batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper investigates the possibility of introducing subcutaneous microchip radio frequency identification device (RFID) in medicine and health care. Microchips are used for many years for different purposes in production and sale, medicine and also to identify some domestic animals. In the study we were interested in whether people in Slovenia would be willing to use subcutaneous microchip and under what conditions. This paper presents the preliminary results of study carried out from January to March 2014. The results show that there is potential for use of RFID implantable microchip in health care also in Slovenia. The attitude of respondents toward adoption of microchips depends on their personal characteristics and on characteristic of microchip. The biggest concern of the respondents was the possibility of GPS tracking of microchip.
Proper placement of electric vehicle supply equipment (charging stations) requires an understanding of vehicle usage patterns. Using data from the National Household Travel Survey on vehicle mileage and destination patterns, analyses were performed to determine electric vehicles' charging needs, as a function of battery size and state of charge. This paper compares electric vehicle charging needs with Department of Energy electric vehicle charging data from real-world charging infrastructure. By combining the electric vehicles charging needs with charging data from real-world applications, locations with high electric vehicle charging likelihood are identified.
Na x Cu0.11Mn0.89O2 (x=0.4–0.5) with the Na0.44MnO2 structure was prepared by sol–gel, glycine–nitrate combustion synthesis and solid-state routes. Li0.45−x Cu0.11Mn0.89O2 was prepared by ion exchange from the glycine–nitrate sodium-containing precursor. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction power patterns indicates that Cu substitutes in the Mn3-position. The electrochemical characteristics of Li x Cu0.11Mn0.89O2 are changed by Cu-substitution, resulting in a somewhat lower capacity between fixed voltage limits compared to the unsubstituted material.
There are numerous studies examining the effects of tryptophan on behavioral processes, including learning and memory. While most studies suggest that fluctuations in tryptophan levels exert their effects through modifications in serotonergic neurotransmission, there are other neural mechanisms that have accounted for the observed outcomes as well. In this study, we demonstrated that acute administration of tryptophan modulates spatial and object-recognition memory independent of its role as a serotonin precursor. One possible explanation for the observed improvement in memory is through the interaction between tryptophan and microtubule proteins. Microtubules are key components involved in the morphological and functional development of neurons. Moreover, several models suggest that microtubule dynamics contributes to neural network connectivity, information processing, and memory storage. Here, we examined the interaction between tryptophan and microtubules and indicated that tryptophan is capable of a creating a static interaction with the tubulin dimer through a single binding site. This interaction induces the rate of tubulin assembly and as a result increases polymer mass.
Logopenic primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is a progressive language disorder characterized by anomia, difficulty repeating complex sentences, and phonological errors. The majority, although not all, lvPPA patients have underlying Alzheimer’s disease. We aimed to determine whether clinical or neuroimaging features differ according to the deposition of Aβ on Pittsburgh-compound B PET in lvPPA. Clinical features, patterns of atrophy on MRI, hypometabolism on FDG-PET, and white matter tract degeneration were compared between six PiB-negative and 20 PiB-positive lvPPA patients. PiB-negative patients showed more asymmetric left-sided patterns of atrophy, hypometabolism and white matter tract degeneration, with greater left anteromedial temporal and medial prefrontal involvement, than PiB-positive patients. PiB-positive patients showed greater involvement of right temporoparietal and frontal lobes. There was very little evidence for clinical differences between the groups. Strikingly asymmetric neuroimaging findings with relatively preserved right hemisphere may provide clues that AD pathology is absent in lvPPA.
This study conducted roadside particulate sampling to measure the total suspended particulate (TSP), PM10 (particles <10μm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM2.5 (particles <2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentration in 11 urbanized and densely populated districts in Hong Kong. One hundred and thirty-three samples were obtained to measure the mass concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5. According to these results, the TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations varied from 94.85 to 301.63μgm−3, 67.67 to 142.68μgm−3 and 50.01 to 125.12μgm−3, respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio of all samples was 0.82 which ranged from 0.62 to 0.95. The PM levels and PM ratios in metropolitan Hong Kong significantly fluctuated from site-to-site and over time. The PM2.5 mass concentration in different districts corresponding to urban industrial, new town, urban residential and urban commercial were 77.64, 87.50, 106.96 and 88.54μgm−3, respectively. The PM2.5 level is high in Hong Kong, and for individual sampling, more than 60% daily measurements exceeded the NAAQS. The mass fraction of PM2.5 in PM10 and TSP is relatively high when compared with overseas studies.
A dynamic model of a discrete reversible fuel cell (RFC) system has been developed in a Matlab Simulink® environment. The model incorporates first principles dynamic component models of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, a PEM electrolyzer, a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, and a cooling system radiator, as well as empirical models of balance of plant components. Dynamic simulations show unique charging and discharging control issues and highlight factors contributing to overall system efficiency.
Hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes@C/graphene ternary composites with a three-dimensional triple buffering structure are prepared by two hydrothermal processes followed by a calcined process. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the ternary composites were investigated by means of XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET, BJH, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical measurements. The hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes are coated with carbon layer and then supported by graphene sheets to form a 3D carbon conductive network. Compared with the hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes@graphene binary composites, the hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes@C binary composites, the hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes and the solid Zn2SnO4 cubes, the hollow Zn2SnO4 boxes@C/graphene ternary composites show an enhanced electrochemical performance (726.9 mAh g−1 at a current density of 300 mA g−1 after 50 cycles) and high rate capability. With the unique structure design, this kind of composites with excellent electrochemical properties can be a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
SnHPO4 was synthesized by precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The discharge curve of electrochemical cells using SnHPO4 as active cathode material and metallic lithium as anode showed a first reduction step at ca. 1.5 V. X-ray diffraction patterns of lithiated samples showed very weak bands ascribable to metallic tin. For the voltage values lower than 0.8 V the well-known Li–Sn alloy formation takes place. An intermediate step appears in the range from 1.2 to 0.8 V. The capacity retention is stabilized after 10 cycles at ca. 200 mAh/g.
Trifunctional catalysts show a great potential for use in a power-to-gas water-splitting devices for hydrogen gas production, powered by an integrated rechargeable zinc-air battery. None of the currently available commercial electrocatalysts is low cost, and they do not possess excellent catalytic activity and durability at the same time, which is the main barrier to the broad implementation of these technologies. Herein, we design and develop a novel nanostructured trifunctional electrocatalyst that is capable of catalyzing oxygen/hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. The combination of non-precious Co, Co9S8, and S, N co-doped graphitic carbon synergistically provides highly active sites for efficient catalytic reactions, while the unique tubular morphology and hierarchically porous microstructure not only benefit fast access to active sites but also ensure a robust composite structure for durability. When applied to zinc-air batteries and water splitting, these systems exhibit performance superior to those of commercial precious electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt/C and Ir/C).
Research in the area of school mental health (SMH) has undergone rapid evolution and expansion, and as such, studies require the use of diverse and emerging methodologies. In parallel with the increase in SMH research studies has been greater realization of the complex research methods needed for the optimal measurement, design, implementation, analysis, and presentation of results. This paper reviews key steps needed to effectively study SMH research questions. Considerations around research designs, methods for describing effects and outcomes, issues in measurement of process and outcomes, and the foundational role of school and community research partnerships are discussed within the context of SMH research studies. Ongoing developments within SMH research methods are presented as illustrative examples.
This research is aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a piezoelectric thinfilm (PETF) based, implantable and self-powered monitor for blood pressure (BP) through theoretical, in vitro and in vivo studies. A 3-dimensional simulation model revealed that both the stresses of aorta wall and the generated electric potential by device were proportional to systolic BP. With an in vitro testing system, an excellent linearity (R 2>0.99) was achieved between the peak output voltage of device and flow pressure, with a high-sensitivity of 173mV/mmHg which is significantly higher than reported results. A maximum instantaneous power of 2.3μW was reached in vitro, indicating a robust self-powered capability. Excellent stability of the device was also achieved for more than 50,000 operating cycles. In vivo experiment was carried out in adult Yorkshire porcine. A favorable linearity (R 2=0.971) with a sensitivity of 14.32mV/mmHg was obtained, and the device output a maximal instantaneous power of 40nW in vivo. Based on these characteristics of the device, we established an implantable, self-powered and visualized blood pressure monitoring system for in vitro and in vivo demonstration. A hypertension status could be alarmed visually in real-time using this system, without a built-in battery. Integrated with a coupling function of energy harvesting and biomedical sensing, this new technique shows a promising perspective in the field of the implantable healthcare monitoring.
Amorphous or glassy materials may be used as electrolyte or electrode materials for lithium primary or secondary batteries. A first generation proceeded from classical coin cells in which the organic electrolyte was replaced by a high lithium conductive glassy electrolyte. The solid components were assembled under isostatic pressure. The main advantages of such cells are a good storage stability and ability to operate until 200°C. Nevertheless, the high resistivity of the glassy electrolyte below room temperature and a limited depth for charge and discharge cycles makes these cells not competitive compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. More promising, are the thin films solid state microbatteries realised by successive depositions of electrodes and electrolyte. The low resistance of the electrolyte amorphous layer allows cycling at temperatures as low as −10°C. The total thickness of thin film batteries, including packaging is less than 100μm. A capacity of about 100μAhcm−2 with over 104 charge–discharge cycles at 90% in depth of discharge is well suited for energy independent smart cards or intelligent labels, which represent for these devices a large and unrivalled market.
Laterality of reasoning processes have long been a source of investigation. Differing formats of verbal and spatial reasoning tasks have meant it has not been possible to extricate true performance level from artefacts of input and output modalities. The Verbal and Spatial Reasoning Test (VESPAR) offers this opportunity, by virtue of matched sets of verbal and spatial inductive reasoning problems. Two series of 40 patients with unilateral left and right hemisphere lesions were tested on two verbal and two spatial subtests of the VESPAR, together with a battery of baseline tests. The performance of the left and right hemisphere lesion cases was compared with a normal standardisation sample. Whereas only the left hemisphere group failed the verbal sections, both left and right hemisphere groups failed the spatial sections. The influence of aphasia on spatial reasoning was considered to be an incomplete explanation for the failure of the left hemisphere group on the spatial sections. It is concluded that this investigation provides firmer evidence of a crucial role for the left hemisphere in both verbal and spatial abstract reasoning processes.
V2(PO4)O is a novel promising anode material because of its stable crystal structure, low cost, and environmentally friendliness. However, its low electronic and ionic conductivity result in poor specific capacity and rate performance, hindering its industrial application. In this study, V2(PO4)O/C@CNT hollow spheres (HSs) with a core–shell structure were successfully synthesized by a simple spray drying method. Pluronic® F-127 acted as a carbon source and template, and induced the V2(PO4)O particles to form HSs. The V2(PO4)O/C@CNT HSs were composed of uniform HSs of about 0.4–0.6 μm in diameter and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The HS structure enhances the electronic conductivity and lithium ion transport rate of V2(PO4)O/C materials and thus helps improve the electrochemical performance. CNTs not only increase the electronic conductivity and lithium ion transport rate, but also hinder the aggregation of the HSs. These activities enhance the electrochemical performance. The lithium ion storage behavior of V2(PO4)O/C@CNT HSs is systematically studied in the potential range 0.01–3.0V. The V2(PO4)O/C@CNT HS anode can achieve a high reversible capacity of 894.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and can obtain a reversible capacity of 490.4 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 5 A g−1, perhaps the best electrochemical performance demonstrated so far for a V2(PO4)O anode material (specific capacity and rate performance), indicating its promise for application as an anode material in advanced lithium-ion batteries.
ZnMoO4/reduced graphene oxide composites (ZnMoO4/rGO) were successfully prepared by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method, in which the synthesis of ZnMoO4 irregular plate-like crystals and the reduction of graphene oxide to rGO were simultaneously achieved. The XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA and XPS measurements were performed to illustrate the structure properties of as-prepared ZnMoO4 and ZnMoO4/rGO. It has been demonstrated that the ZnMoO4/rGO composites exhibits excellent electrochemical performance of high capacity and good stability as the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The initial discharge capacity is 2391.2mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1. During the cycle performance test, the discharge capacity increased from the second cycle capacity of 1030mAhg−1 to 1454.4mAhg−1 after 26 cycles at 100mAg−1. And after 100 cycles, the retention of capacity is 61.36%. The advanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the introduction of rGO sheets, which could greatly increase the conductivity of active materials and provide the electrons transfer paths for the ZnMoO4/rGO electrode. Besides, the rGO sheet wrapped ZnMoO4 crystals would buffer the volume changes during charge-discharge cycles.
A novel 3D nanostructure consisting of Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and reduced graphene oxide with an extremely high electrocapacitance is described. The nanostructure consists of CNTs with embedded Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles as pillars for reduced graphene oxide sheets. Electrochemical results show that the composite displays specific capacitances as high as 1235 and 780 F g−1 at current densities of 1 and of 20 A g−1, respectively. In addition, the composite retains 80% of its original capacity after 500 cycles at a discharge current density of 10 A g−1. This 3D pseudocapacitor electrode has a number of important features, such as fast ion and electron transfer, easy access of pseudoactive species and efficient utilization, and excellent reversibility of Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles.
In this study, we reported the design and application of hierarchical porous Graphdiyne Nanowall (GDY−NW) for energy storage device as lithium−ion batteries (LIBs) and capacitors (LICs). The unique hierarchical porous with the presence of butadiyne linkages comprising sp− and sp2− hybridized carbon atoms reinforces not only providing rich active sites for lithium storage, but also the efficient pathways for fast ion diffusion. Future more, the stable SEI layer formed on the GDY−NW surface after the initial cycle which can effectively reduce the resistance of interface and thus stable the circulating batteries, confirmed directly through the in−situ Raman measurement. The GDY−NW electrodes exhibit a reversible capacity of approximately 908mAhg−1 at 0.05A g−1, excellent cyclic stability with retention of 526mAhg−1 at large rate of 1Ag−1 after 1000 cycles applied as anode for LIBs. Thus GDY−NW films could deliver a capacitance more than 189Fg−1 over 10000 cycles at 1Ag−1 for LICs with active carbon cathode and exhibit an initial specific energy as high as 217 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 100W kg−1, presenting the benefit of the unique hierarchical porous structure comprising amount of macro, meso− and micro−pores, for thus high performance capability and cyclicity for renewable energy lithium storage.
In this paper we examine the dynamic relationship between income, trade, and environmental quality as measured by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, disaggregated by source (oil, gas, and coal). Using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2006, 21 countries, including G7, BRIC, and middle and low income economies, we consistently find the existence of a long-run relationship between income, trade, and carbon emissions (from oil in particular). This is important because the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently determined that CO2 emissions indeed pose a threat to human health and welfare.
Systematic characterization of longitudinal tau variability in human Alzheimer’s disease using an unbiased subtyping algorithm reveals four trajectories of tau deposition with distinct clinical features.
We report on the electrochemical performance of 500F, 1100F, and 2200F lithium-ion capacitors containing carbonate-based electrolytes. First and second generation lithium-ion capacitors were cycled at temperatures ranging from −30°C to 65°C, with rates from 5C to 200C. Unlike acetonitrile-based electric double-layer capacitors, whose performance has been reported to be relatively insensitive to temperatures between −30°C and 40°C, lithium-ion capacitor performance degrades at low temperatures and displays characteristics typical of a lithium-ion battery. Three-electrode lithium-ion capacitor cycling tests revealed that reduced capacity at low temperatures is due to the polarization of the lithiated, negative electrode. The self-discharge of cells at the various temperatures was studied and compared to an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion battery cell. Lithium-ion capacitors and batteries were observed to have significantly lower self-discharge rates than electric double-layer capacitors. Accelerating rate calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to assess the thermal runaway behavior of full cells along with the thermal properties of the cell components. Our study showed that the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion capacitor is in between those of an electric double-layer capacitor and a lithium-ion battery.
Background: Cognitive impairment in the form of decreased working memory and executive functions has been recognized as a key deficit in schizophrenia. Neurotropic viruses have been associated with focal gray matter deficits in patients with schizophrenia. We evaluated whether such agents alter cognitive function in schizophrenia. Methods: The sample consisted of 329 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We evaluated associations between exposure to selected agents (Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1, HSV2 respectively) cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii) and scores on the Trail Making Test (TMT), controlling for relevant variables. Results: Serological evidence of exposure to CMV was associated with impaired performance on TMT part A time to completion (p =0.044), a measure of visual search, working memory, and psychomotor speed. Both CMV and HSV1 were significantly associated with increased errors on TMT part B (p <0.001 for both viruses). HSV2 and T. gondii exposure measures were not associated with any of the cognitive functions evaluated using TMT. Conclusions: Both CMV and HSV1 are associated with impaired cognitive function in schizophrenia as measured by the TMT. Further analyses to evaluate the impact of other illness related variables including genetic variants are warranted.
In this paper, a Li2MnSiO4/carbon/graphene (LMS/C/G) composite is synthesized by a facile one-step synthesis method and shows superior high-rate performances as the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In the LMS/C/G composite, carbon coated Li2MnSiO4 particles, with sizes of 20–30nm, are uniformly anchored on graphene nanosheets. When assembled as the cathodes of LIBs and charge–discharged at the high rates of 1C, 2C, 5C and 10C (1C=166mAg−1), the specific discharge capacities of the LMS/C/G composite can reach 210, 181, 143, and 109mAhg−1, respectively. These electrochemical performances are much better than the performances of the Li2MnSiO4 composites that simply coated with carbon (LMS/C) or merely wrapped by graphene sheets (LMS/G). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows that, compared with composites LMS/G and LMS/C, composite LMS/C/G has smaller charge-transfer resistance through the solid-electrolyte interfaces and faster lithium ions diffusion coefficient in the cathode materials. These much improved electronic and ionic conductivities should account for the superior high-rate performances of the LMS/C/G composite.
The preparation of mesoporous tungsten trioxide from tungstic acid and tungstic hexaethoxide precursors containing an added organic stabiliser via a sol–gel method is reported. The effect of annealing temperature and precursor species on the photoelectrochemical performance and the electrochromic colouration efficiencies has been discussed with the help of the characterisation of crystalline structure (through Raman microscopy) and surface morphology (through SEM imaging). To cite this article: R. Solarska et al., C. R. Chimie 9 (2006) .
Nickel-cobalt oxide is synthesized in combination with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (Er-GO) by one-step electrodeposition on stainless steel followed by thermal treatment. The presence of reduced graphene oxide leads to enhanced electrochemical response, with a capacity increase from 113 mA h g−1 to 180 mA h g−1, and to increased faradaic efficiency and rate capability. Compared to Ni-Co oxide, the addition of reduced graphene oxide increases capacity retention from 58% to 83% after 5000 cycles. The material fade during cycling is studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, different degradation mechanisms are identified as source of the capacity decay, such as microstructural cracking, phase transformation and parasitic reactions.