batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Whereas the representations of skilled movements in most right handers are stored in the left hemisphere, the right hemisphere's contribution to action planning remains unclear. We investigated error patterns in left (LHD) and right hemisphere damaged (RHD) subjects as well as normal control subjects (C) to determine if specific components of action programs may be processed by the right hemisphere or bilaterally represented. We had these subjects perform gestures to verbal command with the ipsilesional limb. Although the LHD group made significantly more qualitative errors than the C and RHD groups, the RHD subjects produced a number of apraxic errors. Specifically, the LHD group produced a wide range of spatiotemporal and conceptual errors for both transitive and intransitive gestures, while the RHD group made specific spatial and temporal errors primarily when performing transitive gestures. These findings support the postulate that the left hemisphere stores the spatiotemporal and conceptual representations of learned skilled movements, while several specific components of action programs, such as external configuration (limb orientation) and timing, may have bihemispheric representations.
A new method for measuring self-discharge of lithium-ion graphite anodes is reported. First, the anode lithium content is calculated from the open-circuit potential as a function of open-circuit time (OCP versus OCT) using equilibrium potential–composition isotherms. Then, the self-discharge rate is obtained from the differential of lithium content with respect to time on open circuit. The self-discharge rate measured by this means after the first charge–discharge cycle to 0.0V versus Li/Li+ is largely controlled by the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, with some influence from stage transformation.
As link failure in a centralized network results into unstable behavior, the distributed control mechanism is often employed since the reliability and stability is enhanced by communicating with the neighbors thereby reducing the infrastructural cost required for communication. However, such compromised spanning loosely connected networks may sometimes lead to slow convergence or may even go unstable. Under such circumstances, it is essential to incorporate fast convergence speed using limited information for each controller to enhance operational reliability. Hence, this paper proposes a distributed secondary controller for each unit comprising of PV & batteries to achieve average regulation within predefined bounds and proportionate current sharing between units in finite time for DC microgrids for uniform energy management in each unit. To conform to the containment control philosophy, the followers converge to the leaders’ command in finite-time. To alleviate the dynamic performance in a significantly resistive network, a reverse droop methodology is adopted concurrently to the proposed distributed secondary controller thereby eliminating the issue of cascaded control loops. A Lyapunov based analysis is carried out to analyze its stability for varying control parameters alongwith a bode plot analysis to determine its stability margins. In addition to this, a time-delay analysis is carried out to calculate the maximum transmission delay that the controllers can withstand to maintain stability. To test the robustness of the designed controller, it is simulated for disturbances such as load change, communication delay, converter failure, link failure between leader-follower & two followers. Moreover, the real-time simulation using software-in-loop of the modeled system is also done to test the efficacy of the proposed strategy.
Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, is a critical regulator of oxidative stress and immune function. While oral GSH has been shown to be bioavailable in laboratory animal models, its efficacy in humans has not been established. Our objective was to determine the long-term effectiveness of oral GSH supplementation on body stores of GSH in healthy adults.
Pasquina PF, Bryant PR, Huang ME, Roberts TL, Nelson VS, Flood KM. Advances in amputee care. This self-directed learning module highlights the recent innovations in amputee care. It is part of the study guide on limb deficiency in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This focused review article describes the key elements of a successful comprehensive amputee program, the basic surgical considerations for upper- and lower-extremity amputation, and some of the more recent advances in prosthetic components. Further, an update is given on issues such as hand transplantation and the integration of robotics and artificial muscles for people with limb loss. Overall Article Objective (a) To discuss current issues and advances in the care of patients with amputation, (b) to describe the key elements in designing a comprehensive amputee care program, and (c) to discuss surgical considerations of limb preservation and amputation levels.
Solution casting method was adopted using Nafion and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solution to prepare Nafion/PTFE blend membranes for vanadium redox flow battery application. The physicochemical properties of the membranes were characterized by using water uptake, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TA). The electrochemical properties of the membranes were examined by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and single cell test. Despite the high miscibility of PTFE with Nafion, the addition of hydrophobic PTFE reduces the water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and conductivity of blend membranes. But PTFE can increase the crystallinity, thermal stability of Nafion/PTFE membranes and reduce the vanadium permeability. The blend membrane with PTFE (30wt%, N0.7P0.3) was chosen and investigated for VRB single cell test. The energy efficiency of this VRB with N0.7P0.3 membrane was 85.1% at current density of 50mAcm−2, which was superior to that of recast Nafion (r-Nafion) membrane (80.5%). Self-discharge test shows that the decay of open circuit potential of N0.7P0.3 membrane is much lower than that of r-Nafion membrane. More than 50 cycles charge–discharge test proved that the N0.7P0.3 membrane possesses high stability in long time running. Chemical stabilities of the chosen N0.7P0.3 membrane are further proved by soaking the membrane for 3 weeks in highly oxidative V(V) solution. All results suggest that the addition of PTFE is a simple and effective way to improve the performance of Nafion for VRB application.
The rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated sites is an activity generally regarded with suspicion by the community. This is certainly the case for Australian Aboriginal traditional landowners. This paper describes the historical background to, and the successful development and implementation of, a consultation and planning process to rehabilitate former uranium mining and milling facilities on Aboriginal lands of the World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park in northern Australia. The process of developing an appropriate community communication and consultation process to allay concerns about radioactivity is a cornerstone of the rehabilitation program. The initial stages of the program’s implementation are also described. This program is also the first example of a radiological intervention under modern environmental and radiation protection legislation in the region. It was necessary to develop radiological standards for use in the program as none had been promulgated under existing relevant legislation.
Developmental patterning events involve cell fate specification and maintenance processes in diverse, multicellular organisms. The simple arrangement of tissue layers in the Arabidopsis thaliana root provides a highly tractable system for the study of these processes. This review highlights recent work addressing the patterning of root tissues focusing on the factors involved and their complex regulation. In the past two years studies of root patterning have indicated that chromatin remodeling, protein movement, transcriptional networks, and an auxin gradient, all contribute to the complexity inherent in developmental patterning events within the root. As a result, future research advances in this field will require tissue-specific information at both the single gene and global level.
Given the robust influence of diet and exercise on brain plasticity and disease, we conducted studies to determine their effects on molecular systems important for control of brain homeostasis. Studies were centered on a battery of proteins implicated in metabolic homeostasis that have the potential to modulate brain plasticity and cognitive function, in rat hypothalamus and hippocampus. Adult male rats were exposed to a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched diet (1.25% DHA) with or without voluntary exercise for 14 days. Here we report that the DHA diet and exercise influence protein levels of molecular systems important for the control of energy metabolism (primarily phospho-AMPK, silent information regulator type 1), food intake (primarily leptin and ghrelin receptors), stress (primarily glucocorticoid receptors), and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11βHSD1). Exercise or DHA dietary supplementation had differential effects on several of these class proteins, and the concurrent application of both altered the pattern of response elicited by the single applications of diet or exercise. For example, exercise elevated levels of glucocorticoids receptors in the hypothalamus and the DHA diet had opposite effects, while the concurrent application of diet and exercise suppressed the single effects of diet or exercise. In most of the cases, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus had a distinctive pattern of response to the diet or exercise. The results harmonize with the concept that exercise and dietary DHA exert specific actions on the hypothalamus and hippocampus, with implications for the regulations of brain plasticity and cognitive function.
A new organic radical–inorganic hybrid cathode comprised of poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA)/LiFePO4 composite system was developed and reported for the first time. The hybrid electrodes' voltammetry contains three pairs of reversible redox peaks indicating the combination of electrochemical characteristics between LiFePO4 and PTMA electrodes and shows a decrease in voltage gap between oxidation and reduction that corresponds to an improvement in the rate and reversibility of the redox couples. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show lower charge-transfer resistance of cycled hybrid cathodes suggesting an enhanced electrode/electrolyte interface formed in hybrid systems which leads to faster migration of Li ions through the interface and longer cycle life capability when compared with pure LiFePO4 or PTMA cathode system. Optimizing the hybrid cathode's ratio of PTMA/LiFePO4 yields a significant improvement in high pulse power performance (30 mAh cm−3) over the pure PTMA (16 mAh cm−3) or LiFePO4 (3.0 mAh cm−3) cathode. Further characterization of the hybrid electrodes using SEM showed a more compact surface morphology after high rate pulse experiments. The demonstrated properties of hybrid cathodes are promising for transportation and other high pulse power applications that require long cycle life and low cost.
Peri-implant tissues appear to exhibit a more vigorous inflammatory response during post-operative healing than periodontal tissues. There is evidence that a single dose of amoxicillin (AMX) prior to implant surgery reduces the risk of early peri-implant healing complications. This study compared the effects of AZM and AMX on neutrophil expression of mRNA for mediators involved in peri-implant healing.
Lithium carbide has been found as possible contamination in high purity lithium metal. Raman spectroscopy clearly shows its presence on the surface as well as in the bulk. Mass spectrometry revealed the formation of acetylene during hydrolization of lithium metal also for the bulk material. The total lithium content of the lithium sample is determined with ICP-OES and the ratio of oxygen to carbon is investigated with EDX for the surface and the bulk. Possible sources of the lithium carbide contamination in battery grade lithium are discussed.
The simulation results of a one-dimensional (1D) direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) model are compared with the current density and methanol-crossover data that are experimentally measured under several different cell designs and operating conditions. No fitting parameters are employed for the comparison and model input parameters obtained from the literature are consistently used for all the cases of comparison. The numerical predictions agree well with the experimental data and the 1D DMFC model successfully captures key experimental trends that are observed in the cell current density and methanol-crossover data. This clearly illustrates that the present DMFC model can be applicable for optimizing DMFC component designs and operating conditions. In addition, the model simulations further indicate that the reduction of the methanol concentration in the anode catalyst layer is critical to simultaneously suppress both the electro-osmotic drag (EOD) and the diffusion aspects of methanol crossover.
The economic viability of electricity storage using batteries, under different tariff structures and system configurations, is investigated. The economic outcomes of the different combinations of tariff design and system configuration are evaluated. Based on a discussion of the relevant literature, the following tariff designs are used in the study: (i) fixed energy prices, (ii) real-time energy pricing, (iii) fixed rate capacity tariffs, and (iv) capacity dependent capacity tariffs. Next, the different simulated system configurations are outlined: (i) no battery storage, (ii) battery storage only, and (iii) battery storage and decentralized renewable energy production with PV. Our study provides insights for policy makers, showing that capacity block pricing only incentivises storage as part of an (existing) PV installation, while the combination of real time energy pricing and capacity block pricing promotes a wider adoption of battery storage.
Surface Al-doped LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (523) single crystals with a diameter of 2–4μm were synthesized by using Ni-Co-Mn hydroxide precursor and combined with further Al3+ coating/annealing operations. Al contents in the surface and the bulk structures of product particles were about 1.05% and 0.02%, respectively. XPS, XRD, and HRTEM results confirm that the Al element exist as a dopant within the layered structures of 523 surface. Coin cell testing of the as-prepared 523 cathode were taken under different voltage ranges of 3.0–4.3V, 3.0–4.4V, and 3.0–4.5V, with corresponding 100cycles capacity retentions of 91.2%, 74.0%, and 67.8% at 25°C, and 43.1%, 40.1%, and 31.6% at 55°C. The capacity degradation rate was mainly associated with the interfacial structure instabilities of 523 materials under different voltage ranges, which have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and XPS.
The electrochemical capacitance behavior of a packed bed electrochemical reactor (PBER) toward phenol electro-oxidation in aqueous solution was studied. In the absence of phenol, a decrease in the response current (i) coupled with an increase of the specific capacitance (Cs) was obtained for PBER compared with a flat-bed electrochemical reactor. However, following intercalation of phenol, simultaneous improvement of i, and reduction of Cs were observed. The reasons for the former were ascribed to an increased resistance, an abundant pore structure for charge, and electrolyte transportation owing to the packing of the fixed granular active carbon (GAC) filler, whereas anode extension and formation of the polyoxyphenylene film on the anode and the GAC surface were responsible for the latter. Although significant attenuation (42.06 % after 300 cycles at current density 1.90 mA cm−2) of Cs was observed for PBER in the long cycle test, the non-negligible Cs value (30.86 mF cm−2) holds great promise for pulsating power supplies. An equivalent circuit associated with electrochemical capacitance and resistance distribution was proposed, which gives an exhaustive explanation of the electrical characteristics during the phenol electro-oxidation process.
Telemetry applied to aquatic organisms has recently developed greatly. Physiological sensors have been increasingly used as tools for fish welfare monitoring. However, for the technology to be used as a reliable welfare indicator, it is important that the tagging procedure does not disrupt fish physiology, behaviour and performance. In this communication, we share our medium-term data on stress physiological profile and growth performance after surgical tag implantation in two important marine fish species for European aquaculture, the sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax).
Coating actives with carbon is an effective way to improve the performance of NiFe battery, and relevant study has focused on the nanoFe/FeOx, while the micron particles used in the industry have been usually ignored. Herein, we achieve the uniform and thickness-controllable carbon coating for the micron-sized dodecahedral Fe3O4, and study the influence of the carbon thickness on the performance of the Fe anode in details. As a result, capacity, rate performance and stability are improved with the increase of carbon coating because of lower charge-transfer resistance and more complete structure. However, for the first plateau (Fe0→Fe2+) which is typically applied in the industry, the improvement of the carbon coating is limited with the thickness of the carbon, owing to insufficient impact of mitigating passivation. For the second and third plateaus (Fe2+→Fe3+), with the increase of the carbon coating, the capacity and rate performance are both markedly improved because a more completed structure can better promise the conductivity. As the thickness of the carbon coating is 20 nm, the electrode exhibits 141 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 36 A g−1. These results are of great significance to the development of industrial Ni-Fe battery.
Reduction of the charging time for batteries is a crucial factor in the promotion of consumer interest in the commercialization of electric vehicles (EVs). Fast charging methods for EVs are therefore important to create and understand; however, fast charging is not tolerated by all lithium-ion chemistries because it typically affects the battery functionality and accelerates its aging mechanisms. A fast charging technique is proposed in this paper, and the results of extensive testing on a high power lithium iron phosphate cell subjected to the method are reported. The evaluation characterized the cell's capacity fade, cycle life, and energy efficiency with respect to the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) goals. The proposed charging algorithm permits a full recharging of the cell (0–100% SOC) in approximately 20 min, even after 4500 cycles are reached. The cycling scheme is characterized by high current discharges that reach specific powers of 400 W kg−1. The results show that the proposed fast charging technique does not introduce any significant degradation effects on the cell and is energy efficient; they also show that performance is lost due to capacity fade rather than an increase in internal resistance.
Manganese oxides represent a class of promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their high energy density, safety, low cost, eco-friendliness and non-toxicity. However, manganese monooxide (MnO) is considered to be inactive for Zn2+ energy storage. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the possible application of commercial MnO microsized particles as cathodes for high performance ZIBs. It is interesting to note that electrochemical activation (or oxidation) is observed during the initial charging process, which leads to the formation of porous layered-type MnO2 nanosheets surrounding the MnO surface. As a result, the activated cathode could deliver a maximum specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1 in ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. In addition, the underlying energy storage mechanism is systematically investigated. The present work provides a new insight into the electrochemical activation strategy for developing advanced cathodes for high-performance zinc-ion batteries.
Sub-fluorinated graphite fluorides (CF x ) n compounds, 0.33< x <0.63 were prepared from natural graphite and characterized by TGA, SEM-EDX and XRD. Their cathode behavior in lithium batteries was investigated under different discharge rates and compared to commercial petroleum coke based (CF) n . At low discharge rate, the energy density increases with the fluorine content x. However, at higher rates, sub-fluorinated compounds performed better than commercial (CF) n . The result is discussed with relation to higher electrical conductivity of sub-fluorinated compounds.
The aim of this research was to assess interactions between metals at low exposure concentrations (Maximum-Permissible-Concentrations accepted for the inland waters in EU) and to assess possible influence of background exposure (10-times reduced concentration of a single metal) on toxicological significance of selected biomarkers in Salmo salar after treatment with metal mixture (Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L). The tissue-specific bioaccumulation, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity responses (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities assay) in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of fish to metal mixtures were assessed after 14 days treatment. Treatment with primary mixture (MIX) or two variants of this mixture (Cr↓ (10 times reduced Cr6+ concentration) and Cu↓ (10 times reduced Cu2+ concentration)) induced the strongest responses in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity endpoints. Exposure to these mixtures highly affected Zn, Cu and Cd bioaccumulation in liver tissue. The highest amount of Ni accumulated was measured after Cd↓ treatment in all tissues. Treatments with reduced concentration of non-essential metal resulted in an increased accumulation of Pb, Ni, or Cd; treatments with reduced concentration of essential metal resulted in a reduced accumulation of certain metals (especially Cd and Pb) in tissues compared between treatments. Glucose content in blood and behavioural endpoints were evaluated after short-term exposure to metal mixtures (MIX, Cr↓, Cu↓). Significant increase in blood glucose concentration was measured after all treatments. These metal mixtures elicit significant behavioural alterations in fish. Consequently, this research revealed a significant influence of background exposure considering mixture toxicity.
We have synthesized LiMn1.5Ni0.4Cr0.1O4 cathode material for high energy density Li ion rechargeable batteries using sol–gel method. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge characteristics. It was found that phase pure materials were obtained an annealing temperature of 875°C for 15h. The maximum discharge capacity at a constant charge–discharge current rate 1C, 0.5C, and 0.2C were found to be about 99mAhg−1, 110mAhg−1, and 131mAhg−1, respectively. The capacity retentions after 50 charge–discharge cycles were found to be about 99%, 97%, and 97.3% at discharge current rates of 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C. The stable electrochemical behavior of the above cathode material even at high C rate, showed that it could be used for high energy density and high rate capability Li ion rechargeable batteries.