batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Wright AA, Cook CE, Baxter GD, Garcia J, Abbott JH. Relationship between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Physical Function Subscale and physical performance measures in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Objective To examine the convergent and factor validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale (WOMAC-PF) using a battery of physical performance measures (PPMs) in patients with non–end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA). Design Cross-sectional data. Setting A university physiotherapy research center. Participants Patients with a clinical diagnosis of hip OA (N=93) referred for participation in research. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Factor validity of the WOMAC-PF was evaluated by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run to determine whether WOMAC-PF and PPMs were capturing separate aspects of physical function. Covariates including pain, depression, Pain Beliefs Screening Instrument, body mass index, hip flexion, use of an assistive device, and lower-extremity strength were included in the EFA as independent variables. Results CFA of the WOMAC-PF yielded a 1-factor solution accounting for 84% of the variance in the data (eigenvalue=11). EFA yielded a 2-factor solution accounting for 68% of the variance in the data. The PPMs and the WOMAC-PF loaded on separate factors. Conclusions We were unable to confirm a 4-factor solution model of the WOMAC-PF as previously reported. This suggests that the WOMAC-PF shows sufficient factor validity in capturing perceived physical function in patients with non–end-stage hip OA but captures a different construct than that of PPMs, confirming the need for both when evaluating functional outcome. Furthermore, we suggest a new standardized battery of physical performance measures to serve as the criterion standard against which self-report measures could be compared.
The new plasticized polymer electrolyte composed of poly(epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide) (P(ECH-EO)) as host polymer, mixture of γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) and propylenecarbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as plasticizer and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as salt were prepared by simple solution casting technique. The structure and the surface morphological characterization were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopic (POM) measurements respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was carried out on the plasticized polymer electrolyte to observe the change in transition temperature caused by the addition of two different plasticizers (PC and DMF). The thermal stability of the plasticized polymer electrolyte was studied by TG/DTA and found as the plasticizer content increases the thermal stability of the film decreased. Impedance spectroscopy technique was used to study the mode of ion conduction in the plasticized polymer electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity is found to be 5.8×10−4 Scm−1 at 303K for DMF plasticized polymer electrolyte. The electrochemical stability of the plasticized polymer electrolyte has been studied by cyclic voltammetry using aluminum (Al) as the blocking electrodes. The films were found to be electrochemically stable till 1.2V.
The structure and electrochemical activity of electrocatalysts play a vital role in lithium-oxygen battery. Herein, three-dimensional Mn and Ru oxides loaded on multiwall carbon nanotubes (RuO2-MnO2/MWCNTs) was synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal approach and served as cathode of rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. SEM and TEM images both illustrated that RuO2 nanoparticles and MnO2 nanoflakes are well dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs and formed a three-dimensional structure, the cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the RuO2-MnO2/MWCNTs nanocomposite can effectively integrate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of MnO2 and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of RuO2. Electrochemical results demonstrated that the RuO2-MnO2/MWCNTs as oxygen cathode of Li–O2 batteries could maintain a reversible capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 within 94 cycles at a rate of 200 mA g−1 and within 120 cycles at a rate as high as 1000 mA g−1. Moreover, the cell with the catalyst RuO2-MnO2/MWCNTs presented much lower voltage polarization (about 0.68 V at a rate of 50 mA g−1) than that measured with MnO2/MWCNTs during charge/discharge processes. Ex-situ SEM were conducted to investigate the morphology and decomposition of Li2O2, which were formed after discharge and decomposed almost after charge process. The excellent electrochemical performance could be contributed to the three-dimensional structure which benefited the diffusion of oxygen and the storage of Li2O2 as well as the synergy effect of MWCNTs as an ideal conductive support for RuO2-MnO2 as co-catalyst in Li-O2 battery.
Li-rich metal oxides, regarded as a high-voltage composite cathode, is currently one of the hottest positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, due to its high-capacity and high-energy performance. The crystallography, phase composition and morphology can be altered by synthesis parameters, which can influence drastically the capacity and cycling performance. In this work, we demonstrate Li1.207Ni0.127Mn0.54Co0.127O2, obtained by a co-precipitation method, exhibits super-high specific capacity up to 298mAhg−1 and excellent capacity retention of ∼100% up to 50 cycles. Using neutron powder diffraction and transmission X-ray microscopy, we have found that the cooling-treatments applied after sintering during synthesis are crucially important in controlling the phase composition and morphology of the cathodes, thereby influencing the electrochemical performance. Unique spherical microstructure, larger lattice, and higher content of Li-rich monoclinic component can be achieved in the rapid quenching process, whereas severe particle cracking along with the smaller lattice and lower monoclinic component content is obtained when natural cooling of the furnace is applied. Combined with electrochemical impedance spectra, a plausible mechanism is described for the poorer specific capacity and cycling stability of the composite cathodes.
Composite electrodes prepared by electrodeposition of manganese oxide on titanium substrates modified with poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) were investigated and compared with Ti/MnO2 electrodes. The polymer films were prepared by galvanostatic deposition at 2mAcm−2 with different deposition charges (250 and 1500mCcm−2). The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in 1molL−1 Na2SO4 and by scanning electron microscopy. The results show a very significant improvement in the specific capacitance of the oxide due the presence of the polymer coating. For Ti/MnO2 the specific capacitance was of 122Fg−1, while Ti/PMeT250/MnO2 and Ti/PMeT1500/MnO2 displayed values of 218 and 66Fg−1, respectively. If only oxide mass is considered, the capacitances of the composite electrode increases to 381 and 153Fg−1, respectively. The micrographs of samples show that the polymer coating leads to very significant changes in the morphology of the oxide deposit, which in consequence, generate the improvement observed in the charge storage property.
Besides speed and period length, the quality of uniform random number generators (RNGs) is usually assessed by measuring the uniformity of their point sets, formed by taking vectors of successive output values over their entire period length. For F 2 -linear generators, the commonly adopted measures of uniformity are based on the equidistribution of the most significant bits of the output. In this paper, we point out weaknesses of these measures and introduce generalizations that also give importance to the low-order (less significant) bits. These measures look at the equidistribution obtained when we permute the bits of each output value in a certain way. In a parameter search for good generators, a quality criterion based on these new measures of equidistribution helps to avoid generators that fail statistical tests targeting their low-order bits. We also introduce the notion of resolution-stationary generators, whose point sets are invariant under a multiplication by certain powers of 2, modulo 1. For such generators, least significant bits have the same equidistribution properties as the most significant ones. Tausworthe generators have this property. We finally show how an arbitrary F 2 -linear generator can be made resolution-stationary by adding an appropriate linear transformation to the output. This provides new efficient ways of implementing high-quality and long-period Tausworthe generators.
Compared to steady-state current–voltage curves, chronopotentiometric measurements allow us to distinguish the contributions to the overall electric potential difference across a bipolar membrane. In this paper, the characteristic values of the electric potential difference across the bipolar membrane at different times are correlated to the corresponding concentration profiles in the bipolar membrane layers and the ion-transport processes are identified. For over-limiting current densities (i.e. current densities above the limiting current density), it is possible to distinguish the reversible and irreversible contributions to the steady-state electric potential difference. The irreversible contribution is attributed to the energy required to overcome the electric resistance whereas the reversible contribution corresponds to the electrochemical potential due to concentration gradients in the membrane layers. Further, the ohmic resistance of the membrane in equilibrium with the surrounding solution has been compared to the resistance in the transport state. For low current densities, the equilibrium resistance is lower than the transport resistance stemming from internal concentration polarisation. In contrast, the large numbers of hydroxide ions and protons produced at high current densities result in a reduced ohmic transport resistance due to their high ionic mobility. This reduced resistance is not enough to stop the increase of the irreversible contribution with higher current densities. With the possibility to split the steady-state potential into its contributions, bipolar membrane chronopotentiometry is a useful tool to identify transport limitations and to improve bipolar membranes for a reduced overall electric potential.
We previously performed targeted sequencing of autism risk genes in probands from the Autism Clinical and Genetic Resources in China (ACGC) (phase I). Here, we expand this analysis to a larger cohort of patients (ACGC phase II) to better understand the prevalence, inheritance, and genotype–phenotype correlations of likely gene-disrupting (LGD) mutations for autism candidate genes originally identified in cohorts of European descent.
Coulombic efficiency (CE) has been widely used in battery research as a quantifiable indicator for the reversibility of batteries. While CE helps to predict the lifespan of a lithium-ion battery, the prediction is not necessarily accurate in a rechargeable lithium metal battery. Here, we discuss the fundamental definition of CE and unravel its true meaning in lithium-ion batteries and a few representative configurations of lithium metal batteries. Through examining the similarities and differences of CE in lithium-ion batteries and lithium metal batteries, we establish a CE measuring protocol with the aim of developing high-energy long-lasting practical lithium metal batteries. The understanding of CE and the CE protocol are broadly applicable in other rechargeable metal batteries including Zn, Mg and Na batteries.
We present the preparation and characterization of pure lead monoxide obtained through recycling of the lead paste recovered from exhausted lead acid batteries. The recycling is based on a hydrometallurgical procedure reported in a STC Patent, that includes simple chemical operations (desulphurisation, leaching, precipitation, filtration) and a final thermal conversion. Materials obtained by treatment at 600 °C consist predominantly of β-PbO. The electrochemical behaviour of Positive Active Mass (PAM) prepared from different materials (or mixtures) is then investigated and compared. An optimized oxide material, obtained by prolonged (8 h) thermal treatment at 600 °C, consists of pure β-PbO and appears suitable for preparation of battery elements, alone or in mixture with a small fraction (10%–30%) of traditional industrial leady oxide. The resulting battery performances are similar to those obtained from pure leady oxide. In comparison with traditional recycling processes, the proposed method guarantees lower energy consumption, limited environmental impact and reduced operating risk for industry workers.
The development of novel electrolytes for next-generation high voltage lithium ion battery is of primary importance. In this work, a fluorinated phosphazene derivative, ethoxy-(pentafluoro)-cyclotriphosphazene (PFN), is proposed as a novel electrolyte additive for improving the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) cathode. With the addition of PFN, the electrolyte can be preferentially oxidized and decomposed, thus producing some linear polymers, multi-ring polymers, LiNO3, RONO2Li (RONO2: nitrate ester functional group, with R standing for any organic residue), Li3PO4, and ROPO3Li (ROPO3: monoester phosphate) simultaneously. These as-generated materials form a dense, uniform, and thin protective layer on the surface of the cathode material, which suppresses the decomposition of electrolyte and electrode corrosion, correspondingly protecting the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 from structural destruction. Due to the coverage by the protective film and corrosion suppression, charge and discharge tests demonstrate that PFN is effective for improving the cycling stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The discharge capacity of a battery with 5 wt% PFN is 124.4 mAh g−1 and 99.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at the current rates of 0.2 C and 1 C, respectively, which is much better than the performance without PFN. Meanwhile, because of the combined structure of the nonflammable cyclophosphazene and fluorine, the PFN creates a highly synergistic flame retardant effect, and a low content of PFN can almost completely extinguish burning electrolyte, leading to excellent safety performance for the lithium ion battery.
Effects of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) on low temperature performance of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode are investigated in 1molL−1 LiPF6–ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:3:8vol.%). The addition of FEC is found to improve deintercalation capacity, rate performance and cycling performance at low temperature to some extent. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the surface of the MCMB electrode are studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results show that a stabler and more conductive SEI film is formed by introducing the FEC to the electrolyte. Combined with the electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) analysis, the presence of FEC is found to decrease the LiF content in SEI layer, which enhances the ion conductivity of SEI film and accelerates the migration of lithium ion through SEI film.
NASICON-type NaTi2(PO4)3 with open framework shows great prospect in anode for aqueous lithium ion battery (ALIB). Nevertheless, low electrical conductivity and limited structure stability of NaTi2(PO4)3 in aqueous electrolyte result in poor rate and cycling performance. In this work, two strategies of carbon coating and related nitrogen doping were utilized to enhance performance of NaTi2(PO4)3 by sol-gel way, and employed as anode in ALIB. Carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 with various carbon content were controlled by dosage of phenolic resin, and the best sample with carbon content of 4.9% was found. Based on this, loose nanostructured NaTi2(PO4)3 coated by nitrogen-doped carbon (NTP-2-N) was synthesized using urea as pore former and nitrogen source. NTP-2-N demonstrates excellent rate and cycling performance. It delivers the discharge capacity of 115.6, 103.4, and 74.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2, 5, and 20 C, respectively. And 80.7% of discharge capacity is retained after 1000 cycles at 5 C. The outstanding electrochemical performance of NTP-2-N mainly comes from the loose structure, carbon coating, and nitrogen doping, which protect NaTi2(PO4)3 crystal from H2O attack and accelerate the electron/Li ion transfer.
Sago starch is an important source of dietary carbohydrates in lowland Papua New Guinea. Over the past 30 years there have been sporadic reports of severe illness following consumption of sago starch. A common assumption is that fungal metabolites might be associated with the illness, leading to the need for a more thorough investigation of the mycoflora of sago starch. Sago starch was collected from areas of high sago consumption in Papua New Guinea for fungal analysis (69 samples). Storage methods and duration were recorded at the time of collection and pH on arrival at the laboratory. Yeasts were isolated from all samples except two, ranging from 1.2×103 to 8.3×107 cfu/g. Moulds were isolated from 65 of the 69 samples, ranging from 1.0×102 to 3.0×106 cfu/g. Of 44 samples tested for ergosterol content, 42 samples showed the presence of fungal biomass. Statistical analyses indicated that sago starch stored for greater than five weeks yielded significantly higher ergosterol content and higher numbers of moulds than sago stored for less than five weeks. The method of storage was also shown to influence mould numbers with storage in natural woven fibre containers returning significantly greater numbers than present in other storage methods tested. Potentially mycotoxigenic genera of moulds including Aspergillus and Penicillium were commonly isolated from sago starch, and as such storage factors that influence the growth of these and other filamentous fungi might contribute to the safety of traditional sago starch in PNG.
Early prelingual auditory development (EPLAD) is a fundamental and important process in the speech and language development of infants and toddlers. The Infant–Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (ITMAIS) is a widely used measurement tool for EPLAD, however it has not yet undergone a comprehensive psychometric analysis. The aim of this research was to modify and verify the psychometric properties of ITMAIS using a combination of Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT).
We envision a future in which clouds of microcomputers can be sprayed in an environment to provide, by spontaneously networking with each other, an endlessly range of futuristic applications. However, beside the vision, spraying may also act as a powerful metaphor for a range of other scenarios that are already under formation, from ad hoc networks of embedded and mobile devices to worldwide distributed computing. After having detailed the different spray computers scenarios and their applications, this paper discusses the issues related to the design and development of spray computer applications, issues which call for novel autonomic approaches exploiting self-organization as first-class tools. Finally, this paper presents the key research efforts being taken in the area and attempts at defining a rough research agenda.
An agent-based model is developed for investigating the role of individual behaviour and network influence on energy innovation diffusion. Behaviour is based on how agents value specific attributes of a technology, and network effects are disaggregated into indirect influence through exposure to a larger population, and direct influence through personal contacts. We find that network influence can have a positive effect on accelerating the diffusion of new energy innovations, but can be counteracted by risk adverse behaviour. Combined direct and indirect network effects can have as strong an influence on adoption behaviour as personal preferences. Interestingly, we find that indirect influence from the larger population can have a greater effect than direct personal contacts on an individual. This implies a feedback between population and sub-population level signals on adoption behaviour which warrants further exploration as a mechanism to induce individual level change.
The increasing deployment of photovoltaic modules poses the challenge of waste management. Heath et al. review the status of end-of of-life management of silicon solar modules and recommend research and development priorities to facilitate material recovery and recycling of solar modules.
During excitotoxic damage, neuronal death results from the increase in intracellular calcium, the induction of oxidative stress, and a subsequent inflammatory response. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are relevant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during excitotoxic damage. NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) has been particularly related to neuronal damage and death, as well as to the resolution of the subsequent inflammatory response. As ROS are crucial components of the regulation of inflammatory response, in this work, we evaluated the role of NOX-2 in the progression of inflammation resulting from glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage of the striatum in an in vivo model.
The properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with various degree of sulfonation (DS) and casting solvent are investigated for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The optimum DS of SPEEK membrane is firstly confirmed by various characterizations such as physicochemical properties, ion selectivity, and VRFB single-cell performance. Subsequently the optimum casting solvent is selected for the optimum DS SPEEK membrane within N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The different performance of SPEEK membranes prepared with various casting solvents can be attributed to the different interaction between solvent and –SO3H group of SPEEK. In the VRFB single-cell test, the optimum SPEEK membrane with DS of 67% and casting solvent of DMF (S67-DMF membrane) exhibits higher VRFB efficiencies and better cycle-life performance at 80 mA cm−2. The investigation of various DS and casting solvent will be effective guidance on the selection and modification of SPEEK membrane towards VRFB application.
We present a cellular phone-enhanced GPS tracking system (GPS mobile with CTG-001G receiver triangulation) suitable for urban carnivores, in tandem with appropriate home range analysis, as an additional tracking technology option in metropolitan settings. We conduct this proof-of-concept study working with the management of introduced invasive raccoons in Japan (and conditions implicit to this control program).