batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Silicon (Si) is a promising high-capacity anode material for the next-generation of rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Though there are formidable challenges from the large volumetric change during lithiation, well-designed nanostructure and reduced size of Si can remarkably alleviate the negative effects. Herein we apply a magnesiothermic reduction process to synthesize interconnected Si nanoparticles in large quantities. Earth abundant clay of halloysite with tubular structure has been used as silica precursor after acid washing. A high Si yield can be achieved upon pressing the precursor powder into a pallet before reduction. The obtained interconnected Si nanoparticles exhibit a high specific capacity of 3752.4 mA h g−1 for the first cycle at1 A g−1 and 1469.0 mA h g−1 after 400th cycles at current density of 3.5 A g−1. Even tested at 5 A g−1 for 1000 cycles, a high capacity of 735.1 mA h g−1 is obtained. The rate capability is also evaluated and a high capacity of 1050 mA h g−1 is achieved at 10 A g−1.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences among strength, speed and endurance in 11-13 age girls and boys and development of these biomotor abilities according to age. Totally 305 children have joined this study. Height, weight, standing broad jump, 20 m. Sprint run, 15 s crunch test, 10 s. Push-up test, 20m. Shuttle Run tests (Eurofit Tests batteries) have been measured. The differences obtained from the test results between girls and boys who joined the study have been analysed. In both groups at age of 11 and 13 significant differences were found between all parameters (p<0,05). Between weight and standing broad jump, 15 s crunch test significant differences were found on children at age of 12.
One-dimension MnCo2O4 nanowire arrays are synthesized on nickel foam by a facile hydrothermal method. The MnCo2O4 nanowires are highly crystalline with an average diameter of 70nm and exhibit excellent properties for electrochemical energy storage. Impressively, the MnCo2O4 nanowire array exhibits noticeable pseudocapacitive performance with a high capacitance of 349.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 328.9 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 as well as excellent cycling stability. As an anode material for Li-ion batteries, the MnCo2O4 nanowire array delivers an initial specific discharge capacity of 1288.6 mAh g−1 at 100mAg−1, with reversible capacity retention of 92.7% after 50 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performances are mainly attributed to its nanowire array architecture which provides large reaction surface area, fast ion and electron transfer and good structure stability.
The recognition of environmental sounds is an important feature of higher auditory processing and essential for everyday life. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impairment of this mental function in schizophrenia. This work on immediate sound recognition is complementary to recent studies on auditory linguistic processing. Fifteen schizophrenic patients and 30 control subjects were asked to identify 43 complex environmental sounds from different categories and rate their familiarity when naïve to the sounds. In consecutive experiments, patients and control subjects rated the sounds according to emotional valence and arousal, as well as imageability. In both groups, correct identification of non-verbal sounds was highly associated with familiarity. Statistical analysis by group demonstrated a significantly higher error rate in identifying sounds in patients suffering from schizophrenia compared to healthy control subjects. In contrast, the affective recognition of the complex sounds was preserved in the schizophrenic patients. These results suggest a disturbance of higher-order, auditory mnemonic processing in schizophrenic patients in the non-linguistic domain. We discuss their abnormal responses in the context of recent theories of auditory physiological and semantic processing deficits in schizophrenia.
For the first time, a LiFePO4/C core–shell nanocomposite has been synthesized using a nano-FePO4/polythiophene (PTh) as an iron source. With this method, the PTh is in situ polymerized to restrain the growth of FePO4 particles, and the typical size of FePO4/PTh particles is in the range of 20–50nm. The optimized LiFePO4/C nanocomposite is synthesized at 750°C using 40% citric acid. The prepared LiFePO4 particles show a typical size of 50–100nm and they are fully coated by carbon of 2–4nm thickness. The LiFePO4/C core–shell nanocomposite gives an improved high electronic conductivity and a good electrochemical behavior at high rates. Thus, this novel method is an effective and facile strategy to improve the rate performance of the LiFePO4 cathode.
A hierarchical hybrid of SnO2 nanoparticles encased in graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) are synthesized by a facile, scalable and green method. The effect of different ratio of Sn2+/GONRs in microstructure and electrochemical performance is studied systematically. Both scanning electron microscopy images and transmission electron microscopy images show that SnO2 nanoparticles are anchored onto the surface of GONRs and encased by GONRs to form an integrative framework firmly. The hybrid demonstrated an outstanding rate capability and cycling stability. The highest discharge capacity can reach 514mAhg−1 at rates of 2000mAg−1. Even after 300 cycles, the reversible capacity remains 452mAhg−1 with a retention of 62.7% at current density of 1000mAg−1, which can be attributed to the synergetic effects of SnO2 encased in GONRs.
Through this paper we want to study the relationship between the presence of A.D.H.D and the capacity of solving problems at children. Also, we do want the operalisation of the A.D.H.D concept, and we want to find an instrument to study this variable. It was also our goal to identify the relationship between the presence of A.D.H.D and the capacity of solving problems at children. The A.D.H.D variable was identified through the Evaluation Scale of A.D.H.D, Dr George Du Paul being the author. Regarding the hypothesis, the work was started from the ideea that it exists a negative correlation between A.D.H.D and the control paper grade. It exists a negative correlation between A.D.H.D (attention deficit-hyperactivity factor) and the control paper grade and the last hypothesis was that it exists a negative correlation between A.D.H.D (impulsivity-hyperactivity factor) and the control paper grade. The intelectual performance of the subjects was measured through the C.P.M. test, and the capacity of solving problems was identified through a five mathematics problems control paper.The research was made on a group of eighty subjects(45 girls and 35 boys), pupils in the first grade, with ages betwen 7 and 8 years. though it is difficult to deal with a child who has A.D.H.D, this one can succesfully learn and study, and can change his unusual behaviour as long as he|she receives professional help.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) enhances pro-inflammatory responses, neuronal loss and long-term behavioral deficits. Caveolins (Cavs) are regulators of neuronal and glial survival signaling. Previously we showed that astrocyte and microglial activation is increased in Cav-1 knock-out (KO) mice and that Cav-1 and Cav-3 modulate microglial morphology. We hypothesized that Cavs may regulate cytokine production after TBI.
The global crisis of the hazardous electronic waste (E-waste) is on the rise due to increasing usage and disposal of electronic devices. A process was developed to treat E-waste in an environmentally benign process. The process consisted of thermal plasma treatment followed by recovery of metal values through mineral acid leaching. In the thermal process, the E-waste was melted to recover the metal values as a metallic mixture. The metallic mixture was subjected to acid leaching in presence of depolarizer. The leached liquor mainly contained copper as the other elements like Al and Fe were mostly in alloy form as per the XRD and phase diagram studies. Response surface model was used to optimize the conditions for leaching. More than 90% leaching efficiency at room temperature was observed for Cu, Ni and Co with HCl as the solvent, whereas Fe and Al showed less than 40% efficiency.
Core–shell structured nano-Si/C (n-Si/C) anode material for Li ion batteries was prepared by substrate induced coagulation (SIC) method with nano-Si (n-Si) as core component and amorphous carbon as shell. The electronic conducting amorphous carbon shell of 5–10nm thickness which connected each n-Si particle like frog spawn shape not only buffered volume expansion of Si particles during the cycling but also acted as an electrical conducting pathway. This n-Si/C core–shell structured electrode showed a highly reversible capacity c.a. 1800mAhg−1 over 50 cycles, superior rate capability and good cycle retention.
Herein, we report a novel strategy for preparing a highly homogeneous nanocoating for Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides by the elemental Al doping followed by chemical conversion in phosphate buffer solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results exhibit that there exist AlPO4 nanocoating on the surface of particles. The resultant AlPO4-nanocoated Li[Li0.2Ni0.11Co0.11Mn0.54Al0.04]O2 particles exhibit a greatly enhanced reversible capacity with superior thermal stabilities in relative to pristine Li[Li0.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2. Under a current density of 30 mA g−1, the AlPO4-nanocoated Li[Li0.2Ni0.11Co0.11Mn0.54Al0.04]O2 can deliver a specific capacity of 282.1 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 89% after 35 cycles.
We describe a new hydrothermal vent sampler, LAREDO, designed to capture hot fluids and incubate them in situ at conditions characteristic of deep-sea hydrothermal vents for periods of hours to days. To accomplish this, LAREDO was engineered to operate at ambient pressures to 6000-m water depth (600bar), in the flow of hot (to 420°C) acidic (to pH of 3) effluent with large particle loads and fast flow rates (>1ms−1). Key features of the LAREDO sampler include the novel application (in this environment) of a torsion bar to generate the energy required to seal the sample chambers, independent and continuous temperature records in two of the three sample chambers, and remote (electronic) or manual (by submersible) modes of closure. Results of LAREDO's first operational field tests on smokers at 9°51′N×104°18′W along the East Pacific Rise indicated successful capture of vent fluid (up to 91% pure effluent by analysis of magnesium content) without leaks after tests of several different instrument configurations. High-resolution temperature records (a datum every 2s for each thermocoupled chamber) indicated achievement of high temperatures (>150°C) in at least one chamber on all dives. The field tests also pointed to simple modifications of LAREDO's design that will improve its ability to monitor the temperature of the captured fluids and to close autonomously on the seafloor. With these improvements and its demonstrated capacity for in situ capture and incubation, LAREDO represents a useful new tool to expand upon biological and geochemical research in the harsh smoker environment.
Branched sulfonated polyimide (bSPI) membranes based on three different non-sulfonated diamine monomers were fabricated for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) usage. Both FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra confirm that bSPIs were successfully synthesized. TGA results show that bSPI membranes have good thermal stability. FESEM pictures indicate that the surface of membrane in contact with catholyte keeps better integrity than that in contact with anolyte after 500-time cycling charge-discharge test. The water uptake, ion exchange capacity, mechanical strength of bSPI membranes are larger than or close to those of Nafion 117 membrane, and bSPI membranes exhibit remarkably lower vanadium ion permeability compared with Nafion 117 membrane. In addition, bSPI membranes have outstanding chemical stability in contrast with linear SPI membrane in ex-situ degradation test. Further, the bSPI (BAPP) membrane displays the best chemical stability and highest proton selectivity (1.23×105 Smincm−3) among all bSPI membranes, thus it is seen as an optimum one for further single VRFB test. During 500-time cyclic charge-discharge test, the coulomb efficiency (CE: 97.1∼99.7%) of VRFB containing bSPI (BAPP) membrane is higher than that containing Nafion 117 (CE: 95.2∼98.6%) at 30∼120mAcm−2. The VRFB using bSPI (BAPP) membrane presents higher or comparable energy efficiency (EE) and capacity retention compared with that using Nafion 117 membrane at low or high current density. Based on the excellent physico-chemical properties and single cell performance together with much lower cost compared with widely used Nafion 117 membrane, the as-prepared bSPI (BAPP) membrane has great potential to be applied in VRFB.
In this study, self-standing, binder-free ZIF-9 derived Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composites were synthesized via electrospinning and post thermal treatment for use as the cathode in a non-aqueous Li-air battery. Due to possessing a three-dimensional cross-linked web structure, Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composites are used directly as the cathode for Li-air batteries without the use of any binders or conductive metal foam, thus alleviating undesirable chemical reactions. We confirm that metallic cobalt (Co) in ZIF-9 is successfully oxidized to cobalt oxide (Co3O4) following two thermal treatment steps by analysis of XRD and XPS. The initial discharge capacity of Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composites exceeds 760 mAh g−1, which is a much higher discharge capacity compared to pristine carbon nanofiber (72 mAh g−1). Additionally, Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composite based cells exhibit improved cycling properties and a lower charge overpotential at various current densities. The improved electrochemical properties of the Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composites are attributed to the catalytic activity and stable contact with the homogeneously distributed Co3O4 in the carbon nanofiber structure. This work demonstrates that the synthesized Co3O4/carbon nanofiber composites could possibly be applied for use as next generation electrode materials for energy storage and conversion devices, particularly Li-air batteries.
Intentionally adding potassium carbonate to the high molar alkaline electrolyte is one possibility to mitigate the negative impact of carbonation in zinc air batteries (ZABs) that were investigated in this novel study. In this work, an experimental analysis of the electrochemical performance of ZABs with added potassium carbonate in potassium hydroxide electrolyte was conducted. The experiments included polarization curve measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, and constant current discharge with an in-house battery set-up. In addition, ionic conductivity was measured for mixtures of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate solutions. The results implied that up to 50 mol% of added potassium carbonate in the electrolyte had a weaker influence on the cell performance than a decreased amount of hydroxide ions in the electrolyte from 21.9 to 1.8 mol%. However, discharge measurements showed that the cell potential and the maximum state-of-discharge are decreased for the operation with 50.00 mol% of added potassium carbonate. The conductivity measurements revealed that solutions with 9
Estuaries are under great anthropogenic pressure. The presence of contaminants such as trace metals, organics and organometallics in the Haihe basin, Baohai Bay China indicates a deterioration of environmental quality. In this study the ecological status of three estuaries in Haihe basin was evaluated in relation to the presence of trace metals. An integrated biomarker response index (IBR) method was applied that combined biomarker responses in natural periphyton present on surface sediment with general “stress index”. Sediment samples were collected at 11 sites throughout three estuaries of Haihe basin (Luanhe, Haihe and Zhangweixin) during three seasons. The IBR values indicated that the temporal variation of biological status was autumn (3.35) < spring (3.38) < summer (4.07) (The higher the value, the worse the biological status), while the spatial variation was Zhangweixin (0.73) < Luanhe (3.31) < Haihe (6.96) in spring and autumn, and Luanhe (1.79) < Zhangweixin (3.64) < Haihe (7.69) in summer. The risk quotients of trace metals in sediment samples were calculated based on the corresponding Effects Rang Low values. The temporal variation of risk quotients was autumn (10.76) < spring (11.78) < summer (15.99), while the estuarine variation was Luanhe (8.47) < Zhangweixin (12.29) < Haihe (19.42). The IBR values and risk quotients were fitted into cubic regression equations. It is proven that the good assessment of periphyton integrated biomarker responses to biological status and contaminated risk in estuarine zones.
Background Cognitive impairment can reduce the self-care abilities of heart failure patients. Theory and preliminary evidence suggest that self-care confidence may mediate the relationship between cognition and self-care, but further study is needed to validate this finding. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of self-care confidence between specific cognitive domains and heart failure self-care. Design Secondary analysis of data from a descriptive study. Settings Three out-patient sites in Pennsylvania and Delaware, USA. Participants A sample of 280 adults with chronic heart failure, 62 years old on average and mostly male (64.3%). Methods Data on heart failure self-care and self-care confidence were collected with the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index 6.2. Data on cognition were collected by trained research assistants using a neuropsychological test battery measuring simple and complex attention, processing speed, working memory, and short-term memory. Sociodemographic data were collected by self-report. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical record. Mediation analysis was performed with structural equation modeling and indirect effects were evaluated with bootstrapping. Results Most participants had at least 1 impaired cognitive domain. In mediation models, self-care confidence consistently influenced self-care and totally mediated the relationship between simple attention and self-care and between working memory and self-care (comparative fit index range: .929–.968; root mean squared error of approximation range: .032–.052). Except for short-term memory, which had a direct effect on self-care maintenance, the other cognitive domains were unrelated to self-care. Conclusions Self-care confidence appears to be an important factor influencing heart failure self-care even in patients with impaired cognition. As few studies have successfully improved cognition, interventions addressing confidence should be considered as a way to improve self-care in this population.
Piezoelectric energy conversion that generate electric energy from ambient mechanical and vibrational movements is promising energy harvesting technology because it can use more accessible energy resources than other renewable natural energy. In particular, flexible and stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesters which can harvest the tiny biomechanical motions inside human body into electricity properly facilitate not only the self-powered energy system for flexible and wearable electronics but also sensitive piezoelectric sensors for motion detectors and in vivo diagnosis kits. Since the piezoelectric ZnO nanowires (NWs)-based energy harvesters (nanogenerators) were proposed in 2006, many researchers have attempted the nanogenerator by using the various fabrication process such as nanowire growth, electrospinning, and transfer techniques with piezoelectric materials including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer and perovskite ceramics. In 2012, the composite-based nanogenerators were developed using simple, low-cost, and scalable methods to overcome the significant issues with previously-reported energy harvester, such as insufficient output performance and size limitation. This review paper provides a brief overview of flexible and stretchable piezoelectric nanocomposite generator for realizing the self-powered energy system with development history, power performance, and applications.
This paper used foot-operated fitness equipment, a power generation system and a biomedical measurement system to construct a fitness system for fitness exercise, energy storage and diagnosing the user’s movement conditions. The diagnostic mode is that the rotation speed and output power of pedal-dynamo are converted into the mileage and calorie consumption of the user’s pedaling movement. Second, the biomedical measurement module can diagnose the user’s movement health status timely according to the heartbeat signals and the consumed calories while the user is in exercise. The diagnostic data were integrated using touch tablet PC and LabVIEW software for the image controlled man-machine interface. The user can observe the real-time motion state through the virtual instrument interface. The built-in program can diagnose the health status, and count the total generation and movement process after exercise.
Aitken ME, Mele N, Barrett KW. Recovery of injured children: parent perspectives on family needs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:567–73. Objective To study the broader impact of emotional and financial burdens of injury in children on their families, along with solutions to these problems. Design Focus groups were conducted to reveal the needs of parents and children after injury. Audiotaped semistructured interviews were conducted by a team of qualitative researchers. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Participants Mothers of children who had sustained traumatic injury. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Summary of reported themes of experience and suggested interventions. Data were analyzed by using content analysis software. Results Overall satisfaction with care was high. Parents expressed concerns with communication, access to care, and the transition both within the phases of medical care and from medical care into the community. Consistent financial and social stressors were voiced, along with the need for peer support during all phases of care. Conclusions Parents provided valuable insight into their needs after their child’s injury. Attention to constructive communication, clarification of the system of care, continued family-centered care, and development of peer support programs may meet the needs of caregivers and therefore facilitate improvement in pediatric injury recovery.