batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Li-ion capacitors (LICs) are promising devices to realize the high energy density at high power density. Unfortunately, the development of high energy density LICs is hindered by the low capacity of capacitor-type cathode. Herein, we design a graphene@hierarchical meso-/microporous carbon (G@HMMC) with rational oxygen containing group for ultrahigh energy density LICs. In the ingenious designed G@HMMC material, the novel hierarchical meso-/microporous carbon provides abundant adsorption sites, the graphene structure provides high-speed channel for electron, and rational oxygen-containing group enhances the specific capacity. Therefore, the ingenious designed lithium-ion capacitor composed of G@HMMC cathode and pre-lithiated graphite anode demonstrates ultrahigh energy densities of 233.3–143.8 Wh kg−1 at power densities from 450.4 to 15686 W kg−1. Consequently, the G@HMMC material is one of the most promising cathode materials for LICs. The simultaneous manipulation of hierarchical meso-/microporous structure, sp2 type carbon, and oxygen-containing group provides new opportunities for the high-performance electrodes.
In the planning of isolated microgrids aiming for a small carbon footprint, the penetration of renewable energy resources is expected to be high. Energy supply from renewable sources are highly variable and renewable energy sources have relatively a large capital investment although with a positive impact on the environment. In planning and designing of renewable energy based microgrids, we introduce the approach of two-stage stochastic programming to incorporate the various possible scenarios for renewable energy generation and cost in the planning of microgrids to tackle uncertainty. Most planning problems are similar to portfolio optimization problems. We wish to minimize risk in the investment due to uncertain nature of the resources and also minimize the expected cost of investment. Therefore, we introduced the idea of Markovitz (mean-variance) objective function to minimize the effect of uncertainties in the operation of the microgrid. The model is generic and can be used for any location to suit their geographical topography and demand/supply needs. The result shows the economic advantage of using the risk-averse stochastic programming approach over the deterministic approaches while satisfying environmental objectives.
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that affects 5–6% of children. When not recognized and properly managed during the child's development, DCD can lead to academic failure, mental health problems and poor physical fitness. Physicians, working in collaboration with rehabilitation professionals, are in an excellent position to recognize and manage DCD. This study was designed to determine the feasibility and impact of an educational outreach and collaborative care model to improve chronic disease management of children with DCD.
Abstract The decision to use a new material has technical, economical, and environmental consequences. The goal of this chapter is to help clarify quickly the use, possibilities, and problems of thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites. We compare consumptions, engineering and specific properties, costs of plastics, and composites with metals and some other conventional materials (wood, glass, paper, textile). After some basic reminders concerning thermoplastics, thermosets, composites, thermoplastic elastomer, and related processing methods, the designer’s main problems are examined, taking into account the economic, technical, marketing, sustainability, and environmental requirements. Recycling, plastics of renewable sources, and some weaknesses of polymer materials end this chapter. The final choice of the design team will result from much iteration concerning the functional properties, the environmental constraints, the possibilities to produce the part in the required quantities, and the price.
Theoretical studies on electrolyte salts, lithium bis[croconato(2-)]borate (LBCB) and its derivatives, lithium [croconato(2-) salicylato(2-)]borate (LCSB), and bis[salicylato(2-)]borate (LBSB) are carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method and B3LYP theory level for the first time. Bidentate structures involving two oxygen atoms are preferred. Based on these conformations, a linear correlation was observed between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and the limiting oxidation potentials measured by linear sweep voltammetry, which supports experimental results that strongly electron-withdrawing substituent anions are more resistant against oxidation than their organic counterparts. The correlations were also observed between ionic conductivity and binding energy, solubility and theoretical set of parameters of anion, thermal stability and the hardness (η). Wave function analyses have been performed by natural bond orbital (NBO) method to further investigate the cation–anion interactions.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative value of performing electricity laboratory by physical, virtual and comprehensive (combination of virtual and physical) methods with respect to changes in students ‘conceptual understanding of DC electric circuits and their skills. To achieve these, a pre–post comparison test (DIRECT V1.2) and final skill test that include coordinated tasks of assembling a real circuit and describing how it worked, were used that involved 100 undergraduate students. At the end of the study by means of statistical tests, we observed considerable changes in comprehensive group's learning and virtual group's skill in comparison with the other groups.
The γH2AX assay is widely used as a marker of DNA damage in multiple scientific fields such as cancer biomarker, clinical studies and radiation biology. In particular, the in vitro γH2AX assay has been suggested as a novel in vitro genotoxicity test with potential as a pre-screening tool. However, to date, limited assessments have been carried out to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the in vitro γH2AX assay. In this study, the microscopy-based system combining automated cellular image acquisition with software quantification for High Content Screening (HCS) has been used for the first time to evaluate the in vitro γH2AX assay. A panel of well-characterised genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds was selected to assess the performance of the in vitro γH2AX assay in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The results obtained during this preliminary assessment indicate that the in vitro γH2AX assay has a high accuracy (86%) as a result of high sensitivity and specificity (86–92% and 80–88% respectively). Our data highlight the potential for γH2AX detection in HCS as a complement to the current regulatory genotoxicity battery of in vitro assays. We therefore recommend more comprehensive assessments to confirm the performance of the in vitro γH2AX assay by HCS with a more extensive set of compounds.
An efficient estimation of the State of Charge (SoC) of an electrical battery in a real-time context is essential for the development of an intelligent management of the battery energy. The main performance limitations of a SoC estimator originate in limited Battery Management System hardware resources as well as in the battery behavior cross-dependence on the battery chemistry and its cycling conditions. This paper presents a review of methods and models used for SoC estimation and discusses their concept, adaptability and performances in real-time applications. It introduces a novel classification of SoC estimation methods to facilitate the identification of aspects to be improved to create an ideal SoC model. An ideal model is defined as the model that provides a reliable SoC for any battery type and cycling condition, online. The benefits of the machine learning methods in providing an online adaptive SoC estimator are thoroughly detailed. Remaining challenges are specified, through which the characteristics of an ideal model can emerge.
Natural graphite, which is used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, is thermally treated to improve its cycleability and reduce irreversible reactions with the electrolyte. Natural graphite is treated in air at 550°C. The weight loss increases when the thermal oxidation time is increased. The BET surface area of the graphite decreases with increasing weight loss. The cycleability and efficiency of the thermally oxidized natural graphite improves significantly. Thermal oxidation decreases the irreversible capacity for side-reactions with the electrolyte on the first cycle. By contrast, it does not change the reversible capacity and rate capability. The improvement in the cycleability after thermal oxidation may be due to the removal of imperfect sites on the graphite.
E-cigarette (vaping) conventions are public events promoting electronic cigarettes, in which indoor use of e-cigarettes is allowed. The large concentration of people using e-cigarettes and poor air ventilation can result in indoor air pollution. In order to estimate this worst-case exposure to e-cigarettes, we evaluated indoor air quality in a vaping convention in Maryland (MD), USA. Real-time concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and real-time total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO2 and NO2 concentrations were measured. Integrated samples of air nicotine and PM10 concentrations were also collected. The number of attendees was estimated to range from 75 to 600 at any single observation time. The estimated 24-h time-weighted average (TWA) PM10 was 1800 μg/m3, 12-fold higher than the EPA 24-h regulation (150 μg/m3). Median (range) indoor TVOCs concentration was 0.13 (0.04–0.3) ppm. PM10 and TVOC concentrations were highly correlated with CO2 concentrations, indicating the high number of people using e-cigarettes and poor indoor air quality. Air nicotine concentration was 125 μg/m3, equivalent to concentrations measured in bars and nightclubs. E-cigarette aerosol in a vaping convention that congregates many e-cigarette users is a major source of PM10, air nicotine and VOCs, impairing indoor air quality. These findings also raise occupational concerns for e-cigarette vendors and other venue staff workers.
Group-III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4, -6, -7, and -8) modulate neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids and beta-amyloid-peptide (βAP), as well as epileptic convulsions, most likely via presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands for group-III receptors, we previously utilized knock-out mice to identify mGluR4 as the primary receptor mediating neuroprotection of unselective group-III agonists such as L-AP4 or (+)-PPG, whereas mGluR7 is critical for anticonvulsive effects. In a recent effort to find group-III subtype-selective drugs we identified (+/−)-PHCCC as a positive allosteric modulator for mGluR4. This compound increases agonist potency and markedly enhances maximum efficacy and, at higher concentrations, directly activates mGluR4 with low efficacy. All the activity of (+/−)-PHCCC resides in the (−)-enantiomer, which is inactive at mGluR2, -3, -5a, -6, -7b and -8a, but shows partial antagonist activity at mGluR1b (30% maximum antagonist efficacy). Chimeric receptor studies showed that the binding site of (−)-PHCCC is localized in the transmembrane region. Finally, (−)-PHCCC showed neuroprotection against βAP- and NMDA-toxicity in mixed cultures of mouse cortical neurons. This neuroprotection was additive to that induced by the highly efficacious mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt and was blocked by MSOP, a group-III mGluR antagonist. Our data provide evidence for a novel pharmacological site on mGluR4, which may be used as a target-site for therapeutics.
This paper describes a DC isolated network which is fed by distributed generation (DG) from photovoltaic (PV) renewable sources to supply unbalanced AC loads. The battery energy storage bank has been connected to the DC network via DC/DC converter called storage converter to control the network voltage and optimize the operation of the PV generation units. The PV units are connected to the DC network via its own DC/DC converter called PV converter to ensure the required power flow. The unbalanced AC loads are connected to the DC network via its own DC/AC converter called load converter without transformer. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for storage converter which has a DC voltage droop regulator. Also a novel control system based on Clarke and Park rotating frame has been proposed for load converters. In this paper, the proposed operation method is demonstrated by simulation of power transfer between PV units, unbalanced AC loads and battery units. The simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC software show that DC isolated distribution system including PV units can provide the balanced voltages to supply unbalanced AC loads.
This study considers the effect of the usage of a social network site (www.grouply.com) for a class related group project on the development of individual abilities and performance in group work. Data were collected from three sections of an intermediate macroeconomic class at a Spanish university and groups were randomly assigned to work (or not) using the social network. Findings suggest that, although students are in general attracted by the idea of using SNS in class-related team work, the introduction of a tool they are not familiar with may hamper their self-perceived level of competence in a number of skills
To effectively alleviate the severe volume expansion, pulverization and aggregation of anodes during the charge and discharge processes, we designed novel three-dimensional porous Sn@PVP-CX composites as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), in which Sn nanoparticles (NPs) are wrapped with outer layer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and the Sn@PVP core-shell nanostructures are homogenously loaded on mesoporous carbon xerogel (CX) matrix. Introducing a flexible and stable layer of PVP on surface of Sn NPs can effectively prevent the aggregation of Sn NPs and counteract the pulverization of Sn NPs due to the large volume changes generated during the lithiation-delithiation processes. CX acted as a conductive matrix, displaying porous structure with merits of continuous porosity, interconnected 3D porous structure and large interfacial surface area, can effectively alleviate the strain and stress from volume changes, provide the sufficient channel for Li ions and electrons, shorten the diffusion path of Li ions. The unique Sn@PVP-CX with Sn@PVP NPs homogenously loaded on the CX matrix can show improved structure stability as LIBs anodes. The LIBs based on Sn@PVP-CX composite anode display greatly improved electrochemical performance, showing a capacity of 757mA h g−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 after 100 cycles, improved cycling stability and rate capability. The related mechanism is investigated.
A unique MoS2-based composite composed of MoS2 nanosheets wrapped by a conductive polypyrrole (PPY) layer and closely incorporated within reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets is prepared by all-solution method. As a free-binder electrode for lithium-ion batteries, the ternary electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1428 mAh g−1, maintains 1070 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1, and also exhibits superior rate capacity of 600 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 2000 A g−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the advantageous combination of the 3D hierarchically rGO skeleton and in-situ formed conductive PPY coating. This design route represents a new direction for high-performance lithium ion batteries and related energy storage application with advanced nanostructured materials.
The wide temperature (especially bellow −20 °C) performance of the commercial lithium ion batteries using graphite anodes have been criticized for a long time. One most possible solution is to use hard carbon (HC) as anode but its huge irreversible capacity loss (ICL) has to be compensated during initial charging process. In order to overcome this issue, we propose the Li5V2(PO4)3 (L5VP) cathode to match the HC anode. Based on a “Giving comes before receiving” strategy, L5VP is firstly obtained by lithiating Li3V2(PO4)3 (L3VP) as the “giving” step; Then the ICL of HC is entirely compensated by de-lithiation of L5VP below 3.0 V (vs. Li+/Li) so called “receiving”. As a result, the L5VP||HC pouch full cell exhibits a much higher initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.7% and achieves a high specific energy of 320 Wh kg−1 at room temperature. Especially, it can charge and discharge at −40 °C with 80% capacity delivery, which is the best performance ever reported. In addition, over 90% energy retention can also be achieved at a high temperature of 55 °C, exhibiting wonderful wide temperature range (−40–55 °C) performance. Furthermore, the L5VP shows a stable phase transition behaviour and the minimum heat release (10–40 J g−1) during lithium insertion/extraction, which are studied via in-situ XRD, CV and thermal analysis methods. This work can arouse wide research interests of battery or hybrid capacitor systems with similar pre-lithiation or pre-sodiation issues.
Global warming encourages interest worldwide to integrate large quantities of renewable energy into the power grid as these sources are free from greenhouse gas emissions as well as assisting to reduce the energy crisis. Demand for energy in the Capricornia region of Queensland, Australia is increasing due to expansion of the coal industry and the availability of nearby iconic tourist attractions such as the Great Barrier Reef. Therefore, to reduce the energy crisis as well as minimise global warming, a hybrid renewable energy integration system was developed to facilitate installation of significant renewable energy generation capacity into the grid in the subtropical climate of Central Queensland. The proposed hybrid renewable energy integration system comprises a prediction model that forecasts solar and wind generation in advance; a techno-economic model that analyses the techno-economic and environmental prospects of renewable energy; and a load management system by which utilities can manage customer load demand efficiently. It has been shown that a subtropical climatic region has significant potentialities for substantially increased use of renewable energy which can not only contribute to the reduction of global warming, but also reduce energy generation costs and help ameliorate the energy crisis.
A brand new method for synthesizing Mn(PO3(OH))·3H2O is attained in this paper. During this process, pure flake-like Mn(PO3(OH))·3H2O precipitate is prepared using C2H5OH as initiator. Besides that, LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C is successfully synthesized from the Mn(PO3(OH))·3H2O precursor at 650 °C for the first time. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are applied in the characterization of the Mn(PO3(OH))·3H2O precursor and LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is also used to investigate the morphology of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and galvanostatic charge and discharge test are employed to characterize the Mn(PO3(OH))·3H2O precursor and LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 material, respectively. The as-prepared LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C material exhibited a reversible capacity of 131 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C. It can be confirmed that the incorporation of Fe into LiMnPO4 can significantly improve the electrochemical properties for improving the conductivity of the material and facilitating the Li+ diffusion. In addition, a capacity of 120 mAh g−1 is still delivered at 0.05 C rate with a capacity retention of about 91% after 25 cycles, and reversible capacity can reach 105 mAh g−1 at 1 C.
Ionic liquid gel polymer electrolyte (IL-GPE) was prepared in situ by photocuring of a mixture containing N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (IL), lithium bis(trifluoromethane-sulphonyl)imide and ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate. The obtained IL-GPE was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry (CV and LSV) and galvanostatic charging/discharging. Ionic conductivity of the IL-GPE reached 0.64·10−4 S cm−1 at 25°C and increased with a rise in temperature to 4.8 10−3 S cm−1 at 95°C. Electrochemical stability of the IL-GPE is ca. 4.8V vs. Li/Li+. The assembled cell consisting of the Li/IL-GPE/LiFePO4 exhibited stable cycle properties and high capacity above 162 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles (96% of theoretical capacity, which for LiFePO4 is 170 mAh g−1) at the C/20 rate and 25°C. The results obtained indicate that the new IL-GPE is a promising candidate as an electrolyte for flexible lithium ion batteries.
Ternary oxide nanosheets are very promising Li-ion battery anode materials. However, they are challenging to synthesize due to their complex compositions. Current ternary oxide nanosheet synthesis strategies are limited and not scalable. Herein, a general methodology is presented for the synthesis of ternary oxide nanosheets with controlled compositions and properties, using graphene oxide as two-dimensional template. TiNb2O7 and Ti0.61Nb1.29O4 have been synthesized as nanosheets for the first time using the graphene oxide-templated method. In addition, NixCo3−xO4 and MnxCo3−xO4 nanosheets have been prepared with tunable compositions. The ternary oxide nanosheets were applied as Li-ion battery anodes with very promising performance.
Background Galantamine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor with effects on nicotinic receptors, has shown mixed effects on cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Given these mixed results we examined whether galantamine compared to adjunctive placebo may improve cognitive functions in patients treated concomitantly with a long acting atypical antipsychotic. Method The parent study was a 52-week double-blind, randomized study of treatment with long-acting injectable risperidone 25mg or 50mg every two weeks. Adjunctive galantamine or placebo treatment was administered from Month 6 to 12. Outcome measures were neurocognitive, psychopathology, social and quality of life functions. Patients were randomized to blinded galantamine up to 24mg/day or matching placebo tablets. All patients were maintained on their randomized long-acting injectable risperidone regimen for the duration of the trial. Results 32 patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. No statistically significant differences were found for Attention Vigilance, Declarative Memory, Processing Speed, Reasoning/Problem Solving, Working Memory domains and the Neurocognitive Composite Score. Group specific analysis showed a statistically significant group interaction (p =0.043) with the Social Cognition domain showing in the galantamine group significantly lower scores at endpoint than placebo patients. The PANSS general psychopathology subscale showed significantly higher scores in the galantamine group at endpoint (p =0.05). ANCOVA model for within treatment group comparisons showed a significant increase of 7.3 points for the total PANSS score for the galantamine group. Conclusion Galantamine showed no ameliorative effects on cognitive measures in this 6month, double-blind study of patients with schizophrenia treated with an assured and stable antipsychotic medication delivery system. Galantamine may not be an appropriate augmentation agent for cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia at the dose used.