batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Previous studies of patients with brain damage have suggested a close relationship between aphasia and movement disorders. Neurodegenerative extrapyramidal syndromes associated with cognitive impairment provide an interesting model for studying the neural substrates of cognitive and motor symptoms. In this review, we focused on studies investigating language production abilities in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). According to some reports, these patients exhibit a reduction in performance in both action and object naming or verb production compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, a disproportional impairment of action naming compared to object naming was systematically observed in patients with these disorders. The study of these clinical conditions offers the unique opportunity to examine the close link between linguistic features and motor characteristics of action. This particular pattern of language impairment may contribute to the debate on embodiment theory and on the involvement of the basal ganglia in language and in integrating language and movement. From a translational perspective, we suggest that language ability assessments are useful in the clinical work-up, along with neuropsychological and motor evaluations. Specific protocols should be developed in the near future to better characterize language deficits and to permit an early cognitive diagnosis. Moreover, the link between language deficits and motor impairment opens a new issue for treatment approaches. Treatment of one of these two symptoms may ameliorate the other, and treating both may produce a greater improvement in patients' global clinical conditions.
The growing environmental concern, associated with the continuous increase in electronic equipment production, has induced the development of new technologies to recycle the large number of spent batteries generated in recent years. The amount of spent lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) tends to grow over the next years. These batteries are composed by valuable metals, such as Li, Co, Cu and Al, which can be recovered. Thus, the present work is carried out in two main steps: In the first step, a characterization of the LIBs is performed. Batteries from different brands and models are dismantled and their components characterized regarding to the chemical composition and main phases. In the second step, a sample of LIBs is shredded and the different materials present are separated by spouted bed elutriation. The results show that spouted bed elutriation is a simple and inexpensive way to obtain the separation of the different materials (polymers, metals, active electrode materials) present in spent LIBs.
S/Bi2S3/C composites have been prepared based on melt strategy at 280 °C starting from metallic bismuth (mp 271.3 °C), excess sulfur powder and porous carbon with different ratio. In the as-prepared composites, the in-situ formed Bi2S3 in molten S environment can homogeneously dispersed in S and carbon. Combining the physical confinement of porous carbon and chemical interaction of the in-situ formed Bi2S3, the dissolution of polysulfides has been well inhibited. Thus, the obtained S/Bi2S3/C composite exhibits good electrochemical performance, which could deliver capacity of ∼825 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C over 400 cycles, with 91% capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiency.
Despite much recent progress in the development of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), relatively little work has been done in terms of investigating commercially applicable separator materials capable of accommodating RTILs. In this work, we demonstrate an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microfiber separator. The PAN microfiber separators show high degrees of porosity (∼83%), wettability, and mechanical strength (σ UTS = 16.98 MPa and E = 5.95 MPa). The physical properties of our electrospun separators lead to impressive electrochemical performance, showing an apparent MacMullin number (N M ) of <5 when combined with the PYR13FSI (1.2M LiFSI) electrolyte. These results are validated by superior rate performance and the exhibition of a high capacity full-cell utilizing a PAN microfiber separator in combination with the PYR13FSI (1.2M LiFSI) RTIL electrolyte. Such work represents significant progress in the advancement of RTIL electrolytes for LIBs, indicating that nonwoven separators are a commercially viable solution to the previous lack of separator materials for RTIL electrolytes.
Crystalline tin-sulfide nanosheets are synthesized through a one-step solvothermal process and incorporated in the negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. SnS2 compounds synthesized in ethylene glycol have an approximately 2nm-thick nanosheet morphology and exhibit an excellent charge-capacity retention of ∼95% after 50 cycles between 1.15 and 0V at 0.5C (=323mAg−1). The thickness of the nanosheets is varied up to ∼26nm by adjusting the precursors, solvents and source concentrations. The nanostructural effects are investigated in terms of electrochemical and rate-capability properties.
This work demonstrates the influences of electrochemical reversibility of the pseudocapacitive materials on the performances of an asymmetric supercapacitor consisting of a pseudocapacitive cathode and an anode of the double-layer type. Thanks for the simple, one-step, cathodic deposition of nickel and cobalt hydroxide (denoted as Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2, respectively) films from their chloride precursor in aqueous media with the addition of 40 mM NO3 − as the OH-donating agent. The specific capacitances of Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 films (ca. 0.4 mg cm−2) deposited at 1.0 mA cm−2 for 1000 s are equal to 2217 and 549 F g−1, respectively while the electrochemical reversibility of Co(OH)2 is better than that of Ni(OH)2 based on peak potential difference and symmetry of charge/discharge curves. The Co(OH)2-graphene asymmetric supercapacitor shows higher capacitance retention and higher energy efficiency of charge–discharge than the Ni(OH)2-graphene system although the latter system exhibits higher energy and power densities than the former one. The microstructures of as-deposited Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 films have been examined by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses.
Discharge capacities of the Li1.01Mn1.99O4 cathode and Mn content dissolved from the cathode were examined on the addition of some chemicals, as the storage temperatures and time were changed. On the addition of 1000ppm of H2O to 1.0M LiPF6 solution in EC/DMC (1:2 in volume), 41% of capacity of the cathode was lost after 24h storage at 80°C, in contrast to 5% loss in the case of no additive. Water would be responsible for causing the capacity fading of the cathode under such condition as elevated temperatures. In the EC/DMC solution without LiPF6, on the contrary, no capacity fading was observed with H2O additive at 80°C storage, while the CF3SO3H addition resulted in 40% of capacity fading. These results show that plausible acid derived from the reaction of LiPF6 with H2O causes the capacity fading on the lithium manganese oxide at 80°C, relatively high storage temperature. On the other hand, addition of 500–1000ppm of (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3 resulted in less capacity fading of the cathode and made Mn dissolution decrease drastically. Therefore, dehydration and acid-neutralization in the electrolyte solution would restrain the capacity fading of the lithium manganese oxide cathode during high temperature storage, and we confirmed it in some experiments.
LiMn2O4 spinel was prepared by a hydrothermal method using α-MnO2 nanotubes as precursor at 180 °C, a temperature much lower than that in previously reported methods. It is nanoporous with a pore size of about 40–50 nm and a BET surface area of 9.76 m2 g−1. It exhibits a high specific capacitance of 189 F g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 as a cathode for an aqueous supercapacitor. Even at 12 A g−1, it still has a capacitance of 166 F g−1. After 1500 cycles, there is no evident capacity fading. The LiMn2O4 cathode can deliver an energy density of 31.9 Wh kg−1 at 3480 W kg−1 and even maintain 19.4 Wh kg−1 at about 5100 W kg−1 based on the mass of LiMn2O4.
An in situ sulfur deposition route has been developed for synthesizing sulfur–carbon composites as cathode materials for lithium–sulfur batteries. This facile synthesis method involves the precipitation of elemental sulfur at the interspaces between carbon nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature. The product has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, charge–discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sulfur–carbon composite cathode with 75wt.% active material thus obtained exhibits a remarkably high first discharge capacity of 1116mAhg−1 with good cycle performance, maintaining 777mAhg−1 after 50 cycles. The significantly improved electrochemical performance of the sulfur–carbon composite cathode is attributed to the carbon-wrapped sulfur network structure, which suppresses the loss of active material during charging/discharging and the migration of the polysulfide ions to the anode (i.e., shuttling effect). The integrity of the cathode structure during cycling is reflected in low impedance values observed after cycling. This facile in situ sulfur deposition route represents a low-cost approach to obtain high-performance sulfur–carbon composite cathodes for rechargeable Li–S batteries.
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is a promising alternative to existing liquid electrolytes for next-generation solid-state alkali metal batteries for better safety and higher performance. However, the existing SPEs suffer from low ionic conductivity as well as limited chemistries that satisfy practical implementation. Here we report a new class of polyeutectic electrolyte (PEE) for high-performance energy storage applications. The interaction between alkali bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) salts (LiTFSI, NaTFSI and KTFSI) and N-isopropylacrylamide molecules (polymer precursor) was found to play an important role in both the formation of eutectic electrolyte and the subsequent polymerization process. The as-prepared PEE exhibited high ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and wide electrochemical window, enabling high capacity and excellent stability both in symmetrical cells and all-solid-state alkali metal batteries. Meanwhile, when serving as a separator in redox flow batteries, the modified separator displayed enhanced cell Coulombic efficiency (nearly 99.9%) compared with the commercial Celgard separator (ca. 95%). The results in this work showcase the effectiveness and versatility of PEE for high-performance electrical energy storage systems.
In this study, nano-sized SnO2 decorated on carbon cloth (SnO2/CC) is prepared through a simple and facile solid method. The nano-sized SnO2 is uniformly distributed on the surface of carbon fibers in carbon cloth, providing sufficient free space to relieve volume expansion and reduce electrode pulverization during cycling. The as-prepared SnO2/CC as a flexible, self-supporting and additive-free anode electrode for sodium-ion/lithium-ion batteries (SIBs/LIBs) can demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance. SnO2/CC after annealing at 350 °C (SC-350) as an anode for SIBs can deliver a reversible capacity of 0.587 mA h cm−2 at the current density of 0.3 mA cm−2 after 100 cycles. In addition, when cycling at 1.5 mA cm−2, SC-350 can maintain 1.69 mA h cm−2 after 500 cycles when used as LIB anode. These results illustrate that the as-prepared SnO2/CC can be a promising flexible anode material for flexible SIBs/LIBs and provide a simple and practical method for designing new flexible electrode materials.
In this paper, high power 7Ah LiFePO4-based cells (LFP) have been used to investigate the impact of the charging methodology on the battery’s lifetime. Three charging techniques have been used: Constant Current (CC), Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC–CV) and Constant Current–Constant Voltage with Negative Pulse (CC–CVNP). A comparative study between these techniques is presented in this research. For this purpose, a characterization of the batteries has been performed using capacity test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As expected the obtained results showed that the battery’s aging rate depends on the charging methodology. Indeed, it has been shown that a combination of low amplitude and fewest number of negative pulses has a positive effect on battery’s capacity fading. From the impedance measurements, the results have demonstrated that the CC–CVNP technique with low amplitude and fewest number of negative pulses is more effective than the other techniques in reducing the concentration polarization resistance and the diffusion time constant. This research has provided an extended analysis to select the proper charging methodology that can be used to design an enhanced charging system.
The first in vitro evidence that highly nanostructured silicon could be a biocompatible material was published in 1995. This review summarizes some of the procedures, challenges and progress made by pSiMedica Ltd, UK (pSividaCorp.USA) and others over the period 2000–12 in progressing from early-stage research to clinical assessment of porous silicon in the fields of brachytherapy and pre-clinical work for drug delivery.
The anode of Ge has attracted extensive attention due to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. A composite of hierarchically structural Ge encapsulated with nitrogen-doped carbon has been successfully synthesized by using a scalable method. Such a composite properly combines the two superiorities of hierarchically structural Ge and nitrogen-doped carbon, showing a superior electrochemical performance. Designed as an anode for lithium ion batteries, a high reversible capacity of 1067mAhg−1 after 300cycles at 1Ag−1, an outstanding rate capabilities of 1270mAhg−1 at 0.1Ag−1 and 605mAhg−1 at 20Ag−1 and a stably long-term capacity of 912mAhg−1 after 600cycles at 2Ag−1 were achieved. The hierarchically structural electrode could promote the diffusion of electrolyte into anode of Ge particles, and the nitrogen-doped carbon could strengthen the stability of structure and enhance electrical conductivity of the composite. This work could pave a new route for developing Ge-based anodes in next-generation lithium ion batteries and high-energy-storage devices.
Composite polymer electrolytes (CPE), comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF–HFP), aluminum oxyhydroxide, (AlO[OH]n – of 40 nm and 7 μm) as filler and LiN(C2F5SO2)2 or LiClO4 as lithium salt were prepared using a solution casting technique. The membranes were subjected to XRD, impedance spectroscopy, compatibility and transport number studies. The incorporation of nanofiller greatly enhanced the ionic conductivity and the compatibility of the composite polymer electrolyte. The electrochemical properties of CPE with nano sized fillers are better than those of micron size. Charge- discharge studies of Li Cr0.01Mn1.99O4/CPE/Li cells were made at 70 °C and are discussed.
Energy efficiency is a key performance indicator for battery storage systems. A detailed electro-thermal model of a stationary lithium-ion battery system is developed and an evaluation of its energy efficiency is conducted. The model offers a holistic approach to calculating conversion losses and auxiliary power consumption. Sub-models for battery rack, power electronics, thermal management as well as the control and monitoring components are developed and coupled to a comprehensive model. The simulation is parametrized based on a prototype 192 kWh system using lithium iron phosphate batteries connected to the low voltage grid. The key loss mechanisms are identified, thoroughly analyzed and modeled. Generic profiles featuring various system operation modes are evaluated to show the characteristics of stationary battery systems. Typically the losses in the power electronics outweigh the losses in the battery at low power operating points. The auxiliary power consumption dominates for low system utilization rates. For estimation of real-world performance, the grid applications Primary Control Reserve, Secondary Control Reserve and the storage of surplus photovoltaic power are evaluated. Conversion round-trip efficiency is in the range of 70–80%. Overall system efficiency, which also considers system power consumption, is 8–13 percentage points lower for Primary Control Reserve and the photovoltaic-battery application. However, for Secondary Control Reserve, the total round-trip efficiency is found to be extremely low at 23% due to the low energy throughput of this application type.
Energy crisis and environment deterioration are two major problems for 21st century. Thermoelectric device is a promising solution for those two problems. This review begins with the basic concepts of the thermoelectric and discusses its recent material researches about the figure of merit. It also reports the recent applications of the thermoelectric generator, including the structure optimization which significantly affects the thermoelectric generator, the low temperature recovery, the heat resource and its application area. Then it reports the recent application of the thermoelectric cooler including the thermoelectric model and its application area. It ends with the discussion of the further research direction.
Residential home storage systems that increase solar self-consumption are a rapidly growing market in many countries around the world. This paper provides an in-depth overview about the market and technology development of home storage systems in Germany during the years 2013–2018. Based on the scientifically collected data of more than 20,000 individual home storage systems, quantitative evaluations of user preferences and industry trends are presented. The topics include market growth, choice of battery technology, typical system design, retail price development, purchase motivation, and user satisfaction. The presented data can be used to predict international markets or act as a foundation for studies regarding technology diffusion, grid effects, and multi-use scenarios of decentralized storage systems.
Layered Li[Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x Zr2x ]O2 (x =0, 0.025) have been prepared by the mixed hydroxide and molten-salt synthesis method. The individual particles of synthesized materials have a sub-microsize range of 200–500nm, and LiNi0.475Mn0.475Zr0.05O2 has a rougher surface than that of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2. The Li/Li[Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x Zr2x ]O2 (x =0, 0.025) electrodes were cycled between 4.5 and 2.0V at a current density of 15mA/g, the discharge capacity of both cells increased during the first ten cycles. The discharge capacity of the Li/LiNi0.475Mn0.475Zr0.05O2 cell increased from 150 to 220mAh/g, which is 50mAh/g larger than that of the Li/LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cell. We found that the oxidation of oxygen and the Mn3+ ion concerned this phenomenon from the cyclic voltammetry (CV). Thermal stability of the charged Li[Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x Zr2x ]O2 (x =0, 0.025) cathode was improved by Zr doping.
The flow battery is a promising technology for large-scale storage of renewable energy owing to its unique advantages such as independence of power and energy capacity, scalability and versatility. The evaluation method is extremely important for the developments of both researches and applications of flow batteries. However, there is a lack of clear and uniform evaluation criteria in the open literature. The round-trip energy efficiency is commonly used to evaluate cell performance, whereas other different evaluating criteria may be suitable for different situations, with respective emphases. This paper reviews the development of performance evaluation criteria for redox flow batteries and clarifies the selection principle of evaluation criteria, stating that the system energy efficiency is the primary criterion, and power density or/and energy density are also vital evaluation criteria on the premise of maintaining high system energy efficiency for diverse types of redox flow batteries. The recent applications of these evaluation criteria on flow batteries are demonstrated afterwards. Finally, some exceptional conditions under what the system energy efficiency criterion is unsuitable are discussed, and emphasis is addressed on the new types of flow batteries. Applying a proper evaluation criterion helps to circumvent the remaining challenges of redox flow batteries, therefore, this review paper will be a useful guideline for the technology development and practical deployment of flow batteries.
Objective: To assess the validity, sensitivity, and responsiveness of self-report and standardized, performance-based measures of physical function: Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) basic mobility and daily activity; 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical function (PF-10); Physical Functional Performance (PFP-10); Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); gait speed; and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Community. Participants: People with recent hip fracture (N=108). Intervention: Investigational drug to increase strength versus placebo. Main Outcome Measures: Known-groups, construct, and predictive validation, effect size, and minimal detectable change (MDC90) at 12 weeks. Results: All measures achieved acceptable known-groups and construct validity. Odds ratios (ORs) in predicting patient global assessment of improvement were: AM-PAC basic mobility (OR=5.3); AM-PAC daily activity (OR=3.6); PF-10 (OR=4.3); SPPB (OR=2.0); PFP-10 (OR=2.5); gait speed (OR=1.9); and 6MWT (OR=2.4). All effect sizes exceeded 1 standard deviation. Percentage of patients exceeding MDC90 were: AM-PAC basic mobility (90%); AM-PAC daily activity (74%); PF-10 (66%); PFP-10 (75%); SPPB (36%); gait speed (69%); and 6MWT (75%). Conclusions: The validity, sensitivity, and responsiveness of self-report and performance-based measures are comparable in this population. Both types of measures are recommended for trials with physical function endpoints.
We find optimal designs for linear models using a novel algorithm that iteratively combines a semidefinite programming (SDP) approach with adaptive grid techniques. The proposed algorithm is also adapted to find locally optimal designs for nonlinear models. The search space is first discretized, and SDP is applied to find the optimal design based on the initial grid. The points in the next grid set are points that maximize the dispersion function of the SDP-generated optimal design using nonlinear programming. The procedure is repeated until a user-specified stopping rule is reached. The proposed algorithm is broadly applicable, and we demonstrate its flexibility using (i) models with one or more variables and (ii) differentiable design criteria, such as A-, D-optimality, and non-differentiable criterion like E-optimality, including the mathematically more challenging case when the minimum eigenvalue of the information matrix of the optimal design has geometric multiplicity larger than 1. Our algorithm is computationally efficient because it is based on mathematical programming tools and so optimality is assured at each stage; it also exploits the convexity of the problems whenever possible. Using several linear and nonlinear models with one or more factors, we show the proposed algorithm can efficiently find optimal designs.