batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Structure properties of lithium-ion battery determine the specific energy and specific power of renewable energy vehicle and have attracted extensive concerns. Fundamental innovations in battery system depend on the structure properties, of which graphene and concentration gradient structures become increasingly prospective. As the performance of structure closely relates to the battery performance and the advancement of battery technologies, the paper, based on the research work at our laboratory, discusses about the structure model and energy system design and analyzes the evolution of lithium batteries to provide scientific insights and technical advices for the development of renewable energy vehicle. The review shows that nano and graphene models, with their corresponding energy systems, significantly improve the performance of lithium batteries, thus supporting longer mileage and service life, while providing new ideas for the design of renewable energy vehicles. Compared with other power batteries, lithium-ion batteries are advantageous in addressing the requirements raised by battery electric vehicles, such as, long mileage, high-current charging, and safety. Therefore, lithium batteries are reliable and feasible for the deployment in battery electric vehicles.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have received substantial attention in the last 10 years, as they offer great promise as power sources that can lead to the electric vehicle (EV) revolution in the next 5 years. Since the cathode serves as a key component in LIB, its properties significantly affect the performance of the whole system. Recently, the cathode surface modification based on coating technique has been widely employed to enhance the electrochemical performances by improving the material conductivity, stabilising the physical structure of materials, as well as preventing the reactions between the electrode and electrolyte. In this work, we reviewed the present of a number of promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. After that, we summarized the very recent research progress focusing on the surface coating strategies, mainly including the coating materials, the coating technologies, as well as the corresponding working mechanisms for cathodes. At last, the challenges faced and future guidelines for optimizing cathode materials are discussed. In this study, we propose that the structure of cathode is a crucial factor during the selection of coating materials and technologies.
A novel series of lithium alkyl trimethyl borates and lithium aryl trimethyl borates have been prepared and investigated as cathode film forming additives. The borates are prepared via the reaction of lithium alkoxides or lithium phenoxides with trimethyl borate. Incorporation of 0.5–2.0% (wt) of the lithium borates to a baseline electrolyte (1.0 M LiPF6 in 3:7 (EC/EMC)) results in improved capacity retention and efficiency of high voltage graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells especially upon cycling at elevated temperature (55 °C). The improved performance results from the sacrificial oxidation of the lithium borate on the cathode surface to generate a cathode passivation film. The lithium borates can be readily structurally modified to act as a functional group delivery agent to modify the cathode surface. Ex situ surface analysis of the electrodes after cycling confirms that the lithium borates modify the cathode surface and generate a borate rich surface film which inhibits electrolyte oxidation and Mn dissolution.
The administration of supplemental oxygen to treat ventilatory insufficiency may lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent tissue damage. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) can modulate hyperoxic lung injury by a currently unknown mechanism. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of administration of omeprazole on the induction of CYP1A1 and its influence on hyperoxic lung injury in an established preterm rabbit model.
Lithium–oxygen batteries are one of the most promising energy storage systems because of their high energy density. However, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium carboxylates (HCO2Li, CH3CO2Li) are formed on cycling, which results in high charging over-potential and limited cycle life. In this study, a silicon/diamond-like carbon (Si–DLC) coating film was deposited onto an O2 electrode uniformly by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to improve the electrochemical properties of lithium–oxygen batteries. The coated layer prevented the direct contact of carbon with both the Li2O2 and the electrolyte, resulting in suppression of side-reaction product formation. For this reason, the coated cell showed better cycle life and round-trip efficiency than the pristine cell. When the charge was terminated, the potentials of the coated cell were 4.15V for both the 1st and 5th cycles, whereas those of a pristine cell were 4.34V for the 1st cycle and 4.51V for the 5th cycle at a current density of 100mAg−1 with a limited duration of 10h for a single charge and discharge cycle. The coated cell was able to stably reach 50 cycles, whereas the pristine cell only lasted 7 cycles.
Fe3O4-based Cu nanostructured electrodes for Li ion batteries are fabricated by a two-step electrochemical process, and characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical experiments. It is found that the electrochemical performance is closely related to the Fe3O4 morphology. The nanostructured electrodes with 1min Fe3O4 deposition exhibit a large specific discharge capacity, i.e. 1342.23mAhg−1 in the first cycle and 1003.94mAhg−1 in the 34th. After extended Fe3O4 electroplating, Fe3O4 particles will fill the spaces between the Cu nanorods and coalesce on the top of the Cu nanorod arrays, which is detrimental to achieve high specific reversible capacities and good rate capability. Moreover, the nanostructured electrodes demonstrate significantly enhanced cycling performance due to the introduction of Cu nanorod arrays as the current collector, especially as compared to the planar electrodes where Fe3O4 is electrodeposited directly onto planar Cu surfaces.
In this paper we report a comprehensive analysis and tracking of the variabilities associated to multiscale simulations coupling a Coarse Gained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD) model of Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) electrodes fabrication with a 3D-resolved performance model at the cell scale. We quantify the impact on the final electrode mesostructure of the initial conditions in the CGMD simulations in terms of initial random distribution in the slurry of the active material and carbon binder domain particles (CBD). This study is carried out with a batch of simulations at different slurry active material/CBD compositions. Results show that for each electrode composition there is a statistical dispersion in the predicted cell performance curves, in agreement with in house experimental results. Furthermore, in house experiments revealed a different correlation regime depending on the C-rate at which the cathode is operating. The proposed methodology and findings allows us to pave the way towards the design of reliable approaches to control the variables correlations in the multiscale modeling of electrodes fabrication and its impact on LIB performance.
A series of sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether nitrile oxynaphthalate) (SPFENO) copolymers with different degrees of sulfonation were synthesized. Their degree of sulfonation was controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of the reactants. The polymer electrolytes prepared with a SPFENO membrane exhibited high ionic conductivities and solution holding capacity, which depended on the degree of sulfonation. The quasi-solid-state electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) consisted of activated carbon electrodes and polymer electrolytes were assembled, and their electrochemical characteristics were studied by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycle tests. A SPFENO membrane with proper degree of sulfonation was effective for maintaining high ionic conductivity and keeping good electrode–electrolyte interfacial contact during cycling, which resulted in good cycling performance of the EDLC.
Naturally occurring sensory deprivation in humans provides a unique opportunity to identify sensitive phases for the development of neuro-cognitive functions. Patients who had experienced a transient period of congenital visual deprivation due to bilateral dense cataracts (congenital cataract, cc) have shown, after visual re-afferentation, deficits in a number of higher visual functions including global motion and face processing. By contrast, biological motion (BM) perception seemed to be spared. The present study investigated the neural correlates of BM processing in a sample of 12 congenital cataract-reversal individuals who had underwent visual restoration surgery at the age of a few months up to several years. The individual threshold for extracting BM from noise was assessed in a behavioral task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to point-light displays of a walking man and of a scrambled version of the same stimuli. The threshold of the cc group at detecting BM did not differ from that of a group of matched controls (mc). In both groups, the N1 was modulated by BM. These largely unimpaired neural responses to BM stimuli together with a lack of behavioral group differences suggest that, in contrast to the neural systems for faces the neural systems for BM processing specialize independent of early visual input.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of communication networks and audio and video compression system in the field of telemedicine. Telemedicine is the collaborative scientific study and clinical practice of the prevention and cure of diseases and disorders of the body by physicians and other health practitioners across geographic distances and time zones with telecommunications and associated informatics. It includes medical research, medical care, and health supporting practices. Telemedicine greatly improves the practice of physicians interested in access to specialists, participating in clinical research, medical education, and in extending general and special medical care to rural areas. The overall benefits of telemedicine, therefore, are high levels of synergy, creativity, and education. The future of telemedicine is bright, owing to the combined effects of managed care, rising medical costs, an uneven geographic distribution of health care professionals, and demand of underserved populations for access to the international health care system.
The traditional approach for performing a chemical risk assessment is time and resource intensive leading to a limited number of published assessments on which to base human health decisions. In comparison, most contaminated sites contain chemicals without published reference values or cancer slope factors that are not considered quantitatively in the overall hazard index calculation. The integration of transcriptomic technology into the risk assessment process may provide an efficient means to evaluate quantitatively the health risks associated with data poor chemicals. In a previous study, female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to multiple concentrations of five chemicals that were positive for lung and/or liver tumor formation in a two-year rodent cancer bioassay. The mice were exposed for a period of 13 weeks and the target tissues were analyzed for traditional histological and organ weight changes and transcriptional changes using microarrays. In this study, the dose–response changes in gene expression were analyzed using a benchmark dose (BMD) approach and the responses grouped based on pathways. A comparison of the transcriptional BMD values with those for the traditional non-cancer and cancer apical endpoints showed a high degree of correlation for specific pathways. Many of the correlated pathways have been implicated in non-cancer and cancer disease pathogenesis. The results demonstrate that transcriptomic changes in pathways can be used to estimate non-cancer and cancer points-of-departure for use in quantitative risk assessments and have identified potential toxicity pathways involved in chemically induced mouse lung and liver responses.
Background: Enhancing medication adherence early in the course of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder may substantially improve long-term course. Although extensively studied in multi-episode patients, little data exist on medication adherence by first-episode patients. Method: Medication adherence was assessed during the first year of treatment and following recovery from the first relapse in patients treated by a standardized medication algorithm. Results: During the first year of treatment, patients with poorer premorbid cognitive functioning were more likely to stop antipsychotics (t=−2.54, df=75, p=0.01). Parkinsonian side effects increased the likelihood (hazard ratio=41.22; 95% CI=2.30, 737.89; p=0.01), and better executive function decreased the likelihood (hazard ratio=0.40; 95% CI=0.18, 0.88; p=0.02) that patients discontinued maintenance medication after a first relapse. Conclusion: Interventions to ameliorate cognitive deficits and Parkinsonian side effects may enhance treatment adherence.
A staggering development over the last few years within the field of electrode materials, whatever battery technology considered, has been the use of mechanochemistry to optimize materials’ electroactivity. This low temperature physical synthesis technique, which does not require solvent, is critical not only to control powder morphology, crystallinity and state of division, but also to enable the stabilization of metastable phases that cannot be achieved at high temperature. Another positive attribute of ball milling has been its use as both surface-treatment and coating techniques to control particle surfaces, and therefore to trigger materials’ electrochemical activity. To cite this article: J.-M. Tarascon et al., C. R. Chimie 8 (2005).
This paper investigates herding behavior in the US residential housing market. The sample period is 1975 M01 to 2015 M06. The study utilizes the housing price index of each of the 50 states and Washington DC to form nine census region-based markets, or portfolios and then employs switching and quantile regressions to examine the spatial and time-varying disparities of housing return dispersions and investors’ herding behavior. The study finds that the degree of herding varies across regimes, regions and conditional distributions. The regime-specific herd formation may be partially originated by extreme housing market conditions, bull and bear housing market conditions, uncertainty in national financial markets, economic recessions and uncertainty of economic policies. The bull housing markets exhibits stronger effects on return dispersion than down markets, which is consistent with the “flight-to-safety” consensus behavior of investors. The study also finds that positive and negative linear and nonlinear returns magnify dispersions in an asymmetric manner. The increase in co-movement and interdependence of state and regional-level housing markets returns among geographically diverse states and regions offer little hope of successful geographical portfolio diversification strategies for U.S housing market investors. Moreover, time-invariant modeling may yield incorrect inferences regarding herd formation in regional housing markets.
Topotactic transformation of film-shaped samples comprising a layered double hydroxide (LDH) to a metal oxide phase was performed by a hydrothermal or heat treatment. The degree of transformation was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The LDH film prepared as a raw material by a reflux process with urea was composed of plate-shaped particles that were partially perpendicular to the substrate. For the transformation, the LDH powder and film were treated hydrothermally at 90, 120, and 200°C in a LiOH aqueous solution or heated to 400, 600, and 800°C with a LiOH·H2O contact. The film shape and morphology of the LDH particles were retained after the hydrothermal treatment at 120°C. XPS and SXRD confirmed that two types of LDH with different compositions, Ni:Co=62:38 and 90:10, were formed in the as-prepared LDH. In the case of the sample treated hydrothermally, metal hydroxide with no intercalated anion within the interlayer space was observed and the metal oxyhydroxide formed with a ratio of approximately 15%. For the heated samples, the transformation to LiNi1-xCoxO2-related materials was carried out by heating to 600 or 800°C.
The electrochemical reaction mechanisms of tridymite FePO4 with Li ions were studied in the voltage range of 2.4–0V. The lithiation/delithiation of FePO4 was found to be similar to that of binary 3d-metal oxides, which involve the formation and decomposition of Li2O along with the reduction and oxidation of nanoscale 3d-metal nanoparticles. In the first discharge, FePO4 was reduced to metallic Fe nanoparticles dispersed in a lithium compound matrix consisting of Li3PO4 and Li2O. In the subsequent charge, these metallic Fe nanoparticles were partially oxidized to FeO by the decomposition of Li2O. The Li3PO4 matrix was inactive during the change of potential from 0 to 2.4V. It is notable that the re-oxidation of metallic Fe occurred only in the case of small nanoparticles, and the large Fe particles remained electrochemically inert during the reversible reaction.
Efficient catalyst with low overpotential and small Tafel slope for oxygen evolution reaction is the key factor to improve overall efficiency of Zn-air battery. In the present study, a novel hybrid catalyst with polyaniline and amorphous iron-cobalt-binary oxide supporting on multiwalled carbon nanotubes is prepared via a simple in situ method by mixing Fe3+, Co2+, aniline and multiwalled carbon nanotubes together followed by subsequent borohydride reduction with citrate as protective stabilizer. The optimal sample exhibits remarkable activity for oxygen evolution reaction in 0.1 M KOH solution, accompanied by a low overpotential of 440 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a small Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1. Such catalyst can endow rechargeable Zn-air battery with a high peak power density of 287.4 mW cm−2 and long-term cycling performance over 100 h with high efficiency and stability, demonstrating its promising feasibility as highly active electrocatalyst for rechargeable metal-air batteries.
Scanning faces is important for social interactions. Difficulty with the social use of eye contact constitutes one of the clinical symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been suggested that individuals with ASD look less at the eyes and more at the mouth than typically developing (TD) individuals, possibly due to gaze aversion or gaze indifference. However, eye-tracking evidence for this hypothesis is mixed. While gaze patterns convey information about overt orienting processes, it is unclear how this is manifested at the neural level and how relative covert attention to the eyes and mouth of faces might be affected in ASD.
Due to the temperature sensitive behavior of lithium-ion batteries a thermal management system (TMS) is typically integrated into the battery pack design. This system plays a crucial role in the total battery pack performance. During operation the TMS will induce nonuniform temperature distributions within the cells of the pack, due to relatively low cell thermal conductivity. However, limited research has been published regarding the effects of thermal nonuniformity throughout a cell, module, or pack. Understanding these effects will be beneficial to heat exchanger design and TMS control strategy optimization. Here, an experimental investigation is performed where fixed one-dimensional temperature distributions, emulating the effects of edge-based heat transfer, are applied across the face of a 10Ah NiCoMn Li-ion pouch cell. Average cell temperature conditions of 15, 25, and 35°C with edge-to-edge temperature differences ( Δ T ) of 0, 5, 10, and 20°C are applied. At each thermal treatment the effects on: (1) the pulse resistance at 50% state of charge, (2) the bulk resistance on a Charge-Depleting US06 power profile, and (3) the overpotential during Constant-Current charge are investigated. Pulse resistance is decreased with increased Δ T . However, the discharge resistance on the Charge-Depleting cycle was increased with increased Δ T . The Constant-Current charging overpotential (and therefore resistance) was also increased with increased Δ T . All effects are largest at 15°C, and negligible at 35°C.
To establish an accurate correlation between a separator’s pore structure and the electrochemical performance of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), we fabricate well defined polyethylene (PE) separators on the same production line while maintaining most processing variables, except for composition. Four PE separators having different thicknesses and porosities (16 μm/37%, 16 μm/40%, 16 μm/47%, 22 μm/47%, respectively) are physically and electrochemically evaluated in detail. Although thickness and porosity remain good parameters by which to represent the separators’ characteristics, both the normalized Gurley number and ionic conductance are found to have much stronger relationships with the rate capability.
Accurate battery modeling is one of the key factors in battery system design process and operation as well. Therefore, the knowledge of the distinct electric characteristics of the battery cells is mandatory. This work gives insight to the electric characteristics of lithium ion batteries (Li-ion) comprising LiFePO4-based cathode active materials with emphasis on their specific open-circuit-voltage (OCV) characteristics including hysteresis and special OCV recovery effects, which last for several minutes or even hours after a current load is interrupted. These effects are elucidated incorporating OCV measurement data of high power cells. Simple empiric models are derived and used in a model-based state estimation algorithm. The complete battery model includes an impedance model, a hysteresis model and an OCV recovery model part. The introduced model enables the assessment of the cells’ state-of-charge (SOC) precisely using model-based state estimation approaches.
The electrochemical behavior of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries was investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Measurements were performed in equidistant charge intervals at different depths of discharge and charge during the first cycle. Additionally, the degradation of the cells was analyzed for up to 50 cycles. An equivalent electrical circuit is proposed to simulate the electrochemical processes and to quantify the impedance contributions of Li–S batteries. EIS as a function of the cycle number shows an increased capacity for fading correlated with a decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the cathode. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also used to provide information about changes in the electrical conductivity of the cathode surface as they are related to the building of isolating films.
We report that electrodeposition of polymer electrolyte in nanostructured electrodes has a strong influence on the electrochemical properties of thin-film Li-ion microbatteries. Electropolymerization of PMMA-PEG (polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol) was carried out on both the anode (self-supported titania nanotubes) and the cathode (porous LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) by cyclic voltammetry and the resulting electrode-electrolyte interface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characterizations performed by galvanostatic experiments reveal that the capacity values obtained at different C-rates are doubled when the electrodes are completely filled by the polymer electrolyte.