batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NaVPO4F), a material candidate for sodium-ion battery cathodes, was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction approach. Different amounts of carbon coating were introduced in NaVPO4F to improve its electrochemical performance. The structure and morphology of the resultant cathode materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge curve, cycling performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The highest capacity achieved for this material was 97.8 mAh g−1 and the best capacity retention was 89% at the 20th cycle. Results demonstrated that appropriate amount of carbon coating could effectively improve the electrochemical performance of NaVPO4F, and carbon-coated NaVPO4F could offer promising future for sodium-ion battery cathode materials.
The charge–discharge characteristics of Li/poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) coin cells with an ethylenecarbonate–dimethylcarbonate mixture containing 1M LiClO4 as electrolyte are studied. The PNMA is modified from a p-doped polymer to a self-doped polymer by a simple sulfonation procedure and its performance in a rechargeable cell is evaluated. Parallel experiments on polyaniline and sulfonated polyaniline are also performed. The application of the low band-gap polymer polyisothianaphthene (PITN) in a non-aqueous rechargeable cell and also in a capacitor is studied.
This paper presents maps of anthropogenic Hg emissions worldwide within a 1°×1° latitude/longitude grid system in 1995. As such, the paper is designed for modelers simulating the Hg transport within air masses and Hg deposition to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Maps of total Hg emissions and its three main chemical species: elemental gaseous Hg, divalent gaseous Hg, and particle-associated Hg are presented. The main emissions occur in southeast Asia (particularly in China), South Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Eastern United States. These are the regions where coal combustion is the main source of electricity and heat production. Waste incineration adds to these emissions in the Eastern United States. Emissions of total Hg and its three species are quite similar in terms of their (global) spatial distributions. They reflect the worldwide distribution of coal consumption in large power plants, industrial burners, and small combustion units, such as residential and commercial furnaces.
This paper examines the development of lead–acid battery energy-storage systems (BESSs) for utility applications in terms of their design, purpose, benefits and performance. For the most part, the information is derived from published reports and presentations at conferences. Many of the systems are familiar within the energy-storage community; others have appeared in numerous tabulations of such systems, but little is known about them beyond the basic descriptive parameters such as energy and power ratings. As a consequence, some are simply cited without comment while others are described in appreciable detail. It is found that a progression in the maturity and applications of battery energy-storage is evident in these systems.
To efficiently improve the attractive properties of electrode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the uniform hybridization of 2 Dimensional WS2 nanosheets of nitrogen doped carbon nanofiber (WN-CNF) as a novel anode electrode is synthesized via a facile electrospinning strategy. The well-aligned structure, roughness of surface morphology and chemical composition are characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. Nitrogen-containing groups and 1 T phase of WS2 in WN-CNF are demonstrated as the electro-active sites to enhance the capacitive performance. Meanwhile, WN-CNF exhibits a highly reversible specific capacity of 814 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1, excellent rate capability of 52% from 100 to 1000 mA g−1 and cyclic stability of 87% after 120 charge/discharge cycles. The high performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of rough surface, heteroatom N incorporation and hybridization with pseudocapacitive 2D WS2.
This article aims to understand whether streets designed to be more liveable encourage a greater variety of street users and activities. To date there is little evidence that traffic calming or speed limits alone result in a change in how streets are used. This study is focused on more radical treatments. It discusses UK streets that conform to woonerf design criteria, which in the United Kingdom are called home zones. Seven recently completed new-build case studies were observed for 6 hours each and the nature of activity within the street environments was recorded. The results show that children in particular used the streets intensively for long periods, and that they engaged in a wide variety of play activities across the whole area of the street with relative freedom. Adults were also seen spending time in home zones, but the sense is that this was in response to the children playing there. The results suggest that these more radical street treatments are lived in and used differently compared to streets with just speed limit controls or traffic calming.
The use of mice as experimental models in pharmacological and biochemical research began over 100 years ago, during which time different mice strains with specific features were developed. Numerous studies demonstrate that the pharmacological efficacy of various compounds significantly varies among different animal strains, a factor which must be considered when analyzing experimental data. The Sabra strain, developed more than 35 years ago, is widely used for research in Israel but has an unclear origin and is not characterized as well as other strains. Comparative analyses of the molecular characteristics of Sabra and other strains should help to understand their characteristics and to enhance the validity of their experimental use. Thus, four mouse strains—outbred ICR and Sabra as well as inbred C57Bl/6J and Balb/c were compared. Animals' weight, blood corticosterone and hippocampal BDNF mRNA levels were measured, and animals' behavior was compared using the EPM, open field, FST, and hot plate tests. We found that although Sabra mice are bigger and heavier than other tested lines, this is not reflected in behavior or in biomolecular features, wherein Sabra mice lay within the diapason of other tested animals. Thus, behavioral tests of anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity revealed that Sabra mice scored close to the mean of all tested lines. Analysis of blood corticosterone levels did not show significant differences among tested strains. We also found a correlation between general and locomotor activity of the tested strains and their hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. In summary, we may conclude that Sabra mice have traits similar to the better known lines, and therefore they are good subjects for neuroscience research.
The polyaniline (PAn)/carbon black (CB) hybrid hollow microspheres have been prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique alternately adsorbing of PAn and CB onto the polystyrene sulfonate microsphere templates after etching the templates by dialysis. The hollow structure of the obtained hybrid hollow microspheres was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which indicated that the external diameter of the hollow microspheres was about 3.0μm. When the hybrid hollow microsphere were used as the electrode material for supercapacitors, the results showed that the specific capacitance increased with the increase in the adsorption numbers of PAn and CB, which was as high as 532Fg−1 at a charge–discharge current density of 10mAcm−2 in 1.0M H2SO4 electrolyte after alternately adsorbing of PAn and CB six times.
Mycobacteriosis is a progressive disease of a wide range of wild and captive, marine and freshwater fish species. Conventional detection of fish Mycobacteria is based on histopathology, culture, and biochemical characteristics. The present study analyzed the occurrence of Mycobacteria in clinically ill ornamental fish of different species, from different places of India. In first group, 60 fish were examined for presence of granulomatous inflammation and acid-fast bacteria. Thirty-eight (63.34 %) fish were positive for granulomatous inflammations. Presences of acid-fast bacteria were detected in 27 (45 %) fish having granulomatous inflammation and in two (3.33 %) fish without granulomatous inflammation. In total, AFB were found in 29 (48.34 %) of the 60 fish examined. In second group, 20 fish having granulomatous inflammation, 12 (60 %) samples were positive using Ziehl–Neelsen (Z-N) staining and 11 (55 %) of them were culture positive. Eight (40 %) samples were Z-N negative but two (10 %) of them were culture positive. In total, 13 (65 %) of the 20 examined fish were culture positive. On the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, 13 isolates were identified: five as Mycobacterium fortuitum, five as Mycobacterium gordonae, and three as Mycobacterium chelonae. In comparison of two decontamination methods, 2 % HCl treatment was better than 4 % NaOH treatment. Mycobacteria recovery from decontaminated samples was significantly high on Lowenstein–Jensen medium compared to Middlebrook 7H11 agar and Stonebrink (SB) media. The disease is transmissible from fish to fish and also from fish to human, so the significance of Mycobacteria in ornamental fish should not be overlooked.
Trunk muscle dysfunction is often regarded as a key feature of non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) despite being poorly understood and variable with increases, decreases and no change in muscle activity reported. Differences in thoraco-lumbar kinematics have been observed in motor control impairment NSCLBP subgroups (Flexion Pattern, Active Extension Pattern) during static postures and dynamic activities. However, potential differences in muscle activity during functional tasks has not been established in these subgroups to date.
Although logistic always had an important supportive function in organizations, involving new technologies in logistics operations has changed its function to a value-added function. Nowadays, information system and technologies are such a critical component of a logistic system that information flow is considered as important as material and financial flow in logistics. In this chapter, after reviewing the role and importance of information in logistics systems, four levels of functionality in companies which are affected by logistic information systems (LIS) are described. These four levels are transaction system, management control, tactical planning, and strategic planning. Then, the three main components of LIS, i.e., input, database, and output, are explained. LIS, normally, has five modules that are clarified in this chapter. Finally, the characteristics of LIS that should be concerned in designing and evaluating are discussed. In the second part of this chapter, emerging technologies in the area of information technology are briefly discussed.
Nano-sized SnSbCu x alloy anode materials are prepared by reductive co-precipitation method combining with the aging treatment in water bath at 80°C. The microstructure, morphology and electrochemical properties of synthesized SnSbCu x alloy powders are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and galvanostatical cycling tests. The results indicate that the average particle size is reduced and the Cu6Sn5, Cu2Sb phases appear successively along with the increase of Cu content in the SnSbCu x alloy. The reduction of average particle size, the existence of inactive element Cu and the complex multi-step reaction mechanism in SnSbCu x alloy anodes are propitious to improve the structure stability and thus improve the cycling performance. When cycled at a constant current density of 0.1mAcm−2 between 0.02 and 1.50V, the coulomb efficiency of first cycle exceeds 74% and the reversible capacity of 20th cycle attains to 490mAhg−1 in SnSbCu0.5 alloy anode.
The application of micro-systems, designed to contain monitoring or actuating devices is often hampered by energy supply. For systems with low power demands, the use of implanted battery and inductive links for wireless energy transfer to the remote system is widely acknowledged solution. But these energy supply system are limited by the energy shortage and inductive coils alignment. The misalignment of wireless energy transfer loops causes the low energy transfer efficiency and inexact induced potential. Although the implanted battery can offer more stable energy supply, the shortage in energy storage limited its application and durability. In this work, we developed the wireless microwave charging module to overcome the disadvantages of previous methods. The wireless microwave charging module can charge the implanted lithium ion battery in a suitable distance by tuning the power input and the implanted lithium ion battery shows excellent cycleability after 20 cycles of wireless charging. Although the conversion of the wireless microwave charging is only 2–5%, it can be improved by using other designs of antenna (microwave generation part) and rectify antenna (receive and conversion part). The cell performance of the spinel compound for the wireless energy transfer is better than that of the layered compound.
Background Risk-based decision making is altered in people with schizophrenia and in people with cannabis use compared to healthy controls; the pattern of risk-assessment in people with co-occurring schizophrenia and cannabis dependence is poorly understood. This study examined measures of risk-taking and decision-making in people with and without schizophrenia and/or cannabis dependence. Methods Participants with schizophrenia (n=24), cannabis dependence (n=23), schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence (n=18), and healthy controls (n=24) were recruited from the community via advertisements and completed a one-visit battery of symptom, risk-based decision making, gambling behavior, cognitive, and addiction assessments. This report presents self-assessments of self-mastery, optimism, impulsivity, and sensation seeking and a behavioral assessment of risk (Balloon Analog Risk Task [BART]). Results On self-report measures, participants with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence were intermediate between those with only cannabis dependence or only schizophrenia on ratings of self-mastery, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity. There were no group differences on ratings of optimism. Their behavior on the BART was most similar to participants with only cannabis dependence or healthy controls, rather than to participants with only schizophrenia. Conclusions People with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence may represent a unique group in terms of risk-perception and risk-taking. This has implications for interventions designed to influence health behaviors such as motivational interviewing.
In certain applications of building energy simulation, the normally used time-step of one hour (1h) can be a source of significant error. One such application is the matching of PV production and household energy demand. Short-time peaks in PV generation and demand load produce errors in the matching results. The goal of the investigation is to show the reasons for these errors and to find out how large the errors are. The approach is partly theoretical and partly based on simulation exercises with TRNSYS using a time-resolution ranging from 1min to 1h. The amount of matching is expressed using the on-site energy fraction index (OEF) and the on-site energy matching index (OEM). Detailed parametric analyses are conducted with the focused parameters on the size of the generation system and the error of daily matching results with coarser resolutions compared to 1-min resolution. The results show that the shape of the demand curve as well as the production curve, and the interconnection of these curves, is a crucial factor explaining the formation of errors. When the high-resolution generation curve frequently crosses the intermittent long spikes or the continuous saw teeth of the demand curve, noticeable errors (in some cases higher than 60%) are generated with 1-h resolution compared to 1-min resolution. Moreover, for the on-site PV during the summer-time, noticeable errors (in some cases 15% or higher with 1-h resolution) are more likely to happen under scattered cloud conditions compared with clear or overcast skies.
We tested children in Grades 1 to 5, as well as college students, on a number line estimation task and examined latencies and errors to explore the cognitive processes involved in estimation. The developmental trends in estimation were more consistent with the hypothesized shift from logarithmic to linear representation than with an account based on a proportional judgment application of a power function model; increased linear responding across ages, as predicted by the log-to-lin shift position, yielded reasonable developmental patterns, whereas values derived from the cyclical power model were difficult to reconcile with expected developmental patterns. Neither theoretical position predicted the marked “M-shaped” pattern that was observed, beginning in third graders’ errors and fourth graders’ latencies. This pattern suggests that estimation comes to rely on a midpoint strategy based on children’s growing number knowledge (i.e., knowledge that 50 is half of 100). As found elsewhere, strength of linear responding correlated significantly with children’s performance on standardized math tests.
We examined the effect of a chronic imipramine treatment (10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 21 days) on the expression and function of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in discrete regions of the rat brain. Chronic imipiramine treatment up-regulated the expression of mGlu2/3 receptor proteins in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex and corpus striatum. Expression of mGlu1a receptor protein was increased exclusively in the hippocampus, whereas no changes in the expression of mGlu4 and mGlu5 receptors or Homer-1a protein were detected. Using hippocampal slices, we examined the stimulation of polyphosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis induced by mGlu receptor agonists in control and imipramine-treated rats. Imipramine treatment amplified the PI response to the non subtype-selective mGlu receptor agonist, 1S,3R-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylated (1S,3R-ACPD) in both hippocampal and cortical slices, but failed to affect the response to the selective mGlu1/5 receptor agonist, S-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). Amplification was restored when DHPG was combined with the selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268. In addition, 1S,3R-ACPD-stimulated PI hydrolysis was no longer enhanced in imipramine-treated rats when the mGlu2/3 component of the PI response was abrogated by the antagonist, LY341495. In contrast, the ability of LY379268 to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation was reduced in hippocampal slices of rats chronically treated with imipramine. Taken together, these results suggest that neuroadaptive changes in the expression and function of mGlu2/3 receptors occur in response to chronic antidepressants.
Research has supported a link between insecure attachment and eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents; however, mechanisms accounting for this association remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests impaired mentalizing as a potential mechanism. Yet, little is known about the relationship between mentalizing and ED symptoms or how it relates to the link between attachment and EDs in adolescents. This study examined mentalizing deficits in adolescents with ED symptoms relative to psychiatric and healthy controls and tested a mediational model, wherein mentalizing capacity mediates the relationship between attachment and ED symptoms.
Porous LiMPO4/C composites (where M stands for Fe and/or Mn) with micro-sized particles were synthesised by sol–gel technique. Particles porosity is discussed in terms of qualitative results obtained from SEM micrographs and in terms of quantitative results obtained from N2 adsorption isotherms. Porous particles could be described as an inverse picture of nanoparticulate arrangement, where the pores serve as channels for lithium supply and the distance between the pores determines the materials kinetics. Tests show that the electrochemical behaviour of porous LiMPO4/C composite is comparable with the results from the literature. The best electrochemical results were obtained with a LiFePO4/C composite (over 140mAhg−1 at C/2 rate during continuous cycling). The capacity obtained with LiMnPO4/C composite is much lower (40mAhg−1 at C/20 rate), although the textural properties are similar to those observed in the LiFePO4/C composite.
Our recent achievements suggest that intermediate temperature (IT) solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can become a strong competitor not only for stationary power generation, but also for tractionary applications, e.g. for electrical (hybrid) vehicles. These ITSOFCs are based on ceria-salt composite ceramic materials. These new ceria-based composite ceramic materials have shown a super ionic conductivity (0.1–1.0Scm−1) in the IT region (400–600°C). Using them as the electrolytes the ITSOFCs are operated between 300 and 1500mAcm−2 (200–700mWcm−2) continuously between 400 and 600°C. The opportunities and advantages of these new advanced ITSOFCs for electrical vehicle applications are discussed. The high efficiency ITSOFCs fed directly with hydrocarbon containing gas-type and liquid-type fuels have shown an enormous potential for application in electrical vehicles.
Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) was used to study the thermal stability of Li0.81C6 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and an EC/DEC mixture as well as in LiPF6- and LiBOB-based electrolytes. ARC results show that linear carbonates like DMC or DEC react strongly with Li0.81C6 and that robust passivating layers do not form. By contrast, the cyclic carbonate, EC, creates a robust passivating film that limits the rate of reaction between Li0.81C6 and EC as the temperature increases. X-ray diffraction shows that the addition of LiPF6 to EC/DEC changes the surface film that forms on Li0.81C6 at elevated temperature to one dominated by LiF instead of lithium-alkyl carbonate or lithium carbonate. This increases the thermal stability of Li0.81C6 in LiPF6 electrolyte compared to pure EC/DEC solvent. By an apparently similar mechanism, the addition of only 0.2M LiBOB to EC/DEC greatly improves the thermal stability of Li0.81C6. ARC results for Li0.81C6 in pure and mixed salt LiPF6 and LiBOB EC/DEC electrolytes of various molarities shed light on the reasons for the beneficial effect of the salts.
A porous spherical hybrid of TiO2 (B)/anatase entwined by graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) was synthesized by a facile and scalable method. The entwining of GNRs can adhere on the surface of TiO2 by electrostatic interactions and prevent TiO2 nanoribbons from self-scrolling to nanotubes, facilitating large lithium storage and high rate capability. The TiO2/GNRs nanocomposite exhibited high rate capability in galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments, providing a capacity of 131 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 99.2% at a charge rate of 10C (1 C = 335 mA g−1) over 1400 cycles. The appealing electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoribbons entwined by GNRs.