batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The anthropogenic impact on the Earth’s climate system is currently one of the main factors determining climate change over all spatial scales, from local to global. Many scientific investigations have been devoted to the direct and indirect influence of various types of human activity on the state of the Earth’s climate system (ECS). Feedbacks that enhance or weaken anthropogenic effects during global warming have been studied in sufficient detail with the help of climate models. Regional models of climatic and meteorological processes that make possible detailed description of the climate properties in urban agglomerations and the role of feedbacks in the development of mesoscale atmospheric processes have been widely developed in recent years. This review is devoted to the description and analysis of mesoscale feedbacks in the climate system, including the energy consumption of an urban economy, which depends on climatic and weather conditions, and the role of these feedbacks in the formation and dynamics of the urban climate and the needs of an urban economy in regards to energy supply.
We compared migration movements and chronology between Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) marked with dorsally mounted satellite transmitters and pintails marked only with tarsus rings. During weekly intervals of spring and autumn migration between their wintering area in Japan and nesting areas in Russia, the mean distance that ringed pintails had migrated was up to 1000 km farther than the mean distance radiomarked pintails migrated. Radiomarked pintails were detected at spring migration sites on average 9.9 days (90 % CI 8.0, 11.8) later than ringed pintails that were recovered within 50 km. Although ringed and radiomarked pintails departed from Japan on similar dates, the disparity in detection of radiomarked versus ringed pintails at shared sites increased 7.7 days (90 % CI 5.2, 10.2) for each 1000 km increase in distance from Japan. Thus, pintails marked with satellite transmitters arrived at nesting areas that were 2500 km from Japan on average 19 days later than ringed birds. Radiomarked pintails were detected at autumn migration stopovers on average 13.1 days (90 % CI 9.8, 16.4) later than ringed birds that were recovered within 50 km. We hypothesize that dorsal attachment of 12–20 g satellite transmitters to Northern Pintails increased the energetic cost of flight, which resulted in more rapid depletion of energetic reserves and shortened the distance pintails could fly without refueling. Radiomarked pintails may have used more stopovers or spent longer periods at stopovers. causing their migration schedule to diverge from ringed pintails. We urge further evaluation of the effects of dorsally mounted transmitters on migration chronology of waterfowl.
A retrospective study was performed on 15 patients receiving 16 S-ROM mobile-bearing hinge total knee prostheses that were evaluated with at least a 2-year follow-up (range, 27-71 months). Indications for its use included severe instability and bone loss. The average patient age was 63 years (range, 33-83 years). There were 15 revision arthroplasties and 1 primary arthroplasty. Knee Society scores showed notable improvement in pain, motion, and stability (33.6 preoperatively vs 76.5 postoperatively; P <.0001) and approached significant improvement in function (29.2 preoperatively vs 43.5 postoperatively; P =.11). After excluding a patient with a traumatically ruptured patellar tendon, the probability of the latter comparison improved (P <.01). There was no evidence of loosening, and complete bone apposition was seen in nearly all cases. A high percentage of satisfactory results can be achieved when using this mobile-bearing hinge knee prosthesis for these indications.
RFID technology, an automatic identification and data capture technology to provide identification, tracing, security and so on, was widely applied to healthcare industry in these years. Employing HEPA ventilation system in hospital is a way to ensure healthful indoor air quality to protect patients and healthcare workers against hospital-acquired infections. However, the system consumes lots of electricity which cost a lot. This study aims to apply the RFID technology to offer a unique medical staff and patient identification, and reacting HEPA air ventilation system in order to reduce the cost, save energy and prevent the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection. The system, reacting HEPA air ventilation system, contains RFID tags (for medical staffs and patients), sensor, and reacting system which receives the information regarding the number of medical staff and the status of the surgery, and controls the air volume of the HEPA air ventilation system accordingly. A pilot program was carried out in a unit of operation rooms of a medical center with 1,500 beds located in central Taiwan from Jan to Aug 2010. The results found the air ventilation system was able to function much more efficiently with less energy consumed. Furthermore, the indoor air quality could still keep qualified and hospital-acquired infection or other occupational diseases could be prevented.
Garnet type electrolyte is of particular interest due to its outstanding stability against Li metal and high ionic conductivity at room temperature. But insufficient solid to solid contact hinders its further application on solid state batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to deal with the large impedance of Li/Garnet interface by introducing LiAg alloy reaction at the interface. Due to the lithiophilic nature of Ag interlayer, intimate contact of the interface successfully reduces the area specific resistance of Li/Garnet from 1534 Ωcm2 to 66 Ωcm2. Li dendrite is also suppressed not only at the Li/Garnet interface but among the Garnet grain boundary due to the moderate Li flux environment. Hybrid solid state Li/Garnet/LiMn2O4 full cell with remarkable electrochemical properties is achieved. The hybrid solid state batteries with a “breathing” Li/Garnet interface helps better understand the interface behavior of the Li/Garnet and provides more inspirations to further realize solid state batteries with high energy and power density.
This paper presents a review of studies and data on lithium resources and batteries and on electric cars, alongside with an exploratory study of the feasibility of replacing car fleet for personal transportation, using internal combustion engines (ICE), currently used in Paraguay and Bolivia, by equivalent electric vehicles. The energy mixes and natural resources of Bolivia and Paraguay ensue a unique opportunity for the development and production of electric cars in Latin America. Economic, energy, environmental, mineral resources criteria are considered. The introduction of electric mobility is evaluated in two scenarios: first, with electric vehicles available in the international market (EV); and, alternatively, with the implementation and development of local lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries and electric vehicles industries. Electric vehicles with Li-ion battery (BEV) could be built leveraging on the strategic advantages of natural resources from the Uyuni Salt Lake – Bolivia and the availability of electricity in Paraguay from the Itaipu hydro-power plant, as well as from Bolivian natural gas and renewable resources. The battery industry could be located in Bolivia while the Latin-American electric vehicle (LEV) industry could be based in Paraguay. Estimates conducted in this study show that replacement of existing fleet with (LEV) in the period of 10 years, the cumulative economic benefits for Paraguay are US$ 996 million and Bolivia in US$ 1373 million. Such replacement would allow a reduction of (GHG) emissions (greenhouse gases) nearly 8398Gg total CO2 avoided for Paraguay and 9420Gg total CO2 avoided for Bolivia, replacing (ICEV) internal combustion engine vehicle. However, the scenario envisioned to induce scale for local industrialization would rely on a conservative replacement of the 40 thousand vehicles per year in each country. The underlying idea is to gain scale locally for the initial production chain and then access the Latin American and world markets.
In this work, the La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xMnxO3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) perovskites (LSCM) were synthesized by a facile improved sol–gel method. The crystalline structures, morphologies, Co/Mn valence states and oxygen adsorption/desorption behavior of the LSCM materials are systematically studied, and their catalytic activities toward ORR and OER are investigated by the rotating-disk electrode (RDE) and zinc-air battery techniques. It is found that the proper substitution of Co with Mn can efficiently improve the ORR and OER activities of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 perovskite at the same time. The LSCM-60 catalyst exhibits the optimum bi-functional activity. It is mainly attributed to the regulation of the Bi-site Co/Mn valence states and the improvement of the oxygen adsorption/desorption capability. Besides of the good bi-functional property, LSCM-60 shows superior durability compared with Pt/C and IrO2 catalysts. When using LSCM-60 as the cathode catalyst of zinc-air batteries, the low charge-discharge overpotential (1.05V at 50mAcm−2) and the excellent long-term cycle stability were obtained. This study exhibits the possibility to improve the bi-functional activity of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 through a simple doping process.
Large-scale preparation of single-crystalline V2O5 nanobelts is successfully demonstrated with a simple solution treatment process under ambient condition using commercial V2O5 powders as the precursor. Unlike the commonly recognized Ostwald ripening process that involves the dissolution of small crystals and the redeposition of the dissolved species on the more energetically favored large particles, this preparation shows that the reaction mechanism of our method follows a different route, in which the large commercial V2O5 powders (1–4μm) dissolve in the solution and eventually transform into V2O5 nanobelts with lengths up to several tens of micrometers, widths of 5–50nm, and thicknesses of only ~5nm. The density function theory (DFT) calculation indicates that the preferential growth of V2O5 nanobelts along the [010] direction is attributed to the anisotropic bonding of V2O5 layered structure resulting in the fastest nucleation rate at the V2O5(010) surface. These nanobelts possess a remarkably large surface area, which is about 14 times higher than that of the V2O5 precursor. Binder-free bulky papers can be prepared by the intertwining V2O5 nanobelts with the acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. When the V2O5 nanobelts are applied as the cathodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), such robust and flexible electrodes demonstrate superior lithium and sodium storage performances at fast charge/discharge rates, delivering 144mAhg−1 at 20C in LIBs and 61mA h g−1 at 10C in SIBs respectively.
The hydrometallurgical extraction of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated. LIBs were first dismantled and a fraction rich in the active material was obtained by physical separation, containing 95% of the initial electrode, 2% of the initial steel and 22% of plastic materials. Several reducers were tested to improve metals dissolution in the leaching step using sulphuric acid. Sodium metabisulphite led to the best results and was studied in more detail. The best concentration of Na2S2O5 was 0.1 M. The metals dissolution increased with acid concentration, however, concentrations higher than 1.25 M are unnecessary. Best results were reached using a stirring speed of 400 min−1. The metals leaching efficiency from the active material (Li, Mn, Ni, Co) increased with the temperature and was above 80% for temperatures higher than 60 °C. The dissolution of metals also rose with the increase in the liquid/solid ratio (L/S), however, extractions above 85% can be reached at L/S as lower as 4.5 L/kg, which is favourable for further purification and recovery operations. About 90% of metals extraction can be achieved after only 0.5 h of leaching. Sodium metabisulphite can be an alternative reducer to increase the leaching of Li, Mn, Co, and Ni from spent LIBs.
Drawing on the stress proliferation theory, this study examined whether pre-migration trauma exposure is associated with post-migration acculturative stressors among Asian and Latino immigrants in the US. Based on the nationally representative data from the National Latino and Asian American Study, logistic regression models were estimated to assess how the pre-migration trauma exposure predicts multiple forms of the acculturative stress: guilt of leaving family/friends behind, social isolation, communication difficulty, employment difficulty, legal status stress, race- and language-based discrimination. Findings suggested that pre-migration trauma exposure is positively associated with social isolation, communication difficulty, legal status stress, and race-based discrimination for both the Asian and Latino immigrants. Pre-migration trauma exposure predicts higher risks of feeling guilty, employment difficulty, and language-based discrimination only for Asian immigrants. The study informs the public health intervention by highlighting distal risk factors in the pre-migration context as well as its proliferated stressors in the post-migration context. It also provides a basis for understanding the complexities of addressing the global burden of trauma.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries represent one of the most promising battery techniques in 21st century. However, the practical implementation of Li-S batteries is impeded by several intractable obstacles including the poor conductivity of sulfur, shuttling behaviour of polysulfides intermediates, and large volume change during sulfur lithiation. Thus, the rational design and morphological control of sulfur cathode paves the way to Li-S batteries practicalizations. Herein, we develop a blackberry-like hollow graphene sphere through spray drying method as a promising sulfur host for Li-S batteries. Attributed to the uniform sulfur distribution, fast reaction kinetics, and excellent sulfur immobilization, the S-HGS composite electrode achieves a highly reversible capacity of 780 mAh g−1, a great rate capability as well as cyclability without adding additives.
We present a first time report on novel and easy low temperature hydrothermal method using glycine to synthesize α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and Vulcan carbon (VC)-supported α-Fe2O3 composite. Formation of complex between glycine and iron metal ions retards iron oxide nucleation process at early stage of reaction, resulting in uniform dispersion of the iron oxide with smaller particle size. The small α-Fe2O3 NPs are highly dispersed on the VC to form an iron oxide-carbon composite, which exhibits a high specific capacity of 1200mAhg−1 as an anode material for lithium battery, significantly improving anode performance. The excellent performance observed with the α-Fe2O3/VC composite is ascribed to well-dispersed small iron oxide particles regulated by the novel glycine-assisted approach and the presence of a carbon support. In particular, remarkably, the activity of the α-Fe2O3/VC composite is much higher than combined sum of respective values of the bare α-Fe2O3 NPs and supporting VC, indicating strong favorable synergistic interaction between α-Fe2O3 and VC in the composite. Our studies demonstrate that the carbon support plays remarkably important roles as a conductive buffer and as active sites for lithium storage in significantly improving Li ion storage capacity, cycle life and rate capability of the anode electrode.
Due to the stochastic nature of wind, electric power generated by wind turbines is highly erratic and may affect both the power quality and the planning of power systems. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) may play an important role in wind power applications by controlling wind power plant output and providing ancillary services to the power system and therefore, enabling an increased penetration of wind power in the system. This article deals with the review of several energy storage technologies for wind power applications. The main objectives of the article are the introduction of the operating principles, as well as the presentation of the main characteristics of energy storage technologies suitable for stationary applications, and the definition and discussion of potential ESS applications in wind power, according to an extensive literature review.
Rechargeable Zn-based batteries are a safe alternative to Li-ion for compatibility with aqueous electrolyte. Also, theoretical volumetric energy density of Zn-based batteries (e.g. Zn-air) is ~85% of lithium-sulfur battery. However, the rechargeability and specific capacity of Zn anodes are limited by passivation and dissolution. Here we report a ZnO@TiNxOy core/shell nanorod structure for deeply rechargeable Zn anodes. The small diameter (<500 nm) of ZnO prevents passivation and allows full utilization of active materials, while the thin and conformal TiNxOy coating mitigates Zn dissolution in alkaline electrolyte, mechanically maintains the nanostructure, and delivers electron to nanorods. As a result, the ZnO@TiNxOy core/shell nanorod anode achieves superior specific capacity and cycle life compared with bulk Zn foil and uncoated ZnO nanorod anodes. The discharge capacity of this anode is twice as large as that of the uncoated ZnO nanorod anode. Remarkably, our ZnO@TiNxOy nanorod anode achieves a much higher specific discharge capacity of 508 mA h/g(Zn) than that of many previously reported zinc anodes. It can deeply cycle >640 times (64 days) in a beaker cell and deliver excellent long-term electrochemical performance (more than 7500 cycles) when cycled under start-stop conditions. The nanoscale design principles reported here is an important step towards practical deeply rechargeable Zn anodes, and can potentially be applied to overcome intrinsic limitations of other battery materials that involve soluble intermediates or insulating discharge products.
A pronounced difference in the mechanism of Li and Mg-ion insertions into the Chevrel phase (M x Mo6S8, 0<x<2 for Mg and 0<x<4 for Li) has been found using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Whereas the Li-ion insertion mechanism was qualitatively similar to that for a variety of transition metal oxides (charge-transfer semicircle+finite space Warburg), Mg-ion intercalation into the Chevrel electrode revealed two new features: a Gerischer-type impedance in the high-to-medium frequency domain and a low-frequency semicircle due to charge trapping. Evidence was provided in favor of a solid-state origin of the Gerischer impedance linked to a following chemical reaction (with respect to the Mg-ion-transfer) between the doubly charged cation and the S8 anion. Based on a transmission line representation, a more general model for charge trapping has been proposed, which reduces to a Gerischer impedance in the high frequency limit. Charge trapping (i.e., the solid-state ion association) was recognized to be the major reason for a reduced Mg-ion mobility in the Chevrel electrode compared to that of Li-ion. We also discuss a peculiar potential dependence of the resistance of ion-transfer into the Chevrel electrode in the framework of a lattice-gas model with elastic interactions and stresses in the host bulk.
In this study, we investigated in school-age children the relationship among mathematical performance, the perception of numerosity (discrimination and mapping to number line), and sustained visual attention. The results (on 68 children between 8 and 11years of age) show that attention and numerosity perception predict math scores but not reading performance. Even after controlling for several variables, including age, gender, nonverbal IQ, and reading accuracy, attention remained correlated with math skills and numerosity discrimination. These findings support previous reports showing the interrelationship between visual attention and both numerosity perception and math performance. It also suggests that attentional deficits may be implicated in disturbances such as developmental dyscalculia.
Introduction The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), an interview-based assessment of cognition, has proved to be a valid measure of cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. Objective The aims of this study were to analyze the validity of this scale in a naturalistic setting representative of the Italian system of psychiatric care, and to test whether the SCoRS could be appropriately used in different phases of illness and contexts of care. Methods Eighty-six patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria) (N=59 clinically stabilized patients; N=27 recently hospitalized patients) were administered the SCoRS. The reliability of SCoRS was assessed and global ratings were correlated with neurocognitive, clinical, and psychosocial functioning measures. Results SCoRS inter-rater and test–retest reliability were high. In clinically stabilized patients, SCoRS global ratings were significantly correlated with composite scores of cognitive performance (global cognitive index: r=−0.570, P<0.001), symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score: r=0.602, P<0.001), and psychosocial functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): r=−0.532, P<0.001; Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS): r=0.433, P<0.001). On the other hand, no such correlations were found in recently hospitalized patients. Correlations with neuropsychological and functional measures were less significant as the severity of the patients' symptoms, especially positive symptoms, increased. Conclusion The SCoRS is a valid measure of cognitive performance and is related to psychosocial functioning, especially in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. The usefulness of the SCoRS in patients recently admitted to hospital for an acute phase of illness is uncertain.
The use of commercially available components enables rapid prototyping and assembling of laboratory scale hybrid test-bed systems, which can be used to evaluate new hybrid configurations. The development of such a test-bed using an off-the-shelf PEM fuel cell, lithium-ion battery and DC/DC converter is presented here, and its application to a hybrid configuration appropriate for an unmanned underwater vehicle is explored. A control algorithm was implemented to regulate the power share between the fuel cell and the battery with a graphical interface to control, record and analyze the electrochemical and thermal parameters of the system. The results demonstrate the applicability of the test-bed and control algorithm for this application, and provide data on the dynamic electrical and thermal behaviour of the hybrid system.
We report herein on the electroanalytical behavior of Li x Na y V2O5 electrodes that were synthesized electrochemically from aqueous solutions of vanadyl and sodium sulphates, followed by thermal annealing (300°C). The electrodes were comprised of monolithic layers deposited on a stainless steel plate. A capacity above 200mAh/g could be obtained at relatively high rates (>C/3h) and prolonged cycling (hundreds of charge–discharge cycles). As evident from FTIR and XPS measurements, the electrodes develop surface films due to interactions with CO2 in the air and solution species. Electroanalytical data obtained from slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry (SSCV), potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are discussed.