batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries were designed to meet the power requirements of hearing aid devices (HADs). The batteries were designed in a 312-button cell size, compatible with existing hearing aids. The batteries were tested to evaluate the design and the electrochemical performance, as they relate to a typical hearing aid application. The present report covers the pulse capabilities, cycle life and preliminary safety tests. The results are compared with other battery chemistries: secondary lithium-alloy and nickel–metal hydride batteries and primary Zn–air batteries. The cell AC impedance was stable over the frequency range between 1 and 50 kHz, ranging between 5 Ω at the higher frequency and 12 Ω at the lower extreme. Pulse tests were consistent with these values, as the cells were capable of providing a series of 100 mA pulses of 10-s duration. The safety tests suggest that the design is intrinsically safe with respect to the most common types of abuse conditions.
The effects of B2O3 addition on the properties of the Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) glass ceramic have been studied. The crystallization temperature of the LAGP decreases with the addition of B2O3. The glasses are crystallized at different temperatures and characterized for microstructure and ionic conductivity. The highest total conductivity of the glass ceramic material, 6.9 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C is achieved by crystallizing the glass at 825 °C for 5 h with the addition of 0.05 wt% B2O3. Non-linearity in Arrhenius plot is observed due to the characteristics of AlPO4 dielectric phase. In addition, the B2O3 added LAGP glass ceramic is stable in weak acidic and neutral solutions, but highly corroded in strong acidic and basic solutions.
During recent years, with the advent of restructuring in power systems as well as the increase of electricity demand and global fuel energy prices, challenges related to implementing demand response programs (DRPs) have gained remarkable attention of independent system operators (ISOs) and customers, aiming at the improvement of attributes of the load curve and reduction of energy consumption as well as benefiting customers. In this paper, different types of DRPs are modeled based on price elasticity of the demand and the concept of customer benefit. Besides, the impact of implementing DRPs on the operation of grid-connected microgrid (MG) is analyzed. Moreover, several scenarios are presented in order to model uncertainties interfering MG operations including failure of generation units and random outages of transmission lines and upstream line, error in load demand forecasting, uncertainty in production of renewable energies (wind and solar) based distributed generation units, and the possibility that customers do not respond to scheduled interruptions. Simulations are conducted for two principal categories of DRP including incentive-based programs and time-based programs on an 11-bus MG over a 24-h period and also a 14-bus MG over a period of 336 h (two weeks). Simulation results indicate the effects of DRPs on total operation costs, customer's benefit, and load curve as well as determining optimal use of energy resources in the MG operation. In this regard, prioritizing of DRPs on the MG operation is required.
The charge and discharge characteristics of chromium-substituted lithium manganate spinel, LiCr0.1Mn1.9O4, have been studied in organic electrolyte solutions with different compositions. The rate capability and the cycle performance of the oxide cathode depended much on the electrolyte composition. Higher initial capacity was observed in the electrolyte solution showing higher ionic conductivity. Good cycle performance was obtained in LiBF4 solutions with ternary solvent systems containing 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME). Addition of Li2CO3 to the LiPF6 solution improved the cycleability of the oxide cathode. The electrolyte composition giving lower impedance at the oxide/solution interface showed less capacity degradation during the charge/discharge cycles.
The morphological changes of a lithium powder electrode during cycling (discharge/charge) were observed at various current densities by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution of the lithium powder electrode seemed to occur uniformly in the whole body of the electrode during discharge, and deposition occurred so as to sustain the initial powder shape during successive charging at a low current density. A model of the current density distribution and bonding number differences was developed, which rationalized the dissolution and deposition behaviors of the lithium ions. The suppression of dendritic growth in the lithium powder electrode was also understood from the standpoint of the Sand's time. The increased cycling life and small volume changes in the lithium powder electrode cell were able to be understood based on these behaviors.
We report the preparation and characterization of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (=0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2) microspheres as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. These microspheres were synthesized by carbonate co-precipitation and calcination with lithium salt. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption. It is found that the synthesized samples, of spherical morphology with primary nanoparticles assembled in secondary microparticles, have a diameter of ∼5μm. When used as the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, the sample prepared at aging time of 9h with ammonia concentration of 0.6molL−1 shows excellent electrochemical performance. Their charge capacities are 274mAhg−1 at the current density of 20mAg−1, much higher than those of the commercial LiCoO2 and LiFePO4. More importantly, they exhibit excellent rate performances with a capacity of 165 and 144mAhg−1 at the current densities of 600 and 1000mAg−1, respectively, superior to those of other reported Li-rich cathode materials. This work illustrates the relation among synthesis condition, inner structure and electrochemical performance, which has a positive effect on industry production.
Memantine is an approved symptomatic treatment for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease that reduces the excitotoxic effects of hyperactive glutamatergic transmission. However, the exact mechanism of the effect of memantine in Alzheimer’s disease patients is poorly understood. Importantly, the default mode network (DMN), which plays a key role in attention, is hypoactive in Alzheimer’s disease and is under glutamatergic control.
Differentiation among American cigarettes relies primarily on the use of proprietary tobacco blends, menthol, tobacco substitutes, paper porosity, paper additives, and filter ventilation. These characteristics substantially alter per cigarette yields of tar and nicotine in standardized protocols promulgated by government agencies. However, due to compensatory alterations in smoking behavior to sustain a preferred nicotine dose (e.g., by increasing puff frequency, inhaling more deeply, smoking more cigarettes per day, or blocking filter ventilation holes), smokers actually inhale similar amounts of tar and nicotine regardless of any cigarette variable, supporting epidemiological evidence that all brands have comparable disease risk. Consequently, it would be advantageous to develop assays that realistically compare cigarette smoke (CS)-induced genotoxicity regardless of differences in cigarette construction or smoking behavior. One significant indicator of potentially carcinogenic DNA damage is double strand breaks (DSBs), which can be monitored by measuring Ser 139 phosphorylation on histone H2AX. Previously we showed that phosphorylation of H2AX (defined as γH2AX) in exposed lung cells is proportional to CS dose. Thus, we proposed that γH2AX may be a viable biomarker for evaluating genotoxic risk of cigarettes in relation to actual nicotine/tar delivery. Here we tested this hypothesis by measuring γH2AX levels in A549 human lung cells exposed to CS from a range of commercial cigarettes using various smoking regimens. Results show that γH2AX induction, a critical event of the mammalian DNA damage response, provides an assessment of CS-induced DNA damage independent of smoking topography or cigarette type. We conclude that γH2AX induction shows promise as a genotoxic bioassay offering specific advantages over the traditional assays for the evaluation of conventional and nonconventional tobacco products.
The electronic structures of Mg-doped LiCoO2 have been investigated by the first-principle pseudopotential method. The effect of Mg-doping content on the band structure and structural stability of LiCoO2 is presented. The results obtained via a full relaxation of the crystalline structure show that a rational amount of Mg-doping in LiCoO2 is helpful to enhance its electronic conductivity. However, the doping magnitude should be controlled within 15mol% of LiCoO2 in order to keep its crystalline structure unchanged. By combining total energy calculations with basic thermodynamics, the average intercalation voltages of this doped system have been predicted.
Publisher Summary Technology is socially invisible when it fits a given culture’s tacitly agreed-upon definition of the unremarkable. This chapter sheds light on track lighting technology. Track lighting is a near to invisible ubiquitous technology, but it is neither literally invisible, nor does it attempt to be. It is embedded in a social context within which it is unremarkable, but it still has a user experience for a range of audiences. Track lighting is a rare technology in how close it can get to social invisibility. Most tools are purposefully visible. They advertise themselves, their function, and their social role prominently through their appearance. Describing technology as a distraction from everyday life underestimates the role technology plays in creating meaning in life. In many ways, the use of technology is the business and pleasure of life. Ubiquitous computing user experience design has only occasionally embraced this potential. Mostly, it has been stuck in one of two communities of practice: consumer electronics and academic research. The world of consumer electronics creates popular, highly visible, emotionally rich, but short-term and shallow user experiences. Academia creates powerful infrastructures and thoroughly researched user experiences that tend to be emotionally cold and functionally irrelevant to most people.
Many nano-enabled consumer products are known to be in the global market. At the same, little is known about the quantity, type, location etc. of the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) inside the products. This limits the scientific investigations of potential environmental effects of these materials, and especially the knowledge of ENM behaviour and potential effects at the end-of-life stage of the products is scarce. To gain a better understanding of the end-of-life waste treatment of nano-enabled consumer product, we provide an overview of the ENMs flowing into and throughout waste systems in Europe, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Using a nanoproduct inventory (nanodb.dk), we performed a four-step analysis to estimate the most abundant ENMs and in which waste fractions they are present. We found that in terms of number of products: (i) nano silver is the most used ENM in consumer products, and (ii) plastic from used product containers is the largest waste fraction also comprising a large variety of ENMs, though possibly in very small masses. Also, we showed that the local waste management system can influence the distribution of ENMs. It is recommended that future research focus on recycling and landfilling of nano-enabled products since these compartments represent hot spots for end-of-life nanoproducts.
Objectives (1) To examine clinician adherence to a standardized assessment battery across settings (acute hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facilities [IRFs], outpatient facility), professional disciplines (physical therapy [PT], occupational therapy, speech-language pathology), and time of assessment (admission, discharge/monthly), and (2) to evaluate how specific implementation events affected adherence. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Acute hospital, IRF, and outpatient facility with approximately 118 clinicians (physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists). Participants Participants (N=2194) with stroke who were admitted to at least 1 of the above settings. All persons with stroke underwent standardized clinical assessments. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Adherence to Brain Recovery Core assessment battery across settings, professional disciplines, and time. Visual inspections of 17 months of time-series data were conducted to see if the events (eg, staff meetings) increased adherence ≥5% and if so, how long the increase lasted. Results Median adherence ranged from .52 to .88 across all settings and professional disciplines. Both the acute hospital and the IRF had higher adherence than the outpatient setting (P≤.001), with PT having the highest adherence across all 3 disciplines (P<.004). Of the 25 events conducted across the 17-month period to improve adherence, 10 (40%) resulted in a ≥5% increase in adherence the following month, with 6 services (60%) maintaining their increased level of adherence for at least 1 additional month. Conclusions Actual adherence to a standardized assessment battery in clinical practice varied across settings, disciplines, and time. Specific events increased adherence 40% of the time with those gains maintained for >1 month 60% of the time.
This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on the interaction between Zn(II) and some hydroxocarboxylic ligands (L), namely: malate (Mala2−), tartrate (Tar2−) and citrate (Cit3−). The stability constants of the mono- and polynuclear ZniHjLk(2i+j−kz) species were determined by potentiometric measurements at T = 298.15 K in different ionic media, NaCl(aq) and NaNO3(aq), at different ionic strengths: I = 0.15 mol dm−3 (NaCl(aq)) and 1.00 mol dm−3 (NaCl(aq) and NaNO3(aq)). As a further contribution to the study of the formation of mixed species, that are of particular importance in fluids that hyperaccumulated metal ions, the ternary interactions between two different metals and a ligand (Zn2+/Sn2+/hydroxocarboxylic ligands) were also investigated. The formation of the hetero-metal complexes produces an enhancement of the stability of the complexes with respect to the same homo-metal ones, shifting significantly the pH of precipitation of the sparingly soluble species and increasing the mobility and bioavailability of the species. From the analysis of experimental data at I = 1.00 mol dm−3 in NaCl(aq) and NaNO3(aq), it results that the stability constants in NaCl(aq) are significantly higher than the ones in NaNO3(aq). The higher stability of the species in NaCl(aq) can be explained in terms of ion pairs formation with chloride ion. As an example, for the hetero-metals/Mala/chloride system, the following stability constants, on the basis of the general reaction: mixed-complex + Cl− = mixed-complex/Cl (quaternary species), we obtained: log K1111 = 0.48, log K1121 = 0.36, log K112-11 = 0.82 for ZnSnMalaCl, ZnSn(Mala)2Cl, and ZnSn(Mala)2OHCl, respectively. The sequestering ability of the three ligands toward Zn2+ was evaluated, at different experimental conditions, by means of the empirical parameter, pL0.5. The effect of the chloride anion on the stability of various species and on the sequestration of the metal was also evaluated.
The rise of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that are distinctive class of porous materials has attained enormous consideration during the last decades owing to their controllable structures, high surface areas and tunable pore sizes. The applications of MOFs range from the traditional gas separation and storage, drug delivery, sensors and catalysis to the emerging field of energy storage devices, such as high energy density rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. Metal-organic frameworks are excellent candidates for electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices due to their irreplaceable morphology, appropriate functional linkers, high specific surface area and metal sites. Herein, a brief review is carried out on recent development in the utilization of metal-organic framework based materials for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, which would be the prevailing guidance to the materials design and optimization for battery community and electrochemical energy storage applications.
In recent years, Li-rich layered cathode materials have caught more and more attention; however, their low-temperature performance have hardly been researched and reported. In this work, typical layered Li-rich oxides (0.55Li2MnO3·0.45LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2) are successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. And their electrochemical properties have been investigated emphatically at 25°C and 0°C. Results show that the reversible capacity of as-prepared Li-rich oxides exhibit much dependence on temperature from ∼230 mAh·g−1 (25°C), ∼160mAh·g−1 (10°C), ∼70mmAh·g−1 (0°C) to ∼50mAh·g−1 (−5°C). Our analyses indicate that there are several factors responsible for the capacity loss at low temperature: (1) the deactivation of Li2MnO3 component; (2) the limited kinetic of Li+ intercalation into MnO2; (3) the increase of electrochemical impendences, especially the charge-transfer resistance (Rct ); (4) the decrease of Li ion diffusion coefficient (DLi+ ). And we find that pre-activation at room temperature is a quite effective way to improve its electrochemical performances at low temperature. In addition to the above four factors, for the first time, we suggest that the lattice contraction with decreasing temperature should also be considered.
In this work, we compare the technical and economic performance of a solar organic Rankine cycle (s-ORC) system with thermal energy storage (TES) and a solar photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage at a capacity of 50 kWe. A two-dimensional variable space, comprising solar field area and storage capacity is swept for optimum operational zones of five performance indicators, namely annual energy generation, capacity utilization factor (CUF), capital cost, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and energy wasted. Minimum LCOE estimated for the s-ORC system was 0.19 USD/kWh with a CUF of 0.56. For the same CUF value, the PV system incurs a LCOE of at least 0.26 USD/kWh. The minimum LCOE of the PV system yields an attractive value of 0.12 USD/kWh, but it includes no battery storage and thus delivers a significantly lower CUF of 0.27. The results indicate that for achieving minimum LCOE, the operational zones of the two technologies differ in terms of storage requirement. The s-ORC technology potentially offers improved reliability of power supply through cost-effective TES. Visualization of annual energy and costs in the form of contour maps facilitates a holistic comparison of the two technologies with their storage options.
A designed MoO3/C nanobelts anode material for lithium ion batteries is obtained by a facile hydrothermal route in this work with (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and activated carbon as starting materials. Owing to the polyporous structure of the activated carbon, molybdenum trioxide forms in the pores and then grows along the preferential orientation to build MoO3/C nanobelts, in which the MoO3 nanoparticles and carbon are dispersed uniformly and combined firmly. The synthesized material is studied in terms of structural, microstructural and electrochemical properties. The carbon component present in the composite serves as a physical barrier preventing the aggregation of the MoO3 nanoparticles, provides structural flexibility for accommodation of large volume changes on electrochemical cycling, and offers good electronic conductivity for electrode reaction, ensuring the observed vast improvement of the electrochemical properties of MoO3/C anode. The MoO3/carbon nanobelts with the designed microstructure exhibit a high specific capacity (up to 1000mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.1Ag−1), superior rate capability (retaining a discharge capacity of 675mAhg−1 at a current density of 5Ag−1) and long-term cycle stability (to 550 cycles). In situ XRD examination on MoO3/C electrode is performed to understand the reaction mechanism of lithium with MoO3 in initial process.
Pervasive computing environments deliver a multitude of possibilities for human–computer interactions. Modern technologies, such as gesture control or speech recognition, allow different devices to be controlled without additional hardware. A drawback of these concepts is that gestures and commands need to be learned. We propose a system that is able to learn actions by observation of the user. To accomplish this, we use a camera and deep learning algorithms in a self-supervised fashion. The user can either train the system directly by showing gestures examples and perform an action, or let the system learn by itself. To evaluate the system, five experiments are carried out. In the first experiment, initial detectors are trained and used to evaluate our training procedure. The following three experiments are used to evaluate the adaption of our system and the applicability to new environments. In the last experiment, the online adaption is evaluated as well as adaption times and intervals are shown.
A single phase O3-type layered NaNi0.5Mn0.3Ti0.2O2 compound synthesized via simple solid-state reaction is first reported as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. A high reversible capacity of approximately 138 mAh g−1 and initial coulombic efficiency of above 96% can be obtained in half-cell. The performance of sodium-ion full-cells with NaNi0.5Mn0.3Ti0.2O2 as the cathode and presodiated hard carbon as the anodes were also evaluated. Based on the mass of cathode, the full-cells can still exhibit a high reversible capacity of ca. 131 mAh g−1. The prominent capacities make NaNi0.5Mn0.3Ti0.2O2 as an important cathode candidate for room temperature sodium-ion batteries.
Accelerated long term forgetting (ALF) is a characteristic cognitive aspect in patients affected by temporal lobe epilepsy that is probably due to an impairment of memory consolidation and retrieval caused by epileptic activity in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions. We describe a case of a patient with TLE who showed improvement in ALF and in remote memory impairment after an anterior left temporal pole lobectomy including the uncus and amygdala. Our findings confirm that impairment of hippocampal functioning leads to pathological ALF, whereas restoration of hippocampal functioning brings ALF to a level comparable to that of controls.
Exploiting the properties of stability, low cost and low toxicity of iron phosphates, we have tried to enhance the performance of FePO4 as cathode material for Li-ion cells. We adopted the strategy of obtaining FePO4, via a typical preparation, onto the channels of an ordered mesoporous SBA-15 silica, a low cost mesoporous material commonly used in industry, which possesses larger pores, thicker walls and higher thermal stability as compared with other mesoporous silicas like MCM-41. Characterizations with ICP-AES, XRPD, BET and HRTEM suggest that the supported iron phosphate species, with loading amounts as high as 30wt%, are located and dispersed in the mesopores of SBA-15. Iron phosphate can be reduced/oxidized more readily than the unsupported iron phosphate at room temperature, and in fact, cycling at C/10, the supported phosphate shows a utilization of 70% with respect to a value of 30% for the unsupported solid. The result is interesting from the scientific viewpoint but not suitable for application at the moment. Indeed, the amount of active material does not exceed 30% of the electrode mass and the total electrode capacity, though the active material is very efficient, is largely insufficient. Researches are being developed trying to increase the performances of the materials and also to eliminate the support after the dispersion of the active material.