batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This article presents a meta-ethnography (Urrieta Jr and Noblit (eds), Cultural constructions of identity: meta ethnography and theory, Oxford University Press. 2018.
Cybersickness describes the nausea and discomfort that frequently emerges upon exposure to a virtual reality (VR) environment. The extent to which cybersickness leads to temporary constraints in cognitive functioning after VR exposure is a critical aspect of evaluating the risk to human safety where VR tasks are used for workforce training. Here, we examined whether VR exposure results in deteriorated cognitive spatial ability and attention, and if this possible deterioration is related to cybersickness. A standardized cognitive test battery consisting of Corsi blocks task (CBT), Manikin spatial task (MST), and color trails test (CTT-A and -B) was administered before and after participants were exposed to virtual reality (VR group), or engaged in interactive board games (control group). The performance of participants in CBT remained unchanged from pre-test to post-test in both groups, while performance in MST improved in the control and remained stable in VR group. Response times in CTT-A remained stable in the VR group but reduced significantly in the control group. Regarding CTT-B, participants from both groups became significantly faster in post-test. We did not observe any significant sex differences, or effects of past VR experience, across measures of cognitive performance or cybersickness. Crucially, no significant correlations were found between cognitive performance changes and cybersickness scores in any cases. The results provide encouragement for the use of VR in professional settings, suggesting that VR and cybersickness may minimally limit subsequent cognitive processing. However, it will be crucial to further examine the aftereffects in other cognitive functions.
Operating in the depth-varying oceanic environment, the buoyancy of deep-sea underwater gliders (UGs) will change with depth due to pressure hull deformation and seawater density variation. As the buoyancy variation caused by these two factors is of the same order of magnitude as the nominal net buoyancy, hull deformation and seawater density variation will accordingly affect the dynamic behaviors of deep-sea UGs. In this paper, a full dynamic model was established using Newton-Euler method for a deep-sea UG, PETREL-II. The hull deformation and seawater density variation, fitted as the functions of depth, are considered in the model. Comparisons of results obtained by sea trials, the full dynamic model and the simpler dynamic model without considering hull deformation and seawater density variation showed that the proposed full dynamic model can more truly reflect dynamic behaviors of the glider. Comparisons of simulation results for the full and simpler dynamic models showed hull deformation and seawater density variation have great effect on pitch angle and velocity of the gliders. Through analysis of motion control strategy, a buoyancy compensation scheme was proposed to reduce the negative effect of hull deformation and seawater density variation, and was validated to be effective by sea trials.
Composites consisting of polyaniline (PANI) coatings inside the microporosity of an activated carbon fibre (ACF) were prepared by electrochemical and chemical methods. Electrochemical characterization of both composites points out that the electrodes with polyaniline show a higher capacitance than the pristine porous carbon electrode. These materials have been used to develop an asymmetric capacitor based on activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode and an ACF–PANI composite as positive electrode in H2SO4 solution as electrolyte. The presence of a thin layer of polyaniline inside the porosity of the activated carbon fibres avoids the oxidation of the carbon material and the oxygen evolution reaction is produced at more positive potentials. This capacitor was tested in a maximum cell voltage of 1.6V and exhibited high energy densities, calculated for the unpackaged active materials, with values of 20Whkg−1 and power densities of 2.1kWkg−1 with excellent cycle lifetime (90% during the first 1000 cycles) and high coulombic efficiency.
Plasma P-tau18 level increased with progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and differentiated AD dementia from other neurodegenerative diseases, supporting its further development as a blood-based biomarker for AD.
Functional neuroimaging studies in normal subjects indicate that a region in the left frontal operculum (FO) is more active when subjects read pronounceable nonwords as compared to most word types. Here, we report convergent evidence on this finding using the lesion method. We tested the prediction that subjects with left FO damage would have impaired reading of pronounceable nonwords, but relatively intact reading of most word types. Eleven target subjects with circumscribed left FO lesions, and two comparison groups of either brain-damaged or normal subjects matched to the target subjects for age, sex, handedness, and education, were studied using reading tasks derived from previous neuroimaging work. As predicted, the FO group was significantly less accurate than the comparison groups at reading nonwords. By contrast, the FO subjects showed relatively intact word reading, a pattern consistent with the syndrome of “phonological dyslexia”. The FO subjects, however, did exhibit particular difficulty reading low frequency words with inconsistent grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences (e.g., PINT), which parallels the finding from functional imaging studies that reading such items produces more activation in left FO than reading high frequency words and low frequency words with consistent grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences (e.g., JADE) (Fiez et al., 1999). In several follow-up experiments, we found that the FO subjects were also impaired on other phonological tasks that have been associated with left frontal opercular activation in functional neuroimaging studies. The findings converge nicely with extant functional imaging work, and provide further evidence that regions within the left FO are part of a system that makes specific and critical contributions to some of the phonological processes that support reading.
There is an enormous growth in mobile phone consumption worldwide which leads to generation of a large volume of mobile phone waste every year. The aim of this review is to give an insight on the articles on mobile phone waste management and recycling, published in scientific journals, major proceedings and books from 1999 to 2015. The major areas of research have been identified and discussed based on available literature in each research topic. It was observed that most of these articles were published during the recent years, with the number of articles increasing yearly. Material recovery and review on management options of waste are found to be the leading topics in this area. Researchers have proved that economically viable refurbishing or recycling of such waste is possible in an environmentally friendly manner. However, the literatures indicate that without proper consumer awareness, a recycling system cannot perform to its maximum efficiency. The methodologies followed and analytical techniques employed by the researchers to attain their objectives have been discussed. The graphical representations of available literature on current topic with respect to year of publication, topics and location have also been explored.
Among the silicon (Si)-based anode materials, Si/SiO x is likely to be the best candidate for maintaining structural stability while taking advantage of the high capacity of Si as well as the compatible functionality between Si and SiO x . The oxygen content of SiO x is an especially significant factor for obtaining better performance, because it directly affects electrochemical properties such as reversible capacity, structural stability, and electrical conductivity. Herein, we have synthesized SiO x materials with different oxygen contents via magnesiothermic reduction of silica. The theoretical capacities of a series of Si/SiO x samples were estimated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and then those results were compared with empirical results. This work paves the way to predicting the electrochemical performances of lithium-ion battery anodes based on oxygen content in the nonstoichiometric Si/SiO x structure.
In contrast to amphoteric graphite, the layer-type oxides or chalcogenides generally play the role of acceptors in chemical or electrochemical intercalation reactions. Due to the more ionic character of the MO bonds, the structural evolution of the oxides may usually be explained on hand of electrostatic considerations, or in terms of cation oxido-reduction. For the more covalent chalcogenides, the occupancy of higher energy levels in the band structure by the transferred electrons constitute mostly a prevailing factor, giving rise to structural changes but also to modifications of the physical properties. The ionic character of the MO bonds accounts for the strong tendency of the oxides to undergo 2D→3D transformations as a result of intercalation processes. Such features are determining for the choice of the electrode materials for lithium–ion batteries as far as users require high electrode capacity, stability, and cyclability.
A strong association exists between neurocognitive disorders and early-life adversity, and experimental animal models support a causal relationship, in addition to the critical effects of genetics and gene–environment interactions.The emotional aspects of adversity, including unpredictability of environmental and parental signals, most profoundly influence cognitive outcomes.Mechanistically, early-life adversity might disrupt the normal maturation of the brain circuits that underlie cognitive functions by modulating synaptic maturation and pruning.Novel cross-species imaging and epigenomic technologies hold promise for identifying mechanisms, biomarkers and mechanism-based preventive approaches and interventions.
Caspase-3 inhibition has been demonstrated to be therapeutically effective in moderating excessive programmed cell death. Interest in caspase-3 as a therapeutic target has led many to pursue the development of inhibitors. To date, only a few series of non-peptide inhibitors have been described, and these have limitations on their drug-like properties.
The most highlighted point of this work to emphasize is that it is the first trial to use Mn3O4 oxide as a precursor to synthesize orthorhombic LiMnO2 by the hydrothermal method. A well-ordered orthorhombic LiMnO2 phase was formed by the hydrothermal treatment of Mn3O4 with excess LiOH aqueous solution at 170°C. According to TEM observation, the as-synthesized powder was single crystalline particle oxide. Comparing with other orthorhombic LiMnO2 prepared by low temperature synthetic route and by high temperature calcination, the orthorhombic LiMnO2 prepared by the hydrothermal route showed enhanced battery performance as a lithium battery cathode material. We believe that the new hydrothermal synthesis is expected as an excellent alternative of powder preparation method of high capacity cathode material to be used for Li-ion secondary battery.
As in the case of supercapacitors, spinel NiCo2O4 shows the main drawbacks of objectionable pseudocapacitive mechanism, low-voltage polarization effect and confined ion-reaction dynamics, which result in constrained development, narrow work voltage, and low loading mass. Herein we combined two strategies to address these issues. The first one is to design the flower-like NiCo2O4 through Ostwald ripening of ultrathin Ni-Co layered double-hydroxide petals. And the second one is to balance the asymmetrical capacitance for further promoting capacitive behavior. With rationally designing the nano-/micro-structures, flower-like NiCo2O4 shows highly porous ultrathin petals interconnected with each other and massive interspaces between the petals. This unique microstructure endows flower-like NiCo2O4 with rapid electrolyte ions diffusion and mass transfer reaction. Consequently, the flower-like NiCo2O4 electrodes exhibit a high capacity of ∼350 C g−1 even the loading mass of up to 9 mg cm−2. More importantly, the hybrid supercapacitors, assembled with flower-like NiCo2O4 as cathode, deliver a high specific capacity of ∼85 F g−1 with capacitive ratio up to 74.3%, and a high working voltage of 1.55 V. The transformation of conventional battery-like materials into novel capacitive dominated materials through nano/micro-structural design and balance of asymmetrical capacitance is helpful to further understand the pseudocapacitive mechanism of transition metal oxides/sulfides and therefore will promote their practical application in next-generation of hybrid supercapacitors.
In this article, we employed nitrogen gas treatment as an effective strategy in caclination to significantly improve the performance of hierarchical macro-/mesoprous TiO2 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries at an elevated temperature of 55°C. Room-temperature synthesized macro-/mesoprous TiO2 was calcined under nitrogen and air conditions at 300°C for 3h, respectively. The specific surface area was studied by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement and the surface chemistry was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the macro-/mesoprous TiO2 had a specific surface area of 330m2 g−1 after calcination under nitrogen atmosphere, while only 248m2 g−1 after calcination under air atmosphere. Electrochemical tests showed that, in comparison to air-treated TiO2, nitrogen-treated TiO2 exhibited considerable high capacity and good rate performance as a lithium ion battery anode at the elevated temperature (55°C). It had a capacity of 293mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at mixed current densities of 30, 150, and 500mAg−1, while the air-treated TiO2 only had a capacity of 187mAhg−1 after 50 cycles. This improvement of lithium ion storage capability can be ascribed to the nitrogen-treatment effect on crystallinity and the presence of surface defects on TiO2 nanostructure.
Batteries have great promise for facilitating the grid integration of renewable energy and powering electric vehicles. One critical concern for the scale-up of battery production is the availability of the elements used in battery couples. We provide the first systematic comparison of supply limits and extraction costs of the elements in battery couples against short- and long-term scaling goals. Several couples can scale well beyond short- and long-term grid-storage goals, including: Na/S, Zn/Cl2, and FeCl2/CrCl3. Li-based couples currently have the performance characteristics most suitable for electric vehicles, yet scaling beyond 10MM vehicles per year will demand significant increases in Li production. We also provide a framework to evaluate new couples, such as those based on Mg, which may be an alternative to Li-based couples. While the extraction costs of the elements used in current battery couples are, in many cases, below 10$kWh−1, the cost of finished battery cells is in the range of 150–1000$kWh−1, well above cost targets of 100$kWh−1 for both grid and transportation applications. Currently high costs remain a critical barrier to the widespread scale-up of battery energy storage.
Recursive algorithms, such as recursive least squares (RLS) or Kalman filters, are commonly used in battery management systems to estimate the electrical impedance of the battery cell. However, these algorithms can in some cases run into problems with bias and even divergence of the estimates. This article illuminates problems that can arise in the online estimation using recursive methods, and lists modifications to handle these issues. An algorithm is also proposed that estimates the impedance by separating the problem in two parts; one estimating the ohmic resistance with an RLS approach, and another one where the dynamic effects are estimated using an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) that is novel in the battery field. The algorithm produces robust estimates of ohmic resistance and time constant of the battery cell in closed loop with SoC estimation, as demonstrated by both in simulations and with experimental data from a lithium-ion battery cell.
Organic carbonyl compounds are regarded as the next-generation Na-ion competitors, but the high solubility into organic electrolyte and low electronic and ion conductivity limited their large-scale application. In this study, organic terephthalate potassium (K2TP) was newly introduced as an advanced anode for low cost Na-ion batteries. After in-situ synthesized with suitable graphene (25%wt), the as-prepared K2TP-25G nanocomposite can exhibit remarkable specific capacity of 135 mAh g−1 at 1 C over 200 cycles with stable capacity retention, which is superior to reported organic anodes for Na-ion batteries. The excellent electrochemical behaviors are ascribed to its stable and spacious lattice structure, the low solubility in common organic electrolyte of K2TP, as well as the formed K2TP-25G nanocomposite which can efficiently enhance the electronic conductivity and shorten the Na-ion pathway. These results are of importance to look insight into new organic electrode materials design for energy storage.
Electrical testing of batteries, voltammetry and surfaces analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) were used to investigate the origin of the second voltage plateau. The electrical testing results show that there is a direct coupling between graphite loss and the appearance of the second voltage plateau. The graphite loss was shown to increase for float charging at elevated temperatures and high potentials. The effect of graphite particle size distribution was also investigated. Voltammetry of discharged material, Ni(OH)2, and charged material, β-NiOOH and γ-NiOOH, in carbon paste showed that the second voltage plateau did not originate from the redox properties of the material, or the presence of carbonate in the material or in the electrolyte. Therefore, the second voltage plateau is believed to appear whenever an increased internal resistance arises, may it be due to graphite loss, swelling or some other factor.
A novel one-pot synthesis strategy has been developed to prepare organic modified LiFePO4/C nanocrystals under organic molecules assisted supercritical water (SCW) conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results indicate that crystalline LiFePO4 nanocrystals are formed under SCW conditions. The smallest ever reported LiFePO4 nanocrystals with size ca. 15nm are obtained by one-pot synthesis at 400°C in short reaction time. The SCW conditions along with suitable surfactants facilitated the in situ organic modification of LiFePO4 with controlled particles size. Further, addition of CNT during the SCW synthesis helps in developing conductive carbon coating on the surface after heat treatment.
A simple and low-cost method involving pencil-drawing and electrodeposition is introduced to fabricate graphite/polyaniline hybrid electrodes on paper for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. The as-prepared hybrid electrodes, which are chemically stable, show a low sheet resistance of 32.3Ωsq−1 and a high areal capacitance of 355.6mFcm−2 at a current density of 0.5mAcm−2. The paper-based symmetric supercapacitors assembled by two pencil-drawing graphite/polyaniline networks hybrid electrodes exhibit a volume capacitance of 3.55Fcm−3 at a current density of 4.57mAcm−3, and an energy density of about 0.32mWhcm−3 at a power density of 0.054Wcm−3 normalized to the whole volume of the solid-state device. These encouraging results show their great potential in flexible and solid-state energy storage systems.
The electrode balancing defines the state of charge (SoC) of a lithium-ion cell and is a crucial point considering lifetime and safe operation. The electrode balancing varies during fatigue which results in changes of the individual electrode potentials for fixed (dis-)charge voltages of the full-cell. Therefore the materials are cycled closer or beyond their electrochemical (meta-)stability window. This leads to accelerated degradation reactions or even to safety problems. The origin of the changes in the cell balancing is the limited amount of mobile lithium, which decreases during cycling due to the loss of lithiated active material a), the reduction of accessible lattice sites in the active materials b) and the loss of active lithium outside the electrodes c). In most of the commercial cells a) and b) can be attributed to the cathode, c) occurs due to reactions on the anode surface. Changes in the electrode balancing of three differently fatigued 7 Ah lithium-ion cells are investigated by electrochemical cycling of full- and half-cells, assembled from cell components of the fatigued 7 Ah cells. Based on these results the observed performance drop is assigned to a), b) or c) mentioned above and the capacity losses are quantified.
Two polymer hosts have been used to prepare composite electrolytes, i.e. PEO (M W=1×106) and a triblock copolymer [poly(propylene glycol–ethylene glycol–propylene glycol)] with M W=2000. The effect of the LiAl5O8 addition on the properties of electrolytes prepared with polyether–LiI was studied. The aluminate ceramic powder was prepared by coprecipitation and calcined at 1150°C. The main goal of the present investigation is to compare the two classes of composite electrolytes with polyether–LiI with a composition fixed at n=molar ratio of [O]/[Li]=20. LiAl5O8 powder was dispersed by ultrasound in the electrolyte matrix in a range of concentrations up to 20 wt%. Differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated that all materials are semi-crystalline, and the triblock composites show a smaller glass transition (T g=−28°C at 20 wt% of ceramic) than that of PEO electrolytes (−16°C at 20 wt% of ceramic). Thermomechanical analyses were performed using penetration mode and the composite electrolytes exhibited a significant increase in mechanical stability. The ionic conductivity of both systems (PEO and triblock–LiI–LiAl5O8) is 5×10−4 S/cm at 80°C. The triblock composite shows a conductivity of one order of magnitude higher than that of the PEO material near room temperature as a consequence of the decrease in crystallinity after a first heating. This result raises the interest in the development of composites based on a triblock polyether.
Background To provide long-term ambulatory cardiopulmonary and respiratory support for adult patients, a novel wearable artificial pump-lung device has been developed. The design features and in vitro and acute in vivo performance of this device are reported. Methods This device features a uniquely designed hollow-fiber membrane bundle integrated with a magnetically levitated impeller that together form one ultracompact pump-lung device, which can be placed like current paracorporeal ventricular assist devices to allow ambulatory support. The device is 117 mm in length and 89 mm in diameter and has a priming volume of 115 ml. In vitro hydrodynamic, gas transfer and biocompatibility experiments were carried out in mock flow-loops using ovine blood. Acute in vivo characterization was conducted in an ovine model by surgically implanting the device between right atrium and pulmonary artery. Results The in vitro results show that the device with a membrane surface area of 0.8 m2 was capable of pumping blood from 1 to 4 liters/min against a wide range of pressures and transferring oxygen at a rate of up to 180 ml/min at a blood flow of 3.5 liters/min. Standard hemolysis tests demonstrated low hemolysis at the targeted operating condition. The acute in vivo results also confirmed that the device can provide sufficient oxygen transfer with excellent biocompatibility. Conclusions Based on in vitro and acute in vivo study findings, this highly integrated wearable pump-lung device can provide efficient respiratory support with good biocompatibility and it is ready for long-term evaluation.