batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
We report on three experiments that provide a real-time processing perspective on the poor comprehension of Broca’s aphasic patients for non-canonically structured sentences. In the first experiment we presented sentences (via a Cross Modal Lexical Priming (CMLP) paradigm) to Broca’s patients at a normal rate of speech. Unlike the pattern found with unimpaired control participants, we observed a general slowing of lexical activation and a concomitant delay in the formation of syntactic dependencies involving “moved” constituents and empty elements. Our second experiment presented these same sentences at a slower rate of speech. In this circumstance, Broca’s patients formed syntactic dependencies as soon as they were structurally licensed (again, a different pattern from that demonstrated by the unimpaired control group). The third experiment used a sentence-picture matching paradigm to chart Broca’s comprehension for non-canonically structured sentences (presented at both normal and slow rates). Here we observed significantly better scores in the slow rate condition. We discuss these findings in terms of the functional commitment of the left anterior cortical region implicated in Broca’s aphasia and conclude that this region is crucially involved in the formation of syntactically-governed dependency relations, not because it supports knowledge of syntactic dependencies, but rather because it supports the real-time implementation of these specific representations by sustaining, at the least, a lexical activation rise-time parameter.
The 2,3,7,8-tetracyano-1,4,5,6,9,10-hexazaanthracene (TCAA) derivatives represent an interesting substance class for future research on organic electronic devices, such as solar cells, organic batteries or redox-flow batteries (RFBs). Because of their multivalent redox behavior they are potentially “bipolar”, usable both as cathode and anode activ charge-storage materials. Furthermore, they show a strong absorption and fluorescence behavior both in solution and solid state, rendering them a promising emitter for electroluminescence devices, like lamps or displays. In order to evaluate a TCAA for electrochemical applications the derivative 2,3,7,8-tetracyano-5,10-diphenyl-5,10-dihydrodipyrazino[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine (2) was synthesized in two straightforward synthesis steps. The electrochemical behavior of 2 was initially determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and afterwards investigated via rotating disc electrode (RDE), UV–vis–NIR spectroelectrochemical as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. It features a quasi-reversible oxidation and re-reduction at E½ =1.42 V vs. Fc+/Fc with a peak split of 96mV and a quasi-reversible reduction and re-oxidation at E½ =−1.49 V vs. Fc+/Fc with a peak split of 174 mV, which lead to a theoretical potential difference of 2.91 V.
This paper presents the research and development of β″-Al2O3 ceramic electrolytes for sodium sulfur battery applications in the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS). The process to prepare large size β″-Al2O3 ceramic tubes is described. Composite electrolytes with ZrO2 as second phase additives are introduced. The strengthening and toughening effects of the second phase are significant. The results show that high quality β″-Al2O3 ceramic electrolytes with diameter as large as 60mm and length of 500mm are successfully produced. The composite of β″-Al2O3 and tetragonal ZrO2 displayed much better mechanical properties than the pristine β″-Al2O3 ceramics.
We fabricated a hybrid power source device with three electrodes of which one was a LiPF6-doped polyaniline (PAn) electrode playing the roles of both the positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery and an electrode of a redox supercapacitor. As a consequence, the shared electrode acts as a positive electrode or a positive terminal of a hybrid power source. The negative terminal was connected between a lithium metal electrode and another LiPF6-doped PAn electrode. After characterizing and comparing this hybrid power source with a single lithium secondary battery, its discharge performance was superior to that of a single lithium secondary battery when adopting the sheet-type PAn-LiPF6 electrodes and the porous separator as an electrolyte medium. In this case, the hybrid power source was shown to be advantageous in the high pulse mode of discharge.
We report a facile strategy to synthesize ZnO-graphene nanocomposites as an advanced electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. The ZnO-graphene nanocomposites have been fabricated via a facile, low-temperature in situ wet chemistry process. During this process, high dispersed ZnO nanoparticles are embedded in graphene nanosheets, leading to sandwich-structured ZnO-graphene nanocomposites. Thus, intimate interfacial contact between ZnO nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets are achieved, which facilitates electrochemical activity and enhance electrochemical properties due to fast electron transfer. The as-prepared ZnO-graphene nanocomposites exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 786Fg−1 and excellent cycle life with capacity retention of about 92% after 500 cycles. This facile design and rational synthesis offers an effective strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and shows promising potential for large-scale application in energy storage.
The electrochemical and physical properties of composite polymer electrolytes based on a blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) are investigated. The addition of nanometre-size TiO2 filler decreases the crystallinity of the polymer electrolytes and also improves the ionic conductivity and the interfacial resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte. In addition, this ceramic filler enhances the mechanical strength of the electrolytes. A prototype battery, which consists of a graphite anode, a LiCoO2 cathode, and the composite polymer electrolyte coated on a poly(propylene) (PP) separator, shows good cycling performance at high rate.
Owing to the merits of good chemical stability, elemental abundance and nontoxicity, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn increasing attraction for use as anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Nanostructured TiO2 was able to achieve high energy density. However, nanosized TiO2 is typically electrochemical instable, which leads to poor cycling performance. In order to improve the cycling stability, carbon from thermolysis of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was coated onto TiO2 nanoparticles. Electronic conductivity and electrochemical stability were enhanced by coating carbon onto TiO2 nanoparticles. The resultant carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited high reversible capacity (242.3mAhg−1), high coulombic efficiency (97.8%), and good capacity retention (87.0%) at 30mAg−1 over 100 cycles. By comparison, untreated TiO2 nanoparticles showed comparable reversible capacity (237.3mAhg−1) and coulombic efficiency (96.2%), but poor capacity retention (53.2%) under the same condition. The rate performance of carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles was also displayed as high as 127.6mAhg−1 at a current density of 800mAg−1. The improved cycling performance and rate capability were mostly attributed to protective carbon layer helping stablize solid electrolyte interface formation of TiO2 nanoparticles and improving the electronic conductivity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticles are promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries.
LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 attracts increasing attention in industry due to its high energy density. Vinylene carbonate and 1,3-propane sultone are engaged to enhance the high-temperature performance of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/artificial graphite pouch cells in this work. With the addition of the additives, the capacity retention of the full cell reaches 98% after 200 cycles at 45 °C and 500 mA. Meanwhile, the underneath mechanism is investigated by employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and liquid chromatography-quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry measurements. The results show that the additives can not only protect the anode, but also shelter the cathode. It is of great interest that vinylene carbonate can suppress the decomposition of electrolyte, leading to less organic species in electrolyte, more stable interfaces. The addition of 1,3-propane sultone takes part in the generation of sulfonates after formation, which can be reduced to sulfides upon cycling. The combination of these two additives can optimize the interfacial reactions, as well as can suppress the decomposition of electrolytes and the dissolution of manganese, which leads to much better high-temperature storage performance and cycling performance of the full cells.
The performance of lithium–sulfur batteries is intimately tied to electrode porosity. Now, an in-depth investigation shows that optimizing the porosity enhances the achievable energy density of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Lithium perfluorosulfonate salts have been tailored either to provide solvating and/or plasticizing effect, or polar function. Adding these extra functionalities to the organic anion result in a good combination of ionic conductivity and cationic transference number. The high cationic conductivity obtained for polymer electrolytes at the concentration O/Li=30 must be emphasized.
Mesoporous FePO4 could deliver enhanced specific capacity of 160mAhg−1 at first discharge process, 90% of theoretical capacity of pure FePO4, and 135mAhg−1 in the following cycles at 0.1C rate. At 1 and 3C rates, the capacities are 110 and 85mAhg−1, respectively, which is much higher than that of previously reported for modified FePO4 materials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests proved that mesoporous structure in FePO4 materials enhanced the lithium ion intercalation/deintercalation kinetics as indicated by smaller charge transfer resistance (R ct) of these materials. These results revealed that this mesoporous electrode material can be a potential candidate for high-power energy conversion devices.
The perspective of the abundant bio-materials and the possibility to be reused attracts attention, especially when producing carbon materials for energy storage applications. In that regard, an original electrode architecture is developed for symmetrical supercapacitor cells where peanut shell derived carbon particles are used to produce polymer/carbon fibrous electrodes. To obtain freestanding polymer/carbon electrodes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers containing ultra-high amount of carbon nanoparticles are produced via solution blowing. Composite nanofiber production parameters such as polymer concentration, solvent ratio, and carbon concentration are optimized in order to obtain defectless fibers with the largest possible amount of carbon particles. It is found that 10wt% polymer solution, 60 wt% carbon content and 50:50 wt% DMF/acetone mixture are the optimized parameters. In the second part of the study, the produced fibrous materials are used in a symmetrical supercapacitor cell with aqueous and organic electrolytes. Aqueous supercapacitor cells with high electrode mass loading show areal capacitance up to 1120 mF cm−2. Moreover, fibrous electrodes with increased electrical conductivity show high rate capability at high currents and high cycling stability losing only 9% of its capacity after 10,000 cycles. The cycling stability of the electrodes is even more emphasized in organic supercapacitors where the cells retain 96.4% of their capacitance. The high surface area composite nanofibers are found to exhibit high energy and power values for both aqueous and organic supercapacitors. The proposed biowaste derived composition and fibrous architecture are thought to be highly promising due to high areal capacitance and stability.
The amorphous CoMoS4/N-rGO nanocomposites can be synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Since amorphous structure can provide more ion diffusion transport channels, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) has high electrical conductivity and also behaves as a buffer to adapt to the volume change of CoMoS4. CoMoS4/N-rGO exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance compared with single CoMoS4. After 100 cycles, CoMoS4/N-rGO has a discharge specific capacity of 414.9 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, which is 85% of the initial capacity. In addition, CoMoS4/N-rGO exhibits good rate performance with a specific capacity of 305.5 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. CoMoS4/N-rGO nanocomposites will be promising anode materials for SIBs due to their excellent electrochemical properties.
Energy from renewable resources is a major concern nowadays and is being addressed by researchers over the globe to overcome the energy crises. Organic phase change materials are extensively utilized in thermal energy storage systems to integrate and manage the renewable energy. However, the tendency of organic phase change materials to leak out during the phase transition process, limits their practical applications in thermal energy storage. The shape-stabilization is an effective strategy to prevent the leakage and enhance the energy storage capacity of organic phase change materials. The shape stability can be achieved by entrapping the organic phase change materials in a shell through microencapsulation and by integrating into the supporting materials’ matrix or by developing phase change materials with the solid-solid phase change. This paper delivers a comprehensive detail on the diverse classes of novel shape stabilizing strategies containing organic, inorganic and polymeric materials with adequate critical analysis of thermophysical properties of phase change materials. Moreover, the versatile applications of shape-stable phase change materials in thermal management and energy storage systems have also been enlightened. Lastly, the critical issues in different shape-stabilization strategies and the possible rectifications are also discussed.
Carbon nanotubes capsules (CNCs) with compact, stout walls and tunable sizes were fabricated by using self-assembly of acid modified carbon nanotubes in a water-in-oil emulsion system. The effect of ultrasonic power on the formation and size of CNCs were investigated. On the basis of fabrication of CNCs, CNCs encapsulating SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared as anode material for lithium ion batteries. The morphologies, structural characteristics and electrochemical performances of CNCs and CNCs encapsulating SnO2 nanoparticles were systemically investigated by FE-SEM, TEM, XRD and a series of electrochemical testing techniques. The results showed that the encapsulation amount of SnO2 in CNCs had a great influence on the reversible capacity and cycle performance of the composites. The composite with appropriate amount of SnO2 exhibited a high reversible capacity of 383mAhg−1 and an excellent cyclability with only 0.4% capacity loss/cycle in that CNCs not only could provide high electric conductivity for composites but also effectively accommodate the volume change of SnO2 during the cycling processes.
There is much interest, derived from current neurochemical, genetic, and therapeutic research, in the role of brain neurotrophins in schizophrenia. Neurotrophins play key roles in neuronal development and differentiation (i.e., promoting dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis), and in orchestrating the neuronal response to stress/noxious stimuli. Additionally, neurotrophins are modulators across monominergic (dopamine and serotonin), gabaergic and cholinergic systems. These roles focus on important areas of the etiopathophysiology of schizophrenia. Clinical studies show reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NFG) in schizophrenic patients as compared to normal control subjects, as well as differences in patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). We now report on BDNF levels in subjects with first-episode psychosis in comparison with normal healthy controls. Compared to normal controls (N =14; 290.5±38.81 pg/ml), first-episode psychotic patients showed significant reduction (N =15; 135±21.77 pg/ml; P =0.001; f =12.873) in plasma BDNF. Additionally, plasma BDNF levels showed a significant negative correlation (N =13′ r =0.584, P =0.0362) only with positive symptom scores at base line and no significant correlations were found with any of the cognitive performance test battery or motor function test scores. Low BDNF levels at the onset of psychosis suggest that it may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and/or perhaps could be a helpful neurobiological marker for possible early treatment intervention.
Progress in recent years in the field of electrochromic displays based on viologen modified high-surface area TiO2 electrodes (Vio2+/TiO2) has moved the technology towards commercialisation. Viologen molecules (Vio2+), derivatised with phosphonic acid attachment groups can be chemisorbed on nanostructured TiO2 layers of thickness 2–10μm. Characterisation by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that colourless Vio 2+ /TiO2 is reversibly reduced to the strongly coloured cation radical species Vio+ /TiO2. This system can constitute the working electrode of an electrochromic display with a capacitive doped SnO2 electrode as counter electrode, the latter coated by an electrochemically inert white light-reflecting layer. Such a device is stable upon repeated colouration–bleaching cycles with a bleached-to-coloured state contrast ratio exceeding 5. Multicolour displays can be achieved by patterning different electrochromophores onto different areas of one working electrode.
Objectives We investigated the association between serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and the severity of psychopathology and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Methods We measured the levels of CRP in N =413 individuals with schizophrenia. Symptom severity was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and cognitive functioning with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Results The individuals with CRP ≥5.0 mg/μl had significantly lower RBANS cognitive scores than those with CRP <5.0 mg/μl (F =8.07, p <.005). However the CRP groups did not differ in the severity of positive, negative, or general PANSS symptoms (all p >.2). Conclusions Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein in schizophrenia are associated with the severity of cognitive impairment but not of psychiatric symptoms. The long term consequences of elevated levels of CRP require further investigation.
In our previous report, we have synthesized Li2MnO3–LiCoO2 solid solutions and have investigated electrochemical properties [J.-M. Kim, T. Sho, N. Kumagai, Electrochem. Commun. 9 (2007) 103]. These materials have showed a long charge plateau at above 4.5V during the first charge, which disappears with the subsequent cycles. This phenomenon is usually observed in Li2MnO3 and Li2MnO3–LiMeO2 system (Me=Ni1/2Mn1/2 [Z. Lu, D.D. MacNeil, J.R. Dahn, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 4 (2001) 191], Co [K. Numata, C. Sakaki, S. Yamanaka, Solid State Ionics 117 (1999) 257; Y.J. Park, Y.-S. Hong, X. Wu, M.K. Kim, K.S. Ryu, S.H. Chang, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151 (2004) A720], Fe [M. Tabuchi, A. Nakashima, H. Shigemura, K. Ado, H. Kobayashi, H. Sakaebe, H. Kageyama, T. Nakamura, M. Kohzaki, A. Hirano, R. Kanno, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) A509], or Cr [B. Ammundsen, J. Paulsen, Adv. Mater. 13 (2001) 943]). In this study, we investigate the relationship between the first lithium extraction process and the electrochemical property of the synthesized Li[Li0.27Co0.2Mn0.53]O2 material. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the synthesized Li[Li0.27Co0.20Mn0.53]O2 are modified by the Li+ extraction.
The functional outcome in schizophrenia spectrum disorders is affected by multiple factors such as cognitive performance and clinical symptoms. Psychiatric disability may be another important determinant of functional outcome. The purpose of this study was to test whether schizophrenia symptoms and psychiatric disability mediated the association between cognition and functioning. Between April 2013 and July 2017, we included 108 community-dwelling adults with stable schizophrenia spectrum disorder in a multicenter study. Psychiatric disability was assessed with the Evaluation of Cognitive Processes involved in Disability in Schizophrenia (ECPDS) scale by relatives of patients. ECPDS focused on the broad array of motivational, neurocognitive, sociocognitive, and metacognitive impairments that result in activity restrictions. We used a battery of tests to assess seven cognition domains (processing speed, attention/vigilance, working, verbal and visual memory, reasoning and problem solving, and executive functioning) and cross-sectional structural equation modeling (SEM) for the mediation analyses. We estimated the one-year temporal stability of ECPDS scores in 45 participants. The model provided showed good fit and explained 43.9% of the variance in functioning. The effect of neurocognition on functioning was fully mediated by symptoms (proportion mediated: 36.5%) and psychiatric disability (proportion mediated: 31.3%). The ECPDS score had acceptable one-year temporal stability. The ECPDS scale has satisfactory psychometric properties, and shows significant convergence with neurocognition and functioning, suggesting a role for this tool in the routine evaluation of cognitive remediation needs. Our model validates psychiatric disability as a crucial step from cognitive impairment to restricted participation in life situations.
This paper presents the simulation and analysis of a system created by the combination of a wind turbine, an electrolyser and a fuel cell working together in order to provide constant electric energy supply over 1 year. The entire system is simulated according to two different operation strategies focused mainly on the operation of the electrolyser at either constant nominal operating power or varying from 20% to nominal operation. The different configurations and dimensions of every component of the system are tested. The entire system has been created using TRNSYS 15 software which permits global simulation and behaviour analysis. Using this tool, it is possible to specify the viability based on technical and economic aspects.
A recent randomized trial (NCT01535209) demonstrated no difference in neurocognitive function between stereotactic radiotherapy of the tumor bed (SRT-TB) and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with resected single brain metastasis. Patients treated with SRT-TB had lower overall survival compared with the WBRT arm. Here, we compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients who received WBRT vs. SRT-TB.
The surfactant assisted exfoliation and non-covalent functionalization of two-dimensional layered materials, like graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, etc., has extraordinarily been propelled forward within the last 5years. Numerous molecules have been designed and attached to the exfoliated layers, and based on their outstanding properties, perylene based dyes have become one of the most frequently used π-detergents. Therefore, the prospect of this micro review is to summarize the most prominent achievements in this rapidly progressing field of research.