batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A new miniature DMFC system that includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel tank and a passive ancillary system (termed “thermal-fluids management system” in this paper) is presented. The thermal-fluids management system utilizes passive approaches for fuel storage and delivery, air breathing, water management, CO2 release and thermal management. With 5.1g of neat methanol in the fuel cartridge, a prototype has successfully demonstrated 18h of continuous operation with total power output of 1.56Wh.
We explored a new approach within the field of hybrid materials, namely, an integration of an electroactive inorganic molecule into a conducting polymer that in turn is intercalated into an extended inorganic oxide. In particular we present the specific material formed by hexacyanoferrate-doped polypyrrole or polyaniline inserted in turn into layered V2O5. This novel kind of hybrid with three components interacting at a molecular level is what we have called, triple hybrid materials (THM). The synthetic approach was based on our earlier work on PAni/V2O5, PAni/HCF and PPy/HCF systems. The materials obtained were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, elemental analyses, and ICP. The electrochemical properties of THMs as insertion cathodes in rechargeable Li cells were also explored. The initial specific charge was high for PPy/HCF/V2O5 system (160Ahkg−1), giving a greater value than for their corresponding simple hybrids: PPy/HCF (69Ahkg−1) and PPy/V2O5 (120Ahkg−1). Repeated charge–discharge cycles showed a poor cyclability, which could be related to the voltage limit values during recharge, overoxidation of the polymer, or to the detrimental effect of structural water from THMs. Nevertheless, the present work showed a novel route towards a more complex and versatile electroactive hybrid design.
The study attempts to examine the symmetric and the asymmetric impact of volatility of economic growth on the inequality of income in the major ASEAN economies over the period 1980–2015. Financial development, trade openness as a proxy of globalization, inflation, human capital formation, and fiscal policy are utilized as major control variables. The paper tries to explore the causal association between inequality of income distribution and economic growth volatility, exploring simultaneously the long-run association and the short-run dynamics in the time series structure. The study applied Clemente–Montanes–Reyes unit root test to identify the structural break in the time series. Further, the cointegrating relationship of the time series observations was explored by applying the ARDL (linear) bounds test approach along with the nonlinear ARDL for making fruitful comparisons in the long-run relationship among the variables. The countries chosen are Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore and The Philippines. The empirical findings strongly suggest a long-run cointegrating relationship between income inequality and growth volatility with a positive and statistically significant impact. Also, the causality analysis was explored using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) method of Granger causality. The causality test shows that there exists bidirectional causality from inequality transmission to economic growth volatility. The implications that are developed from this study helps us to understand the various policy reforms in the ASEAN region, that are more transparent and can make these economies less susceptible to risks.
The thermal properties of Li4/3Ti5/3O4 and Li1+x Mn2O4 electrodes were investigated by isothermal micro-calorimetry (IMC). The 150-mAhg−1 capacity of a Li/Li4/3Ti5/3O4 half cell was obtained through the voltage plateau that occurs at 1.55V during the phase transition from spinel to rock salt. Extra capacity below 1.0V was attributed to the generation of a new phase. The small and constant entropy change of Li4/3Ti5/3O4 during the spinel/rock-salt phase transition indicated its good thermal stability. Accelerated rate calorimetry confirmed that Li4/3Ti5/3O4 has better thermal characteristics than graphite. The IMC results for a Li/Li1+x Mn2O4 half cell indicated less heat variation due to the suppression of the order/disorder change by lithium doping. The heat profiles of the Li4/3Ti5/3O4/Li1+x Mn2O4 full cell indicated less heat generation compared with a mesocarbon-microbead graphite/Li1+x Mn2O4 cell.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Hydrocotyl bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam (Apiaceae) is being widely used in Western Nigeria in treating various symptoms of ophthalmic diseases; however scientific data in support of this medicinal use have not been reported. Aim of the study This study, investigated the efficacy of Hydrocotyl bonariensis leave extract in offering protection against experimental cataract and also examined its remediation effect when administered after cataract onset. Materials and methods Weanling albino rats fed with 30% galactose diet were used in the study. Mechanisms of action of the extract were investigated by measuring the degree of lens peroxidation, lens antioxidant status and lens protein concentration. Severity of cataract was determined by measuring the cataract index. Results The extract at 500mgkg−1 reduced cataract index significantly and also reduced cataract progression when administered after cataract onset. Administration of this dosage also significantly reduced the degree of lens peroxidation, increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the lens catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. The extract also prevents protein insolubilization. Administration of the extract at 1000mgkg−1 reduced cataract index and lens peroxidation but did not increase the antioxidant status significantly. Administration of the extract after cataract onset reduced cataract index, moderately increased percentage soluble protein above the value prior to the arrest of hypergalactosemia but did not increase the antioxidant status. Conclusion Our study suggests that Hydrocotyl bonariensis protects against galactose-induced cataract, and that administration of the extract after cataract onset reduced cataract progression but did not reverse cataractogenesis.
Energy is instrumental for the development and economic growth of a country. Although Bangladesh is known as a developing country in South Asia, it has been recognized as a model country by the United Nations for its remarkable achievements in attaining the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Successive governments of the country have taken several developmental initiatives that aim to improve the standard of living and to provide basic rights to the citizens. An increase in the demand for energy, particularly electricity, is a normal consequence of many of these initiatives. Thus, the provision of sufficient electricity has become a genuine challenge for the government. Studies have indicated that even if the national demand for electricity remains static, another 35 years is required by the government to provide electricity to all, given the current production pace. Providing electricity to all may nearly be an impossible task because of the ever-increasing demand for electricity. The situation in rural areas, where many people are deprived of electricity supply, is even severe. Fortunately, this coastal and agro-based country is geographically located in an area that has a potential in exploiting different renewable forms of energy. Therefore, renewable energy sources can be considered potential solutions to satisfy the future energy demand of the country and to provide electricity, particularly in rural areas. Bangladesh is one of the countries that is seriously vulnerable to the effects of climate change; hence, the use of renewable energy can contribute to mitigate the effects of both climate change and environmental degradation in the country.
Battery models are riddled with incongruous values of parameters considered for validation. In this work, thermally coupled electrochemical model of the pouch is developed and discharge tests on a LiFePO4 pouch cell at different discharge rates are used to optimize the LiFePO4 battery model by determining parameters for which there is no consensus in literature. A discussion on parameter determination, selection and comparison with literature values has been made. The electrochemical model is a P2D model, while the thermal model considers heat transfer in 3D. It is seen that even with no phase change considered for LiFePO4 electrode, the model is able to simulate the discharge curves over a wide range of discharge rates with a single set of parameters provided a dependency of the radius of the LiFePO4 electrode on discharge rate. The approach of using a current dependent radius is shown to be equivalent to using a current dependent diffusion coefficient. Both these modelling approaches are a representation of the particle size distribution in the electrode. Additionally, the model has been thermally validated, which increases the confidence level in the selection of values of parameters.
The sustainability of energy resources such as transportation fuels is increasingly connected to the consumption of water resources. Water is required for irrigation in the development of bioenergy, reservoir creation in hydroelectric power generation, drilling and resource displacement in petroleum and gas production, mineral extraction in mining operations, and cooling and processing in thermoelectric power generation. Vehicles powered by petroleum, electricity, natural gas, ethanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen fuel cells consume water resources indirectly through fuel production cycles, and it is important to understand the impacts of these technologies on water resources. Previous investigations of water consumption for transportation fuels have focused primarily on key processes and pathways, ignoring the impacts of many intermediate, inter-related processes used in fuel production cycles. Herein, the results of a life cycle analysis of water consumption for transportation fuels in the United States using an extensive system boundary that includes the water embedded in intermediate processing and transportation fuels are presented. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model provides a comprehensive framework and system boundary for transportation fuel analysis in the United States. GREET was expanded to include water consumption and used to compare the water consumed per unit energy and per km traveled in light-duty vehicles. Many alternative fuels were found to consume larger quantities of water on a per km basis than traditional petroleum pathways, and it is therefore important to consider the implications of transportation and energy policy changes on water resources in the future.
Herbal medicines are used in many countries for maintaining health and treating diseases. Their efficacy depends on the use of the correct materials, and life-threatening poisoning may occur if toxic adulterants or substitutes are administered instead. Identification of a medicinal material at the DNA level provides an objective and powerful tool for quality control. Extraction of high-quality DNA is the first crucial step in DNA authentication, followed by a battery of DNA techniques including whole genome fingerprinting, DNA sequencing and DNA microarray to establish the identity of the material. New or improved technologies have been developed and valuable data have been collected and compiled for DNA authentication. Some of these technologies and data are patentable. This article provides an overview of some recent patents that cover the extraction of DNA from medicinal materials, the amplification of DNA using improved reaction conditions, the generation of DNA sequences and fingerprints, and the development of high-throughput authentication methods. It also briefly explains why these patents have been granted.
Wearable electronic devices have become familiar to people and have been expanded to various functions via development in the field of the flexible and stretchable electronic devices. These wearable devices, such as displays, motion sensors, electromyography sensors, and electrocardiogram sensors, require input and power systems to command information and supply energy, respectively. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted attention as an eco-friendly device that provides sustainable power without an external power supply. Here, we report a self-powered stretchable TENG (S-TENG) touch sensor suitable for a wearable device that adapts to the skin's motion because of its stretchability. The S-TENG with a single-electrode structure was fabricated using atomically thin graphene (<1 nm), polyethylene terephthalate (∼5 μm), and polydimethylsiloxane (∼5 μm) as the electrode, substrate, and electrification layer, respectively. The stretchability was realized through an auxetic mesh design, which helps to obtain stable mechanical and electrical properties while stretching. The S-TENG touch sensor not only senses the touch point but can also perform improved extended functions such as detection of touch sliding velocity and information input through the trajectory mode. The developed S-TENG touch sensor showed good potential for future wearable input applications and is capable of long-term performance without an energy supply.
Recycling high-valuable metal elements (such as Li, Ni, Co, Al and Cu elements) from scrapped lithium ion batteries can bring significant economic benefits. However, recycling and reusing anode material has not yet attracted wide attention up to now, due to the lower added-value than the above valuable metal materials and the difficulties in regenerating process. In this paper, a novel regeneration process with significant green advance is proposed to regenerate anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries for the first time. After regenerated, most acetylene black (AB) and all the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) in recycled anode material are removed, and the surface of anode material is coated with pyrolytic carbon from phenolic resin again. Finally, the regenerated anode material (graphite with coating layer, residual AB and a little CMC pyrolysis product) is obtained. As expected, all the technical indexs of regenerated anode material exceed that of a midrange graphite with the same type, and partial technical indexs are even closed to that of the unused graphite. The results indicate the effective regeneration of anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries is really achieved.
Several aspects of the open circuit voltage (OCV) characterization of Li-ion batteries as it applies to battery fuel gauging (BFG) in portable applications are considered in this paper. Accurate knowledge of the nonlinear relationship between the OCV and the state of charge (SOC) is required for adaptive SOC tracking during battery usage. BFG in portable applications requires this OCV–SOC characterization to meet additional constraints: (i) The OCV–SOC characterization has to be defined with a minimum number of parameters; (ii) It should be easily computable and invertible with few operations; and (iii) Computation of the model, its derivative and its inverse should be possible in a numerically stable way. With the help of OCV–SOC characterization data collected from 34 battery cells each at 16 different temperatures ranging from −25 °C to 50 °C, we present the following results in this paper: (a) A robust normalized OCV modeling approach that dramatically reduces the number of OCV–SOC parameters and as a result simplifies and generalizes the BFG across temperatures and aging, (b) Several novel functions for OCV modeling, (c) Efficient methods to simplify the computations of OCV functions, (d) Novel methods for OCV parameter estimation, and (e) A detailed performance analysis.
This study investigated the temporal activation of arginase in obese Zucker rats (ZR) and determined if arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin resistance in these animals. Arginase activity, plasma arginine and nitric oxide (NO) concentration, blood pressure, and insulin resistance were measured in lean and obese animals. There was a chronological increase in vascular and plasma arginase activity in obese ZR beginning at 8 weeks of age. The increase in arginase activity in obese animals was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity and circulating levels of arginine and NO. The rise in arginase activity also preceded the increase in blood pressure in obese ZR detected at 12 weeks of age. Chronic treatment of 8-week-old obese animals with an arginase inhibitor or l-arginine for 4 weeks prevented the development of hypertension and improved plasma concentrations of arginine and NO. Arginase inhibition also improved insulin sensitivity in obese ZR while l-arginine supplementation had no effect. In conclusion, arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin sensitivity while l-arginine administration only mitigates hypertension in obese animals. Arginase represents a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating obesity-associated vascular and metabolic dysfunction.
All-solid-state sodium batteries (Na-ASSBs) are regarded as an ecologic and economical alternative to their Li congeners for stationary applications. Ceramic-based Na-ASSBs benefit from the high conductivity of the oxide Na-ion conductors used as electrolyte, as well as from their good mechanical, chemical and thermodynamic stability. However, so far Na-ASSBs suffer from severe contact problems in the positive electrodes and subsequently unsatisfactory cell performance. In this report, the inter-ceramic contact problems are solved by combining the infiltration of a porous electrolyte scaffold by precursor solution with in situ synthesis of electrode active material (chemical infiltration) to fabricate model cells using Na3V2P3O12 (NVP), Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 (NZSP) and Na as the positive electrode, electrolyte and negative electrode materials, respectively. Optimized interface between NVP nano layer and NZSP backbone was formed, providing effective ion transfer and minimizing the stress caused by volume change of electrode active material during charging and discharging processes. The interface resulted in a highly stable battery performance at 25 °C. The performances, achieved without using any liquid or polymer phase as an accommodation medium, suggest a promising future for chemical infiltration as fabrication process for ceramic-based ASSBs.
Herein, mesoporous hollow kapok-tubes (denoted as MHKTs) is first used as carbon electrocatalyst for CO2 electroreduction that can selectively convert CO2 to formate without doping active elements, achieving the highest Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for formate at a potential range from −1.0 to −1.1 V vs. RHE (E = −1.0 V, FE = 48%; E = −1.1 V, FE = 50%). Moreover, MHKTs is also first used as new carbon support for loading metals in CO2 electroreduction, metals (Sn, Bi, Pb and Cd) in-situ anchored on MHKTs are all prepared via in-situ simple one-pot synthetic strategy. The four electrocatalysts Sn@MHKTs (E = −0.9 V, FE = 94%; E = −1.0 V, FE = 95%; E = −1.1 V, FE = 90%), Bi@MHKTs (E = −0.9 V, FE = 90.5%; E = −1.0 V, FE = 93%; E = −1.1 V, FE = 92%), Pb@MHKTs (E = −1.0 V, FE = 85%; E = −1.1 V, FE = 80%) and Cd@MHKTs (E = −0.9 V, FE = 71%; E = −1.0 V, FE = 74%; E = −1.1 V, FE = 70%) all exhibit high selectivity for electrocatalytic CO2 to formate at a wide potential range with low overpotential and high current density, respectively outperforming electrocatalysts synthesized under the same conditions that use traditional MWCNTs and rGO as carbon support (Sn@MWCNTs, Bi@MWCNTs, Pb@MWCNTs, Cd@MWCNTs; Sn@rGO, Bi@rGO, Pb@rGO, Cd@rGO). These outstanding performances of low cost metal@MHKTs electrocatalysts display great potential for large-scale using in CO2-to-formate process.
Todorokite type Mg x MnO2·yH2O which possesses 3×3 large tunnel structure was prepared through hydrothermal treatment of layer manganese dioxide, buserite, at 120–200°C. In non-aqueous Li and Mg cells, electrochemical insertion of Li+ and Mg2+ into the todorokite products occurred utilizing the preferable large tunnel for their diffusion. By heat-treatment up to 300°C, cycle performances in Li cell were improved by removing water molecules from the todorokite tunnel.
In this paper we propose a new way for Mössbauer data treatment when numerous experimental spectra are recorded in operando conditions depending on a perturbation. In our example, the perturbation is the Li amount extracted from a positive electrode material LiFe0.75Mn0.25PO4. In other cases perturbation could be the recording temperature, the pressure or kinetic parameter or even time for isothermal experiments. From analysis of both synchronous and asynchronous 2D-correlation spectra, we can focus our attention on the intensity variations at some specific positions deduced from cross-peaks. This analytical method is very powerful when overlap between absorption lines is observed. This is typically the case when Fe2+/Fe3+ contributions are simultaneously present in a Mössbauer spectrum at lower velocities.
Complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs) have advantages in offering deeper switching over singer-layer ECDs. Therefore, it is important to gain an insight into the dominant factors that control the electrochromic performance of complementary ECDs. In this study, the design of complementary ECDs with two reversible redox electrodes operating in series is presented. By combining the electrochemical and optical properties of these two electrodes, design equations suitable for complementary ECDs are derived. As the overall extent of electrochromic reaction involved in an ECD is limited by the electrode with a lower charge capacity, the effect of charge capacity ratio on the optical attenuation range can be predicted. The required parameters in the design equations are evaluated from the fabricated cell. As an example, the tungsten oxide–Prussian blue system is discussed. The empirical prediction of the optical attenuation range is fitted well with the experimental results.
Presenting Author details:ASchrein@jacde.jnj.com Raiffeisenstrasse 8, 41470 Neuss, Germany, Tel.: +49 213 7 955153. Background: This study reports data from a computerized cognitive test battery (Cogtest) applied in a control group of healthy volunteers and derives neurocognitive domain scores for future assessment of baseline deficits and cognitive changes associated with treating clinical populations. Methods: A computerized cognitive assessment was performed on a sample of healthy subjects in the United States with education and gender similar to patients from completed studies (treatment-resistant depression, schizophrenia) and stratified by age. Cognitive tests included Workstation Orientation, Auditory Number Sequencing, Object Working Memory, Continuous Performance Tests – Identical Pairs version and Flanker version, Face Memory, Word List Memory, Set Shifting, Strategic Target Detection, Penn's Emotion Acuity and Tapping Speed. Subjects were retested after approximately 4 weeks to assess prior exposure effects and test–retest stability. Results: In total, 124 healthy volunteers were studied with approximately 30 people in each of four age groups (mean age 49.5, range 18–87 years); 51.6% were female. For each test score, T-scores and age-adjusted T-scores were computed. T-scores were combined into domain scores (processing speed, attention-vigilance, reasoning problem solving, working memory, declarative memory and social cognition). A global Neurocognitive Composite Score was computed by averaging relevant T-scores. Age effects were found for most uncorrected T-score values, with expected linear effects at 18–65 years and an additional quadratic component reflecting steeper declines at older ages (>65 years). Overall test–retest reliability was high. Conclusion: The results from this control group of healthy volunteers offer a useful platform for analysis of patient-oriented research studies that use these cognitive tests. Acknowledgement: Supported by Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, L.L.C.