batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen production by electrochemical water electrolysis has received great attention as an alternative technology for energy conversion and storage. The oxygen electrode has a substantial effect on the performance and durability of water electrolyzers and reversible (or regenerative) fuel cells because of its intrinsically slow kinetics for oxygen evolution/reduction and poor durability under harsh operating environments. To improve oxygen kinetics and durability of the electrode, extensive studies for highly active and stable oxygen electrocatalysts have been performed. However, due to the thermodynamic instability of transition metals in acidic media, noble metal compounds have been primarily utilized as electrocatalysts in water electrolyzers and reversible fuel cells. For water electrolyzer applications, single noble metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide and iridium oxide have been studied, and binary or ternary metal oxides have been developed to obtain synergistic effects of each component. On the other hand, a variety of bifunctional electrocatalysts with a combination of monofunctional electrocatalysts such as platinum for oxygen reduction and iridium oxide for oxygen evolution for reversible fuel cell applications have been mainly proposed. Practically, supported iridium oxide-on-platinum, its reverse type, and non-precious metal-supported platinum and iridium bifunctional electrocatalysts have been developed. Recent theoretical calculations and experimental studies in terms of water electrolysis and fuel cell technology suggest the effective ways to cope with current major challenges of cost and durability of oxygen electrocatalysts for technical applications.
Objective Schizophrenia results in cognitive impairments as well as positive, negative, and disorganized symptomatology. The present study examines the extent to which these cognitive deficits are generalized across domains, potential moderator variables, and whether the pattern of cognitive findings reported in schizophrenia has remained consistent over time and across cultural and geographic variation. Method Relevant publications from 2006 to 2011 were identified through keyword searches in PubMed and an examination of reference lists. Studies were included if they (1) compared the cognitive performance of adult schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, (2) based schizophrenia diagnoses on contemporary diagnostic criteria, (3) reported information sufficient to permit effect size calculation, (4) were reported in English, and (5) reported data for neuropsychological tests falling into at least 3 distinct cognitive domains. A set of 100 non-overlapping studies was identified, and effect sizes (Hedge's g) were calculated for each cognitive variable. Results Consistent with earlier analyses, patients with schizophrenia scored significantly lower than controls across all cognitive tests and domains (grand mean effect size, g=−1.03). Patients showed somewhat larger impairments in the domains of processing speed (g=−1.25) and episodic memory (g=−1.23). Our results also showed few inconsistencies when grouped by geographic region. Conclusions The present study extends findings from 1980 to 2006 of a substantial, generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, demonstrating that this finding has remained robust over time despite changes in assessment instruments and alterations in diagnostic criteria, and that it manifests similarly in different regions of the world despite linguistic and cultural differences.
The present work proposes a stochastic approach for Day-Ahead operation of Home Energy Management Systems when batteries, solar photovoltaic resources and Electric Water Heaters are considered. The optimization problem minimizes the operation costs formed by energy procurement in the wholesale market and the equivalent cycling aging cost of the batteries, and also includes the uncertainty of the PV production and the load. The complete two-stage stochastic formulation results in a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming problem that is decomposed using a Competitive Swarm Optimizer to handle the calculation of the battery cycling aging cost. A Storage Disaggregation Algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation is used to reduce the problem size and to allocate individual State of Charge for the batteries. In addition, the advantages of considering a stochastic approach are shown by means of the Value of the Stochastic Solution. This methodology has been developed in the context of the Horizon 2020 project SENSIBLE as part of the tasks related to a use case that considers an aggregator that participates in the electricity market with a portfolio of prosumers with active demand capability.
Genome-wide association studies have identified CD33 as an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility locus. Here, the authors show that the CD33 risk allele is associated with altered myeloid function, microglial activation and in vivo amyloid pathology.
A new solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) PEO-LiTFSI-1%LGPS-10%SN is successfully prepared via a convenient method with low cost. The effect of SN on the ionic conductivity of PEO-based electrolyte is systematically investigated. It presents a maximum conductivity of 9.10×10−5 S·cm−1 at 25°C, and a 15-fold ion conductivity enhancement in PEO-LiTFSI. It exhibits wide electrochemical window (0–5.5V) and excellent compatibility with metallic Li. The LiFePO4/Li batteries exhibit a good cycling and rate performance under 40°C, whose maximum discharge specific capacity at 0.1 C is 160.6mAh·g−1, and 94.7% can be retained after 60 cycles. At 0.5C, the maximum discharge specific capacity is 138.4mAh·g−1, and capacity retention close to 90% even after 100 cycles. The reasons of activation process are discussed. This new SPE with outstanding electrochemical performance is a promising solid electrolyte candidate for applications in all-solid-state lithium battery.
As a member of the family of so-called MXenes, two-dimensional vanadium carbide (V2CT x , denoted as V-MXene) used in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still in the stage of theoretical study without significant experimental exploration. Here, we present the theoretical and experimental studies on the intrinsic structural and electrochemical properties of V-MXene-based hybrid (NiS2/V-MXene) to verify the possibility of using it as a potential electrocatalyst for HER. For the purpose of comparison, the most popular titanium carbide (Ti3C2T x , denoted as Ti-MXene) is studied too. As a proof of concept, NiS2/V-MXene and NiS2/Ti-MXene, are designed, prepared and experimentally explored. As expected, NiS2/V-MXene is proved to be a better electrocatalyst for HER than NiS2/Ti-MXene due to its faster electronic transfer and favorable interactions. The tight cover of NiS2 nanoparticles not only prevents V-MXene from restacking but also favors the exposure of extra active sites to accelerate the electrolysis process. Such a unique sandwich-like architecture is highly preferable to provide larger contact interface and more pathways for electron migration and mass diffusion during the electrolysis. Meanwhile, the predicted electron transfer from V-MXene to NiS2 is confirmed experimentally using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This research may provide a guide for the design and development of V-MXene-based electrocatalysts for HER, and expand their potential applications.
Self-discharge tuning of supercapacitors is critical in prolonging their energy retention, which would significantly benefit their applications in energy storage if the self-discharge process can be controlled. This report on self-discharge mechanisms of supercapacitors built with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) demonstrates the effects of surface chemistry on self-discharge by interfering in the electrostatic interaction between electrolytic ions and the SWNT surface and also explores the tunability of the self-discharge process. Experimental results give decent correlation between the self-discharge performance and the concentration of functional groups attached to the electrode surface. The time the self-discharge process takes to reach half of the charged voltage is extended by ~5 times with functional group decreasing by ~13%. Tuning of the self-discharge rate is therefore feasible for the SWNT supercapacitors by simply trimming the surface chemistry of the nanotubes.
Using a green and effective method based on the solid state reaction between FePO4·2H2O and KBH4, high pure Fe2P nanoparticles are successfully prepared. The mass ratio of FePO4·2H2O to KBH4 has a decisive influence on the composition of the products. Moreover, Fe2P nanoparticles exhibit considerably high discharge capacities and excellent rate capability as the anode materials for nickel-based rechargeable batteries. The reversible discharge capacities are 413 and 343 mAh g−1 at currents of 100 and 500 mA g−1, respectively. It is expected that Fe2P nanoparticles have potential applications in nickel-based rechargeable batteries.
The goal of this study was to identify assessment tools and associated behavioral domains that differentiate children with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from those with epilepsy. A sample of 24 children with PNES (mean age 14.0 years, 14 female), 24 children with epilepsy (mean age 13.6 years, 13 female), and their parents were recruited from five epilepsy centers in the United States. Participants completed a battery of behavioral questionnaires including somatization, anxiety, and functional disability symptoms. Children with PNES had significantly higher scores on the Childhood Somatization and Functional Disability Inventories, and their parents reported more somatic problems on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Depression, anxiety, and alexithymia instruments did not differentiate the groups. Measures of somatization and functional disability may be promising tools for differentiating the behavioral profile of PNES from that of epilepsy. Increased somatic awareness and perceived disability emphasize the similarity of PNES to other pediatric somatoform disorders.
In this chapter, we revisit some traditional concepts of user experience and usability practices over the years and re-evaluate them in light of the sustainability initiative and guidelines. As the field of sustainability evolves alongside user experience, those prevailing concepts that once held significance as the holy grail of design and usability require revisitation to create new guidelines that mesh and help us think about design in the age of sustainability. Navigating and negotiating between the lines of what it means to be usable and sustainable is necessary to envision a framework based on inclusion of usability, user experience, and sustainability. Keywords interaction design, usability, durability, visual design, efficiency, learnability, accessibility, effectiveness, minimalism
Martini DN, Sabin MJ, DePesa SA, Leal EW, Negrete TN, Sosnoff JJ, Broglio SP. The chronic effects of concussion on gait. Objective To examine the effects of concussion on gait patterns of young adults with and without a history of concussion during single- and dual-task paradigms. Design Cross-sectional evaluation. Setting A research laboratory. Participants Persons with (n=28; mean, 6.32y postinjury) and without (n=40) a concussion history. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures A battery of gait analyses during single- and dual-task conditions. Normalized velocity, step length, stride width, number correct from cognitive task, time in single-leg stance, and time in double-leg stance were the variables of interest. Gait was analyzed using an electronic walkway system, and the Brooks visuospatial cognitive task was used to index cognition. Results Data analyses using multiple 2-way repeated-measures analyses of variance and correlations indicated that participants with a history of concussion spent significantly more time in a double-leg stance and significantly decreased time in a single-leg stance and had slower gait velocity. There also was a significant negative correlation between number of concussions and time in single-leg stance and positive correlations between number of concussions and time in double-leg stance and double-stance percent. Conclusion These findings suggest that persons with a history of concussion adopt a more conservative gait strategy.
Objectives To identify in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) undergoing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test (TT) for consideration of a ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt: (1) gait and balance measures, which identify symptom change; (2) differences present between pre– and post–CSF TT scores between patients classified as responders and nonresponder; (3) ability of patients with iNPH to accurately quantify change in their gait and balance symptoms from a CSF TT. Design Prospective observational study. Post–CSF TT assessment was completed 2-4 hours post. Setting Tertiary referral neurological and neurosurgical hospital. Participants Patients (N=74) with iNPH receiving a 30 mL CSF TT for consideration of a VP shunt. Interventions Patients underwent a battery of gait and balance measures pre– and post–CSF TT and indicated their perceived change on a global rating of change (GRC). Patients deemed to improve and offered VP shunt insertion by a neurologist or neurosurgeon were labeled responders. Main Outcome Measures Performance oriented mobility assessment (Tinetti), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), GRC. Results Forty patients were classified responders, 34 nonresponders. Significant differences were identified for responders: Tinetti (3.88 points), TUG (3.98 seconds), 10MWT (0.08 m/sec), and BBS (5.29 points). Significant differences were found for nonresponders for the Tinetti (0.91 points) and BBS (2.06 points). Change scores for responders and nonresponders were significantly different for all tests between responders and nonresponders. GRC scores for gait (+2 for responders, 0 for nonresponders) and balance (+2.5 for responders, 0 for nonresponders) were both significantly different. Conclusions The Tinetti, BBS, and TUG can identify change in patients undergoing a CSF TT for iNPH. Patients appear to be able to accurately identify if change has occurred.
Objective The aim of this study was to test whether new heart rate variability (HRV) complexity measures provide diagnostic information regarding early subclinical autonomic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods HRV in DM type 1 patients (n =17, 10f, 7m) aged 12.9–31.5 years (duration of DM 12.4±1.2 years) was compared to a control group of 17 healthy matched probands. The length of R–R intervals was measured over 1h using a telemetric ECG system. In addition to linear measures, we assessed HRV complexity measures, including multiscale entropy (MSE), compression entropy and various symbolic dynamic measures (Shannon and Renyi entropies, normalized complexity index (NCI), and pattern classification). Results HRV magnitude was significantly reduced in patients with DM. Several HRV complexity parameters (MSE at scales 2–4, Renyi entropy, NCI) were also significantly reduced in diabetics. MSE indices and compression entropy did not correlate with linear measures. Conclusions The magnitude and complexity of HRV are reduced in young patients with DM, indicating vagal dysfunction. Significance The quantification of HRV complexity in combination with its magnitude may provide an improved diagnostic tool for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in DM.
Habitat fragmentation is increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities, especially in urban areas. Dispersal through fragmented habitats is key for species to spread, persist in metapopulations and shift range in response to climate change. However, high habitat connectivity may also hasten the spread of invasive species.
In this paper, facile and scalable single-walled carbon nanotubes with manganese oxide (SWNT/MnO2) hybrid films are presented and systematically studied. The hybrid films are synthesized by a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, followed by one-step simple precipitation process and then characterized in 1M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/propylene carbonate (PC) organic electrolyte. The electrochemical behavior of the SWNT/MnO2 hybrid films is discussed with regards to specific capacitance, energy density, power capability and cycle life, by means of cyclic voltammetry measurements, electrochemical impedance analysis and galvanostatic charge/discharge analysis. The SWNT/MnO2 hybrid electrode delivers highest specific capacitance of 150Fg−1, energy density of 70Whkg−1, and power density of 79kWkg−1. It exhibits excellent stability of 98.5% retention at current densities of 50Ag−1 and 2Ag−1, after 15,000 cycles and 1000 cycles, respectively. It also shows ultra-high frequency response with a knee frequency of 2043Hz. The hybrid films are binder-free, robust, with pre-formed electrical pathways and excellent electrode structures for supercapacitor applications.
Spent lithium ion batteries that contain valuable metal elements such as Co, Ni, Mn, Cu are being landfilled in many countries and raising resources depletion and human toxicity potentials. Low cost and high efficiency recovery process is highly desired. In this work we confirmed that high performance Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3(OH)2 precursor and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material can be synthesized from leaching solution of a lithium ion battery recovery stream. The precursor was synthesized from a typical co-precipitation process with carefully controlling the reaction parameters. Electrochemical properties including rate capacity and cycle life were tested to evaluate the final product. The results show that the cathode material synthesized from spent lithium ion battery recovery stream is performing a discharge capacity of 158 mAh/g at first cycle of 0.1C and 139 mAh/g at first cycle of 0.5C cycle life test. After 100 and 200 cycles, still over 80% and 65% of capacity is remained, respectively. The materials are also evaluated independently at Argonne National Laboratory.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support aid for the strategic design of an assembly system in the international business environment created by NAFTA. The strategic design problem is to prescribe a set of facilities, including their locations, technologies, and capacities, as well as strategic aspects of the supply chain, selecting suppliers; locating distribution centers; planning transportation modes; and allocating target levels (i.e., amounts) for production, assembly, and distribution. The objective is to maximize after-tax profits. This paper presents a mixed integer programming model that represents the complexities of the international design problem as well as relevant enterprise-wide decisions in the US–Mexico business environment under NAFTA. It deals with a broad set of design issues (e.g., bill-of-material restrictions, international financial considerations, and material flow through the entire supply chain) using effective modeling devices (e.g., linearizing non-linearities that arise in modeling transfer prices and allocating transportation charges). Examples demonstrate how managers might use the model as a decision support aid.
The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), developed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative, has been recommended as the standard battery for clinical trials of cognition-enhancing interventions for schizophrenia. Normative data for the MCCB has been previously obtained in the U.S. Extrapolation of these normative data to different countries may be problematic due to the translation of the different tests, as well as potential cultural influences. We present the process of obtaining normative data for the MCCB in Spain with administration of the battery to a general community standardization sample. In addition, we examine the influence of age, gender, and educational level on test performance. The MCCB was administered to a total sample of 210 healthy volunteers, at three Spanish sites. For each site, recruitment of the sample was stratified according to age, gender, and educational level. Our findings indicate significant age, gender, and education effects on the normative data for the MCCB in Spain, which are comparable to those effects described for the original standardized English version in the U.S. The fact that the normative data are comparable, and that the variables age, gender, and education have a similar influence on performance, supports the robustness of the MCCB for use in different countries.
This paper reports the creation of a porous tin oxide structure by means of anodization of pure tin foil in alkaline NaOH solutions. The tin oxide film formed is polycrystalline and possesses an irregular nanoporous structure with a porosity of ∼50%. The average pore size is ∼37nm with a size distribution from 10 to 60nm irrespective of anodization conditions, including the applied voltage (5–15V) and NaOH concentration (0.125–1M). The BET specific surface area of this porous structure is 79.6m2/g. Linear relationships are observed for the dependence of tin oxide layer thickness on anodization time, applied voltage, and NaOH concentration. A thermodynamic model is established to explain the pore growth mechanism in the anodization process.
In order to study the mechanism of selective catalytic reduction of activated coke to remove NO in low-temperature flue gas and provide some theoretical basis for the development of related technologies. The pore size distribution and BET specific surface area of AC were obtain by data analyzing of N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm at − 196 °C and carbon matrix and surface chemistry of virgin activated coke samples were characterized by acid–base titration and XPS. The process of selective catalytic reduction of activated coke (AC) samples with NH3 as reducing agent was studied in a fixed bed reactor at 150 °C. The result shows that pore size distribution or BET specific surface of activated cokes have not correlation with denitrification activity for SCR. The NO reduction activities of the activated cokes are apparent to increase with their surface oxygen element content and total amount of acidic sites. Obviously there is good linear relationship between the NH3 adsorption capacity and activity for SCR with linear correlation coefficient 0.943. It has been presented that adsorption of NH3 on acidic functional groups in the edge of large polycyclic aromatic ring of activated coke is key rate controlling step in the SCR heterogeneous catalytic reaction.