batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The electric vehicle (EV) has been developing rapidly and predicting the lifetime of Li-ion batteries in EVs has become an important issue. Characteristics of human drivers and the battery configuration interact and both play important roles in determining EV battery lifetime. Moreover, due to the relatively high cost of real EVs and long testing time for battery life of EVs, it is important to integrate the human driver and EV battery into one framework and implement it in a driving simulator test-bed. To address this problem, the current work proposes the first integrated computational human–electric vehicle framework (ICHEV) and implemented in a STISIM driving simulator. ICHEV can be used to: 1) Analyze the effects of driver differences (including driver characteristics, charging strategy, and driving schedule) and battery configuration on battery lifetime in saving real EV test cost and time; 2) Predict the battery lifetime given the driver characteristics, driving schedule, and battery configuration; and 3) Obtain the optimal battery configuration, the optimal driving patterns and charging strategy for the purpose of maximal battery lifetime. According to the ICHEV, software was developed and further applications of the ICHEV were also discussed.
Short-term 48 h laboratory bioassays with water from an acid mine drainage (AMD: pH 3.3, 4.4, 5.0, 5.5, 6.4, control) and water from an arsenic containing reservoir were performed with the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmaresti Millet, validated in situ and compared to acidified control water (ACID). Behaviour, mortality and time to death were monitored with the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB). The shrimps had equal 24 h-LC50s at pH 4 in AMD and ACID. However, after 48 h AMD proved more toxic (48 h-LC50 at pH 5.2) than ACID (48 h-LC50 at pH 4.5). Stress behaviour in AMD consisted at pH ≤ 6.4 of a pH-dependent decrease in activity, with disappearance of circadian rhythmicity, and at pH 4.4 a clear increase of ventilation. At pH 5.5 bioaccumulation of metals was higher and locomotion lower than at pH 5.0. In ACID, only at pH ≤ 4.4 locomotion became abated and arythmic. Locomotion in the field was equal or higher compared to the laboratory, whereas the ventilation was higher in the laboratory. A. desmaresti is a valuable species to be used in short term behavioural bioassays of AMD in Europe.
A series of dysprosium (Dy) doped LiMn2O4 based spinel cathode materials, LiMn2−xDyxO4 (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) for Li ion rechargeable battery application were synthesized by sol-gel process. The physical properties were explored through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Swagelok cell configurations were used for electrochemical characterizations e.g. cyclic voltammetry, rate performance, cycleability and AC impedance. The doping amount of dysprosium has improved the surface morphology (particle size<1μm) by reducing particle size. The Dy(0.02) showed improved capacity of 122, 72 and 78mAhg−1 at C/10, C/5 and C/10 (recv.) respectively. The lower impedance of Dy(0.02) in comparison of pristine and other derivatives of synthesized cathode materials also supports these outcome.
6-Thioguanine (6-TG) drug is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Crohn’s disease, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. However, a high dose of 6-TG may cause severe side effects, including bone marrow depression and gastrointestinal complications. Two-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted the attention of researchers as chemical sensors for different biological molecules. Here, density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the interaction properties of 6-TG with a silicon carbide monolayer (SiCM) as well as noble metal (Au)-decorated SiCM (Au@SiCM) to elaborate on their potential application as electronic sensors. The sensing response of the SiCM to the 6-TG drug is very small (~ 3.9 at 298 K) because of a weak interaction with adsorption energy and charge transfer of − 0.15 eV and 0.03 |e|, respectively. An Au atom was preferentially adsorbed above a Si-C bond of the SiCM, releasing the energy of 3.79 eV. By the Au decoration, the 6-TG was strongly adsorbed onto the Au@SiCM with adsorption energy of − 0.79 eV and the sensing response increased to 384.0. The recovery time for the 6-TG desorption from the Au@SiCM surface was obtained to be 2.3 s. Consequently, the Au@SiCM can transform the existence of 6-TG molecules into electrical signals and it may potentially be applied as an electronic sensor for the recognition of the 6-TG drug.
ABSTRACT Present graphite anode cannot meet the increasing requirement of electronic devices and electric vehicles due to its low specific capacity, poor cycle stability and low rate capability. The study reported a promising N-doped graphene/graphite composite as a conductive agent-free anode material for lithium ion batteries. Herein, graphite oxide and urea were dispersed in ultrapure water and partly reduced by ascorbic acid. Followed by mixing with graphite and hydrothermal treatment to produce graphene oxide/graphite hydrogel. The hydrogel was dried and finally annealed in Ar/H2 to obtain N-doped graphene/graphite composite. The result shows that all of graphite particles was dispersed in three-dimensional graphene framework with a rich of open pores. The open pore accelerates the electrolyte transport. The graphene framework works as a conductive agent and graphite particle connector and improves the electron transfer. Electrical conductivity of the composite reaches 5912Sm−1, which is much better than that of the pristine graphite (4018Sm−1). The graphene framework also acts as an expansion absorber in the anodes of lithium ion battery to relieve the large strains developed at high discharge rates. As a result, the N-doped G/C electrode provides an excellent electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery, including high specific capacity (781mAhg−1), outstanding rate capability (351mAhg−1 at 10C) and intriguing cycling stability (98.1% capacity retention at 10C after 1000 cycles).
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) is a transcription factor belonging to the HNF family. We aimed to investigate the role of HNF1b in white adipocyte differentiation. The expression of HNF1b was reduced in white adipose tissue (WAT) of both diet-induced and genetic obese mice and decreased during the process of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Downregulation of HNF1b enhanced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and upregulation of HNF1b inhibited this process. Upregulation of HNF1b inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target gene expression, while downregulation of HNF1b increased those genes expression. Overexpression of PPARγ suppressed HNF1b upregulation-induced inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. HNF1b can directly bind with the promoter of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 cells, which was decreased after adipogenic differentiation. HNF1b promoted apoptotic and autophagic cell death in early differentiated adipocytes through regulation of cell cycle progress and cell death-related factors, and thus inhibited the process of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). HNF1b acted as an antioxidant regulator through regulating various antioxidant enzymes via binding with antioxidant response element. Oxidant treatment suppressed HNF1b upregulation-induced inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Overall, our results suggest that HNF1b is a novel negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation through regulation of PPARγ signaling, MCE and redox state.
Background A significant proportion of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) continue to experience symptoms across adulthood that in severe cases fail to respond to standard therapies. For these cases, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a promising treatment option. Objective We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the efficacy of DBS for GTS. Methods Individual data of case reports and series were pooled; the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was chosen as primary outcome parameter. Results In total, 57 studies were eligible, including 156 cases. Overall, DBS resulted in a significant improvement of 52.68% (IQR = 40.74, p < 0.001) in the YGTSS. Analysis of controlled studies significantly favored stimulation versus off stimulation with a standardized mean difference of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.36–1.56). Disentangling different target points revealed significant YGTSS reductions after stimulation of the thalamus, the posteroventrolateral part and the anteromedial part of the globus pallidus internus, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and nucleus accumbens with no significant difference between these targets. A significant negative correlation of preoperative tic scores with the outcome of thalamic stimulation was found. Conclusions Despite small patient numbers, we conclude that DBS for GTS is a valid option for medically intractable patients. Different brain targets resulted in comparable improvement rates, indicating a modulation of a common network. Future studies might focus on a better characterization of the clinical effects of distinct regions, rather than searching for a unique target.
We have previously demonstrated polyimide (PI) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)-based nanoencapsulation as a new surface modification strategy for high-voltage cathode materials. In this study, in an endeavor to attain a more comprehensive understanding of the PI GPE-based surface modification, effects of structural variation of PI encapsulating layers (specifically, focusing on PI coating thickness) on cell performance and thermal stability of high-voltage (4.4 V) LiCoO2 are investigated. Herein, PI coating thickness is tuned between approximately 10 and 40 nm by varying polyamic acid (synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride/oxydianiline) concentration of coating solutions. As PI coating thickness is increased, discharge C-rate capability of cells is deteriorated due to undesired rise of ionic and electronic resistance of thick PI coating layers. On the other hand, thick PI encapsulating layers are effective in mitigating interfacial exothermic reaction between delithiated LiCoO2 and liquid electrolyte. Notably, among the various PI coating thicknesses, average thickness of 10 nm imparts well-balanced enhancement in cell performance and thermal stability. These results demonstrate that structural fine-tuning (particularly, coating thickness) of PI encapsulating layers, acting as ion-conductive protective conformal thin films, plays a significant role in optimizing their beneficial coating effects on high voltage LiCoO2.
Polyacrylonitrile was used as a precursor to coat N-doped carbon (NC) on SnxOy (x=1 and y=0 and 2) nanoparticles. The effect of NC coating on electrochemical performance of SnxOy anodes was investigated. Fine dispersion of metal nanoparticles coated with carbon was observed from microscopic analysis. Systematic studies were performed to understand the electrochemical behavior as well as Li-ion battery performance of the prepared materials. Noticeable capacity improvements for NC-SnO2 and NC-Sn were achieved over carbon-coated particles reported previously in the literature. Among the investigated materials, 50wt% NC-SnO2 nanoparticles exhibited the best reversible capacity of 621mAhg−1 while 60wt% NC-Sn exhibited the highest capacity of 450mAhg−1 at 100mA/g after 50 cycles. Electrochemical studies revealed that the carbon shell can effectively increase the stability of the active materials and improve the cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries. NC-protected Sn nanoparticles were also synthesized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a precursor and this material exhibited a significantly high discharge capacity of 650mAhg−1 at 100mA/g after 50 cycles. The studies performed on the Sn-based anodes show the potential of carbon content/coating level and metal particle size for improved Li-ion battery performance.
Ternary transition metal oxides such as NiCo2O4 show great potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. However, the unsatisfactory rate performance of NiCo2O4 may prove to be a major hurdle to its commercial usage. Herein, we report the development of NiCo2O4@TiN core–shell nanostructures for all-solid-state supercapacitors with significantly enhanced rate capability. We demonstrate that a thin layer of TiN conformally grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on NiCo2O4 nanofiber arrays plays a key role in improving their electrical conductivity, mechanical stability, and rate performance. Fabricated using the hybrid NiCo2O4@TiN electrodes, the symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor exhibited an impressive stack power density of 58.205mWcm−3 at a stack energy density of 0.061 mWh cm−3. To the best of our knowledge, these values are the highest of any NiCo2O4-based all-solid-state supercapacitor reported. Additionally, the resulting NiCo2O4@TiN all-solid-state device displayed outstanding cycling stability by retaining 70% of its original capacitance after 20,000 cycles at a high current density of 10mAcm−2. These results illustrate the promise of ALD-assisted hybrid NiCo2O4@TiN electrodes within sustainable and integrated energy storage applications.
Using various methods different tin phosphate samples were prepared. One of them was amorphous, while the others were crystalline with monoclinic structure, having unit cell parameters as follows: a=4.586Å, b=13.618Å, c=5.818Å, β=99.61° [Sn (H2PO4)2] and a=8.612Å, b=4.964Å, c=15.860Å, β=98.87° [Sn(HPO4)2], respectively. The crystal water content and the method of thermal decomposition of the samples were determined. The chemical composition of the end products of preparations was determined by promt-gamma activation analysis and was found to be Sn:P=1:2 for all samples independent of their preparation method. The oxidation state of tin atoms in samples as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy was mainly +2 in sample no. 2, while in some other samples it was +4.
The microstructure and chemical composition of the discharge products generated in sodium-oxygen batteries are analyzed by transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) revealing a complex architecture. Unexpectedly, sodium peroxide is detected in the cubic-shaped discharge deposits associated with the often reported sodium superoxide. Analyses on the product distribution show a surface layer rich in decomposition products in contact with an O-deficient region enclosing the bulk of these cubes. In addition, we show that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs by a process that involves oxidation and re-dissolution of the bulk fraction, leading to a contraction of the discharge particles and a composition similar to that found in the intermediate phase of the deposits observed at the end of discharge. All these solid compounds are eventually removed at the end of recharge, but formation of these structures evidence possible irreversible pathways that need to be considered for the cycle life improvement.
The development of high-performance anode materials, along with simple synthesis processes, is of main issues to replace the commercial graphite anode and to achieve practical applications of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a facile, scalable preparation of multiple Mo-MoO3-graphene nanocomposites using a simple wire-explosion process, followed by heat treatment in air, and their electrochemical performance as anode materials of LIBs. In this process, Mo wire is electrically exploded in methanol containing graphene at room temperature, resulting in well-dispersed Mo nanoparticles anchored on graphene. Subsequently, partial oxidation of Mo nanoparticles to MoO3 is achieved at 300°C in air, forming Mo-MoO3-graphene nanocomposites. For comparison, Mo-MoO3 nanocomposites are also prepared under the same conditions, without using graphene. Systematic phase and microstructural characterizations of both nanocomposites, as well as the as-synthesized Mo nanoparticles, are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Their Li-storage performances are also evaluated and compared. Since graphene acts as a mechanical support to prevent Mo nanoparticle aggregation, and both Mo nanoparticles and graphene play an important role in providing effective electron pathways between active MoO3 nanoparticles, Mo-MoO3-graphene nanocomposites exhibit the conductivity and Li+ diffusivity enhancements (3.35×10−14 cm2 s−1), and structural stability, resulting in not only enhanced cycling performance, with a reversible capacity of 611mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at a constant current rate of 0.1C, but also a better rate performance than Mo-MoO3 nanocomposites. These synergistic functions are responsible for the better Li-storage performance of Mo-MoO3-graphene nanocomposite, which can lead to the promising candidates for LIB anode materials.
Neuropathic pain is initiated or caused due to the primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system and is proposed to be linked to a cascade of events including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Oxidative/nitrosative stress aggravates the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) overactivation. Hence, the present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the phytoconstituent; morin in chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathy. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the left sciatic nerve in rats, and the effect of morin (15 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated by measuring behavioural and biochemical changes. Mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli confirmed the CCI-induced neuropathic pain and treatment with morin significantly improved these behavioural deficits and improved the sciatic functional index by the 14th day after CCI induction. After 14 days of CCI induction, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory markers were elevated in rat lumbar spinal cord. Oxidative stress induced PARP overactivation resulted in depleted levels of ATP and elevated levels of poly (ADP) ribose (PAR). Treatment with morin reduced the levels of nitrites, restored glutathione levels and abrogated the oxidant induced DNA damage. It also mitigated the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Protein expression studies confirmed the PARP inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity of morin. Findings of this study suggest that morin, by virtue of its antioxidant properties, limited PARP overactivation and neuroinflammation and protected against CCI induced functional, behavioural and biochemical deficits.
In this study a spontaneously formed corneal epithelial cell line, namely HCE-S, was established and characterised. The cell line was karyotyped and corneal epithelial maker expression of the cell line was assessed by immunostaining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The morphological characteristics were investigated using SEM and TEM analyses. The functional response to EGF in terms of cell proliferation, wound healing and cell migration was tested using Alamar Blue, scratch wound and colony dispersion assays, respectively. The cells were maintained in culture for more than 100 divisions and 35 passages suggesting that an immortalised cell line had been established. HCE-S, has maintained an epithelial morphology and has not phenotypicaly changed through passages. SEM and TEM microscopy showed morphological similarities to primary corneal epithelial cells. HCE-S expressed a battery of characteristic markers of primary corneal epithelial cells including cytokeratin 3 and PAX 6 as well as the basal cell integrins β1 and α9 and the putative corneal stem cell marker ABCG2. HCE-S cells were responsive to exogenous EGF as shown by proliferation, migration and scratch wound assays. HCE-S can be cultured in a simple DMEM and only serum-based media which gives them an advantage against available corneal epithelial cell lines. This fact, along with the often limited availability and variability of primary corneal epithelial cells and the similarities of the cell line with primary cell characteristics suggest that HCE-S could be a useful tool for the study of corneal epithelial cell biology, ocular surface toxicity studies and pharmacological testing.
Various scales have been used to assess palliative outcomes. But measurement can still be problematic and core components of measures have not been identified. This study aimed to determine the relationships between, and factorial structure of, three widely used scales among advanced cancer patients.
A cross-linked polymer electrolyte membrane (SPE) was fabricated by a solvent-free hot-pressing method for all-solid-state lithium ion battery. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is 1.34 × 10−3 S cm−1 and the decomposition potential is 4.87 V at the ethylene oxide (EO):LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI) molar ratio of 20:1 and 120 °C. TG-DSC results show that the SPE is thermally stable up to 230 °C in argon atmosphere. The assembled LiFePO4/SPE/Li all-solid-state battery can stably work in the temperature range of 80–140 °C. At 120 °C, the initial discharge capacity of the battery is 156.7 mAh g−1 at 1C which is close to the theoretical capacity of the cathode material, showing that the solvent-free filming method is low-cost and environment-friendly for solid polymer electrolyte and all-solid-state lithium ion battery.
is Project Manager at the Fraunhofer Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung IFAM in Bremen (Germany).
Low apparent density Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) powders of different morphology and microstructure are derived from a glycine–nitrate process using Ce(NO3)3 and Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 as the cerium sources. When the molar ratio of the two cerium precursors is around 1:1, the derived SDC powders can be readily sintered to high density, exhibiting the highest conductivities (∼0.084 and ∼0.020 S cm−1 at 800 and 600 °C, respectively) with an activation energy of ∼0.70 eV. When the molar ratio of Ce(NO3)3 to Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 was adjusted to 3:1, the derived SDC powders have the lowest apparent density (36.0 ± 0.5 mg cm−3), best suited for preparation of dense, thin-film SDC electrolyte membranes on porous anode substrates, a critical step toward low-cost fabrication of high-performance SOFCs.
Herein, we report on the synthesis and lithium storage properties of electrospun one-dimensional (1D) CuFe2O4 nanomaterials. 1D CuFe2O4 nanotubes and nanorods were fabricated by a single spinneret electrospinning method followed by thermal decomposition for removal of polymers from the precursor fibers. The as-prepared CuFe2O4 nanotubes with wall thickness of ~50 nm presented diameters of ·~150 nm and lengths up to several millimeters. It was found that phase separation between the electrospun composite materials occured during the electrospinning process, while the as-spun precursor nanofibers composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and metal salts might possess a core-shell structure (PAN as the core and PVP/metal salts composite as the shell) and then transformed to a hollow structure after calcination. Moreover, as a demonstration of the functional properties of the 1D nanostructure, CuFe2O4 nanotubes and nanorods were investigated as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). It was demonstrated that CuFe2O4 nanotubes not only delivered a high reversible capacity of ~816 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 200 mA·g−1 over 50 cycles, but also showed superior rate capability with respect to counterpart nanorods. Probably, the enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to its high specific surface areas as well as the unique hollow structure.