batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This survey investigates multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The main objectives of multipath routing protocols are to provide reliable communication and to ensure load balancing as well as to improve quality of service (QoS) of MANETs. These multipath protocols are broadly classified into five categories based on their major goals. The goals are to improve delay, provide reliability, reduce overhead, maximize network life and support hybrid routing. Multipath routing protocols address issues such as multiple paths discovery and maintaining these paths. Issues, objectives, performances, advantages and disadvantages of these protocols are investigated and summarized. A checklist is provided as a guideline so that a network designer can choose an appropriate multipath routing protocol to meet the network's application objectives.
In this work, we report the fabrication of a high-voltage flexible supercapacitor that is able to store energy harvested from a 3D-printed wearable human motion energy harvester and provide power supply to other wearable devices. To bestow the electrode with flexibility, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) is incorporated with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as electrode material, which dramatically decreases its Young’s modulus. Furthermore, the supercapacitor is sandwiched between self-healing layers that protects the device from mechanical failure caused by motion when mounted on the human body as wearable device. Owing to the use of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4), as the electrolyte, the supercapacitor can be charged up to 2.5 V. This wide electrochemical window, with low equivalent series resistance (ESR), enhances the power and energy densities of the supercapacitor to 11 kW kg− 1 and 23 Wh kg− 1. The device presents excellent flexibility and mechanical durability. We realized a wearable self-powered and self-sustaining system by the integration of the as-prepared supercapacitor with a 3D-printed mechanical energy harvesting knee brace. Harvested energy generated by a tester wearing the system was sufficient to light up an LED light in a demonstration.
NASICON-structured Li1+xZr2-xLax(PO4)3 (x = 0–0.2) solid electrolytes are prepared by sol-gel method. The influence of substitution of La3+ for Zr4+ on the ionic conductivity, morphology, and structure of the parent compound LiZr2(PO4)3 (LZP) is investigated. Rietveld refinement of powder x-ray diffraction data reveals that the La3+ substitution stabilizes the LZP in the highly conducting rhombohedral R 3 ¯ c phase at room temperature. La3+ substituted LZP display enhanced ionic conductivity, showing the highest ionic conductivity of 0.72 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature for the composition Li1.1Zr1.9La0.1(PO4)3. The improvement in conductivity of LZP with another aliovalent substituent, Mg2+, whose ionic radii is similar to Zr4+ (0.72 Å) is also investigated. Further, the activation energy decreases from 0.53 eV for the parent LZP to 0.42 eV for x = 0.1 La3+ substituted LZP. Lithium-ion transference number obtained by direct current polarization for Li1.1Zr1.9La0.1(PO4)3 is 0.99, confirming the high ionic conducting nature of the solid electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry recorded for Li1.1Zr1.9La0.1(PO4)3 shows electrochemical stability window up to ∼4.0 V vs. Li. In particular, La3+ substituted NASICON-type LZP (x = 0.1) exhibits good chemical and structural stability after exposing to air, water, Li metal, acidic and basic solutions.
There is very much interest in balancing remote delivered multimedia quality and energy consumption in a heterogeneous wireless network environment. This paper proposes a solution for Energy-efficient Device-differentiated Cooperative Adaptive Multimedia Delivery over wireless networks (EDCAM), a hybrid innovative approach which combines multimedia quality adaptation and content sharing mechanisms to save energy at client devices according to their different characteristics. EDCAM relies on an automatic application-aware device profiling, which is proposed to assess individual device energy constraints. These constraints along with QoS delivery scores are used as metrics for the multimedia delivery quality adaptation. Devices make use of content sharing partners with which retrieve the content cooperatively, reducing the usage of high energy consuming networks and therefore increase the delivery energy efficiency. Simulation tests in a WiFi and LTE-based heterogeneous wireless network environment with increasing number of video flows and users show how the proposed EDCAM solution results in significant improvements of up to 40% in terms of energy efficiency in comparison with three other state-of-the-art solutions, while maintaining the performance of multimedia content delivery and estimated user perceived quality at the highest levels.
The transition metal oxides/sulfides which are pseudocapacitor electrode materials have been extensively investigated and demonstrated brilliant electrochemical performances. In this study, we have successfully prepared hierarchical structure cobalt sulfide/graphene composite (CoS@rGO). The complete fabrication process as follows: the cobalt sulfide nanosheets have been prepared by an ultrasound-assisted soaking method using cobalt hydroxide nanosheets as precursor, then the cobalt sulfide/graphene composite (CoS@rGO) was prepared by hydrothermal mothed. The hierarchical structure electrode materials can make full use of both components and exhibits a potential synergistic effect. As electrode material for supercapacitor, the CoS@rGO composite are characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Owing to the unique hierarchical structure, the CoS@rGO composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performances, including high specific capacitance and remarkable cycling stability (90.5% retaining after 3000 cycling). All these results indicate that the CoS@rGO composite is promising for potential application in supercapacitors. In addition, such a novel and facile route to synthesis the high-performance CoS@rGO composite may open a new pathway to prepare sulfide materials with outstanding electrochemical performance.
We report two studies on rapid serial naming (RSN). Study 1 addressed the relations among RSN tasks comprising different stimuli. Separate components for RSN of alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric stimuli, as well as for tasks in which the stimuli alternated between categories were identified. In Study 2, phonological skills, processing speed, motor dexterity, and verbal fluency were found to explain RSN performance. The studies indicate: (1) that RSN tasks vary in their properties according to the stimuli used and according to the way the tasks are arranged, and (2) that RSN tasks are multi-componented.
In recent years two techniques have become available to stimulate the human brain noninvasively through the scalp: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Prolonged application of either method (eg, several hundred TMS pulses [rTMS] or several minutes of tDCS) leads to changes in excitability of the cortex that outlast the period of stimulation. Because of this, besides the implications for experimental neuroscientists, there is increasing interest in the potential for applying either method as a therapy in neurology, psychiatry, rehabilitation, and pain. Given that both techniques lead to the same final result, this article discusses in theory several issues that can help an investigator to decide whether rTMS or tDCS would be more suitable for the scope of the planned work.
The rapid development of flexible electronic devices requires the design of flexible energy-storage devices. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are attracting much interest due to their high energy density. Therefore, flexible Li-S batteries with high areal capacity are desired. Herein, we fabricated freestanding reduced graphene oxide-sulfur (RGO@S) composite films with a cross-linked structure using a blade coating technique, followed by a subsequent chemical reduction. The porous cross-linked structure endows the composite films with excellent electrochemical performance. The batteries based on RGO@S composite films could exhibit a high discharge capacity of 1381 mAh/g at 0.1 C and excellent cycle stability. Furthermore, the freestanding composite film possesses excellent conductivity and high mechanical strength. Therefore, they can be used as the cathodes of flexible Li-S batteries. As a proof of concept, soft-packaged Li-S batteries were assembled and remained stable electrochemical performance under different bending states.
Nitro-group-substituted oligopyrene (ONP) film with fairly high electrical conductivity (1.25×10−1 Scm−1) and good thermal stability was electrochemically synthesized by direct anodic oxidation of its monomer 1-nitropyrene (NP) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE). The oxidation potential of NP in this medium was determined to be 1.12V vs. SCE, which was lower than that in acetonitrile +0.1molL−1 Bu4NBF4 (1.27V vs. SCE). ONP films obtained from this medium showed good redox activity and structural stability in both BFEE and concentrated sulfuric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations showed that the electropolymerization of the NP monomer mainly occurred at the C(3), C(6) and C(8) positions. The fluorescence spectra suggested that soluble ONP emits strong blue or green fluorescence when excited at 402nm or 504nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that highly crystalline nitro-group-substituted oligopyrene was formed on the electrode surface. All these results indicate that as-prepared ONP film has many potential applications in various fields.
This paper introduces a phase change material (PCM) based heat sink (PCMHS) to reduce the idle and operating temperature of a direct current (DC)/DC converter in an underwater battery power system. The developed macro-encapsulated PCM enclosure features a dampening assembly that maximizes thermal contact and eliminates void space catered for volumetric expansion of the PCM during melting. The operating temperature of the DC/DC converter at steady-state (both idle and full-load cycle condition) is estimated via a validated thermal model. A percentage improvement of at least 27% can be achieved by PCMHS at different load cycle conditions tested. The PCM's volume expansion of approximately 6.4% corresponds to the measured cover movement of around 3 mm. The relationship between the state of expansion (or melt state) to solid-state of the PCM is also established.
An uncharacterized phase of ammonia borane (AB) was previously identified while investigating the thermal aging of this hydrogen rich solid state material. This phase was identified as a key intermediate for the release of hydrogen from AB prompting the current characterization study. The new phase (AB*) was investigated extensively using in situ solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy, including 11B, 15N and 1H NMR. Single-pulse excitation, cross polarization and T1 relaxation experiments for all nuclei collectively demonstrated a significant increase in mobility of AB in the new phase compared to the room temperature phase of AB, consistent with a highly mobile solid. This implies a disruption of the extensive dihydrogen bonding network, allowing increased motional freedom. Complementary studies by in situ X-ray diffraction showed AB* to have the same crystal lattice as AB, but suggested an expanded lattice, providing support for increased mobility. NMR measurements of AB embedded into a mesoporous scaffold were also consistent with high mobility in AB*. These data suggest that a breakdown of the extensive hydrogen bonding network occurs before hydrogen can be released and will be an important factor in the practical use of AB as a hydrogen storage material.
Electrical stimulation of central nervous system areas with surgically implanted stimulators has been shown to result in pain relief. To avoid the risks and side effects of surgery, transcranial direct current stimulation is an option to electrically stimulate the motor cortex through the skull. Previous research has shown that transcranial direct current stimulation relieves pain in patients with fibromyalgia, chronic neuropathic pain and chronic pelvic pain. Evidence indicates that the method is pain free, safe and inexpensive.
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates fundamental aspects of innate behavior. However, the circuit-level underpinnings of LHA function are poorly understood given its cellular heterogeneity. Here, Mickelsen et al. employ a single-cell RNA-sequencing approach to classify molecularly distinct cell types in the mouse LHA.
The article presents an attempt to design the 2W power source (PS) based on air–hydrogen fuel cells (FCs) and water–aluminium micro-generator as a hydrogen supply (WAHMG). Experiments concern FC’s breathing in compact arrangement and combined performance of FC+WAHMG. It turned out to be necessary to build a fan into FC stack provided the rotation speed of fan depends on the FC current. The highest power density of FC at optimal speed of air blowing was 101mWcm−2. Electrical energy produced by FC was about 1.2–1.8Wh per gram of Al in micro-generator. This value depends on the total yield of hydrogen in WAHMG and hydrogen losses due to purges.
Studies investigating the impact of high meat intake on cognition have yielded contradictory results as some show improved cognitive performance, whereas others report an increase of risk factors for dementia. However, few studies were designed to directly assess the effect of a high protein (HP) diet on both cognitive performance and corresponding biochemical parameters. A randomised intervention study was conducted with 23 healthy males (aged 19–31 years) to investigate the effects of a usual (UP) versus a HP diet on cognitive function and on the platelet proteome a well-established model for neurons. The study individuals were assigned to either a UP diet (15% energy) or a HP diet (30% energy) for 3 weeks with controlled intake of food and beverages. Blood samples were taken along with measurements of cognitive functions at the beginning and at the end of the intervention period. Among 908 reproducibly studied platelet proteins only the level of monoamine oxidase B (MaoB), a neurotransmitter degrading enzyme, decreased by 26% significantly (adjusted P value < 0.05) due to the HP diet. In addition, we found a correlation (r = 0.477; P < 0.02) between the decrease of MaoB expression and the shortened reaction time (cognitive function) which is in accordance with reports that dementia patients show increased MaoB activity. Plasma vitamin B12 concentration was increased by the HP diet and correlates inversely with platelet MaoB expression (r = −0.35; P < 0.02). Healthy young males on a HP diet showed improved cognitive function and counteract well-known dementia biomarkers such as platelet MaoB and components of the methylation cycle such as vitamin B12 and homocysteine.
The Sn/C nanocomposites are of great interest as high capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this paper, we employ a tandem plasma reaction method for controlled preparation of Sn/C binary composites. The Sn and C components are generated by magnetron sputtering and plasma decomposition of CH4 in two tandem plasma zones, respectively. The obtained Sn/C composites are composed of ultrafine Sn particles homogeneously embedded in carbon matrix, which exhibit very high reversible lithium storage capacity. The tandem plasma reaction method offers great versatility in controlling the Sn/C ratio and the Sn particle size, allowing a systematic study on the relationship between the structural parameters and the electrode performance. The reversible anode capacity is found to be strongly affected by the Sn particle size while it shows a much weaker correlation with the carbon coating layer.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)-modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) thin-film electrodes were prepared by pulsed laser deposition and effects of surface modification on interfacial reactions of LNMO were studied. The modification by Al2O3 was carried out successively after the deposition of LNMO thin-film. Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope results show that Al2O3 disperses uniformly in nano-scale on the film electrodes. Charge/discharge behavior of the batteries under a high cutoff voltage of 4.9V vs. Li is highly improved by using Al2O3 modification, especially at elevated temperature. The electrochemical properties of LNMO thin-film electrodes are also affected by the thickness of coating. It is found that 20nm thick Al2O3 coating layer improves thermal stability most obviously among them. At 55°C, 84.1% of its initial capacity at 1C-rate can be retained after 100 cycles, and as the rate increases from 0.2 to 10C the reversible capacity can still maintain 80.7mAhg−1, which are greatly improved compared to pristine, 6 and 40nm thick Al2O3 modified samples.
3D flower-like (NH4)0.83Na0.43V4O10·0.26H2O vanadium bronze nano-platelet clusters are prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The thickness of the nano-platelet is around 50nm and the length ranged up to several micrometers. When used as positive electrode in rechargeable lithium battery, this material exhibits good cycle stability at different discharge rates (0.18–0.67C rate) and voltage limits (1.5–3.4V and 2.0–3.4V). The improvement the electrochemical properties of the (NH4)0.83Na0.43V4O10·0.26H2O might be attributed to the change of the lattice parameters due to the co-intercalation of the superstoichiometric cations (Na+ and NH4 +).
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have some specific constraints. One major constraint is due to the fact that sensors are deployed in a hostile area and that they need to be powered by batteries. Therefore, the lifetime of the sensor is dramatically related to the amount of initial power loaded in the battery and to the way it is consumed. The control of the energy consumption of sensors is an active research field.
In this article, Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 cathode is synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction method, i.e. sintering the mixture of Al2O3 and LiCoO2 powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that there is no Al2O3 impurity being found in the final product. Scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) measurements show that the micro-morphology of pristine LiCoO2 grains is sustained after coating Al2O3. We analyze the surface chemistry of the pristine and Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The electrochemical behavior is systematically investigated. The cathodes are cycled in different potential ranges (3.70V–4.30, 4.35, 4.40, 4.45, 4.50, 4.55 and 4.60V). The charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements show that coating Al2O3 can obviously improve the cyclic stability and decrease the total interfacial resistance. We could conclude that Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 cathode is suitable for practical application in the potential range of 3.70–4.50V vs. Li/Li+. The discharge capacity can reach 113mAh/g after 500cycles. It is very possible that the LiCo1−xAlxO2-like surface phase, formed on the surface of LiCoO2, prevents Co-dissolution. As results, the operation potential range is extended and the cyclic stability is improved.
The improved evasive capability of the modern deiseal submarine can downgrade the performance of a torpedo seriously. However, a few studies have concerned the sophisticate diesel submarine as a main factor for the influence of a torpedo's attack. This paper presents a torpedo performance Markov model for making quick analyses on a torpedo performance in pursuit of a diesel submarine under various conditions. This model takes into account the effectiveness of submarine's counter measures and maneuvering behaviors of both sides. The Markov process is used and six states are sorted out for representing the dynamic behaviors for both of submarine and torpedo systematically. Through cases analyses, we prove that the torpedo performance is deteriorating exponentially as the number of counter measure is increasing. This analytical result may refine the anti-submarine warfare decision to avoid the possible misleading by solely relying on the deterministic torpedo probability of kill in the engagement. It also identifies that two pairs of jammer coupling with two decoys can be the best combination to saturate torpedo attack that can direct provide the decision makers a basic doctrine for controlling their engagement behaviors.
To meet the pressing needs of fast development of energy and environmental science, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the promising novel generation of power storage system, due to abundant reserves and low price of sodium sources. In this work, N-doped C-encapsulated scale-like yolk-shell structured MoSe2-C materials assembled by expanded (002) planes few-layer MoSe2 nanosheets are successfully synthesized by a facile general strategy. The few-layer crystal fringes are no more than 4 layers. Notably, the interlayer spacing of (002) planes is expanded to 1.15 nm, which is larger than its intrinsic value of pristine MoSe2 (0.64 nm). Particularly, the few-layer nanosheets with expanded (002) planes are spaced-restricted growing in the inner wall and the surface of hollow carbon frame and form scale-like yolk-shell hybrid MoSe2-C structure. When evaluated as anode for SIBs, the MoSe2-C materials show ultra-long cycling life, maintaining 378 mA h g−1 over 1000 cycles at 3 A g−1. It also exhibits outstanding rate capability and the Coulombic efficiencies for all the rate performance reaching more than 98.3% except the first one. The expanded (002) planes, 2D fewer-layer nanosheets and unique N-doped C-encapsulated scale-like yolk-shell frame are responsible for the enhanced electrochemical performance.
Mesoporous carbon–Cr2O3 (M-C–Cr2O3) composite was prepared by co-assembly of in situ formed phenolic resin, chromium precursor, and Pluronic block copolymer under acidic conditions, followed by carbonization at 750°C under Argon. The TEM results confirmed that the Cr2O3 nanoparticles, ranging from 10 to 20nm, were well dispersed in the matrix of mesoporous carbon. The composite exhibited an initial reversible capacity of 710mAhg−1 and good cycling stability, which is mainly due to the synergic effects of carbons within the composites, i.e. confining the crystal growth of Cr2O3 during the high temperature treatment step and buffering the volume change of Cr2O3 during the cycling step. This composite material is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a worldwide threat to egg production and animal and human welfare. This mite is also a potential vector for several significant diseases. EU regulation that forbids the use of conventional cages for egg-laying hens may favour the growth of D. gallinae, a species known to thrive in more complex housing systems. Current control measures emphasize the use of chemical acaricides, which may have limited efficacy on D. gallinae considering its temporary blood-feeding behaviour. In integrated pest management (IPM), two or more compatible measures targeting physical, environmental, and/or biological aspects could be judiciously combined to enhance the effectiveness against D. gallinae infestation. To inform current and future IPM for D. gallinae, a compatibility matrix is proposed to guide the selection of control measures for field application.