batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Free-standing, flexible, paper-like Fe2O3/graphene/carbon nanotubes (Fe2O3/GCNTs) ternary hybrid film with a three-dimensional hierarchical structure is synthesized through a simple filtration and a subsequent reduction process. The Fe2O3 particles are densely anchored onto the GCNTs conducting network, which serves as an ideal host for fast and efficient lithium storage. The layered GCNTs network not only withstands the huge stresses caused by Fe2O3 expansion/extraction but prevents the agglomeration of Fe2O3 upon continuous charging/discharging. The as-synthesized Fe2O3/GCNTs hybrid film is directly used as an anode for both half and full lithium-ion cells. Electrochemical measurement results indicate a high reversible capacity and a good rate capability can be realized on the hybrid when tested in half cell system. Furthermore, the prepared anode also shows favorable operation in full cell system comprising LiCoO2 cathode. These superior electrochemical performances of the hybrid film can be ascribed to the unique micro-structure, surface properties, and the strong synergistic effects among the individual component.
Reliable online estimation of state of charge (SOC) and capacity is critically important for the battery management system (BMS). This paper presents a multi-timescale method for dual estimation of SOC and capacity with an online identified battery model. The model parameter estimator and the dual estimator are fully decoupled and executed with different timescales to improve the model accuracy and stability. Specifically, the model parameters are online adapted with the vector-type recursive least squares (VRLS) to address the different variation rates of them. Based on the online adapted battery model, the Kalman filter (KF)-based SOC estimator and RLS-based capacity estimator are formulated and integrated in the form of dual estimation. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method estimates the model parameters, SOC, and capacity in real time with fast convergence and high accuracy. Experiments on both lithium-ion battery and vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) verify the generality of the proposed method on multiple battery chemistries. The proposed method is also compared with other existing methods on the computational cost to reveal its superiority for practical application.
Fast progresses have been made for Li3VO4 since it is firstly reported as an anode material in 2013. However, most of current works focus on its performance improvement in capacity, rate and cycle capability, little study has been done to address its charge/discharge mechanism. Herein, we try to give a comprehensive understanding of its charge/discharge behaviours and capacity loss mechanism. By controlling the depth of discharge, it is found that the first irreversible capacity loss is related to the formation of SEI film as well as the structure distortion initiated by first lithiation. And the cycle performance of Li3VO4 can also be influenced by the discharge depth. First principle calculation is also performed to predict the structure changes of Li3VO4 upon different Li insertion amounts, and the results prove that the volume expansion and crystal distortion becomes more irreversibly at deep discharge. Along with cycle number, the accumulated structure deterioration results in the decline of material crystallization and structure orders, leading to capacity loss upon cycles. Based on the systematically analysis, future optimization of Li3VO4 are also proposed, for instance, the interface modification by surface coating or optimization of electrolyte components, and structure stabilization by ion doping.
The medial thalamus (MT) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are essential components in mediating the affective emotional-aspect of pain. Whether ACC modulates the neuron activity in MT has not been elucidated and clarifying this point will further reveal the neurobiological mechanism underlying pain related emotions. In the present study, we used in vivo single unit recording and retrograde tracing technique to demonstrate that the majority of examined neurons in the central lateral nucleus (CL), an important nucleus of MT, responded to noxious stimulation. Tetanic stimulation in the ACC increased spike activities of nociceptive-responding neurons in the CL; retrograde tracing by fluorogold in the CL showed the positive neurons are distributed bilaterally in the ACC. Taken together, we demonstrated descending modulation to nociceptive responses of CL neurons by direct projections from the ACC, which may underlie the neuronal mechanism of negative pain emotions.
Approximately 38% of current UK greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to the energy supply sector. Losses in the current electricity supply system amount to around 65% of the primary energy input, mainly due to heat wasted during centralised production. Micro-generation and other decentralised technologies have the potential to dramatically reduce these losses because, when fossil fuels are used, the heat generated by localised electricity production can be captured and utilised for space and water heating. Heat and electricity can also be produced locally by renewable sources. Prospects and barriers to domestic micro-generation in the UK are outlined, with reference to the process of technological innovation, energy policy options, and the current status of the micro-generation industry. Requirements for the main technology options, typical energy outputs, costs to consumers, and numbers of installed systems are given where data is available. It is concluded that while micro-generation has the potential to contribute favourably to energy supply, there remain substantial barriers to a significant rise in the use of micro-generation in the UK.
Since the efficiency of fuel cells is the ratio of the electrical power output and the fuel input, it is a function of power density, system pressure, and stoichiometric ratios of hydrogen and oxygen. Typically, the fuel cell efficiency decreases as its power output increases. In order for the fuel cell system to obtain highly efficient operation with the same power generation, more cells and other auxiliaries such as a high-capacity compressor system, etc. are required. In other words, fuel cell efficiency is closely related to fuel cell economics. Therefore, an optimum efficiency should exist and should result in the definition of a cost-effective fuel cell system. Using a multi-objective optimization technique, the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, the efficiency and cost of a fuel cell system have been optimized under various operating conditions. This paper has obtained some analytical results that provide a useful suggestion for the design of a cost-effective fuel cell system with high operation efficiency.
We describe features of a patient that broadens the clinical and pathological spectrum of neurofilament inclusion disease (NFID). The patient was a 52-year-old man with a 5–6 year history of progressive, asymmetrical spastic weakness of the upper and lower extremities; l-DOPA-unresponsive parkinsonism; and SPECT evidence of asymmetrical frontoparietal and basal ganglia hypoperfusion. The brain had marked frontoparietal parasagittal cortical atrophy, including the motor cortex, with histopathological evidence of neurofilament- and α-internexin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions. The corticospinal tract had degeneration, but there was minimal lower motor neuron pathology. There was also severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the posterolateral putamen and the substantia nigra, mimicking multiple system atrophy; however, glial cytoplasmic inclusions were not detected with α-synuclein immunohistochemistry. This case extends the clinical and pathological spectrum of NFID to include cases with predominant parkinsonian and pyramidal features.
Objective To determine the impact of a restorative model of home care on social support and physical function among community-dwelling older people. Design Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting Home care in an urban area. Participants Participants (N=205) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=108; mean age, 79.1y; 71.3% women; 81.5% New Zealand European [NZE]; 50.8% residing in areas of the highest levels of social deprivation) or a usual care group (n=97; mean age, 76.9y; 60.8% women; 73.2% NZE; 53.5% in the highest levels of social deprivation). Intervention Participants randomly assigned to the intervention group completed a goal facilitation tool with a needs assessor to determine their needs and to establish the aims for the episode of care. Services were structured according to the principles of restorative home care (independence focused with individually tailored activity programs). Usual care participants received a standard needs assessment that informed the delivery of home care services. Main Outcome Measures Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Dukes Social Support Index (DSSI). Results There was greater change over time in physical function (measured by SPPB: F=8.30, P=.003) but no associated increase in social support (as determined by DSSI: F=2.58, P=.09). Conclusions Significant improvements in physical function were observed after a period of restorative home care services. The absence of an associated change in social support may have been the result of a combination of factors, including the threshold of physical function required for community ambulation, the low rate of allied health service provision, and the time required to reestablish social ties. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of factors necessary to refocus home-based services to emphasize improvements in physical function and independence.
Supercapacitor electrodes and devices that utilise conducting polymers are envisaged to bridge the gap between existing carbon-based supercapacitors and batteries to form units of intermediate specific energy. This review looks at the major conducting polymer materials, namely, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and derivatives of polythiophene, as well as composites of these materials with carbon nanotubes and inorganic battery materials. Various treatments of the conducting polymer materials to improve their properties are considered and comparisons are made with other supercapacitor materials such as carbon and with inorganic battery materials. Conducting polymers are pseudo-capacitive materials, which means that the bulk of the material undergoes a fast redox reaction to provide the capacitive response and they exhibit superior specific energies to the carbon-based supercapacitors (double-layer capacitors). In general conducting polymers are more conductive than the inorganic battery materials and consequently have greater power capability. On the downside, conducting polymers swell and contract substantially on charge and discharge, respectively. Consequently, cycle-life is poor compared with carbon-based supercapacitors which generally only charge via adsorption and desorption of ions (giving typically a few thousand cycles for conducting polymers compared with >500000 cycles for carbon-based devices).
Background People with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) with non-rechargeable implantable pulse generators (IPGs) require elective IPG replacement operations involving surgical and anesthesiologic risk. Life expectancy and the number of replacements per patient with DBS are increasing. Objective To determine whether IPG longevity is influenced by stimulation parameters alone or whether there is an independent effect of the number of battery replacements and IPG model. Methods PD patients treated with bilateral subthalamic DBS were included if there was at least one IPG replacement due to battery end of life. Fifty-five patients had one or two IPG replacements and seven had three or four replacements, (80 Kinetra® and 23 Activa-PC®). We calculated longevity corrected for total electrical energy delivered (TEED) and tested for the effect of IPG model and number of previous battery replacements on this measure. Results TEED-corrected IPG longevity for the 1st implanted IPG was 51.3 months for Kinetra® and 35.6 months for Activa-PC®, which dropped by 5.9 months and 2.8 months, respectively with each subsequent IPG replacement (p < 10– 6 for IPG model and p < 10– 3 for IPG number). Conclusions Activa-PC® has shorter battery longevity than the older Kinetra®, battery longevity reduces with repeated IPG replacements and these findings are independent of TEED. Battery longevity should be considered both in clinical decisions and in the design of new DBS systems. Clinicians need accessible, reliable and user-friendly tools to provide online estimated battery consumption and end of life. Furthermore, this study supports the consideration of using rechargeable IPGs in PD.
Lithium metal has been considered as a potential anode material than those currently used to increase the energy density of lithium ion battery. However, lithium metal anodes suffer from destructive dendrite formation, which causes safety concerns. Anodes with high capacity and safe handling are needed. The sulfurized carbon anode from polyacrylonitrile (S-C(PAN)) composite has been used as a cathode in lithium sulfur batteries. Instead, when the S-C(PAN) is used as an anode and paired with LMO, the full cell delivers an energy density of 185 Wh kg−1 (S-C(PAN)+LMO) at 1 C within the voltage range from 1 to 3.2 V. The full cell (S-C(PAN)||LMO) is characterized by a reversible discharge capacity of 1378 mAh g−1 S and 868 mAh g−1 S at 0.1 C and 2 C, respectively. At 1 C, a retention capacity of 807 mAh g−1 S is achieved at the 400th cycle with an average decay rate of 0.7 mAh g−1 S*cycle−1 and average coulombic efficiency of 99.5%. Interfacial chemistry of S-C(PAN) anode is particularly investigated and S-C(PAN) is demonstrated as one interesting anode material, alternative to lithium metal, due to its high theoretical capacity of sulfur (1675 mAh g−1), environmental friendliness, low cost, and high energy density.
With high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of S, lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered to be the promising next generation high-energy rechargeable energy storage devices. However, issues including electronical insulation of S, the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) dissolution and the short cycle lifespan have prevented Li–S batteries from being practical applied. Feasible settlements of confining LiPSs to reduce the loss of active substances and improve the cycle stability include wrapping sulfur with compact layers, designing matrix with porous or hollow structures, adding adsorbents owning strong interaction with sulfur and inserting polysulfide barriers between cathodes and separators. This review categorizes them into physical and chemical confinements according to the influencing mechanism. With further discussion of their merits and flaws, synergy of the physical and chemical confinement is believed to be the feasible avenue that can guide Li–S batteries to the practical application.
A lithium conductive Li3N film is successfully prepared on Li metal surface by the direct reaction between Li and N2 gas at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AC impedance, cathodic polarization and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests are applied to characterize the film. The experimental results show that the Li3N protective film is tight and dense with high stability in the electrolyte. Its thickness is more than 159.4nm and much bigger than that of a native SEI film formed on the lithium surface as received. An exchange current as low as 3.244×10−7 A demonstrates the formation of a complete SEI film at the electrode|electrolyte interface with Li3N modification. The SEI film is very effective in preventing the corrosion of the Li electrode in liquid electrolyte, leading to a decreased Li|electrolyte interface resistance and an average short distance of 3.16×10−3 cm for Li ion diffusion from electrolyte to Li surface. The Li cycling efficiency depends on N2 exposing time and is obviously enhanced by the Li3N (1h) modification. After cycling, a dense and homogeneous Li layer deposits on the Li3N (1h) modified Li surface, instead of a loose and inhomogeneous layer on the Li surface as received.
Novel ε-Cu0.95V2O5 hollow microspheres assembled by single-crystalline nanoribbons can be easily synthesized directly from a hydrothermal reaction between V(IV)O(acac)2 and Cu(NO3)2 in a solution containing a proper amount of polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, K30). A possible growth mechanism has been proposed. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the as-prepared ε-Cu0.95V2O5 superstructures display a reversible capacity of 304 mAh g−1, and could sustain respectable rate capability. By reinvestigating the cooperative displacement/intercalation (CDI) mechanism of ε-Cu0.95V2O5 using cyclic voltammetry (CV), ex situ XRD, and ex situ SEM–EDS techniques, it is found that the copper dissolution problem, which leads to poor capacity retention of cells operating on Li-driven Cu extrusion–insertion process, has not been well tackled due to its superstructure collapse. Rational electrode configuration design is urgently needed. In addition, single-crystalline α-CuV2O6 nanograins are obtained by calcining the micro-nanostructured ε-Cu0.95V2O5 precursor. The post-treated α-CuV2O6 exhibits high discharge capacity of 507 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and 390 mAh g−1 at 80 mA g−1, indicating it is a promising cathode candidate for long-term and high-rate lithium primary batteries.
Within the EU, ash should be classified by its inherent hazardous effects under criterion H-14 (ecotoxic) in the Directive on waste (2008/98/EC). Today, however, there are no harmonized quantitative criterions for such a classification, but it is stated that biological test systems can be used. In this study seven ash materials were leached and characterized, both biologically and chemically. The objectives were to evaluate if (a) clear concentration-response relationships could be achieved for the selected toxicity tests (bacteria, algae, crustacean and fish), (b) some test(s) are generally more sensitive and (c) the toxic responses were consistent with the chemical analyzes. Interestingly, our results indicate that high concentrations of non-hazardous components (Ca, K) influenced the toxicity of almost all ash eluates, whereas hazardous components (e.g. Zn, Pb) only influenced the toxicity of the eluates ranked as most hazardous. If considering both hazardous and non-hazardous substances, the observed toxic responses were relatively consistent with the chemical analyzes. Our results further showed that the (sub)chronic tests were much more sensitive than the acute tests. However, the use of extrapolation factors to compensate for using the less sensitive acute tests will likely lead to either over- or underestimations of toxicity. Our recommendation is therefore that classification of waste according to H-14 should be based on (sub)chronic test data. Finally, given that treatment of the eluates prior to toxicity testing has a major significance on the concentration and speciation of released substances, further studies are needed in order to propose a relevant testing scheme.
Amyloid beta fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) is the neurotoxic domain of the full-length Aβ1-42 and causes memory impairments in rodents. Recent research suggests that agmatine, decarboxylated arginine, has a neuroprotective role. This study investigated the effects of a single bilateral i.c.v. infusion of aggregated Aβ25-35 (30 nmol) in a battery of behavioural tests conducted during the period 4–6 (Experiment 1) and 4–14 (Experiment 2) weeks post-Aβ25-35 infusion, and evaluated the protective effect of agmatine (40 mg/kg) administered i.p. 30 min prior to Aβ25-35 infusion and once daily for a further nine consecutive days. In Experiment 1, Aβ25-35 rats with saline treatment were not impaired in the elevated plus maze and open field and mildly impaired in the reference memory version of the water maze task, but performed poorly in the working memory version of the water maze task and the object recognition memory task, relative to the control rats that received the i.c.v. infusion of Aβ35-25 (inactive peptide) and saline treatment. By contrast, Aβ25-35 rats with agmatine treatment did not show performance impairments in the working memory version of the water maze task and the object recognition memory task. In Experiment 2, Aβ25-35 rats with saline treatment were significantly impaired in the standard radial arm maze task, but only displayed no or very mild impairments in the delayed non-match to position and reference memory versions of the radial arm maze task, T-maze, object recognition memory task, both the reference and working memory versions of the water maze task, elevated plus maze and open field. By contrast, Aβ25-35 rats with agmatine treatment were not impaired in the standard radial arm maze and performed even better than the controls in the reference memory version of the task. These results demonstrate that agmatine is able to protect against Aβ25-35-induced memory deficits.
Recent work in this laboratory involving the fabrication of single crystal ultramicroelectrodes (SCUMES) of gold and platinum is summarized in this paper. The method for growing the gold and platinum single crystals of micron dimensions is discussed in detail and the technique for incorporating these crystals into ultramicroelectrodes is described. The electrochemical response of these ultramicroelectrodes is shown with cyclic voltammograms recorded in selected electrolytes. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the platinum and gold crystals, which were used to make the ultramicroelectrodes, are also presented.
Here we report a novel lithium–selenium (Li–Se) battery with hybrid electrolytes that permit fast solution-phase Li–Se redox reactions, eliminate polyselenides-shuttling and suppress the formation of lithium dendrite. The hybrid electrolytes consist of NASICON-type Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5 (PO4)3 (LAGP) ceramics sandwiched by tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) electrolyte, enabling the use of low-cost and highly-scalable carbon, demonstrating full utilization of the Se cathode (e.g., 677mAhg−1 at 0.1C (100% of theoretical capacity)), superior cycling stability (e.g., 613mAhg−1 over 500 cycles at 0.8C, fading rate=0.008% per cycle), and promising rate capabilities (e.g., 540mAhg−1 at 1.5C). With the hybrid electrolytes, we further demonstrate a high Se loading of 5.9mgcm−2 with a stable discharge capacity of 454mAhg−1 (2.68mAhcm−2). Our work demonstrates that combining solid state electrolyte with liquid glyme electrolyte is key to achieve stable and high-performance Li–Se batteries.
NiCr2O4 is successfully prepared via hydrothermal pretreatment and subsequent sintering, which shows excellent electrochemical performance as a new anode material for lithium ion batteries with natural graphite adding and sodium alginate binder. At a specific current of 70mAg−1, it delivers charge and discharge capacities of 465.5 and 919.8mAhg−1 in the initial cycle, which gradually increases along with cycle number owing to an electrochemical reconstruction in cycling. After 100 cycles, the charge and discharge capacities are 582.9 and 592.5mAhg−1, respectively. Furthermore, it is testified that natural graphite adding can effectively improve the electronic conductivity of the NiCr2O4 electrode, and an appropriate amount of natural graphite is beneficial to improve the specific capacity and cycle stability of the electrode owing to a coordinated electrochemical reconstruction between NiCr2O4 and natural graphite in cycling.