batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The hydrogen economy presents a compelling future energy picture, especially for the transportation sector. The obstacles, such as low-cost hydrogen production, lack of high-density hydrogen storage approaches, costly infrastructure, and safety concerns are prohibiting its large-scale implementation. To address the above challenges, we propose a new solution – use of starch or cellulose (C6H10O5) from biomass as a hydrogen carrier. This new solution is based on the invention of complete conversion of glucans (starch and cellulose) and water to hydrogen and carbon dioxide as C6H10O5 (aq) + 7H2O (l) → 12H2 (g) + 6CO2 (g). The production of hydrogen from carbohydrates is a nearly carbon-neutral process based on the whole carbon cycle. The use of low-cost renewable carbohydrate as a high hydrogen density carrier (14.8 H2 mass %) may solve problems such as hydrogen production, storage and distribution, as well as address safety concerns. Increasing hydrogen generation rate (power density) and decreasing costs are two major tasks prior to this technology's wide implementation. Analysis based on past scientific knowledge and technical achievements suggests that sugar-powered vehicles could become real in the future with intensive R&D efforts. Here we are calling for international R&D collaborations to pursue the holy grail of the carbohydrate hydrogen economy.
Electrochemical and thermal properties of Co3(PO4)2- and AlPO4-coated LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode materials were compared. AlPO4-coated LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes exhibited an original specific capacity of 170.8mAhg−1 and had a capacity retention (89.1% of its initial capacity) between 4.35 and 3.0V after 60 cycles at 150mAg−1. Co3(PO4)2-coated LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes exhibited an original specific capacity of 177.6mAhg−1 and excellent capacity retention (91.8% of its initial capacity), which was attributed to a lithium-reactive Co3(PO4)2 coating. The Co3(PO4)2 coating material could react with LiOH and Li2CO3 impurities during annealing to form an olivine Li x CoPO4 phase on the bulk surface, which minimized any side reactions with electrolytes and the dissolution of Ni4+ ions compared to the AlPO4-coated cathode. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed Co3(PO4)2-coated LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode material had a much improved onset temperature of the oxygen evolution of about 218°C, and a much lower amount of exothermic-heat release compared to the AlPO4-coated sample.
Unlike the aphasic syndromes, the organization of affective prosody in brain has remained controversial because affective-prosodic deficits may occur after left or right brain damage. However, different patterns of deficits are observed following left and right brain damage that suggest affective prosody is a dominant and lateralized function of the right hemisphere. Using the Aprosodia Battery, which was developed to differentiate left and right hemisphere patterns of affective-prosodic deficits, functional–anatomic evidence is presented in patients with focal ischemic strokes to support the concepts that (1) affective prosody is a dominant and lateralized function of the right hemisphere, (2) the intrahemispheric organization of affective prosody in the right hemisphere, with the partial exception of Repetition, is analogous to the organization of propositional language in the left hemisphere and (3) the aprosodic syndromes are cortically based as part of evolutionary adaptations underlying human language and communication.
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries present abundant solar potential, which to some extent has been exploited for electricity production. However, the largest part of this potential remains still unexploited. The scope of this paper is to present the best practices in exploiting solar energy in selected MENA countries. First the general structure of energy market related to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for each analyzed country is presented. Then the exploitation of solar energy via PVs with special focus to the achievements in rural electrification, which could be used as a paradigm for other countries with similar problems, is displayed. MENA countries are promising for the wide application of concentrating solar plants (CSP), as recent research has shown, and some interesting applications in this area, also presented in this paper, have started being implemented.
Hydrophobic ionic liquid–silica–PVdF-HFP polymer composite electrolyte is synthesized and employed in lithium air batteries for the first time. Discharge performance of lithium air battery using this composite electrolyte membrane in ambient atmosphere shows a higher capacity of 2800mAhg−1 of carbon in the absence of O2 catalyst, whereas, the cell with pure ionic liquid as electrolyte delivers much lower discharge capacity of 1500mAhg−1. When catalyzed by α-MnO2, the initial discharge capacity of the cell with composite electrolyte can be extended to 4080mAhg−1 of carbon, which can be calculated as 2040mAhg−1 associated with the total mass of the cathode. The flat discharge plateau and large discharge capacity indicate that the hydrophobic ionic liquid–silica–PVdF-HFP polymer composite electrolyte membrane can effectively protect lithium from moisture invasion.
Metal Organic Frameworks or related carbon materials are the ideal materials for supercapacitors due to their high surface area and unique porous structure. Here, we propose a new green and recyclable synthesis method of porous carbon. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and trimesic acid (BTC) are employed as raw materials to obtain aluminium trimesic (denoted as Al-BTC) via their covalent reaction. Then, the porous carbon is obtained through carbonization and dissolving process to remove the aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Al(OH)3 is recovered by the Bayer method for the next batch. The SEM images show that the porous carbon has rugby-like morphology with the same of 400 nm wide and 1000 nm long which indicates the porous carbon with c/a ratio of 2.5 providing the largest specific volume surface area. The sample offers 306.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and it can retain 72.2% even at the current density of 50 A g−1. In addition, the porous carbon provides excellent durability of 50,000 cycles at 50 A g−1 with only 5.05% decline of capacitance. Moreover, the porous carbon has an ultrafast charge acceptance, and only 4.4 s is required for one single process, which is promising for application in electric vehicles.
Nowadays, the optimum technical design of Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System (PV-BESS) is crucial for ensuring their economic feasibility, which implies the minimum cost sizing of the system components. In fact, a good design of the off-grid PV-BESS system allows the outages to be avoided, ensures the quality and the security of the power supply, from the one hand, and guarantees the economic and environmental benefits, from the other one. In this context, this paper analyses the technical and economic viability of an off-grid PV-BESS for Charging Electric Vehicles (EVs). The study is performed using HOMER software and meteorological data of Madrid, Spain, and by applying the load shifting principle. In order to verify the effectiveness and rentability of the studied system, its efficiency has been compared to grid- connected charging points, considering the environmental aspects. The obtained results demonstrate that the off-grid PV-BESS are technically and economically viable and reliable. Moreover, they are profitable while allowing a significant reduction of the air pollution.
The purpose of this work is to describe and review the current status of the recycling technologies of spent NiMH batteries. In the first part of the work, the structure and characterization of NiMH accumulators are introduced followed by the description of the main scientific studies and the industrial processes. Various recycling routes including physical, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical ones are discussed. The hydrometallurgical methods for the recovery of base metals and rare earths are mainly developed on the laboratory and pilot scale. The operating industrial methods are pyrometallurgical ones and are efficient only on the recovery of certain components of spent batteries. In particular fraction rich in nickel and other materials are recovered; instead the rare earths are lost in the slag and must be further refined by hydrometallurgical process to recover them. Considering the actual legislation regarding the disposal of spent batteries and the preservation of raw materials issues, implementations on laboratory scale and plant optimization studies should be conducted in order to overcome the industrial problems of the scale up for the hydrometallurgical processes.
Arrays of Pt@RuO2 core–shell nanotubes were prepared by electrodeposition of RuO2 on Pt nanotubes and evaluated as electrochemical microsupercapacitor electrodes. Specific capacitance of ca. 1585 and 1280 F g − 1 RuO 2 is obtained at sweep rates of 2 and 500 mV s−1, respectively, demonstrating high utilization factor of RuO2 due to facilitated transport of protons and electrons. The specific geometric capacitance for the Pt@RuO2 core shell nanotubes electrode is 320 mF cm−2 at 2 mV s−1 and 256 mF cm−2 at 500 mV s−1.
Background Few studies have systematically investigated insomnia in adults with epilepsy. Methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional investigation of the prevalence, severity, and comorbidities of insomnia in 90 adults with epilepsy using a battery of self-reported instruments and polysomnography. We quantified insomnia severity using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results Fifty-nine of 90 (65.5%) adults with epilepsy reported insomnia (ISI≥8), moderate or severe (ISI≥15) in 28.9%. Good agreement between standard clinical diagnostic criteria and ISI was found for patients with ISI scores <8 and ≥15. Scores on the modified Beck Depression Inventory (mBDI) (r=0.25, p=0.021), the original BDI (r=0.32, p=0.002), and self-reported total sleep duration (TSD) (r=−0.3, p=0.006) were significantly related to ISI score. A multiple regression model found that decreased TSD (ß=−0.93, p=0.007), head trauma (ß=4.37, p=0.003), sedative–hypnotic use (ß=4.86, p=0.002), AED polytherapy (ß=3.52, p=0.005), and asthma/COPD (ß=3.75, p=0.014) were predictors of a higher ISI score. For 63 patients with focal epilepsy, an increased mBDI (ß=0.24, p=0.015), decreased TSD (ß=−1.11, p=0.008), asthma/COPD (ß=4.19, p=0.02), and epilepsy surgery (ß=5.33, p=0.006) were significant predictors of an increased ISI score. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) showed a trend for greater severity compared with those with extra-TLE (ß=−2.92, p=0.054). Conclusions Our findings indicate that severity of insomnia in adults with epilepsy is more likely to be associated with comorbid medical and depressive symptoms and less likely to be directly related to epilepsy. Good agreement between standard clinical diagnostic criteria for insomnia and the ISI for subjects without insomnia symptoms and for those with moderate-to-severe symptoms supports the use of this instrument in epilepsy research.
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have power rating and energy durations that are independent of one another, which make them attractive for power systems applications. This paper focuses on the energy and power response capability of the VRFBs, which has been experimentally researched based on 5 kW/10 kWh and 0.5 MW/1 MWh systems. With three experimental operating modes, three threshold values and one baseline have been obtained based on the experimental results. The maximum state of charge (“SOC”), charged by 1.4 times rated power at 1 time ratio (“TR”), is 47% SOC. The minimum TR, charged by times rated power at SOC = 100%, is 1.5. The maximum charge/discharge power rating is 1.35 times rated power. The reserve SOC curves are a baseline on which the VRFB can respond to equally charge/discharge energy demand.
BASF says that around 25% of its global R&D will be conducted in Asia Pacific by 2020. BASF plans to invest €10 billion and create around 9,000 new jobs in order to achieve sales of €25 billion to customers in the Asia Pacific region by 2020. Around 25% of BASF's global R&D will be conducted in Asia Pacific by 2020, the company predicts. “In the next decade, Asia Pacific will face huge challenges while remaining the fastest growing market for the chemical industry,” said said Dr Martin Brudermüller, vice chairman of the board of executive directors of BASF, responsible for Asia Pacific. “With our Asia Pacific strategy, we are positioning BASF as the leading provider of sustainable solutions for the Asia Pacific region. Based on our strong global R&D network, we will considerably strengthen our innovation capabilities in Asia Pacific, enabling us to better serve our customers in all industries in the region.” Besides chemical R&D, BASF will establish research facilities in the areas of electronic materials, battery materials, agriculture, catalysis, mining, water treatment, polymers and minerals. Following the successful inauguration of the BASF Innovation Campus Asia Pacific in Shanghai, China, the company is currently considering establishing a second Innovation Campus Asia Pacific. More than €2 billion in regional sales will be achieved through new business and acquisitions by 2020, BASF projects.
Electrode materials with pores generally have high tortuosity, which is detrimental to battery performance. Here the authors develop a magnetic alignment approach that produces battery electrodes with low-tortuosity porosity and high capacity.
Solar heating and cooling (SHC) systems can be relevant in the achievement of energy and climate European goals. The benefits of these technologies should be evaluated taking into account their life-cycle energy and environmental impacts, calculated by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The development of a complete LCA can be difficult and time-consuming particularly for non-experts in LCA, discouraging them in developing the life-cycle assessments. To overcome this issue, the paper presents “ELISA - Environmental Lifecycle Impacts of Solar Air-conditioning systems”, a user-friendly simplified tool for estimating the life-cycle energy and environmental benefits/impacts of solar technologies for heating and cooling in different geographic contexts and comparing them to conventional systems. The tool was applied to analyse three systems (thermal SHC, conventional and PV assisted system) in Greece and to identify the one characterized by the best life-cycle performances. The results revealed that the impacts of PV assisted system are about 60% lower than those of the others, highlighting the advantage of using renewable electricity for building air-conditioning in locations with high solar radiation availability. ELISA can be used by researchers, designers and decision-makers to introduce the life-cycle thinking in the early design phase of heating and cooling systems.
Introduction Rhythm organises musical events into patterns and forms, and rhythm perception in music is usually studied by using metrical tasks. Metrical structure also plays an organisational function in the phonology of language, via speech prosody, and there is evidence for rhythmic perceptual difficulties in developmental dyslexia. Here we investigate the hypothesis that the accurate perception of musical metrical structure is related to basic auditory perception of rise time, and also to phonological and literacy development in children. Methods A battery of behavioural tasks was devised to explore relations between musical metrical perception, auditory perception of amplitude envelope structure, phonological awareness (PA) and reading in a sample of 64 typically-developing children and children with developmental dyslexia. Results We show that individual differences in the perception of amplitude envelope rise time are linked to musical metrical sensitivity, and that musical metrical sensitivity predicts PA and reading development, accounting for over 60% of variance in reading along with age and I.Q. Even the simplest metrical task, based on a duple metrical structure, was performed significantly more poorly by the children with dyslexia. Conclusions The accurate perception of metrical structure may be critical for phonological development and consequently for the development of literacy. Difficulties in metrical processing are associated with basic auditory rise time processing difficulties, suggesting a primary sensory impairment in developmental dyslexia in tracking the lower-frequency modulations in the speech envelope.
The Gaston Planté Medal was awarded to the next recipient, selected by an International Planté Medal Committee, for significant contribution to the development of lead-acid battery science and technology.GASTON PLANTÉ MEDAL COMMITTEEDr. K. Bullock, Coolohm Inc., USAProf. A. Czerwinski, Warsaw University, PolandProf. C. D’Alkaine, Federal University of Sao Carlos, BrazilDr. I. Dyson, CMP Batteries Ltd., UKProf. Y. Guo, Fuzhou University, ChinaDr. E. Karden, Ford R&D Centre, Aachen, GermanyDr. K. Micka, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech RepublicProf. D. Pavlov, IEES, BulgariaDr. M. Perrin, INES—RDI, FranceDr. D. Prengaman, RSR Technologies Inc., USADr. D.A.J. Rand, CSIRO, AustraliaProf. P. Ruetschi, Leclanche S.A., Consultant, SwitzerlandProf. A. Russin, RUMA, RussiaProf. A. Shukla, CECRI, IndiaProf. Z. Takehara, Kyoto University, JapanDr. Z. Wang, Asia Battery Association, ChinaDr. G. Zguris, Hollingsworth & Vose Co., USAGASTON PLANTÉ MEDALLISTSDr. Ernst Voss, VARTA Batterie AG, Germany1989Dr. Paul Ruetschi, Leclanche S.A., Switzerland1993Prof. Detchko Pavlov, IEES, Bulgaria1994Dr. Kathryn Bullock, Medtronic, Inc., USA1996Dr. David A.J. Rand, CSIRO, Australia1996Dr. Norman Bagshaw, NEB Consultants, UK1999Mr. John Devitt, Consult. Electrical Engineer, USA1999Dr. David Prengaman, RSR Corporation, USA2002International Lead Zinc Research Organization, USA2002Prof. Zen-Ishiro Takehara, Kansai University, Japan20052008 GASTON PLANTÉ MEDAL NOMINEESDr. Patrick Moseley, ILZRO/ALABC, USADr. Robert Nelson, Axion Power Battery Manufacturing, USADr. Kenneth Peters, LDA Consultant, UK
Microalgae have presented themselves as a strong candidate to replace diminishing oil reserves as a source of lipids for biofuels. Here we describe successful modifications of terrestrial plant lipid content which increase overall lipid production or shift the balance of lipid production towards lipid varieties more useful for biofuel production. Our discussion ranges from the biosynthetic pathways and rate limiting steps of triacylglycerol formation to enzymes required for the formation of triacylglycerol containing exotic lipids. Secondarily, we discuss techniques for genetic engineering and modification of various microalgae which can be combined with insights gained from research in higher plants to aid in the creation of production strains of microalgae.
Gene copy number variants play an important role in the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Particularly, the deletion of the 16p11.2 locus is associated with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and several other features. Earlier studies highlighted the implication of Kctd13 genetic imbalance in 16p11.2 deletion through the regulation of the RHOA pathway.
Li3x La2/3−x TiO3 (LLTO) powder with different lithium contents (nominal 3x =0.03–0.75) was synthesized via a simple sol–gel route and then calcination of gel-derived precursor at 900°C which was much below the calcination temperature required for synthesizing the LLTO powder via solid state reaction route. The LLTO powder of sub-micron sized particles, derived from such sol–gel method, showed almost no aggregation. Starting from the sol–gel-derived powder, the LLTO ceramics with different lithium contents were prepared at different sintering temperatures of 1250 and 1350°C. It demonstrated that our sol–gel route is quite simple and convenient compared to the previous sol–gel method and requires lower temperature for the LLTO. Our results also illustrated that lithium content significantly affects the structure and ionic conductivity of the LLTO ceramics. The dependence of the ionic conductivity on the lithium content, lattice structure, microstructure and sintering temperature was investigated systematically.
Direct capture and storage of abundant but intermittent solar energy using storage devices are of paramount importance in development of sustainable energy, yet the daunting challenge is to enhance the conversion efficiency. Here we report an all-vanadium (all-V) photoelectrochemical storage cell (PESC) using geometry-enhanced ultra-long TiO2 nanobelts (TNBs) to significantly improve solar energy storage efficiency. The TNBs are synthesized using a simple stirring-assisted hydrothermal method, where the stirring speed is adopted to effectively tune the geometry and structure of the TNBs. We demonstrate that highly efficient solar energy storage is realized by ultra-quick oxidization and reduction reaction of vanadium ions with, respectively, holes and electrons produced on the TNB surface. The obtained incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) is ~22% at 350nm without any external bias, double that of commercial P25 TiO2 (~11%). The observed improved efficiency results from enhanced photoactivity and charge separation in the semiconductor, and mass transport of vanadium ions in the photoelectrode.
Nowadays, around 1.44 billion people have still no access to electricity, most of them living in rural areas in South and Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The major residential energy consumption in these regions is for cooking. This energy demand is covered by firewood, agricultural residues and/or animal dung, implying often exhausting work for the collection and causing deforestation. Solar thermal cooking systems have been developed and promoted, although their success has been limited. This paper follows another solar cooking approach by evaluating the option of combining an off-grid PV system (PV generator+battery) with very low demand electric cooking appliances. The PV-battery system to supply the load demand for the electric cooking appliances for communities of 50 persons has been calculated. Thereby, the five countries with the highest population without access to electricity have been taken into account: India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nigeria. The levelized energy cost is around 3 c€ per meal or less and the life cycle emissions of the PV-battery system (manufacturing, transport and decommissioning) are around 7 gCO2 per meal.
Sodium titanate nanopowder (nominal formula Na1.5H0.5Ti3O7) was directly synthesized using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis process using a relatively low base concentration (4 M NaOH) in process. The as-made titanate nanomaterials were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated as potential electrode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Cyclic voltammetry studies on half-cells revealed that the sodium titanate nanomaterial stored charge primarily through a combination of pseudocapacitive and diffusion-limited processes in both systems. Electrochemical cycling tests at a high specific current of 1000 mA g−1, revealed that the Li-ion and Na-ion cells retained relatively high specific capacities after 400 cycles of 131 and 87 mAh g−1, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of CHFS-made sodium titanate nanopower as an anode material for both Li- and Na-ion cell chemistries.