batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
To examine the preliminary effects of meta-cognitive strategy training for individuals with acute stroke. Pre-post non-randomized comparison study. Inpatient rehabilitation units within the same academic health center. We recruited participants who demonstrated cognitive impairment (Executive Interview>4 and Symbol Digit Modalities Test >1 standard deviation below norms) after acute stroke. We excluded individuals with severe aphasia (Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination < 2), pre-morbid diagnoses of dementia, current major depressive or bipolar disorder, recent alcohol/drug abuse, or psychosis. We administered either a meta-cognitive strategy training (Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance, CO-OP) or an attention control session (discussion group, AC) every weekday of the length of stay, in addition to usual inpatient rehabilitation. Since we expected that CO-OP might influence the rest of the usual inpatient rehabilitation in a given unit, participants on one unit received CO-OP (n=4) and participants on the other unit received AC (n=5). To describe the sample, we administered measures of cognitive function (Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status, Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System), motor function (Chedoke McMaster Assessment Impairment Inventory), and mood (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Apathy Evaluation Scale). To measure outcomes, we administered the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at rehabilitation admission and discharge. Mean FIM admission scores were similar between groups, but there was greater variability in the AC group (CO-OP: M=64.5, SD=9.7; AC: M=65.6, SD=22.5). Mean FIM change scores differed between groups (CO-OP: M=25.8, SD=9.1; AC: M=15.0, SD=8.3) and although this difference was not statistically significant (Mann Whitney U=4.0; p=.14), it was associated with a moderate effect size (Cohen's d=.5). Meta-cognitive strategy training is feasible in acute stroke and is associated with promising preliminary outcomes (FIM) among individuals with cognitive impairment engaged in inpatient rehabilitation.
Increasing demand for high energy density in Li-ion batteries has fueled intensive efforts for the search of high specific capacity anode materials to replace the carbon anodes. Among transition metal oxides, nanostructured Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was found to be one of the better anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, the processing routes employed so far have been able to produce different kinds of nanostructured Co3O4 powders, which then require further processing to obtain battery electrodes. Here, we propose a single step and industrial scale solution precursor plasma technique to develop nanostructured, porous and flexible Co3O4 electrodes directly on current collectors. In this process, an aqueous solution precursor comprising of cobalt acetate is fed into a plasma plume to form nanostructured Co3O4 particles, which are then deposited on a current collector. These electrodes are binder and carbon free, and their microstructures revealed nano particulate structure with porosity. Phase, crystallinity and microstructures of the Co3O4 films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry–Thermogravimetry (DSC–TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical characterization indicated an average cell voltage of ∼1.0–1.25V against Li electrode with specific discharge capacities close to the theoretical value (∼890mAhrg−1).
Effects from electrolytes on supercapacitor electrodes, especially pseudocapacitive materials, are important but often overlooked. Gogotsi and colleagues demonstrate strong influences from electrolyte solvents on charge-storage processes in a titanium carbide and identify a best-performing electrode/electrolyte couple for supercapacitors.
Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 layered materials were synthesized by solid-state reaction using Li2CO3 and three transition-metal hydroxide precursors of composition (Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)(OH)2 (NMC Hydroxide) with different physical properties. Characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical testing, etc., the final Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 products showed different physical and electrochemical properties depending on their synthesis temperatures and the properties of transition-metal hydroxide precursors were got. Higher reaction temperature results in bigger primary particle size (PPS) and broader size distribution. Precursor with smaller PPS results in larger PPS when synthesized at the same condition. The electrochemical performance is related to the physical properties of Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2. Better crystallized and cation ordered layered material has higher initial capacity while smaller and uniform PPS results in higher capacity retention rate. The Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 synthesized at 880°C for 10h in atmosphere using (Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)(OH)2 with smallest PPS size as the starting precursor showed the best overall electrochemical properties with a high discharge capacity over 171mAh/g with a capacity retention >96% after 50 cycles at 1C rate in a half battery and tap density about 2.7g/cm3.
Exploring an efficient route to prepare novel graphene-based nanostructure of organic small molecule as metal single-atom catalyst still faces a great challenge due to the difficult synergy of complicated nanostructure for multiple catalytic steps. Herein, the iron phthalocyanine (FePc)-based nanostructures are synthesized via the graphene-assisted colloid chemical reaction for the first time. Compared to the commercial Pt/C for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the optimal FePc/graphene nanostructure exhibits not only more positive onset potential (Eonset, 1.000 vs 0.973 V) and half-wave potential (△E1/2 = 100 mV), but also better stability and durability in alkaline solution. The corresponding zinc-air battery also shows better the maximum power density. The systematical characterizations prove the axial coordination between FePc and graphene via Fe-O-C bond and the formation of Fe(II)Pc/Fe(III)Pc/graphene nanostructures. The comprehensive analysis and simulated calculation reveal the synergistic ORR catalysis of four- and five- coordinated Fe atoms in these samples. This work provides a new insight into the synthesis and application of metal-organic complex for metal single-atom catalysis.
Climate change has become the most globally concerned environmental issue. As the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter and primary energy consumer, China has strong incentives to change its coal-dominated electricity structure. Various renewable powers such as wind and solar are suitable and necessary options for carbon emission reduction. The 12th Five-Year (2011–2015) and the mid-term until 2020 are critical periods for the development of Chinese renewable powers. In this paper individual renewable electricity sources were introduced based on their characteristics. Based on the introduction, the targets as well as their effects in the medium and long-term were presented and explained; challenges China has to face in the periods were discussed in detail, and emphasis was put on hydro, solar and wind power, which is highlighted in the plans. Also solutions against these challenges were recommended.
Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is critical for the safety and reliability of battery management systems in electric vehicles. Because SOC cannot be directly measured and SOC estimation is affected by many factors, such as ambient temperature, battery aging, and current rate, a robust SOC estimation approach is necessary to be developed so as to deal with time-varying and nonlinear battery systems. In this paper, three popular model-based filtering algorithms, including extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, and particle filter, are respectively used to estimate SOC and their performances regarding to tracking accuracy, computation time, robustness against uncertainty of initial values of SOC, and battery degradation, are compared. To evaluate the performances of these algorithms, a new combined dynamic loading profile composed of the dynamic stress test, the federal urban driving schedule and the US06 is proposed. The comparison results showed that the unscented Kalman filter is the most robust to different initial values of SOC, while the particle filter owns the fastest convergence ability when an initial guess of SOC is far from a true initial SOC.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various types of lithium batteries, such aslithium-sulphur dioxide primary batteries, lithium-thionyl chloride primary batteries, and lithium-iodine primary batteries. A lithium-sulphur dioxide primary battery uses a lithium anode, a gaseous sulphur dioxide cathode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium bromide dissolved in acetonitrile. In lithium-thionyl chloride primary batteries the electrolyte used consists of a solution of 1.5M lithium aluminium chloride (LiA1CI4) dissolved in thionyl chloride. Lithium-thionyl chloride is often cited as having the highest performance potential of any of the lithium cells. In lithium solid electrolyte primary batteries the Duracell solid electrolyte cell is made of the following materials: anode: high-purity lithium sheet; cathode: mixture of lead iodide, lead sulphide and lead; and electrolyte: blend of lithium iodide and activated alumina. Lithium-iodine primary batteries are constructed by placing in contact a lithium anode and an electronically conducting charge-transfer complex of iodine and poly-2-vinylpyridine (P2VP) containing an excess of iodine. A thin layer of lithium iodide is immediately formed, which becomes the electrolyte of the cell and prevents any further direct reaction between the active cell components. Further, lithium-manganese dioxide primary batteries, lithium-carbon monoflouride prmary, lithium-molybdenum disulphide secondary batteries, lithium (aluminium) iron sulphide secondary cells, and lithium -iron disulphide primary batteries are also discussed.
Herein, synthesis and characterization of amorphous MnO2 and application in asymmetric aqueous ultracapacitors are reported. Different amorphous manganese oxide (MnO2) materials were synthesized from the reduction of KMnO4 in different media such as ethanol (EtOH) or dimethylformamide (DMF). The electrochemical behavior of amorphous MnO2, labeled MnO2-Et and MnO2-DMF, were studied by using cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic cycling in aqueous electrolyte. XRD, BET, TEM, and SEM characterizations highlighted the amorphous nature and the nanostructuration of these MnO2 materials. BET measurement established that these amorphous MnO2 are mesoporous. In addition, MnO2-Et exhibits a larger specific surface area (168 m2 g−1), a narrower pore diameters distribution with lower diameters compared to MnO2-DMF. These results are in agreement with the electrochemical results. Indeed, MnO2-Et shows a higher specific capacitance and lower impedance in aqueous K2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, aqueous asymmetric ultracapacitors were assembled and studied using amorphous MnO2 as positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as negative electrode. These asymmetric systems exhibit an electrochemical stability for more than 20,000 galvanostatic cycles at current density of 1 A g−1 with an operating voltage of 2 V.
The kinetic properties of Li insertion in NASICON-type Li3V2(PO4)3 cathodes were enhanced substantially by Al3+ and Cl− multivalent substitutions of various concentrations. Pristine and carbon coated, Al-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 were also prepared by a conventional solid-state approach under optimized conditions. Samples phase purity was investigated through X-ray diffractometry. Li insertion was studied in half-cells at 3-4.8V vs. Li for the removal of 3mol of Li. Carbon-coated Li3V1.98Al0.02(PO4)2.99Cl0.01 showed the highest reversible insertion of 2.71mol of Li (178mAhg−1) at a current density of 0.2mAcm−2. It showed a capacity retention of over 80% after 100 cycles. Cl− substitution led to improved performance under harsh conditions of 15C rate and high temperature (50°C). The enhancement of Li ion kinetics was demonstrated through cyclic voltammetry in a two-electrode configuration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the enhanced conductivity.
High-areal-density Sn nanowires (NWs) with diameter of ≥25nm and length of several micrometers (>103 aspect ratio) were successfully prepared via template-free electrodeposition from organic solutions containing SiCl4 and an ionic liquid (IL). This study shows that the presence of both IL and SiCl4 in the electrolyte is necessary to obtain structurally well-defined NWs. Electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that the NWs consist of high-quality β-Sn crystallites and the morphology is homogenous over large deposition areas. It is also shown that various organic solvents such as propylene carbonate and acetonitrile as well as different types of ILs as supporting electrolytes in combination with SiCl4 can be used for the preparation of Sn NWs. This makes the electrochemical synthesis flexible in terms of solubility parameter and less costly than deposition from pure ILs. The Sn NWs were also tested for application in rechargeable Li-ion cells by galvanostatic cycling against Li metal. The electrodes were found capable of delivering stable specific capacities of around 680mA h gSn −1 at C/5 over several cycles.
Safety issues pertaining to Li-ion batteries justify intensive testing all along their value chain. However, progress in scientific knowledge regarding lithium based battery failure modes, as well as remarkable technologic breakthroughs in computing science, now allow for development and use of prediction tools to assist designers in developing safer batteries. Subsequently, this paper offers a review of significant modeling works performed in the area with a focus on the characterization of the thermal runaway hazard and their relating triggering events. Progress made in models aiming at integrating battery ageing effect and related physics is also discussed, as well as the strong interaction with modeling-focused use of testing, and the main achievements obtained towards marketing safer systems. Current limitations and new challenges or opportunities that are expected to shape future modeling activity are also put in perspective. According to market trends, it is anticipated that safety may still act as a restraint in the search for acceptable compromise with overall performance and cost of lithium-ion based and post lithium-ion rechargeable batteries of the future. In that context, high-throughput prediction tools capable of screening adequate new components properties allowing access to both functional and safety related aspects are highly desirable.
Rechargeable batteries based on an anion shuttle, for example, chloride or fluoride battery that operates at room temperature, have recently been gaining increasing attention as potential future power sources. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the utilization of antimony oxychloride (Sb4O5Cl2) as a new cathode material for non-aqueous chloride ion batteries. We show that Sb4O5Cl2 microstructures uniformly embedded in a graphene aerogel matrix (Sb4O5Cl2/graphene aerogel), resulting in completely interconnecting structures, exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance as cathode material for non-aqueous chloride ion battery. The electrode delivers a stable capacity of ∼100 mAh g−1 for initial 25 cycles that could retain a specific discharge capacity of ∼65 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles which makes it one of the promising cathode materials with long cycle life for chloride ion batteries, when cycled against lithium. We employ various ex-situ measurements to unveil the electrochemical reaction mechanism.
In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a non-surfactant polymer was used to synthesize nonstoichiometric Li0.82Ni0.52Mn1.52O4−δ (0≤ δ ≤0.25) spinels. The presence of the polymer was found to be beneficial with a view to facilitating the use of the spinel in electrodes for lithium batteries. Thus, PMMA allowed spinel particles of a high crystallinity and uniform size and shape to be obtained, and particle size to be tailored by using an appropriate calcining temperature and time. By controlling these variables, spinels in nanometric, submicrometric and micrometric particle sizes were prepared and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and nitrogen adsorptions measurements. The spinels were obtained as highly crystalline phases with lithium and oxygen deficiency and some cation disorder as revealed by chemical analysis, thermogravimetric and XRD data. Their electrochemical performance in two-electrode cells was tested at room temperature and 50°C over a wide range of charge/discharge rates (from C/4 to 4C). Cell performance was found to depend on particle size rather than on structural properties. Thus, the spinel best performing at 50°C was that consisting of submicrometric particles, which delivered a high capacity and exhibited the best capacity retention and rate capability. Particles of submicronic size share the advantages of nanometric particles (viz. the ability to withstand high charge/discharge rates) and micrometric particles (a high capacity and stability at low rates).
Tin selenide (SnSe) has been explored as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) but its electrochemical performance is strictly limited by the large volume variation during charge/discharge process and relatively low electronic conductivity. In this work, hierarchical Cu doped SnSe nanoclusters were prepared by a cost-efficient and nontoxic method and demonstrated as a high-performance anode for SIBs. Under optimized Cu doping degree (10 wt% Cu), the developed Cu-SnSe anode exhibits excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 330 mAh/g at 20 A/g and outstanding stability with a capacity of 304 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g (0.1–3.0 V vs. Na/Na+). The enhanced electronic conductivity, facilitated sodiation/desodiation process, and relieved volume change during cycling in Cu doped SnSe benefited from Cu doping and the unique hierarchical structure should account for its extraordinary sodiun storage performance.
Caring for a family member with Huntington’s disease (HD) can be seriously burdensome. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms that are part of HD can impact the quality of life of caregivers. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between caregiver burden, cognitive impairment and patient characteristics. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 33 adult HD-outpatient-caregiver dyads. We assessed caregiver burden and cognitive functioning of the included patient on the same day with the MCSI and MoCA respectively. For statistical analysis, we performed a network analysis and used descriptive statistics to describe our study sample. Caregivers scored on average 13.5 out of 26 points on the MCSI. The scores on the MoCA of the HD patients varied from 9 to 30 and was on average 22. Our network analysis demonstrated an indirect relationship between cognitive functioning and caregiver burden, in which CAG repeat length and the time since HD has been diagnosed are the primary mediators. We found a negative association between CAG repeat length and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, a relationship was found between higher caregiver burden and psychotropic drug use. We observed an indirect relationship between cognitive functioning and caregiver burden using network analysis. This analysis produces comprehensible results with the variables of interest. This study sheds new light on the components that make up caregiver burden in HD.
Long term stability of LiMnPO4 particles with a crystallite size between ∼20 and 50 nm covered with a dense native carbon coating (14 wt.%) is demonstrated. More than 500 cycles at a rate of C/20, in the potential window of 2.7–4.5 V and a temperature of 55 °C were achieved. During most of the cycling the average capacity decay was less than 0.06% per cycle. After about 500 cycles a sudden capacity drop was observed. Degradation processes in various stages of cycling were thoroughly examined using a range of techniques. Severe surface film formation, manganese dissolution and degradation of Li x MnPO4 accompanied by formation of Li4P2O7 were clearly identified. The good long term stability seems to be due to dense, protective carbon coating. Decomposition is most likely initiated at local defects in the microstructure of pyrolytic carbon coating around LiMnPO4 particles. In addition to known degradation mechanisms of LiMnPO4 we observed pronounced gradual amorphization of the olivine crystallites during long-term cycling at 55 °C. Finally, changes in morphology of the carbon black additive after prolonged cycling are reported and commented.
Previous research has shown a strong positive correlation between short-term persistence and long-term output growth as well as between depreciation rates and long-term output growth. This evidence, therefore, contradicts the standard predictions from traditional neoclassical or AK-type growth models with exogenous depreciation. In this paper, we first confirm these findings for a larger sample of 101 countries. We then study the dynamics of growth and persistence in a model that renders a positive link between embodied technological progress, depreciation and output growth. We find that the model's predictions appear consistent with the empirical evidence on persistence, long-term growth and depreciation rates. In addition, we provide evidence of a unit root in output with a large battery of second-generation panel unit root tests. This supports the general validity of the endogenous growth model proposed.
Formic acid has been proposed as a hydrogen energy carrier because of its many desirable properties, such as low toxicity and flammability, and a high volumetric hydrogen storage capacity of 53 g H2 L−1 under ambient conditions. Compared to liquid hydrogen, formic acid is thus more convenient and safer to store and transport. Converting formic acid to power has been demonstrated in direct formic acid fuel cells and in dehydrogenation reactions to supply hydrogen for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, to enable a complete cycle for the storage and utilization of low-carbon or carbon-free electricity, processes for the hydrogenation and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formic acid, namely power to formic acid, are needed. In this review, representative homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation will be summarized. Apart from catalytic systems for CO2 hydrogenation, a wide range of catalysts, electrodes, and reactor systems for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) will be discussed. An analysis for practical applications from the engineering viewpoint will be provided with concluding remarks and an outlook for future challenges and R&D directions.