batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this paper the integration of systems for the production of electrofuels for a market entrance scenario from a short-term perspective is examined. A model was built to optimize the design parameters and simulate the yearlong operation of an off-grid power-to-fuel system, consisting of a wind park, electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, a CO2 source and synthesis plant. In this manuscript, the regional focus is Germany; however, the results as well as the methodology can be applied to other regions. Successively, the production costs for the designed system were calculated on the basis of the model results. Various cases for different operational modes and sites have been analyzed. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was made to test the influence of single economic assumptions. Calculations demonstrate that the proposed off-grid systems are a viable option for implementation in a short-term scenario. The results include net production costs of 1.73 €/lGE (GE = gasoline equivalent) for methanol production in the reference case. For optimal wind farm sites, the calculated production costs can drop to 1.32 €/lGE.
A simple, facile, cost-effective and reproducible one-pot sonochemical synthesis of hydroxy-functionalized graphene–MnO2 nanocomposite of various compositions is executed starting from pristine graphite powder. Morphology of all the as-synthesized composites has been characterized with scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Further, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to understand the existing phases, thermal stability, nature of functionalization, and existing interactions between the components, respectively, in all the nanocomposites studied. The as-synthesized sample (GM2) having molar ratio of C:Mn of 0.931 exhibits an improved and synergistic capacitive behavior. The crystalline MnO2 nanosheets anchored on hydroxy-functionalized graphene (GM2) displayed superior specific capacitance of 376.7 Fg−1 as determined by cyclic voltammetry, carried out at a scan rate of 2 mVs−1 in the voltage window of −0.2 to +0.4 V versus SCE in 1 M Na2SO4 medium. It also displayed appreciable capacity retention (~90%) even after 1000 cycles, observed from galvanostatic charging/discharging measurements. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies of the GM2 sample substantiate better electrical conductivity and ion transport performances, assuring its potentiality as a promising electrode material for energy storage devices.
A novel asymmetric supercapacitor device for energy storage is fabricated using K0.3WO3 nanorods as negative electrode and nitrogen-doped porous carbon (CBC-1) based on agricultural wastes corn bract as positive electrode. The K0.3WO3 nanorods are composed of some thinner needle-shaped nanorods which are parallel to each other, and the CBC-1 reveals rough surface of coral-like frameworks with abundant nanopores. The structures can provide high surface area, low diffusion paths and intercalation/de-intercalation of electrolyte ions between the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Thus, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits high energy density about 26.3 Wh kg−1 at power density of 404.2 W kg−1 in the wide voltage region of 0–1.6 V, as well as a good electrochemical stability (80% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles). Such outstanding electrochemical behaviors imply the CBC-1//K0.3WO3 asymmetric supercapacitor is a promising practical energy-storage system.
Lithium malonate (LM) was coated on the surface of a natural graphite (NG) electrode, which was then tested as the negative electrode in the electrolytes of 0.9M LiPF6/EC–PC–DMC (1/1/3, w/w/w) and 1.0M LiBF4/EC–PC–DMC (1/1/3, w/w/w) under a current density of 0.075mAcm−2. LM was also used as an additive to the electrolyte of 1.0M LiPF6/EC–DMC–DEC (1/1/1, v/v/v) and tested on a bare graphite electrode. It was found that both the surface coating and the additive approach were effective in improving first charge–discharge capacity and coulomb efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the decreased interfacial impedance was coupled with improved coulomb efficiency of the cells using coated graphite electrodes. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) on fresh bare and coated natural graphite electrodes confirmed that all the improvement in the half-cell performance was due to the suppression of the solvent decomposition through the surface modification with LM. The CV data also showed that the carbonate electrolyte with LM as the additive was not stable against oxidation, which resulted in lower capacity of the full cell with commercial graphite and LiCoO2 electrodes.
Sulfur species dissolution, precipitation and phase transformation during the charge and discharge process strongly affect the performance of lithium sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Interface properties between electrode and electrolyte play an important role in these batteries. In this work, four kinds of binders with different functionalities, which differs both in chemical and electrical properties, are employed to study how the interface properties affect the battery reaction mechanism. The phase transformation of sulfur species is studied in detail. Remarkable differences are observed among sulfur cathodes with different binders. More solid-phase sulfur species precipitation is observed with binders that have carbonyl functional groups, like poly(9, 9-dioctylfluorene-co-fluorenone-co-methylbenzoic ester) (PFM) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), in both fully charged and discharged states. Also, the improved conductivity from introducing conductive binders greatly promotes sulfur species precipitation. These findings suggest that the contributions from functional groups affinity and binder conductivity lead to more sulfur transformation into the solid phase, so the shuttle effect can be greatly reduced, and a better cell performance can be obtained.
In the paper, we have investigated the preparation and electrochemical performance of the solid solution Li2MnO3–LiCoO2 (or written as Li[Li x/3Co1−x Mn2x/3]O2). The chemical composition determined by ICP–AES indicates that the chemical formula of our prepared samples is very closely to that of the ideal Li2MnO3–LiCoO2 solid solution in chemical stoichiometry. It was found that the oxidation states of Co and Mn are +3 and +4, respectively by redox titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD shows that most peaks of the samples prepared at 950°C could be simply indexed as a layered α-NaFeO2 structure (space group R 3 ¯ m , no. 166) except some additional peaks between 21° and 25°, which is caused by the appearance of the superlattice structure. The monoclinic phase has been formed for Li[Li x/3Co1−x Mn2x/3]O2 (x =0.5) at 750°C, which is reversibly transformed into a hexagonal phase with the increasing of sintering temperature from 750 to 950°C. It is found that the charge capacity of the samples Li[Li x/3Co1−x Mn2x/3]O2 (0.5≤ x ≤0.7) increases and the discharge capacity has no obvious change with the increasing of the sintering temperature due to the appearance of a flat charge voltage plateau at 4.45V. Moreover, the discharge capacity of the samples gradually reduces with the increasing Li2MnO3 content. The sample has the excellent electrochemical cycling performance with the charge–end voltage of 4.5V. XRD patterns of the charged product indicate that the layered structure has been kept during the charge process, which may be the reason for its good cycling performance.
The studyof interpersonal conflicts in teenagers’ environment, and also the forms and methods of teenagers’ interpersonal conflicts prevention has become the aim of the research. 137 eighth gradestudents of comprehensive schools of the city of Kazan were recruited for the experiment. The battery of tests was used to collect information: T. Leary's technique to diagnose interpersonal relationships; the scale for theassessment of psychological climate in the collective; K. Thomas'stest - description of behavior, and also methods of mathematical statistics, Student's T-criterion to check the hypotheses of reliability of thedifferencebetween means. The results revealed during the stating stage showed a low degree of psychological climate friendlinessin the collective that, in its turn, causes interpersonal conflicts. Such strategies of behavior as compromise and rivalry dominate in the group of testees in conflict situations.After the experiment there were obtained the following results: the psychological climate in the collective has improved up to the average degree of favorability; in conflict situations teenagers have started to choose such strategies of behavior as compromise and cooperation, the latter of which is aimed at theconflict constructive resolution. The number of the respondents in the group of testees who have chosenthe friendly type of interpersonal relations has increased i.e. this is the tendencyto collaboration and cooperation.
The composite thin films of Silver–activated carbon/polyaniline (Ag–AC/PANI) have been deposited on stainless steel substrates by a facile dip coating technique. The formation of Ag–AC/PANI electrode is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform-Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the presence of Ag nanoparticles on the porous spongy background of PANI. The highest specific capacitance of 567Fg−1at 5mVs−1 and energy density of 86.30Whkg−1 at 1mAcm−2 is observed for the Ag–AC/PANI indicating positive synergistic effect of silver, activated carbon and PANI. In which silver nanoparticles help in improving the electronic conductivity and activated carbon enhances the electrochemical stability of the PANI electrodes.
Lithium ion intercalation and de-intercalation at electrodes are critically issues for development of the high performance Li-ion batteries. However, the changes of the surface morphologies, electrical and mechanical properties during the charge/discharge cycles are still not well understood. In this study, by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM), AM-FM (Amplitude Modulation - Frequency Modulation), and conductive AFM (c-AFM) techniques, we have studied the significant changes, with nanoscale resolution, on the surface topography, electrochemical deformation, stiffness/elastic modulus, and electronic conductivity of Li-rich layered oxide cathode under the first cycle of galvonostatic charging/discharging process. This study has established the relationship between the nanoscale morphology and properties variations and the macroscopic charge/discharge processes for the Li-rich layered oxide cathode material, and the results also prove the feasibility of combining various Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) based techniques on the studies of lithium ion battery materials.
From the humble three-legged milking stool to a SEMI standard wafer pod location to numerous sub-micron fixturing applications in instruments and machines, exactly constrained mechanisms provide precision, robustness, and certainty of location and design. Kinematic couplings exactly constrain six degrees of freedom between two parts and hence closed-form equations can be written to describe the structural performance of the coupling. Hertz contact theory can also be used to design the contact interface so very high stiffness and load capacity can also be achieved. Potential applications such as mechanical/electrical couplings for batteries could enable electric vehicles to rapidly exchange battery packs.
Solar energy is a clean and renewable option for energy production, being used for several purposes, such as water pumping, which is one of the most disseminated technologies regarding the use of photovoltaic solar energy. This work was developed in order to assess a water pumping system activated by monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panels set at the State University of West Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel-PR. The research showed that the daily average volumes of water pumped during the experiment were 3536.45 and 4182.55L respectively, for the monocrystalline and polycrystalline systems. Monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic panel efficiency was 9.40% and 6.57%, respectively. As for the system with complete pumping, the monocrystalline system presented an average global efficiency of 4.27%, at a cost for volume of water pumped and energy consumed during the system׳s life cycle of 0.10417 US$ m−3 and 0.70417 US$ kWh−1, respectively, whereas the polycrystalline system showed global efficiency of 5.00% and costs of 0.09583 US$ m−3 and 1.2917 US$ kWh−1.
Oxidative stress, perturbations in the cellular thiol level and redox balance, affects many cellular functions, including signaling pathways. This, in turn, may cause the induction of autophagy or apoptosis. The NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is the main pathway responsible for cell defense against oxidative stress and maintaining the cellular redox balance at physiological levels. The relation between NRF2/KEAP1 signaling and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy is not well understood. In this hypothesis article we discuss how KEAP1 protein and its direct interactants (such as PGAM5, prothymosin α, FAC1 (BPTF), and p62) provide a molecular foundation for a possible cross-talk between NRF2/KEAP1, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways. We present a hypothesis for how NRF2/KEAP1 may interfere with the cellular apoptosis-regulatory machinery through activation of the ASK1 kinase by a KEAP1 binding partner—PGAM5. Based on very recent experimental evidence, new hypotheses for a cross-talk between NF-κB and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in the context of autophagy-related “molecular hub” protein p62 are also presented. The roles of KEAP1 molecular binding partners in apoptosis regulation during carcinogenesis and in neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed.
Patents for aircraft power units are analyzed. Priorities in their development are the use of hydrogen fuel and the improvement of slip bearings.
Age-associated decline in central cholinergic activity makes older adults susceptible to the harmful effects of anticholinergic (AC) medications; however, there is an inadequate understanding of the association and possible effects of AC drugs on cognition. This cross-sectional study examines the associations of AC medications on cognition among older adults with questionable cognitive impairment (QCI).
Electrochemical studies of LiB compound were carried out for its application as anode for lithium-ion battery. The compound exhibited a reversible discharge–charge behavior between 0 and 0.75V versus Li/Li+ with a first discharge capacity of 293mAhg−1. Discharging to 1.0V, the first discharge capacity of LiB compound was 660mAhg−1, but a part of this capacity was irreversible. Impedance spectra were measured at several potentials corresponding to different discharge plateaus. The impedance spectra obtained below and above 0.8V presented significantly different features. The solid electrolyte interphase layer (SEI) was formed below 0.8V and assumed a good performance of LiB electrode in this potential range. The SEI was found to deteriorate above 0.8V, which might be associated with the irreversible discharge capacity.
Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, increasing efforts have been dedicated to assessing the health-related quality of life experienced by people infected with tuberculosis. The objectives of this study were to better understand the impact of tuberculosis and its treatment on people's quality of life, and to review quality of life instruments used in current tuberculosis research.
In presurgical treatment planning for patients with epilepsy, neuropsychological testing assists in lateralization of the seizure focus. Previous research with English speakers has shown that patients with left hemisphere (LH) onsets versus right hemisphere (RH) onsets perform worse on naming and other verbal skills tests, but similar findings with Hispanic patients are limited. Thirty-nine Spanish-speaking patients were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests in Spanish. LH-onset patients performed significantly worse than RH-onset patients on verbal comprehension (P =0.006), visual matching (P =0.047), the Ponton–Satz Boston Naming Test (P =0.001), and the dominant hand trial of the Grooved Pegboard Test (P =0.012). A stepwise regression model to predict seizure laterality from these tests was significant (F =12.10, P =0.001), but only the Ponton–Satz Boston Naming Test was retained. This comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests in Spanish proved useful in predicting lateralization in patients with partial epilepsy.
Nail penetration is one safety test that Li-ion cells experience in order to simulate some aspects of an internal short circuit event. To our knowledge, nail penetration is usually performed with an ordinary steel nail. Normally, the only data gathered has been a simple pass/fail result depending on whether or not the cell emitted smoke or flame, along with a thermocouple on the surface of the cell. A “smart nail” has been developed to allow the collection of temperature versus time data at the point of nail penetration. This nail, in conjunction with a thermocouple on the cell surface and tabs on the ends to measure voltage, should provide some new insights into the behavior of cells during this type of abuse testing as well as aid in the developing of safer Li-ion cell chemistries.
A scientific rationale is provided for estimating acceptable daily intake values (ADIs) for compounds with limited or no toxicity information to support pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. These ADIs are based on application of the “thresholds of toxicological concern” (TTC) principle, in which levels of human exposure are estimated that pose no appreciable risk to human health. The same concept has been used by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to establish “thresholds of regulation” for indirect food additives and adopted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives for flavoring substances. In practice, these values are used as a statement of safety and indicate when no actions need to be taken in a given exposure situation. Pharmaceutical manufacturing relies on ADIs for cleaning validation of process equipment and atypical extraneous matter investigations. To provide practical guidance for handling situations where relatively unstudied compounds with limited or no toxicity data are encountered, recommendations are provided on ADI values that correspond to three categories of compounds: (1) compounds that are likely to be carcinogenic, (2) compounds that are likely to be potent or highly toxic, and (3) compounds that are not likely to be potent, highly toxic or carcinogenic. Corresponding ADIs for these categories of materials are 1, 10, and 100μg/day, respectively.
Using a mixed hydroxy-carbonate (MHC) precursor, homogeneous LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 phase synthesized through a facile route yielded well dispersed, faceted, edge-blunted polyhedral particles (∼200 nm). These cathode particles revealed high degree of hexagonal ordering favorable for impressive electrochemical performance viz., high capacity 187 mAh g−1 in Li vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cell, not fortuitously. Rather, can be clearly attributed to edge-blunted cathode particles that may facilitate enhanced charge mobility mimicking a process akin to corona discharge predominantly in charge concentrated regions which contrasts to moderate capacity from spherical particles explainable under the ambit of shape-drive hither to unknown. Li-ion pouch cell (∼500 mAh) fabricated with this activity enhanced cathode quite rugged enough to endure loads (0.12 Wh, 1.1 Wh), as-demonstrated.
This article provides an overview on the recent development of solution processed organic, inorganic, and hybrid interfacial materials for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. The introduction of proper interfacial materials to optimize the electronic and electrical properties between the interfaces of the light-harvesting active layer and the charge-collecting electrode has become an important criterion to improve the performance of polymer solar cells. The electronic processes at these interfaces play a critical role in determining the efficiency for photon-to-electricity conversion. An ideal interface requires the formation of Ohmic contact with minimum resistance and high charge selectivity to prevent charge carriers from reaching the opposite electrodes. For long-term stability of polymer solar cells, interfaces with matched surface energy are required to prevent interfacial dewetting and delamination. Several classes of interfacial materials including inorganic metal oxides, crosslinkable charge-transporting materials, conjugated polymer electrolytes, self-assembled functional molecules, and graphene-based materials are highlighted and the integration of these interfacial materials with new low bandgap polymers and fullerene derivatives as active materials in different device architectures is also discussed.
Rice husk (RH), an agricultural waste, is abundantly available in rice producing countries like China, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, US, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, and South East Asia. Despite the massive amount of annual production worldwide, so far RHs have been recycled only for low-value applications. In recent years, many rice mills in rice producing countries have started using RH for the energy production for mill operations as well as household lighting in rural regions. Burning of RHs produces the rice husk ash (RHA). The disposal in landfills or open fields can be problematic and may cause a serious environmental and human health related problems due to the low bulk density of RHA. Several ways are being thought of for disposing RHA by making its commercial use. The amorphous silica forms the main component (83–90%) of RHA. The amorphous silica rich RHA has wide range of applications. High-value applications and current research investigations such as the use of RHA in manufacturing of silica gels, silicon chip, synthesis of activated carbon and silica, production of light weight construction materials and insulation, catalysts, zeolites, ingredients for lithium ion batteries, graphene, energy storage/capacitor, carbon capture, and in drug delivery vehicles are presented. Use of RHA in potential future applications is also discussed. It is suggested that the amorphous silica rich RHA could become a potential resource of low cost precursor for the production of value-added silica based materials for practical applications.
The first three chapters of The Theory of Behavior (Ribes-Iñesta & López, 1985) describe how individuals talk about psychological events and presents a review of the natural history of several notions used in psychology as to their origins in root metaphors (such as the notions of psyké or mental disorders). The issue of terms, of how scientists talk about psychological events, is significant within Ribes-Iñesta’s approach. In general, Ribes-Iñesta draws attention to the many problems of using terms derived from ordinary language practices, as opposed to the technical language developed by sciences wherein a word has a specific meaning or usage. Ribes-Iñesta next considers the concept of the field, emphasizing its original formulation in physics by the end of the 19th century.2 A field is a system constituted of interdependent elements, where changes in any of the elements transform the entire system, including the relationships among the elements (Kantor, 1958). An explanation of a system involves an analysis and understanding of the interdependent relations occurring among its constitutive elements. There are no explanations coming from outside the system. There is no other system affecting or acting upon it. Readers unfamiliar with field theory, including its use in psychology, should consult Smith (1996).