batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous CuO microspheres with core-in-hollow-shell structure were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method, using dicyandiamide as hydrolysis agent and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as soft template. The as-synthesized CuO microspheres were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and N2 sorption measurements. The core-in-hollow-shelled CuO microspheres exhibit greatly enhanced amperometric response towards glucose as compared to that of the simple hollow counterpart. The as-developed non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited favorable performance with wide linear range (0.005–7.95 mM), sensitivity of 622.2 μA mM cm−2 and low detection limit of 1 μM.
Uniform and highly doped nitrogen carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) have been produced by electrospinning of solution mixture that contains polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline and graphene and followed by annealing at 1200°C. The NiO catalyst was loaded onto N-CNFs by chemical precipitation of Ni(OH)2 and treating at 400°C. The physicochemical characterizations show that the N-CNFs have an average diameter of 250nm with nitrogen-doping level of 17wt. % and BET surface area of 440m2 g−1. The NiO catalyst with particle size of 7.0 to 8.0nm was uniformly loaded over the surface of the carbon nanofibers. The electrocatalytic activity of NiO/N-CNFs hybrid for methanol oxidation reaction in basic medium has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The results show that the NiO/N-CNFs catalyst has superior specific and mass activities for methanol oxidation over the other nickel based catalysts. In addition negative shift in the methanol oxidation potential was observed which relies on the loading amount of NiO/N-CNFs catalyst. The highly doped nitrogen carbon nanofibers electrode based on polyacrylonitrile, polyaniline and graphene composite could be considered as a promising candidate to act as a catalyst support material.
Many applications and services have emerged in the frame of new Internet of Things paradigm. This novel view has opened the Web services to a variety of devices especially to tiny and resource-constrained devices. Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks belong to that kind of devices. Those networks have become one of the more promising technologies to take part in the Future Internet. However, the integration of Sensor and Actuator Networks into the Service Cloud is a hard challenge requiring specific new architectures and protocols. This paper presents a middleware approach addressing this important issue. A Knowledge-Aware and Service-Oriented Middleware (KASOM) for pervasive embedded networks is proposed. The major aim of KASOM is to offer advanced and enriched pervasive services to everyone connected to Internet. In this sense, KASOM implements mechanisms and protocols which allow managing the knowledge generated in pervasive embedded networks in order to expose it to Internet users in a readable way. General functional requirements of embedded sensor and actuator platforms have been taken into account when designing KASOM, with special attention in energy consumption, memory and bandwidth. The KASOM evaluation and validation will be demonstrated through a real Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network deployment based on integral healthcare services in a sanatorium.
The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Fe2O3 films, which are fabricated by an aerosol deposition (AD) method, are investigated in this study. For the high rate capability in Li ion battery, not only the nano-size grain but also the path for electrolyte is required in thin/thick electrode films. The microstructure is formed in Fe2O3 AD films. The Fe2O3 AD film shows the dense microstructure and the small grain size of a few nanometers. In particular, the space for electrolyte is also observed in the Fe2O3 AD film which has the dense microstructure. In addition, the AD method has the excellent deposition speed (1–10 min for 1 μm, 10 × 10 cm2). In this manuscript, it is indicated that an Fe2O3 AD film has the excellent rate capability because of the self-fitted microstructure, which shows the path for electrolyte as well as the nano-size grains. In addition, the high capacity of 150 μAh cm−2 is also observed at the Fe2O3 AD film (the current density of 50 μA cm−2, the film thickness: 300 nm).
Porous NiO and NiO/graphene (NiOG) thin film electrodes were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique and investigated as anodes for lithium ion batteries. The porous NiO structure was designed to better buffer the mechanical stress induced by the volume change of NiO as well as inhibit the aggregation of nanoparticles during conversion reaction. Aiming to facilitate better reaction kinetics compared to pure NiO electrode, graphene nanoplates were added to form NiOG composite film where additional graphene could be helpful for the electron transfer as conductive medium. As a result, porous NiOG composite thin film electrode exhibits high rate capability (759, 774, 614, 447, 243 and 104mAhg−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5Ag−1, respectively) and excellent cycling performance (no capacity decrease for 500 cycles at 0.5Ag−1). From analyzing cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, rate and cyclical performance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was concluded that NiOG composite electrodes exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance compared to NiO electrodes.
We report on a systematic study of the factors affecting the degradation of prototype electrochromic (EC) windows. Our research activities include accelerated lifetime testing, activation analysis studies (AAS), and interfacial analysis studies. EC windows made by several different US companies were subjected to alternate coloring and bleaching voltage cycles while exposed to simulated 1.2-sun UV irradiance in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber. The samples inside the chamber were tested under a matrix of four different environmental test conditions at nominal sample temperatures of 85°C: cycling under irradiance, cycling with no irradiance, irradiance with no cycling, and simple thermal exposure with no cycling. In another accelerated environmental test, we evaluated device performance as a function of activation spectra. We used a series of cut-on filters for performing AAS of photolytically induced degradation of EC window devices. Finally, to identify the interface at which degradation occurs during cycling, we employed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ECIS). The ECIS and electro-optical measurements were systematically and periodically repeated to discover any changes in electrochemical behavior as a function of cycling.
The electrochemical performances of the 2 wt% and 5 wt% Li4Ti5O12 coated carbon microbeads (CMB) composites in the piperidinium-based hybrid electrolytes are investigated. Particularly, the interfacial properties and crystal structures of cycled LTO-CMB electrodes are explored by means of scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance and X-ray diffraction. It is found that, the Li4Ti5O12 coating can help to reduce the interfacial reactions and decrease the initial irreversible capacity. At 0.05 C, the initial coulombic efficiency are improved from 62.7% of pristine CMB to 63.5% of 2% LTO-CMB and 72.5% of 5% LTO-CMB respectively. However, due to its incomplete surface coating, the discharge capacities of 2% LTO-CMB vary with cycle number as an undulate shape, and show a large capacity loss. By contrast, the cycled 5% LTO-CMB covered by a stable and dense granular surface film, shows better rate capability and cycle life. The discharge capacity can always maintain about 290 mAh g−1 during the first 22 cycles at 0.1 C. Even at 1 C or 2 C, the reversible capacity is about 50--100 mAh g−1 higher than the unmodified CMB.
Preparation of highly porous MnO2 and Cr2O3 with regular structure was investigated in this study by using hard template method. Cr2O3 nanoarchitects with regular pore structure and α-MnO2 with porous nanosheet were successfully prepared. By mixing with single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), application of MnO2, Cr2O3 nano architects (Mn-Cr oxides supported SWCNT) was studied as active air electrode for Li-O2 battery which is now expecting as a new rechargeable battery with large capacity. It was found that the synergy effects between two mesoporous metal oxides with SWCNT resulted in excellent electrochemical properties of air electrode. Prepared Mn-Cr oxide supported SWCNT can sustain stable charge and discharge capacity up to 150 cycles with 500 mAh/g without capacity degradation indicating outstanding catalytic activity for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR/OER). Consecutive cyclic voltammetry tests also showed excellent reversibility of formation and decomposition of reaction products of Li2O2. This could be resulted from large pore volume and ordered structure of Cr2O3, MnO2/SWCNT air electrode.
KEYWORDS Gait analysis, Walking stability, Portable instrument, Acceleration, Nonlinear time-series analysis, Aging, Medical application.
The ability to silently hear music in the mind has been argued to be fundamental to musicality. Objective measurements of this subjective imagery experience are needed if this link between imagery ability and musicality is to be investigated. However, previous tests of musical imagery either rely on self-report, rely on melodic memory, or do not cater in range of abilities. The Pitch Imagery Arrow Task (PIAT) was designed to address these shortcomings; however, it is impractically long. In this paper, we shorten the PIAT using adaptive testing and automatic item generation. We interrogate the cognitive processes underlying the PIAT through item response modelling. The result is an efficient online test of auditory mental imagery ability (adaptive Pitch Imagery Arrow Task: aPIAT) that takes 8 min to complete, is adaptive to participant’s individual ability, and so can be used to test participants with a range of musical backgrounds. Performance on the aPIAT showed positive moderate-to-strong correlations with measures of non-musical and musical working memory, self-reported musical training, and general musical sophistication. Ability on the task was best predicted by the ability to maintain and manipulate tones in mental imagery, as well as to resist perceptual biases that can lead to incorrect responses. As such, the aPIAT is the ideal tool in which to investigate the relationship between pitch imagery ability and musicality.
The dynamic behavior of 1.0 mol dm−3 LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) mixed solvent (1:1 in volume) on lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) thin film electrode fabricated by RF-sputtering was investigated by in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The solvation and desolvation reactions of EC and DEC with Li+ ion were observed in the charge and discharge processes of thin film electrode, respectively. In addition, the adsorption of solvent molecules on the electrode surface was suggested by polarized IR analyses. Lithium alkylcarbonate, lithium carboxylate and lithium carbonate were formed as decomposition products of the electrolyte solution at the anodic potential more than 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+.
Co2P/graphene nanocomposites with graphene nanosheets anchoring with Co2P nanorods are prepared by a facile solution method. Their property as anode materials for lithium ion batteries is tested and compared with that of Co2P nanorods without anchoring on graphene. Compared to Co2P counterpart, Co2P/graphene nanocomposites exhibit more enhanced performance in Li-ion reversible capacity and cycleability. It is interesting that in both galvanostatic and rate cyclic performance, capacities show evidently increasing trend with increasing the cycle number, and then keep at an ultimate level around 800–900 mA h g−1 which is much higher than the theoretical capacity of Co2P and graphene. This enhanced property may concern with the abundant microspores in Co2P/graphene nanocomposites and the catalytic decomposition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The effective combination of Co2P nanorods with graphene not only reduces the particle aggregation but also complement the limitations of Co2P as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Legislation, regulations, litigation, and ballot propositions affecting public restroom access for transgender people increased drastically in the last three years. Opponents of gender identity inclusive public accommodations nondiscrimination laws often cite fear of safety and privacy violations in public restrooms if such laws are passed, while proponents argue that such laws are needed to protect transgender people and concerns regarding safety and privacy violations are unfounded. No empirical evidence has been gathered to test such laws’ effects. This study presents findings from matched pairs analyses of localities in Massachusetts with and without gender identity inclusive public accommodation nondiscrimination ordinances. Data come from public record requests of criminal incident reports related to assault, sex crimes, and voyeurism in public restrooms, locker rooms, and dressing rooms to measure safety and privacy violations in these spaces. This study finds that the passage of such laws is not related to the number or frequency of criminal incidents in these spaces. Additionally, the study finds that reports of privacy and safety violations in public restrooms, locker rooms, and changing rooms are exceedingly rare. This study provides evidence that fears of increased safety and privacy violations as a result of nondiscrimination laws are not empirically grounded.
Floodplains are often conceptualized as homogeneous sediment bodies which connect streams with their respective catchment and buffer agricultural inputs. This has led to a general bias within the hydrological community towards research on sites where the floodplain is a clear conduit for groundwater flow. In humid temperate regions of central Europe, floodplains have experienced rapid environmental changes since the last glaciation, yielding significant bedrock weathering and predominantly fine-grained, highly stratified hillslope and floodplain sediments. Such heterogeneous sedimentary architecture leads to conceptual ambiguities in the interpretation of the hydrogeological functioning of floodplains, thus raising the question: Do floodplains act as barriers or conduits to groundwater flow? This study analyzes the Ammer floodplain close to Tübingen in south-western Germany as a representative mid-section floodplain in a temperate climate where the regional bedrock-geology is dominated by mudstones. Geological, geophysical, and geochemical characterization and monitoring techniques were combined to shed light on the internal geological structure as a key control modulating the floodplain hydrology. Two partially separate groundwater systems were identified: a gravel body at the bottom of the Quaternary sediments and a Holocene confined tufaceous aquifer, separated by low-permeability clays. Despite flow being predominantly along-valley, sulfate concentrations in the floodplain aquifers showed evidence of a strong connection to the gypsum-bearing hillslope, particularly where tributary valley sediments are present (e.g., alluvial fans). Results from a floodplain water balance suggest the hillslope- and floodplain-aquifer material act as a barrier to hillslope groundwater recharge, where a large fraction may be bypassing the local floodplain groundwater system.
The current research developed a hierarchical coding scheme to be utilized by vocational counselors and employers to determine feasible job accommodation solutions for disabled workers. The coding scheme divided job accommodation techniques into the following six major categories: (1) job assignment, (2) job analysis and vocational assessment, (3) work instruction and training, (4) environmental modifications (access to facilities, physical and social environment), (5) equipment modifications, and (6) computer-related modifications. Each category was subdivided into several subcategories and items to designate the specific tools and techniques for job accommodation. Based on a hierarchical coding scheme, a database containing job accommodation case examples of qualified employers who had received financial support from the Taiwan Employment and Vocational Training Administration (EVTA) was constructed. The process of turning qualitative information into a quantitative coding system as a basis for constructing a database system can be generalized to databases created for other applications. Relevance to industry The current research developed a hierarchical coding scheme to be utilized by vocational counselors and employers to determine feasible job accommodation solutions for disabled workers. The process of turning qualitative information into a quantitative coding system as a basis for constructing a database system can be generalized to databases created for other applications.
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on issues commonly encountered by, or of concern to, investigators in the clinical research environment. The issues include those related to informed consent for standard and research care, types of advance directives and other surrogate decision-making requirements, the involvement of children in research, maintenance of adequate medical records, protection of confidentiality, liability of clinical researchers, conflicts of interest, and authorship and rights in data. The legal standard for consent to research is not distinct from that required for consent to standard care. Although children may be required to assent to their participation in research, they cannot provide legally valid consent. Determining who has the legal authority to provide consent in the case of a child in foster care, calls for careful investigation. Complete and accurate medical or research records are not only necessary to provide quality care to patients and ensure scientific integrity and verification, but also become the most essential evidence in the event of subsequent litigation, review, audit, or other inquiry. The primary author and the research group ordinarily resolve authorship questions. Although there are no specific legal requirements governing who may or may not claim authorship of a scientific article, professional standards require that the designation of authorship should be based on a substantial contribution
In NW Patagonia, South America, natural shrublands and mixed forests of short Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forst.) Oerst. trees are currently being replaced by plantations with Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco. This land use change is controversial because the region is prone to drought, and replacement of native vegetation by planted forests may increase vegetation water use. The goal of this study was to examine the physiological differences, especially the response of water flux and canopy conductance to microclimate, that lead to greater water use by exotic trees compared to native trees. Meteorological variables and sapflow density of P. menziesii and four native woody species were measured in the growing season 2005–2006. Canopy conductance (gc) was estimated for both the exotic (monoculture) and native (multi-species) systems, including the individual contributions of each species of the native forest. Sapflow density, stand-level transpiration and gc were related to leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (VPD). All native species had different magnitudes and diurnal patterns of sapflow density compared to P. menziesii, which could be explained by the different gc responses to VPD. Stomatal sensitivity to VPD suggested that all native species have a stronger stomatal control of leaf water potential and transpiration due to hydraulic limitations compared to P. menziesii. In conclusion, differences in water use between a P. menziesii plantation and a contiguous native mixed forest of similar basal area could be explained by different gc responses to VPD between species (higher sensitivity in the native species), in addition to particular characteristics of the native forest structure.
Contemporary lead-acid batteries have a high internal resistance and a limited utilization of their positive active materials (PAM). In order to alleviate these problems, lead (alloy) foam-based positive electrodes for lead-acid batteries are prepared by electrodepositing lead on a copper-foam substrate. Using scanning electron microscopy, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, finite element analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, the effect of the lead foam collectors on the electrochemical performance of the positive electrodes is characterized. The thickness of the lead coating has a strong effect on the corrosion-stability of the copper-foam substrate. In addition, the charge/discharge performance of the batteries is greatly improved by the lead-foam collectors. At the 20–2 h discharge rates, the utilization efficiency of the PAM of 40-PPI lead-foam battery is improved by 19–36% from the cast-grid battery. Combined with the finite element analysis, it appears that the 3D connected network structure of the positive lead foam electrode can reduce the surface current density, the polarization resistance, and the ohmic resistance of the battery because of its larger contact area with the active material. As a result, the lead foam battery has a higher utilization efficiency of the PAM.
Human activity recognition (HAR) systems attempt to automatically identify and analyze human activities using acquired information from various types of sensors. Although several extensive review papers have already been published in the general HAR topics, the growing technologies in the field as well as the multi-disciplinary nature of HAR prompt the need for constant updates in the field. In this respect, this paper attempts to review and summarize the progress of HAR systems from the computer vision perspective. Indeed, most computer vision applications such as human computer interaction, virtual reality, security, video surveillance and home monitoring are highly correlated to HAR tasks. This establishes new trend and milestone in the development cycle of HAR systems. Therefore, the current survey aims to provide the reader with an up to date analysis of vision-based HAR related literature and recent progress in the field. At the same time, it will highlight the main challenges and future directions.
A-site deficient (La0.6Sr0.4)1–x Co0.2Fe0.6Nb0.2O3–δ (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.10) symmetrical electrodes (hereafter denoted as LSCFN, LSCFN5, and LSCFN10, respectively) are obtained by doping Nb at the B site of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) cathode. All three electrodes display excellent structural stability both in cathode and anode conditions. The thermal expansion coefficients of the electrodes range within 13.4–14.3 × 10−6 K−1 at 30–900 °C in air and 5% H2/Ar, and these values are close to those of common electrolytes. Furthermore, 20-h electrochemical impedance stability test results indicate that LSCFN10 as anode or cathode possesses excellent electrochemical stability. The introduction of A-site deficiency into LSCFN results in obviously increased oxygen–vacancy concentration and improved electrochemical performance. A single cell with LSCFN10 symmetrical electrode operates well in various fuels, such as H2, sulfur-containing syngas, ethanol, and CH4, and shows favorable electrochemical stability running on CH4 fuel.