batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper presents a novel approach for automated state of health estimation that offers similar advantages to the adaptive methods without being computation intensive. The onboard diagnosis uses a look-up table compiling the evolution of selected features of interest under any possible degradation paths. The look-up table is built from simulations of the impact of degradation on the cell electrochemical behavior. This multi-step method only requires intensive calculations prior to deployment. This approach is validated by experimental data from cells that underwent normal aging as well as plating and overcharge. Additional validation via modeling showed that the method is able to diagnose cells undergoing any degradation scenario automatically in close to 90% of cases.
Fetal alcohol syndrome represents the classic and most severe manifestation of epigenetic changes induced by exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. Often these patients develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We analyzed cortical thickness in 20 children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (group 1), in 20 patients without fetal alcohol syndrome (group 2), and in 20 control cases. The first group revealed total cortical thickness significantly superior to those of the other two groups. In per-lobe analyses of cortical thickness, group 1 demonstrated greater cortical thickness in the frontal, occipital, and right temporal and left frontal lobes compared with the second group, and in both temporal lobes and the right frontal lobe compared with the control group. This study demonstrated greater cortical thickness in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol, probably as an expression of immature or abnormal brain development.
The prediction of the remaining discharge-time in real-time is an important Battery Management System indicator in many engineering applications. It is the time in which the battery satisfies the load demanded until the voltage reaches its admissible lower limit. It is often obtained by the difference between the current and final charge scaled by a constant discharge current. The final charge can be obtained using a simple battery model like a pure integrator which leads to a simple but inaccurate solution. A more precise estimation is obtained by running models that take into account the Rate Capacity Effect but they are time consuming. In this paper we propose to use the Lambert function for an accurate and fast prediction of the remaining discharge-time using a simple electrochemical model. We demonstrate that the errors in the prediction are similar to that obtained by running the well known electrical circuit. In order to illustrate the method, experimental parameter identification and remaining discharge-time predictions are carried out using a commercial Lithium-ion battery type.
Ultrafine SnO2-containing nanocomposites were synthesized from glucose/SnCl2 acid solution under hydrothermal environment. The content of SnO2 in the nanocomposites could be adjusted by changing the mass ratio of SnCl2 to glucose in the initial solution. The crystalline structure and morphology of the as-synthesized nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results revealed that the nanocomposites were composed of highly dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles with the sizes of only a few nanometers (3–5nm). Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the electrochemical performances were strongly dependent on the content of SnO2 in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites containing 75wt.% SnO2 exhibited an outstanding reversible capacity of 610mAh/g and high capacity retention after 200 cycles. The extraordinary performance should originate from the very small size of SnO2 nanoparticles and carbon precursor matrix derived from glucose which can confer the ability to accommodate the volume changes and prevent the agglomeration of Sn particles during charge/discharge process.
Doping is an effective method to produce hybrid materials with desirable properties and functions. Herein, gadolinium ions (Gd3+) are introduced to substitute Ti in mesoporous NaTi2(PO4)3 (MNTP) nanocrystals to tailor the texture and conductivity simultaneously to improve Na storage properties. Microstructure characterization and kinetics analysis reveal that the superior electrochemical characteristics arise from the expanded cell, optimized porous structure, enhanced intrinsic electron conductivity, and better Na ion mobility as a result of Gd3+ introduction into the MNTP nanocrystals. In the half cells for sodium-ion battery, the MNTP nanocrystals with 5% Gd3+ exhibit a large ICE beyond 97% at 1 C, superior rate capability of 47.5 mAhg−1 at 50 C, and long cycling life time (>75% capacity retention at 5 C after 2000 cycles). Furthermore, using the Gd3+ doped MNTP nanocrystals as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode, the assembled sodium-ion hybrid capacitor shows a high energy density of 63 Whkg−1 at a power density of 46 Wkg-1. Even at a large current rate of 5 Ag−1, a stable capacity is maintained after 30,000 cycles without obvious degradation. Gadolinium ion doping provides a new technique to improve the electrochemical properties of NASICON-type anodes in sodium-based energy storage devices.
The dentate gyrus (DG) is a unique brain structure in that neurons can be generated postnatally and integrated within existing circuitry throughout life. The maturation process of these newly generated neurons (granule cells) is modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) through a variety of mechanisms such as neural stem pool proliferation, cell survival, signal modulation, and dendritic integration. Disrupted nAChR signaling has been implicated in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, potentially via alterations in DG neurogenesis. GABAergic interneurons are known to express nAChRs, predominantly the α7 subtype, and have been shown to shape development, integration, and circuit reorganization of DG granule cells. Therefore, we examined histological and behavioral effects of knocking out α7 nAChRs in GABAergic neurons. Deletion of α7 nAChRs resulted in a reduction of radial glia-like cells within the subgranular zone of the DG and a concomitant trend towards decreased immature neurons, specifically in male mice, as well as sex-dependent changes in several behaviors, including social recognition and spatial learning. Overall, these findings suggest α7 nAChRs expressed in GABAergic neurons play an important role in regulating the adult neural stem cell pool and behavior in a sex-dependent manner. This provides important insight into the mechanisms by which cholinergic dysfunction contributes to the cognitive and behavioral changes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
Abstract Personality represents a broad domain of human functioning having to do with variations across individuals in one's characteristic style of interacting with and adapting to the social environment. Various measurement models that have been applied to the measurement of personality are reviewed, including relatively recent technology-based innovations. A brief history of personality assessment is provided, with special emphasis given to important turning points in psychologists’ beliefs about and attitudes toward personality assessment. Methods for evaluating the reliability, validity, and utility of personality measures are described. Key structural and developmental concepts in personality theory are briefly reviewed. Finally, some of the applied uses of personality assessment are discussed. Personality assessment remains an important tool for understanding human behavior.
Connection topology directly affects the performance of a battery pack, which must satisfy the demand of all-weather environments and the complex operating conditions of electric vehicles. Currently, studies focus on battery state estimation and inconsistency reduction to obtain high energy efficiency and long lifetimes, while lacking a comprehensive analysis of the battery inconsistency generation mechanism. Here, a method based on the battery posts position and connector resistance is developed to explain how connection topology affects the performance of LiFePO4/graphite batteries in parallel by experiments and theoretical analysis. Quantitative analyses of the interactions between current distribution and battery internal resistance, battery internal resistance and connector resistance, as well as load current rate and battery self-equalization, are discussed. The results indicate that the asynchronous change of individual cell voltage causes the voltage fluctuation of the battery module. The battery module has a larger available capacity at small current rates than at large ones. However, over-charge and over-discharge of individual cells are more likely to occur. Therefore, the cut-off conditions should be adjusted according to load current rates. Research on battery connection topology can directly contribute to better performance of the battery module, and improve the efficiency, reliability and economy of electric vehicles.
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) in identifying functional cognitive deficits associated with seizure laterality in localization-related temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) relative to a previously established measure, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Emerging WMS-IV studies have highlighted psychometric improvements that may enhance its ability to identify lateralized memory deficits. Data from 57 patients with video-EEG-confirmed unilateral TLE who were administered the WMS-IV and RAVLT as part of a comprehensive presurgical neuropsychological evaluation for temporal resection were retrospectively reviewed. We examined the predictive accuracy of the WMS-IV not only in terms of verbal versus visual composite scores but also using individual subtests. A series of hierarchal logistic regression models were developed, including the RAVLT, WMS-IV delayed subtests (Logical Memory, Verbal Paired Associates, Designs, Visual Reproduction), and a WMS-IV verbal–visual memory difference score. Analyses showed that the RAVLT significantly predicted laterality with overall classification rates of 69.6% to 70.2%, whereas neither the individual WMS-IV subtests nor the verbal–visual memory difference score accounted for additional significant variance. Similar to previous versions of the WMS, findings cast doubt as to whether the WMS-IV offers significant incremental validity in discriminating seizure laterality in TLE beyond what can be obtained from the RAVLT.
High-temperature electrochemical behaviors of the novel salt named lithium difluoro(sulfato)borate (LiBF2SO4) were studied by employment of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as mixed solvents. In Li/MCMB (mesophase carbon microbeads) cells at 80°C, LiBF2SO4-EC/DMC electrolyte favourably facilitates the formation of a thermal stable, effective and conductive interface film on the surface of carbonaceous anode. Besides, in LiFePO4/Li cells at 80°C, LiBF2SO4-EC/DMC electrolyte exerts several advantages, such as stable cycling performance, low polarization resistance, and good rate performance. It suggests that LiBF2SO4 is an excellent candidate salt for advanced high-temperature lithium-ion batteries.
Many people within and outside of higher education view honors programs as providing meaningful academic experiences that promote learning and growth for high-achieving students. To date, the research exploring the link between honors participation and college grades and retention has obtained mixed results; some of the seemingly conflicting findings may stem from the presence of methodological limitations, including the difficulty with adequately accounting for selection into honors programs. In addition, virtually no research has explored the conditions under which honors programs are most strongly related to desired outcomes. To provide a rigorous examination of the potential impact of this experience, this study conducted propensity score analyses with a large, multi-institutional, longitudinal sample of undergraduates at 4-year institutions. In the full sample, honors participation predicts greater college GPA and 4-year graduation, while it is unrelated to college satisfaction and retention. However, these results differ notably by institutional selectivity: Honors participation is associated with greater college GPA, retention to the third and fourth years of college, and 4-year graduation at less selective institutions, but it is significantly related only to GPA at more selective institutions. These relationships are also sometimes larger among students from historically underrepresented groups.
With the vehicle industry poised to take the step into the era of electric vehicles, concerns have been raised that AC harmonics arising from switching of power electronics and harmonics in electric machinery may damage the battery. In light of this, we have studied the effect of several different frequencies on the aging of 28 Ah commercial NMC/graphite prismatic lithium-ion battery cells. The tested frequencies are 1 Hz, 100 Hz, and 1 kHz, all with a peak amplitude of 21 A. Both the effect on cycled cells and calendar aged cells is tested. The cycled cells are cycled at a rate of 1C:1C, i.e., 28 A during both charging and discharging, with the exception of a period of constant voltage at the end of every charge. After running for one year, the cycled cells have completed approximately 2000 cycles. The cells are characterized periodically to follow how their capacities and power capabilities evolve. After completion of the test about 80% of the initial capacity remained and no increase in resistance was observed. No negative effect on either capacity fade or power fade is observed in this study, and no difference in aging mechanism is detected when using non-invasive electrochemical methods of post mortem investigation.
Growing global demand of safe and low-cost energy storage technology triggers strong interests in novel battery concepts beyond state-of-art Li-ion batteries. Here we report a high-voltage rechargeable Mg–Na hybrid battery featuring dendrite-free deposition of Mg anode and Na-intercalation cathode as a low-cost and safe alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage. A prototype device using a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, a Mg anode, and a Mg–Na dual salt electrolyte exhibits the highest voltage (2.60V vs. Mg) and best rate performance (86% capacity retention at 10C rate) among reported hybrid batteries. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), atomic-pair distribution function (PDF), and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies reveal the chemical environment and structural change of Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode during the Na ion insertion/deinsertion process. XANES study shows a clear reversible shift of vanadium K-edge and HRXRD and PDF studies reveal a reversible two-phase transformation and V–O bond length change during cycling. The energy density of the hybrid cell could be further improved by developing electrolytes with a higher salt concentration and wider electrochemical window. This work represents a significant step forward for practical safe and low-cost hybrid batteries.
Diffusion coefficients of Li+ in insertion electrodes determined by the potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) have been reported in the literature as being potential-dependent (and thus dependent on the degree of insertion). With this PITT method the diffusion coefficients D PITT are determined from the current response of potential-step experiments using an approach based on the Cottrell equation. This equation assumes as boundary conditions infinitely fast kinetics and a linear system with semi-infinite thickness. Using the example of a spinel-type Li δ Mn2O4 electrode it will be demonstrated that this potential dependence of D PITT is not real but occurs, because the inadmissible boundary condition of infinitely fast kinetics which is not fulfilled has been adopted. This will be demonstrated with the help of numerically simulated PITT data calculated with a constant diffusion coefficient D. Diffusion coefficients D PITT calculated from these simulated PITT data are potential dependent, even though the PITT experiments were simulated with a constant diffusion coefficient D. The inadmissible boundary condition of a linear system with semi-infinite thickness applied to a bed of spherical active particles with finite radii as represented by a Li δ Mn2O4 electrode leads to further deviations of D PITT which will be investigated.
Hydrogen entry into iron from NaOH solutions and from 0.05M H2SO4 during voltammetric cycling was studied with the electrochemical permeation technique. Measurements were carried out on 35-μm thick membranes at 25°C. Accelerated entry of hydrogen was revealed by peaks of hydrogen permeation rate (HPR) which occurred at low cathodic and low anodic polarisations in NaOH solutions, but not in 0.05M H2SO4. In cathodic scans the HPR peak occurred at potentials of an oxide reduction, probably of Fe3O4 to Fe(II), whereas in anodic scans this peak appeared at potentials of the oxidation of iron to Fe(II) and to Fe3O4, and it was distinct especially at high scan rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis indicated that the fraction of Fe3O4 in the surface film during cathodic scans was at the potential of HPR peak significantly larger than that at a nobler potential. It is suggested that the occurrence of HPR peaks can be due to a partial removal of surface layers and to the formation of species promoting the hydrogen entry, supposedly Fe3O4 without or with Fe(II). Possibly, these species might be effective by hindering the recombination of Hads or by blocking adsorption sites.
A composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) consisting of polyethyleneoxide (PEO), LiClO4 and Al2O3 of particle size 24nm was prepared by a melt-cast method. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data suggested that the CSPE is in an amorphous state due to the presence of nanophase alumina. The specific conductivity versus temperature follows Vogel–Tamman–Fulscher (VTF) behavior and the activation energy has been calculated. By analogy with the Marcus theory of solvent reorganization during electron-transfer reactions, the reorganization energy of the polymer chain has been calculated from the energy of activation of ionic conduction. The ac impedance data was analyzed using a non-linear least square (NLLS) fitting program, and the resistance of the passivating film on Li and the charge-transfer resistance of the Li reaction have been evaluated. The charge-transfer resistance has been shown to follow Arrhenius behavior through the standard rate constant for the reaction. Cyclic voltammograms provided evidence of electrochemical activity at the Li/CSPE interface near ambient temperature.
Simple and cost effective ‘dip and dry’ approach has been demonstrated for the coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNCTs) thin film, films are characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques where uniform coating of amorphous PEDOT:PSS on MWCNTs has been confirmed. The electrochemical performance of the PEDOT:PSS/MWCNTs electrode has been evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The specific capacitance of 235Fg−1 at 5mVs−1 has been achieved within 0 to 0.9V potential range in 1M aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed the lower equivalent series resistance and excellent frequency response of PEDOT:PSS/MWCNTs electrode material.
Bariatric surgery alters gastrointestinal anatomy. In this exploratory study, the SmartPill® wireless motility capsule (WMC) was used to study changes in gastrointestinal physiology following biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS).
This study investigated associations between working memory (measured by complex memory tasks) and both reading and mathematics abilities, as well as the possible mediating factors of fluid intelligence, verbal abilities, short-term memory (STM), and phonological awareness, in a sample of 46 6- to 11-year-olds with reading disabilities. As a whole, the sample was characterized by deficits in complex memory and visuospatial STM and by low IQ scores; language, phonological STM, and phonological awareness abilities fell in the low average range. Severity of reading difficulties within the sample was significantly associated with complex memory, language, and phonological awareness abilities, whereas poor mathematics abilities were linked with complex memory, phonological STM, and phonological awareness scores. These findings suggest that working memory skills indexed by complex memory tasks represent an important constraint on the acquisition of skill and knowledge in reading and mathematics. Possible mechanisms for the contribution of working memory to learning, and the implications for educational practice, are considered.
Ultrathin nanoflakes of Ni(OH)2 were synthesized onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by simple low cost chemically precipitation method for high performance electrochemical supercapacitor applications. The synthesized ultrathin Ni(OH)2 exhibit high specific capacitance of 1735Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 with excellent rate capability. This high performance of Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes was attributed to its complete accessibility to the electrolyte and maximum utilization of metal hydroxides. Findings of this work suggest that synthesized electrodes offer low-cost and scalable solution for high-performance energy storage devices.
An in-depth investigation was carried out on the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from a variety of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). High temperature pyrolysis was carried out at 850 °C for 15 min using horizontal resistance and thermal plasma furnaces with different levels of turbulence. The concentration of REEs in key pyrolysis residues, namely, copper rich red metallic fraction, lead/tin rich white metallic fraction and slag rich carbonaceous residues, were determined using ICP analysis. Most of the REEs were found concentrated in the carbonaceous residue with negligible levels of REEs recovered in the two metallic fractions. Most of the recovered REEs showed a high affinity towards to refractory oxides silica and alumina, and little affinity towards metals Cu, Pb and Sn. The yield of REEs was significantly higher from the plasma furnace indicating the important role of turbulence in the dissociation & subsequent diffusion of REEs during pyrolysis. While La, Pr, Sm and Y required turbulent conditions for their recovery, Nd, Gd, Ce and Dy were relatively easy to dissociate and extract from the waste. Significant amounts of REEs could thus be recovered from waste PCBs as concentrated recyclates for further processing and extraction of individual rare earths. This study has shown that PCBs could prove to be a valuable urban mining resource of REEs. The recovery of REEs, in addition to precious and other metals, could play an important role towards enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of e-waste recycling.