batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Previous research has robustly established a Williams syndrome (WS) specific personality profile, predominantly characterized a gregarious, people-oriented, and tense predisposition. Extending this work, the aims of the current, cross-sectional study were two-fold: (1) to elucidate the stability of personality characteristics in individuals with WS and typically developing (TD) comparisons across development, and (2) to explore the personality attributes that may be related to the respective profiles of social functioning characterizing the two groups, which is currently poorly understood. The sample comprised of participants with WS and TD matched on chronological age. The test battery included the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Salk Institute Sociability Questionnaire (SISQ), an index of real-life social behavior. The main results showed that compared to the TD individuals, the WS group were consistently rated higher in Social Closeness, and this trait remained stable across development. Interpersonal behaviors were best predicted by Social Closeness in WS and by Social Potency in TD. Regression analysis highlighted that while a central motive underlying the increased drive toward social interaction in individuals with WS pertains to a desire to form affectionate relationships, TD individuals by contrast are motivated by a desire to exert social influence over others (leadership, social-dominance) and Well-Being (positive emotional disposition). In conclusion, these findings provide novel insight into social motivational factors underpinning the WS social behavior in real life, and contribute toward a deeper characterization of the WS affiliative drive. We suggest potential areas for behavioral intervention targeting improved social adjustment in individuals with WS.
We have studied the formation and growth of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) for the case of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and mixtures of these electrolytes using molecular dynamics simulations. We have considered SEI growth on both Li metal surfaces and using a simulation framework that allows us to vary the Li surface density on the anode surface. Using our simulations we have obtained the detailed structure and distribution of different constituents in the SEI as a function of the distance from the anode surfaces. We find that SEI films formed in the presence of EC are rich in Li2CO3 and Li2O, while LiOCH3 is the primary constituent of DMC films. We find that dilithium ethylene dicarbonate, LiEDC, is formed in the presence of EC at low Li surface densities, but it quickly decomposes to inorganic salts during subsequent growth in Li rich environments. The surface films formed in our simulations have a multilayer structure with regions rich in inorganic and organic salts located near the anode surface and the electrolyte interface, respectively, in agreement with depth profiling experiments. Our computed formation potentials 1.0V vs. Li/Li+ is also in excellent accord with experimental measurements. We have also calculated the elastic stiffness of the SEI films; we find that they are significantly stiffer than Li metal, but are somewhat more compliant compared to the graphite anode.
The effect of the partial substitution of S by Se atoms in the Mo6Se8−n S n Chevrel phases (CPs), (n =0, 1, 2), on the reversible intercalation of Mg ions into these hosts was studied by a combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling, potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Based on the previously published structural characterizations of the CP compounds under study, we describe herein the thermodynamic effect of the substitution in terms of the transformation of a single peak of the differential capacitance for the pure Mo6X8 phases (X=S or Se), into a set of a lower amplitude and broader peaks for the mixed (S, Se) CPs, located at less positive potentials compared to that for the pure CP. This is due to the preferential ordering of the Se anions (as compared to that of S anions) in their sites in the CP's crystal structure. In addition to the thermodynamic effect of the substitution, the geometry of the transition state for the mobile Mg ions is modified, thus facilitating the insertion of Mg ions into the partially substituted CP compounds (the kinetic effect). Thereby, the partial charge trapping that characterizes Mg ion insertion into sulfide-based CPs at low temperatures vanishes in the Mg x Mo6S6Se2 compounds. This was nicely confirmed by impedance (EIS) measurements in combination with chronopotentiometry.
We have developed a self-powered integration system consisting of a-Si:H solar cells as the energy generation device, CoS x hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) as the energy storage device and ZnO photodetectors as the energy consumption device. The CoS x HSC plays a crucial role in determining the system performances. By elaborately designing hierachical 3D CoS x nanonets as the faradic electrode, the specific capacity reaches 225 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.6 A g−1. The HSCs assembled with the CoS x faradic electrode and active carbon capacitive electrode have a high energy density of 32 Wh kg−1, high power density of 6.61 kW kg−1 and long-term cycling lifetime. The CoS x HSC can be charged to 0.85 V by the a-Si:H solar cell under AM 1.5 G illumination and serves as a stable power supply for driving ZnO photodetector. The CoS x HSC not only acts as a buffer to diminish the solar energy fluctuations, but also provides a strategy for designing self-powered detector systems. The integration system exhibits a stable photoelectric conversion, excellent storage characteristic and sensitive photoelectric response, verifying the feasibility and potential applications. This study is expected to offer a basic guideline for designing self-powered and environment-friendly systems.
It is highly desirable to improve the high voltage stabilities of cathode materials for Li-ion battery materials since it can deliver a higher reversible capacity at high cutoff voltage. Herein, we propose a novel facile strategy to generate La2O3-modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with superior electrochemical performance in the voltage range of 2.5–4.5 V via a solid-state method. It can be observed that La2O3-modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 can greatly enhance the electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effect of ion doping and surface-modifying. La ions doping can alleviate the Li+/Ni2+ mixing, and substantially enhance the structure stability of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 during charge/discharge cycles at high cutoff voltage. LaNi0.4Co0.6O3/LaMnO3.26 spreading on the surface layer is very useful in improving the diffusion of Li+ and inhibiting the particles from reacting with the electrolyte, enhancing the high voltage stabilities of the interface between electrode and electrolyte. The capacity retention of 0.7% (molar fraction) La2O3-modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is 79.0% after 300 cycles compared to 61.7% for bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. And its discharge capacity at 10 C is 141.7 mAh g−1 in the voltage range of 2.5–4.5 V, which is higher than those of other samples. This work not only offers a facile novel strategy to achieve superior electrochemical performances of cathode materials but also presents some new insights into the stabilization mechanism of modified cathode materials during charge/discharge cycles or long-term storage at high cutoff voltage.
Technology has revolutionized healthcare over the past 50 years. From pacemakers and artificial joints to organ transplantation our patients have experienced care that has dramatically improved their quality of life. Genomic science offers opportunities for gene therapy as well as new drug development. These developments arise from “virtuous circles” of technology to science to technology that depend upon the physical sciences and mathematics, health sciences, and engineering. All of these components require adequate funding, people who can work at interfaces, and appropriate relationships of Academia to Industry. These advances raise major issues for health care costs, ethics, conflicts of interest, privacy and patient-physician interactions.
Electrochemical degradation (ED) of carbon felt electrodes was investigated by cycling of a flow through all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) and conducting half-cell measurements with two reference electrodes inside the test bench. ED was detected using half-cell and full-cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different states of charge (SOC). Reversing the polarity of the battery to recover cell performance was performed with little success. Renewing the electrolyte after a certain amount of cycles restored the capacity of the battery. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that the amount of surface functional increases by more than a factor of 3 for the negative side as well as for the positive side. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show a peeling of the fiber surface after cycling the felts, which leads to a loss of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). Long term cycling shows that ED has a stronger impact on the negative half-cell [V(II)/V(III)] than the positive half-cell [V(IV)/V(V)] and that the negative half-cell is the rate-determining half-cell for the VRFB.
Smart wristbands enable the continuous monitoring of health parameters, for example, in maternity care. Understanding the feasibility and acceptability of these devices in an authentic context is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a smart wristband to collect continuous activity, sleep and heart rate data from the beginning of the second trimester until one month postpartum.
The stress change, Δσ, generated during lithium transport through the rf sputter-deposited Li1 − δ CoO2 film was exactly determined as a function of the lithium stoichiometry, (1 − δ), using a laser beam deflection method (LBDM) combined with cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and potentiostatic current transient technique. Tensile and compressive stresses were generated during the lithium intercalation and deintercalation, respectively. Δσ varied remarkably with (1 − δ) in the single-α-phase region as well as in the two-phase region, but it remained almost constant in the single-β-phase region. Δσ generated during a real potential step between an initial electrode potential and a final applied potential was uniquely specified by (1 − δ). The value of Δσ coincided well with that value derived from the Δσ versus (1 − δ) curve (stress transient) measured simultaneously along with the galvanostatic intermittent titration discharge curve. From the comparison between the values of Δσ measured experimentally and calculated theoretically, it was suggested that Δσ in the single-α-phase region and the two-phase region originate from the molar volume change of the α-phase and from the lattice parameter mismatch between the α-phase and β-phase, respectively.
The poor rate capability is a major problem of olivine-structured lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its low electric conductivity and sluggish lithium diffusion. Other than the custom strategies to solve this problem like carbon coating and nano-size treatment, we simply mixed LFP with some anion adsorbents, which can store anions from the electrolytes swiftly. The effect of anion adsorbents on the performance of LFP composite electrode has been investigated by cyclic voltammetric tests and the corresponding apparent lithium diffusion coefficients have been measured.
The processing of words and pictures representing actions and objects was tested in 21 aphasic patients and 20 healthy controls across three word production tasks: picture-naming (PN), single word reading (WR) and word repetition (WRP). Analysis 1 targeted task and lexical category (noun-verb), revealing worse performance on PN and verb items for both patients and control participants. For Analysis 2 we used data collected in a concurrent gesture norming study to re-categorize the noun–verb items along hand imagery parameters (i.e., objects that can/cannot be manipulated and actions which do/do not involve fine hand movements). Here, patients displayed relative difficulty with the ‘manipulable’ items, while controls displayed the opposite pattern. Therefore, whereas the noun–verb distinction resulted simply in lower verb accuracy across groups, the ‘manipulability’ distinction revealed a ‘double-dissociation’ between patients and control participants. These results carry implications for theories of embodiment, lexico-semantic dissociations, and the organization of meaning in the brain.
There now exist several alternatives to cork as wine bottle closures. The emergence of alternative closures with consistent physical properties has focused attention on the science of post-bottling wine chemistry. While much research in this area remains undone, it is clear that oxygen transmission by the closure has a significant impact on how wines develop after bottling. The role of closure oxygen transmission is an area of active research, and the potential of matching closure type to wine style is now being discussed by winemakers. As well as oxygen transmission, closures differ in their capacity to scalp flavour compounds from wine. Other issues relating to closure choice include cost and consumer acceptance. While cork remains the dominant closure for wine, screwcaps and synthetic corks have now taken significant slices of the bottled wine market (estimated 2.5 billion and 3.7 billion units used annually).
Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency and long life. These unique properties have made lithium batteries the power sources of choice for the consumer electronics market with a production of the order of billions of units per year. These batteries are also expected to find a prominent role as ideal electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants, as well as power systems for sustainable vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles. However, scaling up the lithium battery technology for these applications is still problematic since issues such as safety, costs, wide operational temperature and materials availability, are still to be resolved. This review focuses first on the present status of lithium battery technology, then on its near future development and finally it examines important new directions aimed at achieving quantum jumps in energy and power content.
PBI-based polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells have short durability comparing with Nafion ones. It is known that the presence of phosphoric acid accelerates catalyst sintering, and the polymer is susceptible to getting degraded via oxidative degradation. However, the influence of the current distribution on the degradation process has not been investigated. In this work, current distribution was measured continuously during a steady state life test that was performed in a 50-cm2 PBI-PEM fuel cell. The membrane-electrode assembly was prepared using techniques that are supposed to ensure satisfactory reproducibility at global level. Two different stages, i.e., activation and degradation, were identified. They show disparities in both global and local performance. It was found that the current distribution map is very heterogeneous, with variations around ±50 % with respect to the average value during the whole lifetime of the cell. The non-uniformity of the current profile increases during the degradation, but it cannot be concluded that the current density distribution contributes to the short lifetime.
Addition of carbon-based nanomaterials to operating flow batteries accomplishes vanadium redox flow battery performance improvement. Initial efforts focus on addition of both pristine graphene and vacuum-filtered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film on carbon paper supporting electrodes. While the former is unable to withstand convective flow through the porous electrode, the latter shows measurable kinetic improvement, particularly when laid on the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) side of the electrode; in contrast to the kinetic performance gain, a deleterious impact on mass transport is observed. Based on this tradeoff, further improvement is realized using perforated rGO films placed on the PEM side of the electrodes. Poor mass transport in the dense rGO film prompts identification of a more uniform, passive deposition method. A suspension of rGO flakes or Vulcan carbon black (XC-72R), both boasting two orders-of-magnitude greater specific surface area than that of common carbon electrodes, is added to the electrolyte reservoirs and allowed to passively deposit on the carbon paper or carbon felt supporting electrodes. For common carbon felt electrodes, addition of rGO flakes or XC-72R enables a tripling of current density at the same 80% voltage efficiency.
Feral cats are known to drive numerous extinctions of endemic species on islands. Predation by feral cats also currently threatens many species listed as critically endangered. Island faunas that have evolved in the absence of mammalian predators are particularly susceptible to cat predation. Dirk Hartog Island is no exception as cats have caused the local extinction of its once high vertebrate diversity. A programme to reconstruct the native fauna on the island necessitated feral cat eradication. In this paper we outline the strategy, removal techniques and monitoring methods used in this successful eradication of feral cats. Globally, the Dirk Hartog project has become the largest successful island feral cat eradication campaign attempted to date.
The stability of Al current collector was studied in two different NaFSI-based electrolytic solutions. Propylene carbonate (PC) and N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (C3C1pyrrFSI) were used as the organic carbonate and ionic liquid (IL) solvents respectively. By cyclic voltammetry tests on Al foils and subsequent SEM analysis of the electrode surfaces it was demonstrated that oxidative dissolution happens above 3.6 and 3.5 V at 20 °C and 55 °C, respectively when the carbonate solvent is used. On the contrary, the IL solvent prevents the degradation process at 55 °C up to 5 V. Moreover, it was concluded that the cycling stability of NaFe0.4Ni0.3Ti0.3O2 layered oxide at 55 °C was significantly influenced by the electrolyte composition since no evidence of Al oxidative dissolution was detected after 50 cycles in the IL electrolyte while severe current collector degradation was observed after only 8 cycles in the organic carbonate solution.
0.8[xB2O3–(1− x)P2O5]–0.2Na2O (with 0≤ x ≤1) glasses have been characterized by solution calorimetry at 298K in acid solvent. The experimental data showed a strong negative departure of the enthalpy of mixing from the ideality described by the equation (in kJ/mol): ΔH = x(1− x)(−660.2+570x). The results were interpreted on the basis of the structural data. Enthalpies of mixing were consistent with sub-regular solution behaviour.
This study combines electricity supply mix profiles and observed charging behaviour to compare the environmental performance of a petrol-hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with a class-equivalent internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle over the full life cycle. Environmental performance is compared using a suite of indicators across the life cycle, accounting for both marginal and average electricity supply mixes for Australia’s National Energy Market (NEM) grid. The use of average emission factors for the NEM grid can serve as a good proxy for accounting charging behaviour, provided that there is a strong correlation between the time of charging and total electricity demand. Compared with an equivalent ICE, PHEVs charged from Australia’s NEM can reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the life cycle. Potential burden shifts towards acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity impacts may occur, but these impacts are uncertain due to modelling limitations. This study has the potential to inform both short and long term forecasts of the environmental impacts associated with EV deployment in Australia and provides a better understanding the temporal variations in emissions associated with electricity use in the short term.
Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethyl methacrylate) PVC/PEMA-based blend polymer electrolyte films containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as a salt were prepared by solvent casting technique. The effects of the plasticization on structural, thermal and electrical properties of the plasticized polymer blend electrolytes were investigated. The changes in the structural and complex formation properties of the materials were studied by XRD and FTIR techniques. Dielectric relaxation studies of the polymer electrolyte have been undertaken, and the results are discussed. TG/DTA technique is used to study the thermal stability. Complex impedance analysis is used to calculate the bulk resistance of the complexes. The effect of different plasticizer on the structural and physical properties of polymer blend electrolyte is well correlated.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a wide range of physiological symptoms. Patients with this disorder frequently present with a number of psychiatric symptoms, report histories of severe trauma, and show illness-related behavior disproportional to their physical discomfort. The present article reviews the diagnosis, correlates, and associated features of IBS. Multiple models of the etiology of IBS are presented as well as a review of the available research on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments. It is concluded that the demonstrated efficacy of psychosocial treatments for IBS may largely be attributable to the effects of non-specific treatment factors. Experimental controls that will allow for the evaluation of the specific efficacy of prescriptive and structured psychosocial treatments for IBS over and above the effects of non-specific factors are recommended.
Pseudomonas putida is a promising candidate for the industrial production of biofuels and biochemicals because of its high tolerance to toxic compounds and its ability to grow on a wide variety of substrates. Engineering this organism for improved performances and predicting metabolic responses upon genetic perturbations requires reliable descriptions of its metabolism in the form of stoichiometric and kinetic models.
A lithium-rich multiphase alloy foil with the nominal composition Li2.6BMg0.05 is synthesized for potential anode of rechargeable lithium batteries. Pristine Li2.6BMg0.05 is composed of rhombohedral Li5B4, cubic lithium and Li3Mg7. The overvoltage of Li2.6BMg0.05 based symmetric cells keep steady values of about 0.04V and 0.1V respectively at 0.2 and 0.5mAcm−2 within 50 cycles. By comparison, the overvoltage rises from ca. 0.04V to 0.08V at 0.2mAcm−2 and fluctuates between 0.2V and 0.4V at 0.5mAcm−2 for Li to replace Li2.6BMg0.05. The reduced voltage polarization is further confirmed by a comparison between Li2.6BMg0.05/S and Li/S full cells. Moreover, Li dendrite formation can be suppressed by use of Li2.6BMg0.05 during cycling and long-term deposition. The improvement of the Li2.6BMg0.05 anode may be due to its porous framework structure and slightly decreased reactivity, which reduce the effective current density and benefit the interfacial stability. The test results indicate that lithium-rich multiphase alloys could be promising for anode material of rechargeable lithium batteries.