batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Reversible bio-inspired chemical hydrogen storage systems accumulate electrical energy in the form of electrons and proton ions located on biomolecules or bio-like storage molecules. Electro-active biomolecules (EAB) in Yeast media show such behavior: 2e− + 2H+ + EAB(aq)+ ⇆ EABH/H(aq)+, also electro-active Methylene Blue (MB): 2e− + 2H+ + MB(aq)+ ⇆ MBH/H(aq)+. The power characteristics of microbial fuel cell stacks equipped with such bio-inspired hydrogen storage systems were examined. E. coli cultures charged these bio-inspired separate chemical hydrogen storage units up to E = 0.50 ± 0.06 V; cell potentials increased proportionally in serial double, triple, and quadruple hydrogen storage stacks up to EOCV = 1.98 V; the maximum power densities that were obtained improved proportionally with stack length by an increment of 1.4. The bio-inspired chemical hydrogen storage principle is of great interest for application in low-cost batteries that store renewable energy.
German hardmetals producer H C Starck has sold its battery products business to Toda Kogyo Corporation of Japan, for an undisclosed amount. The companies began a business relationship in 2003 when they jointly developed new battery cathode materials. Starck has supplied Toda Kogyo with precursor materials from its Sarnia plant in Canada.
In this paper a new stochastic-heuristic methodology for the optimisation of the electrical supply of stand-alone (off-grid) hybrid systems (photovoltaic-wind-diesel with battery storage) is shown. The objective is to minimise the net present cost of the system. The stochastic optimisation is developed by means of Monte Carlo simulation, which takes into account the uncertainties of irradiation, temperature, wind speed and load (correlated Gaussian random variables), using their probability density functions and the variance-covariance matrix. Also the uncertainty of diesel fuel price inflation rate was considered. The heuristic approach uses genetic algorithms to obtain the optimal system (or a solution near the optimal) in a reasonable computation time. This methodology includes an accurate weighted Ah-throughput battery model with several control variables, which can be set in the modern battery controllers or inverter/chargers with State of Charge control. A case study is analysed as an example of the application of this methodology, obtaining the stochastic optimisation an optimal system similar to the one obtained by the deterministic optimisation. It is recommended to perform first the deterministic optimisation (with low computation time), then the search space should be reduced and finally the stochastic optimisation can be obtained in a reasonable computation time.
The new electrolyte systems utilizing one type of Lewis acids, the boron based anion receptors (BBARs) with LiF, Li2O, or Li2O2 in carbonate solutions have been developed and reported by us. These systems open up a new approach in developing non-aqueous electrolytes with higher operating voltage and less moisture sensitivity for lithium-ion batteries. However, the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the graphitized anodes is a serious problem needs to be solved for these new electrolyte systems, especially when propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a co-solvent. Using lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) as an additives, the SEI layer formation on mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB) anode is significantly enhanced in these new electrolytes containing boron-based anion receptors, such as tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane, and lithium salt such as LiF, or lithium oxides such as Li2O or Li2O2 in PC and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solvents. The cells using these electrolytes and MCMB anodes cycled very well and the PC co-intercalation was suppressed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies show that one of the electrochemical decomposition products of LiBOB, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), plays a quite important role in the stablizing SEI layer formation.
Employing an elastic lattice gas (LG) model we investigate the intercalation of ions into a host material, undergoing a sequence of structural transformations (monoclinic→tetragonal→cubic). It is shown that an effective potential for the ions results from the intercalation-induced restructuring of the host. This interaction induces distinct peaks (one is sharp, while the other is broad) in the current–concentration diagram. The sharp peak signals a droplet formation around the domain walls separating the host domains of different symmetry (monoclinic→tetragonal). The broad peak may be associated with a continuous (order–disorder) transition (tetragonal→cubic). Theoretical results agree well with experimental data for Li x WO3 and Na x WO3.
Objective Cognition is affected by circadian rhythms over the course of a day. Circadian rhythms in cognitive functioning are driven by a variety of both endogenous and exogenous factors. Patients with schizophrenia are known to have disturbed circadian rhythms that can affect their cognitive functioning. We examined the impact of time of day on cognitive test scores from subjects participating in clinical trials of potential pro-cognitive therapies for schizophrenia and then explored how this diurnal variation affected signal detection. Method Baseline data from 8 separate schizophrenia clinical trials using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were aggregated (Total N=2032). The MCCB assessments were divided into five 2-hour time intervals based on the start-time of the assessments (varying from 8:00am to 5:59pm) and then analyzed for differences by time interval. Next, data from two Phase 2 schizophrenia clinical trials of potential pro-cognitive therapies were analyzed to explore the impact of this diurnal variation on placebo separation. Results Time of day exerted a significant effect on baseline composite MCCB scores (p=.002). Follow-up comparisons revealed significant differences among multiple temporal epochs. In both Phase 2 clinical trials, subjects whose cognitive functioning was assessed at consistent times of day between their baseline and endpoint visits showed a more robust treatment response as compared to subjects assessed at inconsistent times of day. Conclusion Cognitive functioning ebbs and flows over the course of the day. Maintaining consistency in the time of day of cognitive test administrations between visits can help to reduce the noise introduced by circadian rhythms, thereby enhancing signal detection in clinical trials of potential pro-cognitive therapies.
We report the use of cross-linked hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) as a commercially available, eco-friendly, water-soluble, efficient polymer binder for silicon anode of lithium ion battery for the first time. Compared with traditional one-dimensional linear binders, the PEI with 3-dimensional topological hyperbranched structure and high density of amino groups can facilitate stronger multidimensional hydrogen-bonding interactions with silicon nanoparticles which may more effectively buffer large volume change of silicon particles during lithiation/delithiation process. In addition, the cross-linked 3-dimensional network of PEI limits movement of silicon nanoparticles and maintains integrity of the anode. Through optimizing the amount of cross-linking agent, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, to balance bonding reversibility and mechanical strength of PEI, the cross-linked Si/PEI anode shows significantly improved cycling performance with a specific capacity of 2180 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles.
Transition metal chalcogenides are considered as promising materials for lithium-ion battery, however, the application in practical devices is still hampered by their poor cycling performance and rate capability. In this work, we design and construct sandwich-like Cu2-xSe@C@MoSe2 nanosheets to enhance the cycling and rate performances of Cu2-xSe. The reversible capacity could be retained at 432 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1. At 2000 mA g−1, the specific capacity still retains at 163 mAh g−1. The improved lithium storage performance can be attributed to its structural features, which enhance the electrical conductivity, buffer the volume change as well as increase their structural stability during cycling.
Residential demand profiles typically demonstrate a mismatch between energy demand and PV supply. Different solutions are proposed, such as demand side management and energy storage systems. Nevertheless, costs and environmental impacts of some technologies (e.g. batteries) are high. This paper proposes two system designs: Home Energy Storage (HES) and Community Energy Storage (CES). Besides electricity storage, heat storage is used in the two system designs to supply domestic hot water and space heating. Furthermore, the trade-offs between the different storage mediums in relation to costs are analyzed. To achieve that, different methodologies are used to size the electricity and heat storage mediums for HES and CES. Next, a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model is developed to optimize the operation costs and CO 2 -emissions for each system design. After that, the model is tested on a residential community situated in Cernier (Switzerland). The results demonstrate that CES performs better than HES on economic and environmental performance due to economies of scale and the optimally sized storage capacity of the battery in CES. Currently, none of the proposed system designs is economically feasible. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that a profitable system design can be obtained for both HES and CES, when the electricity storage (i.e. battery storage) size is reduced and the heat storage (i.e. water storage tank) size is increased.
Closed-loop neurostimulation devices that stimulate the brain to treat epileptic seizures have shown great promise in treating more than a third of the 2 million people with epilepsy in the United States alone whose seizures are currently nonresponsive to pharmaceutical treatment. Seizure detection algorithms facilitate responsive therapeutic intervention that is believed to increase the efficacy of neurostimulation by improving on its spatial and temporal specificity. Translating these signal processing algorithms into battery-powered, implantable devices poses a number of challenges that severely limit the computational power of the chosen algorithm. We propose a cascaded two-stage seizure detection algorithm that is computationally efficient (resulting in a low-power hardware implementation) without compromising on detection efficacy. Unlike traditional detection algorithms, the proposed technique does not explicitly require a “training” phase from individual to individual and, instead, relies on using features that result in distinct “patterns” at the electrographic seizure onset. We tested the algorithm on spontaneous clinical seizures recorded using depth electrodes from patients with focal intractable epilepsy and annotated by epileptologists at the University of Freiburg Medical Center, via the Freiburg database. The algorithm performs with a specificity and sensitivity of 99.82 and 87.5%, detecting seizures in less than 9.08% of their duration after onset. The proposed technique is also shown to be computationally efficient, facilitating low-power hardware implementation. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated Seizure Detection and Prediction.
The ascomycin macrolactam pimecrolimus is a novel inflammatory cytokine release inhibitor that so far has not been administered systemically to humans. In this phase I/II randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple rising dose proof of concept study psoriasis patients were treated with oral pimecrolimus or placebo. Gene profiling identified a common genomic profile with a downregulation of genes associated with inflammation but no changes in gene expression linked to drug-related side-effects. A steady state of pimecrolimus was reached after 5–10 d, Cmax, and area under the curve (0–24) was 54.5 ng per ml and 589.9 ng h per ml, respectively, at steady state at the highest dose. There was clear clinical efficacy in patients receiving 20 mg pimecrolimus twice daily and 30 mg twice daily with a reduction of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index by 60% and 75%, respectively. Histopatho logically and immunopathologically there was a reversion of the psoriatic phenotype towards normal. There were no notable clinical, laboratory, kidney function, or immunologic side-effects. We conclude that pimecrolimus taken orally is highly effective in a concentration-dependent manner in patients with psoriasis and on a short-term basis it is well tolerated and this is confirmed by its pharmacogenomic profile. The latter also indicates that pimecrolimus should be equally effective in other inflammatory skin diseases.
Two types of titanium dioxide samples precipitated from aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride are investigated. Crystalline materials are obtained by means of neutralization of TiCl4 with the solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. The change of the order of mixing leads to amorphous materials. The evolution of the samples upon the thermal treatment is characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM and porosity studies. The application of crystalline TiO2 as an electrode material in lithium-ion 2016 sample cells enable one to yield specific currents up to 3350mAg−1. On the other hand, the thermal treatment of initially amorphous materials does not lead to complete crystallization, and the presence of amorphous TiO2 is well seen as the so-called capacity behavior of cyclic voltammetry curves.
Corporate environmental/sustainability reporting is a growing trend among top global companies. In many cases, these reports have been made available online. Although the internet has provided reporting companies with a new channel to convey environmental information to the public, effective use of this media requires careful thought. Usability is a primary consideration that is not being addressed in many online corporate environmental/sustainability reports (CER). Often, these reports are difficult for users to locate from the corporate homepage, the search option does not render the correct page, some are only available in PDF format, and navigation within the report can be difficult. Current online reporting can also be ineffective if the technology is not oriented towards a framework of maximizing stakeholder value. If approached properly, internet technology allows for interactivity between a company and its stakeholders, provision of real-time updates of information and specialized information retrieval depending on the needs of users. This paper focuses on the current state of online CER reporting and suggests methods and practices for enhancing stakeholder value.
Effective conservation of large predators requires a broad understanding of their ecology. Caranx ignobilis is a large marine predator well represented in coral reef environments, yet they are poorly studied. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to track the movements of 20 C. ignobilis at offshore reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef from 2012 to 2014. Using a modelling approach, temporal changes in movement patterns of C. ignobilis were explored to determine if individuals exhibited predictable movement patterns. The effects of biological and environmental variables on monthly space use, daily presence and hourly depth use were investigated to define any response to environmental changes.
The Si–C–O glass-like compound (a-SiCO) was applied to a negative electrode of a lithium hybrid capacitor (LHC) with activated carbon positive electrodes. The performance as a negative electrode (by a three-electrode system) and LHC (by a two-electrode system) was evaluated in LiClO4 (EC–DEC) and LiBF4 (PC) electrolytes. With a-SiCO reversible insertion/extraction of lithium ions at high current densities (0.5–2.0Ag−1) was possible. By prior short-circuiting of the negative electrode with lithium metal in the electrolytes for appropriate periods, the charge/discharge performance of the assembled LHC compared favorably with an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) made of the activated carbon used for LHC. The cycle performance of the LHC was better but the capacitance was smaller in the LiBF4 (PC) electrolyte than in LiClO4 (EC–DEC) electrolyte. Smaller capacitance is mainly due to lower electric conductivity and higher viscosity of LiBF4 (PC) electrolyte than LiClO4 (EC–DEC) electrolyte. The energy density of the assembled LHC reached a maximum of about three times that of EDLC, with the power density comparable to that of the EDLC.
Copper tin sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (CTS/RGO) composites are facile synthesized via a simple one-pot hydrothermal route using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-Na2) as a chelating agent. The results of Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrate that graphite oxide (GO) sheets are in situ reduced to a certain extent. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that CTS microspheres, with an average diameter of 450nm around, are anchored on RGO sheets. Electrochemical tests show the CTS/RGO composites exhibit an extraordinary capacity of 1514.6 mAh g−1 with a higher initial coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability and better rate capability compared to Cu2SnS3 hollow microspheres (CTS-HMSs) prepared by a similar route in the absence of GO. The enhancement in the electrochemical performance can be attributed to the introduction of RGO sheets that not only accommodate the volume changes and therefore bring the structural integrity of electrode materials, but also provide a highly conductive network for rapid electron transport in electrode during electrochemical reaction.
Electrochemical kinetics of Ce(IV), Cr(III) and V(IV) and their diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) complexes are studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) on Pt-electrode. Kinetic parameters such as potential, limiting current, transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficients, and rate constants were examined. The EIS results confirm the results from CV and are in good agreement with the obtained experimental data. The Cr–DTPA complex rate constant of 2.1×10−4 cms−1, diffusion coefficient of 1.9×10−6 cm2 s−1 and the V–DTPA complex rate constant of 2.2×10−4 cms−1 and diffusion coefficient of 4.9×10−4 cm2 s−1 were obtained and compared with the Ce(IV)–DTPA complex. The Ce(IV)–DTPA complex appear to better satisfy the requirement of a suitable electrolyte for RFB applications than Cr(III)–DTPA and V(IV)–DTPA complexes.
Optimal coordinated charging of plugged-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in smart grid (SG) can be beneficial for both consumers and utilities. This paper proposes a hybrid optimal online followed by overnight charging coordination of high and low priority PEVs using discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) that considers the benefits of both consumers and electric utilities. Objective functions are online minimization of total cost (associated with grid losses and energy generation) and overnight valley filling through minimization of the total load levels. The constraints include substation transformer loading, node voltage regulations and the requested final battery state of charge levels (SOC req ). The main challenge is optimal selection of the overnight starting time (t optimal-overnight,start ) to guarantee charging of all vehicle batteries to the SOC req levels before the requested plug-out times (t req ) which is done by simultaneously solving the online and overnight objective functions. The online-overnight PEV coordination approach is implemented on a 449-node SG; results are compared for uncoordinated and coordinated battery charging as well as a modified strategy using cost minimizations for both online and overnight coordination. The impact of t optimal-overnight,start on performance of the proposed PEV coordination is investigated.
The effect of internal resistance on the electrochemical processes of microbial fuel cell is demonstrated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The decrease in solution resistance and increase in charge transfer resistance influenced the performance of microbial fuel cell over time. To understand the effect of the parameters on the electrochemical processes a lumped equivalent circuit model for activated charcoal based microbial fuel cell and the Equivalent circuit fitting model of Nyquist plot for graphite based microbial fuel cell is adopted. The Equivalent circuit models predicted negligible activation polarization for activated charcoal electrode assembly and significant activation polarization for graphite electrode assembly. The rationale behind this observation could be due to the higher affinity for biofilm formation on activated charcoal in comparison to graphite. The efficiency of the microbial fuel cell went down with time as the electrochemical kinetics predominates over biochemical kinetics. The Maximum power density and current density measured are (i) 8mW/m2 and 103mA/m2 respectively for activated charcoal based microbial fuel cell, (ii) 1015mW/m2 and 11803.5mA/m2 respectively for graphite electrodes based microbial fuel cells. The power density is 7.6 times higher than the literature data of 133mW/m2 for graphite based microbial fuel cells.
Low-grade heat (below 200 °C) is available in vast quantities from industry, or from standard roof-top solar thermal collectors. However, the production of electric power from these heat sources is challenging with existing technologies. Thermally regenerative batteries allow both the conversion and the storage of thermal energy into electric power, but they suffer from low operation voltages and low output power. Here, we propose a thermally regenerative nanoslurry flow battery based on copper complexation with acetonitrile in non-aqueous solutions operating at voltages above 1 V. The Cu(I) complex can be destabilized by the removal of acetonitrile by distillation, leading to the production of solid copper nanoparticles and Cu(II) in solution, thereby charging the battery. We demonstrate the electricity production at average power densities of 90 W m−2 and peak-power densities up to 150 W m−2, and estimate the theoretical efficiency of the full system at 2%. The results demonstrate a proof-of-concept for harvesting and storage of electricity from low-quality heat.
Transition metal oxides have been extensively studied and utilized as efficient catalysts. However, the strongly correlated behavior which often results in intriguing emergent phenomena in these materials has been mostly overlooked in understanding the electrochemical activities. Here, we demonstrate a close correlation between the phase transitions and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in strongly correlated SrRuO3. By systematically introducing Ru–O vacancies into the single-crystalline SrRuO3 epitaxial thin films, we induced a phase transition in crystalline symmetry which resulted in the corresponding modification of the electronic structure. The modified electronic structure significantly affects the electrochemical activities, so a 30% decrease in the overpotential for the OER activity was achieved. Our study suggests that a substantial enhancement in the OER activity can be realized even within single material systems, by rational design and engineering of their crystal and electronic structures.