batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin; TCDD) is a pervasive environmental contaminant that induces hepatic and extrahepatic oxidative stress. We have previously shown that dioxin increases mitochondrial respiration-dependent reactive oxygen production. In the present study we examined the dependence of mitochondrial reactive oxygen production on the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), proteins believed to be important in dioxin-induced liver toxicity. Congenic Ahr(−/−), Cyp1a1(−/−) and Cyp1a2(−/−) knockout mice, and C57BL/6J inbred mice as their Ahr/Cyp1a1/Cyp1a2(+/+) wild-type (wt) counterparts, were injected intraperitoneally with dioxin (15 μg/kg body weight) or corn-oil vehicle on 3 consecutive days. Liver mitochondria were examined 1 week following the first treatment. The level of mitochondrial H2O2 production in vehicle-treated Ahr(−/−) mice was one fifth that found in vehicle-treated wt mice. Whereas dioxin caused a rise in succinate-stimulated mitochondrial H2O2 production in the wt, Cyp1a1(−/−), and Cyp1a2(−/−) mice, this increase did not occur with the Ahr(−/−) knockout. The lack of H2O2 production in Ahr(−/−) mice was not due to low levels of Mn2+-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) as shown by Western immunoblot analysis, nor was it due to high levels of mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) activity. Dioxin decreased mitochondrial aconitase (an enzyme inactivated by superoxide) by 44% in wt mice, by 26% in Cyp1a2(−/−) mice, and by 24% in Cyp1a1(−/−) mice; no change was observed in Ahr(−/−) mice. Dioxin treatment increased mitochondrial glutathione levels in the wt, Cyp1a1(−/−), and Cyp1a2(−/−) mice, but not in Ahr(−/−) mice. These results suggest that both constitutive and dioxin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen production is associated with a function of the AHR, and these effects are independent of either CYP1A1 or CYP1A2.
Background A recent factor analysis of Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) data in a sample of schizophrenia-spectrum patients described a three factor model representing processing speed, attention/working memory, and learning; the social cognition measure was excluded from the analysis. The current analyses sought to replicate a three factor structure of the MCCB in a larger, more diagnostically diverse sample of participants. Methods Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the MCCB in 300 outpatients with severe mental illness (54.3% schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses) who were participants in three studies of cognitive remediation. Exploratory analyses were conducted to evaluate the concurrent prediction of symptoms from MCCB factor scores. Results The three factor structure of the MCCB demonstrated stronger model fit (χ2 =14.53, p =0.75, SRMR=0.02, RMSEA=0.0, CFI=1.00, NNFI=1.01) than the unifactoral structure. Poorer cognitive performance across all three MCCB factors was significantly correlated with more severe overall and disorganization symptoms from the PANSS and BPRS, and less severe affective symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety) in the overall sample. Conclusions A three factor structure of the MCCB—composed of processing speed, attention/working memory, and learning—was replicated in a heterogeneous sample of persons with severe mental illness. Cognitive performance on the MCCB factors is associated with clinical symptoms.
Language disorders of degenerative origin are frequently tied to Alzheimer disease (AD) the different variants of which can result in primary and secondary aphasia syndromes. More specifically, Alzheimer pathology can primarily erode frontal, temporal or parietal language cortices resulting in three genuine AD language variants which account for about 30% of primary degenerative aphasias. Likewise, it can spread from non-language to language cortices leading to secondary language disorders like in typical amnesic AD and in several atypical AD variants. This paper reviews the whole set of AD variants by characterising their impact on the neural language system and on linguistic functioning. It also provides cues for diagnostic strategies which are essential for linguistic, syndromic and nosological patient classification, for adequate clinical follow-up and for guiding language rehabilitation. Such diagnostic approaches, founded on detailed linguistic phenotyping while integrating anatomical and neuropathological findings, also represent a crucial issue for future drug trials targeting the physio-pathological processes in degenerative aphasias.
We used light-level-based geolocation to study the spatio-temporal behaviour of Siberian Rubythroats Calliope calliope breeding in the Amur region of the Russian Far East. Three retrieved devices revealed long-distance migrations, with southwestward movement from Amur through Northeast China in autumn, with the tracked individuals reaching their wintering grounds in southern China and Indochina without major detours and apparently on a route slightly further west than that of the return migration in spring. A single stopover occurred in two of the three birds in both spring and autumn in China. Migration was faster in spring compared to autumn. The birds spent most of their time in seasonal habitats on their temperate breeding sites, and in less seasonal habitats on their tropical wintering grounds. Departure from and arrival at their breeding site coincided with decreasing and increasing vegetation greenness, respectively. This is the first study presenting year-round tracking data for a songbird migrating from mainland Eurasia to Southeast Asia along the East Asian flyway.
The quest for understanding the structural mechanisms of material properties and biological cell functions has led to the active development of coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) and its variants in the hard X-ray regime. Herein, we propose multiple-shot CDI, a full-field CDI technique dedicated to the visualisation of local nanostructural dynamics in extended objects at a spatio-temporal resolution beyond that of current instrumentation limitations. Multiple-shot CDI reconstructs a “movie” of local dynamics from time-evolving diffraction patterns, which is compatible with a robust scanning variant, ptychography. We developed projection illumination optics to produce a probe with a well-defined illumination area and a phase retrieval algorithm, establishing a spatio-temporal smoothness constraint for the reliable reconstruction of dynamic images. The numerical simulations and proof-of-concept experiment using synchrotron hard X-rays demonstrated the capability of visualising a dynamic nanostructured object at a frame rate of 10 Hz or higher.
Publisher Summary Materials and energy are the resource inputs to manufacturing processes as well as throughout the supply chain of a company. The materials intensity of a product may be measured in the total materials used to produce one product unit. Similarly, the energy intensity is the energy used to produce one product unit. Energy and materials are inputs to the process and the desired output is the product to be sold. Six factors that can be considered for reduction in the manufacturing process are: material intensity, energy intensity, amount of waste not recycled or reused, amount of depleting resources used, service intensity, and health and environmental risk. The goal is to design energy efficient products that can be manufactured with energy efficient methods. Remanufacturing is the process of reconditioning a part or module so that it is suitable for use in a new product. A subassembly or module is taken apart, cleaned, and reconditioned so that it can be used again.
The skutterudite-type CoSb3 alloy was prepared using levitation melting. The electrochemical properties of CoSb3 were investigated using Li ion model cells, Li/LiPF6(EC+DMC)/CoSb3. It was found that the first reversible capacity is about 420 mA h g−1. Ex-situ XRD (X-ray diffraction) experiments have been used to characterize the electrochemical lithiation and de-lithiation mechanism of CoSb3 alloy. The results revealed that when CoSb3 is intercalated by Li ions, it decomposes into Co and Sb first, followed by the formation of the Li3Sb phase, which is dispersed in the Co matrix. When Li ions are removed from Li3Sb, Co and Sb atoms cannot reconstruct CoSb3, while the Li–Sb alloying and de-alloying processes are reversible.
The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the interaction between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of cognitive impairment. The studies that fulfilled certain inclusion criteria were selected from online databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted, and subgroup analysis was performed according to the study area, population sources, and types of cognitive impairment. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were evaluated. In total, 30 studies from 25 articles, including 2 case-control studies, 9 cohort studies, and 19 cross-sectional studies, were included. Subgroup analysis showed that despite the presence of hospital-based and multi-center subgroups in the cohort studies, the association between T2DM and cognitive impairment risk was statistically significant in all other subgroups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sensitivity and publication bias analysis showed good stability in all enrolled studies. T2DM might be associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Further studies on early detection and appropriate management of cognitive impairment might be required in T2DM patients of different regions.
Possible future developments of lithium rechargeable batteries are discussed. Lithium ion liquid electrolyte batteries are now well established, with energy densities of up to around 150Whkg−1. There are prospects of increases in the energy density to perhaps 200–250Whkg−1 by using new cathode materials (lithium nickel cobalt oxide) and light weight construction. High power cells make it possible for these batteries to find new uses, e.g. in military applications. Some new materials could reduce the cost, which might make lithium rechargeable batteries economic for electric vehicles.
This paper deals with a DC-micro-grid with renewable energy. The proposed method is composed of a gearless wind power generation system, a battery, and DC loads in a DC distribution system. The battery helps to avoid the DC over-voltages by absorbing the power of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) during line-fault. In addition, the control schemes presented in this paper including the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and a pitch angle control for the gearless wind turbine generator. By means of the proposed method, high-reliable power can be supplied to the DC distribution system during the line-fault and stable power supply from the PMSG can be achieved after line-fault clearing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined in a MATLAB/Simulink® environment.
The present study (1) develops a dynamic, individual hierarchical model of the importance of vacations to Quality of Life (QOL), and (2) introduces this concept as a novel segmentation base, acknowledging that not all people want to go on vacation. The proposed Grevillea Model of the Importance of Vacations for Quality of Life is tested empirically by examining 1000 survey responses. Results show that 10% of Australians perceive vacations as critical to QOL. Another 60% perceive vacations add to, but they are not essential to QOL. Practical tourism marketing implications include: (1) vacations are not important to all people; therefore, mass marketing is a waste of resources, (2) people viewing vacations as essential to QOL represent a highly attractive market segment because they are likely to be crisis-resistant, and (3) a vacation's importance to QOL changes over life-stages.
Working memory capacity (WMC) refers to the capacity of working memory, the ability to maintain, manipulate, and access mental representations as needed to support complex cognition. WMC varies widely across individuals and predicts higher-order cognitive abilities, which influence academic achievement in the domain of mathematics and science learning. If we understand the causal model of WMC, we can enhance the academic achievement. Currently, there is less study on Thai student's WMC. There were nine observed variables. Data were collected from 212 students, grade 7th - 12th, using Computerized Battery Test1 (CBT1) to measure recognition, attention and working memory while doing simple tasks, and using Computerized Battery Test2 (CBT2) to measure WMC. The data were analyzed by the M-Plus Statistical Modeling Program. The results showed that The causal model was fitted with the empirical data (x 2 =0.241, RMSEA= 0.03, CFI= 0.976, TLI= 0.963, SRMR= 0.048). The guide can be developing WMC of Thai children.
Information about the copper electrodeposition mechanism at different pH values was obtained using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique, as well as potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. In agreement with the measurements obtained from the EQCM and potentiostatic experiments, an intermediate Cu+ species and a CuO layer are formed. Simultaneous mechanism of direct reduction of Cu2+ and copper oxide (CuO) reduction at pH 2.0 and 4.5 occur. The EIS experiment shows a diffusion-controlled process by the presence of a Warburg element, a CPE related to the irregular metallic copper electrodeposition, and a resistance of the electrodeposit.
Residential demand response (DR) has gained a significant increase in interest from industrial and academic communities as a means to contribute to more efficient operation of smart grids, with numerous techniques proposed to implement residential DR programmes. However, the proposed techniques have been evaluated in scenarios addressing different types of electrical devices with different energy requirements, on different scales, and have compared technique performance to different baselines. Furthermore, numerous review papers have been published comparing various characteristics of DR systems, but without comparing their performance. No existing work provides an experimental evaluation of residential DR techniques in a common scenario, side-by-side comparison of their properties and requirements derived from their behaviour in such a scenario and analysis of their suitability to various domain requirements. To address this gap, in this paper we present four self-organizing intelligent algorithms for residential DR, which we evaluate both quantitatively and qualitatively in a number of common residential DR scenarios, providing a performance comparison as well as a benchmark for further investigations of DR algorithms. The approaches implemented are: set-point, reinforcement learning, evolutionary computation, and Monte Carlo tree search. We compare the performance of approaches with regards to energy-use patterns (such as reduction in peak-time energy use), adaptivity to changes in the environment and device behaviour, communication requirements, computational complexity, scalability, and flexibility with respect to type of electric load to which it can be applied, and provide guidelines on their suitability based on specific DR requirements.
A new ionic liquid formed by coupling 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (TDI−) anion with N-butyl -N-methyl-pyrrolidinium (Pyr14 +) cation is successfully synthesized and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermal and rheological analyses, as well as electrochemical techniques. The Pyr14TDI-LiTDI mixture, melting at 49°C, shows remarkable stability within the 50–250°C range, as well as suitable ionic conductivity, lithium ion transport, and electrochemical stability window. Thus, it is proposed for application at 60°C in a lithium cell with stable LiFePO4 cathode. At this temperature, the electrolyte has viscosity of 65.8mPa s, ionic conductivity of the order of 5mScm−1, and limiting current density of 10−2 mAcm−2. Lithium metal/LiFePO4 cells with such an electrolyte offer promising results in terms of stable LiFePO4/electrolyte interface, investigated by impedance spectroscopy, as well as delivered capacity above 160mAhg−1 with 81% of retention after 80 galvanostatic cycles.
The oral spelling process for logographic languages such as Chinese is intrinsically different from alphabetic languages. In Chinese only a subset of orthographic components are pronounceable and their phonological identities (i.e., component names) do not always correspond to the sound of the whole characters. We show that such phonological identities can nevertheless be selectively preserved when visual-motoric compositions are lost. We report a Chinese right-handed dysgraphic individual with left temporal and occipital damage, MZG, who was severely impaired in writing Chinese characters but was able to orally spell the same characters using the names of pronounceable components. MZG’s writing deficit arose at the level of processing that is dedicated to the retrieval of the shapes (allographics) of the writing components. Such patterns show that phonological identities of components are part of the orthographic representation of Chinese characters, and that dissociation between oral and written spelling modalities is universal across different script systems. The temporal and occipital lobes in the language-dominant hemisphere are possibly important regions for allographic conversion in writing.
In this article, the author rethinks critiques of the learning society using Giorgio Agamben’s theory of potentiality. Summarizing several major contributions to our understanding of the limitations of the discourse of learning, the author proposes that critics thus far have failed to fully pinpoint the exact danger of learning. Importantly, learning is not only a rejection of the democratic or political dimension of education but it is first and foremost predicated on a false ontology of potentiality. What is put at risk in learning is a sacrifice of our (im)potential, our capacity to be or not to be this or that within the order of things. Through a reconstruction of Agamben’s theory of studying, the author argues for a different conceptualization of freedom in education, of teaching, and of the time of education.
Biomass carbon material derived from dandelion was synthesized by pyrolysing with controlled pseudographtic domain dimension at different temperatures. These domains exhibit larger volume with expanded the average width (La), thickness (Lc) and the average number of graphite layers (n) when increasing the pyrolysing temperature. When tested as anodes in Na-ion battery, the electrochemical results show the biomass carbon displays a superior specific capacity of 361 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. Further research finds increasing La, Lc and n leads to greatly higher plateau capacity below 0.1 V without changing sloping capacity above 0.1 V, indicating the amount of sodium ions de-intercalation between graphite layers is highly sensitive to the dimension of pseudographtic domain. Besides, overlarge dimension of pseudographtic domains are found to hinder the diffusion of Na+ between the graphite layers with obvious capacity loss. This work suggests controlling pseudographtic domain dimension could provide practical reference to pursue higher Na+ storage performance.
With the alarming rise in the deaths due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), present medical research scenario places notable importance on techniques and methods to detect CVDs. As adduced by world health organization, technological proceeds in the field of cardiac function assessment have become the nucleus and heart of all leading research studies in CVDs in which electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is the most functional and convenient tool used to test the range of heart-related irregularities. Most of the approaches present in the literature of ECG signal analysis consider noise removal, rhythm-based analysis, and heartbeat detection to improve the performance of a cardiac pacemaker. Advancements achieved in the field of ECG segments detection and beat classification have a limited evaluation and still require clinical approvals. In this paper, approaches on techniques to implement on-chip ECG detector for a cardiac pacemaker system are discussed. Moreover, different challenges regarding the ECG signal morphology analysis deriving from medical literature is extensively reviewed. It is found that robustness to noise, wavelet parameter choice, numerical efficiency, and detection performance are essential performance indicators required by a state-of-the-art ECG detector. Furthermore, many algorithms described in the existing literature are not verified using ECG data from the standard databases. Some ECG detection algorithms show very high detection performance with the total number of detected QRS complexes. However, the high detection performance of the algorithm is verified using only a few datasets. Finally, gaps in current advancements and testing are identified, and the primary challenge remains to be implementing bullseye test for morphology analysis evaluation.
Background Schizophrenia is accompanied by significant impairment in psychosocial functioning, which is only partially explained by clinical symptom severity. Recently, these impairments have been strongly associated with deficits in neurocognition and social cognition. Although the Global Assessment of Function (GAF) scale remains the most widely used measure of psychosocial function in clinical practice, it is unclear whether this instrument is sensitive to changes in cognition, or merely provides a snapshot of symptom severity. To investigate this, we assessed whether variation in GAF score was explained by performance on measures of neurocognitive and social cognition, particularly after variation associated with symptom severity had been accounted for. Methods 216 patients with schizophrenia were assessed using the GAF scale, two theory of mind tasks (the ‘Hinting’ task and ‘Reading the Eyes in the Mind’ task), and a neuropsychological battery sensitive to the areas of deficit typically seen in schizophrenia — IQ, episodic memory, working memory and attentional control. Results Using linear regression analysis, symptom severity explained 24% of the variance in GAF scores (F(3, 188)=21.14, p <.001). While neuropsychological performance explained a further 4.7% of variation (r 2 change =.047, Fchange (1, 187)=12.63, p <.001), social cognition did not explain any further variance in functioning (r 2 change =.006, Fchange (1, 186)=1.63, p =.20). Conclusion These data indicate that GAF scores are primarily sensitive to variation in clinical symptoms severity and not at all sensitive to variation in social cognition, an important determinant of real world outcome. Doing so highlights the need to supplement the measurement of psychosocial function using the GAF in clinical practice with functional measures that are more sensitive to deficits in social cognition.