batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based battery design encounters the difficulty of high computational cost. This paper presents a systematic approach based on the artificial neural network to reduce the computational burden of battery design by several orders-of-magnitude. Two neural networks are constructed using the finite element simulation results from a thermo-electrochemical model. The first neural network serves as a classifier to predict whether a set of input variables is physically feasible. The second neural network yields specific energy and specific power. Both neural networks are validated using extra finite element simulations out of the training data. With a global sensitivity analysis using the neural network, we quantify the effect of input variables on specific energy and specific power by evaluating large combinations of input variables, which is computationally prohibitive for finite element simulations. Among all parameters, the applied C-rate has the largest influence on specific power, while the electrode thickness and porosity are the dominant factors affecting specific energy. Based on this finding, we generate a design map that fulfills the requirements of both specific energy and specific power. Inparticular, we highlight the value of neural network in handling the non-linear, complex and computationally expensive problem of battery design and optimization.
With a rapid expansion in the field of wearable electronics, powering them entirely by batteries has become more and more unpractical and unfavorable. Here, we developed a lightweight, flexible and sustainable power source by fabricating a nanofibrous membrane constructed wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (NM-TENG), which is capable of converting human biomechanical energy into electricity for next-generation wearables. With an effective device area of 16cm2 under gentle hand tapping, it can deliver a current and voltage output respectively up to 110µA and 540V. And the electrospun nanofibrous membranes were tailored to enhance the triboelectric polarity, mechanical strength as well as surface hydrophobicity, which will eventually improve the device output performance, robustness and capability of operation even with high environmental humidity. Via harvesting the biomechanical energy from body motion, the wearable NM-TENG was demonstrated to sustainably power a commercial thermal meter, electronic watch, and light up about 560 LEDs. Given a collection of compelling features of being flexible, breathable, environmentally friendly and cost-effective, the NM-TENG can be extensively applied not only to self-powered wearable electronics but also possibly to power generation at a large scale.
Layered oxide O3-NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 is one of the most promising cathode materials with high open-air stability, low cost, and environmental friendliness, but it experiences a series of complicated phase transitions during the charge-discharge process that lead to inferior electrochemical properties. In this work, we find that phase transitions of O3-NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 can be effectively suppressed through in situ coating of Na-ion conductor Na2SiO3. The Na2SiO3 coating layer can reduce polarization and suppress voltage drop, and also has three-dimensional pathways for Na-ion diffusion to ensure larger Na+ diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the electrochemical performances of layered oxide NaMO2 (M = Ni1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3) can be greatly improved. Specifically, the discharge capacity of 5 mol% Na2SiO3 coated electrodes increase by 28% compared to the pristine after 50 cycles. Na2SiO3 coated NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 also shows outstanding rate capability (58 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5 C, compared to only 12 mAh g−1 for the pristine). These results suggest this to be an effective and reliable surface-modification strategy to reinforce the electrochemical properties of layered oxide materials for sodium ion batteries.
In this work, Zr4+ doped P2-Na0.75Mn0.55Ni0.25Co0.05Fe0.10Zr0.05O2 has been synthesized and investigated as high-rate sodium-ion battery cathode material for the first time. XRD results indicate that Zr-ion with a big size cannot completely dissolve into the crystal structure, but the residual ZrO2 shows little impact on the electrochemical performance in comparison with the post-added ZrO2. With the substitution of Zr4+ for Fe3+, the lattice parameter a decreases but c increases, resulting in the reduced lattice volume. In comparison with the Zr-free sample, Na0.75Mn0.55Ni0.25Co0.05Fe0.10Zr0.05O2 (Zr05) can deliver a discharge capacity of about 95, 74, 61 and 53mAhg−1 at 2C, 5C, 8C and 10C. At the current density of 2C, the capacity retention after 100 cycles has increased from 57% of Zr0 to 74% of Zr05. The results demonstrate that Zr-ion substitution can effectively improve the rate performance and cycling stability of P2-structure cathode materials. The role of Zr4+ can be summarized as follows: (1) Zr-O (△H f 298K(Zr-O)=760kJmol−1) has a stronger bond energy than that of FeO (△H f 298K(Fe-O)=409kJmol−1), which enhances the structure stability and cycling performance; (2) the aliovalent substitution of Zr4+ for Fe3+ enhances the electronic conductivity, which is favorable for the rate capability; (3) the substitution of Zr4+ for Fe3+ can be beneficial to Na+ conduction because it increases disorder in the transition metal (TM) layers and can prevent Na+/vacancy ordering, which further enhances the rate capability.
N-doped highly microporous carbons have been successfully fabricated from N-rich microalgae by the combination of low-cost hydrothermal carbonization and industry-adopted KOH activation processes. The hydrothermal carbonization process was found to be an essential step for the successful conversion of microalgae into a carbon material. The materials thus synthesized showed BET surface areas in the range ∼1800–2200 m2 g−1 exclusively ascribed to micropores. The carbons showed N contents in the 0.7–2.7 wt.%, owing to the use of N-rich microalgae as a carbon precursor. When tested in symmetric double layer capacitors (occasionally called supercapacitors) based on aqueous LiCl electrolytes, pseudocapacitance was only observable for the sample synthesized at the lowest temperature, 650 °C, which is the one exhibiting the largest amount of N- and O-containing groups. The samples synthesized at 700–750 °C exhibited excellent rate capability (only 20% of capacitance loose at 20 A g−1), with specific capacitances of 170–200 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. These materials showed excellent long-term cycling stability under high current densities.
Prussian Blue Analogue (PBA)-Zn aqueous batteries are attractive because of the high potential of PBA against Zn (∼1.7 V), relative safety of the system, and high rate capability. But, despite the long cycle life of PBA half-cells, full PBA-Zn battery systems studied thus far have typically reported only up to 100 cycles and suffer significant capacity fade beyond that. In this work we demonstrate that the loss in capacity retention and cycle life is a combined effect of Zn2+ ion poisoning at the PBA cathode, as well as dendrite formation in the zinc anode. We address both these issues via the use of a dual ion (Na+ as the primary charge carrier) electrolyte and hyper-dendritic Zinc (HD Zn) as the anode. The copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHcf) vs. HD Zn system with Na+ ion electrolyte demonstrated herein exhibits 90% (83%) capacity retention after 300 (500) cycles at a 5C rate and a 3% reduction in usable capacity from 1C to 5C. Detailed characterization is done using in situ synchrotron energy-dispersive XRD (EDXRD), conventional XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical techniques.
The agent programming paradigm provides an easy to use framework for coding embedded applications in a pervasive environment. Under this model, applications are structured as mobile agents that can be flexibly installed on the available nodes of the system. Typically, such system nodes have limitations concerning battery and memory resources. The agent placement problem (APP) we consider in this paper, consists of deciding which agents should be placed at which nodes, in order to maximize the lifetime of the first node that runs out of battery. Since wireless communication has been identified in the past as a primary source of energy consumption, APP essentially involves bringing communicating agents close to each other, thus reducing communication costs. Nevertheless, this cannot always be done due to memory constraints. In fact as more and more agents are installed at the nodes finding free space at any node, let alone the desired one communication-wise, becomes hard. In this paper we tackle the problem of placing a newcomer agent in a stepwise fashion. First, enough memory space must be found or created at some node to place the agent. Second, the placement must be altered in order to make it energy efficient. We present algorithms that tackle each of the above steps separately as well as branch and bound methods for achieving both goals simultaneously. Our algorithms are centralized assuming a single entry point through which agents are injected into the system, with adequate knowledge of the system state and enough resources to run the proposed algorithms. The algorithms are evaluated under different simulated scenarios, and useful tradeoffs are identified.
Off-grid renewable systems can play a pivotal role in the process of rural electrification, thus promoting local development. Moreover, scientific literature is increasingly addressing this issue through the concept of sustainability and appropriate technologies. With regards to this topic, we present a sizing methodology which better relates the results and the sizing process itself to the local context. Specifically, we address the research area of sizing methodologies for off-grid PV systems. Typically, the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) is a key parameter in these methodologies, but is difficult to set as regards the specific context. The proposed methodology employs the concept of Levelized Cost of Supplied and Lost Energy, it is based on the estimate of an economic Value of Lost Load, and eventually, the LLP results to be an output of the process. Therefore, the methodology uses only data characterizing the local situation and results better fit with population conditions. We also propose a simple approach to compute the Value of Lost Load and we apply the methodology for a rural area of Uganda. The results show that the methodology identifies a reliable system which supplies electricity with a fair cost while minimizing the energy bill of the consumers.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have great potential for some high energy applications such as electric vehicles and smart grids due to the high capacity, natural abundance, low cost and environmental friendliness of sulfur. In this work, we use the metal cotton to absorb sulfur firmly as cathode material for Li–S batteries. The as-designed sulfur@metal cotton (S@MC) composite shows a good cycling stability and rate capability. The capacity is retained at 480mAhg−1 at 0.1C after 200 cycles. Furthermore, for higher rates, the S@MC cathode material also exhibits stable capacity during different periods.
Abstracts The effects of combinative Ca and rare earth (Samarium, Sm and Lanthanum, La) additions on the microstructures, electrochemical properties and discharge performance of the as-extruded Mg9%Al1%Zn (wt.%) anodes for magnesium-air batteries are systematically investigated. The combinative addition of Ca, Sm and La can bring additional Al2Ca and Al2(Sm,La,Ca) compound phase and reduce the grain size from 17.2 ± 1.9 μm to 11.7 ± 0.9 μm. The β-Mg17Al12 phase gets refined and dispersed with the Al2Ca phase in the matrx. The modified Mg9%Al1%Zn anodes have more positive corrosion potential and better corrosion resistance than the original. The addition of Sm and La strongly increases the desorption resistance of surface product. Mg9%Al1%Zn with Ca, Sm and La anode exhibits stable discharge voltage and good discharge performance. It has high discharge capacity and anodic efficiency of 1381 mA h·g−1 and 61.9%, respectively, at 40 mA·cm−2. The prior corrosion of grain boundaries makes bulk of α-Mg grains peel away along the grain boundaries, significantly reducing the anodic efficiency. The disperse particle phase around grain boundaries can serve as strong barriers so as to achieve uniform dissolution.
A hierarchical CuO nano-structure is prepared by directly growing CuO nanoflowers on carbon fiber fabric (CuO/CFF) via a hydrothermal method. The CuO/CFF is used as the electrode material of a supercapacitor for electrochemical energy storage. The supercapacitor displays superior electrochemical performance in aqueous electrolyte with the specific capacitance of 839.9F/g at the scan rate of 1mV/s, energy density of 10.05 Wh/kg and power density of 1798.5W/kg, which are the highest values for the CuO/CFF electrodes. Moreover, a flexible symmetric solid-state symmetric supercapacitor is also fabricated by using the CuO/CFF as electrodes. The solid-state supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 131.34F/g at the scan rate of 1mV/s with a power density of 145.12W/kg, and 95.8% capacitance retention after 2000 charge-discharge cycles.
Today the growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has completely reshaped the area of education. Even though the traditional form of education exists today, there is a fast expansion of web based learning. It facilitates the learners to access the learning sources from anywhere, at any time. Web based learning environments includes e-learning, mobile learning and pervasive learning. Mobile learning is the union of mobile computing technologies and e-learning. This type of learning environment enables the learners to access the learning materials from anywhere at any time. Pervasive computing, also named as ubiquitous computing is a rapidly developing area of ICT. The term refers to the integration of ICT into people's lives and environments. It enables authorized access to anytime-anywhere-any device-any network-any data. Devices used in mobile learning cannot obtain the context of learners. Pervasive mobile learning is learning enhanced with intelligent environment and context awareness. While the learner is moving with his/her mobile device, the system dynamically supports his/her learning by communicating with the embedded devices in the environment. So by the integration of pervasive computing and mobile learning technologies, users are enriched with a great learning experience. This paper study about how mobile learning technologies can utilize the technology of pervasive computing so that the learning process can be made very efficient and productive. The integration of mobile learning with pervasive computing may offer great innovations in the delivery of education in the coming years.
To develop a long-life secondary lithium battery using solid-state polymer electrolyte system, several factors of the polymer electrolyte were examined by using metal lithium and LiCoO2 electrodes. The lithium salts used were LiBF4, LiN(SO2CF3)2 (abbreviated as LiTFSI) and LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) (abbreviated as LiTNSI), and the matrix polymer was cross-linked random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Passivation films formed on the metal lithium surface after storage at 60°C were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The battery performance was found to depend significantly both on species and concentration of lithium salts. At present, our best achievement of the cycle ability for the 4V class secondary battery was over 300 cycles at a current rate of C/8 at 60°C by using LiTFSI.
A comprehensive analysis of the degradation mechanisms on the surface of commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 electrodes is presented. Irregularly distributed particle cracking and the formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase on the surface of the active material were identified to be the main degradation mechanisms. The particle cracking originates from inhomogeneity of the composite electrode, leading to deviations in the local current density and the state of charge which results in overcharge conditions for particular LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 particles. Therein, the highly delithiated structure suffers from anisotropic stress due to repulsive interactions between adjacent layers and the formation of new phases which eventually cause particle cracking. The structural changes were confirmed by the presence of a spinel phase on the surface of the cracked particles. Furthermore, the migration of transition metal ions in the highly delithiated structure can facilitate their dissolution into the electrolyte. The investigation of the re-deposited transition metals reveals a predominant dissolution of manganese from the overcharged particles. In addition, electrochemical cycling of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 electrodes in laboratory cells show an increasing severity of the particle cracking at higher C-rates which can influence the thermal stability of the active material. Moreover, an increased electrolyte decomposition was observed for higher cut-off potentials.
With the increasing popularity of Electric Vehicles (EVs), a large number of EV batteries are intensively reaching their end-of-life, which has posed substantial challenges in ecological protection and sustainable development. However, the traditional subsidy mechanism is not effective in the current recycling market. Moreover, it is not conducive for guiding the EV industry to reduce dependence on the governmental financial support. As the reward-penalty mechanism has been successfully applied in similar fields, such as the recycling of waste portable batteries, it is expected to become a feasible alternative policy to promote the recycling of retired EV batteries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the social-economic-environmental impacts of recycling retired EV batteries under reward-penalty mechanisms by developing a Stackelberg game theoretical model. Three scenarios are proposed and compared: S1 no policy intervention, S2 subsidy mechanism, and S3 reward-penalty mechanism. The obtained results show that:(i) Compared with the subsidy mechanism, the reward-penalty mechanism presents greater effects on recycling rate and the social welfare; (2) Under the subsidy mechanism, consumer surplus and the profit of EV manufacturer are two main driving factors of the social welfare. Under the reward-penalty mechanism, the reduced environmental burden tends to be another key contribution; (3) A relatively low minimum recycling rate favors the environmental benefit, consumer surplus and profit of EV manufacturer, while a relatively high minimum recycling rate is beneficial to reduce both the policy implementation cost and environmental burden caused by untreated EV batteries.
To optimize control of an avian influenza outbreak knowledge of within-flock transmission is needed. This study used field data to estimate the transmission rate parameter (β) and the influence of risk factors on within-flock transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 virus in the 2003 epidemic in The Netherlands. The estimation is based on back-calculation of daily mortality data to fit a susceptible-infectious-dead format, and these data were analysed with a generalized linear model. This back-calculation method took into account the uncertainty of the length of the latent period, the survival of an infection by some birds and the influence of farm characteristics. After analysing the fit of the different databases created by back-calculation, it could be concluded that an absence of the latency period provided the best fit. The transmission rate parameter (β) from these field data was estimated at 4.50 per infectious chicken per day (95% CI: 2.68–7.57), which was lower than what was reported from experimental data. In contrast to general belief, none of the studied risk factors (housing system, flock size, species, age of the birds in weeks and date of depopulation) had significant influence on the estimated β.
In order to reduce the vanadium ions permeability of membranes used in vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) while keeping its chemical stability, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/polypropylene (PP)/perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) layered composite membrane (we name it as S/P/P membrane) has been fabricated and characterized. In the S/P/P membrane, polypropylene plays a role of central layer, which is sandwiched by SPEEK and PFSA layer. Results show that S/P/P membrane presents a very low permeability of vanadium ions, accompanied by slightly higher area resistance than that of Nafion 212 membrane (N212). The VRB single cell with S/P/P membrane shows higher coulombic efficiency but lower voltage efficiency in comparison with the one with N212. The performance of VRB with S/P/P membrane can be maintained after more than 50 cycles. Our experimental results suggest that the S/P/P membrane approach is a promising strategy to suppress the migration of vanadium ions in VRB, while retaining an outstanding VRB performance.
The parenteral administration of combinations of drugs is often necessary in palliative medicine, particularly in the terminal stage of life, when patients are no longer able to take medication orally. The use of infusers to administer continuous subcutaneous infusions is a well-established practice in the palliative care setting and enables several drugs to be given simultaneously, avoiding the need for repeated administrations and the effects of peaks and troughs in the doses of medication. The method is also appreciated by patients and caregivers in the home care setting because the devices and infusion sites are easy to manage. Despite their frequent use, however, the mixtures of drugs adopted in clinical practice are sometimes not supported by reliable data concerning their chemical and physical compatibility. The present study investigates the chemical compatibility of binary mixtures (morphine with ketorolac) and the physical compatibility of binary (morphine or methadone with ketorolac) or ternary mixtures (morphine with ketorolac and/or haloperidol, and/or dexamethasone, and/or metoclopramide, and/or hyoscine butylbromide) with a view to reducing the aleatory nature of the empirical use of such combinations, thereby increasing their safety and clinical appropriateness.
Oxygen reduction and evolution reactions occur on the same electrode in metal-air batteries and in unitized reversible fuel cells. Bifunctional oxygen electrodes should be able to perform both reactions with good chemical stability over a wide range of potentials. Perovskites are recognized for their good activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, a La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3 perovskite (LSFCO) is proposed and investigated for operation as both oxygen reduction and evolution catalyst in an aqueous alkaline solution. In order to improve the conductivity of the electrode, LSFCO is mixed with a high surface area conductive carbon black. The so-obtained catalyst is investigated in a half-cell by using a three-electrode configuration, in a KOH solution at ambient temperature, and compared to a Pd/C catalyst. Thinking of a possible use in a rechargeable metal-air battery operating in aqueous media (such as Fe-air, Zn-air, etc.), LSFCO has been subjected to charge-discharge cycles at high current density. Results have proved that although LSFCO is less active than Pd/C for the oxygen reduction reaction, it is significantly more active for the oxygen evolution reaction. Besides, the LSFCO-based catalyst shows enhanced stability when subjected to charge-discharge cycles. The low cost of the perovskite and a good compromise between activity and stability, makes it a promising catalyst for electrochemical devices requiring bifunctionality.