batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
More efficient recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an essential precondition for turning Europe into a circular economy. Thus, the recycling of MSW must increase significantly in several member states, including Finland. This has increased the interest in the composition of mixed MSW. Due to increased information needs, a method for mixed MSW composition studies was introduced in Finland in order to improve the national comparability of composition study results. The aim of this study was to further develop the method so that it corresponds to the information needed about the composition of mixed MSW and still works in practice. A survey and two mixed MSW composition studies were carried out in the study. According to the responses of the survey, the intensification of recycling, the landfill ban on organic waste and the producer responsibility for packaging waste have particularly influenced the need for information about the composition of mixed MSW. The share of biowaste in mixed MSW interested the respondents most. Additionally, biowaste proved to be the largest waste fraction in mixed MSW in the composition studies. It constituted over 40% of mixed MSW in both composition studies. For these reasons, the classification system of the method was updated by further defining the classifications of biowaste. The classifications of paper as well as paperboard and cardboard were also updated. The updated classification system provides more information on the share of avoidable food waste and waste materials suitable for recycling in mixed MSW. The updated method and the information gained from the composition studies are important in ensuring that the method will be adopted by municipal waste management companies and thus used widely in Finland.
The technical literature, including datasheets from battery manufacturers, is reviewed to identify the major characteristics of capacity fade: impedance growth and capacity loss. Impedance growth is significant at both the positive and negative electrodes, though capacity fade loss due to SEI growth is usually attributed to the negative. Techniques for accelerated life testing are summarized. Simple models are used to describe mechanisms for capacity loss at the negative. Finally, numerical simulations are used to explore the effect of porous electrodes on fade behavior.
Glucuronoyl esterases belong to carbohydrate esterase family 15 and catalyze de-esterification. Their natural function is presumed to be cleavage of ester linkages in lignin–carbohydrate complexes particularly those linking lignin and glucuronoyl residues in xylans in hardwood.
This essay investigates South Korean cultural representations of and public discourses about disabled people’s sexuality since the late 1990s. The gendered construction of their sexuality as a “problem” is analyzed to shed light on policy considerations. Close readings of a feature-length documentary film, Pink Palace (Seo 2005a); a short film, Papa (Lee 2004); and Kawai Kaori’s book Sex Volunteerism (2005) reveal the complex political and emotional dynamics of “sexual solutions.” Representations of the virginity of physically disabled men and the provision of sexual services whether by a legalized commercial sex trade or by volunteers, invoke melodrama. This affective excess also appears in Papa’s depiction of incestuous rape of a disabled woman as a way to satisfy her “sex drive.” In this restricted framework, “the sexuality of disabled people” is cast within the dichotomy of moral repression and sexual “crusade” supported by a naturalized biological understanding of sexuality. In discussing sexual opportunities for disabled people, careful attention must be paid to cultural, social, economic, and political aspects of diverse disabilities, genders, and the multiplicity of sexualities of disabled people, instead of simply gearing toward institutionalizing sexual “solutions.”
A series of Li-ion cells with a LiCoO2 cathode, artificial graphite anode and a LiPF6-based nonaqueous electrolyte were stored at 55°C in a series of state of charge (SoC) from 0 to 100%. After storage, all the cells except the one stored in 0% SoC exhibited capacity fade and cycling performance decline, which were aggravated by increasing storage SoC. Furthermore, storage at higher SoC increased the safety risk of the cells. The cells stored at SoC higher than 50% could not pass the 3C/5V overcharge test, while such a test was easy to pass for the fresh cells and those stored at 0% SoC. The above results show that the fully discharged state is a favorable storage condition to maintain good storage performance of Li-ion cells. In addition, to clarify the aging mechanisms of the cells, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectra) measurements were carried out. The results indicate that the performance fading of the stored cells is not due to the bulk structure change of the electrode materials, but instead due to the microstructure variation of the cathode, including the decrease in the crystallite dimension, the change of the micro-stress, and the precipitation of the surface films over the electrodes. According to EIS analysis, the increase of the cathode impedance may be the main contributor to the overall degradation of the Li-ion cells after storage.
Measurement and analysis of the heat effects by electrochemical calorimetry play an important role in lithium-ion cell safety. In order to disclose thermal behaviors of LiFePO4 used in lithium-ion cell, an eight-channel micro-calorimeter combined with battery test system were employed in this study. The results show that the specific capacity and the amount of heat were strongly affected by operating temperature and charge–discharge rate. The specific capacity and the amount of heat are linear with the current and temperature. With the increase of current and temperature, the specific capacity decreased and the amount of heat increased. At low rate (0.1C, 0.2C), the cell has a smaller polarization and a better reversibility, both reversible and irreversible heat contribute to the overall heat production, while irreversible heat dominates the overall heat production when the cell cycles at high rate (0.5C, 1.0C). From the comparison of thermal behavior at target temperature (30°C, 40°C, 50°C), a pronounced exothermic thermal behavior was observed during charge–discharge process in the high current region (0.5C, 1.0C) at elevated temperature. These suggest that appropriate current and temperature for battery should be choose in order to avoid safety problem, which initiated by internal heat accumulation of battery, and experimental thermo-electrochemical data for LiFePO4 cell should be included in thermal modeling.
Three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials (3DGMs) are of great importance due to their unique properties and practical applications. A number of 3DGMs with novel structures have been developed in recent years. This review presents the current progress of 3DGMs. After introducing the preparation strategies of 3DGMs, we summarize the reported 3DGMs based on their different structures, and then focus on the description of their preparation methods, properties and applications. Lastly, the applications of 3D graphene-based materials in supercapacitors are described.
The specialised fauna of freshwater springs will have to cope with a possible temperature rise owing to Global Change. It is affected additionally by contamination of the water with xenobiotics from human activities in the surrounding landscape. We assessed the combined effects of temperature increase and exposure to toxins in laboratory experiments by using copper sulphate as a model substance and Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835, as the model organism. This amphipod is a common representative of the European spring fauna and copper ions are widespread contaminants, mainly from agricultural practice. The experiments were conducted in boxes placed in flow channels and the water temperatures were varied. The gammarids were fed with conditioned beech leaf discs. The feeding activity of the amphipods was quantified on the level of the organism; and the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) assay was conducted in order to determine changes on the cellular level in the test organisms. The results show that the feeding activity increased slightly with higher water temperature. The sub-lethal copper dose had no significant effect other than a trend towards lower feeding activity. The ETS activity was significantly higher at the higher water temperatures, and the copper ions significantly lowered the ETS activity of the organisms. The combination of the two methods was useful when testing for combined effects of environmental changes and pollutants on a species. From the results one can reasonably infer a higher risk of adverse effects with increase in water temperature and exposure to a particular heavy metal.
Carbon-coated TiO2 nanotubes are prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method with an addition of glucose in the starting powder, and are characterized by morphological analysis and electrochemical measurement. A thin carbon coating on the nanotube surface effectively suppresses severe agglomeration of TiO2 nanotubes during hydrothermal reaction and post calcination. This action results in better ionic and electronic kinetics when applied to lithium-ion batteries. Consequently, carbon-coated TiO2 nanotubes deliver a remarkable lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation performance, such as reversible capacities of 286 and 150mAhg−1 at 250 and 7500mAg−1, respectively.
In this paper, we present a structured literature mapping of the state-of-the-art of vehicular perception methods and approaches using inertial sensors. An in-depth investigation and classification were performed employing the results of a systematic literature review. The analysis focused on identifying methods that capture signals provided by inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes to recognize transient or persistent events associated with the vehicle’s movement. We classified these events into vehicular exteroception, associated with potholes, cracks, speed bumps, pavement type, conservation state; and vehicular proprioception, associated with lane change, braking, skidding, aquaplaning, turning right or left. Through the comprehensive study of publications in a 7-year time window, in addition to the methods, we have also identified their dependency factors, hardware platforms and applications.
The culture of honour hypothesis offers a compelling example of how human psychology differentially adapts to pastoral and horticultural environments. However, there is disagreement over whether this pattern is best explained by a memetic, evolutionary psychological, dual inheritance, or niche construction model. I argue that this disagreement stems from two shortcomings: lack of clarity about the theoretical commitments of these models and inadequate comparative data for testing them. To resolve the first problem, I offer a theoretical framework for deriving competing predictions from each of the four models. In particular, this involves a novel interpretation of the difference between dual inheritance theory and cultural niche construction. I then illustrate a strategy for testing their predictions using data from the Human Relations Area File. Empirical results suggest that the aggressive psychological phenotype typically associated with honour culture is more common among pastoral societies than among horticultural societies. Theoretical considerations suggest that this pattern is best explained as a case of cultural niche construction.
Charge-discharge capacity and cyclicity of lithium ion battery (LIB) was evaluated in which 15Li2O·10Fe2O3·xSnO2·5P2O5·(70–x)V2O5 glass (x = 0 and 20 in mol%, abbreviated as xLFSPV) was used as a cathode. A local structure of xLFSPV glass before and after charging was investigated by 57Fe- and 119Sn-Mössbauer spectroscopies. 57Fe-Mössbauer spectrum of xLFSPV glass with ‘x’ of 20 was composed of a doublet with isomer shift (δ) of 0.35±0.02 mm s − 1 and quadrupole splitting (Δ) of 0.88±0.03 mm s − 1 due to distorted FeIIIO4 tetrahedra. 119Sn-Mössbauer spectrum of this glass consisted of a doublet with δ of 0.08±0.01 and Δ of 0.52±0.01 mms − 1 due to distorted SnVIO6 octahedra. After discharging the battery from 4.5 to 1.0 V, larger δ of 0.40±0.03 mm s − 1 and Δ of 0.94±0.04 mm s − 1 were obtained, indicating that both iconicity of Fe-O bonds and local distortion of FeIIIO4 tetrahedra were increased. On the contrary, identical δ of 0.09±0.01 mm s − 1 and Δ of 0.50±0.01 mm s − 1 were observed in the 119Sn-Mössbauer spectrum of 20LFSPV glass after the discharge, indicating that chemical environment of SnIVO6 octahedra was not affected after the discharge. Charge-discharge curve of LIB containing 20LFSPV glass as a cathode active material recorded under the current density of 8.3 mA g − 1 (0.011 mA cm − 2) between 1.0 and 4.5 V showed a large initial charge capacity of 431.1 mAh g − 1 and discharge capacity of 382.3 mAh g − 1, respectively. These results indicate that 20LFSPV glass could be a new cathode active material for LIB.
Background The neurotoxic hypothesis suggests that psychosis is toxic to the brain leading to clinical consequences. In this study, we hypothesized that a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in first episode schizophrenia (FES) patients is associated with poorer cognitive functioning, and that higher premorbid intelligence buffers against DUP-related cognitive impairment. Method Eighty-one FES patients completed a neuropsychological battery, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Composite scores of the BACS, which were normalized to a matched healthy control of seventy-three subjects, were used as an index of general cognition. A median split using the Wide Range Achievement Test–Reading Test scores was used to divide the patients into low versus high premorbid IQ groups. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to examine predictors of general cognition, including DUP. Results Longer DUP was found to be a significant predictor of poorer general cognition. In addition, DUP predicted general cognition in the low premorbid IQ group but not in the high premorbid IQ group. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that longer DUP in FES patients is associated with worse cognitive scores, and that this association is more pronounced in a subgroup of patients who have lower premorbid intelligence. Our results suggest the importance of earlier identification and management of patients with low premorbid IQ, given that their cognition may be more vulnerable to the toxicity of psychosis.
The stability of the electrolytes for all-vanadium redox flow battery was investigated with ex-situ heating/cooling treatment and in situ flow-battery testing methods. The effects of inorganic and organic additives have been studied. The additives containing the ions of potassium, phosphate, and polyphosphate are not suitable stabilizing agents because of their reactions with V(V) ions, forming precipitates of KVSO6 or VOPO4. Of the chemicals studied, polyacrylic acid and its mixture with CH3SO3H are the most promising stabilizing candidates which can stabilize all the four vanadium ions (V2+, V3+, VO2+, and VO2+) in electrolyte solutions up to 1.8 M. However, further effort is needed to obtain a stable electrolyte solution with >1.8 M V5+ at temperatures higher than 40 °C.
Four samples of carbon black were synthesised for use in aqueous supercapacitors. They were designed to have different surface areas and pore size distributions. The objectives were to identify the attributes that are necessary to obtain a high specific capacitance and to attempt to correlate different physical characteristics of the carbon electrodes with their capacitance. A fifth carbon was obtained from another laboratory for comparison. Carbon electrodes were analysed using both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Their capacitance was measured at room temperature and at −40°C, using slow sweep cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also performed on the carbon electrodes using the same electrolytes and temperatures. The results from these measurements are discussed in terms of the surface areas and pore size distributions of the samples, which were measured using the BET technique.
Electrospinning parameters are optimized for the preparation of fibrous membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) {P(VdF-HFP)} that consist of layers of uniform fibres of average diameter 1μm. Electrospinning of a 16wt.% solution of the polymer in acetone/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (7/3, w/w) at an applied voltage of 18kV results in obtaining membranes with uniform morphology. Polymer electrolytes (PEs) are prepared by activating the membrane with liquid electrolytes. The fully interconnected porous structure of the host polymer membrane enables high electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivities of 10−3 Scm−1 order at 20°C. The PEs have electrochemical stability at potentials higher than 4.5V versus Li/Li+. A PE based on a membrane with 1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC), which exhibits a low and stable interfacial resistance on lithium metal, is evaluated for discharge capacity and cycle properties in Li/LiFePO4 cells at room temperature and different current densities. A remarkably good performance with a high initial discharge capacity and low capacity fading on cycling is obtained.
Olaparib was the first poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor approved by Food and Drug Administration for oncology treatment. However, its neuroprotective effects have not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of olaparib in transient cerebral ischemia. A mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was used. Reperfusion was performed at 2 h after ischemia. Different doses of olaparib (1, 3, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, the neurological score was assessed, and grip and string tests were performed to evaluate the behavioral deficits in the mice. Cresyl violet staining was used to assess cerebral edema and the lesion volume. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of blood–brain barrier proteins collagen IV and claudin-5, as well as extravasation of IgG. Ischemia induced a neurological deficit, which was significantly ameliorated by olaparib at 3 and 5 mg/kg. However, this neuroprotective effect was not observed in mice treated with either low-dose or high-dose olaparib. Both 3 and 5 mg/kg olaparib markedly reduced cerebral infarction volume, but not cerebral edema. The expression of collagen IV decreased after cerebral ischemia, which was improved by olaparib at 3 and 5 mg/kg. These results were confirmed by the reduction of IgG extravasation with olaparib. Olaparib showed clear neuroprotective effects in transient ischemic mice mainly through the reduction of cerebral infarction and blood–brain barrier damage.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is a leading monogenetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Notwithstanding the extensive studies using rodent and other pre-clinical models of FXS, which have provided detailed mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, it is only relatively recently that human stem cell-derived neurons have been employed as a model system to further our understanding of the pathophysiological events that may underlie FXS. Our study assesses the physiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons lacking fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP).
A transient modelling framework for a vanadium redox-flow battery (RFB) is developed and experiments covering a range of vanadium concentration and electrolyte flow rate are conducted. The two-dimensional model is based on a comprehensive description of mass, charge and momentum transport and conservation, and is combined with a global kinetic model for reactions involving vanadium species. The model is validated against the experimental data and is used to study the effects of variations in concentration, electrolyte flow rate and electrode porosity. Extensions to the model and future work are suggested.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is considered as the next-generation of cost-efficient rechargeable battery systems to fulfill clean energy transportation systems due to its remarkable high theoretical energy density. Nevertheless, capacity fading and poor cycling stability mostly caused by polysulfide shuttle and active sulfur materials loss play an obstacle role on large-scale viable commercialization. In this paper, a flower-like hierarchical carbon sphere (FHCS) is prepared and coated on commercialized PP separator for polysulfide trapper. This carbon sphere with multi-scale pores strongly absorbs the polysulfide, further tremendously enhances the cycling performances, and the conducted carbon sphere also acts as current collector for improving the conductivity of active materials. The results show the cell demonstrates an initial discharge specific capacity of up to 1427mAhg−1 at 0.2C, and high reversible capacity of 730mAhg−1 with degradation rate of only 0.061% per cycle after 500 cycles at 0.5C.
The oncoprotein c-Myc is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and ectopic expression in breast cancer cell lines attenuates responses to antiestrogen treatment. Here, we review preliminary data aimed at further elucidating a potential role for c-Myc in clinical endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative PCR revealed that c-Myc protein and c-myc mRNA were frequently overexpressed in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast carcinoma. Furthermore, both constitutive and inducible c-Myc overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines markedly reduced their sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. In order to identify potential downstream targets of c-Myc that mediate this effect, Affymetrix microarrays were employed to examine the patterns of gene expression shared by MCF-7 cells stimulated by estrogen, or by induction of c-Myc. Approximately 50% of estrogen target genes identified 6h after treatment were also regulated by c-Myc. One novel target, EMU4, was transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc. In addition, there was a strong correlation between c-myc and EMU4 mRNA expression in a battery of breast cancer cell lines. These data confirm that c-Myc overexpression is a common event in breast cancer, and that this is associated with resistance to antiestrogens in vitro. Furthermore, the development of an experimental paradigm for the discovery of c-Myc and estrogen target genes associated with endocrine resistance provides a framework for the discovery and validation of genes involved in estrogen signalling, and c-Myc-mediated-antiestrogen resistance.