batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The all-vanadium redox-flow battery is an attractive candidate to compensate the fluctuations of non-dispatchable renewable energy generation. While several models for vanadium redox batteries have been described yet, no model has been published, which is adequate for the aging prediction. Therefore, the present paper presents a multi-physics model which determines all parameters that are essential for an aging prediction. In a following paper, the corresponding aging model of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is described. The model combines existing models for the mechanical losses and temperature development with new approaches for the batteries side reactions. The model was implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The modeling results presented in the paper prove to be consistent with the experimental results of other research groups.
Bangladesh being a developing country is struggling for the self-sufficiency of electric power for a very long time. In this run renewable energy can play an important role for electricity generation. Bangladesh abuts by Bay of Bengal, as a result the southern areas face around 2∼5 mof tidal head/height rise and fall and as it is in the tropical region it gets an average daylight of 7∼8 hper day. Thus the hydro (tidal) energy and solar energy can be the key points to meet the scarcity of power. This paper discusses a model of possible small hybrid power generation system consisting of a PV generation unit with storage and a micro-hydro generation unit and a diesel generator which can mitigate the rising energy demand at the southern areas of Bangladesh. In this paper the economic viability is discussed along with the technical aspects to set up such system via HOMER analysis. Moreover the system cost was analyzed together with a comparison of other system costs of similar capacity.
The human eye movement network is a complex system that requires the integration of sensory, motor, attentional, and executive processes. Here, we review the neuroanatomy of the eye movement network with an emphasis on functional neuroimaging applications. We consolidate the literature into a concise resource designed to be immediately accessible and applicable to diverse research interests, and present the novel Functional Oculomotor System (FOcuS) Atlas—a tool in stereotaxic space that will simplify and standardize the inclusion of the eye movement network in future functional neuroimaging studies. We anticipate this review and the FOcuS Atlas will facilitate increased examination of the eye movement network across disciplines leading to a thorough understanding of how eye movement network function contributes to higher-order cognition and how it is integrated with other brain networks. Furthermore, functional examination of the eye movement network in patient populations offers the potential for deeper insight into the role of eye movement circuitry in functional network activity, diagnostic assessments, and the indications for augmentative communication systems that rely on eye movement control.
Simple and inexpensive yet sensitive and robust diagnostic tests are critically needed for resource-poor settings to enable timely diagnosis and effective use of limited health care resources. Current tests are often too expensive, too slow, or have compromised clinical performance, and they often require health care professional to perform the test. In addition, most assays are not intended to be used in extreme environmental conditions, but their performance may be affected by high temperatures and humidity often encountered in resource-poor settings. This review provides an overview of current immunoassay technologies and their advantages and limitations with respect to their feasibility to resource-poor settings. Future trends of immunoassay development for decentralized testing are also discussed. Homogeneous assays as such are out of the scope of this article because they are generally not yet sensitive enough or otherwise less feasible for inexpensive rapid diagnostic tests.
Mechanical support can be divided into the following categories:Short-term (<30 days) mechanical support devices1. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)2. Centrifugal ventricular assist devices (VADs)3. MiscellaneousLong-term (>30 days) mechanical support devices1. Pulsatile types2. Rotary/axial types3. Miscellaneous
The purpose of this study was to describe the motor, attention and intellectual characteristics of a population-based sample of children first screened for motor impairment and to discuss the recruitment and identification methods employed. A two stage cross-sectional, school-based survey was conducted to screen for children with motor coordination difficulties and to identify children with an existing diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit disorder (ADHD/ADD). The identified children, and a random sample of typically developing children, were assessed to confirm or rule out the presence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Six thousand four hundred and seventy five children were invited to participate; 2943 children, with parental consent, completed the initial screening process. Two hundred eighty four children with possible motor impairment were identified. The parents of 113 children consented to a full assessment. Sixty eight children of the 113 children met diagnostic criteria for DCD, and 26 also had ADHD. Twenty eight of the 55 children who screened in with a diagnosis of ADHD were subsequently found to have DCD. The total number of children with confirmed characteristics of DCD was reduced after application of DCD diagnostic criteria. This study differs from others with regard to the additional screening for children with ADHD/ADD. The second stage assessment notably increased the number of children identified with both ADHD and DCD.
For renewable and sustainable bioenergy utilization with cost-effectiveness, electron-shuttles (ESs) (or redox mediators (RMs)) act as electrochemical “catalysts” to enhance rates of redox reactions, catalytically accelerating electron transport efficiency for abiotic and biotic electrochemical reactions. ESs are popularly used in cellular respiratory systems, metabolisms in organisms, and widely applied to support global lives. Apparently, they are applicable to increase power-generating capabilities for energy utilization and/or fuel storage (i.e., dye-sensitized solar cell, batteries, and microbial fuel cells (MFCs)). This first-attempt review specifically deciphers the chemical structure association with characteristics of ESs, and discloses redox-mediating potentials of polyphenolics-abundant ESs via MFC modules. Moreover, to effectively convert electron-shuttling capabilities from non-sustainable antioxidant activities, environmental conditions to induce electrochemical mediation apparently play critical roles of great significance for bioenergy stimulation. For example, pH levels would significantly affect electrochemical potentials to be exhibited (e.g., alkaline pHs are electrochemically favorable for expression of such electron-shuttling characteristics). Regarding chemical structure effect, chemicals with ortho- and para-dihydroxyl substituents-bearing aromatics own convertible characteristics of non-renewable antioxidants and electrochemically catalytic ESs; however, ES capabilities of meta-dihydroxyl substituents can be evidently repressed due to lack of resonance effect in the structure for intermediate radical(s) during redox reaction. Moreover, this review provides conclusive remarks to elucidate the promising feasibility to identify whether such characteristics are non-renewable antioxidants or reversible ESs from natural polyphenols via cyclic voltammetry and MFC evaluation. Evidently, considering sustainable development, such electrochemically convertible polyphenolic species in plant extracts can be reversibly expressed for bioenergy-stimulating capabilities in MFCs under electrochemically favorable conditions.
A simple hydrothermal synthesis of nickel hydroxide–ordered mesoporous carbons nanocomposites (Ni(OH)2–OMCs) is proposed for the first time. The characterization of the new material shows that, after anchoring Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles on the mesoporous, ordered mesostructure of the nanocomposites remain intact and Ni(OH)2 is electrochemically accessible. The performance of Ni(OH)2–OMCs is compared to OMCs and the properties of the new material are found to be improved. A sensor for sensitive detection of underivatized glycine has been developed based on Ni(OH)2–OMCs modified glass carbon (Ni(OH)2–OMCs/GC) electrode. The linear response of glycine measurement was up to about 3.2mM with a high sensitivity of 10.5μAmM−1 for the Ni(OH)2–OMCs/GC electrode. The detection limits was estimated to be 0.26μM (S/N=3). Then ethanol was selected as another marked molecule, a nonenzymatic amperometric sensor of ethanol based on the Ni(OH)2–OMCs nanocomposites is also constructed. The linear response of ethanol measurement was up to about 80mM with a sensitivity of 0.65μAmM−1. The detection limits was estimated to be 4.77μM (S/N=3).
A polypyrrole (PPy)/polyimide (PI) composite was prepared electrochemically in order to improve the mechanical and electrochemical properties of PPy. The electrochemical behavior of the composite was studied by potential step amperometry. The composites were found to possess increased charge storage ability in comparison to pure PPy. It was found that the doping of PPy by PI is responsible for the increased charge storage ability of the composite.
Long-term energy supply for electronic systems is challenging for implantable biomedical devices, like cardiac pacemakers. Energy harvesting can significantly extend the lifetime of these devices, however, no clinical translational technologies can efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the heart into electrical power without a thoracotomy and interfering with the cardiovascular functions. Almost all reported implantable cardiac energy harvesting designs sutured devices directly onto the epicardium or pericardium with potential risks to the patients. Here, we report a cardiac energy harvesting strategy, which is integrated into part of the existing pacemaker lead and otherwise with no direct contact of heart, by utilizing porous piezoelectric thin films in a bioinspired self-wrapping helical configuration for flexible integration with existing implantable medical devices. We demonstrate that this compact design can be seamlessly coupled with current leads without introducing additional implantation surgeries. In vivo studies under various conditions (anchoring, pacing, and calcium chloride infusion) are presented that demonstrate clinical translation in a porcine model. Both theoretical studies and in vitro experiments are also presented to validate the energy harvesting process. The scalability of the design is discussed, and the reported results demonstrate a 10 × 10 array of helical EH devices wrapping all through the lead (a mixed pattern of in series and parallel connections) would extend the lifetime of the pacemaker battery by 1.5 years. This innovative cardiac energy harvesting strategy represents a significant step forward for clinical translation without a thoracotomy for patients, suggesting a paradigm for biomedical energy harvesting in vivo.
In situ synchrotron diffraction experiments were performed to study the behaviour of the cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 at high cycle numbers. The battery-cell was cycled 140 times between 4.2 and 2.7V. The initial cycle and several cycles at proceeded degradation of the cell were investigated. In between the cell was cycled ex situ. The evolution of the lattice parameters during cycling was determined for the different stages of degradation by means of Rietveld refinement. Comparing the initial cycle of the cell with the higher cycle numbers, the mechanism of lithium insertion/extraction does not change significantly. But, the range in which the lattice parameters change during one cycle becomes smaller. This can be attributed to interface layer formation and to slightly less lithium exchange in the same voltage window.
The present study examined the incremental validity of four self-report measures of adolescent psychopathy [i.e., Antisocial Process Screening Device self-report version (APSD), Childhood Psychopathy Scale (CPS), Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI), and the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU)] with particular interest in their assessment of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in a sample of 279 (246 males, 33 females) at-risk adolescents (ages 16–18). Analogous subscales across the four measures were weakly to moderately interrelated with no evidence of a true gold-standard self-report assessment of CU traits. Results indicate that CU traits are a multifaceted construct, with specific CU dimensions predicting differential aspects of antisocial behavior. Most notably, callousness predicted aggression incrementally above other CU domains, but not other forms of antisocial behavior. The implications of a multi-dimensional conceptualization of CU traits are discussed.
It was shown that by thermal nanocrystallization of a 90V2O5·10P2O5 glass one can obtain a novel nanomaterial exhibiting enhanced electronic conductivity. Using a combination of methods: DTA, SEM, XRD and impedance spectroscopy (IS), it was possible to find correlation between microstructure and electrical properties of the obtained material and to optimize conditions of its synthesis. The room temperature electronic conductivity of the nanocrystallized samples is σ 25 =2×10−3 Scm−1 and is by a factor of 25 higher than the conductivity of the as-received glass. The nanocrystallized material is thermally stable up to ca 400°C, which is about 150°C above the glass transition temperature of the original glass. Maximum electronic conductivity of the thermally treated samples reaches 2×10−1 Scm−1 at ca 400°C. The activation energy for these samples (0.28eV) are substantially lower than that found for the starting glass (0.34eV). The experimental results were discussed in terms of a model proposed in this paper and based on a “core-shell” concept. The results obtained here can be important for the progress in the search of novel nanocrystalline cathode materials for applications in Li-ion batteries.
This study presents the first empirical evaluation of the predictive value of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Shape Learning (NAB-SL) subtest in a sample of patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Stimulus characteristics of the NAB-SL may improve predictive ability over other commonly used visual memory tests. Forty-nine patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy were compared on measures of non-verbal and verbal memory (NAB-SL and Wechsler Memory Scale-III subtests). Univariate and forward conditional logistic regressions identified predictive values for each memory test individually and in combination. The NAB-SL delayed memory demonstrated consistently stronger predictive power over visual reproduction at the univariate and multivariate levels. The NAB-SL was a good predictor (80% range) of lateralized seizure onset when combined with a verbal memory measure. These preliminary results provide support for the use of the NAB-SL in preoperative epilepsy evaluations as a predictor of non-dominant temporal lobe dysfunction. Potential benefits of this test are discussed.
Objective The objective of this study was to examine the factors that contribute to the reports of diminished quality of life (QOL) in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Methods We assessed 62 patients with PNES for quality of life, anger expression and personality, and psychiatric, social and medical histories. Results Diagnosis of depression, pain syndromes, older age of onset and shorter duration of PNES correlated with poorer quality of life. Elevated anger state, trait and total anger scores correlated with worse quality of life and with Quality of Life in Epilepsy 31 subscales of emotional well-being, medication, cognitive and social effects, seizure worry, and fatigue. Conclusion Our study verifies reported correlations between depression and somatic symptoms and quality of life. A novel finding is that of a relationship between quality of life in PNES and anger expression. This result has important implications for psychotherapeutic treatment of PNES in that it provides a potentially modifiable target.
The evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) services using management systems (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001) is important for improving the quality of such services. In this study, we prioritize and select performance indicators (PIs) for MSW service evaluation and organize them in a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) tool. The tool is applied for the period 2008–2011 to the public administration organization responsible for waste management in Loulé Municipality, Portugal, a region characterized by strong tourist seasonality. MSW management priorities are well established through EU directives and the application of PIs should allow service objectives to be quantified, including reducing the production of waste, increasing the quantity of recyclables, improving clients’ satisfaction with the service, improving workers’ motivation, decreasing the quantities of waste in landfills, and reducing service costs. The results indicate that the use of indicators and BSC tool can assess the strategic objectives of the organization and monitor its performance over time. The overall BSC assessment ratings were 51.7%, 66.1%, and 70.1% for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively, indicating an improvement in overall service performance over time. The results demonstrate that monitoring seasonal variations of PIs in tourist regions is important since these variations can help to explain annual changes in the factors affecting waste services management, their impacts on overall service quality, and the best time for measures to be applied. Based on this case study, the BSC can effectively contribute to improvements in the quality and cost of MSW services in areas characterized by strong seasonal variations in population and waste.
The carbon nanospheres–LiFePO4 (CNSs–LiFePO4) composite has been synthesized by PEG (polyethylene glycol, mean molecular weight of 30,000) based sol–gel route. Highly conductive CNSs (30–40nm) were adopted to improve the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. PEG was used to promote the dispersion of CNSs with the surface functionalization of CNSs, which could facilitate the coating of CNSs on the surface of the LiFePO4 particles. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering. Electrochemical performance of the CNSs–LiFePO4 composite was characterized by the charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectra measurement. The results indicated that LiFePO4 particles were well coated with the conductive CNSs to overcome the intrinsic low electronic conductivity problem of LiFePO4. The CNSs–LiFePO4 composite delivered an enhanced rate capability (146, 128 and 113mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 1C and 5C rate). The PEG based sol–gel route enables LiFePO4 networked with CNSs, which offered a higher electrochemical performance.
Micro/nanostructured Co9S8 cubes and spheres (S-Co9S8) were successfully prepared with Co3O4 as templates via the vapor-based anion exchange reaction. The morphology and structure of both materials were characterized by SEM and XRD. Co9S8 microcubes and microspheres were composed of nanoparticles, inheriting the micro/nanostructure of Co3O4 precursors. Tested in lithium ion batteries, C-Co9S8 and S-Co9S8 anodes exhibited high specific capacities, excellent cycle stability (C-Co9S8: 369mAhg−1, S-Co9S8: 370mAhg−1 over 300 cycles at 1C) and high rate performances (C-Co9S8: 450mAhg−1, S-Co9S8: ∼430mAhg−1 at 5C).
In this study, we evaluated the emissions of pollutants generated from the combustion of syngas in the gasification of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Brazil using a mobile grille gasifier fed with domestic waste without any previous separation or grinding. The basic syngas composition (H2, CH4 and CO) was analyzed by gas chromatography and the Lower Calorific Value was calculated, which ranged from 1.9 to 10.2 MJ/kg. In the monitoring of combustion gases (CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2 and Total Hydrocarbon Content), values were found for these pollutants that were lower than the values established by the Brazilian legislation, except for SO2. Regarding the determination of the emission of metals, values lower than those permissible in the legislation were found for the most toxic metals grouped as class I (Cd, Hg, Tl). Therefore, it was evident that gasification followed by the combustion of syngas from MSW without prior segregation at source has the advantages of having fewer process steps, allowing the low emission of pollutants into the environment and it avoids that the residues are deposited in landfills, which are generators of leachate and greenhouse gas (methane).
Ionic liquids are assuming a constantly growing importance as preferred media for the progress of various energy devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors and lithium batteries. However, their electrochemical properties are not yet fully recognized and in this paper we try to contribute to fill the gap by investigating the stability window of a sample IL-based solution, as well as its interfacial properties with two typical lithium ion battery electrodes, namely lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12 and lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4. The results of a detailed impedance spectroscopy analysis demonstrate that, although operating well within the stability domain of the selected IL-based electrolyte, both electrodes undergo passivation phenomena with the formation on their surface of a solid electrolyte interface, SEI, layer. The impedance spectra show that the resistance of the SEI is very low and stable, this suggesting that its occurrence is highly beneficial in terms of assuring reversible and safe electrode processes.
Network convergence paradigm will substantially increase the pervasive use of WiFi-enabled mobile devices such as smart phones (e.g., Android-based mobile and iPhone), e-book viewers (e.g., iPad and Kindle) and personal media players. Although various on-demand streaming services are already available over mobile WiFi-enabled devices, it remains a challenging problem due to WiFi's limited communication range, mobility and user population density issues. In this paper, we extend and enhance our previous work on MOVi (Mobile Opportunistic Video-on-demand). In particular, we exploit the use of cooperative content sharing concept in gaining performance advantages. We reinvestigate the previous version of MOVi in more realistic operational environments and propose an improved scheduling algorithm which incorporates H-hop blocking and opportunistic download skipping schemes. The scalability of the extended MOVi system is verified by extensive simulations and several experiments with prototype implementation over OMF (cOntrol and Management Framework)-enabled wireless network testbeds. In terms of the number of supported user, an average of 30% improvement can be achieved while at the same time consuming the same amount of battery power.