batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lithium (Li) metal is considered as an ideal anode material for energy storage systems mainly due to its large theoretical capacity. However, uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth during Li plating and stripping results in low Coulombic efficiency, poor cycling performance, and potential risk concerns, significantly limiting the commercial application of Li metal anodes. Herein, hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFAA) is used as a novel electrolyte additive to regulate the even deposition of Li ions based on grain refining mechanism. Within the electrolyte, HFAA forms complexes with lithium ions to generate more nucleation sites during plating process, and thus facilitating smooth deposition on the lithium anode surface as grain refiner. As a result, greatly enhanced cycling stability is obtained both in the Li/Li symmetric cell and Li/LiNi0·5Co0·2Mn0·3O2 (Li/NCM) full cell using electrolyte containing HFAA. Especially, after introducing the co-additive of saccharin, prolonged cycle lifetime is observed, as which can act as levelling agent for pristine Li foil. The grain refining strategy advances research in developing efficient and practicable additives for metal Li batteries.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received considerable attention in electrochemical fields due to their tunable morphology, open topological structure, large surface, and intense redox-activity. Herein, a novel flower-shaped multiwalled carbon nanotubes/nickel-trimesic acid composite (MWCNTs@Ni(TA)) was synthesized via one-step solvothermal method. The morphology and composition of the composite were characterized and compared with the single-component counterpart of spherical Ni(TA) by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET and FT-IR. The characterization results showed that the presence of carboxyl functionalized MWCNTs played a critical role to induce transformation of Ni(TA) from solid spherical shape in the single-component situation to the nanosheet-assembled flower shape in the composite. Electrochemical experiments showed that the flower-shaped MWCNTs@Ni(TA) composite have higher specific capacity (115 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1) and better rate capability than the spherical Ni(TA). The MWCNTs@Ni(TA) based electrode also presented outstanding cycling stability with 81.6% specific capacity remained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1 in KOH electrolyte.
A number of Mn0.5−x Co x Ti2(PO4)3/C composites with x =0, 0.25, and 0.5 have been examined as electrode materials for lithium batteries. A solid solution was observed in the whole range of substitution of manganese by cobalt. Co0.50Ti2(PO4)3 is characterized by a high capacity value of 183.85mAh/g after the first discharge at 1.6V which is above the theoretical capacity for Ti4+/Ti3+ reduction. Partially reversible cobalt reduction may justify the progressive capacity fading. In turn, the substitution by manganese enhances the cycling stability by avoiding the manganese reduction at the lower cut off voltage. Capacities of 110mAh/g were kept after 40 cycles for the cobalt compound.
Graphite foams with high electrical and thermal conductivities, good mechanical strength, and low mass have been synthesized and evaluated as possible current collector materials to replace lead alloys for the development of lightweight lead acid batteries. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests were performed on these foams prior to and after graphitization to evaluate their electrochemical properties. In the voltage range where the negative electrode of lead acid batteries operates, the graphite foam is electrochemically stable. However, in the voltage range of the positive electrode, the graphite foam is not electrochemically stable due to intercalation of sulfuric acid into graphite. For the positive electrode, the non-graphitized foam shows better electrochemical stability and warrants further study for use as a current collector. Preliminary charge/discharge characterization of these graphite and non-graphitized foams coated with a lead oxide battery paste supports these conclusions, although the paste formulation and coating process need to be improved for cycle life evaluation.
Rechargeable sensor networks which are powered by reusable energy (e.g., solar energy, wind energy or thermal energy) are promising for perpetual data service. Due to the time-varying characteristics of harvested energy, the problem of data sampling rate allocation to maximize the network performance is a new challenging issue. In this paper, we are concerned with how to adaptively decide the data sampling rate to maximize the data quality of all sensor nodes. To solve this problem, we divide the data sampling rate allocation into two steps to decouple the energy and data sampling rate. First, we propose an energy allocation algorithm (EAA) to allocate the amount of energy that is allowed to be used by each sensor node in each interval, so that all sensor nodes cannot run out of their battery energy and can store more energy into the battery during the recharging period. Then, we present a data sampling rate allocation algorithm (RAA) to allocate the optimal data sampling rate for each node. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using real collected data to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
One way to obtain the lithium ion power battery with better safety performance was to increase the thermal shrinkage resistance of the separator at higher temperature. Phenolphthalein polyetherketone (PEK-C) is a polymer that can withstand high temperature to about 230°C. Here, we developed a new Al2O3 coated composite polypropylene (PP) separator with PEK-C as binder. The coating layer was formed on the surface of the PP separator and both ceramic particles and binder did not infiltrated into the separator along the thickness direction. The composite separator with 4μm coating layer provided balanced permeability and thermal shrinkage properties. The composite separator was stable at the electrochemical window for lithium ion battery. The coin cells with composite separator showed better charge/discharge performance than that of the cells with the PP separator. It seemed that the composite separator was helpful for high current density discharge. Also, the battery safety performance test had verified that the Al2O3 coated composite separator with PEK-C as binder had truly improved the safety performance of the coin cells. So, the newly developed Al2O3 coated composite PP separator was a promising safety product for lithium ion power batteries with high energy density.
Solar-battery systems are still expensive, bulky, and space consuming. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel device that combines all the components of a solar-battery system in one device. This device might help reduce installation cost compared to the current solar-battery systems as well as provide a plug-and-play solution. However, this physical integration means higher temperatures for the components. Therefore, this paper presents a thermal analysis of the physical integration concept to evaluate its feasibility, focusing on the batteries, the most delicate components. The thermal analysis was conducted using a Finite Element Method model and validated with experimental results on a prototype. According to the model, the temperature of the components (battery and converters) reduced drastically by adding an air gap of 5–7 cm between the solar panel and the components. Even under severe conditions, maximum battery temperature never surpassed the highest temperature of operation defined by the manufacturer. Moreover, the maximum battery temperature decreases even further by applying a phase change material as a passive cooling method, reducing it by 5 °C. As a result, the battery pack operates in a safe range when combined with a 265 Wp solar panel, demonstrating the potential of this concept for future solar-battery applications.
The increasing presence of Li-Ion batteries (LIB) in mobile and stationary energy storage applications has triggered a growing interest in the environmental impacts associated with their production. Numerous studies on the potential environmental impacts of LIB production and LIB-based electric mobility are available, but these are very heterogeneous and the results are therefore difficult to compare. Furthermore, the source of inventory data, which is key to the outcome of any study, is often difficult to trace back. This paper provides a review of LCA studies on Li-Ion batteries, with a focus on the battery production process. All available original studies that explicitly assess LIB production are summarized, the sources of inventory data are traced back and the main assumptions are extracted in order to provide a quick overview of the technical key parameters used in each study. These key parameters are then compared with actual battery data from industry and research institutions. Based on the results from the reviewed studies, average values for the environmental impacts of LIB production are calculated and the relevance of different assumptions for the outcomes of the different studies is pointed out. On average, producing 1Wh of storage capacity is associated with a cumulative energy demand of 328Wh and causes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 110 gCO2eq. Although the majority of existing studies focus on GHG emissions or energy demand, it can be shown that impacts in other categories such as toxicity might be even more important. Taking into account the importance of key parameters for the environmental performance of Li-Ion batteries, research efforts should not only focus on energy density but also on maximizing cycle life and charge-discharge efficiency.
In this study, a quasi-solid-state supercapacitor with high energy density was successfully developed using a zwitterionic gel electrolyte with a dual-function redox additive. A polyzwitterion charged polymer, poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) (PPDE), was used with LiCl as the flexible gel electrolyte. This proposed electrolyte demonstrates promise for use in practical supercapacitors due to its environmental friendliness, transparency, flexibility, and high ionic conductivity. To further improve the electrochemical performance, a dual-function redox additive, ethyl viologen dibromide, was incorporated into the polyzwitterion. With the redox mediator in the polyzwitterionic electrolyte (PPDE-LiCl-EV), the specific capacitance improved by a factor of three compared to the pristine zwitterionic polymer (178 F g−1 for PPDE-LiCl and 677 F g−1 for PPDE-LiCl-EV) due to additional faradaic reactions. In addition, a quasi-solid-state supercapacitor incorporating PPDE-LiCl-EV exhibited a high energy density of 542 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 2.88 kW kg−1 over a wide potential window of 2.4 V. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode was employed for in situ monitoring of the redox reactions of additives on the electrode surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze the redox reactions of redox additives.
Nyquist plots measured from thin Li x Co0.2Ni0.8O2 electrodes at different potentials in Li-salt solutions include two semicircles, one relating to the high-frequency domain and the other referring to the medium-to-low frequency range. Based on fine features of the dependence of the diameter of these two semicircles on the potential (R sl and R ct versus E), and the estimated values of related capacities, we assigned these semicircles to (i) Li ion migration through a surface layer covering the active mass particles and (ii) interfacial charge-transfer, respectively. We have applied an approach based on a simple Frumkin-type sorption isotherm in order to explain the experimental R ct versus E relationship. The absolute values of the double-layer capacity (several mF per 1 cm2 of visible surface area) can be rationalized in terms of the porous structure of the composite electrodes and assuming an increase in surface area and appearance of disorder on the surface layer∣particle interface after the electrodes cycling. Nyquist plots of these electrodes can be successfully modeled by a combination of two (RC) semicircles with the so-called Frumkin and Melik–Gaykazyan impedance that provides a good fit to the experimental plots measured down to a mHz range. Only minor differences in the shape of the impedance spectra measured from Li x Co0.2Ni0.8O2 and Li x NiO2 electrodes could be observed. The former electrode seems to undergo a somewhat more rapid degradation at high anodic polarization than the latter, as follows from both cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements. However, this more rapid degradation in capacity is not related to interfacial changes, but rather to changes in the bulk material.
Deiss [Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 4027] claimed that the diffusion coefficient of electrochemical systems is potential-independent and apparent dependency is just related to the experimental errors. In this commentary paper, based on solid arguments, it was demonstrated that it is not a correct conclusion. The diffusion coefficient is strongly potential-dependent as can be understood from statistico-mechanical standpoint. This is well known from more than a century with convincing theoretical formulations. Of course, the possible experimental errors mentioned by Deiss are true, but not responsible for potential dependency of the diffusion coefficient.
Mechanical stimuli play important roles on the growth, development, and behavior of tissue. A simple and novel paper-based in vitro tissue chip was developed that can deliver two types of mechanical stimuli—local compression and shear flow—in a programmed manner. Rat vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) were patterned on collagen-coated nitrocellulose paper to create a tissue chip. Localized compression and shear flow were introduced by simply tapping and bending the paper chip in a programmed manner, utilizing an inexpensive servo motor controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and powered by batteries. All electrical compartments and a paper-based tissue chip were enclosed in a single 3D-printed enclosure, allowing the whole device to be independently placed within an incubator. This simple device effectively simulated in vivo conditions and induced successful RVEC migration in as early as 5 h. The developed device provides an inexpensive and flexible alternative for delivering mechanical stimuli to other in vitro tissue models.
Porous carbon nanofibers with SiOC/SiOSi group (Si/ACNF) mats are produced by incorporating tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via electrospinning/activation, and their electrochemical properties as a supercapacitor electrode are investigated. The Si/ACNF exhibits a high surface area of up to 1386.91m2 g−1 as result of the ultramicropore size distributions centered at approximately 0.8nm and mesopore volume fraction up to 38%. The gravimetric capacitance of the Si/ACNF webs in an organic electrolyte is 91.95Fg−1, and the energy densities are 59.72–88.23Whkg−1 over the power density range of 1000–20,000Wkg−1. The electrochemical capacitance of a Si/ACNF electrode is closely related to the pore size distribution, surface area, and ionic accessibility of the electrode material, providing a large charge capacity and high rate capability.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders are prepared via a new co-precipitation method. In this method, chloride salts are used as precursors and ammonia as a precipitator. The impurity of chlorine can be removed via a thermal decomposition of NH4Cl in the subsequent calcination. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the final product is a pure spinel phase of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the powders have an octahedron shape with a particle size of about 2μm. Electrochemical test shows that the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders exhibit an excellent cycling performance and after 300 cycles, the capacity retention is 83%. The lithium diffusion coefficient is measured to be 5.94×10−11 cm2 s−1 at 4.1V, 4.35×10−10 cm2 s−1 at 4.75V and 7.0×10−10 cm2 s−1 at 4.86V. The mechanism of capacity loss is also explored. After 300 cycles, the cell parameter ‘a’ decreases by 0.54% for the quenched sample (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ ) and by 0.42% for the annealed sample (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4). Besides, it is the first time to identify experimentally that the Ni and Mn ions dissolved in the electrolyte can be further deposited on the surface of anode.
In this work, for the first time, we model the variation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) across the depth of anode electrode of lithium ion battery. It is anticipated that due to higher thickness of SEI layer at the electrode side connected to the separator, a more critical condition prevails there. The present work also investigates the effects of variations in the morphological parameters including porosity, interfacial surface area and active particle radius across anode electrode on the uniformity of side reaction. Moreover, the sensitivity of the side reaction uniformity to electrolyte parameters, such as diffusion and ionic conductivity, is studied. Results show that the ionic conductivity has a major role on the uniformity, and could reduce critical conditions in the part of electrode next to the separator. Moreover, simulation results show that increasing ionic conductivity could significantly prolong the lifetime of the battery. An increase in electrolyte diffusion improves side reaction uniformity. Results also show that positive gradients of morphological parameters across anode electrode, when parameters are changed independently, have considerable effects on uniformity of side reaction. This could be a criterion in choosing new morphologies for the part of anode electrode connected to separator.
Recently, most state-of-the-art object detection systems adopt anchor box mechanism to simplify the detection model. Neural networks only need to regress the mapping relations from anchor boxes to ground truth boxes, then prediction boxes can be calculated using information from outputs of networks and default anchor boxes. However, when the problem becomes complex, the number of default anchor boxes will increase with large risk of over-fitting during training. In this paper, we adopt an adaptive anchor box mechanism that one anchor box can cover more ground truth boxes. So networks only need a few adoptive anchor boxes to solve the same problem and the model will be more robust. The sizes of adaptive anchor boxes will be adjusted automatically according to the depth collected by a Time of Flight (TOF) camera. The network adjusts the aspect ratios of anchor boxes to get final prediction boxes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can get more accurate detection results. Specifically, using the proposed adaptive anchor box mechanism, the Mean Average Precision (mAP) of YOLO-v2 and YOLO-v3 networks increases obviously on open public datasets and our self-built battery image dataset. Moreover, the visual results of prediction comparisons also illustrate that the proposed adaptive anchor box mechanism can achieve better performance than original anchor box mechanism.
Transdiagnostic approaches for treating multiple problems within a single protocol are novel but gaining support. This report describes initial efforts to adapt reconceptualized behavioral activation (e.g., Jacobson, Martell, & Dimidjian, 2001) to a group format suitable for young adolescents, plus add a powerful exposure component to accommodate anxiety-related problems. We present the empirical support for such an approach, its conceptual underpinnings, and a description of a group behavioral activation therapy (GBAT) program. We also report preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and case descriptions for five 7th and 8th grade students diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression who participated in an open trial in a school setting. Preliminary results suggest the GBAT program could be feasibly run in schools—the majority of students invited to join the group agreed to participate and completed the program. Students were satisfied with the program and most appeared to experience some clinical benefit after 13 weeks of group. Discussion elaborates on lessons learned from developing the program in a school setting and implications for research, practice, and transdiagnostic approaches.
This is a study of the electrochemical corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy Al7075 and its corrosion inhibition using
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) has been shown to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases the apoptosis of BM-MSCs, leading to poor survival and engraft efficiency. Thus, improving the ability of BM-MSCs to scavenge ROS may considerably enhance the effectiveness of transplantation therapy. Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a pro-apoptotic molecule which increases ROS production. The aim of this study is to uncover the underlying mechanisms the effect of Mst1 inhibition on the tolerance of BM-MSCs under H2O2 condition.
Layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 thin film electrodes are successfully prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique and post-annealed. The microstructure of the thin films is characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the thin film electrodes is evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The kinetics of Li diffusion in the thin film electrodes are investigated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. The annealed thin films exhibit a partially amorphous structure. The electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 thin film electrodes depends on the annealing temperature, composition and thickness. The thin film electrodes deposited for 30 min with the annealing temperature of 450 °C deliver the best electrochemical performance, including high capacities, good cycle performance and rate capability. The initial discharge capacity of the thin film electrodes is 177 mAh g−1 measured at a rate of 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.8–4.5 V. The capacity retention ratio is 92% after 25 cycles at 0.5C rate. The chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ion in the thin film electrodes are in the range of 10−9–10−10 cm2 s−1.
The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of the Smart dynamometer as a rehabilitation exercise device in a daily care by comparing with the existing medical devices. We used and analyzed clinical and measurement data of breast cancer survivors who have used Smart dynamometer during their rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery. The Smart dynamometer was compared with the two existing devices of Takei dynamometer and surface electromyography (sEMG) that were used in routine care, respectively. Three key components of the rehabilitation exercise devices were analyzed to validate the feasibility of the Smart dynamometer: grip strength, reaction time, and grip endurance time. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to compare the statistical significance between the devices. The data of 12 and 15 female breast cancer patients were analyzed for comparing the Smart dynamometer with Takei dynamometer and sEMG, respectively. There was a very weak correlation between the maximum values from the Takei and the Smart dynamometers in the affected and non-affected arms of breast cancer patients (r = 0.5321, 0.4733). Comparisons of 3 features between the Smart dynamometer and sEMG showed that there were strong positive correlations for both reaction time and endurance time in the affected and non-affected arms (r > 0.9). The feasibility of the Smart dynamometer for the possible use in a daily rehabilitation exercise was partially verified. Moreover, since the Smart dynamometer was highly correlated with time-related variables, it was important and significant to measure both grip strength and time-related information.