batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The pursuit of efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is urgently needed for the development of highly reversible lithium-oxygen batteries. Perovskite oxides are emerging as a novel research frontier to simultaneously catalyze oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, however, their activity and durability are still far from desirable. Herein, we propose a rational design of Ni3S2 decorated double perovskite PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ as an integrated electrocatalyst. A Ni3S2 layer with 10 nm thickness is uniformly anchored on electrospun PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ nanofibers via the atomic layer deposition technology and the following sulfudation process. Notably, the lithium-oxygen batteries employing the as-prepared catalyst shows the excellent performance with a narrow overpotential (0.68 V at 1000 mAh g−1), a high capacity (12874 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) as well as the improved cycle stability (over 120 cycles) and rate capacity. The outstanding performance arises from the synergistic coupling of Ni3S2 and PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ as well as the hierarchical porous structure with sufficient catalytic active sites. This work provides an innovative method to combine the metal chalcogenides and perovskite oxides, and the results suggest that the integrated Ni3S2/PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ has a great potential as bifunctional electrocatalyst for the reversible lithium-oxygen batteries.
Power wheelchair (PWC) users depend on their equipment to reliably transport them throughout daily activities and allow them to participate fully in community life. However, as reported by Worobey and colleagues, PWCs frequently require repairs and cause users a variety of problems, which can range from annoying to catastrophic. These authors suggest that comparing the performance of individual PWC makes and models—a PWC Consumer Reports—might be helpful to inform users and others about the relative quality of different products. Although a comparative report is an appealing idea, we suggest that producing meaningful comparisons of specific PWCs, especially complex rehabilitation PWCs, confronts significant methodologic and practical hurdles. Challenges include dealing with small sample sizes for individual products, risk-adjusting outcomes to account for systematic differences in patterns of use, specifying meaningful outcome metrics, distinguishing the contributions of manufacturers and PWC suppliers to suboptimal performance, and disentangling the myriad components of complex rehabilitation PWCs, which often carry parts from multiple manufacturers. In any case, most users have little control over their PWC selections, with the policies of health insurers and other factors largely dictating equipment choices. Considering these various concerns, we argue that producing a valid and useful Consumer Reports for PWCs will be difficult and, at least for complex rehabilitation chairs, will be of limited value.
Most hospital-based staff can be considered to be mobile but many hospital information systems (HIS) are based on fixed desk top computers. Wireless networks allow HIS to be brought to the point of care using mobile devices such as laptops on trolleys thus providing data which can aid in clinical decision-making. The research objective of this project focusses on the collaborative design of a laptop solution for providing data at the point of care. The research approach was based on a combination of action research and design science. Action research techniques including participant observation and informal one-to-one discussions were used to obtain information that was used to evolve the trolley design as a design artefact while addressing usability limitations. This paper presents three versions of the trolley design and how they evolved based on the feedback provided to the researchers from clinical use. Also these results show that using iterative action research techniques (planning, action, evaluation and reflection) in collaborative research can provide productive outcomes addressing a specific design objective within an acute care setting.
Dithiocarbonic anhydride (CS2) was evaluated as an additive to electrolytes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries. Graphite electrodes, polarized versus Li metal, can undergo reversible intercalation–deintercalation processes in diethyl carbonate (DEC)+1 M LiPF6 electrolytes containing CS2 as an additive. It was found that the use of CS2 as a passive film formation agent on the graphite anode surface is more powerful than the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as an additive in DEC electrolytes. On the other hand, we found that CS2 is less dominant, as a surface film formation agent, than SO2. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometric methods were used in order to understand the reaction mechanism better. A methodology employing DEC is proposed to evaluate new electrolyte formulations for Li and Li-ion batteries quickly and conveniently.
Lead–antimony alloys used for the positive grids in lead–acid batteries for cycling service have generally used antimony contents of 4.5wt.% and above. Tubular batteries for cycling service that impart high compression of the active material to the grid surface via gauntlet use alloys with antimony contents as low as 1.5wt.%. These batteries are generally employed in less-severe cycling service. Value-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries can give good cycling service without lead–antimony in the positive grid, but require a high tin content and high compression. The change in automotive battery positive grid alloys to lead–calcium–tin and the tin contents of VRLA positive grids and straps have dramatically increased the tin content of the recycled grid and strap lead in the USA, Europe, and Australia. The higher tin contents can contaminate the lead used for lead–antimony battery grids and generally must be removed to low levels to meet the specifications. This study describes a low-antimony alloy that contains a substantial amount of tin. The high tin content reduces the rate of corrosion of low-antimony positive grid alloys, improves conductivity, increases the bond between the grid and the active material, and cycles as well as the traditional 5–6wt.% antimony alloys employed in conventional flat-plate batteries. The alloy is also used as a corrosion-resistant cast-on strap alloy for automotive batteries for high temperature service, as well as for posts, bushings, and connectors for all wet batteries.
SciPy is an open-source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. Since its initial release in 2001, SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in Python, with over 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories and millions of downloads per year. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of SciPy 1.0 and highlight some recent technical developments.
Nitrogen-incorporated lithium silicophosphate (LiSiPON) thin-film electrolytes, which contain two glass-forming elements, are fabricated by sputtering from a (1−x)Li3PO4·xLi2SiO3 target in a nitrogen reactive plasma. The results of impedance measurements show that the activation energy for conduction decreases as the Si content increases, which leads to an increase in the ionic conductivity of the films. It is suggested that these improvements in the electrical properties of the films are due to the combined effect of the mixed former and nitrogen incorporation. It appears that the decomposition potential of the electrolyte film in contact with Pt is about 5.5V.
Objective The goals of the work described here were to determine if hippocampal and extrahippocampal atrophy in children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) follows a pattern similar to that in adult patients, and to assess the clinical and neuropsychological relevance of regional brain atrophy in pediatric TLE. Methods Children with symptomatic TLE (n =14: 9 with mesial TLE due to hippocampal atrophy and 5 with TLE due to neocortical lesions), healthy children (n =14), and 9 adults with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The children underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Results Children with MTLE with unilateral hippocampal atrophy (n =9) exhibited a significant reduction in gray matter in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the seizure origin and significant atrophy in the ipsilateral cingulate gyrus and contralateral middle frontal lobe. Children with TLE (n =14) exhibited a significant reduction in the gray matter of the ipsilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. There was a correlation between gray matter volume in children with TLE and scores on several neuropsychological tests. Atrophy in pediatric patients with MTLE was less extensive than that in adults, and involved the hippocampi and the frontal cortex. Conclusions Similar to adult MTLE, pediatric MTLE is associated with hippocampal and extrahippocampal cell loss. However, children display less intense quantifiable gray matter atrophy, which affects predominantly frontal lobe areas. There was a significant association between volume of gray matter in medial temporal and frontal regions and scores on neuropsychological tests. In childhood, TLE and the concomitant cognitive/behavior disturbances are the result of a damaged neural network.
We study the effect of F aliovalent doping into TiO2 nanocrystals to the electrode performance in magnesium ion battery. The shaped/morphological tuning of F-doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed {001} and {101} facets was done to optimize the structural features to improve electrochemical properties in Mg-ion battery. The experiment results show the preferable intercalation of Mg2+ ion into F-doped anatase TiO2 compared to pure TiO2. The Mg-ion storage properties were improved with higher percentage of {001} exposed facets. The best TiO2 material electrodes deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 77.2mAhg−1 at current rate of 20mAg−1 and remains 63.7mAhg−1 after 50cycles. This work highlights the importance of defect engineering and surface control to boost electrochemical performance in Mg-ion batteries.
Behavioral sleep education has shown promise in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but has received much less study in adolescents with ASD. A pilot study of a brief sleep intervention was delivered to 18 adolescents, ages 11–18 years, and their parents. This sleep education, delivered in a two-session format, was associated with improved sleep onset delay, sleep efficiency, and other sleep parameters and sleep hygiene in adolescents with ASD during that time period. In this manuscript, the focus is on the impact this intervention and the sleep outcomes, presented in another manuscript, had on daytime behaviors. Significant improvements were seen following treatment in a direct objective measure of impulsivity and attention. A broadband parent report measure of behavior indicated significant improvements in anxiety, depression, somatization, atypical behaviors, and activities of daily living. A more focused parent report measure also indicated improvements in hyperactivity/noncompliance and lethargy. This brief behavioral sleep education program shows promising results in not only improving sleep hygiene and sleep onset latency for adolescents with ASD, but also having an impact on daytime behaviors.
The need for lighter, thinner, and smaller products makes lithium ion batteries popular power sources for applications such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. For high power applications, the development of high capacity and high voltage electrode materials is in progress. Battery performance and safety issues are also related to the properties of the electrolytes used. To improve the properties of the electrolytes, small amounts of other components, known as electrolyte additives, are incorporated. This paper reviews the recent progress in electrolyte additives used to improve performance and other properties, such as safety. This review classifies the additives based on their functions and their effects on specific electrode materials focusing on electrodes under current development. From anodes: carbonaceous electrodes, silicon, tin and Li4Ti5O12; from layered cathodes: LiCoO2, Li-rich and LiNiyMnyCo1−2yO2 (NMC); from spinel: LiMn2O4, and from olivine: LiFePO4 are selected. We believe that this approach will help readers easily identify and understand the additives suitable for their target materials.
Nb2O5 has attracted increasing attention as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high safety and good structural stability. However, its electrochemical properties are controlled by the poor electronic conductivity and low ion diffusivity. In this work, we report the preparation of Nb2O5/carbon nanocomposites overcomes these issues by a facile solvothermal method with subsequent calcination. The Nb2O5 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed in a carbon matrix derived from carbon quantum dots. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the as-prepared Nb2O5/carbon nanocomposites exhibit high capacity, good rate capability and cyclic stability. The Nb2O5/carbon nanocomposites can deliver a stable capacity of 385 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. A specific capacity of 240 mA h g−1 is maintained even after 600 cycles at 1 A g−1. The composite electrode exhibits improved electrochemical performance than pure Nb2O5 electrode. With the homogeneous distribution of the Nb2O5 in a carbon matrix derived from carbon quantum dots, the aggregation of Nb2O5 during cycles can be prevented and the electronic conductivity of Nb2O5 can be enhanced.
Accurately estimating state of charge (SoC) is very important to enable advanced management of lithium-ion batteries, however technical challenges mainly exist in the lack of a high-fidelity battery model whose parameters are sensitive to changes of the state and load condition. To address the problem, this paper explores and proposes a model switching estimation algorithm that online selects the most suitable model from its model library based on the relationship between load conditions for calibration and in practice. By leveraging a high-pass filter and the Coulomb counting, an event trigger procedure is developed to detect the estimation performance and then determine timely switching actions. This estimation algorithm is realized by adopting a gradient correction method for system identification and the unscented Kalman filter and H ∞ observer for state estimation. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is able to reproduce SoC trajectories under various operating profiles, with the root-mean-square errors bounded by 2.22%. The efficacy of this algorithm is further corroborated by comparing to single model-based estimators and two prevalent adaptive SoC estimators.
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) towards clean fuels and chemicals powered by renewable energy is a promising strategy to realize the closing of the loop of carbon footprint. However, the direct reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon (C2+) products suffers from low activity in non-alkaline electrolyte or electrolyte degradation problem caused by carbonate formation in alkaline electrolyte. The two-step process for CO2 electrocution can circumvent such problems by converting CO2 to CO (the first step) in the non-alkaline electrolyte and promote the rate of carbon–carbon coupling for CO-to-C2+ conversion (the second step) in alkaline electrolytes. We summarize the recent progress of CO-selective catalysts, C2+-selective catalysts, tandem catalysts, and tandem reaction systems, which aim to achieve the efficient production of C2+ products with high selectivity. The two-step route of CO2 reduction pushes the chemical production from environmentally abundant molecules closer to the practical application, offering a promising replacement in the petrochemical industry for chemical production under hydrogen economy in the future.
Silicon (Si) is regarded as the most attractive anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical speciﬁc capacity. Unfortunately, Si experiences signiﬁcant volume changes, leading to severe capacity fading and poor cycling stability. Here, novel hierarchical void structured Si/PANi/C microspheres are designed and synthesized to tackle these problems. In this architecture, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with conductive polymer conformal coating are homogeneously dispersed in a three-dimensional porous polymer framework which is partially carbonized. The void space in highly porous matrix is not only capable of accommodating volume expansion but also favorable for liquid electrolyte penetration, enabling extremely stable cycling performance and superior rate capability, along with high areal mass loading. The outside carbon layer containing nitrogen may help attain a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. The resultant Si/PANi/C anode reaches the reversible charge capacity of 1470 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and the average capacity loss after 200 cycles is only 0.04% per cycle. Moreover, Si/PANi/C anode exhibits excellent rate performance of ∼790 mAh g−1 even at 1 A g−1 and its Coulombic efficiency increases to 99% after only 3 cycles. Remarkably, the reversible areal capacity is high with a value of 2.74 mAh cm−2 at a high mass loading of ∼1.9 mg cm−2.
Wastes with residual heating value, according to the trend of the world legislation, could be thermally reused. The present study is conducted to verify the possibility of thermal valorisation of a waste, denominated fluff, by injection in blast furnace. The fluff, arising from the automobile shredder operations, is a waste characterised by a high organic matrix and is potentially dangerous due to the heavy metals, oils filter and halogenated plastics content. The first step of the work is the chemical, physical and toxicological characterisation of this material. Then the fluff injection in a blast furnace tuyere is theoretically analysed with a mathematical model. Finally, experimental trials are conducted in a pilot plant, simulating the most important part of the blast furnace: the raceway, in order to analyse process and industrial aspects. In view of an industrial application a first economical evaluation is carried out on the basis of model and experimental results.
Genetic factors that modulate the immune response have been implicated as risk factors for schizophrenia and cognitive impairment. We assessed the correlation between cognitive functioning and the LTA Cys13Arg polymorphism in 351 individuals with schizophrenia, 122 with bipolar disorder, and 160 controls. There was a significant association between cognitive functioning and the LTA Cys13Arg polymorphism within the schizophrenia (p <0.008) but not the other diagnostic groups. There was no association between cognitive functioning and the two other polymorphisms in the same gene complex. The LTA Cys13Arg polymorphism may represent a risk factor for cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia.
LiFePO4 particles were coated with TiO2 (molar ratio=3%) via a sol–gel process, and the effects of the coating on cycle performance of LiFePO4 cathode at 55°C against either a Li or a C (mesocarbon microbead) anode were investigated. It was found that, while the coating reduces capacity fading of the LiFePO4/Li cell, it imposes a deteriorating effect on the LiFePO4/C cell. Analyses on cell impedance and electrode surface morphology and composition showed that the oxide coating reduced Fe dissolution from the LiFePO4 cathode and hence alleviated the impedance increase associated with the erosion process. This leads to reduced capacity fading as observed for the LiFePO4/Li cell. However, the oxide coating itself was eroded upon cycling, and the dissolved Ti ions were subsequently reduced at the anode surface. Ti deposit on the C anode was found to be more active than Fe in catalyzing the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, causing accelerated capacity decay for the LiFePO4/C cell. The results point out the importance of evaluating the effect of cathode coating material on the anode side, which has generally been overlooked in the past studies.
The anodic stability of alkyl carbonate solutions that are important for lithium and Li-ion batteries was studied using Au, Pt and Al electrodes. The systems studied included dimethyl carbonate, DMC+EC (ethylene carbonate) and EC+DEC (diethylcarbonate) solutions containing Li salts, such as LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiC(SO2CF3)3 and LiN(SO2CF3)2. In situ Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectroscopy (internal reflectance mode) and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) were used in conjunction with linear sweep voltammetry in order to analyze the onset potentials of the oxidation of the above solutions and their oxidation products. A few selected solutions were electrolyzed and the oxidation products were studied by 1H, 13C, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS) and gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The study found that the onset potential for the electro-oxidation of these solutions on noble metals or aluminum is usually >3.5V (Li∣Li+). Oxidation products containing species with carbonyl groups (e.g. carboxyl and aldehydes), CO2 and CO, were detected by in situ FTIR spectroscopy. The bulk analytical techniques (NMR, MS) also indicate the formation of oligomers of alkyl carbonates. The EQCM studies support the assumption that the oxidation reactions produce bulk products, and there is no film precipitation on the electrodes during the oxidation of these solutions (even at potentials >5V vs. Li∣Li+). The oxidation processes of these solutions mostly involve the solvents and not the salts. Furthermore, it is assumed that in practical Li batteries, where the positive electrodes are composite electrodes containing transition metal oxides, the oxidation processes are inhibited due to passivation phenomena that occur on the cathodes. Possible oxidation routes for the alkyl carbonate solvents are suggested.
Using a comprehensive sample of customer complaints filed with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, we examine the differences in the timing of insiders’ and investors’ use of outside generated public information. We first find that levels of customer complaints predict future auto recalls and their financial consequences, suggesting that these publicly available customer complaints contain value-relevant information. We then find that customer complaints are not contemporaneously associated with stock returns but predict large negative abnormal stock returns during the period following the recall announcement. Thus, we find that the market generally fails to impound the information contained in customer complaints in a timely manner. We then examine whether mutual funds, as sophisticated investors, appear to use the complaint data and find that, consistent with the overall market, in the aggregate they do not appear to use the complaint data to inform their trades until after recall announcements. However, mutual funds that focus more of their trades in the auto industry appear to pay more attention to the complaint data and trade consistent with the data before recall announcements. We then find that the top five executives of the car manufacturers in our sample are significant sellers of personal shares prior to the announcement of auto recalls, particularly when customer complaints are high. Our findings suggest that insiders’ informational advantage is at least in part due to general investor limited attention to publicly available information.