batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The use of modern quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) on the nanoscale gives better results than complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology such as diminution power consumption, augmentation clock frequency and device density enhancement. Thereupon, it becomes a substantial technology for forming whole varieties of memory. Random access memory (RAM) is an essential element of any computer set where the operating system, application programs and data can be kept to rapidly admonition via the main processor. The RAM is extremely swifter to read from and write into other kinds of the computer storages. There are some QCA cells for memory structures, wherein their specifications are used to design more optimized structures than CMOS. The offered techniques in the previous studies lead to extend in the consumption area, and the circuit complexity. So, in this paper a new single-bit QCA-based RAM is proposed to overcome these weaknesses. Ultimately, 4 × 1 RAM is designed by applying the single-bit memory. The operational authenticity of the offered layouts is demonstrated utilizing QCADesigner. Also, the QCAPro tool is utilized for calculating the dissipated energy of the circuit. The obtained results have indicated that the offered design has a smaller number of cells, low complexity and low wire crossing. Also, the wasted area has optimized based on the one-level loop-based structure. The suggested D-latch has 24 QCA cells, and the wasted area is 0.02 μm2. Each memory structure in RAM layout has the wasted area of 0.06 μm2 and 55 QCA cells. Finally, the obtained results have confirmed that the proposed design improves cell numbers and wasted area.
Mobile phones play a pivotal role in supporting ubiquitous and unobtrusive sensing of human activities. However, maintaining a highly accurate record of a user’s behavior throughout the day imposes significant energy demands on the phone’s battery. In this work, we investigate a new approach that can lead to significant energy savings for mobile applications that require continuous sensing of social activities. This is achieved by opportunistically offloading sensing to sensors embedded in the environment, leveraging sensing that may be available in typical modern buildings (e.g., room occupancy sensors, RFID access control systems). In this article, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of METIS: an adaptive mobile sensing platform that efficiently supports social sensing applications. The platform implements a novel sensor task distribution scheme that dynamically decides whether to perform sensing on the phone or in the infrastructure, considering the energy consumption, accuracy, and mobility patterns of the user. By comparing the sensing distribution scheme with sensing performed solely on the phone or exclusively on the fixed remote sensors, we show, through benchmarks using real traces, that the opportunistic sensing distribution achieves over 60% and 40% energy savings, respectively. This is confirmed through a real world deployment in an office environment for over a month: we developed a social application over our frameworks, that is able to infer the collaborations and meetings of the users. In this setting the system preserves over 35% more battery life over pure phone sensing.
Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to investigate the interfacial electric double layer (EDL) structure and differential capacitance (C d ) of ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMIM+/FSI−) and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIM+/Tf−) on planar graphite electrode. The differential capacitance curve (C d − U) of EMIM+/Tf− is asymmetric camel-shaped. The higher C d of EMIM+/Tf− than the EMIM+/FSI− at 0–0.5 V and 1.1–2.4 V, is attributed to the formation of a thinner EDL of EMIM+/Tf− induced by the smaller size of Tf− compared to FSI−. In addition, because of the fewer interaction sites between cations and Tf− with the more localized negative charge distribution, Tf− anions are expelled away from the charged electrode more easily, which makes more effective screening of EMIM+/Tf− to the charged electrode than that of EMIM+/FSI−. Accordingly, the C d of EMIM+/Tf− within the potential of −1.1 V to 0 V is higher than that of the EMIM+/FSI−. At highly negative potentials of −2.5 V to −1.1 V, FSI− with more interaction sites with cations are gradually squeezed out from the EDL, and more cations of EMIM+/FSI− accumulate to replace FSI−, leading to a higher C d of EMIM+/FSI− than EMIM+/Tf−. Meanwhile, the C d of EMIM+/Tf− decreases sharply due to the thicker EDL resulted from the overcrowded counterions.
The performance of 18650-type high-power lithium-ion cells is being evaluated as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOEs) Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program. In this article, we present accelerated aging data acquired on 18650-cells containing LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2- or LiNi0.8Co0.1Al0.1O2-based positive electrodes, MAG-10 graphite-based negative electrodes, and 1.2-M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (3:7 by wt.) electrolyte. Capacity and impedance data acquired on electrodes harvested from these cells highlight the contributions of the positive and negative electrodes to the degradation of cell performance. We also describe test methodologies used to examine the electrochemical characteristics of the harvested electrodes. Identifying and optimizing cell components responsible for performance degradation should enable the development of new lithium-ion cell chemistries that will meet the 15-year cell calendar life goal established by DOEs FreedomCar initiative.
Fe3O4–SnO2–graphene ternary nanocomposite was firstly synthesized by using a gas–liquid interfacial synthesis approach. The as-prepared nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization results indicate that Fe3O4–SnO2 nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto the surfaces of graphene sheets during the gas–liquid interfacial reaction process. The electrochemical performances were evaluated by using coin-type cells vs. metallic lithium. The Fe3O4–SnO2–graphene nanocomposite exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 1198mAhg−1 in the 115th cycle at a specific current of 100mAg−1 and good rate capability, even at a high specific current of 2000mAg−1, the reversible capacity is still as high as 521mAhg−1. The good electrochemical performance of the Fe3O4–SnO2–graphene nanocomposite can be attributed to the synergistic effect existing not only between the graphene and metal oxides but also between the Fe3O4 and SnO2.
Water current data can be a useful predictor variable to include in acoustic telemetry studies given its link to changes in fish behaviour. While there are a range of sensors which can measure currents, they are often expensive and logistically difficult to deploy and maintain. Contemporary acoustic receivers measure tilt angle which may act as a proxy for water current data if the receiver is moored on a rope and buoy system and allowed to sway in the direction of water flow. We tested the relationship between tilt angle and water current by co-locating two types of commonly deployed receivers with current meters.
Based on individual circadian cycles and associated cognitive rhythms, humans can be classified via standardised self-reports as being early (EC), late (LC) and intermediate (IC) chronotypes. Alterations in neural cortical structure underlying these chronotype differences have rarely been investigated and are the scope of this study. 16 healthy male ECs, 16 ICs and 16 LCs were measured with a 3 T MAGNETOM TIM TRIO (Siemens, Erlangen) scanner using a magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo sequence. Data were analysed by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and vertex-wise cortical thickness (CTh) analysis. VBM analysis revealed that ECs showed significantly lower grey matter volumes bilateral in the lateral occipital cortex and the precuneus as compared to LCs, and in the right lingual gyrus, occipital fusiform gyrus and the occipital pole as compared to ICs. CTh findings showed lower grey matter volumes for ECs in the left anterior insula, precuneus, inferior parietal cortex, and right pars triangularis than for LCs, and in the right superior parietal gyrus than for ICs. These findings reveal that chronotype differences are associated with specific neural substrates of cortical thickness, surface areas, and folding. We conclude that this might be the basis for chronotype differences in behaviour and brain function. Furthermore, our results speak for the necessity of considering “chronotype” as a potentially modulating factor in all kinds of structural brain-imaging experiments.
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the management of patients who refuse blood transfusion usually based on religious beliefs. A minority of patients for example, Jehovah's Witnesses, refuse blood transfusion as they believe that the Bible prohibits the consumption, storage, and transfusion of human blood. While standard transfusions are unacceptable to these patients, there are some related procedures that are not prohibited but not promoted including plasma exchange, dialysis, intraoperative blood salvage, hemodilution and blood donation strictly for the purpose of further fractionation of components. The right of a competent adult to refuse consent for medical treatment is accepted and documentation of refusal for transfusion should be placed in medical record. Some specific circumstances that require additional consideration are mentioned and include, trauma, pregnant women and children and blood management. A table is presented that illustrated the Jehovah's Witness religious position on medical therapy including the acceptable and unacceptable treatments and personal decision.
A simple and low-cost electrochemical codeposition method has been introduced to fabricate polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) nanocomposites and the areal capacitance of conducting polymer/GO composites is reported for the first time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are implemented to determine the PPy/GO nanocomposites are successfully prepared and the interaction between PPy and GO. The as-prepared PPy/GO nanocomposites show the curly sheet-like morphology, superior capacitive behaviors and cyclic stability. Furthermore, the varying deposition time is implemented to investigate the impact of the loading amount on electrochemical behavior of the composites, and a high areal capacitance of 152 mF cm−2 is achieved at 10 mV s−1 CV scan. However, the thicker films caused by the long deposition time would result in larger diffusion resistance of electrolyte ions, consequently exhibit the relatively lower capacitance value at the high current density. The GCD tests indicate moderate deposition time is more suitable for the fast charge/discharge. Considering the very simple and effective synthetic process, the PPy/GO nanocomposites with relatively high areal capacitance are competitive candidate for supercapacitor application, and its capacitive performances can be easily tuned by varying the deposition time.
The application of renewable energy sources in electric power systems is increasing. There is a growing need for economic evaluation to inform photovoltaic (PV) allocation decisions for a range of decision-makers. In this study, power output and temperature data collected from PV modules in Istanbul, Turkey in 2009 have been analyzed to determine solar power generation potential. In addition to the measurements, technical and commercial parameters were also used to perform the evaluation. Different tariffs such as time-of-use and feed-in tariffs were considered in this study.
Solution-processed organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells are hailed as the recent major breakthrough in low-cost photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies approaching those of crystalline Si solar cells (exceeding 15%) have been reported. Remarkably, such phenomenal performances were achieved in a matter of 5 years – up from ∼3.8% back in 2009. Since then, the field has expanded exponentially. In this perspective, we review the basic working mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in relation to their intrinsic properties and fundamental photophysics. The current state-of-the-art and the open questions in this maturing field are also highlighted.
Dendritic growth is relevant to the enrichment of local space charge, which largely resulting from weak connection between the deposited potassium metal and substrate. Here we illustrate the original growth mechanism of K metal by combining the tested over potential, the calculation of Gibbs free energies of K metal nucleate-grow on different substrates and Simulation models of electric field values. This mechanism suggests NiO nanoparticles as induced nuclear sites are implanted in puffed millet (PM) and can form well-knit root structures for large volume potassium metal deposition. Depending on this novel design, the PM/NiO/K electrode exhibits tiny voltage hysteresis in symmetric cells and the full battery (Potassium Prussian blue as cathode) reveals improved electrochemical performance. This work proposes a fabrication to achieve stable high-energy density anodes and suggests that the initial nucleation process is a crucial factor of dendritic growth.
A new inorganic–organic hybrid film, consisting of a sandwich-type [ZnWMn2(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2]12− (ZnWMn) polyanion and a hemicyanine cation of (E)-1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)pyridinium) (H6), (ZnWMn/H6)n, has been deposited on quartz and indium-tin-oxide substrates through electrostatic self-assembly and studied by means of UV–vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and photoelectrochemical techniques. A uniformly deposition of the two film-forming components, evident bathochromic shift of visible absorption band of the films, compacted and ZnWMn-based quasi-reversible redox behaviours, large cathodic photocurrents of (ZnWMn/H6)n films are revealed. The effects of incorporation of ZnWMn as well as the experimental conditions including light intensities, applied bias potentials, electrolyte pH, and the film layer number on photocurrent generation of (ZnWMn/H6)n film are explored.
Li-ion batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical power sources to be widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. Ti-based materials have been intensively investigated as important anodes for Li-ion batteries due to their high safety and excellent cycling stability. The present work reviews the latest advances in the exploration and development of Ti-based compounds, such as Li4Ti5O12, Li2Ti3O7, TiO2-B and H2Ti3O7, as high performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The relationship between the preparation, composition, structure, morphology and electrochemical performance are summarized and analyzed. Further, the related advancements and challenges in practical energy applications are discussed.
The ideal identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a battery of tests and this is costly in resource limited settings. In many developing countries, the tube coagulase test is usually confirmatory for S. aureus and is routinely done using either human or sheep plasma. This study evaluated Mannitol salt agar and the deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test for improving the efficiency of the tube coagulase test in resource limited settings. The efficiency of human and sheep plasma with tube coagulase tests was also evaluated.
Project DATA (Developmentally Appropriate Treatment for Autism) is a school-based comprehensive treatment model for preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study explored 5 years of results from children participating in the model. Data from up to 69 preschool children independently diagnosed with ASD were utilized in determining pre-/post-program performance on a variety of outcome measures representative of functioning across developmental domains, receptive language skills, social skills, problem behaviors, and autism characteristics. Descriptive statistics are utilized to describe the participants at program entry and exit. Results of the paired-samples t tests indicate statistically significant positive program change on 13 of the 16 outcomes measures, especially those that measure core deficits common to ASD. Overall results suggest that Project DATA is a promising practice for providing school-based services to young children with ASD.
A case study is reported of an amnesic patient (KN), who displayed an ability to learn a substantial body of new visual and verbal semantic concepts, despite having a severe deficit in episodic memory. In two experiments, using an errorless learning paradigm, he was able to perform at a level close to that of his wife, who served as a control subject. When recall of material was retested after a delay of several months, during which time there were no further learning sessions, his retention was at least as good as, if not better, than that of his wife. This is taken as further evidence for the dissociation of semantic and episodic processes in amnesia. It also provides further evidence for the role of “errorless learning” in efficient acquisition of new facts in amnesia.
Calcium (Ca) plays a crucial role for plant nutrition, soil aggregation, and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization. Turnover and ecological functions of Ca in soils depend on soil Ca speciation. For the first time, we used synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the Ca K-edge (4038 eV) to investigate Ca speciation in soils. We present Ca K-edge XANES spectra of standard compounds with relevance in soils (e.g. calcite, dolomite, hydroxyapatite, anorthite, clay mineral-adsorbed Ca; Ca oxalate, formate, acetate, citrate, pectate, phytate). Calcium XANES spectra with good signal-to-noise ratios were acquired in fluorescence mode for Ca concentrations between 1 and 10 mg g−1. Most standard spectra differed markedly among each other, allowing the identification of different Ca species in soils and other environmental samples as well as Ca speciation by linear combination fitting. Calcium XANES spectra obtained for samples from different horizons of twelve temperate forest soils revealed a change from dominating lithogenic Ca to clay mineral-bound and/or organically bound Ca with advancing pedogenesis. O layer Ca was almost exclusively organically bound. With increasing SOM decomposition, shares of oxalate-bound Ca decreased. Oxalate-bound Ca was absent in calcareous, but not in silicate subsoil horizons, which can be explained by microbial decomposition in the former vs. stabilization by association to pedogenic minerals in the latter soils. Synchrotron-based Ca XANES spectroscopy is a promising novel tool to investigate the fate of Ca during pedogenesis and—when performed with high spatial resolution (µ-XANES), to study aggregation and SOM stabilization mechanisms produced by Ca.
During the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid proliferation of "health examination center (HEC)" across China. The effects of their services on public's health have not been systemically investigated. This study aimed to assess the impact of periodic health examination (PHE) at HEC on surgical treatment for uterine fibroids in Beijing residents.
Aluminum-doped α-Ni(OH)2 microspheres with flowerlike hierarchical structure (H-Al-α-Ni(OH)2) were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with the assistance of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM]BF4). The XRD pattern and elemental analysis confirm that aluminum species incorporates into the lattice of α-Ni(OH)2; SEM and TEM images reveal that the as-prepared microspheres are composed of numerous frizzy nanoflakes shell attaching vertically to the core. The resulting H-Al-α-Ni(OH)2 sample exhibits a specific surface area of 91.2m2/g and a mesopore distribution (2–20nm) based on the BET measurements. Furthermore, the hierarchical H-Al-α-Ni(OH)2 modified electrode displays a couple of well-defined reversible redox peaks (ΔE p =67mV and I a/I c =0.91) and a fast direct electron transfer rate constant (k s =3.32s−1), owing to the high dispersion of active species as well as abundant mass transfer channels which facilitate the mass/electron transfer. In addition, the modified electrode presents a significant electrocatalytic performance towards the oxidation of hydrazine with a linear response range (5.0×10−6–1.0×10−4 M), high sensitivity (144μA/μM cm2), low detection limit (0.8μM) as well as good stability. The hierarchical α-Ni(OH)2 with largely enhanced electrochemical behavior demonstrated in this work can be used in electrochemical sensor and electroanalysis.
Variation of electronic structure for chemically delithiated LiCoO2 was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at Co L-edge, K-edge and O K-edge. The commercial LiCoO2 powders were de-intercalated by an oxidizing agent, Na2S2O8, in an aqueous solution. The soft XAS was performed at total electron yield as well as fluorescence modes. It was found that the changes in the spectral feature obtained from total electron yield mode are different from that obtained from fluorescence mode at the oxygen K-edge. The electronic transition from oxygen ls state to 2p hole state (threshold energy) decreases at the surface region but not in the bulk. The shoulder absorption peak at the energy higher than the threshold energy contributed to the higher oxidation state of the oxygen site appears at total electron yield mode but does not appear at fluorescence mode, indicating the oxidation state of oxygen and the electronic transitions on the surface and in the bulk of the delithiated compounds are different. It implies that the chemically delithiated process takes place inhomogeneously and starts from the surface of the Li x CoO2 compounds.
The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network Trials Unit (DIAN-TU) was formed to direct the design and management of interventional therapeutic trials of international DIAN and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) participants. The goal of the DIAN-TU is to implement safe trials that have the highest likelihood of success while advancing scientific understanding of these diseases and clinical effects of proposed therapies. The DIAN-TU has launched a trial design that leverages the existing infrastructure of the ongoing DIAN observational study, takes advantage of a variety of drug targets, incorporates the latest results of biomarker and cognitive data collected during the observational study, and implements biomarkers measuring Alzheimer's disease (AD) biological processes to improve the efficiency of trial design. The DIAN-TU trial design is unique due to the sophisticated design of multiple drugs, multiple pharmaceutical partners, academics servings as sponsor, geographic distribution of a rare population and intensive safety and biomarker assessments. The implementation of the operational aspects such as home health research delivery, safety magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) at remote locations, monitoring clinical and cognitive measures, and regulatory management involving multiple pharmaceutical sponsors of the complex DIAN-TU trial are described.