batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The accurate identification of battery model parameters is critical to the development of the battery management system (BMS). For large capacity Li-ion batteries, different internal processes happen inside the cell during charging and discharging, which introduce the complex dynamics that occur on different time scales. The multi time-scaled effect of the battery dynamics imposes difficulties on the design of an accurate parameter identification algorithm. As an original contribution, we propose a novel adaptive identification algorithm of the model parameters on separated time scales. The battery dynamics are described with a second-order ECM (equivalent circuit model), where the slow dynamics and fast dynamics are described separately. The parameter identification algorithm is composed of two separated modules, of which one is for the identification of slow dynamics and the other is for the identification of fast dynamics. The two modules are executed on separated time scales. The identification module for slow dynamics is based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) while the module for fast dynamics is based on recursive least squares (RLS). The coupling of the two modules is through the voltage response of the slow dynamics. To make the algorithm more adaptive, the operation time scale of the slow identification module is not constant, but dependent on current profiles. Validation with experimental results shows that the proposed identification strategy performs better than the traditional RLS based identification methods.
Reprogramming somatic cells from one cell fate to another can generate specific neurons suitable for disease modeling. To maximize the utility of patient-derived neurons, they must model not only disease-relevant cell classes, but also the diversity of neuronal subtypes found in vivo and the pathophysiological changes that underlie specific clinical diseases. We identified five transcription factors that reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into noxious stimulus–detecting (nociceptor) neurons. These recapitulated the expression of quintessential nociceptor-specific functional receptors and channels found in adult mouse nociceptor neurons, as well as native subtype diversity. Moreover, the derived nociceptor neurons exhibited TrpV1 sensitization to the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 and the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin, modeling the inherent mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain hypersensitivity and painful chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Using fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III), we found that the technique was able to reveal previously unknown aspects of human disease phenotypes in vitro.
Micro Direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) has attracted wide attention in the field of portable electronic equipment because of its unique advantages such as no charge, environment friendliness, simple structure and convenient fuel storage. It has obtained important applications in laptop, mobile phones, micro-satellites, electric vehicles, MEMS devices, video camera and other aspects. So, it is significant to study in depth its structure, functional characteristics and applications. This review shows the progress on the recent development of micro direct methanol fuel cell. Lots of functional components including micro flow field plate, membrane electrode assembly, proton exchange membrane, catalytic layer, diffusion layer and collector are studied and discussed. The supplies management and packaging technology are also explained and discussed in detail. A mass of portable devices whose power are supplied by μDMFC are researched and discussed. This work will provide an comprehensive guide to those who want to study μDMFC.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been regarded as disparate and mutually exclusive to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III-R and DSM-IV. However, this idea has become obsolete due to a growing body of evidence suggesting numerous phenotypic and genetic similarities between ADHD and ASD. ASD symptoms or autistic traits in individuals with ADHD have been examined; however, most studies were conducted on children and relied on self- or parent- reports. ASD symptoms assessed with more direct, objective measures, such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) in adults with ADHD, remain understudied. In the present study, we used the ADOS-2 to evaluate ASD symptoms in adults with ADHD who were not clinically diagnosed with ASD. Fifty-six adults (mean age 33.9 years, 35 males, intelligence quotient ≥ 85), who were diagnosed with ADHD based on the DSM-5 criteria, completed Module 4 of the ADOS-2. Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-III were also administered to assess self-rated ASD symptoms, ADHD symptoms, and intelligence, respectively. Overall, 23.3% of participants met the ASD diagnostic classification on the ADOS-2. Social reciprocal interaction scores tended to be higher, while restricted and repetitive behavior scores were low. The scoring patterns and possible overlapping and differing phenotypic characteristics of ADHD and ASD are discussed.
The effect of land use change from agricultural to short rotation woody crops on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity is not fully understood. We studied the effect of land use change on soil respiration, in a factorial experiment, 4 years after converting an agricultural field to a Walker poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus × petrowskyana var. Walker) plantation in the boreal region of northeastern Alberta. Overall, total soil respiration was greater in the agricultural plots (planted to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) than in the poplar plots. Soil respiration and soil temperature at the 10-cm depth in both land uses had similar seasonal and diurnal variations. The season-long temperature sensitivity (Q10) of daily and nighttime soil respiration in the alfalfa plots was greater than that in the poplar plots, with Q10 values of 5.4 vs. 4.9, respectively. Our data also show that, 4 years after land use conversion, the heterotrophic respiration was smaller in the poplar plots than in the adjacent agricultural plots, indicating potential benefits of plantation establishment in reducing heterotrophic respiration. However, the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration based on monthly nighttime rates, which minimizes the plant phenological influences, was greater in the poplar plantation, suggesting that soil respiration could become greater in the poplar plantation under a future warmer climate. We conclude that establishment of poplar plantations, which are known to have a fast rate of biomass production for long-term carbon storage, may help mitigate climate change by reducing heterotrophic and total soil respiration in the Canadian boreal region, but the long-term implications (e.g., changes in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration over time) need to be further studied.
Hybrid electric vehicles powered by fuel cells have been focused for alternative powertrains due to their high efficiency and low emission. The relative engine sizing and power split strategy of different power sources have great effect in influencing the fuel economy. In this paper, for a given driving cycle, the overall efficiency of a fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicle is maximized by identifying the best degree of hybridization (DOH) and a power control strategy. Fuzzy logic is used in power distribution of the hybrid vehicle, where the optimized centers and widths of membership functions are found by optimization. Simulation results show that the optimally designed and controlled hybrid vehicle can provide good fuel economy and overall system efficiency.
Aniline was copolymerized chemically in presence of five different concentrations of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulphone using potassium persulphate. The copolymer exhibited good solubility in DMF and DMSO. Copolymers were characterized by UV–VIS, FTIR, XRD and SEM studies. The formation of polymer through N–H group was understood from the single N–H stretching vibrational frequency at 3378cm−1 and bands at 1630 and 1494cm−1 for quinonoid and benzenoid structures, respectively. The stretching vibration of sulphone SO at 1115cm−1 clearly indicated the presence of DDS in the copolymer. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of nano sized crystalline copolymer. When more DDS was incorporated in the copolymer the crystalline nature changed from less to more. The grain size of the copolymer calculated from Scherrer's formula was 83nm. The nano size copolymer formation was also confirmed through surface morphology (100nm) studies. The electrical property of the copolymer was studied by four-probe conductivity meter. The synthesized polymers have conductivity of 7.21×10−3 to 2.07×10−3 Scm−1. The voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical results were also presented.
A systematic investigation on the electrochemical performances of all-solid-state TiS2/Li-In cells with various configurations using glass-ceramic Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) solid electrolytes is presented. In spite of the superior conductivity of LGPS to that of LPS, LGPS shows poor stability in the low voltage range below ∼1 V (vs. Li/Li+) as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ex-situ XRD experiments. The combined use of the LGPS cathode layer and an LGPS-LPS SE bilayer where LPS forms an interface with the Li-In anode ((TiS2-LGPS)/(LGPS-LPS)/Li-In cell) results in the best overall performance at 30°C, exhibiting a capacity of ∼60mA h g−1 (∼25% of the theoretical capacity) at 20C, over a voltage range of 1.5–3.0 V (vs. Li/Li+). Combined analyses by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and conductivity measurements of the cathode layers highlight the importance of having an SE of high conductivity and optimizing the structure of the composite electrode.
Transition metal oxides and carbonates are emerging anode materials for lithium-ion batteries based on conversion reactions. In this paper, MnO sphere is simply prepared by decomposition of the spherical MnCO3 precursor, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are employed to modify their lithium storage capabilities. It is found that the MnO system has superior battery performance over MnCO3 although both of their performances could be significantly improved by carbon nanotube backbones. In particular, the MWNTs/MnO composite sphere shows an outstanding electrochemical performance with a comparatively lower lithium extraction potential. The reversible specific capacity at 35 mA g−1 is ∼1005 mA h g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of ∼68%. After 200 cycles at 130 mA g−1, the capacity is slowly decreased from ∼722 mA h g−1 to ∼597 mA h g−1 indicating a retention of ∼83%. Under a high current rate of 715 mA g−1 (∼1.6 C), it could still deliver ∼447 mA h g−1. The high conductivity of MWNTs, unique spherical morphology of the composite, facile electron and Li+ transportations in the electrode/electrolyte interface, self-accommodation of the large volume change during discharge/charge and synergetic lithium storage from each component are ascribed for the advanced performance.
A novel CuO negative electrode with network-like architectures was fabricated on copper substrate by a simple solution-immersion step and subsequent heat treatment, which avoids the use of binder and conducting agent that necessary to the conventional electrode-preparation process. The as-prepared CuO electrodes exhibit not only high reversible capacity but also long cycling life, high rate capability in Li ion batteries. The result of this approach creates a new and attractive negative electrode with good electrochemical performance, which is simple, mild conditions, low cost, and easy control. It also opens a pathway for the application of other nanostructured materials of transition metal oxides in lithium ion batteries.
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) likely represents the prodromal stage of synucleinopathy. The present study investigated how levels of serum uric acid (UA) affect cognition and motor function in patients with iRBD. A total of 42 patients with iRBD and 45 healthy controls were included. All participants were given cognitive tests and motor assessments. Serum UA concentrations were measured. The patients were further divided into two groups (high or low UA) according to serum UA level. The level of serum UA was similar between the patients with iRBD and the healthy controls, whereas the patients showed impaired executive, memory, and visuospatial functions. The patients with low UA levels had longer durations of RBD. Lower scores involving attention, executive function, and language domain were also found in the patients with low UA, whereas the scores of the patients with high UA were similar to those of the healthy controls. Regarding memory domain, the low UA group had worse scores than the healthy controls, whereas the scores of high UA group fell between those of the low UA group and the healthy controls. Motor function was not affected in any of the groups. UA affects cognitive function but not motor function in patients with iRBD, which could contribute to its antioxidant and neuroprotective roles.
A novel electrolyte applied in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) has been prepared based on lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and acetamide and subsequently characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), electrochemical techniques and so on. The mixtures of LiPF6 and acetamide at the molar ratios of 1:4 to 1:6 exist as liquids below 25°C, which is attributed to the melting point depression of mixture and the coordination of the polar groups (CO and NH groups) of acetamide with Li+ and PF6 − ions. The strong interaction between LiPF6 and acetamide results in the rupture of the electrovalent bond of LiPF6 and the breakage of hydrogen bonds among the acetamide molecules, leading to the formation of a liquid electrolyte. The LiPF6/acetamide electrolyte with a molar ratio of 1:5.5 exhibits a 5.2V electrochemical window and suitable ionic conductivity at room temperature. In particular, the coin-type cells with carbon electrodes and LiPF6/acetamide electrolyte possess high thermal stability and electrochemical properties, showing that the as-prepared LiPF6/acetamide electrolyte is a promising candidate for EDLCs.
Porous carbon aerogels are prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde catalyzed by sodium carbonate followed by carbonization of the resultant aerogels in an inert atmosphere. Pore structure of carbon aerogels is adjusted by changing the molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst during gel preparation and also pyrolysis under Ar and activation under CO2 atmosphere at different temperatures. The prepared carbons are used as active materials in fabrication of composite carbon electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes has been tested in a Li/O2 cell. Through the galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, it is found that the cell performance (i.e. discharge capacity and discharge voltage) depends on the morphology of carbon and a combined effect of pore volume, pore size and surface area of carbon affects the storage capacity. A Li/O2 cell using the carbon with the largest pore volume (2.195cm3/g) and a wide pore size (14.23nm) showed a specific capacity of 1290mAhg−1.
A study of the effect of synthesis techniques and conditions on the electrochemical, structural and physical properties of solution phases of Li2MnO3 and LiNi1−x Co x O2 is reported. In this system, the formal oxidation state of the manganese is +4, while that of the nickel and cobalt is +3. These materials were produced from a variety of precursors and chelating agents. Modifications in the synthesis were found to affect the microstructure of the products and their electrochemical performance. It is demonstrated that, with good compositional and microstructural control, solution phases of Li2MnO3 and LiNi1−x Co x O2 can have stable discharge capacities as high as 240mAhg−1. Furthermore, it has been found that a solution phase of Li2MnO3 and LiNi1−x Co x O2, having no nickel content, Li1.2Mn0.4Co0.4O2, can produce very high discharge capacities (∼235mAhg−1) when charged to voltages greater than 4.3V, despite an apparent theoretical capacity of only 125mAhg−1.
Silicon is a promising material for negative electrode in Li-ion batteries because of high gravimetric capacity. A Si nanomaterial that can accommodate volume expansion accompanied by lithiation is needed for practical application in Li-ion batteries. We prepare three-dimensional nanoporous interconnected silicon material with controlled pore and ligament sizes by dealloying using an Mg–Si precursor and Bi melt. The Mg atoms in the precursor selectively dissolve into Bi, and the remaining Si atoms self-organize into a nanoporous structure with characteristic length ranging from several ten to hundred nanometer. The Li-ion battery electrodes made from nanoporous silicon exhibit higher capacities, increased cycle lives, and improved rate performances compared with those made from commercial Si nanoparticles. Measurements on the electrical resistivity and electrode thickness change by lithiation/delithiation suggest that the superior performance of nanoporous Si electrode originates from the following: (1) The nanoporous Si has much lower electrical resistivity compared with that of the nanoparticle Si owing to the n-type dopant incorporated during dealloying. (2) The nanoporous Si-based electrode has higher porosity owing to the presence of intra-particle pores, which can accommodate Si expansion up to higher levels of lithiation.
Abstract Authors are associated with the Instrumentation System of Power Plants for over decades and are still in touch with modern technology. This book is the outcome of their experiences to benefit practicing engineers and students associated with power plants. Power Plant concepts are based on Laws of Thermodynamics depicting the relations among Heat, Work, property of system, Specific Weight / Volume, Path, Process, etc. Definitions of different types of Energy, Work, Boyle’s Law & Charles Law with general and combined equations, Avogadro’s Law / Hypothesis, Universal Gas Constant, Enthalpy, Entropy, Rankin and other cycles are touched upon in this Chapter along with Pressure – Volume and Temperature-Entropy Diagram for steam, different types of Boilers, Turbines, Condensers and Regenerative cycles. These recapitulations have been done at the beginning to enable reader to refresh basic knowledge on power plants.
Micro-grids are effective concepts and systems to interface renewable and sustainable energy resources into utility, which has been paid significant attention. In this paper, the policies and demonstrations of micro-grids for researches and developments, as well as practical applications in China have been comprehensively reviewed. Many recent policies on renewable energy and micro-grids are summarized, which have been guiding and contributing the development of micro-grids in China. Additionally, the available micro-grids demonstrations in China are also introduced in detail. Finally, the emergency necessaries and trends of micro-grid applications in China have been concluded.
A MoS2-based nanocomposite for use as an anode in lithium-ion batteries was prepared via a facile and scalable high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) technique. In this study, we report the effect of the type of carbon matrix (2D graphite (G), 1D carbon nanotube (CNT), and 0D amorphous carbon (C)) as well as that of the HEMM time on the electrochemical performances. Among all nanocomposites studied, MoS2/G exhibited the most excellent cycle life, delivering a gravimetric capacity of 737 mAh g−1 after 210 cycles (84% retention) and outstanding rate performance, resulted from a homogenous mixing between MoS2 and G. In addition, as compared to MoS2/CNT and MoS2/C, the capacity retention of MoS2/G over long-term cycling was markedly steady and stable for various milling times applied. Furthermore, the best weight ratio between MoS2 and G was experimentally determined to be 7:3 based on the electrochemical performances. The superiority of MoS2/G was further investigated by density functional theory calculations, which showed the much higher binding energy of G than CNT toward MoS2, leading to the improved miscibility and the mechanical robustness of MoS2/G. Overall, the MoS2/G nanocomposite synthesized by a simple HEMM process presents a new and promising candidate for high-performance anodes for LIBs.
Background: Almost 50% of schizophrenic persons attempt suicide at some time in their lives and 9–13% of patients ultimately commit suicide. While numerous studies have elucidated the relationship between psychiatric symptomatology and neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia, this is the first report, to our knowledge, to investigate the relationship between suicidal behavior and neurocognition in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Methods: A subgroup of 188 patients participating in the InterSePT trial was assessed at baseline with an extensive neurocognitive battery and measures of suicidality and psychiatric symptomatology. Results: Measures of suicidality did not significantly correlate with neurocognitive performance. Confirmatory analyses between patients currently judged to be at high and low risk for suicide also revealed no neurocognitive differences. Consistent with previous studies, poor neurocognitive performance tended to be modestly correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Rating Scale (PANSS) negative symptom scale. The relationship between suicidality and neurocognitive performance was similar for schizoaffective and schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: The findings suggest that suicidality in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is not correlated with cognition and may, in fact, be a separate domain worthy of investigation and intervention.
Background Natriuretic peptides have prognostic value across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and may predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of previous stroke. Little is known about the association of natriuretic peptides with cognitive function in community-dwelling adults. We assessed the association between N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and cognitive function in community-dwelling ambulatory older adults in the Rancho Bernardo Study. Methods We studied 950 men and women, aged 60 years and older, who attended a research clinic visit where a medical history and examination were performed, and blood for cardiovascular disease risk factors and NT-proBNP levels were obtained. Three cognitive function tests were administered: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail-Making Test B (Trails B), and Category Fluency. Results Participants with high NT-proBNP levels (≥450 pg/mL; n=198) were older and had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (12% vs 30%), and stroke (5% vs 11%; P ≤.001 for both). In unadjusted analyses, all 3 cognitive function test scores were significantly associated with NT-proBNP levels (P <.001). After adjusting for age, sex, education, hypertension, body mass index, exercise, alcohol use, smoking, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine clearance, and previous cardiovascular disease, elevated NT-proBNP levels remained independently associated with poor cognitive performance on MMSE (odds ratio [OR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.6; P =.02) and Trails B (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P =.01), but not Category Fluency (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.2; P =.19). Results were unchanged after excluding the 6% of participants with a history of stroke. Conclusions NT-proBNP levels were strongly and independently associated with poor cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.