batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Li-B alloy can be used as a lithium-metal anode, and this alloy maintains the entire structure of Li7B6 constituents after the removal of free Li. In this study, a compact Li-Al layer which allows electron and ion transport to form in situ on the Li-B electrode was developed to solve the fundamental challenges of the Li-metal anode. Results of symmetric-cell tests show that the Li-Al layer coating on Li-B electrode can improve cyclic life over 1200 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, whereas bare Li-B electrode has stable cycles not exceeding 800 h. Results of scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrate that Li deposition occurs beneath the Li-Al layer, and that the Li-Al alloy layer effectively reduces Li-metal corrosion and suppress the formation of Li dendrites. When matched with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode, the Li-B with Li-Al layer shows improved cycle stability and lower voltage difference than bare Li-B anode.
The study of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is important in that: it is common and heterogeneous; the etiology is unknown; and patients report broad cognitive problems. We utilized a broad battery of neuropsychometric tests to assess the following: intellectual function, memory, language and naming, executive function, the impact of epilepsy, and antiepilepsy drug side effects. Sixty people with drug-refractory JME were interviewed, and performance was profoundly impaired across the range of tests. Impairments included the following: full-scale IQ (89, p<0.001); processing speed (86, p<0.001); visual memory (immediate and delayed) more affected than verbal memory; verbal fluency and inhibition (p<0.001); and self-reported drug side effects (p<0.001). Eighty-three percent of patients exhibited frank executive dysfunction, which was moderate to severe in 66%. Regression modeling confirmed that an early age at onset and the need for polytherapy were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. This study confirms previous reports of executive dysfunction in a larger cohort and with greater statistical rigor. We also identified a high prevalence of neurotoxicity symptoms such as fatigue and poorer functioning across intellectual and memory tests than had previously been reported.
Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbons (BNCs) were prepared through a facile procedure using citric acid, boric acid and nitrogen as C, B and N precursors, respectively. The BNC samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen sorption at 77K. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments were adopted to investigate their electrochemical behaviors. The BNC-9 and BNC-15 samples with high specific surface areas of 894 and 726m2 g−1 showed the large specific capacitance up to 268 and 173Fg−1, respectively, with the current of 0.1Ag−1. When the current was set as 1Ag−1, the energy densities were 3.8 and 3.0Whkg−1 and the power densities were 165 and 201Wkg−1 for BNC-9 and BNC-15, respectively. Thus, BNC-15 is more suitable to apply in high-power-demanded occasion, while BNC-9 tends to store more energy.
Separation tests using hollow-fibre modules were performed for the difficult selective extraction of trivalent actinides over fission lanthanides from acidic media. This article shows that with 2,6-di(5,6-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine as the extractant, up to 94% americium could be extracted from 1.0 kmol/m3 HNO3, with minimal lanthanide co-extraction. Using a synergistic mixture of bis(chlorophenyl)dithiophosphinic acid and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide, tests were performed on extraction, lanthanide scrubbing and stripping. In the extraction test, up to 99.99% americium could be extracted from 0.5 kmol/m3 HNO3, with approximately one third of the lanthanides being co-extracted. Mass transfer calculations using a consistent set of input data showed good agreement with the experiments.
Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) integration with autonomous PV/Wind hybrid power system becomes, currently, an interesting option for the improvement of the storage units' reliability and the life cycle assessment. In this paper, a new method for optimally sizing of HESS based on a statistical approach is proposed. This approach aims to exploit the capacity distribution of hybrid supercapacitor-battery system in an autonomous PV/Wind power generation system. This hybridization, of both slow and fast dynamics, aims to eliminate the power peaks caused by the load consumption. For the power distribution for all coordinated components of the storage system, a frequency management control and a hysteresis strategy are used in order to accomplish two goals: firstly, to delimit this exchanged power for not exceeding the maximum value and, secondly, to keep the States Of Charge (SOC) of the batteries-supercapacitors in a suitable range. Moreover, statistical analysis of several cumulative levels was performed to examine their contribution on the HESS optimal sizing. The obtained results prove that the integration of supercapacitor takes advantage of the complementary characteristics of the batteries, improves the exchanged power flow, extends the battery life cycle and affects on storage system sizing through accommodate the fast power fluctuations.
Background We previously developed a novel method of identifying children aged 9–12years who may be at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia and the spectrum disorders because they present a triad of putative antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz). The present study aimed to determine whether ASz children also present neurocognitive deficits that are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-eight ASz children and 28 typically-developing (TD) children without the antecedents of schizophrenia completed a battery of neurocognitive tests assessing seven domains of function: General intelligence, scholastic achievement, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function (EF)–verbal fluency, and EF–inhibition. Results Relative to TD children, the ASz group showed poorer performance on all neurocognitive tests (mean Cohen's d effect size=0.52). In linear regression analyses, group status (ASz vs. TD) significantly predicted scores on the general intelligence, verbal memory, working memory, and EF–inhibition domains (p <0.05). The severity of problems on each of the individual antecedents comprising the antecedent triad did not relate strongly to performance on the neurocognitive domains. Conclusions Children aged 9–12years who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia display poorer neurocognition than healthy peers on several domains showing pronounced deficits in schizophrenia, first-episode psychosis, and youth with prodromal symptoms. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to determine the extent to which poorer neurocognitive performance is specific to those who develop schizophrenia.
Anode materials are very crucial in lithium ion batteries. Exploring the simple and low cost production of anodes with excellent electrochemical performance remains a great challenge. Here, we used natural flower spikes of Typha orientalis as the bio-templates and organizers to prepare a novel two-dimensional (2D) porous print fabric-like α-Fe2O3 sheet with thickness of about 30nm. The prepared large-area sheets were orderly assembled by many nanosheets or nanoparticles, and two kinds of pore structures, such as pores with average diameter of about 50nm or pore channels with aspect ratio of ca. 4, presented between adjacent nanosheets. The pre-treatment by ammonium for flower spikes has a great effect on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the products. As the anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB), the as-obtained porous print fabric-like α-Fe2O3 sheets show an initial discharge capacity of 2264mA h g−1 and the specific capacity of 1028mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500mAg−1, which is higher than the theoretical capacity of α-Fe2O3 (1007mAhg−1). This highly reversible capacity is attributed to the very thin large-area sheet structure, and many pores or pore channels among the interconnected nanosheets, which could increase lithium-ion mobility, facilitate the transport of electrons and shorten the distance for Li+ diffusion, and also buffer large volume changes of the anodes during lithium insertion and extraction at the same time. The synthesis process is very simple, providing a low-cost production approach toward high-performance energy storage materials.
We have studied some supercapacitor cell assemblies based on high surface area nickel and nickel oxide materials. Both symmetric and asymmetric configurations consisting of nickel and nickel oxide with activated carbon as a negative electrode have been investigated. A single electrode specific capacitance value of 473Fg−1 of nickel is obtained for the porous nickel. We have used cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge–discharge profile analysis to characterize the supercapacitor cell assemblies. Based on the analysis of impedance data in terms of complex capacitance and complex power, the relaxation time constant (τ 0) was calculated for different supercapacitor cell assemblies. The quick response time (of the order of milliseconds) with fast energy delivery at relatively high power suggests that these materials can find applications in short time pulse devices. A coulombic efficiency of 0.93–0.99 is obtained for the supercapacitor cell assemblies studied in this work. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) value is relatively high due to the contribution from the resistance offered by the pores and the contact resistance arising from the cell fabrication method. Although the specific capacitance values are relatively less, the cell exhibits a fast response time, which is a desirable property in certain specialized applications.
To reduce the polarization at oxygen electrode of a rechargeable lithium oxygen battery, Ba0.9Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ (BCFN9721) perovskite oxide was prepared and applied as a bi-functional electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Lithium oxygen battery with an oxygen electrode composed of 80% Ketjen Black (KB) and 20% BCFN9721 delivered a discharge voltage plateau of 2.63V, which is the highest among different composition ratios of KB and BCFN9721 in the oxygen electrodes. Adding 20% BCFN9721 into KB could effectively reduce the polarization and achieve better bi-functional activities for the electrochemical reactions at positive electrode, especially for the OER. The lithium oxygen battery using BCFN9721 perovskite oxide as the electro-catalyst could run stably for 24 discharge/charge cycles with a fixed capacity of 1000mAhg−1 electrode. The charge polarization could be significantly reduced by BCFN9721 catalyst, thus alleviating the formation of undesired discharge products caused by the corrosion of carbon and decomposition of the electrolyte. Ba0.9Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ perovskite oxide can be a promising bi-functional electro-catalyst for the oxygen electrode of rechargeable lithium oxygen batteries.
A number of writers argue that objects can have extrinsic final value, or that there can be a reason to value entities for their own sakes on account of their non-intrinsic features.1 Many examples have been offered of such value. Shelly Kagan suggests that a pen used by Abraham Lincoln to sign the Emancipation Proclamation might be something that “we could reasonably value for its own sake” precisely on account of the fact that it was used by Lincoln.2 Wlodek Rabinowicz and Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen suggest that someone might value a dress worn by Princess Diana for its own sake “because it has belonged to Diana.”3 And Guy Fletcher defends the view that an object can have “sentimental value,” or be “valuable for its own sake in virtue of a subset of its relational properties,” such as its relation to friends or family.4
The effect of minor addition of calcium to lithium anode on the electrochemical behavior of lithium anode in 4M LiOH at 30°C temperature is investigated by hydrogen collection, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the hydrogen evolution rate is marginally reduced with increasing calcium content. Addition of calcium to lithium mainly inhibits the anodic process. Minor addition of calcium to lithium slightly reduced the discharge current of lithium anode. Minor addition of calcium to lithium anode marginally enhances the hydrogen inhibition of lithium by the formation of calcium hydride combined with LiOH and LiOH·H2O formed on the anode surface.
Iron sulfides receive special interests as anode materials for lithium or sodium ion batteries in view of their low-cost, environmental benign, and high conductivities. Here, a combination of FeS2 microspheres and Fe3S4 microcubes with reduced graphene oxides (iron sulfides@rGO) is prepared by a facile in-situ hydrothermal method. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, iron sulfides@rGO exhibits excellent lithium storage ability. It delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1476.2 mA h/g at 100 mA/g, and 1189.6 mA h/g capacity can be maintained after 100 cycles. Most impressively, 800 mA h/g capacity can be remained after 1000 cycles even at 1 A/g.
More and more vehicles hit the European automotive market, which comprise some type of micro-hybrid functionality to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Most carmakers already offer at least one of their vehicles with an optional engine start/stop system, while some other models are sold with micro-hybrid functions implemented by default. But these car concepts show a wide variety in detail—the term “micro-hybrid” may mean a completely different functionality in one vehicle model compared to another. Accordingly, also the battery technologies are not the same. There is a wide variety of batteries from standard flooded and enhanced flooded to AGM which all are claimed to be “best choice” for micro-hybrid applications. A technical comparison of micro-hybrid cars available on the European market has been performed. Different classes of cars with different characteristics have been identified. Depending on the scope and characteristics of micro-hybrid functions, as well as on operational strategies implemented by the vehicle makers, the battery operating duties differ significantly between these classes of vehicles. Additional laboratory investigations have been carried out to develop an understanding of effects observed in batteries operated in micro-hybrid vehicles pursuing different strategies, to identify limitations for applications of different battery technologies.
Background: Students at the Universidad de Alcala need batteries of learning objects and exercises. Although student textbooks tend to include a wide range of additional exercises, students in advanced linguistics and language courses require learning objects to obtain additional practice. Online repositories offer excellent opportunities for independent study and their creation, although expensive, is usually worth developing. Purpose of Study: This paper discusses the different aspects of the project FILILAB, which is aimed at developing a learning object repository. Sources of Evidence: The sources of information used are based on authors such as Isabel Pérez. Analysis and results: This paper presents the benefits, form and construct of the repository.
A new polymeric gel electrolyte system consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-modified polymethacrylate (PEO–PMA) with organic ionic liquid dissolving magnesium salt, Mg[(CF3SO2)2N]2, has been developed. The ionic conductance and electrochemical properties of the gel films were investigated. The obtained gel film was self-standing, transparent and flexible with sufficient mechanical strength. Thermal analysis of the gel film showed that it is homogeneous and amorphous over a wide temperature range. The highest conductivity, ca. 3.5mScm−1 at 60°C, was obtained for the polymeric gel containing 80wt.% of the liquid component that consists of 80mol% of EMITFSI (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trofluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and 20mol% of Mg[(CF3SO2)2N]2. The sort of the ionic liquid affected much on the ionic conductivity of the gel. The dc polarization of a Pt/polymeric gel electrolyte/Mg cell proved that the magnesium ion (Mg2+) can mobile in the present polymeric gel system.
Tic disorders constitute a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. This study sought to determine the prevalence of tic disorders in a school-based sample. A randomized sample of 1158 schoolchildren, based on clusters (classrooms) in the province of Burgos (Spain), was identified on a stratified sampling frame combining types of educational center and setting (mainstream schools and special education), using a two-phase approach (screening and diagnosis ascertainment by a neurologist). Tics with/without impairment criterion were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. In mainstream schools, tics were observed in 125/741 students (16.86%; 95% confidence interval, 14.10-19.63), and were more frequent in boys (87/448, 19.42%; 95% confidence interval, 15.64-23.19) compared with girls (38/293, 12.96%; 95% confidence interval, 8.95-16.98; P = 0.03). In special education centers, tics disorders were observed in 11/54 of children (20.37%; 95% confidence interval, 8.70-32.03). Overall, tics with impairment criteria were less frequent than tics without impairment criteria (4.65% vs 11.85%, P < 0.0001). The most frequent diagnoses involved chronic motor tics (6.07%) and Tourette syndrome (5.26%). Tic disorders are common in childhood, and the use or nonuse of impairment criteria exerts a significant impact on tic prevalence estimates.
In this study preparation of Si and Zr doped CuO nanopowders have been investigated. The effects of Si and Zr doping and heat treatment temperature on the structural and optical properties of Nanopowders have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy. Nanopowders were obtained by sol gel method under room conditions (temperature, 25–32
In this paper a computer tool for the simulation of the dynamic pantograph–catenary interaction is presented. We model this interaction and study its behavior in the energy transmission process. The calculation of the dynamic equation of the pantograph–catenary interaction is considered from a simulation point of view by means of a high performance computing algorithm, where the amount of data and the time requirements have been dramatically reduced. Finally, the present algorithm has been used to implement an user-friendly, interactive and graphically oriented toolbox whose design is presented in this work. This tool is used for the static and dynamic analysis of a catenaries system, which is shown by means of a real case of study.
Objective There is considerable interest in cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Our study aimed to evaluate, in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia, the interest of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation program on cognitive performances of patients as well as in clinical and functional outcome. Method Seventy-seven patients with remitted schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 14 2-hours individual sessions of computer-assisted cognitive remediation (n=39) or a control condition (n=38). Remediation was performed using RehaCom ® software. Four procedures were chosen to train four cognitive functions involved in different stages of the information processing: attention/concentration, working memory, logic, and executive functions. Primary outcomes were remediation exercise metrics, neuropsychological composites (episodic memory, working memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed), clinical and community functioning measures. Results Cognitive performances concerning Attention/vigilance, verbal working memory and verbal learning memory and reasoning/problem solving improved significantly in the remediation condition when no difference was reported in the control condition between the 2 assessments. However, there were no significant benefits of cognitive remediation on non-verbal working memory and learning and speed of processing or functional outcome measures. Conclusions Cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia was effective in improving performance, but the benefits of training did not generalize to functional outcome measures. Long term follow-up studies are needed to confirm the maintenance of such improvements.
The material stability of ramsdellite type Li2+x Ti3O7 has been investigated from the view of the correlation between structural and electrochemical behaviors during Li insertion and extraction. The interfacial reaction of Li2+x Ti3O7 is identified by using AC-impedance spectroscopy and various electrochemical measurements are carefully conducted to interpret each elemental reaction of the complicated interfacial reaction. The impedance spectra indicate three semi-circles in the frequency range from 1MHz to 5mHz which fit expectations well. Li+ insertion at the interface is explained by applying the adatom model that includes desolvation and absorption of lithium ions through electron transfer and lattice incorporation.
Significant effort has been made to explore high-performance anode materials for flexible lithium-ion batteries. We report a facile hydrothermal route to synthesis self-organized bunched akaganeite (β-FeOOH) nanorod arrays directly grown on carbon cloth (CC/β-FeOOH NRAs). Interestingly, the single nanorod is assembled by numerous small nanowires. A possible growth mechanism for this unique structure is proposed. Owning to the essential crystal structure of β-FeOOH (body-centered cubic), porous morphology, high surface area and direct growth on current collector, the prepared CC/β-FeOOH NRAs manifest a very high reversible capacity of ≈2840 mAh g−1 (2.21 mAh cm−2), remarkable rate capability 568 mAh g−1 (0.43 mAh cm−2) at 10C, stable cycling performance and greater mechanical strength.
In this study, an improvement in the supercapacitive behavior of a symmetrical carbon-based supercapacitor is achieved by modifying the stainless steel current collector using platinum nanoparticles (PtNs). The PtNs are allowed to grow on the surface of the current collectors before they make contact with the surface of activated carbon electrode monoliths prepared from pre-carbonized rubber wood sawdust. All of the methods used in the present study, i.e., electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests provide consistent results, suggesting that the monolithic form of carbon electrodes and PtNs play a significant role in reducing the equivalent series resistance from 337 to 18mΩ and to increase the specific capacitance from 108 to 151Fg−1. This change improves the specific energy from 2.5 to 3.3Whkg−1 and the specific power from 275 to 288Wkg−1, respectively.
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its treatment are associated with a variety of patient-reported symptoms and impacts. Some CHC symptoms and impacts may be difficult to evaluate through objective clinical testing, and more easily measured through patient self-report. This literature review identified concepts raised by CHC patients related to symptoms, impacts, and treatment effects, and evaluated integration of these concepts within patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures. The goal of this work was to provide recommendations for incorporation of PRO measurement of concepts that are relevant to the CHC experience into CHC clinical trial design.
Answers to “Could we” and “Must we” questions would provide much-needed clarity on the desirability and feasibility of large-scale bioenergy utilization.