batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Dual tasking is an integral part of everyday activities for children. Therefore, as with the other aspects of child development—motor, cognitive, perceptual, psychological, and behavioral—it is important to understand the maturation process of dual-tasking skills in children. Characterizing age-related changes in children’s dual-task performance has been problematic, because differences in dual-tasking ability are confounded by age differences in abilities in the relevant single-task performances. The effect of age on dual-tasking ability was examined in 221 typically developing children aged 5–8 years using two motor–cognitive dual-task paradigms: walking while performing an n-back cognitive task, and drawing a trail while performing an n-back cognitive task. The test–retest reliability of the dual-task paradigm was examined by re-assessing 50 participants after 1 month. Individual differences in single-task performance were controlled for, so that any age differences in dual-task costs could not be attributed to differences in single-task performance. There were no age-related differences in dual-task cost of any task (p > 0.05). However, the dual-task cost of trail-making was significantly greater than the dual-task cost of walking when performed under similar cognitive loads (p < 0.0001). The intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 for all dual-task performances. The results suggest that previously reported age differences in dual-task costs in young children may have been driven by developmental differences in single-task ability, and that general task coordination ability is comparable in children 5–8 years of age.
A chemically modified silicon anode is prepared for application as anode in lithium-ion batteries by covalent attachment of polyacrylic acid to enable self-adhesion between the active material particles. The polyacrylic acid polymer is formed by atom transfer radical polymerization using 1-(bromoethyl)benzene initiator groups initially bonded to a hydrogenated silicon surface. The grafting of 1-(bromoethyl)benzene and polyacrylic acid is confirmed by various material characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance of the silicon anodes is also evaluated by galvanostatic cycling. The chemically modified composite silicon anode (with active material loading of 0.9–1 mg cm−2) showed a significantly improved performance in terms of: gravimetric capacitance (more than 2000 mAh g−1) after 300 cycles and 80% capacity retention with an average 99.6% Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.34 A g−1. However, the unmodified electrode cycled 75 times in the same conditions only retains 46% of its initial capacity with an average 95.1% Coulombic efficiency. The new composite Si electrode performs better at high charge/discharge rate and allows the use of larger proportion of the active material by reducing the amount of binder. It is noteworthy that these composite silicon electrodes are tested without the use of expensive electrolyte additives.
Pre-hospital identification of key subgroups within the suspected stroke population could reduce delays to emergency treatment. We aimed to identify and describe technology with existing proof of concept for diagnosis or stratification of patients in the pre-hospital setting.
We investigated processing of metaphoric sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen healthy subjects (6 female, 11 male) read 60 novel short German sentence pairs with either metaphoric or literal meaning and performed two different tasks: judging the metaphoric content and judging whether the sentence has a positive or negative connotation. Laterality indices for 8 regions of interest were calculated: Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part and triangular part), superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus, temporal pole, and hippocampus. A left lateralised network was activated with no significant differences in laterality between the two tasks. The lowest degree of laterality was found in the temporal pole. Other factors than metaphoricity per se might trigger right hemisphere recruitment. Results are discussed in the context of lesion and hemifield studies.
Wise selection of host materials and judicious design of electrodes are critical for constructing high-performance energy storage devices. Here we report an unusual cathode configuration for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries employing B4C nanowires (BC-NWs) as a skeleton, porous activated cotton textile (ACT) as a flexible carbon scaffold, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a self-adaptive protective shell. This BC-NWs@ACT/S/rGO cathode achieved superlative sulfur confinement and electrochemical performance with excellent cycling stability (over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.5 mA/cm2), an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.056% per cycle) and remarkable capacities at a wide range of discharging rate from 0.1 to 1.5 mA/cm2, demonstrating its potential to achieve high capacity and long cycle life simultaneously in Li-S batteries.
The electrochemical characteristic of solutions of lithium benzolsulfonate in dimethylsulfoxide is considered. DTA/TGA is employed to analyze the thermal stability of salt. The conductivity of solutions was determined. So, for example, conductivity lithium benzolsulfonate in dimethylsulfoxide is 3.8mSm/cm. The area electrochemical stability of solutions is in an interval 4.5–4.6V. Electrochemical properties of lithium manganese oxide spinel in tested solutions were investigated. The charge–discharge capacity of lithium manganese oxide spinel is 65mAhg−1 (in interval of potentials from 3.2 to 4.4V Li/Li+) and 190mAhg−1 (in interval of potentials from 1.8 to 4.0V Li/Li+) for vanadium oxide (V).
The long-term behaviour of lithium ion batteries in high-performance (HP) electric vehicle (EV) applications is not well understood due to a lack of suitable testing cycles and experimental data. As such a generic HP duty cycle (HP-C), representing driving on a race track is validated, and six NMC graphite cells are characterised with respect to cycle-life. To enable a comparison between the HP-EV environment and conventional road driving, two test groups of cells are subject to an experimental evaluation over 200 duty cycles that includes a representative HP-C and a standard duty cycle from the IEC 62660-1 standard (IECC). After testing, both test groups display increased energy capacity, increased pure Ohmic resistance, lower charge transfer resistance an extended OCV operating window. The changes are more pronounced for cells subject to the HP-C. Based on capacity tests, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), pseudo-OCV tests, and Pulse Multisine Characterisation, it is concluded that the changes in cell characteristics are most likely caused by cracking of the electrode material caused by high electrical current pulses. With continued cycling, cells cycled with the HP-C are expected to show degradation at an increased rate due to raised temperatures, and more pronounced electrode cracking.
A novel modification approach for LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 material was investigated in this work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that the coating/blending structure had been constructed successfully by adding Cr8O21 to parent cathode material LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 via a planetary ball milling method. Charge-discharge tests showed that the irreversible capacity loss decreases from 23.9 to −2.4 mAh/g as the content of Cr8O21 increases from 0 to 7.5 wt% in the composite cathode materials. Such decrease could be attributed to the addition of Cr8O21, which served as lithium insertion oxide to hold the Li+ that could not be inserted back into the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 during initial cycle. In addition, charge-discharge tests demonstrated the composite cathodes presented improved cycling capability and rate performance compared to the bare NCM523. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results implied that the increase of capacity retention and rate performance could be mainly attributed to the coating layer, which suppressed the increase in impedance upon cycling by inhibiting the electrolyte/electrode parasitic reaction.
The objective of our study was to identify differences in tennis performance across the national junior ranking. The survey was conducted on the assumption that the position in the national rank is influenced by mental and motor skills. Our study involved a total of 67 athletes, aged between 13 and 18 years (mean age = 15.39, SD = 1.63). The participants were subjected to the focused attention test, Toulouse-Piéron the space guidance test of the CAS battery, the Sport Motivation test SMS – 28 and a coordination test Tapping and Tracing, all aimed to achieve image profiles of junior players. The test results reported substantial differences regarding skills between top athletes and participants of lower national rank.
This paper focuses on the residual-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) in batteries power electronics and chargers. Currently, isolation of multiple faults is performed by generating a bank of residuals, one residual signal for each fault. It is shown that, with a combination of different residual evaluation functions, various battery and electronics faults, including battery short/open circuit, sensor biases, input voltage drop, and switches short/open circuit, can be detected and isolated by using the magnitude and slope of a residual signal or its norm that is generated from the battery voltage. In this paper, the constant-current constant-voltage (CCCV) battery chargers based on buck and boost converters are studied. The FDI systems with observer- and historical-based residual generation methods are designed and simulation results are discussed.
Zirconia and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are common materials for artificial joints. However, the failure of artificial joints is mainly caused by the wear of UHMWPE. Therefore, the development of effective measures to enhance the service life of UHMWPE is one of the most important facets of research on total joint replacement. The purpose of this study is to use an atmospheric-pressure plasma system to modify zirconia and UHMPWE surfaces, which is expected to increase the adsorption of joint-lubricating fluids, thus reducing the abrasion and wear of UHMWPE (73% improvement). Surface modification experiments were carried out using an atmospheric-pressure plasma system, while fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the surfaces treated with atmospheric-pressure plasma. The results of water contact angle tests indicated that the plasma-treated material surfaces exhibited excellent hydrophilicity (70% improvement). In addition, the treatment of materials with atmospheric plasma was confirmed to increase the adsorption of lubricating fluid and reduce wear, thus extending the service life of UHMWPE.
This study examined the time course of object naming in 21 individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (8 agrammatic (PPA-G); 13 logopenic (PPA-L)) and healthy age-matched speakers (n =17) using a semantic interference paradigm with related and unrelated interfering stimuli presented at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of −1000, −500, −100 and 0ms. Results showed semantic interference (SI) (i.e. significantly slower RTs in related compared to unrelated conditions) for all groups at −500, −100 and 0ms, indicating timely spreading activation to semantic competitors. However, both PPA groups showed a greater magnitude of SI than normal across SOAs. The PPA-L group and six PPA-G participants also evinced SI at −1000ms, suggesting an abnormal time course of semantic interference resolution, and concomitant left hemisphere cortical atrophy in brain regions associated with semantic processing. These subtle semantic mapping impairments in non-semantic variants of PPA may contribute to the anomia of these patients.
Few layer graphene is a promising cathode material for aluminum-ion batteries that use chloroaluminate (AlCl4 -) ionic liquids as the electrolyte. A fundamental understanding of interactions between the few layer graphene cathode and the ionic liquid electrolyte is key for realizing the full potential of these systems. Through in situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we show that the cathode is capable of achieving stage-one intercalation within the operating voltage window, leading to improved cell performance. We also show that the presence of structural defects in few layer graphene such as pores induced via plasma exposure or nitrogen dopants can deteriorate the cell performance by either decreasing the electrical connectivity or precluding stage-one intercalation respectively. The cathodes made with highly crystalline few layer graphene display high power and energy densities (~ 200Whkg−1 at 200Wkg−1 and ~ 160Whkg−1 at 5000Wkg−1), and are stable with no loss in performance up to 1000 cycles while fully charging to 2.4V.
This study investigates the influence of the organic expander component (Vanisperse A) and of BaSO4 on the performance of negative lead-acid battery plates on high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycling. Batteries operating in the HRPSoC mode should be classified as a separate type of lead-acid batteries. Hence, the additives to the negative plates should differ from the conventional expander composition. It has been established that lignosulfonates are adsorbed onto the lead surface and thus impede the charge processes, which results in impaired reversibility of the charge–discharge processes and hence shorter cycle life on HRPSoC operation, limited by sulfation of the negative plates. BaSO4 exerts the opposite effect: it improves the reversibility of the processes in the HRPSoC mode and hence prolongs the cycle life of the cells. The most pronounced effect of BaSO4 has been registered when it is added in concentration of 1.0wt.% versus the leady oxide (LO) used for paste preparation. It has also been established that BaSO4 lowers the overpotential of PbSO4 nucleation. The results of the present investigation indicate that BaSO4 affects also the crystallization process of Pb during cell charging. Thus, BaSO4 eventually improves the performance characteristics of lead-acid cells on HRPSoC cycling.
Schizophrenia is associated with heterogeneity in symptoms, cognition and treatment response. Probabilistic association learning, involving a gradual learning of cue–outcome associations, activates a frontal-striatal network in healthy adults. Studies of probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia have shown frontal-striatal dysfunction although considerable heterogeneity in performance has also been reported. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to improve probabilistic association learning in healthy adults. The aim of the current study was to determine the extent to which anodal tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex would reverse probabilistic association learning deficits in schizophrenia. Prior to tDCS, 20 people with schizophrenia performed an initial baseline assessment without stimulation. Anodal tDCS was administered continuously for 20min at an intensity of 2.0mA to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a single-blind, counterbalanced, sham-controlled, cross-over design while participants performed 150 trials of a probabilistic association learning test. Although anodal tDCS failed to improve probabilistic association learning based on the whole sample performance, greater variance in the active relative to the sham conditions suggested a subset of people may respond to treatment. Further correlation, regression and cluster analyses revealed differential effects of baseline performance on active tDCS and sham treatment and that there was a subset of people with schizophrenia who displayed improvement with tDCS suggesting that anodal tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may facilitate access to existing prefrontal cortex neural reserves in people with schizophrenia who show adequate capacity to learn at baseline.
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thin films are deposited by dc-ion beam sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures and different substrate temperatures. In order to investigate, how these two parameters influence the atomic structure, the specimens are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterization of the films is done by cyclic voltammetry and chrono-potentiometry. To determine an averaged chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium, a method is developed, evaluating c-rate tests. The results obtained by this method are compared to results obtained by the well established galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), which is used to determine a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient of lithium in LTO.
The influence of quinone structures related to the formation of the “colloidal deposit” on Pb electrode immersed into water containing lignin preparations or pure organic compounds has been investigated. It was found that quinone structures in lignin preparations, as well as in pure organic compounds, play an important role in the formation of the “colloidal deposit”.
Presenting Author details:adriano.zanello@hcuge.ch rue de Lausanne, 67, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 716 4444; fax: +41 22 716 4499. Background: Beside symptoms, neurocognitive (NC) and Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments are common features in schizophrenic disorders, but their relations with patients' poor social functioning remain unclear. Thus, this study examined further which one of these domains predicts social outcome in schizophrenia. Methods: Twenty three outpatients with schizophrenic disorders according to DSM-IV were administered a) a neurocognitive battery examining verbal memory (RAVLT), attention (d2), executive functioning (WCST) and general intellectual abilities (PM 38), b) six ToM stories measuring comprehension, ToM 1st order, ToM 2nd order response and explanation, c) social problem solving skills (AIPSS) and d) social functioning measures (ERA, QFS). BPRS examined patients' symptoms severity. Results: Exploratory linear regressions shown that none of the predictors explained the variance of AIPSS variables, while RAVLT learning, PM 38, ToM 2nd order response and explanation and BPRS Resistance dimension accounted for 11% to 17% of variances in the models concerning social functioning dependant variables. In addition, demographic variables contributed for 0% to 45% of variance. Conclusions: Thus, different factors can lead to social difficulties in patients with schizophrenic disorders. These results are consistent with recent literature. Our findings confirm that patients with schizophrenic disorders need cognitive remediation in specific domains and ToM as well as psychosocial interventions (e.g. social skills).
The solid solutions LiCoO2–LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2–Li2MnO3 with higher Mn content have been prepared by a spray drying method between 750 and 950°C and their electrochemical performances have also been characterized. The effects of the Li content on the structure and electrochemical performance of the samples have been studied. It was found that their lattice parameters a, c and V increase with the increase in Ni content and the decrease in Co content. The solid solutions xLiCoO2–yLiNi1/2Mn1/2O2–(1−x−y)Li2MnO3 with x =0.18, 0.27 and y =0.2 have the largest discharge capacity, which is more than 200mAh/g in the voltages of 3.0–4.6V. It is believed that the optimum Co content x in xLiCoO2–yLiNi1/2Mn1/2O2–(1−x−y)Li2MnO3 is between 0.2 and 0.3 in the charge–discharge voltage range of 3.0–4.6V. The solid solutions xLiCoO2–yLiNi1/2Mn1/2O2–(1−x−y)Li2MnO3 with x =0.18–0.36 and y =0.2 have the excellent cycling performance and the capacity retention attains to almost 100% after 50 cycles. Moreover, it is found that the discharge capacity gradually increases with the increment of cycle number especially in the initial 10 cycles. XRD showed that the layered structure has been kept all the time in 20 cycles, which is perhaps the reason why the sample has the excellent cycling performance.
The present communication reports on the first preparation of Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes array on Ni foam, carried out by hydrothermal treatment of Ni foam in acidic medium without the presence of extra nickel salt. We further demonstrate the application of such Ni(OH)2/Ni foam as a binder-free electrode material for supercapacitors. It is found that it can deliver high capacities of 1228F/g and 918F/g at 5A/g and 30A/g, respectively, with excellent cycling stability.
Abstract Throughout history, the heart has been associated not only with its life-sustaining function but also with its close ties to the human emotions. In this literature and Internet review, we attempt to gather and organize information from both of these perspectives as they relate to the heart in the following 11 categories: (1) fun facts, (2) medical photography, (3) history, (4) languages (etymology), (5) nonmedical English expressions, (6) death, (7) the arts, (8) movie titles, (9) song titles, (10) Shakespeare, and (11) the Bible. Part 1 will cover the first five topics, and Part 2 will cover the last six topics. These data may be useful to those who are engaged in teaching about the cardiovascular system.
Sulfur has the highest redox capacity in all the solid electrode materials but its application for Li-S batteries is restricted by its poor cycleability due to the dissolution of its polysulfide intermediates produced during charge and discharge reactions. To solve this problem, we proposed a new strategy to suppress the dissolution of the polysulfide intermediates and the agglomeration of the discharge products through surface-modification of the sulfur electrode by in-situ electropolymerized poly(N-methylpyrrole) (PNMP). The PNMP-modified sulfur electrode exhibits stable surface morphology during charge and discharge, effectively depressing the structural collapse of the sulfur electrode. The charge-discharge measurements reveal that the PNMP-modified S/C electrode can deliver the same high reversible capacity as the bare electrode but demonstrate a much improved cycling stability with excellent capacity retention of 78.1% over 200 cycles with respect to the discharge capacity in the third cycle, considerably higher than that of the bare electrode (59.8%). In addition, this surface modification method is simple and affordable, providing a feasible way for improving the long-term cycleability of Li-S batteries.
Scrupulous design and fabrication of advanced anode materials are of great importance for developing high-performance lithium ion batteries. Herein, we report a facile strategy for construction of free-standing and free-binder 3D porous carbon coated MoS2/nitrogen-doped graphene (C-MoS2/N-G) integrated electrode via a hydrothermal-induced self-assembly process. The preformed carbon coated MoS2 is strongly anchored on the porous nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel architecture. As an anode for lithium ion batteries, the C-MoS2/N-G electrode delivers a high first discharge capacity of 1600 mAh g−1 and maintains 900 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Impressively, superior high-rate capability is achieved for the C-MoS2/N-G with a reversible capacity of 500 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 4000 mA g−1. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism of the obtained integrated electrode is investigated by ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy in detail.