batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In 2005, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in chronic graft-versus-host (cGVHD) to achieve consensus about key elements of cGVHD research, including definitions for diagnosis, severity scoring, and response measures. To test these proposed definitions, a multicenter prospective cohort study of people with cGVHD is ongoing. This study will evaluate the performance of proposed prognostic factors, measures of disease activity, and surrogate endpoints for therapeutic response. Data are collected at 6-month intervals in a heterogeneous population of patients reflecting modern transplant techniques and posttransplantation clinical management (target enrollment 672 with cGVHD from 10 transplantation centers). This report describes the rationale, design, and methods of the cGVHD cohort study, and invites other investigators to collaborate with the Consortium to analyze data or specimens.
Au-multiwall carbon nanotube (Au-MWCNT) composites with well-dispersed Au-nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared using a simple and efficient solution method and applied as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. Au NP loading is varied, and electrochemical performance of the Au-MWCNT composites is investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Au NP decoration boosts the supercapacitor performance of the Au-MWCNT composite compared with bare MWCNTs. Composite with lower loading of 10wt% Au loading displays higher specific capacitance (105Fg −1) compared with bare MWCNTs (48 Fg −1) at a current density of 0.8 A g−1, demonstrating that the Au NP decoration significantly enhances the supercapacitor performance of the composite despite no participation of Au in faradic reaction. By varying the metal loading of the composites, it is revealed that lower metal loading with smaller particle size is more effective in enhancing the capacitance behavior of the composites compared with ones with higher metal loading. This behavior is mostly related to the interactions that take place at metal-graphitic interface which may include lowering of Schottky barriers and work function of the metal.
Microgrid systems, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) power and wind energy, integrated with diesel generators are promising energy supplies and are economically feasible for current and future use in relation to increased demands for energy and depletion of conventional sources. It is thus important to optimize the size of hybrid microgrid system (HMS) components, including storage, to determine system cost and reliability. In this paper, optimal sizing of a PV/wind/diesel HMS with battery storage is conducted using the Multi-Objective Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (MOSaDE) algorithm for the city of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. Using the multi-objective optimization approach, the objectives are treated simultaneously and independently, thereby leading to a reduction in computational time. One of the main criteria to consider when designing and optimizing the HMS is the energy management strategy, which is required to coordinate the different units comprising the HMS. The multi-objective optimization approach is then used to analyze the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), the Cost of Electricity (COE), and the Renewable Factor (RF) in relation to HMS cost and reliability and is tested using three case studies involving differing house numbers. Results verify its application in optimizing the HMS and in its practical implementation. In addition, optimization results using the proposed approach provided a set of design solutions for the HMS, which will assist researchers and practitioners in selecting the optimal HMS configuration. Moreover, it is important to select optimally sized HMS components to ensure that all load demands are met at the minimum energy cost and high reliability.
The blending of different lithium insertion compounds has been proven to be a promising approach to design advanced electrodes for future lithium-ion batteries. Blending of certain lithium insertion compounds is done to combine the best properties of the individual active materials and to improve the energy or power density as well as cycling and storage durability. Furthermore, the blend can be tailored to meet specific requirements regarding costs, environmental issues and safety aspects. Herein, we report recent insights into the electrochemical behavior of blended lithium insertion cathodes. This review does not claim to summarize all recent literature, but rather is a critical overview of blended lithium insertion cathodes based on recent research findings. Latest thermodynamic studies enlighten certain mechanisms particularly occurring in blended insertion electrodes. Recent reports on active material combinations, including type-, mass ratio- and design-dependencies, reveal substantial improvements and synergetic effects regarding the electrochemical properties of the blended electrodes. Special experimental methods and setups are developed and applied to examine transport processes in blended insertion electrodes, revealing significant differences towards insertion electrodes containing a single type of active material. First approaches of modeling and simulation of blended insertion electrodes provide valuable information on the microscopic processes within the electrode and adequately reflect the experimental findings on the macro scale.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, TGA and organic elemental analysis (EA). The polymer was tested as cathode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge–discharge tests of PEDOT as the cathode active material was investigated in an electrolyte system of LiN(CF3SO2)2/1,2-dimethoxyethane/1,3-dioxopentane (1:2 by weight). The peak discharge capacity of up to 691mAh/g was obtained during the 1st cycle, and remained above 330mAh/g after 44 cycles. These results indicate that PEDOT can afford a high specific capacity as a cathode active material. A redox mechanism is tentatively proposed.
After the development of the first version of our high-power lithium ion battery in 2000, we have been further improving its performance, such as the power and life. Our recent progress in the development on the new version (Gen 2) battery is presented. The prolonged cycle life test at 50°C reached 900,000 cycles with a 50% increase in the direct current resistance (DCR), and the storage life test at 50°C over 1 year showed a 20% increase in the DCR. These life test data suggested a much longer calendar life in real applications than our former lithium battery version. A new 48-cell module was developed, and it proved to have a high-power capability and good cold cranking performance as expected by the cell performance.
ABSTRACT A 70Co–30Ni dendritic alloy was produced on stainless steel by pulse electrodeposition in the cathodic domain, and oxidized by potential cycling. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified the presence of two phases and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced an open 3D highly branched dendritic morphology. After potential cycling in 1M KOH, SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed, respectively, the presence of thin nanoplates, composed of Co and Ni oxi-hydroxides and hydroxides over the original dendritic film. Cyclic voltammetry tests showd the presence of redox peaks assigned to the oxidation and reduction of Ni and Co centres in the surface film. Charge/discharge measurements revealed capacity values of 121mAhg−1 at 1mAcm−2. The capacity retention under 8000 cycles was above 70%, stating the good reversibility of these redox materials and its suitability to be used as charge storage electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra, taken under different applied bias, showed that the capacitance increased when the electrode was fully oxidized and decreased when the electrode was reduced, reflecting different states-of-charge of the electrode.
Fe2O3/nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogels are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method using amino acids with different acidities as morphology-assisting and nitrogen-doping agents, simultaneously. The Fe2O3 shows a mulberry-shape in the Fe2O3/NG-Aspartic composite, which presents a three-dimensional, loose porous network with a large specific surface area. The electrostatic and metal coordination-chelation interaction among the amino acid with different net charge, Fe3+ and graphene oxide affect the morphology, structure and final electrochemical properties of the Fe2O3/NG composites. The Fe2O3/NG-Aspartic shows a higher specific capacity, longer cycle stability and better rate capability, in comparison with the Fe2O3/NG samples prepared by using basic, neutral and non-nitrogen-doped composites. The Fe2O3/NG-Aspartic electrode provides high energy and power densities. The superior electrochemical performance of the Fe2O3/NG-Aspartic composite is ascribed to the battery-type capacity of iron oxide, the active sites introduced by the nitrogen-doping and the excellent proton-transfer due to the three-dimensional porous network structure of the graphene.
Satellite telemetry studies provide information that is critical to the conservation and management of species affected by ecological change. Here we report on the performance and retention of two types (SPOT-227 and SPOT-305A) of ear-mounted Argos-linked satellite transmitters (i.e., platform transmitter terminal, or PTT) deployed on free-ranging polar bears in Eastern Greenland, Baffin Bay, Kane Basin, the southern Beaufort Sea, and the Chukchi Sea during 2007–2013.
Porous NiCo2O4 microflowers having very high Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (∼109.283 m2/g) are fabricated by a facile solvothermal method followed by calcinating the Co-Ni hydroxides precursor in air. The as-prepared porous NiCo2O4 microflowers exhibit excellent cycling stability (952mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 after 60 cycles and 720mA h g−1 at a current density of 500mAg−1 after 100 cycles). This outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the unique hierarchical structure and high porosity, which can provide enough space to buffer the volume expansion during the discharge and charge processes, increase the contact area between the electrode and electrolyte, and reduce the transport lengths of both lithium ions and electrons. The porous NiCo2O4 microflowers show great potential in high-capacity anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
For many women with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) motherhood decisions are complicated by their condition and complex pharmacological treatments. Decisions about having children or expanding their family require relevant knowledge and consultation with their family and physician as conception and pregnancy has to be managed within the RA context. Relevant information is not readily available to women with RA. Therefore a randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a new motherhood decision aid (DA) developed specifically for women with RA.
The effect of benzodiazepine long-term administration (BLTA) in cognitive functioning of subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) has been partially explored to date. The objective was to assess BLTA-associated cognitive impairment with a comprehensive cognitive battery in a non-selected multicentric/national community-dwelling sample of stabilized SZ subjects.
Using carbon nanotube (CNT) as conductive additive, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CNT is prepared from (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 by a facile solution method and used as high capacity anode material for the first time. Morphology and structure investigation shows that (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CNT exhibits high purity phase with particle size of 0.1–1.0 μm. In the composite, CNT provides a three-dimensional conductive network for electron transportation and can maintain the whole structure upon electrochemical cycles. For comparison, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/carbon black ((NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CB) are also prepared by the same method. Impurity phase of (NH4)3Ce2(NO3)9 can be detected in both (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CB. Electrochemical testing results reveals that (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CNT shows lower initial discharge capacity (1683.6 mAh g−1) than (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O (1972.8 mAh g−1) in the first cycle. However, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CNT shows the highest reversible capacity among all the three samples. After 30 cycles, it can deliver a reversible capacity of 818.5 mAh g−1, which is much higher than that of (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O (50.6 mAh g−1) and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O/CB (208.8 mAh g−1). It suggests that the enhanced electrochemical properties are attributed to the introduction of CNT, which improves the electronic conductivity and structural stability during repeated cycles.
This paper presents the stability analysis of a DC micro-grid fed by renewable sources and the future interconnection with an AC micro-grid. This interconnection is realized through a voltage source converter, and the operation of the micro-grid is in island mode. The stability is analyzed by the Nyquist criteria with the impedance relation method. The frequency response of the models was obtained by the injection of a perturbation current at the operation point. Where this perturbation was at the input of the converter used to export power from the DC grid. Other perturbation was applied at the node of the micro-grid to evaluate its impedance. Finally the simulations show the impedance representation of the systems, and the stability for the interconnection of them. The experimental verification shows the impedance of the converter with the same tendency as the representation obtained by the analytical and simulation.
We study the effect of mechanical stresses arising in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) solid-state batteries. Time-dependent finite element analyses of interdigitated plate cells during a discharge process are performed with a constitutive model that couples ionic conduction within the SPE with its deformation field. Due to the coupled nature of the processes taking place in the SPE, the non-uniform ionic concentration profiles that develop during the discharge process induce stresses and deformations within the SPE; at the same time the mechanical loads applied to the cell affect the charge conduction path. Results of a parametric study show that stresses induced by ionic redistribution favor ionic transport and enhance cell conductivity—up to a 15% increase compared to the solution obtained with a purely electrochemical model. We observe that, when the contribution of the mechanical stresses is included in the simulations, the localization of the electric current density at the top of the electrode plates is more pronounced compared to the purely electrochemical model. This suggests that electrode utilization, a limiting factor for the design of three-dimensional battery architectures, depends on the stress field that develops in the SPE. The stress level is indeed significant, and mechanical failure of the polymer might occur during service.
Despite the utility of data loggers for studying the fine-scale behavior and energetics of marine organisms, most studies using these tools have had relatively low sample sizes due to various factors including the logistical difficulty of physically recovering the loggers. Here, we report a simple methodology for recovering large numbers of data loggers over a broad search area, which has proven successful even for large, itinerant marine species. Techniques described include the use of VHF telemetry, a high-speed search vessel, GPS, and custom maps of the search area in order to record logger float package locations and optimize recovery strategy.
A poor performance of the ternary cathode material, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, at rate capability and low temperature, limits its further application, in electronic markets. Some of the previous research works report that surface modification of cathode materials can enhance their cycle stability. In the current work, (42.5-x) Li2O: 57.5B2O3: xLi2SO4 modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials are prepared via the solution method followed by heat-treatment at 500°C. The lithium fast ion conductors (42.5-x) Li2O: 57.5B2O3: xLi2SO4 provide a stable surface protection for LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The results indicate that (42.5-x) Li2O: 57.5B2O3: xLi2SO4 modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance at high rates and low temperatures. (42.5-x) Li2O: 57.5B2O3: xLi2SO4 (x=10) modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 samples increase the discharge capacity retention of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from 33.4% to 85.3% at the rate of 1C and from 48.6% to 70.0% at −20°C. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirm the existence of a thin Li2O-B2O3-Li2SO4 coating layer (about 10nm) on the original structure of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results demonstrate that the presence of LBO-S coating reduces the interfacial resistance towards lithium ion migration.
In this study the compatibility of chitosan (CS) with divalent inorganic salt is discussed. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) consist of CS as a host polymer and magnesium triflate (MgTf) as a dopant divalent salt have been prepared by solution cast technique. The room temperature DC ionic conductivity of CS-based SPE containing 50 wt% of MgTf is determined to be around ≈10−4 S/cm. The surface morphology of the films are then examined using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The crystalline phase of pure CS is found to reduce upon the addition of MgTf salt. The compatibility of CS with divalent salts are discussed at high salt concentration on the bases of the surface morphology and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The smooth surface micrographs and broad peaks of XRD spectra are interpreted in reference to lattice energy and cationic size of salt. The smooth surface and low resistance (Rb = 47.8 Ohm) at high salt content (50 wt%) are clear signs that CS is more compatible with divalent salts than with other monovalent salts. At low temperature range, the DC conductivity versus 1000/T is shown to follow the Arrhenius equation. The dispersion region of AC conductivity spectra has been used to calculate the frequency exponent, s. Based on the value of s as a function of temperature, different ion transport models have been discussed to interpret the pattern of DC ionic conductivity versus 1000/T. The appearance of peaks in M″ spectra and their absence in ɛ″ spectra reveals that the relaxation process is a non-Debye type.
Bacteroides fragilis and related species are important human pathogens involved in mixed infections of different origins. The B. fragilis group isolates are phenotypically very similar, grow more slowly than aerobic bacteria and, accordingly, are frequently misidentifed with classical or automated phenotypical identification methods. Recent taxonomic changes and new species accepted as members of the Bacteroides genus are not included in the different databases of commercially available identification kits. The use of matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was therefore evaluated for the species identification of 277 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides genus. Species identification was carried out with MALDI Bruker Daltonik Biotyper software (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany) by comparing the mass spectrum of each strain with the mass spectra of the 3260 reference strains currently available. The results of conventional phenotypical identification of the isolates were used as a reference. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for a selection of the strains that gave discrepant results and for all those inconclusively identified by MALDI-TOF MS; 270 isolates (97.5%) were unequivocally identified [log(score) ≥2.0] by comparison with the reference strains present in the MALDI Biotyper database. Of the 23 isolates for which the MALDI-TOF MS species identification differed from the conventional phenotypical identification, 11 were sequenced. The sequencing data confirmed the MALDI-TOF MS result in ten cases and, for the remaining isolate, the sequencing data did not lead to the determination of the species, but only to that of the genus (Bacteroides sp.). The discriminating power and identification accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS proved to be superior to that of biochemical testing for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides uniformis.
ZnAl–CO3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are prepared by the constant pH co-precipitation method in this study and proposed as a novel anodic material for Nickel–Zinc secondary cells. The as-prepared samples are well-crystallized and have the plate-like morphology. It is shown that the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the ZnAl-hydrotalcites is much better than that of ZnO electrode in alkaline system probably due to the lamellar structure of ZnAl-hydrotalcites and the presence of aluminum ions. In spite of a little lower specific capacity, Zn–Al-hydrotalcite electrode has more stable cycling performance, higher charge efficiency and utilization ratio in comparison with ZnO electrode. The effect of Zn/Al molar ratio on the electrochemical performance is investigated and ZnAl-hydrotalcites with Zn/Al molar ratio of 4:1 exhibit the best performance. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 400 mAh g−1 and the capacity retention ratio of 92.7% over 50 cycles. This proves that ZnAl-hydrotalcites electrode is more stable than ZnO electrode in alkaline electrolyte, thus resulting in much better cycling stability.
LiBr has been incorporated into Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 garnet matrix to develop a new garnet-based composite electrolyte through high-energy ball milling followed by solid-state reaction. Of importance to note in the composite materials is joint occurrence of anion doping at Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 bulks and lithiated interface at Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 grain boundaries. Lattice distortion based on Br− substitution at partial O2− sites and high densification resulted from mergence effect of LiBr have been detected in the composite electrolytes. Li-ion conductivity and transport kinetics are thereby enhanced after LiBr incorporation. Also, LiBr addition into Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 causes the appearance of finely microporous feature for the composite materials without compromising pellet densification, which can favor interfacial contact and Li-ion motion between the composite electrolytes and electrode. A full cell with a Li metal anode, the newly developed solid electrolyte, tiny amount of liquid electrolyte, and a LiCoO2 cathode has been assembled in sequence. High cycle stability of the full cell can be derived from capacity retention of 91.8% and high discharge capacity of 111.6 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles at room temperature. Consequently, favorable contributions of LiBr addition towards solid-state cell system can be further ascertained.