batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In a recent meeting of IEA's Annex 23, several members presented their conclusions on the modeling of phase change materials behavior in the context of building applications. These conclusions were in agreement with those of a vast review, involving the survey of more than 250 journal papers, undertaken earlier by the group of École de technologie supérieure. In brief, it can be stated that, at this point, the confidence in reviewed models is too low to use them to predict the future behavior of a building with confidence. Moreover, it was found that overall thermal behaviors of phase change material are poorly known, which by itself creates an intrinsic unknown in any model. Models themselves are most of time suspicious as they are often not tested in a very stringent or exhaustive way. In addition, it also appears that modeling parameters are somewhat too simplified to realistically describe the complete physics needed to predict the real life performance of PCMs added to a building. As a result, steps are now taken to create standard model benchmarks that will improve the confidence of the users. Hopefully, following these efforts, confidence will increase and usage of PCM in buildings should be eased.
Aspen (Populus tremuloides) trees growing under elevated [CO2] at a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) site produced significantly more biomass than control trees. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed increase in biomass by producing transcriptomic profiles of the vascular cambium zone (VCZ) and leaves, and then performed a comparative study to identify significantly changed genes and pathways after 12 years exposure to elevated [CO2]. In leaves, elevated [CO2] enhanced expression of genes related to Calvin cycle activity and linked pathways. In the VCZ, the pathways involved in cell growth, cell division, hormone metabolism, and secondary cell wall formation were altered while auxin conjugation, ABA synthesis, and cytokinin glucosylation and degradation were inhibited. Similarly, the genes involved in hemicellulose and pectin biosynthesis were enhanced, but some genes that catalyze important steps in lignin biosynthesis pathway were inhibited. Evidence from systemic analysis supported the functioning of multiple molecular mechanisms that underpin the enhanced radial growth in response to elevated [CO2].
Voltammetric measurements showed that sodium diphenylamine sulfonate (SDS) could inhibit hydrogen evolution and form complexes with nickel and magnesium ions for Mg–Ni alloy electrodeposition. The characteristics of differential capacity curves from differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry showed that SDS had an absorption effect on the cathode electrode. Steady state cathode polarization of Mg–Ni alloy measurements on rotating disk copper electrodes were performed, the relative results from the polarization curves indicated that SDS acted as a levelling agent. The phases and morphology of Mg–Ni alloy were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A series of spectra showed that phenothiazine codeposited with Mg–Ni alloy. The value 0.9 of H/M (M=Mg–Ni alloy) was determined by pressure–composition isotherm measurements. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy was 388 mAh/g; the decay of discharge capacity was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.
Purpose To review our experience with plasmin-assisted vitrectomy surgery for the treatment of pediatric macular holes. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Thirteen pediatric patients aged one to 15 years with a traumatic macular hole underwent surgical repair. All patients underwent surgery between February 1997 and March 2005 with autologous plasmin enzyme-assisted vitrectomy. After induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas or silicone oil injection were performed followed by prone positioning for seven days. Main outcome measures included anatomic closure rate, visual outcome, and ocular complications. Results The macular hole was closed successfully in 12 (92%) of 13 cases. Of the 12 patients for whom vision could be measured, 11 patients (92%) had visual acuity improvement of 2 or more lines and six patients (50%) achieved vision of 20/50 or better; all of the patients achieved vision better than 20/200. The visual improvement was statistically significant (P = .005, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Surgical complications included cataract formation in one patient and retinal detachment in one patient. Conclusions Autologous plasmin enzyme may be a helpful adjunct when performing vitrectomy for traumatic macular holes.
Unknown This index is in letter-by-letter order, whereby hyphens and spaces within index headings are ignored in the alphabetization, and it is arranged in set-out style, with a maximum of four levels of heading. Location references refer to the volume number, in bold, followed by the page number. Page numbers suffixed by f or t refer to figures or tables respectively.
Infrequent Non-Speech Gestural Activities (IGAs) such as coughing, deglutition and yawning help identify fine-grained physiological symptoms and chronic psychological conditions which are not directly observable from traditional daily activities. We propose a new wearable smart earring which is capable of differentiating IGAs in daily environment with single integrated accelerometer sensor signal processing. Our prior framework, GeSmart, shows significant improvement in IGAs recognition based on smart earring which necessitates users to replace the earring batteries frequently due to its energy hungry requirement (high sampling frequency) towards fine-grained IGAs recognition. In this improved work, we propose a new segmentation technique along with GeSmart which takes the advantages of change-point detection algorithm to segment sensor data streams, feature extraction and classification thus any machine learning technique can perform significantly well in low sampling rate. We also implement a baseline traditional graphical model based gesture recognition techniques and compare their performances with our model in terms of accuracy, energy consumption and degradation of sampling rate scenarios. Experimental results based on real data traces demonstrate that our approach improves the performances significantly compared to previously proposed solutions. We also apply our segmentation technique on two benchmark datasets to prove the superiority of our technique in low sampling rate scenario.
The electrochemical performances of (LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C)//LiV3O8 ARLB in different aqueous electrolyte, i.e. 0.5M Li2SO4, 2M Li2SO4, saturated Li2SO4 with pH value of 7, 2M LiNO3, 5M LiNO3, saturated LiNO3, saturated LiNO3 with pH value of 7, are studied. The results infer that (LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C)//LiV3O8 ARLB in 5M LiNO3 or saturated LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte with pH value of 7 has favorable specific capacity and rate performance. According to the energy density calculations, the electrochemical performance of (LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C)//LiV3O8 ARLB in the saturated LiNO3 with pH value of 7 is better than that in 5M LiNO3 solution.
A consortium composed of Thelma Biotel and Center of Oceanography developed and tested an acoustic 3-axis accelerometer transmitter. The first testing phase took place in experimental tanks and consisted of externally attaching prototype data logging tags in Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and comparing raw logged data with observed behaviours to obtain characteristic accelerometer data patterns that could be assigned to those typical movements. Four behavioural “signatures” were considered, two different burrowing movements, attack towards a prey and general activity. The second phase was the development of a prototype with integrated software capable of identifying those accelerometer typical patterns, process the information and transmit relevant data acoustically. Burrowing movements and activity were detected and transmitted with 100% accuracy while attacks were detected with a 61% successful rate. The third phase took place in the Mira estuary (SW Portugal) with 2 groups (five and six individuals each) of free living toadfish to test the codified acoustic signal transfer from the AccelTag to the acoustic receiver array. The novelty of the AccelTag is that is has the measuring capabilities of an accelerometer archival tag but without the necessity of recapture the tagged fish, since it has the ability of analysing the logged data, extract very detailed species dependent information and transmit the relevant processed data.
In this study, personal values, health, and financial status were investigated as determinants of affective well-being in a sample of 371 recent retirees across 3 years. Personal values, measured with the Portrait Value Questionnaire (Schwartz et al. in J Cross Cult Psychol 32:519–542, 2001), were hypothesized to show direct links to positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) as well as to moderate the association between financial and health status and affective well-being. Using structural equation modeling, higher PA was predicted by female gender, better finances, fewer illnesses, and higher self-transcendence (ST), openness to change (OC), and conservation values. Higher NA was predicted by female gender, lower finances, more illnesses, higher self-enhancement (SE) and lower OC values. SE and OC values also moderated the association between financial status and PA. Longitudinal analyses indicated a relatively stable pattern of associations across 3 years. While the impact of finances on affect was stable over time, the effects of health and values increased across 3 years.
A novel facile hydrothermal modification method is applied to improve the electrochemical performance of the low-cost cathode material Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2, which is primarily prepared by a solid-combustion approach. The material before and after modifying are characterized by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The samples are served as the cathode of lithium-ion batteries and investigated by galvanostatic experiments within a voltage range 2.0–4.8 V (vs. Li/Li+). The results reveal that the electrochemical performance of the Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2 cathode electrode is prominently enhanced after modifying. The significantly improved electrochemical performance of the Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2 cathode is attributed largely to the modification of the surface microstructure and the crystallinity.
This research project is specifically focused on the evaluation of figurative and operational cognitive structures in relation with implemented special educational treatment at the children with visual impairments. The sample was tested by battery U.D.N.80, (Piaget and Inhelder). The evaluated sample includes 71 children with visual impairments at special educational treatment, Belgrade, Serbia. We conclude that there is inhomogeneous achievement of the tested children included in the sample. We can conclude about the necessity of implementation multimodal oriented approach, which focuses the role of special education, behavior modification and cognitive rehabilitation.
There are only few semiconducting materials that have been shaping the progress of third generation photovoltaic cells as much as perovskites. Although they are deceivingly simple in structure, the archetypal AMX3-type perovskites have built-in potential for complex and surprising discoveries. Since 2009, a small and somewhat exotic class of perovskites, which are quite different from the common rock-solid oxide perovskite, have turned over a new leaf in solar cell research. Highlighted as one of the major scientific breakthroughs of the year 2013, the power conversion efficiency of the title compound hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite has now exceeded 18%, making it competitive with thin-film PV technology. In this minireview, a brief history of perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications is reported, the current state-of-the-art is distilled and the basic working mechanisms have been discussed. By analyzing the attainable photocurrent and photovoltage, realizing perovskite solar cells with 20% efficiency for a single junction, and 30% for a tandem configuration on a c-Si solar cell would be realistic.
The rapid expansion of research on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is not only due to the promising solutions offered for persons with physical impairments. There is also a heightened need for understanding BCIs due to the challenges regarding ethics presented by new technology, especially in its impact on the relationship between man and machine. Here we endeavor to present a scoping review of current studies in the field to gain insight into the complexity of BCI use. By examining studies related to BCIs that employ social research methods, we seek to demonstrate the multitude of approaches and concerns from various angles in considering the social and human impact of BCI technology.
Heterostructures composed of reduced graphene oxide and self-organized titania nanotubes (nt-TiO2) are examined as novel electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. The novelty here resides in the deposition of a graphene-like film on self-organized nanotubes and that, as compared with previous materials, the differences in behavior are significant as the heterostructure combines previously reported advantages of self-organized nt-TiO2 with those emerging from the graphene composites. The preparation of this nt-TiO2/graphene hybrid electrode material is described here. The deposition of a graphene film on self-arranged amorphous nt-TiO2 was confirmed by using SEM, Raman spectroscopy and mapping of composition. Lithium test cells display capacities that can exceed 300 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles and that are therefore superior to those of bare nt-TiO2 and anatase or rutile TiO2–graphene hybrid nanostructures. The excellent rate performance of these electrodes makes charge–discharge possible up to at least 300 C-rate. The impedance spectra show that the graphene-like film improves the interface properties in the hybrid electrode. In addition to the environmentally friendly nature of the active electrode material, the moderate working voltage offers an important safety advantage in that it protects the battery from the electroplating phenomena.
Transition metal oxide-based hybrid material systems have been demonstrated to exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, porous ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons have been designed and fabricated by a facile solvothermal method followed by thermal treatment. The unique structures including the heterojunctions between ZnFe2O4 and α-Fe2O3 NPs and the open inter-connected pores are beneficial for the electrochemical performance. When evaluated as an anode material for LIBs, the as-prepared porous ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons show an excellent lithium storage performance. The discharge capacity could reach 1752mAhg−1 after 75 cycles at a current density of 200mAg−1. More importantly, when the current density was increased to as high as 4Ag−1, the ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 electrode can still retain reversible capacity of 1090mAhg−1. The capability and rate performance of the porous ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons both are better than those of bare ZnFe2O4 and α-Fe2O3. The superior lithium storage performance of the porous ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 micro-octahedrons is mainly attributed to their unique composition and microstructure, which not only could provide high conductivity, good Li+ diffusion, and large electrode–electrolyte contact area, but also could reduce volume change during charge/discharge process.
This paper takes the theory of value change as developed by Inglehart as a point of departure and tests its implications for the determinants of human happiness. It investigates whether the importance of post-material concerns for happiness, relative to that of materialist concerns, is indeed higher in rich post-industrial societies. Personal autonomy and job creativity serve as indicators for post-materialist concerns, the income domain as an indicator for materialist concerns. The main assumption is put against data for 48 countries from wave 5 of the World Values Survey, the most recent survey, which covers the full range from poor agrarian to rich post-industrial societies. Employing a multi-level design, the paper indeed reveals a quite consistent pattern towards post-materialist happiness as we move from poor to rich societies. This pattern seems to be driven by both a devalorization of material concerns and a valorization of post-materialist concerns, although the evidence suggests that the former trend is stronger and more linear than the latter.
Thermally regenerative ammonia-based batteries (TRABs) have been developed to harvest low-grade waste heat as electricity. To improve the power production and anodic coulombic efficiency, the use of ethylenediamine as an alternative ligand to ammonia was explored here. The power density of the ethylenediamine-based battery (TRENB) was 85 ± 3 W m−2-electrode area with 2 M ethylenediamine, and 119 ± 4 W m−2 with 3 M ethylenediamine. This power density was 68% higher than that of TRAB. The energy density was 478 Wh m−3-anolyte, which was ∼50% higher than that produced by TRAB. The anodic coulombic efficiency of the TRENB was 77 ± 2%, which was more than twice that obtained using ammonia in a TRAB (35%). The higher anodic efficiency reduced the difference between the anode dissolution and cathode deposition rates, resulting in a process more suitable for closed loop operation. The thermal-electric efficiency based on ethylenediamine separation using waste heat was estimated to be 0.52%, which was lower than that of TRAB (0.86%), mainly due to the more complex separation process. However, this energy recovery could likely be improved through optimization of the ethylenediamine separation process.
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects multiple organs including the brain. TSC is strongly associated with broad neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder symptomatology. Preclinical TSC studies have indicated altered neuronal chloride homeostasis affecting the polarity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic transmission as a potential treatment target. Bumetanide, a selective NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist, may attenuate depolarizing GABA action, and in that way reduce disease burden. In this open-label pilot study, we tested the effect of bumetanide on a variety of neurophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral measures in children with TSC.
Surgery is the treatment of choice for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, such surgery frequently causes deficits in language function, especially if performed on the dominant hemisphere. In recent years, the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) has been gradually replaced by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the preoperative identification of language areas to estimate the risk of postoperative language decline. In this paper, we review the neural substrates for language processing, how language impairment can result both from TLE itself and from surgical attempts to treat it. Subsequently, we discuss the strengths and limitations of, and current indications for fMRI and IAT during the preoperative workup, both by discussion of the studies that have evaluated them individually and through meta-analysis of data from 31 studies deemed eligible for analysis. Electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is also discussed, as is the usefulness of the novel technique of resting-state fMRI. Finally, surgical techniques designed to avoid or reduce language decline in patients at risk are explored.
We describe a three-phase use of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE), to locate, map and photograph previously undiscovered fields of high temperature submarine hydrothermal vents. Our approach represents both a complement to and a significant advance beyond the prior state of the art. Previously, hydrothermal exploration relied upon deep-tow instruments equipped with sensors that could locate sites of active “black smoker” venting to within a few kilometers. Follow-on CTD tow-yos could then resolve the sites of seafloor venting to length scales of less than a kilometer but rarely to better than a few hundreds of meters. In our new approach ABE: (i) uses sensors to locate the center of a dispersing non-buoyant hydrothermal plume 100–400m above the seabed; (ii) makes high-resolution maps of the seafloor beneath the plume center whilst simultaneously detecting interception of any rising, buoyant hydrothermal plumes; and (iii) dives to the seafloor to take photographs in and around any new vent site to characterize its geologic setting and reveal the nature of any chemosynthetic ecosystems it may host. By conducting all of the above under long-baseline navigation, precise sites of venting can be determined to within 5m. Our approach can be used both to address important scientific issues in their own right and to ensure much more efficient use of other deep-submergence assets such as human occupied vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) during follow-on studies.
In this study, 22 children with early left hemisphere (LHD) or right hemisphere (RHD) focal brain lesions (FL, n=14 LHD, n=8 RHD) were administered an English past tense elicitation test (M=6.5 years). Proportion correct and frequency of overregularization and zero-marking errors were compared to age-matched samples of children with specific language impairment (SLI, n=27) and with typical language development (TD, n=27). Similar rates of correct production and error patterns were observed for the children with TD and FL; whereas, children with SLI produced more zero-marking errors than either their FL or TD peers. Performance was predicted by vocabulary level (PPVT-R) for children in all groups, and errors did not differ as a function of lesion side (LHD vs. RHD). Findings are discussed in terms of the nature of brain–language relations and how those relationships develop over the course of language learning.
The genus Erophaca comprises a single herbaceous perennial species with two subspecies distributed at opposite ends of the Mediterranean region. We used nrDNA ITS to investigate the phylogeny of the genus, and AFLP markers (9 primers, 20 populations) to establish the genetic relationship between subspecies, and among populations at each side of the Gibraltar Strait. According to nrDNA ITS, Erophaca is monophyletic, old (Miocene), and sister to the Astragalean clade. Life form attributes and molecular clock estimates suggest that Erophaca is one of the many Tertiary relicts that form part of the present Mediterranean flora. Within the occidental subspecies, European plants are clearly derived from North-African populations (Morocco) which, despite being rare on a regional scale, present the highest genetic diversity (as estimated by private and rare fragment numbers). In general, genetic diversity decreased with increasing distance from Morocco. AFLP and nrDNA ITS markers evidenced that the Eastern and the Western subspecies are genetically distinct. Possible causes for their disjunct distribution are discussed.
Short peptide segments are increasingly found to have critical roles in biological processes but are often difficult to discover. Bioactive peptides can be quickly found through computational approaches, including a new method that has identified several peptides active against platelet function.