batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Although first-episode drug naive patients with schizophrenia are known to show cognitive impairment, the cognitive performances of these patients, who suffer deficit syndrome, compared with those who suffer non-deficit syndrome is undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive performances in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia with deficit syndrome or non-deficit syndrome. First-episode drug naive patients (n=49) and medicated patients (n=108) with schizophrenia, and age, sex, and education matched healthy controls (n=57 for the first-episode group, and n=128 for the medicated group) were enrolled. Patients were divided into deficit or non-deficit syndrome groups, using the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome. Cognitive performance was assessed using the CogState computerized cognitive battery. All cognitive domains in first-episode drug naive and medicated patients showed significant impairment compared with their respective control groups. Furthermore, cognitive performance in first-episode drug naive patients was significantly worse than in medicated patients. Interestingly, the cognitive performance markers of processing speed and attention, in first-episode drug naive patients with deficit syndrome, were both significantly worse than in equivalent patients without deficit syndrome. In contrast, no differences in cognitive performance were found between the two groups of medicated patients. In conclusion, this study found that first-episode drug naive schizophrenia with deficit syndrome showed significantly impaired processing speed and attention, compared with patients with non-deficit syndrome. These findings highlight processing speed and attention as potential targets for pharmacological and psychosocial interventions in first-episode schizophrenia with deficit syndrome, since these domains are associated with social outcomes.
Reliability and costs are mainly considered in performance analysis of renewable energy-based distributed grids. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables was used in techno-economic analysis of renewable energy systems involving photovoltaics, wind, diesel and storage in tropical regions of Amazon, Central Asia and Mediterranean. In a study for a Guinea Savannah region, 70% of renewable energy fraction was achieved. However, levelized cost of energy of 0.689 $/kWh was higher than tariff rate of 0.6 $/kWh. This paper considers Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables to achieve lower levelized cost of energy and net present costs of a nanogrid for increased reliability and low per capita energy consumption of 150 kWh in a Sudan Savannah region of Nigeria. The proposed grid connected nanogrid aims to serve daily residential demand of 355 kWh. A range of 0.0110 $/kWh to 0.0095 $/kWh and $366,210 to $288,680 as negative values of levelized cost of energy and net present cost respectively were realized, implying potentials for a large grid export. The renewable energy fraction of up to 98% was also achieved in addition to low greenhouse gas emission of 2,328 tons/year. The results may further be consolidated with strategies for power dispatch and load scheduling.
Commercial carbon fibers have been studied in structural lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs) with good promises. However, the currently urgent issue is the limitation in capacity in today's SLIBs. In this work, we focus on fabrication of integrated Sn/carbon cloth (Sn/CC) composite with Sn nanoparticles uniformly coated onto the surface of the CCs with close connection between them. Due to the combined superiority of the Sn with high theoretical specific capacity and the carbon cloth with good conductivity and buffer effect, the prepared Sn/CC composite are expected to be employed as an anode material for future SLIBs. As a result, even though in high mass loading up to 5.19 mg cm−2, a high reversible capacity of 2.23 mAh cm−2 (i.e. 431.5 mAh g−1) is maintained over 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA cm−2, showing a huge increase almost 3.3 times as high as the reported carbon fibers in SLIBs. Furthermore, even at a high current density of 2000 mA cm−2, the discharge capacity can still reach to 1.18 mAh cm−2. These good electrochemical performances in capacity could urgently solve the current issue that the limitation of capacity in current SLIBs when using commercial carbon fibers as anode materials.
Engineering applications in neutron scattering started in the 1980s because of the need to quantify residual stress distribution in industrial components. Over the years, the field of engineering applications has expanded dramatically, from residual stress determination, to fundamental studies of deformation behaviors in polycrystalline structural materials, to mechanical response to electric and magnetic fields in function materials, and lately to the dynamics of structure evolution during phase transition or precipitation. In this chapter, the methodology of neutron diffraction as applied to engineering problems is reviewed, and selected examples are highlighted to illustrate the diverse applications. Technical issues and good practice in precise measurements are discussed. An outlook is provided, along with a discussion of the technical challenges.
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) – montmorillonite (MMT) composite electrolytes were synthesised by solution casting technique. The salt used for the study is Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The morphology and percentage of crystallinity data were obtained through X-ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Caloriemetry. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes was studied by impedance spectroscopy. The addition of MMT resulted in an increase in conductivity over the temperature range of 25–60∘C. The ionic conductivity of a composite polymer electrolyte containing 1.2 wt% MMT was 1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25∘C, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the polymer electrolyte (4 × 10−7S cm−1). The increase in ionic conductivity is explained on the basis of crystallinity of the polymer electrolyte.
Phase change materials (PCMs) have found their way in heat transfer applications because of their capability to store energy during change of phase, and thermal management of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries is not an exception. The ultimate goal of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is to alleviate the excessive rise in temperature of cells. In the current investigation, a battery-like simulator was fabricated to simulate the heat generation in a typical Li-ion battery. Metal matrix and metal nanoparticles were added to a PCM to increase the rate of heat transfer and the results are compared to each other in order to find the best approach to manage temperature distribution around the battery simulator. According to the experimental results, it is found that the metal matrix-PCM composite decreases the maximum temperature difference between battery surface and PCM composite by up to 70%. In addition, even though all the nano-PCM composites increase the heat transfer potential of system, the composites containing Ag nanoparticles have shown better thermal performance than other composites. The results of the present study can be used as a guideline for designing battery thermal management system.
The Fe-Mn based Li-rich materials, Li1+x (Fe y Mn1−y )1−x O2, are highly expected to be potential cathode materials for lithium ion batteries due to high capacity, good safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. A simple synthesis route, the modified Pechini method, was employed to synthesize the nanosized Fe-Mn based Li-rich materials with excellent electrochemical performance. The structure, particles morphology, and dispersibility of the obtained materials are examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM)and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallinity and surface area of materials strongly depend on the calcination temperature. The samples calcined at low temperature with small particle size show high discharge capacity, but fast capacity fading due to the poor crystallinity. In order to solve this contradiction, the sample Li1.26Fe0.22Mn0.52O2 was calcined at low temperature (500°C), then heated at high temperature for a short time. It possesses both small particle size and good crystallinity, exhibiting high discharge capacity of about 200mAhg−1 and improved cycleability. The rate performance is excellent that the discharge capacity is about 140mAhg−1 (1C) and 110mAhg−1 (2C), respectively.
Spinel Li4Ti5O12 nanorods coated with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer as an anode material for lithium ions battery were synthesized by a facile soft chemistry approach. The highly conductive and uniform PEDOT layer coated on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 nanorods significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the composite, which exhibits higher reversible capacity and better rate capability compared with the pure Li4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12/C composite. The reversible capacity of Li4Ti5O12/PEDOT nanorods can be up to 171.5mA h g−1 at the rate of 0.2C. And a capacity of 168.7mA h g−1 was retained with only 0.5% capacity loss after 100 charge-discharge cycles at the rate of 1C, which confirms the good cycling behavior of Li4Ti5O12/PEDOT nanorods. The superior electrochemical performance of the Li4Ti5O12/PEDOT nanorods could be attributed to the one-dimensional (1D) morphology and uniform conducting polymer layer, which shortens the lithium-ion diffusion path and improves the electrical conductivity of Li4Ti5O12.
This paper details the methodology and development of an isolated wind-battery system in the lab. The full-scaled prototype was built using commercial components along with the assistance of a hardware-in-the-loop system. The integration and characterisation of a wind energy conversion system in an off-grid power system are also elaborated. Droop-based inverters interfacing batteries were used to form the isolated grid whilst a fixed speed wind turbine was employed as the main source of power generation. The former is known to be autonomous and function without communication system whilst the latter employs a squirrel cage induction generator which is robust, simple to operate and requires minimal maintenance. They were selected with the aim to reduce the technical problems which may be faced by the communities where technical assistance is scarce. We have shown that the proposed methodology presents a more controlled environment for system testing and integration whilst reproducibility of measurements can be achievable in parallel. The performance and electrical dynamics of the isolated wind-battery system are analysed with simulations and experiments. Finally, we present the capability of the test-rig in emulating the non-ideal tower shadow effect of a wind energy system.
Emerging literature suggests that quality of life (QOL) after bone marrow transplantation is relatively good but is accompanied in some patients by a variety of residual difficulties. The studies supporting this finding, however, have been somewhat limited in scale, scope, design, and analysis. We comprehensively measured changes in multidimensional QOL in a 4-year longitudinal follow-up of 415 adult patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplants at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Questionnaire packets containing 271 items were mailed annually posttransplantation to patients' homes. Standard methods of analysis yielded conditional estimates depending on compliance and survival, whereas new, likelihood-based methods generated unconditional estimates applicable to the full intent-to-treat population. Typical QOL levels generally remained high over the entire study period. Most QOL functioning significantly improved over 4 years, with the remainder showing no important decrement. Although isolated problem areas, such as sexual dissatisfaction, did emerge, the level of dysfunction for most physical and psychological scales remained below 30% of scale maxima. Broadly similar results were obtained for conditional estimation, which may contain an optimistic bias, and for unconditional estimation, which largely avoids the bias. Because concurrence was obtained between the 2 types of estimation, we conclude that most patients really do experience good levels of QOL in the 4 years after transplantation. Although some problems can be anticipated, typical patients can look forward to a QOL after transplantation that is broadly comparable to that of the normal population. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6(5A):576-91.
Stretchable textiles (STs) with both excellent conductivity and great energy storage capacity are crucial for future wearable electronic clothes. Herein, a stretchable Ni@NiCoP coated spandex textile derived from two step electroless deposition method presents perfect conductive and electrochemical performances. It delivers a low square resistance of 0.19 Ω sq−1 and high conductivity of 532 S cm−1. The outer NiCoP alloy layer can effectively enhance the conductivity and stability in daily utilization. Besides, the Ni and Co bimetallic phosphide contributes a high pseudocapacitive performance, with an areal capacitance of 877.6 mF cm−2 and gravimetric capacitance of 713 F g−1. The Ni@NiCoP ST is then constructed into a stretchable asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent mechanical and electrochemical stability. Finally, a self-powered system is assembled onto a lab coat and supplies continuous power for an electronic watch under sunlight illumination, demonstrating the Ni@NiCoP ST possesses promising potential in future wearable energy storage clothes and electronics.
A genome-wide survival analysis of 14,406 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 25,849 controls identified eight previously reported AD risk loci and 14 novel loci associated with age at onset. Linkage disequilibrium score regression of 220 cell types implicated the regulation of myeloid gene expression in AD risk. The minor allele of rs1057233 (G), within the previously reported CELF1 AD risk locus, showed association with delayed AD onset and lower expression of SPI1 in monocytes and macrophages. SPI1 encodes PU.1, a transcription factor critical for myeloid cell development and function. AD heritability was enriched within the PU.1 cistrome, implicating a myeloid PU.1 target gene network in AD. Finally, experimentally altered PU.1 levels affected the expression of mouse orthologs of many AD risk genes and the phagocytic activity of mouse microglial cells. Our results suggest that lower SPI1 expression reduces AD risk by regulating myeloid gene expression and cell function.
Mineral processing operation is a critical step in any recycling process to realize liberation, separation and concentration of the target parts. Developing effective recycling methods to recover all the valuable parts from spent lithium-ion batteries is in great necessity. The aim of this study is to carefully undertake chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries by coupling several analytical techniques to provide basic information for the researches on effective mechanical crushing and separation methods in recycling process. The results show that the grade of Co, Cu and Al is fairly high in spent lithium ion batteries and up to 17.62wt.%, 7.17wt.% and 21.60wt.%. Spent lithium-ion batteries have good selective crushing property, the crushed products could be divided into three parts, they are Al-enriched fraction (+2mm), Cu and Al-enriched fraction (−2+0.25mm) and Co and graphite-enriched fraction (−0.25mm). The mineral phase and chemical state analysis reveal the electrode materials recovered from −0.25mm size fraction keep the original crystal forms and chemical states in lithium-ion batteries, but the surface of the powders has been coated by a certain kind of hydrocarbon. Based on these results a flowsheet to recycle spent LiBs is proposed.
Congenital atrichia with papular lesions is a rare, autosomal recessive form of total alopecia and mutations in the hairless (hr) gene have been implicated in this disorder. Published estimates of the prevalence of this disorder remain surprisingly low considering pathogenetic mutations in hr have been found in distinct populations around the world. Therefore, it is likely that congenital atrichia with papular lesions is more common than previously thought and is often mistaken for the putative autoimmune form of alopecia universalis. To clarify this discrepancy, we propose criteria for the clinical diagnosis of congenital atrichia with papular lesions. Among these is the novel report of the consistent observation of hypopigmented whitish streaks on the scalp surface of affected individuals. Additionally, we report the identification of a novel missense mutation in hr from a family of Arab Palestinian origin that exhibits the pathognomonic features of atrichia with papular lesions. Collectively, we anticipate that an increased recognition of this disorder will result in more accurate diagnosis and the sparing of unnecessarily treatment to patients.
Correction for ‘Development of P3-K0.69CrO2 as an ultra-high-performance cathode material for K-ion batteries’ by Jang-Yeon Hwang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8ee01365a.
In the field of large-scale electrochemical energy storage, the vanadium redox flow battery possesses many advantageous features. However, its performance is hampered by the low stability of the positive electrolyte at high temperatures, raising the necessity to use stabilizing agents. Phosphoric acid is commonly used to thermally stabilize the positive vanadium electrolyte, in place of effective hydrohalic acids additives, e.g. HCl, which have the risk of toxic halogen gas formation. However, the effectivity of phosphoric acid is restricted by its self-precipitation with V(V) ions in the sulfuric acid supported vanadium electrolyte to form VOPO4. In this study, we explore the synergistic effect of ammonium and phosphate ions and show that ammonium ions can effectively prevent the formation of VOPO4, hence leading to a significant improvement of the thermal stabilizing effectivity of ammonium phosphates over phosphoric acid. This study provides an insight into the thermal stabilizing effectivity of ammonium- and phosphate-containing additives for the positive vanadium electrolyte, which is useful for the understanding in the design of new additive formula.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status has been associated with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in healthy elderly people. Yet, in pre-frail and frail elderly people this association has not been studied. The objective of this study was to explore the association between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D status with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in a pre-frail and frail elderly population.
This paper investigates the impact of capacity tariff design on microgrids. While the possible benefits for utilities of capacity tariffs are well researched, comparatively little work has been done investigating the effects of capacity pricing on prosumers. Through simulating a grid connected microgrid and solving the day-ahead dispatch problem for a calendar year, we show that a well-designed capacity tariff will not only smooth out demand profiles, but could also lead to less erratic charge/discharge cycles in a real-time pricing scenario, lessening battery degradation. These results show that a properly designed capacity tariff has the potential to be beneficial for both the utilities as well as the battery-owning prosumer. Furthermore, we propose a new, heuristic approach to solve the day-ahead economic dispatch problem, which we prove to be effective and efficient. Additionally, we demonstrate that our novel approach does not impose mathematical restrictions such as continuous differentiability of the objective function. We show that the proposed capacity tariff achieves the stated aim of promoting battery storage uptake and that our novel method allows for compression and shorter run times.
To reduce the consumption and improve the performance of Nafion, a thin polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE)/Nafion (P/N) composite membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application was prepared by impregnating porous PTFE membrane with Nafion solution. The P/N membrane is almost as transparent as commercial Nafion 212 (N212) membrane, which can be easily cut into any desired shape and size. SEM and AFM analyses prove that the Nafion resin uniformly filled into the micro-pores of porous PTFE membrane. Results also show that the swelling ratio, Nafion consumption, water transport and vanadium ions permeability of P/N membrane are smaller than that of N212. The VRB with P/N membrane has higher coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency than that of N212 at all tested current densities, and the average EE of VRB with P/N membrane is 5.2% higher than that of the VRB with N212 at current densities from 40 to 70 mA cm−2. Furthermore, owing to the lower vanadium ions permeability, the self-discharge of the VRB with P/N membrane is much slower than that of the VRB with N212, and 45 cycles charge–discharge test proves that the P/N membrane is very stable and has better capacity retention ability than that of N212.
The aim of this study is to examine the co-occurrences of low serum ferritin and zinc and anaemia among mothers and their children in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia.
To investigate geometric and electrochemical characteristics of Li ion battery electrode with different packing densities, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathode electrodes were fabricated from a 94:3:3 (wt%) mixture of LiCoO2, polymeric binder, and super-P carbon black and calendered to different densities. A synchrotron X-ray nano-computed tomography system with a spatial resolution of 58.2 nm at the Advanced Photon Source of the Argonne National Laboratory was employed to obtain three dimensional morphology data of the electrodes. The morphology data were quantitatively analyzed to characterize their geometric properties, such as porosity, tortuosity, specific surface area, and pore size distribution. The geometric and electrochemical analysis reveal that high packing density electrodes have smaller average pore size and narrower pore size distribution, which improves the electrical contact between carbon-binder matrix and LiCoO2 particles. The better contact improves the capacity and rate capability by reducing the possibility of electrically isolated LiCoO2 particles and increasing the electrochemically active area. The results show that increase of packing density results in higher tortuosity, but electrochemically active area is more crucial to cell performance than tortuosity at up to 3.6 g/cm3 packing density and 4 C rate.