batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this study, we have reported facile electrodeposited MnS on reduced graphene oxide wrapped Ni-foam for enhanced supercapacitor applications. The crystalline nature of rGO, MnS and their composite are confirmed by the XRD analysis. The well distorted graphitic carbon network and homogenous dispersion of the rGO in the composite electrode materials are recognized by Raman spectroscopy. The improved current capability and their reversibility with strong redox behavior have been identified by Cyclic voltammetry technique. The electrodeposited MnS@rGO/Ni-foam composite electrode has delivered high specific capacitance of 2220 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g with the retention of capacitance 94.6% in the 1000th cycle at 20 A/g. It is clearly mentioned that the electrodeposited MnS is able to meet the current requirements in energy storage devices.
Intermetallic compounds are under investigation as possible anode materials in lithium batteries. The compounds on which the Argonne National Laboratory group has primarily focused were selected on the basis of structural compatibility between host and product (lithiated) phases. In this presentation, we discuss the additional insights into the behavior of intermetallic-compound anodes that are available from materials modeling.
Photovoltaic (PV) hybrid systems can make a positive contribution to the sustainability of rural communities in developing countries that do not have access to electricity grid. Integration of solar photovoltaic system with diesel generator for remote and rural areas would assist in expanding the electricity access in the tropical region. A survey of PV hybrid system in Thailand during the last decade regarding to status of technology, performance in terms of technical and economic aspects, and their prospects has been presented in this paper.
Often recommended, calcium supplements have been incriminated as increasing the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary calcium has generally been exonerated. As a first step to address the vascular safety of such dietary measures at the clinical nutritionist toolbox, we sought to determine and compare the acute effects of a typical oral calcium load, provided either as a supplement or as food, on vascular parameters assessed noninvasively in healthy subjects.
The present study focuses on optimal sizing of an integrated renewable energy (IRE) system with battery bank to meet the load demand of a cluster of four zones in Karnataka state of India. Hourly load demand has been simulated using HOMER software based on three scenarios - high investment with low (HILR) rating appliances, medium investment with moderate (MIMR) rating appliances, and low investment with high (LIHR) rating appliances. Simulation results of optimal size, total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) have been obtained using genetic algorithm (GA) considering different scenarios with and without DSM strategy by keeping energy index at 1. Results of three scenarios with DSM strategy were compared with those without DSM strategy. Based on the comparison of the results, scenario of HILR with DSM strategy is found to have minimum TNPC and COE for zone 1 and zone 2, while scenario of MIMR with DSM for zone 3 and LIHR with DSM for zone 4 are found to have least TNPC and COE. Further, obtained results of TNPC of GA have been validated by comparing PSO technique. It has been observed that, results of GA and PSO were found to be almost same.
A new all-polymer battery system has been developed. Polypyrrole and styryl-substituted dialkoxyterthiophene (poly(OC10DASTT) are used as the cathode and anode material, respectively. The anode electrode is prepared by directly casting undoped neutral poly(OC10DASTT) from chloroform solution on two different substrates (current-collectors), carbon-fibre mat or Ni/Cu-coated nonwoven polyester. Poly(OC10DASTT) exhibits electroactivity on these two substrates, and batteries containing the polymers show different charge/discharge properties. All the batteries show a high discharge efficiency of over 94%, and a discharge capacity of 39.1mAhg−1 is obtained for the battery with an anode that consists of poly(OC10DASTT) on Ni/Cu-coated nonwoven polyester.
Driven by the tremendous opportunities offered by dye solar cells technology in terms of building integration, a new generation of smart multifunctional photoelectrochemical cells has the potential to attract the interest of a rapidly growing number of research institutions and industrial companies. Photovoltachromic devices are capable to produce a smart modulation of the optical transmittance and, at the same time, to generate electrical power by means of solar energy conversion. In this work, a specifically designed bifunctional counterelectrode has been realized by depositing a C-shaped platinum frame which bounds a square region occupied by a tungsten oxide (WO3) film onto a transparent conductive substrate. These two regions have been electrically separated to make possible distinct operations on one or both of the available circuits. Such an unconventional counterelectrode makes it possible to achieve a twofold outcome: a smart and fast-responsive control of the optical transmittance and a relatively high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In particular we investigated the effect of the electrolyte composition on both photoelectrochromic and photovoltaic performances of such devices by systematically tuning the iodide content in the electrolyte. The best result was obtained by filling the cell with an iodine concentration of 0.005 M: a coloration efficiency of 61.10 cm2C−1 at a wavelength of 780 nm and, at the same time, a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 6.55% have been reported.
Underground mining requires lot of water pumping to surface which increases cost. Because of safety, support, ventilation and environment costs underground mines are closing down gradually all over the world. This innovative paper is based on method studies by computer programming with realistic data. With development of electronic control systems, coal water slurry mix can be remote controlled for transport to surface Separator-bunker. Main consumers need powdered coal/mineral like thermal power stations, for feeding to Fuel Burners of boilers, generating power or in steel plants for feeding into coke ovens to make hard coke for charging into Blast Furnaces for making pig iron. Feed for coal washeries also require crushed coal and output of washed coal as slurry can be sent to coke ovens of steel plants directly. Production from mine faces should be taken through lump-breaker and conveyed to a mixing chamber, near panel sump, from where adequate capacity slurry pump will propel up to pit-top. The projected financial benefit can be several millions of Rupees per year, as compared to road, rail conveyor or winders is shown, by run of a computer program in Java, with realistic cost figures from mines.
The N-doped carbon layer coating MnO microspheres with a core-shell structure (referred as MnO@NC) have been successfully synthesized by combining a facile hydrothermal method with the in-situ interfacial polymerization and subsequent carbonization process in this study. The experimental results manifest that the as-prepared MnO@NC composite exhibits a hierarchical and porous microstructure with better crystallinity and higher specific surface area. When the MnO@NC composite is evaluated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), it can show enhanced electrochemical performances, including the superior cycling performance (784 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1), good rate capacity (206 mAh g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1) and stable long-term cycling performance (881 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1). The above enhanced electrochemical performances are ascribed to the synergistic effects between the unique microstructure and chemical composition. Therefore, the resultant hierarchical structured porous MnO@NC microspheres could be a promising candidate for the application to the next-generation anode materials in LIBs.
Abstract Swimming micro-robots are envisioned as the definitive therapeutic tools in order to achieve minimal invasive medicine for over 50 years. Micro-robots will be able to reach deep inside the human body as it contains an enormous and intricate network of ducts and vessels filled with liquids. The desired method of propulsion is swimming mimicking natural micro-swimmers, that is, bacteria and spermatozoa. Consequently, several issues emerged due to different physical characteristics of the desired dimensions, immune responses of living organisms, sensing and control while performing deep in tissue, and limitations on the power supply methods to sustain actuation and maneuvering. The latest approach to address all these issues is to employ natural swimmers with computer control to deliver cargo instead resulting in micro cybernetic systems. Furthermore, manufacturing techniques are originally based on microelectromechanical systems manufacturing techniques; but, evolved to include a much wider range of materials and methods hand in hand with biocompatibility.
The ideal electrolyte material for a solid-state battery would have the ionic conductivity of a liquid, the mechanical properties of a solid, and the formability of a commodity thermoplastic. If system energy densities >300Wh/kg are to be achieved, the electrolyte must be light and thin, yet act as a reliable physical separator for the electrodes. In this laboratory it has been shown that this challenge can be met with several classes of microphase-separating polymers, specifically, block and graft copolymers. The attributes and performance limitations of each are described along with the prognosis for their deployment in a solid-state battery.
We construct successfully a porous antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)/nitrogen-doped graphene 3-dimensional (3D) frameworks (denoted as ATO/NG/TEPA; TEPA refers to tetraethylenepentamine) by a one-pot hydrothermal process, with which TEPA aqueous solution is adopted to easily re-disperse commercial ATO precursor forming a transparent hydrosol. The results show that TEPA plays a key role in the construction of ATO/NG/TEPA, not only acting as a peptization reagent to re-disperse ATO precursor nanoparticles, and as a linker to combine ATO with graphene sheets. The as-fabricated ATO/NG/TEPA hybrid as the negative electrode of lithium ion batteries exhibits excellent lithium storage capacity and cycling stability. With the advantage of easily re-dispersing commercial ATO, the present synthetic route may be put into use for the large-scale production of the titled nanocomposites as the anode material of lithium ion batteries.
A nickel hydroxide electrode and a commercial battery have been studied by a new and contact-less impedance method, based on Foucault’s eddy currents, with the aim of determining their state of charge. Four different current line distributions have been employed and the impedance versus time graphs obtained show a linear variation of this impedance during charge and discharge for all configurations. This new method allows the determination of the state of charge and, furthermore some “artifacts” obvious on these graphs may be useful to detect a deterioration of the studied material.
Carbonaceous composites have attracted much attention as electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors. Additionally, transition metal oxides, such as Co3O4, have high specific capacitance in the charging/discharging process. Here, we investigated the lithium storage mechanism of Co3O4/CNTs material via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, we analyzed the structure and composition of the anode material by high-resolution TEM, electron diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Using our unique in situ experimental setup that employs colloidal electrolyte, we elucidate two different mechanisms during operation, including the electrochemical reaction (battery-type) and ions intercalation (supercapacitor-type) of the electrode material. The cube-like Co3O4 nanoparticles were converted to Co nanograins dispersed in the Li2O matrix after the first charging cycle. Subsequent cycles presented a reversible reaction between Co/Li2O and CoO/Li2O. Furthermore, the porous structure of the CNTs and conservation of the Li2O matrix allow for the excellent ability to accommodate tremendous volume expansion, which enhances the life of hybrid supercapacitors. Our observations not only provide direct evidence of the electrochemical behavior but also improve the structure to promote enhanced performance for the application of hybrid supercapacitors.
The use of Li metal anode is important for developing all-solid-state Li rechargeable batteries with high energy densities. In this study, all-solid-state Li symmetric cells using sulfide electrolytes in the Li3PS4-LiI system were fabricated to investigate the Li dissolution/deposition cycling performance. A cell using 54Li3PS4·46LiI (mol%) glass electrolyte was cycled at a current density of 1.25 mA cm−2 for 3400 h at 100 °C without short-circuiting, and the highest areal capacity of 7.5 mAh cm−2 was achieved. Structural analyses of the interface between Li and solid electrolytes revealed that the reduction of electrolyte by the Li metal was suppressed by adding LiI to Li3PS4, and good interfacial contact was maintained even after prolonged cycling. The addition of LiI to Li3PS4 glass improved the tolerance to reduction with Li metal, and enhanced the Li dissolution/deposition cycling performance.
Several new electrode materials and electrolyte additives have been tested at Yardney in various combinations in order to improve the performance of LIB at elevated temperature and to extend the calendar life performance. The cell cycling results with new electrode/additive combinations were compared to the lithium-ion systems that normally work well at low temperatures. The goal of this effort was to enhance the cells’ cyclability at elevated temperature (70°C) without losing the performance at −20°C.
Studies of the interactions of demersal fishing gear with the benthic environment are needed in order to manage conservation of benthic habitats. There has been limited direct assessment of these interactions through deployment of cameras on commercial fishing gear especially on demersal longlines. A compact, autonomous deep-sea video system was designed and constructed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) for deployment on commercial fishing gear to observe interactions with benthos in the Southern Ocean finfish fisheries (targeting toothfish, Dissostichus spp). The Benthic Impacts Camera System (BICS) is capable of withstanding depths to 2500m, has been successfully fitted to both longline and demersal trawl fishing gear, and is suitable for routine deployment by non-experts such as fisheries observers or crew. The system is entirely autonomous, robust, compact, easy to operate, and has minimal effect on the performance of the fishing gear it is attached to. To date, the system has successfully captured footage that demonstrates the interactions between demersal fishing gear and the benthos during routine commercial operations. It provides the first footage demonstrating the nature of the interaction between demersal longlines and benthic habitats in the Southern Ocean, as well as showing potential as a tool for rapidly assessing habitat types and presence of mobile biota such as krill (Euphausia superba).
In this paper a full recognition of the different materials and valuable metals constituting mobile phones was performed. To this aim, a sample of 20 end-of-life devices has been dismantled and quantitative and qualitative chemical composition of the individual components was determined. From dismantling operations, it was found that plastics, metals, electronic components, batteries and displays account for 33%, 11%, 23%, 24% and 9% respectively, as a weighted average. Plastic parts of each item were analyzed by spectroscopy and then classified according to the plastic polymer type; it was found that polymeric components of mobile phones were made of five polymers: acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate and silicone. Electronic parts were leached by a twofold aqua regia treatment and the metal composition was determined: 15 elements were identified with concentration >0.2%. On the basis of these results, some considerations about the recycling context of end-of-life mobile phones were performed.
There is an ever-increasing demand for the improvements in rechargeable Lithium secondary batteries owing to their high energy density, flexibility, cyclic stability and wide range of applications. Even though the science is often criticized for its slow progression, countless variations on the basic lithium chemistry are been investigated to address the safety and performance issues. The major components raising safety concerns are the volatile organic electrolytes and the dendrite forming Li metal electrodes. The present review covers the application of ionic liquid electrolytes in combination with the alloy anodes wherein these relatively advance Li ion battery components mutually benefits to overcome the existing issues related to cell efficiency as well as safety concerns. The essential understanding of lithiation/delithiation process as well as the SEI layer formation of alloy anodes in combination with Room temperature IL electrolytes is considered as an approach towards safer Li batteries.
Executive functions refer to high-level cognitive processes that, by operating on lower-level mental processes, flexibly regulate and control our thoughts and goal-directed behavior. Despite their crucial role, the study of the nature and organization of executive functions still faces inherent difficulties. Moreover, most executive function models put under test until now are brain-free models: they are defined and discussed without assumptions regarding the neural bases of executive functions. By using a latent variable approach, here we tested a brain-centered model of executive function organization proposing that two distinct domain-general executive functions, namely, criterion setting and monitoring, may be dissociable both functionally and anatomically, with a left versus right hemispheric preference of prefrontal cortex and related neural networks, respectively. To this end, we tested a sample of healthy participants on a battery of computerized tasks assessing criterion setting and monitoring processes and involving diverse task domains, including the verbal and visuospatial ones, which are well-known to be lateralized. By doing this, we were able to specifically assess the influence of these task domains on the organization of executive functions and to directly contrast a process-based model of EF organization versus both a purely domain-based model and a process-based, but domain-dependent one. The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed that a purely process-based model reliably provided a better fit to the observed data as compared to alternative models, supporting the specific theoretical model that fractionates a subset of executive functions into criterion setting and monitoring with hemispheric specializations emerging regardless of the task domain.
Cubic MnCO3@C composite was first synthesized using one-pot hydrothermal method. The prepared cubic MnCO3@C presented a homogeneous core-shell structure, which was composed of cubic MnCO3 as core, a mixture of amorphous carbon and MnCO3 as shell, and a separating interlayer. Compared to pure MnCO3, core-shell structured MnCO3@C exhibited better cycling stability, rate performance and recovery capability. It delivered a reversible capacity of 1020mAhg−1 which was 94.7% of the initial capacity, and a recovery capacity of 862mAhg−1 after 80 cycles under current density from 100mAg−1 to 10000mAg−1. The superior electrochemical performance of MnCO3@C could be attributed to the improved electronic conductivity and suppressed particle aggregation during the conversion reaction. Voltage profile and cyclic voltammetry test results showed active material transformation in both anode materials during the cycling process. Furthermore, the infrared spectra at different discharge/charge states showed that the conversion reactions of MnCO3 included not only the transition from MnCO3 to Mn, but also a further reaction from Li2CO3 to Li2O.
In this study, polyethylene separators were modified by dip coating of polyethylene (PE) separators in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PVDF-HFP/PEGDMA) mixtures at different humidity levels (0–50%), followed by electron beam irradiation. Micro-porous structures of the coating layer were generated by performing dip-coating process at high humidity levels (i.e. phase inversion process) and were found to be affected by the PEGDMA content and humidity level. The thermal shrinkage of the prepared separators significantly decreased with increasing EB absorption dose due to the formation of crosslinked networks of the PVDF-HFP/PEGDMA-coated PE separators. It was also observed that the separators prepared under high humidity condition showed a higher liquid electrolyte uptake and the ionic conductivity than the original PE separators.
A facile microwave hydrothermal route is employed to synthesized NH4V3O8 ultralong nanobelts without any surfactant. The prepared NH4V3O8 nanobelts have an average width of 40–60nm and a length of tens of micrometers growing along [001] direction. When used as cathode material for lithium ion battery, the NH4V3O8 nanobelts show high discharge capacity (337mAhg−1 at 15mAg−1), nice cycling stability (98% after 100 cycles) and good rate capability (279, 248, 220, and 192mAhg−1 at 60, 120, 240 and 300mAg−1, respectively). The good electrochemical property of the NH4V3O8 is attributed to its unique ultralong nanobelt structure with good structural stability.
Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP)-based polymer membranes filled with various contents of titania (TiO2) nanocrystalline particles are prepared by phase inversion technique and, along with conventional casting method for comparison. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent is used to dissolve the polymer and to make the slurry with TiO2. Cast film is obtained by spreading the slurry and evaporating NMP in a dry oven, while phase inversion membrane by promptly immersing the spread slurry into flowing water as a non-solvent. Physical and electrochemical characterizations, such as morphology, thermal and crystalline behavior, and other transport properties of lithium ionic species, are carried out for the polymer films/membranes and the polymer electrolytes with absorbing an electrolyte solution. Phase inversion polymer electrolytes are proved to show superior behaviors in electrochemical properties, such as ionic conductivity, electrochemical and interfacial stability, than cast film electrolytes. This is greatly owed to highly porous structure of phase inversion membranes. Even including the feature of interfacial resistance with lithium electrode, phase inversion polymer electrolytes of PVdF-HFP/(5–20wt.% TiO2) can be optimized as the adequate ones in applying to the electrolyte medium of lithium rechargeable batteries.