batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sodium layered oxide materials have shown excellent performance as cathodes in sodium ion batteries, due to their flexibility, versatility, and intrinsically fast Na ion structural diffusion which leads to enhanced rate capability. In this work, we have examined two strategies to mitigate Jahn-Teller distortion and boost the performance of these systems: substituting with electrochemically active (e.g. Fe) and doping with electrochemically inactive materials (e.g. Zn). Here, Mn-rich P2- phase Na2/3Mn0.8M0.1M′0.1O2 (M, M’ = Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ti4+) materials are synthesized from earth abundant precursors, via solid state-reaction, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and solid state NMR. The materials demonstrated a superior combination of capacity retention (74–94%) and specific charge at C/10 (∼130–159 mAh g−1) and 1C (∼87–101 mAh g−1) in the studied voltage window (2–4 V vs. Na+/Na). Thus, this work represents not only a new family of high-performance materials, but also validation for the rational design approaches used herein.
There is enormous interest in the use of graphene-based materials for energy storage. This article discusses the progress that has been accomplished in the development of chemical, electrochemical, and electrical energy storage systems using graphene. We summarize the theoretical and experimental work on graphene-based hydrogen storage systems, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors. Even though the research on the use of graphene for energy storage began very recently, the explosive growth of the research conducted in this area makes this minireview timely.
To develop high-performance anode materials of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for practical high energy application, a grain boundaries enriched hierarchically mesoporous MnO/C microsphere composite has been fabricated by an in-situ carbonization process. The mesoporous MnO/C microsphere is constructed by abundant grains and grain boundaries that are uniformly embedded in a carbon matrix. Such unique nanoarchitecture exhibits high tap density and structural stability, and provides 3D continuous transport pathways for electrons and Li-ions, enabling high electrochemical stability and improved lithium storage kinetics. As a consequence, the mesoporous MnO/C electrode delivers ever-increasing specific capacity (1200mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 100mAg−1) and excellent rate capability (588mAhg−1 at 2Ag−1). Such superior lithium storage performance suggests that the hierarchically mesoporous MnO/C microsphere electrode should be one of the most promising anode materials for electric vehicle and grid energy storage application.
Developing high-performance electrode structures is of great importance for advanced lithium-ion batteries. This study reports an efficient method to fabricate hierarchical shell/core CuO nanowire/carbon fiber composites via electroless plating and thermal oxidation processes. With this method, a binder-free CuO nanowire/carbon fiber shell/core hierarchical network composite anode for lithium-ion batteries is successfully fabricated. The morphology and chemical composition of the anode are characterized, and the electrochemical performance of the anode is investigated by standard electrochemical tests. Owing to the superior properties of carbon fibers and the morphological advantages of CuO nanowires, this composite anode still retains an excellent reversible capacity of 598.2mAhg−1 with a capacity retention rate above 86%, even after 50 cycles, which is much higher than the CuO anode without carbon fibers. Compared to the typical CuO/C electrode systems, the novel binder-free anode yields a performance close to that of the typical core/shell electrode systems and a much higher reversible capacity and capacity retention than the similar shell/core patterns as well as the anodes with binders. It is believed that this novel anode will pave the way to the development of binder-free anodes in response to the increasing demands for high-power energy storage.
Objective Event-related potentials (ERPs) show promise as markers of neurocognitive dysfunction, but conventional recording procedures render measurement of many ERP-based neurometrics clinically impractical. The purpose of this work was (a) to develop a brief neurometric battery capable of eliciting a broad profile of ERPs in a single, clinically practical recording session, and (b) to evaluate the sensitivity of this neurometric profile to age-related changes in brain function. Methods Nested auditory stimuli were interleaved with visual stimuli to create a 20-min battery designed to elicit at least eight ERP components representing multiple sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processes (Frequency & Gap MMN, P50, P3, vMMN, C1, N2pc, and ERN). Data were recorded from 21 younger and 21 high-functioning older adults. Results Significant multivariate differences were observed between ERP profiles of younger and older adults. Metrics derived from ERP profiles could be used to classify individuals into age groups with a jackknifed classification accuracy of 78.6%. Conclusions Results support the utility of this design for neurometric profiling in clinical settings. Significance This study demonstrates a method for measuring a broad profile of ERP-based neurometrics in a single, brief recording session. These markers may be used individually or in combination to characterize/classify patterns of sensory and/or perceptual brain function in clinical populations.
Purpose In our initial study of the potential effects of cholesterol-lowering interventions on cognitive functioning, treatment with lovastatin as compared with placebo caused performance decrements on several neuropsychological tests, whereas scores on other tests were unaffected. The current study was designed to confirm and extend those findings. Methods The study comprised 308 hypercholesterolemic adults between 35 and 70 years of age. Employing a randomized double-blind design, we assigned participants to daily treatment with placebo, 10 mg of simvastatin, or 40 mg of simvastatin for 6 months. A neuropsychological test battery was administered to assess cognitive functioning at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Results A total of 283 subjects completed the study: 94 subjects on placebo, 96 taking 10 mg of simvastatin, and 93 taking 40 mg of simvastatin. Compared with placebo, decremental effects of simvastatin treatment were found on tests previously observed to be sensitive to statins (P = 0.008; difference in summary z scores = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07 to 0.29) and on tests not previously administered (P = 0.04; difference in summary z scores = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.29), but not on tests previously observed to be insensitive to statins (P = 0.84; difference in summary z scores = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.10). For the three tests specifically affected by simvastatin, effects on cognitive performance were small, manifest only as failure to improve during the 6 months of treatment (compared with placebo), and were confounded by baseline differences on one test. Conclusion This study provides partial support for minor decrements in cognitive functioning with statins. Whether such effects have any long-term sequelae or occur with other cholesterol-lowering interventions is not known.
Red phosphorus is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost and superior theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh g−1. However, intrinsically inferior conductivity and huge volume changes during sodiation/desodiation processes hinder its practical application. Herein, we report an integrated red phosphorus/N-doped biomass carbon composite via filling red phosphorus nano-particles into the nano-pores of N-doped carbon derived from a renewable coconut shell biomass. In the rational structural design, N-doped biomass carbon serves as hard template for embedding red phosphorus nano-particles, buffers the volume expansion of red phosphorus during sodiation processes, and enhances the conductivity of composite. The composite delivers a high reversible capacity of 2481 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 with a higher 89% initial coulombic efficiency. When the current density increases by 100 times to 5000 mA g−1, the capacity can remain 855 mAh g−1. Moreover, the composite maintains a reversible capacity of 1857 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, and 845 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles. This work introduces abundant biomass into application of high performance electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
The issues surrounding the application of fuel cells for road transportation are evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the candidate fuel-cell systems and the various fuels are discussed, together with the issue of whether the fuel should be converted directly in the fuel cell or should be first converted to hydrogen on-board the vehicle. Developments in competing vehicles technologies, namely, internal-combustion-engined vehicles (ICEVs), pure-battery vehicles (EVs) and ICE–battery hybrid vehicles (HEVs) are reviewed. Finally, the impact of the introduction of fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) on industry, and in particular on the oil and automotive industries, is examined. For FCVs to compete successfully with conventional ICEVs, it is concluded that direct-conversion fuel cells — using probably hydrogen, but possibly methanol — are the only realistic contenders for road transportation applications.
Platinised titanium mesh is a common electrode material in industrial electrolytic cells and Ce-based redox flow batteries. In this work, the electrodeposition of platinum on a stack of titanium micromeshes is performed from a flowing alkaline solution in a rectangular channel, divided flow cell. The morphology and distribution of the resulting platinum deposits are studied by SEM, EDS mapping and X-ray computed tomography. The active surface area of the electrode was assessed from the charge transfer current for the reduction of Ce(IV) ions and compared to that of planar and expanded metal mesh electrodes. The surface area was estimated by hydrogen electrosorption relative to that at a planar Pt/Ti electrode. As expected from the potential drop within the electrode channel, the individual micromesh near the cell separator showed a higher platinum content. Pt/Ti micromesh offers an extended surface area and enhanced mass transport compared to planar electrodes and conventional expanded metal mesh anodes. The applications for these and alternative electrode structures are discussed.
Résumé Le manque du mot, bien que présent dans plusieurs pathologies développementales, est à l’heure actuelle un trouble langagier peu diagnostiqué chez l’enfant. Ce type de difficultés d’accès lexical n’est que rarement mis en évidence, entre autres, par manque d’outils d’évaluation. Cette étude présente, d’une part, des épreuves informatisées pour évaluer les difficultés d’accès lexical chez l’enfant, et, d’autre part, des données récoltées auprès d’enfants de sept à 12 ans. Ces données sont destinées à permettre la mise en évidence d’un éventuel manque du mot chez l’enfant.
At present, the topic of building high-performance, miniaturized and mechanically flexible energy storage modules which can be directly integrated into textile based wearable electronics is a hotspot in the wearable technology field. In this paper, we reported a highly flexible fiber-shaped electrode fabricated through a one-step convenient hydrothermal process. The prepared graphene hydrogels/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-cotton thread derived from natural cotton thread is electrochemically active and mechanically strong. Fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on the prepared fiber electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol-H3PO4 gel electrolyte exhibits good capacitive performance (97.73 μF cm−1 at scan rate of 2 mV s−1), long cycle life (95.51% capacitance retention after 8000 charge-discharge cycles) and considerable stability (90.75% capacitance retention after 500 continuous bending cycles). Due to its good mechanical and electrochemical properties, the graphene hydrogels/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-cotton thread based all-solid fiber-shaped supercapacitor can be directly knitted into fabrics and maintain its original capacitive performance. Such a low-cost textile thread based versatile energy storage device may hold great potential for future wearable electronics applications.
High electrocatalytic activity of an electropolymerized film of poly(3-methoxythiophene) (PMOT) is reported toward the redox reaction of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) as a promising cathode material for the lithium ion battery. Cyclic voltammetry showed improved electrochemical performance of DMcT on PMOT-coated Pt electrode, indicating accelerated redox kinetics. Moreover, charge-discharge tests exhibited higher discharge capacity and slower capacity fading of the PMOT-doped DMcT composite cathode compared with pure DMcT.
The lithium/sulfur couple is garnering tremendous interest as the next-generation of cost-efficient rechargeable battery systems capable to fulfill emerging energy storage demands. However, the viable commercialization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is still an obstacle by fast capacity fading and poor cycling stability mostly caused by the polysulfide shuttle and active sulfur material loss. In this contribution, we show that the surface modification of the commercial polypropylene separator with a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon enhances the interfacial interaction between the N-dopants on carbon-coating and the sulfur-related species by coupling interactions. These unique physical and interfacial chemical properties of the N-doped mesoporous carbon-coating promote the chemical adsorption and confinement of lithium (poly)sulfide intermediates in the cathode side, improving the active material utilization and hence the overall electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries: high initial discharge capacity of 1364 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and notable cycling stability with high reversible capacity of 566 mAh g−1 and negligible degradation rate of 0.037% after 1200 cycles at 0.5C. Furthermore, despite the use of a simple-mixed sulfur-carbon black cathode with high-sulfur loading of 3.95 mg cm−2, the cell with a hybrid separator delivers a high areal capacity of ∼3 mAh cm−2.
In this paper, polystyrene(PS)/n-dotriacontane(Dot) composite nanoencapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) for thermal energy storage was synthesized by a facile and time-saving ultrasonically initiated miniemulsion polymerization method. The influences of ultrasonic factors including ultrasonic power output, time and temperature, the ratio of composite emulsifiers composed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly-(ethylene glycol) monooctylphenyl ether (OP-10), as well as the Dot/styrene ratio on the z-average particle size, conversion, encapsulation efficiency and the phase change enthalpy of NEPCM were systematically investigated. The morphology, chemical structure and thermal performance of NEPCM were characterized by particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. The results showed that the ultrasonic technique can be successfully applied for the synthesis of PS/Dot NEPCM with high conversion (95.02%) and excellent encapsulation efficiency (61.23%) in a relatively short reaction time (35min). The synthesized composite nanocapsules with uniform spherical core/shell structure and z-average particle size of 168.2nm, had a high latent heat capacity (Tm 70.9°C, 174.8J/g) and good thermal stability, which indicates that it has great potential for the thermal energy storage.
LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.15Mn1.85O4 were synthesized via the sol–gel process using citric acid as the chelating agent, followed by sintering at various temperatures. The electronic and atomic structures of LiMn2O4 and LiAl0.15Mn1.85O4 powders were probed by means of Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Al-doping was found to promote the sintering of spinel LiMn2O4 so that the degree of structural disorder around Mn atoms in LiAl0.15Mn1.85O4 becomes lower than that of LiMn2O4, leading to an excellent capacity retention of this cathode material for lithium battery in charge–discharge cycle.
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital anomaly in which the hyaloid vasculature persists beyond fetal life. In cases in which cataract is associated with PHPV, intraoperative bleeding is a potential complication during cataract surgery. The pars plana approach along with endocoagulation has been used in such cases. We describe an alternative approach using a Fugo plasma blade via an anterior route. This approach provides better control over the posterior capsulotomy along with minimal traction over the retina and, most important, hemostasis during surgery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Recent advances in understanding relationships between spectral reflectance of vegetation canopies and the structural and physiological drivers of canopy-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange highlight the potential for using narrowband spectral vegetation indices to spatially scale CO2 fluxes beyond the area of a tower footprint. However, ground reference observations of narrowband spectral reflectance in support of satellite observations can be challenging to obtain because (1) automated sampling of both upwelling and downwelling radiation is required over extended time periods to characterize diurnal and seasonal variability, (2) hyperspectral spectroradiometer data and hardware can be sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature and moisture, and (3) hyperspectral spectroradiometers are expensive, greatly limiting prospects for widespread automated sampling. We have therefore developed the QuadPod: a simple, lightweight, relatively low cost and low power sensor capable of continuously measuring upwelling and downwelling radiation in 10nm wavebands centered at 532nm, 568nm, 676nm, and 800nm. QuadPod measurements can be combined to calculate spectral reflectance indices (e.g., the photochemical reflectance index, PRI; and the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) useful for modeling canopy-atmosphere carbon exchange. The basic QuadPod instrument design described here can be implemented using any combination of optical filters in order to calculate other spectral vegetation indices.
Tin oxide (SnO2) powders with a particle size of ∼20nm were synthesized by a gas condensation method. Ruthenium oxide was loaded by an incipient-wetness method, in which an aqueous solution of RuCl3 was added to the manufactured SnO2 powder in an amount that was just sufficient to wet completely the powder. And then, the resulting solution was obtained after freeze-drying to synthesis the smallest particle. The as-synthesized SnO2 powder with 1.5wt.% ruthenium oxide (RuO2) exhibited well-developed facets and had a very uniform particle size. The first discharge capacity was lower than comparing to commercial powder because of forming the second phase, but showed good cyclability. A maximum specific electrode capacitance of ∼20F/g and a maximum specific power of ∼80W/kg were achieved by manufactured SnO2 with 1.5wt.% RuO2. This result indicated that the synthesized SnO2–RuO2 composite powder of nano-size scale is candidate for use in fabricating monolithic hybrid batteries using suitable electrolyte as well.
Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanograins were in situ grown on chemically activated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and anchored with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to form a ternary nanocomposite (MWCNT-Co3O4-Ag) by simple single step hydrothermal route. The structural crystallinity and successful synthesis of MWCNT-Co3O4-Ag nanocomposite were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology, homogeneity, specific surface area and crystallinity were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with mapping, Brunauer Emmett Teller and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted in 1 M KOH electrolyte to analyze electrochemical performance of the prepared samples as an electrode material for supercapattery. The MWCNT-Co3O4-Ag nanocomposite witnessed the maximum specific capacity of 83.88 Cg-1 at 0.6 Ag-1 which is substantially higher than MWCNT-Co3O4 (55.33 Cg-1) and Co3O4 nanograins (39.24 Cg-1) in standard three electrode cell system. The remarkable electrochemical performance of ternary nanocomposite was associated with the effect of Co3O4 nanograins, conductive platform provided by the MWCNT and synergistic effect of Ag nanoparticles. The supercapattery devices were fabricated in a configuration of MWCNT-Co3O4-Ag//activated carbon. The hybrid device was capable to operate in stable potential window of 1.5 V even at higher scan rates. It was observed that the fabricated supercapattery showed an energy density of 16.5 Whkg−1 with power density of 297.5 Wkg-1 at current density of 0.2 Ag-1. Additionally, life cycle test revealed that supercapattery was highly stable and lost only 6.4% of its initial capacity after 3000 cycles.
A technical research study was developed for testing the decontamination using chemical gels. The study was realized for different type of samples, systems often encountered in the VVR-S nuclear research reactor from Magurele–Romania. The results obtained in the study have demonstrated that the decontamination gels could be an efficient way to reduce or to eliminate the surface contamination of buildings or equipment’s, minimizing the potential for spreading contamination during decommissioning activities.
This paper assesses the potential of ultrasonic desorption of toxic heavy metal Ni(II) from bentonite for regeneration purposes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the desorption of Ni(II) retained on bentonite by varying the amount of adsorbent, contact time, pH and ultrasound time. The results indicated that in the present experimental setup, the pH and the ultrasound time were the most significant variables affecting Ni(II) desorption from bentonite. Based on statistical analysis, the Ni(II) desorption model was highly significant with very low p-values (<0.0001) and the optimal control parameters were determined as follows: solid/liquid ratio (0.5g/mL), contact time (6h), pH (3.37) and ultrasound time (30min). The experimental value of desorption percentage (59.4%) for regeneration of bentonite under the optimum conditions is in agreement with the predicted value of 64.5%.
Well-prepared pristine Li2ZnTi3O8 has a great potential to be employed as anode material, which possesses a lager lithium intercalation capacity and excellent rate performance for Li-ion batteries because of its higher electronic conductivity. To obtain an optimal preparation condition, the Li2ZnTi3O8 anode materials were prepared and annealed in air and nitrogen atmospheres for comparison. To our surprise, Li2ZnTi3O8 materials annealed in nitrogen atmosphere exhibits excellent stable cycling life and rate performance indicated by a higher reversible capacity of 181.9 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 because it can introduce the oxygen defect and improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity. These superior electrochemical performances are primarily attributed to the ameliorated electronic conductivity, which derives from the change of Ti valence from +4 to +3. Besides, a novel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li2ZnTi3O8 full cell is configured and it exhibits good rate capacity under 2.0–4.6 V at different charge rates and discharged at 2.0 A g−1. This full cell system exhibits excellent capacity at the high charge and discharge rates and it could be suitable candidate for application in the large capacity storage devices. Moreover, it can also be widely used in the field of the fast charge and discharge electronic products.