batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Our group has previously demonstrated that peripheral motion contrast threshold (PMCT) is significantly associated with self-reported accident risk of older drivers (questionnaire assessment), and with Useful Field of View® subtest 2 (UFOV2). It has not been shown, however, that PMCT is significantly associated with driving performance. Using the method of descending limits (spatial two-alternative forced choice) we assessed motion contrast thresholds of 28 young participants (25–45), and 21 older drivers (63–86) for 0.4 cycle/degree drifting Gabor stimuli at 15° eccentricity and examined whether it was related to performance on a simulated on-road test and to a measure of visual attention (UFOV® subtests 2 and 3). Peripheral motion contrast thresholds (PMCT) of younger participants were significantly lower than older participants. PMCT and UFOV2 significantly predicted driving examiners’ scores of older drivers’ simulator performance, as well as number of crashes. Within the older group, PMCT correlated significantly with UFOV2, UFOV3, and age. Within the younger group, PMCT was not significantly related to either UFOV® scores or age. Partial correlations showed that: substantial association between PMCT and UFOV2 was not age-related (within the older driver group); PMCT and UFOV2 tapped a common visual function; and PMCT assessed a component not captured by UFOV2. PMCT is potentially a useful assessment tool for predicting accident risk of older drivers, and for informing efforts to develop effective countermeasures to remediate this functional deficit as much as possible.
In this work we present an isothermal mathematical model of a secondary zinc air battery with alkaline liquid electrolyte. The model approach is flexible and allows to analyze the impact of surrounding air composition with its relative humidity, carbon dioxide and oxygen content on battery operation. We thereby apply an idealized approach to explore general limitations which give useful predictions for practical zinc air battery operation. Galvanostatic charge and discharge simulations show that air composition strongly impacts zinc air battery operation. Water level at anode and cathode, species concentrations and cell potential are shown to vary with air-composition impact during operation and may reach critical values which reduce battery lifetime. In detail, we deduce that intermediate relative humidity values of approximately 65%, carbon dioxide concentrations below 10 ppm and pure oxygen are beneficial for high performance and long term stable zinc air battery operation at 298 K with 6M potassium hydroxide as alkaline liquid electrolyte. The presented results will give useful information on operating strategies for zinc air batteries and electrochemical energy storage systems with open air electrode. The model might be adapted for other metal air batteries with aqueous electrolyte.
Hollingsworth & Vose Co has officially opened the Mark Hollingsworth Global Technology Center at the company's facility in Suzhou, China.
Lithium titanates are introduced as coating materials on the surface of Mg-doped LiCoO2 in which the residual Li2CO3 after synthesis of the active materials is used as a lithium source. It is revealed that two completely different lithium titanate phases (monoclinic Li2TiO3 and spinel Li4Ti5O12) can be obtained as the coating materials depending on the concentration of a titanium source. Characterization of the coating materials is performed with various experimental techniques including XRD, nano SIMS, TEM, EELS and current measurement using nano probe. The Li4Ti5O12 coating layer from the high concentration of titanium source secures better electrochemical performances than the Li2TiO3 one from the low concentration of titanium source due to its “zero-strain” characteristic. In addition, it is shown that the doped ions (Mg2+) from the active materials move to the coating layer and strongly enhance the conductivity of Li4Ti5O12. Consequently, synergistic effects on the cell performances of cyclability and rate capability from coating and doping for the LiCoO2 cathode materials are rigorously investigated.
This work evaluates a number of two- and three-dimensional electrodes for the reactions of an all-copper hybrid flow battery. Half- and full-cell experiments are conducted by minimizing the crossover effect of the copper(II) species. The battery incorporates a Nafion® cation exchange membrane and the negative electrolyte is maintained at the monovalent (colourless) state by the incorporating copper turnings in the electrolyte reservoir. Under such conditions, the half-cell coulombic efficiencies of the negative electrode reactions are all higher than 90% regardless of electrode materials and the state-of-charge (SOC). With charge–discharge cycling the half-cell from a 0% SOC, the coulombic efficiencies of the positive electrode reactions are lower than 76% with the planar carbon electrode, which further decrease in shorter charge–discharge cycles. Polarization and half-cell charge–discharge experiments suggest that the high-surface-area electrodes effectively reduce the overpotentials and improve the coulombic efficiencies of both electrode reactions. When copper fibres and carbon felt are used as the negative and positive electrodes, the average coulombic and voltage efficiencies of an all-copper flow battery are as high as c.a. 99% and c.a. 60% at 50 mA cm−2 for 35 cycles.
Emitted primarily from traffic, benzene has been identified as a carcinogen, inflicting deleterious effects on human health. This has mandated a high degree of scientific attention, both to measure ambient levels in urban regions and to explore mitigation strategies, which can form the basis of policy. In this paper, we present an overview of the most commonly used methods for measurements of atmospheric benzene. The results from field inter-comparisons involving a BTEX monitor as well as with manual pumped tube sampling and diffusive sampling are presented. Finally, monitoring strategies are discussed.
Resumen Las quejas por trastornos mnésicos se describen con mayor frecuencia en el deterioro cognitivo leve que en sujetos normales y en aquellos con diagnóstico de demencia, disminuyendo conforme progresa el síndrome demencial. Hay discrepancia entre distintos estudios, lo que ha llevado a buscar otros factores que intervengan. El objetivo fue determinar en qué medida el paciente y el cuidador son conscientes del déficit, y analizar la influencia de variables como el sexo, el grado de deterioro cognitivo y el nivel educativo. Se seleccionaron pacientes consecutivos derivados al consultorio de memoria de nuestra institución, entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2007 inclusive. Se recabaron las siguientes variables de la base de datos de dichos pacientes: edad, sexo, grado de deterioro cognitivo, años de educación y la respuesta al interrogatorio acerca de trastornos mnésicos al paciente y al cuidador. Se realizó análisis univariable y prueba de regresión logística. Se identificaron 721 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 76 años. El 84% de ellos reconocían tener trastornos mnésicos. El grado creciente de deterioro cognitivo se asoció a menor conciencia del déficit (p = 0,003). El 86% de los cuidadores percibía trastornos de memoria en los pacientes, con aumento a medida que avanza el deterioro (p < 0,001) y el grado de escolaridad (p < 0,001). En nuestra casuística las quejas por trastornos mnésicos manifestadas por los pacientes disminuyen a medida que avanza el deterioro cognitivo. Los cuidadores reconocen más fallos a medida que aumenta el deterioro y cuando el grado de escolaridad del paciente es mayor.
The aim of this study is utilizing the artificial photosynthesis, which is an attractive and challenging theme in the photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, to charge the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). In this work multi walled carbon nanotube/cadmium sulphide hybrid is employed as a photoanode material to oxidize VO2+ to VO 2 + for charging the positive vanadium redox flow battery’s half-cell. Characterization studies are also described using the scanning electron microscopic-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and UV–Visible methods. The phtoelectrochemical performance is characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) is achieved for both two and three-electrode configurations. The glassy carbon/multi walled carbon nanotube/cadmium sulphide yields high maximum ABPE of 2.6% and 2.12% in three and two-electrode setups, respectively. These results provide a useful guideline in designing photoelectrochemical cells for charging the vanadium redox flow batteries by sunlight as a low cost, free and abundant energy source, which does not rely on an external power input.
The childhood phenotype of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) involves impaired cognitive functioning starting in infancy, which may compromise later on their ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) necessary for living independently. The current study aims to document the ability to perform IADLs among adults with the childhood phenotype of DM1 and to explore its links to cognitive functioning.
Fe-based perovskite oxides SrFe1-x Ti x O3-δ (SFT, x =0.00–0.15) are developed as cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Dense single-phase SFT solid solutions are obtained by sintering the samples at 1300°C for 10h. The SFT materials are chemically compatible with the La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM) and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolytes at 1000°C for 2h. The highest electrical conductivity of 72 S cm−1 at 650°C in air is obtained for the x =0.05 sample. The substitution of Ti for Fe significantly reduces the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) from 26.5×10−6 K−1 at x =0.00 to 22.9×10−6 K−1 at x =0.15 between 30 and 1000°C. Single cells that use SFT as cathodes with x =0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 on a 300μm-thick LSGM electrolyte reach the peak power density of 446, 475, 439, and 432 mW cm−2 at 800°C, respectively. The addition of SDC in x =0.05 cathode significantly enhances the cell performance and reduces the TEC of the SFT–SDC composite cathodes. The Ti-substituted SFT perovskites and SFT–SDC composites can be considered cheaper alternative cathode materials for use in IT-SOFCs.
In recent years, fuel cell vehicles have attracted attention for their zero emission and environmental friendship. The sole fuel cell system cannot satisfy the dramatical change of motor power demands. In addition, the power fluctuations will damage the fuel cell stacks and shorten the cycle life of fuel cells. Therefore fuel cell systems are always combined with other energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors to increase the power density of the power system and fulfill the load power demands. The management strategy of the hybrid propulsion system is a significant technique for the vehicular power system. In this work, a finite state machine based management strategy is first proposed for both the battery/fuel cell and battery/supercapacitor/fuel cell system. The power capabilities of the battery and supercapacitor have been considered as important parameters in the management strategy. Moreover, an optimal oxygen excess ratio control is presented to maximize the fuel cell output net power. To evaluate the performance of the fuel economy and dynamic property, both the simulations and experimental verifications with the real physical system are given, and the real driving cycle of urban dynamometer driving schedule is utilized. The experimental and simulated results indicate that the proposed method is able to guarantee the required power during most of the driving cycles.
Though rereading is a study method commonly used by students, theoretical disagreement exists regarding whether rereading a text significantly enhances the representation and retention of the text’s contents. In four experiments, we evaluated the effectiveness of rereading relative to a single reading in a context paralleling that faced by students in the classroom. Participants read educational texts (textbook chapters or a Scientific American article) under intentional learning instructions. Learning and memory were tested with educationally relevant summative assessments (multiple choice, short-answer questions, and text summaries). With only several exceptions, rereading did not significantly increase performance on the assessments. We also found that reading comprehension ability did not alter this pattern. It appears that when using ecologically valid materials such as a textbook chapter, immediate rereading may have little or no benefit for improving performance on educationally relevant summative assessments.
Neuropathic pain (NP) is common in patients presenting with low back related leg pain. Accurate diagnosis of NP is fundamental to ensure appropriate intervention. In the absence of a clear gold standard, expert opinion provides a useful methodology to progress research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to achieve expert consensus on a list of clinical indicators to identify NP in low back related leg pain.
is Business Leader for  Advanced Composites  at Sabic in Düsseldorf  (Germany).
Metal selenides have received much attention from the rechargeable battery community owing to their considerable capacity. However, attainment of a long cycle life and fast Na+ storage kinetics are still needed to enable their practical application. Co0.85Se nanosheets prepared using a simple hydrothermal method exhibit a hierarchical porous structure, which is conducive to fast electrolyte transport and rapid adsorption of Na+ ions. Herein, to improve the electronic conductivity of Co0.85Se, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to construct a three-dimensional network and achieve fast electronic transport. This defect-controlled Co0.85Se@rGO anode exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 460 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Outstanding durability and remarkable rate stability are also achieved via the synergistic effects of vacancy transport and the heterostructure between Co0.85Se and rGO. Furthermore, the Na+ insertion/extraction mechanism is systematically investigated using ex situ X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and a series of electrochemical analyses. These analyses enable detailed characterization of the ionic diffusion kinetics and corresponding components and structural changes. Finally, a first-principles approach is employed to determine the diffusion energy barrier of Na+ ions in perfect CoSe and defective Co0.85Se.
The rational design of sulfur barrier/host materials plays essential roles in developing high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, we developed a hierarchically fibrous framework to establish a conductive, adsorptive, and catalytic barrier toward inhibition on polysulfide shuttling and enhancement in Li-S battery performance. The weaving carbonaceous scaffold with vertically-rooted carbon nanofiber (CNF) tentacles facilitates both short- and long-range electrical conduction as well as efficient exposure of active sites, while the multiple adsorptive and catalytic sites enable strong sulfur confinement and expedited sulfur conversion, thus contributing to a fast and durable sulfur electrochemistry. Attributed to these favorable features, Li-S cells based on the as-developed interlayer achieve excellent cyclability with minimum capacity fading rate of 0.018% over 1000 cycles, high rate capability up to 3 C, and decent performance under high raised sulfur loading up to 8 mg cm−2.
Abstract A graphite–vegetable oil-derived polyurethane was proposed as a composite electrode material for use in electroanalytical procedures. The advantages of such material include nonswelling during use in aqueous media, possibility of molding the final device into a variety of shapes, resistance to organic solvents allowing its use in nonaqueous systems, and easiness of incorporating modifiers in bulk. The preparation, characterization, and application of the bare and modified electrodes are described. The bare electrodes could be used in the determination of organic substances in a wide range of potentials without adsorption of analytes and its oxidation/reduction products. Modification with organofunctionalized silica and bismuth films allowed the simultaneous determination of metal ions in water and in ethanol fuel; molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) improved selectivity of the device; and biomimetic systems could also be incorporated in the electrode. Imprinting of the uncured composite permitted the confection of disposable screen-printed electrodes with or without modification.
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with varied alkyl chain lengths bearing different anions (Cl−, Br− and I−) were synthesized and immobilized onto the commercial silica surface (IMIS). These heterogeneous catalysts exhibited high catalytic activities and selectivities in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to allyl glycidyl ether (AGE). The immobilized ionic liquids with longer alkyl chain length and more nucleophilic anion showed higher activity. In particular, compared with pristine IMIS, zinc halide-combined IMIS (IMIS-Zn) with Cl− exhibited an increased activity, while the IMIS-Zn with Br− and I− showed lower activity than IMIS itself. In addition, the textures of silica supports (surface area and average pore size) have a great impact on the catalytic activity owing to the substance-confined diffusion effects. The recycling experiments showed that the resulting heterogeneous catalysts exhibited good reusability.
We prepared amorphous carbon nanotubes decorated with hollow graphitic carbon nanospheres (ACNHGCNs) using a novel triple-coaxial electrospinning method and characterized the electro-chemical performance of these ACNHGCNs as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The ACNHGCNs displayed a very high reversible specific capacity of ∼969 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1, which is nearly 2.6 times the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mA h g−1). The ACNHGCNs also showed a high volumetric capacity of ∼1.42 A h cm−3 and good cycling stability and outstanding rate capability. The prepared ACNHGCNs can be a promising alternative anode material used for high-energy, low-cost and environmentally friendly lithium ion batteries.
Amorphous and crystallized tin-based composite oxide (TCO) thin layers were elaborated by radio frequency (r.f.) sputtering from a Sn/SnB0.6P0.4O2.9 target. Chemical, physical and electrochemical properties of these thin film electrodes are presented. The electrochemical behavior depends on several parameters including the nature of the metallic sub-layer acting as the current collector. Partially crystallized thin film-based electrodes deposited on an Au sub-layer and containing high amount of metallic tin were found to present a very interesting specific capacity (550mAh/g) associated to promising cyclability.
A new sodium insertion compound, γ'-V2O5, is prepared by the chemical oxidation of γ-LiV2O5 phase using NO2BF4 as oxidizing agent. Nearly one Na+/γ'-V2O5 can be inserted in γ'-V2O5 involving the V5+/V4+ redox couple at a high working potential of 3.3 V vs. Na+/Na. With a maximum specific capacity of 145mAhg−1, γ'-V2O5 exhibits a high discharge rate capability with still 135mAhg−1 at C/2 and 120mAhg−1 at C. A strong kinetic limitation is nevertheless evidenced for the first charge process since a 60% efficiency at RT (C/20) is evidenced while a full Na extraction is allowed at 50°C (C/60). However, an excellent capacity retention is demonstrated whatever the temperature and C rate: At room temperature, a stable capacity of 80mAhg−1 is obtained at C/20 over 40 cycles and still 55mAhg−1 at C/5 over 70 cycles; at 50°C, a stable discharge capacity of 95mAhg−1 is available at C/10 after 70 cycles. A detailed structural study is reported from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. A two phases mechanism involving the γ'-V2O5/γ-Na0.7V2O5 system for 0≤x≤0.7 followed by a single phase region for 0.7< x≤0.97 is evidenced. From the second cycle, sodium insertion-extraction is shown to proceed within the zero strain γ-NaxV2O5 structure, which explains the remarkable cycling stability. These results demonstrate that γ'-V2O5 forms a new competitive cathode for sodium- ion battery.
This paper presents a predictive control scheme for coordinating a set of heterogeneous and complementary resources at different timescales for the provision of ancillary services. In particular, we combine building thermodynamics (slow), and energy storage systems (fast resources) to augment the flexibility that can be provided to the grid compared to the flexibility that any of these resources can provide individually. A multi-level control scheme based on data-based robust optimization methods is developed that enables heterogeneous resources at different time scales (slow and fast) to provide fast regulation services, especially a secondary frequency control service. A data-based predictor is developed to forecast the future regulation signal and is used to improve the performance of the controller in real-time operation. The proposed control method is used to conduct experiments, for nine consecutive days, demonstrating the provision of secondary frequency control fully complying to the Swiss regulations, using a controllable building cooling system on the EPFL campus and an emulated grid-connected energy storage system. The experimental results show that optimally combining such slow and fast resources can significantly augment the flexibility that can be provided to the grid. To the best of author’s knowledge, this work is the first experimental demonstration of coordinating heterogeneous demand-response to provide secondary frequency control service.
Graphene, the 2D form of carbon-based material existing as a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice has set the science and technology sectors alight with interest in the last decade in view of its astounding electrical and thermal properties, combined with its mechanical stiffness, strength and elasticity. Mass production of graphene is prerequisite for its viability and wide applications. The liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite into graphene is one of the most promising ways to achieve large-scale production at an extremely low cost. Another related main challenge is to find an economical procedure for large scale production of functionalized single- and few-layered graphene sheets. This review focuses on discussing different liquid-phase exfoliation methods based on a common mechanical mechanism. It is our premise that a deep understanding of the exfoliation mechanism can provide fruitful information on how to efficiently achieve high-quality graphene by optimizing exfoliation techniques. We highlight the recent progress on liquid-phase exfoliation for graphene production during the last decade. The emphasis is set on the widely used direct ultrasonic exfoliation methods, stabilizer-based exfoliation procedures, the newly explored wet-ball milling methods, shear exfoliation approaches, functionalization-assisted exfoliation techniques, electrochemical exfoliation routes, and the innovative supercritical fluid approaches. Various synthetic approaches are categorized and the advantages and disadvantages of different liquid-phase exfoliation methods are described. In addition, the main concerns regarding the quality and structure of the graphene sheet produced from aforementioned methods and the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of the final bulk graphene materials will also be discussed. We hope this review will point towards a rational direction for the scalable production of graphene.