batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are wide studied owing to its high safety and low cost. However, the poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte and low capacity of cathode limit its commercial application. In this paper, nanosized cubic phase Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 powders is prepared via a simple solution combustion method and used to develop a ceramic-based composite solid electrolyte, which presents high ionic conductivity (1.05 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), high lithium ion transference number tLi+ (0.74), wide electrochemical window (4.8 V vs. Li/Li+), excellent heat resistance and electrolyte-electrode interfacial stability. In addition, a high loading (~10.5 mg cm−2) LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 composite cathode with succinonitrile and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as additives is used to fabricate SSLBs, which exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 146.9 mA h g−1 and good capacity retention of 86.89% after 150 cycles at 0.1 C under 25 °C. The superior performance indicates that solid-state lithium battery assembled with composite solid electrolyte and high loading composite cathode provides a promising choice for the practical development of high-energy-density lithium batteries.
Safety and performance of Li-ion cells is severely affected by thermal runaway where exothermic processes within the cell cause uncontrolled temperature rise, eventually leading to catastrophic failure. Most past experimental papers on thermal runaway only report surface temperature measurement, while the core temperature of the cell remains largely unknown. This paper presents an experimentally validated method based on thermal conduction analysis to determine the core temperature of a Li-ion cell during thermal runaway using surface temperature and chemical kinetics data. Experiments conducted on a thermal test cell show that core temperature computed using this method is in good agreement with independent thermocouple-based measurements in a wide range of experimental conditions. The validated method is used to predict core temperature as a function of time for several previously reported thermal runaway tests. In each case, the predicted peak core temperature is found to be several hundreds of degrees Celsius higher than the measured surface temperature. This shows that surface temperature alone is not sufficient for thermally characterizing the cell during thermal runaway. Besides providing key insights into the fundamental nature of thermal runaway, the ability to determine the core temperature shown here may lead to practical tools for characterizing and mitigating thermal runaway.
In this stady, a graphene-chitosan (GR-CS) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by in situ reduction. The obtained electrode was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the results showed that the graphene oxide (GO) was deoxygenized successfully. On this basis, the electrochemical behavior of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. It was found that the oxidation current on GR-CS/GCE electrode was significantly larger than on the GCE and GO-CS/GCE electrodes. The oxidation potential shifted negatively, indicating that the GR-CS/GCE electrode had obviously catalytic activity on the 4-NP's oxidation. Experimental parameters, such as the accumulation potential and time, scan rate, and pH value of buffer solution were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current was proportional to 4-NP concentration in the range between 0.01–40.0 μM, the linear equation was I (μA) = 0.364C (μM) + 0.618 (R = 0.9988), and the detection limit was 0.0052 μM (S/N = 3). Finally, this proposed sensor was successfully employed to determine 4-NP in real samples with the recoveries ranging in 95.0%–101.0%.
The indigenous microbial community utilizing aliphatic, aromatic, and polar components from the oily sludge as sole source of carbon and energy was selected from the soil samples of Ankleshwar, India for biosurfactant production. Evaluation of biosurfactant production was done using screening assays such as surface tension reduction, hemolytic activity, emulsification activity, drop-collapse assay, and cell surface hydrophobicity studies. Maximum biosurfactant (6.9 g/l) production was achieved after 5 days of growth from Bacillus subtilis DSVP23 which was identified by 16S RNA technique (NCBI GenBank accession no. EU679368). Composition of biosurfactant showed it to be lipopeptide in nature with 15.2% protein content and 18.0% lipid content. Functional group analysis was also done by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy which showed it to be a protein-bound lipid thereby imparting them special properties. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the major constituents of lipopeptide are leucine and isoleucine. Gas chromatographic analysis data indicated that oily sludge components of chain length C12–C30 and aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded effectively by B. subtilis DSVP23 after 5 days of incubation. These results collectively points toward the importance of B. subtilis DSVP23 as a potential candidate for bioremediation studies.
Electrochemical catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play a key role in highly-efficient water splitting and many other important energy conversion applications. Transition metal oxides are promising OER catalysts. In this work, Fe, W co-doped Co3O4 was grown on carbon fiber cloth (FeWCo3O4/CFC) and polypyrrole (PPy)/carbon fiber cloth (FeWCo3O4/PPy/CFC) through a simple anodic electrodeposition method. The FeWCo3O4/CFC free-standing electrode reached an electrocatalytic current density of 30.7 mA cm−2 at 400 mV overpotential with a Tafel slope of 177 mV dec−1. The PPy can serve as conductive binder and improve the contact between FeWCo3O4 and substrate. The resulting FeWCo3O4/PPy/CFC free-standing electrode reached an electrocatalytic current density of 36.2 mA cm−2 at 400 mV overpotential with a Tafel slope of 163 mV dec−1. The FeWCo3O4/PPy/CFC free-standing electrode shows low electric resistance and is able to catalyze OER at 10 mA cm−2 for 12 h without obvious decay under the optimized electrodeposition conditions. This study provides new insight for design and synthesis of highly-efficient OER catalyst.
Direct current (DC) power distribution has recently gained traction in buildings research due to the proliferation of on-site electricity generation and battery storage, and an increasing prevalence of internal DC loads. The research discussed in this paper uses Modelica-based simulation to compare the efficiency of DC building power distribution with an equivalent alternating current (AC) distribution. The buildings are all modeled with solar generation, battery storage, and loads that are representative of the most efficient building technology. A variety of parametric simulations determine how and when DC distribution proves advantageous. These simulations also validate previous studies that use simpler approaches and arithmetic efficiency models. This work shows that using DC distribution can be considerably more efficient: a medium sized office building using DC distribution has an expected baseline of 12% savings, but may also save up to 18%. In these results, the baseline simulation parameters are for a zero net energy (ZNE) building that can island as a microgrid. DC is most advantageous in buildings with large solar capacity, large battery capacity, and high voltage distribution.
The murine casein locus consists of five genes, which are coordinately regulated during mammary development. The levels of casein-specific mRNAs in mammary epithelial cells increase during the second half of pregnancy and remain high during lactation. The murine γ-casein gene, which corresponds to the αS2-casein gene in ruminants, was isolated from a mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library (strain 129SV). The gene contains 14 exons, which are distributed over 14 kb of DNA sequence. The expression pattern of the murine γ-casein gene mimics that of the neighbouring β-casein gene in terms of developmental induction in vivo. In cell culture, both the β- and γ-casein promoter are synergistically induced by prolactin and glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid induction is critically dependent on prolactin-mediated activation of STAT5 in both promoters. Several consensus STAT5 binding sites were identified in the γ-casein promoter, some of which may have an additive effect on prolactin induction. mRNA levels of γ- and β-casein are similar in lactating mammary tissue. However, promoter segments derived from the γ-casein gene are significantly less active in cell culture than comparable fragments of the β-casein promoter. Promoter hybrids between the γ- and β-casein promoters revealed that the critical sequences which are responsible for the different in vitro activity are located in a short promoter proximal region.
A new LiMnPO4 based material, LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C, is synthesized by a solid state method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical test. The obtained LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4 crystals with 8wt.% carbon coating are mainly 100–500nm in size, and aggregate into microparticles around 3–5μm. The electrochemical test demonstrates that the obtained LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C has high capacity, good cycleability and quite excellent rate capability in spite of its larger size and less carbon coating as compared to those reported in the previous works. When discharged at a high rate of 10C, the obtained LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C can still deliver a capacity of 115mAhg−1. The results prove that the LiMn0.8Fe0.19Mg0.01PO4/C is a very promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Insulin Degludec (IDeg) is a new ultra-long-acting basal insulin that has not been yet evaluated in Indian pediatric population. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IDeg as basal-bolus therapy in Indian pediatric patients affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
As part of a research project on new lithium-ion secondary cells to store energy from renewable power sources, this work reports on the development of a new methodology for a laboratory-scale study of electrode materials for these cells under the specific constraints of photovoltaic charging. A first example is that of a cell containing the spinel anode Li4Ti5O12, charging under different solar irradiation regimes. This material is well suited to applications under discontinuous charge/discharge conditions. At the end of the test, after about 250 cycles, the two cells tested provide the same capacity and energetic efficiency of about 2.2mAh and 90%, respectively.
Lithium secondary batteries (LSBs) with high energy densities need to be further developed for future applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids. Lithium metal is the most promising electrode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. However, the formation of lithium dendrite on the anode surface leads to serious safety concerns and low coulombic efficiency. Recently, researchers have made great efforts and significant progresses to solve these problems. Here we review the growth mechanism and suppression method of lithium dendrite for LSBs’ anode protection. We also establish the relationship between the growth mechanism and suppression method. The research direction for building better LSBs is given by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these methods based on the growth mechanism.
The aim of this study was to assess whether pain and strain of the periodontal ligament (PDL), induced by orthodontic separation, alter the somatosensory ability to perceive small thicknesses between occluding teeth (occlusal tactile acuity, OTA).
Polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes were synthesized by using the complex of methyl orange (MO)/FeCl3 as a template. Then the core–shell polypyrrole/polyaniline (PPy/PANI) composite was prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline on the surface of PPy nanotubes. The morphology and molecular structure were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TEM images confirmed that the composite was core–shell nanotubes. The electrochemical properties of the PPy/PANI composite electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical experiments showed that the specific capacitance of the PPy/PANI composite was 416Fg−1 in 1M H2SO4 electrolyte and 291Fg−1 in 1M KCl electrolyte. Furthermore, the composite electrode exhibited a good rate capability and maintained 91% of initial capacity at a current density of 15mAcm−2 in 1M H2SO4 electrolyte.
Metabolic syndrome is increasingly recognized for its effects on cognitive health. Recent studies have highlighted the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in metabolic syndrome and cognitive functions. The present study was designed to investigate the possible therapeutic role of a HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), in cognitive impairment associated with metabolic syndrome. To ascertain the mechanisms involved, we fed mice with high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and examined changes in behavioral and biochemical/oxidative stress markers. Mice subjected to HFD exhibited characteristic features of metabolic disorder, viz., hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Moreover, these mice showed severe deficits in learning and memory as assessed by the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks along with elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in brain homogenates. The observed changes occurred concurrently with reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In contrast, the mice treated with the HDAC inhibitor, TSA (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.), showed a significant and dose-dependent reduction in serum glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol along with improvement in HDL-cholesterol levels and learning and memory performance. TSA treatment also results in alleviation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers. Moreover, TSA significantly augmented the BDNF levels in HFD-fed mice. Thus, based upon these observations, it may be suggested that HDAC inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat cognitive impairment associated with metabolic syndrome.
MnO2 nanorods/graphene composite materials have been fabricated using a facile hydrothermal method for supercapacitor applications. The prepared composite materials are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Electrochemical performances are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). It indicates that ratio of MnO2 nanorods to graphene in composite materials has significant influence on the electrochemical performance of composite electrodes. We have achieved the maximum specific capacitance of 218Fg−1 at the scan rate of 5mVs−1 in 1M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Additionally, MnO2 nanorods/graphene composite materials exhibit highest energy density of 16Whkg−1 at power density of 95Wkg−1 and excellent capacitance retention with no more than 6% capacitance loss after 1000 cycles at the most favorable composites ratio.
Electrochemical reduction of gaseous feeds such as CO2, CO, and N2 holds promise for sustainable energy and chemical production. Practical application of this technology is impeded by slow mass transport of the sparingly soluble gases to conventional planar electrodes. Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) maintain a high gas concentration in the vicinity of the catalyst and improve mass transport, thereby resulting in current densities higher by orders of magnitude. However, gaseous feeds cause changes to the GDE environment, and specific features are required to efficiently tune the product selectivity and improve reaction stability. Herein, with a comprehensive review of the challenges and advances in GDE development for various electrocatalytic reactions, we intend to complement the body of material-focused reviews. This review outlines GDE fundamentals and highlights key advantages of GDE over conventional electrodes. Through critical discussion about steps in GDE fabrication, and specific shortcomings and remedial strategies for various electrochemical applications, this review discusses connections, unique design criteria, and potential opportunities for gas-fed reactions and desired products. Finally, priorities for future studies are suggested, to support the advancement and scale-up of GDE-based electrochemical technologies.
Objective Schizophrenia is associated with neurocognitive deficits, but its etiologic heterogeneity may complicate the delineation of a neurocognitive profile. Schizophrenia associated with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22qDS) represents a more genetically homogeneous subtype for study. We hypothesized that in adults with 22qDS the neurocognitive profiles would differ between those with and without schizophrenia. Method Using a comprehensive battery of tests, we compared the neurocognitive performance profiles in those with schizophrenia (n =27; 14 M, 13 F; mean age=30.6 years, SD=7.7 years) and those with no history of psychosis (n =29; 16 M, 13 F; mean age=25.0 years, SD=9.0 years). Results The 22qDS groups with and without schizophrenia had similar mean estimated IQ (71.6, SD=8.2 and 74.8, SD=6.1, respectively) and academic achievement, however the neurocognitive profiles of the two groups differed significantly on multivariate analysis (F(24,31)=2.25, p =0.017). The group with schizophrenia performed significantly more poorly on tests of motor skills, verbal learning, and social cognition (effect sizes≥0.8) after correction for multiple comparisons. Other tests, but not the attentional measures used, showed nominally significant differences. Conclusions In adults with 22qDS, the pattern of neurocognitive differences between those with and without schizophrenia appears similar to that between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Attentional dysfunction may be a more general feature of 22qDS. The findings support 22qDS-schizophrenia as a genetic model for neurodevelopmental investigations of schizophrenia.
Canada has invested in automotive innovation. The Canadian Government is investing CA$34 million in automotive research and development. The AUTO21 Network of Centres of Excellence applauds the Government for the investment as Canada's automotive sector relies on the knowledge and technology generated by the country's automotive research community. “Investment in automotive research provides economic, environmental and safety benefits for all Canadians,” says Dr Peter Frise, AUTO21 CEO and scientific director. “Collaborative research between companies and Canada's top academic researchers moves knowledge and technology from the lab to the marketplace. [The] announcement is good news for Canada's automotive sector and its automotive research community.” The six projects support technologies that will provide lighter material alternatives for cars and significantly enhance battery efficiency for vehicles. The funding includes just under CA$19m through the Automotive Partnership Canada initiative and nearly CA$15m from industry and other partners. The partnerships will be supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and National Research Council Canada (NRC).
Noble metal-free bifunctional catalysts are highly desirable for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in air-based flow batteries, but remain a big challenge. Herein, micropores dominated nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon (NSC) film is directly growing on conductive carbon fiber paper (CFP) as self-standing air electrode through the electropolymerization of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and followed pyrolysis process. NSC film provides abundant active sites, while conductive CFP with 3D macro-networks offers affluent channels for electron and mass transfer. Benefit from the strong interaction between NSC and CFP, the resultant CFP@NSC displays highly catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction (comparable half-wave potential to commercial Pt/C) and oxygen evolution (lower overpotential than commercial IrO2), along with robust stability. As a proof of practical usage, zinc air flow battery with CFP@NSC displays lower charge voltage and higher discharge voltage, compared with commercial Pt/C and IrO2 coated CFP electrode. Importantly, zinc air flow battery also exhibits excellent cycling stability including nearly 100% retention of coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency over 3400 min, representing the most efficient bifunctional oxygen electrode reported so far.
By using a generalized, spatially resolved rate theory, we systematically studied the irradiation-induced diffusion and segregation of point defects near triple junctions. Our model captured not only the formation, growth, and recombination of point defects but also the interaction of these defects with pre-existing defects. We coupled the stress field of the triple junction with defect diffusion via a modified chemical potential. The residual stress fields of grain boundaries and triple junctions are modeled via disclination mechanics theory. By assessing the behavior of 144 triple junctions with vacancy and interstitial defects, we correlated defect-sink efficiencies with key characteristics of triple junctions. For vacancies, the geometric configuration of triple junctions dominated sink efficiency, suggesting that equiaxed grains would resist the accumulation of vacancies more than elongated grains. For interstitials, the sink density of the grain boundaries composing the triple junctions dominated sink efficiency. Hence, the interstitial concentration may be managed by adjusting the structure of the grain boundaries. Overall, we illustrated the complex coupling between pre-existing defects and radiation-induced defects through interaction of their stress fields. This theoretical framework provides an efficient tool to rapidly assess defect management in microstructures.
In the present study, the effects of discharge and charge current densities, depth-of-discharge, initial porosity of Redox Cycle Unit (RCU), distance between Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (RSOFC) and RCU, and kinetic rate constant for the Fe3O4-reduction reaction on the electrochemical performance of a Solid Oxide Iron-Air Redox Battery (SOIARB) operated at 550°C have been systematically investigated by a newly developed high-fidelity multi-physics model. The results show explicitly that the battery performance is kinetically limited by the Fe3O4-reduction during the charge cycle. The diffusion of Oxygen Shuttle Gas (OSG), i.e. H2-H2O, through the RCU pores and the gap between RSOFC and RCU is sufficiently fast. The most influential parameters on the performance are found to be the charge current density, depth-of-discharge and rate of Fe3O4 reduction. Strategies for design and operation of the SOIARB are subsequently developed with an aim to achieve a balanced energy capacity and cycle efficiency.