batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The exploitation of solar energy by autonomous, photovoltaic (PV) based systems offers the opportunity for satisfying the electrification needs of numerous remote consumers worldwide in an environmentally friendly way. On the other hand, the sustainable character of these systems is strongly questioned by the energy intensity of processes involved in the various life cycle (LC) stages of the system components. Although there are several studies concerned with the estimation of the energy pay-back period (EPBP) for grid-connected systems, the same is not valid for stand-alone configurations. In this context, an integrated methodology is currently developed in order to estimate the EPBP of PV-battery (PV-Bat) configurations ensuring 100% energy autonomy. The main scope of the proposed analysis is to determine the optimum size of a corresponding system, comprised of multi-crystalline (mc-Si) PV modules and lead-acid (PbA) batteries, based on the criterion of minimum embodied energy, i.e. minimum EPBP. For this purpose, a representative case study examined considers the electrification needs of a typical remote consumer on the Island of Rhodes, Greece. According to the results obtained, the autonomous energy character of the system is reflected by the comparatively higher EPBP in comparison with the corresponding grid-connected option, nevertheless the PV-Bat configurations analyzed clearly constitute sustainable energy solutions. Finally, in order to increase the reliability of the calculation results, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, based on the variation of the input energy content data.
A quick and efficient approach to prepare nitrogen doped graphene (NG) is proposed in this paper via microwave heating in NH3 atmosphere. Results show that graphene, as an allotrope of carbon, is a good microwave-absorbing material and can reach a high temperature in minutes, facilitating nitrogen incorporation into the structure under NH3. Elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) verified the success of N-doping with the nitrogen content of 5.04wt%. For comparison, both plain grapheme (G) and the NG were used as supporting materials for platinum to investigate their potential application in fuel cells. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the NG improved the distribution of Pt particles. Themogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) revealed better thermal stability of the Pt/NG than that of the Pt/G. Furthermore, the Pt/NG catalysts exhibited higher electrochemical active surface area, methanol catalytic activity, and tolerance to CO poisoning than those of the Pt/G under fuel cell conditions. It suggests that the NG prepared by microwave synthesis has provided a new way to improve electrocatalytic activity in fuel cells.
In children, surgery for epilepsy has been recognized as a viable treatment option since publication of S. Davidson and M.A. Falconer’s outcome study in 1975 [Lancet North Am Ed 5:1260–3], which demonstrated that medical outcome of children who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy paralleled that of adults. Pediatric surgical programs and the literature on medical outcome have grown considerably since that time, with surgery being offered to children with temporal but also extratemporal epilepsy foci. Comparatively little work has been conducted in the area of neuropsychological outcome. This article outlines differences in adult and pediatric outcome studies, reviews the literature on the intellectual and memory outcome in children, and discusses shortcomings of the pediatric outcome research conducted to date.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanofibers were obtained by the combination of electrospinning and vapor-phase polymerization. The fibers had diameters around 350nm, and were soldered at most intersections, providing a strong dimensional stability to the mats. The nanofiber mats demonstrated very high conductivity (60±10Scm−1, the highest value reported so far for polymer nanofibers) as well as improved electrochemical properties, due to the ultraporous nature of the electrospun mats. The mats were incorporated into all-textile flexible supercapacitors, using carbon cloths as the current collectors and electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes as the separator. The textile layers were stacked and embedded in a solid electrolyte containing an ionic liquid and PVDF-co-HFP as the host polymer. The resulting supercapacitors were totally flexible and demonstrated interesting and stable performances in ambient conditions.
Launching new products in the consumer electronics market is challenging. Developing and marketing the same in limited time affect the sustainability of such companies. This research work introduces a model that can predict the success of a product. A Feature Information Gain (FIG) measure is used for significant feature identification and Distributed Memory-based Resilient Dataset Filter (DMRDF) is used to eliminate duplicate reviews, which in turn improves the reliability of the product reviews. The pre-processed dataset is used for prediction of product pre-launch in the market using classifiers such as Logistic regression and Support vector machine. DMRDF method is fault-tolerant because of its resilience property and also reduces the dataset redundancy; hence, it increases the prediction accuracy of the model. The proposed model works in a distributed environment to handle a massive volume of the dataset and therefore, it is scalable. The output of this feature modelling and prediction allows the manufacturer to optimize the design of his new product.
Improvements in building end-use efficiency have significantly reduced the energy intensity of new buildings, but diminishing returns make it a challenge to build very-low energy buildings cost-effectively. A largely untapped efficiency strategy is to improve the efficiency of power distribution within buildings. Direct current (DC) distribution with modern power electronics has the potential to eliminate much of the power conversion loss in alternating current (AC) building distribution networks that include photovoltaics and DC end uses. Previous literature suggests up to 15% energy savings from DC power distribution in very energy efficient buildings with onsite generation and battery storage. This paper extends prior energy modeling of DC versus AC distribution in buildings, to consider the cost of implementing DC systems on a life-cycle basis. A techno-economic analysis framework based on commercially available products that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of DC systems is presented. The analysis is conducted for three commercial building types in two California climate zones and for various PV and battery storage capacities. Monte Carlo simulation is used to compute the payback period and lifecycle cost savings of DC versus AC distribution systems. A future-market scenario is also examined, which evaluates how future efficiency improvements in power converters and changes in electricity tariffs may affect cost savings. This analysis shows that DC systems can be cost-effective in all scenarios that include large capacities of battery storage and onsite solar, whereas for systems without storage, DC distribution is generally not cost-effective.
Native throughout Asia, rhesus macaques are believed to have the widest native range of any non-human primate and are capable of adapting to an extensive diversity of habitats. Rhesus macaques have caused environmental degradation in introduced habitats, including decreasing bird populations through nest predation. In the 1930s, rhesus macaques were intentionally introduced into what is today Silver Springs State Park (SSSP), central Florida, in an effort to increase tourism. Our objective was to determine whether introduced rhesus macaques in SSSP would consume eggs presented in artificial nests. We used camera traps adjacent to 100 open-cupped artificial bird nests baited with quail eggs near the Silver River. Nests were placed in shrubs and left in the field site for 12 days, representative of the incubation period of native passerine species. Twenty-one nests were depredated by rhesus macaques, nine by nest predators other than macaques, and five nests by an unidentified predator. Nests were more likely to be depredated by macaques when located in areas of high macaque relative abundance. This study suggests introduced rhesus macaques may influence nest predation rates of native bird species in natural areas.
The nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (nLOT) is a relatively small component of the cortical pallial amygdala, with peculiar neurogenic, neurochemical and connectivity patterns. Although it has been suggested that it might be involved in non-pheromonal olfactory-guided behaviors, particularly feeding, the functional implications of the nLOT have never been investigated. In view of this fact, we have tackled this subject by performing a series of behavioral tests and by quantifying biological and biochemical parameters in sexually naïve adult male rats that were submitted to bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the nLOT. nLOT-lesioned rats had severe olfactory deficits with inability to detect and discriminate between odors. Additionally, they did not display innate behavioral responses to biologically relevant chemosignals. Specifically, nLOT-lesioned rats did not show avoidance towards predator odors or aggressive behaviors towards intruders, and had severely impaired sexual behavior. In fact, nLOT lesions abolished preference for odors of receptive females, reduced chemoinvestigatory behavior and eliminated mounting behavior. nLOT-lesioned rats had normal circulating levels of testosterone, did not display anxiety- or depressive-like behaviors, and had unimpaired cognitive functions and fear acquisition and memory. Altogether, our results suggest that the nLOT integrity is required for the normal functioning of the olfactory system.
At present, Li-O2 batteries deliver the highest energy density among rechargeable batteries, but main obstacles including low discharge capacity, high charge overpotential and low cycle stability still exist. It is essential to exploit a desirable electrocatalyst with specific structure and activity to partially solve the problems of Li-O2 batteries. In this work, an efficient catalyst of porous nanocubes La0.9Co0.8Ni0.2O3−x perovskite (PN-LCN) has been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, with the special porous morphology and abundant oxygen vacancies. Hence, Li-O2 batteries with the PN-LCN can deliver a specific discharge capacity of 14,360 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 88% and a cycle stability of over 100 cycles at 300 mA g−1, which is much better than that with dense particles La0.9Co0.8Ni0.2O3-x perovskite (DP-LCN) at the same current density. The PN-LCN with special morphology and abundant oxygen vacancies is demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst toward both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, with promising the application in Li-O2 batteries.
In order to overcome severe capacity fading of LiMn2O4/graphite Li-ion cells at high temperature at 60°C, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was newly evaluated as an electrolyte additive. With 2wt.% FEC addition into the electrolyte (EC/DEC/PC with 1M LiPF6), the capacity retention at 60°C after 130 cycles was significantly improved by about 20%. To understand the underlying principle on the capacity retention enhancement, the electrochemical properties of the cells including cell performance, impedance behavior as well as the characteristics of the interfacial properties were examined. Based on these results, it is suggested that the improved capacity retention of LiMn2O4/graphite Li-ion cells with addition of FEC especially at high temperature is mainly originated from the thin and stable SEI layer formed on the graphite anode surface.
An non-isothermal model for the all-vanadium redox flow battery (RFB) is presented. The two-dimensional model is based on a comprehensive description of mass, charge, energy and momentum transport and conservation, and is combined with a global kinetic model for reactions involving vanadium species. Heat is generated as a result of activation losses, electrochemical reaction and ohmic resistance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effects of changes in the operating temperature on performance. It is shown that variations in the electrolyte flow rate and the magnitude of the applied current substantially alter the charge/discharge characteristics, the temperature rise and the distribution of temperature. The influence of heat losses on the charge/discharge behaviour and temperature distribution is investigated. Conditions for localised heating and membrane degradation are discussed.
Down syndrome is associated with increased mortality rates due to congenital cardiac defects and leukemia early in life, and with Alzheimer's disease and a tendency toward premature aging later in life. Alzheimer's disease was once considered an inexorable result of growing old with Down syndrome, but recent data indicate that risk does not reach 100%. Although some individuals exhibit signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in their 40s, other individuals have reached the age of 70 without developing dementia. This chapter presents a wealth of data from a longstanding longitudinal study with the overall objective of understanding and recounting the mechanisms responsible for these substantial individual differences.
There is a rising interest in electric vehicle׳s climate control system including cooling and heating. Electric vehicles (EVs, including hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles) have inadequate waste heat to warm up the cabin and the climate control system has a very significant effect on the energy consumption efficiency and operating mileage. Heat pump (HP) is one approach for energy consumption efficiency improvement in EVs which can supply cooling and heating capacity. A literature review was performed on the vapor compression HP cycle design, performance characteristics, and challenges for variable working fluids for electric vehicles. The non-vapor compressor HP systems were also analyzed including the applications of magnetocaloric effect and thermoelectric effect. It seems heat pump system is a reasonable and feasible option in EV׳s climate control system if some essential issues could be solved. The mobile climate control systems based on magnetocaloric effect and thermoelectric effect could be the supplementary methods in future applications.
An integrated renewable energy (RE) system for powering remote communication stations and based on hydrogen is described. The system is based on the production of hydrogen by electrolysis whereby the electricity is generated by a 10kW wind turbine (WT) and 1kW photovoltaic (PV) array. When available, the excess power from the RE sources is used to produce and store hydrogen. When not enough energy is produced from the RE sources, the electricity is then regenerated from the stored hydrogen via a 5kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Overview results on the performances of the WT, PV, and fuel cells system are presented.
Cellular commitment during vertebrate embryogenesis is controlled by an interplay of intrinsic regulators and morphogenetic signals. These mechanisms recruit a subset of cells in the developing organism to become the ancestors of skeletal muscle. Signals that control progression through the myogenic lineage converge on a battery of hierarchically organized transcription factors which modulate the cells to either remain in a primitive state or allow their commitment and differentiation into skeletal muscle fibers. A small population of cells will retain a largely unspecified state throughout development. Such stem cells, in conjunction with more committed myogenic progenitors, form a heterogeneous population that colonizes adult skeletal muscle as satellite cells. The satellite cell pool is responsible for the remarkable regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Similar to their counterparts during embryonic development, satellite cells are capable of self-renewal and can give rise to myogenic progeny. Impaired satellite cell homeostasis has been associated with numerous muscular disorders. Due to intense research efforts in the past two decades, the complex biology of muscle stem cells has now revealed some of its secrets and new avenues for the development of therapeutic molecules have emerged. In the present review we focus on the extrinsic mechanisms that control self-renewal, specification and differentiation of satellite cells and their significance for the development of biologic drugs.
3D networked polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube/N-doped graphene (NDG) has been fabricated through a facile two-step method, in-situ polymerization assisted by MoO3 template and a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at a short time. The MoO3 template-assisted polymerization is demonstrated as an effective way to obtain PPy nanotubes with controlled thickness. It is found that the PPy nanotube formation and N doping of reduced graphene oxide occur simultaneously during the microwave process at short time. Due to the unique structure and excellent electrical conductivity, the PPy nanotube/NDG shows extremely small equivalent series resistance of 1.7 Ω, charge transfer resistance (Rc) of 0.1 Ω, pore resistance (Rd) of 0.1 Ω, and specific capacitance (Csp) of 292 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Also, a novel MoS2-decorated core-shelled MoO3/PPy has also been fabricated through a facile method. Owing to the unique structure and rich redox activities, MoS2-decorated core-shelled MoO3/PPy shows excellent performance with Csp of 527 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and low charge transfer resistance of 0.5 Ω. Furthermore, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor, consisting of MoS2/MoO3/PPy positive electrode and PPy nanotube/NDG negative electrode, has been constructed. The asymmetric supercapacitor shows an excellent energy density of 43.2 Wh kg−1 at power density of 674 W kg−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor also shows an excellent retention of 126% after 5000 cycles, possess high potential for application in the energy storage.
While the neuromodulatory efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in fish and fish oil (FO) are well known, some evidence in animal models suggests that chronic consumption of FO supplements may predispose the brain to lipid peroxidation. In view of this, recent approaches envisage the use of dietary antioxidants as adjuncts with FO to obtain a better clinical outcome in neurological disorders. In furtherance of our previous work, in the present study, we examined whether enrichment of FO with quercetin (Q) would enhance the neuroprotective outcome employing a chronic rotenone (ROT) model of neurotoxicity in rats. Growing male rats supplemented either with FO (2 mL/kg bw) or Q (25 mg/kg bw) or FO + Q for 28 days were administered with ROT (0.5 mg/kg bw, 21 days). Monitoring the behavioral phenotype by a battery of tests, terminally, oxidative response in brain regions, mitochondrial dysfunctions and striatal dopamine levels were determined. While both FO and Q offered varying degree of protection, the FO + Q combination offered a higher degree of protection. FO + Q combination significantly attenuated behavioral impairments, restored the ROT-induced oxidative markers, depleted dopamine levels in striatum and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction. These salient findings besides corroborating with our previous data suggest that enrichment of FO with Q indeed offers a higher degree of neuroprotection under chronic exposure to a model neurotoxin such as ROT. Hence, we propose that a combination of FO with known antioxidants such as quercetin is more likely to provide a superior therapeutic advantage in the prevention/treatment of oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widespread and persistent hydrophobic organic pollutant in the environment despite its restricted public use. Risk assessment of such hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is challenging because sorption and volatilization issues during toxicity test often lead to inconsistent exposure concentration. Considering the hydrophobicity of the PCP, in this study, a passive dosing format was applied by adopting a silicone O-ring as a reservoir and evaluated its applicability on the determination of PCP on Daphnia magna. Results obtained with passive dosing method were compared with that of solvent spiking method. We hypothesized that the passive dosing method may provide more reliable and accurate toxicity results than conventional solvent spiking approach. As a result, the partition coefficient of PCP between methanol and a test medium (log KMeOH:ISO) was 2.1, which enabled the maintenance of reliable exposure concentration throughout the experiment. In the acute toxicity tests, passive dosing and solvent spiking showed similar EC50 values of 576 and 485 µg/L for 24 h, and 362 and 374 µg/L for 48 h, respectively, which overlap with EC50 values of previous studies. Altogether, both methods were suitable for the acute toxicity assessment of hydrophobic PCP.
The nervous system is composed of a large variety of neurons with a diverse array of morphological and functional properties. This heterogeneity is essential for the construction and maintenance of a distinct set of neural networks with unique characteristics. Accumulating evidence now indicates that neurons do not only differ at a functional level, but also at the genomic level. These genomic discrepancies seem to be the result of somatic mutations that emerge in nervous tissue during development and aging. Ultimately, these mutations bring about a genetically heterogeneous population of neurons, a phenomenon that is commonly referred to as “somatic brain mosaicism”. Improved understanding of the development and consequences of somatic brain mosaicism is crucial to understand the impact of somatic mutations on neuronal function in human aging and disease. Here, we highlight a number of topics related to somatic brain mosaicism, including some early experimental evidence for somatic mutations in post-mitotic neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. We propose that age-related somatic mutations are particularly interesting, because aging is a major risk factor for a variety of neuronal diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. We highlight potential links between somatic mutations and the development of these diseases and argue that recent advances in single-cell genomics and in vivo physiology have now finally made it possible to dissect the origins and consequences of neuronal mutations in unprecedented detail.
A 1D electrochemical-thermal model is developed to characterise the behaviour of a 53 Ah large format pouch cell with LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) chemistry over a wide range of operating conditions, including: continuous charge (0.5C-2C), continuous discharge (0.5C-5C) and operation of the battery within an electric vehicle (EV) over an urban drive-cycle (WLTP Class 3) and for a high performance EV being driven under track racing conditions. The 1D model of one electrode pair is combined with a 3D thermal model of a cell to capture the temperature distribution at the cell scale. Performance of the model is validated for an ambient temperature range of 5 °C –45 °C . Results highlight that battery performance is highly dependent on ambient temperature. By decreasing the ambient temperature from 45 °C to 5 °C, the available energy drops by 17.1% and 7.8% under 0.5C and 5C discharge respectively. Moreover, the corresponding power loss is found to be: 5.23% under the race cycle as compared with 7.57% under the WLTP drive cycle. Formulation of the model is supported by a comprehensive set of experiments, for quantifying key parameters and for model validation. The full parameter-set for the model is provided ensuring the model is a valuable resource to underpin further research.