batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Two mono-chelate borate complexes, lithium mono-salicylatoborate and sodium mono-glucuronatoborate, are reported for the first time. The complexes were isolated from aqueous solutions and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and 13C MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) NMR techniques. Thermal stabilities of the complexes were examined by recording their TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) curves. Lithium mono-salicylatoborate, Li[B(Sal)(OH)2], was isolated in crystal form and presented as a novel hybrid metal–organic framework possessing zeolitic structure. X-ray analysis revealed an original crystal structure constructed with solvate-free lithium ions adopting two different types of coordination polyhedra, corner-sharing LiO4 (tetrahedral) and LiO5 (distorted square pyramidal), in the same framework.
ABSTRACT Significant progress has been made in waste minimization and pollution prevention in textile manufacturing processes. Because most carpets and textiles are for replacement, recycling post-consumer fibrous waste should be an integral part of sustainability for textile products. Currently in the United States alone, over 2 million tons of post-consumer carpet waste is discarded into landfills each year, and the amount is expected to increase to over 3 million tons by 2012. Very little post-consumer carpet at present is recycled. To establish a sustainable commercial network to recycle fibrous waste, operations based on different technologies must coexist such that different types of materials collected can be recycled to the greatest extent. This paper reviews technologies for carpet waste recycling.
The attention towards robot-assisted therapies (RAT) had grown steadily in recent years particularly for patients with dementia. However, rehabilitation practice using humanoid robots for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is still a novel method for which the adherence mechanisms, indications and outcomes remain unclear. An effective computing represents a wide range of technological opportunities towards the employment of emotions to improve human-computer interaction. Therefore, the present study addresses the effectiveness of a system in automatically decode facial expression from video-recorded sessions of a robot-assisted memory training lasted two months involving twenty-one participants. We explored the robot’s potential to engage participants in the intervention and its effects on their emotional state. Our analysis revealed that the system is able to recognize facial expressions from robot-assisted group therapy sessions handling partially occluded faces. Results indicated reliable facial expressiveness recognition for the proposed software adding new evidence base to factors involved in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The use of a humanoid robot as a mediating tool appeared to promote the engagement of participants in the training program. Our findings showed positive emotional responses for females. Tasks affects differentially affective involvement. Further studies should investigate the training components and robot responsiveness.
Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of some historical as well as contemporary, neo-psychodynamic theories of self-injurious behavior, though none of them were developed explicitly with the intellectually disabled population in mind. The chapter also presents several models to explain the self injurious behavior, such as psychodynamic models and gene-brain-behavior model, and the risk factors associated with the self injurious behavior, including genetic risk factors, neurological risk factors, mental health risk factors, genetic risk factors, and perinatal risk factors and stress. Insecure attachment can lead to negative self-expectations and pessimistic expectations of others, and of the relationships one can have with others and may set the stage for a later development of self-injurious behavior. Students with self-injurious behavior reported significantly more anxiety, intropunitive hostility, and extra-punitive hostility than the control group, while people who engage in self-injurious behaviors have an unstable self and a disturbed regulation of self-esteem. Neuroscience, genetics, and psychopharmacology are concerned with the biological components of the behavior; however, when all of the known facts about a given aspect of self-injurious behavior are in accordance across the molecular and molar levels, confidence in its validity is increased.
Background and purpose Individuals with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB) commonly report symptoms of depression; however, the percentage of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who experience OSDB is less clear. This study aimed to examine OSDB in a sample of individuals with MDD, unselected for sleep-related complaints, along a continuum of ventilatory and hypoxic abnormalities. Patients and methods The overnight sleep-related breathing of 19 individuals with MDD and 15 non-depressed controls was recorded using an unattended nasal pressure-based home sleep monitoring device. The device recorded nasal airflow, breathing effort, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body position. Results The two groups varied significantly on three sleep-related breathing variables: major flow-limitation events, major flow-limitation events accompanied by a desaturation, and average saturation throughout the evening; and these groups approached significance on minor flow-limitation events accompanied by a desaturation and average number of desaturations throughout the evening. Sleep-related breathing variables predicted accurate grouping in 81.3% of those with MDD and 80.6% of the non-depressed participants. Conclusions These results suggest that OSDB may play a more important role in MDD than previously recognized. OSDB may contribute to or exacerbate the condition of someone predisposed to MDD, and the treatment of OSDB may ameliorate or possibly prevent depressive symptoms.
The personalized content services in museums are motivated by the need to enhance the visitors’ experience through recommendations which consider the context of their visit, and by the need of curators to measure objectively the exhibition’s impact. We survey the latest advancements in the fields of indoor localization, visitor profiling, content storage and presentation, as well as curator visualization tools, which are the main elements of such systems, and we highlight their strengths and weaknesses. We present an information architecture, which may offer useful insights to researchers and developers. Finally, we present the current challenges and the future trends.
This paper details the enhancements in the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of a low-temperature screen-printable piezoelectric nano-composite film on flexible plastic and textile substrates. These enhancements involved adding silver nano particles to the nano-composite material and using an additional cold isostatic pressing (CIP) post-processing procedure. These developments have resulted in a 18% increase in the free-standing piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 to a value of 98 pC/N. The increase in the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric film has, however, resulted in a decrease in the peak output voltage of the composite film. The potential for this material to be used to harvest mechanical energy from a variety of textiles under compressive and bending forces has been evaluated theoretically and experimentally. The maximum energy density of the enhanced piezoelectric material under 800N compressive force was found to be 34J/m3 on a Kermel textile. The maximum energy density of the enhanced piezoelectric material under bending was found to be 14.3J/m3 on a cotton textile. These results agree very favourably with the theoretical predictions. For a 10x10cm piezoelectric element 100µm thick this equates to 38μJ and 14.3μJ of energy generated per mechanical action respectively which is a potentially useful amount of energy.
A novel electroactive monomer 5,8-di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline (PTQ) was successfully synthesized and its electrochromic properties were reported. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR–13C NMR) and mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the monomer. The monomer was electrochemically polymerized in the presence of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as supporting electrolyte in dichloromethane. Monomer reveals relatively low oxidation potential at +0.70V. Spectroelectrochemical behaviors and switching ability of homopolymer were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Two π–π* transitions were observed at 400 and 815nm with a low band gap, 1.0eV. Polymer possesses 66% optical contrast in the Near IR region, which may be promising in NIR electrochromic device applications.
Although it is often assumed that abilities that reflect basic numerical understanding, such as numerical comparison, are related to children’s mathematical abilities, this relationship has not been tested rigorously. In addition, the extent to which symbolic and nonsymbolic number processing play differential roles in this relationship is not yet understood. To address these questions, we collected mathematics achievement measures from 6- to 8-year-olds as well as reaction times from a numerical comparison task. Using the reaction times, we calculated the size of the numerical distance effect exhibited by each child. In a correlational analysis, we found that the individual differences in the distance effect were related to mathematics achievement but not to reading achievement. This relationship was found to be specific to symbolic numerical comparison. Implications for the role of basic numerical competency and the role of accessing numerical magnitude information from Arabic numerals for the development of mathematical skills and their impairment are discussed.
The Prolo Scale (PS) is a widely accepted assessment tool for lumbar spinal surgery results. Nevertheless, in the literature there is a dearth of consensus about its application, interpretation and accuracy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the evolution of the PS from its introduction in 1986 to the present, including an analysis of different versions of the scale and research on the existing studies investigating its psychometric properties.
The advent of hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has created a demand for more precise battery pack management systems (BMS). Among methods used to design various components of a BMS, such as state-of-charge (SoC) estimators, model based approaches offer a good balance between accuracy, calibration effort and implementability. Because models used for these approaches are typically low in order and complexity, the traditional approach is to identify linear (or slightly nonlinear) models that are scheduled based on operating conditions. These models, formally known as linear parameter varying (LPV) models, tend to be difficult to identify because they contain a large amount of coefficients that require calibration. Consequently, the model identification process can be very laborious and time-intensive. This paper describes a comprehensive identification algorithm that uses linear-algebra-based subspace methods to identify a parameter varying state variable model that can describe the input-to-output dynamics of a battery under various operating conditions. Compared with previous methods, this approach is much faster and provides the user with information on the order of the system without placing an a priori structure on the system matrices. The entire process and various nuances are demonstrated using data collected from a lithium ion battery, and the focus is on applications for energy storage in automotive applications.
Bacterial meningitis is a devastating central nervous system (CNS) infection with acute and long-term neurological consequences, including cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the association between activated microglia-induced neuroinflammation and post-meningitis cognitive impairment.
We present a modified method for the synthesis of a Lewis acid of acidity lower than that of BF3: ROBF2, (where R is an oligooxyethylene substituent containing 1 to 7 ethylene oxide (EO) monomeric units). The synthesis consisted of thermal decomposition of trifluoroalkoxyborate salts under reduced pressure. The derivatives synthesized were applied in complexation reactions with low-molecular-weight lithium salts, such as LiF, LiI, LiPF6 CH3COOLi, CF3COOLi and (COOLi)2. The salts obtained show properties of ionic liquids at ambient temperature. On the basis of NMR, FTIR and EIS spectroscopy, the course of the complexation reaction has been proposed and the properties of the salts obtained have been determined. The system with CF3COOLi has the highest ambient-temperature ionic conductivity of the carboxylic complex salts studied (on the order of 10−4 S cm−1). The product of the reaction of CH3(OCH2CH2)2OBF2 and LiI, applied in a solid polymer electrolyte (10 mol% in PEO), was characterized by ionic conductivity of the order of 10−6 −10−3 Scm−1 over a temperature range between 20−90°C, and high lithium transference number (0.80−0.87).
LiCoO2 thin-film cathode was deposited on Pt-coated alumina substrate by the electrostatic spray deposition method. The average film weight of LiCoO2 increased linearly with the deposition time. Electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge tests. These tests revealed that single phase HT-LiCoO2 films could be obtained by the ESD method at temperature as low as 600°C and the LiCoO2 film deposited by the ESD method showed very stable cycling characteristics. The crystallinity of the LiCoO2 layers increased with increasing annealing temperature. XANES results showed that the LiCoO2 film deposited by the ESD method does not show any changes of the local geometry and electronic structure around Co atoms after electrochemical cycling.
This paper utilizes the dynamic programming (DP) approach to deal with the integrated optimization problem for deriving the best configuration and energy split strategies of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), including a battery and a supercapacitor (SC), for an electric city bus. Within the optimization process, a preset cost function is employed to evaluate the HESS life cycle cost based on a dynamic degradation model of the LiFePO4 battery, which is initially proposed by us. For system hybridization, the battery size is optimized according to the requested minimal mileage, while the optimal configuration of the SC pack (i.e., the numbers of the SC modules in series and parallel) is determined using the DP approach. It is shown that the life cycle cost of the HESS initially decreases rapidly with the addition of SCs, though the rate of this reduction decreases as the amount of SC increases. The HESS candidates occurring in the transition area can therefore be regarded as the best solutions. For the energy split strategy, several control rules can be extracted from the DP results, and a near-optimal rule-based strategy is proposed in this paper. When compared to the battery-only configuration, the HESS controlled by the rule-based strategy can reduce 47% and 60% of the ESS life cycle cost along the typical China Bus Driving Cycle and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, respectively. This paper also proves that a well-tuned rule-based strategy, which can be easily implemented in a vehicle, presents rather good performance when compared to the DP approach. In addition, the proposed strategy performance can be further improved by increasing the SC usage.
Purpose: We sought to determine whether propranolol has adverse effects on cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and sexual function in patients treated for diastolic hypertension. subjects and methods: We performed a placebo-controlled trial among 312 men and women, 22 to 59 years of age, who had untreated diastolic hypertension (90 to 104 mm Hg). Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with propranolol (80 to 400 mg/day) or matching placebo tablets. Thirteen tests of cognitive function were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Five tests measured reaction time to, or accuracy in, interpreting visual stimuli; one test measured the ability to acquire, reproduce, and change a set of arbitrary stimulus-response sets; and seven tests measured memory or learning verbal information. Depressive symptoms and sexual function were assessed by questionnaires at baseline and 12 months. results: There were no significant differences by treatment assignment for 11 of the 13 tests of cognitive function at either 3 or 12 months of follow-up. Compared with placebo, participants treated with propranolol had slightly fewer correct responses at 3 months (33 ± 3 [mean ± SD] versus 34 ± 2, P = 0.02) and slightly more errors of commission at 3 months (4 ± 5 versus 3 ± 3, P = 0.04) and at 12 months (4 ± 4 versus 3 ± 3, P = 0.05). At 12 months, depressive symptoms and sexual function and desire did not differ by treatment assignment. Conclusions: Treatment of hypertension with propranolol had limited adverse effects on tests of cognitive function that were of questionable clinical relevance, and there were no documented adverse effects on depressive symptoms or sexual function. Selection of beta-blockers for treatment of hypertension should be based on other factors.
Cobalt is considered to be a critical raw material for the European Union. Since it has limited supply, substantial efforts should be made to develop sustainable methods to recover cobalt from alternative sources. Hydrometallurgical processing of spent NiMH batteries generates a concentrated stream containing, preferably, Co (11.8 g/L) and impurities (2.3 g/L Ni, 0.2 g/L Al, 9.3 g/L Mn and 4.6 g/L rare earth elements) in the nitric acid media. In this study, the selective separation of Co from the other ions present was investigated. Co was selectively separated from Al, Mn and REEs using 1 M Cyanex 301 in kerosene. The different kinetic behaviour during extraction with Cyanex 301 was utilized to separate Co and Ni ions selectively. The calculated ΔH for the Co extraction process equals – 11.37 ± 0.5 kJ/mol, which indicates that the extraction of Co in the system tested is an exothermic reaction. The effect of temperature on the Co extraction was used to obtain better selectivity towards Ni. Co was recovered by selective stripping with 4 M HCl at ambient temperature. The final purity of the stripping product was 99.9%.
The purpose of this study consists of analyzing the existing correlations between the intersegmental coordination and sports performance. The RCMV test, included into the PSISELTEVA battery, developed by RQ Plus, evaluates the intersegmental coordination, expressed through some psychomotor-related parameters. The subjects who took part in this study are 24 junior football players, from Dinamo Bucharest Sports Club. Using the Spearman correlation there have been important relations highlighted between the perceptual-motor learning coefficient, the resistance to time pressure coefficient and the marks obtained by the football players depending on their evolution on the field.
Three-axis acceleration sensor acoustic transmitters (AccelTag) programmed to identify specific acceleration patterns associated with particular behaviours (e.g., burrowing, attack) were used to study some aspects of the ecology of the Lusitanian toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). The AccelTag combines the features of archival tags (records acceleration in all three directions measuring also roll-independent pitch/tilt angle and roll around the fish’s axis) and acoustic transmitters. Therefore, this tag can autonomously identify and record specific signatures (i.e., behaviour patterns) of different movements transmitting autonomously and periodically the data to an acoustic biotelemetry receiver. Lusitanian toadfish is a subtropical marine teleost confined to estuaries in its northern limit of distribution due to thermal constraints. During 2010 (August and October), 24 toadfish were captured, tagged with the AccelTag and released in the Mira estuary, SW coast of Portugal, where an array of underwater automatic acoustic biotelemetry receivers was deployed.
It is thought that brain structure is the primary determinant of functions of brain regions. For example, cortical areas with functional differences also have different structural connectivity (SC) patterns. We used SCs derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in 100 healthy adults included in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to successfully predict cortical activation responses across distinct cognitive tasks and found that predictive performance varied among tasks. We also observed that predictive performance could be used to characterize task load in both relational reasoning and N-back working memory tasks and was significantly positively associated with behavioral performance. Moreover, we found that the default mode network (DMN) played a more dominant role in both activation prediction and behavioral performance than was found for other functional networks. These results support our hypothesis that individuals who performed tasks better might exhibit a more accurate predicted activation pattern as task-evoked activities are more inclined to flow over inherent structural networks than over more flexible paths. In the high difficulty condition, the decreased correlation between predicted and empirical activation may be associated with the more random brain activity in these conditions/participants due to the lack of engagement. Together, our findings highlight the feasibility of using SCs to estimate various cognitive task activations and thus further facilitate the exploration of the relationship between the brain and behavior by providing strong evidence for the relevance of structure to function in the human brain.
This study examined differences in symptom expression as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS [Schizophr. Bull. 13 (1987) 261]) in a tri-ethnic sample of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that ethnic differences would be more apparent in Positive Scale symptoms than in Negative and General Scale symptoms of the PANSS. The sample of 351 persons receiving services in community-based mental health clinics came from the initial phase of the San Diego site of the Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program (SCAP), a longitudinal naturalistic study on the course of schizophrenia treatment. Participants were 88 African-Americans, 198 Euro-Americans, and 65 Latinos. Baseline PANSS scale scores and individual items were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance procedures to examine symptoms by ethnic group and living situation while controlling for income, education, and age. There were no significant ethnic differences on the scale scores. At the item level of analysis, significant ethnic group differences were found in Hallucinatory Behavior, Suspiciousness, Excitement, and for Somatic Concerns. The cultural implications for the ethnic differences in each symptom behavior and the need for further research on symptom expression from an ethnographic perspective are discussed.