batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Survivors of palliative surgery for single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and reduced exercise capacity. In healthy populations, reduced exercise capacity is related to decreased cognition suggesting a possible relationship between exercise capacity and neurodevelopment. Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and neuropsychological testing (NPT) as indicators of exercise capacity and neurodevelopment, respectively, we hypothesized that in SVHD, higher CPET measures are related to better NPT performance. Patients were retrospectively identified. CPET variables included VO2max, anaerobic threshold, peak heart rate, ventilatory efficiency, and respiratory exchange ratio. NPT instruments were divided into domains measuring attention, executive functioning, adaptive functioning, and emotional functioning. Linear regression was used to test for associations between CPET and NPT. 23 subjects with SVHD met inclusion criteria. On both CPET and NPT, the cohort scored worse than healthy, age-matched subjects. Higher VO2max and anaerobic threshold were associated with better parent-rated overall adaptive functioning (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Higher peak heart rate was related to better sustained visual attention (p = 0.01). In SVHD, CPET measures indicating better exercise capacity were positively associated with a subset of scores on NPT. Larger, multisite studies implementing cardiorespiratory fitness intervention and incorporating cognitive outcome measures will be needed to better characterize the relationship between neurodevelopment and functional capacity in this population. Results may assist in providing anticipatory guidance and optimizing post-Fontan developmental trajectories.
Tin disulfide (SnS2) hierarchical structures have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route for their utilization in lithium-ion batteries. The issue of fast capacity degradation over cycling because of the dramatic volume change that causes particle pulverization and poor contact between the active material and current collector is explored and alleviated for the first time by surface modification of the whole SnS2 electrode via a facile atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD allows the uniform formation of conformal Al2O3 coatings onto the porous electrode, and thereby succeeds to enhance their electrochemical performance. As compared, within fifty battery cycles the bare SnS2 electrode exhibits a final capacity of 219.2mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1, while the coated electrode can deliver the final capacity of 351.1mAhg−1 (60% larger). In addition, the capacity retention and rate capability of the coated electrode is found much better than that of the bare one. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses indicate that the resistance derived from solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and charge transfer process remains fairly smaller in the coated electrode than in the bare one. The better electrode kinetics accounts for the strengthened Li-ion intercalation behaviors of the modified electrodes, and demonstrates that ALD oxide coatings are able to enhance the mechanical integrity and structural stability of SnS2 electrodes, thus effectively impeding the pulverization of active particles and maintaining good electronic conduction paths and efficient charge transfer. Moreover, ALD coatings cover the entire electrode and reduce electrolyte decomposition to attenuate the SEI layer, which also contributes to the cyclability of SnS2.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under controlled hydrodynamic conditions was used to determine the active zone of p-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified electrodes towards ferrocene in acetonitrile solution. For a ferrocene probe, the heterogeneous electron transfer occurred at the p-doped PEDOT film∣solution interface. EIS measurements were carried out below the limiting current. The faradaic impedance at low frequency was used to analyze the effect of the interface heterogeneity in term of an anomalous diffusion process. An anomalous diffusion exponent γ of 1.11 was obtained. The value of the anomalous diffusion exponent indicated a super-diffusive regime of the mass transport. In acetonitrile solution, the heavy oxidized p-doped PEDOT film might be viewed as amorphous organic metals which induced an anomalous diffusion process in its vinicity for diffusion–convection limited reactions. In the absence of specific interaction between the interface and the electrochemical probe, the active zone of the PEDOT modified electrode was mainly controlled by the morphology and the doping level of PEDOT rather than the rate of the heterogeneous electron transfer.
A pseudo two-dimensional mathematical model is developed for a lithium ion battery, integrating the elementary reaction based solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth model with multiple transport processes. The model is validated using the experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the operating temperature has great effect on the SEI layer generation and growth. Under different charging–discharging rates, it is found that high charging–discharging rate can intensify the battery capacity fading process. Different cooling conditions are then applied and show that enhanced surface convective cooling condition can effectively slow down the battery capacity fading. After that, the effect of electrolyte salt concentration and exchange current density are studied. It is found that raising the electrolyte salt concentration can improve the diffusion property of lithium ions, and stabilize the battery performance under lithium ion consumption induced resistance rising. It also suggests that improving exchange current density could greatly decrease the lithium ion battery capacity fading.
There is a need to investigate the occurrence of multisite pain in young adults and to determine potential factors contributing to the early course of multisite musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the occurrence and change of prevalence in the number of pain sites. We also wanted to identify work-related and individual risk factors associated with the number of musculoskeletal pain sites.
A novel tin(II)-compound, bis(η2-N,O-2-[4,5-dimethyloxazolyl]-1,1,1-trifluoro-propen-2-olato)tin, SnII[(Me2C3NO)(CHCOCF3)]2 (1), was obtained by reacting Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 with 2M equivalents of the β-heteroarylalkenol, (Me2C3NO)(CHCOHCF3) (2). The molecular structures of ligand and the tin derivative were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopic studies, which confirmed the monomeric nature and fourfold coordination of the tin(II) center with a pseudo-pyramidal geometry. The bidentate chelating mode of 2 imparted intriguingly high air stability to 1, which together with its high volatility make it an interesting precursor for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CVD of 1 on gold-coated Al2O3 substrates produced single crystalline SnO2 nanowires by vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy studies and X-ray diffraction data confirmed the high crystallinity of SnO2 nanowires possessing an average diameter of 90nm.
Batteries could be central to low-carbon energy systems with high shares of intermittent renewable energy sources. However, the investment attractiveness of batteries is still perceived as low, eliciting calls for policy to support deployment. Here we show how the cost of battery deployment can potentially be minimized by introducing an aspect that has been largely overlooked in policy debates and underlying analyses: the fact that a single battery can serve multiple applications. Batteries thereby can not only tap into different value streams, but also combine different risk exposures. To address this gap, we develop a techno-economic model and apply it to the case of lithium-ion batteries serving multiple stationary applications in Germany. Our results show that batteries could be attractive for investors even now if non-market barriers impeding the combination of applications were removed. The current policy debate should therefore be refocused so as to encompass the removal of such barriers.
With the arrival of smart grid era and the advent of advanced communication and information infrastructures, bidirectional communication, advanced metering infrastructure, energy storage systems and home area networks would revolutionize the patterns of electricity usage and energy conservation at the consumption premises. Coupled with the emergence of vehicle-to-grid technologies and massive distributed renewable energy, there is a profound transition for the energy management pattern from the conventional centralized infrastructure towards the autonomous responsive demand and cyber-physical energy systems with renewable and stored energy sources. Under the sustainable smart grid paradigm, the smart house with its home energy management system (HEMS) plays an important role to improve the efficiency, economics, reliability, and energy conservation for distribution systems. In this paper, a brief overview on the architecture and functional modules of smart HEMS is presented. Then, the advanced HEMS infrastructures and home appliances in smart houses are thoroughly analyzed and reviewed. Furthermore, the utilization of various building renewable energy resources in HEMS, including solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energies, is surveyed. Lastly, various home appliance scheduling strategies to reduce the residential electricity cost and improve the energy efficiency from power generation utilities are also investigated.
We have studied capacity fadings of acid-treated lithium manganese oxides in high-temperature storage. The amounts of dissolved lithium and manganese ions and consumed acids were determined in the reaction of lithium manganese oxides with acids. Discharge capacities of the acid-treated samples were measured and the small capacity fadings were observed. X-ray diffraction patterns of the acid-treated samples were almost the same as the one before the acid-treatment. After the acid-treated samples were stored in the EC/DMC solutions without Mn and Li ions at 80°C for 24h, they gave no further capacity fadings. On the other hand, after the storage under the same condition but in the EC/DMC solution containing both Mn and Li ions, the same acid-treated samples as above showed large capacity fadings. Thus, the following mechanism is deduced; the acid-treated lithium manganese oxide would react with Mn and Li ions in the solution, and its spinel structure would partly be fractured to result in the severe capacity fading.
In this paper we review some critical aspects related to interactions between cathode materials and electrolyte solutions in lithium-ion batteries. Previous results are briefly summarized, together with the presentation of new results. This review deals with the basic anodic stability of commonly-used electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries (mostly based on alkyl carbonate solvents). We discuss herein the surface chemistry of the following cathode materials: LiCoO2, V2O5, LiMn2O4, LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, and LiFePO4. The methods applied included solution studies by ICP, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopies, and electron microscopy, all in conjunction with electrochemical techniques. General phenomena are the possible dissolution of transition metal ions from these materials, which leads to changes in the active mass and a retardation in the electrode kinetics due to the formation of blocking surface films. These phenomena are significant mostly at elevated temperatures and in electrolyte solutions containing acidic species. Water-contaminated LiPF6 solutions can reach a high concentration of acidic species (e.g., HF), which is detrimental to the performance of materials such as LiCoO2 and LiFePO4. Both LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, even when used as nanomaterials, show a high stability in commonly-used electrolyte solutions at high temperatures. This stability is attributed to unique surface chemistry that is correlated to the presence of Ni ions in the lattice.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices can be considered a significant component within cyber-physical systems. They can provide network communication in addition to controlling the various sensors and actuators that exist within the larger cyber-physical system. IoT devices tend to be small and contain a limited battery supply. They typically have strict constraints placed on their power consumption and available hardware resources. It is for these reasons that energy-efficiency is a major consideration in the design of these resource-constrained devices. In addition, these devices are often deployed in unsecured locations which raises concerns about the security of the device. However, the limited amount of available resources presents an obstacle towards the implementation of security protocols for these cyber-physical systems. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) show promise as a potential security option. PUFs can help provide protection from issues such as IC piracy, counterfeiting, etc. Furthermore, solar cells have been utilized as a power source in IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a novel solar cell-based PUF that leverages the intrinsic variations present in solar cells. As a proof of concept, we have constructed multiple copies our proposed solar cell-based PUF using amorphous silicon, monocrystalline silicon, and polycrystalline solar cells. The reliability and uniformity of the responses produced by the copies of the PUFs made from the different types of solar cells were evaluated against variations in temperature and light intensity. From our experiments, we found that with respect to temperature the range of average reliability values was 84.41–91.20% and the range of average uniformity values was 49.34–51.26%. With respect to light intensity, the range of average reliability values was 95.45–97.75% and the range of average uniformity values was 48.74–52.81%. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations performed on monocrystalline silicon resulted in a uniqueness value of 49.989%.
The dynamic characterization of a medieval bell tower, forced by its own bell is obtained by using a newly developed interferometric sensor. The displacement of the tower is remotely detected, without installation of contact sensors and the use of a cumbersome vibrodyne for structure excitation. The measurement technique demonstrated in this paper allows heritage bell towers to be monitored in a simple and rapid way.
We describe a novel sporadic case of SPG56, a rare complicated form of HSP, that expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of the disease, being associated to novel mutations in CYP2U1 and showing as novel feature dorsal hydromyelia at spinal cord MRI. The patient presented an early-onset, slowly progressive paraparesis associated with mild mental retardation. Neurological assessments included the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS), Mental Deterioration Battery (MDB), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Targeted next-generation sequencing panels for the whole set of genes associated with HSP were performed in the probands and her relatives. Neuroimaging studies showed dorsal hydromyelia but no brain MRI abnormalities. Targeted next-generation identified two novel mutations: the c.5C > A/p.S2* on the maternal allele in compound heterozygosity with the paternally-inherited c.1288+5G > C in CYP2U1. Both mutations predict early protein truncation and a loss of function. So far, only few SPG56 cases have been reported. This case, expands and further characterize the clinical and molecular spectrum of SPG56. In this regard, in consideration of the putative gene function in neurodevelopment, we suggest a causal association between CYP2U1 mutations and hydromyelia in our patient.
Nickel metal hydride (Ni/MH) is presently the most promising battery system for electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion in the short and mid-term. This paper presents the results obtained in the development of prismatic Ni/MH batteries for high power, mainly hybrid vehicle, applications. Valve regulated Ni/MH cells rated at 25 and 60Ah have been designed and assembled using improved positive and negative electrodes. Both types of cells showed excellent high rate discharge capability and fast rechargeability and a satisfactory charge retention when stored and cycle life under deep cycling and hybrid vehicle working conditions. On the other hand, energy and power efficiency ratios were improved in the 60Ah cells.
Objective To assess the feasibility and psychometric properties of 8 scales covering 2 domains of the newly developed Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB): physical function (PF) and behavioral health (BH) function. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Community. Participants Adults (N=973) unable to work because of a physical (n=497) or a mental (n=476) disability. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Each disability group responded to a survey consisting of the relevant WD-FAB scales and existing measures of established validity. The WD-FAB scales were evaluated with regard to data quality (score distribution, percentage of “I don't know” responses), efficiency of administration (number of items required to achieve reliability criterion, time required to complete the scale) by computerized adaptive testing (CAT), and measurement accuracy as tested by person fit. Construct validity was assessed by examining both convergent and discriminant correlations between the WD-FAB scales and scores on same-domain and cross-domain established measures. Results Data quality was good, and CAT efficiency was high across both WD-FAB domains. Measurement accuracy was very good for PF scales; BH scales demonstrated more variability. Construct validity correlations, both convergent and divergent, between all WD-FAB scales and established measures were in the expected direction and range of magnitude. Conclusions The data quality, CAT efficiency, person fit, and construct validity of the WD-FAB scales were well supported and suggest that the WD-FAB could be used to assess PF and BH function related to work disability. Variation in scale performance suggests the need for future work on item replenishment and refinement, particularly with regard to the Self-Efficacy scale.
Errors in medication self-administration (MSA) lead to poor treatment adherence, increased hospitalizations and higher healthcare costs. These errors are particularly common when medication delivery involves devices such as inhalers or insulin pens. We present a contactless and unobtrusive artificial intelligence (AI) framework that can detect and monitor MSA errors by analyzing the wireless signals in the patient’s home, without the need for physical contact. The system was developed by observing self-administration conducted by volunteers and evaluated by comparing its prediction with human annotations. Findings from this study demonstrate that our approach can automatically detect when patients use their inhalers (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.992) or insulin pens (AUC = 0.967), and assess whether patients follow the appropriate steps for using these devices (AUC = 0.952). The work shows the potential of leveraging AI-based solutions to improve medication safety with minimal overhead for patients and health professionals.
The corrosion resistance of several cathode substrates (titanium foam, nickel foam, and silver coated nickel foam) of magnesium–hydrogen peroxide (Mg–H2O2) fuel cells is studied. Titanium foam is found to be the most corrosion-resistant, i.e., the corrosion current density of titanium foam is six orders of magnitude lower than that of nickel or Ag–Ni. Palladium catalyzed titanium foam as a cathode for the Mg–H2O2 fuel cell is prepared by electrodepositing palladium onto the titanium foam substrate. The corrosion resistance of prepared palladium coated titanium is compared with that of titanium foam, nickel foam, and silver coated nickel foam. The structure, morphology and composition of the Pd/Ti are characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD techniques. The influence of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid and operation temperature on the performance of Mg–H2O2 fuel cells with the Pd/Ti cathode is studied systematically. The stability of the Mg–H2O2 fuel cell with the Pd/Ti as the cathode is tested and the result shows that Pd/Ti is a promising cathode material for Mg–H2O2 fuel cells.
The Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, has been applied as an atmospheric biomonitor of Hg contamination, although the mechanism of metal plant accumulation has not been understood until now. In the present work, analytical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to localize Hg in T. usneoides exposed to a Hg–air-contaminated area during 15 days. After this period, Hg was determined by the flow injection mercury system, and plants were prepared for SEM observation and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. A concentration of 2702±318μg Hgg−1 was determined in exposed plants. The presented microanalytical results demonstrated that Hg was partly associated with atmospheric particles deposited upon the plant surface, but it was highly absorbed by the scales, stem and leaves surfaces and less absorbed by epidermal cells of T. usneoides. No Hg was detected in mesophyll parenchyma or in vascular system cells. The great surface adsorption area provided by the scales, in addition to the characteristics of T. usneoides morphology, especially of the node region, are suggested to confer the great capability of T. usneoides in Hg holding.
In patients with functional bowel disorders not responding to maximal medical treatment, bowel lavage or biofeedback therapy, can nowadays be treated by sacral nerve neuromodulation (SNM). SNM therapy has evolved as a treatment for faecal incontinence and constipation. The exact working mechanism remains unknown. It is known that SNM therapy causes direct stimulation of the anal sphincter and causes changes in rectal sensation and several central nervous system areas. The advantage of SNM therapy is the ability to do a minimally invasive temporary screening phase to assess permanent stimulation outcome. Ideal candidates for SNM therapy are not known. Several studies have described positive and negative predictive factors, but the temporary screening remains the instrument of choice. Clinical results are good and as the technique is developing, fewer complications occur. New indications for SNM include constipation and anorectal or pelvic pain.
Experiments using chimeric faces, where the left and the right hand side of the face are different, have shown that observers tend to bias their responses toward the information on the left. Here we investigate the effects of aging as well as exposure duration on this leftward bias. Forty female and male blended as well as chimeric faces were presented to 24 young and 23 elderly adults in either sub-saccadic 100msec, 300msec or free view conditions. We found firstly that an increase in exposure duration resulted in an increase in the degree of leftward perceptual biases, irrespective of age, in line with hypotheses stressing the contribution of scanning to chimeric face processing. Secondly, fundamental differences in the perceptual biases between the groups were found in so far that the younger subjects demonstrated significant perceptual biases to chimeric face stimuli even at sub-saccadic exposure durations, whilst for older adults this was the case for the 300msec and free view conditions only. This differential perceptual activity can be viewed in terms of either reduced right hemispheric function, or increased bilateral function as a possible consequence of elderly adults experiencing the task as more effortful.