batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Compared to the high number of studies that investigated executive functions (EF) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a little is known about the EF performance of adults with ADHD. This study compared 37 adults with ADHD (ADHDtotal) and 32 control participants who were equivalent in age, intelligence quotient (IQ), sex, and years of education, in two domains of EF—set shifting and working memory. Additionally, the ADHDtotal group was subdivided into two subgroups: ADHD patients without comorbidity (ADHD−, n = 19) and patients with at least one comorbid disorder (ADHD+, n = 18). Participants fulfilled two measures for set shifting (i.e., the trail making test, TMT and a computerized card sorting test, CKV) and one measure for working memory (i.e., digit span test, DS). Compared to the control group the ADHDtotal group displayed deficits in set shifting and working memory. The differences between the groups were of medium-to-large effect size (TMT: d = 0.48; DS: d = 0.51; CKV: d = 0.74). The subgroup comparison of the ADHD+ group and the ADHD− group revealed a poorer performance in general information processing speed for the ADHD+ group. With regard to set shifting and working memory, no significant differences could be found between the two subgroups. These results suggest that the deficits of the ADHDtotal group are attributable to ADHD rather than to comorbidity. An influence of comorbidity, however, could not be completely ruled out as there was a trend of a poorer performance in the ADHD+ group on some of the outcome measures.
Résumé Objectifs. – Le but de ce travail était d’étudier la faisabilité d’une étude comparant deux protocoles d’électrostimulation du quadriceps après chirurgie du ligament croisé antérieur. Méthodes. – Sept hommes sportifs, d’âge moyen 26 ans, ont été tirés au sort en deux groupes : un groupe de quatre patients stimulés à 20 Hz et un groupe de trois patients stimulés à 80 Hz. Tous les patients ont bénéficié en postopératoire d’une électrostimulation du quadriceps cinq fois par semaine pendant 12 semaines, en plus d’un programme standard de contractions volontaires. Le programme d’évaluation, avant et trois mois après la chirurgie comprenait la mesure des éléments suivants : peak torque du quadriceps et des ischio-jambiers à 90, 180 et 240°/seconde, force isométrique maximale à 75° du quadriceps et volumes musculaire et de la graisse sous-cutanée des cuisses, évalués par résonance magnétique. Résultats. – Après 12 semaines de rééducation, le déficit du volume musculaire, côté opéré par rapport au côté sain, variait entre 3 et 9 % pour le groupe 80 Hz et entre 1 et 2 % pour le groupe 20 Hz. Le déficit de la force quadricipitale, côté opéré par rapport au côté sain, était inférieur à 30 %, sauf pour deux patients du groupe 80 Hz en isocinétique. Il était en isométrique, supérieur à 30 % sauf pour deux patients du groupe 20 Hz. Conclusion. – La comparaison de deux protocoles d’électrostimulation après plastie ligamentaire est possible avec une durée d’électrostimulation n’excédant pas quatre semaines.
This work demonstrates the developed application for disinfection control by the sensing of chemical agents. The objective was to develop an Automatic Disinfectant Tracker (ADT) that would verify the disinfection of the hands of nurses, doctors, staff, patients, and visitors in hospitals within a required time frame. We have successfully investigated the development of hand disinfection control mechanisms and demonstrated two approaches, both based on the wireless Ultra-High-Frequency-based Radio-Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) technology. The 100 % efficacy of detecting propanol and ethanol concentration was achieved by using the static disinfectant control (SDC-ADT) method. The time domain response provides an accurate determination of their performance in practice simply by measuring the applied disinfectant concentration and the duration of application. The present paper resulted from the measurements of a capacitive chemical sensor fabricated in the Laboratory for Microelectronics, (LMFE) and on measurements, based on a commercially available resistive type of sensor. A graphic user interface (IDS-GUI) is designed to successfully set the logger parameters and display the results.
Cobalt tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin and polyacrylonitrile - based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction were synthesized and characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, limited evaporation method, rotating disc and rotating ring-disc electrode methods. Half-cell and Al-air cell tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of gas-diffusion cathodes. Effect of active layer thickness and its composition on the characteristics of the gas-diffusion cathodes was investigated. Power density of 300 mW cm−2 was achieved for alkaline Al-air cell with an air-breathing polyacrylonitrile-based cathode.
In the last decade, one of the Algeria’s preoccupations is the power quality through its national electrical network such as voltage sags and swells, harmonic currents and voltages. The customers connected to the power distribution network suffer from these perturbations, to solve this problem custom power device is used which is called dynamic voltage restorer. This paper describes DVR principle and voltage restoration which will be connected to the 15KV real autonomous networks in small village of south Algeria. Moreover, optimal energy capacity for the proposed devices based on Meta heuristic methods is presented. The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) has newly established to protect the industrial facilities from voltage sags and other voltage disturbances. The compensation ability of DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection aptitude and the amount of stored available within the restorer. A detailed procedure to design the optimal system is presented by using SOS algorithm based Advancement compensation (PAC) policy in order to improve the voltage property of the device. The planed approach employs Symbiotic Organism Search technique to search for optimal value of phase advancement angle equivalent to minimum power injection from the energy storage element such as a capacitor or battery and its results have been compared to the conventional DVR techniques. According to the achieved results and detailed analysis, The corresponding values of optimized energy are 13,278W-h, 20.847W-h and optimums phase advanced angles found 131.762°, 115.536° for 17% and 40% voltage sag happened through electrical distribution network. Finally, the proposed method has been compared with other methods available in the literature and is found effective and encouraging.
Extraction of manganese from ores or battery waste involves the use of reductive reagents for transformation of MnO2 to Mn2+ ions. There are many reducers, both organic and inorganic, described in the literature. A series of 18 reducers has been discussed in the paper and they were classified according to standard redox potential (pE = −log ae− where pE is used to express formal electron activity and ae- is formal electron activity). The experiments of manganese extraction from paramagnetic fraction of Zn–C and Zn–Mn battery waste in the laboratory scale have been described for 3 reducers of different origin. The best result was achieved with oxalic acid (75%, with the lowest redox potential) and urea (with typical redox potential) appeared inactive. Extraction supported by hydrogen peroxide resulted in moderate yield (50%). It shows that formal thermodynamic scale is only preliminary information useful for selection of possible reducers for manganese extraction resources.
Acceleration signals, collected from the inner and the outer heart wall, offer a mean of assessing cardiac function during surgery. Accelerometric measurements can also provide detailed insights into myocardial motion during exploratory investigations. Two different implantable accelerometers to respectively record endocardial and epicardial vibrations, have been developed by packaging a commercially available capacitive transducer. The same coating materials have been deposited on the two devices to ensure biocompatibility of the implants: Parylene-C, medical epoxy and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The different position-specific requirements resulted in two very dissimilar sensor assemblies. The endocardial accelerometer, that measures accelerations from the inner surface of the heart during acute animal tests, is a 2 mm-radius hemisphere fixed on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) rod to be inserted through the heart wall. The epicardial accelerometer, that monitors the motion of the outer surface of the heart, is a three-legged structure with a stretchable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reinforcement. This device can follow the continuous motion of the myocardium (the muscular tissue of the heart) during the cardiac cycle, without hindering its natural movement. Leakage currents lower than 1 μA have been measured during two weeks of continuous operation in saline. Both transducers have been used, during animal tests, to simultaneously record and compare acceleration signals from corresponding locations on the inner and the outer heart wall of a female sheep.
A novel series of inorganic–organic intercalation compounds were prepared by intercalating of alkylviologen dications into the layered vanadium pentoxide in the system of two phases of the liquid and the solid, and characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).
Hollow prismatic/cylindric iron fluoride with a wall thickness of 0.1–0.5 μm and a length of 1–3 μm has been synthesized by a simple and mild solvothermal method. This compound with a mixed crystal structure of FeF3·3H2O and FeF3·0.33H2O, has an initial discharge capacities of 106.7 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 60% after 100 cycles at the rate of 0.5C (1 C is 237 mA g−1) in the voltage of 2.0–4.5 V. To overcome the poor electronic conductivity of fluorides, the as-prepared iron fluoride has been ball-milled with 15 wt.% acetylene black (AB) and heat-treated to obtain FeF3·0.33H2O/C nanocomposites. The nanocomposites deliver discharge capacity of 160.2 mAh g−1 at the rate of 0.5C. Even at the high rate of 5 C, the initial discharge capacity is still as high as 137.5 mAh g−1. The capacity retentions reach up to 85.0% and 75.7% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C and 5 C, respectively.
Polyaniline was electrodeposited onto reticulated vitreous carbon – RVC – in order to obtain a tridimensional composite electrode. Three variations of these electrodes were analysed: a small-anion-doped polyaniline (RVC/Pani), a polyanion-doped polyaniline (RVC/PaniPSS) and a bi-layer type formed by an inner layer of the first electrode and an outer layer of the second one (RVC/Pani/PaniPSS). These composites were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electronic microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Photomicrographies, voltammetric profiles and impedance data pointed to different morphological and electrochemical characteristics for polyaniline doped with small or large anions, and a mixed behavior for the bi-layer electrodes. Charge–discharge tests for these tridimensional (3D) electrodes, employed as the cathode in lithium batteries, indicated better performance for the RVC/Pani electrode. These RVC composites presented higher specific capacities when compared with those obtained for Pani deposited onto bidimensional substrates.
Troponin is the main marker for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Increased use of the troponin assay in other settings shows many clinical situations with elevated levels. These elevations can be seen both inside and outside the emergency department. A difficult group of patients present with typical chest pain to the emergency department and have elevated troponin levels that are not caused by ACS. In this group belong the takotsubo cardiomyo-pathy, aortic dissection and inflammatory cardiac conditions such as pericarditis, myocarditis and endocarditis. Patients that present with shortness of breath frequently have elevation of troponin levels. Pulmonary embolism is well recognised as a cause of elevation of troponin as are acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. However, tropo-nin elevation has been described in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Other causes are heart failure, critical illness, sepsis and stroke. End stage renal disease patients frequently have elevated troponin but now we see troponin elevations also with exercise and rapid heart rate. Therefore, one has to be very careful when assessing patients with troponin levels and take into account history, examination and coexisting illness. With new high sensitivity troponin assays we can expect increased percentages of ill patients to have troponin elevations.
LaNiO3 thin film coated Li-rich cathode Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material is fabricated for the first time using the facile sol-gel process. Morphology, structure and battery cycle performance of the LaNiO3-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is characterized by a series of tests. LaNiO3 coating was synthesized by the sol-gel process and uniformly covered powder surface. By coating proper amount of LaNiO3, the initial Coulombic efficiency, discharge capacity, rate capability and cycle performance are significantly improved, while the charge transfer resistance reduces. The initial Coulombic efficiency of 3 wt% LaNiO3-coating samples reaches the maximum of 70% and 65% at 0.1 C and 1 C rates, respectively. The 3 wt% LaNiO3-coating electrode has the highest initial charge/discharge capacity of 405.4/285.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate (1 C = 250 mA g−1), while 5 wt% LaNiO3-coating delivers the maximum value of 264.1/165.1 mAh g−1 at 1 C. The cycling performance profiles demonstrate that at 1 C rate, the 3 wt% LaNiO3-coated electrode exhibits higher discharge specific capacity of 207.6 mAh g−1 and cyclic stability of 190.3 mAh g−1 92% capacity retention after 50 cycles compared with pristine and other content LaNiO3. The film resistance and charge transfer resistance both decrease after coating with LaNiO3. LaNiO3 is an efficient modifier to enhance electrochemical performance of Li-rich cathode materials.
In this paper, Fe2O3/C nanocomposite electrodes were prepared by loading Fe2O3 nanoparticles on various types of carbon via a chemical method for Fe/air battery anode. The effect of various additives, such as carbons, LiOH, and K2S, on the electrochemical properties of Fe2O3/C nanocomposite electrodes was investigated. The effects of LiOH and K2S additives depended on the employed carbon. For Fe2O3/C nanocomposite electrodes, the LiOH additive improved their cyclability and capacity retention, but had an insignificant effect on hydrogen evolution. The K2S additive had no beneficial effects on cyclability, but promoted the dissolution of iron to Fe(II) and significantly suppressed hydrogen evolution. Therefore, the LiOH additive provided more benefits than the K2S additive for the Fe2O3/C nanocomposite material.
Similar to graphene, transition metal oxide nanosheets have attracted a lot of attention recently owning to their unique structural advantages, and demonstrated promising chemical and physical properties for various applications. However, the synthesis of transition metal oxide nanosheets with controlled size and thickness remains a great challenge for both fundamental study and applications. The present work demonstrates a facile solvothermal synthesis of ultra-large (over 100μm) VO2(B) nanosheets with an exceptionally small thickness of only 2–5nm corresponding to 3–8 layers of (001) planes. It can be readily transferred into V2O5 with well retained nanosheet structures when calcined, which exhibit remarkable rate capability and great cycling stability. Specifically, the as-synthesized vanadium pentoxide nanosheets deliver a specific discharge capacity of 141mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.1Ag−1, which is 96% of its theoretical capacity (147mAhg−1) for one Li+ ion intercalation/removal per formular within a voltage window of 2.5–4V. Even at an extreme-high current density of 5Ag−1, it still can exhibit a high specific discharge capacity of 106mAhg−1. It is worthy to note that the V2O5 nanosheets electrode can retain 92.6% of the starting specific discharge capacity after 500 discharge/charge cycles at the current density of 1.5Ag−1.
TiO2 quantum dots embedded in bamboo-like porous carbon nanotubes have been constructed through the pyrolysis of sulfonated polymer nanotubes and TiO2 hybrids. The TiO2 quantum dots are formed during the pyrolysis, due to the space confinement within the highly cross-linked copolymer networks. The sulfonation degree of the polymer nanotubes is a critical factor to ensure the formation of the unique interpenetrating structure. The nanocomposites exhibit high reversible capacity of 523 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, excellent rate capability and superior long-term cycling stability at high current density, which could attain a high discharge capacity of 189 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 for up to 2000 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites benefit from the uniform distribution of TiO2 quantum dots, high electronic conductivity of porous carbons and unique interpenetrating structure, which simultaneously solved the major problems of TiO2 anode facing the pulverization, loss of electrical contact and particle aggregation.
Molecular Dynamics simulations of the BAB type triblock copolymer lithium poly[(4-styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethylenesulfonyl) imide)]-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-lithium poly[(4-stryrenesylfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide] (P(STFSILi)-b-PEO-b-P(STFSILi)) were carried out for different simulation temperatures and B-block lengths. By covalently binding the anion to the polymer backbone, it is immobilised and the cation transference number thereby raised significantly. It was found that the Li-ion diffusion decreases exponentially with growth of the B-block length. The poly(ethylene oxide) matrix dissolves Li-ions already during the equilibration stage of the simulation, and no Li-ion diffusion pathways were identified along the STFSI branches, which significantly influence the transport properties of the material.
The use of Mg in rechargeable batteries can be competitive with Li in terms of economy, safety, environment and capacity. In contrast to lithium and sodium, the compounds with NASICON-type structure have received little attention as hosts for reversible magnesium insertion. The selection of the electrolyte solution and voltage window seems to be crucial for controlling sodium/magnesium (de)insertion. Here, Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) has been tested as a positive electrode vs. Mg metal with 0.5M magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane as electrolyte solution, and the mechanism of the charge/discharge process has been studied. In magnesium cell, firstly sodium is partially deinserted from the framework of NVP up to ca. Na1.3V2(PO4)3 through a single voltage-plateau at 1.7V, the cell of the crystal lattice is contracted, and a magnesium-sodium hybrid electrolyte is formed in situ. Secondly, sodium and magnesium are inserted through two consecutive voltage-plateaus at 1.6 and 1.2V, respectively, while the main framework is preserved and the lattice is expanded. With further charge-discharge cycling, only one discharge plateau is observed at 1.2V due to insertion of magnesium. If sodium ions are removed from the electrolyte solution after the first charge, only magnesium is inserted in the NASICON-type framework during the discharge. The electrochemical behavior of this material as electrode in magnesium battery is very promising, providing a reversible capacity of ca. 60mAhg−1 after 100 cycles.
A ternary nanocomposite of molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) nanowires coated with a thin layer of carbon, which is intertwined with graphene oxide is synthesized by hydrothermal and ultrasonication route. It is found that high conductivity of carbon coated MoO3 nanowires is further increased by introducing the graphene sheets. The ternary nanocomposite (rGO/MoO3@C) exhibits high specific capacitance, excellent cyclic stability compared to the carbon coated MoO3 (MoO3@C) and virginal MoO3 nanowires due to the synergistic effect of carbon layer and graphene. The electrochemical impedance measurements show that rGO/MoO3@C nanocomposite have lower charge transfer resistance as compared to MoO3@C and MoO3 nanowires electrodes. Two probe electrical conductivity (I–V) measurements confirm the enhanced conductivity of rGO/MoO3@C nanocomposite relative to MoO3@C and bare MoO3 nanowires. The electrical and electrochemical measurements indicate that the rGO/MoO3@C nanocomposite is promising candidate for energy storage applications.
The long-chain lithium polysulfides that are soluble in ether-based electrolyte for lithium sulfur battery are regarded as one of reason for their low Coulumbic efficiency and low rate capability. In this work, we reported a new strategy to stabilize sulfur cathodes with alkylene radicals to covalently connect sulfur through the formation of low-solubility lithium polysulfides, which enables high Coulombic efficiencies of 99.9% at 0.2C, 99.9% at 0.5C, 100% at 1C, 100% at 2C, 100% at 4C, 100% at 6C as well as outstanding rate capability with a high capacity of 702mAhg−1 at 6C. The proposed mechanism was clearly revealed by in-situ UV/vis spectroscopy, demonstrating that short chain polysulfides as discharge products with low solubility are mainly produced during charging and discharging process. Moreover, DFT calculations confirmed that the bond breakage of the linear sulfur chains preferentially takes place in the center of the linear polysulfane, resulting in the formation of short-chain polysulfides, which could effectively avoid the production of soluble long-chain polysulfide and suppress the shuttling effect for high Coulumbic efficiency and high-rate capability lithium sulfur batteries.
This paper presents a systematic approach to employ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for determining model structure and parameters of a simulation model for a VRLA battery. It focuses on the interpretation of the impedance data in terms of equivalent circuit models and describes the Matlab/Simulink implementation of the model as well as its time-domain verification. Furthermore, the advantages and limits of the impedance-based model as well as the possible simplifications are discussed.
Herein demonstrated experiment studies two methods, namely convection and body resistance, to approximate human core body temperature. The proposed system is highly energy efficient that consumes only 165 mW power and runs on 5 VDC source. The implemented solution employs an IR thermographic sensor of industry grade along with AT Mega 328 breakout board. Ordinarily, the IR sensor is placed 1.5–30 cm away from human forehead (i.e., non-invasive) and measured the raw data in terms of skin and ambient temperature which is then converted using appropriate approximation formula to find out core body temperature. The raw data is plotted, visualized, and stored instantaneously in a local machine by means of two tools such as Makerplot, and JAVA-JAR. The test is performed when human object is in complete rest and after 10 min of walk. Achieved results are compared with the CoreTemp CM-210 sensor (by Terumo, Japan) which is calculated to be 0.7 °F different from the average value of BCT, obtained by the proposed IR sensor system. Upon a slight modification, the presented model can be connected with a remotely placed Internet of Things cloud service, which may be useful to inform and predict the user’s core body temperature through a probabilistic view. It is also comprehended that such system can be useful as wearable device to be worn on at the hat attachable way.