batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A research program is under way in the SONELGAZ R&D Office with the aim of studying the potential of wind energy in Algeria. This paper presents an analysis of recently collected hourly wind data over a period of almost 5 years between 2002 and 2006, from four selected sites as well as preliminary evaluation of the wind energy potential. The results showed that Tindouf and Dély Brahim sites have higher wind energy potential with annual wind speed average of 5.8 and 5.7m/s respectively at height of 17m above ground level (AGL). The two sites are candidates for remote area wind energy applications. The Ouled Fayet and Marsa Ben M’hidi sites wind speed data indicated that the two sites have lower annual wind speed averages between 3.9–4.7m/s at 17m AGL. That makes the two sites candidates for installation of windmills to provide water for drinking and small scale irrigation purposes Brief description of the equipment, is also performed. Finally the aim of this work is only a preliminary study in order to assess wind energy analysis in Algeria and give useful insights to engineers and experts dealing with wind energy.
LiMn2O4 exhibits lower cost, acceptable environmental characteristics, and better safety properties than other positive-electrode (cathode) materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, excess Li doped Li1+x Mn2O4 is synthesized by a well-mixed co-precipitation method with LiOH utilized as both the reactant and co-precipitation agent. The precursor is calcined for various heating times and temperatures to form a fine powder of a single spinel phase with different particle sizes, size distributions, and morphology. The minimum heating temperature is around 400°C. For short heating periods, Mn2O3 impurity is observed, but disappears after longer heating times. The average particle size is in the range 2–8μm for powders calcined between 700 and 870°C. The lattice parameter increases with increase in heating temperature. The electrochemical behavior of LiMn2O4 powder is examined by using test cells which consist of a cathode, a metallic lithium anode, and an electrolyte of 1M LiPF6 in a 1:1 (volume ratio) mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Cells with cathodes of LiMn2O4, Li1.08Mn2O4 and Li1.1Mn2O4 give a capacity of 85, 109 and 126mAhg−1, respectively. The introduction of excess Li in LiMn2O4 apparently increases the capacity, and decreases significantly the rate of capacity degradation on charge–discharge cycling.
An iron-assisted carbon coating strategy is developed to guide the formation of uniform and highly graphitized carbon layers on surfaces of the LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 (LMFP) to yield cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance. A small amount of iron oxalate is added as a catalyst precursor, which decomposes into ferrous oxide (FeO) at high temperature. During the calcination process, FeO is reduced to iron (Fe) that helps to transform amorphous carbon into graphitized carbon which is deposited uniformly and tightly on surfaces of LMFP materials. The impact of Fe atoms on the formation of highly graphitized carbon layers as well as the electrochemical performances of the resulting LMFP/Fe/Carbon (LMFP/Fe/C), is evaluated. Compared to LMFP/C without iron oxalate, LMFP/Fe/C exhibited substantial discharge capacity and better rate and cycling performances. Discharge capacities of 152.3, 141.9, 132.1, 105.6 and 76.0mAhg−1 are recorded at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10C, respectively. The retention capacity remained 78.6% at 10C after 60 cycles. Furthermore, the conductivity and the lithium ion diffusion processes of LMFP/Fe/C are improved.
Industrial lignins are by-products from the pulp and paper industry, as well as from other biomass-based industries. They are non-toxic, potentially of high value, inexpensive and available in large amounts. They possess highly reactive locations that can be enzymatically modified to develop new and environmentally friendly products. The oxidative enzymes produced by ligninolytic fungi are the catalysts that have mostly been used for the up-grading of these new technologies. This paper aims to provide a general picture of the variety of new and eco-friendly products that have recently been produced through enzyme-based technologies and using industrial lignins as raw materials, namely for the production of lignin-based copolymers by grafting, binders for wood composites, chelating agents, compositions for treating porous materials, coatings and paintings. In addition, it introduces fundamental aspects related to the enzymes used to modify the lignin structure to the interested readers that are not familiar with this field of research.
The rate performances of Li batteries are severely influenced by the electrochemical properties of anode material. The graphite foams (GFms) is prepared by simple process from mesophase pitch (MP) precursor. The physical and electrochemical properties are investigated for Li secondary battery anode. The rate performances of GFms anode cell is more than 92% at the 30 C-rate compare to 1 C-rate current, which is very promising to the high power applications such as electric vehicles. For the quantitative analysis of rate capability improvement, the charge transfer resistance and diffusivity are measured by microelectrode system with single particle and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The diffusion coefficient of GFms is in the range of 3.2 × 10−12 - 2.0 × 10−9 cm2/s, which is 2 orders higher than that of commercialized graphite anodes.
Carbon cloth modified by hydrothermal treatment in ammonia water is developed as the positive electrode with high electrochemical performance for vanadium redox flow batteries. The SEM shows that the treatment has no obvious influence on the morphology of carbon cloth. XPS measurements indicate that the nitrogenous functional groups can be introduced on the surface of carbon cloth successfully. The electrochemical performance of V(IV)/V(V) redox couple on the prepared electrode is evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry measurements. The N-doped carbon cloth exhibits outstanding electrochemical activity and reversibility toward V(IV)/V(V) redox couple. The rate constant of V(IV)/V(V) redox reaction on carbon cloth can increase to 2.27×10−4 cm/s from 1.47×10−4 cm/s after nitrogen doping. The cell using N-doped carbon cloth as positive electrode has larger discharge capacity and higher energy efficiency compared with the cell using pristine carbon cloth. The average energy efficiency of the cell using N-doped carbon cloth for 50 cycles at 30mA/cm2 is 87.8%, 4.3% larger than that of the cell using pristine carbon cloth. It indicates that the N-doped carbon cloth has a promise application prospect in vanadium redox flow batteries.
The main aim of designing any energy system is to ensure that maximum energy is generated with minimum capital investment. Also, the cost associated with generating electricity from the system should also be minimum. In order to achieve these aims, integrated energy systems are to be designed and optimized in such a way that the best possible sizing of the components is obtained upon cost and other constraints. This paper gives the details of a solar photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell based integrated energy system (IES) proposed in an Indian village. The estimation of the expected load profile of the village and optimization of the system is done using hybrid optimization model for electrical renewable (HOMER) software. The framework adopted for the optimization, the results obtained after simulation and their analysis have been included in detail.
An organo gel with only 6 wt % tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol), TetraPEG, was prepared and applied as a novel gel electrolyte for Li ion batteries (LIBs). The TetraPEG gel electrolyte containing 1.0 M LiPF6 in binary or ternary mixtures, i.e., EC + DEC and EC + DEC + TFEP (EC: ethylene carbonate, DEC: diethyl carbonate and TFEP: tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate showed high ionic conductivity required for the use in LIB systems. The TetraPEG gel based on ternary EC + DEC + TFEP system acts as a nonflammable gel electrolyte at the TFEP content higher than 20 vol%. In cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge cycling tests, the TetraPEG gel electrolytes showed good reversibility for a graphite negative electrode.
West Nile virus (WNV), a Flavivirus distributed most widely, is presenting lately variable epidemiological and ecological patterns, including an increasing virulence that has already caused over 1000 human deaths in USA. Currently, diagnosis of WNV is achieved mainly by enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) based on the use of inactivated whole WNV (iWNV) as antigen, although results have to be confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). Expression of WNV envelope recombinant E (rE) protein and its usefulness as ELISA antigen are described. Production of rE was achieved upon infection of Trichoplusia ni insect larvae with a recombinant baculovirus. Once optimized, the rE-based ELISA was validated with a battery of mouse and equine sera characterized previously. Concordance with the iWNV-based ELISA used routinely was good (95%), as it was with the reference PRNT (90%), with specificity of 94.4% and sensitivity of 88.1%. Production of rE protein in insect larvae allows for an easy, low cost and quite large-scale yield of partially purified antigen which is suitable for serological diagnosis of WNV, without the need for manipulation of large quantities of infective virus.
Growing evidence suggests that the reliance on cognitive control processes during normal walking increases as the locomotor task gets more complex and challenging. The aims of the present study were to explore the (negative) effects of smartphone gaming on gait performance in healthy young adults, and to identify cognitive resources that might help to maintain high gait performance during dual-task walking. Gait speed and gait variability during walking at a self-selected comfortable speed were assessed in 40 healthy, young adults, and compared between single-task and dual-task walking (i.e., concurrent smartphone gaming) in undisturbed, simple and more challenging walking environments (i.e., stepping over an obstacle while walking). Based on single-task performance, dual-tasking costs were computed and linked to higher-level cognitive control processes, which were assessed for each individual. Cognitive function testing encompassed tests on the mental representation of the gait, working memory capacity, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. Our data revealed that gaming on a smartphone while walking strongly affected participants’ gait performance (i.e., up to 26.8% lower gait speed and 60.2% higher gait variability), and decrements in gait performance were related to higher cognitive control processes. Cognitive resources that were associated with performance decrements in dual-task walking include response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and a well-structured mental representation of the gait. From that, it appears that even in healthy young adults better cognitive resources may help to maintain high gait performance in situations, in which we have to deal with dual- or multi-task demands (e.g., using a smartphone) while walking.
The high-density spherical LiCoO2 is expected as an important direction for LiCoO2 cathode material. Spherical Co(OH)2 powders were prepared via a “controlled crystallization” method using Co(NO3)2, NaOH and NH3. To mix Co(OH)2 and lithium sources in a molar ratio of Li:Co=1.05:1.00, the Li2CO3 was uniformly coated on the surface of the spherical Co(OH)2 precursor using LiOH·H2O and NH4HCO3. The mixed powders were sintered at 700–800°C for 12–16h to obtain spherical LiCoO2 powders. The structures of Co(OH)2, Li2CO3 coated Co(OH)2 and LiCoO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical test of charge–discharge proved the spherical LiCoO2 cathode material had excellent electrochemical performance. At the current of 0.2 and 1.0C, the cathode material showed initial discharge capacity of 148.4 and 141.7mAhg−1, and retention of 97.6 and 91.7% after 40 cycles, respectively. The lax pile-density and tap-density of the powders are as high as 1.9 and 2.8gcm−3, respectively, which are remarkably higher than the non-spherical LiCoO2 powders available as commercial cathode materials. The high-density spherical LiCoO2 cathode material can be used in the lithium ion batteries to greatly increase the batteries’ energy density.
Background: People with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been shown to have a wide range of cognitive deficits, but the longitudinal course of these deficits remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that cognitive function deteriorates over time, whereas others have reported stability or even an improvement in some functions. The objective of the present study was to examine the longitudinal course of cognitive function in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared with a control group. Methods: Forty-three patients with bipolar disorder, 50 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls were assessed twice with a neurocognitive battery (Executive Functions, Working Memory, Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Vigilance and Motor Speed tasks), clinical scales (the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Young Mania Rating Scale) and functional outcome measures (WHO's Disability Assessment Scale and occupational adaptation level, and Quality of Live Scale) over a five-year follow-up period. Results: Repeated measures analysis demonstrated no differences between patients and controls in degree of change in neuropsychological performance over this time period: Executive Functions; F=1.27; p=0.280; Working Memory F=0.68; p=0.511; verbal fluency: F=0.033; p=0.718; Verbal Memory, learning: F=1.30; p=0.278; V Verbal Memory, recall: F=1.30; p=0.278; Visual Memory: F=0.117; p=0.842; Vigilance: F=2.71; p=0.103). Discussion: We conclude that in both group of patients, with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment remains stable. Overall, the findings are more consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia than with a neurodegenerative model.
Total hip replacement provides pain relief and improves physical function and quality of life in patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis. The incidence of hip replacement operations is expected to increase due to the growing elderly population. Overall, the posterior approach and lateral approach are the two most commonly used approaches for hip replacement operations. The posterior approach is associated with an increased risk of revision due to dislocations, and some studies have shown that the lateral approach is associated with reduced patient-reported outcomes, including physical function and pain; however, this has not been investigated in a randomised controlled trial with a twelve-month follow-up. We hypothesized that the lateral approach has an inferior outcome in patient-reported outcome compared with the posterior approach after one year.
The objective of this study is to improve the design of a starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) lead-acid battery with the introduction of gas-separation membrane technology that functions as an electrolyte retainer. Asymmetric polysulfone gas-separation flat-sheet membranes were applied on the battery vent holes that is charged at 15A and the electrolyte loss data were monitored and compared to the conventional battery. Effects of polymer concentration and casting shear rate were investigated in order to produce the most suitable gas-separation membrane, which features minimal electrolyte losses during the charging test. At room temperature, the electrolyte losses of a membrane-assisted lead-acid battery are about 6.67gh−1, while for a conventional battery it is about 26.67gh−1. During the charging process at a temperature of about 80°C, the membrane-assisted lead-acid battery can save up to 40% of electrolyte losses compared to the conventional battery.
Interfacial compatibility of composite polymer electrolyte and electrode is the key factor to affect the performance of polymer Li-ion batteries. In this work, liquid electrolyte, pristine PVDF-HFP (poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and nano-TiO2-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid doped PVDF-HFP composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) are used to investigate the interfacial compatibility between electrolyte and electrode on performance of LiCoO2/Li cells. The electrochemical performances of cells are studied by charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance. The interfacial compatibility coefficient (λ) that related to the interface of electrolyte and electrode is evaluated in terms of the fitting (i = e, sf, b and ct) with equivalent circuit and diffusion resistance (R diff ). The results confirm that the C-rare performance of cells with GPE is more significantly associated with the interfacial compatibility than the ionic conductivity of GPE.
The purpose of this research was to comparing the working memory performance in dyslexic and non-dyslexic students and investigating the effect of rehearsal on working memory performance in dyslexic children. The method of this research was quasi-experimental. Statistical sample of research consisted of fifteen students who were dyslexic and fifteen normal students were considered as a control group. All of them were studying at third grade. Both two group responded to the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C) (Pickering & Gathercole, 2001).Rehearsal performed on dyslexic group. As a result, normal students performed significantly better than dyslexics on working memory test. The effect of rehearsal on working memory performance was not significant.
Here we demonstrate a facile template-free synthesis route to create macroscopically monolithic carbons that are both highly nitrogen rich (4.1–7.6 wt%) and highly microporous (SA up to 1405 m2 g−1, 88 vol% micropores). While such materials, which are derived from common chicken egg whites, are expected to be useful in a variety of applications, they are extremely promising for electrochemical capacitors based on aqueous electrolytes. The Highly Functionalized Activated Carbons (HFACs) demonstrate a specific capacitance of >550 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1 and >350 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 in their optimized state. These are among the highest values reported in the literature for carbon-based electrodes, including for systems such as templated carbons and doped graphene. We show that HFACs serve as ideal negative electrodes in asymmetric supercapacitors, where historically the specific capacitance of the oxide-based positive electrode was mismatched with the much lower specific capacitance of the opposing AC. An asymmetric cell employing HFACs demonstrates a 2× higher specific energy and a 4× higher volumetric energy density as compared to the one employing a high surface area commercial AC. With 3.5 mg cm−2 of HFAC opposing 5.0 mg cm−2 of NiCo2O4/graphene, specific energies (active mass normalized) of 48 W h kg−1 at 230 W kg−1 and 28 W h kg−1 at 1900 W kg−1 are achieved. The asymmetric cell performance is among the best in the literature for hybrid aqueous systems, and actually rivals cells operating with a much wider voltage window in organic electrolytes.
We herein report on a green, facile, and sustainable production of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (S-RGO) and their use in mechanically strong gas barrier polymers. S-RGO was successfully obtained by directly utilizing elemental sulfur in the absence of any organic solvent or catalyst. This method suggests that the sulfur treatment of GO causes the insertion of a variety of sulfur forms such as thiol, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, and sulfonic acid at the platelet edges or surfaces. It also restores graphitic networks on the basal planes, enabling easy exfoliation in liquid phases. The resultant S-RGO is highly dispersible in organic solvents and exhibits a high C/O ratio (13.2), excellent electrical conductivity (179 S cm−1), and a high Hg removal capacity. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation supports the discussion on the interfacial mechanics for the solvent-exfoliation of S-RGO. The S-RGO can significantly improve the tensile strength (255 MPa) and Young's modulus (6.2 GPa) of the host polyimide, (PI) even with a 0.5 wt% filler loading. Furthermore, loading S-RGO as a filler in PI films can lead to an exceptional oxygen gas barrier performance, resulting in an approximately 95% reduction (at 3 wt%) compared with that of a pristine PI film. This strategy provides a new, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective reduction methodology for synthesizing high-quality and multifunctional RGOs and their nanocomposites.
The present work is intended to quantify the locational and operational internal exposures of workers due to the α-rays of long-lived radionuclides associated with the airborne respirable particulate in the underground U mine at Jaduguda. The concentrations of the dust and the α-rays of the long-lived radionuclides in the mine air are log-normally distributed with respective geometric means (χ g) of 0.49mgm−3 and 21.25mBqm−3 and geometric standard deviations (σ g) of 1.7 and 1.88, respectively. There exists a moderately positive linear correlation (correlation coefficient=0.43) between the dust and the activity concentrations. The α-activity of the long-lived radionuclides in respirable dust, measured radiometrically, assumes a χ g of 41.73Bqg−1 with a σ g of 1.98 which is in close correspondence with the analytically evaluated value for the U mill tailings sand of identical particle size range. The internal radiation exposure was estimated to be only about 5% of the annual effective dose limit.
This study investigated the influence of general vocabulary knowledge, science vocabulary knowledge, and text based questioning on the science reading comprehension of three types of students who varied in their English language proficiency. Specifically, grade 5 English-Only speakers, English Language Learners in the United States, and students learning English as a Foreign Language in a Spanish-speaking country were compared across the aforementioned variables to examine their relationship to reading comprehension. Findings indicated that general vocabulary, science vocabulary, and questioning contributed significant variance to the explanation of science reading comprehension. However, no particular variable was found to interact with language proficiency in their contribution to science reading comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms of the roles that each variable could play in content area comprehension. Implications for content-area literacy instruction of second-language students are considered.