batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study examines the constraints to the uptake of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. SHS are photovoltaic systems which generate electricity for residential properties. The limited numbers of SHS installed in HCMC are mostly on-grid systems with backup batteries to supply electricity to residential properties during evenings and/or power cuts. Semi-structured interviews with SHS installers, manufacturers and users, plus government agencies and technical experts identify pricing, regulatory issues and the cost of systems as major constraints. Cost-benefit analysis is then used to estimate the financial rates of return and payback periods for three representative SHS. Introducing net metering with a price equal to the proposed tariff of VND 3250/kWh would generate financial rates of return of over 7.5% and shorten the payback periods for the two larger systems from more than 30 years to 12 or 13 years. Smaller off-grid kits are already competitive with small, stand-alone diesel or gasoline generators. In the next five years, reforms to Vietnam's electricity market can be expected to green the energy mix and make SHS more finally attractive. SHS therefore represent a promising technology for HCMC in the future.
ABSTRACT This study analyzed theoretically the effects of a carbon paper (CP)-based electrode on the performance of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Compared to conventional carbon felt-based electrode materials, the CP-based electrode showed superior characteristics in facilitating the redox reactions of VO2+ /VO2 + and V2+ /V3+ couples, such as better electrochemical activity and higher electronic conductivity. A three-dimensional, non-isothermal VRFB model developed in a previous study was applied to a range of single cell structures equipped with CP-based electrodes and flow channels in the current collectors. The model was then validated using the experimental data measured under the CP- and channel-based VRFB geometries. The model successfully captured the experimental trend that showed a higher discharging performance with increasing number of CP layers used for each electrode. The simulation results clearly showed that the activation overpotentials in the electrodes were reduced significantly using more CP layers, which dominated over the effects of increased mass transport limitation of vanadium ions due to the thicker electrode.
Amorphous SnCo alloy nanowires (NWs) grown inside the channels of polycarbonate membranes by potentiostatic codeposition of the two metals (SnCo-PM) were tested vs. Li by repeated galvanostatic cycles in ethylene carbonate-dimethylcarbonate – LiPF6 for use as negative electrode in lithium ion batteries. These SnCo electrodes delivered an almost constant capacity value, near to the theoretical for an atomic ratio Li/Sn of 4.4 over more than 35 lithiation–delithiation cycles at 1C. SEM images of fresh and cycled electrodes showed that nanowires remain partially intact after repeated lithiation–delithiation cycles; indeed, several wires expanded and became porous. Results of amorphous SnCo nanowires grown inside anodic alumina membranes (SnCo-AM) are also reported. The comparison of the two types of NW electrodes demonstrates that the morphology of the SnCo-PM is more suitable than that of the SnCo-AM for electrode stability over cycling. Optimization of NW technology should thus be a promising route to enhancing the mechanical strength and durability of tin-based electrodes.
This paper presents a solar-powered lighting system, using cold-cathode fluorescent-lamps (CCFLs), with its battery-charging circuit and lamp-ignition circuit being separated so that its solar panels can be installed at any distance deemed necessary away from the lighting site in order to receive the maximum solar energy available. This system adopts the maximum-power point tracking (MPPT) method to control the power output of the solar panels and uses the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) DC–DC converter, as the charging circuit, to increase the panels’ power generation efficiency and the charging circuit’s conversion efficiency. The electronic ballast circuit for the CCFL is constructed with a half-bridge inverter, a resonant inductor, and a Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer, which forms a piezoelectric resonant-type inverter: to simplify the circuitry and to improve the power conversion efficiency, the ballast circuit is designed to directly step up the battery voltage in igniting the lamp. We also establish the transmission-parameter model for the piezoelectric resonant-type inverter to provide the base for the electric-power circuit design. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed system possesses some advantages, such as greater energy efficiency, circuitry simplicity, and so on, and is suitable for night lighting in house yards, parks and advertising panels.
The establishment of synaptic connections requires precise alignment of pre- and postsynaptic terminals. The glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor GFRα1 is enriched at pre- and postsynaptic compartments in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that it has a function in synapse formation. GDNF triggered trans-homophilic binding between GFRα1 molecules and cell adhesion between GFRα1-expressing cells. This represents the first example of a cell-cell interaction being mediated by a ligand-induced cell adhesion molecule (LICAM). In the presence of GDNF, ectopic GFRα1 induced localized presynaptic differentiation in hippocampal neurons, as visualized by clustering of vesicular proteins and neurotransmitter transporters, and by activity-dependent vesicle recycling. Presynaptic differentiation induced by GDNF was markedly reduced in neurons lacking GFRα1. Gdnf mutant mice showed reduced synaptic localization of presynaptic proteins and a marked decrease in the density of presynaptic puncta, indicating a role for GDNF signaling in hippocampal synaptogenesis in vivo. We propose that GFRα1 functions as a LICAM to establish precise synaptic contacts and induce presynaptic differentiation.
Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications. Cation–anion combinations that exhibit low volatility coupled with high electrochemical and thermal stability, as well as ionic conductivity, create the possibility of designing ideal electrolytes for batteries, super-capacitors, actuators, dye sensitised solar cells and thermo-electrochemical cells. In the field of water splitting to produce hydrogen they have been used to synthesize some of the best performing water oxidation catalysts and some members of the protic ionic liquid family co-catalyse an unusual, very high energy efficiency water oxidation process. As fuel cell electrolytes, the high proton conductivity of some of the protic ionic liquid family offers the potential of fuel cells operating in the optimum temperature region above 100 °C. Beyond electrochemical applications, the low vapour pressure of these liquids, along with their ability to offer tuneable functionality, also makes them ideal as CO2 absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Similarly, the tuneable phase properties of the many members of this large family of salts are also allowing the creation of phase-change thermal energy storage materials having melting points tuned to the application. This perspective article provides an overview of these developing energy related applications of ionic liquids and offers some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities.
The rod-like manganese dioxide (MnO2)/acid-treated carbon nanotube (a-CNT) nanocomposites have been synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. The MnO2 nanorod with the diameter of about 10nm and length of 50∼120nm is in-situ deposited on the surface of acid-treated CNT through the redox reaction of KMnO4 and Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O. Results show that the electron transfer efficiency of the MnO2/a-CNT nanocomposites is greatly enhanced and results in a high electrical conductivity. The energy storage mechanism of as-prepared MnO2/a-CNT in mild aqueous electrolyte (ZnSO4 and MnSO4) is associated with the insertion/extraction of zinc ion into/from the tunnels of crystalline α-MnO2. The composites display both excellent storage properties with zinc ions (∼400 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1) and reversibility at various current rates (∼100% coulombic efficiency after 500 charge/discharge cycles). The MnO2/a-CNT nanocomposites are rather promising cathode material for high performance rechargeable zinc ion batteries.
This paper describes a multi-objective power dispatching problem that uses Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) as storage units. We formulate the energy storage planning as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, respecting PEV requirements, minimizing three different objectives and analyzing three different criteria. Two novel cost-to-variability indicators, based on Sharpe Ratio, are introduced for analyzing the volatility of the energy storage schedules. By adding these additional criteria, energy storage planning is optimized seeking to minimize the following: total Microgrid (MG) costs; PEVs batteries usage; maximum peak load; difference between extreme scenarios and two Sharpe Ratio indices. Different scenarios are considered, which are generated with the use of probabilistic forecasting, since prediction involves inherent uncertainty. Energy storage planning scenarios are scheduled according to information provided by lower and upper bounds extracted from probabilistic forecasts. A MicroGrid (MG) scenario composed of two renewable energy resources, a wind energy turbine and photovoltaic cells, a residential MG user and different PEVs is analyzed. Candidate non-dominated solutions are searched from the pool of feasible solutions obtained during different Branch and Bound optimizations. Pareto fronts are discussed and analyzed for different energy storage scenarios. Perhaps the most important conclusion from this study is that schedules that minimize the total system cost may increase maximum peak load and its volatility over different possible scenarios, therefore may be less robust.
HDR video on mobile devices is in its infancy and there are no solutions yet that can achieve full HDR video reproduction due to computational power limitations. In this paper we present a novel and versatile solution that allows the delivery of HDR video on mobile devices by taking into account contextual information and retro-compatibility for devices that do not have the computational power to decode HDR video. The proposed solution also enables the remote transmission of HDR video to mobile devices in real-time. This context-aware HDR video distribution solution for mobile devices is evaluated and discussed by considering the impact of HDR videos over conventional low dynamic range videos on mobile devices as well as the challenge of playing HDR videos directly locally or remotely.
Ti3C2(OH)2 coated nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material is prepared with wet coating process. The effects of the Ti3C2(OH)2 concentration on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2cathode materials are investigated. The microanalyses show that Ti3C2(OH)2 is successfully coated on the surface of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material. All cathode materials display the excellent hexagonal ordering and the low ratio of I (006+102) /I (101) . Furthermore, the Ti3C2(OH)2 coated cathode materials presents excellent cycling capability and rate capability. Among them, the 3.0 wt.% Ti3C2(OH)2 coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 displays the highest discharge capacity of 124.5 mAh/g with the capacity retention of 86.4% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, and the best rate performance at high current density. So Ti3C2(OH)2 coating is good promising material for LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 to improve the long-life and rate capability.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies and preferentially affecting women of childbearing age. Because the offspring of mothers with SLE show a high frequency of learning disorders1,2,3,4,5, we hypothesized that maternally transferred autoantibodies that bind DNA and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)6,7,8,9,10,11,12 could have a pathogenic role during fetal brain development. Here we describe a maternal SLE mouse model wherein pregnant dams harbored DNA-specific, NMDAR-specific autoantibodies throughout gestation. High titers of these autoantibodies in maternal circulation led to histological abnormalities in fetal brain and subsequent cognitive impairments in adult offspring. These data support a paradigm in which in utero exposure to neurotoxic autoantibodies causes abnormal brain development with long-term consequences. This paradigm may apply to multiple congenital neuropsychiatric disorders.
We introduce a high performance hybrid electrochemical energy storage system based on an aqueous electrolyte containing tin sulfate (SnSO4) and vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4) with nanoporous activated carbon. The energy storage mechanism of this system benefits from the unique synergy of concurrent electric double-layer formation, reversible tin redox reactions, and three-step redox reactions of vanadium. The hybrid system showed excellent electrochemical properties such as a promising energy capacity (ca. 75 W h kg−1, 30 W h L−1) and a maximum power of up to 1.5 kW kg−1 (600 W L−1, 250 W m−2), exhibiting capacitor-like galvanostatic cycling stability and a low level of self-discharging rate.
Many battery simulation models, but also electrochemical interpretations are based on impedance spectroscopy. However, the impedance of a battery is influenced by various factors, e.g. in the case of a lead–acid battery: state of charge (SOC), charging or discharging, superimposed dc current, short-term history or homogeneity of the electrolyte. This paper analyses the impact of those factors on impedance spectra of lead–acid batteries. The results show that very detailed information about the conditions during the measurement is crucial for the correct interpretation of a spectrum.
Seepage measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) were carried out in March 2002 in the Donnalucata boat basin in the southeastern Sicily. SGD rates measured by manual seepage meters ranged from 5.5 to 19.3L/min/m (with an average of 12.1L/min/m), which was 0.6 and 5.9 times the SGD determined in Florida and Perth, respectively. The spatial distribution of SGD was found to be highly variable along ∼300m long coast area. Semi-diurnal SGD variations which anti-correlated with tide were found using newly developed automated seepage meters that can provide continuous SGD data with high resolution. These variations may be attributed to the tidal effect, when a greater hydraulic gradient, observed at low tide, moves groundwater from land to the ocean, and an opposite effect is observed at high tide.
A probabilistic framework is developed for the prognosis of battery packs. It is demonstrated using aging campaign data, that aging models alone may not be sufficient for aging prognosis, and aging model parameter estimation may further improve the accuracy of prognosis. A systematic framework that extends the aging models to battery pack aging and prognosis still remains challenging. We propose a framework that bridges the gap in cell and pack aging prognosis in a probabilistic sense, and further improves the prognosis by estimating the aging model parameters for the pack. The framework is versatile for various applications because it is not restricted to a specific cell chemistry, or a type of aging model. In addition, the proposed framework could distinguish more aged cells as compared to other cells in the pack. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Many individuals presenting to medical settings with heart-related symptoms for which no medical explanation is found might suffer from cardiophobia, but this condition is still poorly identified and addressed. This article presents a case of cardiophobia treated in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation unit and, for the first time, describes the application of brief strategic therapy for the treatment of this condition. In the case reported, the first therapeutic encounter and the key elements of the strategic approach are described in detail with the aim to explain how brief strategic therapy works and how it can be used to identify and address cardiophobia-related behaviors. A 64-year-old male presented to cardiac rehabilitation reporting intense anxiety-provoking heart palpitations, and believing he was at risk of dying from a heart attack. After 3 sessions, an overall improvement in heart-related bodily sensations followed a decrease in the patient’s continuous checking of his heartbeat and seeking reassurance—factors that were largely responsible for the persistence of the problem. Moreover, quantitative evaluation showed increased scores of mood state at the end of treatment. This improvement persisted at the 18-month follow-up. This case is an interesting example of how brief strategic therapy can contribute to the development of a new conceptual model for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiophobia. Still, more systematic research in the field is needed to prove the efficacy and effectiveness of this therapeutic approach on symptoms of heart-focused anxiety.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of key factors for templated grain growth (TGG). Template particles must possess a variety of properties for successful TGG. First, the single-crystal templates should have a suitable morphology with a high aspect ratio (e.g. >5) so that they can be mechanically aligned by shear during the green forming process, such as tape casting, extrusion, or uniaxial pressing. Thus, most templates used in TGG are platelets or whiskers. A fine grain, dense matrix is required because TGG is driven by the difference in surface free energies between the advancing crystal plane and the matrix grains during thermal processing. The effect of liquid phase in TGG is described. Liquid-phase sintering provides favorable kinetics and thermodynamic conditions for template growth. Anisometric templates are typically aligned by shear force during the green forming procedure. Thus, any type of forming process, which provides shear, can be used for TGG including tape casting, extrusion, injection molding, roll pressing, and uniaxial pressing.
Transition metal oxides have received considerable attention as promising electrode materials for the next generation high performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. However, transition metal oxides electrodes usually suffer from severe volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity, leading to fast capacity fading and low rate capability, which limit their commercialization in energy storage devices. Herein, we develop a bifunctional ZnONiO microsphere electrode with yolk-shelled structure for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors by annealing tetracyanide-metallic-frameworks precursor of Zn[Ni(CN)4]. Benefiting from its unique structure and composition, the yolk-shelled ZnONiO microspheres as anode for lithium-ion batteries exhibits a high lithium storage capacity (978 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C) and superior rate performance (628 mAh g−1 at 2.5 C after 300 cycles). While for supercapacitors electrode, it delivers a high specific capacitance of 1350 F g−1 at a current density of 3.0 A g−1 and an excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 92.8% over 6000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect between ZnO and NiO, and the yolk-shelled structure, which can provide rich active sites for electrochemical reaction, and effectively alleviate the volume expansion and structural pulverization of the electrode during charge-discharge cycling.
In electric vehicles (EVs), several battery cells are connected in parallel to establish a battery module. The safety of the battery module is influenced by inconsistent battery cell performance which causes uneven currents flowing through internal in-parallel battery cells. A battery cell model is developed based on the Matlab–Simscape platform and validated by tests. The battery cell model is used to construct simulation models for analyzing the effect of battery cell inconsistency on the performance of an in-parallel battery module. Simulation results indicate that the state-of-charge (SOC) of a battery module cannot characterize the SOC of ALL the internal battery cells in the battery module. When the battery management system (BMS) controls the end-of-charge (EOC) time according to the SOC of a battery module, some internal battery cells are over-charged. To guarantee the safety of ALL battery cells through the whole battery life, a safety EOC voltage of the battery module should be set according to the number of battery cells in the battery module and the applied charge current. Simulations reveal that the SOC of the “normal battery module” is related to its charge voltage when aged battery module is charged to the EOC voltage. Then, a function describing their relationship is established. Both the capacity and the charge voltage shift are estimated by comparing the measured voltage-to-capacity curve with the standard one provided by the manufactory. A battery pack capacity estimation method is proposed according to the SOC and the capacity of the “normal battery module”. Experimental results show that battery pack capacity estimation difference between the proposed method and the standard current integration method is to within 0.35%.
Pea is an important legume vegetable crop which is an essential component of human nutrition. Salinity impedes plant growth and productivity of legume crops by disrupting the ionic and osmotic balance and hormonal regulation. The present study was aimed to examine the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains IG 2 (Acinetobacter bereziniae), IG 10 (Enterobacter ludwigii), and IG 27 (Alcaligenes faecalis) in mitigating salinity stress (75 mM and 150 mM NaCl) in pea. Overall the PGPR inoculation (IG 2, IG 10, and IG 27) improved the growth parameters of pea seedling under salinity stress, but PGPR strain IG 27 had better performance than the other two PGPR strains, i.e., IG 10 and IG 2. Similarly, PGPR inoculation modulated the biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll content, proline content, total soluble sugar, electrolyte leakage, and activities of antioxidant enzymes for alleviation of salt stress. Moreover, PGPR-inoculated plants demonstrated lower levels of electrolyte leakage and H2O2 content under saline conditions in relation to un-inoculated pea seedlings. Additionally, PGPR inoculation of pea plant in field trials with 100 mM NaCl stress exhibited enhanced plant growth and yield. Taken together, our findings suggest the beneficial role of PGPR in alleviating the detrimental effect of salinity on pea seedling growth and yield, further could be used as bio-inoculants to improve crop productivity in saline environment.
In this original work, series of the CuO–V2O5 oxides, such as CuV2O6, Cu2V2O7 and Cu5V2O10 have been synthesized and evaluated as possible candidate cathode materials in high voltage Li thermal batteries. The structure and morphology have been determined and the electrochemical properties at room temperature and elevated temperatures (525 °C) against Li metal alloy have been investigated. At room temperature, an increase in copper content in the vanadate has been found to provoke a gradual negative shift of the operating voltage plateau vs. Li metal. Room temperature discharge capacity in a Li cell is relatively high and can exceed 350 mAhgr−1. In a thermal Li cell configuration and at an elevated temperature a voltage plateau of 3.4 V at a current load of 100 mA g−1 was achieved and a voltage plateau of 2.5 V was recorded with a current load of as high as 310 mA g−1. Thus, copper-vanadate materials may be regarded as promising short time – high voltage cathodes for thermal Li batteries.