batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The performance of rechargeable Li-ion batteries is mainly associated with their kinetic problems linked to the solid-state diffusion of Li in intercalation electrodes and the quality of interfaces. To solve the kinetic problems of NiO anodes, we have developed novel coating techniques to prepare NiO@C nanoplates using oleic acid as the carbon resource and evaluated as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared NiO@C using oleic acid and NiO nanoplates as precursors exhibited a reversible capacity of 883 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles. The excellent electrochemical property could be attributed to high electric conduction and unique carbon nanolayer in the shell, which could alleviate the structural strain, and form a stable SEI film on the surface of composites. This work demonstrates such coating precursor techniques are effective to solve above-mentioned kinetic problems of electrode materials, and would direct us to prepare other composites for electrochemical devices.
Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery has emerged as an important power source for portable devices and electric vehicles due to its superiority over other energy storage technologies. A mild temperature variation as well as a proper operating temperature range are essential for a Li-ion battery to perform soundly and have a long service life. In this review paper, the heat generation and dissipation of Li-ion battery are firstly analyzed based on the energy conservation equations, followed by an examination of the hazardous effects of an above normal operating temperature. Then, advanced techniques in respect of electrode modification and systematic battery thermal management are inspected in detail as solutions in terms of reducing internal heat production and accelerating external heat dissipation, respectively. Specifically, variable parameters like electrode thickness and particle size of active material, along with optimization methods such as coating, doping, and adding conductive media are discussed in the electrode modification section, while the current development in air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipe cooling, and phase change material cooling systems are reviewed in the thermal management part as different ways to improve the thermal performance of Li-ion batteries.
This longitudinal study aimed at identifying predictors of community outcome from a broad range of neuropsychological, clinical psychopathologic, sociodemographic, and treatment related factors. N = 96 schizophrenia patients were assessed both at baseline during inpatient treatment and 1 year after discharge from hospital (follow-up). At follow-up functional outcome was measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Social Adjustment Scale II (SAS II). Data were analyzed in an explorative way by means of multiple linear regression analyses. Three out of the five functional outcome measures were predicted by the negative syndrome and measures of cognitive functioning. However, the positive syndrome also consistently predicted psychosocial functioning. Altogether, the regression models explained between 20% and 35% of the variance in our outcome measures. The findings not only reemphasize that negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions are key determinants of community outcome but also point to a potential predictive relevance of positive symptoms.
Combined multi-technique (visible spectroscopy, conductance, electrospray MS) experiments have been applied to the study of Jacobsen’s manganese salen complex, JCl. Equilibria between JCl and σ-donors L (heterocyclic amines and 4-phenylpyridine N-oxide) form labile octahedral salts [J(L)22]Cl as the major solution species. Many samples of JCl are found occasionally to contain small amounts of an impurity whose kinetic behaviour suggest it is JOH. The compound JOH may also be generated by Bu4NOH addition to JCl. In the presence of an excess of cumyl hydroperoxide CHP and N-methylimidazole, JOH is converted into a green intermediate, characterised by mass spectrometry as [J22(O)]++. This intermediate undergoes first-order decomposition in the presence of CHP regenerating JOH.
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is one of the organophosphate insecticides most used worldwide today. Its greatest use is in agriculture on fruits, grains, vegetables, cotton, sugar cane, and coffee (Solomon et al. 2014), although it is also used in livestock, ornamental plants, and the grass of golf courses. As a consequence of its widespread use as well as its physical-chemical properties (solubility), it is easily washed into ground and surface waters, even marine environment, leading to accumulation in sediments given its hydrophobicity (Giesy et al. 1999; Gebremariam et al. 2012). The main degradation product of CP is 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) (Xu et al. 2008) produced by hydrolytic and photolytic mechanisms (Baskaran et al. 2003). TCP is more water-soluble than the parent compound which provokes a high mobility causing contamination in soils and aquatic environments.
In this work, we report a facile route for the synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material via freeze-drying and then calcination. The effect of calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C is also investigated. When used as a lithium-ion battery cathode, the optimized Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP-800) through calcination at 800 °C exhibits a high initial charge and discharge capacity. The excellent electrochemical performance of LVP-800 is attributed to the good crystallinity and uniform morphology of the electrode material. In addition, the residual carbon can also improve the conductivity and buffer the volume expansion during the Li-ion extraction/reinsertion. Meanwhile, charge compensation also plays an important role in excellent electrochemical performance.
Achieving a control over the growth of one-dimensional nanomaterial is significant for the study of energy storage material and device. In the present work, nickel tungstate (NiWO4) nanofiber was synthesized by electrospinning technique combined with subsequent annealing treatment. The obtained NiWO4 nanofiber is found to be highly crystalline and possesses a diameter of about 180nm and a length of several millimeters. The influence of severe-annealing treatment on the structure and the electrochemical performance is studied and found that the temperature of annealing is a crucial factor in the crystalline phase, purity, structure and morphology. The impurities in the product of electrospinning disappeared, when the annealing temperature is raised from 650 to 670°C, and a pure phase of mesoporous NiWO4 nanofiber is obtained. However, for the temperature raising from 670 to 700°C, the crystalline grains of the nanofiber grew and merged rapidly, as the mesoporous structure is disappeared. The lithium-ion battery furnished by the NiWO4 nanofiber annealed at 700°C as anode material, shows a moderate performance, while the battery provided by NiWO4 nanofiber annealed at 670°C exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with high initial coulombic efficiency, high specific capacity, good cycle performance and rate performance. The initial coulombic efficiency could reach as high as 77.1%. A high reversible capacity of 514mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 is achieved after 100 charge/discharge cycles, which indicated that NiWO4 nanofiber was a promising candidate anode material for lithium ion battery.
The electrodeposited nickel nanocone-arrays without any template are introduced to Sn-based anode materials as current collector for lithium ion battery. Nickel nanocone-arrays are tightly wedged in the electrodeposited Sn film, and thereby enhance the interfacial strength between active materials and substrate. Furthermore, annealing is conducted to form Sn–Ni alloy, in which Ni renders an inactive matrix to buffer volume change during cyclic lithiation/delithiation. The nanocone-arrays supported Sn–Ni alloy anode shows satisfactory Li+ storage properties with the first reversible capacity of 807mAhg−1. The charge capacity for the 50th cycle is 678mAhg−1, delivering good retention rate of 99.6% per cycle. These improved performances of nickel nanocone-arrays supported Sn–Ni alloy anodes indicate the potential of their application as electrode materials for high performance energy storage.
Raindrop impact and surface flow trigger the downstream movement of soil particles by the processes of rainfall-induced soil erosion. A set of laboratory simulated rainfall experiments was carried out to study soil loss and size characteristics of discharged sediments of a soil under a rainfall intensity of 70mm/h, controlled initial soil suctions and moistures. The rainfall simulation was instrumented with tensiometers and moisture sensors. A new device capable of deriving impact force, velocity, and kinetic energy of a falling waterdrop was developed. Sediment sizes in runoff were characterized by a laser particle size analyzer in order to correlate with the properties of rainfall. 1D simulated rainfall experiments were also employed to study soil detachment and soil susceptibility to rainfall under both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. The processes of soil erosion and outflow size characteristics of sediments relating to effect of suction were discussed. The proposed set of experiments will be a viable tool for measuring soil loss, sediment runoff, and sediment sizes discharged from a farmland pertaining to properties of rain, soil and flow.
Calendar aging prediction is a key technique to develop durable and robust electric vehicles. Automotive grade pouch cells based on LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and graphite are tested in an extensive accelerated calendar aging matrix and analyzed for capacity loss and evolved gas volume. This study derives an extended semi-empirical calendar aging model considering an initial solid electrolyte interface layer grown during the formation process. The extent of the thus lost active lithium is derived by open circuit voltage curve fitting as well as by inductive coupled plasma experiments. For this analysis the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 first cycle inefficiency is considered. Additionally, a validation technique based on the split of aging data into training and validation data is introduced with which it is possible to quantify the predictive capability of aging models. Using this technique the developed calendar aging model of this study is compared with competing aging models in literature. The derived global aging model is quantitatively shown to exceed other models in terms of their predictive ability, especially when little data is provided to the model.
Isolated-checks were luminance-modulated temporally to elicit VEPs. Bright or dark checks were used to drive ON or OFF pathways, and low or high-contrast conditions were used to emphasize activity from magnocellular or parvocellular pathways. Manipulation of stimulus parameters and frequency analysis of the VEP were performed to obtain spatial and contrast–response functions. A biophysical explanation is offered for why the opposite polarity stimuli drive selectively ON and OFF pathways in primary visual cortex, and a lumped biophysical model is proposed to quantify the data and characterize changes in the dynamics of the system with contrast given a limited number of parameters. Response functions were found to match the characteristics of the targeted pathways.
Four transition metals, namely cobalt, iron, manganese, and nickel, were separately combined with lanthanum metal to synthesize LaMO3 (M = Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni) perovskites using a sol–gel method. Electrodes for zinc–air rechargeable batteries were prepared with these perovskites and evaluated in terms of their morphology, crystal structure, electric conductivity, surface area, and particle size distribution. The electrochemical properties of the perovskites were characterized as catalysts of bifunctional electrodes for Hgen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution. Additionally, partially substituted LaNix(M1, M2, or M3)1−xO3 (x = 0.25 or 0.5, and M1, 2, 3 = Co, Fe, Mn) perovskites were synthesized to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of a metal in the Ni site, and improved physical and electrochemical properties were obtained.
NMR spectroscopy continues to evolve, with publications in 2012 providing an eclectic collection of applications, advances and incremental improvements. Publication highlights include: the “Prodigy” probe from Bruker, a 60 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer, Earth-field NMR, dual receivers and dual acquisition methods, para-hydrogen enhancement by chemical-association and high-field DNP. I am indebted to the great and the good whose work has been reported here, all credit is theirs; errors, omissions and blame are all mine.
Electrochemistry is the science behind batteries and fuel cells. Those devices are needed in green solar energy or wind energy schemes, which are inherently unstable or uncertain power sources. Batteries provide backup through a process known as load leveling. A Ragone chart visually shows the characteristics of electrical storage devices plotted as the logarithm of energy storage density (expressed in Wh/kg) against the logarithm of power producing density (expressed in W/kg). Lead-acid batteries are familiar but are too heavy and store too little energy for their size. The electrochemical series is useful in predetermining the voltage of a battery or the potential required for electroplating an element, such as nickel. Modern batteries are based on lithium or hydrides. Their superiority is clear on a Ragone plot. Fuel cells are reversible and continuously refueled batteries generally consuming (or producing) hydrogen and air (oxygen). A proton exchange membrane (PEM) is their key technology. Key Words: Batteries, fuel cells, green solar energy, wind energy, load leveling, Ragone chart, lead-acid battery, electrochemical series, lithium, hydrides, proton exchange membrane (PEM), anode, cathode, ultracapacitors.
We have developed a new technology to predict capacity fading of lithium-ion cells using the analysis of their discharge curves. A cell capacity is deduced from the cell voltage window and the cell discharge curve, which was obtained by superimposing discharge curves of the positive and negative electrodes. This new technology consists of three steps: first, to analyze cell discharge curves measured during the calendar life test in order to evaluate deterioration indicators such as the positive and negative usable capacities and the irreversible capacities caused by the side reactions; secondly, to formulate these indicators as the functions of the test time; lastly, to produce the cell discharge curves by using these functions and deduce corresponding cell capacity, over storage days for prediction. Prediction of the faded capacities of the cells after a 960 day calendar life test was attempted with the data up to 360 days using the technology described above and the conventional method by extrapolating capacity-fading data in accordance with square-root time rule. Consequently, the proposed technology predicted the faded capacities more precisely than the conventional method, particularly under severe conditions.
H2SO4 concentration has an important influence on the performance of vanadium electrolytes and flow batteries. However, the comprehensive research is still inadequate. In this work, a series of electrolytes with 1.5 M vanadium ions (V2+, V3+, V3.5+, VO2+ and VO2 +) in various concentrations of H2SO4 (1.5 M, 2.0 M, 2.5 M, 3.0 M, 3.5 M and 4.0 M) are prepared and their physicochemical properties, electrochemical activities, single-cell performances, and static stability are studied in detail. The conductivity and viscosity of the electrolytes increase with increasing H2SO4 concentration. Besides, the electrochemical properties are improved in higher concentration of H2SO4 except for the charge transfer resistance and hydrogen evaluation reaction. Meanwhile, the single-cell performances with 3.0–4.0 M of H2SO4 are superior to those with 1.5–2.5 M of H2SO4. However, V3+ in 4.0 M H2SO4 is not stable enough to store for a long time at room temperature. The above results indicate that 3.0 M and 3.5 M of H2SO4 should be used as supporting electrolytes to achieve efficient and stable vanadium flow batteries. This work may also provide a guide for study and practical application of vanadium flow batteries.
Unlike an intercalation cathode, which has an intrinsic host structure made of redox metal sites allowing the transport of Li+/e−, sulfur as a conversion cathode requires an additional host to store and immobilize the mobile redox centers, polysulfides. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a class of highly porous and well-defined crystalline materials are a promising platform to search for an effective host through rational design. With the appropriate selection of an electrolyte and a cutoff voltage range, sulfur stored in an appropriate MOF host can take advantage of both intercalation (fast and stable) and conversion (high energy density) cathodes. Herein, we describe a fast cathode with long cycle life based on sulfur and ZIF-8 nanocrystals. With 30 wt% sulfur loading in the electrode, it achieves remarkable discharge capacities of 1055 mA h g−1 (based on sulfur) at 0.1 C and 710 mA h g−1 at 1 C. The decay over 300 cycles at 0.5 C is 0.08% per cycle, prominent in long-cycle Li–S batteries. By comparing with another three distinct MOFs, MIL-53 (Al), NH2-MIL-53 (Al) and HKUST-1, as well as two sets of ZIF-8 with particle sizes in the micrometer range, it reveals that (i) the small particle size of the MOF host is appreciable to achieve a high capacity and (ii) small apertures, associated with functionalities in the open framework that have affinity with the polysulfide anions, can help achieve a stable cycling. We believe that the findings are general and applicable for the rational design of new hosts for sulfur in other porous material families to produce more effective and stable Li–S batteries.
A high-yield and facile approach for producing K-birnessite layered nanoflake was proposed via simply mixing and hydrothermally heating the mixture of potassium oxalate and potassium permanganate aqueous solution. The product yield was proved to be significantly increased with the addition of potassium oxalate, and the possible reason was also discussed. The product was confirmed to be K-birnessite by a series of characterizations, and fabricated on nickel foam to study the electrochemical behaviors as active electrode material for supercapacitor. Electrochemical results showed that the product exhibited well-performed charge storage properties, and could be promising for applications in energy storage devices.
LiFePO4/C composites prepared by the hydrothermal method and the calcinations process are used as the cathode material for ARLBs. The ARLB is built up with LiFePO4/C and LiV3O8 in 9 M LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte without the dissolved oxygen, which can deliver a capacity of 88.7 mAh g−1 at 10C-rate after 100 cycles. This ARLB has still the discharge capacity of 60 mAh g−1 at 50C-rate after 500 cycles. The excellent rate capabilities show that this ARLB exhibits great potential as the power sources for high power applications.
The idea of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) lies on the fact that heterogeneous Energy Storage System (ESS) technologies have complementary characteristics in terms of power and energy density, life cycle, response rate, and so on. In other words, high power ESS devices possess fast response rate while in the contrary, high energy ESS devices possess slow response rate. Therefore, it may be beneficial to hybridize ESS technologies in the way that synergize functional advantages of two heterogeneous existing ESS technologies As a consequence, this hybridization provides excellent characteristics not offered by a single ESS unit. This new technology has been proposed and investigated by several researchers in the literature particularly in the fields of renewable energy and electrified transport sector. In this context and according to an extensive literature survey, this paper is to review the concept of the HESS, hybridization principles and proposed topologies, power electronics interface architectures, control and energy management strategies, and application arenas.
There is an urgent need for identifying nondemented individuals at the highest risk of progressing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Here, we evaluated whether a recently validated polygenic hazard score (PHS) can be integrated with known in vivo cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers of amyloid, and CSF tau pathology to prospectively predict cognitive and clinical decline in 347 cognitive normal (CN; baseline age range = 59.7–90.1, 98.85% white) and 599 mild cognitively impaired (MCI; baseline age range = 54.4–91.4, 98.83% white) individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1, GO, and 2. We further investigated the association of PHS with post-mortem amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangles in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort (N = 485, age at death range = 71.3–108.3). In CN and MCI individuals, we found that amyloid and total tau positivity systematically varies as a function of PHS. For individuals in greater than the 50th percentile PHS, the positive predictive value for amyloid approached 100%; for individuals in less than the 25th percentile PHS, the negative predictive value for total tau approached 85%. High PHS individuals with amyloid and tau pathology showed the steepest longitudinal cognitive and clinical decline, even among APOE ε4 noncarriers. Among the CN subgroup, we similarly found that PHS was strongly associated with amyloid positivity and the combination of PHS and biomarker status significantly predicted longitudinal clinical progression. In the ROSMAP cohort, higher PHS was associated with higher post-mortem amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangles, even in APOE ε4 noncarriers. Together, our results show that even after accounting for APOE ε4 effects, PHS may be useful in MCI and preclinical AD therapeutic trials to enrich for biomarker-positive individuals at highest risk for short-term clinical progression.
In India, kerosene is primarily used for domestic lighting in un-electrified rural households. The government incurs significant expenditure on subsidies and under-recoveries associated with supply of kerosene distributed through public distribution system. In addition to poor illumination and indoor pollution, kerosene lamp usage necessitates expenditure on purchase of kerosene for lighting. The study evaluates the feasibility of diverting subsidies and under-recoveries provided by government and the fuel cost incurred by the user to finance replacement of kerosene lamps with solar lanterns. It is found that such an initiative will save money for both the government as well as the users besides providing better quality illumination without any indoor pollution.