batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Various active/inactive nanocomposites of Cu2Sb–Al2O3@C, Cu2Sb–TiC, and Cu2Sb–TiC@C have been synthesized by high energy mechanical milling and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the lithiated phase stability and heat generation arising from these electrodes. The milling process reduces the Li3Sb phase stability, relative to the un-milled samples, to below ∼200 °C. However, the incorporation of the reinforcing, inactive phases Al2O3, TiC, and carbon black offer a slight improvement. DSC curves also show that the low-temperature heat generation in the SEI-layer reaction range is not noticeably altered by either the milling process or the addition of the inactive phases. A strong exothermic peak is observed at ∼200 °C for the 0% state of charge electrodes of Cu2Sb–Al2O3@C and Cu2Sb–TiC@C that was caused by the incorporation of carbon black into the composite. This peak was not present in the electrodes of milled Cu2Sb or Cu2Sb–TiC, suggesting that efforts to extend the cycle life of alloy anodes should avoid carbon black due to its destabilizing effects on delithiated electrodes. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates that the reaction arising from the incorporation of carbon black is tied to a low-temperature breakdown of the lithium salt LiPF6.
A novel LiFePO4/C composite, including 85.4 wt% of spherical LiFePO4 nanocrystallites with the size of 22 nm is fabricated by using 3D coralloid nitrogen-containing carbon with large pore volume (4.68 cm3 g−1) and thin walls (2–3 nm) as interpenetrating conductive framework. Based on the whole composite, the LiFePO4/C cathode material exhibits a stable and high reversible capacity of 144.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 60.4 mA h g−1 at 20 C (based on the weight of LiFePO4, it can deliver a high capacity of 155.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 85.3 mA h g−1 at 20 C). The cell retains 96.7% of its initial capacity at 10 C over 1000 cycles with an ultrahigh specific power of 5114 W kg−1 and the coulombic efficiency is >99%. The excellent performance is ascribed to the facile lithium-ion diffusion within the LiFePO4 nanocrystallites and high conductivity through the 3D continuous network. This coralloid carbon not only provides sufficient space for LiFePO4 hosting to further assist in energy storage, but also acts as a rigid nano-confinement support that prevents agglomeration of LiFePO4 during calcinations, which might be extended for the fabrication of other nano-sized electrode materials.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Root bark from Tabernanthe iboga has been used traditionally in West Africa as a psychoactive substance in religious rituals. In smaller doses it is reported anecdotally to have stimulant properties. Aim of the study To evaluate the influence of a single 20mg ibogaine dose on psychological variables reflecting subjective mood state and a range of cognitive functions. Materials and methods 21 healthy male volunteers received single 20mg doses of ibogaine after 6 days pretreatment with double-blind paroxetine or placebo. We compared responses to a battery of psychometric tests and subjective mood ratings performed before and 2h after ibogaine dosing, and assessed relationships between changes in test scores and concentrations of active moiety (the sum of molar noribogaine and ibogaine concentrations). Psychological tests were chosen based on responsiveness to opioid and serotonergic ligands. Results Ibogaine had minimal influence on psychological tests and mood ratings. The ability to selectively ignore distracting spatial information showed some evidence of modulation; however because this effect was limited to the less challenging condition calls into question the reliability of this result. Conclusion We were unable to identify stimulant effects after single 20mg doses of ibogaine. Future research is needed to confirm whether active moiety concentrations impact selective attention abilities while leaving other cognitive functions and mood state unaffected.
Publisher Summary Science is the systematic attempt to understand and interpret the physical and biological world. While technology is concerned with the fabrication and use devices and systems, science is devoted to the conceptual enterprise of understanding and describing the physical and biological world. Technology is science plus purpose. While science is the study of the laws of nature, technology is the practical application of those laws toward the achievement of some purpose or purposes. Technology might be defined as the organization of knowledge for the achievement of practical purposes. Technologies are not confined to a specific business, application, or industry. They are potentially applicable to several businesses. Innovation is the creation of new technology that satisfies a commercial purpose. The development of new technologies is a cumulative matter in which each generation inherits all the preceding science and technology on which it can build.
In the research related to heart rate measurement, few studies have been done using magnetic-induced conductivity sensing methods to measure the heart rate. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the position of a textile-based inductive coil sensor on the measurement of the heart rate. In order to assess the capability of the textile-based inductive coil sensor and the repeatability of measured cardiac muscle contractions, we proposed a new quality index based on the morphology of measured signals using a textile-based inductive coil sensor. We initially explored eight potential positions of the inductive sensor in a pilot experiment, followed by three sensor positions in the main experiment. A simultaneously measured electrocardiography (ECG) signal (Lead II) which was used as a reference signal for a comparison of the R-peak location with signals obtained from selected positions of the textile-based inductive coil sensor. The result of the main experiment indicated that the total quality index obtained from the sensor position ‘P3’, which was located 3 cm away from the left side from the center front line on the chest circumference line, was the highest (QI value = 1.30) among the three positions across all the subjects. This finding led us to conclude that (1) the position of the textile-based inductive coil sensor significantly affected the quality of the measurement results, and that (2) P3 would be the most appropriate position for the textile-based inductive coil sensor for heart rate measurements based on the magnetic-induced conductivity sensing principle.
Finding and optimizing the appropriate cathode materials in the electrolyte are critical to the development of chloride ion batteries. Herein, chloride ion-doped polyaniline/carbon nanotubes (PANI/CNTs) composite materials, which were prepared by an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method using FeCl3·6H2O as the oxidant, have been developed as new cathodes for chloride ion battery. The PANI/CNTs cathode showed reversible electrochemical energy storage through redox reactions of nitrogen species and chloride ion transfer, as confirmed by the results of the electrochemical testing and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structural configuration of PANI by the incorporation of conductive CNT carrier contributed to significant improvement in the electrochemical properties. More than 80 mAh g−1 stable capacity and a high Coulombic efficiency of about 99% were delivered. This work offers a promising strategy for designing chloride ion storage electrode and novel electrochemical systems.
Umicore is planning a technology development program to improve the performance of 12 V batteries in Formula E racing cars. Formula E, officially the FIA Formula E Championship, is a class of auto racing that uses only electric-powered cars. Umicore and Mahindra Racing, along with Belgian design company Voxdale will work together to apply finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and simulation techniques to finetune the performance of the electric race cars. The results of this work will first be seen in the season five car, where drivers will no longer need to make a mandatory car swap during the race, according to Umicore. Materials recycling ‘Our partnership with Umicore and Voxdale further validates our commitment to the eco-revolution by thus completing the cycle of creation, efficient and optimal use, and recycling of materials used in the field of electrical energy,’ said Dilbagh Gill, CEO and team principal at Mahindra Racing. ‘We are proud to be Official Technology Partner of Mahindra Racing in the FIA Formula E Championship,’ added Kurt Vandeputte, senior vice-president Umicore Rechargeable Battery Materials. ‘Our partnership underlines our strong common belief in clean and electric mobility and offers us a platform to test and understand our active battery materials in the most challenging circumstances.’ Umicore;www.umicore.com Umicore plans to improve the performance of 12 V batteries in Formula E racing cars.
Bruno Rossi (1905–1993), one of the giants of 20th-century physics, was a pioneer in cosmic-ray physics and virtually every other aspect of high-energy astrophysics. His scientific career began at the University of Florence in 1928 and continued at the University of Padua until 1938, when the Fascist anti-Semitic racial laws were passed in Italy. He was dismissed from his professorship and was forced to emigrate, as described in unpublished letters and documents that display the international character of physics and physicists. His young bride Nora Lombroso, his love of physics, and the solidarity of the physics community gave him the courage to begin a new life in Copenhagen, Manchester, and in the New World at the University of Chicago, Cornell University, Los Alamos, and after the Second World War at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he became the center of a worldwide research network.
Emotion regulation is a fundamental affective process implicated in a range of clinically relevant phenomena such as mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, as well as self-harm and suicidality. Many self-report scales have been developed to measure this important construct, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (DERS) is one of the most widely used. The DERS has extensive empirical support for its use, however, its long length impacts its utility and a briefer version is needed. Recently three brief versions of the DERS (DERS-16, DERS-SF, and DERS-18) were developed independently. Initial analyses of each of these measures found them to retain the excellent psychometric properties of the original DERS measure. However, it remains unclear which version is most ideally suited to briefly measure emotion regulation in clinical and research contexts. To clarify this point, the current study examined the existing brief DERS measures on internal reliability and concurrent validity indices in a large sample of undergraduate students (n = 1181). The reliability and validity of all three brief forms were found to be comparable. Additionally, if replicated, our results suggest that it may be useful for future research and clinical work to use brief versions that retain subscale scores (DERS-SF and DERS-18). Based on the results and the existing literature, we recommend that the emotion regulation field come to a consensus about which brief version to use for consistency and the ability to compare findings across studies.
Involvement of the cervical lymph nodes is the most important prognostic factor for patients with oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the decision of whether to electively treat patients with clinically negative necks remains a controversial topic. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) provides a minimally invasive method for determining the disease status of the cervical node basin, without the need for a formal neck dissection. This technique potentially improves the accuracy of histologic nodal staging and avoids overtreating three-quarters of this patient population, minimizing associated morbidity. The technique has been validated for patients with OSCC, and larger-scale studies are in progress to determine its exact role in the management of this patient population. This document is designed to outline the current best practice guidelines for the provision of SNB in patients with early-stage OSCC, and to provide a framework for the currently evolving recommendations for its use. Preparation of this guideline was carried out by a multidisciplinary surgical/nuclear medicine/pathology expert panel under the joint auspices of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Oncology Committee and the Sentinel European Node Trial (SENT) Committee.
Electro catalyst Pt–Co/multi-walled C nanotubes were synthesized by using the modified polyol method with glycol as reducer. The magnetic-field-assisted fabrication of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was proposed, to orient catalyst layers and increase the efficiency of catalyst utilization. PEMFCs with the magnetic-field-treated MEA (M-MEA) exhibited significant performance improvement over common MEA (C-MEA) without magnetic-field treatment. Under the same operating conditions, the maximum power density of MEA increased from 149.6 to 223.8 mW cm−2 when C-MEA was replaced by M-MEA. Scanning electron microscope images showed that catalysts exhibited a “cluster-like structure” in M-MEA opposed to a chaotic arrangement in C-MEA. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that M-MEA reaction resistance was lower than that of C-MEA. Cyclic voltammetry data showed an increment of almost 29.6 % in electrochemical surface area as a result of the magnetic-field treatment.
The spherical mesoporous iron phosphate (P-FP) were prepared by liquid phase crystallization method, and then Carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate was synthesized by high temperature solid phase method using the spherical mesoporous iron phosphate as precursors (P-LFP/C) or using the non-mesoporous iron phosphate as precursors (LFP/C). The P-LFP/C were characterized by X-Ray-Diffraction, Scanning-Electron-Microscope, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer and electrochemical tests. The results show that the initial discharge capacity of the P-LFP/C at 0.1 C increase by 27.10%, reaching 159.29 mAh g−1, and the electrode charge transfer resistance reduce by 88.16%, just 48.32 Ω. compare with the LFP/C. And the P-LFP/C exhibited better discharge capacity at initial 151.78 and 112.11 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 5 C rate, respectively. It is beneficial to the lithium ion escaped and embed in the process of charging and discharging and enhanced the electronic conductivity and rate performance of the cathode materials.
nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is an analysis technique used to evaluate the properties of a material, component, structure or system without causing damage. In this paper, we introduce a novel mixed reality system for NDE training. In particular, we model and simulate the inspected object and the inspection probe. The operator trainees with the wearable headsets are able to move and zoom the inspected object in a mixed environment, i.e., reality with virtual objects overlaid. In addition, the trainees use their gaze, gesture, and voice to control and interact with the virtual objects within the NDE training session. They can also access the help manual in order to follow the training instruction. The system is successfully operated on HoloLens, the state-of-the-art mixed reality headset. Evaluational results demonstrate that the use of mixed reality training provides significant benefit for the potential technician trainees.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuromuscular system leading to complete paralysis and premature death. The multifactorial nature of ALS that involves both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous processes contributes to the lack of effective therapies, usually targeted to a single pathogenic mechanism. RNS60, an experimental drug containing oxygenated nanobubbles generated by modified Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow with elevated oxygen pressure, has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in different experimental paradigms. Since RNS60 interferes with multiple cellular mechanisms known to be involved in ALS pathology, we evaluated its effect in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS.
Application of optically superior, tunable fluorescent nanotechnologies have long been demonstrated throughout many chemical and biological sensing applications. Combined with microfluidics technologies, i.e. on lab-on-a-chip platforms, such fluorescent nanotechnologies have often enabled extreme sensitivity, sometimes down to single molecule level. Within recent years there has been a peak interest in translating fluorescent nanotechnology onto paper-based platforms for chemical and biological sensing, as a simple, low-cost, disposable alternative to conventional silicone-based microfluidic substrates. On the other hand, smartphone integration as an optical detection system as well as user interface and data processing component has been widely attempted, serving as a gateway to on-board quantitative processing, enhanced mobility, and interconnectivity with informational networks. Smartphone sensing can be integrated to these paper-based fluorogenic assays towards demonstrating extreme sensitivity as well as ease-of-use and low-cost. However, with these emerging technologies there are always technical limitations that must be addressed; for example, paper’s autofluorescence that perturbs fluorogenic sensing; smartphone flash’s limitations in fluorescent excitation; smartphone camera’s limitations in detecting narrow-band fluorescent emission, etc. In this review, physical optical setups, digital enhancement algorithms, and various fluorescent measurement techniques are discussed and pinpointed as areas of opportunities to further improve paper-based fluorogenic optical sensing with smartphones.
Countless studies have demonstrated that patients with epilepsy have a significant increase in behavioral disturbances of all kinds, including hyperactivity and inattention. This finding has been demonstrated in studies utilizing observer questionnaires and behavior rating scales, neuropsychological test batteries, and standardized tests of attention such as continuous performance tests. Multiple factors must be considered in the evaluation of a child with epilepsy and hyperactivity or inattention. For instance, inattention could be due to subclinical seizures, undiagnosed learning disabilities, disturbed sleep as a result of a side effect of antiepileptic medication, or due to an attention deficit disorder. Electroencephalographic monitoring is helpful to distinguish between behavioral inattention and partial complex or absence seizures. Electroencephalographic monitoring can also assess subclinical spike frequency, which may affect attention and other aspects of cognitive functioning in various ways, even in the absence of clinical seizures. Most antiepileptic drugs do not adversely affect attention and behavior in therapeutic doses, with the exception of phenobarbital, gabapentin, and topiramate. Some antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and carbamazepine, may even have beneficial effects. The preponderance of evidence suggests that stimulants other than bupropion are safe and effective in the treatment of attention deficit disorder in children with epilepsy, although controlled studies of dextroamphetamine in this population are lacking. So far, atomoxetine has not been demonstrated to have any adverse effect in children with epilepsy.
Mg2Si was synthesized by mechanically activated annealing and evaluated as a negative electrode material. A maximum discharge capacity of 830mAh/g was observed by cycling over a wide voltage window of 5–650mV versus Li, but capacity fade was rapid. Cycling over the range 50–225mV versus Li produced a stable discharge capacity of approximately 100mAh/g. X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments showed that lithium insertion converts Mg2Si into Li2MgSi after lithium intercalation into Mg2Si. Electrochemical evidence of Li–Si reactions indicated that the Li2MgSi structure can be converted to binary lithium alloys with extensive charging.
Enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries requires improved fundamental understanding of the reduction and oxidation of the soluble lithium polysulfide species. To this end, we have designed a ‘donut-shaped’ cell to enable direct optical observation of phase transformations of a liquid polysulfide catholyte to solid lithium sulfide during electrochemical cycling. We use this technique to image the spatio-temporal distribution of the solid lithium sulfide as it deposits on a carbon matrix at different charging rates. These experiments indicate that the reduction and oxidation of polysulfide catholyte occurs as a thin film deposition and growth process during both lithiation and delithiation. We then investigate the ramifications of these morpological changes in terms of mechanical stability by measuring the evolution of stress during discharge of the polysulfide catholyte. The stress measurements indicate that the average stress during discharging decreases with increasing the charging rate, which we attribute to less dense deposition of lithium sulfide at high discharge rates.
Nano-porous nano-silicon (npn-Si) anode for Li-ion battery is a great promise to mitigate problems associated with large volume expansion and pulverization during the charging-discharging cycle. Here we report the synthesis of highly porous Si from MCM-41, through a magnesiothermic reduction ((MR) method. Structural studies confirm the complete conversion of MCM-41 to crystalline silicon from the particle core to the surface. Morphological studies reveal the retention of porous network in the parent compound after reduction. The silicon anode is fabricated using two types of aqueous binders viz Na salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), alginate (Na-Alg) demonstrates good cycling stability and rate performance. Among these, porous silicon with former binder shows a higher initial charge capacity of 2767 mAhg−1 even at a current rate of C/2 and retains 705 mAhg−1 capacity after 500 cycles. While, alginate binder showed much higher initial capacity of 3000 mAhg−1 and retained almost the same capacity as Na-CMC after 10 cycles and beyond. High capacity and reasonably good retention of nano-porous nano-silicon is attributed to (i) the accommodation of the drastic volume change in porous Si to effectively mitigate the mechanical stress, (ii) enhanced electrochemical kinetics and (iii) high Li flux in the porous structure.