batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Li-ion secondary rechargeable batteries are becoming the preferred solution to store energy on board of new generation electric and hybrid vehicles or manage renewable energy in stationary applications. However, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are still suffering limited lifetime, high cost and significant safety issues increasing their time to mass market. Thermal runaway is still nowadays considered as a major hazard of LIBs. This multiscale and multistep phenomenon originating at the microscale level potentially leads to uncontrolled fire and explosion of the battery. This work is focused on the development and validation of a 3D physical model of the LIB electro-thermal behavior nearby thermal runaway conditions. A combined modeling and experimental investigation provides a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to thermal runaway of LIBs, and of the ageing influence on this process. One major outcome of this work is also the proven fact that calendar ageing leads to a delayed onset of the cell self-heating temperature with a thermal runaway starting at a lower temperature. This is supported by computer simulations showing that the thickening of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) hinders the diffusion of Li ions, which delays the degradation of the negative electrode and the occurrence of thermal runaway.
The mechanical degradation of a Si powder (∼2 μm) based electrode is investigated by acoustic emission (AE). AE signals are mainly detected during the first lithiation, suggesting that electrode cracking mainly occurs during this period. The formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is not very acoustically emissive, in contrast to the Si particle cracking which is initiated in the early stage of the lithiation in accordance with a core–shell lithiation mechanism. An increase of the AE activity is observed at the end of the discharge when the c-Li15Si4 phase is formed and during the charge when the potential reaches ∼0.45 V, corresponding to the delithiation of c-Li15Si4. From a clustering procedure, three types of signals are identified: type-1 signals consisting of a succession of very short waveforms with high peak frequency (∼700 kHz) are primarily detected when the Si lithiation is initiated and are ascribed to the nucleation of surface microcracks on the Si particles; type-2 signals (peak frequency ∼400 kHz), present all during the Si lithiation, are attributed to the propagation of cracks through the Si particles and into the composite film; type-3 signals (peak frequency ∼200 kHz), detected when the potential reaches 60 mV, are ascribed to the accentuation of the electrode cracking due to the c-Li15Si4 formation.
In this work, the soft-template hydrothermal method is firstly applied to synthesize nanocrystal CuWO4 cubes for the electrode materials in in electrochemical charge storage application. The structures and morphologies of as-obtained materials are characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of the soft-template (P123) and surfactant (Hexamethylenetetramine) also are verified by the electrochemistry test including CV, GCD, EIS. As a result, the CuWO4-PH (synthesis with the assistance of P123 and Hexamethylenetetramine) shows a excellent specific capacitance (Csp) of 302.40mAhg−1 at the current density of 1Ag−1 and a good rate capability (60.7% retension rate of original Csp even at 10Ag−1), as well as cycle life (82.1% retention rate of original Csp after 2000 cycles). These results reveal that our obtained CuWO4-PH could be a promissing electrode material.
Paper-based analytical devices are lightweight, inexpensively produced, effective, and easily disposable; allowing for their suitable implementation in resource-limited areas. They allow effective handling of quantitative analysis in a diverse range of areas, from standard healthcare and environmental monitoring to water quality monitoring. Nonetheless, such devices often require an energy source for their complex assays or readings, preventing their effective use. Most commonly, conventional batteries are integrated into the device to serve as an energy source. However, considering its non-environmentally friendly approach to energy generation and its difficulty of being effectively disposed, a search for a new power source has begun. In light of the newly found potential of cellulose-based entities in the energy field, attention has been drawn towards a supposedly unlikely material: paper. Considering the potentials of such technology, this manuscript aims to describe the benefits of current and future technologies of paper-based devices in the energy sector. Here, we discuss the role of paper as a main platform or part of energy storage and conversion devices such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and alkaline batteries thoroughly.
NiO microspheres with well-defined hollow structure were successfully obtained using spherical yeast as a natural bio-template. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphologically uniform NiO hollow microspheres prepared with yeast template after calcination had an averaged diameter of 1.5–2 μm and the shell thickness of ∼500 nm. The concentration of Ni(NO3)2, calcination temperature and aging time play important roles on the crystal phase and morphologies of the NiO hollow microspheres. Meanwhile, the NiO/C hollow microspheres were successfully fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method using glucose as carbon source. A possible formation mechanism of forming NiO/C hollow microspheres was proposed and the electrochemical performance of the NiO/C hollow microspheres as anode material for Li-ion batteries was investigated. Compared with the samples prepared without template or without carbon coating, the as-prepared NiO/C hollow microspheres show higher discharge capacity and better cycle performance as an anode material in Li-ion batteries.
The rapid development of current wisdom education has become the mainstream that leads the development of education informatization. The development of wisdom education relies on big data network resources to adapt to online teaching resources and online learning environment. Wisdom education can meet the needs of teachers, students, researchers, and the public areas under the support of the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and ubiquitous networks. As a very important part of wisdom education, the wisdom education environment plays a fundamental role in wisdom education. In an intelligent learning environment, personalized learners need to build an efficient community intelligence education model, which acquires and stores the data produced by the learners touching the related physical elements in the intelligent situation through the sensing device. An intelligent learning environment is able to analyze and infer the data and adapt the present educational research according to the individual needs of learners’ program providing “intelligent” learning services. In addition, guided by the system model and design principles of the wisdom education environment, this paper put forward the initial design ideas of the wisdom education inquiry base in order to provide some guidance to the construction of the wisdom education environment. This paper introduces XML language to standardize the representation of learning situation model and illustrates it with a concrete example.
Battery pack modeling is essential to improve the understanding of large battery energy storage systems, whether for transportation or grid storage. It is an extremely complex task as packs could be composed of thousands of cells that are not identical and will not degrade homogeneously. This paper presents a new approach toward battery pack modeling by combining several previously published models into a comprehensive framework. This work describes how the sub-models are connected, their basic principles, what adjustments were necessary, and what new parameters needed to be introduced. Overall, this paper introduces an open modular framework for future work on, among others, the impact of cell-to-cell variations, inhomogeneous degradation, SOC and SOH tracking, balancing and performance forecast.
Currently the effects of bariatric surgery are generally expressed in excess weight loss or comorbidity reduction. Therefore the aim of this review was to provide insight in the available prospective evidence regarding the short and long-term effects of bariatric surgery on Quality of Life (QoL) and a comparison with community norms. A systematic multi-database search was conducted for ‘QoL’ and ‘Bariatric surgery’. Only prospective studies with QoL before and after bariatric surgery were included. The ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Before–After Studies with No Control Group’ was used to assess the methodological quality. Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were assessed to be of ‘fair’ to ‘good’ methodological quality. Ten different questionnaires were used to measure QoL. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years, sample sizes from 26 to 1276 and follow-up rates from 45 to 100%. A significant increase in QoL after bariatric surgery was found in all studies (P⩽0.05), however, mostly these outcomes stay below community norms. Only outcomes of the IWQoL, SF-36 and OWQoL show QoL outcomes that exceed community norms. The QoL is increased after bariatric surgery on both the short and long term. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the generality of the questionnaires is it hard to make a distinction between different surgeries and difficult to see a relation with medical profit. Therefore, tailoring QoL measurements to the bariatric population is recommended as the focus of future studies.
Fuel cell is an environmental friendly cogeneration system with the capability of producing electricity and thermal energy. Thermal energy emitted during the production of electricity can be used to meet the heating loads. The purpose of this study is to analyse the feasibility of the fuel cell based system to be used in Malaysia. The cost effectiveness of using cogeneration system was compared to the conventional grid energy system. Two models of grid-independent and cogeneration system are developed and simulated using HOMER® software to determine the energy required meeting the hourly average electric and thermal loads of the residence. These two models were simulated with and without battery pack options to optimize the utilization of electricity generated by the fuel cell system. The results include a comparison between the energy used in cogeneration systems and the conventional residential energy system. Comparisons of the life cycle cost and the payback period of the cogeneration system to the conventional residential energy systems were also presented. The results indicate that cogeneration systems can reduce the primary energy use by 30–40%.
Si-Ti-Ni alloy (STN) is a promising active material for lithium ion batteries with high coulombic efficiency and stable cycleability since inactive matrix plays an important role in buffer action against large volume changes of Si during charge/discharge reactions. However, there still remain several challenges to apply to electric vehicles due to capacity fading and unstable cycle performances at high current density. In this study, to improve the properties of STN, we modified the surface of STN with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by in-situ polymerization. The modified STN provides many advantages including stable cycleability, low charge transfer resistance, strong adhesion between active materials and active material and current collector, etc. Electrochemical performances are significantly improved after modification; especially under high current density conditions.
A simple hydrothermal method has been provided for synthesis of the MnO2-GO hybrid with birnessite-type manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheet arrays on graphene oxide (GO) flakes. To assess the properties of the as-synthesized hybrid for use in supercapacitors, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) measurements are performed. The MnO2-GO hybrid exhibits enhanced specific capacitance (213 F g−1 at current density of 0.1 A g−1), rate capability (even 80 F g−1 at 10 A g−1) and capacitance retention ratio (98.1% at 1 A g−1 after 1,000 cycles) compared with the GO and MnO2. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrates the electrochemical resistance of MnO2 nanosheet which directly grows on GO is reduced, indicating easier access for intercalation/deintercalation of charges in MnO2-GO hybrid.
We determine the proper placement of the reference electrode for impedance measurements in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries with a three-electrode cell. Calculations of the impedance spectra of the positive and negative electrodes and simulations of the current and potential distributions between them are performed using the finite element method. In the simulation, the positive and negative electrodes are symmetrical face to face. Distortions of the loops and artifact inductive loops are observed in the impedance spectra of the positive and negative electrodes when the reference electrode is between or at the edges of the electrodes. These distortions and the diameter of the artifact inductive loops become small when the reference electrode is positioned outside the area between the positive and negative electrodes. Simulations also demonstrate that current from the positive electrode can flow to the reference electrode and then the negative electrode, i.e., part of the reference electrode facing the positive electrode becomes cathode and part of the reference electrode facing the negative electrode becomes anode. Therefore, the dissolution of reference electrode occurs during impedance measurements in a three-electrode cell and the reference electrode should be placed outside of the area between electrodes, where there is no potential modulation and gradient.
The air source heat pump (ASHP) systems assisted by solar energy have drawn great attentions, owing to their great feasibility in buildings for space heating/cooling and hot water purposes. However, there are a variety of configurations, parameters and performance criteria of solar assisted ASHP systems, leading to a major inconsistency that increase the degree of complexity to compare and implement different systems. A comparative literature review is lacking, with the aim to evaluate the performance of various ASHP systems from three main solar sources, such as solar thermal (ST), photovoltaic (PV) and hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T). This paper thus conducts a systematic review of the prevailing solar assisted ASHP systems, including their boundary conditions, system configurations, performance indicators, research methodologies and system performance. The comparison result indicates that PV-ASHP system has the best techno-economic performance, which performs best in average with coefficient of performance (COP) of around 3.75, but with moderate cost and payback time. While ST-ASHP and PV/T-ASHP systems have lower performance with mean COP of 2.90 and 3.03, respectively. Moreover, PV/T-ASHP system has the highest cost and longest payback time, while ST-ASHP has the lowest ones. Future research are discussed from aspects of methodologies, system optimization and standard evaluation.
The development of hybrid renewable systems is an economically competitive solution to reach energy decarbonization and reduction of greenhouse gasses. Based on the literature, energy, economic and environmental indicators were rarely simultaneously employed in the optimization of a hybrid renewable system. In addition, there is no procedures or a set of indicators to be applied uniformly in all applications for the shared analysis. The paper presents a novel energy-economic-environmental multi-criteria decision-making in the optimization of a hybrid renewable system, based on a new set of dimensionless indicators, proposed as a standard for future applications. The procedure compares the entire PV-wind-battery system configuration with the PV-wind, PV-battery and wind-battery system sub-configurations. A width parametric and multi-optimization analysis permit the identification of the most proper nominal powers of each system component. The procedure proposed was applied in a Mediterranean residential building, demonstrating that some system configurations allow complying simultaneously with at least two of the three energy objectives proposed, the cost-optimal level and the maximum reduction of emissions, for specific values of the load. The solar source was the most suitable both from energy, environmental and economic point of view, while the use of the wind source leads to a greater system operating time in the nominal power conditions. The study pointed out and quantified that, for specific loads, PV, wind and battery powers, the development of specific incentives for wind systems and of battery systems with a higher lifespan can help to make the hybrid systems more economically competitive.
Aquaponics is rapidly developing as the need for sustainable food production increases and freshwater and phosphorous reserves shrink. Starting from small-scale operations, aquaponics is at the brink of commercialization, attracting investment. Arising from integrated freshwater aquaculture, a variety of methods and system designs has developed that focus either on fish or plant production. Public interest in aquaponics has increased dramatically in recent years, in line with the trend towards more integrated value chains, greater productivity and less harmful environmental impact compared to other production systems. New business models are opening up, with new customers and markets, and with this expansion comes the potential for confusion, misunderstanding and deception. New stakeholders require guidelines and detail concerning the different system designs and their potentials. We provide a definitive definition of aquaponics, where the majority (> 50%) of nutrients sustaining the optimal plant growth derives from waste originating from feeding aquatic organisms, classify the available integrated aquaculture and aquaponics (open, domestic, demonstration, commercial) systems and designs, distinguish four different scales of production (≤ 50, > 50–≤ 100 m2, > 100–≤ 500 m2, > 500 m2) and present a definite nomenclature for aquaponics and aquaponic farming allowing distinctions between the technologies that are in use. This enables authorities, customers, producers and all other stakeholders to distinguish between the various systems, to better understand their potentials and constraints and to set priorities for business and regulations in order to transition RAS or already integrated aquaculture into commercial aquaponic systems.
Optical properties of phosphorene are tuned by adsorption of alkali metals (Li and Na) and halogens (Br and Cl). It has been found that on increasing the size of alkali metals and halogen adsorbed phosphorene layer the absorption coefficient reduces and shifts towards visible region. The refractive index in alkali metal adsorbed phosphorene increases with size of phosphorene layer. For halogen adsorbed structure it decreases with increase in size of phosphorene layer. Optical absorption is observed to depend on both dielectric constant and refractive index. Since adsorption of alkali and halogen materials modifies the refractive index of phosphorene, absorption is seen to reduce in all cases where refractive index increases due to adsorption even when the dielectric constant was high.
Attention problems are likely to hinder children in acquiring knowledge of their own and others’ emotions. Children with little knowledge of emotions tend to have difficulties with representing emotions, interpreting them, and sharing them, so that they are likely to spend more time in making sense of them and may thus appear to be inattentive. In order to disentangle the direction of effects between emotion knowledge and attention problems, 576 four- to- six-year-olds were interviewed at T1 and about 12 months later (T2) about their emotion knowledge. Their kindergarten teachers rated their attention problems, and their conduct problems at T1 and T2. A cross-lagged panel model indicates that children’s emotion knowledge at T1 contributed to the explanation of their attention problems at T2, after language ability and attention problems at T1 were controlled. The other cross-path from attention problems (T1) to emotion knowledge (T2) was not significant. Adding gender, behavioral self-regulation, working memory, conduct problems, or SES as alternative explanations by third variables did not alter this direction of effects. How emotion knowledge impinges on attention problems is discussed.
Objective Lack of insight into illness has long been recognized as a central characteristic of schizophrenia. Although recent theories have emphasized neurocognitive dysfunction as a central impairment in schizophrenia it remains unclear whether the lack of insight in schizophrenia is more strongly associated with measures of symptom severity or neuropsychological dysfunction. Methods Seventy-four consecutive inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. All subjects were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS, five-factor model), the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ), and the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Bivariate association and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between insight and both symptoms and neurocognition. Results On bivariate correlation, the positive, negative, disorganized and excited factors of the PANSS showed a negative correlation with insight but there was no significant association between the MCCB total score or any component subscale and insight. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive symptoms, disorganized/concrete symptoms and excited symptoms contributed to awareness of mental illness; positive and disorganized/concrete symptoms were significant contributors to awareness of the need for treatment; but there were no significant associations with the MCCB. Conclusions Insight in this sample of patients with chronic schizophrenia is significantly associated with clinical symptoms but not with neuropsychological functioning.
A thin film of Si was vacuum-deposited onto a 30μm thick Ni foil from a source of n-type of Si, the film thickness examined being 200–1500Å. Li insertion/extraction evaluation was performed mainly with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current charge/discharge cycling in propylene carbonate (PC) containing 1M LiClO4 at ambient temperature. The cycleability and the Li accommodation capacity were found to depend on the film thickness. Thinner films gave larger accommodation capacity. A 500Å thick Si film gave a charge capacity over 3500mAhg−1 being maintained during 200 cycles under 2C charge/discharge rate, while a 1500Å film revealed around 2200mAhg−1 during 200 cycles under 1C rate. The initial charge loss could not be ignored but it could be reduced by controlling the deposition conditions.