batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The procerebrum (PC) of the snail brain is a critical region for odor discrimination and odor learning. The morphological organization and physiological function of the PC has been intensively investigated in several gastropod species; however, the presence and distribution of ion channels in bursting and non-bursting cells has not yet been described. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify the different ion channels present in PC neurons. Based on whole cell patch-clamp and immunohistochemical experiments, we show that Na+-, Ca2+-, and K+-dependent voltage-gated channels are differentially localized and expressed in the cells of the PC. Different Na-channel subtypes are present in large (10–15 μm) and small (5–8 μm) diameter neurons, which are thought to correspond to the bursting and non-bursting cells, respectively. Here, we show that the bursting neurons possess fast sodium current (INaT) and NaV1.9-like channels and the non-bursting neurons possess slow sodium current (INaT) and NaV1.8-like channels in addition to the L-type Ca−, KV4.3 (A-type K-channel) and KV2.1 channels. We suggest that the bursting and/or non-bursting character of the PC neurons is at least partly determined by the battery of ion-channels present and their cellular and subcellular compartmentalization.
Before a probiotic bacterium can even begin to fulfill its biological role, it must survive a battery of environmental stresses imposed during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Food processing stresses include extremes in temperature, as well as osmotic, oxidative and food matrix stresses. Passage through the GIT is a hazardous journey for any bacteria with deleterious lows in pH encountered in the stomach to the detergent-like properties of bile in the duodenum. However, bacteria are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to counteract intracellular damage or to enhance the robustness of the cell to withstand lethal external environments. Understanding these mechanisms in probiotic bacteria and indeed other bacterial groups has resulted in the development of a molecular toolbox to augment the technological and gastrointestinal performance of probiotics. This has been greatly aided by studies which examine the global cellular responses to stress highlighting distinct regulatory networks and which also identify novel mechanisms used by cells to cope with hazardous environments. This review highlights the latest studies which have exploited the bacterial stress response with a view to producing next-generation probiotic cultures and highlights the significance of studies which view the global bacterial stress response from an integrative systems biology perspective.
This study analyses the relationship existent between the level of awareness of self-efficacy and the tendency of self- improvement. For this study was applied a self-efficacy evaluation questionnaire and a computerized sample from the Vienna Test System-Schuhfried named “OLMT” which represents the motivation to achieve objectives. As a result of the evaluations made on 80 students from The Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences aged between 20-28 years old, it was proved that there is a statistically significant corelation between the self-efficacy level and the tendency of self-improvement. The subjects with a higher level of awareness of self-efficacy had a higher tendency of self-improvement.
The composite material of amorphous titanium oxide and acetylene black (AB) was fabricated by hydrolyzing titaniumisopropoxide in the propanol in which acetylene black was dispersed. The composite material was tested electrochemically. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the amount of reversibly reacted lithium was about x=0.6 in terms of Li x TiO2. The composite could be discharged and charged under constant current densities around 2.0V versus Li/Li+. For current densities of 0.1, 1, and 10Ag−1, the specific capacities measured were 185, 145, and 120mAg−1, respectively. On the basis of the use of the composite material as an anode, the feasibility of energy devices possessing both high-energy and high-power densities in a lithium battery type is discussed.
Ni-rich cathode material attracts a substantial amount of attention due to its high specific capacity, superior energy density and low cost. Nonetheless, there are still a few intrinsic issues which need to be solved including rate performance, cycling stability, elevated-temperature performance, etc. In this paper, the graphene-analogous structural MoS2 with chemical stability and acceptable conductivity is purposefully introduced to modify LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material via a facile wet-chemical approach followed by low-temperature reaction. In addition, lithium-active MoS2 coating layer can provide an interconnected and stable tunnel for the insertion and extraction of lithium ions. Characterizations by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that MoS2 coating layer is uniformly deposited on the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 material. The electrochemical results indicate that the modified cathode material displays excellent structure stability, superior rate performance and outstanding cycling properties.
Attention has a key role in the flight performance of the aviation pilot, therefore it is among human factors commonly used in the evaluation of candidate pilots. In this context, our work aims to define a single integrated instrument able to measure all the distinctive attention factors and to assist the assessment and the training of aviation pilots. In this paper, we present a battery of seven computerized tests, encompassing classical and innovative solutions inspired by the literature in the field, for the integrated measurement of the attention factors of aviation pilots. The computer software is validated by means of an experimental trial with 50 experienced aviation pilots and 50 untrained people as controls. Statistical analyzes confirm that the instrument can effectively classify aviation pilots, and identify a subset of distinctive attention factors that could be used for monitoring their duty.
Layered Li[Li x Ni(1−3x)/2Mn(1+x)/2]O2 materials with x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 were synthesized using a sol–gel method. The layered Li[Li x Ni(1−3x)/2Mn(1+x)/2]O2 structure was stabilized by a solid solution between LiNiO2 and Li2MnO3. The discharge capacity of the Li[Li x Ni(1−3x)/2Mn(1+x)/2]O2 electrodes increased with decreasing Ni content. Li[Li x Ni(1−3x)/2Mn(1+x)/2]O2 electrode with x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 delivered high discharge capacities of 184, 193, 206, and 209mAhg−1 at 30°C, respectively, with excellent cycleability.
Core–shell structural single ionic conductor SiO2@Li+ was successfully synthesized from vinyltriethoxysilane, sodium p-styrenesulfonate and LiOH·H2O by hydrolysis, polymerization and ion exchange and confirmed by TEM and FT-IR. The poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP)-based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membrane doped with SiO2@Li+ was prepared by phase inversion method and the desirable CPE was obtained after being activated in liquid electrolyte. The physicochemical properties of the CPE were characterized by SEM, XRD, TG, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the CPE membrane presents uniform surface with abundant interconnected micro-pores and possesses excellent mechanical performance with high decomposition temperature about 450°C; and adding SiO2@Li+ into matrix remarkably decreases the crystallinity but enhances ionic conductivity of the CPE membrane; the ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number at room temperature are up to 3.885mScm−1 and 0.4374, respectively, and the reciprocal temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of as-prepared CPEs follows Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher relation. The battery properties of the assembled cells using CPE doped with SiO2@Li+ as electrolyte show excellent rate and cycle performance, which is partly attributed to the improved interfacial performance between the electrolyte and electrodes and partly to enhanced electrochemical working window and lithium ion transference number.
The present study aimed to test the sociocultural Tripartite Influence Model (TIM) that helps to explain the associations between the sociocultural pressures to achieve stereotyped body ideals and disordered eating in young Lithuanian women and men of different body mass.
Conventional Al-air battery is not suitable for mini-watt applications due to bulky liquid storage and complex water management. To achieve successful simplification and miniaturization, an innovative paper-based Al-air battery is developed in this study, which employs cellulose paper as electrolyte substrate, low-grade Al foil as anode and carbon paper as cathode. Despite its simple structure and low cost, this battery achieves satisfactory power output together with high efficiency. With alkaline electrolyte, an open-circuit voltage of 1.6 V, a peak power density of 21 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 1273 mA h g−1 are obtained. With saline electrolyte, the battery can continuously work at 1 mA cm−2 for 5.6 h with only 3.5 mg Al. In addition, it is found that the paper-based electrolyte delivery can suppress Al corrosion in alkaline environment, enabling the direct utilization of low-grade Al resources. Moreover, the battery performance is improved by optimizing properties of its components, such as cathode catalyst, electrode area ratio and paper substrate thickness. Finally, a 5-cell battery pack is successfully developed, achieving an open-circuit voltage of 7.7 V and a stacking efficiency as high as 97%. By further scaling-up, this battery pack is successfully demonstrated for charging portable electronics.
In the near future, all our everyday things and objects will be both connected to the Internet and equipped with enough sensing, acting and processing capabilities to exploit the full potential benefits of the so called Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Even the simplest objects will become “smart” because they will be interconnected to other objects to share and collect data from the environments in which they are placed thus paving the way to novel application services, computing and communication scenarios. In this context, interoperability among different standards and communication technologies is still a significant challenge that we have started to address by proposing a smartphone-based mobile gateway acting as a flexible and transparent interface between different IoT devices and the Internet. The presented unified, high-level and extendible software architecture supports opportunistic IoT devices discovery, control and management coupled with data processing, collection and diffusion functionalities. A specific testbed on common smartphones with different hardware and software capabilities was deployed to evaluate the real feasibility of the designed solution measuring the system performance in terms of energy consumption, memory and CPU usage in high and low load scenarios. According to the obtained results, the implemented software architecture for multi-standard and multi-technology interoperation presents a reduced use of hardware resources in front of a relatively high energy consumption value, mostly due to the simultaneously active radio interfaces combined with a small battery capacity, that limits the smartphone lifetime. Nevertheless, the presented general approach is still remarkable because this latter aspect will most likely be exceeded, in a short time, thanks to daily technological advancements in both batteries and radio interfaces.
For the first time, oxygen reduction reaction has been demonstrated on a system which integrates enzymatic and non-platinum based catalysts simultaneously. This achievement is of a great importance as it offers the possibility of exploring concomitantly two very different types of catalysts, combining the advantages of both in enhancing oxygen reduction reaction rate. The engineered catalytic hybrid material not only possesses lower overpotentials compared to the purely non-PGM catalyst, but also is capable of achieving higher current densities in comparison to purely enzymatic catalyst. The hybrid catalyst undergoes oxygen reduction with the desired 4 electron transfer process, leading to the formation of water as a final product. The achieved current density of 1.2mAcm−2 is believed to be the highest reported for bilirubin oxidase -based gas-diffusion cathode reported so far.
The cholinergic system is essential in mediating cognitive processes. Although there has been extensive research regarding cholinergic receptor subsystems, the specific contribution of the muscarinic and nicotinic receptor system to cognitive processes still has not been sufficiently explored. In the present study, we examined the selective contribution of muscarinic and nicotinic antagonism to cognitive performance in healthy human subjects. A single-blind, double-dummy, time-elapsed, repeated measures cross-over design was used on 15 healthy males. Subjects completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing a wide range of cognitive domains after 0.4 mg scopolamine (intravenous), 0.2 mg/kg mecamylamine (max. 15 mg; oral) or placebo. Subjects were tested under three conditions: placebo/placebo (PP), scopolamine/placebo (SP) and mecamylamine/placebo (MP). Results show that scopolamine significantly impaired the free recall and recognition performance in the verbal learning test. No other cognitive domain was affected, neither by scopolamine nor by mecamylamine. In line with the existing literature, antagonism of muscarinic receptors resulted in specific cognitive impairments, predominantly memory performance.
Development of a comprehensive test battery is necesary for the evaluation and detection of aneugenic chemicals. The chromosome couting method was used in the present study. The aneugenic ability of cadmium choride (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0×10−3 mM), cadmium sulfate (3.3, 6.7×10−5 and 1.3×10−4 mM), potassium dichromate (2.5, 5.0×10−4 and 1.0×10−3 mM) and cacodilic acid (1.25, 2.5 and 5.0×10−2 mM) were analysed using MRC-5 cells which have a modal diploid number of 2 n=46 with a spontaneous aneuploid or polyploid cells not higher than 13% and 8%, respectively. All compounds induced significant increments of aneuploid cells in relation to negative controls. The frequency of aneuploid cells increased in all treatments with cadmium chloride. Cadmium sulfate induced significant increments of aneuploid cells with the two higher doses. All the doses of potassium dichromate increased the frequency of aneuploid cells although to a lesser degree than the other compounds. In these cases, differences were in the borderline of statistical significance (p<0.05). Moreover, a low number of cells could be analysed in treatments with the highest dose due to the decrease in the mitotic index. Results obtained are coincident with previous reports using the same methodology in the sense that induced aneuploidy was mainly evidenced by the increase of hypodiploid but not hyperdiploid cells. In addition, anaphase–telophase analysis of the effects of the same doses of these metal compounds in CHO cells showed significant increments of lagging chromosomes and increased frequencies of kinetochore positive micronuclei in MRC-5 cells. These findings could be considered as an indication that the main cause of unequal chromosome separation is the failure of kinetochores to attach the spindle apparatus either by alteration of its protein components or by the altered chromatid separation in anaphase.
The popular Taylor rule is meant to inform monetary policy in economies that are closed. Its main open-economy alternative, i.e., Ball's (In: J.B. Taylor (Ed.), Monetary Policy Rules, University of Chicago Press, Chicago) rule based on a Monetary Conditions Index, cannot offer guidance for the day-to-day conduct of monetary policy because it may perform poorly in the face of specific exchange rate shocks. In this paper we examine the performance of various monetary policy rules suitable for small open economies vis-à-vis existing rules. This entails comparing the asymptotic properties of a two-sector open-economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model calibrated on UK data under different rules. We find that an inflation-forecast-based rule is a good rule in this respect, one that also proves robust to different shocks. Adding a separate response to the level of the real exchange rate improves stabilisation only marginally.
Enhanced catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) reactions has been achieved by combination of spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles with Ag particles. Quasi-stationary polarization curves showed that the mixed catalyst, Ag+Co3O4 (10wt%), outperformed its components. Rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) measurements revealed a negligible peroxide species formation and a 4-electron pathway for ORR. A tafel slope of ca. 75mVdec−1 has been observed. The overpotential for ORR at 10% Co3O4 catalyst is ca. 70mV lower than that of Ag and only ca. 80mV higher than that of the commercial Pt catalyst. DEMS technique provided a direct evidence for oxygen evolution at these bimetallic catalysts. This hybrid is therefore one of the (or even the) most active, carbon-free, durable, non-precious ORR and OER electrocatalysts reported to date.
This paper presents a power management system of a household photovoltaic-battery hybrid power system within demand side management under time of use electricity tariff. This system is easy to implement by employing cheap electrical switches, off-the-shelf chargers and inverters. Control system models combining both power dispatching level and home appliance scheduling level are proposed to minimize the residents' energy cost and energy consumption from the grid with the practical constraints strictly satisfied. In addition, the resident comfort inconvenience level is considered in the control system models. The trade-off among operating cost, energy consumption and inconvenience is considered and a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated. The optimal control strategies are derived by solving a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. Simulation results show that the energy cost and energy consumption from the grid can be largely reduced with the proposed strategies. These results are important for customers to dispel their major uncertainty in determining whether to newly install or update to such photovoltaic-battery hybrid power systems.
Recent trends in increased public environmental awareness coupled with the introduction of governmental incentives, has resulted in a remarkably rapid growth in rooftop photovoltaic (PV) installations at a residential level in Australia. Despite the widely perceived economic and environmental benefits of rooftop PV, the economic and environmental performance of rooftop PV under Australian conditions are yet to be thoroughly examined. Whilst prior studies on the subject of rooftop PV are extensively overseas based, the conditions under which they are performed differ immensely from the Australian conditions. Consequently, this paper focuses on evaluating the life cycle economic and environmental merit of rooftop PV in Australia. By making use of component-wise costs and embedded emissions associated with each component of the rooftop PV generation system, the life cycle cost and emission models have been developed. For this to occur, the Australian costs and, energy and emission intensities have been used. All the life cycle factors relating to the manufacturing, purchasing, installation and operation of rooftop PV are considered. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to electricity price, feed-in tariff, battery price, battery lifetime and emission intensities. The results of the cost and emissions analyses are collectively used to estimate the cost of emissions mitigation through the use of rooftop PV for current and potential future scenarios in Australia. The cost payback and the energy payback times are found to range between 11 to more than 25years and 1.75 to 14years, respectively. The study also reveals that local load profile can have a significant impact on payback times. For example, the cost payback without battery storage is found to be the least for Tasmania which hosts the least favourable solar insolation conditions and lowest feed-in tariff amongst the Australian states however possesses a high daily load and electricity price.
In this paper, the modelling of an energy generation system based on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system through a parameter varying approach (LPV model), that takes in to account model parameter variation with the operating point, is presented. This model has been obtained through a Jacobian linearization of the PEMFC non-linear dynamic model that was previously calibrated using real data from lab. In order to illustrate the use of the LPV model obtained its application to model-based fault detection is used. For this purposes a set of common fault scenarios, which could appear during a normal PEMFC operation, is used as case study.
Spinel LiMn1.95M0.05O4 (M: Al, Co, Fe, Ni, or Y) is prepared by a combustion synthesis, which is a simple, rapid and cost-effective process for obtaining oxide powders. The spinel is obtained by combustion of lithium hydroxide, manganese nitrate, M-nitrates, and urea at about 280°C for 1min. Well-defined spinel LiMn1.95M0.05O4 was obtained by further heat-treatment at 800°C for 10h. The synthesized LiMn1.95M0.05O4 shows lower initial capacities, viz. 90–132mAh/g than undoped LiMn2O4. The latter has an initial capacity of 146mAh/g which fades to 100mAh/g with cycling. On the other hand, LiMn1.95Co0.05O4, LiMn1.95Ni0.05O4, and LiMn1.95Y0.05O4 display better cycleability than LiMn2O4.
Metallic lithium promises the ultimate anode material for building next-generation Li batteries, though some fundamental hurdles remain unsolved. Li growth induced by hetero particles/atoms has recently emerged as a highly efficient route enabling spatial-control and dendrite-free Li deposition on anode hosts. However, the detailed mechanism of Li nucleation and its interaction with heterogeneous seeds are largely unknown. Herein, we investigate this issue by visualizing Au-seeded Li nucleation processes that guide Li deposition inside the one-dimensional hollow space of individual amorphous carbon nanotubes by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. A reversible two-step conversion process during Au–Li alloying/dealloying reactions is revealed, suggesting that the formation of Li3Au plays the actual role in inducing Li nucleation. We propose a front-growth scenario to explain the spatially confined Li growth and stripping kinetic behaviors, which involves the mass addition and removal at the deposition front through ion diffusion along the tubular carbon shell. As a comparison, nanotubes without gold seeds inside exhibit uncontrolled dendrite-like Li growth outside the carbon shell. We further demonstrate that Au-seed growth can be successful in encapsulating sodium metal for the first time. These findings provide mechanistic insights into heterogeneous seeded Li/Na nucleation and space-confined deposition for design of high-performance battery anodes.