batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The aim of comparative assessment of future road transport technologies is to find the cheapest motor vehicles in terms of private and external Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission costs under various international climate change mitigation scenarios in 2020 and 2050. The comparative assessment of the main road transport technologies ranging from conventional vehicles to hybrid electric vehicles was performed. The main indicators for comparative future motor vehicles assessment are: private costs and life cycle external costs of GHG emissions. The obtained ranking of road transport technologies allows to identify the most perspective future motor vehicles taking into account international climate change mitigation constraints and to promote these road technologies by policy tools. The cheapest road transport technologies in 2020 and 2050 are: the main results presented in this paper were obtained during EU financed Framework 7 project “PLANETS” dealing with probabilistic long-term assessment of new energy technology scenarios.
There is growing evidence that nutritional interventions in the first 1000 days of life may influence long-term health and development outcomes. Few studies have examined the effect of maternal and infant micronutrient supplementation on development outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
We report a facile approach to synthesize NixSbyOz nanosheet mixtures consisting of Sb, Sb2O3 and NiSb2 for application as potential anode materials in sodium-ion batteries. The reaction time affects the morphology, particle size, and phase components of the NixSbyOz nanosheet mixtures. The nanosheet mixture (specifically, NixSbyOz-6h) exhibits an impressive electrochemical performance by demonstrating a remarkable cycling stability (over 250 cycles) with high coulombic efficiency (∼99%), reversible sodium storage capacity (∼382 mAh g−1), and excellent rate capability (∼315 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). The notable electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the presence of layered structures and the Ni inactive phase functioning as buffer spaces for the significant volume expansion of Sb and preventing the collapse of the electrodes during the cycling process, as well as the shorter Na+ diffusion length, improving reaction kinetics. Furthermore, to realize a potential full-cell, the nanosheet anode is combined with a Prussian blue NaxFeFe(CN)6 as a cathode, which exhibits a notable electrochemical performance with stable and high rate capacity by achieving an energy density of ∼150 Wh kg−1.
The performance of a standard, production VRLA cell has been improved by paralleling with combinations of supercapacitors. The supercapacitors act to lower the source impedance of the combination providing a much-enhanced performance. Transient voltage swings are suppressed and the rms voltage is supported. Low-temperature performance may also be improved due to the characteristics of the supercapacitor. These enhancements are described for various combinations of cell and supercapacitor under realistic hybrid vehicle power demands. A simple model is proposed and used to demonstrate supercapacitor size requirements for optimal current in the parallel cell.
Micro-spherical particle of Ni–Mn–Co alloy was synthesized by powder metallurgy pulverization (PMP) method with Ni, Co and Mn metal as raw materials. Then spherical and dense LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 particle with well-ordered layered structure is obtained by calcining the oxide of Ni–Mn–Co alloy and Li2CO3. The as-prepared material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical tests. LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 prepared here indicated an initial discharge capacity of 164.4mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate within the voltage range of 2.8–4.3V. The novel method showed high efficiency and environmental friendly for industrialization.
Wireless capsule endoscopes, swallowable devices such as commercial pill cameras designed for minimally invasive surgery of the gastrointestinal tract, are reviewed, and the basic modules of robotic capsules are described. Latest research results in the development of robotic capsules are presented, and a perspective on the future prospects for clinical implementation of wireless robotic capsule-based surgical systems is presented.
Amorphous Mg-based alloy Mg63Ni27Nd10 was prepared by melt-spinning. The phase structures and the electrochemical properties of the ribbons before and after charge/discharge cycling were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and galvanotactic charge–discharge cycle test, respectively. It was found that the amorphous structure begins to crystallize after four cycles of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and a new nano-crystallized phase NdMg2Ni9 was detected with average grain size in the range 5–10nm. A good cycle life and high discharge capacity were also observed in the Mg63Ni27Nd10 alloy electrode. The highest discharge capacity reached 580.5mAhg−1 at the discharge current densities of 50mAg−1. It is suggested that homogeneous microstructure contributes to the enhancement in electrochemical characteristics, the presence of NdMg2Ni9 being beneficial for the improvement in cycle life of Mg63Ni27Nd10 alloy electrode.
The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is suitable for portable applications. Therefore, a light weight and small size is desirable. The main objective of this paper is to design and fabricate a light weight current collector for DMFC usage. The light weight current collector mainly consists of a substrate with two thin film metal layers. The substrate of the current collector is an FR4 epoxy plate. The thin film metal layers are accomplished by the thermo coater technique to coat metal powders onto the substrate surfaces. The developed light weight current collectors are further assembled to a single cell DMFC test fixture to measure the cell performance. The results show that the proposed current collectors could even be applied to DMFCs because they are light, thin and low cost and have potential for mass production.
Nitrogen doped carbon with a high surface area was used as cathode electrode in a solid-state lithium–oxygen battery. Various techniques including the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to evaluate the nitrogen functionality on carbon. The electrochemical properties of nitrogen doped carbon as cathode electrode in lithium–oxygen battery were studied using galvanostatic charge–discharge characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The lithium–oxygen cell fabricated with nitrogen doped Ketjenblack–Calgon activated carbon cathode exhibits two times higher discharge cell capacity than that of a cathode composed of only Ketjenblack–Calgon activated carbon. This work shows that the nitrogen functionality on carbon is responsible for the electro-catalytic activity of cathode and an enhancement in cell capacity of lithium–oxygen battery.
Capsule endoscopy is a promising technique for diagnosing diseases in the digestive system. Here we design and characterize a miniature swimming mechanism that uses the magnetic fields of the MRI for both propulsion and wireless powering of the capsule. Our method uses both the static and the radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields inherently available in MRI to generate a propulsive force. Our study focuses on the evaluation of the propulsive force for different swimming tails and experimental estimation of the parameters that influence its magnitude. We have found that an approximately 20 mm long, 5 mm wide swimming tail is capable of producing 0.21 mN propulsive force in water when driven by a 20 Hz signal providing 0.85 mW power and the tail located within the homogeneous field of a 3 T MRI scanner. We also analyze the parallel operation of the swimming mechanism and the scanner imaging. We characterize the size of artifacts caused by the propulsion system. We show that while the magnetic micro swimmer is propelling the capsule endoscope, the operator can locate the capsule on the image of an interventional scene without being obscured by significant artifacts. Although this swimming method does not scale down favorably, the high magnetic field of the MRI allows self propulsion speed on the order of several millimeter per second and can propel an endoscopic capsule in the stomach.
Sustainable energy harvesting, such as solar energy, depends increasingly on nanotechnology components. This article will look briefly at the principles of photovoltaic units and elucidate the toxicological aspects of its principal components, namely fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Through this approach, we address the rebound effect related to health adverse and environmental aspects which is a key issue to be solved when innovating in energy harvesting. The understanding of sustainability in this context is that the technology provides lasting improvement by bringing environmental compatibility along with technological agility, providing major reductions in both material and energy resource use and avoid negative impacts on our environment and health. With the rebound effect we understand the unintended emergence of negative environmental impacts resulting from intentions of improving environmental issues. Sustainable energy-harvesting, such as solar energy, depends increasingly on nanotechnology components. This article provides a brief overview of photovoltaic units and the toxicological aspects of their principal components, namely fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. It will then address the adverse, rebound effects on human health and the environment, the next key issue to be resolved within energy-harvesting innovation. Sustainability in this context, refers to the role of technology in providing lasting improvement through environmental compatibility combined with technological agility that enables major reductions in both material and energy resource use and minimizes negative impacts on health and the environment. The rebound effect, refers to the unintended emergence of negative environmental impacts as a result of remedial actions designed initially to improve the environment. These will be discussed in context with the two major classes of nanomaterials in consumer electronics: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, which carry a series of properties that make them classifiable as hazardous materials.
In this study, the characteristics of airborne particles generated during injection molding and grinding processes of carbon nanotube reinforced polycarbonate composites (CNT-PC) were investigated. Particle number concentration, size distribution, and morphology of particles emitted from the processes were determined using real-time particle sizers and transmission electron microscopy. The air samples near the operator’s breathing zone were collected on filters and analyzed using scanning electron microscope for particle morphology and respirable fiber count. Processing and grinding during recycling of CNT-PC released airborne nanoparticles (NPs) with a geometric mean (GM) particle concentration from 4.7 × 103 to 1.7 × 106 particles/cm3. The ratios of the GM particle concentration measured during the injection molding process with exhaust ventilation relative to background were up to 1.3 (loading), 1.9 (melting), and 1.4 (molding), and 101.4 for grinding process without exhaust ventilation, suggesting substantial NP exposures during these processes. The estimated mass concentration was in the range of 1.6–95.2 μg/m3. Diverse particle morphologies, including NPs, NP agglomerates, particles with embedded or protruding CNTs and fibers, were observed. No free CNTs were found during any of the investigated processes. The breathing zone respirable fiber concentration during the grinding process ranged from non-detectable to 0.13 fiber/cm3. No evidence was found that the emissions were affected by the number of recycling cycles. Institution of exposure controls is recommended during these processes to limit exposures to airborne NPs and CNT-containing fibers.
Amorphous CoOOH films were fabricated on hexagonal graphite substrates in 0.2 M CoSO4 at a constant anodic deposition potential of 1.60 V vs Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) under different deposition temperatures, and their electrochemical behaviors in 1 M NaOH and 1 M NaCl were systematically studied. The results showed that the deposition temperature had a significant effect on the electrochemical behaviors of the CoOOH films. For the four CoOOH films prepared under different deposition temperatures, when tested either in 1 M NaOH or 1 M NaCl, their area specific capacitance (CA) and cycle stability increased monotonously, their mass specific capacitance (CM) first increased and then decreased, while their bulk resistance (Rbulk) and charge-transfer resistance (Rct) first decreased and then increased with increasing deposition temperature. In addition, the CoOOH films had high CM, good electrical conductivity, low faradic charge-transfer resistance, and low diffusive resistance. Among the four CoOOH films fabricated under different deposition temperatures, the film prepared under a deposition temperature of 45 °C (Sample 3) had the highest CM, the lowest Rbulk, the lowest Rct, and good rate capability which can be ascribed to its structure with nanoparticles and nodules on its surface as well as its appropriate thickness. As a result, the CoOOH  film fabricated by anodic deposition is a very promising electrochemical capacitor material for applications.
Extracts from 50 plant parts obtained from 39 different plants belonging to 22 families used to treat infectious diseases in Bunda district, Tanzania, were screened against twelve microorganisms, including the bacteria Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, the fungi Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and the viruses Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus T2, Coxsackie B2 and Semliki Forest A7. The highest activity was obtained for the n-hexane extract of Elaeodendron schlechteranum root bark against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus (MIC 0.97μg/ml and MBC 1.95μg/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 3.90μg/ml and MBC 31.25μg/ml). Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive. Only Balanites aegyptiaca stem bark exhibited a high antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC 125μg/ml and MFC 250μg/ml). Extracts from four plants; Lannea schweinfurthii, Combretum adenogonium, Ficus sycomorus and Terminalia mollis showed strong antiviral activity with RF values of 103 and 104 against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 at various concentrations. Our results support, at least in part, the use of most plants as claimed by traditional healers/informants especially against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
This paper presents an overview of the potential obstacles and challenges related to research topics such as IoT, DfPL WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) in IoT and disaster management using WSNs. This review will analyse key aspects of deploying a DfPL WSN in IoT scenario for disaster management. In an IoT scenario the DfPL WSN is only collecting raw data that is forwarded to the Internet using a Compressed Sensing (CS) IoT framework or other solutions including data compression. Compressed Sensing (CS) refers to a method used to reduce the number of samples collected in an IoT WSN. Thus it is possible to create stand-alone applications that require fewer resources. There is no need to process the data in the WSN as this can be done in the Data Analysis Network, after the data is reconstructed. This will enable a reduced volume of data transmitted and lower power consumption for battery-operated nodes. The detection of people in a disaster scenario who are simply moving and not in the possession of a ‘tracking device’ is revolutionary. The aim here is to build upon our patent-pended technology in order to deliver a robust field-trial ready human detection system for disaster situations.
We analyzed metals (Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb and Bi), water-soluble ions (Na+, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3 − and SO4 2−) and carbonaceous mass (EC and OC) in SPM aerosol samples using an ICP-MS, ion chromatograph and CHN corder, respectively. The SPM samples were collected from 1999 to 2005 at two locations (urban site A and industrial site B) of Yokohama, Japan with concentrations in mean and ranges of 34.2 and 19.7–50.3μgm−3 and 22.9 and 12.7–35.1μgm−3 for the respective location. Source apportionment of SPM aerosol was conducted appropriately for the first time to these locations employing PCA-APCS technique. Major sources of SPM at site A were a) crustal source, b) urban origin, c) undefined, and d) mineral rock. At site B, the sources were predicted as a) urban origin, b) undefined, c) crustal source, and d) secondarily formed aerosol. The tracers and nature of the source related to urban origin at both sites were similar but retaining different source strength. Secondarily formed aerosol was quite unique at site B. However, mineral rock was remarkable at site A.
The accurate determination of the capacity degradation path and state of charge (SoC) is very important for the battery energy storage systems widely used in electric vehicles. This research can be summarized as follows. First, a three-dimensional response surface-based SoC-open circuit voltage (OCV) capacity method covering the entire lifetime of a battery has been constructed, which can be used to describe the battery capacity degradation characteristics and determine the corresponding SoC. Second, in order to capture the battery health state and energy state, a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to identify the battery capacity and initial SoC based on a first-order RC model. Finally, to verify the proposed method, six experimental cases, including batteries with different aging states and with different data calculation durations, are considered. The results indicate that the maximum capacity and SoC estimation errors are less than 5.0% and 2.1%, respectively, for batteries with different aging states, which points to the high accuracy, stability and robustness of the proposed GA-based battery capacity and initial SoC estimator during the entire battery lifespan.
Influence of separator material characteristics on the high and low frequency series and parallel resistance, low and high frequency capacitance, characteristic time constant, energy and power densities of the electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), based on the two identical ideally polarizable microporous titanium carbide-derived carbon electrodes in 1M (C2H5)3CH3NBF4 acetonitrile solution, has been tested by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. Self-made separator materials have been prepared from 20% or 25% poly(vinylidene fluoride) solutions in N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone mixture (8:2 mass ratio) by using the electrospinning method at different electric field strengths and polymer solution feed rates. Separator material total porosity, pore size distribution and specific surface area, calculated using mercury porosimetry data, noticeably depend on electrospinning conditions and mercury pressure applied, explained by the compressibility of materials under study. It was established that the separator material structure (total porosity, specific surface area), chemical composition and thickness determines the high frequency series and low frequency parallel resistance, characteristic time constant and power density values of the EDLC. However, the limits of ideal polarizability, low frequency capacitance and the specific energy only weakly depend on the separator material properties used in EDLC cells.
Cobalt (III) oxide (Co3O4) thin films were deposited on glass and FTO substrates using chemical bath deposition method at a temperature of 80 °C in the alkaline bath maintaining the pH values of 10 and 12. X-ray diffraction result reveals that the crystallinity increased with increasing pH and annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed features of flower-like particles, which transformed into a needle and rod-like structures after annealing. The optical studies showed a higher absorption in the visible region, which decreases as the wavelength increases, energy band gap range of 1.3 eV–1.85 eV and a remarkable refractive index of 1.40–1.75. The electrochemical testing of the electrodes obtained the highest specific capacitance of 1567F/g, the energy density of 245.98 (Wh/Kg) and power density of 2.08 (W/Kg) for pH 12 annealed. Specific capacitances, power densities and energy densities values obtained from electrochemical studies suggest that the films are suitable for use as supercapacitors electrodes materials.
The V5+ electrolyte solution from Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries was studied by variable temperature 17O and 51V Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) based computational modeling. It was found that the V5+ species exist as hydrated penta co-ordinated vanadate ion, i.e. [VO2(H2O)3]1+. This hydrated structure is not stable at elevated temperature and change into neutral H3VO4 molecule via a deprotonation process and subsequently leading to the observed V2O5 precipitation in V5+ electrolyte solutions.
Metal-oxygen batteries, especially Li-oxygen batteries (LOBs), have attracted tremendous research attentions in the past decades. It is necessary to design novel cost-effective catalysts in the development of high performance rechargeable LOBs. Herein, we prepare the atom-layered two-dimensional (2D) β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets (AL-β-Co(OH)2) via phase transition of layered α-Co(OH)2 nanosheets (α-Co(OH)2) in a mild wet chemical process. The thickness of AL-β-Co(OH)2 is less than 1.5 nm. It is the first time of using atom-layered β-Co(OH)2 in the system of LOBs and this material shows outstanding catalytic performance. The AL-β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets as electrocatalysts in LOBs can better reduce the over-potential, enhance the specific capacity and improve cycling capability. It demonstrates a high initial capacity 11841 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. It displays long cycle stability more than 70 cycles with a capacity restriction of 1000 mAh g−1. These results suggest that this strategy for designing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts via exfoliation of materials to atom-layered level could be a promising way to improve the performance of LOBs.
Second-life batteries are defined as those removed from electric vehicles (EVs) when their energy density and power density has degraded below the level required for motive applications but are still performant enough for less demanding stationary applications. They could one day be a plentiful, environmentally benign source of low-cost energy storage. Their price evolution is important to know for designers of and investors in such systems. A methodology is developed for predicting second-life battery price and sales quantities up to 2050. Although existing data is too scant to draw reliable quantitative conclusions, sensitivity analyses are run to investigate the effects of different EV uptake scenarios, new battery costs, refurbishment costs, recycling net credit, elasticity of supply, and size of demand. No previous work has incorporated all these driving factors in such a transparent way. The second-life price is found to be insensitive to most of these factors, while the quantity sold is sensitive to nearly all of them. Much work remains to be done in parameterizing the model more accurately. However, this work already elucidates a novel quantitative mode of thinking about what factors influence the long-term price and market size of second-life batteries.