batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Development of three-dimensional ternary vanadate compounds with excellent structural stability on exfoliated graphene nanoflacks allows the first success of conversion-type sodium vanadate anode candidate for high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). Corresponding additive-free self-anchoring behavior of active sodium vanadates material on graphene surface is representatively investigated, architecturing unique dendritic structure, a first-of-this-kind configuration, with robust flexibility and sufficient capability of structure-preservation. The prepared nanocomposite provides a high reversible capacity over 800mAhg−1 and ultrafast charging/discharging capability with Li-ions via conversion-type reaction. More remarkably, the well-designed structure retains more than 96% of initial capacity with respect to their ultralong cycling stability, demonstrating the combined advantages of the facile hydrothermal protocol, high active material loading and architecture configuration for high-performance Li-ions storage. As a consequence, this research reveals the importance and effectiveness of self-assembling sodium vanadates on graphene nanoflakes with 3D hierarchial structure and indicates the significant potential of developing ternary vanadate compounds as promising anode candidate for LIBs.
Palladium nanochains with uniform dispersion supported transition metal core-shell nanoparticles (TMcore-shell, TMcore-shell = Ni@NiO, Co@CoO) modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are synthesized through a facile two-step method as the catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. The transition metal nanoparticle consists of transition metal core and transition metal oxide shell layer with an average particle diameter of about 35 nm, which can play an important role in adjusting the electronic structure of Pd. It can be attributed to the different support-metal synergistic interaction (SMSI) between TMcore-shell-rGO support and Pd metal. In addition, the Pd/Co@CoO-rGO catalyst exhibits the highest electrocatalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation, with the mass activity of 1786 mA mg−1, which is 7.01 times and 1.49 times as high as those of the commercial Pd/C and the commercial Pt/C, respectively. Furthermore, the Pd/Co@CoO-rGO catalyst keeps the best stability than the commercial Pd/C, the commercial Pt/C, Pd/rGO and Pd/Ni@NiO-rGO catalysts during all the test time. TMcore-shell-rGO support provide us a new strategy of structure engineering for highly efficient methanol oxidation.
As a renewable energy storage system, lithium batteries play a vital role in the population's productivity and personal lives. One of the main priorities for the R&D of lithium batteries is to closely integrate various battery technologies with advanced energy technologies. This is done by designing new heterogeneous structures that offer new mechanisms and features for energy storage while enabling its core functions. This paper organically combines the key technologies, research highlights, and innovations in the worldwide field of lithium battery energy, summarizes the structure and mechanics of lithium batteries, discusses the application progress of newer battery structures in the field of efficient energy storage, and sorts out the obstacles of lithium batteries in the field of renewable energy. Integrating and refining new energy storage mechanisms from lithium battery technology will result in a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of battery energy through the development of batteries at lower costs, higher capacities, and improved storage efficiency. It will reduce the utilization cost of the renewable energy and protect the world's environment, establishing an overall clean structure of energy with a low carbon footprint. At the same time, it will change the current storage methods for renewable and sustainable energy throughout the world and have a positive effect on the global energy supply strategy.
Current climate, environmental and energy policies aim at a decarbonisation of the energy sector by a transition to renewable energies on the one hand and at an increased energy efficiency on the other hand. Thereby they stimulate the interest in space-, cost-, and energy-efficient heat storage technologies. Thermochemical conversion is an attractive candidate technology for heat storage fulfilling these efficiency requirements. The design of practically any complex engineered system is accompanied by theoretical analyses based on model representations. Thus, numerical modelling is particularly important for thermochemical heat storage systems to help realise their potential and to advance the technology from the laboratory to a commercial setting. This article reviews modelling work in the context of heat storage and transformation aimed at capturing the coupled multi-physical processes that are relevant to the simulation of thermochemical heat storage in a space- and time-resolved manner.
This paper deals with the dietary daily intakes of main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in French children and adolescents.
Power grids coordinate a diverse set of energy systems (generators, loads, storage devices) to ensure that supply and demands are matched at multiple timescales (from hours to milliseconds). Such coordination is achieved through hierarchical market transactions. This work presents an optimization framework to evaluate revenue opportunities provided by these multi-scale market hierarchies and to determine optimal participation strategies for individual participants. The proposed framework models day-ahead and real-time transactions of energy, ancillary services, and virtual bidding products provided by independent system operators (ISOs). We apply the framework to a combined heat and power system and a utility-scale battery to determine revenue potential from different market layers and products. Analysis using real price signals for 2015 from the California ISO reveals that 60–90% of the total revenue potential (obtained by participating in all markets) is provided by real-time markets alone (which operate at fast timescales). Our studies also indicate that providing ancillary services (in addition to day-ahead and real-time energy products) increases revenue potential by 40–100%, depending on the physical flexibility of the technology. The proposed framework can be used to identify which market layers and products offer the greatest economic potential for different energy technologies. Our results also highlight that existing techno-economic studies that focus exclusively on day-ahead energy markets (operating at slower timescales) can dramatically undervalue dynamic flexibility.
Microfluidic co-laminar flow cells with dual-pass architecture enable fuel recirculation and in-situ regeneration, and offer improvements in performance characteristics. In this work, a unique analytical cell design is proposed, with two split portions having flow-through porous electrodes. Each cell portion is first tested individually with vanadium redox species and the results are used to quantify the previously unknown crossover losses at the downstream portion of the cell, shown here to be a strong function of the flow rate. Moreover, the upstream cell portion demonstrates impressive room-temperature power density up to 0.75Wcm−2 at 1.0Acm−2, which is the highest performance reported to date for a microfluidic vanadium redox battery. Next, the two cell portions are connected in parallel to resemble a complete cell with dual-pass architecture, thereby enabling novel in-situ diagnostics of the inlet and outlet passes of the cell. For instance, the reactant utilization efficiency of the downstream cell portion is shown to be on the same order as that of the upstream portion at both low and high flow rates. Furthermore, in-situ regeneration is also demonstrated. Overall, the present results provide a deeper understanding of dual-pass reactant conversion and crossover which will be useful for future device optimization.
A 100-mAh class of aluminum-laminated film packaged organic radical battery with a poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) composite cathode and a graphite anode has been fabricated. Its total weight was 22g and the thickness was 4.3mm. Because PTMA comprised only 6.2% of the total cell weight, the energy density was considerably less than that of a lithium ion battery. However, the power density per active material weight was found to be better than that of lithium ion battery. The applications which require high-power capability rather than high-energy density, such as the sub-battery in electronic devices and motor drive assistance in electric vehicles, would be appropriate for organic radical batteries in the future.
We report the neuropsychological and MRI investigation of a patient (MV) who developed a selective impairment of visual-spatial working memory (WM) with preservation not only of verbal, but also of visual shape WM, following an ischemic lesion in the cerebral territory supplied by one of the terminal branches of the right anterior cerebral artery. MV was defective in visual-spatial WM whether the experimental procedure involved arm movement for target pointing or not. Also, in agreement with the role generally assigned to visual-spatial WM in visual imagery, MV was extremely slow in the mental rotation of visually and verbally presented objects. In striking contrast with the WM deficit, MV's visual-spatial long-term memory was intact. The behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of MV provides support for the hypothesis that the superior frontal gyrus (BA 6) and the dorsomedial cortex of the parietal lobe (BA 7) are part of the neural circuitry underlying visual-spatial WM in humans.
This is the first neuropathology report of a male patient (born 1960–died 1975) with an extremely rare, atypical variant of CLN2 that has been diagnosed only in five families so far. The clinical history started during his preschool years with relatively mild motor and psychological difficulties, but with normal intellect and vision. Since age six there were progressive cerebellar and extrapyramidal symptomatology, amaurosis, and mental deterioration. Epileptic seizures were absent. The child died aged 15 years in extreme cachexy. Neuropathology revealed neurolysosomal storage of autofluorescent, curvilinear and subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) rich material. The neuronal storage led to laminar neuronal depopulation in the cerebral cortex and to a practically total eradication of the cerebellar cortical neurons. The other areas of the central nervous system including hippocampus, which are usually heavily affected in classical forms of CLN2, displayed either a lesser degree or absence of neuronal storage, or storage without significant neuronal loss. Transformation of the stored material to the spheroid like perikaryal inclusions was rudimentary. The follow-up, after 30 years, showed heterozygous values of TPP1 (tripeptidylpeptidase 1) activity in the white blood cells of both parents and the sister. DNA analysis of CLN2 gene identified a paternal frequent null mutation c.622C > T (p.Arg208 X) in the 6th exon and a maternal novel mutation c.1439 T > G in exon 12 (p.Val480Gly). TPP1 immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody gave negative results in the brain and other organs. Our report supports the notion that the spectrum of CLN2 phenotypes may be surprisingly broad. The study revealed variable sensitivities in neuronal subpopulations to the metabolic defect which may be responsible for the variant’s serious course.
According to recent literature and technical analyses, used batteries from electric vehicles can still be used, before the final treatment at the end-of-life, in stationary applications that are usually less stressing than the automotive ones. In this framework, a circular economy inspired pathway is emerging between the building and the transportation sector, generally called “second life” of batteries. Used batteries from electric vehicles can be re-used in residential buildings together with renewable electricity generation technologies to improve the matching between the highly variable electricity generation from renewables and the electricity demand in buildings. This study aims to contribute to the assessment of the environmental sustainability of using battery storage systems for stationary applications made of used batteries in substitution of new batteries in a life cycle perspective. The analysis is performed considering an expanded circular system that includes both the functions provided in buildings (provide the electricity required in a residential building for a specific time frame) and in the transportation sector (provide electricity needed for driving until the battery capacity reached about 80% of the rated capacity). The study shows that reusing used batteries as stationary storage systems in residential buildings can enhance the overall environmental sustainability of the two systems considered. In particular, the environmental impacts decrease of a percentage ranging from around -4% (in cumulative energy demand) to -17% (in abiotic depletion potential). The examined strategy can contribute to initiate the transition towards a circular and low-carbon economy.
NiV2O6/C composites are prepared via a solid-state conversion process by low temperature (150 °C) annealing nickel‑vanadium-based coordination polymer, [Ni(phen)H2O][V2O6]. The obtained NiV2O6/C nanoribbons are interconnected to form a sponge-like morphology, when the composites are first used as supercapacitor electrode, it exhibits a specific capacitance of 745.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with a good rate capability of 520.0 F g−1 (69.7% retention) at 10 A g−1 (20-folds). The NiV2O6/C composite exhibits good cycling performance, the capacitance retentions at 6000th and 12000th charging/discharging cycles at 2 A g−1 are 81.5% and 77.8% relative to the original capacitances, respectively. The morphological and compositional changes of the NiV2O6/C composite electrode before and after 12,000 GCD cycles (two-electrode system) are carefully elaborated through a series of characterization (SEM, EDS, and XPS). Furthermore, the NiV2O6/C nanoribbons possess reversible electrochromism, which is probably related to the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT, VIV → VV).
In the present paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are successfully assembled on graphite felt (GF) using sucrose pyrolysis method for the first time. The in situ formed pyrolytic carbon is chosen as the binder because it is essentially carbon materials as well as CNTs and GF which has a natural tendency to achieve high bonding strength and low contact resistance. The MWCNTs/GF electrode is demonstrated to increase surface area, reduce polarization, lower charge transfer resistance and improve energy conversion efficiency comparing with GF. This excellent electrochemical performance is mainly ascribed to the high electro-catalytic activity of MWCNTs and increasing surface area.
We present an optical detection method for rapid measurement of the positive side reactions in vanadium flow batteries (VFB). By measuring the transmittance of the positive electrolytes in VFB, the states of charge (SOC) of the positive electrolytes can be detected at very high resolution (better than 0.002% in the SOC range from 98% to 100%), due to the nonlinear transmittance spectra caused by the interactions between V(IV) and V(V) ions. The intensity of the positive side reactions of a VFB can be rapidly measured by a few steps, attributing to the fact that the positive side reactions occur only during the high voltage charging process. The ratios of the positive side reactions at different charge currents and different flow rates are obtained while causing no damage to the battery. This optical detection method can rapidly determine the optimal parameters of the VFB system, providing new means for studying the electrochemical reactions in the VFB system and rapid test in industrial production of VFBs.
To improve fuel cell design and performance, research studies supported by a wide variety of physical and electrochemical methods have to be carried out. Among the different techniques, current distribution measurement owns the desired feature that can be performed during operation, revealing information about internal phenomena when the fuel cell is working. Moreover, short durability is one of the main problems that is hindering fuel cell wide implementation and it is known to be related to current density heterogeneities over the electrode surface. A good flow channel geometry design can favor a uniform current density profile, hence hypothetically extending fuel cell life. With this, it was thought that a study on the influence of flow channel geometry on the performance of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell using current distribution measurement should be a very solid work to optimize flow field design. Results demonstrate that the 4 step serpentine and pin-type geometries distribute the reactants more effectively, obtaining a relatively flat current density map at higher current densities than parallel or interdigitated ones and yielding maximum powers up to 25% higher when using oxygen as comburent. If air is the oxidant chosen, interdigitated flow channels perform almost as well as serpentine or pin-type due to that the flow conditions are very important for this geometry.
Epilepsy can affect perception. Ictal perceptual experiences are common, but interictal perceptual function may also be affected. This article reviews the English-language literature on interictal perceptual disturbances in epilepsy. Although most studies report impaired perceptual ability, heightened sensitivity has also been described. There is a compelling, though not absolute, correlation between affected sensory modality and underlying epilepsy syndrome. Olfaction is clearly affected in temporal lobe epilepsy, while visual information processing is disturbed in occipital lobe epilepsy. The cause of interictal perceptual dysfunction is unknown, but propagating epileptiform discharges may play a role. The presence of specific perceptual disturbances in focal epilepsy syndromes is consistent with the view that epilepsy is a network disease, with the potential to affect neural circuits distant from the seizure focus. The use of thoughtfully selected psychophysical perceptual tasks may provide additional insight into the cognitive impact of different epilepsy syndromes and of ablative epilepsy surgery.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as promising candidates for current energy-storage technologies due to their remarkable advantages in energy density and theoretical capacity. However, one of the daunting challenges remained for advanced Li–S systems thus far deals with the synchronous suppression of polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle and acceleration of redox kinetics. Herein, a cooperative interface bridging adsorptive V2O3 and conductive graphene is constructed in-situ by virtue of direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), resulting in the design of a novel V2O3-graphene hybrid host to synergize the LiPS entrapment and conversion. The redox kinetics and electrochemical performances of thus-derived cathodes were accordingly enhanced owing to the smooth adsorption-diffusion-conversion of LiPSs even at a sulfur mass loading of 3.7 mg cm–2. Such interfacial engineering offers us a valuable opportunity to gain insight into the comprehensive regulation of LiPS anchoring ability, electrical conductivity and ion diffusive capability in hybrid hosts on suppressing the LiPS shuttle and propelling the redox kinetics. Our devised PECVD route might pave a new route toward the facial and economic design of hetero-phased multi-functional hosts for high-performance Li–S systems.
Lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices owing to its high energy density and environment friendliness. However, the low electronic conductivity of sulfur and the high solubility of intermediates in electrolyte are the challenges for its wide applications. To address these issues, we report a novel architecture, a coral-like reduced graphene oxide/tungsten sulfide hybrid, as host for sulfur cathode. This hybrid is fabricated by in-situ growing tungsten sulfide nanoflakes on a reduced graphene oxide aerogel, providing not only a 3D network for electronic conductivity, but also a large surface area to entrap chemically the intermediates. As expected, the sulfur cathode based on this hybrid support exhibits a high discharge capacity of 1531 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and a high sulfur utilization of 91.6%. Even at a high rate of 1 C, an initial specific capacity of 883 mAh g−1 and an extremely low capacity-decay rate of 0.086% per cycle are still achieved. The ability of the resulting hybrid to entrap the intermediates is confirmed by combining physical characterization and theoretical calculations.
Our augmented bond valence approach may be used to establish structure–property relationships in solid electrolytes, to identify the mobile species and to locate energetically favorable transport pathways for the mobile type of ions through the bond valence sum mismatch “landscape” created by the immobile substructure. Here ion transport pathways of crystalline and glassy Li+ ion conductors are analysed. Beyond the visualization of pathways the bond valence analysis also provides assessments of the relevant activation energies and thereby helps to clarify transport mechanisms and to identify promising novel ion conducting materials. The approach is particularly useful for the analysis of disordered systems such as ion conducting glasses, where particularly strong structure conductivity correlation has been identified.
Spinel Li4Ti5O12 thin film anode material for lithium-ion batteries is prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Thin film anodes are deposited at ambient temperature, then annealed at three different temperatures under an argon gas flow and the influence of annealing temperatures on their electrochemical performances is studied. The microstructure and morphology of the films are characterized by XRD, SEM and AFM. Electrochemical properties of the films are evaluated by using galvanostatic discharge/charge tests, cyclic voltammetry and a.c. impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that all annealed films crystallize and exhibit good cycle performance. The optimum annealing temperature is about 700°C. The steady-state discharge capacity of the films is about 157mAhg−1 at a medium discharge/charge current density of 10μAcm−2. At a considerably higher discharge/charge current density of 60μAcm−2 (about 3.45C) the discharge capacity of the films remains steady at a relative high value (146mAhg−1). The cycleability of the films is excellent. This implies that such films are suitable for electrodes to be used at high discharge/charge current density.
Due to limited energy density of batteries, energy management has always played a critical role in improving the overall energy efficiency of electric vehicles. In this paper, a key issue within the energy management problem will be carefully tackled, i.e., maximizing the power usage of batteries for battery-powered electrical vehicles with in-wheel motors. To this end, the battery and motor dynamics will be thoroughly examined with particular emphasis on the power conversion and power utilization. The optimal control strategy will then be derived based on the analysis. One significant contribution of this work is that an analytic expression for the optimal operating point in terms of the component and environment parameters can be obtained. Owing to this finding, the derived control strategy is also rendered a simple structure for real-time implementation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy works both adaptively and robustly under different driving scenarios.