batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Central cholinergic dysfunction has been reported in patients with Parkinsonʼs disease (PD) and hallucinations by evaluating short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol which gives the possibility to test an inhibitory cholinergic circuit in the human brain. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was also found to be associated with cognitive impairment in PD patients. The objective of the study was to assess the cholinergic function, as measured by SAI, in PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD) and PD patients without RBD (PD-nRBD). We applied the SAI technique in 10 PD-RBD patients, in 13 PD-nRBD patients and in 15 age-matched normal controls. All PD patients and control subjects also underwent a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Mean SAI was significantly reduced in PD-RBD patients when compared with PD-nRBD patients and controls. Neuropsychological examination showed mild cognitive impairment in 9 out of the 10 PD-RBD patients, and in 5 out of the 13 PD-nRBD. SAI values correlated positively with neuropsychological tests measuring episodic verbal memory, executive functions, visuoconstructional and visuoperceptual abilities. Similar to that previously reported in the idiopathic form of RBD, SAI abnormalities suggest a cholinergic dysfunction in PD patients who develop cognitive impairment, and present findings indicate that RBD is an important determinant of MCI in PD.
LiCoO2 cathode material synthesized by a sol-gel method is modified by different contents of MgF2 via simple chemical deposition. The structure and morphology of pristine and MgF2-coated LiCoO2 are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It is found that the homogeneous MgF2 surface modification does not change the bulk structure of LiCoO2. The effects of MgF2 on the electrochemical behaviors of LiCoO2 are studied. Comparatively, 1wt.% MgF2-coated LiCoO2 exhibits the best electrochemical performances. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results confirm that MgF2 surface coating decreases the electrode polarization and improves the structural stability of LiCoO2 during cycling. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) for pristine and 1wt.% MgF2-coated LiCoO2 further demonstrates that modification layer suppresses the undesirable growth of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film, which greatly contributes to the improved electrochemical performances after surface modification. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests show that MgF2 coating also improves the thermal stability of LiCoO2 electrode.
With the aim of improving the rate capability and the safety of nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12-based high power lithium ion batteries, two high boiling point nitrile-based electrolytes namely, 3-ethoxypropionitrile (CH3CH2OCH2CH2CN, EPN)/1M LiTFSI and 3-(2,2,2-trifluoro)ethoxypropionitrile (CF3CH2OCH2CH2CN, FEPN)/1M LiTFSI, are investigated in this study. Both electrolytes demonstrated superior rate capability to that of EC+DMC-based electrolyte, owing to the fast interfacial charge transfer process of lithium insertion/extraction.
The paper deals with temperature changes of a lead acid battery cell during discharging and pulse charging in a flooded state. The effect of different settings of pulse charge on increase of the cell temperature was explored and compared to charging in a constant current mode. Various intervals of current charging and rest periods were compared during this study. It was found that the pulse charge leads both to reduction of the polarization resistance and to reduction of the temperature rise of the lead acid battery cells.
Our goal was to characterize the effects of intensive aphasia therapy on the N400, an electrophysiological index of lexical-semantic processing. Immediately before and after 4weeks of intensive speech-language therapy, people with aphasia performed a task in which they had to determine whether spoken words were a ‘match’ or a ‘mismatch’ to pictures of objects. Pre-therapy, people with aphasia exhibited an N400 mismatch effect that started over right hemisphere electrodes. Post-therapy, gains were seen in clinical measures of language ability, and the onset of the N400 was left-lateralized. No changes in the scalp distribution of the N400 were observed in healthy controls tested twice over the same 4week interval. Since the distribution of the N400 after aphasia therapy differed from that of healthy controls, we conclude that it reflects the engagement of compensatory neural mechanisms for language processing rather than a return to a “normal” pattern of brain activation.
Manganese oxide and carbon hybrid materials have attracted intensive research attention as advanced electrode materials for energy storage. Herein, starting form metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the nanocomposites of mixed-valent manganese oxide nanoparticles in-situ grown on ultrathin carbon sheets (MnO x -CSs nanocomposites) have been synthesized via a simple method. Benefiting from the unique structural merits, the nanocomposite obtained at 600°C (MnO x -CSs-600) exhibits excellent performance for both supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A high specific capacitance of 220Fg−1 is achieved at the current density of 1Ag−1. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on the MnO x -CSs-600 nanocomposite cathode and activated carbon anode exhibits a high energy density of 27.5Whkg−1 at the power density of 225Wkg−1. Moreover, the MnO x -CSs-600 nanocomposite displays a high reversible capacity of 1217.7mAhg−1 at 200mAg−1 after 160 cycles as an anode material for LIBs. Remarkably, the discharge capacity is still as high as 612.1mAhg−1 even at high current density of 2000mAg−1, indicating good rate capability. This synthetic strategy is quite simple, cost-effective and environmental friendly, which is highly promising for scaled-up production.
Long-life MnO-based anodes with high power density for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is still a great challenge due to the inferior electrical conductivity and drastic volume change of MnO during the lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, to achieve high rate capacity and long cycle life simultaneously, MnO nanoparticles were encapsulated within a foam-like carbon nanosheet matrix through a confined phase transition process. By annealing polydopamine (PDA) coated porous ZnMnO3 nanosheets in a reducing atmosphere, MnO nanoparticles and surrounding in-situ formed pores could be encapsulated in the PDA-derived carbon nanosheets synchronously, forming MnO@C nanosheets with ball-in-pore structure (MnO@C-BP). The internal voids originating from Zn evaporation can not only accommodate the huge volume expansion of MnO nanoparticles, but also significantly enlarge the specific surface area, leading to an enhanced pseudocapacitive Li-storage behavior. Moreover, the as-prepared sheet-shaped MnO@C-BP with thickness of about 30 nm can provide a short path for fast Li-ion diffusion, while the continuous carbon framework promotes the charge transfer between the encapsulated MnO nanoparticles. Because of these merits, MnO@C-BP electrode exhibits superior rate performance (514 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, 383 mAh g−1 at 15 A g−1), outstanding cycling performance (1212 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, capacity retention of 127%), as well as a high reversible capacity of 1178 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1.
The electrochemical stability of electrolytes at lithium, or lithium-intercalating anodes, is achieved via ionically conducting surface films termed as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Since the lithium deposition or intercalation process occurs on the electrode covered with the SEI, the characteristics of the SEI determine the kinetics of lithiation/delithiation, stability of the interface, and thus, the overall cell performance, especially at low temperatures. In this paper, we have reiterated the significance of the SEI characteristics over the solution properties, using a few illustrative examples from our research on low temperature Li ion battery electrolytes at JPL. The examples specifically include the beneficial aspects of a ternary carbonate mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) compared to the binary mixtures (of EC and either DMC or DEC) and quaternary solutions with appropriate co-solvents, such as alkyl esters.
Introduction: Schizophrenia patients, particularly those with specific types of hallucinations and delusions, may have a deficit in monitoring the generation of thought. This deficit, termed autonoetic agnosia, may result in the conclusion that self-generated thoughts come from an external source. Methods: This study assessed autonoetic agnosia in 29 schizophrenic patients and 19 controls by applying a recently developed technique from cognitive science: multinomial modeling of source-monitoring data. Results: Schizophrenic patients demonstrated deficits in monitoring the source of self-generated information, yet performed similarly to controls in monitoring the source of visual and auditory information. Schizophrenic patients with specific “target” symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and thought insertion had greater deficits than other patients in recognizing self-generated information. Conclusion: This study offers partial support for the notion that schizophrenic patients manifest autonoetic agnosia.
The composite cathode materials consisting of spinel-structure Li1.05Ni0.1Mn1.9O3.98F0.02 and nano-sized solid electrolyte Li–La–Ti–O (LLTO) coating were synthesized by the molten salt method and sol–gel coating process. Our results showed that Ni–F co-doping, recrystallization and LLTO coating can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode materials at elevated temperature and large rates. The doping and recrystallization can improve the stability of spinel grain structure and solid electrolyte LLTO coating can effectively suppresses HF-induced Mn2+ dissolution and maintains the structural integrity during cycling. At room temperature and low rates, the doping and recrystallization play dominant roles, at elevated temperature and large rates, the protective role of solid electrolyte coating is prominent.
Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathode material for lithium ion batteries was prepared by mixing metal hydroxide, (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(OH)2, with 6% excess LiOH followed by calcinations. The (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(OH)2 with secondary particle of about 12μm was prepared by hydroxide co-precipitation. The tap density of the obtained Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 powder was 2.56±0.21gcm−3. The powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution (PSD) and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling. The XRD pattern of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 revealed a well ordered hexagonal layered structure with low cation mixing. Secondary particles with size of 13–14μm and primary particles with size of about 1μm can be identified from the SEM observations. In the voltage range of 2.8–4.3V, the initial discharge capacity of the Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 electrode was 166.6mAhg−1, and 96.5% of the initial capacity was retained after 50 charge–discharge cycling.
In this article the energy and efficiency losses during cyclic operation of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are studied. A theoretical model, based on the equation system of fluid dynamics, including convective and diffusive transfer of species in electrolytes, and electrochemical interaction of ions, is developed. The reaction rates are calculated on the basis of the Butler–Volmer equation. The electric field distributions in half-cells are found by solving of the equation system, which is obtained by Ohm’s law. A test battery was constructed. The parameters of the battery – voltage, current, power, energy and capacity during cyclic operation are measured and calculated. The numerical model was validated with the experimental data. The results of the calculation and of the measurement agree within ± 2 % , which corresponds to the measurement accuracy. The decreasing of the energy efficiency during cyclic operation of the battery is observed and simulated. It was found that the capacity decrease is caused mainly by the imbalance of the positive and the negative electrolytes. The increasing of the internal resistance depends on the passivation of the negative collector surface. An in situ regeneration of the energy efficiency, based on an inverse electric potential in the negative half-cells during the cyclic operation, was developed. The reduction of the internal resistance approximately of 2.4 times was measured after the reactivation of the negative collector surface.
We investigated the use of polymerized vinylene carbonate (polyVC) as a binder for graphite anodes in lithium-ion cells. It functions not only of a traditional binder, but also plays an important role in surface stabilization of graphite in propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes. In an electrolyte with PC content as high as 30 wt%, the polyVC binder enhanced battery performance, with a reversible capacity of ∼170 mAh g−1 at a delithiation rate of 1 C, whereas a comparable graphite cell fabricated with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder failed to cycle.
This study aims to supply electricity energy via a hybrid PV(photovoltaic)-Diesel-Battery for a summer house which is located remotely from the grid connection in Kilis province of southern Turkey (Latitude: 36° 43', Longitude: 37° 07', Altitude: 664m). Summer houses are widespread in this area, and it is impossible for these buildings to benefit from grid connection. Optimal sizing of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems prove to be very economical as an energy source for these houses. The optimization demonstrated that the lowest investment cost was 12,400 Turkish liras, and renewable energy part of the proposed system was calculated as 79%. In this respect, the system was optimally sized with a PV of 3kW, a diesel generator of 1kW, a converter of 2kW and 6 units of battery. PV panels and diesel generator generate 4248 and 773kWh/year, respectively, which amounts to 5021kWh/year. This is a Hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery system. It consists of renewable (PV System) and non-renewable (Diesel Generator) energy sources. Therefore, this paper focuses on optimal sizing of the proposed system. Total annual energy demand is 2353.8kWh/year, and the remaining amount is stored in the batteries. Total renewable production divided by load, total renewable production divided by generation, and renewable energy part of the proposed system are 116.38%, 84.6%, and %79, respectively. In addition to its cost effective energy supply, the system is also environment-friendly. Hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery system prevented 44.024 tCO2, 123.39kg of CO, 13.471kg of UHCs, 9.16kg of PM, 90.52kg of SO2 and 1100.33kg of NOx. This study can also be adapted for other cities and regions.
Nanodispersed aggregates of MnO2 were prepared in the aqueous core of the H2O/Aerosol OT (AOT)/heptane reverse micelle using the comproportionation reaction between MnO 4 - and Mn2+ ions. The formed nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electro-oxidation of dextrose and fructose on platinum modified by reverse micellar MnO2 deposits was studied. The oxidation of fructose was found to be much more facile than dextrose oxidation. There was a linear correlation between the steady state oxidation currents and the carbohydrate concentrations, which was shown to be useful for analytical application. The sensitivity for fructose detection was found to be about seven times higher than that of dextrose. The scope of developing an electroanalytical method for estimation of dextrose and fructose individually in their mixture was explored.
In this paper, a sustainable process to recover valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in sulfuric acid using ammonium chloride as reductant was proposed and studied. Being easily reused, ammonium chloride is found to be efficient and posing minor environmental impacts during the overall process. By investigating the effects of a wide range of parameters, e.g., H2SO4 concentration, NH4Cl concentration, temperature, leaching time, and solid-to-liquid mass ratio, the leaching behaviour of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn was systematically investigated. And the leaching mechanism and kinetics were determined by mineralogically characterization of residues at various reaction times and by fitting using different kinetic models. With this research, it is possible to provide a win-win solution to improve the recycling effectiveness of spent LIBs by using waste salt that is easily reused as the reductant.
For sodium-ion battery, cathode properties of disodium rhodizonate, Na2C6O6, were investigated. Unlike other organic active materials, Na2C6O6 exhibited good rechargeable capacity about 270mAhg−1, corresponding to more than 2 Na insertion per molecule between 1.0 and 2.9V with using 1M NaClO4/PC as electrolyte. Na2C6O6 could also show the rechargeable capacity more than 90mAhg−1 even in acetylene black free pellets. The good cyclability was also confirmed in Na-ion cells with Na-predoped hard carbon anodes.
In this work, commercial LiCoO2 is modified with a glassy B2O3 by solution mixing with H3BO3 followed by post-calcination in order to enhance its high-voltage electrochemical performance. The glassy B2O3 coating/additive is believed to serve as an effective physiochemical buffer and protection between LiCoO2 and liquid electrolyte, which can suppress the high-voltage induced electrolyte decomposition and active material dissolution. During the early cycling and due to the electrochemical force, the as-coated B2O3 glasses which have 3D open frameworks tend to accommodate some mobile Li+ and form a more chemically-resistant and ion-conductive lithium boron oxide (LBO) interphase as a major component of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which consequently enables much easier Li+ diffusion/transfer at the solid-liquid interfaces upon further cycling. Due to the synergetic effects of B2O3 coating/modification, the high-voltage capacity and energy density of the B2O3-modified LiCoO2 cathode are promisingly improved by 35% and 30% after 100 cycles at 1 C within 3.0–4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. Meanwhile, the high-rate performance of the B2O3-modified electrode is even more greatly improved, showing a capacity of 105 mAh g−1 at 10 C while the bare electrode has dropped to no more than 30 mAh g−1 under this rate condition.
The passivation issue of Fe2O3 electrode has triggered off their low practical capacity, poor rate capability and cycling performance and thus limited their practical application as anodes for alkaline Ni-Fe batteries. This paper proposes a dual modification of Fe2O3 by in-situ sulfurization and post carbon coating. Fe2O3-S nanorod arrays with a uniform sulfurization layer coated on Fe2O3 core were firstly fabricated by in-situ sulfurization of Fe2O3 nanorod arrays grown on Ti foil. After coating carbon on the Fe2O3-S arrays by PECVD process, Fe2O3-S@C were obtained. Electrochemical tests in alkaline electrolyte in the potential window of −1.2∼0 V show that the Fe2O3-S@C exhibited dramatically improved discharge capacity (60.5 times compared to Fe2O3), cycling stability (92.2% for Fe2O3-S@C and only 7.9% for Fe2O3-S after 100 cycles) and excellent rate capability, owing to the co-contribution of the sulfurization layer and carbon layer. Furthermore, a Ni-Fe cell is assembled by pairing with a Ni2S3 cathode, and delivers high energy/power density (45.64 Wh/kg at 1.3 kW/kg and 27.14 Wh/kg at 10.3 kW/kg).
With a much higher theoretical capacity than that of graphite anodes, SnO2 has attained great attention as a potential anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, it's practical application yet be impeded by such disadvantages of poor conductivity and terrible structure stability during repeated discharge/charge process. Herein, a unique TiO2/SnO2/C hybrid (TiO2 SS@SnO2@C) consist of one-dimensional TiO2 nanobelts, zero-dimensional SnO2 nanoparticles and conformal carbon coating has been fabricated based on a strategy of synergistic effect of components with different dimensional nanostructures, which can provide improved electrochemical kinetic and outstanding structure stability for the TiO2 SS@SnO2@C. As a result, the TiO2 SS@SnO2@C is able to exhibit outstanding lithium storage performance as an anode material, delivering capacities of 904.9 and 492.4 mAhh g−1 after even 400 cycles at 200 and even 1000 mA g−1, respectively. It is demonstrated that the synergistic effect of these components is responsible for thus outstanding electrochemical performance.
To determine whether a new, simple, quick measure, the Repeat and Point test, reliably differentiates between semantic dementia (SD) and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA). Fifteen patients with SD, six patients with PNFA and 18 healthy controls were administered the Repeat and Point test. Participants were required to repeat 10 multi-syllabic concrete nouns and, following each repetition, to point to the word's pictorial referent amongst an array of six semantically and perceptually similar foils. Patients with SD were consistently impaired relative to PNFA patients and controls on the comprehension (pointing) component of the task, whereas patients with PNFA showed no significant deficit on pointing but were impaired at the production (repeating) component. Discriminant function analysis confirmed perfect classification of the individual patients into their respective groups: criteria involving a ratio of the two scores are provided. The Repeat and Point test is particularly appropriate for routine use in a clinical context: it is quick and easy to administer and score; it reliably discriminated between the two patient groups, SD and PNFA; and it offers a simple rule of thumb, i.e., the Repeat-to-Point ratio, to aid in the diagnosis of these two language variants of frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7Ce0.3Ni4.2Mn0.9−x Cu0.37(Fe0.43B0.57) x (x = 0–0.20) hydrogen storage alloys are investigated. X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron results indicate that the pristine alloy is single LaNi5 phase while the alloys containing Fe0.43B0.57 consist of LaNi5 matrix phase and La3Ni13B2 secondary phase. The relative abundance of La3Ni13B2 phase increases with the increase in x value. The a and V of LaNi5 phase increase with increasing x value. Activation property of the alloy electrodes is improved by substituting Mn with Fe0.43B0.57. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes monotonically decreases from 323.3 mAh g−1 (x = 0) to 311.3 mAh g−1 (x = 0.20). Cycling capacity retention rate at the 100th cycle decreases from 79.3% (x = 0) to 68.2% (x = 0.20) with increasing x value, which is ascribed to the degradation of corrosion resistance. High-rate dischargeability of the alloy electrodes first increases with increasing x from 0 to 0.10, and then decreases until x increases to 0.20. It demonstrates that the substitution of Mn with Fe0.43B0.57 is an effective approach to improve the overall electrochemical performances of the Co-free high-Mn alloy electrodes.