batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Based on the high theoretical capacity of Co3O4 for lithium storage, a noval type of monodisperse hollow carbon spheres with encapsulation of Co3O4 nanoparticles (HCSE-Co3O4) were designed and synthesized. The monodisperse hollow carbon spheres not only can provide enough void volume to accommodate the volume change of encapsulated Co3O4 nanoparicles, but also can prevent the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films on the surface of Co3O4 nanoparticles and following direct contact of Co and SEI films upon lithium extraction. The HCSE-Co3O4 electrode exhibit highly reversible capacity, excellent cycle performance and rate capability attributed to the unique structure. The reversible capacity of HCSE-Co3O4 electrode is as high as 500mAhg−1 at a current density of 744mAg−1, while that of bare Co3O4 electrode is only around 80mAhg−1.
ZnCo2O4 microspheres with hierarchical mesoporous structures composed of ultrathin nanosheets cross-linked with metallic NiSi x nanowires are successfully synthesized on Ni foam via a combined facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and simple but powerful chemical bath deposition (CBD) followed by a calcination process. The ZnCo2O4 microspheres/NiSi x nanowires are directly employed as binder- and conductive-agent-free anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The resultant integrated electrodes exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances in terms of high specific capacity, superior rate capability and outstanding cycling stability due to their advantageously structural features including mesoporous feature of ZnCo2O4 microspheres, highly conductive NiSi x nanowire scaffold and cross-linked network structure with the intimate interconnection between ZnCo2O4 microspheres and NiSi x nanowires. A reversible capacity up to 701mAhg−1 after 340 cycles at a high current density of 1Ag−1 and a capacity of about 373mAhg−1 after 10 cycles even at a current density as high as 4Ag−1 can be retained, suggesting their great potential as efficient electrodes for high-performance LIBs.
We recently proposed a new battery system based on the redox of lithium peroxide (Li2O2)/lithium oxide (Li2O) at the cathode (lithium-peroxide battery system). In this system, the use of Li2O with cobalt ions partially substituted for lithium ions (Co-doped Li2O) is key to its realization. In this study, to further improve the cell performance, we prepare various Co-doped Li2O samples by a mechanochemical process using different cobalt source materials (e.g., LiCoO2, Co3O4, and CoO) and comparatively investigate them. Amongst the investigated cathode materials, the Co-doped Li2O sample prepared using LiCoO2 with a Co/(Co + Li) ratio of 0.09 exhibits the best performance. Monitoring of the pressure in the cell reveals that this Co-doped Li2O cathode can be charged to 270 mAh g−1 without O2 evolution involving its decomposition. Charge and discharge at 270 mAh g−1 is repeated more than 50 times. In addition, the rate-capability tests reveals that the redox reaction between peroxide and oxide ions is fast and that the cathode can be discharged at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1.
Background Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and cognitive deficits are both prevalent in psychosis. While it has been repeatedly demonstrated that ACE contribute to cognitive dysfunctions, the specific nature of this contribution remains elusive. Recent evidence suggests that types of adversities during critical periods have deleterious effects on brain structures that are important for cognitive functioning. The present study sought to clarify which types of adversities experienced at which time during development aggravate cognitive deficits in psychosis. Methods Exposure to abuse and neglect during childhood and adolescence were retrospectively assessed in N =168 adult individuals with psychotic disorder. Conditioned random forest regression was used to define the importance of type and timing of ACE for predicting domains of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Results Significant importance of ACE was determined for 5 out of 7 MCCB domains. Particularly abuse at age 3 contributed to dysfunctional cognitive domains attention, learning, and working memory. Social cognition was related to neglect experienced at 11–12years, and to cumulative ACE. Conclusion Abuse and neglect at periods when children spend substantial time in their families affect cognitive functioning, and hence aggravate dysfunction in psychosis. Results support the neurodevelopmental perspective on psychosis and the diagnostic value of type and timing of ACE.
Parental cognitive functioning is thought to play a key role in parenting behavior and may inform response to behavioral intervention. This open-label pilot study examined the extent to which parent and child cognition impacted response to behavioral parent training for children with ADHD. Fifty-four participants (27 parent–child dyads; Mages = 10.6 and 45.2 for children and parents, respectively) completed tasks assessing visuospatial and phonological working memory, inhibitory control, and choice-reaction speed at pre-treatment. Drift diffusion modeling decomposed choice-reaction time data into indicators of processing speed (drift rate) and response caution (boundary separation). Parents completed a 10-week manualized behavioral parent training program. Primary outcomes were pre- and post-treatment child ADHD and conduct problem severity, and parent-reported relational frustration and parenting confidence. Bayesian multiple regressions assessed parent and child cognitive processes as predictors of post-treatment outcomes, controlling for pre-treatment behavior. Better child visuospatial and phonological WM and higher parental response caution were associated with greater reductions in inattention. For conduct problems, better parental self-regulation (stronger inhibitory control and greater response caution) predicted fewer post-treatment conduct problems. Higher parental response caution also predicted lower post-treatment relational frustration and higher parental confidence. Bayesian evidence supported no relation between parent and child cognitive functions and treatment-related changes in hyperactivity. This pilot study demonstrates that cognitive processes central to etiologic theories of ADHD and models of parenting behavior can be successfully integrated into treatment outcome research to inform which families are most likely to benefit from behavioral interventions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of bridging the translational research gap between basic and applied clinical science and facilitates research on the role of cognition in psychosocial interventions.
The electrochemical properties of amorphous vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films deposited by reactive r.f.-sputtering were investigated using galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). As x in LixV2O5−y increased (x = 0–2.0), the electromotive force of the lithium (Li)∣1 M LiClO4–propylene carbonate∣LixV2O5−y cell decreased gradually without a potential plateau or an abrupt potential reduction, demonstrating that an irreversible structural change did not occur in the entire Li content. Chemical diffusivity of the Li ion in the LixV2O5−y thin film measured using GITT was determined to be 4 × 10−13–7 × 10−14 cm2 s−1 in the Li content range investigated.
In this paper, an effective strategy to fabricate mesoporous MoS2(1-x)Se2x composites supported on graphene sheets (meso-MoS2(1-x)Se2x/rGO) for use as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is reported. The meso-MoS2(1-x)Se2x/rGO composites possess a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure with well-defined mesoporosity and the MoS2(1-x)Se2x nanoparticles are perpendicularly grown on graphene sheets. Due to the merits of 2D layered structural configuration and sulfur-selenium coupled effect, the meso-MoS2(1-x)Se2x/rGO composites promise the enhanced electrochemical performance for LIBs. Introduction of Se may widen the spacing of the (002) crystal plane, as a result, rendering them more effective diffusion path for both Li+ and e− during the charge and discharge process. More importantly, Se incorporation may further induce the transition of meso-MoS2(1-x)Se2x from 2H phase to more metallic 1 T phase. As such, the meso-MoS1.12Se0.88/rGO electrodes exhibit efficient rate capability and good cycling stability with an optimum capacity of 830 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 for 150th cycle. The meso-MoS1.12Se0.88/rGO electrode still keeps a capacity of 415.3 mA h g−1 even when the current density is 1000 mA g−1 making them promising for potential practical application. The novel synthetic strategy may be applicable to fabricate a large variety of 2D layered chalcogenide electrode materials for LIBs.
Smartphones are becoming increasingly pervasive in almost every aspect of daily life. With smartphones being equipped with multiple sensors, they provide an opportunity to automatically extract information relating to daily life. Information relating to daily life could have major benefits in the area of health informatics. Research shows that there is a need for more objective and accurate means of measuring health status. Hence, this work investigates the use of multi-modal smartphone sensors to measure human behaviour and generate behaviour profiles which can be used to make objective predictions related to health status. Three sensor modalities are used to compute behaviour profiles for three different components of human behaviour. Motion sensors are utilised to measure physical activity, location sensors are utilised to measure travel behaviour and sound sensors are used to measure voice activity related behaviour. Sensor fusion, using a genetic algorithm, is performed to find complementary and co-operative features. Using a behaviour feature composed of motion, sound and locations data, results show that a Support Vector Machine (SVM) can predict 10 different health metrics with an error that does not exceed a clinical error benchmark.
A polymer electrolyte was successfully fabricated for a room temperature operation lithium battery by cross-linking the mixture of oligomeric poly (ethylene glycol) dimethylether (PEGDME) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with Li(CF3SO2)2N using electron beam irradiation. The maximum ionic conductivity achieved for the cross-linked solid polymer electrolyte (c-SPE) at room temperature was 2.1×10−4 Scm−1 and the lithium transport number of the electrolyte was around 0.2. The c-SPE showed no reaction heat with lithium metal up to 300°C. The interface resistance of Li/c-SPE/Li at room temperature was about 45Ωcm2, which is considerable lower than that of 210Ωcm2 for Li/PEO10Li(CF3SO2)2N/Li. The electrochemical window of the polymer electrolyte was above 4V (versus Li+/Li). The initial discharge capacity for the Li/SPE/LiFePO4-C cell was approximately 90mAhg−1 for LiFePO4-C at 1/10°C rate at room temperature and showed a good cyclability and a high coulombic efficiency of 99.2%.
In the Li-ion battery the electronic conductivity is usually enhanced mixing carbon (black or graphite) with the active cathode material during the electrode preparation. The electronic conductivity is achieved in the system via the percolation of particles. From this point of view, an individual carbon coating of each active material particle is an interesting alternative to enhance conductivity. In this paper, we present a two steps original coating route based on anchoring phenyl phosphonic acid on the surface of anatase TiO2 and followed by thermal treatment under inert atmosphere. Conductivity tests and galvanostatic measurements at different C-rate have been performed to show the effectiveness of this carbon coating upon lithium insertion.
A novel LiFePO4/graphene/carbon composite as a performance-improved cathode material for lithium-ion batteries had been prepared by using an in situ solvothermal method to synthesize LiFePO4/graphene powders as precursors and then followed by a carbon-coating process. The prepared samples of LiFePO4/graphene/carbon was investigated comparatively with LiFePO4/carbon and LiFePO4/graphene composites by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various electrochemical testing techniques. The results indicated that the co-modification of LiFePO4 with graphene and carbon coating could construct an effective conducting network, which significantly enhanced the electrochemical activity of LiFePO4/carbon based composite. Particularly, the LiFePO4/graphene/carbon composite with a low content of graphene exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 163.7mAhg−1 at 0.1C and 114mAhg−1 at 5C, as well as an excellent cycling stability.
Mixture of Ni(OH)2–Mg(OH)2 as precursor of the catalyst used to synthesize carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was treated by mechanochemical (MC) and hand-grinding process. It was found that catalyst particle size decreased sharply under grinding for 60min, and crystallinity of catalyst particle decreased under grinding. CNFs were synthesized by pyrolysising C2H2 using catalyst treated with MC process (labeled as ground catalyst) and hand ground (labeled as unground catalyst). CNFs with thin and uniform diameter were synthesized using catalyst treated with the MC process, which could be controlled by tuning the grinding time. In addition to tailor size and uniformity of as-grown CNFs, CNFs with bundle and twisted conformation were synthesized using catalyst treated with the MC process. After purification of CNFs and loading with Pt, they were used in fuel cell as the cathode catalyst support. The performance with CNFs synthesized using catalyst treated with the MC process was found to be better than that with CNFs synthesized using unground catalyst.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) is a natural plant resources for diabetes therapy, however, there is little research on the mechanisms of GP. The present study was undertaken to characterize if G. pentaphyllum saponins (GPs) is the principal active compound of GP responsible for anti-diabetes, and to examine the relativity between blood glucose modulate and antioxidation. The GPs-treated streptozotocin diabetic rats had a more effective hypoglycemic status than those of diabetic control rats, which also ameliorate dyslipidemia. GPs has increased SOD and GSH-px activities, and the spleen and thymus indexes in diabetic rats. The insulin levels in the GPs-treated groups were significantly higher than diabetic control group. Our finding provides a new insight into the application of GPs for the treatment of oxidative stress related diseases.
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in many portable devices; however, their power density is not sufficient for use in electric vehicles. One of the most effective methods to improve the power density is the use of very fine cathode particles. We investigated a new excess lithium method of preparing nano-sized LiCoO2 powders. To begin with, lithium acetate and cobalt acetate are mixed by the molar ratio 9, 13 or 21 to 1, uniformly. The mixture is then calcined at 600°C for 6h. Finally, obtained powders are washed with a large amount of water to remove impurity and then dried. Using this method, we obtained nano-sized spherical LiCoO2 particles with a diameter of about 25nm or needlelike LiCoO2 particles with a diameter of about 5nm and a length of about 60nm. The discharge capacity of a Li/5μm LiCoO2 cell is 51mAhg−1, but when the nano-sized LiCoO2 was used, the capacity increased to about 100mAhg−1 at the same cycling condition.
Evaluating green best practices for a hotel is a complex and challenging issue because the measures often involve in a set of qualitative criteria which are in essence linguistic and interdependent. To tackle this kind of issue, this paper proposes a framework which utilizes the fuzzy set theory to elucidate the linguistic information and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to address the complicated criteria. A case company—the hotel of green best practice in Taiwan is studied to demonstrate the proposed framework. A group of specialists in the case one was formed to determine the category, and alternatives for the green practices. The results based on the proposed framework reveal that the more important green practices including commitment to environmental practices, recycling and reuse, energy efficiency and conservation, lighting, water efficiency and conservation, landscape, pest management, hazardous and toxic substances, transportation, purchasing.
This paper explores the potential financial return for using plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a grid resource. While there is little financial incentive for individuals when the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service is used exclusively for peak reduction, there is a significant potential for financial return when the V2G service is used for frequency regulation. We propose that these two uses for V2G technology are not mutually exclusive, and that there could exist a “dual-use” program that utilizes V2G for multiple uses simultaneously. In our proposition, V2G could be used for regulation on a daily basis to ensure profits, and be used for peak reduction on days with high electricity demand and poor ambient air quality in order to reap the greatest environmental benefits. The profits for the individual in this type of dual-use program are close to or even higher than the profits experienced in either of the single-use programs. More importantly, we argue that the external benefits of this type of program are much greater as well. At higher V2G participation rates, our analysis shows that the market for regulation capacity could become saturated by V2G-based regulation providers. At the same time, there is plenty of potential for widespread use of V2G technology, especially if the demand for regulation, reserves, and storage grows as more intermittent renewable resources are being incorporated into the power systems.
Graphite oxide (GO) paper, obtained by direct filtration of exfoliated GO in water over PTFE membrane filters, was reduced by using hydrazine vapours. The graphene-paper thus obtained was characterized by the combination of different techniques. The electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry presents a strong influence of the working conditions: temperature, electrolyte concentration and current on the electrochemical responses, indicating a good ability of the material to sense ambient and working conditions. Electrochemical devices based on graphene are expected to work as dual, and simultaneous, sensing-actuators.
Abstract In this chapter, we discuss signal conditioning, the standard ISO model for standardized protocols, networking and integrations with various links, fieldbus systems and wireless communications in the HART and fieldbus, gateways, a standard fieldbus, smart protocols, and the communication methods for intelligent and integrated power plant control systems. Also, a safe fieldbus has been covered. OPC Server, IoT, and IIoT also have been discussed for intelligent and integrated power plant control systems. Various PLC types and their applications in systems such as BMS, the ATRS electrical system SCADA, and offsite plants have also been discussed. Various possible configurations and communications especially meant for power plant DCS have been included. Discussions on software include cybersecurity, integrity, and diagnostics of the system. Discussions have been included on displays and logs in power plant applications. MIS, including performance calculations as per international standards, accounting, etc., are important factors. A composite network including corporate integration methods has been discussed also.
Four samples of fresh ground beef were stored aerobically and held at 5–7 °C for up to 28 days. Although one sample initially yielded 21 different genera of bacteria while two others yielded only seven, all four spoiled essentially in the same way as assessed by aerobic, psychrotrophic, and Gram-negative counts, and by extract-release volume (ERV) and pH values. Pseudomonas spp. was dominant in the spoilage of all samples. As to why this group is so consistently associated with the low-temperature aerobic spoilage of fresh meats, it is hypothesized that they possess the capacity to form a biofilm and that quorum sensing is involved in the overall biofilm forming and functioning processes.
In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of electrodeposition of adherent polypyrrole (PPy) films on Ni substrates using Tiron as an anionic dopant. Compared to other aromatic sulfonate dopants, Tiron offers the advantages of higher charge to mass ratio and chelating properties, which are beneficial for the efficient charge transfer during electropolymerization and fabrication of adherent films. The use of Ni plaque current collectors allows higher capacitance and higher PPy loading compared to Ni foil current collectors. Moreover, the use of Ni plaques allows significant improvement in capacitance retention at high scan rates. The problem of poor cycling stability of PPy films on Ni foil current collectors is successfully addressed by the use of Ni plaques. The electron microscopy studies and impedance spectroscopy measurements during cycling provide an insight into the factors, controlling capacitance retention. The results indicate that for pure PPy electrodes the mass normalized specific capacitance of 339–451 F g−1 and area normalized specific capacitance of 0.4–0.95 F cm−2 can be achieved for material loadings of 0.84–2.80 mg cm−2. The PPy electrodes formed on Ni plaque current collectors are promising for applications in electrochemical supercapacitors.
Highly lithium-electroactive Si quantum dots (n-Si), coated with an amorphous carbon layer, were prepared by of butyl-capped Si annealing at 700 or 900°C. The ordering of the carbon layer structure increased with increasing annealing temperature while the thickness decreased to 1 from 2nm due to the increased ordering of carbon. n-Si, annealed at 900°C, had the same particle size (5nm) as n-Si annealed at 700°C. In contrast to Si nanocrystals with an average particle size of 30nm that had a first charge capacity of 225mAh/g with a very small coulombic efficiency of 4%, n-Si that annealed at 900°C possessed a first charge capacity of 1257mAh/g with a significantly enhanced coulombic efficiency of 71%. This improvement was due to the uniform distribution of n-Si with a carbon layer that prohibited n-Si aggregation during cycling.
Stirling engines (SE) are a market-ready technology suitable for residential cogeneration of heat and electricity to alleviate the increasing demand on central power grids. Advantages of this external combustion engine include high cogeneration efficiency, fuel flexibility, low noise and vibration, and low emissions. To explore and assess the feasibility of using SE based cogeneration systems in the residential sector, there is a need for an accurate and practical simulation model that can be used to conduct sensitivity and what-if analyses. A simulation model for SE based residential scale micro-cogeneration systems was recently developed; however the model is impractical due to its functional form and data requirements. Furthermore, the available experimental data lack adequate diversity to assess the model’s suitability. In this paper, first the existing model is briefly presented, followed by a review of the design and implementation of a series of experiments conducted to study the performance and behaviour of the SE system and to develop extensive, and hitherto unavailable, operational data. The empirical observations are contrasted with the functional form of the existing simulation model, and improvements to the structure of the model are proposed based upon these observations.