batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Background The efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjunctive armodafinil for cognitive performance, and negative and affective symptoms, were examined in 60 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method This was a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed dose trial of armodafinil (150mg/d) augmentation in patients with clinically stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Cognition, psychopathology, alertness/wakefulness and adverse effects were assessed with standardized rating instruments. The primary endpoint was performance on measures of attention/vigilance. Results Patients were randomly allocated to adjunctive armodafinil or placebo. There was a significant Drug×Time interaction effect for attention/vigilance, due to modest non-significant worsening in the armodafinil group and improvement in the armodafinil group [CPT-Pairs d′, F(1,40)=6.2, p=0.017]. However, it became non-significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were no differences between armodafinil and placebo in other cognitive domains or psychopathology measures. However, armodafinil was associated with significant improvement in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) anhedonia–asociality [F(1,41)=4.1, p=0.05]. Conclusions There were no significant differences in neurocognitive measures between adjunctive armodafinil and placebo in this 6-week study. Armodafinil improved anhedonia–asociality, but not other negative symptom domains.
Landfills are significant sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) that contributes to climate change, and therefore there is a need to reduce CH4 emissions from landfills. A promising cost efficient technology is to integrate compost into landfill covers (so-called “biocovers”) to enhance biological oxidation of CH4. A full scale biocover system to reduce CH4 emissions was installed at Fakse landfill, Denmark using composted yard waste as active material supporting CH4 oxidation. Ten biowindows with a total area of 5000m2 were integrated into the existing cover at the 12ha site. To increase CH4 load to the biowindows, leachate wells were capped, and clay was added to slopes at the site. Point measurements using flux chambers suggested in most cases that almost all CH4 was oxidized, but more detailed studies on emissions from the site after installation of the biocover as well as measurements of total CH4 emissions showed that a significant portion of the emission quantified in the baseline study continued unabated from the site. Total emission measurements suggested a reduction in CH4 emission of approximately 28% at the end of the one year monitoring period. This was supported by analysis of stable carbon isotopes which showed an increase in oxidation efficiency from 16% to 41%. The project documented that integrating approaches such a whole landfill emission measurements using tracer techniques or stable carbon isotope measurements of ambient air samples are needed to document CH4 mitigation efficiencies of biocover systems. The study also revealed that there still exist several challenges to better optimize the functionality. The most important challenges are to control gas flow and evenly distribute the gas into the biocovers.
Verb production in agrammatic Broca’s aphasia has repeatedly been shown to be impaired by a number of investigators. Not only is the number of verbs produced often significantly reduced, but verb inflections and auxiliaries are often omitted as well (e.g., Bastiaanse, Jonkers, & Moltmaker-Osinga, 1996; Saffran, Berndt, & Schwartz, 1989; Thompson, Shapiro, Li, & Schendel, 1994, 1997). It has been suggested that these problems are, in part, caused by the fact that finite verbs need to be moved from their base-generated position to inflectional nodes in the syntactic tree (e.g., Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998). Others have suggested that production deficits in agrammatism can be predicted based on the position that certain structures take in the syntactic tree (Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997; Hagiwara, 1995). If the former theory is correct, several predictions can be made. First of all, the discrepancy between production of finite verbs in the matrix and embedded clause that has been found for Dutch (Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998) should not be observed in English, since the word order of the matrix and embedded clause are the same in the latter language. Second, if verb movement (including movement of auxiliaries) is problematic for speakers with agrammatic aphasia, then a hierarchy in the production of auxiliaries in yes/no questions, auxiliaries, and finite verbs in declarative sentences in English would be expected, since the former has been moved and the two latter are in base-generated position. In the present paper, these hypotheses were tested in a cross-linguistic study of Dutch and English. Results showed the position in the syntactic tree does not predict deficit patterns; rather the critical factor appears to relate to whether or not verb or auxiliary movement is required.
Objectives To assess the association between physical fitness and fibromyalgia (FM) severity in women with FM as well as to assess whether different fitness components present an independent relation with FM severity. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting University facilities and FM associations. Participants Women with FM (N=444). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures FM severity was assessed with the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR). Aerobic fitness (6-min walk test), muscle strength (handgrip, chair stand, and arm curl tests), flexibility (chair sit and reach and back scratch tests), and motor agility (8 foot Up and Go test) were measured with the Senior Fitness Test battery and digital dynamometry. A standardized composite score (hereafter “global fitness profile”) was calculated and divided into quintiles. Results Overall, physical fitness was significantly associated with the FIQR total and subscale scores, regardless of the fitness test used (all P<.05). The 6-minute walk and back-scratch tests were independently associated with the FIQR total score (R 2=.88; both P<.005). The group with the highest global fitness profile had 16% lower FM severity than did the group with the lowest global fitness profile (P<.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that higher physical fitness is consistently associated with lower FM severity in women with FM. Aerobic fitness and flexibility present independent associations with FM severity. However, the FIQR variability explained by these fitness tests was rather low (<10%), and further research on the potential disagreement between performance-based physical fitness and different self-reported outcomes in women with FM is warranted.
Owing to the sporadic nature of demand for aircraft maintenance repair parts, airline operators perceive difficulties in parts demand forecasting. In this paper we investigate the sources of demand lumpiness, as a function of flying hours, that may affect the parts demand rate. Experimental results of demand lumpiness, measured by the square coefficient of variation (CV2) and the average inter-demand interval (ADI), are examined and clarified through statistical analysis. The general linear model approach is used to explain the variation attributable to the various experimental factors and their interactions. Actual historical data for hard-time and condition-monitoring components from an airlines operator are used. This study shows that aircraft utilization rate can be a major source of lumpiness since it increases and decreases the square coefficient of variation and the average inter-demand interval respectively for the observed demand. This assumes a strictly linear relationship between demand and flying hours/landings.
H+ and Fe3+ ions co–doped polyaniline were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry onto the stainless steel mesh with various concentration of ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) in electrolyte. The structure and morphology of PANI and PANI/Fe3+ films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The electrochemical properties of PANI and PANI/Fe3+ films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.5molL−1 H2SO4 electrolyte in three–electrode system. The PANI/0.2M Fe3+ film shows a larger specific capacitance of 602F g−1 at a current density of 3mA/cm2 and lower resistance compared with the pure PANI film. The relationship between electrochemical properties of a serious of transition metal ions doped PANI/Mn+ (Mn+ =Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+) films and the ratio of electronic affinity and ionic radius (Ea/r) has also been researched.
Porous nickel foam is used as a substrate for the development of rechargeable zinc//polyaniline battery, and the cathode electrophoresis of PANI microparticles in non-aqueous solution is applied to the fabrication of Ni foam supported PANI electrode, in which the corrosion of the nickel foam substrate is prohibited. The Ni foam supported PANI cathode with high loading is prepared by PANI electrophoretic deposition, and followed by PANI slurry casting under vacuum filtration. The electrochemical charge storage performance for PANI material is significantly improved by using nickel foam substrate via the electrophoretic interlayer. The specific capacity of the nickel foam-PANI electrode with the electrophoretic layer is higher than the composite electrode without the electrophoretic layer, and the specific capacity of PANI supported by Ni foam reaches up to 183.28 mAh g−1 at the working current of 2.5 mA cm−2. The present electrophoresis deposition method plays the facile procedure for the immobilization of PANI microparticles onto the surface of non-platinum metals, and it becomes feasible to the use of the Ni foam supported PANI composite cathode for the Zn/PANI battery in weak acidic electrolyte.
Much effort is currently made to develop inexpensive and renewable materials which can replace the polyolefin microporous separators conventionally used in contemporary lithium-ion batteries. In the present work, it is demonstrated that mesoporous Cladophora cellulose (CC) separators constitute very promising alternatives based on their high crystallinity, good thermal stability and straightforward manufacturing. The CC separators, which are fabricated using an undemanding paper-making like process involving vacuum filtration, have a typical thickness of about 35 μm, an average pore size of about 20 nm, a Young's modulus of 5.9 GPa and also exhibit an ionic conductivity of 0.4 mS cm−1 after soaking with 1 M LiPF6 EC: DEC (1/1, v/v) electrolyte. The CC separators are demonstrated to be thermally stable at 150 °C and electrochemically inert in the potential range between 0 and 5 V vs. Li+/Li. A LiFePO4/Li cell containing a CC separator showed good cycling stability with 99.5% discharge capacity retention after 50 cycles at a rate of 0.2 C. These results indicate that the renewable CC separators are well-suited for use in high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Advanced experimental setups and measurement techniques are crucial for investigating and systematically improving interface characteristics. In this study we introduce an interface-cell, which allows the systematic analysis of liquid/solid electrolyte interfaces via four-point measurements. The functionality of this setup is demonstrated by analysing the impact of parameter variations on the aqueous interface of lithium lanthanum titanate (Li3xLa2/3−xTiO3, LLTO) solid electrolytes as used in Lithium–air batteries. By variation of real operating conditions their impact on cycling performance is highlighted. Examples include temperature (0 to +25 °C) and state of charge (SoC), which induces an alteration of pH (here pH ≈ 6–14) and Li+-concentration (here 0.057 mol L−1 to 10.62 mol L−1). Interestingly, a change of the polarization resistance greater than two orders of magnitude (250 Ωcm2–25,000 Ωcm2) could be identified. The proven dependency of the interface to both the pH and Li+-concentration is explained by an H+/Li+-exchange reaction at the LLTO/H2O-interface. Additionally, we were able to determine the solely grain boundary resistance (∼250 Ωcm2 at 25 °C) of the LLTO samples, without the impact of blocking electrodes. A temperature variation revealed the activation energies of the processes to be 0.4 eV (grain boundary) and 0.46 eV (interface). These results were then critically evaluated in the context of aqueous Lithium–air batteries.
Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFEP) is investigated as an electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode at high operating voltage (4.6V). Charge/discharge measurements demonstrate that TTFEP is effective to improve the cycling stability and rate capability of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode. The capacity retention of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/Li cell with 1% TTFEP-containing electrolyte reaches up to 85.4% after 100 cycles at 0.5C (1C=160mAg−1), while that of the cell with the baseline electrolyte (1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC electrolyte) only remains 74.2%. Moreover, the discharge capacity of the cathode with 1% TTFEP-containing electrolyte could maintain around 112.0mAhg−1 at 4C. Based on the characterization of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a protective interphase film formed on the cathode surface can be found due to the preferential oxidation of TTFEP, which inhibits the electrolyte decomposition and mitigates the cathode structural destruction, leading to the improved electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode at high voltage.
Evidence of callosal dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was examined using a test of bimanual coordination. MS patients were slower than non-patients on the Bimanual Coordination Test (BCT) on both unimanual trials (simple motor speed) and bimanual trials (intermanual coordination). Further, when compared to normals, MS patients exhibited a substantially greater difference between bimanual and unimanual response time, suggesting a deficit in interhemispheric motor interactions. A subgroup of MS subjects who showed markedly inefficient callosal transmission had previously been identified on the basis of abnormal evoked potentials (low amplitude cross-callosal evoked potentials). In comparisons of MS subgroups, the deficit in bimanual motor coordination was found only in MS patients with EP evidence of inefficient callosal transmission. These data support the conclusion that deficits in bimanual motor coordination occur in MS and that these deficits are related to callosal dysfunction.
A composite separator is prepared to improve the safety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) based on a gravure coating aqueous slurry and post-hot-pressing method. An environmentally friendly aqueous slurry with an Al2O3 ceramic holder and polyvinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dual-binders is coated on a polyolefin (PE) substrate to form a prototype Al-PHC/PE separator. Then, after assembling the separator in the batteries and hot-pressing at 70°C and 0.8MPa for 3h, the granular PVdF-HFP is transformed into a colloidal structure containing an electrolyte, which can binds the Al2O3 nanoparticles together and increases the battery hardness. Compared with a PE separator (9μm), the Al-PHC/PE-2 separator (12μm, with a Al2O3/PVdF-HFP weight ratio of 7/3) displays a comparative ionic conductivity of 9.3×10−4 Scm−2 and exhibits no obvious thermal deformation at 110°C for 60min. All of the batteries assembled with Al-PHC/PE-2 separators passed nail penetration and impact tests. In addition, the capacity retention increases from 83.4% to 87.6% when the battery is assembled with Al-PHC/PE-2 instead of a PE separator and charge-discharged at 0.7C/1.0C for 350 cycles. The enhanced safety and cycle performance indicate the promising prospect of Al-PHC/PE separators in LIBs.
Biomarkers yield information as to whether an organism has been exposed to a xenobiotic (biomarkers of exposure), about the response of the organism exposed to the xenobiotic (biomarkers of effect), or about the susceptibility of the organism to xenobiotics. Biomarkers of exposure can be used to biomonitor xenobiotic exposure, even after the organism has lost physical contact with xenobiotics. In this way, adducts formed between the xenobiotic or its metabolites and an endogenous molecule are especially interesting because they remain in organisms for a longer time than the latter, circulating as free chemicals (unbound to endogenous molecules). Biomarkers of effect (response) can be used to test the consequences of exposure on the exposed organism, while biomarkers of susceptibility can be employed to predict the intensity of this effect (response). Biomarkers can yield valuable information for risk assessment when they are analyzed in an integrated strategy that considers a battery of several biomarkers of each of these three categories.
Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanostructured metal sulfide materials have shown excellent electrochemical performance. Among them, the natural semiconductor cobalt disulfide (CoS) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors owing to its two-dimensional layered structure and fast carrier transmission. However, the curling of the CoS layers and the structural stability of CoS materials should be improved. In this context, we developed a facile solvothermal method to fabricate CoS-AC composite to solve the inherent defects of individual materials. The AC both increased the electrical conductivity of the electrode and supported the active species, thus improving the stability of the composite during the charge–discharge processes. Furthermore, the addition of K3Fe(CN)6 to the electrolyte to form a redox electrolyte largely enhanced the pseudocapacitance. The CoS-AC composite exhibited a high specific capacitance of 797.79 F g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1. The as-prepared CoS-AC//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device showed a superior cycling stability (77.53% maintained after 2000 cycles). The synergy between the electrode and the redox electrolyte was crucial for improving the supercapacitor performance.
The electrochemical surface transformations and diverse applications of a variety of metals and semiconductors in a wide range of fluoride media such as aqueous, non-aqueous media, liquid HF media, room temperature fluoride melts and molten fluoride media with a melting range covering 50–1000°C are reviewed. Nickel shows excellent corrosion resistance in the absence of water. The anodic performance of this metal in electrochemical perfluorination and NF3 production is discussed. Compact carbon materials serve as anodes in fluorine generators. In high temperature melts, they perform as consumable anodes. Graphitic carbon undergoes intercalation/de-intercalation process and related battery applications. Cu/CuF2 couple is a good reference electrode. Pt and vitreous carbon materials are the inert electrodes of choice for electro analytical applications. Electrodeposition of Lithium as a non-dendritic uniform phase is important in Lithium metal based secondary batteries. High temperature fluoride melts are used in electro-deposition of valve metals such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. The stability and decomposition of fluoride complexes in these media are of interest.
In this article, a flexible free-standing MoS2 based paper-electrode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was assembled according to a solution-based papermaking process and subsequent in situ carbonization. The ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets as active materials were efficiently exfoliated from bulk counterparts using TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as assistant agents. Meanwhile, the oxidized CNF was utilized both as biobased binder and fibrous skeletons for the fabrication of hierarchical MoS2 hybrid films. The MoS2 based nanoarchitectures were finally achieved with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers and further in situ carbonized under argon atmospheres. The in situ carbonization improved the electrical conductivity and specific surface area dramatically. The flexible paper-electrode assembled with ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets, carbonized CNF (C-CNF) and CNTs exhibited enhanced performance with a high specific capacity, nice rate capability, and long time cycling stability. The carbonized MoS2/CNF/CNTs hybrid film can directly act as an ideal paper-electrode for LIBs without using traditional metallic current collector makes it appropriate for the next-generation flexible/wearable electronics in future.
Joyce Laird speaks to organisers and delegates who will be attending the EPMA World Congress & Exhibition and finds that a mood of tentative optimism prevails…
The aim of this paper is to develop a decision support tool for investment decision making, optimal sizing, and operation scheduling of grid-connected PV/battery system with respect to dynamics of periodical weather data, electricity price, PV/battery system cost, PV/battery specifications, desired reliability, and other critical design and operational parameters. We have reviewed the literature on historical development of models for PV-battery systems sizing. A multi-period mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is then introduced with the objective of maximizing the net present value of cash flow (for investment analysis) or the savings in electricity bill (for operation scheduling). For investment decision analysis, the model is capable to identify whether it is economical to invest in PV and/or battery systems, and if positive it can find the best PV and/or battery systems from the mix of available options. Furthermore, the model defines the optimal size of selected PV and/or battery systems. The model will select one or a combination of a few systems if feasible. All these decision variables are identified concurrently with finding the optimal operation schedule of the PV and/or battery systems at each period over the planning horizon. These variables include power flows of grid-to-load, PV-to-load, battery-to-load, battery-to-grid, grid-to-battery, PV-to-battery, PV-to-grid as well as battery state-of charge. This decision support program enables the consumer (ranging from a small house to large-scale industrial plants) to implement the most efficient electricity management strategy while achieving the goal of minimizing the electricity bill.
Graphene nanosheets are synthesized by a novel facile method involving freeze-drying technology and thermal reduction. The microstructure and morphologies are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that graphene nanosheets with high specific surface area (358.3 m2 g−1) and increased interlayer distance (0.385 nm) are successfully obtained through the freeze-drying process. The electrochemical performances are evaluated by using coin-type cells versus lithium. A high initial reversible capacity of 1132.9 mAh g−1 is obtained at a current density of 100 mA g−1. More importantly, even after 300 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, a stable specific capacity of 556.9 mAh g−1 can be achieved, suggesting the graphene nanosheets exhibit superior cycle stability. The fascinating electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the high specific surface area and the increased layer distance between the graphene nanosheets.