batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective To evaluate, before undertaking a larger trial, feasibility of the study processes to determine the effectiveness of occupation-based strategy training for producing changes on trained real-world behaviors, and to determine whether far transfer of training effects to measures of real-world impact, including participation in everyday life, could be achieved. Design Partially randomized controlled trial with pre- and postintervention assessments done by assessors masked to the treatment arm. Setting Testing occurred at a research institute, interventions at participants' homes. Participants People (N=13) with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), 7 in the experimental group (mean age, 42.6y; mean time post-TBI, 9.8y; 4 men) and 6 in the control arm (mean age, 40.5y; mean time post-TBI, 10.8y; 3 men), were assessed immediately before and after the intervention phase. Intervention Occupation-based strategy training, an adapted version of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP), was provided in two 1-hour sessions per week for 10 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Dysexecutive Questionnaire, Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Participation Index, and Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Results The study processes (testing and intervention) were acceptable to all participants. Evidence of far transfer was found as the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group on performance and satisfaction with performance ratings on untrained goals (P<.05), and reported increased levels of participation (P<.01). Conclusions Findings must be interpreted with caution since the sample is small and comparisons are made with a no-treatment control. Nevertheless, they suggest that the training is feasible and a larger trial warranted.
The cyclic stability of traditional poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF-HFP)) and our newly developed poly (butyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-styrene) (P(BMA-AN-St)) copolymer-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) must still be improved to satisfy the increasingly rigid demands of lithium ion batteries that have higher energy densities. Series ratios of P(VdF-HFP) and P(BMA-AN-St) blended membranes were prepared using an electrospinning method to compensate for the disadvantages of a single copolymer-based membrane. The results showed that the compositions of P(VdF-HFP) and P(BMA-AN-St) had sizeable effects on the physical and electrochemical characterization of GPE, in which the P4 membrane and the GPE blending ratio of P(VdF-HFP): P(BMA-AN-St) = 1: 4 had the best properties. Because the P4 membrane showed the best interconnected pore structure and highest porosity, the GPE exhibited the highest ionic conductivity, with a value of 1.4 × 10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. Due to the better compatibility of the P4-based GPE with a lithium anode and its considerably electrochemical stability, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/GPE/Li coin cell had an excellent cyclic performance, in which a 98% capacity retention under a 1C rate was maintained after 150 cycles compared to the coin cell that used a pure P(VdF-HFP)-based GPE that maintained 86% of its discharge capacity under the same test conditions. Furthermore, the acceptable rate characterization of the P4-based GPE was presented with a discharge capacity at a 5C rate that retained 92% of its counterpart at 1C.
Ni-rich layered oxide (Ni-rich NCM) is a promising advanced cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high specific capacity. However, the high Ni content in the layered structures is associated with poor surface stability, which in turn accelerates the capacity fading of the cell. To improve the interfacial stability of Ni-rich NCM cathode material, we propose poly(thiophene)-based artificial cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI)-immobilized Ni-rich NCM cathode material, synthesized using a simple and convenient one-step spin-coating process. At room-temperature cycling, cells with thiophene-modified NCM811 cathodes exhibit improved cycling retention (>91.3%), compared those with bare NCM811 (84.2%). The effectiveness of the artificial CEI layer is evident during high-temperature cycling: cells with 36 kDa-NCM811 exhibit a specific capacity retention of 89.4%, whereas those with bare NCM811 exhibit a drastic decrease in the cycling retention capacity (55.1%) at 55 °C. XPS analyses reveal that the improved electrochemical performance of cells with cycled NCM811 cathodes is due to the surface stability of the cathode; the decomposed adducts in the recovered 36 kDa-NCM811 cathodes are less, whereas they are present in considerable amounts in the cycled NCM811 cathode. In addition, it is confirmed that the molecular weight of the polymer used for the artificial CEI-layer formation significantly affects the electrochemical performance of the cell; polymers with low molecular weights are preferred because P3HTs with low molecular weight have high crystallinity with a hard phase, particularly at high temperature, due to their low T g.
In this article the impact of anion receptor (1,1,3,3,5,5-meso-hexaphenyl-2,2,4,4,6,6-meso-hexamethyl-calix[6]pyrrole) on physicochemical and ion transport properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-salt composites is discussed. Two salts, lithium triflate and lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide, were tested. It is shown that addition of the anion receptor significantly increases glass transition temperature of the composite suggesting changes in the velocity of segmental motions of the polymeric matrix. Also some discrepancies between crystallinity of the electrolyte measured by means of DSC and the one measured by means of XRD for lithium triflate containing electrolytes are discussed. It is proved that the influence of the anion receptor on electrolyte properties depends on the coordinating properties of the anion. In consequence this two structurally similar anions are found to reveal opposite behavior. In systems containing LiTf significant changes in properties are observed upon receptor addition. Contrastively, LiTfSI does not interact with receptor and obtained samples exhibit non-homogenous structure with consequent receptor participation.
Potoos (Nyctibius spp.) are nocturnal Neotropical canopy-dwelling birds, making them one of the most enigmatic and least known avian families. The Common Potoo (Nyctibius griseus) and the Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis) are the most widespread species, but little information on their life histories is available. We evaluated the utility of autonomous recording units, coupled with automated signal recognition software, to monitor the calling behavior of both species for the first time over a complete annual cycle at six different sites in the Brazilian Pantanal. Their diel activity was restricted to the night, with higher calling rates after midnight. The breeding season of the Common Potoo, according to seasonal changes in vocal activity, seems to occur between July and November, while the breeding period of the Great Potoo extended from July to December. The reproduction periods proposed for each potoo in this study correspond mainly with the dry season in the study area and are in agreement with the few historical nest site observations from Brazil. The maximum calling activity of both species occurred between 1 and 5 a.m. September was the month with the maximum vocal activity of the Common Potoo, while the Great Potoo was most vocally during October. The vocal activity of neither potoo was related to night temperature. The Great Potoo was more vocally active during nights with high moon illumination. Our results will be useful in future monitoring programs for these species. Acoustic monitoring has proven to be a helpful tool for monitoring the presence and calling seasonality of the Common Potoo and the Great Potoo, mainly due to their naturally low vocal activity rates. Acoustic monitoring should be evaluated and used to increase our knowledge about the ethology and ecology of this enigmatic avian family.
The excessive depletion of fossil fuels and consequent energy crisis combined with environmental issues call for inexhaustible, clean and renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly energy technologies, such as solar energy and novel electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Developing supporting platforms for energy conversion and storage ameliorating mass transfer and electron transfer has stepped into the center of the energy research arena. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging crystalline porous materials linked via covalent bonding possessing flexible molecular design and synthetic strategies, high conjugated and modifiable structures, large surface area and porosity. Due to these merits, COFs have shown promising perspectives in energy applications including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, supercapacitors, metal-ion/sulfur batteries, etc. This critical review imparts a comprehensive summary of the fast-developing COF field in terms of molecular design and subsequent synthetic strategies to prepare COFs with highly conjugated and modifiable structures and their applications in energy conversion and storage. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives according to previous contributions are also discussed for developing more efficient energy conversion and storage COF materials. It is anticipated that this review could boost further research enthusiasm for COF-based materials in energy applications.
Layered sodium transition metal oxides with the P2 structure, e.g. Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2, are regarded as candidates for Na-ion battery cathodes. On charging, extraction of Na destabilizes the P2 phase (ABBA oxide ion stacking) in which Na+ is in trigonal prismatic coordination, resulting in layer gliding and formation of an O2 phase (ABAC stacking) with octahedral coordination. However, many related compounds do not exhibit such a simple P2 to O2 transition but rather form a so called “Z”-phase. Substituting Ni by Fe in Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is attractive as it reduces cost. The Fe containing compounds, such as Na2/3[Ni1/6Mn1/2Fe1/3]O2, form a “Z”-phase when charged above 4.1 V vs. Na+/Na. By combining ex situ and operando X-ray diffraction with scanning transmission electron microscopy and simulated diffraction patterns, we demonstrate that the “Z”-phase is most accurately described as a continuously changing intergrowth structure which evolves from P2 to O2 through the OP4 structure as an intermediate. On charging, Na+ removal results in O-type stacking faults within the P2 structure which increase in proportion. At 50% O-type stacking faults, the ordered OP4 phase forms and on further charging more O-type stacking faults are formed progressing towards a pure O2 structure. This gives the superficial appearance of a solid solution. Furthermore, in contrast to some previous studies, we did not detect Fe migration at any state-of-charge using 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was, however, found that the Fe-substitution serves to disrupt cation ordering in the material.
A novel high-performance nanocomposite based on ferrocene (Fc) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI) for battery-type supercapacitor applications was successfully synthesized. The GO sheets were functionalized by using 4-ferrocenylbutylamine as a redox compound. Then, the final nanocomposite was obtained by physical treatment of PANI and functionalized GO sheets. The chemical structure, electrochemical behaviors and morphological structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement (GCD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. The charge storage capacity was calculated from GCD curves. Our calculated results exhibit that the GO-Fc/PANI nanocomposite depicted high mass specific charge retention density of 208 mAh g−1 at current density 2.5 A g−1. These results indicate that the presence of Fc and PANI in the final nanocomposite improved charge transfer property of GO after modification. In addition, the GO-Fc/PANI has shown excellent cycling stability up to 3000 cycles with good retention of 85.54% of the initial charge storage capacity.
Gas-phase epoxidation of 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene (TFP) was conducted on a series of Au/CuTiO2 catalysts with different Cu contents with N2O as the oxidant. These catalysts were effective for this reaction. The best catalytic performance was obtained on a catalyst containing 4.6wt.% of Au and 0.9wt.% of Cu (4.6Au/0.9CuTiO2), with a steady-state 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene oxide (TFPO) formation rate of 72.4 g TFPO h - 1 kg cat - 1 , which was much higher than that on a 2.1Au/TiO2 catalyst ( 22.1 g TFPO h - 1 kg cat - 1 ). The enhancement was attributed to the higher Au content in the Cu-promoted catalyst and small Au particle size and more importantly to the complicated synergy between the AuCuTiO2 interaction which might be the active sites for epoxidation. Also, high selectivity to TFPO up to 88% was obtained on the Cu-promoted catalyst, due to the proper electronic structure induced by the interaction between Au and low valent Cu species. Catalyst deactivation was due to the significant growth of Au particles and loss of AuCuTiO2 interface because of the segregation of Cu species during the reaction.
We demonstrate that crystalline macroporous GeO2 inverse opals exhibit state-of-the-art capacity retention, voltage stability and a very long cycle life when tested as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The specific capacities and capacity retention obtained from GeO2 IOs are greater than values reported for other GeO2 nanostructures and comparable to pure Ge nanostructures. Unlike pure Ge nanostructures, GeO2 IOs can be prepared in air without complex processing procedures, potentially making them far more attractive from an industrial point of view, in terms of cost and ease of production. Inverse opals are structurally and electrically interconnected, and remove the need for additives and binders. GeO2 IOs show gradual capacity fading over 250 and 1000 cycles, when cycled at specific currents of 150 and 300mA/g, respectively, while maintaining high capacities and a stable overall cell voltage. The specific capacities after the 500th and 1000th cycles at a specific current of 300mA/g were ~ 632 and 521mAh/g respectively, corresponding to a capacity retention in each case of ~ 76% and 63% from the 2nd cycle. Systematic analysis of differential capacity plots obtained from galvanostatic voltage profiles over 1000 cycles offers a detailed insight into the mechanism of charge storage in GeO2 anodes over their long cycle life. Rate capability testing and asymmetric galvanostatic testing demonstrate the ability of GeO2 IO samples to deliver significantly high capacities even at high specific currents (1A/g).
The graphite as the potassium ion battery anode is studied in KPF6-EC/DMC and KPF6-DME electrolytes. It is found that the graphite demonstrates superior rate performance with a capacity of 87 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 10 C (corresponding to 2.8 A g−1) and excellent capacity retention ability of 84% after 3500 cycles in DME-based electrolyte. Moreover, its initial coulombic efficiency is 87.4%, higher than 69.6% in EC/DMC-based electrolyte. The K+ solvating with DME complexes co-intercalate into graphite leading a high operational voltage at ∼0.7 V vs. ∼0.2 V in carbonate-based electrolyte, a fast apparent K+ diffusion coefficient of 10−8 cm2 s−1, a negligible solid-electrolyte interface film, a small volume expansion (7.7% in (002) plane vs. 63% in EC/DMC electrolyte). This study addresses the importance of electrolyte in altering the potassium storage mechanisms to tune the energy density and power density in potassium ion batteries (KIBs).
A LiMn2O4 thin film and an amorphous Si (a-Si) thin film were prepared by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. Each thin film was electrochemically evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic cycling. The rate of capacity fade on cycling was monitored as a function of the voltage window and current density. This was compared with the cycle performance of cathode and anode using two kinds of electrolyte, 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC and PC, for 100 cycles. It was found that the discharge capacity of optimized LiMn2O4/a-Si full-cell reached 24μAh/(cm2-μm) in the first cycle, and a reversible capacity of about 16μAh/(cm2 μm) was still maintained after 100 cycles. In a voltage window of 3.0–4.2V, LiMn2O4/a-Si full-cell exhibits relatively stable cycle performance compared to a voltage window of 2.75–4.2V.
LiMn2O4 submicro-rods are synthesized via solid-state reaction by using γ-MnOOH submicro-rods as self-template, which is prepared via a solvothermal process in the presence of ethanol/water solvent by using KMnO4 and MnCl2 as raw materials. It is found that the ethanol content in a certain ethanol/water volume ratio range has no obvious influence on the crystal phase and morphology of γ-MnOOH submicro-rods derived from the solvothermal process, and a proper solid-state reaction temperature range for the preparation of spinel LiMn2O4 submicro-rods by using γ-MnOOH submicro-rods as self-template is 500∼700°C. Moreover, the effects of reaction temperature on structure, crystal phase and electrochemical performance of the obtained LiMn2O4 submicro-rods as cathode material of Li-ion battery are studied in detail, and the LiMn2O4 submicro-rods obtained at 600°C exhibit the best electrochemical performance with an initial capacity of 125.6 mAh g−1 and 95.6% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 3C. Importantly, the rod-like nanostructure and crystal phase can be well preserved after prolonged the charge/discharge cycling time at a relatively high current rate, indicating its good structural stability as cathode material. Further development of this γ-MnOOH submicro-rod self-templating method may be interesting for the commercial production of LiMn2O4 for Li-ion batteries with superior high-rate capability and good cycling stability.
To understand maize- and N-induced diel variations in CO2 emission, we examined hourly CO2 emissions during the three typical growth stages of maize in sandy loam soil. There was a distinct diel pattern in soil CO2 emissions, with the peak occurring between 14:00 and 18:00 and the trough occurring between 0:00 and 4:00. Maize presence delayed the time of the peak. The absolute amount and diel fluctuation of CO2 emissions tended to diminish with time in the bare soil fertilized with 150kgNha−1 (BS). In contrast, N-fertilized maize (N150) significantly enhanced the total amount of CO2 emissions and the peak-trough differences in CO2 emissions, which reached a maximum at the pollination stage and then decreased. Control soil (CK) containing maize but no N fertilizer had highest overall CO2 emissions but reduced diel fluctuation because rhizosphere respiration was elevated in the nighttime. Soil temperature accounted for 61–71% of diel variation in the BS treatment but for only 44–59% and 38–58% in the N150 and CK treatments, respectively. Photosynthesis rates affected diel variation at the seedling and pollination stages. Both temperature and photosynthesis rates together explained up to 67–84% of diel variation at the seedling and pollination stages in the N150 treatment, but only 61% at the seedling stage in the CK treatment due to more CO2 released in the nighttime. The increased nighttime CO2 release, in turn, decreased the effect of temperature and even reduced the influence of photosynthesis rate on diel variations in CO2 release. Based on the present results, the best time for obtaining a representative daily CO2 measurement was found to be approximately 8:00 at the seedling stage and 9:00–11:00 at the other growth stages. The current findings indicate that N addition reduces soil CO2 emissions and its diel fluctuation.
A simple theoretical model is presented to simulate the galvanostatic discharge behavior of the Ni-composite graphite electrode. The discharge profiles predicted by using a constant diffusion coefficient (CDC) and by a varied diffusion coefficient (VDC) are compared in this paper. The results show that, the VDC model can be simplified to the CDC for discharge rates less than 2C for a 5μm particle. Also, an approximate analytical solution is presented for VDC model, which is found to be valid for discharge rates up to 6C. Exchange current and diffusion coefficient for the lithium-diffusion are predicted.
The present study explored the pathways whereby cognitive variables (worry, rumination) may explain the relation between neuroticism and emotional symptoms in a community sample of adults (N = 499). All participants completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of neuroticism, worry, rumination, anxiety and depression. Multiple mediation and moderated mediation analyses were used. Worry was a common pathway explaining the effect of neuroticism on both anxiety and depressive symptoms. The brooding subtype of rumination significantly mediated the relation between neuroticism and anxiety symptoms, but the reflection subtype did not have a mediating effect. Although worry by itself mediated the association between neuroticism and anxiety symptoms, it required a certain level of brooding to exert its mediating effect on the relation between neuroticism and depressive symptoms. The results are discussed in light of previous research and recent developments in treatment. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
A female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) has been captured and tagged with a satellite collar of the Argos system on Vaigach Island. The data of the location relative to the coastline in the Kara Gate from April 2016 to September 2017 have been analyzed. An analysis of the polar bear movement pattern has revealed periods of its greater (on the ice) and less (on the land) mobility and a movement direction. The largest area of the polar bear habitat on an average monthly scale was in May 2016, when moving on the finely crushed ice; the smallest area was in January 2017 on the land without ice. We have estimated the distance to the coast to analyze the use of environmental resources (27% of the time on the coast, 33% on the inland, and 40% in the offshore). As follows from the comparison with our previous studies, the bears adhere to the land even during the sea-ice season.
A four-stage systematic tracking survey of 240 households was conducted from the summer of 2011 to the spring of 2012 in a Chinese city of Suzhou to determine the characteristics of household hazardous waste (HHW) generated by the city. Factor analysis and a regression model were used to study the major driving forces of HHW generation. The results indicate that the rate of HHW generation was 6.16 (0.16–31.74, 95% CI) g/person/day, which accounted for 2.23% of the household solid waste stream. The major waste categories contributing to total HHW were home cleaning products (21.33%), medicines (17.67%) and personal care products (15.19%). Packaging and containers (one-way) and products (single-use) accounted for over 80% of total HHW generation, implying a considerable potential to mitigate HHW generation by changing the packaging design and materials used by manufacturing enterprises. Strong correlations were observed between HHW generation (g/person/day) and the driving forces group of “household structure” and “consumer preferences” (among which the educational level of the household financial manager has the greatest impact). Furthermore, the HHW generation stream in Suzhou suggested the influence of another set of variables, such as local customs and culture, consumption patterns, and urban residential life-style. This study emphasizes that HHW should be categorized at its source (residential households) as an important step toward controlling the HHW hazards of Chinese cities.