batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal dysfunction. Especially shame and guilt, so-called self-conscious emotions, are of central clinical relevance to BPD. However, only few experimental studies have focused on shame or guilt in BPD and none investigated their neurobiological underpinnings. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we took a scenario-based approach to experimentally induce feelings of shame, guilt, and disgust with neutral scenarios as control condition. We included 19 women with BPD (age 26.4 ± 5.8 years; DSM-IV diagnosed; medicated) and 22 healthy female control subjects (age 26.4 ± 4.6 years; matched for age and verbal IQ). Compared to controls, women with BPD reported more intense feelings when being confronted with affective scenarios, especially higher levels of shame, guilt, and fear. We found increased amygdala reactivity in BPD compared to controls for shame and guilt, but not for disgust scenarios (p = 0.05 FWE corrected at the cluster level; p < 0.0001 cluster defining threshold). Exploratory analyses showed that this was caused by a diminished habituation in women with BPD relative to control participants. This effect was specific to guilt and shame scenarios as both groups showed amygdala habituation to disgust scenarios. Our work suggests that heightened shame and guilt experience in BPD is not related to increased amygdala activity per se, but rather to decreased habituation to self-conscious emotions. This provides an explanation for the inconsistencies in previous imaging work on amygdala involvement in BPD as well as the typically slow progress in the psychotherapy of dysfunctional self-conscious emotions in this patient group.
Surface morphological changes of Li powder compacted electrodes were investigated and compared with extruded Li foil electrodes during the dissolution (discharge)/deposition (charge) process. The area of dendrite growing surfaces was reduced remarkably for Li powder compacted electrodes. Impedance measurements showed that Li compacted powder electrodes had a lower resistance than Li foil electrodes. This is presumed to be related with resistance reduction due to increasing ion conductivity in the SEI (solid electrolyte interface) formed on the surface along with the increase of the reaction area for the powder electrode.
High-quality porous ZnMn2O4 microspheres composed of interconnected nanoparticles have been achieved by calcination of metal carbonates synthesized by a solvothermal reaction. The porous microspheres are characterized by XRD patterns, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM images to reveal the crystal phase and particle morphology. The porous structure and nanoscale building blocks of ZnMn2O4 microspheres make them a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. After 300 cycles at a current density of 500mAg−1, they still preserve a reversible capacity of 800mAhg−1. Even at 2Ag−1, the reversible capacity could be 395mAhg−1, higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite. The superior electrochemical performances can be associated with the porous structure and nanoscale building blocks, which promote the contacting between electrolyte and electrode, accommodate volume change during discharge/charge processes, and provide a large number of active surface sites for lithium storage.
Genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors are involved in the etiology and course of the major psychoses (MP), i.e. major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizoaffective disorder (SZA) and schizophrenia (SZ). The neurobiological correlates by which these predispositions exert their influence on brain structure, function and course of illness are poorly understood. In the FOR2107 consortium, animal models and humans are investigated. A human cohort of MP patients, healthy subjects at genetic and/or environmental risk, and control subjects (N = 2500) has been established. Participants are followed up after 2 years and twice underwent extensive deep phenotyping (MR imaging, clinical course, neuropsychology, personality, risk/protective factors, biomaterials: blood, stool, urine, hair, saliva). Methods for data reduction, quality assurance for longitudinal MRI data, and (deep) machine learning techniques are employed. In the parallelised animal cluster, genetic risk was introduced by a rodent model (Cacna1c deficiency) and its interactions with environmental risk and protective factors are studied. The animals are deeply phenotyped regarding cognition, emotion, and social function, paralleling the variables assessed in humans. A set of innovative experimental projects connect and integrate data from the human and animal parts, investigating the role of microRNA, neuroplasticity, immune signatures, (epi-)genetics and gene expression. Biomaterial from humans and animals are analyzed in parallel. The FOR2107 consortium will delineate pathophysiological entities with common neurobiological underpinnings (“biotypes”) and pave the way for an etiologic understanding of the MP, potentially leading to their prevention, the prediction of individual disease courses, and novel therapies in the future.
Suppression of the parasitic corrosion while maintaining the electrochemical activity of the anode metal is one of the serious problems that affects the energy efficiency of aluminum-air batteries. The need to use high-purity aluminum or special aluminum-based alloys results in a significant increase in the cost of the anode, and thus an increase in the total cost of energy generated by the aluminum-air battery, which narrows the range of possible applications for this type of power source. This study considers the process of parasitic corrosion as a method for hydrogen production. Hydrogen produced in an aluminum-air battery by this way may be further employed in a hydrogen-air fuel cell (Hy-air FC) or in a heat engine, or it may be burnt to generate heat. Therefore, anode materials may be provided by commercially pure aluminum, commercially produced aluminum alloys, and secondary aluminum. These materials are much cheaper and more readily available than special anode alloys of aluminum and high-purity aluminum. The aim of present study is to obtain experimental data for comparison of energy and cost parameters of some commercially produced aluminum alloys, of high-purity aluminum, and of a special Al–ln anode alloy in the context of using these materials as anodes for an Al-air battery and for combined production of electrical power and hydrogen.
In the first part of this work [1] selected key parameters for applying lead-acid (LA) batteries in micro-hybrid power systems (MHPS) were investigated. Main results are integrated in an accelerated, comprehensive test proposal presented here. The test proposal aims at a realistic representation of the pSoC operation regime, which is described in Refs. [1,6]. The test is designed to be sensitive with respect to dynamic charge acceptance (DCA) at partially discharged state (critical for regenerative braking) and the internal resistance at high-rate discharge (critical for idling stop applications). First results are presented for up-to-date valve-regulated LA batteries with absorbent glass mat (AGM) separators. The batteries are close to the limits of the first proposal of pass/fail-criteria. Also flooded batteries were tested; the first out of ten units failed already.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have many advantages such as high abundance and low cost of Zn, as well as safer battery chemistry in aqueous electrolytes. Cryptomelane-type manganese dioxides (α-MnO2s) are promising cathodes for ZIBs due to their high theoretical capacity, voltage, and abundance. However, α-MnO2 suffers from severe capacity fading as the battery is put through extended charge-discharge cycles. Here, we show that galvanostatic cycling performance of α-MnO2 can significantly be improved at ZnSO4 concentrations below 0.2 M. Low-electrolyte concentrations demonstrated higher discharge capacities and capacity retentions at long battery cycling tests. At 0.1 M ZnSO4, α-MnO2 delivered 62 and 103 mAh/g capacities with 0.3 A/g rate at the 1st and 100th cycles, respectively (166% retention). At a higher charge/discharge rate of 0.9 A/g, α-MnO2 delivered 85 mAh/g capacity at the 500th cycle, where the retention was 167% with respect to the 1st cycle in 0.1 M ZnSO4. On the other hand, at high electrolyte concentrations (>1.0 M), the capacity retentions were below 30% and discharge capacities were below 60 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Better electrochemical performance of α-MnO2 at low electrolyte concentrations is attributed to the suppression of cathode dissolution and the mitigation of the formation of impurity phases such as ZnMn2O4 and ZnMn3O7·xH2O.
Lithium metal batteries hold promise for pushing cell-level energy densities beyond 300 Wh kg−1 while operating at ultra-low temperatures (below −30 °C). Batteries capable of both charging and discharging at these temperature extremes are highly desirable due to their inherent reduction in the need for external warming. Here we demonstrate that the local solvation structure of the electrolyte defines the charge-transfer behaviour at ultra-low temperature, which is crucial for achieving high Li metal Coulombic efficiency and avoiding dendritic growth. These insights were applied to Li metal full-cells, where a high-loading 3.5 mAh cm−2 sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode was paired with a onefold excess Li metal anode. The cell retained 84% and 76% of its room temperature capacity when cycled at −40 and −60 °C, respectively, which presented stable performance over 50 cycles. This work provides design criteria for ultra-low-temperature lithium metal battery electrolytes, and represents a defining step for the performance of low-temperature batteries.
The importance of the music and movement in the music learning is vital in the formation and development of people. The BAPNE method enables the development of each of the multiple intelligences, founded by Howard Gardner, through the teaching of body percussion, relying on five disciplines such as Biomechanics, Anatomy, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Ethnomusicology. This article arises from the need for empirical data evidence that this methodology has great benefits in primary education. Focusing on the visuospatial intelligence, and body and kinetic intelligence this research establishes that the objective is to demonstrate that students who use this methodology will better achieve their cognitive, visuospatial, and psychomotor development. So we have developed a study of 60 subjects in the 2nd year of primary education, between 7 and 8 years of age. The sample is divided into control group (N=30), which does not carry out the teaching of body percussion - Method BAPNE, and the experimental group (N=30), wherein the method is employed. The design is used quasi-experimental study with measures before and after the treatment, being used the Movement Assessment Battery for Children ABC (MABC-2) as pre-test and post-test. After carrying out ANOVA statistical analysis of repeated measures, in which we contrast the results of the pre-test to post-test results in both groups, we have found that the experimental group presented a significant improvement in overall post-test scores.
Some basic matters concerning with the heat effect at electrode–electrolyte interface are briefly introduced in this paper. They include the concepts and definition about the electrochemical Peltier heat (EPH) and the Peltier coefficient for the electrode process, the absolute scale, the fundamental equations on this scale for thermoelectrochemistry, and the issues of the entropy changes on this scale and EPHs for the standard hydrogen electrode reaction as well as other standard electrode reactions. The EPH of electrode–electrolyte interface is specially emphasized to be a quantity related to reversible process; thereupon it can be measured and also be calculated by the change in the function of state, or entropy, on the absolute scale. The changes in entropy on the absolute scale, EPHs and the electrochemical Peltier coefficients for some of the most common standard electrode reactions in aqueous solution at 298.15K are given.
This study investigated whether diagnosis and neurosurgical removal of a brain tumour induced Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in adults. We also aimed to identify factors associated with the development of ASD in this specific patient group and setting.
A new positive temperature coefficient (PTC) electrode is prepared simply by coating a thin layer of redox-active poly (3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) in between the electroactive Li[Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 [523] layer and the Al foil substrate to improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of the PF6 −-doped P3BT decreases sharply at 120–150°C, showing a remarkable PTC effect. As for the P3BT-523 composite electrodes, a rate capacity nearly reaching the reference electrode is obtained at less than 1C rate, while the rate discharge capacities increase obviously with the decrease of the P3BT solution concentration. Moreover, after being exposed to 150°C for 5min, the P3BT-523 composite electrodes are hardly discharged and the discharge voltage of the composite electrodes drop drastically below the cut-off voltage at a current density of 3C, suggesting an effective thermal shutdown switch for lithium-ion batteries.
Nanoscale carbon-coated Li2MnSiO4 powder is prepared using a conventional solid-state method and can be used as the negative electrode in a Li2MnSiO4/activated carbon (AC) hybrid supercapacitor. Carbon-coated Li2MnSiO4 material presents a well-developed orthorhombic crystal structure with a Pmn21 space group, although there is a small impurity of MnO. The maximum specific capacitance of the Li2MnSiO4/AC hybrid supercapacitor is 43.2Fg−1 at 1mAcm−2 current density. The cell delivers a specific energy as high as 54Whkg−1 at a specific power of 150Wkg−1 and also exhibits an excellent cycle performance with more than 99% columbic efficiency and the maintenance of 85% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles.
The development in solar PV technology is growing very fast in recent years due to technological improvement, cost reductions in materials and government support for renewable energy based electricity production. Photovoltaic is playing an important role to utilize solar energy for electricity production worldwide. At present, the PV market is growing rapidly with worldwide around 23.5GW in 2010 and also growing at an annual rate of 35–40%, which makes photovoltaic as one of the fastest growing industries. The efficiency of solar cell is one of the important parameter in order to establish this technology in the market. Presently, extensive research work is going for efficiency improvement of solar cells for commercial use. The efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cell has showed very good improvement year by year. It starts with only 15% in 1950s and then increase to 17% in 1970s and continuously increase up to 28% nowadays. The growth in solar photovoltaic technologies including worldwide status, materials for solar cells, efficiency, factor affecting the performance of PV module, overview on cost analysis of PV and its environmental impact are reviewed in this paper.
Recent studies have demonstrated nicotinamide (NAM), a soluble B-group vitamin, to be an effective treatment in experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, research on this compound has been limited to administration regimens starting shortly after injury. This study was conducted to establish the window of opportunity for NAM administration following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury to the frontal cortex. Groups of rats were assigned to NAM (50 mg/kg), saline (1 ml/kg), or sham conditions and received contusion injuries or sham procedures. Injections of NAM or saline were administered at 15 min, 4 h, or 8 h post-injury, followed by five boosters at 24 h intervals. Following the last injection, blood was taken for serum NAM analysis. Animals were tested on a variety of tasks to assess somatosensory performance (bilateral tactile adhesive removal and vibrissae–forelimb placement) and cognitive performance (reference and working memory) in the Morris water maze. The results of the serum NAM analysis showed that NAM levels were significantly elevated in treated animals. Behavioral analysis on the tactile removal test showed that all NAM-treated groups facilitated recovery of function compared with saline treatment. On the vibrissae–forelimb placing test all NAM-treated groups also were significantly different from the saline-treated group. However, the acquisition of reference memory was only significantly improved in the 15-min and 4-h groups. In the working memory task both the 15-min and 4-h groups also improved working memory compared with saline treatment. The window of opportunity for NAM treatment is task-dependent and extends to 8 h for the sensorimotor tests but only extends to 4 h post-injury in the cognitive tests. These results suggest that a 50 mg/kg treatment regimen starting at the clinically relevant time point of 4 h may result in attenuated injury severity in the human TBI population.
The α-Fe2O3 powders composed of different flower-like or yarn-like clusters are prepared by a thermal decomposition process of iron alkoxide precursors, which are obtained via a simple reaction between iron acetylacetonate and ethylene glycol in an oil bath. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, and galvanostatic cell cycling are employed to characterize the structures and electrochemical performance of these α-Fe2O3 samples. The results show that these α-Fe2O3 electrodes have stable cycling performance with a reversible capacity of over 800mAhg−1 after 40 cycles. The sample with optimized structure shows the best rate performance with a high capacity of 622mAhg−1 at the current density of 4687mAg−1. The experimental results suggest that such an α-Fe2O3 powder is a promising anode material for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
A Li/CO2–O2 (2:1, volume ratio) battery and a Li/CO2 battery with discharging specific capacities of 1808 mA h g−1 and 1032 mA h g−1, respectively, are reported. Li2CO3 is the main discharge product in the Li/CO2–O2 (2:1) battery and can be decomposed during charging. In the Li/CO2 battery, the main discharge products could be Li2CO3 and carbon. Both batteries can be cycled reversibly at room temperature.
Operation of the electricity grid has traditionally been done using slow responding base and intermediate load generators with fast responding peak load generators to capture the chaotic behavior of end-use demands. Many modern electricity grids are implementing intermittent non-dispatchable renewable energy resources. As a result, the existing support services are becoming inadequate and technological innovation in grid support services are necessary. Support services fall into short (seconds to minutes), medium (minutes to hours), and long duration (several hours) categories. Energy storage offers a method of providing these services and can enable increased penetration rates of renewable energy generators. Many energy storage technologies exist. Of these, batteries span a significant range of required storage capacity and power output. By assessing the energy to power ratio of electricity grid services, suitable battery technologies were selected. These include lead-acid, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and vanadium-redox. Findings show the variety of grid services require different battery technologies and batteries are capable of meeting the short, medium, and long duration categories. A brief review of each battery technology and its present state of development, commercial implementation, and research frontiers is presented to support these classifications.
A series of V-doped LiFePO4/C composites are synthesized through a quasi-sol–gel method using organophosphorus source. Amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid) is utilized as phosphorus and carbon co-precursor, sucrose as assisted carbon source, and NH4VO3 as dopant. The effect of vanadium doping on the structural property and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C cathode material is systematically investigated. Carbon is coated uniformly on the LiFePO4 nanoparticles and vanadium (+4) is incorporated into LiFePO4/C without altering the olivine structure. The appropriate V-doping refined LiFePO4 particle size, induced the lattice distortion and weakened the LiO bonds, leading to the enhancement of Li+ diffusion and electronic conductivity, and hence resulting in the improvement of the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composites. A high rate discharge capacity of 140.2mAhg−1 at 5C, 120.4mAhg−1 at 10C, and 105.8mAhg−1 at 20C is obtained for LiFe0.97V0.03PO4/C. It is demonstrated that the simple and green synthesis process of the quasi-sol–gel route with organophosphonic acid as precursor is efficient to fabricate V-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials for high-power lithium-ion batteries.
N-doped sites at CNT and graphene trigger spontaneous encapsulation of Si particles by simple pH control at room temperature. Significantly, N-doped CNT encapsulated Si composite electrode materials show remarkable cycle life and rate performance in battery operations. Superior capacity retention of 79.4% is obtained after 200 cycles and excellent rate capability of 914 mA h g−1 is observed at a 10 C rate.
Flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are of increasing interest as mobile power supply for the next-generation of flexible electronics. The current flexible LIBs are generally limited by relatively poor ductility, short cycle-life and low charge and discharge rate. Herein, we report a rational design and preparation of flexible ultra-long, aligned carbon nanofibers thin films with embedded In2O3 nanocrystals (In2O3@FUACNFF) as a binder free anode for highly flexible LIBs. In this work, needleless electrospinning has been demonstrated to be to an effective method for the preparation of In2O3@FUACNFF with super-high throughput. The In2O3@FUACNFF can ensure excellent charge transport, electrolyte transport and mechanical flexibility, thus leading to excellent electrochemical performance and exceptional flexibility. The In2O3@FUACNFF exhibited excellent cycling ability even after 500 cycles, with a capacity of 545.6mAhg−1 at a current density of 200mAg−1 and rate performance even at the highest current density of 100Ag−1 with a reversible capacity of 224.2mAhg−1. Moreover, highly flexible full batteries were also fabricated to demonstrate the superior durability (the electrical stability of the manufactured flexible full battery was hardly affected after more than 120 times folding cycles), excellent cycle-ability (the capacity retention was almost 100% in the measured range from the 17th cycle on) and high rate performance (321.4mAhg−1 at a current density of 1000mAg−1).
The weak signal concept according to Ansoff has the aim to advance strategic early warning. It enables to predict the appearance of events in advance that are relevant for an organization. An example is to predict the appearance of a new and relevant technology for a research organization. Existing approaches detect weak signals based on an environmental scanning procedure that considers textual information from the internet. This is because about 80% of all data in the internet are textual information. The texts are processed by a specific clustering approach where clusters that represent weak signals are identified. In contrast to these related approaches, we propose a new methodology that investigates a sequence of clusters measured at successive points in time. This enables to trace the development of weak signals over time and thus, it enables to identify relevant weak signal developments for organization’s decision making in strategic early warning environment.