batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured mixed phospho-olivine LiMn y Fe1−y PO4/C composites having different ratio of manganese and iron (0< y <1) are prepared by an easy, quick and cost effective hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of a cationic surfactant and their electrochemical behaviour as cathodes for Li-ion battery is demonstrated. A detailed study of the influence of Fe substitution with Mn on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performances of the resulting samples is performed by means of X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement of the diffraction patterns, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 physisorption at 77K, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge cycling. The best performing LiMn y Fe1−y PO4/C composite sample is able to deliver a very stable cycling behaviour for several hundred cycles with good specific capacity values, high Coulombic efficiency and rate capability and is also demonstrated to work in a real Li-ion battery configuration versus a graphite anode. These improved electrochemical properties are ascribed to the kind of synthesis adopted that leads to nanostructured particles, homogeneously coated by a thin layer of carbon, which exerts its positive effect by improving electronic conductivity and suppressing Mn dissolution from the olivine structure during prolonged cycling.
The recent finding of the gravitational wave (GW) signal by the NANOGrav collaboration in the nHZ frequency range has opened up the door for the existence of stochastic GWs. In the present work, we have argued that in a hot dense neutrino asymmetric plasma, GWs could be generated due to the instability caused by the finite difference in the number densities of the different species of the neutrinos. The generated GWs have amplitude and frequency in the sensitivity range of the NANOGrav observation. We have shown that the GWs generated by this mechanism could be one of the possible explanations for the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also discussed generation of GWs in an inhomogeneous cosmological neutrino plasma, where GWs are generated when neutrinos enter a free streaming regime. We show that the generated GWs in an inhomogeneous neutrino plasma cannot explain the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also calculated the lower bound on magnetic fields’ strength using the NANOGrav signal and found that to explain the signal, the magnetic fields’ strength should have at least value
The quest for a practical total artificial heart (TAH) stems from the large number of patients with advanced heart failure, and the limited number of donor hearts available for transplantation. In this Perspectives article, Cohn et al. give their expert insight into the development of TAHs over the past 50 years. They describe the evolution from positive-displacement, pulsatile pumps to continuous-flow devices, and give their opinion on the most promising avenues for future innovation.
A Si thin-film electrode of 200nm is prepared using E-beam evaporation and deposition on copper foil. The use of a lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB)-based electrolyte markedly improves the discharge capacity retention of a Si thin-film electrode/Li half-cell during cycling. The surface layer formed on Si thin-film electrode in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (3/7) with 1.3M LiPF6 or 0.7M LiBOB is characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. The surface morphology of the electrode after cycling is investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between the physical morphology and the electrochemical performance of Si thin-film electrode is discussed.
Solvent-free lithium-conducting ionic melt (IM) electrolytes were synthesized and characterized with respect to chemical structure, purity, and ion transport properties. The melts consist of lithium (perfluorovinylether)sulfonimide salts attached covalently to a lithium-solvating polyether chain. Ionic conductivities are relatively high which is a consequence of the favorable combination of the low lattice energy of the lithium fluorosulfonimide salt (low basicity of the fluorosulfonimide anion), the relatively low viscosity of the polyether matrix, and the relatively high salt content of the melts. Galvanostatic dc polarization experiments, using cells with non-blocking Li electrodes, indicate that salt concentration polarization does not occur in these electrolytes as dc current is passed through them.
Publisher Summary This chapter presents and discusses the issues involved with motor vehicle collisions in a psycholegal context and conducting a psycholegal assessment. The assessment is designed to assess the changes in physical status, quality of life, and psychological functioning. Issues related to psychological impairment and disability, causality, coping, psychiatric diagnosis, malingering and litigation stress, and prognosis are addressed. Although injuries can occur to persons involved in both vehicles, one driver and, ultimately, the insurance company covering that person may incur liability for the collision. The injured person can then sue the liable insurance company for permanent income loss, pain and suffering, and other losses. There are a number of reasons that an injured or traumatized person can be referred to a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional. Great emphasis is placed on providing clinical examples related to pain conditions rather than neuropsychological presentations or posttraumatic stress disorder.
Objective Intellectual decline is common in schizophrenia and predicts functional outcome. While many patients undergo intellectual decline that typically predates the onset of symptoms, few studies have investigated the underlying mechanism through which this occurs. The current study assessed the relationship between intellectual decline in schizophrenia and genetic variation in dysbindin-1 (DTNBP1). Methods We assessed cognitive decline in 183 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia using a proxy measure of premorbid IQ with which current general cognitive ability (g) was compared. We then tested for a relationship between the risk haplotype identified in previous work (CTCTAC) and intellectual decline. Results We found that carriers of the CTCTAC haplotype, demonstrated a significantly greater decline in IQ as compared with non-carriers (p =0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that DTNBP1 influences the severity of intellectual decline in schizophrenia and may represent one underlying cause for heterogeneity in cognitive course.
Graphene nanosheets (GNS)/MoS2 composites were obtained by liquid phase exfoliation, and then SnS2 nanoflakes anchored GNS/MoS2 composites by the single mode microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. The architecture that MoS2 nanosheets are parallel to and inserted into GNS layers, 20nm SnS2 nanoflakes uniformly attaching on the MoS2/GNS nanocomposites have been obtained. GNS@MoS2@SnS2 exhibits superior lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs) performance in terms of specific capacity, cycling stability. At a current density of 80mAg−1, GNS@MoS2@SnS2 exhibits a discharge capacity of 743mA h g−1 after 100 cycles for LIBs, and 100mA h g−1 for SIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance of GNS@MoS2@SnS2 electrodes with the mass ratio of 1/6/7 is attributed to synergistic effects from the optimized architecture and proportion for GNS, MoS2, and SnS2 anode materials.
Mitigating the effect of linear transport infrastructure (LTI) on fauna is a crucial issue in road ecology. Wildlife crossing structures (tunnels or overpasses) are one solution that has been implemented to restore habitat connectivity and reduce wildlife mortality. Evaluating how these crossings function for small wildlife has often been recommended but, mainly due to technical limitations, is not often conducted in practice or only as short-term monitoring (less than 1 year). In this study, we developed and tested an automated device that records the detailed behaviour of animals when using wildlife tunnels. The method is based on marking and detecting individuals with RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and allows small animals to be tracked. Composed of four antennas (detectors) placed at roughly 2 m intervals, the system was tested in a tunnel in northern France in the summer of 2017. One species of amphibian (the toad Bufo spinosus, n = 13) and two carabids (the ground beetles Carabus coriaceus and Carabus nemoralis, respectively, n = 3 and n = 4), marked beforehand with PIT (passive integrated transponder) tags, were recorded when they crossed these detectors. This allowed individual trajectories, including crossing speed, to be estimated.
The invention of photography in the 1830s brought voyeurism to the masses. It made public what was previously only imagined and secret.
Tris(methoxy polyethylenglycol) borate ester (B-PEG) and aluminum tris(polyethylenglycoxide) (Al-PEG) were used as electrolyte solvent for lithium ion battery, and the electrochemical property of these electrolytes were investigated. These electrolytes, especially B-PEG, showed poor electrochemical stability, leading to insufficient discharge capacity and rapid degradation with cycling. These observations would be ascribed to the decomposition of electrolyte, causing formation of unstable passive layer on the surface of electrode in lithium ion battery at high voltage. However, significant improvement was observed by the addition of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) powder into electrolyte solvent. AC impedance technique revealed that the increase of interfacial resistance of electrode/electrolyte during cycling was suppressed by adding AlPO4, and this suppression could enhance the cell capabilities. We infer that dissolved AlPO4 components formed electrochemically stable layer on the surface of electrode.
Fe3O4 has been regarded as one of the sustainable alternatives for anode materials of Li-ion batteries (LIBs), but the severe volume expansion and agglomeration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles pose limitations to the lithium storage capability. In this paper, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are loaded on the carbon derived from inner pomelo pericarp to form Fe3O4/C composite. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the good electronic conductivity of the biochar and the high capacity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the composite delivers a pronounced reversible capacity of 1003.3mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at 100mAg−1, and reveals an impressive high rate capacity of 634.6mAhg−1 at 500mAg−1 with the capacity fading of 0.074% per cycle, suggesting the great potential as anode materials for LIBs. The mineral substances of uniformly distributed KCl and CaCO3 in the biochar play an important role in enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite.
Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study addressed the question whether the relation between satisfaction of the psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and autonomy and well-being would be constrained by satisfaction of the need for safety. In Study 1, we investigated environmental safety in a sample of young adults (N = 224) in South Africa, a country known for its low public safety. In Study 2, we focused on financial safety within a socio-economically deprived adult Chinese sample (N = 357). Although safety satisfaction yielded a positive relation to well-being in both studies, satisfaction of the psychological needs contributed to well-being above and beyond safety satisfaction and its contribution was not dependent upon the level of safety satisfaction. Further, across both studies, individuals high in safety satisfaction desired less psychological need satisfaction. Supplementary analyses in Study 2 indicated that whereas financial safety yielded a positive relation to well-being, materialism yielded a negative association. Together, these results point to the important role of basic psychological need satisfaction beyond safety satisfaction in the prediction of well-being.
Hierarchical structures based on carbon paper and multi-walled nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes were fabricated and subsequently decorated with hematite nanorods to obtain advanced 3D architectures for Li-ion battery negative electrodes. The carbon paper provides a versatile metal-free 3D current collector ensuring a good electrical contact of the active materials to its carbon fiber network. Firstly, the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes onto the carbon paper were studied and a high footprint area capacity of 2.1 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2 was obtained. The Li can be stored in the inter-wall regions of the nanotubes, mediated by the defects formed on their walls by the nitrogen atoms. Secondly, the incorporation of hematite nanorods raised the footprint area capacity to 2.25 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. However, the repeated conversion/de-conversion of Fe2O3 limited both coulombic and energy efficiencies for these electrodes, which did not perform as well as those including only the N-doped carbon nanotubes at higher current densities. Thirdly, long-cycling tests showed the robust Li insertion mechanism in these N-doped carbonaceous structures, which yielded an unmatched footprint area capacity enhancement up to 1.95 mAh cm−2 after 60 cycles at 0.3 mA cm−2 and an overall capacity of 204 mAh g−1 referred to the mass of the entire electrode.
All-solid-state batteries were fabricated with lithium silicide anodes (Li4.4Si), sulfide-based glass electrolyte (Li2S-P2S5), and titanium disulfide (TiS2) cathodes. Two approaches were taken to improve the properties of the interface between anode and solid electrolyte, and between the anode and the current collector. First, the lithium silicide powder was ball-milled for particle-size reduction, to achieve higher utilization of the active material. Second, the anode layer was designed with gradient structure consisting of lithium silicide + solid electrolyte composite layer (for easy lithium ion transport from anode to electrolyte and vice versa) and lithium silicide layer (for easy electron transport from anode to current collector and vice versa). It was found that the additional ball milling step increased contact area between solid electrolyte and anode active material on the basis of GITT tests using a half cell. This effect was reflected in charge-discharge tests on a cell with the secondary ball-milled lithium silicide, resulting in higher capacities. A cell with the gradient-structured anode also showed 2–3-times higher capacities in comparison with a cell with conventional electrode design. Thus, the present work indicates why design of the electrode layers is a critical factor in determining the performance of solid state batteries.
Carbon-coated core-shell structure artificial graphite@plasma nano-silicon@carbon (AG@PNSi@C) composite, applying as lithium ion battery anode material, has been prepared via spray drying method. The plasma nano-silicon (<100nm), which contained amorphous silicon, was synthesized by radio frequency induction plasma system with the high temperatures processing capability and high quench rates. The artificial graphite in the composite acts as the core which supports the particle and provides electroconductivity, while PNSi attached on the surface of the core, enhances the specific capacity of the composite. The as prepared composite shows superior performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries, regarding to the initial Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. The initial Coulombic efficiency of AG@PNSi@C electrode is 81.0% with a discharge capacity of 553mAhg−1 and a recharge capacity of 448mAhg−1. During cycling, AG@PNSi@C exhibits excellent performance with a very low capacity fading that the discharge capacity maintains 498.2mAhg−1 and 449.4mAhg−1 after 250 cycles and 500 cycles. AG@PNSi@C also shows enhanced resistance against high current density. Besides the remarkable electrochemical performances, the facile and mass-producible synthesis process makes the AG@PNSi@C composite very promising for its application in lithium-ion batteries.
Transition metal chalcogenides are potentially promising anode materials for fabricating good-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here in this work, CoSe nanoparticles are synthesized via a facile heating process using cobalt-based metal organic framework (ZIF-67) and selenium powder as precursor, and, simultaneously, the in situ formation of N-doped graphitic carbon (NC) nanosheets is also achieved by adding certain amount of dicyandiamide, finally forming a unique structure, in which CoSe/Co nanoparticles are wrapped in layered carbon nitride nanosheets (CoSe/Co@NC). The incorporation of NC coating helps maintain the structural integrity of the composite, ensuring its stability in long term cycling. As a result, the CoSe/Co@NC composite presents a specific capacity of about 630 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 640 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles.
This work studies the process of electrochemical formation of polypyrrole onto a vitreous carbon rotating disk electrode, from a pyrrole aqueous solution containing sodium nitrate, applying different potentials to the electrode for both conditions: stagnant and forced convection. It was found that the analyses of the experimental current transients, in both cases, could be done using the same theoretical model. The latter involves three different contributions: a first one due to pyrrole oxidation on the vitreous carbon surface, to form different oligomers in solution, a second one related with bidimensional nucleation of the oligormeric form of pyrrole (formed during the first stage) that saturated the solution near the electrode surface and a final contribution due to oxidation of pyrrole and/or its oligomers onto the surface of the polypyrrole film deposited during the 2D nucleation. The last contribution can be related to the polypyrrole three dimensional growth through direct incorporation of the monomer to the polymeric film or to a similar processes as described on the first two stages. For the stagnant solution the contribution related with the third stage was the highest observed, for a given applied potential, however, when hydrodynamic conditions were imposed, at a constant potential, the contribution due to this stage diminishes with the angular speed of the RDE electrode, because the more reactive oligomeric forms of pyrrole are forced away from the electrode surface, to practically reach a steady value. From AFM images it is shown that toroidal structures became apparent when deposition was done potentiodynamically and that the whole electrode surface was covered by small nuclei which possess an average height that is quite similar to that theoretically predicted by the deposition model here proposed to explain the potentiostatic Ppy electrodeposition.
Suri P, Kiely DK, Leveille SG, Frontera WR, Bean JF. Increased trunk extension endurance is associated with meaningful improvement in balance among older adults with mobility problems. Objective To determine whether trunk extension endurance changes with training are associated with clinically meaningful improvements in balance among mobility-limited older adults. Design Longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation research center. Participants Community-dwelling older adults (N=64; mean age, 75.9y) with mobility limitations as defined by a score of 4 to 10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery. Interventions Sixteen weeks of progressive resistance training. Main Outcome Measures Outcomes were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Unipedal Stance Time (UST). Predictors included leg strength, leg power, trunk extension endurance, and the product of heart rate and blood pressure (RPP) at the final stage of an exercise tolerance test. We performed an analysis of data from participants who completed 16 weeks of training by using binary outcomes defined by a clinically meaningful change (CMC) from baseline to completion of the intervention (BBS=4 units; UST=5s). The association of predictor variables with balance outcomes was examined separately and together in multivariate adjusted logistic regression models. Results Trunk extension endurance in seconds (1.04 [1.00–1.09]) was independently associated with CMC on the BBS. Trunk extension endurance (1.02 [1.00–1.03]) was independently associated with CMC on the UST. Other physical attributes were not associated with meaningful change in balance. Conclusions Improvements in trunk extension endurance were independently associated with CMCs in balance in older adults. Leg strength, leg power, and RPP were not associated with CMC in balance. Poor trunk extension endurance may be a rehabilitative impairment worthy of further study as a modifiable factor linked to balance among older adults.
Tup1 is a general transcriptional repressor of diverse gene families coordinately controlled by glucose repression, mating type, and other mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several functional domains of Tup1 have been identified, each of which has differing effects on transcriptional repression. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of Tup1 and its domains in maltose metabolism of industrial baker’s yeast. To this end, a battery of in-frame truncations in the TUP1 gene coding region were performed in the industrial baker’s yeasts with different genetic background, and the maltose metabolism, leavening ability, MAL gene expression levels, and growth characteristics were investigated.
In order to provide a fast multi-UAV cooperative data acquisition approach for 3D building model reconstruction in emergency management domain, a route planning methodology is proposed. A minimum image set including camera shooting positions and attitudes can be firstly obtained, with the given parameters describing the target building, UAVs, cameras, and image overlap requirements. A specific flight route network is then determined, and the optimal solution for multi-UAV data capture route planning is computed on the basis of constraint conditions such as the time frame, UAV battery endurance, and take-off and landing positions. Furthermore, field experiments with manual operating UAV mode, single UAV mode, and multi-UAV mode were conducted to compare the data collection and processing runtimes, as well as the quality of created 3D building models. According to the five defined LoDs of OGC CityGML 2.0 standard, the fine 3D building models conform to the LoD3. Comparison results demonstrate that our method is able to greatly enhance the efficiency of 3D reconstruction by improving the data collection speed while minimizing redundant image datasets, as well as to provide a normalized approach to assign the single or multi-UAV data acquisition tasks. The quality analysis of 3D models shows that the metric difference is less than 20 cm mean error with a standard deviation of 11 cm, which is fairly acceptable in emergency management study field. A 3D GIS-based software demo was also implemented to enable route planning, flight simulation, and data collection visualization.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of coastal waters of sites with mining activity in Echinolittorina peruviana, through oxidative stress biomarkers and heavy metals determination both in water and in tissue. Organisms were collected in the intertidal zone in areas with and without mining activity. Metal concentrations in the water and tissues, and also, the following biomarkers of oxidative stress: antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase and catalase, non-enzymatic oxidative capacity (TRAP), oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyls) and TBARS, were measured The concentrations of accumulated metals had the following order Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr > Mo > As; the highest concentrations of metals in water and tissues were found in Caleta Palito and Chañaral. Results suggest that the coastal waters with mining activity and greatest concentrations of copper and iron induced the greater antioxidant response and oxidative damage to lipids in E. peruviana.