batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Food addiction (FA) has recently emerged as a new field in the study of obesity. Previous studies have contributed to identifying psychological correlates of FA. However, few researchers have examined the cognitive profile related to this condition; up until now, attentional biases related to food cues and a poorer performance monitoring have been observed. The present study aimed to examine the psychological profile and executive functioning related to FA in individuals with severe obesity and awaiting bariatric surgery. Participants (N = 86) were split into two groups, according to their level of FA symptoms (low FA vs high FA). Groups were compared on questionnaires measuring binge eating, depression and anxiety symptoms, and impulsivity as well as on measures reflecting executive functioning (D-KEFS and BRIEF-A). The relationship between FA groups and patterns of errors during the D-KEFS’ Color-Word Interference Test was further analyzed. Individuals within the high FA group reported significantly more binge eating, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and more metacognitive difficulties. They also tended to show a poorer inhibition/cognitive flexibility score and a typical pattern of errors, characterized by an increased number of errors as the tasks’ difficulty rose as opposed to a decreased number of errors, which characterizes an atypical pattern of errors. The present results show that the inability to learn from errors or past experiences is related to the severity of FA and overall impairments.
Nano-crystalline LiFeO2 has been synthesized at low temperature (150°C) using the solid-state method. It was composed of orthorhombic LiFeO2 and a small amount of spinel LiFe5O8 phases. A Li/LiFeO2 cell showed not only a fairly high initial discharge capacity of over 150mAh/g, but also a good cycle retention rate at room temperature. We first found that the orthorhombic LiFeO2 underwent a structural change to the spinel phase (LiFe5O8) during the charge/discharge process, which resulted in the capacity decline of the Li/LiFeO2 system.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed evidence of subcortical white matter abnormalities in the frontal area in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) in the corticothalamic pathway have been detected in adult patients with JME. It has been demonstrated that, in adult patients with JME, frontal dysfunction is related to subcortical white matter damage and decreased volume in frontal cortical gray matter and the thalamus. Many studies have focused on adult patients. Twenty-four patients and 28 controls were evaluated. The group with JME had significantly worse results for the word fluency, trail-B, and Stroop tests that assessed executive functions. A significant decrease in FA values in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), the right thalamus, the posterior cingulate, the corpus callosum anterior, the corona radiata, and the middle frontal white matter (MFWM) and an increase in ADC values in patients with JME were detected. The correlation between FA values in DLPFC and the letter fluency test results was positive, and the correlation with the Stroop and trail-B test results was negative. We found a negative correlation between SMA, anterior thalamus, and MFWM FA values and the trail-B test results and a positive correlation between the SMA, anterior thalamus, and MFWM FA values and the letter fluency test results. We detected white matter and gray matter abnormalities in patients with new-onset JME using DTI. In addition, we determined the relationship between cognitive deficit and microstructural abnormalities by evaluating the correlation between the neuropsychological test battery results and DTI parameters. We evaluated newly diagnosed patients with JME in our study. That leads us to believe that microstructural abnormalities exist from the very beginning of the disease and that they result from the genetic basis of the disease.
Mobile phones have been the most rapidly spreading development in the field of communication and information technologies over the past decades. Nowadays, digital cameras have taken their place. The wide product range in the market, each with numerous heterogeneous technical attributes, complicates the selection of the most convenient camera for end-users. The aim of this work is to provide end-users with a decision support framework for selecting the best digital camera according to their preferences. End-users and photography experts use subjective assessments when determining their requirements and making their evaluations. The proposed decision support tool is built on the basis of fuzzy set theory. The imprecision of the subjective assessments are transformed to fuzzy triangular numbers. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy compromise programming methodologies are applied in order to determine the relative weights of sub-criteria and criteria and to rank the digital camera alternatives, respectively.
High-rate and long-cycle life Li-ion batteries constructed with all-manganese-based electrode materials have been successfully realized. The key to the success is the facile green synthesis of the anode: MnO@C core–shell nanowires with internal void spaces and a uniform carbon coating shell. The unique one-dimensional nano-configuration provides reduced solid-state distance for Li-ion/electron transport, enhanced electrical conductivity for charge transfer, and effectively volumetric accommodation for Li-ion insertion/extraction, thus enabling the MnO@C nanostructures to exhibit high-rate Li-ion storage capacity and long cycling stability. When coupled with a nanostructured LiMn2O4 cathode, the all-manganese-based MnO@C∥LiMn2O4 full cell characterizes a high energy density of 397Whkg−1, high rate capability (215Whkg−1 at a power density of 6.2kWkg−1), and an extremely low decay rate of 0.087% per cycle over 1000 cycles. Combining with additional merits of low cost, eco-friendliness, and safe operation, our design will shed light on fabricating high-performance Li-ion batteries from all manganese-based electrode materials.
The need for grid-connected energy storage systems will grow worldwide in the next future due to the expansion of intermittent renewable energy sources and the inherent request for services of power quality and energy management. Electrochemical storage systems will be a solution of choice in many applications because of their localization flexibility, efficiency, scalability, and other appealing features. Among them redox flow batteries (RFBs) exhibit very high potential for several reasons, including power/energy independent sizing, high efficiency, room temperature operation, and extremely long charge/discharge cycle life. RFB technologies make use of different metal ion couples as reacting species. The best-researched and already commercially exploited types are all-vanadium redox batteries, but several research programs on other redox couples are underway in a number of countries. These programs aim at achieving major improvements resulting in more compact and cheaper systems, which can take the technology to a real breakthrough in stationary grid-connected applications.
Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain an unmet clinical need. Improved understanding of the neuro- and psychopathology of these deficits depends on the availability of carefully validated animal models which will assist the development of novel therapies. There is much evidence that at least some of the pathology and symptomatology (particularly cognitive and negative symptoms) of schizophrenia results from a dysfunction of the glutamatergic system which may be modelled in animals through the use of NMDA receptor antagonists. The current review examines the validity of this model in rodents. We review the ability of acute and sub-chronic treatment with three non-competitive NMDA antagonists; phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine and MK801 (dizocilpine) to produce cognitive deficits of relevance to schizophrenia in rodents and their subsequent reversal by first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on the performance of rodents in behavioural tests assessing the various domains of cognition and negative symptoms are examined: novel object recognition for visual memory, reversal learning and attentional set shifting for problem solving and reasoning, 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time for attention and speed of processing; in addition to effects on social behaviour and neuropathology. The evidence strongly supports the use of NMDA receptor antagonists to model cognitive deficit and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as certain pathological disturbances seen in the illness. This will facilitate the evaluation of much-needed novel pharmacological agents for improved therapy of cognitive deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Adsorption and desorption of Dinonylphenol Phosphate Ester (DPE), on the surface of a zinc anode in alkaline solution during discharge, have been studied by AC impedance and numerical fitting techniques. The processes were found reversible only during the initial oxidation. The mechanism of the corrosion inhibition caused by the surfactant was investigated and it was found that both the geometrically blocking effect and the increase of hydrogen evolution overpotential might contribute to the reduction of the corrosion rate. The initial potential “dip” during the discharge of an alkaline zinc cell was found to have resulted from surface coverage of the surfactant.
To develop solid-state metal-hydride batteries, heteropolyacid hydrates, such as 12-tungstophosphoric acid hydrate (H3PW12O40·nH2O) and 12-molybdophosphoric acid hydrate (H3PMo12O40·nH2O), were used as electrolytes. The Ni/MH battery using 12-tungstophosphoric acid could be charged and discharged even at a considerably high current density of 100mAg−1, but showed very poor cycle life performance due to corrosion of the electrode materials by the heteropolyacid electrolyte. The cyclability was improved by employing manganese dioxide and zirconium-based alloy as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The best performance was obtained on the battery using 12-molybdophosphoric acid; its operation was possible up to 50mAg−1, and/or for more than 100 cycles at 5mAg−1.
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) is one of the most promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries, owing to its high Li + conductivity and stability when in contact with lithium metal. However, LLZ has its own challenges in realizing high performance due to its high electrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance. To address this issue, we report a systematic investigation of interfacial resistance, with a metallic Li strip and a thin layer of Li deposition by thermal evaporation (TE) over dense and high Li + conductive pristine Al-LLZ (Li6.28Al0.24La3Zr2O12) and Au||Al-LLZ. Thermal treatment of Li (TE)||Au||Al-LLZ||Au||Li (TE) at 180 °C for 1-h exhibits a dramatic reduction in interfacial resistance along with stable Li platting/stripping at room temperature (25 °C). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) investigation on the interface of the Li (TE)||Au||Al-LLZ||Au||Li (TE) reveals the formation of a favorable thin layer of Li-Au alloy through the heat treatment at 180 °C. A room temperature working cell with LiCoO2 as a cathode, metallic Li (TE) as anode and Al-LLZ as a solid electrolyte is possible by introducing a thin layer of Au at anode interface and a soft polypropylene interlayer at cathode interface.
Nitrogen doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) thin films were deposited on p-Si (111) substrates (1×10−3 to 6×10−3 Ωcm) by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique with different nitrogen flow rates (3 and 20sccm). The ta-C:N film coated samples were used as working electrodes to detect trace heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) by using linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry in 0.1M KCl solutions (pH 1). The influence of nitrogen flow rate on the sensitivity of the films to the metal ions was investigated. The results showed that the current response of the ta-C:N film electrodes was significant to differentiate all the tested trace metal ions (Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+) and the three ions (Pb2+ +Cu2+ +Hg2+) could be simultaneously identified with good stripping peak potential separations.
The efficiency of energy storage technologies such as water splitting and metal-air batteries is limited by the sluggish dynamics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a galvanic replacement-mediated method for in-situ growth of iron-nickel nitride on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a powdery catalyst for OER. This in-situ grown structure creates intimate interaction between the active substance of Fe2Ni2N and CNTs so as to accelerate charge transfer in the catalytical interface. First-principles calculations reveal that the Fe2Ni2N is intrinsically metallic, and the contribution mainly derives from the Fe atoms at corner sites of crystal structures. A good synergistic effect between metallic Fe2Ni2N with excellent intrinsic activity and conductive CNTs lead to outstanding electrochemical performance with a low overpotential (η 10 mAcm-2 = 282 mV) and Tafel slope (38 mV dec−1), as well as good long-term stability.
We report enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) based on MgO-templated carbon (MgOC)-carbon textile composite electrodes, which are lightweight, flexible, and used as liquid containers. MgOC particles with a pore size of 40 nm were modified on a carbon cloth substrate using poly(vinylidenedifluoride) as an anodic binder and polytetrafluoroethylene as a cathodic binder. Flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) from Aspergillus terreus was used for the anode, with 1,4-naphthoquinone chosen as the redox mediator. The O2-reducing cathode contains bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from Myrocecium verucaria and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), which facilitates electron transfer between the active site of BOD and the electrode. The hydrophobicity of the gas diffusion layer in the textile composite cathode is tuned with the aid of a PTFE binder, to increase the amount of O2 supplied from the air. The open circuit potential is 0.75 V and maximum output power density is 2 mW cm−2 at 0.4 V (room temperature, without O2 gas flow). Our results clearly indicate that MgOC-textile materials are very promising for the development of high-performance, wearable EBFCs.
It is crucial to develop stable energy sources for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries using simple synthesis methods. Herein, we report a facile route for synthesizing phase-pure carbon-coated Na2FeSiO4 polyanionic cathodes using conventional solid-state methods at 700 °C under inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction results reveal that there are no impurities in the highly crystalline Na2FeSiO4 particles, resulting from the heat of combustion provided by the organic chelating agent. The electrochemical behaviour of Na2FeSiO4 particles is tested within 1.5–4.5 V at 0.25 C. The Na2FeSiO4 cathode delivered 119 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C and maintained ∼85% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles after activation process. Even at high current densities of 3.5 C, the material outperforms other orthosilicates-based cathodes reported with capacities of 55 mAh g−1 discharge capacity along with ∼80% retention after 1000 cycles. The enhanced performance of carbon-coated Na2FeSiO4 particles is ascribed to the improved electronic conductivity by the incorporation of carbon and the presence of void space between the particles. This void space contains more electrolytes and eliminates the stress formed during the cycling process, thus improving stability even at high rates. This is the first report on obtaining phase pure metal orthosilicate material with negligible impurities using simple solid-state method along with such exponential electrochemical performances.
A modular electronic battery management system (BMS) is described along with important features for protecting and optimizing the performance of large lithium ion (LiIon) battery packs. Of particular interest is the use of a much improved cell equalization system that can increase or decrease individual cell voltages. Experimental results are included for a pack of six series connected 60Ah (amp-hour) LiIon cells.
Subjective emotional arousal in typically developing adults was investigated in an explorative study. 177 participants (20–70 years) rated facial expressions and words for self-experienced arousal and perceived intensity, and completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-D). Exclusion criteria were psychiatric or neurological diseases, or clinically relevant scores in the HADS-D. Arousal regarding faces and words was significantly predicted by emotional clarity. Separate analyses showed following significant results: arousal regarding faces and arousal regarding words constantly predicted each other; negative faces were predicted by age and intensity; neutral faces by gender and impulse control; positive faces by gender and intensity; negative words by emotional clarity; and neutral words by gender. Males showed higher arousal scores than females regarding neutral faces and neutral words; for the other arousal scores, no explicit group differences were shown. Cluster analysis yielded three distinguished emotional characteristics groups: “emotional difficulties disposition group” (mainly females; highest emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety scores; by trend highest arousal), “low emotional awareness group” (exclusively males; lowest awareness regarding currently experienced emotions; by trend intermediate arousal), and a “low emotional difficulties group” (exclusively females; lowest values throughout). No age effect was shown. Results suggest that arousal elicited by facial expressions and words are specialized parts of a greater emotional processing system and that typically developing adults show some kind of stable, modality-unspecific dispositional baseline of emotional arousal. Emotional awareness and clarity, and impulse control probably are trait aspects of emotion regulation that influence emotional arousal in typically developing adults and can be regarded as aspects of meta-emotion. Different emotional personality styles were shown between as well as within gender groups.
Schizophrenia patients display important rates of comorbid social anxiety disorder (SAD) but few studies have directly examined how SAD affects the presentation of schizophrenia, notably social cognition deficits and functioning. Aims To compare social cognition performance of schizophrenia patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for a comorbid SAD (SZ+) relative to patients without such comorbidity (SZ−) and to determine if the impact of social cognition performance on functioning is moderated by that comorbidity. Method Social cognition performance (emotion recognition, social knowledge, and mentalizing), a control non-social reasoning task, as well as clinical symptoms and functioning were assessed in 26 patients with comorbid SAD (SZ+), 29 SZ− and 84 healthy controls. Results Patient groups significantly differed from each other on social knowledge performance, but not in levels of symptoms or overall functioning. Relative to healthy controls, SZ+ were impaired uniquely on mentalizing, whereas SZ− showed a more encompassing social cognition deficit that included mentalizing, social knowledge and non-social reasoning impairments. Mentalizing was the best predictor of functioning across both patient groups. Importantly, non-social reasoning negatively influenced mentalizing and in turn functioning only in the SZ− group. Conclusions The overall pattern of results indicates common mentalizing deficits in SZ+ and SZ−; however, these deficits appear linked to different underlying deficits and different pathways to functional impact in the two patient subgroups. This study highlights some distinctive characteristics of schizophrenia patients with comorbid SAD and signals a need for further investigations into the sources of the mentalizing and functioning impairments in SZ+ patients.
Structures of Br adlayers were determined on the Ag(100), Au(100) and Pt(111) electrode surfaces during the course of O2 reduction by using synchrotron surface X-ray scattering techniques and correlated with the O2 reduction activity obtained from rotating disk electrode measurements. On Ag(100), the c(2×2) Br adlayer, precludes the O2 adsorption in ‘bridge’ configuration, and the O2 reduction current resulting solely from adsorption in the ‘end-on’ configuration through the four-fold symmetry holes in the c(2×2) Br lattice is observed at large overpotentials. On Au(100), O2 reduction is completely inhibited by the c(√2×2√2)R45° phase. The reaction takes place only at potentials negative of the low potential limit of the existence of that phase. O2 reduction is also completely blocked by the commensurate (3×3) Br adlayer on Pt(111) at high potentials. Below 0.5 V, the ordered phase vanishes and O2 reduction takes place. Adsorbed disordered Br adions change the mechanism of O2 reduction on Pt(111) into a 2e-reaction. O2 affects the stability of ordered Br adlayer on Pt(111), but not on Ag(100) and Au(100).
CuBr/Bipyridine (Bpy) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalysts are physisorbed and covalently tethered to nonporous fumed silica and are characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV/vis spectroscopy. The supported catalysts are used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), promoting the polymerization to moderate conversions with good control, with molecular weights similar to theoretical values and low polydispersity indices (PDIs). The used, Cu(II)-containing catalysts are subjected to a regeneration process with AIBN as a reductant, producing increased concentrations of Cu(I) species on the surface for the tethered system. Leaching experiments indicate that the tethered systems result in no detectable soluble copper species and that the majority of the catalytic transformations occur with sites tethered to the surface. In contrast, use of the physisorbed catalyst results in a substantial amount of leached copper species, and the soluble species are capable of controlling the polymerization in the absence of the solid, although with extremely low polymerization rates.
Analysis and prediction of the state of health (SOH) of batteries in the electromobility sector is of supreme importance. In this regard, non-invasive techniques present unique opportunities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allows detailed investigations of predominant processes at both electrodes. However, a proper understanding of the impedance spectra is crucial, especially for the assignment of the major phenomena to their corresponding electrodes. In this work, impedance spectra of a high energy lithium-ion battery (Panasonic NCR18650B: NCA vs. graphite) are investigated. Half-cells and commercial cells are measured by means of EIS and analyzed using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and an equivalent circuit model (ECM). Additionally, differential voltage analyses (DVA) are performed, activation energies are calculated and resistances at two different SOH are compared to each other. It is concluded that the predominant processes are the charge transfers of the two electrodes. While at low SOC the NCA's charge transfer dominates, at high SOC the graphite's charge transfer dominates. Impedance spectra analysis at different SOH with the aim of investigating the aging processes of both electrodes separately proved that the electrodes show severe degradations at a SOH of about C / C 0 = 70%.