batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Several studies in schizophrenia found a positive association between cognitive performance and work status, and it has been reported that good cognitive performance at the outset does predict the success of vocational interventions. However little has been done to investigate whether vocational interventions itself benefit cognitive performance. To test this hypothesis we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate in remitted schizophrenic patients the effect of a 6-months vocational rehabilitation program on cognitive performance. We recruited 112 remitted and clinically stable schizophrenic patients who aimed to enter a vocational rehabilitation program. From these, 57 immediately entered a 6-months vocational rehabilitation program, whereas the remaining 55 were allocated to a waiting-list; the latter formed our control group, which received during the 6months out-clinic follow-up treatment. Before and after the 6-months period we assessed changes in cognitive performance through a neuropsychological test battery, as well as changes in the psychopathological status and in quality of life. We found that vocational rehabilitation significantly improved patients' performance in cognitive measures that assess executive functions (concept formation, shifting ability, flexibility, inhibitory control, and judgment and critics abilities). Moreover, after 6months the vocational group improved significantly in the negative symptoms and in quality of life, as compared to controls. Together with results from the literature, our findings reinforce the notion that the inclusion of vocational interventions may enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia patients.
Carbon coated Fe3O4 composite (Fe3O4@C) with bi-morphological architecture has been prepared via a chemical vapor deposition at 450 °C from Fe2O3 nanoparticles by using acetylene as the deposition vapor and carbon source. The Fe2O3 are fully reduced to Fe3O4 in a 10 min of deposition, showing submicron-sized octahedral Fe3O4 particles coated partially with a thin carbon layer mainly, and a few nano-sized Fe3O4 particles coated with carbon also. The deposition period of 20 min results in a further growth of the octahedral Fe3O4 particles and a reduction of the number of the nano-sized ones, correlating to a thick and fully coated carbon layer. Impurities of iron carbides generate in the composite with further prolonging the deposition to 30 min. The Fe3O4@C composite from 20 min of deposition shows superior electrochemical property to others. An initial reversible capacity of 570 mAh g−1 is obtained and the capacity fading is less than 5% after 60 cycles. The fabrication method is facile and time-saving. Such submicron size-predominated Fe3O4@C composite is hopefully not only favorable in alleviating the agglomeration of the iron oxide during cycling, but also helpful in getting high packing density of the anode material.
In the present paper, the influence of carbon nanofiber on interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP investigated using MMB(Mixed Mode Bending) tests. Vapor grown carbon fiber VGCF and VGCF-S, and multi-walled carbon nanotube MWNT-7 has been employed for the toughener of the interlayer on the CFRP laminates. In order to evaluate the fracture toughness and mixed mode ratio of it, double cantilever beam (DCB) tests, end notched fracture (ENF) tests and mixed mode bending (MMB) tests have been carried out. Boundary element analysis was applied to the CFRP model to compute the interlaminar fracture toughness, where extrapolation method was used to determine the fracture toughness and mixed mode ratio. The interlaminar fracture toughness and mixed mode ratio can be extrapolated by stress distribution in the vicinity of the crack tip of the CFRP laminate. It was found that the interlaminar fracture toughness of the CFRP laminates was improved inserting the interlayer made by carbon nanofiber especially in the region where shear mode deformation is dominant.
To understand the mechanism for and effect of standing water depth on CH4 emissions from freshwater marshes, we measured CH4 emissions as well as labile organic C (LOC) and CH4 concentration in porewater in situ in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China. Average fluxes of CH4 emissions from Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeriana and Deyeuxia angustifolia marshes were 35.6, 31.1 and 25.7mg CH4 m−2 h−1, respectively, during the 3-day measuring period in August 2001, increased as standing water depth incremented from 5 to 20cm. Standing water depth determined the type of marsh plants, which governed CH4 transport, and the amount of plant litters, which resulted in the difference in LOC for methanogenesis among marshes. LOC greatly affected CH4 concentration and total amount of CH4 in porewater, whereas the latter was significantly related with CH4 emissions. The more aboveground plant biomass especially stem density accelerated CH4 emission but was of less importance compared with the standing water among marshes.
Since there is a growing interest worldwide in reducing pollution from sea transport and sea ports activities, one of the biggest issues is to reduce energy consumption and emissions from ground transportation within ports to cranes and other logistic activities. In particular, Rubber Tired Gantry cranes with Diesel engine coupled with electric drive normally brakes the lowering of the container electrically, by dissipating the electric power in resistive loads. This means that energy is consumed to lift the containers and dissipated when it could be recovered, when lowering the load. Thus, one possibility is to recover that energy in a storage system, based on supercapacitors or lithium batteries. This paper starts from experimental measurements conduced on a RTG crane operating in an Italian port. After evaluating real power and energy flows, an appropriate powertrain architecture based on the utilisation of such storage systems was selected, and components properly sized to increase the overall system efficiency. To analyse the different variants and optimize the energy management strategy, a simulation model realised in Modelica language has been used, in order to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the different proposed solutions.
A polymerizable monomer, diphenylamine (DPAn), is reported to act as a safety electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of 3.6V-class lithium ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrated that the DPAn monomer could be electro-polymerized to form a conductive polymer bridging between the cathode and anode of the battery, and to produce an internal current bypass to prevent the batteries from voltage runaway during overcharge. The charge–discharge tests of practical LiFePO4/C batteries indicated that the DPAn additive could clamp the cell's voltage at the safe value less than 3.7V even at the high rate overcharge of 3C current, meanwhile, this monomer molecule has no significant impact on the charge–discharge performance of the batteries at normal charge–discharge condition.
The flow-field for reactant distribution is an important design factor that influences the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Under-rib convection between neighboring channels has been recognized to enhance the performance of PEMFCs with serpentine flow-fields. This study presents a simple design method to generate multi-pass serpentine flow-fields (MPSFFs) that can maximize under-rib convection in a given cell area. Geometrical characterization indicates that MPSFFs lead to significantly higher under-rib convection intensities and more uniform conditions, such as reactant concentrations, temperature, and liquid water saturation, compared with conventional serpentine flow-fields. The implications of the enhanced under-rib convection due to MPSFFs on the performance of PEMFCs are discussed.
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has been proposed as a possible neuroprotective strategy to slow down the progression of early Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we report preclinical data on the use of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (Actos®; Takeda Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) in a paradigm resembling early PD in nonhuman primates.
Kalmar K, Novack TA, Nakase-Richardson R, Sherer M, Frol AB, Gordon WA, Hanks RA, Giacino JT, Ricker JH. Feasibility of a brief neuropsychologic test battery during acute inpatient rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Objectives To determine (1) if more than 50% of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who met study criteria can complete a battery of neuropsychologic tests in less than 75 minutes 2 to 6 weeks after injury regardless of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) status; (2) which tests are most likely to be completed; and (3) range of scores obtained. Design Prospective multicenter observational study. Setting Acute inpatient neurorehabilitation hospitals. Participants Screened 543 Traumatic Brain Injury Model System patients with moderate to severe TBI; 354 were tested at 2 to 6 weeks postinjury. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Percentage of patients able to complete the neuropsychologic tests in less than 75 minutes. Results Two hundred eighteen (62%) patients completed the battery in 66 minutes on average. Mean interval from injury to testing was 28.3±7.1 days. Tests completed with the highest frequency were California Verbal Learning Test−II, FAS, and animal naming. Performance was less impaired (P<.001) on all measures for patients who had emerged from PTA. Conclusions Approximately two thirds of screened patients were able to complete a brief neuropsychologic test battery at 2 to 6 weeks postinjury, regardless of PTA status. Although patients out of PTA were less impaired on all test measures, confusion did not preclude participation in the test battery or prohibit assignment of test scores. Early neuropsychologic assessment after TBI is feasible even for many patients who are still in PTA.
As hybrid and electric vehicles continue to grow in popularity, automotive manufacturers strive to drive down the costs of the lithium-ion battery packs that power them. At the heart of every battery pack design is the choice of what battery cell is right for the job. The features of the selected cell have far-reaching consequences for the characteristics of the final pack and the cost thereof. This paper builds off of two prior simulation-based studies in order to form an analytical framework for predicting the effects of lithium-ion cell size on the cost of air-cooling in aligned battery packs. The findings of this paper validate the conclusion that for a given set of pack requirements, a cell size that minimizes cooling cost can be found. As long as the necessary assumptions are satisfied, the presented analytical method can effectively be used to predict the minimum cost cell size for cylindrical cells in crossflow.
The fastigial nucleus (FN) is a bilateral cerebellar integrative center for saccadic and vestibular control associated with non-motor functions such as feeding and cardiovascular regulation. In a previous study, we identified a tract of myelinated axons embedded in the subventricular zone (SVZ) that is located between the ependymal cells that form the dorsal wall of the ventricle and the glia limitans at the roof of the fourth ventricle González-González (Sci Rep 2017, 7:40768). Here, we show that this tract of axons, named subventricular axons or SVa, contains projection neurons that bilaterally interconnect both FNs. The approach consisted of the use of a battery of fluorescent neuronal tracers, transgenic mouse lines, and immunohistofluorescence. Our observations show that the SVa belong to a wide network of GABAergic projection neurons mainly located in the medial and caudal region of the FN. The SVa should be considered a part of a continuum of the cerebellar white matter that follows an alternative pathway through the SVZ, a region closely associated with the physiology of the fourth ventricle. This finding adds to our understanding of the complex organization of the FN; however, the function of the interconnection remains to be elucidated.
Al foil carefully prepared via an anodization process followed by chromate-phosphate treatment is evaluated for use as a current collector for a cathode powder prepared by the conventional electrode coating method. The formation of an embossed surface on the current collector imparts hydrophilic properties, thereby enhancing the adhesion capabilities of the cathode active material. In Li-ion cells where LiCoO2 is employed as the active cathode material, the embossed Al foil is an electrochemically stable current collector when in contact with other cell components during the charge–discharge processes. This also produces a notable decrease in the polarization associated with the electrical disconnection between the active material and the Al current collector, which ultimately results in a stable cycle life at high current densities.
This paper addresses the following general scenario: a scientist wishes to perform a battery of experiments, each generating a sequential stream of data, to investigate some phenomenon. The scientist would like to control the overall error rate in order to draw statistically valid conclusions from each experiment, while being as efficient as possible. The between-stream data may differ in distribution and dimension but also may be highly correlated, even duplicated exactly in some cases. Treating each experiment as a hypothesis test and adopting the familywise error rate (FWER) metric, we give a procedure that sequentially tests each hypothesis while controlling both the type I and II FWERs regardless of the between-stream correlation, and only requires arbitrary sequential test statistics that control the error rates for a given stream in isolation. The proposed procedure, which we call the sequential Holm procedure because of its inspiration from Holm׳s (1979) seminal fixed-sample procedure, shows simultaneous savings in expected sample size and less conservative error control relative to fixed sample, sequential Bonferroni, and other recently proposed sequential procedures in a simulation study.
In recent years, we are witnessing a substantially growing scientific interest in MOFs and their derived materials in the field of electrocatalysis. MOFs acting as a self-sacrificing template offer various advantages for the synthesis of carbon-rich materials, metal oxides, and metal nanostructures containing graphitic carbon-based materials benefiting from the high surface area, porous structure, and abundance of metal sites and organic functionalities. Yet, despite recent advancement in the field of MOF-derived materials, there are still several significant challenges that should be overcomed, to obtain better control and understanding on the factors determining their chemical, structural and catalytic nature. In this minireview, we will discuss recently reported advances in the development of promising methods and strategies for the construction of functional MOF-derived materials and their application as highly-active electrocatalysts for two important energy-related reactions: nitrogen reduction to produce ammonia, and CO2 reduction into carbon-based fuels. Moreover, a discussion containing assessments and remarks on the possible future developments of MOF-derived materials toward efficient electrocatalysis is included.
With a 2 MW solar energy capacity, the Tibet Autonomous Region has become a leading area for making use of various forms of energy. According to recent statistics, the alternative energy replaces the annual consumption of 127,000 tonnes of standard coal, worth 100 million yuan (US$12 million).
Triple-layered sandwich nanotubes of carbon@mesoporous TiO2 nanocrystalline@carbon were prepared through coating hydrous titania and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin on carbon nanotubes followed by controllable crystallization and carbonization. Material characterization indicated that TiO2 nanocrystalline with the size of 5–6 nm was uniformly assembled to the mesoporous sandwich layer of carbon nanotube-in-nanotube, leading to large specific surface area of 465.4 m2 g−1 and large pore volume of 0.695 ml g−1. As anode material for lithium ion batteries, triple-layered sandwich nanotubes exhibited high lithium storage capacity (244 mAh g−1 at 0.1C), good rate capability (115 mAh g−1 at 5C), and excellent cycling stability (191 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiency of 100.2% was retained after 200 cycles at 0.2C, presenting 79% of capacity retention ratio). The superior lithium storage properties should be attributed to synergistic superiorities of TiO2 nanocrystalline, the mesoporous sandwich layer structure and carbon nanotube-in-nanotube. These unique structural characteristics effectively reduce Li+ diffusion length; enhances intercalation storage capability and pseudocapacitive interfacial storage capability of TiO2; provides sufficient space to accommodate volume variation of TiO2 nanocrystalline; increases electron conductivity and structure stability of TiO2. It is anticipated that the present triple-layered sandwich nanotube provides a unique carbon-based hybrid structure for other energy storage materials.
Polymer based carbon aerogels were prepared by synthesis of a resorcinol formaldehyde gel followed by pyrolysis at 1073K under Ar and activation of the resultant carbon under CO2 at different temperatures. The prepared carbon aerogels were used as active materials in the preparation of cathode electrodes for lithium oxygen cells and the electrochemical performance of the cells was evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance measurements. It was shown that the storage capacity and discharge voltage of a Li/O2 cell strongly depend on the porous structure of the carbon used in cathode. EIS results also showed that the shape and value of the resistance in the impedance spectrum of a Li/O2 cell are strongly affected by the porosity of carbon used in the cathode. Porosity changes due to the build up of discharge products hinder the oxygen and lithium ion transfer into the electrode, resulting in a gradual increase in the cell impedance with cycling. The discharge capacity and cycle life of the battery decrease significantly as its internal resistance increases with charge/discharge cycling.
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are particularly well suited for storing the intermittent excess supply of renewable electricity, so-called “junk” electricity. Conventional RFBs are charged and discharged electrochemically, with electricity stored as chemical energy in the electrolytes. In the RFB system reported here, the electrolytes are conventionally charged but are then chemically discharged over catalytic beds in separate external circuits. The catalytic reaction of particular interest generates hydrogen gas as secondary energy storage. For demonstration, indirect water electrolysis was performed generating hydrogen and oxygen in separate catalytic reactions. The electrolyte containing V(II) was chemically discharged through proton reduction to hydrogen on a molybdenum carbide catalyst, whereas the electrolyte comprising Ce(IV) was similarly discharged in the oxidation of water to oxygen on a ruthenium dioxide catalyst. This approach is designed to complement electrochemical energy storage and may circumvent the low energy density of RFBs especially as hydrogen can be produced continuously whilst the RFB is charging.
This paper analyzes a hybrid energy system performance with photovoltaic (PV) and diesel systems as the energy sources. The hybrid energy system is equipped with flywheel to store excess energy from the PV. HOMER software was employed to study the economic and environmental benefits of the system with flywheels energy storage for Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The analysis focused on the impact of utilizing flywheel on power generation, energy cost, and net present cost for certain configurations of hybrid system. Analyses on fuel consumption and carbon emission reductions for the system configurations were also presented in this paper.
Current guidelines for dementia care recommend the combination of drug therapy with non-pharmaceutical measures like counselling and social support. However, the scientific evidence concerning non-pharmaceutical interventions for dementia patients and their informal caregivers remains inconclusive. Targets of modern comprehensive dementia care are to enable patients to live at home as long and as independent as possible and to reduce the burden of caregivers. The objective of the study is to compare a complex intervention including caregiver support groups and counselling against usual care in terms of time to nursing home placement. In this paper the study protocol is described.
Polyaniline/single-wall carbon nanotube (PANI/SWCNT) composites were prepared by in situ potentiostatic deposition of PANI onto SWCNTs at the potential of 0.75V versus SCE, with the aim to investigate the influence of microstructure on the specific capacitance of PANI/SWCNT composites. It was found that the specific capacitance of the PANI/SWCNT composites is strongly influenced by their microstructure, which is correlated to the wt.% of the PANI deposited onto the SWCNTs. The optimum condition, corresponding to the highest specific capacitance, 463Fg−1 (at 10mAcm−2), was obtained for 73wt.% PANI deposited onto SWCNTs. The specific capacitance of the PANI/SWCNT composite electrode was highly stable, with a capacitive decrease of 5% during the first 500 cycles and just 1% during the next 1000 cycles, indicative of the excellent cyclic stability of the composite for supercapacitor applications.
The application of zeolite Y-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (zeolite Y-MWCNT/GCE) in the electroanalysis of Cu2+ ion is presented. In order to bring out the unique advantage of the zeolite Y-MWCNT/GCE, experiments were carried out also at graphite/GCE, MWCNT/GCE and zeolite Y-graphite/GCE. For the same surface area, the performance of zeolite Y-MWCNT/GCE was superior to the other modified electrodes in terms of current sensitivity for Cu2+ ion. The combination of zeolite Y and MWCNT as a nanocomposite resulted in a good synergetic effect. The Cu+2 ion sensor exhibited a linear calibration range between 5 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.12 × 10−8 mol L−1 (0.72 ppb).
In this study, the electrochemical performance of a polyaniline-based porous ternary composite (PNHFeG) electrode material is reported for a high-performance supercapacitor. The PNHFeG ternary composite was prepared through in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of a binary composite NHFeG that involves the combination of flower-like nanostructured Ni(OH)2 and iron oxide-doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe-RGO). The porous ternary PNHFeG composite with high surface area (239 m2 g−1) notably exhibits maximum specific capacitance (Csp) of 2714 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 current density, along with 98.5% retention of its initial capacitance even after 2000 cycles. Moreover, even at a higher current density of 30 A g−1, the composite electrode material maintains a remarkable Csp value of 1223 F g−1. Finally, the PNHFeG electrode material reveals a power density of 1498 W kg−1, along with a maximum energy density of 135.7 Wh kg−1 at 5 A g−1, suggesting that the current composite electrode material can be considered as a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor applications.