batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Rapid microwave hydrothermal synthesis is carried out to obtain hierarchical Mn2O3 microsphere through a self-assembled process within 30minutes. All the raw materials used is nontoxicity without any template or polymer and the side-products are all small molecules which abide by the pricnciple of environmental protection. After the following solid state reaction, the as-prepared Mn2O3 powders can still keep the hierarchical morphology of micro sphere which is consisted of small primary particles and secondary slices. The sample obtained at 600°C with high crystallinity, large specific surface area and mesoporous exhibits best electrochemical performances. High specific capacity of 921.6mAhg−1 could be reached at a current density of 200mAg−1. An interesting phenomenon with abnormal capacity increasing appears which could be ascribed to the continual enhancement of interface Li-storage. Thus, high specific capacity of about 525mAhg−1 is obtained at high current density of 1000mAg−1 after 500 cycles. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are performed to further study the hierarchical Mn2O3 anode material. It is revealed that such rapid microwave synthesis without any contamination is considered as a promising way to obtain hierarchical manganese oxides as anode material for applications.
In this study, we successfully synthesized nanosphere-like NiCo2S4 (NCS) materials via one-pot polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted hydrothermal method, and directly were employed as cathode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). It is found that the surface morphology of the NCS materials can effectively tuned from the irregular to nanosphere-like shape along with the reduced particle size by simply altering the concentration of PVP contents. After the optimization of the PVP concentration, the resultant NCS electrode delivered remarkable specific capacity up to 82.6 and 46.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 and 16 A g−1, respectively. Additionally, an ASC fabricated by employing the nanosphere-like NCS as the cathode and graphene hydrogel (GH) as anode demonstrated a high energy density of 23.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density 1016.5 W kg−1. More importantly, the as-assembled ASC retained 91.4% of its initial capacity after charged/discharged at 8 A g−1 for 5000 cycles, signifying its excellent cycling performance.
Li/O2 batteries draw much attention due to its outstanding theoretical specific energy, but the value of practically achievable specific energy is still under the question. In this paper we employ a numerical model of Li/O2 cell, which takes into account mass transport processes, to simulate non-uniform product precipitation at different discharge current densities in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide and 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based electrolytes. Even for 1,2-dimethoxyethane, which has the highest oxygen mobility and solubility, oxygen transport restrictions at 1 mA/cm2 lead to cell-level specific energy of about 650 Wh/kg if a pure oxygen is supplied to the cell. Finally, in order to assist the ongoing search for new cathode materials, which can be alternative to carbon, we also investigate the effect of electrode material density on cell-level specific energy and show that materials with densities up to 10 g/cm3 can be used without serious penalty to the specific energy.
The direct carbon fuel cell is a special type of high temperature fuel cell that directly uses solid carbon as anode and fuel. As an electrical power generator for power plants, it has a higher achievable efficiency (80%) than the molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells, and has less emissions than conventional coal-burning power plants. More importantly, its solid carbon-rich fuels (e.g. coal, biomass, organic garbage) are readily available and abundant. In this review, some fundamental study results of electrochemical oxidation of carbon in molten salts are summarized. Recent developments in direct carbon fuel cell configurations and performance are also discussed.
The effect of compactness and pressure on the conductivity of supercapacitor electrodes and their resulting electrochemical properties is studied. Mixtures of cobalt oxides MxCoO2 (M = H or Na) with carbon and polymer additives are studied under pressures up to 20 MPa. A power function links the compactness and the resistivity of the powder formulations in this pressure range, coherent with powder rearrangement and grain packing. Although the cobalt oxide grains have a metallic character, the powders remain quite resistive because of weak connections between the grains. Carbon additives enhance the intergranular conductivity in dry formulations and the resistivity mainly depends on the carbon volume content. Electrochemical measurements on a symmetric cell using formulated electrodes in a Na2SO4 electrolyte clearly show a large positive effect of the pressure on the electrochemical performances of the cell: After release of the pressure, the electrode retains a part of its optimum performance.
Hybrid materials with three-dimensional hierarchical architectures have drawn considerable attention in the field of energy storage and conversion owing to the improved electrolyte-accessible surface area and shortened ion transfer paths. In this work, a novel hierarchical Co-Fe LDH@NiO composite with shell-core rod arrays grown on the surface of Ni foam is presented for the use of electrode material without any organic binders and conductive agents. It is found that the expected good conductivity, large electrolyte-accessible surface area and sufficient active sites cannot be well achieved at the same time. Owing to the facile electrolyte diffusion paths and large exposed surface area, Co-Fe LDH@NiO with 46.06% Co-Fe LDH has a specific capacity of 361Cg−1 at 1Ag−1. However, at high current densities, its performance decreases quite dramatically due to the poor electrical conductivity of NiO support and the high interface contact resistance between NiO microrods and Co-Fe LDH nanosheets. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor based on Co-Fe LDH@NiO-Ni and activated carbon electrodes can deliver an energy density of 22Whkg−1 at the power density of 800Wkg−1, showing a promising potential in energy storage and conversion.
Gastroparesis is a serious complication of lung and heart–lung transplantation that can lead to malnutrition, gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration pneumonia and deteriorating lung function. Some patients with severe gastroparesis have symptoms that are refractory to dietary modifications and gastric promotility agents and require surgery. We describe the successful use of gastric pacing for the management of intractable gastroparesis, malnutrition and recurrent aspiration in a heart–lung allograft recipient. Lung transplant recipients with severe gastroparesis may benefit from gastric pacing.
We introduce a novel approach for the high-value production of nano/micro hierarchical structured Sn anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by utilizing microalgal biomass residues that collaterally form during oil extraction for biofuel production. The Sn/C composites made from the oil-extracted microalgal biomass residues (the extracted Sn/C) exhibit the following advantages as high-energy-density anodes: 1) a homogeneous distribution of Sn nanoparticles in the carbon matrix (Sn/C), which efficiently relieves the strain caused by volume changes of the active materials; 2) a high porosity of Sn/C composites; and 3) a homogeneous distribution of the hetero elements N and P in the carbon matrix. Overall, the extracted Sn/C exhibit improved electrochemical performance in LIBs compared with the Sn/C composites made from the microalgal biomass residues without oil extraction (non-extracted Sn/C). The extracted Sn/C have improved rate capabilities (160.0 and 72.9mAhg−1 for the extracted Sn/C and the non-extracted Sn/C, respectively, at the 80th cycle, 3.5Ag−1) and improved cycle performances (511.7 and 493.2mAhg−1 for the extracted Sn/C and the non-extracted Sn/C, respectively, at the 300th cycle, 200mAg−1).
The ligand interaction scan (LIScan) method is a general procedure for engineering small molecule ligand–regulated forms of a protein that is complementary to other 'reverse' genetic and chemical-genetic methods for drug-target validation. It involves insertional mutagenesis by a chemical-genetic 'switch', comprising a genetically encoded peptide module that binds with high affinity to a small-molecule ligand. We demonstrated the method with TEM-1 β-lactamase, using a tetracysteine hexapeptide insert and a biarsenical fluorescein ligand (FlAsH).
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus which can involve one or more organ systems. DAN without apparent symptoms is more often in childhood and adolescence. While heart rate variability (HRV) and Ewing's battery of cardiovascular tests are regarded as a gold standard for the diagnosis of DAN, the examination of cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) is another possibility. The aim of this study was to compare HRV and CRS in children with diabetes mellitus.
The reverse micelles method has been employed to obtain cobalt ferrite samples. The effect of the type of surfactant and volumetric proportion of the aqueous and organic phases on the electrochemical behavior has been evaluated. The sample prepared using Span 80 as a surfactant and equivalent volumes of the aqueous and organic phases showed the highest capacity values and rate capabilities. It has been correlated to the better stability of the faradaic conversion process upon cycling for this sample. Based on the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of discharged electrodes, this result has been associated to the preservation of reduced iron atoms into the core of the particles. The metallic atoms are ready to be oxidized, thus sustaining the reversible electrochemical reaction in further cycles.
As lithium battery technology sets out to bridge the gap between portable electronics and the electrical automotive industry, cathode materials still stand as the bottleneck regarding performances. In the realm of highly attractive polyanion-type structures as high-voltage cathode materials, the sulfate group (SO4)2− possesses an acknowledged superiority over other contenders in terms of open circuit voltage arising from the inductive effect of strong covalent S–O bonds. In parallel, novel lithium insertion mechanisms are providing alternatives to traditional intercalation, enabling reversible multi-electron processes securing high capacities. Combining both of these advantageous features, we report here the successful electrochemical reactivity of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) with respect to lithium insertion via a two-electron displacement reaction entailing the extrusion of metallic copper at a dual voltage of 3.2V and 2.7V followed by its reversible insertion at 3.5V and 3.8V. At this stage, cyclability was still shown to be limited due to the irreversible degradation to a monohydrate structure owing to constitutional water loss.
The goal of this research was to study the effect of various polymer-containing precursors on the performance of LiFePO4/C composite. A coprecipitation method was applied to prepare a series of LiFePO4/C materials by calcinating amorphous LiFePO4 with various polymer compounds at 600°C. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, thermal analysis, BET specific surface area, Raman spectral analysis and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the structure of polymer precursors played an important role in improving the performance of LiFePO4/C composites. The residual carbon produced by the pyrolysis of polymers with functionalized aromatic groups exhibited a better capacity in the LiFePO4/C composites. A polyaromatic compound, e.g. polystyrene, with more functionalized aromatic groups displayed improved performance because its decomposition temperature was close to the temperature of the LiFePO4 phase transformation, which resulted in fine particle size and uniform carbon distribution on the composite surface. According to Raman spectral analysis, polystyrene with more aromatic groups has a lower I D/I G and sp3/sp2 peak ratio indicating more highly graphite-like carbon formation during polymer pyrolysis and exhibited a better capacity.
During the past several years extremely corrosion-resistant positive grid materials have been developed for lead acid batteries. These alloys consist of a low calcium content, moderate tin content, and additions of silver. Despite the high corrosion resistance these materials present problems in battery manufacturing. The very low calcium contents produce soft grids which harden very slowly and require artificial aging at high temperatures to produce adequate mechanical properties for pasting and subsequent handling. The silver and tin additions yield grids which are very corrosion resistant. The grid, however, must be corroded in the pasting/curing process to permit the paste to adhere to the grids. Battery manufacturers have had to go to great lengths to corrode the grids to provide adequate attachment of the active material. Even with these extraordinary measures it is sometimes difficult to get good paste adhesion to the very corrosion-resistant grids. Grid active material interface problems cause reduced battery life. When lead oxides are used for the paste formulation, the free lead may be corroded preferentially to the grids. For lead antimony and most calcium alloys the grids are corroded preferentially to the free lead giving a good bond between grid and active material even if substantial free lead remains in the cured plate. This paper describes the new corrosion-resistant grid materials, explains the high corrosion resistance, assesses problems of processing corrosion-resistant grids, and suggests modifications of alloy compositions to improve performance.
[Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·4H2O, [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O and [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O/C, derivated from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, are firstly investigated for the electrochemical activity as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical results show that [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·4H2O can deliver a higher initial discharge specific capacity (2792.9 mAh g−1) than that of [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O (832.2 mAh g−1) and [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O/C (1169.3 mAh g−1). However, the capacity retention (60.3%) and reversible specific capacity (365.5 mAh g−1) of [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O/C are much higher than those of [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O (4.75% and 39.6 mAh g−1) and [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·4H2O (15.9% and 289.4 mAh g−1) in the first 30 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties are attributed to the decrease of crystal water in the structure and the introduction of carbon black as conductive additive and volume change buffer. The reaction mechanism of [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O/C with Li is also studied in detail by using various ex-situ and in-situ techniques during the initial charge-discharge cycle. It can be found that the electrochemical reaction of [Bi6O4](OH)4(NO3)6·H2O with Li leads to the preliminary formation of metal Bi, LiNO3, LiOH, Li2O and H2O and then the alloying reaction to form Li–Bi alloys.
Technology mediated healthcare services designed to stimulate patients’ self-efficacy are widely regarded as a promising paradigm to reduce the burden on the healthcare system. The promotion of healthy, active living is a topic of growing interest in research and business. Recent advances in wireless sensor technology and the widespread availability of smartphones have made it possible to monitor and coach users continuously during daily life activities. Physical activity monitoring systems are frequently designed for use over long periods of time placing usability, acceptance and effectiveness in terms of compliance high on the list of design priorities to achieve sustainable behavioral change. Tailoring, or the process of adjusting the system’s behavior to individuals in a specific context, is an emerging topic of interest within the field. In this article we report a survey of tailoring techniques currently employed in state of the art real time physical activity coaching systems. We present a survey of state of the art activity coaching systems as well as a conceptual framework which identifies seven important tailoring concepts that are currently in use and how they relate to each other. A detailed analysis of current use of tailoring techniques in real time physical activity coaching applications is presented. According to the literature, tailoring is currently used only sparsely in this field. We underline the need to increase adoption of tailoring methods that are based on available theories, and call for innovative evaluation methods to demonstrate the effectiveness of individual tailoring approaches.
Li1+x Al y Mn2−x−y O4±δ spinel cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been prepared by two methods, a specific two-step and the conventional one-step solid-state calcination methods. Compared with the conventional method, the new two-step method can guarantee the oxygen stoichiometry in spinel samples as well as reduced surface area. These characters lead to the improvement in cycling performance of spinel cathode even at elevated temperature. Moreover, the increase in doping amount of Al into Mn-spinel contributes to smearing the oxygen deficiency at high calcination temperature (1000°C). The oxygen stoichiometric spinel samples exhibited greatly improved cycling performance. Further, Mn dissolution from spinel cathodes into the electrolyte was sufficiently suppressed even at elevated temperature of 60°C. This beneficial influence would be reflected more remarkably in the cycles of lithium-ion full cells (spinel/C).
Mathematical modelling and the dynamic simulation of battery storage systems can be challenging and demanding due to the nonlinear nature of the battery chemistry. This paper introduces a new dynamic battery model, with application to state of charge estimation, considering all possible aspects of environmental conditions and variables. The aim of this paper is to present a suitable convenient, generic dynamic representation of rechargeable battery dynamics that can be used to model any Lithium-ion rechargeable battery. The proposed representation is used to develop a dynamic model considering the thermal balance of heat generation mechanism of the battery cell and the ambient temperature effect including other variables such as storage effects, cyclic charging, battery internal resistance, state of charge etc. The results of the simulations have been used to study the characteristics of a Lithium-ion battery and the proposed battery model is shown to produce responses within 98% of known experimental measurements.
1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA)-derived Polyimide is proposed as the anode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion or sodium-ion battery (ARLB or ARSB), which is based on a mechanism beyond the intercalation chemistry. Comparing with other transient oxide anode for ARLB, Polyimide has more suitable working voltage, higher capacity and better structure stability. Therefore, the ARLB with Polyimide anode and LiCoO2 cathode presents a specific capacity of 71 mAh g−1 and a specific energy of 80 Wh kg−1 in 5 M LiNO3 solution at the current rate of 100 mA g−1, which is the highest among all reported ARLB system. Besides, it shows excellent cycling stability and rate capability. The ARSB system is demonstrated by Polyimide/NaVPO4F cell. It has been proved that the Polyimide anode has a good capacity performance and cycling stability in 5 M NaNO3 solution. The two aqueous rechargeable batteries with Polyimide anode both show a promising prospect in large-scale energy storage.
The study of high energy density electrode materials is central to the development of Li+-ion batteries. Si is among the most promising anode materials for next generation Li+-ion batteries. Model composite electrodes of self-organized, conductive titania (TiO2−x –C) nanotubes coated with silicon (Si) via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are produced and studied in terms of their lithiation/delithiation characteristics. The nanotube array provides direct one dimensional electron transport to the current collector, without the need of adding binders or conductive additives. Both components of the composite can be lithiated delivering 120 μAh cm−2 total capacity for a film thickness of 1 μm and a Si loading of ∼10 wt.%. 86% capacity retention upon 88 cycles at a rate of C/5 and 60 μAh cm−2 total capacity at a rate of 10 C are achieved owing to the low lateral expansion and thus good adhesion of the thin Si coating to the TiO2−x –C nanotubes, and due to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in ethylene-carbonate (EC), dimethyl-carbonate (DMC), vinylene-carbonate (VC) electrolyte with 1 M LiPF6.
This paper introduces a novel Fully Electric Vehicle Traffic Simulator that enables the technological validation and support to decision making procedures when deploying Fully Electric Vehicle Infrastructures and Efficient Cooperative route planning in Smart Cities context. One of the main objectives of Smart Cities platforms and infrastructures is increasing energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission, above all in Logistics and Transportation, and the wide adoption of Fully Electric Vehicles and associated energy efficient route planning and charging paradigms is crucial to achieve these objectives. At the same time, there is the need of tools that can support the real deployment and implementation of these services into real Smart Cities scenarios: this is motivated by the fact that sophisticated traffic simulation tools that are able to simulate the impact of Fully Electric Vehicles into real scenarios are not yet available in the market and the tool that we propose in this paper has the objective of covering this technological gap. The results that we present in this paper are the outcomes of research activities performed in the FP7 project EcoGem and of the early activities of the ACCUS and EMERALD projects.
Herein, we report on the synthesis and Li-ion storage properties of the 0D–2D nanohybrid consisted of bimetal phosphorus trisulfides nanoneedles (Co0.5Ni0.5PS3) and graphene nanosheets (denoted as Co0.5Ni0.5PS3@G). By choosing the Co0.5Ni0.5(OH)2 nanoneedles as precursor, the Co0.5Ni0.5PS3 derived by a simple solid-state transformation (SST) process was successfully attached onto the graphene surface. The as-prepared nanohybrids showed a superior cycling stability and rate performance for Li-ion storage. After cycling at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 for 500 cycles, the capacity are 456 mA h g−1. Particularly, the capacity can reach 302 mAh g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1, which is 66.2% of the capacity at 0.5 A g−1. Even cycling at a current density of 50 A g−1, the nanocomposite can still kept a capacity of 153 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention of 33.6%.