batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Novel cathode material compositions based on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) were prepared using conducting polymer dispersion poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and water-based carboxymethylcellulose (СМС) as a binder solely and in mixture PEDOT:PSS/СМС. The electrochemical properties of materials in lithium-ion batteries were investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge curves and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the results were compared with conventional PVDF-bound material. Our best materials consisting of 92wt% of C-LiFePO4, 4wt% of carbon black and 4wt% of conducting polymer binder exhibited excellent rate capability with discharge capacity 148mAhg−1 (at 0.2C, normalized by the electrode mass), 143mAhg−1 at 1C and 128mAhg−1 at 5C as well as good cycling stability at 1C (less than 1% decay after 100 cycles). Impedance spectra of batteries with different compositions were measured and analyzed. Comparison of kinetic parameters obtained for different electrodes revealed main factors responsible for significant improvement of electrochemical performance of LFP-based cathode materials modified with conducting polymer in comparison with conventional electrode. The transition from conventional PVDF-bound LFP-based cathode composition to modified by conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS/CMC was found very effective. The electrode with optimal composition showed substantial decrease of interfacial charge transfer resistance for 30 times, and decrease of Warburg diffusion resistance. The mechanism of positive influence of conducting binder on electrochemical properties of cathode material is discussed.
The capacity to mentally project the self into the future, or what has been termed “episodic foresight” (EpF), is becoming a popular topic of study in developmental psychology. Several theories propose that EpF is related to theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF). However, these links have not been tested using standard behavioral tasks in young children. Accordingly, we administered a battery of EpF, ToM, and EF tasks to 90 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds. After controlling for age and language ability, the EpF tasks were not intercorrelated, nor were they individually related to EF or ToM. As such, this study challenges the claim that EpF, at least as currently assessed in young children, is related to their developing ToM and EF abilities.
In this work we have investigated the suitability of composite electrodes consisting of cup-stacked and bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (CNT) synthesized directly onto a carbon felt for both lithium storage and double-layer capacitance applications. The CNT/felt composite electrode was prepared using catalytic chemical vapor decomposition on the carbon felt. The microstructure of the electrodes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterization of the CNT/felt, either submitted or not to acid treatment for extraction of the catalytic particles used during the CNT growth, was carried out using 1molL−1 LiPF6 in mixtures of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate. The carbon nanotubes loading and the type of CNT, whether open or closed, on the felt were the most significant factors regarding the electrochemical properties of the composite. With respect to the application of the composite to lithium storage, an anomalous behavior in the reversible specific capacity as a function of the current was detected. The capacity was found to be large at higher current values. The best reversible specific capacity was found for the open-CNT/felt (275mAhg−1 at 0.16Ag−1, and 200mAhg−1 at 0.82Ag−1), on an area of 0.634mm2. The double-layer capacitance of the CNT decreased with increasing current. In the case of the open-CNT with a CNT loading of 13.93mg, the composite provided 40.3μFcm2 or about 12Fg−1 at 10mA of polarization current using 1molL−1 LiPF6 in mixtures of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. For the closed-CNT with a CNT loading of 9.3mg, the double-layer capacitance was 30Fg−1 at 20mA in 1M H2SO4.
In this paper, the effort is to study the impact of short-term storage technology in stabilizing the frequency response under increasing wind penetration. The frequency response is studied using Automatic Generation Control (AGC) module, and is quantified in terms of Control Performance Standards (CPS). The single area IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) was chosen, and battery storage was integrated within the AGC. The battery proved to reduce the frequency deviations and provide good CPS scores with higher penetrations of wind. The results also discuss the ability of the short term storage to benefit the system by reducing the hourly regulation deployment and the cycling undergone by conventional units, by dint of their fast response; and sheds light on the economic implications of their benefits.
Spinel LiMn2O4 was prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. Cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge/discharge testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were employed to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of LiMn2O4 in 1 M Li2SO4 aqueous solution. Two redox couples at ESCE = 0.78/0.73 and 0.91/0.85 V were observed, corresponding to those found at ELi/Li+= 4.05/3.95 and 4.06/4.18 V in organic electrolyte. The discharge capacity of pristine LiMn2O4 in aqueous electrolyte was 57.57 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention of the electrode is 53.7 % after 60 cycles. Only one semicircle emerged in EIS at different potentials in aqueous electrolyte, while three semicircles were observed in organic electrolytes. There was no solid electrolyte interface film on the surface of spinel LiMn2O4 electrode in aqueous electrolyte. The change of kinetic parameters of lithium ion insertion in spinel LiMn2O4 with potential in aqueous electrolyte for initial charge process was discussed in detail, and a suitable model was proposed to explain the impedance response of the insertion materials of lithium ion batteries in different electrolytes.
Novel cellulose-derived lithium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Li) was synthesized using cotton as the raw material. Properties of electrospun CMC-Li-modified electrode materials and CMC-Li binders are described in this study. CMC-Li/Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) composite fibers and CMC-Li nanofibers were successfully obtained by electrospinning. Next, CMC-Li/LFP nano-composite fibers were carbonized under nitrogen at a high-temperature to form carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon nanofiber/lithium iron phosphate/lithium-Ion compound (CNF/LFP/Li, CLL) composite nanofibers were formed as the cathode material. CMC-Li was investigated as a novel water-soluble binder. Compared with conventional poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binders, the CMC-Li binder significantly improved cycling performance of the LFP cathode with 97.5% of retention of initial reversible capacity after 200 cycles at 175 mAh g−1. Constant current charge-discharge test results demonstrated that the CLL electrodes with CMC-Li binders have the highest rate capability of those tested in this study. This approach enables increased Li+ contents with improved diffusion efficiency and specific capacity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize material performance. The batteries demonstrated good electrochemical properties, excellent stability and outstanding pollution-free performance.
Microsized battery anodes such as silicon offer cost advantages over nanosized counterparts but suffer from poor cycling stability. Now, an electrolyte design is reported to enable a LiF-rich solid–electrolyte interphase that stabilizes microsized silicon over a reasonably long cycle life.
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for portable energy storage in space power and consumer electronics applications. While the performance of these batteries is mainly depended upon the electrochemical aspects and contact electrical resistance of the cell stack, issues relating to contact thermal resistance between various layers of the cell stack could become more relevant under high rate of charge/discharge and extreme temperature operating conditions. An experimental program was carried out to establish the contact thermal resistance of a typical cell stack comprising graphite-coated copper anode, lithium cobalt oxide-coated aluminum cathode, polyethylene/polypropylene separator and electrolyte under various contact pressures and temperatures. The cell stack was not electrically charged or discharged during present experiments. Tests were conducted over a range of temperatures from −20 to 50°C and pressures from 0 to 250psi (1.72MPa). The results show that, in general, resistance increases with decreasing pressure and the effect is significant when the pressure is reduced below 100psi. Damage to the separator due to hot spots was observed at interface temperatures greater than 80°C. Present results indicate that extreme operating temperatures may affect the performance of Li-ion batteries.
The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is responsible for the death of millions of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies worldwide. Testing potential miticide compounds with different delivery methods that effectively control V. destructor and have low toxicity for honey bees is crucial to manage this parasite in hives. We determined the varroacide efficacy of three natural compounds delivered to hives with three application methods over a 4-week period. Oxalic acid in a sucrose solution was applied impregnated in cardboard (T1). A mixture of oregano and clove oils in an ethanol-gelatin solution was applied impregnated in absorbent pads (T2). Oregano oil alone was delivered using electric vaporizers (T3) to test the hypothesis that continuous release of miticides increases the varroacidal efficacy of essential oils. The varroa mite control rates for treatments T1–T3 were 76.5 ± 7.11, 57.8 ± 12.79 and 97.4 ± 0.68%, respectively, and there were no differences for bee mortality between control and treatments 1 and 3. Additionally, most mites were killed in the first 2 weeks in T3 colonies compared to the last 2 weeks in colonies of the other treatments. These results demonstrate the importance of continuously releasing natural miticides to achieve safe and high rates of mite control in hives. They also show that oregano oil may be an effective miticide against V. destructor infestations in colonies.
The Cr3+-functionalized additive is tested to overcome the zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution issue in ZnBr flow battery, which lead to system instability and pH increase of electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are investigated to analyze the distribution of electrodeposits. The battery performance is evaluated by the concentration of chromium. As the content of Cr3+ increased, the battery shows higher average coulombic efficiency and the rise rate in the pH of electrolyte has been greatly alleviated. For these reasons, we propose the Cr3+ is the promising additive for dendrite-free and high performance of ZnBr flow battery.
Evidence shows that cognitive remediation therapy improves cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. However, its broader impact on patients’ lives remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the motivational factors influencing treatment engagement. This quantitative and qualitative case series study identified factors that influence patients’ experiences while receiving cognitive enhancement therapy (CET). Nine individuals with schizophrenia who received CET completed two questionnaires and participated in semi-structured focus groups or in an individual interview about their experience with CET. Four deductive themes were assessed when analyzing responses: (1) perceived impact, (2) motivational facilitators, (3) motivational barriers, and (4) suggestions to improve CET. All participants reported that CET was helpful, and the majority enjoyed participating in CET. Most participants reported high satisfaction with their work and school, but lower satisfaction with their social life. Results also indicated perceived improvements in negative symptoms, neurocognition, and confidence following CET. Participants identified extrinsic, intrinsic, and program-specific facilitators and barriers motivating their participation in the program. Suggestions to improve CET included changes to treatment design and content. Altogether, these results indicate that the perspective of CET end users can provide useful information on the factors influencing treatment engagement, satisfaction, and perceived impact.
The effect of the charging protocol on the cycle life of a commercial 18650 Li-ion cell was studied using three methods: (1) constant current (CC) charging, (2) constant power (CP) charging, and (3) multistage constant current (MCC) charging. The MCC-charging consists of two CC steps, which starts with a low current to charge the initial 10% capacity followed by a high current charging until the cell voltage reaches 4.2V. Using these methods, respectively, the cell was charged to 4.2V followed by a constant voltage (CV) charging until the current declined to 0.05C. Results showed that the cycle life of the cell strongly depended on the charging protocol even if the same charging rate was used. Among these three methods, the CC-method was found to be more suitable for slow charging (0.5C) while the CP-method was better for fast charging (1C). Impedance analyses indicated that the capacity loss during cycling was mainly attributed to the increase of charge-transfer resistance as a result of the progressive growth of surface layers on the surface of two electrodes. Fast charging resulted in an accelerated capacity fading due to the loss of Li+ ions and the related growth of a surface layer, which was associated with metallic lithium plating onto the anode and a high polarization at the electrolyte–electrode interface. Analyses of the cell electrochemistry showed that use of a reduced current to charge the initial 10% capacity and near the end of charge, respectively, was favorable for long cycle life.
Extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates report numerous episodes of both successful and unsuccessful dieting attempts, but little is known about the clinical significance of frequent dieting attempts in this patient group.
The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates creation of smart spaces by converting existing environments into sensor-rich data-centric cyber-physical systems with an increasing degree of automation, giving rise to Industry 4.0. When adopted in commercial/industrial contexts, this trend is revolutionising many aspects of our everyday life, including the way people access and receive healthcare services. As we move towards Healthcare Industry 4.0, the underlying IoT systems of Smart Healthcare spaces are growing in size and complexity, making it important to ensure that extreme amounts of collected data are properly processed to provide valuable insights and decisions according to requirements in place. This paper focuses on the Smart Healthcare domain and addresses the issue of data fusion in the context of IoT networks, consisting of edge devices, network and communications units, and Cloud platforms. We propose a distributed hierarchical data fusion architecture, in which different data sources are combined at each level of the IoT taxonomy to produce timely and accurate results. This way, mission-critical decisions, as demonstrated by the presented Smart Healthcare scenario, are taken with minimum time delay, as soon as necessary information is generated and collected. The proposed approach was implemented using the Complex Event Processing technology, which natively supports the hierarchical processing model and specifically focuses on handling streaming data ‘on the fly’—a key requirement for storage-limited IoT devices and time-critical application domains. Initial experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach enables fine-grained decision taking at different data fusion levels and, as a result, improves the overall performance and reaction time of public healthcare services, thus promoting the adoption of the IoT technologies in Healthcare Industry 4.0.
The direct utilization of carbonaceous fuels is examined in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a molten Sb anode at 973 K. It is demonstrated that the anode operates by oxidation of metallic Sb at the electrolyte interface, with the resulting Sb2O3 being reduced by the fuel in a separate step. Although the Nernst Potential for the Sb-Sb2O3 mixture is only 0.75 V, the electrode resistance associated with molten Sb is very low, approximately 0.06 Ωcm2, so that power densities greater than 350 mW cm−2 were achieved with an electrolyte-supported cell made from Sc-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ). Temperature programmed reaction measurements of Sb2O3 with sugar char, rice starch, carbon black, and graphite showed that the Sb2O3 is readily reduced by a range of carbonaceous solids at typical SOFC operating conditions. Finally, stable operation with a power density of 300 mW cm−2 at a potential of 0.5 V is demonstrated for operation on sugar char.
Three-dimensional porous Sn thin film electrodes were prepared by electroless deposition on copper foam, then its morphology and electrochemical property were studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical cycling test and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The porous framework and micro-holes have shown a great structure advantage in restricting severe volume changes when the Sn thin film was employed as anode for lithium-ion battery. The film electrode of sample C with an initial capacity of 676mAhg−1 showed good cycle performance displayed by retaining a capacity of 313mAhg−1 after 100 cycles.
Li2FeSiO4/amorphous carbon/reduced graphene oxide (LFS/C/rGO) was synthesized from nano-SiO2, rGO, Li2CO3, FeC2O4·2H2O and ammonium citrate by a facile solid-state reaction method. Electrical conductivity tests and charge-discharge voltage profiles indicate LFS/C/rGO with 20wt.% rGO shows the highest electrical conductivity and highest discharge capacity of 191.6 mAh g−1. XRD results reveal rGO can promote the Li2FeSiO4 crystalline grain growing, especially the (210) crystal face growing. SEM results indicate a more valid conductive network is formed in LFS/C/rGO. TEM image shows the good crystalline of LFS in LFS/C/rGO composite. FT-IR spectrum indicates that 1638cm−1 peak of rGO's C=C bonds are observed in LFS/C/rGO and all typical characteristic absorption peaks of LFS/C/rGO exhibit blue shifts compared to that of LFS/C. The electrochemical measurements illustrate that LFS/C/rGO has much better electrochemical performance than that of LFS/C. The main reason might be attributed to the more valid conductive network formed by amorphous carbon and rGO.
This preliminary prospective study to determine the rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) examined 277 patients undergoing total knee or total hip arthroplasty (TKA or THA) who were randomized to use a portable, continuous enhanced circulation therapy (CECT) compression device and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or to receive LMWH alone. Patients were screened for DVT using duplex ultrasound at hospital discharge and followed clinically for 3 months. In TKA, 5 DVTs (6.6%) occurred in the CECT + LMWH group compared with one pulmonary embolism and 14 DVTs (19.5%) in the LMWH group (P = .018). In THA, 1 DVT (1.5%) occurred in the CECT + LMWH group and 2 DVTs (3.4%) occurred in the LMWH group. This preliminary study demonstrated significant reduction in rate of DVT after TKA when the CECT device was combined with LMWH.
This paper introduces a new design route to fabricate nickel aluminum-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanosheets/hollow carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composite through an in situ growth method. The NiAl-LDH thin layers which grow on hollow carbon nanofibers have an average thickness of 13.6 nm. The galvanostatic charge–discharge test of the NiAl-LDH/CNFs composite yields an impressive specific capacitance of 1613 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH solution, the composite shows a remarkable specific capacitance of 1110 F g−1 even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the composite remains a specific capacitance of 1406 F g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, indicating the composite has excellent high-current capacitive behavior and good cycle stability in compared to pristine NiAl-LDH.
Two patients are described with grammatical class dissociation: CG, a semantic-dementia patient who presented a disproportionate impairment of nouns compared to verbs; SA, a patient with a left parietal lesion who presented impaired sentence production and a disproportionate deficit for verbs compared to nouns. The results are discussed within the current models on semantic memory and lexical access.
Background Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in aging Western societies. The objective of the lutein antioxidant supplementation trial (LAST) is to determine whether nutritional supplementation with lutein or lutein together with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, improves visual function and symptoms in atrophic ARMD. Methods The study was a prospective, 12-month, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial conducted at an urban midwestern Veterans Administration Hospital from August 1999 to May 2001. Ninety patients with atrophic ARMD were referred by ophthalmologists at two Chicago-area veterans medical facilities. Patients in Group 1 received lutein 10 mg (L); in Group 2, a lutein 10 mg/antioxidants/vitamins and minerals broad spectrum supplementation formula (L/A); and in Group 3, a maltodextrin placebo (P) over 12 months. Results In Groups 1L and 2 L/A, mean eye macular pigment optical density increased approximately 0.09 log units from baseline, Snellen equivalent visual acuity improved 5.4 letters for Group 1 L and 3.5 letters for Group 2 L/A, and contrast sensitivity improved. There was a net subjective improvement in Amsler grid in Group 1L. VFQ—14 questionnaires concerning subjective glare recovery were nearly significant at 4 months for Group 2 L/A. Patients who received the placebo (Group 3) had no significant changes in any of the measured findings. Conclusion In this study, visual function is improved with lutein alone or lutein together with other nutrients. Further studies are needed with more patients, of both genders, and for longer periods of time to assess long-term effects of lutein or lutein together with a broad spectrum of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in the treatment of atrophic age-related macular degeneration.
A multidoped spinel, LiCo x Ni y Mn2−x−y O4 (x=y=0.1), that is of interest as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries has been synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods. Electrochemical experiments show that compared with Ni-doped spinel, Co-doped spinel delivers higher initial capacity, but its rate capability is poor. It is interesting to note that the initial capacity is enhanced, significantly when Co is doped into the Ni-doped spinel LiMn2O4, while the rate capability is retained. In other words, the multidoped spinel, LiCo x Ni y Mn2−x−y O4 shows the best features of the single-doped spinels, LiCo x Mn2−x O4 and LiNi y Mn2−y O4. Voltage versus capacity studies indicate that the phase transitions are reduced significantly for the multidoped spinel, LiCo x Ni y Mn2−x−y O4, during charging and discharging. X-ray diffraction data reveal that the diffraction peak intensity ratio of the typical peaks for the cubic phase (311) and (400), does not change after charging for the multidoped spinel, LiCo x Ni y Mn2−x−y O4. This suggests that cation disordering is completely prevented in this multidoped spinel material.