batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The surface modification with Li2O-2B2O3 glass is introduced into LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials in a bid to improve the high voltage electrochemical and thermal properties for the first time. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the Li2O-2B2O3 glass is successfully coated on the surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2. It has been found that the electrochemical performances and thermal stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 are obviously improved after Li2O-2B2O3 glass modification. Notably, the 2 wt.% Li2O-2B2O3 coated sample provides a high capacity retention of 90.1% after 100 repeated cycles, compared with 72.3% for the bare one. The outstanding high voltage electrochemical performance and thermal stability of the coated materials are related to the fact that the multifunctional Li2O-2B2O3 coating layer, which can not only isolate the bulk LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 from direct contact with the electrolyte, but also facilitate the diffusion of lithium ions as well as diminish charge transfer impedance of the cell.
Application-specific duty profiles can have a substantial effect on the degradation of utility-scale electrochemical batteries. Here, the researchers propose a framework for controlling battery use in a manner that maximizes the life-cycle benefit of batteries, taking both tariffs and long- and short-term battery degradation into account.
Background Depression is a common contributor to suffering and disability in people with chronic pain. However, the assessment of depression in this population has been hampered by the presence of a number of somatic symptoms that are shared between chronic pain, treatment side-effects and traditional concepts of depression. As a result, the use of depression measures that do not contain somatic items has been encouraged. Objective This study examined the psychometric properties of the Depression sub-scale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) in a Brazilian chronic pain patient population. Method Data on a number of measures were collected from 348 participants attending pain facilities. Results Principal components and exploratory factor analyses indicated the presence of only one factor. Item analyses indicated adequate item-scale correlations. The Cronbach α was .96, which suggests an excellent internal consistency. Conclusion The DASS-Depression scale has adequate psychometric properties and its further use with Brazilian chronic pain populations can now be supported.
Aiming at a better molecular scale understanding of electrolyte degradation processes at electrode|electrolyte interfaces typical for modern batteries, in particular for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), we have developed a novel Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS) approach, and applied this for analyzing the evolution of volatile decomposition products at a high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode. Using a standard LP30 lithium ion battery electrolyte as well as 1.0 M LiPF6 in either ethylene carbonate (EC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC), respectively, the gas evolution rates during potentiodynamic cycling and in potential step experiments were monitored online, with high time resolution, in half-cell measurements. Following the potential and time dependent appearance of the reaction products and their fragments, the major gases evolved were identified as H2, CO2 and CO. Their formation at the LNMO electrode at high potentials is explained by Ni4+ catalyzed dehydrogenation of organic carbonates, as evidenced in the potential step experiments from the correlation of the charge passed and the continuous gas formation even after decay of current down to zero. Differences in the potential dependent and in the time dependent product formation rates in the three electrolytes point to a non-additive behavior of the solvents EC and DMC in LP30. The results clearly illustrate the potential of this set-up for detailed studies of electrolyte degradation processes in modern battery systems.
Pseudocapacitors are promising energy storage devices combining the merit of fast charging ability and high energy density. Constructing electrode materials for pseudocapacitors with two-dimensional (2D) materials has become a trending topic. However, it is still a challenge to address the restacking propensity of the 2D materials and to broaden the operational potential window of pseudocapacitors. We herein demonstrate a facile hydrothermal reaction of synthesizing a three-dimensional V2O3 tubes (assembled with ultrathin nanosheets) coated with MoS2 nanosheets and explore their electrochemical properties for pseudocapacitors. The V2O3 tubes prevent the restacking of MoS2 nanosheets and serve as conductive scaffold for fast electron transport. Owing to the multi-valence of both Mo and V, the potential window of composite is able to straddle between negative and positive potentials. Therefore, the V2O3@MoS2 composite electrode exhibits a broad operational potential range between −1.0 V and +1.0 V, and a high reversible capacitance of 655 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1. Moreover, an asymmetric pseudocapacitor with our composite as a positive electrode achieves a high specific capacitance (108.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), high energy density (31.8 W h kg-1) and excellent cycling stability (no capacitance decay after 35000 cycles).
Many governments highly encourage electric mobility today, aiming at a high market penetration. This development would bring forth an impact on the energy system, which strongly depends on the driving and charging behavior of the users. While an uncontrolled immediate charging might strain the local grid and/or higher peak loads, there are benefits to be gained by a controlled charging. We examine six European mobility studies in order to display the effects of controlled and uncontrolled unidirectional charging. Taking into account country-specific driving patterns, we generate for each country a charging load curve corresponding to uncontrolled charging and consider the corresponding parking time at charging facilities in order to identify load shift potentials. The main results are that besides the charging power of the vehicles, the possibility to charge at the work place has a significant influence on the uncontrolled charging curve. Neither national nor regional differences are as significant. When charging is only possible at home, the vehicle availability at charging facilities during the day for all countries is at least 24%. With the additional possibility to charge at work, at least 45% are constantly available. Accordingly, we identified a big potential for load shifting through controlled charging.
Introduction Dropout is a highly prevalent and serious problem in assessing the effectiveness of weight loss studies and a major cause of treatment failure in the management of morbidly obese patients. Objectives To determine which tests used for the psychometric evaluation of morbidly obese patients are more predictive of success/dropout in a weight loss program. Methods Sixty patients aged 18–65 attending the Outpatient Obesity Clinic between 2009 and 2011, were recruited for an intensive life style weight loss program. We compared the results obtained in Hamilton Depression scale, Hamilton Anxiety scale, Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction, Eating Disorders Inventory-2, SF-36 Health Survey and Plutchik's Impulsivity questionnaire between patients who completed the intervention with those obtained in patients who did not complete it. Results The rate of decline in the patients attending our program was 41.6% in the first year. Our results suggest that the Plutchik Impulsivity questionnaire, could be used as a predictive tool for success/attrition in intensive life style weight loss program. Conclusions Our results suggest that the Plutchik Impulsivity questionnaire, could be used as a predictive tool for success/attrition in intensive life style weight loss program. The screening of patients prior to inclusion in these programs should help to optimize its efficacy and efficiency.
Sulphur and carbon codoped anatase nanoparticles are synthesized by one-step approach based on interaction between thiourea and metatitanic acid. Electron microscopy shows micrometer-sized randomly distributed crystal aggregates, consisting of many 25–40 nm TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained phase composition and chemical states of the elements in the structure are analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD shows that after doping the tetragonal anatase structure is preserved. Further data assessment by Rietveld refinement allows detection of a slight increase of the c lattice parameter and volume related to incorporation of the doping elements. XPS confirms the coexistence of both elemental and oxide carbon forms, which are predominantly located on the TiO2 particle surface. According to XPS analysis sulphur occupies titanium sites and the element is present in S6+ sulfate environment. Analysis based on cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) suggests an accelerated Li+ transport in the doped TiO2 structure. The synthesized S and C co-doped anatase has an excellent electrochemical performance in terms of capacity and very fast lithiation kinetics, superior to the non-doped TiO2. The material displays 83% capacity retention for 500 galvanostatic cycles and nearly 100% current efficiency.
Normal young, elderly, Broca’s aphasic, and Wernicke’s aphasic individuals participated in an online category verification task where primes were superordinate category labels while targets were either typical or atypical examples of animate categories or nonmembers belonging to inanimate categories. The reaction time to judge whether the target belonged to the preceding category label was measured. Results indicated that all four groups made significantly greater errors on atypical examples compared to typical examples. Young and elderly individuals, and Broca’s aphasic patients performed similarly on the verification task; these groups demonstrated faster reaction times on typical examples than atypical examples. Wernicke’s aphasic patients made the most errors on the task and were slowest to respond than any other participant group. Also, these participants were not significantly faster at accepting correct typical examples compared to correct atypical examples. The results from the four groups are discussed with relevance to prototype/family resemblance models of typicality.
The transition towards energy systems characterized by high share of weather dependent renewable energy sources poses the problem of balancing the mismatch between inflexible production and inelastic demand with appropriate solutions, which should be feasible from the techno-economic as well as from the environmental point of view. Temporal and spatial decoupling of supply and demand is an important element to be considered for the evolution of built environment, especially when creating sectorial level planning strategies and policies. Energy efficiency measures, on-site generation technologies, demand side management and storage systems are reshaping energy infrastructures and energy market, together with innovative business models. Optimal design and operational choices in buildings are systemic, but buildings are also nodes in infrastructural systems and model-based approaches are generally used to guide decision-making processes, at multiple scale. Built environment could represent a suitable intermediate scale of analysis in Multi-Level Perspective planning, collocated among infrastructures and users. Therefore, the spatial and temporal scalability of modelling techniques is analysed, together with the possibility of accommodating multiple stakeholders’ perspectives in decision-making, thereby finding synergies across multiple sectors of energy demand. For this reason, the paper investigates first the cross-sectorial role of models in the energy sector, because the use of common principles and techniques could stimulate a rapid development of multi-disciplinary research, aimed at sustainable energy transitions. Further, relevant issues for the integration of energy storage in built environment are described, considering their relationship with energy efficiency measures, on-site generation and demand side management.
Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by severe cognitive deficits involving different cognitive domains such as memory decline, language deficits, and apraxia. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is supposed to represent a potential preclinical stage of the disease where distinct cognitive deficits occur. Although, memory impairment has been addressed in recent neuroimaging studies the neural substrates of most cognitive deficits in AD, which can be reliable be assessed by using the neuropsychological test battery of the Consortium to Establish a Register for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), remain unresolved. To this concern, positron emission tomography (PET) has been proofed an adequate method for unrevealing the neural substrates of cognitive dysfunctions. Method: Seventy-five patients with AD and MCI were investigated with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET. In all patients, the neuropsychological test battery of the CERAD was applied. Using statistical parametric mapping significant correlations were calculated to assess the association of cerebral glucose metabolism and neuropsychological test performance. Results: Significant correlations between memory test scores and activation of temporo-frontal and cingulate cortices occurred. Verbal fluency and naming scores were significantly correlated with predominantly left temporo-parietal and frontal cortices whereas constructional praxis test scores were significantly correlated with left temporal and right frontal cortices. Irrespective of domain, delayed memory performance was associated with a network including rather frontal association cortices. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that neuropsychological deficits as assessed by the CERAD involve different cerebral sites and thus underline the clinical validity of this clinical instrument.
Drying for agricultural and marine products are one of the most attractive and cost-effective application of solar energy. Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in various parts of the world, yielding varying degrees of technical performance. Basically, there are four types of solar dryers; (1) direct solar dryers, (2) indirect solar dryers, (3) mixed-mode dryers and (4) hybrid solar dryers. This paper is a review of these types of solar dryers with aspect to the product being dried, technical and economical aspects. The technical directions in the development of solar-assisted drying systems for agricultural produce are compact collector design, high efficiency, integrated storage, and long-life drying system. Air-based solar collectors are not the only available systems. Water-based collectors can also be used whereby water to air heat exchanger can be used. The hot air for drying of agricultural produce can be forced to flow in the water to air heat exchanger. The hot water tank acts as heat storage of the solar drying system.
Electrochemical characteristics of m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) based composite cathode materials involving compounds such as AgCl, TiO2, HgO and CuCl have been investigated and (Mg AZ31 alloy anode) as an activated battery system using 2 M magnesium perchlorate aqueous electrolyte. The concentration of the composites has been optimized so as to obtain high electrochemical performance of Mg/m-DNB reserve batteries through constant current discharge studies. Mg/m-DNB cells containing 5-wt % of HgO when discharged at current density of 2.1 mA cm−2 delivered 5.3 Ah capacity corresponds to a columbic efficiency of 97% as compared to the cells without composite.
Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits do not typically form enduring bonds with others. However, few studies have documented the associations between psychopathic traits and social functioning. This study systematically explored associations between psychopathic traits and a number of measures characterising social/material goals, social beliefs and the need for belonging, providing a comprehensive assessment of aspects of social functioning associated with psychopathic personality traits. Additionally, a novel experimental vignettes task assessed the extent to which participants identified dominance in themselves and admired this trait in others. Community males with high levels of psychopathic traits appeared not to be motivated by meaningful, long-term relationships. Instead, they seemed to be motivated by goals relating to their own image and financial success. Additionally, these individuals admired dominance in others, but did not clearly identify this trait in themselves. Thus, this study is one of the first to empirically explore multiple areas of social functioning in relation to psychopathic traits, with a view to understanding the social motivations of individuals with high levels of these traits. The findings provide empirical evidence that individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits seem motivated to look after themselves, but not others.
This research compares two generation components in grid-connected and stand-alone power supply (SPS) systems (6 kWp solar photovoltaic array, and a 6 kWp diesel generator), separately supplying a homestead’s electricity load (12 kWh day−1 average, 10 kWp), against a 2 km underground electricity distribution line extension. The technical simulation intervals (15 min) included realistic peak demand and generation component outputs, based on actual load data collected from an existing homestead and local meteorological data in the southwest of Western Australia. The separate emission and economic calculations incorporated technical simulation data, were based on emission factors for the region, used 2010 market prices for capital and operational costs, all projected over 15 years. The economic model included an 8% real discount rate, and several assumptions customised for each scenario. The results suggest small-scale distributed electricity generation systems are currently unattractive economically when compared to medium distance network extension, and increased the cost of electricity for private individuals (or governments if subsidised) with small mitigation benefits. The scenario results and discussions illuminate the specific economic barriers for small-scale photovoltaic components in both stand-alone and grid-connected systems in areas proximal to electricity distribution networks in regional Western Australia.
Hierarchical porous TiO2 nanopills were synthesized using a titanium metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) as precursor. The as-synthesized TiO2 nanopills owned a large specific surface area of 102 m2/g and unique porous structure. Furthermore, the obtained TiO2 nanopills were applied as anode materials for Na-ion batteries for the first time. The as-synthesized TiO2 nanopills achieved a high discharge capacity of 196.4 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. A discharge capacity of 115.9 mAh/g was obtained at a high current density of 0.5 A/g and the capacity retention was remained as high as 90% even after 3000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to its unique hierarchical porous feature.
A series of boroxine polymers (BP) with different backbone lengths were synthesized. Polymer electrolytes prepared by blending poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and BP with Li(N(SO 2CF3)2) (LiTFSI) were evaluated. Better performance was observed by addition of BP in the PEO based polymer electrolyte. The effect of the backbone length of BP on electrochemical properties of PEO–BP–LiTFSI electrolyte systems was investigated. Compared with the PEO–LiTFSI system, about five times higher ionic conductivity at low temperature and five times higher lithium ion transference number at 70 °C were achieved by incorporation of long chain BP in the electrolyte. Short chain BP exhibited outstanding performance in decreasing interfacial resistances on both anode and cathode surfaces. Good battery performance was also observed for these BP containing hybrid polymer electrolytes.
This study translated the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) into Chinese and examined its factor structure and measurement invariance in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.
A surface coating of Li3PO4 was applied to a Ni-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM) material to improve its thermal stability and electrochemical properties via a citric acid assisted sol-gel method. The addition of citric acid effectively suppressed the instant formation of Li3PO4 in solution, resulting in successful coating of the NCM surface. The improved thermal stability of NCM after Li3PO4 surface coating was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD). In particular, the TR-XRD results showed that the improved thermal stability after Li3PO4 surface coating originates from suppression of the phase transition of charged NCM at high temperatures. Furthermore, the charge–discharge tests demonstrated that Li3PO4-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (LP-NCM) has excellent electrochemical properties. LP-NCM exhibited a specific capacity of 192.7 mAh g−1, a capacity retention of 44.1% at 10 C, and a capacity retention of 79.7% after 100 cycles at a high cut-off voltage of 4.7 V; these values represent remarkably improved electrochemical properties compared with those of bare NCM. These improved thermal and electrochemical properties were mainly attributed to the improvement of the structural stability of the material and the suppression of the interface reaction between the cathode and the electrolyte owing to the Li3PO4 coating.
Eleven types of manganese-containing electrode materials were subjected to long-term storage at 55°C in 1M LiPF6 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC) solutions. The amount of manganese dissolution observed depended upon the sample surface area, the average Mn oxidation state, the structure, and substitution levels of the manganese oxide. In some cases, structural changes such as solvate formation were exacerbated by the high temperature storage, and contributed to capacity fading upon cycling even in the absence of significant Mn dissolution. The most stable materials appear to be Ti-substituted tunnel structures and mixed metal layered oxides with Mn in the +4 oxidation state.
As mandated by No Child Left Behind, schools must find ways to improve test scores. How do benchmark tests fare as a means of informing teachers in order to raise achievement for low-income students? This study of English language arts instruction at a low-income high school investigates the administration’s use of standardized benchmark assessments over 3 years. The socioeconomic conditions for students where teachers were implementing this reform had deleterious effects. The study found that teachers had difficulty getting students up to grade level in an under-resourced program, especially with hundreds of skills represented in the standards. The teachers viewed the benchmark tests as an interruption to their classroom instruction and as an inadequate means of measuring their students’ progress. Ultimately, even the administration found the tests an inadequate assessment for their purposes.