batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Herein, we characterize various metal oxide-carbon composites, i.e. CuO-MCMB (mesocarbon microbeads), Fe2O3–MCMB and NiO-MCMB, as anode materials for application in sodium-ion battery. The electrodes, supposed to react through a conversion mechanism, are studied in terms of structure, morphology and electrochemical behavior in sodium cell. The results demonstrate a specific capacity of the order of 100 mAh g−1 for Fe2O3–MCMB and NiO-MCMB, and of about 300 mAh g−1 for CuO-MCMB. The remarkable performance of the latter suggests the copper oxide-based electrode as the preferred anode material for battery application. Indeed, further study aimed to clarify the Na/CuO-MCMB reaction mechanism is performed by ex-situ X-ray diffraction on electrode material cast onto aluminum support. The study suggests a partial conversion reaction for CuO-based anode that is considered suitable candidate in replacement of sodium metal, in efficient and safe Na-ion battery.
In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), combining a battery and a supercapacitor (SC), is studied for dispatching solar power at one hour increments for an entire day for 1 MW grid connected photovoltaic (PV) arrays. HESS relies on PV for charging and not the grid, and hence is immune to fluctuating electricity prices. The battery and SC are intended to supply predetermined constant power, but not to provide ancillary services for the grid operation. To develop a cost-effective energy storage system, a low pass filter (LPF) is used to allocate the power between a battery and a SC. The best cost of the energy storage is calculated based on the time constant of the LPF through extensive simulations. Several rule-based algorithms based on the battery state of charge (SOC) are developed to estimate the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period. An economic comparison of using different kinds of the algorithms for estimating the grid reference power are also presented in this study. The objective is to better understand the annual energy storage cost for hourly dispatching solar power. The actual solar data of four different days as a representative of each season recorded at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are used in the simulations. The relationship between the actual PV cell temperature and the ambient temperature in power output calculations are also considered and their effects on energy storage price calculations are presented in this paper.
The treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain is often based on three different models regarding the development and maintenance of pain and especially functional limitations: the deconditioning model, the cognitive behavioral model and the biopsychosocial model.
H2O2 production was evaluated in liver microsomes prepared from Cyp1a1/1a2(+/+) wild-type and Cyp1a1(−/−) and Cyp1a2(−/−) knockout mice pretreated with 5 μg dioxin (TCDD)/kg body wt or vehicle alone. NADPH-dependent H2O2 production in TCDD-induced microsomes from wild-type mice was about one-third of that in noninduced microsomes. In Cyp1a2(−/−) mice, H2O2 production was the same for induced and noninduced microsomes, with levels significantly higher than those in wild-type mice. Cyp1a1(−/−) microsomes displayed markedly lower levels of H2O2 production in both induced and noninduced microsomes, compared with those in wild-type and Cyp1a2(−/−) microsomes. The CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline in vitro exacerbated microsomal H2O2 production proportional to the degree of CYP1A2 inhibition, and the CYP2E1 inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate decreased H2O2 production proportional to the degree of CYP2E1 inhibition. Microsomal H2O2 production was strongly correlated to NADPH-stimulated production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, as well as to decreases in microsomal membrane polarization anisotropy, indicative of peroxidation of unsaturated membrane lipids. Our results suggest that possibly acting as an “electron sink,” CYP1A2 might decrease CYP2E1-and CYP1A1-mediated H2O2 production and oxidative stress. In this regard, CYP1A2 may be considered an antioxidant enzyme.
Background Early invasive electrical stimulation studies suggested that enhancement of cerebellar vermal activity might prove valuable in symptomatic treatment of refractory neuropsychiatric diseases via modulation of emotion and affect. This proof of principle study aimed to test this hypothesis using noninvasive brain stimulation, and to explore the safety of this protocol in schizophrenia. Methods Eight treatment-refractory patients with schizophrenia underwent ten sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation (TBS) to the cerebellar vermis using MRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Assessments included side effect questionnaires, cardiovascular monitoring, psychiatric evaluations and comprehensive neuropsychological testing before and after TBS and at one-week follow-up. Results Overall, TBS was tolerated well with mild side effects primarily comprising neck pain and headache. No serious adverse events occurred. Diastolic blood pressure (BP) showed mild decreases for five minutes post-TBS; no significant changes were detected for systolic BP or pulse. PANSS negative subscale showed significant improvements following TBS and during the follow-up. Calgary Depression Scale and self-report visual analog scales for Happiness and Sadness pointed to significant mood elevation. Neuropsychological testing revealed significantly fewer omissions in working memory and interference conditions of a Continuous Performance Test, a longer spatial span and better delay organization on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure during follow-up. No significant worsening in psychiatric or neuropsychological measures was detected. Conclusions Theta burst stimulation of the cerebellar vermis is safe and well-tolerated, while offering the potential to modulate affect, emotion and cognition in schizophrenia. Future randomized, sham-stimulation controlled studies are warranted to support the clinical efficacy of this technique.
This paper is aimed at reviewing and discussing several selected surface phenomena related to Li-ion batteries. Accumulated data from in situ XRD, in situ AFM, SEM, and electrochemical measurements of graphite electrodes comprising different types of graphite particles (in terms of morphology and 3D structure) converge to a description of failure mechanisms of graphite electrodes, which involve deactivation by insulating surface films that surround cracked particles. It appears that the performance of the cathodes is also, to a large extent, surface film controlled. Hence, aging of Li-ion batteries relates mostly to surface phenomena that increase the electrodes’ impedance, especially at elevated temperatures. Attempts to improve the performance of Li-ion battery systems by introduction of new salts and reactive additives are reviewed. The impact of elevated temperatures (up to 80°C) is also discussed.
Despite being considered as a promising candidate for cathode of next-generation batteries, sodium manganese orthosilicate suffers from sluggish kinetics, while no effective enhancement through structural manipulation has been reported yet. Herein a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Na2MnSiO4/C is fabricated via a templated sol-gel method and investigated as a cathode material for sodium ion batteries. It delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 207 mAh g−1 (∼1.5 mol of Na+ insertion/extraction) at 0.1 C (1C = 139 mAh g−1), excellent high-rate capability (76 mAh g−1 at 5 C) and long-term cyclability (76.0% after 345 cycles at 2 C). The superior electrochemical properties are ascribed to short Na-ion diffusion path of honeycomb-like 3D ordered macroporous structure, fast electron transportation of interconnected carbon frameworks and effective constraint of volumetric changes upon electrochemical cycling. The rational design of 3D ordered porous structure may facilitate the development of silicate-based cathode materials that have problems of low electronic conductivity, slow ion diffusion and structural instability for new high-energy sodium ion batteries.
A novel cerium–lead redox flow battery (RFB) employing Ce(IV)/Ce(III) and Pb(II)/Pb redox couples in the supporting electrolyte of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is developed and preliminarily investigated. The RFB requires no additional catalyst and uses kinetically favorable reactions between low-cost reactants, and provides a desirable discharge voltage of approximately 1.7 V, with high average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 92% and energy efficiency (EE) of 86% over 800 cycles at 298 K. Stable cycling with an acceptable performance is achieved for a board operating temperature range of 253 K–313 K. The excellent performance obtained from the preliminary study suggests that the cerium–lead RFB promises to be applicable to large-scale energy storage for electricity grids.
This report presents a method for combining sequential neural-network approximation and orthogonal arrays (SNAOA) to determine the tilt angle for photovoltaic (PV) modules. An orthogonal array is first conducted to obtain the initial solution set. The set is then treated as the initial training sample. Next, a back-propagation sequential neural network is trained to simulate the feasible domain for seeking the optimal tilt angle of PV modules. The size of the training sample is greatly reduced due to the use of the orthogonal array. In addition, a restart strategy is also incorporated into the SNAOA so that the searching process may have a better opportunity to reach a near global optimum. The objective is to maximize the output power energy of the modules. In this study, seven Taiwanese areas were selected for analysis. The sun’s position at any time and location was predicted by the mathematical procedure of Julian dating; then, the solar irradiation was obtained at each site under a clear sky. To confirm the computer simulation results, an experimental system is conducted for determining the optimal tilt angle of the PV modules. The results show that the annual optimal angle for the Taipei area is 23.25°; for Taichung, 22.25°; for Tainan, 21.25°; for Kaosiung, 20.75°; for Hengchung, 20.25°; for Hualian, 22.25°; and for Taitung, 21° in Taiwan, and the actual best annual tilt angles are close to the computer simulation results. Additional results related to SNAOA are also reported and discussed as well.
Presented paper describes and critically comments major recent strategies for improving electrochemical capacitor performance. Particularly, carbon based electrodes and aqueous electrolytes have been considered. A novel concept of redox active electrolytes as a source of pseudocapacitance effect as well as profits and cons of such system have been discussed. The electrochemical performance of capacitor operating in such electrolyte solution is reported. Furthermore, some advantageous features of bio-inspired system based on bromine-cerium solution acting as oscillator are also presented.
The combination of high capacity redox active pendent groups and conducting polymers, realized in conducting redox polymers (CRPs), provides materials with high charge storage capacity that are electronically conducting which makes CRPs attractive for electrical energy storage applications. In this report, six polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)-based CRPs with a diethyl terephthalate unit covalently bound to the polymer chain by various linkers have been synthesized and characterized electrochemically. The effects of the choice of polymer backbone and of the nature of the link on the electrochemistry, and in particular the cycling stability of these polymers, are discussed. All CRPs show both the doping of the polymer backbone as well as the redox behavior of the pendent groups and the redox potential of the pendent groups in the CRPs is close to that of corresponding monomer, indicating insignificant interaction between the pendant and the polymer backbone. While all CRPs show various degrees of charge decay upon electrochemical redox conversion, the PEDOT-based CRPs show significantly improved stability compared to the polythiophene counterparts. Moreover, we show that by the right choice of link the cycling stability of diethyl terephthalate substituted PEDOT-based CRPs can be significantly improved.
Fluorinated ethers have been used as a co-solvent in traditional ether-based electrolytes to suppress the polysulfide shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work, five partially fluorinated ether compounds have been synthesized. The key properties, such as viscosity, ionic conductivity and polysulfide solubility of the electrolytes containing these co-solvents have been systematically studied. The electrolyte formulation showed best physical properties was tested in lithium-sulfur coin cells. The new fluoroether-based electrolytes displayed superior electrochemical performance compared to that of the traditional ether-based electrolytes.
Carbon nanofiber (CNF)-Co3O4 composites were prepared by the calcination of CNF-Co(OH)2 composite precursors under argon atmosphere. SEM and TEM observations revealed that Co3O4 particles in the size of ca. 30–50nm were highly dispersed and attached on the surface of the reticular CNF and all around. As for electrode materials, the CNF-Co3O4 composite demonstrated very high reversible capacity (more than 900mAhg−1 in the initial 50 cycles) and excellent electrochemical cycling stability. The improved cycle performance of the CNF-Co3O4 composite can be attributed to its unique reticular and morphology-stable composite texture with high dispersion of Co3O4 nanoparticles on the CNF that provides excellent electronic and ionic conduction pathway for the electrochemical processes.
“Energiewende”, which roughly translates as the transformation of the German energy sector in accordance with the imperatives of climate change, may soon become a byword for the corresponding processes most other developed countries are at various stages of undergoing. Germany's notable progress in this area offers valuable insights that other states can draw on in implementing their own transitions. The German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is making its own contribution to achieving the Energiewende's ambitious objectives: in addition to funding an array of ‘clean and green’ projects, the Virtual Institute Power to Gas and Heat was established as a consortium of seven scientific and technical organizations whose aim is to inscribe a future, renewable-based German energy system with adequate flexibility. Thus, it is tasked with conceiving of and evaluating suitable energy path options. This paper outlines one of the most promising of these pathways, which is predicated on the use of electrolytically-produced hydrogen as an energy storage medium, as well as the replacement of hydrocarbon-based fuel for most road vehicles. We describe and evaluate this path and place it in a systemic context, outlining a case study from which other countries and federated jurisdictions therein may draw inspiration.
Alcohol use is highly prevalent globally with numerous negative consequences to human health, including HIV progression, in people living with HIV (PLH). The HIV continuum of care, or treatment cascade, represents a sequence of targets for intervention that can result in viral suppression, which ultimately benefits individuals and society. The extent to which alcohol impacts each step in the cascade, however, has not been systematically examined. International targets for HIV treatment as prevention aim for 90 % of PLH to be diagnosed, 90 % of them to be prescribed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90 % to achieve viral suppression; currently, only 20 % of PLH are virally suppressed. This systematic review, from 2010 through May 2015, found 53 clinical research papers examining the impact of alcohol use on each step of the HIV treatment cascade. These studies were mostly cross-sectional or cohort studies and from all income settings. Most (77 %) found a negative association between alcohol consumption on one or more stages of the treatment cascade. Lack of consistency in measurement, however, reduced the ability to draw consistent conclusions. Nonetheless, the strong negative correlations suggest that problematic alcohol consumption should be targeted, preferably using evidence-based behavioral and pharmacological interventions, to indirectly increase the proportion of PLH achieving viral suppression, to achieve treatment as prevention mandates, and to reduce HIV transmission.
Thermally regenerative ammonia batteries (TRABs) have shown great promise as a method to convert low-grade waste heat into electrical power, with power densities an order of magnitude higher than other approaches. However, previous TRABs based on copper electrodes suffered from unbalanced anode dissolution and cathode deposition rates during discharging cycles, limiting practical applications. To produce a TRAB with stable and reversible electrode reactions over many cycles, inert carbon electrodes were used with silver salts. In continuous flow tests, power production was stable over 100 discharging cycles, demonstrating excellent reversibility. Power densities were 23 W m−2-electrode area in batch tests, which was 64% higher than that produced in parallel tests using copper electrodes, and 30 W m−2 (net energy density of 490 Wh m−3-anolyte) in continuous flow tests. While this battery requires the use a precious metal, an initial economic analysis of the system showed that the cost of the materials relative to energy production was $220 per MWh, which is competitive with energy production from other non-fossil fuel sources. A substantial reduction in costs could be obtained by developing less expensive anion exchange membranes.
Background Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. Some evidence suggests an association between cognition deficits and gray matter reductions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cognitive performance and gray matter volumes in patients with treatment-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia. Method First-episode patients with treatment-naïve schizophrenia and healthy controls went through brain imaging scan using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. A neuropsychological battery including 8 neurocognitive tests was used to assess cognitive function. Voxel-based methods were used for volumetric measure in the brain. Results Fifty-one patients and 41 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Patients exhibited a poorer performance on all 7 cognitive function tests compared with healthy controls (ps<0.006). There were significant gray matter volume differences between the two groups in bilateral hippocampus gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and orbital inferior frontal gyri (FDR, ps<0.05). Within the schizophrenia group, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that poorer performance on the working memory, verbal learning and visual learning was associated with smaller hippocampal gray matter volume, and poorer executive function was associated with smaller left orbital inferior frontal gray matter volume after controlling for potential confounding variables (β≥0.420, ps≤0.010). Conclusions Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits are associated with hippocampal and orbital inferior frontal gray matter volume abnormalities in treatment-naïve, first-episode patients with schizophrenia.
In this work, a porous and honeycomb-structured Cellulose/Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membrane is prepared via a facile and ecofriendly phase inversion method by using glycerol as pore forming agent. Cellulose acetate, the source of cellulose, is easily converted into cellulose by hydrolysis in the presence of lithium hydroxide. Owing to the unique microstructure, the Cellulose/PVDF-HFP membrane offers several advantages, including high porosity, elevated electrolyte uptake, high ion conductivity, and wide electrochemical window (5.35 V). Compared with conventional polypropylene (PP) separator and PVDF-HFP membrane, the membrane developed in this work enables higher discharge capacity, higher lithium-ion transference number (0.89) and improved rate performance, which is able to maintain a high discharge capacity of 136 mAh g−1 at 8 C, using LiCoO2 as cathode and Li metal as anode. In addition, the Cellulose/PVDF-HFP membrane based batteries exhibit superior cycling performance that can maintain 91.7% capacity after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. The characterization and battery test results demonstrate that the membrane is highly compatible with lithium ion batteries.
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/boron nitride (BN) composite films were successfully fabricated by facile vacuum filtration and subsequent thermal treatment. Their morphology, structure and electrochemical performance were systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Importantly, the as-prepared rGO/BN composite film with a 2wt.% BN content as binder-free anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) exhibited a high reversible capacity of 278mAh·g−1 at a high current density of 100mA·g−1, high rate capability, and high capacity retention over the first 200 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performances of rGO/BN composite film are attributed to the unique structure and the synergistic effects between layered BN and graphene, which favored electrolyte penetration and buffered the volume expansion during the lithiation and delithiation process. In addition, this work not only provides a versatile strategy for fabrication of other graphene-based films, but also shows the potential promise of rGO/BN composite film for other energy storage devices.
Flexible/foldable energy storage devices with high gravimetric energy density are highly desired due to the development of wearable electronic equipment. In this work, highly flexible/foldable MnO-based lithium-ion battery anode composed of MnO nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanofibers (MnO nanoparticles@CNFs) are fabricated by hydrothermal, electrospinning and subsequently thermal treatment. The freestanding, foldable carbon nanofibers membrane with sufficient void space in carbon nanofibers and containing over 50 wt % of MnO can be directly used as a freestanding anode for LIBs. This hybrid membrane electrode exhibites remarkable reversible capacity (773 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles). It also shows outstanding rate capability (407 mA h g-1 at 2 A g−1) and robust long cycling stability with specific capacity (400 mA h g-1 at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles). This work proposes a simple, low-cost and environmental friendly method for preparing free-standing and binder-free composite membrane electrodes with sufficient buffer space, high loading and remarkable electrochemical properties used in lithium ion batteries.
The micro-sized SiO-based composite anode material (d-SiO/G/C) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is achieved via the disproportionation reaction of SiO followed by a pitch pyrolysis reaction. The d-SiO/G/C composite exhibits an initial reversible capacity of 905 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability. The initial Coulombic efficiency of the d-SiO/G/C composite can be significantly improved from 68.1% to 98.5% by the prelithiation of the composite anode using stabilized lithium metal powders (SLMP), which counteracts the irreversible capacity loss caused by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and irreversible conversion reaction during the first lithiation. The micro-sized d-SiO/G/C composite anode with SLMP prelithiation maintains an excellent cycling stability, suggesting its great potential in practical application for high specific energy lithium ion batteries.