batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Ageing prediction is often complicated due to the interdependency of ageing mechanisms. Research has highlighted that storage ageing is not linear with time. Capacity loss due to storing the battery at constant temperature can shed more light on parametrising the properties of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI); the identification of which, using an electrochemical model, is systematically addressed in this work. A new methodology is proposed where any one of the available storage ageing datasets can be used to find the property of the SEI layer. A sensitivity study is performed with different molecular mass and densities which are key parameters in modelling the thickness of the SEI deposit. The conductivity is adjusted to fine tune the rate of capacity fade to match experimental results. A correlation is fitted for the side reaction variation to capture the storage ageing in the 0%–100% SoC range. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to predict the unknown properties of the SEI layer which is difficult to measure experimentally. The simulation and experimental results show that the storage ageing model shows good accuracy for the cases at 50% and 90% and an acceptable agreement at 20% SoC.
The optimal deposition conditions for plating the amorphous manganese oxide (denoted as a-MnO x ·nH2O) with a maximum specific capacitance were approached by using the experimental strategies, including the fractional factorial design (FFD), the path of steepest ascent and the central composite design (CCD) coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM). The anodic deposition variables such as current density of deposition, pH, MnSO4 concentration and temperature of the plating bath were found to be the key factors influencing the specific capacitance of a-MnO x ·nH2O in the FFD study. These variables were subjected to the path of the steepest ascent study to approach the vicinity of optimal conditions for plating the a-MnO x ·nH2O deposit with a maximum specific capacitance. Effects of the current density and the MnSO4 concentration were further examined using a regression model in the CCD study. This model, represented as response surface contour plots, showed that a-MnO x ·nH2O deposited under pH of 5.6, a current density of 3.7mAcm−2, a passed charge of 0.3Ccm−2, a MnSO4 concentration of 0.16M and a deposition temperature of 24°C exhibited the highest specific capacitance of ca. 220Fg−1.
In this work, graphene/polyaniline (NGP/PANI) inks are formulated; inkjet printing technology is then used to produce NGP/PANI thin-film electrodes from these inks. With this inkjet printing, good control over a number of key film properties including pattern geometry, pattern location, film thickness, and electrical conductivity is achieved. Two-electrode supercapacitors are fabricated using these thin-film electrodes. Electrochemical measurements with a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte yield a maximum specific capacitance of 82 F g−1, power density of 124 kW kg−1 and energy density of 2.4 Wh kg−1 when a scan rate of 20 mV s−1 is applied. The supercapacitors show a long cycle life over 1000 cycles.
Residual disorders of autobiographical memory long after trauma resulting from head injury are rarely assessed, even though they may affect social adjustment and the resumption of daily life. We conducted a thorough study of autobiographical memory in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, examined at least one year post-trauma. Twenty- five patients were submitted to a novel and controlled autobiographical procedure specially designed to measure episodic memories (i.e., unique, specific in time and space, and detailed) from their entire life span with two kinds of self- remembering experience. The ability to mentally travel back through time and re-experience the source of acquisition, i.e. autonoetic consciousness, was assessed via the “Remember/Know” paradigm and a checking procedure of sense of remembering. Self-perspective in visual imagery, which is also critically involved in episodic recollection, was assessed by the “Field/Observer perspective” paradigm. In addition, the patients underwent a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests to assess episodic and semantic memory, orientation and executive functions. The results showed that the patients, compared with healthy controls, were significantly impaired in recalling episodic autobiographical memories. This impairment was not related to the life period tested or the patients' ages nor the intellectual impairment. Deficits involved disturbances in sense of remembering, visual imagery self-perspective and recollection of spatiotemporal details. Stepwise- regression analyses carried out in the TBI patients revealed a significant relationship between an abnormal sense of remembering and executive dysfunction covering both anterograde and retrograde components. The novel assessment used in this study provides the first detailed evidence of a more fine-grained deficit of autobiographical memory in TBI patients. Indeed, the results suggest that these patients, long after trauma, present autonoetic consciousness and self-perspective disorders, which include sense of identity (the self) as a continuous entity across time, probably related to frontal dysfunction.
Seven phases of VOPO4 were synthesized and their Li intercalation properties were investigated. Li can be reversibly intercalated into all phases of VOPO4 and potential plateaus for Li intercalation and de-intercalation exist at 3.7 and 3.9V, respectively, except for the β- and ε-phases. β- and ε-phases of VOPO4 exhibit slightly higher flat potentials of 3.9 and 4.1V. The capacity for Li intercalation is strongly affected by the crystal structure of VOPO4 and the Li intercalation capacity increases with increasing average valence of V. Among the VOPO4 crystal phases, it was found that the δ-phase exhibits the largest reversible capacity of ca. 130mAh/g. The capacity for Li de-intercalation in δ-phase VOPO4 hardly decreased over 35 charge and discharge cycles. On the other hand, the Li intercalation capacity in δ-phase VOPO4 decreased with increasing current density for charge and discharge and temperature. However, even at a current density of 0.4mA/cm2, corresponding to C/5, fairly large capacity of ca. 60mAh/g was sustained, and at a operating temperature or 323K, a capacity of 110mAh/g was exhibited at 0.04mA/cm2.
Introduction The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is one of the most widely used test batteries to assess memory functions in patients with brain dysfunctions of different etiologies. This study examined the clinical validation of the Dutch Wechsler Memory Scale — Fourth Edition (WMS-IV-NL) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method The sample consisted of 75 patients with intractable TLE, who were eligible for epilepsy surgery, and 77 demographically matched healthy controls. All participants were examined with the WMS-IV-NL. Results Patients with TLE performed significantly worse than healthy controls on all WMS-IV-NL indices and subtests (p <.01), with the exception of the Visual Working Memory Index including its contributing subtests, as well as the subtests Logical Memory I, Verbal Paired Associates I, and Designs II. In addition, patients with mesiotemporal abnormalities performed significantly worse than patients with lateral temporal abnormalities on the subtests Logical Memory I and Designs II and all the indices (p <.05), with the exception of the Auditory Memory Index and Visual Working Memory Index. Patients with either a left or a right temporal focus performed equally on all WMS-IV-NL indices and subtests (F(15, 50)=.70, p =.78), as well as the Auditory–Visual discrepancy score (t(64)=−1.40, p =.17). Conclusion The WMS-IV-NL is capable of detecting memory problems in patients with TLE, indicating that it is a sufficiently valid memory battery. Furthermore, the findings support previous research showing that the WMS-IV has limited value in identifying material-specific memory deficits in presurgical patients with TLE.
Safety issue is very important for the lithium ion battery used in electric vehicle or other applications. This paper probes the heat sources in the thermal runaway processes of lithium ion batteries composed of different chemistries using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The adiabatic thermal runaway features for the 4 types of commercial lithium ion batteries are tested using ARC, whereas the reaction characteristics of the component materials, including the cathode, the anode and the separator, inside the 4 types of batteries are measured using DSC. The peaks and valleys of the critical component reactions measured by DSC can match the fluctuations in the temperature rise rate measured by ARC, therefore the relevance between the DSC curves and the ARC curves is utilized to probe the heat source in the thermal runaway process and reveal the thermal runaway mechanisms. The results and analysis indicate that internal short circuit is not the only way to thermal runaway, but can lead to extra electrical heat, which is comparable with the heat released by chemical reactions. The analytical approach of the thermal runaway mechanisms in this paper can guide the safety design of commercial lithium ion batteries.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder generally presenting with intention tremor and gait ataxia, but with a growing list of co-morbid medical conditions including hypothyroidism, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline. The pathological hallmark of FXTAS is the presence of intranuclear inclusions in both neurons and astroglia. However, it is unknown to what extent such inclusions are present outside the central nervous system (CNS). To address this issue, we surveyed non-CNS organs in ten human cases with FXTAS and in a CGG repeat knock-in (CGG KI) mouse model known to possess neuronal and astroglial inclusions. We find inclusions in multiple tissues from FXTAS cases and CGG KI mice, including pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland, gastrointestinal, pituitary gland, pineal gland, heart, and mitral valve, as well as throughout the associated autonomic ganglia. Inclusions were observed in the testes, epididymis, and kidney of FXTAS cases, but were not observed in mice. These observations demonstrate extensive involvement of the peripheral nervous system and systemic organs. The finding of intranuclear inclusions in non-CNS somatic organ systems, throughout the PNS, and in the enteric nervous system of both FXTAS cases as well as CGG KI mice suggests that these tissues may serve as potential sites to evaluate early intervention strategies or be used as diagnostic factors.
A single phase of Li2CuO2 was successfully prepared by solid state reaction. The crystal structure was refined by Rietveld method using a synchrotron radiation source. Electronic structures of x =0 and 1 in Li2−x CuO2 were determined using the first principle calculation. We will discuss electrochemical properties of Li2CuO2 and changes in electronic structure of Li2−x CuO2, using both the information obtained from the calculation and that obtained experimentally. These results confirmed that Li-extraction of Li2CuO2 resulted in the oxidation of Cu2+ or O2−. The cuprate-based cathode materials have the potential showing high energy density. The calculation of electronic state will play a major role in designing the materials for Li-batteries.
Equivalent circuit model (ECM)-based state-of-charge (SOC) estimation has been considered as one of the most important aspects in battery management system (BMS). However, in case of a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cell, because of the flatness and hysteresis effect of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) curve, there are inevitable drawbacks directly related to both erroneous SOC information and the slow SOC convergence speed caused by incorrect OCV characteristics. Therefore, this approach gives insight to the design and implementation of the ECM-based SOC estimator that is suitable for an actual LiFePO4 cell. Two approaches for settlement in current OCV issues are as follows. Firstly, through linearization between coordinated charging and discharging OCVs, an OCV hysteresis model can be easily implemented. This model incorporating OCV measurement data is adequately applied to the model-based SOC estimator using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Secondly, a well-adjusted measurement error covariance controlled in the EKF is used to alleviate an undesired SOC fluctuation that surely results in low BMS performance. This measurement error covariance additionally enables us to provide the fast SOC convergence speed against an inaccurate initial SOC value. This approach has been sufficiently validated by extensive experimental results conducted on LiFePO4 cells that had a rated capacity of 14 Ah by EIG. Consequently, our validation showed the clearness of the proposed work for a reliable SOC estimator of a LiFePO4 cell.
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of early childhood mortality and morbidity, including long-term physical and mental impairment. The risk factors for PTB are complex and include maternal nutritional status and infections. This study aimed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for targeted interventions to reduce the occurrence of PTB in Rwanda.
The concept of solar parking lots aims at coupling the development of clean solar electricity and electric mobility. Solar panels provide shade and generate electricity to charge parked electric vehicles. In a vehicle-to-grid approach, the vehicles may also feed the grid and support it with ancillary services. In this paper, we explore the potential of this solution, starting with a concise overview discussing the technical, environmental and financial issues constraining the development of solar parking lots. A comprehensive review of the literature follows, and finally open issues and prospects for future work are identified. It is intended that this paper may serve as a standalone summary of the most important work on this topic to date.
Video-game playing is associated with an increased obesity risk. The association of video-game playing with body composition, physical activity and eating behaviour was investigated.
Earlier research has documented a preference for words with consonantal articulation patterns that move from the front to the back of the mouth (e.g., MENIKA) over words with reversely wandering consonantal articulation spots (e.g., KENIMA). The present experiments explored the temporal dynamics of the reading process in this in–out preference effect. In three experiments (total N = 344), we gradually reduced the presentation durations of inward and outward wandering words from 1000 ms down to 25 ms to approximate the minimum length of visual stimulus presentation required to trigger the effect. The in–out effect was reliably observed for exposure timings down to 50 ms, but vanished for 25 ms timings, which is line with previous evidence on phonological encoding. Thus, impressively, 50 ms of word presentation is sufficient to evoke the in–out effect. These findings suggest phonological activation to be a prerequisite and thus a driving mechanism of the in–out effect.
Building on a long tradition of measuring cultural logics from a relational perspective, we analyze a recent survey of American university students to assess whether institutional logics operate in the lived experience of individuals. An institutional logic is an analytic troika of object, practice, and subject linked together through dually ordered systems of articulations. Using the formal method of correspondence analysis (MCA) we identify two latent dimensions that order physical, verbal, emotional, categorical, and moral practices of and investments in love. We take these dimensions as evidence of an institutional logic. The dominant first dimension is organized through talk of love, non-genital physical intimacies, and affective investment. It has no sexual specificity. The subsidiary second dimension is organized through moral investment and it has a genital sexual specificity. There is little difference between women and men, either in the way these dimensions are organized or in the location of men and women within these dimensionalized spaces. We find that romantic love has a situated material effect in terms of increasing the probabilities of orgasm.
A Ketjen Black-MnO composite was prepared by wet impregnation and TEM images showed that the MnO nanoparticles were well enwrapped by Ketjen Black (KB). The as-prepared KB-MnO composite were coated on one side of the commercial separators for the improvement of electrochemical performances of Lithium-Sulfur battery. For comparison, conventional separator coated by KB and conventional separator without coating was used in reference Lithium-Sulfur batteries. Electrochemical tests suggested that KB-MnO coated separator could act as the upper current collector and the barrier of lithium polisulfides which consequently achieved higher charge/discharge capacity and more stable cycling stability. Furthermore, TEM elemental map demonstrated that KB-MnO composite was more favorable for the adsorption of lithium polysulfides than KB, therefore the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries can be dramatically enhanced.
Reversible air electrodes integrated with a polymer electrolyte membrane have been proposed for use in rechargeable metal–air batteries or unitized regenerative fuel cells to reduce the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Reversible air electrodes were prepared with an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) as a polymer electrolyte membrane and platinum-based catalysts. The AEM at the interface between the alkaline electrolyte and the air electrode layer plays major roles in AEM-type air electrodes as follows: it blocks (a) the permeation of cations in the alkaline electrolyte into the air electrode layer to prevent carbonate precipitation, (b) penetration of the alkaline solution itself, and (c) neutralization of the alkaline electrolyte by carbon dioxide, all of which prevent performance degradation of oxygen reactions. Catalysts for decreasing the overvoltage of oxygen reactions were also investigated with the AEM-type air electrode, and the overall efficiency was improved due to a remarkable decrease in the potential for the oxygen evolution reaction with Pt–Ir catalysts.
In this paper (a substantial extension of the short version presented at REM2016 on April 19–21, Maldives [1]), multi-objective power dispatching is discussed in the scope of microgrids located in smart cities. The proposed system considers the use of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as storage units. The problem involves distinct types of vehicles and a community, composed of small houses, residential areas and different Renewable Energy Resources. In order to highlight possibilities for power dispatching, the optimization of three distinct goals is considered in the analysis: mini/microgrid total costs; usage of vehicles batteries; and maximum grid peak load. Sets of non-dominated solutions are obtained using a mathematical programming based heuristic (Matheuristic). By analyzing cases of study composed with up to 70 vehicles, we emphasize that PEVs and UAVs can effectively contribute for renewable energy integration into mini/microgrid systems. Smart cities policy makers and citizens are suggested to consider the proposed tool for supporting decision making for cities under development, guiding their choices for future investments on renewable energy resources.
The aim was to assess the effects of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation on physical performance of healthy elderly subjects. Ninety-six subjects, aged 70 years or more with 25 OH vitamin D levels of 16ng/ml or less, were randomized to a resistance training or control group. Trained and control groups were further randomized to receive in a double blind fashion, vitamin D 400IU plus 800mg of calcium per day or calcium alone. Subjects were followed for nine months. Serum 25 OH vitamin D increased from 12.4±2.2 to 25.8±6.5ng/ml among subjects supplemented with vitamin D. Trained subjects had significant improvements in quadriceps muscle strength, the short physical performance test and timed up and go. The latter improved more in trained subjects supplemented with vitamin D. At the end of the follow up, gait speed was higher among subjects supplemented with vitamin (whether trained or not) than in non-supplemented subjects (838±147 and 768±127m/12min, respectively, p =0.02). Romberg ratio was lower among supplemented controls than non-supplemented trained subjects (128±40% and 144±37%, respectively, p =0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation improved gait speed and body sway, and training improved muscle strength.
To improve the mechanical properties of MCFC cathode materials, pre-lithiated porous nickel plates containing 1–5mol% of lithium were fabricated by the tape casting method, and the microstructures, mechanical properties, and performance was examined. The microstructure and pore distribution was not changed until the lithum content reached 3mol%. The sample containing 5mol% of lithium had patch structure on the skeleton and a smaller volume of primary pores. XRD analysis showed that lithium-containing porous nickel plates can easily form solid solutions without any undesirable byproducts after the oxidation. Both the bending strength and Young’s modulus of the porous plates increased with the increase of lithium content. The average bending strengths of the samples containing 1, 3, and 5mol% of lithium were 1.29, 1.33, and 1.49kgf/mm2 which were 2.9, 3.0, and 3.4 times higher than that of pure porous nickel plate. The Young’s modulus increased up to 1.35kgf/mm in the case of the 5mol% lithium containing sample that is 5.4 times higher than that of pure porous nickel plate. The OCV of single cells using pre-lithiated cathodes were between 1.065 and 1.067V, and comparable cell performance was obtained for 500h of single cell operation.
Lithium metal is supposed to be critical material for constructing next-generation batteries due to extremely high capacity and ultralow redox potential. However, the perplexing issue of lithium dendrite growth impedes the commercial application. The initial nucleation and low Li ions diffusion rate in the electrolyte/electrode interface dominate the deposition behavior. Therefore, a uniform and flexible interface is urgently needed. Here, a facile method is proposed to prepare a thin and porous LiF-rich layer (TPL) by the in-situ reaction of small amount of ammonium hydrogen difluoride (NH4HF2) and Li metal. The deposition morphology on Li metal anode with LiF layer is significantly flat and homogeneous owning to low lateral diffusion barrier on LiF crystals and the porous structure of TPL film. Additionally, the symmetrical cells made with such TPL Li anodes show significantly stable cycling over 100 cycles at high current density of 6 mA/cm2. The TPL Li | LiFePO4 full cells keep over 99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 2.0 C. This approach serves as a facile and controllable way of adjusting the protective layer on Li metal.
A valuable additive — boric acid — to eliminate passivation of the active material/grid interface in positive plates of lead–acid batteries has been selected through comparison of single-cell discharge tests. This overcomes the problem of rapid decline in initial performance when using low-antimony (1.7 wt.%) grid alloys. The performance of the oxide film on positive grids, as well as its composition and amount, is determined through cathodic reduction of the film with a linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) method. The results confirm that passivation of the positive grid and rapid decline in the initial discharge voltage are due to a resistive layer of PbSO4, and not PbO n (1≤n≤2). The PbO n layer has little effect on passivation. The findings of this study are useful for the production of lead–acid batteries.