batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Classical economic voting theory has received considerable empirical support. Voters reward the incumbent for good times, punish it for bad. But the success of this paradigm, which views the economy as strictly a valence issue, has crowded out testing of other theoretical dimensions. In particular, positional and patrimonial economic voting have hardly been examined. The former concerns the different preferences voters have on economic policy issues, such as progressive taxation. The latter concerns the place of voters in the economic structure itself, not merely as members of a social class but as actual property owners. Through analysis of a special battery of economic items, from a 2008 US presidential election survey, we demonstrate that the economy was important to voters in three ways: valence, position, and patrimony. Taken together, these dimensions go far as an explanation of vote choice, at least with respect to the short-term forces acting on this political behavior.
Adoption of electric vehicles by transport companies remains limited although major European cities should reach CO2-free city logistics by 2030. This paper explores therefore the vehicle choice behaviour of transport companies through a conjoint-based choice analysis. The results showed that the benefits of battery electric vehicles are less valued than their disadvantages. However, a majority of respondents agrees that authorities should encourage the use of battery electric vehicles. Based on the preferences of transporters, we conclude that the most important measures are to develop a larger charging infrastructure and implement financial incentives through subsidies or tax exemption.
Cell monitoring for safe capacity utilization while maximizing pack life and performance is a key requirement for effective battery management and encouraging their adoption for clean-energy technologies. A key cell failure mode is the build-up of residual electrode strain over time, which affects both cell performance and life. Our team has been exploring the use of fiber optic (FO) sensors as a new alternative for cell state monitoring. In this present study, various charge-cycling experiments were performed on Lithium-ion pouch cells with a particular class of FO sensors, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), that were externally attached to the cells. An overshooting of the volume change at high SOC that recovers during rest can be observed. This phenomenon originates from the interplay between a fast and a slow Li ion diffusion process, which leads to non-homogeneous intercalation of Li ions. This paper focuses on the strain relaxation processes that occur after switching from charge to no-load phases. The correlation of the excess volume and subsequent relaxation to SOC as well as temperature is discussed. The implications of being able to monitor this phenomenon to control battery utilization for long life are also discussed.
This paper presents a model for flooded and VRLA batteries that is parameterized by impedance spectroscopy and includes the overcharging effects to allow charge-acceptance simulations (e.g. for regenerative-braking drive-cycle profiles). The full dynamic behavior and the short-term charge/discharge history is taken into account. This is achieved by a detailed modeling of the sulfate crystal growth and modeling of the internal gas recombination cycle. The model is applicable in the full realistic temperature and current range of automotive applications. For model validation, several load profiles (covering the dynamics and the current range appearing in electrically assisted or hybrid cars) are examined and the charge-acceptance limiting effects are elaborately discussed. The validation measurements have been performed for different types of lead–acid batteries (flooded and VRLA). The model is therefore an important tool for the development of automotive power nets, but it also allows to analyze different charging strategies and energy gains which can be achieved during regenerative-braking.
Lithium-impregnated metal foam anodes (LIMFAs) are fabricated and investigated. The LIMFAs are prepared by the impregnation of lithium into molten-salt-coated nickel metal foam. A single cell with the LIMFA exhibits a specific capacity of 3009 As g−1. For comparison, a single cell with a LiSi alloy anode is also discharged, demonstrating a specific capacity of 1050 As g−1. These significant improvements can be attributed to the large amount of lithium impregnated into the metal foam as well as the molten lithium holding capability of the foam. Due to their excellent electrochemical properties, LIMFAs are suitable for use in thermal batteries.
This paper presents an empirical design methodology to optimize a context recognition system with respect to a trade-off between power consumption and recognition performance rather than straightforward maximization of the recognition rate. As illustration, we present a case study in which the interaction with different household appliances is detected by means of a wrist worn microphone and accelerometers. This example, which is embedded in the larger context of an assisted living scenario, demonstrates that the proposed method leads to improvements in battery lifetime by a factor of 2–4 with only little degradation in recognition performance. For a specific sensor node, we show that a recognition rate of 94% can be achieved with a power consumption of just 3.3 mW, resulting in a battery lifetime of 168 h.
Energy deficiency is one of the key enigmas impacting the livelihood of millions of poverty stricken people throughout the world. It is quite evident that electrification of rural areas can improve the standard of education, health conditions, living and empowering the youth of the nearby population. Uttarakhand state of India is mainly encompassing southern periphery of Himalayas. Census of India reveals that about 123 numbers of villages and 1966 numbers of village hamlets are still unelectrified in the state. Electrification of these villages/hamlets of remote hills using renewable energy resources in off-grid mode is a feasible option compared to uneconomical grid extension. State has identified small hydro power potential of 1500MW, mean annual daily solar radiation of 4.5–5.5kWh/m2 with 300 sunny days in a year, enormous forest foliage, crop residue, animal waste and mean annual wind speed of 5–5.5m/s in some places of the state. The present study comprises the utilization of single technology based system such as small hydro, biomass, biogas, solar and small wind turbines etc. and also aggregated technology, depending on the availability of the resources in the present locality. A methodological framework has been established to avail the demand and resources assessment of the area. Various barriers and issues are finally discussed, which leads to a greater obstacle, in the path of system implementation. In order to address these barriers and issues, suitable solutions are recommended in the present context.
Metal hydrides are promising high-capacity anode materials for Li-ion batteries but their conversion reaction with lithium suffers from low reversibility at room temperature (RT). Irreversibility issues in magnesium hydride MgH2 thin films are investigated, as well-defined model system. Films are deposited over Cu current collectors by means of microwave plasma-assisted sputtering and coated with aluminum to minimize formation of passivating MgO native oxide. Structural and chemical properties of the electrodes have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Galvanostatic cycling reversibility at RT and C/50 regime is limited to 25% in the first cycle for 1 μm thick films. The lithiation of the thin film is complete and doubles its thickness. Despite drastic volume changes, neither cracks, voids, nor detachment of the thin film from the substrate are noticed. Moreover, electronic resistivity decreases upon lithiation due to the formation of metallic Mg. The origin of irreversibility phenomena in MgH2 films is attributed to sluggish mass transport of species within the electrode at RT.
Nitromezuril (NZL) is a novel triazine compound that exhibits remarkable anticoccidial activity. However, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of NZL have not been evaluated to date. This study evaluated the potential risks of NZL by testing for bacterial reverse mutation (Ames), mouse sperm abnormality (SA), bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA). Mice were orally administered with NZL at 385, 192 and 96mg/kg, corresponding to 0.5×, 0.25× and 0.125× the LD50 of NZL, respectively. No significant increases in SA and CA were found in mice treated with NZL for 5d and 3d, respectively (P >0.05). NZL at 96–385mg/kg did not have significant influence on micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte counts (P >0.05). These results suggest that NZL is not genotoxic. However, Ames test results were positive both with and without the S9 system for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, suggesting that NZL may be mutagenic. The mutagenic effects of NZL were different in in vitro and in vivo assays. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the safety of using and developing NZL as a novel anticoccidial drug.
Exploitation of hierarchical porous carbons is increasingly attractive for high-capacity lithium (Li)-oxygen (O2) battery cathodes. However, their practical applications in non-aqueous electrolytes are limited by poor rechargeability, primarily due to the decomposition of carbon electrode and electrolyte. In this work, we report a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT)-ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) core-shell (VACNT@RuO2) cathode for non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries. The cathode is fabricated with VACNT as the core material and hydrous RuO2 as the shell material, which eliminates the direct contact between the carbon and nucleophilic reactive intermediate species in the electrolyte. In comparison with the VACNT cathode, the VACNT@RuO2 cathode presents a superior rate capability (3.3-fold less reduction in capacity) and cycling stability (sustainable for 100 cycles), with a maximum capacity as large as 13.2 mAh cm−2 (6600 mAh gelectrode −1) at 1.0 mA cm−2. The proposed cathode exhibiting a binder-free and hierarchical core-shell structure is a promising candidate for rechargeable non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries.
In October 2009, a group of neurologists, neurosurgeons, computational neuroscientists, and engineers congregated to present novel developments transforming human electrocorticography (ECoG) beyond its established relevance in clinical epileptology. The contents of the proceedings advanced the role of ECoG in seizure detection and prediction, neurobehavioral research, functional mapping, and brain–computer interface technology. The meeting established the foundation for future work on the methodology and application of surface brain recordings.
Current lithium-ion battery management systems require a huge amount of connecting units for monitoring and controlling single cells. A sophisticated way of simplifying a complex wiring architecture is the use of a powerline communication system. By this approach the existing powerline is simultaneously used for data transmission. However, a thorough understanding of the channel characteristics in the high frequency range (1–110MHz) is necessary to be able to design and implement such a system. This work deals with the characterization of the powerline channel of <10Ah prismatic hard case Lithium-Ion cells and 10 cell modules with special respect to the interaction between single cells using impedance measurements. Based on the obtained knowledge, a circuit-based model of the transfer channel has been designed, allowing to estimate the behavior of larger battery systems. The model was also used to simulate different coupling methods to transmit and receive signals to the powerline.
Nanostructured Li2FeSiO4/C cathode material is successfully synthesized through a simple co⿿precipitation method by using Fe3+ salt as iron source and polyethylene glycol as surfactant. Thermodynamic calculation is carried out to get phase predominance diagram as functions of oxygen partial pressure and temperature for Fe⿿O⿿C system, which provides effective guidance for synthesis parameter selection of pure phase Li2FeSiO4. The synthesized Li2FeSiO4/C nanoparticles show an average size of 150nm, which are composed of ultra⿿small Li2FeSiO4 nanocrystals in 10⿿25nm dispersing in amorphous carbon matrix. The in situ formed carbon network and the Li2FeSiO4 nanocrystals provide a fast transport of electron and lithium ion and thus ensure a quick electrode reaction, leading to an excellent electrochemical performance. The synthesized Li2FeSiO4/C exhibits a specific capacity of 190mAhg⿿1 at 0.1C, realizing reversible extraction/insertion of 1.37 Li+, taking into account of 16.1wt% carbon content in the composite. This work offers a simple, scalable, and low cost approach for the synthesis of high performance Li2FeSiO4/C cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
A fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is more advantageous compared to a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine based vehicle or a traditional hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) because of using only one electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine or an electric motor in combination with an internal combustion engine. This study proposes a novel fuel cell (FC)/Lithium (Li)-ion battery hybrid power source to be utilized in FCHEVs. The power source includes a 90 kW PEMFC stack used as the main power source, and a 19.2 kWh Li-ion battery used as the auxiliary energy storage device. A prototype of the FC/Li-ion battery hybrid power source has been constructed, and experimental verifications are presented that explicitly substantiate having a power efficiency of 96.1% around the rated power, highly accurate DC-link voltage regulation and producing an appropriate three-phase stator current for the traction motor by using PWM technique are the main contributions of this work. Providing a maximum speed of 155 km/h and a total cruising range of 530 km are the other advantages. The FC/Li-ion battery hybrid power source is also compared to the state of the art of all kinds of power sources used in FCHEVs and reported in the literature that clearly demonstrates its better performance such as higher power efficiency and speed.
An investigation into the suitability of three carbon composites as substrates for the negative electrode in the zinc–cerium redox flow cell has been carried out. The composite electrodes examined comprised the use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as binders for the carbon and the third was a graphite foil electrode of ∼1mm thickness. The zinc deposition process was carried out in a methane sulfonic acid (MSA) electrolyte at 60°C and nucleation studies revealed the growth of the deposits to be instantaneous in this medium. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles were performed in order to test the performance of these composite materials under a variety of operating conditions. For all the materials, the highest charge/discharge coulombic efficiencies (∼95%) were found for the highest discharge current densities (200mAcm−2) employed in the study but this falls as the charge period is increased. The effect of solution flow velocity is however less clear. Prolonged zinc charging–discharging cycling on the composite materials revealed that whereas the PVDF-based electrode exhibited no loss in efficiency with cycling (>250), a drastic reduction was observed for the HDPE-based and graphite foil electrodes beyond 70 cycles and this was accompanied by the physical deterioration in the electrode surface.
ZnO is one of the materials of choice as anode for lithium batteries, due to its high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, low toxicity, and low cost. At present, however, its industrial exploitation is impeded by massive capacity fading, and by cycling instability due to the drastic volume expansions during the electrochemical lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, we present a novel graphite coated-ZnO anode for LiBs based on films of nanosheets, coated with graphite. The electrode is obtained by a simple and inexpensive solution hydrothermal synthesis, whereas the graphite is deposited by thermal evaporation, which is easier to perform than a wet chemistry technique. Our approach leads to a substantial increase of the permanent specific capacity, obtaining values of 600 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at a high specific current of 1 Ag−1. This represents the best performance for long-cycled, ZnO-based anodes obtained so far. Such result derives from the peculiar porous structure of the nanosheets film (pore diameter < 1 nm), as well as by the graphite coating that works as a dimensional buffer and preserves its morphology during cycling. This appears a very promising strategy for designing more stable ZnO-based anodes for Li batteries and microbatteries.
Catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play an important role in fuel cells. Developing the novel catalyst with high activity at low-cost remains a great challenge. We report the novel nanostructure (Co/Co3O4/C–N) of an interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon framework with Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles. Chitosan was used as carbon and nitrogen sources. The product, which has high BET surface area (320.5m2 g−1) shows excellent catalytic ability, stability and tolerance to methanol poisoning effects in the alkaline media for ORR. The product may also have potential applications in the fields of metal-air batteries, supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, sensors, gas uptake, and so on.
Cognitive deficits associated with the chronic abuse of drugs have important theoretical and clinical significance: such deficits reflect changes to the underlying cortical, sub-cortical and neuromodulatory mechanisms that underpin cognition, and also interfere directly with rehabilitative programs. Recent investigations have been made into the neuropsychology of chronic abuse of cannabis, stimulants and opiates. It is suggested that future progress in this area, involving developing advances in brain-imaging and neuropharmacology, will capitalize on experimental demonstrations of specific patterns of impairments in decision-making, attention and memory function.
This paper describes a research on the influence of wind power prediction error autocorrelation on the sizing of storage coupled with a wind farm. The stochastic nature of renewable energies resources such as wind speed or solar radiation represents a challenge for the grid integration of renewable energy plants. The imbalances between renewable power predictions and realised production are generally penalised by system operators since additional reserves are required to maintain the stability of the grid. The coupling of storage devices with renewable energy plants is one of the solutions studied to reduce those imbalances. In this work, a methodology to manage imbalances and to size storage in order to achieve a determined level of controllability is proposed. It is applied to a specific use case: the integration of a combined wind-storage plant in French Guyana. The influence of the autocorrelations of errors on the battery size is investigated in detail and a methodology for producing wind prediction errors time series is presented.
Research into agrammatic comprehension in English has described a pattern of impaired understanding of passives and retained ability on active constructions. Some accounts of this dissociation predict that patients who are unable to comprehend actives will also be impaired in the comprehension of passives. We report the case of a man with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (WR), whose comprehension was at chance on active sentences, but at ceiling on passives. In a series of reversible sentence comprehension tests WR displayed difficulties with active transitives and truncated actives with an auxiliary. In passive sentences, he displayed sensitivity to the agent marker by, as well as the passive morphology of the verb. This pattern of dissociation challenges current theories of agrammatic comprehension. We explore explanations based on the distinction between morphological and configurational cues, as well as on the semantic and discourse related differences between active and passive constructions.
BCR engagement initiates intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) mobilization which is critical for the activation of multiple transcription factors including NF-κB and NFAT. Previously, we showed that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK)-deficient (btk −/−) B cells, which display a modestly reduced calcium response to BCR crosslinking, do not activate NF-κB. Here we show that BTK is also essential for the activation of NFAT following BCR engagement. Pharmacological mobilization of [Ca2+]i in BTK-deficient DT40 B cells (DT40.BTK) does not rescue BCR directed activation of NF-κB and only partially that of NFAT, suggesting existence of additional BTK-signaling pathways in this process. Therefore, we investigated a requirement for BTK in the production of diacylglycerol (DAG). We found that DT40.BTK B cells do not produce DAG in response to BCR engagement. Pharmacological inhibition of PKC isozymes and Ras revealed that the BCR-induced activation of NF-κB requires conventional PKCβ, whereas that of NFAT may involve non-conventional PKCδ and Ras pathways. Consistent with an essential role for BTK in the regulation of NFAT, B cells from btk −/− mice display defective expression of CD5, a gene under the control of NFAT. Together, these results suggest that BCR employs distinct BTK-dependent molecular mechanisms to regulate the activation of NF-κB versus NFAT.
The increment in generation costs is one of the most important factors that characterizes the operation of insular power systems, and is related to the location of these systems and the type of fuel used to provide electricity. This situation motivates the integration of renewable generation at high rates, as well as energy storage systems (ESSs), to improve the utilization of these resources. In this paper, a new control strategy is presented for the day-ahead scheduling of insular power systems with a battery energy storage system. The method presented here incorporates the effects of the most relevant components such as thermal generators, wind power generation, power converter, charge controller and ESS, being integrated into the scheduling process of insular power systems as a new contribution to earlier studies. The results provided show a fuel saving of 2% and an improvement in the wind power use of 20%, which is significant.