batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered an efficient alternative to internal combustion engined ones, aiming to reduce global CO 2 emissions. In the last years, EVs are entering the market in an increasing pace. In contrast to conventional cars, EVs have a more complicated recharging procedure. Thus, the development of tools for the efficient simulation of the charging of large numbers of EVs is critical. In this vein, EVLibSim is a tool for the simulation of EV activities at a charging station level. EVLibSim unifies EVLib’s primary functions such as the charging and dis-charging of batteries, battery swapping, as well as parking/inductive charging. EVLib is a Java library that provides a simple, yet efficient framework for the management of a number of Electric Vehicle (EV) activities, at a charging station level, within a Smart Grid. EVLibSim provides a great variety of configuration options such as the types and number of chargers, the available energy, the waiting queues, etc. Furthermore, through plots and overview dashboards each user can supervise the operation of the tool in real time. Both EVLib’s and EVLibSim’s efficiency and scalability have been tested in realistic scenarios, while the correctness and safety of the code have been verified using state of the art tools. Finally, the user experience of the EVLibSim has been evaluated and improved through a detailed user evaluation.
P001- UNDERREPRESENTED ELDERS IN THE BRAIN HEALTH REGISTRY: US REPRESENTATIVENESS AND REGISTRY BEHAVIOR. M.T. Ashford1,2,*, J. Ei chenbaum1,2,3, T. Williams1,2,3, J. Fockler2,3, M. Camacho1,2, A. Ulbricht2,3, D. Flenniken1,2, D. Truran1,2, R.S. Mackin2,4, M.W. Weiner1,2,3, R.L. Nosheny2,4((1) Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE) — San Francisco (United States); (2) Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging and Neurodegenerative Diseases — San Francisco (United States); (3) Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California — San Francisco, USA; (4) Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco — San Francisco (United States))
In situ polymerization of acrylonitrile with nano-sulfur particles has been developed as a synthetic route to prepare sulfur/polyacrylonitrile (S/ p PAN) composite as a cathode material for lithium/sulfur battery. Transmission electronic microscopy revealed the formation of a highly developed network structure consisting of PAN and sulfur homogeneous mixing at nanosized level, providing the “buffering” space to accommodate the volume change of sulfur upon cycling and retaining the structural integrity preventing the material agglomeration and degradation. Benefiting from this unique structure, the S/ p PAN composite cathode demonstrated enhanced reversibility, resulting in a discharge capacity of 1177 mAh g−1 at the second cycle and retained about 100% of this value over 100 cycles at 0.5C. Furthermore, the S/ p PAN composite cathode delivered a discharge capacity of 981 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle at 1C.
Commercial Li-ion cells of Type 18650 dimensions and prismatic designs from different manufacturers have been tested to evaluate their performance and to study their thermal behavior using electrochemical–calorimetric methods. All cells tested in this work showed good performance and cyclability under normal operating conditions. The measured heat effect for the cells were exothermic during discharge and partially endothermic during charge. Cell impedance was measured for selected cells and showed some dependence on the state of charge or depth of discharge, with significant increase at the end of discharge due to concentration polarization. The entropy coefficient (dE eq/dT) for the A&T (18650) and Panasonic (CGR 18650) cells were measured using potentiometric methods at different depths of discharge (DOD). The measured values for both cells showed some dependence on the DOD with some perturbation near 4.0 V, where the measured dE eq/dT for Panasonic cell had an unexpected positive value. This was found to be consistent with the measured endothermic heat effect during discharge for the Panasonic cell near E eq=4.0 V. This may be related to a phase change in the LiCoO2 cathode material, as reported in the literature, and to structural transformation in the graphite used as anode material, in the Panasonic cell.
We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis due to alcamphor present in a flushing solution used by a 58-year-old woman. It is the first case described in our Division of Allergy and the second one reported in the literature. Alcamphor is a chemical substance present in many products that may have been underestimated as the causative agent of contact allergic dermatitis as the allergen is not available in the standard patch test batteries.
Most of the biomaterials used nowadays for the reconstruction of the spinal cord (SC) tissue after an injury, tested in animals, have obtained modest results. This work presents a study about the compatibility of two novel, non-biodegradable, semi-conductive materials, obtained by plasma polymerization: iodine-doped pyrrole (PPy/I) and pyrrole-polyethylene glycol (PPy/PEG). Both polymers, separately, were implanted in the SC tissue of rats after a transection. Prior to implantation, the elemental composition and the physico-chemical properties of polymers were studied by electron scanning microscopy, IR Spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. We used adult female Long Evans rats, subjected to SC transection. Animals were randomized to be allocated in one of the treatment groups and were killed four weeks after the lesion for histology study. Results showed that both implants were integrated to the SC tissue, as inflammatory and gliotic responses, similar to those observed in the control group, and rejection of the implant, were not evident. Moreover, the immediate effect of PPy/I or PPy/PEG in the injured SC prevented secondary tissue destruction, as compared to non-implanted control animals. In conclusion, implants of semi-conductive polymers were well-tolerated and integrated favorably to SC tissue after transection
After a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), the damaged tissue initiates a prolonged period of secondary neurodegeneration, which includes the formation of a scar and the subsequent Wallerian degeneration in the chronic phase [1]. Many reports have proposed the use of different materials for repairing the injured spinal cord tissue. Those materials include living tissue, such as stem cells implants [2], olfactory ensheathing glial cells, Schwann cells [3], trophic factors and spinal cord embryonic grafts, with the aim of facilitating the regrowth of spinal cord white matter and restoring its functionality [4]. However, up to now, they have been poorly effective.
“Dynamic assessment” is a term which has come to describe a particular style of testing, but more importantly has come to be associated with an alternative way of thinking about assessment. Most succinctly, dynamic assessment involves embedding interaction within the assessment and observing and recording the learner's response and ability to profit from this interaction. There are numerous models of dynamic assessment that vary in terms of the degree of structure and the timing of the intervention, as well as the content of the intervention procedure. The greatest distinction between dynamic assessment and conventional testing, or what is frequently referred to in the literature as static assessment, can be seen in the shift from a product to a process orientation regarding testing. This distinction has numerous implications not only with regard to the actual assessment techniques but also with respect to the types of questions asked and solutions formulated with regard to low cognitive functioning and/or poor academic performance.Dynamic assessment is an interactive process between assessor and assessee. It differs from conventional psychometric assessments in that no ‘normative score’ such as an Intelligence Quotient is computed. It differs also in that mediation is an essential part of the process. Tasks are given to the assessee, with the focus primarily on how the tasks are tackled. This makes it possible to pin- point necessary areas of cognitive development. At different stages for different tasks in the overall process, mediation is given in the cognitive functions and strategies necessary to master the tasks. Dynamic assessment embeds interaction within the framework of a test-intervene-retest approach to psycho educational assessment.
The ongoing extension of usage for lithium-ion cells and packs in both stationary and mobile applications necessitates a steeply increasing need for comprehensive tools and models to diagnose and prognose cell performance. Among those, a simple mechanistic framework using electrode half-cell data has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to synthesize the terminal voltage of battery cells based on the individual electrode potentials. Although proven valid in the quantification of cell degradation, path dependence of aging and cell-to-cell variations, the application of the model framework has been restricted so far mostly to voltage profiles recorded at low C-rates. For use in battery management systems, this limitation should preferably be overcome to enable on-board diagnostics from medium to high rates and at any temperature. For this reason, this study aims at an advanced exploration of the cell's kinetics and how it can be compensated within the mechanistic framework. This was done by investigating two previously proposed parameters, the ohmic resistance increase and the rate degradation factor. This study indicates that both parameters follow a well-defined Arrhenius dependency allowing to map the voltage behaviour of the underlying half-cell to the measured full cell data at different rates and temperatures.
We report on novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and activated carbon (AC) composite material as electrode for electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Here MWCNTs work simultaneously as binder and additive for AC electrodes. MWCNTs were synthesised directly onto AC placed on nickel coated aluminium foils binding all of them. During MWCNT synthesis, nickel coated aluminium foils were converted on nickel aluminide alloy, which is extremely stable in neutral aqueous media and also permit welding in the case of large devices manufacturing or association. This novel material brings two significant features to ECs devices: (i) very low equivalent series resistance, and (ii) operational stability in aqueous based electrolytes. That is an excellent opportunity to explore because nonaqueous electrolytes itself and its handling to keep them humidity-free are ones of the most expensive part of ECs manufacturing. Replacing them using a better cost-effective and environmentally friendly electrolyte is desirable. Our approach is simple, fast, very reproducible, and low cost and in the end of the day devices showed large cell voltage of 1.5 V in aqueous electrolyte with specific capacitance of electrode material up to 105 F g−1 (e.g. very similar to several reports on literature using standard binders). Our cyclability test suggested a long service life with no significative lost on capacitance retention after 70 thousand cycles using a voltage range of 1.5 V at 25 A g-1. A detailed electrochemical analysis of device is also presented. On the Ragone plot, our devices fit between Li-ion capacitor and electrochemical capacitors.
The electrochemical performance of AlF3-coated Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4 spinel was investigated. The morphology of the AlF3-coated Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4 was observed by SEM and TEM, and the thickness of the coating layer was approximately 10nm. Capacity retention and rate capability were substantially improved by the AlF3-coating, as compared to pristine Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4. Manganese dissolution was also dramatically reduced for the AlF3-coated Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4, which may reflect lower impedance for the coated spinel. The thermal stability of the AlF3-coated Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4 was improved, exhibiting an exothermic reaction at higher temperature with reduced heat generation, compared to the pristine Li1.1Al0.05Mn1.85O4.
In this paper, we report positive effect of Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP) as additive during initial activation and cycling of Li-rich-NMC xLi2MnO3–(1 − x)LiMO2 (x >> 1; M = Ni, Co, Mn) cathode in EC/DMC + 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte. Firstly conductivity and viscosity of electrolyte with x wt.% TTFP; 0 wt.% < x < 20 wt.% were studied. From the electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and EIS we show that TTFP passives aluminum current collector and the acts as oxygen scavenger during the extended activation plateau up 4.7 V vs. Li+/Li (up to 301 mAh g−1 in charge). The beneficial effect of TTFP improves the long-term cycling stability of the cathode with more than 95% of initial capacity in Gr//Li-Rich -NMC full cell is maintained after 50 cycles at C rate. Finally, XPS analysis of Li-rich -NMC electrodes show presence of TTFP on the surface during cycling and confirm the presence of Mn3+ at the end of discharge. The convergence of all characterizations indicates that TTFP should act as a catalyst to several surface reactions which are beneficial to long cycling cell performances.
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have attracted particular interest in the development of various electronic and energy storage devices due to their one-dimensional structure, good conductivity, fast charge transportation and direct contact to the current collector. Herein, we have successfully deposited the binder-free nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets on Ag NWs-fenced carbon cloth (NC LDH NSs@Ag@CC) by a facile electrochemical deposition method with a chronoamperometry voltage of −1.0V for 120s. The electrically conductive and superhydrophilic nature of the hybrid nanocomposite electrode led to relatively high areal capacitance (1133.3 mF cm−2 at 1mAcm−2) and good cycling stability (80.47% after 2000 cycles) compared to the electrode prepared without Ag NWs. Using such hierarchical NC LDH NSs@Ag@CC as a positive electrode, we further fabricated a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with activated carbon coated CC as a negative electrode. The as-assembled ASC exhibited maximum operational potential window of 1.6V, high areal capacitance of 230.2 mF cm−2 and excellent cycling stability of 88.1% with remarkable energy densities at all the charge-discharge conditions (78.8 μWh cm−2 at the power density of 785 μW cm−2 and 40 μWh cm−2 at the high power density of 12.1mWcm−2, respectively)
Based on the cyclic voltammograms and impedance spectra of poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) in the electrolyte solution containing ZnCl2 and NH4Cl, a solution consisting of 2.0M ZnCl2 and 3.0M NH4Cl with pH 4.70 was employed as an electrolyte solution of a Zn-poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) battery. The battery was charged and discharged between 0.75 and 1.45V at different current densities. The average charge voltage is about 1.15V and the average discharge voltage is about 1.05V, slightly depending on the charge–discharge current density. The capacity and energy densities of poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) are 137.5Ahkg−1 and 152.5Whkg−1 for discharge process, respectively, which are much better than those of polyaniline at the same solution. After the test of the charge–discharge at different current densities, the battery was successively charged and discharged for 120 cycles. At one-hundred and twentieth cycle, the coulombic efficiency is 100% and the energy density of poly(aniline-co-m-aminophenol) only decreases by 9.2%, compared with the first cycle of the successive charge–discharge processes.
In this paper an innovative electrochemical cell equipped with a composite photoanode consisting of an array of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes on porous nickel is described. The use of a combined anode makes the system suitable for working both in dark and under solar light exposure. Moreover, the use of a LED lamp as a light source allows to avoid side effects due to the heating of the system, thus giving a more reliable estimation of the produced current. Finally, the photo-electrolyser, due to its innovative design and the optimal management of the gas produced, could reduce of at least 3.5 % its energy consumption.
Fuel cell performance and the power are influenced by factors referred to as “power loss”. In fuel cells, there are two kinds of power losses: one is dominated by the electric resistance between the electrodes, which is called as leak resistance, and the other is dominated by mass diffusion between the anode and cathode, i.e. “crossover”. In this work, we analyse the two kinds of power losses and discuss how they influence fuel cell performance. The power loss of a fuel cell caused by crossover is described by a new parameter P leak. The practical performance curve of direct methanol fuel cells using different types of membrane materials are modelled by a mathematical equation describing the power loss and crossover effect. This equation is used to estimate the methanol crossover flux.
Now the lithium ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EV). The cycle life is among the most important characteristics of the power battery in EV. In this report, the battery cycle life experiment is designed according to the actual working condition in EV. Five different commercial lithium ion cells are cycled alternatively under 45 °C and 5 °C and the test results are compared. Based on the cycle life experiment results and the identified battery aging mechanism, the battery cycle life models are built and fitted by the genetic algorithm. The capacity loss follows a power law relation with the cycle times and an Arrhenius law relation with the temperature. For automotive application, to save the cost and the testing time, a battery SOH (state of health) estimation method combined the on-line model based capacity estimation and regular calibration is proposed.
A novel 3D porous Si–O–C/Ni thick film anode is successfully prepared by electrodeposition of porous Ni on Cu substrate and galvanostatical electrodeposition of Si–O–C composite on porous Ni substrate. The 3D porous Si–O–C/Ni thick film is electrochemically activated at a current density of 50 μA cm−2 for the first cycle and 200 μA cm−2 (0.5 C) for the subsequent cycles, it displays superior electrochemical performance with discharge capacity of 706.3 mAh g−1 of Si after 100 cycles. The properties of this thick film is analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (STEM-EDX). The results show that Si–O–C composite not only covers the surface area of porous Ni but also attaches to the highly porous dendritic walls, along with the porous structure of Ni which provides proper accommodation for the volume change of silicon during the lithiation/delithiation processes, are believed to result in the high capacity and excellent cyclability.
In order to increase the solubility and oxidation potential of redox shuttles, electroactive ionic liquids (RILs) based on the modification of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene with triflimide anions were synthesized. We developed two synthetic routes to obtain these RILs in which the triflimide was either linked on the benzene ring or as a ether on 2,5-ditert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DDB). These RILs all have melting points below 100 °C, but above room temperature. The structural impact of electroactive anion was evaluated in this study by determining the redox potential and electrochemical stability. The electrochemical properties of these RILs were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the diffusion coefficients were measured by double potential step chronoamperometry. The viscosity and ionic conductivity measurements of redox-active electrolyte were obtained at different temperatures and the RIL additives are shown to have a low impact on these electrolyte properties at concentrations up to 0.3 M. The charge-overcharge-discharge cycles of Li/LiFePO4 half-cells and Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 full cells with a 100% overcharge are presented using redox-active electrolyte (0.3 M concentration level) at 0.1 C rate. This study highlights the potential of electroactive ionic liquids as highly soluble and stable functional additives in Li-ion battery electrolytes.
Solvation of lithium ions in the organic electrolyte solutions for primary lithium batteries was investigated by electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). In LiBF4/γ-butyrolactone (GBL), lithium ions were solvated to GBL molecules in the form [Li(GBL)2]+ or [Li(GBL)3]+, and in LiClO4/ dimethoxyethane (DME)–propylene carbonate (PC), lithium ions were solvated mainly to DME and PC in the form [Li(DME)(PC)]+.
The effects of triiodothyronine (T3), thymulin, and recombinant chicken interferon-γ (ChIFN-γ) on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity was investigated using the euthyroid control K and the T3-deficient sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken strains. Factorial design experiments were used to investigate the effects of T3 treatments where animals of both strains received either 0 or 0.1 ppm T3 supplementation to the standard chick starter diet. The ChIFN-γ treatments were administered in vitro by incubation with effector cells overnight prior to the addition of the RP9 lymphoblastoma target cell line. All cytotoxicity assays were run at 50:1 and 25:1 effector/target (E/T) ratios. Treatments were begun at hatching and continued through 7 weeks. NK cells for these assays were enriched by separation of splenocytes over ficoll. Splenocyte preparations from untreated K strain consistently had significantly higher NK-mediated cytolysis than did samples from the untreated SLD at both E/T ratios. T3 treatment alone had no effect on NK activity in cell preparations from the K strain but did significantly enhance that activity in the T3-deficient SLD whereas IFN treatment alone enhanced NK activity in both strains. The combined T3 and IFN treatments resulted in a greater enhancement of NK cytolytic activity in both strains than any separate treatment and resulted in an elimination of differences in NK cell responsiveness between the K and SLD strains. Similar results were obtained when NK cell cultures were incubated in vitro with thymulin prior to assessing cytotoxicity. In vitro thymulin treatments alone significantly enhanced cytolytic activity for NK cells for both K and SLD strains. The greatest effect of in vitro thymulin exposure was to increase the responsiveness to NK cells to ChIFN-γ stimulation.
In this chapter, the characteristic physical properties of high performance textile materials are reviewed, and examples of their applications in the engineering design of protective clothing are given, together with a brief introduction to the legal requirements for protective clothing. As a case study, the functions of high performance textile materials used in cut resistant products, firefighters’ clothing, chemical protective clothing and materials for achieving thermophysiological comfort in protective clothing are discussed.
Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), methyl cellulose (Mcel), poly [oligo(ethylene glycol)-oxalate] (POEGO), poly[oxymethylene-(oxyethylene)] (POMOE), and poly[bis-(methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) were intercalated into hectorite. The intercalated hectorites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infra-red spectroscopy. The interlayer expansion depended on the amount of polymer added as well as on its dimension. The polymer-intercalated materials exhibited higher thermal stability when compared to the bulk polymers.