batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this paper an algorithm for optimal charging of a valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery stack based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. The main objective of the proposed algorithm is to charge the battery stack as fast as possible without violating the constraints on the charge current, the battery voltage and the battery temperature. In addition, a constraint on the maximum allowed voltage of every battery in the battery stack is added in order to minimize degradation of the individual batteries during charging. The convexity of the VRLA battery charging optimization problem is proven, which makes the control algorithm suitable for efficient on-line implementation via solving a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). The recursive feasibility and stability of the proposed control strategy is ensured. The proposed algorithm is validated both through simulation tests and on the experimental setup.
The relations between psychopathy, romantic relationships, and well-being were investigated in 431 undergraduates. For both males and females, various components of romantic relationship quality were positively correlated with subjective well-being (SWB) and negatively correlated with ill-being. However, only for females was overall romantic relationship quality positively correlated with life satisfaction, happiness and positive affect, and negatively correlated with negative affect and depression. High levels of psychopathy were found in 23.1 % of males and 7.4 % of females. Psychopathy accounted for significant variance in overall relationship quality (7.0 %), commitment (14.1 %), satisfaction (9.3 %), romance (10.7 %) and trust (6.4 %) in romantic relationships for males and in overall relationship quality (3.2 %), commitment (5.3 %), and trust (5.9 %) for females. Romantic relationship quality was able to mediate the relations between psychopathy and SWB and this mediation was moderated by gender.
Energy storage system plays an important role in modern power systems for mitigating the variation and intermittency of renewable energy sources. The Lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used solution for energy storage system. However, its high cost is considered as one of the major barriers hampering the integration of renewable energy and the adoption of electric vehicles. Reusing electric vehicle batteries seems a promising solution to the aforementioned problem. Based on a dynamic degradation model of Lithium-ion batteries, this paper first compares the profits that second-life and fresh batteries can bring to the wind farm. Model predictive control is adopted to solve an hourly optimal wind scheduling problem and maximize the profit of wind farm owner. The optimal size of battery is determined and then the comparison of second-life and fresh batteries is conducted taking the battery degradation, the profit of the wind farm owner, and various remaining capacities of battery into account. Two case studies in USA and Denmark are conducted and the analysis shows that given the current prices of wind energy and Lithium-ion batteries, reusing batteries is not worthwhile for the studied wind farms, but it may outperform fresh batteries in the future if the wind energy price decreases much faster than the battery price.
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often associated with a severe local inflammatory reaction which, unless controlled, leads to persistent pain up to one year after surgery. Standard and accelerated rehabilitation protocols are currently being implemented after TKA, but no consensus exists regarding the long-term effects. Biophysical stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) has been demonstrated to exert an anti-inflammatory effect, to promote early functional recovery and to maintain a positive long-term effect in patients undergoing joint arthroscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PEMFs can be used to limit the pain and enhance patient recovery after TKA.
A novel nitrogen‑sulfur co-doped porous carbon (NSPC) material was synthesized by using ionic liquids as the nitrogen and sulfur precursor. This material exhibited porous structure with high specific surface area (701m2 g−1) and superior nitrogen and sulfur co-doping (4.66 and 1.83wt%, respectively), The materials was used as anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries and showed a high reversible capacity of 987.7mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.1Ag−1 and a good long cycle performance (337.5mAhg−1 at 5Ag−1 after 5000cycles). The NSPC's superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to three points: (1) Excellent pore structure (surface area is 701m2 g−1). (2) Nitrogen and sulfur co-doping (4.66 and 1.83wt%, respectively). (3) Higher rate of capacitance contribution during process of charge and discharge.
Pyrite FeS2 was synthesized through a simple, cost effective solvothermal method. NaOH was used in the synthesis, which plays a crucial role as a pH regulator. The formation of pyrite FeS2 was confirmed through XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and FTIR. SEM results showed the formation of octahedral shaped particles with slight truncated edges. Thermogravimetric Analysis was performed to determine the properties of the material. The electrochemical studies were performed with a three electrode system to explore its supercapacitive behavior using 1 M Na2SO4 and 3.5 M KOH aqueous electrolytes. The electrochemical tests indicated that pyrite FeS2 exhibits a specific capacitance of 260 F/g at 1 A/g with an energy density of 46.8 Wh/kg. The good capacitance and high energy density makes it suitable to be used as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors.
The cyclic stability of LiCoO2 as cathode of lithium ion battery under 4.5V is improved by using 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile (4-TB) as an electrolyte additive. In a standard (STD) electrolyte (1.0mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/DMC, 1/1/1 by volume) containing 0.5wt.% 4-TB, LiCoO2 exhibits an improved cyclic stability when the end-off charge potential is increased to 4.5V. The characterizations, from XRD, ICP, SEM, FTIR, and XPS, demonstrate that a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film is formed on LiCoO2 from 4-TB, which suppresses the successive decomposition of STD electrolyte and prevents LiCoO2 from crystal destruction. Theoretical calculations confirm that 4-TB is adsorbed and oxidized on LiCoO2 preferentially to the carbonates in electrolyte, forming the protective CEI film.
The intercalation of Li into layer-structure materials is closely compared with the features of underpotential deposition (UPD). Based on the initiation potential adsorption behaviour, cyclic voltammetric and impedance response of Li X C6, it is proposed that Li intercalation can be considered to be a special type of UPD with the substrate being a layered structure. The thermodynamic behaviour of Li intercalation in graphite can be interpreted in terms of an adsorption isotherm and an inverse derivative curve. The thermodynamic equation of the adsorption isotherm, including the long-range interaction energy between Li atoms, has been used and a close match has been found with the result in the final two phase transitions of cell discharge.
This study examined whether the number of psychotropic medications an individual is taking across classes influences side effects among adults with Intellectual Disability (ID). Participants were 80 adults diagnosed with ID. Dependent variables were the composite score and domain scores of the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side-effects (MEDS), which is an instrument used to assess side effects. There were three levels of the independent variable: Group 1 – those taking zero psychotropic medications, Group 2 – those taking one psychotropic medication, and Group 3 – those taking two psychotropic medications across different medication classes. There was a significant main effect regarding number of psychotropic medication classes prescribed. Further analysis revealed that four of the nine MEDS domains had significantly different mean scores for number of psychotropic medication classes. For the majority of MEDS domains, such as Central Nervous System-General, Parkinsonism/Dyskinesia, and Behavioral/Akathesia domains, participants in the no psychotropic medication group had significantly lower mean scores than those in the one and two psychotropic medication groups. Only two MEDS domains, Cardiovascular and Hematologic Effects as well as Skin, Allergies, and Temperature, were significantly different between participants taking one psychotropic medication as compared with two psychotropic medications from different classes. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The ionic behavior of an aromatic lithium sulfonyl imide, i.e. lithium bis(4nitrophenyl)sulfonylimide, has been investigated in an amorphous poly(oxyethylene) network and compared to that of usual lithium salts dissolved in the same host polymer. The NO2 groups which are substituents at both phenyl groups, are expected to induce a strong electron-withdrawing effect on the imide negative charge to provide large delocalization and therefore generate high charge carrier concentration. The conductivities observed are lower than those of lithium salts such as (CF3SO2)2NLi (LiTFSI) dissolved in the same host polymer. An important increase of T g with salt concentration reflects a greater stiffness of the polymer induced by the aromatic rings, which reduces mobility, and might account for the lower conductivity. Interestingly, the aromatic imide exhibits higher cationic mobility with t + ranging between 0.4 and 0.45, compared to 0.08–0.12 for the fluorinated imide. Cyclic voltammetry shows that lithium bis(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonylimide undergoes irreversible reduction before lithium plating, which has been attributed to the presence of nitro group.
A novel high performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications, terephthalonitrile-derived nitrogen-rich network (TNN), is developed successfully via temperature-dependent cross-linking of terephthalonitrile monomers. This work opens up a new window for seeing a versatile modular toolbox derived from various aromatic nitrile monomers for developing better electrode materials in the future.
We explore the influence of coverage percentage of the sulfur electrode on the cycle performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. Four sulfur electrodes covered with composite films made of carbon (BP2000), nano-Al2O3 and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with different exposure are prepared and tested in lithium-sulfur batteries. The results display that both the capacity retention and coulombic efficiency are improved with the increase of surface coverage percentage among which the cell with the completely sealed sulfur electrode exhibits the best cycle performance. The discharge capacity of the sealed sulfur electrode is ca. 800 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 C with capacity retention over 77%. The ex-situ field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV) and nitrogen sorption measurements reveal that the sealed structure with narrow and irregular interstitials effectively suppresses the diffusion of soluble polysulfides out of the embraced environment with virtually no effect on lithium ion conduction. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of the sealed structure for achieving robust electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.
Background Only a minority of infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed and is highly predictive of breastfeeding behaviors. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was developed among English-speaking mothers to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy. Objectives To translate the BSES-SF into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties. Design Methodological study. Setting One public hospital in Orihuela, Spain. Participants A convenience sample of 135 in-hospital breastfeeding women was recruited on their second day postpartum. Methods The BSES-SF was translated into Spanish using forward translation, back-translation and pilot testing. Internal consistency, construct validity and predictive validity were assessed. A battery of self-report questionnaires was administered on the second day postpartum including: a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and breastfeeding status, the translated BSES-SF, the Spanish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Stress Management Self-Efficacy Scale. Also, data on breastfeeding status at three weeks postpartum were collected by telephone interviews. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.92. The translated BSES-SF presented a unidimensional structure with factor loadings of >0.30. In addition, demographic response patterns and correlations with self-efficacy scales provided further evidence of construct validity. In-hospital BSES-SF scores significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at 3 weeks postpartum. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the Spanish translation of the BSES-SF can be considered a valid and reliable measure of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy in Spain.
The aim of the present study was investigate the relationship between working memory and reading and mathematical skills in 55 children diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The findings indicate a pervasive memory deficit in all memory measures. In particular, deficits observed in visuospatial short-term and working memory tasks were significantly worse than in the verbal short-term memory ones. On the basis of these deficits, the sample was divided into high and low visuospatial memory ability groups. The low visuospatial memory group performed significantly worse on the attainment measures compared to the high visuospatial memory group, even when the contribution of IQ was taken into account. When the sample was divided into high and low verbal working memory ability groups, verbal working memory skills made a unique contribution to attainment only when verbal IQ was taken into account, but not when performance IQ was statistically controlled. It is possible that the processing demands of the working memory tasks together with the active motor component reflected in the visuospatial memory tasks and performance IQ subtest both play a crucial role in learning in children with DCD.
The as-grown structure of electrochemically synthesized titania nanotubes is investigated by a combination of cross-sectional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis reveals a preferred growth direction of the nanotubes relative to the substrate surface and the presence of a thin barrier oxide layer that exists between the metal substrate and the nanotubes. High-resolution TEM images also provide information about the morphology of the metal/oxide and oxide/nanotube interfaces, and the crystallinity of the different layers. In addition, compositional analysis performed via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicates that there are differences in oxygen and titanium concentrations between nanotubes and barrier oxide. The experimental observations obtained from these analysis techniques provide additional insights about the tube formation process.
Background Social desirability has been construed as either inaccurately attributing positive characteristics to oneself (self-deception), or inaccurately denying that one possesses undesirable characteristics to others (other-deception or impression management). These conceptualisations of social desirability have not been considered in relation to people with intellectual disabilities (IDs), but they are important constructs to consider when undertaking a psychological assessment of an individual, especially within forensic contexts. Therefore, we revised two existing measures of self- and other-deception and considered their psychometric properties. Methods Thirty-two men with mild IDs and 28 men without IDs completed the Self- and Other-Deception Questionnaires—Intellectual Disabilities (SDQ-ID and ODQ-ID) on two occasions, two weeks apart. Results Men with IDs scored significantly higher on the SDQ-ID and the ODQ-ID than men without IDs. However, these differences disappeared when Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ and Performance IQ were controlled in relation to the SDQ-ID, and partially disappeared in relation to the ODQ-ID. The SDQ-ID and the ODQ-ID had substantial internal consistency in relation to men with IDs (k =0.82 and 0.84 respectively). The test-retest reliability of the SDQ-ID was good (r i =0.68), while the test-retest reliability of the ODQ-ID was moderate (r i =0.56), for men with IDs. The SDQ-ID had moderate (k =0.60) and the ODQ-ID had substantial (k =0.70) internal consistency in relation to men without IDs, while the test-retest reliability of the SDQ-ID was excellent (r i =0.87) as was the case for the ODQ-ID (r i =0.85). Conclusions The SDQ-ID and the ODQ-ID have satisfactory psychometric properties in relation to men with and without IDs. Future research using these instruments is proposed.
The fabrication of silicon anode materials using biomass resources enables the effective utilization of subsidiary agricultural products in battery industries, despite the electrochemical performances of these as-synthesized silicon materials still need improvements. Using rice husk (RH) as silicon source, here we report for the first time the fabrication of silicon/nitrogen-doped carbon/carbon nanotube (SNCC) nano/micro-hierarchical structured spheres through a facile electrospray approach. The unique hierarchical hybrid structure of the composite spheres, in which the silicon nanoparticles are homogenously encapsulated in the highly conductive, porous carbon matrix built by carbon nanotubes and nitrogen-doped carbon, contributes to fast electronic transport and prevents silicon from pulverization possessing good structure stability upon the synergistic lithiation/delithiation of the components. These SNCC spheres could deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 1380mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.5Ag−1, and still maintain 1031mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The low cost RH-derived silicon composites synthesized by a facile, scalable synthetic method turn out to be promising for the next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Carbons with various interlayer spacings of 0.422–0.334 nm were prepared from the pyrolysis of graphite oxide at various temperatures. Raman measurement indicated that these carbons contain many defects even when the interlayer spacing was almost comparable to that of graphite. The charge and discharge potentials monotonically changed when they were used for the negative electrode of sodium-ion battery, which was rather similar to that observed for soft carbons. The maximum reversible capacity reached 252 mAh g−1 for the carbon prepared at 300 °C and it showed relatively good cycling stability. The X-ray diffraction pattern of it after charged to 0 V indicated that sodium ions are inserted between the carbon layers, forming a stage 1 intercalation compound. The capacity slightly decreased as the increase in the temperature for pyrolysis and more steeply decreased above 900 °C, however, the carbon obtained at 1000 °C still delivered a capacity of 95 mAh g−1.
Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cathode materials were synthesized by solid-state reaction route. Single-phase layer structure with hexagonal unit cell having R 3 ¯ m symmetry was obtained and the average particle size was around 6μm. Electrochemical studies showed single redox reaction and a maximum charging capacity of ∼140mAhg−1 was obtained. Ex situ structural studies by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering at various stages of charging and discharging showed that the host layered structure is maintained throughout the electrochemical lithiation–delithiation processes in the 3–4.5V range with systematic change in the lattice parameters. First discharge capacity was 132mAhg−1 and the capacity retention was ∼86% after 20 charge–discharge cycles.
Direct carbon-black coating of the cathode material using a surfactant increases the capacity of a Li-ion cell by ∼10% compared with using bare LiCoO2. The coating method comprises two steps: (i) dispersion of aggregated carbon black using orotan®—a polyacrylate dispersant; (ii) carbon-black coating of the cathode material using a gelatin—an amphoteric surfactant. This technology reduces the carbon content in the electrode without sacrificing the cycle-life performance of the cell, and also improves the rate capability of the Li-ion cell. Moreover, the direct carbon-black-coated cathode exhibits excellent capacity recovery and restricted expansion of the cell thickness compared with a bare cathode during storage at 85 °C.
A simple polymer pyrolysis method for the synthesis of hierarchically nanostructured NiFe2O4/C composites is reported in this study. The characteristics of the material are examined by thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performances of the nanomaterial composites are investigated in detail. The results show that the obtained composite retains a high specific capacity of 780 mAh g−1 even after 40 cycles at a current density of 1/8C, and the coulombic efficiency approaches 99%. The reversible specific capacity can still be as high as 200 mAh g−1, at high rate of 4C. The nanostructured NiFe2O4/C composite is a potential competitive anode for lithium-ion batteries.
Three-dimensionally interconnected NiSb intermetallic hollow nanospheres for Na-ion batteries are prepared by a facile and low-temperature approach involving crystallized 3D interconnected Ni nanospheres precursor and subsequent galvanic replacement reaction involving Sb ions. The 3D interconnected hollow structure and Ni matrix encapsulation contribute significantly to the excellent structure stability and high electrochemical performance of the Sb-based anode. They exhibit highly stable and substantial discharge capacities of 400, 372, 230mAhg−1 after 150 cycles at 1C, 5C, 10C, respectively. Moreover, a full Na0.4Mn0.54Co0.46O2//NiSb battery shows at a current density of 300mA/gSb a charge and discharge capacity of 451 and 301mAhg−1, respectively, and also displayed relatively good stability, retaining 75% of the initial discharge capacity after 20 cycles.
Exceptional and durable catalysts for Zinc-air batteries are plagued by nanoparticle agglomeration. As a proof-of-concept, we designed carbon-pore-sheathed cobalt nanoseeds by loading cobalt nanoparticles into N-doped defective carbon pores. Introduced N-doping, Co–N–C bond and graphitic/graphenic carbon defects endow the catalyst with exceptional catalytic activity. Most importantly, the design of Co confined within carbon pores effectively solved the dilemma of nanomaterial stability. By balancing the high catalytic activity and stable cyclability, this unique catalyst is among the outstanding bifunctional catalysts, with a high ORR half-wave potential of 0.847 V and a low OER potential at 10 mA/cm2 of 1.593 V. As demonstrated in the full cell, a peak power density of 135 mW/cm2 at a current density of 200 mA/cm2 and 450 h of stable cycling performance without fading at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 was delivered.