batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
An ultrasound-assisted convenient method was developed for the synthesis of battery grade potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) with high yield (53–59%). The purity of the synthesized salt was determined by chromite method to be 95–96.8%. It was found that sample of the solid potassium ferrate has a tetrahedral structure with a space group of D 2h (Pnma) from X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. From the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the K2FeO4 powders were crystallized polyhedron-shaped stick, and the particles had dimensions on the order of 25–200μm in length and 1–10μm in width. The electrochemical performance of the K2FeO4 electrodes was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic discharge methods in 10mol/L KOH aqueous electrolyte. The synthesized product possesses a capacity of 302.4mAh/g and coulombic efficiency of 74.5%.
Traction batteries constitute a core technology for electric vehicles. The cells used in such batteries are usually connected in a series-parallel structure. Significant degradation in energy density, cycle life, and safety occurs with battery usage, thanks to discrepancies among cell parameters, such as resistance, capacity, and State of Charge. Hence, it is imperative to explore propagation mechanisms of parameter inconsistency and develop methods to diagnose them. The state of the art in the two aspects are elaborated from three perspectives of internal, external, and coupling effects. Modeling approaches for parameter inconsistency available in the existing literature are comprehensively surveyed, with the purpose of spurring innovative ideas for establishing new models. Methods of data processing and feature extraction are systematically summarized in order to promote diagnostic efficiency and credibility. Moreover, methods of battery inconsistency evaluation and diagnosis are reviewed with the aim of catalyzing the development of new diagnostic algorithms. Finally, existing problems and future trends in the field of battery pack inconsistency research are elucidated.
The aim of the paper is to present a promising approach for recycling high value-added metals from the cathode materials of spent LIBs. The synthesis process of NCM cathode material enlightened us to apply reduction roasting to break LiNi x Co y Mn z O2 into simple compounds or metals. Accordingly, the effect of several factors such as temperature, carbon dosage and roasting time is assessed on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals. The roasted products are analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDS, and the results show that the cathode material after reduction roasting is primarily transformed into Li2CO3, Ni, Co and MnO. However, the solubility of Li2CO3 is relatively low, so carbonated water leaching is used to treat the roasted products. Then the filtrate is evaporated for the preparation of pure Li2CO3, and residue is leached to recycle other metals with H2SO4. The results indicate that, after roasted at 650 °C for 3 h with 19.9% carbon dosage, 84.7% Li is preferentially recovered via carbonated water leaching, and more than 99% Ni, Co and Mn are recycled via acid leaching without adding reductant. Finally, the products of Li2CO3, NiSO4, CoSO4 and MnSO4 are obtained. The process have great potential for industrial-scale recycling from spent LIBs.
Levetiracetam (LEV) and topiramate (TPM) are considered highly effective novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of focal epilepsies. To explore potential side effects, this study investigated their influence on cognitive functions comparatively by means of a standardized neuropsychological test battery assessing several cognitive domains. In this observational study, cognitive changes were explored in 30 consecutively recruited patients with focal epilepsy treated with LEV and in 21 patients treated with TPM, comparing functions assessed prior to gradual initiation and after reaching steady state of the individual target dosage. Before titration, patient groups did not differ significantly with respect to cognitive performance. Whereas the LEV group manifested no change in cognitive performance after AED titration, the TPM group worsened in the cognitive domains of cognitive speed and verbal fluency, as well as short-term memory. These findings suggest that TPM, unlike LEV, may impair frontal lobe functions. The lack of cognitive side effects related to LEV treatment may be relevant for treatment decisions.
Conditions of marked and long-lasting hypothermia have been shown to increase the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) in mouse bone-marrow. Stimulation of erythropoiesis as a consequence of anoxic conditions associated with decreased body temperature has been suggested as a possible mechanism for hypothermia-induced micronucleus formation. We examined whether chemically induced hypothermic conditions that produced increased MNPCE formation were associated with stimulation of erythropoiesis by measuring erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations in blood. Marked and long-lasting hypothermia was induced in male mice by oral administration of the antipsychotic compounds E-5842 (200mg/kg) or chlorpromazine (100mg/kg). Maximum decreases from the basal temperature, achieved 8h after treatment, were 14.8 and 12.8°C, respectively. A statistically significant increase in bone-marrow MNPCE frequency was observed 48h after administration of E-5842 (p <0.01) or chlorpromazine (p <0.05). Mice made anaemic by retro-orbital bleeding (0.5ml), which acted as positive control for stimulation of erythropoiesis, showed no relevant variation in mean rectal temperature and a slight non-statistically significant increase in MNPCE frequency after 48h. Blood samples for determination of EPO levels were obtained 4 (bleed-control animals only), 8, 16 and 24h after treatment. In spite of the induced hypothermia, no significant variation in EPO blood levels was observed after administration of E-5842 or chlorpromazine. Bleed-induced anaemic mice showed a clear increase in EPO blood levels at all sampled time points, differences from baseline values being statistically significant (p <0.001) at the 8-h samplings and beyond. These results indicate that induction of MNPCE secondary to chemically induced hypothermia is not mediated by stimulation of erythropoiesis.
A spray printing manufacturing approach to lithium-ion batteries was investigated with a focus on minimizing inactive fractions and maximizing energy and power densities of printable electrodes. Using a lithium titanate based anode initially and comparing with conventional electrodes, the effects of conductivity enhancer and binder fractions, post-calendaring effects, different electrode manufacturing methods, conductivity enhancer types and electrode thicknesses were explored, and optimum electrode structures were identified. These insights were then applied to a lithium iron phosphate based cathode, and full spray printed lithium titanate/lithium iron phosphate cell configurations were investigated. Notably, the full-cell battery with a 1:1 capacity ratio of lithium titanate to lithium iron phosphate had a stable specific energy density of ∼300 Wh/kg and a power density of ∼2500 W/kg, showing the promise of layer-by-layer spray printing to realize fully the intrinsic properties of electrode materials in lithium-ion battery cells.
This study investigates seven dimensions of poverty in Vietnam (income, health, education, housing, assets, basic services and economic status) using the Household Living Standard Survey data of 2014. The Government of Vietnam disburses funds for poverty alleviation to regions on the basis of incidence of household income poverty. Our study shows that this method neither fully captures the complex regional diversity of poverty nor does it accurately identify regions with a higher severity of poverty. For the first time in poverty studies of Vietnam, we explore the role of multiple spatial levels on poverty in multiple dimensions. Unlike the practice in the existing literature which classifies the poor with an arbitrary poverty cut-off, we use a fuzzy method that allows the inclusion of people who are in partial poverty. Furthermore, by utilizing random intercept multilevel models to decompose the variation of poverty at the household, commune, district and province levels, poverty maps for Vietnam are developed to visualize the spatial evidence of the severity and incidence of poverty. We identify that the provinces that are relatively less (more) poor in the income dimension are more (less) destitute in several other dimensions, which clearly shows a need for special policy attention. Our method reveals that the poverty ranking of provinces in regional Vietnam departs widely from those obtained through traditional single-level analysis. This suggests that poverty in Vietnam can be explained not only by characteristics at the household level, but also by contextual factors at higher levels (commune/village, district, province). These empirical findings can help Vietnamese policy makers determine suitable strategies to effectively target the most deprived regions and to develop more appropriate poverty-alleviation programs.
The ambiguous mechanism of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) greatly hinders their industrial applications toward renewable and clean energy conversion. Here, we elaborately prepared a cobalt sulfide catalyst to perform a comprehensive study of the OER performance under neutral/alkaline conditions. The combination of synchrotron-based operando X-ray spectroscopic investigations and electron microscopy observations captured a chameleon-like structural self-optimization on the cobalt sulfide oxygen evolution electrocatalyst in both neutral and alkaline electrolytes. Driven by the actual working conditions (pH gradient, electrical potential, etc.), distinct catalytic sites could be activated dramatically. In particular, the CoOOH supported on a single-walled carbon nanotube (CoOOH-SWCNT) with residual S species was identified as the true catalyst under alkaline conditions rather than the entirely transformed CoOOH-SWCNT, while the oxygenated CoS-SWCNT (O-CoS-SWCNT) was formed as the true catalyst under neutral conditions. Undoubtedly, such a mechanism of opening different locks with different keys and its microstructural advantages together guarantee the high catalytic activity in different electrolytes. This work provides a promising catalyst as well as sheds light on the very essence of the structural self-optimization process of catalysts. It makes a significant contribution to the advancement of OER relevant studies in the future while providing new ideas for the fields of chemistry and catalysis.
The electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Co-doped Mn oxide electrodes were investigated to determine the relationship between physicochemical feature evolution and the corresponding electrochemical behavior of synthesized electrodes. Co-doped Mn oxide electrodes with a rod-like morphology and antifluorite-type structure were synthesized by anodic electrodeposition on Au coated Si substrates from a dilute solution of 0.01M Mn acetate (Mn(CH3COO)2) and 0.001M Co sulphate (CoSO4). Electrochemical characterization of synthesized electrodes, with and without a conducting polymer (PEDOT) coating, was performed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different scan rates. In addition, structural characterization of as-deposited and cycled electrodes was conducted using SEM, TEM and XPS. Capacitance values for all deposits increased with increasing scan rate to 100mVs−1, and then decreased after 100mVs−1. The Mn–Co oxide/PEDOT electrodes showed improved specific capacity and electrochemical cyclability relative to uncoated Mn–Co oxides. Mn–Co oxide/PEDOT electrodes with rod-like structures had high capacitances (up to 310Fg−1) at a scan rate of 100mVs−1 and maintained their capacitance after 500 cycles in 0.5M Na2SO4 (91% retention). Capacitance reduction for the deposits was mainly due to the loss of Mn ions by dissolution in the electrolyte solution.
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are matter of intense investigation as potential regulators of gene expression. In the case of the transglutaminase 2 gene (TGM2) the databases of genome sequence indicate location of a lncRNA (LOC107987281) within the first intron. This lncRNA is 1000 bp long, arises from 2 exons and starts few nucleotides 3′ of the first splicing site of translated TGM2. We have analysed correlations between expression of LOC107987281 lncRNA and TGM2 mRNA by real-time PCR in K562 cell line untreated or treated with the anticancer drugs TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), Docetaxel and Doxorubicin. In the treated cells the lncRNA increase follows the trend of TGM2 transcript. To validate this finding we used HumanExon1_0ST Affymetrix; chip data were background-adjusted, quantile-normalized and summarized using robust multi-array average analysis implemented in the R package. The probesets recognize sequences inside each exon, near intronic splicing sites and others located in the untranslated regions of TGM2 gene. The analysis of total RNA samples in GEO datasets from K562, HL-60, THP-1 and U937 cell lines, untreated or treated with TPA in replicated experiments confirmed our earlier results. These demonstrate correlation between LOC107987281 and TGM2 mRNA in the cell lines (K562, HL60 and THP-1) where increased levels of TGM2 mRNA are produced. Additional array study on 358 samples of several normal and paired tumor tissues leads to the same conclusions, indicating a correlation between full-length TGM2 mRNA and LOC107987281 lncRNA in relation to the development of several tumors.
Transition metal sulfides as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted much attention because of their large Li+ storage capacity. However, the lower electrical conductivity and rapid capacity fading during the charge/discharge process strictly prohibit their practical applications. Here, a new strategy is adopted to accommodate the volume change and enhance the electrical conductivity by anchoring Co1-xS and NiS nanocrystals on amorphous carbon coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Benefiting from the unique structure, the Co1-xS and NiS anodes present excellent electrochemical performances including remarkable cyclability and outstanding rate property. Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction process of the anodes is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique.
The Fe-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction, and the Fe-doping effects on the Li electrochemical extraction/insertion performance of Li3V2(PO4)3 were investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The optimal Fe-doping content x is 0.02–0.04 in Li3Fe x V2−x (PO4)3 system. The Fe-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples showed a better cyclic ability between 3.0 and 4.9V, for example, the discharge capacity of Li3Fe0.02V1.98(PO4)3 was 177mAhg−1 in the 1st cycle and 126mAhg−1 in the 80th cycle. The retention rate of discharge capacity is about 71%, much higher than 58% of the undoped system. The improved electrochemical performances of the Li3V2(PO4)3 could be attributed to the increased electrical conductivity and structural stability deriving from the incorporation of the Fe3+ ions.
We have developed a high performance lithium-ion conducting glass-ceramics. This glass-ceramics has the crystalline form of Li1+x+y Al x Ti2−x Si y P3−y O12 with a NASICON-type structure, and it exhibits a high lithium-ion conductivity of 10−3 Scm−1 or above at room temperature. Moreover, since this material is stable in the open atmosphere and even to exposure to moist air, it is expected to be applied for various uses. One of applications of this material is as a solid electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery. Batteries were developed by combining a LiCoO2 positive electrode, a Li4Ti5O12 negative electrode, and a composite electrolyte. The battery using the composite electrolyte with a higher conductivity exhibited a good charge–discharge characteristic.
LiFePO4 in situ coated with hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped graphene-like membrane (HPNGM) composite derived from a electrospun polymer membrane (EPM) precursor has been achieved for the first time. The N-doped graphene-like membrane which is in situ coating on LiFePO4 can provide a highly conductive layer, and the hierarchical porous structure facilitates Li+ transfer. The composite exhibits a high reversible capacity (171 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), excellent high-rate capability and cycling stability. In addition to construct the traditional structure of nanofiber or nanowire, the EPM can also form graphene-like structure after annealing, which is a new application in constructing sheet structure by electrospinning.
Previous research has demonstrated that older adults are not as accurate as younger adults at perceiving negative emotions in facial expressions. These studies rely on emotion recognition tasks that involve choosing between many alternatives, creating the possibility that age differences emerge for cognitive rather than perceptual reasons. In the present study, an emotion discrimination task was used to investigate younger and older adults’ ability to visually discriminate between negative emotional facial expressions (anger, sadness, fear, and disgust) at low (40%) and high (80%) expressive intensity. Participants completed trials blocked by pairs of emotions. Discrimination ability was quantified from the participants’ responses using signal detection measures. In general, the results indicated that older adults had more difficulty discriminating between low intensity expressions of negative emotions than did younger adults. However, younger and older adults did not differ when discriminating between anger and sadness. These findings demonstrate that age differences in visual emotion discrimination emerge when signal detection measures are used but that these differences are not uniform and occur only in specific contexts.
A kind of ternary electrolyte systems containing N-butyl,methyl-piperidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (PP14TFSI), LiTFSI and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared by the radical polymerization method. The resultant electrolyte displays the room temperature conductivity of 6.8×10−4 Scm−1 and the lithium ions transference number ( t Li + ) of 0.37. The composition and the status of the passivating film are very important for the process of the charge transfer and of the conduction. XPS analysis shows that the passivating film comprises Li2O and Li2CO3. The ternary electrolytes possess the electrochemical stability window of 4.5V and better compatibility. The discharge curves of a Li/electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell at different rate indicate that, in generally, the capacity decreases gradually with the increasing of the rate and the cycle number. While the 30th cycle, the discharge capacity of 152.4mAhg−1 (0.1C), 126.5mAhg−1 (0.2C), 112.8mAhg−1 (0.5C) and 107.5mAhg−1 (1C) is still achieved. These properties allow the effective use of these films as electrolytes for the development of advanced polymer lithium ion batteries based on a LiFePO4 cathode.
Data collected from 1998 to 2001 clearly show that formaldehyde levels in ambient air of the city of Rio de Janeiro increased in 2001 (Corrêa et al., 2003, Atmospheric Environment 37, 23–29). In order to continue this study, samples were collected at the same site in the period from 2001 to 2002. In this work, we present the observed trends for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels from 1998 to 2002. Mean formaldehyde levels increased from 20ppb in 1998 to 80ppb in 2002, while acetaldehyde concentrations remained nearly unchanged. The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio increased from 1.0 to 4.5 in the same period of time. These results may be explained by the increasing use of compressed natural gas by the vehicular fleet, in substitution of ethanol and gasohol (a mixture of gasoline and ethanol, 24%v/v). In order to confirm this hypothesis, some experiments were carried out to estimate the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions from 20 automobiles powered by natural gas. The results showed a mean formaldehyde/acetaldehyde emission ratio of 3.42 for natural gas-fueled vehicles and of 0.24 when the same vehicles are fueled with gasohol. These high levels of formaldehyde may be attributed to the incomplete combustion of methane (80–90% of the natural gas) that is catalytically converted to formaldehyde in the exhaust pipe.
Sparked primarily by the need for safe, portable, high-voltage energy storage, lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries have been heavily researched over the past three decades. The advancement of nanostructured electrode compounds has opened up the field of polyanionic materials and Si-based composites as positive and negative electrode materials respectively. Promising new materials with high capacity and high potential have driven interest in this field. This review will highlight and summarize developments of the field in the past 5 years, with a focus on polyanionic materials based on phosphates, silicates and sulfates and Si/C nanostructured compounds.
We report a mild strategy to synthesize reduced graphene oxide/spinel nickel manganese oxide (rGO/NiMn2O4) nanorods composites. The rGO/NiMn2(C2O4)3 precursors were prepared via coprecipitation method in ethanol-water system and the composites were obtained by calcining the precursors in air. The hybrid materials have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectra, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Different electrochemical measurements have been used in a three electrode system to study the electrochemical performance such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The typical hybrid materials (30wt% rGO) display a high specific capacitance (693.00Fg−1 at 1Ag−1) and prominent cycling stability (91.38% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at 5Ag−1), indicating that the composites possess potential application as excellent electrode material.
Developing high-capacity electrode materials is critical to enhance the energy-density of lithium-ion batteries. Here, a new graphene nanoplatelets-supported SiOx-disordered carbon composite (SiOx-C/GNPs) is fabricated by a Stöber-type process and high-temperature treatment. When used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, SiOx-C/GNPs exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate capability even under deep charge–discharge cycling. A stable reversible capacity of about 630 mAh g−1 (calculated on the total mass of the composite) can be achieved at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and the capacity retention is nearly 100% after 250 cycles. Additionally, the plateau voltages of lithium extraction for the composite are only slightly higher than those for the commercial graphite, which ensures the high energy density of the assembled batteries. The superior electrochemical performance of this novel material is due to its unique features: excellent electronic conductivity, short transportation length for both lithium ions and electrons, elastomeric space to accommodate volume changes upon Li insertion/extraction and robust connection between SiOx and GNPs.