batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Overactive bladder is a common condition that increases in prevalence in association with age. Antimuscarinic therapy remains the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for the condition, and there is an increasing body of evidence that supports the use of these drugs. Despite this, and because of concerns about associated adverse effects, older people are less likely to receive active treatment for their condition. This review considers some of the factors that need to be taken into account when using these medications.
Phosphate-based polyanion-structured materials have attracted considerable attention as anode materials in lithium-/sodium-ion batteries due to their stable crystal structure, affordability, and environmental friendliness. V2(PO4)O was encapsulated into crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene (VPO@N-G) through a facile spray-drying method in which VPO particles were completely encapsulated by N-doped graphene. For the first time, VPO@N-G was explored as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries. The Na+ storage behavior of VPO@N-G was systematically investigated at the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V (versus Na/Na+). Results indicated that the VPO@N-G anode can deliver a highly reversible discharge capacity of 539 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and achieve a highly reversible discharge capacity of 235.9 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Thus, VPO@N-G can be applied as a high-rate anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swahili version of the Kessler Psychological Distress scale in an injury population in Tanzania.
The article gives a totally new understanding about lithium insertion behavior of Li3VO4 as potential anode material for Li-ion batteries. The carbon-coated Li3VO4 (Li3VO4/C) sample was synthesized firstly using simple solid-state method. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and Rietveld refinement results show that single-phase Li3VO4/C can be obtained even under the presence of carbon and reducing atmosphere. The final product demonstrates a favorable electronic conductivity with 6.67% residual carbon. Electrochemical testing shows that Li3VO4/C holds both much higher specific capacity and better electrochemical performance than that of carbon-free Li3VO4 sample. The Li3VO4/C electrode display a discharge capacity of 738.5 mAh g−1 and a charge (reversible) capacity of 547.1 mAh g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 78.0% in the first cycle. First-principles calculation and GITT results illustrate that the maximum embeddable Li-ion number in a single cell is 3 corresponding to the change of V5+ to V2+, and the Li-inserted sites is predicted by first-principles calculations. Furthermore, lithium insertion/de-insertion mechanism of Li3VO4/C is studied by in-situ XRD, and the results surely confirm that Li3VO4/C undergoes a reversible insertion/de-insertion mechanism during discharge/charge process.
Electric energy storage can provide several important services and is used in a variety of applications. New and improved technologies and decreasing costs of batteries make energy storage competitive in certain applications. This paper presents services that can be provided by grid connected energy storage systems (ESSs) as well as applications in which these services can be deployed. A review of current and potential future markets has been conducted and metrics for measuring the monetary benefits of ESSs are presented. Deployment cases are defined for frequency regulation in the eastern United States and peak limiting in California and examined in cost-benefit and sensitivity analyses. The results show that energy storage is cost-efficient in these cases even if frequency regulation market prices and subsidies drop below today’s level. From the analyses conducted in this paper it can be concluded that energy storage offers valuable alternatives to current grid resources and can help integrate fluctuating generation and demand, if market structures that recognize the value of energy storage and the services it can provide are in place.
The nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery is investigated in a contained, high pressure O2 system. Increasing the O2 pressure from 1 atm to 10 atm of O2 increased the discharge potential by 10% when discharged at 100 μA cm−2 from 2.65 V to 2.77 V. In addition, the cell discharge capacity increased from 1400 mAh gC −1 at 1 atm of O2 to 2100 mAh gC −1 at 10 atm at 100 μA cm−2. The discharge capacity of the 1 atm O2 cell decreased to 100 mAh gC −1 at 1000 μA cm−2, while at 10 atm of O2 it retained one third of the 100 μA cm−2 capacity at 2100 μA cm−2 and two thirds the 1 atm/100 μA cm−2 capacity at 500 μA cm−2. This increase in capacity results from a more efficient utilization of the carbon electrode surface at higher pressures. As seen by SEM, the thickness of the discharge product layer was much greater when discharged under higher pressures, indicating more O2 reached the active carbon surfaces and was reduced. In addition, at high pressure the electrode surface was more evenly used, having fewer areas with little or no discharge products.
Conventional neural recording systems restrict behavioral experiments to a flat indoor environment compatible with the cable that tethers the subject to recording instruments. To overcome these constraints, we developed a wireless multi-channel system for recording neural signals from rats. The device takes up to 64 voltage signals from implanted electrodes, samples each at 20 kHz, time-division multiplexes them into one signal and transmits that output by radio frequency to a receiver up to 60 m away. The system introduces <4 μV of electrode-referred noise, comparable to wired recording systems, and outperforms existing rodent telemetry systems in channel count, weight and transmission range. This allows effective recording of brain signals in freely behaving animals. We report measurements of neural population activity taken outdoors and in tunnels. Neural firing in the visual cortex was relatively sparse, correlated even across large distances and was strongly influenced by locomotor activity.
The promising prospects of the Li/S battery, due to its theoretical energy density of about 2500 Wh kg─1, are severely limited by two main weaknesses: the poor conductivity of S and the solubility of the polysulphides in the electrolyte. A combination of carbon and transition metal oxides is the best option for mitigating both of these shortcomings simultaneously. In this work, we use hydrothermally-tailored γ-MnO2 nanorods combined with an activated biomass-derived carbon, which is an inexpensive material and easy to prepare. This strategy was also followed for a AC/MnO2/S composite, a preparation of which was made by grinding; this is the simplest method for practical applications. More complex procedures for the formation of in situ hydrothermal MnO2 nanorods gave similar results to those obtained from grinding. Compared with the AC/S composite, the presence of MnO2 markedly increased the delivered capacity and improved the cycling stability at both low (0.1 C) and high (1 C) currents. This behavior results from a combination of two main effects: firstly, the MnO2 nanorods increase the electrical conductivity of the electrode, and secondly, the small particle size of the oxide can enhance the chemisorption properties and facilitate a redox reaction with polysulphides, more efficiently blocking their dissolution in the electrolyte.
Due to the environmental and energy crisis, many countries around the world are electrifying transportation, which will significantly change the way the current power grid operates. It is expected that the deployment of future smart grids will allow two-way energy and information flows through plug-and-play operation of small distributed mobile power generators like electric vehicles (EVs) to benefit the prosumers and at the same time make the grid more efficient and robust. However, the issues associated with the energy and information transfer, battery technologies, battery charging schemes, their standards and management need to be addressed in order to achieve the full benefits of EV integration in the future smart grids and internet of energy (IoE) with local renewable generation. As the current grid with existing infrastructure cannot ensure maximum benefits from EVs, this paper reviews the EV technologies, their connectivity, impacts on grid and standards required for the efficient and economic operation of EVs with distributed energy resources in the IoE. The evolution, comparison, and storage potential of EV technologies are thoroughly discussed. This paper also extensively reviews the connectivity issues, for example current EV charging schemes, software tools required to design smart charging, associated challenges, and possible solutions. The architecture of distributed energy management schemes with EVs and the IoE is discussed in detail. Finally, the standards related to EV integration, energy transfers, and safety aspects are provided. Based on the comprehensive review, future directions are put forward which will be useful for researchers and engineers working with EVs.
A common approach to learning about species movements is to tag individuals with a GPS transmitter. Here we provide methodology which determines the optimal programming of the times for such a device, and in doing so allow an assessment of the benefit provided over equidistant sampling schedules. We provide an algorithm (and MATLAB code) that computes the optimal patch in which to tag an individual, in addition to the optimal timing and number of samples in order to best estimate three parameters describing species-habitat migration rate (assuming a common form of migration). We use this algorithm to identify some basic conditions of a network that ensure identifiability of model parameters: at least four distinct inter-patch distances. We subsequently apply our algorithm to a number of randomly-generated networks, and demonstrate the efficiency gains from optimising various components of the sampling schedule. Finally, we determine the optimal sampling schedule for a real network: the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in Southern California. The comparison of random and real networks demonstrates the improvement in efficiency as the size and heterogeneity of the underlying network increases. We hope this methodology is used to make better use of existing technologies, leading to improved understanding and conservation of species.
A novel method to improve the cycling performance of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 in lithium-ion batteries by 1.0wt.% CeO2-coating is presented in this work. The crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized powder have been characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and their electrochemical performances were evaluated by CV, EIS and galvonostatic charge/discharge tests. It is found that CeO2 forms a layer on the surface of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 without destroying the crystal structure of the core material. Electrochemical test indicates that CeO2-coating could improve the cycling performance of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2. At room temperature, the capacity retention of 1.0wt.% CeO2-coated material is 93.2% after 12 cycles at 3.0C while that of the bare sample is only 86.6%. ICP-OES proves the coating layer could protect the dissolution of the transition metal ions from LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2. From the analysis of EIS, the improvement of cycle ability could be attributed to the suppression of the reaction between cathode and electrolyte.
As a typical heat source in the operation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, reversible heat (RH) makes a considerable contribution to the temperature variation of the battery, and the determination of this contribution is of great significance, especially for mission-critical applications. In previous research works, the determination of including or excluding the RH was typically made based on the rate of discharge. This study, however, finds that the importance of RH could be more meaningfully judged based on its contribution to the overall thermal response of Li-ion battery at various conditions. An improved electrochemical–thermal coupling model is developed to incorporate the RH. This model is applied to simulate the operation of batteries with different physical properties (e.g., electrode thickness and active material particle size) under different discharge rates. The simulation results are compared in terms of RH generation rates, battery temperature, as well as several other associated characteristics. It is found that the significance of RH to the overall heat generation varies when different intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are considered. This significance becomes more appreciable for batteries with thinner electrodes and/or finer active material particles. A correction diagram is then proposed to modify the results for thermal analyses without including RH.
Mutations of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene cause mental retardation with or without associated facial dysmorphisms and intermittent hyperventilation. Subsequently, a polymorphism of TCF4 was shown in a genome-wide association study to slightly increase the risk of schizophrenia. We have further analysed the impact of this TCF4 variant rs9960767 on early information processing and cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. We have shown in a sample of 401 schizophrenia patients that TCF4 influences verbal memory in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Contrary to expectations, carriers of the schizophrenia-associated allele showed better recognition, thus indicating that while TCF4 influences verbal memory, the TCF4-mediated schizophrenia risk is not determined by the influence of TCF4 on verbal memory. TCF4 does not impact on various other cognitive functions belonging to the domains of attention and executive functions. Moreover, in a pharmacogenetic approach, TCF4 does not modulate the improvement of positive or negative schizophrenia symptoms during treatment with antipsychotics. Finally, we have assessed a key electrophysiological endophenotype of schizophrenia, sensorimotor gating. As measured by prepulse inhibition, the schizophrenia risk allele C of TCF4 rs9960767 reduces sensorimotor gating. This indicates that TCF4 influences key mechanisms of information processing, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Successful integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into the power system is a major challenge for the future smart grid. As a result, this topic has attracted the attention of researchers from different communities in the past few years. Recent research progress has addressed different technical aspects of PHEV integration into the smart grid; such as charging and control strategies of PHEVs, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, and several application domains, such as wind energy integration, frequency regulation, design of parking areas and participation in electricity markets. Most of these works require formulation of mathematical models which extensively use artificial intelligence techniques, intelligent methods and agent-based computing approaches to solve the computational problems. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of different research problems and their solution approaches in the context of PHEV integration to smart grid.
The specific concerns of people with low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) have not been characterized well in the literature and as a result proper measurement of patient-reported concerns is lacking. We report on the development and validation of questions specifically targeted to patients with thrombocytopenia that can be added to the more general concerns in the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General.
To effectively solve the agglomeration problems in the solid state reaction process, pre-adding glucose is adopted to the synthesis of LiFePO4/C energy materials using Fe–P waste slag. The average particle & grain size of LiFePO4/C decreases, and the impurities in LiFePO4/C composites reduce to a great extent. It makes great sense to the mass industrial production. The optimum synthesis conditions determined in this work are based on the orthogonal experiments. The samples synthesized in a scale of 500 g exhibit high purity, excellent electrochemical performance, high reaction activity, good reversibility, and low polarization level. The discharge capacities are 145, 134, 117, and 102 mAh/g at the current densities of 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C and 1 C, respectively. This work puts forward a practical suggestion for mass producing environmental benign and low cost LiFePO4/C as cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.
Geothermal power plants often deploy less than their full power capacity due to declining geothermal resources. Integrating heat from a concentrating solar power (CSP) collector field increases the power output at low cost. This article considers five methods of solar heat addition in a double-flash geothermal plant. The most promising solution converts solar heat into electrical work with an efficiency of 24.3%. The economic feasibility and optimal sizing of the solar field and thermal stores are evaluated. A hybrid plant that increases power generation from 22 to 24 MWe has a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 0.07 ± 0.01 $/kWhe. Adding three hours of storage increases the LCOE to 0.08 ± 0.01 $/kWhe. Photovoltaic systems are considered to be a low-cost renewable technology, but an equivalent photovoltaic system with battery storage costs 0.15 ± 0.07 $/kWhe due to the high cost and replacement rate of batteries compared to thermal storage. The hybrid plant also has a lower LCOE than a conventional CSP plant. If the dispatchability that thermal storage provides is rewarded with higher electricity prices, calculations indicate storage becomes an attractive investment when discharged power receives 1.75 times the typical price of electricity.
Owing to the faradaic oxidation and reduction reactions mainly taking place on surface, enlarging the specific surface of redox materials is one of the most effective ways to achieve excellent electrochemical performance. Here we report a binder-free three dimensional (3D) architecture electrode consisting of a graphene 3D network (G3DN) structure growing on flexible carbon paper (CP) by chemical vapor deposition and NiO nanoparticles growing on the G3DN by in-situ thermal decomposition for high rate battery and high-performance electrochemical capacitors. Such a nanostructure provides a large specific surface and fast electronic transmission channels. The unique structure design for this electrode enables outstanding performance, showing high specific capacity of 89.1mAhcm−2 (119.2mAh/g) at current density of 0.5mAcm−2 (0.67A/g) with the NiO loading of 0.7471mgcm−2. Meanwhile the electrode displays excellent rate capability and cycling stability, which keeps 85.48% of initial capacity after 3000 deep-discharge cycles. Furthermore, a solid-state symmetric electrochemical capacitor based on two NiO/G3DN/CP electrodes with an area of 4cm2 each is fabricated, and two pieces of them in series can light up 100 green LEDs for 2min. The architecture of G3DN loaded with NiO might be generally applied to different kinds of nanomaterials for high-rate energy storage to improve their overall electrochemical performance.
Under the abusive conditions, it is demonstrated that the thermal stability of LiCoO2 and the safety of LiCoO2/graphite batteries are improved by doping and coating Al and Ti elements into the bulk structure and surface of LiCoO2. The trickle charge and the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results show that after coating Al and Ti oxides on the doped LiCoO2 with 2000 ppm Al, the exothermic peak shifts to a higher temperature and the exotherm decreases, resulting in the increase of the thermal stability of LiCoO2. In addition, compared to the LiCoO2 without Al doping, it is also indicated that the thermal stability of LiCoO2 can be enhanced by doping Al, the exothermic peak of the LiCoO2 with Al doping amount of 10000 ppm is up to 250 °C. Under the abusive testing conditions including thermal shock and overcharge, the safety evaluation results of pouch polymer LiCoO2/graphite batteries are in good agreement with the trickle charge and DSC results. These results reveal that the thermal stability of LiCoO2 can be used as an indicator to evaluate the safety characteristics of LiCoO2/graphite batteries, and especially the introduction of Al and Ti into LiCoO2 can effectively improve the safety of LiCoO2/graphite batteries under the abusive conditions.
In this paper an adaptive energy management strategy (EMS) based on fuzzy logic and the optimal sizing for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) are presented. The EMS applies a sliding window to estimate the forward energy consumption and adapt the instantaneous power target for BT and SC. The hybrid ESS sizing is obtained by an optimization with multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness functions are expressed in economic terms, and correspond to the costs of the energy absorbed from the catenary as well as the operation cost of the hybrid ESS (investment and cycling cost). The selected case study is the tramway of Seville, which operates in zones with and without catenary. The aim is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway taking into account the BT and SC degradation approach (cycling) and fulfilling the performance of the tramway in the catenary-less zone. The proposed approach (adaptive EMS and optimal sizing) is compared with the current solution in the tramway (SC-based) and with a hybrid ESS managed by a rule-based EMS (RB-EMS) in terms of daily operating cost and energy harnessing during regenerative braking phase. The proposed approach show cost reductions up to 25.5% (from SC-based), 6.2% (from hybrid ESS with RB-EMS) and a global efficiency around 84.4%.
Amorphous structure, possessing vast preponderances for boosting the application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), has drawn considerable attention as an elegant electrode structure. However, due to its thermal instability, amorphous transition-metal vanadates lack of exploration. In this work, we firstly report the fabrication of Ni3V2O8 amorphous wire encapsulated in crystalline tube nanostructure (NV-aWcT) by single spinneret electrospinning with subsequent heat treatment. The formation of this unique nanostructure is ascribed to shell heat transfer retardation by tuning the pyrolysis balance between “surface locking” and “inward migration” during the calcination process. Benefit from the collective characteristics of interior amorphous wire and outer tubular shell, NV-aWcT possesses mesoporosity, void spaces, defective sites and high surface areas, realizing superior electrochemical performance with high specific capacity, outstanding cycling stability, and superior rate capability (962mAhg–1 at 300mAg–1 after 300 cycles).
To alleviate the high polarization and short cycle lifetime of rechargeable Na–air batteries, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was synthesized and evaluated as a nanostructured conductive matrix to host low-conductivity products generated during the discharge of Na–air batteries. The OMC had high specific surface area (1544m2/g) and a narrow pore size (2.7nm), with the voltage polarization of 1.5V, lower than that of the commonly used Super P carbon black (~1.8V). Although the carbonate-based electrolyte was decomposed to produce Na2CO3, the OMC cathode allowed reversible formation and decomposition of Na2CO3 and exhibited stable cycling behavior with low polarization for 20 cycles with a delivered capacity of 500mAh/g at the current density of 100mA/g.