batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a simple sonication assisted co-precipitation method. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and BET surface area analysis confirmed the formation of ∼20nm crystallites that constitute ∼200nm nanoclusters. Galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling of the Fe3O4 nanoaprticles in half cell configuration with Li at 100mAg−1 current density exhibited specific reversible capacity of 1000mAhg−1. The cells showed stability at high current charge–discharge rates of 4000mAg−1 and very good capacity retention up to 200 cycles. After multiple high current cycling regimes, the cell always recovered to full reversible capacity of ∼1000mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate.
An enhanced electrochemical performance LiCoO2 cathode was synthesized by coating with various wt.% of La2O3 to the LiCoO2 particle surfaces by a polymeric method, followed by calcination at 923K for 4h in air. The surface-coated materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS/ESCA techniques. XRD patterns of La2O3-coated LiCoO2 revealed that the coating did not affect the crystal structure, α-NaFeO2, of the cathode material compared to pristine LiCoO2. TEM images showed a compact coating layer on the surface of the core material that had an average thickness of about ∼15nm. XPS data illustrated that the presence of two different environmental O 1s ions corresponds to the surface-coated La2O3 and core material. The electrochemical performance of the coated materials by galvanostatic cycling studies suggest that 2.0wt.% coated La2O3 on LiCoO2 improved cycle stability (284 cycles) by a factor of ∼7 times over the pristine LiCoO2 cathode material and also demonstrated excellent cell cycle stability when charged at high voltages (4.4, 4.5 and 4.6V). Impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the enhanced performance of the coated materials is attributed to slower impedance growth during the charge–discharge processes. The DSC curve revealed that the exothermic peak corresponding to the release of oxygen at ∼464K was significantly smaller for the La2O3-coated cathode material and recognized its high thermal stability.
In this work, we report a rational design and facile synthetic process for the construction of a 3-dimensional N, S co-doped reduced holey graphene oxide/carbonized cellulose paper as interlayer in Li–S batteries. The interlayer has a labyrinth-like structure with plenty of nanosized holes to achieve the permselectivity for Li ions and effective intercept for polysulfides. The coin cell with the interlayer shows a high initial discharge capacity of 1263.5 mAh/g at 0.2 C, a low capacity fading rate of 0.0487% per cycle for 300 cycles at 1 C, and an excellent rate performance of 864.6 mAh/g at 2 C. Moreover, this cell also has excellent anti-self-discharge property and a high areal capacity of 6.1 mA h/cm2 at a sulfur loading of 8.1 mg/cm2 using aluminum foil as the current collector. Thus, this work suggests the permselective and multifunctional interlayer as a practical and effective strategy for the application in the high-performance Li–S battery.
Nano porous materials LiFe0.75Mn0.25PO4/C were prepared by sol-gel method. The influences of sintering temperature on particle size, pore size distribution and cycling performance were studied. The results show that ratio of the mesopore in diameter 9.5 nm increases gradually with the increase of sintering temperature. The material sintered at 750 °C has high crystallinity, the particle size under 100 nm, the specific surface area of 80.3m2 g−1, about 3 nm carbon coating, and higher ratio of the mesopore in diameter 9.5 nm. These are beneficial to the diffusion of lithium ion and the transfer of electrons, and high electrochemical performance material has been obtained. The initial discharge specific capacity is 120.28 mAhg−1, it remains 80.71mAhg−1 at 10C after 600 cycles.
Research of flexible and stretchable electronic devices has shown remarkable development due to the remarkable characteristics of graphene. To exploit these characteristics, many devices have been developed using graphene-based hybrid materials or structures. In this paper, we present the electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene and then provide information concerning the various electronic devices fabricated using graphene and its hybrid materials or structures, with special emphasis on stretchable devices.
Background: The glutamate/ketamine model is gathering support as a useful adjunct to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia (Javitt, 2007). One reason being that ketamine is capable of eliciting the cognitive deficits associated with this illness including those seen in semantic memory (Adler et al., 1998; Morgan et al., 2005). Two recent reviews (Rossell & Stefanovic, 2007; Pomerol-Clotet et al., 2008) have found larger than normal indirect semantic priming affects in schizophrenia suggesting an abnormality in implicit access to indirect relationships. In the current study, implicit and explicit tasks were employed to examine access to direct and indirect relationships in the semantic network. The purpose was firstly to see if the indirect priming findings from the schizophrenia literature can be replicated in a ketamine group (providing support for the ketamine model) and secondly, to determine whether such abnormalities are restricted to the indirect, implicit nature of the task or whether they are more wide spread and detectable in explicit and direct tasks. Should ketamine mimic schizophrenia deficits closely, then the answer to the second question will help to determine the nature of the semantic memory deficit in schizophrenia. Methods: This was a double blind placebo controlled cross over design. On one occasion, participants received ketamine, on the other, saline. On each occasion, participants completed a battery of semantic memory tasks along with measures of psychosis and dissociation. Results: The results showed statistically significant indirect priming under the influence of ketamine but no significant indirect priming in the same individuals in the placebo condition. In addition, ketamine only disrupted semantic access significantly on indirect tasks. Discussion: Priming effects under ketamine matched those seen in schizophrenia offering support for the ketamine model. Further, semantic memory deficits were found to be associated with indirect relationships regardless of the implicit/explicit nature of the task.
Systems-of-systems (SoS) are alliances of independent and interoperable software-intensive systems. SoS often support critical domains, being required to exhibit a reliable operation, specially because people’s safety relies on their services. In this direction, simulations enable the validation of different operational scenarios in a controlled environment, allowing a benchmarking of its response as well as revealing possible breaches that could lead to failures. However, simulations are traditionally manual, demanding a high level of human intervention, being costly and error-prone. A stimuli generator could aid in by continuously providing data to trigger a SoS simulation and maintaining its operation.
Li4Ti5O12 is a very promising anode material for lithium secondary batteries. A novel technique has been developed to prepare Li4Ti5O12. The spherical precursor is prepared via an “inner gel” method by TiCl4 as the raw material. Spherical Li4Ti5O12 powders are synthesized by sintering the mixture of spherical precursor and Li2CO3. The investigation of XRD, SEM and the determination of the electrochemical properties show that the Li4Ti5O12 powders prepared by this method are spherical, and have high tap-density and excellent electrochemical performance. It is tested that the tap-density of the product is as high as 1.64gcm−3, which is remarkably higher than the non spherical Li4Ti5O12. Between 1.0 and 3.0V versus Li, a reversible capacity is as high as 161mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.08mAcm−2.
Microfluidic vanadium redox fuel cells are membraneless and catalyst-free fuel cells comprising a microfluidic channel network with two porous carbon electrodes. The anolyte and catholyte for fuel cell operation are V(II) and V(V) in sulfuric acid based aqueous solution. In the present work, the electrochemical characteristics of the vanadium redox reactions are investigated on commonly used porous carbon paper electrodes and compared to a standard solid graphite electrode as baseline. Half-cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is applied to measure the overall ohmic resistance and resistivity of the electrodes. Kinetic parameters for both V(II) and V(V) discharging reactions are extracted from Tafel plots and compared for the different electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry techniques reveal that the redox reactions are irreversible and that the magnitudes of peak current density vary significantly for each electrode. The obtained kinetic parameters for the carbon paper are implemented into a numerical simulation and the results show a good agreement with measured polarization curves from operation of a microfluidic vanadium redox fuel cell employing the same material as flow-through porous electrodes. Recommendations for microfluidic fuel cell design and operation are provided based on the measured trends.
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is one of the major environmental problems of Indian cities. Improper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants. Various studies reveal that about 90% of MSW is disposed of unscientifically in open dumps and landfills, creating problems to public health and the environment. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics, generation, collection and transportation, disposal and treatment technologies of MSW practiced in India. The study pertaining to MSWM for Indian cities has been carried out to evaluate the current status and identify the major problems. Various adopted treatment technologies for MSW are critically reviewed, along with their advantages and limitations. The study is concluded with a few fruitful suggestions, which may be beneficial to encourage the competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present system.
The poor conductivity of anodic carbon materials at low temperature hampers their high-level applications in Li ion batteries (LIBs). Introducing some reliable metals with good electrical conductivity into anodes could alleviate these problems. In this work, the novel composites of Fe-added Fe3C carbon nanofibers (Fe/Fe3CCNFs) were synthesized via facile electrospinning method and used as anode materials for LIBs. The resulting anodes with Fe/Fe3CCNF materials exhibited a high reversible capacity of 500mAhg−1 tested at 200mAg−1 even after 70 cycles and excellent performance at room temperature. Importantly, it delivered a high capacity of 250mAhg−1 at 400mAg−1 even after 55 cycles at a low temperature of −15°C. The superior low-temperature electrochemical performance of the Fe/Fe3CCNF anodes is associated with an improved effect of the highly conducting Fe at low temperature.
The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3; synonymous: extraneuronal monoamine transporter, EMT, Slc22a3) encodes an isoform of the organic cation transporters and is expressed widely across the whole brain. OCTs are a family of high-capacity, bidirectional, multispecific transporters of organic cations. These also include serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine making OCTs attractive candidates for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders. OCT3 has been implicated in termination of monoaminergic signalling in the central nervous system. Interestingly, OCT3 mRNA is however also significantly up-regulated in the hippocampus of serotonin transporter knockout mice where it might serve as an alternative reuptake mechanism for serotonin. The examination of the behavioural phenotype of OCT3 knockout mice thus is paramount to assess the role of OCT3. We have therefore subjected mice lacking the OCT3 gene to a comprehensive behavioural test battery. While cognitive functioning in the Morris water maze test and aggression levels measured with the resident–intruder paradigm were in the same range as the respective control animals, OCT3 knockout animals showed a tendency of increased activity and were significantly less anxious in the elevated plus-maze test and the open field test as compared to their respective wild-type controls arguing for a role of OCT3 in the regulation of fear and anxiety, probably by modulating the serotonergic tone in limbic circuitries.
Polymer Technologies, Inc., a manufacturer of composites for noise control and thermal management, has four formulations of Polyform Molded Products that can be customized to provide precise performance for energy management applications. Noise absorption, transmission loss, vibration damping, and isolation can be achieved in one economical three-dimensional part tailored to meet customers’ specific geometry and design requirements.
Cycle characteristics of conductive sulfur-containing materials (CSMs) synthesized by heating the mixture of polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur at a wider temperature region from 250 to 800°C are presented. The cyclability is improved remarkably for CSMs obtained above 400°C. A stable capacity of CSM prepared at 450°C maintains about 470mAhg−1 and the capacity retention remains ca. 90% after near 380 cycles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman characterizations disclose that the fundamental chemical structure of CSMs is composed of dehydropyridine type matrix with SS bond in side-chain. Such unique structure and better electrical conductivity ensure the excellent cycle performance of the prepared CSMs.
This contribution proposes the usage of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) for the establishment of a decentralised energy storage network. Due to the continually increasing amount of renewable energy within the power grid, in particular in countries of the European Union, a huge demand for storage capacities develops that can hardly be met by large-scale systems alone. Because of their high storage density and good manageability LOHC substances permit the local storage of excess energy in residential and commercial buildings. Following the approach of a CHP system (‘combined heat and power’ or more precisely a ‘combined heat and storage’ system), thermal losses from the storage processes can be used for heating (and cooling) purposes in order to increase the overall efficiency. An evaluation of the economic feasibility identifies possible approaches to generate income from storage operation. The usage of exhaust heat for heating proves to significantly support the business case by providing a considerable financial contribution that is usually not exploitable for centralised storage units.
The study evaluates the capacity fade of commercial 3.25Ah 18650-type cells with NCA cathodes and graphite anodes quantitatively for different temperatures and charging strategies. For standard constant current / constant voltage (CC-CV) charging, the aging rate for cells cycled at 0.5C is increased with decreasing temperature in the range of 25°C to 0°C. Interestingly, no accelerated aging is observed for CC-CV charging in the temperature range of 25°C to 60°C at 0.5C. The observed behavior indicates lithium deposition on anodes for temperatures up to ∼25°C and is further investigated by reconstruction of anode and cathode from the commercial 18650-type cells into full cells with an additional lithium metal reference electrode. The reconstruction method is scrutinized regarding its validity. Measurements with the reconstructed cells at 25°C reveal the quantitative dependency of the anode potential vs. Li/Li+ from the charge C-rate and cell voltage. This allows deriving charging strategies involving strictly positive anode potentials to avoid lithium deposition and preventing the corresponding capacity fade.
A glucose-derived carbon-encapsulated (GC) LiFePO4 (LFP) with internal carbon sheets (IC) composite, GC/IC/LFP, is synthesized by using phytic acid (PhyA) as a special phosphorus source. PhyA plays an important role as a structure-director, complexing agent and antioxidant, and the resulted IC contributes to improving electrochemical properties. The special morphology and microstructure of precursors and final materials are characterized and discussed in detail. The prepared GC/IC/LFP shows not only an excellent cycle performance, but an ultra-high specific capacity of 192mAhg−1 at 0.1C, which exceeds the theoretical capacity of LFP. A remarkable rate performance of 140mAhg−1 at 10C was also achieved. The energy efficiency of GC/IC/LFP can reach nearly 96% at 0.1C.
This study investigates flexible quasi-solid-state SnO2/CNT nanocomposite supercapacitors fabricated using a dc-pulse nitrogen atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The optimal APPJ processing time is merely 15s. Cyclic voltammetry (potential scan rate=2mV/s) shows an areal capacitance of 3.86mF/cm2 when flat and 4.42mF/cm2 under bending (bending radius R =0.55cm), indicating good functionality under flexing. The capacitance retention rate is 98.3% as evaluated after a 1000-cycle cyclic voltammetry test under bending (R =0.55cm), suggesting good operational stability.
The aim of this paper is the application of Life Cycle Assessment to the operation of the MBT facility of Ano Liossia in the region of Attica in Greece. The region of Attica is home to almost half the population of Greece and the management of its waste is a major issue. In order to explicitly analyze the operation of the MBT plant, five scenarios were generated. Actual operation data of the MBT plant for the year 2008 were provided by the region of Attica and the LCA modeling was performed via the SimaPro 5.1 software while impact assessment was performed utilizing the Eco-indicator’99 method. The results of our analysis indicate that even the current operation of the MBT plant is preferable to landfilling. Among the scenarios of MBT operation, the one with complete utilization of the MBT outputs, i.e. compost, RDF, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, is the one that generates the most environmental gains. Our analysis indicates that the exploitation of RDF via incineration is the key factor towards improving the environmental performance of the MBT plant. Our findings provide a quantitative understanding of the MBT plant. Interpretation of results showed that proper operation of the modern waste management systems can lead to substantial reduction of environmental impacts and savings of resources.
In eyewitness studies as in actual investigations, a minority of children generate numerous false (and sometimes incredulous) allegations. To explore the characteristics of these children, we reinterviewed and administered a battery of tasks to 61 children (ages 4–9years) who had previously participated in an eyewitness study where a man broke a “germ rule” twice when he tried to touch them. Performance on utilization, response conflict (Luria tapping), and theory of mind tasks predicted the number of false reports of touching (with age and time since the event controlled) and correctly classified 90.16% of the children as typical witnesses or exuberant (more than 3) false reporters. Results of a factor analysis pointed to a common process underlying performance on these tasks that accounted for 49% of the variability in false reports. Relations between task performance and testimony confirmed that the mechanisms underlying occasional intrusions are different from those that drive persistent confabulation and that deficient cognitive control fuels young children’s exuberant false reports.
An automatic global and direct solar spectral irradiance system has been designed based on two LICOR spectroradiometers equipped with fibre optics and remote cosine sensors. To measure direct irradiance a sun tracker based on step motors has been developed. The whole system is autonomous and works continuously. From the measurements provided by this system a spectral irradiance database in the 330–1100nm range has been created. This database contains normal direct and global horizontal irradiances as well as diffuse irradiance on a horizontal plane, together with total atmospheric optical thickness and aerosol optical depth.
Four different types of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), porous and non-porous CNFs with and without Pt metal nanoparticles, are synthesized by an electrospinning method and their performance in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is characterized. In particular, the Pt-embedded porous CNFs (PCNFs) exhibit a high specific surface area of 670 m2 g−1, a large mesopore volume of 55.7%, and a low electrical resistance of 1.7 × 103. The synergistic effects of the high specific surface area with a large mesopore volume, and superior electrical conductivity result in an excellent specific capacitance of 130.2 F g−1, a good high-rate performance, superior cycling durability, and high energy density of 16.9–15.4 W h kg−1 for the performance of EDLCs.
The gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are currently interesting research area in rechargeable batteries. In the present study, synthesis and characterization of electroactive gel polymer electrolyte (EGPE) for Mg-ion batteries application have been investigated. The bead free electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with high porosity is achieved by an electrospinning process. The β-phase of PVDF is polar and electroactive with a high dipole moment. Electroactive β-phase is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study is done to analyze the structure and morphology of the electroactive membrane. The electroactive gel polymer electrolyte is formed by immersing an electroactive PVDF membrane in 0.3 M magnesium perchlorate (MgClO4) and propylene carbonate (PC) solution. The ionic conductivity of electroactive β-phase PVDF membrane is achieved to be 1.49 mS cm−1 at 30 °C, which is higher than commercial available polypropylene (PP) Celgard. Tortuosity of electroactive gel polymer electrolyte is found to be 1.44. The voltage stability of the EGPE is stable up to a high voltage of 5.0 V against Mg+2/Mg. The total ionic transference number and magnesium ion transference number of EGPE are also investigated to confirm high ionic conductivity.