batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The increasing trend of replacing traditional fossil fuels by renewable energy sources in the last 5 years leads to a more sustainable energy supply. In particular, the volatile energy generation and the fluctuating consumption cause imbalances in the power grid. Furthermore, the trading interactions in the electricity exchange market result in frequency deviations. To ensure a stable energy supply, robust balancing systems are necessary. This challenging issue can be solved by the integration of battery storage systems in the power grid. Based on this motivation the M5BAT project was established. Within this project, a 5 MW and 5 MWh battery storage system was built. The system is composed of five different battery technologies. One of the aims of the project is to investigate what kind of battery type or which combinations of batteries can be used in an economical way, with respect to different marketing strategies. Within this context frequency control reserve market has a great profiability potential in Germany. In order to ensure a holistic understanding and to derive a resilient evaluation of the BSS, it was operated with 2 MW in the frequency control market. The operation is controlled by an intelligent energy management system, which has a high influence on an economical operation. For analyzing these effects, the energy throughput for each trading week will be determined with regards to the degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the saving potentials by using degree of freedom compared to non-using degree of freedom are evaluated. A further aim of this contribution is the investigation of lifetime. Therefore, the aging rates based on the average state of energy and cycling are determined. Moreover, the profitability of the M5BAT system during frequency control reserve operation is analyzed.
It is more than 25 years since movement in rebates for pathology have been adjusted by negotiations based on the movement of the costs of provision of services. The pathology industry has relied on growth in demand and industry restructuring to deliver an efficiency dividend to the community and profit to providers. The industry faces decreasing opportunity for efficiency gains and continued growth in demand is not guaranteed. The public sector suffers collateral damage as those services provided by them to private or community based patients are delivered without the opportunity to achieve the efficiencies of the private industry. With an increasing range of tests and an increased emphasis on preventative medicine, the challenge is to provide sufficient funds to underwrite the current and future appropriate use of pathology. The Commonwealth, as the major underwriter of health services, needs our input to decide how to get best value out of the available funds and be confident that the money spent delivers necessary services of an acceptable quality and that they are affordable and accessible to our community. They do not readily invite our strategic involvement and are wary of those inputs which appear to be based on self-interest. The enviable quality of Australian pathology is threatened by the absence of an effective strategic interface between laboratory professionals, funders and the community.
The morphological evolution of tin particles with different sizes during the first lithiation and delithiation processes has been visualized by an in operando synchrotron transmission X-ray microscope (TXM). The in operando lithium ion battery cell was operated at constant current condition during TXM imaging. Two-dimensional projection images with 40 nm resolution showing morphological evolution were obtained and analyzed. The analysis of relative area change shows that the morphology of tin particles with different sizes changed simultaneously. This phenomenon is mainly due to a negative feedback mechanism among tin particles in the battery electrode at a constant current operating condition. For irregular-shaped tin particles, the contour analysis shows that the regions with higher curvature started volume expansion first, and then the entire particle expanded almost homogeneously. This study provides insights for understanding the dynamic morphological change and the particle-particle interactions in high capacity lithium ion battery electrodes.
Melt-spun Si based alloy materials have gained much attention as high capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high capacity and relatively low production cost. However, their long-term cycle performance should be further improved for the commercial success. Herein, it is demonstrated that the electrochemical performances of Si/TiFeSi2 active-inactive nanocomposite anode material could be further improved by the microstructural modification using its mechanical deformation. With the help of high-energy mechanical milling, the microstructural tuned Si/TiFeSi2 nanocomposite material showed a reversible capacity of more than 1000mAhg−1 with stable capacity retention up to 100 cycles. Ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis coupled with potentiostatic intermittent titration technique revealed that refining the sizes of the active Si and inactive TiFeSi2 limited the lithiation of Si phase to Li21Si8 and this suppressed lithiation led to less volume changes of the electrodes and the improvement of the mechanical integrity of Si/TiFeSi2 nanocomposite material.
Nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMCO) powders have been fabricated by hydrothermal method followed by a calcination. The present work reports for the first time in the open literature, the effects of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) amount and calcination temperature on the NMCO powder’s size and morphology. In this regard, the NMCO composite powders are designed to optimize their performances as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The morphology, composition and structure of powders have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic and impedance spectroscopy tests have been employed to investigate the lithiation mechanism of the composite electrode. The results reveal that the lowest amount of NH4F (1.5 mmol) in the precursor solution and the lowest calcination temperature (250 °C) lead to form NMCO rods with 100 nm diameter and 3–5 µm length. This newly designed rod-shaped NMCO powder presents a high rate performance. The average discharge/charge capacities are 1224/1129, 968/939, 856/826, and 744/712 mAh g−1 when the current load increases from 50 to 100, 200 and 400 mA g−1, respectively.
As 3D applications in mobile devices have become increasingly popular, mobile GPUs have become one of their most essential components. Because the lifetime of these devices is generally battery-limited, the tradeoff between energy consumption and user experience has become an important issue. Conventional mechanisms include the use of fixed-point and reducing the precision of floating-point to reduce the energy consumption of the shader in a mobile GPU. A fixed-point has a narrower numerical range than a floating-point, but is faster and more energy-efficient. However, reduced precision floating-point has a wider numerical range but consumes more energy. In this work, an Energy-aware Hybrid Precision Selection (EHPS) framework is proposed to integrate the above mechanisms with a profile-based precision selection mechanism to maximize energy savings. In addition, a built-in energy model is used to evaluate whether fixed-point or reduced floating-point is more energy-efficient for the current application. The more energy-efficient option will be used to render the current application to save more energy. The results reveal that the proposed EHPS framework reduces the energy consumed by the shader by an average of 33.66% and 31.63% in the low and high-quality modes, respectively. The average PSNRs of the resulting images are 26.89dB and 45.94dB in these two rendering modes, respectively. The proposed EHPS framework yields a better image quality and uses less energy than related works.
We probed the developmental and behavioral consequences of a single episode of kainic acid-induced early-life seizures (KA-ELS) in the rat on postnatal day 7. Correlates of developmental trajectory were not altered, demonstrating that long-term consequences following KA-ELS are not initiated by secondary causes, such as malnourishment or alterations in maternal care. We report reduced marble burying in adult rats, suggestive of restricted interests, a trait common to experimental and clinical autism. We did not detect increased repetitive grooming during habituated cage behavior. However, we did detect reduced grooming in adult KA-ELS rats in the presence of an unfamiliar rat, supporting altered social anxiety following KA-ELS. Reanalysis of a social approach task further indicated abnormal social interactions. Taken together with previous physiological and behavioral data, these data support the hypothesis that KA-ELS lead to a latent autistic phenotype in adult rats not attributable to other early alterations in development.
The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive operational flexibility evaluation of different Multi-energy Microgrid (MEM) options. This is done by incorporating Mixed Integer Liner Programming (MILP) model for annual simulations and expanding it with Receding Horizon Model Predictive Control (RH-MPC) algorithm for short term daily operational analyses. The model optimizes flows of various energy vectors: heat, fossil fuels (natural gas), cooling and electricity, coordinating different microgrid elements with the goal of serving final consumer needs and actively participating in energy markets. The second novelty of the work is in the approach to multi-energy operational flexibility assessment, capturing different technologies, MEM configurations and different modelling concepts. When MEM is connected to the upstream power system its flexibility manifests as capability to alleviate variability and uncertainty in local production of RES and demand. On the other hand, when operating isolated from the rest of the system, the main flexibility indicator is minimum waste of energy while ensuring the satisfaction of all demand needs (electrical and heating/cooling). Following on this, multiple MEM configurations have been analyzed, showing different levels of available flexibility and capability to follow scheduled day-ahead exchange with the rest of the system, but also different amounts of wasted/curtailed energy in off-grid mode. Additionally, detailed analyses are performed concerning algorithm approximations which are often introduced in MEM modelling, such as efficiency of generation units. While these approximations have smaller impact on annual operational flexibility assessment (the difference is around 2–5% in terms of total cost), the result clearly show their significant impact on daily operational flexibility estimates.
An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) has been used to study the effects of electrolyte composition (MnSO4 and H2SO4 concentrations) and anodic current density on the electrodeposition of manganese dioxide. The EQCM, in tandem with the electrode voltage during deposition, has been used to characterize features of the deposition mechanism such as the relative lifetime of the Mn(III) intermediate, the rate of soluble Mn(III) hydrolysis to form MnOOH, and the porosity of the resultant manganese dioxide deposit as a function of crystal nucleation. The connection between the results obtained here and commercial electrodeposition of manganese dioxide were also discussed.
An initial investigation of cognitive functions in 32 children, aged 7 to 15 years, with rolandic epilepsy (RE), using an extensive test battery, was followed 2.5 to 3 years later by a second assessment of 26 of these children, using the same technique. The initial investigation reported cognitive deficits in memory and learning of auditory–verbal material together with executive functions compared with controls. At the second assessment, the ability for immediate memory, memory and learning of visuospatial as well as auditory–verbal material and delayed recall was the same in the RE group as in the control group. On one of the tests measuring executive functions, Verbal Fluency, the RE group scored significantly lower than controls. With respect to reading and writing ability, the children with RE had some difficulty with word comprehension. Nonverbal reasoning was the same in the two groups, as was general IQ. In conclusion, the children with RE did not present any major cognitive difficulties when a mean of approximately 5 years had passed since onset of the typical syndrome, and at a time when most of them were seizure-free. Maturational factors apparently are of importance to the course of RE.
The application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is largely depended on the high energy density electrode system since it suffers from intrinsic high voltage of Na (0.33V vs. Li). To overcome these limitations, we propose a high-voltage sodium-ion full cell via cathodic polarization suppression. NASICON structured Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode and poorly-graphitized hard carbon (HC) anode are synthesized as the targeted materials through an easily scalable coprecipitation method and a simple biomass-directed technique, respectively. Through morphologic optimization and carbon decoration, the NVP half cell demonstrates a high output voltage of 3.4V, ultralong cyclability (over 4000 cycles) and distinguished rate capability (77mAhg−1 at 150C), which is attributed to the enhanced electrical transport behaviors and carrier transmission dynamics. When extended to NVP//HC, the overpotential has been successfully restrained, and the full cell exhibits a theoretical average voltage of 3.3V, which shows substantial increases in the energy density (>20%) compared to bulk and bare NVP based full cell. The prototype design of high-energy and low-cost sodium-ion full cell in this work opens the door for accelerating the development and application of SIBs.
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potentials in the future applications of both large scale energy storage and powering the electrical vehicle. Critical challenges including low volumetric energy density, high cost and maintenance greatly impede the wide application of conventional RFBs based on inorganic materials. Redox-active organic molecules have shown promising prospect in the application of RFBs, benefited from their low cost, vast abundance, and high tunability of both potential and solubility. In this review, we discuss the advantages of redox active organic materials over their inorganic compart and the recent progress of organic based aqueous and non-aqueous RFBs. Design considerations in active materials, choice of electrolytes and membrane selection in both aqueous and non-aqueous RFBs are discussed. Finally, we discuss remaining critical challenges and suggest future directions for improving organic based RFBs.
This study investigates the economic and environmental performance of a photovoltaic (PV) and microgas turbine trigeneration system (MGT-TGS) based hybrid energy system with various operation strategies. The hybrid system covers power, heating and cooling load of a selected building under a tropical region. A case of MGT-TGS without PV was also studied for comparison. Each system had an MGT with electrical output capacity of 30kW or 65kW as the core prime mover. Economic performance was analyzed using life cycle cost analysis and environmental performance was analyzed based on the actual emissions of MGT reported in literatures. It was found that all operation strategies can only generate Net Profit when subsidy for electricity was eliminated. Combination of photovoltaic and MGT-TGS with power-match operation strategy had the highest Net Profit and was the simplest hybrid system. This was mainly because this system did not require battery that has high cost. However, this system had low environmental performance especially when they are compared to a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) because larger MGTs in this system operated frequently under partial load. Operation strategy that had smaller MGT that operated under full load can still generate Net Profit but at lower degree because it needs larger PV and battery. However, it was the only operation strategy that can reduce all emissions even when compared to a CCGT. Thus, this is the best operation strategy when economic and environmental performance are fairly considered.
Electrochemically charging induced phase transition is a common and thermodynamically-driven phenomenon for variety of cathode materials, which couples with chemical and mechanical effects leading to performance degradation. Phase transition is particularly complex for layered sodium transition metal oxides and its related detrimental effects remain elusive. Herein, we take P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (P2-NNM) as an example to scrutiny the detrimental consequences upon high voltage cycling. We find that repeated P2-O2 phase transition breaks down cathode primary grains by generating high density of intragranular cracks, which is qualitatively proved to be the main cause of performance decay. Intriguingly, the nucleation and growth of intragranular crack is through loss of atoms rather than cleavage, resembling the stress corrosion cracking mechanism which preferentially nucleates at P2/O2 phase boundary. Moreover, we find the P2-structured cathode is not sensitive to surface degradation, which explains the superior performance of P2-NNM cathode when cycling at low voltage.
We report a simple and reliable method to electrochemically synthesize PANi on aluminum carbon (Al/C).Aluminum electrodes were coated with hard black graphite. Polyaniline was then deposited in steps from +0.75 V to +0.825 V (V vs. Ag/AgCl) in low pH growth solutions containing aniline and camphor sulphonic acid. The polyaniline films were rinsed in hydrazine solution and dried in an infrared oven under a nitrogen atmosphere. The films were transferred and are stable in a 50:50 (v/v) propylene carbonate (PC)/acetonitrile (ACN) solvent mixture containing 0.5 M LiClO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge capacities are reported. Microscope (SEM) images of Al/C/PANi and Pt/PANi films show similar structural details and morphology. The specific capacity for Al/C/PANi in nonaqueous solutions was ca. 133 mAh g−1, in good agreement with the reported data for other PANi-based electrodes. The performance studies and SEM images demonstrate similar results for Pt/PANi and Al/C/PANi electrodes.
Renewable energy integrated into electric power systems, such as hydropower, solar, and wind power, has been the primary choice for many countries. However, both wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation have strong randomness, volatility and intermittency. Large-scale of them connected to grid proved both a threat and a challenge for the safe and stable operation of electric power systems. Pumped storage stations integrated to a hybrid power system with solar and wind power for China are under construction to tussle with this challenge. Historically, modeling of a pumped storage station integrated a hybrid power system has been ignored the interaction effect between the shaft vibration and the governing strategies, which will increase the dynamic risk of the pumped storage station disconnected immediately to the hybrid power system. Here we unify the models of the hydro-turbine governing system and the hydro-turbine generator unit with a novel expression of the hydraulic force. A hybrid power system model with solar-wind-hydro power is established using Matlab/Simulink. Furthermore, we quantify all the parameter’s interaction contributions of the pumped storage station integrated to the hybrid power system with the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity text method and validate this model with the existing models. Finally, we show the feasibility of the pumped storage station model in integrating the hybrid power system under steady and fault scenarios.
Electrochemical behavior of Ag, Bi, Cu, Fe, Ni and Sn substrates on zinc deposition was evaluated over battery cycling by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of Bi, Cu, Ni, and Sn substrates on zinc electrodeposition during battery cycling was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion behavior of each metal in 9M KOH and the corrosion rates of zinc plated on each substrate were analyzed by Tafel extrapolation method from the potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Although the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of zinc electrodeposition is lowest on Sn, Sn eventually corrodes on cycling in alkaline media. Use of Ni as a substrate causes zinc to deteriorate on account of rapid hydrogen evolution. Bi and Cu substrates are more suitable for use as current collectors in zinc-anode alkaline rechargeable batteries because of their low corrosion rate and compact zinc deposition over battery cycling.
Challenges to developing lithium-ion batteries include achieving high-energy density, low irreversibility, and lithium-ion transportation at electrode material interfaces. Numerous studies have used ameliorative electrode surfaces, composite materials, or modified electrolytes to improve battery performance. This study creates an ionic host solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) material using electrochemical self-polymerization. This ionic host SEI is fabricated with carbon oxide-containing functional groups CO and OC(O) on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anode surface to improve the performance of lithium-ion battery, including reversible capacity and c-rate ability. The results show that the ionic host SEIs on rGO material provides additional 84% of energy density increment. Compared to the graphite material, the energy density can only be increased 3.7% because of the lack of functional groups on the graphite surface. By using this technique to fabricate functional groups on electrode surfaces and prepare suitable electrolyte additives, lithium-ion batteries perform better and exceed previous manufacturing processes.
Intellectual disability (ID) has an estimated prevalence of 1.5–2%. In most affected individuals, its genetic basis remains unclear. Whole exome sequencing (WES) studies have identified a multitude of novel causative gene defects and have shown that a large proportion of sporadic ID cases results from de novo mutations. Here, we present two unrelated individuals with similar clinical features and deleterious de novo variants in FBXO11 detected by WES. Individual 1, a 14-year-old boy, has mild ID as well as mild microcephaly, corrected cleft lip and alveolus, hyperkinetic disorder, mild brain atrophy and minor facial dysmorphism. WES detected a heterozygous de novo 1 bp insertion in the splice donor site of exon 3. Individual 2, a 3-year-old boy, showed ID and pre- and postnatal growth retardation, postnatal mild microcephaly, hyperkinetic and restless behaviour, as well as mild dysmorphism. WES detected a heterozygous de novo frameshift mutation. While ten individuals with ID and de novo variants in FBXO11 have been reported as part of larger studies, only one of the reports has some additional clinical data. Interestingly, the latter individual carries the identical mutation as our individual 2 and also displays ID, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, behavioural anomalies, and dysmorphisms. Thus, we confirm deleterious de novo mutations in FBXO11 as a cause of ID and start the delineation of the associated clinical picture which may also comprise postnatal microcephaly or borderline small head size and behavioural anomalies.