batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Uniform MgCo2O4 nanocone arrays (NCAs) grown radially on three-dimensional (3D) nickel foams were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal process. These MgCo2O4 NCAs were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The MgCo2O4 NCAs were directly used as a binder-free integrated electrode for electrochemical pseudocapacitors. The electrode yielded a high specific capacitance of 750 F g−1 with high cycling ability at a charge-discharge current density of 1 A g−1 (84.0% of initial specific capacitance was remained after 1000cycles) and it was much higher compared with the powder MgCo2O4 (320 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). Evidently, MgCo2O4 NCAs achieved excellent electrochemical performance owing to the unique 3D nickel-foam-based in-situ self-assembly, which accelerated electron transport and diffusion as well as intimate electrode/electrolyte contact. The remarkable performance of the aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device without addition of binders or conductive additive is attributed to the close-knit combination of MgCo2O4 nanocone with highly-conductive origin nickel foam, as well as the enlarged specific surface area (335.8 m2 g-1). This study approves the future applications of the MgCo2O4 NCAs inspired large-scale supercapacitor grown on low-cost nickel foams.
Tailored design/construction of high-quality sulfur/carbon composite cathode is critical for development of advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. We report a powerful strategy for integrated fabrication of sulfur impregnated into three-dimensional (3D) multileveled carbon nanoflake-nanosphere networks (CNNNs) by means of sacrificial ZnO template plus glucose carbonization. The multileveled CNNNs are not only utilized as large-area host/backbone for sulfur forming an integrated S/CNNNs composite electrode, but also serve as multiple carbon blocking barriers (nanoflake infrastructure andnanosphere superstructure) to physically confine polysulfides at the cathode. The designedself-supported S/CNNNs composite cathodes exhibit superior electrochemical performances with high capacities (1395mAhg−1 at 0.1C, and 769mAhg−1 at 5.0C after 200 cycles) and noticeable cycling performance (81.6% retention after 200 cycles). Our results build a new bridge between sulfur and carbon networks with multiple blocking effects for polysulfides, and provide references for construction of other high-performance sulfur cathodes.
With the advanced communication technology, the number of users and applications are increasing exponentially leading towards the scarcity of resources and an increase in power consumptions. The data traffic on the base station also rises with the number of users. For the reduction in the outage probability of the cellular users in 5G, device to device (D2D) communication considered as a prominent solution. D2D communication can occur as an underlay or overlay mode reusing the cellular licensed band. In this paper existing work on resource allocation for in-band underlay D2D communication mode is analyzed taking different scenarios for sharing of common resources among cellular and D2D users. Various methods for resource allocation for D2D communication are discussed extensively, including auction algorithm, game theory approach, graph theory, greedy water filling, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) and iterative method. The second important aspect of communication is power conservation, D2D communication does data offloading and battery life conservation. Along with the battery life conservation, power control techniques discussed at length. A summary of methods used in the existing research like energy harvesting with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), the sleep mode of the base station (BS) is presented. Further, in the view of D2D this paper presents insight of green communication. The characteristic of D2D communication being to reuse resources attracts researchers, academia, and industries to work on security aspects. From a security perspective of D2D communication existing work on physical layer security, intrusion detection system and beamforming are discussed.
We demonstrate a facile approach to fabrication of a self-standing plastic crystal composite electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery, wherein UV (ultraviolet)-cured ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) networks are incorporated into a plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE, 1M lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulphonimide (LiTFSI) in succinonitrile (SN)). An ETPTA monomer having trifunctional groups is successfully crosslinked within a very short UV-exposure time of 20s without using any solvent, leading to the formation of a self-standing, transparent, and non-sticky plastic crystal composite electrolyte (X-PCCE). Owing to the introduction of the UV-cured ETPTA networks, the X-PCCE is capable of providing unprecedentedly robust mechanical strength even at a high concentration of PCE (i.e., ETPTA/PCE=15/85%, w/w), along with affording high ionic conductivity. In contrast, a conventional plastic crystal composite electrolyte (F-PCCE) comprising polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) and PCE is difficult to be fabricated as a self-standing film and easily deformed by weak external stress. Notably, the X-PCCE shows significant improvement in electrochemical stability and interfacial resistance toward lithium metal electrodes. Ionic conductivities of the X-PCCE and the F-PCCE are examined as a function of temperature and discussed under consideration of the interaction between SN, LiTFSI, and polymers in the plastic crystal composite electrolytes.
Nano-crystallized LiFePO4 has been synthesized with a simple three-step-synthesis technology in the presence of nano-ferric oxide as iron source and polyacence (PAS) as a reductive agent and high conductive carbon source. The use of PAS increases the conductivity and prevents the particles growth. The most feasible calcined temperature and time was investigated and the best cell performance was delivered by the sample calcined at 700°C for 4h. This material shows excellent specific capacity and cycle efficiency at high current rates, almost no capacity loss can be observed up to 100 cycles which make it more superior as an optimum power cell cathode material.
This study focuses on the development of the composite electrode materials for an aluminum-air battery and improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the air electrode by matching alpha- and beta- manganese dioxide (MnO2) with poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymer. The catalyst powders of α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 are prepared by hydrothermal method with different precursors, while PEDOT conducting polymer is subsequently deposited on the screen-printed electrodes (MnO2/carbon paper) by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). Material characteristics of prepared MnO2 powder and PEDOT layer are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The half-cell polarization curve test is found to be strongly depended on the crystalline phases of MnO2. From experimental observations and a density functional theory (DFT) study, the conductivity of PEDOT/α-MnO2 is found to be higher than PEDOT/β-MnO2 contributed to structural effect mediated improvements in charge transfer. As a result, integrating the deposition of PEDOT on α-MnO2/carbon paper as composite cathode is suitable for the use in aluminum-air battery.
Fluorine-doped microporous carbons (F-MCs) are prepared only by carbonization of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) without further heteroatom doping process and activation. The effects of the porous features and surface characteristics of F-MCs are investigated as a function of carbonization temperature. Without additional activation, the F-MCs, which have an irregular particle shape, have a high specific surface area (856 m2 g−1) due to micropore formation caused by the release of fluorine groups during carbonization. From the charge/discharge results, the specific capacitance of the F-MCs increase with increasing carbonization temperature, and the specific capacitance (268 F g−1) of F-MCs prepared with high carbonization (800 °C) is higher than F-MCs (221 F g−1) obtained at 600 °C. This suggests that the well-developed carbon structure, microporous features (<1 nm), and functional groups (F and O) of F-MCs allow the easy transfer and excellent accessibility of electrolyte ions, resulting in the maximizing of electrochemical performance of PVDF–HFP-based carbons for supercapacitors.
Ultrafine SnO2 particles are encapsulated in the hollow nanochannels of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) framework by simple infiltration of tin precursor and heat treatment. The SnO2@OMC anode delivers excellent cyclic stability with a reversible specific capacity of ∼1000 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). It also presents an excellent rate performance with a specific capacity of 680 mA g−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g−1. Several functional features and ameliorating geometries play positive roles in Li-storage performance and stability of the electrode. They include (i) the intimate electrical contacts between the SnO2 nanoparticles and the walls of OMC channels to facilitate fast ion/electron transfer, (ii) the large surface area originating from the unique architecture of the composite, and (iii) the encapsulation of SnO2 particles within the channels to suppress their volume expansion during charge/discharge cycles. The reversibility of the conversion reaction is also supported by the high Li-ion diffusion coefficient with enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics. Based on the above findings, this work may offer new insights into the rational nanostructural design of electrode materials for high performance rechargeable batteries.
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered as an important secondary resource for its high contents of valuable components, such as lithium and cobalt. Currently, studies mainly focus on the recycling of cathode electrodes. There are few studies concentrating on the recovery of anode electrodes. In this work, based on the analysis result of high amount of lithium contained in the anode electrode, the acid leaching process was applied to recycle lithium from anode electrodes of spent LIBs. Hydrochloric acid was introduced as leaching reagent, and hydrogen peroxide as reducing agent. Within the range of experiment performed, hydrogen peroxide was found to have little effect on lithium leaching process. The highest leaching recovery of 99.4wt% Li was obtained at leaching temperature of 80°C, 3M hydrochloric acid and S/L ratio of 1:50g/ml for 90min. The graphite configuration with a better crystal structure obtained after the leaching process can also be recycled.
The efficiency of a new enrichment broth containing bile salt, sodium taurocholate (ST broth) in detecting pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood was compared with the traditional alkaline peptone water (APW). Both the enrichment broths were compared using 58 seafood samples harvested along the southwest coast of India using conventional isolation, colony hybridization following enrichment (CFE) and PCR. V. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh gene were isolated from 6.9% (4/58) and 3.4% (2/58) of the samples after enrichment in ST broth and APW, respectively. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying trh gene were isolated from 20.7% (12/58) and 13.8% (8/58) of the samples after enrichment in ST broth and APW respectively. PCR using enrichment lysate as template could detect V. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh gene in 8 (13.8%) and 12 (20.7%) samples after enrichment in APW and ST broth, respectively. Positivity for trh gene based PCR was 24 (41.4%) for ST broth and 19 (32.8%) for APW. Total V. parahaemolyticus were detected and isolated from almost same number of samples using two enrichment broths by three methods used in this study. The results suggest that the ST broth is superior to APW for detection and isolation of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus from seafood.
Charging is an important part in daily use and maintenance of power battery, while charging strategy will have different effects on performance and charging efficiency of power battery. In this paper, it use 18650 cell of Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide as the research object to explore effects of key parameters on battery charging and discharging capacity, charging time, charging temperature rise and energy efficiency in constant current charge, Constant current constant voltage charge, multi-stage constant current charge, intermittent charge Strategy with variable current, pulse current charge. At the same time, it compares differences of battery performance under different charging strategies. Based on data analysis, it selects three optimal charging strategies with significant advantages over conventional charging strategies. The results of this paper have a guiding significance for formulation of vehicle charging strategy.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of supplying electricity from a solar–wind hybrid system to a remotely located model community detached from the main electricity grid in Ethiopia. The wind energy potential of four typical locations has been assessed in a previous article. The solar potential has also been investigated and the results are presented in detail in an accompanying article awaiting publication. For one of the sites, Addis Ababa, the results of the investigation are given here in detail. For the other sites, the results are given as sensitivity diagrams only. Based on the findings of the studies into energy potential, a feasibility study has been carried out on how to supply electricity to a model community of 200 families, which comprises 1000 people in total. The community is equipped with a community school and a health post. The electric load consists of both primary and deferrable types and comprises lighting, water pumps, radio receivers, and some clinical equipment. A software tool, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) is used for the analysis. The result of the analysis is a list of feasible power supply systems, sorted according to their net present cost. Furthermore, sensitivity diagrams, showing the influence of wind speeds, PV costs, and diesel prices on the optimum solutions are also provided.
The catalysis of methanol oxidation on molybdate-modified platinum was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry in the solutions with H2SO4 concentrations from 0.5 to 4.5M. It was found that methanol oxidation was catalyzed on the modified platinum by lowering methanol oxidation potential and promoting methanol oxidation current. There was the strongest catalysis in 3.7M H2SO4 solution. In this solution, methanol oxidation took place on the modified platinum at the potential 0.2V more negatively than on the non-modified platinum and the steady oxidation current of methanol on the modified platinum at 0.7V versus SCE was 10 times that on the non-modified platinum. Molybdates were reduced to adsorbed hydrogen molybdenum(IV) bronzes on platinum in H2SO4 solution at a very negative potential. The amount of reduced molybdates decreased with decreasing H2SO4 concentrations. The reduced molybdates were oxidized to different forms of hydrogen molybdenum bronzes (H x MoO3, 0<x<2) depending on the H2SO4 concentration. Platinum was modified by these hydrogen molybdenum bronzes, but under-modified in the solution with lower H2SO4 concentration and over-modified in the solution with higher H2SO4 concentration. The catalysis of methanol oxidation was weakened when the platinum was under- or over-modified.
Exploring efficient non-platinum catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) instead of platinum-based catalysts is vital for reducing costs of fuel cells or metal-air batteries. A Prussian blue/N-doped porous carbon (PB/NPC) nanocomposite catalyst for ORR was synthesized by a novel method of one-step high-temperature pyrolyzing the mixture of the casein extracted with ferric ions, potassium hydroxide and melamine. The PB nanocubes were embedded in the NPC, and the particle size of PB nanocubes was less than 100 nm. The presence of PB effectively reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide, and the PB/NPC catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity such as more positive onset-potential (of ∼0.93 V vs. RHE), large diffusion limiting current density (5.79 mA cm−2) close to Pt/XC-72 (20%) catalyst and good stability in alkaline media due to the stable binding structure and the synergistic effect of PB nanocubes and NPC. The synthetic strategy of the PB/NPC provides a facile and effective method for the preparation of non-platinum catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
A nanostructured amorphous Co3Sn2 intermetallic compound was prepared by a solvothermal route. The microstructure and the electrochemical performance were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), galvanostatic cycling, and ex situ XRD. It was found that the as-prepared material is in nanoscale and is amorphous. The amorphous Co3Sn2 shows a first specific capacity of 363mAhg−1 compared to 92mAhg−1 for the crystalline one prepared by annealing the amorphous material. Ex situ XRD investigation shows that the amorphous Co3Sn2 undergoes a crystallization process during cycling, which leads to the capacity fade.
Nanostructured composite electrodes based on iron and copper oxides for applications in Li-ion batteries are produced by Electrostatic spray pyrolysis (ESP). The electrodes are directly formed by electrospraying precursor solutions containing either iron or copper salts dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) together with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as binder. The morphology and the structure of the deposited electrodes are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which show that sub-micrometric deposits are formed as a composite of oxide nanoparticles of a few nanometers in a PVdF polymer matrix. Electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests demonstrate that the conversion reactions in these electrodes enable initial discharge capacities of about 800mAhg−1 and 1550mAhg−1 for CuO and Fe2O3, respectively. The capacity retention in both cases needs further improvements.
We have expanded and implemented an algorithm for selecting power supplies into a turnkey MATLAB code, “POWER” (power optimization for wireless energy requirements). Our algorithm uses three approaches to system design, specifying either: (1) a single, aggregate power profile; (2) a power system designed to satisfy several power ranges (micro-, milli- and Watt); or (3) a power system designed to be housed within specified spaces within the system. POWER was verified by conducting two case studies on hearing prosthetics: the TICA (LZ 3001) (Baumann group at the Tübingen University) and Amadeus cochlear implant (CI) (WIMS-ERC at the University of Michigan) based on a volume constraint of 2cm3. The most suitable solution identified by POWER for the TICA device came from Approach 1, wherein one secondary cell provided 26,000 cycles of 16h operation. POWER identified Approach 2 as the solution for the WIMS-ERC Amadeus CI, which consisted of 1 cell for the microWatt power range and 1 cell for the milliWatt range (4.43cm3, ∼55% higher than the target volume), and provided 3280 cycles of 16h operation (including re-charge of the batteries). Future work will be focused on continuously improving our present tool.
Bare boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was applied for investigation of deposition/stripping processes of silver ions in various supporting electrolytes. The highest signal was observed in 0.1 mol dm−3 HNO3. Detection of silver ions is also possible in 0.1 mol dm−3 Na2S2O3 where Ag+ is strongly complexed as [Ag(S2O3)2]3−. Though the sensitivity is 100 times lower, the potential of anodic dissolution of silver is significantly shifted towards the negative values. This shift might be useful for solving of some interferences which may occur in the detection process. After preliminary cyclic voltammetry, the analytical performance was studied by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Deposition potential of  − 0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl and deposition time of 240 s were selected as optimum DPASV parameters. The lowest detection limit of 2.0 × 10–10 mol dm−3 was achieved with DPASV in HNO3. Negligible effect of possible interferents on Ag response proved to be a good selectivity of method. The proposed method after validation was also applied to real samples analysis of some commercial products with complex matrix. The obtained results are statistically identical with data declared by manufacturer and gained by independent technique, making this method suitable for commercial product control.
The present paper aims at identifying strategies to increase the impact and applicability of alternative testing strategies in risk assessment. To this end, a quantitative and qualitative literature evaluation was performed on (a) current research efforts in the development of in vitro methods aiming for alternatives to animal testing, (b) the possibilities and limitations of in vitro methods for regulatory purposes and (c) the potential of physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modeling to improve the impact and applicability of in vitro methods in risk assessment practice. Overall, the evaluation showed that the focus of state-of-the-art research activities does not seem to be optimally directed at developing in vitro alternatives for those endpoints that are most animal-demanding, such as reproductive and developmental toxicity, and carcinogenicity. A key limitation in the application of in vitro alternatives to such systemic endpoints is that in vitro methods do not provide so-called points of departure, necessary for regulators to set safe exposure limits. PBK-modeling could contribute to overcoming this limitation by providing a method that allows extrapolation of in vitro concentration–response curves to in vivo dose–response curves. However, more proofs of principle are required.
Transition metal nitrides are promising alternative anode materials for the next-generation high-energy and high-power lithium ion batteries because of their large specific capacity and superior electronic and ionic conductivity. In this work, nanocrystalline γ″-FeN thin films are prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering and their lithium-storage performance is investigated. The γ″-FeN electrode retains high specific capacities of 1020.4 mAh/g after 100 discharge/charge cycles at the current density of 0.2 A/g and 667.1 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2 A/g. Even at 10 A/g, a remarkable specific capacity of 469.0 mAh/g is achieved. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses both prove that the microstructure of γ″-FeN thin film is durable against repeated lithiation and delithiation reactions.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are implantable medical devices designed to treat ventricular fibrillation by administering a high-voltage shock directly to the heart. Minimizing the time a patient remains in fibrillation is an important goal of this therapy. Both batteries and high-voltage capacitors used in these devices can display time-dependency in performance, resulting in significant extension of charge time. Altering the electrode balance in lithium/silver vanadium oxide batteries used to power these devices has minimized time-dependent changes in battery resistance. Charge-interval dependent changes in capacitor cycling efficiency have been minimized for stacked-plate aluminum electrolytic capacitors by a combination of material and processing factors.