batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Wearable energy harvester offers clean and continuous power for wearable sensors or devices, and plays an important role in a wide range of applications such as the health monitoring and motion track. In this study, we investigate a small electromagnetic resonance wearable kinetic energy harvester. It consists of a permanent magnet (PM) supported by two elastic strings within a rectangular box form a 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DoF) vibrator. Copper windings are attached to the outer surface of the box to generate electrical energy when the PM is forced to vibrate. To minimize any frictional losses, ferrofluid is used such that the poles of PM are cushioned by the ferrofluid, to the effect that the PM will not touch the inner of the box. Simulation results show that the ferrofluid can keep the PM ‘contactless’ from the box even subject to 10 times gravity acceleration. A prototype is built and tested under different loading conditions. Resistance load experimental results indicate the proposed harvester can generate 1.1 mW in walking condition and 2.28 mW in running condition. An energy storage circuit is employed and the energy storage experimental results show that the average storage power during walking and running conditions are 0.014 mW and 0.149 mW respectively. It is shown that the developed harvester can be readily attached on a shoe to offer continuous power supply for wearable sensors and devices.
Congenital atrichia with papular lesions is a rare, autosomal recessive form of total alopecia and mutations in the hairless (hir) gene have been implicated in this disorder. Published estimates of the prevalence of this disorder remain surprisingly low considering pathogenetic mutations in hir have been found in distinct ethnicities around the world. Therefore, it is likely that congenital atrichia with papular lesions is far more common than previously thought and is often mistaken for its phenocopy, the putative autoimmune form of alopecia universalis. To clarify this discrepancy, we propose criteria for the clinical diagnosis of congenital atrichia with papular lesions. Among these is the novel report of the consistent observation of hypopigmented whitish streaks on the scalp surface of affected individuals. Additionally, we report the identification of a novel missense mutation in hir from a family of Arab Palestinian origin that exhibits the pathognomonic features of atrichia with papular lesions. Collectively, we anticipate that an increased recognition of this disorder will result in more accurate diagnosis and the sparing of unnecessarily treatment to patients.
Huntington's disease is caused by a single mutation resulting in an expanded polyglutamine sequence which causes the production of a mutant variant of the protein huntingtin, which is ultimately responsible for the motor, cognitive and emotional symptoms and early death of the individual. Several mouse models have been created that seek to recapitulate the features of the disease. The present study sought to characterise the HdhQ92 mouse line longitudinally, to determine the nature, extent and age of onset of any behavioural deficits. On each of the tests used the HdhQ92/Q92 mice demonstrated poorer performance than their wildtype littermates, and these performance deficits were age dependent. Of the tests applied acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition proved to be the most sensitive with differences between the mouse groups appearing ∼4 months of age, an age where grip strength differences were also found. Male HdhQ92/Q92 mice started losing weight relative their wildtype littermates from 10 months of age, and water maze performance began to deteriorate from 14 months. There were slight differences in rotarod ability with advancing age, with the HdhQ92/Q92 demonstrating greater variability in performance than their wildtype littermates. Analysis of body weight and the initial stage of the water maze procedure produced clear between group differences, whereas the grip strength, rotarod and acoustic startle tests demonstrated significance only when age was a factor in the analyses, suggesting that changes in the pattern of performance over time were responsible for the differences, rather than overall group effects per se. The results highlight the necessity for the longitudinal assessment of mouse lines to detect subtle behavioural differences experimental groups.
This study tested the common assumption that, to be most effective, working memory (WM) training should be adaptive (i.e., task difficulty is adjusted to individual performance). Indirect evidence for this
assumption stems from studies comparing adaptive training to a condition in which tasks are practiced on the easiest level of difficulty only [cf. Klingberg (Trends Cogn Sci 14:317–324, 2010)], thereby, however, confounding adaptivity and exposure to varying task difficulty. For a more direct test of this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 130 young adults to one of the three WM training procedures (adaptive, randomized, or self-selected change in training task difficulty) or to an active control group. Despite large performance increases in the trained WM tasks, we observed neither transfer to untrained structurally dissimilar WM tasks nor far transfer to reasoning. Surprisingly, neither training nor transfer effects were modulated by training procedure, indicating that exposure to varying levels of task difficulty is sufficient for inducing training gains.
In this work, a novel nano-sulfur/MWCNTs composite with modified multi-wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) as sulfur-fixed matrix for Li/S battery is reported. Based on different solubility of sulfur in different solvents, nano-sulfur/MWCNTs composite was prepared by solvents exchange method. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The modified MWCNTs are considered that not only acts as a conducting material, but also a matrix for sulfur. The electrochemical performance of the nano-sulfur/MWCNTs composite was tested. The results indicated that nano-sulfur/MWCNTs composite had the specific capacity of 1380mAhg−1, 1326mAhg−1 and 1210mAhg−1 in the initial cycle at 100mAg−1, 200mAg−1 and 300mAhg−1 discharge rates respectively, and remained a reversible capacity of 1020mAhg−1, 870mAhg−1 and 810mAhg−1 after 30 cycles. The electrochemical performances confirm that the modified MWCNTs as sulfur-fixed matrix show better ability than any other carbon in cathode of Li/S batteries that had been reported.
The fast charger for electric vehicle (EV) is a complex system that incorporates numerous interconnected subsystems. The interactions among these subsystems require a holistic understanding of the system architecture, control, power electronics, and their overall interaction with the electrical grid system. This review paper presents important aspects of a PV-grid integrated dc fast charger—with a special focus on the charging system components, architecture, operational modes, and control. These include the interaction between the PV power source, grid electricity, energy storage unit (ESU) and power electronics for the chargers. A considerable amount of discussion is also dedicated to battery management systems (BMS) and their mutual interactions in the control processes. For the power electronics, the paper evaluates soft switching non-isolated dc-to-dc power converter topologies that can be possibly used as future EV chargers. In addition to these, a brief discussion on the impact of the PV-grid charging on the ac grid and distribution system and their remedial measures are presented. Furthermore, the challenges in regard to the vehicle to grid (V2G) concept are also described. It is envisaged that the information provided in this paper would be useful as a one-stop document for engineers, researchers and others who require information related to the dc fast charging of EV that incorporates a renewable energy source.
Hydrogen evolution assisted (HEA) electroplating has shown some potentials to be used for rapid lateral copper electrodeposition. A lateral electric field was established between the two cathodes while the voltage between the anode and one cathode was set to be high enough for water electrolysis and hydrogen evolution. In this work, the effect of concentrations of cupric sulfate (CuSO4) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the electrolyte on the lateral deposition rate and the deposited layer morphology was studied. We have found that incrementing the acid concentration in the aqueous acidic solution to 1.0 M (H2SO4) and 1.5 M (H2SO4) accelerates the deposition rate to 15.38 and 15.6 μm s−1, respectively, by the interaction of hydrogen bubbles with the surface of the electrode being plated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed to analyze the morphology of the deposited copper after the completion of the procedure. The technique was also tested for soldering electronic components which demonstrated the potential of using the method for soldering at low temperatures suitable for wearable electronics.
The formation process for lithium ion batteries typically takes several days or more, and it is necessary for providing a stable solid electrolyte interphase on the anode (at low potentials vs. Li/Li+) for preventing irreversible consumption of electrolyte and lithium ions. An analogous layer known as the cathode electrolyte interphase layer forms at the cathode at high potentials vs. Li/Li+. However, several days, or even up to a week, of these processes result in either lower LIB production rates or a prohibitively large size of charging-discharging equipment and space (i.e. excessive capital cost). In this study, a fast and effective electrolyte interphase formation protocol is proposed and compared with an Oak Ridge National Laboratory baseline protocol. Graphite, NMC 532, and 1.2 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate were used as anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes, respectively. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show the new protocol reduced surface film (electrolyte interphase) resistances, and 1300 aging cycles show an improvement in capacity retention.
Polyaniline (PANI) salt was prepared with 3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPS) as a novel dopant by aqueous polymerization pathway. Effects of sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant, mineral acid (H2SO4), and a combination of surfactant with mineral acid during the polymerization reaction were also determined. PANI-CAPS showed semicrystalline with flake-like morphology. The use of the sodium lauryl sulfate along with CAPS resulted in the formation of highly crystalline nanospheres with flake-like morphology. In order to find out the effect of surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate was used in the reaction. The combination of sodium lauryl sulfate, CAPS, and H2SO4 brings about an extended nanosphere morphology. These polyaniline salts were used as electrode materials in the supercapacitor application, in a symmetric two-electrode cell configuration. The values of specific capacitance, energy, and power densities of PANI-CAPS-DHS-H2SO4 material at 2 mA cm−2 were 495 F g−1, 90 kJ kg−1, and 120 J Kg−1 s−1, respectively. Moreover, 85 % of the original capacitance was retained after 3,000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 96–99 %. The value of phase angle is close to 90 at low frequencies, indicating a good capacitive behavior.
Aqueous zinc batteries are promising in daily quick energy storage, but their commercialization is limited by the poor rate capability and low capacity of Zn-ion hosts, especially at practical-level mass loadings (>10 milligrams per square centimeter). This work reports a kind of aromatic organic molecular crystal, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, as an ultrahigh-rate host for Zn ions by enhancing the π–π stacking interaction to promote its ion transport kinetics. The interconnected layered structure with strong π–π stacking interaction enables fast electron transportation, and 1-D ion tunnels provide highways for rapid ion transportation. A zinc battery using such a host material displays high-rate capability (62.6% capacity remains from 1.6 C to 260.4 C), superior power density (14.8 kW kg−1) and excellent energy storage capacity reservation at high mass loading (83.6% capacity remains from 2.5 mg cm−2 to 12.3 mg cm−2), providing insight into host design for achieving ultrafast Zn-ion storage toward practical applications.
Mesoporous flake-like β-Na0.33V2O5 has been successfully fabricated via a facile hydrothermal reaction with subsequent calcinations. The flake-like β-Na0.33V2O5 particles with an average thickness of about 100nm, are composed of small nanorods, exhibiting the mesoporous structures. The electrochemical performance demonstrate that β-Na0.33V2O5 with 3D tunneled crystal structure has high specific discharge capacity, good rate capability and cyclic stability. It delivers high specific discharge capacities of 339 and 226mA h g−1 at the current densities of 20 and 300mAg−1, respectively. The structural stability of β-Na0.33V2O5 upon cycling has been investigated by ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicates the β-Na0.33V2O5 has excellent crystal structural reversibility in the voltage range of 1.5∼4V. Considering its surprising distinct plateaus and excellent structural stability, the β-Na0.33V2O5 material is a promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
The electrocatalytic oxidation of small molecules such as methanol and water is the crucial part of energy storage/generation technologies such as fuel cell and metal-air batteries. However, the high overpotential, sluggish reaction dynamics and low stability of electrode materials are the main barriers in developing an excellent catalyst for the anodic electro-oxidation process. To overcome such problems, we developed an easy synthesis root for the preparation of novel mesoporous (MP) Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 using a template-free hydrothermal and subsequent annealing method. In which, we used diethylenetriamine as a complexing agent, which was able to control crystal growth of corresponding metal hydroxide, leading to the formation of a mesoporous structure. Results show that the MP-NiCo2O4 exhibits a current density of 10.0mAcm−2 even at a lower potential (286mV vs. Ag/AgCl) for methanol oxidation reaction compared to that of MP-Co3O4. On the other hand, both MP-Co3O4 and MP-NiCo2O4 display excellent electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation with lower onset potential and overpotential (MP-Co3O4 ɳ10 =302mV and MP-NiCo2O4 ɳ10 =322mV). The excellent electrochemical performance suggests that this mesoporous MP-NiCo2O4 and MP-Co3O4 could be potential candidates for energy and environmentally related applications.
1H,1H,5H-Perfluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylether (F-EAE) mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is evaluated as a co-solvent high-potential electrolyte of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/graphite batteries. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicate that the EC/DEC-based electrolyte with F-EAE possesses a high oxidation potential (>5.2 V vs. Li/Li+) and excellent film-forming characteristics. With 40 wt% F-EAE in the electrolyte, the capacity retention of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/graphite pouch cells that are cycled between 3.0 and 4.5 V is significantly improved from 28.8% to 86.8% after 100 cycles. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of three-electrode pouch cells, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to characterize the effects of F-EAE on the enhanced capacity retention. It is demonstrated that F-EAE facilitates the formation of a stable surface electrolyte interface (SEI) layer with low impedance on the anode and effectively suppresses an increase in the charge-transfer resistance on the cathode. These results suggest that F-EAE can serve as an alternative electrolyte solvent for 4.5 V high voltage rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
This paper examines the impact of liberal-conservative ideology on voting behavior in the 2004 presidential election, using data from the CPS National Election Study for that year. The empirical results show that there was widespread recognition of the candidates' and parties' ideological positions. However, liberal-conservative identifications exerted no direct impact on voting choices within the 2004 electorate. On the other hand, liberal-conservative identifications did show an indirect effect which operated through their influence on the more proximate determinants of electoral decisions. These findings clarify the role of ideology in the 2004 presidential election. They also conform very closely to the basic theoretical structure laid out in The American Voter. This paper examines the role of ideology as a determinant of recent voting behavior in the American electorate. The analysis uses data from the 2004 CPS National Election Study, and the empirical results suggest a somewhat complicated interpretation. On the one hand, liberal-conservative orientations had no direct impact whatsoever on citizens' voting choices. On the other hand, mass perceptions and evaluations of the candidates, issues, and conditions within the external environment were clearly structured along ideological lines. And, the latter did influence electoral decisions. Therefore, liberal-conservative ideology exerted an important, but completely indirect, effect on citizens' 2004 voting choices. These findings have important implications, not only for understanding the role of ideology in American elections, but also for theories of voting behavior.
This paper presents synthesis and electrochemical properties of tetragonal lithium manganese dioxide, Li2Mn2O4 and its cobalt doped analogue Li2Co0.4Mn1.6O4. The materials are compared as host materials for lithium insertion and the behavior during the initial lithium extraction as well as on repeated cycling is presented. These materials show an initial lithium extraction capacity between 200 and 270 mAh/g. On repeated cycling, they are converted into spinel-like lattices with reversible capacities in the range 82–90 mAh/g. As they are chemically compatible with the manganese spinel, they will be well suited as additives compensating for the capacity loss during the initial forming cycle of spinel-based lithium-ion cells.
In the recent years, small scale power generation has been recognized as a suitable option for energy access in isolated rural areas due to uneconomical grid extension. A techno-economic feasibility study on the development of an Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) is carried out in the paper in order to meet the electrical and cooking energy demands of cluster of village hamlets of Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state (India). An attempt has been made to estimate the potential of locally available renewable energy resources and demands of the study area. The selection of small wind turbine model for the site specified is performed among the various models available in market. Further, nine different combinations of renewable energy resources have been investigated by considering economic, technical and social aspect criteria. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has also been carried out in order to determine the most sensitive parameter of the system.
Electricity storage encompasses a disparate list of technologies such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, compressed-air energy storage, chemical batteries and flywheels. These technologies can provide the electricity system with heterogeneous services of energy transfers across months, weeks, days or intra-days, power transfers for an hour, a few minutes or seconds, and can assist operators in load following, frequency control, and uninterrupted power supply. The paper presents a unified economic analysis of these technologies and services. We underline the role of charge and discharge durations as a criterion for economic segmentation of technologies and services. We highlight the complementary value of storage in electricity systems with a high share of low variable cost and low carbon generation (nuclear, hydro, wind power, solar photovoltaic). We also underline the limited substitution value of storage for generation with high variable cost (gas combustion-turbines or gas-oil motor engines), given the high cost of state-of-the-art storage technologies, the current low cost of fossil fuels and low price of carbon emissions.
We propose new membraneless microfluidic fuel cell architectures employing graphite rod electrodes. Commonly employed as mechanical pencil refills, graphite rods are inexpensive and serve effectively as both electrode and current collector for combined all-vanadium fuel/oxidant systems. In contrast to film-deposited electrodes, the geometry and mechanical properties of graphite rods enable unique three-dimensional microfluidic fuel cell architectures. Planar microfluidic fuel cells employing graphite rod electrodes are presented here first. The planar geometry is typical of microfluidic fuel cells presented to date, and permits fuel cell performance comparisons and the evaluation of graphite rods as electrodes. The planar cells produce a peak power density of 35mWcm−2 at 0.8V using 2M vanadium solutions, and provide steady operation at flow rates spanning four orders of magnitude. Numerical simulations and empirical scaling laws are developed to provide insight into the measured performance and graphite rods as fuel cell electrodes. We also present the first three-dimensional microfluidic fuel cell architecture with multiple electrodes. The proposed fuel cell architecture, consisting of a hexagonal array of graphite rods, enables scale-up/integration of microfluidic fuel cell technology as well as power conditioning flexibility beyond that of the traditional fuel cell stack. When provided the same flow rate as the planar cell, the array cell generated an order of magnitude higher power output. The array architecture also enabled unprecedented levels of single pass fuel utilization, up to 78%.
Wireless actor and sensor networks (WSANs) are increasingly being deployed for accurate monitoring of physical environments subjected to critical conditions such as fire, leaking of toxic gases and explosions. The order in which events are received can determine the correct interpretation of what is occurring in the physical environment being monitored. Therefore, the ordering of events in WSANs can be a major requirement for critical security monitoring applications to avoid ambiguities, increasing monitoring accuracy. This paper presents OBC (Ordering by Confirmation), a novel protocol for event ordering in WSANs. This low latency and energy aware protocol maximizes the network lifetime by ordering events through a confirmation mechanism, independent of network topology. OBC was evaluated against existing solutions, showing that it can provide a larger network lifetime as well as save more energy and achieve lower latencies in situations where the network density, event rate and network dimension increase. The main goal of this protocol is to meet the needs of critical conditions monitoring applications, contributing to reduce death risks and patrimony losses.
Exploratory studies on small plastic lithium-ion battery test cells with improved cathode material show high pulse power capability and outstanding stability both in a 25°C pulse cycling test and in a 55°C calendar life test. Typical discharge pulse power values are 60mW/cm2. After 50,000 pulse cycles at 5C rates, cells at 25°C retain 100% of their initial 1C capacity and 75% of their pulse power capability. After 60 days at 55°C, cells measured at 25°C retain 98% of their initial 1C capacity and 70% of their pulse power capability. This performance is an excellent basis for the development of long life batteries for hybrid vehicles, as shown by a calculated scale up to a 30kW hybrid battery for a “Fast Response Engine”.