batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this study we examine the possibility of utilising partial cox1 gene sequences as barcodes to identify non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). We analysed DNA from 97 specimens of 47 species in the genera Cladotanytarsus, Micropsectra, Parapsectra, Paratanytarsus, Rheotanytarsus, Tanytarsus and Virgatanytarsus with a main focus on Micropsectra, Parapsectra and Paratanytarsus. Our findings show that (1) cox1 is easily amplified from extracts from different life stages with the standard barcoding primers. (2) Although K2P-distances between con-specific sequences varied up to 4.9%, con-specifics clustered together with 91–100% bootstrap support in maximum parsimony analysis. This indicates that barcodes may be excellent tools to identify species that are already in a cox1 library. (3) Both neighbour joining and maximum parsimony failed to reconstruct monophyletic genera. Thus, if a well-matching cox1 sequence is not already available in the library, the prospects of approximately identifying an unknown taxon, even to the correct genus of subtribe Tanytarsina, are not good.
The formation of irreversible Li2O during discharge is believed to be the main cause of large capacity loss and low Coulombic efficiency of oxide negative electrodes for Li batteries. This assumption may have misguided the development of high-capacity SnO2-based anodes in recent years. Here we demonstrated that contrary to this perception, Li2O can indeed be highly reversible in a SnO2 electrode with controlled nanostructure and achieved an initial Coulombic efficiency of ∼95.5%, much higher than that previously believed to be possible (52.4%). In situ spectroscopic and diffraction analyses corroborate highly reversible electrochemical cycling, suggesting that the interfaces and grain boundaries of nano-sized SnO2 may suppress the coarsening of Sn and enable the conversion between Li2O and Sn to amorphous SnO2 when de-lithiated. These results provide important insight into the rational design of high-performance oxide electrodes for Li-ion batteries.
As the prevalence and severity of youth violence have risen, so have programs aimed at preventing such violence. We review 30 programs categorized as antiviolence, conflict-resolution, or peace programs, based on goals, target skills, and theoretical constructs. Through empirical evaluations, we designate programs as either promising or effective. After considering the unique aspects of each program, we outline five criteria to guide selection of the best violence-prevention programs for addressing theoretical foundations, comprehensive skills, diverse populations, teacher training, and children's self-worth.
Fire-fighting robots provide valuable support in fire-fighting operations. However, while operating in large indoor environments, most of the fire-fighting robots have to patrol the area to ensure that they detect the fire. This may result in the delay of fire detection and waste battery power. The paper discusses the implementation of a path-planning algorithm to achieve the most efficient path autonomously. This would enable the robot to reach the required target position in the fastest time possible. Four path-planning algorithms, namely Probabilistic Roadmaps, Rapidly Exploring Random Tree, Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Star, and A star (A*) were investigated. The performances of the algorithms were compared based on the computational time taken to generate the path and path length. From the simulation results obtained, it was determined that A* algorithm was an effective algorithm and was hence chosen for path-planning.
Rehabilitation supervision has emerged as a new application of wireless sensor networks (WSN), with unique communication, signal processing and hardware design requirements. It is a broad and complex interdisciplinary research area on which more than one hundred papers have been published by several research communities (electronics, bio-mechanical, control and computer science). In this paper, we present WSN for rehabilitation supervision with a focus on key scientific and technical challenges that have been solved as well as interdisciplinary challenges that are still open. We thoroughly review existing projects conducted by several research communities involved in this exciting field. Furthermore, we discuss the open research issues and give directions for future research works. Our aim is to gather information that encourage engineers, clinicians and computer scientists to work together in this field to tackle the arising challenges. We believe that bridging researchers with different scientific backgrounds could have a significant impact on the development of WSN for rehabilitation and could improve the way rehabilitation is provided today.
In the presented research we hypothesized that controversial and mismatched transition of gender in contemporary society has an effect on personality system and results in heightened variability of gender identity, gender attitude, sense-life points, contents and prevalence of contradictory variants of interconnections between these components. Battery of methods (modified BSRI, modified Sex Role Scale and questionnaire “Life goals”) was completed by 124 participants (50 men и 74 women). The data analysis allows us to discover the specificity of contradictions between components of personality gender system. It was shown that non-gender-typed identity is connected with androcentrism. It was also shown that gender attitudes are typically mixed and do not agree with personality gender traits. Sense-life points were confirmed as gender-related in individual consciousness.
Rich electrochemistry of vanadium based compounds in terms of high lithium storage capability along with low cost prompted us to study NH4V4O10 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Herein, we report for the first time, a high rate and high energy density cathode based on intercalated ammonium vanadate. The present strategy of making such high rate cathode is mainly based on the use of interactive binder like carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) or alginate binder instead of poly(vinylidene difluride) (PVDF) binder along with 2D morphology. A detailed study shows the dependency of morphology, reaction pH and binder selection on electrochemical performance. In brief, we have demonstrated NH4V4O10-CMC/alginate based cathode as superior candidate for next generation lithium-ion batteries. The as synthesized NH4V4O10 along with CMC/alginate binder delivers discharge capacity of 200 mAh g−1 at very high current rate of 1000mAg−1 and completely retains its original discharge state at low current rate of 100mAg−1 rate, whereas PVDF-based cathode delivers discharge capacity of 125 mAh g−1 at same current rate. Based on morphological and FT-IR studies, we have revealed interactions between active materials and binder particles (CMC and alginate) which play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance.
A three-dimensional (3D) self-standing MgMoO4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet arrays (MMO-G NSAs) are fabricated for lithium and sodium ion storage via a facile bottom-up strategy. In the synthesized process, graphene oxide (GO) was intelligently employed as structure-directing agents to guide the interconnection of magnesium molybdate nanosheets (MMO NSs) along the vertical direction and confine the overgrowth of MMO NSs. The formation mechanism of MMO-G NSAs is proposed based on the illustrations of thermodynamic and dynamic driving forces. As an anode material for lithium ion battery, the MMO-G NSAs nanocomposite exhibits enhanced capacity (848.2mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1) than the MMO NSs electrode (582.5mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1). For sodium ion battery, the MMO-G NSAs nanocomposite also exhibits encouraging sodium ion storage capability (201.1mAhg−1 after 300 cycles at 100mAg−1). These results demonstrate that the special array architecture not only improves the charge transfer efficiency during cycling but also facilitates the electrolyte penetration and alleviates the stress induced by volume changes. Furthermore, the morphologies of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer at different cycle stages were captured, which reveals that a dense, flexible SEI layer is crucial to the long-life cycling performance.
For small scale biological systems such as cilia, movement is achieved by rhythmic motor patterns that organize spontaneously within arrays of driven oscillators. The authors show that conductive spheres oscillating between biased electrodes create similar traveling wave motions which can be used to direct the transport of cargo.
For the first time, sub 10nm sized intermetallic Ag4Sn particles are prepared via an aqueous synthesis route in order to improve the electrochemical performance of pure Sn nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis are used to investigate the morphology, crystal structure and particle surface of the as prepared Ag4Sn nanoparticles. In addition, galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry measurements are carried out to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the particles. Upon lithiation and de-lithiation a phase transformation from Ag4Sn to Ag3Sn is observed, which has not been reported so far. The intermetallic nanoparticle-based anode delivers a specific de-lithiation capacity of 460mAhg−1 for more than 150 cycles.
The metals pollution in the Sarno River and its environmental impact on the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, Central Mediterranean Sea) were estimated. Eight selected metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples. Selected metals concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 1,680.39 μg l−1 in water DP, from 103.6 to 7,734.6 μg l−1 in SPM and from 90.7 to 2,470.3 mg kg−1 in sediment samples. Contaminant discharges of selected metals into the sea were calculated in about 13,977.6 kg year−1 showing that this river should account as one of the main contribution sources of metals to the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Core-shell nanostructure represents a unique system for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Owing to the unique characteristics featuring high power delivery and long-term cycling stability, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) have emerged as one of the most attractive electrochemical storage systems since they can complement or even replace batteries in the energy storage field, especially when high power delivery or uptake is needed. This review aims to summarize recent progress on core-shell nanostructures for advanced supercapacitor applications in view of their hierarchical architecture which not only create the desired hierarchical porous channels, but also possess higher electrical conductivity and better structural mechanical stability. The core-shell nanostructures include carbon/carbon, carbon/metal oxide, carbon/conducting polymer, metal oxide/metal oxide, metal oxide/conducting polymer, conducting polymer/conducting polymer, and even more complex ternary core-shell nanoparticles. The preparation strategies, electrochemical performances, and structural stabilities of core-shell materials for ECs are summarized. The relationship between core-shell nanostructure and electrochemical performance is discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and new trends in core-shell nanomaterials development have also been proposed.
In two experiments, we used an automatic car simulator to examine the steering control, speed regulation and response to hazards of young adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and limited driving experience. In Experiment 1 participants either used the accelerator pedal to regulate their speed, or used the brake pedal when they needed to slow down from a pre-set speed. In Experiment 2, we introduced an auditory distraction condition that shared similarities with maintaining a conversation. Overall, the DCD group produced a larger variance in heading and needed more steering adjustments on straight roads, compared to age-matched controls. When turning bends, the DCD group showed greater difficulty in controlling steering while regulating their speed with the accelerator pedal but this was less problematic when using the brake. The DCD group also responded slower than the control group to pedestrians who walked towards their path. The auditory distraction in Experiment 2 had no visible effects on steering control but increased the reaction times to pedestrians in both groups. We discuss the results in terms of the visuomotor control in steering and the learning of optimal mappings between optic flow and vehicle control.
We report a simple and cost-effective approach to the synthesis of hierarchical mesporous Co3O4@NiCo2O4 nanoforests on Ni foam for supercapacitor (SC) electrode applications by a coupled one-step solution and annealing process. The synthesized electrode exhibits capacitive activation during charge-discharge cycling (from 0.73F/cm2 of the pristine state to the peak value of 1.12F/cm2 after 2000 cycles with only 1.8% loss compared to the peak capacitance after another 2000 cycles). We attribute such dynamic capacitive activation to (1) enlarged electroactive surface area through the formation of Co3O4@NiCo2O4 core-shell structure and (2) enhanced electrical conductivity by forming oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups during charge-discharge cycling. Our findings provide a scientific explanation for the capacitive activation in cobalt oxide-binary nickel cobaltite compounds, and a new design guideline for the development of capacitive activation enabled, high performance transitional oxide electrodes.
Instron announces the release of the latest version of Bluehill 3 Materials Testing Software, v3.31. This version integrates Bluehill 3 with Instron’s TrendTracker software for results management using powerful database archiving and search capabilities. It also offers features for improved control and data acquisition, simplified testing workflows, and new results visualization options. It provides seamless connectivity with Eurotherm-controlled environment chambers and high-temperature furnaces, and new application test methods. These features specifically make it easier to set up, run, and analyze advanced tests in the areas of metals, composites, and plastics.
In this work, Co(OH)2 buds direct growth on Ni foam (Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam) is prepared via a hydrothermal method. Their structure and morphologies are characterized by using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Result shows that the Co(OH)2 buds are assembled by several nanorods and uniformly covered on the surface of Ni foam. Due to its unique structure, the Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam electrode shows high capacitive performance and long cycle life. The specific capacitance of Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam is as high as 2041Fg−1 at a current density of 3mAcm−2 in 6M KOH electrolyte, and 811Fg−1 even at a high current density of 60mAcm−2. The capacitance of the Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam electrode remained 72.4% after 1000 cycles at 18mAcm−2. An asymmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled, in which Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam and AC used as positive and negative electrode, respectively. The energy density of the AC//Co(OH)2 buds/Ni foam supercapacitor reaches to 20.3Whkg−1 at a power density of 90.6Wkg−1. Our result shows that the Co(OH)2 materials are promising candidate for electrochemical energy applications.
A new type of Prussian Blue (PB) modified electrode is presented on the basis of a simple chemical modification of palladized aluminum surfaces. Electroless deposition of metallic palladium on the aluminum electrode (aluminum palladization) provides a suitable surface for the non-electrolytic deposition of PB, formulated as KFeIII[FeII(CN)6], films from a solution of ferric ferricyanide. The PB films prepared in such a way are stable, thin, homogeneous and electrochemically active. The electrochemical behavior of the palladized aluminum-based PB modified electrode (PB/Pd-Al) has been investigated. The cyclic voltammetry of the PB/Pd-Al modified electrode exhibits two reversible redox couples resulting from Fe3+/Fe2+ and [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− transitions in the film. The effect of supporting electrolyte cations, pH and successive potential cycling on the electrochemical behavior and the stability of the modified electrode were investigated. The transfer coefficient (α), rate constants of electron transfer (k s) and apparent diffusion coefficients of hydrated potassium ion in the film (D app) for each redox couple were also determined. The PB/Pd-Al modified electrode was used to electrocatalyze the reduction of persulfate ions.
In this work, the glassy carbon electrode modified by alizarin (AR) hybridized with graphene (CRG) and chitosan (CS) was prepared. The AR/CRG-CS electrode exhibited a pair of well-defined reversible redox peaks in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) with the oxidation peak at −0.573 V and the reduction peak at −0.652 V. It exhibited a two-proton and two-electron redox process and a fast heterogeneous electron transfer rate with the rate constant (K s) of 1.69 s−1 using the cyclic voltammetry. Based on the characteristics of alizarin with the decreased current and negative potential shift after binding with human telomere DNA, a sensitive, simple, reliable and stable electrochemical method for the detection of human telomere DNA using the AR/CRG-CS electrode was developed. The electrochemical response showed a linear relationship with DNA concentration in the range of 8.0 × 10−8 −1.4 × 10−5 M (R = 0.9995) with the linear regression equation as ΔI pc (μA) = 8.4860 + 0.5366C (μmol) and the detection limit (S/N) as 2.0 × 10−8 M.
In backup power sources for telecommunications equipment, it is desirable that the lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells have large capacity to minimize installation size of backup systems and to improve reliability of them by reducing a number of cells and accompanying protective devices. On the other hand, large-capacity Li-ion cell is difficult to manage safety problems. Therefore, safety improvement must be done to replace lead-acid batteries in conventional backup power sources. Improvement of lifetime has also to be achieved under the float-charging condition. We have been developing large-capacity Li-ion cells of which safety are improved by adding phosphazene flame retardant. In this work, 200-Ahs cell is fabricated and several safety tests under the assumption of telecommunications backup use are carried out. The results show no explosion, ignition, or thermal runaway. Forced thermal runaway test of a cell in the module which involves 13 cells are also carried out. There is no explosion, ignition, or thermal runaway in other 12 cells. In addition, 36-kW Li-ion battery system consisted of the 200-Ahs cells and battery management system (BMS). The system was operated for about 400 days in a state of floating charge. More than 95% of initial capacity is obtained.
This paper discusses the current energy status, choice of energy options and potential of renewable energy systems for creating sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. It includes six case studies of successful projects spread all over India and covering different technologies and scales of operation. It also includes a proposed outline for training of Renewable Energy Technicians and their job opportunities.
Effects preparation condition of multiwall carbon nanotube on Li intercalation were investigated in this study. Both Li intercalation and reversible capacities increased with increasing contact time of CH4 on Ni catalyst when the multiwall carbon nanotube was prepared. Raman spectroscopy suggested that the content of graphitic carbon tube increased with increasing the contact time of CH4 upon synthesis. Therefore, in case of tubular carbon, graphitic carbon also exhibited a larger capacity for Li intercalation comparing with that of amorphous one. Intercalation and reversible capacity for Li insertion at first cycle were attained to a value of 430 and 320mAh/g, respectively, on the carbon nanotube obtained at the contact time higher than 100g-cath/mol.
Objective EEG coherence is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting decreased interaction between brain areas. Nonlinear EEG analysis in AD points to decreased complexity of brain dynamics, implicating increased interaction. To clarify these apparently paradoxical findings from linear and nonlinear analysis, we calculated global coherence and global correlation dimension (D2), a nonlinear measure, in the EEG of patients with probable AD and controls. Our hypothesis is that these measures are related to each other when calculated in a comparable way. Methods From 15 patients with probable AD (mean age 63.1 years; SD 6.3) and 21 age-matched controls with subjective memory complaints (mean age 62.8; SD 12.0), band filtered EEG data were analysed in six frequency bands. For each frequency band average coherence and multichannel D2 were determined. Results ANOVA for repeated measures showed for D2 an interaction between band and group, but not for coherence. In the beta band and upper alpha band, D2 was higher in patients with probable AD compared to controls, while global coherence tended to be lower in these frequency bands in patients with probable AD. In the frequency range from theta to beta, coherence and D2 were inversely correlated without group differences. Conclusions When calculated in comparable ways, global correlation dimension and coherence are related measures. In AD, these measures change especially in the higher frequency ranges, both pointing to decreased functional cortical connectivity. Significance Both global coherence and global correlation dimension seem to measure global connectivity, but nonlinear measures may be more sensitive. In AD, connectivity measures are not equally impaired in all frequency ranges, possibly reflecting differentiated affection of the dynamical processes responsible for the different frequency bands.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance and usage of non-isothermal reactors in industrial applications. The chemical reactions depend on temperature, either absorbing (endothermic) or generating (exothermic) a large amount of heat. Industrial reactors often operate under the non-isothermal conditions. In such conditions, the temperature and the composition vary from point to point. Either a heating/ cooling coil or an external heat exchanger can affect the temperature. Some reaction rates double for a rise in temperature of 10–15°C, and temperature affects the properties of the reaction mixture such as the density, specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity, enthalpy, mixing patterns, and the energy for efficient mixing. Temperature coefficients are not as great as for the rate constant; therefore, averaged values of the physical properties are often used for design purposes. Some reactors operate under adiabatic conditions, where there is negligible heat input to the reactor. The design of the non-isothermal reactors involves the simultaneous solution of both mass and energy balances. In reactors some such as the packed bed or fluidized catalytic cracking unit (FCCU), the momentum balance is considered with both the mass and energy balances. This chapter also discusses autothermal reactors, the conversion of ammonia, and finally, the optimum-temperature progression, with derived equations for reversible exothermic reactions.