batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Anosognosia is a common, fascinating, and ill-understood disorder following brain damage, where patients who suffer severe deficits such as hemiplegia may remain unaware of and deny their handicap. Many studies including recent work published in this journal have attempted to determine the neurological, cognitive, and motivational bases of anosognosia. These studies have typically focused on descriptive correlations between anosognosia and various clinical factors, but did not identify a consistent pattern of brain lesion or dysfunction. Rather, the results have emphasized the complex and multifacet nature of anosognosia. This review discusses the implications of existing results, and proposes a general “ABC” framework for anosognosia where various problems in Appreciation, Belief, and Check operations may contribute to abnormal cognitive and affective appraisal of a deficit. New experimental approaches and new therapeutic tools are needed to better understand the neurocognitive mechanisms responsible for our awareness of normal functioning and failures.
For vehicle electrification, one of the biggest issues for lithium ion batteries is cycle life. Within this context, the mechanisms at the source of capacity degradation during cycling are not yet to be fully understood. In this work, we use state-of-the-art FIB-SEM serial sectioning and imaging techniques to determine the effect of cycling on lithium-ion battery cathodes. The three-dimensional (3D) microstructural study was performed on both pristine and cycled LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) and Li(Li0.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13)O2 (HE-NMC) cathodes. The spatial distribution of active material, carbon-doped binder and pore spaces were successfully reconstructed by appropriate image processing. Comparisons of NMC and HE-NMC cathodes after different number of cycles showed only minor increases in the number of smaller active particles, possibly negligible, considering the intrinsic microstructure variation within the cathodes. However, the connectivity between carbon-doped binder additives and active particles in NMC and HE-NMC cathodes, assessed using a “neighbor counting” method, showed an appreciable decrease after cycling which indicates a detachment of carbon-doped binder from active particles. This significant cycling-induced detachment effect between the two phases (e.g., ∼22% for HE-NMC) could indicate a loss in electrical connectivity, which may partially explain the capacity fade in the cells.
Activeion Cleaning Solutions LLC of Rogers, Minnesota, USA, has launched its first commercial cleaning product – the Activeion Pro – marking an award-winning technology which ‘transforms’ tap water into a powerful cleaner, available in a spray bottle.
In this paper, a reliable numerical scheme, the q-fractional homotopy analysis transform method (q-FHATM), is proposed to examine the Helmholtz equation of fractional order arising in seismic wave propagation, imaging and inversion. Sufficient conditions for its convergence and error estimates are established. The q-FHATM provides a solution in a rapidly convergent series. Results for different fractional values of space derivatives are compared with the existing methods and discussed with the help of figures. A proper selection of parameters yields approximations identical to the exact solution. Parameter
The neural mechanisms facilitating the experience of vicarious social touch are largely unknown. The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) has been suggested as part of a simulation observation-execution neural network that plays a key role in the perception of tactile stimuli. Considering that vicarious social touch involves vicarious sharing of emotions, we hypothesized that emotional empathy, i.e., the ability to feel what another individual is feeling, modulates the neural responses to vicarious touch. To examine the role of the rIFG in vicarious touch and its modulation by levels of emotional empathy, we used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on forty participants who observed photos depicting social touch, nonsocial touch or no touch during tDCS or sham stimulation. The results show that while participants with high levels of emotional empathy exhibited no change in ratings of vicarious social touch, participants with low levels of emotional empathy rate human touch as more emotional following anodal stimulation of the rIFG than following sham stimulation. These findings indicate that emotional responses to vicarious social touch are associated with rIFG activity and are modulated by levels of emotional empathy. This result has major therapeutic potential for individuals with low empathic abilities, such as those with ASD.
The rapid economic development and population growth in Macao have resulted in a large increase in refuse generated over the past decade. In 2003, the quantity of solid waste generated reached 249,255tons, corresponding to 1.52kg/day per capita. This figure has been gradually increasing. Domestic solid waste is the primary source of solid waste generation. The data showed that a considerable amount of the solid waste generated can be recycled and reutilized. Due to Macao’s small geographic area and high cost of land, landfilling has the lowest priority for waste disposal. Solid waste incineration has been given a top priority over other waste disposal methods although it is much more expensive. In the last decade, more than 80% of the total waste in Macao was incinerated. However, the incineration capacity of the Macao Incineration Plant is going to reach its saturation earlier than expected. Waste minimization, the establishment of an effective waste collection and disposal fee system, and alternate ways dealing with the limited capacity of waste treatment facilities are regarded to be major challenges in the future.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of chronic arthritis that occurs in susceptible subjects and may be related to environmental triggers. In this regard, air pollution could be a potential contributor to autoimmune diseases onset and flare, as it has been recently reported by our group in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis patients, and was rarely studied in JIA population.
A particle filter (PF) is shown to be more accurate than non-linear least squares (NLLS) and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) and time until end of discharge voltage (EODV) of a Lithium-ion battery. The three algorithms, i.e. PF, UKF, and NLLS track four states with correct initial estimates of the states and 5% variation on the initial state estimates. The four states are data-driven, equivalent circuit properties or Lithium concentrations and electroactive surface areas depending on the model. The more accurate prediction performance of PF over NLLS and UKF is reported for three Lithium-ion battery models: a data-driven empirical model, an equivalent circuit model, and a physics-based single particle model.
The demand for portable electronic devices is driving the development of flexible supercapacitor, while current devices still need to improve the performance for practical applications. Here, we report a cost-efficient flexible three-dimensional-Ni (3D-Ni) electrode for a flexible supercapacitor with excellent energy density and power density. The meso-porous 3D-Ni electrode provides a large number of active sites to store charges and good accessibility to the ions in polymer electrolytes, leading to excellent capacitance, high energy density, as well as high power density. The Ni(OH)2/3D-Ni positive electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of ~3400F/g at 10A/g and retained 80% of the initial capacitance at 200A/g. The negative MnO2/3D-Ni electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 1250F/g at 10A/g and excellent capacitance retention of 82% at 200A/g. The Ni(OH)2/3D-Ni//MnO2/3D-Ni hybrid supercapacitor delivered an excellent energy density of 75Wh/kg and a high power density of 5.3kW/kg, and these values did not change under bending conditions. The 3D-Ni electrode introduced here represents a new type of ideal electrode that can be easily applied to various flexible/wearable electronic device with excellent performance.
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats is the most commonly used stroke model. Besides the infarct size, assessment of sensorimotor performance has become increasingly important in neuroprotective drug research. However, contradictions exist about procedures for testing functional outcome following MCAO. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a relatively simple set of neurological tests based on the most commonly used scoring systems, and to describe the functional recovery and correlation with the infarct size in rats sacrificed 2 or 14 days after permanent or transient MCAO. The smaller infarct size of rats with transient occlusion was reflected in the neurological scores only during the first 6h. By day 14, no recovery occurred in postural signs, lateral resistance and spontaneous activity, other signs showed different degrees of recovery. Correlation with the infarct size was found only on certain days in gait disturbance, placing reactions, daily body weight and spontaneous activity. According to our observations, the most commonly used sensorimotor tests provide a useful initial screening of functional deficits, but these tests most probably measure deficits caused by infarction of the core area. It is suggested that these tests should be completed by more refined tests when testing a neuroprotective drug which reduces the infarct size in penumbral areas.
Methods for characterizing and optimizing the internal resistance of electrodes are crucial for achieving the simultaneous goals of high energy density and high power density in lithium-ion batteries. In this study we propose—and confirm the efficacy of—a method for electrode design optimization based on the construction of an internal resistance map, a visualization tool for minimizing electrode resistance. The construction of the map proceeds by identifying the three primary components of the electrode resistance—charge-transfer resistance, ionic resistance, and contact resistance—and elucidating the dependence of each component on electrode density and thickness. We fabricate electrode sheets of various densities and thicknesses and conduct electrode impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to measure the dependence of internal resistance on density and thickness, which we characterize via empirical formulas incorporated into our internal resistance map. Using our map, we predict that the resistance per unit area of a nickel-cobalt- manganese (NCM) electrode attains its minimum value at thickness 70 μm and density 2.9 g cm−3. We then further use the map to predict variations in IR drop for NCM electrodes of different densities, obtaining results in excellent agreement with experimental measurements.
Sequential series multijunction dye-sensitized solar cells (SSM-DSCs), which are mechanically stacked single illuminated area DSC devices wired in series, are reported to have exceptionally high photovoltages (Voc) ranging from 1.9–4.7 V from 2–5 stacked subcells. The use of multiple photoactive films under one area within the SSM-DSC framework is made possible by fine-tuning the thickness of TiO2 in each device and by judicious dye selection to allow for excellent light distribution among the films, termed as “photon management”. The SSM-DSC approach allows for incorporation of materials designed to use the maximal potential energy of photons in each region of the solar spectrum. Importantly, SSM-DSCs were observed to maintain high Voc under low-light conditions, rendering these systems very attractive for indoor applications. Additionally, an SSM-DSC was found to have a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 2% (2.7% including H2 production) for the reduction of CO2 to CO with IrO2 and Au2O3 electrocatalysts, without an external bias.
Objective In the current literature, whether patients with mild mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mMTLE) have typical neurocognitive profile similar to patients with treatment-refractory seizures still remains unknown. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the neuropsychological profile in a group of consecutive patients with mMTLE. Methods Forty consecutive patients whose conditions were diagnosed with mMTLE and 30 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated with an extensive neuropsychological battery. In addition, self-report questionnaires were also administered to evaluate the subjective impairments in prospective and retrospective memories. Finally, the levels of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory — Form Y1 (STAI-YI e 2). Results Patients with mMTLE patients showed higher BDI-II scores (15.9 ± 13.9 vs 7.2 ± 6.7; p =, 002), and higher STAI-Y1 (41.2 ± 14.6 vs 32.6 ± 9.8; p =, 005) together with both objective and subjective memory deficits. Although BDI-II and STAI scores strongly correlated to the outcome in Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ) (p < 0.0021), these results did not change without depression scores. Conclusion We showed that a specific neurocognitive profile in patients with mMTLE exists. The neuropsychological features are mood depression, verbal memory immediate and delayed deficits, and subjective prospective and retrospective memory deficits.
In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.
The leading materials conference and exposition for aerospace materials engineers, structural engineers, and designers, AeroMat brings together hundreds of delegates and exhibiting companies to discuss and display the latest advances in materials and processes for aerospace applications. AeroMat 2011 will take place in a city that is home to aerospace industry giants, boasting an aerospace industrial base that includes the largest precision machining and metalworking capability in the nation. AeroMat 2011 promises a focus on the challenges in designing, manufacturing, and applying advanced materials for the future.
This study addresses the problem of wasted transportation capacity in Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) systems. We propose a two-tier transportation model that integrates PRT and capillary transportation systems. We study a related multi-objective empty vehicle redistribution problem that attempts to minimize empty movement and the number of vehicles used. Furthermore, we design a hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm that integrates multiple crossover operators and linear programming techniques to solve the proposed problem. Evaluations indicate that our algorithm produces satisfactory results, and simulations confirm the efficiency of our proposed two-tier transportation system.
Managing a medication regimen is a complex self-care activity that requires a high level of integration and coordination between cognitive and physical skills. This scoping review aims to identify available instruments designed to assess an adult individual’s ability to manage a medication regimen independently and to identify reliable and valid tools to be used in clinical practice and research.
The possibilities of achieving reductions in overpotentials and improvements in mechanical integrity, upon electrochemical Li-alloying/dealloying, by inducing pre-cycling tensile residual stress via facile annealing treatment have been demonstrated in this work. Monitoring of the stress developments in-situ during galvanostatic lithiation/delithiation of Al film electrodes indicated that the mechanical degradations occurred primarily during potential plateaus corresponding to the Al ↔ AlLi first-order phase transformations. Such degradations tended to get suppressed, as did the overpotentials needed to drive the electrochemical Li-alloying/dealloying (including initiation of the phase transformation), in the presence of the tensile residual stress. The improved mechanical integrity agreed with features observed in the stress profiles recorded in real-time during galvanostatic cycling. The magnitudes for the reductions in the overpotentials agreed with theoretical estimation based on the incremental residual stress. This exploratory idea related to engineering of residual stress to improve various electrochemical performances may be applicable also to other ‘alloying reaction’ based electrode materials.
Critically low skeletal muscle mass and strength, observed in 20% of people with chronic heart failure (CHF), reduces functional capacity, quality of life (QoL) and survival. Protein and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation could be a viable treatment strategy to prevent declines in muscle strength and performance, and subsequently improve QoL and survival. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42018103649) aimed to assess the effect of dietary protein and/or EAA supplementation on muscle strength and performance in people with CHF.
The objective of the study was to further elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying left hemiparalexia induced by a splenium lesion in corpus callosum. A patient KY, who had infarctions in the splenium and the left ventral medial occipitotemporal area, was examined with neuropsychological tests and fMRI. KY presented left hemiparalexia when he read aloud characters presented in central foveal field tachistoscopically as well as in free-view field. KY also showed left hemialexia for characters in left visual field, while no left hemiparalexia occurred when characters were presented in the right visual field. KY performed poorly in lexical decision tasks. He could judge the directions of Landolt’s rings gaps in the left or right visual field equally. The result of fMRI indicated that characters in the left visual field could not activate the visual word form area (VWFA), such as left mid-fusiform cortex. All the above neuropsychological and fMRI findings have provided evidences against the assumption of left hemineglect dyslexia. Instead, they support the mechanism of disconnection of visual word form processing pathway. In conclusion, the evidences suggested that the visual information transmission of characters in the left visual field from right occipital area to the VWFA in the left hemisphere was interrupted by the splenium lesion.
This paper proposes a decentralized charging control strategy for a large population of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to neutralize wind power fluctuations so as to improve the regulation of system frequency. Without relying on a central control entity, each PEV autonomously adjusts its charging or discharging power in response to a communal virtual price signal and based on its own urgency level of charging. Simulation results show that under the proposed charging control, the aggregate PEV power can effectively neutralize wind power fluctuations in real-time while differential allocation of neutralization duties among the PEVs can be realized to meet the PEV users' charging requirements. Also, harmful wind-induced cyclic operations in thermal units can be mitigated. As shown in economic analysis, the proposed strategy can create cost saving opportunities for both PEV users and utility.
This paper describes the design, realisation and test of a power unit based on a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, operating at room temperature, for portable application. The device is composed of an home made air breathing fuel cell stack, a metal hydride tank for H2 supply, a dc–dc converter for power output control and a fan for stack cooling. The stack is composed by 10 cells with an active surface of 25cm2 and produces a rated power of 15W at 6V and 2A. The stack successfully runs with end-off fed hydrogen without appreciable performance degradation during the time. The final assembled system is able to generate 12W at 9.5V, and power a portable DVD player for 3h in continuous. The power unit has collected about 100h of operation without maintenance.
In this study MnO2 nanorodes (MNR) were fabricated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets using a facile hydrothermal synthesis route. As prepared binder free MNR-rGO electrodes exhibited promising electrochemical performance. A similar approach was employed to prepare V2O5 nanowire (VNW) on rGO electrodes as anodes for supercapacitor applications. The VNW-rGO anode and MNR-rGO cathode were combined to form a novel hybrid supercapacitor. The hybrid supercapacitor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance reflecting the synergistic effect of combining the MNR-rGO electrode and VNW-rGO electrode. This novel hybrid supercapacitor delivered an energy density of ~15Wh/kg with a specific capacitance of 36.9F/g. These results suggest that the binder free flexible MNR-rGO electrode is a promising cathode material for asymmetric supercapacitors and also for hybrid devices, which incorporate metal oxide anodes.
Three pesticides have been studied for their genotoxicity by the use of assays in the plant Crepis capillaris, aimed at measuring chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromosome exchange (SCE). The fungicides Rubigan 12 EC (fenarimol) and Rovral 25 Flo (iprodione) and the insecticide Omite 57 E (propargite) are all widely used nowadays. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of these pesticides at concentrations corresponding to those applied in agricultural practice. In preliminary experiments we found that these concentrations do not influence cell proliferation and do not inhibit the growth of root meristems. In all experiments formulated commercial products were used. From the results we conclude that the three pesticides did not induce chromosomal aberrations as estimated by metaphase and anaphase analyses. They were also not capable to induce SCE. Rubigan did not induce micronucleus formation even at the highest concentration tested, but Omite and Rovral markedly increased micronucleus formation. The MN response depended on the sampling time and the concentration used, which showed a significant dose–response correlation (r =0.978, P <0.01 and r =0.941, P <0.01, respectively). A greater increase in micronucleus frequency was observed after Rovral treatment, where the highest concentration gave a response 8–10-fold above the negative control. Both pesticides induced high frequencies of lagging chromosomes, even after exposure to the lower test concentrations. The presence of lagging chromosomes is an indication of anti-microtubule activity of the pesticides tested. This effect was more strongly expressed after exposure to the two higher concentrations of Omite and Rovral. In this case a complete destruction of the mitotic spindle was observed, resulting in C-mitoses as well as in numerical aberrations—polyploidy and aneuploidy. The present findings suggest that Omite and Rovral at concentrations comparable to those used in practice can be regarded as potential aneugens.