batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are the nonlinear large amplitude waves existing in the oceanic pycnocline. Normally, it is difficult to obtain the maximum horizontal current speed induced by ISW since most of the passage periods of ISWs are no more than 30min while the observational sampling interval is too low; meanwhile, to avoid power shortage of the mooring Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler-carried electric battery, oceanographers who are only concerned about the study of circulation or internal tide would choose a sampling interval of no less than 5min. Can we use these low-time-resolution observational data to retrieve the maximum horizontal current speed induced by ISW? In this article, based on Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation theory (shallow-water theory), we propose a method to retrieve the maximum horizontal current speed induced by ISW. According to the calculated results based on the observational current data of ISWs near the Dongsha Islands in the northern South China Sea, it is found that, our method could well retrieve the maximum horizontal current speed induced by ISW from the low-time-resolution observational current data series, meanwhile, when the sampling interval of observational data or the ISW characteristic half-width increases, or when the ISW nonlinear phase speed decreases, the relative error of the retrieved maximum horizontal current speed will reduce. The applicability of the method to ISWs in finite-depth is also discussed.
MnO thin films were grown on Cu-foil substrates at various temperatures by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The elevated growth temperatures led to the improved storage capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency and rate performance of the thin film anodes. It also had an observable effect on the voltage polarization at the first discharge process, whereas negligible at the subsequent cycles. The origins for these behaviours were clarified. The superior electrochemical performance was attributed to the improved kinetic properties, which relate to the initial better crystallinity and more ordered microstructure of the films caused by the elevated deposition temperatures. The similar behaviour of voltage polarization in the cycles after the first discharge was ascribed to the similar nanocomposited structure induced by the initial conversion reaction. Moreover, the mechanisms for the low initial Coulombic efficiency and the large voltage polarization, which are the appealing and essential topics for the conversion reactions, were elucidated.
Hybrid nanostructures with reliable electrochemical performances (e.g., high rate capability and long cycling lifetime) and low fabrication costs are attractive for extensive application for next-generation energy storage devices. Herein, based on the inexpensive commercial carbon black (CB), a ternary manganese ferrite/carbon black/polyaniline (MCBP) hybrid is designed and synthesized through a facile two-step approach. It is found that the synergistic effects in this strongly coupled ternary hybrid nanostructure can remarkably enhance the electrochemical performances, including the impressively high rate capability (∼98% capacitance retention at a current density of as high as 40Ag−1) and excellent cycling stability (∼80% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5Ag−1). A symmetric supercapacitor is fabricated using ternary MCBP hybrid, which presents excellent rate capability (over 94% capacitance retention at 10Ag−1) and long cycle life (∼75% capacitance retention after 100,000 cycles at 5Ag−1). Such a low-cost integrated ternary hybrid is a promising electrode material for commercial applications in supercapacitors.
A novel sulfur-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite material (S-coated-MWCNTs) was prepared through capillarity between the sulfur and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The results of the TEM and XRD measurements reveal that S-coated-MWCNTs have a typical core-shell structure, and the MWCNTs serve as the cores and are dispersed individually into the sulfur matrices. The charge–discharge experiments of the lithium/sulfur cells demonstrated that the S-coated-MWCNTs cathode could maintain a reversible capacity of 670mAhg−1 after 60 cycles, showing a greatly enhanced cycle ability as compared with the sulfur cathode with simple MWCNTs addition (S/MWCNTs) and the cathode using sulfur-coated carbon black composite (S-coated-CB). The EIS and SEM techniques were used to define and understand the impact of the microstructure of the composite electrode on its electrochemical performance. Derived from these studies, the main key factors to the improvement in the cycle life of the sulfur cathode were discussed.
Six chemicals, known to induce lung tumors in rats, were examined for their ability to induce DNA fragmentation in primary cultures of rat and human lung cells, and in the lung of intact rats. Significant dose-dependent increases in the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites, as measured by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, were obtained in primary lung cells from male rats with the following, minimally toxic, concentrations of the six test compounds: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA; 2.5–10mM), hydrazine (HZ; 0.5–4mM), cadmium sulfate (CD; 31.2 and 62.5μM), 4,4′-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA; 31.2–125μM), isobutyl nitrite (IBN; 7.8–31.2μM) and tetranitromethane (TNM; 1.9–15.6μM). Similar degrees of DNA fragmentation were obtained in primary human lung cells; however, due to inter-donor differences, the minimum effective concentrations were in some donors lower and in others higher than in rats, and IBN induced DNA damage only in one of three donors. The DNA-damaging potency of HZ was higher in rats than in humans, and the opposite was true for MOCA. In agreement with these findings, statistically significant increases in the average frequency of DNA breaks were obtained in the lung of rats given a single oral dose (1/2 LD50) of the six test compounds. These findings give evidence that genotoxic lung carcinogens may be identified by use of the DNA fragmentation/Comet assay on rat lung cells as targets cells, and show that the six compounds tested produce in primary cultures of lung cells from human donors DNA-damaging effects substantially similar to those observed in rats.
The rules governing the use of metallic mercury, a toxic and hazardous chemical, is in most jurisdictions identical to widely accepted standards and practices for handling the same chemical in industry for the protection of humans and their work environment. There cannot be exceptions solely for the practitioner dentists and their patients. Any workplace must be safe for both workers and visitors. The latter being dental patients waiting in the dentist's work environment. We reviewed the literature for toxic health effects of elemental mercury upon humans and present information about the Minimata Convention convened by the United Nations Environment Programme. A study conducted among dentists in Singapore and their personal work environment almost 30 years ago contributed to the workplace standard for elemental mercury, which was reduced, and is still currently enforced as a global standard. We recommend that dentists, with a large alternative battery of restorative materials today, make selection of a restorative material a more seriously considered choice, and not to make use of amalgam without the proper use of personal protective equipment for themselves (members of the dental operating team) and their patients, (amalgam traps and judicious monitoring of their workplace air quality). Mercury is ubiquitous in our presence due to human activities; any reduction in the dentists' workplace contributes to a global reduction.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) recognises high familial incidence, with up to 50% of patients reported to have a family history of similar dementia. It has been reported that mutations within progranulin (PGRN) gene are a major cause of FTLD in the USA and worldwide, counting for 5–10% of FTLD and for 20–25% of familiar FTLD cases. The aim of the present study was to define the role of PGRN genetic variations in a large sample of consecutive patients with FTLD in Italy. Two-hundred forty-three FTLD patients were investigated. Each subject performed a clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, a functional and structural brain imaging, and the diagnosis was confirmed by at least 1 year follow-up. PGRN sequencing was performed in all FTLD patients and in 121 healthy age-matched controls drawn from the same geographic area. Only one PGRN pathogenetic mutation was found, consisting of a four-base pair deletion in the coding sequence of exon 8 (delCACT). This mutation was recognised in four patients, being the overall frequency of mutations in our clinical series of 1.64%. Considering only patients with a well-known family history for dementia, the frequency of this mutation was 6%. Moreover, four missense mutations within intron regions (g.100474G>A, g.100674G>A, g.101266G>A, g.102070G>A) were found. The frequency of these genetic variations did not differ in patients compared to controls, and they did not influence on clinical FTLD phenotype. In conclusion, this study supports a lower frequency of PGRN mutations amongst FTLD patients in Italy compared to literature data and further underlies the genetic heterogeneity of FTLD.
The general objective of the work was to adapt the existing technology of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) to the demands for commercial applications and to make it competitive with respect to performance and costs compared to the present day technology of combustion engines. This should be realised by the use of optimised electrodes which enable a highly efficient operation with air at low overpressure and a simplified construction of the electrochemical cell which is capable of mass production and low-cost. The initial project cost goal (materials and fabrication, extrapolated to a production of 100,000 fuel cell systems per year) was 100–200ECU/kW. The feasibility of this goal was planned to be ascertained by the development of a PEFC stack in the size of 3.5kW rated power.
Gender differences have been described in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The effects of gender on cognitive and behavioral manifestations in multiple system atrophy and the changes of cognitive functions over time according to gender have not been investigated so far. Fifty-five patients with a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric battery at baseline and 26 of them could be re-evaluated at 1-year follow-up. At baseline women with multiple system atrophy had poorer global cognitive state and visuo-spatial abilities, and a higher prevalence of depression and apathy than males. At follow-up, female patients deteriorated more than males on attention abilities and motor functions, and had a higher prevalence of depression than men. Executive functions and visuo-spatial abilities significantly worsened over time in both groups. Mild Cognitive Impairment single domain was significantly more frequent in females than males. Cognitive and behavioral differences between genders in multiple system atrophy involve global cognition, planning, attention, visual-perceptive skills, and depression, with female patients more compromised than males. Female patients deteriorated more than men over time as for motor functions and attention. Further longitudinal studies are deserved to confirm gender differences in progression of cognitive and behavioral features of multiple system atrophy.
A two-dimensional porous electrode model for designing a pore structure in a quinone-based flow battery was developed and validated by using experimental data from a metal-free quinone-based flow battery. The effects of porosity and pore size distribution on electrode performance and concentration fields were analyzed, the appropriate porosity and pore size distribution were obtained. In addition, the comprehensive effect of pore volume, specific surface area and pore size were considered, the dimensionless number shape factor SF was introduced to characterize the morphology, and the effect of morphology on the electrode performance was also investigated. This model was expected to understand the effect of morphology on the electrode performance and guide the preparation of the electrode. Extensions to the model in actual tests and future work were suggested.
Yogev-Seligmann G, Giladi N, Brozgol M, Hausdorff JM. A training program to improve gait while dual tasking in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Impairments in the ability to perform another task while walking (ie, dual tasking [DT]) are associated with an increased risk of falling. Here we describe a program we developed specifically to improve DT performance while walking based on motor learning principles and task-specific training. We examined feasibility, potential efficacy, retention, and transfer to the performance of untrained tasks in a pilot study among 7 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Seven patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage, 2.1±0.2) were evaluated before, after, and 1 month after 4 weeks of DT training. Gait speed and gait variability were measured during usual walking and during 4 DT conditions. The 4-week program of one-on-one training included walking while performing several distinct cognitive tasks. Gait speed and gait variability during DT significantly improved. Improvements were also seen in the DT conditions that were not specifically trained and were retained 1 month after training. These initial findings support the feasibility of applying a task-specific DT gait training program for patients with PD and suggest that it positively affects DT gait, even in untrained tasks. The present results are also consistent with the possibility that DT gait training enhances divided attention abilities during walking.
Abstract Most small wind machines were operated as stand-alone systems prior to 1970, when electrical generating machines started being connected to the utility grid. For centuries, small wind systems have been used for pumping water and grinding grain. Almost all of the wind systems sold that are less than 1 kW in size are used for battery charging; they are used in homes, on boats, for outdoor security lighting, and for navigational lighting. Water pumping remains a large user of small mechanical wind systems. Hybrid wind systems used in remote villages and islands are included in this discussion.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the accompanying Federal Reference Method (FRM) for PM10 in 1987. The EPA revised the particle standards and FRM in 1997 to include PM2.5. In 2005, EPA proposed revisions to this NAAQS to include PM10–2.5 but only finalized revisions with a PM2.5 FRM and the development of a national monitoring network in 2006. Presently, no EPA designated reference or equivalent method sampler has the ability to directly measure the mass concentrations of PM10, PM10–2.5, and PM2.5 simultaneously. An additive approach has been used for samplers like the dichotomous monitors to calculate PM10 mass concentrations from independent measures of PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 (i.e. PM10 =PM10–2.5 +PM2.5). A differential approach has been used to calculate PM10–2.5 from identical collocated PM10 and PM2.5 samplers (i.e. PM10–2.5 =PM10–PM2.5). Since these two approaches have been used widely for PM measurements, it is informative to evaluate their precision and comparability. EPA performed collocated tests of five different particle samplers in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina to evaluate the comparability and to characterize the additive and differential approaches used to determine particle mass concentrations. The intra-sampler precision of MiniVol, Omni, and dichotomous samplers was less than 8.4%. The precision of PM10 measurements using the additive approach with dichotomous samplers was less than 3.5%. The poorest precision of the various PM10–2.5 differential approaches was less than 15.1%. No zero or negative PM10–2.5 concentrations were calculated using the differential approach. A coefficient of determination of 0.81 or higher was obtained for all paired comparison of PM10–2.5. The reported test results show that concentrations calculated from both the additive and differential approaches generally agree among the portable samplers, the more established dichotomous sampler and the Federal Reference Methods
Triethylene glycol diacetate-2-propenoic acid butyl ester (TEGDA-BA) based composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) are fabricated by incorporating alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (average particle size 10–20 nm) as inorganic filler via in situ polymerization. Effects of Al2O3 concentration on ionic conductivities, Li+ transfer numbers and charge/discharge properties are studied in details. Due to the uniformly dispersed Al2O3 nanoparticles, significant improvements in the mechanical flexibility and bendability are presented in the resulting polymer electrolytes. The CPE with 5 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibits the highest ionic conductivity up to 6.02 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C and the highest Li+ transference number (0.675), coupled with the most stable electrochemical window (>4.5 V vs. Li/Li+). With the presence of Al2O3, the growth of interface resistance is retarded, which increases the interface stability. The Li|CPE|Li4Ti5O12 and Li|CPE|LiFePO4 cells demonstrate remarkably stable charge/discharge performance and excellent capacity retention during cycling test. The results suggest that the CPE holds great application potential in flexible lithium ion batteries.
Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular for remote area power generation applications due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products. Economic aspects of these technologies are sufficiently promising to include them in developing power generation capacity for developing countries. Research and development efforts in solar, wind, and other renewable energy technologies are required to continue for, improving their performance, establishing techniques for accurately predicting their output and reliably integrating them with other conventional generating sources. The paper describes methodologies to model HRES components, HRES designs and their evaluation. The trends in HRES design show that the hybrid PV/wind energy systems are becoming gaining popular. The issues related to penetration of these energy systems in the present distribution network are highlighted.
Over the past half-century, Siemens/Westinghouse systematically developed the cathode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology and demonstrated the world's first highly efficient, longest running 100-kWe class solid oxide fuel cell/combined heat and power (SOFC/CHP) system and the first highest-efficiency, 220-kWe class pressurized SOFC/gas turbine (PSOFC/GT) hybrid system based on this technology. This review provides a broad overview on this technology from the perspectives of materials, manufacturing, cell design, system integration and electrical testing. It starts from the basic facts of a SOFC, where the working principle, advantages, types and applications of SOFCs are discussed. It then focuses on cathode-supported tubular SOFCs, one important type of SOFC design, by providing detailed technical information on engineering innovations, materials advances, manufacturing processes and electrical performance of Siemens/Westinghouse's cylindrical and flattened ribbed tubular cells. The review concludes with a high-level summary of the SOFC systems manufactured and demonstrated by Siemens/Westinghouse in the past few decades.
We present a fully integrated implantable electrolysis-based micropump with incorporated EI dosing sensors. Wireless powering and data telemetry (through amplitude and frequency modulation) were utilized to achieve variable flow control and a bi-directional data link with the sensors. Wireless infusion rate control (0.14–1.04 μL/min) and dose sensing (bolus resolution of 0.55–2 μL) were each calibrated separately with the final circuit architecture and then simultaneous wireless flow control and dose sensing were demonstrated. Recombination detection using the dosing system, as well as, effects of coil separation distance and misalignment in wireless power and data transfer were studied. A custom-made normally closed spring-loaded ball check valve was designed and incorporated at the reservoir outlet to prevent backflow of fluids as a result of the reverse pressure gradient caused by recombination of electrolysis gases. Successful delivery, infusion rate control, and dose sensing were achieved in simulated brain tissue.
This paper reports the fabrication of three-dimensional porous carbon nanofibers network with high doping level of nitrogen (N, 5.17 at.%) and boron (B, 6.87 at.%) through a general electrospinning strategy followed by a calcination process. The employed ammonia borane (NH3BH3, denote as AB) not only functions as a porogen reagent to generate porous structures but also as the heteroatoms source to induce N and B co-doping. Such highly unique nanoarchitectures offer remarkably improved Li storage performance including high reversible capacity (∼910 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1) with good cycling and rate performances.
In the last few years, the integration of researches in Computer Science and medical fields has made available to the scientific community an enormous amount of data, stored in databases. In this paper, we analyze the data available in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), a comprehensive observational, multi-center study designed to identify progression biomarkers important for better treatments for Parkinson’s disease. The data of PPMI participants are collected through a comprehensive battery of tests and assessments including Magnetic Resonance Imaging and DATscan imaging, collection of blood, cerebral spinal fluid, and urine samples, as well as cognitive and motor evaluations. To this aim, we propose a technique to identify a correlation between the biomedical data in the PPMI dataset for verifying the consistency of medical reports formulated during the visits and allow to correctly categorize the various patients. To correlate the information of each patient’s medical report, Information Retrieval and Machine Learning techniques have been adopted, including the Latent Semantic Analysis, Text2Vec and Doc2Vec techniques. Then, patients are grouped and classified into affected or not by using clustering algorithms according to the similarity of medical reports. Finally, we have adopted a visualization system based on the D3 framework to visualize correlations among medical reports with an interactive chart, and to support the doctor in analyzing the chronological sequence of visits in order to diagnose Parkinson’s disease early.
For the first time, a ceramic lithium super-ionic conductor (LISICON) film has been employed to separate the oxidation of BH4− in an alkaline medium from the reduction of H2O2 in an acidic medium, forming a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) with a high stable cell voltage of 2.1 V. This may be an interesting topic for future study on borohydride fuel cells.