batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Pseudocapacitors based on redox-active materials have relatively high energy density but suffer from low power capability. Here the authors report that two-dimensional transition metal carbides exhibit high gravimetric, volumetric and areal capacitance values at high charge/discharge rates.
In this study, we propose a new filler material (Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3 metal-organic framework, MOF-5), which is successfully prepared and incorporated in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) by an in-situ method for improving electrochemical properties in lithium ion battery. A highest ionic conductivity of 3.16 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C for the composition of PEO-LiN(SO2CF3)2 (ethylene oxide (EO):Li = 10:1)/10 wt% MOF-5 is obtained. The anodic steady window of the electrolyte is 4.57 V at 60 °C, which is decided by the decomposition voltage of MOF-5. The interfacial resistances of Li/CPE/Li cells become more stable upon storage compared for that without MOF-5. The reversible capacities of LiFePO4/Li solid cells increase at both 60 °C and 80 °C due to the decrease of the cell polarization. In addition, the capacity retention is 45% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate at 80 °C, while there is a sharp decay after 30 cycles in the cells without MOF-5 filling. These results show that MOF-5 is useful to enhance electrochemical properties of composite polymer electrolyte for solid lithium ion battery.
Pavlovian trace conditioning depends on the temporal gap between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. It requires, in mammals, functional medial temporal lobe structures and, in humans, explicit knowledge of the temporal contingency. It is therefore considered to be a plausible objective test to assess awareness without relying on explicit reports. We found that individuals with disorders of consciousness (DOCs), despite being unable to report awareness explicitly, were able to learn this procedure. Learning was specific and showed an anticipatory electromyographic response to the aversive conditioning stimulus, which was substantially stronger than to the control stimulus and was augmented as the aversive stimulus approached. The amount of learning correlated with the degree of cortical atrophy and was a good indicator of recovery. None of these effects were observed in control subjects under the effect of anesthesia (propofol). Our results suggest that individuals with DOCs might have partially preserved conscious processing, which cannot be mediated by explicit reports and is not detected by behavioral assessment.
The relationship of open circuit voltage (OCV) versus state of charge (SOC) is critical for many techniques such as accurate battery modeling and reliable SOC estimation. However, the hysteresis existing in OCV–SOC curves of lithium-ion batteries complicates this relationship especially for lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries which exhibit a very flat OCV–SOC hysteretic feature. This paper aims at modeling the OCV–SOC hysteresis for LiFePO4 batteries. The modeling approach is a novel adaptive discrete Preisach model (ADPM) based on the classic Preisach model and the least mean square (LMS) theory. To enhance the performance, the ADPM uses the measured current at each time step to adjust the weight vector. This method significantly decreases the errors (<1%) between the model predicted SOC and the true SOC acquired from experiments. A deformation algorithm of ADPM is further proposed to guarantee the performance even when large errors appear in the measured current. For further applications of the proposed ADPM such as SOC estimation, the robust performance of ADPM is also discussed when considering OCV input errors and measurement current errors. The results show that the maximum SOC calculation errors are about 6% and 5% respectively against uncertain OCV input and measured current which indicate the enormous potential of ADPM in battery management systems.
It has been reported that Internet addiction is associated with substance dependence. Eating disorders have high rates of co-morbidity with substance use disorders. The relationship between Internet addiction and eating disorders was reported in a previous study.
Using hierarchically mesoporous silica spheres as a hard template and methyl violet as carbon and nitrogen source, nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon spheres (N-HCS) are successfully prepared via a nanocasting method. The nitrogen-doped carbon spheres obtained after carbonization at 1000 °C (N-HCS-1000) exhibit a hierarchically micro-meso-macroporous structure with a relatively high surface area (BET) of 1413 m2 g−1 and a notably large pore volume of 2.96 cm3 g−1. In an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, the N-HCS-1000 material exhibits excellent activity with high current density, and its onset potential is notably close to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The efficient catalytic activity of this catalyst could be attributed to the high electrical conductivity of the nitrogen-doped carbon matrix as well as the hierarchically porous framework. This catalyst also exhibits better methanol crossover resistance and higher stability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Lithium-ion batteries always suffer from serious capability decay, especially when stored at high temperature and/or for prolonged duration. In this work, electrochemical performance for Li-rich layered oxides Li1.20Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 was systematically investigated as a function of temperature and duration. Plenty of techniques like SEM, EDS, EIS, ARC, Raman, XRD, and XPS were utilized to characterize the structures, valence states, compositions, particle sizes, and morphologies of the layered oxides with varying temperature and duration. The results reveal that room temperature storage may alter surface kinetics, but hardly influence the electrochemical performance. While in the case of high temperature storage in pristine state, cycling stability is highly dependent on the storage duration. The degradation mechanism at high temperature storage with prolonged duration is demonstrated to be the accumulation of surface species like LiF/Li x PF y O z initiated by the strong reactions between LiPF6 electrolyte and electrode. The results reported here may shed light on predicting electrochemical performance by surface analysis and also provide vital hints on enhancing the high-temperature storage stability of Li-rich layered oxides.
Supercapacitor (SCs) with excellent power and reasonably high energy densities are becoming a perfect solution towards the recent demand of various energy storage applications. Present review is focused on the synthetic methods used for spinel NiCo2O4 nanomaterials with different mysterious architectures for supercapacitor application. Synthesis of different nanostructures, hetero-structures, chemical modification and incorporation with high surface area conductive nanoarchitectures are the major strategies in the development of recent high-performance NiCo2O4-based electrodes for supercapacitors. This review runs through the creativity of current science when it comes to these nano-architectured electrodes. It is organized by techniques used for synthesis including chemical methods with and without templates along with their electrochemical supercapacitive properties. Plentiful works reviewed in this review shown enhanced electrochemical performance in the spinel NiCo2O4-based electrode materials. Finally, the future research directions and the remaining challenges toward the fabrication of different nanostructured NiCo2O4-based electrode materials for next-generation SCs are discussed (224 references).
Introduction Contralateral sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) after vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a severe complication, especially in those cases in which hearing preservation in the operated side was not possible. There are several theories that attempt to explain this issue, but there is no established guideline of treatment. Material and methods We report 4 patients treated in our institution who developed a severe CSNHL after surgery. Results Of the 185 cases of VS treated with surgery, 4 patients (2.2%) developed a CSNHL after VS surgery. After medical treatment, partial recovery of hearing occurred in one patient the other 3 patients presented a well-established severe SNHL. Conclusions Established treatment guidelines do not exist, but the use of high doses of corticosteroids has been recommended and cochlear implant in cases with no recovery and complete hearing loss may be useful.
La2MgNi9-related alloys are superior metal hydride battery anodes as compared to the commercial AB 5 alloys. Nd-substituted La2-y Nd y MgNi9 intermetallics are of particular interest because of increased diffusion rate of hydrogen and thus improved performance at high discharge currents. The present work presents in operando characterization of the LaNdMgNi9 intermetallic as anode for the nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. We have studied the structural evolution of LaNdMgNi9 during its charge and discharge using in situ neutron powder diffraction. The work included experiments using deuterium gas and electrochemical charge-discharge measurements. The alloy exhibited a high electrochemical discharge capacity (373 mAh/g) which is 20% higher than the AB 5 type alloys. A saturated β-deuteride synthesized by solid-gas reaction at P D2 = 1.6 MPa contained 12.9 deuterium atoms per formula unit (D/f.u.) which resulted in a volume expansion of 26.1%. During the electrochemical charging, the volume expansion (23.4%) and D-contents were found to be slightly reduced. The reversible electrochemical cycling is performed through the formation of a two-phase mixture of the α-solid solution and β-hydride phases. Nd substitution contributes to the high-rate dischargeability, while maintaining a good cyclic stability. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to characterize the anode electrode on cycling. A mathematical model for the impedance response of a porous electrode was utilized. The EIS showed a decreased hydrogen transport rate during the long-term cycling, which indicated a corresponding slowing down of the electrochemical processes at the surface of the metal hydride anode.
To develop an advanced battery estimation unit for electric vehicles application, the state-of-charge (SoC) estimation is proposed with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and realized with the RTOS μCOS-II platform. Kalman filters are broadly used to deploy various battery SoC estimators recently. Herein, an UKF algorithm has been employed to develop a systematic adaptive SoC estimation framework. Compared with traditional used extended Kalman filter, it uses an unscented transform to deal with the state estimation problem, thus it has the potential to achieve third order accuracy of the Taylor expansion for tracking posterior estimate of the inner inhabited state. Beneficial from it, the SoC estimation accuracy has been improved with higher tracking accuracy and faster convergence ability. To further evaluate and verify the performance of the proposed online SoC estimation approach, a battery-in-loop platform is built and the SoC estimation is calculated with a RTOS μCOS-II platform. The analog acquisition, communication system and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed, the performance of the proposed SoC estimation with UKF algorithm was finally investigated. The battery management system with UKF algorithm and RTOS μCOS-II platform has good performance and it can apply for electric vehicles.
The manganese metal ions and other transition metal ions in lithium manganite cathode materials will be dissolved into the electrolyte during cycling and storage at charged state, leading to severe capacity fading. Herein, the SnO2-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 cathode material is prepared successfully by a simple organic liquid-phase method. The data of inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and ex-XRD suggest that the coating layer can effectively suppress the dissolution of metal ions, which maintains the stability of main structure. The value of the charge transfer impedance is 35.49 Ω cm2 for LLMO-Sn1 after 50 cycles, while the LLMO is 123.30 Ω cm2. The LLMO-Sn1 has the highest discharge capacity of 214.0 mAh·g−1 after 150 cycles in half cell and exhibits the capacity retention of 86.8% after 150 cycles in full-cell. The decomposition reaction peak of LLMO-Sn1 appears at 250.1 °C.
The natural graphite (NG) is coated with Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and the composite shows a markedly enhanced rate performance due to the decrease of charge transfer resistance after LTO coating. The specific capacity of the NG charge-discharged at 2 C is increased by 60.3% (128.7 vs. 80.3 mAh g−1) by coating it with 1 wt.% of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). The comparison of the NG and that coated with 1 wt.% LTO at 0.1 C shows that the initial reversible capacity is increased from 318.1 mAh g−1 to 357.5 mAh g−1 after coating, while the total irreversible capacity loss after 50 cycles is decreased from 122.8 mAh g−1 to 103.9 mAh g−1. The composite improves the energy and power densities, safety, cycle life and lowers the price of the lithium-ion battery while avoiding the gas-swelling of full battery caused by Ti4+ because the final coating material is the lithiated LTO (Li7Ti5O12 or Li9Ti5O12).
A Wearable Detector Device (WDD) has been outfitted with Microstructured Semiconductor Neutron Detectors (MSNDs) to aid in the search and localization of special nuclear materials (SNMs). Many SNMs decay by spontaneous fission and emit free neutrons. The WDD detects these neutrons and stores interaction rate information to alert the operator to the presence of special nuclear material. The WDD is composed of 16 Modular Neutron Detectors (MNDs), each populated with a 4 × 6 array of 1-cm2 active area, 500-μm thick MSNDs. The individual MSNDs each have an intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency of approximately 30%. Each MND connects to a communications dongle, and the MND and dongle were encased in a 3-in. wide by 5-in. tall by 0.6-in. thick high-density polyethylene moderator (HDPE) case. The 16 MNDs, connected to Controller Area Network dongles, communicate with a master control board, which also contains the battery bank and power conditioning electronics. The operational lifetime of the battery-powered WDD is greater than 12 h per single charge. The WDD, mounted on an ANSI 42.53 phantom, reported 8.12 ± 0.07 cps and 12.93 ± 0.07 cps for a bare and moderated 21.9-ng 252Cf source at a distance of 1 m, respectively. The background count rate was 0.446 ± 0.002 cps. The gamma-ray rejection ratio of the WDD for 137Cs measured at a dose rate of 10 mR/h was 1.8 × 10−8.
Boreal peatlands are substantial sources of isoprene, a reactive hydrocarbon. However, it is not known how much mosses, vascular plants and peat each contribute to isoprene emission from peatlands. Furthermore, there is no information on the effects of declining water table depth on isoprene emission in these naturally wet ecosystems, although water table is predicted to decline due to climate warming. We studied the relative contribution of mosses vs. vascular plants to isoprene emission in boreal peatland microcosms in growth chambers by removing either vascular vegetation or both vascular vegetation and mosses. The microcosms represented wet hollows and dry hummocks of a boreal ombrotrophic bog. A water table drawdown treatment was applied to the hollows with naturally high water table. The mean (±SE) isoprene emission from hummocks with intact vegetation, 30 ± 6 μg m−2 h−1, was decreased by over 90% with removal of vascular plants or all vegetation. Thus, our results indicate that vascular plants, in contrast to mosses, were the main source of isoprene in the studied peatland ecosystem. Water table drawdown also significantly decreased the emissions; the mean isoprene emission from hollows with intact vegetation, 45 ± 6 μg m−2 h−1, was decreased by 25% under water table drawdown. However, water table drawdown reduced net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange more dramatically than isoprene emission. Isoprene emission strongly correlated with both CO2 exchange and methane emission. In conclusion, isoprene emissions from peatlands will decrease, but the proportion of assimilated carbon lost as isoprene will increase, if the naturally high water table declines under the changing climate.
An electrochemical model is developed to investigate capacity recovery methods for cycled lithium ion batteries. Different capacity recovery methods are evaluated and compared. The center recovery method for commercial batteries is found to be impractical because it causes severe solid surface concentration gradients which may harm the batteries. On the contrary, the center recovery method for novel batteries with porous current collector sheets is better than the bottom recovery method because smaller solid surface concentration gradients are detected and less relaxation time is required during capacity recovery. Capacity recovery methods which discharge negative electrodes is superior to those which discharge positive electrodes of cycled batteries as smaller solid surface concentration gradients is generated and less relaxation time is required at the same discharging current.
Widely used conductive carbon is found to be a major capacity contributor towards the sodium storage while used in electrode composition, in conjunction with NaClO4-PC electrolyte. Experimental studies show that the surface adsorbed sodium is present, confirmed by microscopic and XRD analysis. This unexpected property towards sodium storage in electrode conceals the electrochemical contributions expected from an active material. As the conductive carbon is a desirable component in sodium battery development, therefore this contribution needs to be optimized with respect to Coulombic efficiency. In order to investigate and optimize the unwanted capacity contribution from carbon containing electrode, we introduce an electrolyte system comprise of NaClO4-TEGDME, a low-cost electrolyte over extensively used PC-based compositions. This electrolyte composition controls the reversible capacity contribution to a minimum from the conductive carbon, and showed up to ∼97% reversibility with adequate stability till 100 cycles, within the potential range from 0.1 to 3 V. A detailed experimental analysis has been carried out to establish the electrolyte composition against conductive carbon.
The innovative motor uses seawater pressure energy, a green and renewable energy, to drive the underwater equipment. In this paper, the motor is employed in a seafloor sediment corer and drives the corer to operate as a pile-driver. The structure and working principles of the motor are briefly introduced together with its integration into a sediment corer. Then, the paper emphasizes the energy performance evaluation of the motor in driving the sediment corer. Because the output energy of the motor is the kinetic energy that is derived from the hammering action of the corer head, the analytical model of motor during the hammering stroke is constructed and used to calculate the hammering velocity and the hammering number. The model is validated through lab tests, and some important parameters are identified by the sea trial. Based on the validated model, it is found that the hammering velocity increases with the weight of the corer head, but the hammering number declines. The total output energy reaches the peak at a certain mass of the corer head and then declines sharply while the energy conversion efficiency continues to increase monotonically. Therefore, by adjusting the weight of the corer head, which is the payload of the motor, the energy performance of the motor can be optimized for specific applications. The analysis results demonstrate that the motor is capable of directly converting seawater pressure energy into the mechanical energy with high efficiency.
The authors regret the reference 20 was not cited correctly, the correct reference 20 should be “S. Verdier, L. EI Ouatani, R. Dedryvere, F. Bonhomme, P. Biensan, D. Gonbeau, XPS study on Al2O3- and AlPO4-coated LiCoO2 cathode material for high-capacity Li ion batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc. 154 (2007) A1088-A1099.” The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Alkylation of sensitive amino acids during synthesis of biologically important peptides is a common and well-documented problem in Fmoc-based strategy. Herein, we probed for the first time an unexpected S-alkylation of Cys-containing peptides that occur during the final TFA cleavage of peptides from the Wang solid support. Through a battery of approaches (NMR, UV and LC–MS) the formed by-product was assigned as the alkylation of the cysteine sulfydryl group by the p-hydroxyl benzyl group derived from the acidic Wang linker decomposition. Factors affecting this side reaction were monitored and a protocol that minimizes the presence of the by-product is reported.
In healthy individuals, caffeine intake may improve performance on cognitive tests. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that has been associated with impaired cognitive function. In this study, we investigated whether increased caffeine intake in untreated patients with OSA is linked to better cognitive performance. Forty-five untreated OSA patients underwent baseline polysomnography after completing a survey of 24-h caffeine intake. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, then demographically corrected T scores and a global deficit score (GDS) were calculated on these tests. Partial correlation analysis was performed to compare daily caffeine intake with GDS, after controlling for body mass index (BMI) and sleep apnea severity. Analysis of covariance was done to examine differences in daily caffeine intake between cognitively impaired (GDS ≥ 0.5) and non-impaired (GDS < 0.5) individuals. Seven out of the 45 subjects met the criteria (GDS ≥ 0.5) for cognitive impairment. There was a significant inverse association between caffeine intake and the GDS, both when controlling for BMI (r = −0.331, p = 0.04) and when controlling for BMI and apnea severity (r = −0.500, p = 0.002); those with less impairment consumed more caffeine. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that cognitively impaired individuals consumed one-sixth as much caffeine as non-impaired individuals (p < 0.05). In patients with moderately severe OSA, higher average daily caffeine intake was associated with less cognitive impairment.
One of the critical bottlenecks in many energy-conversion devices associated with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is to find adequate catalysts that both show high activity and endure extreme pH conditions of an electrolyte under anodic potentials. As Ir-based compositions are regarded to show better resistance to acidic environments than any other transition metals, a surge of research on many complex iridates recently has been carried out. However, the intrinsic structure–property relationship in iridates remains elusive, although several examples showing exceptional OER activity were reported. Here we discover that eleven different AxIryOz-type oxides (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, Pr, Nd) with high OER activity can be categorized into three distinct groups in terms of the [IrO6] connection geometry. Furthermore, a notable common correlation among the crystal structure, activity variation, and stability during the OER is identified in each of the groups. If the iridates consist of a strong edge- or face-sharing [IrO6] configuration, their stability and activity are preserved during a remarkably large number of anodic cycles. In addition to comparing the OER performance between many high-activity iridates, our findings emphasize that the [IrO6] connectivity is a crucial structural factor governing the overall longevity of Ir-based catalysts.