batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) encapsulated sulfur spheres for the Li-S batteries were prepared via the redox reaction between sodium polysulfide. XRD spectra showed that the diffraction peak of graphite oxide (GO) at 10° disappeared, while the relatively weak diffraction peak at 27° belongs to graphene emerged. FT-IR spectra showed that the vibrations of the functional groups of GO, such as 3603cm−1, 1723cm−1and 1619cm−1 which contributed from OH, COC and CO respectively, disappeared when compared to the spectra of GSC. SEM observations indicated that the optimum experimental condition followed as: mass ratio of GO and S was 1:1, 10% NaOH was used to adjust the pH. EDX analysis showed that the sulfur content reached at 68.8% of the composite material. The resultant electric resistance was nearly less than GO’s resistance in three orders of magnitude under same condition. Further electrochemical performance tests showed a coulombic efficiency was 96% from the first cycle capacity was 827mAhg−1, to 388mAhg−1 in the 100 cycles. This study carries substantial significance to the development of Li-S battery cathode materials.
Effective management and development of new treatment strategies of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) largely depend on clinical rating instruments like the Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) and the modified abnormal involuntary movement scale (mAIMS). Regarding inter-rater variability and continuous monitoring, clinical rating scales have various limitations. Patient-administered questionnaires such as the PD home diary to assess motor stages and fluctuations in late-stage PD are frequently used in clinical routine and as clinical trial endpoints, but diary/questionnaire are tiring, and recall bias impacts on data quality, particularly in patients with cognitive dysfunction or depression. Consequently, there is a strong need for continuous and objective monitoring of motor symptoms in PD for improving therapeutic regimen and for usage in clinical trials. Recent advances in battery technology, movement sensors such as gyroscopes, accelerometers and information technology boosted the field of objective measurement of movement in everyday life and medicine using wearable sensors allowing continuous (long-term) monitoring. This systematic review summarizes the current wearable sensor-based devices to objectively assess the various motor symptoms of PD.
In this work, we conceived and fabricated a three-electrode electrochemical cell and transparent vanadium redox flow battery to in-situ investigate the hydrogen evolution reaction during battery operation. Experimental results show that operating temperature has a strong influence on the HER rate. In particular, compared with V3+ reduction reaction, HER is more sensitive to temperature variation. It is also found that, contrary to the conventional wisdom that side reactions occur at the late stage of the charge process, H2 evolves at a relatively low SOC. About 0.26 and 1.94mL H2 were collected at an early (SOC lower than 20%) and end of the charge process, respectively, suggesting that attention to the hydrogen formation at the negative electrode in the early charge process should also be paid to during long-term battery operations. Moreover, the produced hydrogen gas at the negative side prefers to form macroscopically observable bubbles onto the electrode surface, covering the active sites for vanadium redox reactions, while oxygen evolution (including CO2 production) at the positive side corrodes electrode surface and introduces certain oxygen-containing functional groups.
Strategies are needed to identify individuals at risk of dementia long before disease onset, so that resources, treatment and prevention efforts can be efficiently targetedNumerous models of dementia risk have been proposed but their relative merits in terms of predictive accuracy are unknownOur evaluation of the literature suggests that current risk models are poor at distinguishing people at risk of developing dementia from not-at-risk individualsA consensus model for the prediction of dementia is needed that is applicable to both population and clinical settings
The rise in the incidence of dementia with the change in the global age demographic is a source of major public health concern, as the disability associated with this condition, particularly in the later stages of disease, leads to high personal, social and economic costs. Given the promise of future preventive strategies to limit the expected increase in chronic neurodegenerative diseases, early and accurate identification of individuals who are at a high risk of developing dementia is regarded as a research priority. Numerous prognostic models that incorporate known dementia risk factors have been proposed to achieve this goal. Knowledge of the predictive utility of such methods is important if they are to be included in daily clinical practice or to screen the entire older population (individuals aged ≥65 years).
The battery modeling and iterative state calculation in the battery management system is very important for the high-power lithium-ion battery packs, the accuracy of which affects its working performance and safety. An adaptive improved unscented Kalman filtering algorithm is developed to realize the iterative calculation process, aiming to overcome the rounding error in the numerical calculation treatment when it is used to estimate the nonlinear state value of the battery pack. As the sigma point is sampled in the unscented transform round from the unscented Kalman filter algorithm, an imaginary number appears that results in the working state estimation failure. In order to solve this problem, the decomposition is combined with the calculation process. Meanwhile, an adaptive noise covariance matching method is implied. Experiments show that the proposed method can guarantee the semi-positive and numerical stability of the state covariance, and the estimation accuracy can reach the third-order precision. The estimation error remains 1.60% under the drastic voltage and current change conditions, which can reduce the estimation error by 1.00% compared with the traditional method. It can provide a theoretical safety protection basis of the energy management for the lithium-ion battery pack.
This paper presents a new device integrating a nonlinear vibration absorber with a levitation magnetoelectric energy harvester for whole-spacecraft systems. This device effectively reduces vibration and has a stronger energy harvesting capability than the existing systems. It harvests energy from a wide frequency range and has a high output voltage. The harvested energy is determined by magnetic field strength, excitation frequency, and resistive load. The change in the magnetic field strength has the least impact on the output voltage. The vibration reduction effects and harvested energy of the system are analyzed with an approximate analytical method that combines the harmonic balance approach and the pseudo-arclength continuation algorithm. The results of the Runge–Kutta method are nearly consistent with those of the approximate analytical method. Moreover, the effects of the excitation frequency, resistive load, and parameters of the nonlinear energy sink on the system vibration response and energy harvesting are analyzed.
We report here a polymer-templated hydrothermal growth method and subsequent calcination to achieve carbon coated hollow CuFe2O4 spheres (H–CuFe2O4@C). This material, when used as anode for Li-ion battery, retains a high specific capacity of 550mAhg−1 even after the 70th cycle, which is much higher than those of both CuFe2O4@C (∼300mAhg−1) and H–CuFe2O4 (∼120mAhg−1). And galvanostatic cycling at different current densities reveals that a capacity of 480mAhg−1, 91% recovery of the specific capacity cycling at 100mAg−1, can be obtained even after 50 cycles running from 100 to 1600mAg−1. The significantly enhanced electrochemical performances of H–CuFe2O4@C with regard to Li-ion storage are ascribed to the following factors: (1) the hollow void, which could mitigate the pulverization of electrode and facilitate the lithium-ion, electron and electrolyte transport; (2) the conductive carbon coating, which could enhance the conductivity, alleviate the agglomeration problem, prevent the formation of an overly thick SEI film and buffer the electrode. Such a structural motif of H–CuFe2O4@C is promising, for electrode materials of LIBs, and points out a general strategy for creating other hollow-shell electrode materials with improved electrochemical performances.
The Assessment of Quality of Life - 6D scale (AQoL-6D) is a self-report instrument designed to provide a sensitive multidimensional evaluation of health related quality of life. The current paper assesses the construct, concurrent and convergent validity of the AQoL-6D in a combined longitudinal population sample drawn from across urban, regional and remote areas of Australia.
Understanding the chemical processes that occur at the electrode/electrolyte interface in a battery is crucial, as the interactions between anode/cathode and electrolyte and between cathode and anode of a full-cell determine the final battery performance. We have investigated the correlation among cycling performance, interfacial reaction behavior and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stability of a LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2//Si-graphite full-cell under an aggressive test condition between 3.0 and 4.55 V using fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte, and blended additives of methyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate (FEMC) and vinylene carbonate (VC). Through the formation of a stable SEI at both high-voltage cathode and anode, metal dissolution from the cathode is inhibited and full-cell achieves enhanced cycling performance. Interfacially stabilized full-cell delivers a high energy of 622 Wh per kg of active material and improved capacity retention, whereas the cell in conventional electrolyte shows a rapid performance fade.
Ionic liquids are often named solvents of the future because of flexibility in design. This statement has given credence that ionic liquids should simply replace the problematic electrolytes of lithium batteries. As a result, the promising potentials of ionic liquids in electrochemical systems are somehow obscured by inappropriate expectations. We summarize recent advancements in this field, especially, ionic liquids as standalone electrolytes, additives, plasticizers in gel polymer electrolytes, and binders; and attempt to shed light on the future pathway of this area of research. Ionic liquids are not dilute media to serve as pure solvents in electrochemical systems where mobility of ions is the priority; instead, they can contribute to the ionic conductivity of various components in a battery system. Owing to the enormous possibilities of ionic liquids, it is not merely a matter of choice. Ionic liquids can be used to design novel types of electrolytes for a new generation of lithium batteries. A promising possibility, which is still at a very early stage, is supercooled ionic liquid crystals for fast ion diffusion through the guided channels of a liquid-like medium. This, of course, will be a breakthrough in the realm of electrochemistry, far beyond lithium battery field, when materialized.
The high rate charge behavior of 6V 155Ah lead acid monoblocs of the VRLA type for stationary service, subsequent to a full discharge in 1h to 1.60Vpc, is described. Charging rates with an initial constant current equal to I 10, 3I 10, 7I 10 and with constant voltage of 2.25Vpc, resulting in a peak current of 22I 10, were evaluated for their influence on the sites and magnitude of internal heating, speed of recharge and gas emission phenomena. The results indicate that recharge with an initial current in the 3I 10 to 7I 10 range and the maximum voltage limited to 2.25Vpc appears to be a viable charging strategy. Full recharge can be achieved in 4–6h with the temperature rise limited to 12°C above ambient and the gas evolution to an equivalent of 0.4l per cell of a hydrogen–33% oxygen mixture. The thermal video imaging revealed that the loci of maximum internal heating reflect the IR drop and the heat loss through top lead and monobloc walls.
This paper presents a methodology for determining the specifications of an isolated R.E.S. power production system on an environmentally sensitive ecosystem. The wind and solar power constitute the primary power generation system and diesel generators act as backup. Real wind and solar potential measurements are used. The wind atlas of the island has been constructed. The specifications of the proposed system are optimized by the life cycle cost method. The renewable energy sources (R.E.S.) total annual energy production exceeds 90%. As a result, the dependence on the diesel generator set annual energy production is limited and the system’s operational cost is not practically influenced by the increasing fossil fuel prices. The introduction of a small size desalination plant for the production of drinkable water is also investigated. Both the available R.E.S. potential and the minimization of environmental impacts are considered for the siting of the equipment. The methodology of the present paper may be applied to other regions rich in R.E.S. potential, where the introduction of small size environmentally friendly isolated R.E.S. power systems is investigated.
To understand more about the sulfur composite prepared by sulfurized polyacrylonitrile at 300°C, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the sulfur composite cathode during discharge process. The impact of discharge depth on the performance of sulfur composite materials is investigated. The electrolyte solution resistance, the charge transfer resistance and the interface impedance are evaluated from the EIS analysis. The charge transfer resistance and the interface impedance increase during delithiation and decrease during lithiation, while the concentration of Li+ in the composite decreases and increases, respectively. Meanwhile the electrolyte solution resistance is likely to keep stable. The interface resistance and charge transfer resistance of the sulfur composite cathode decrease rapidly after initial lithiation, while Li+ diffusion coefficient and exchange current density increase rapidly. After the initial lithiation, they are likely to keep stable. This study reveals more characteristics of the sulfur composite, which is considered to be a promising candidate for large capacity cathode material.
Transparent and adherent CeO2–ZrO2 thin films having film thicknesses ∼543–598nm were spray deposited onto the conducting (fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass) substrates from a blend of equimolar concentrations of cerium nitrate hexahydrate and zirconium nitrate having different volumetric proportions (0–6vol.% of Zr) in methanol. CeO2–ZrO2 films were polycrystalline with cubic fluorite crystal structure and the crystallinity was improved with increasing ZrO2 content. Films were highly transparent (T ∼92%), showing decrease in band gap energy from 3.45eV for pristine CeO2 to 3.08–3.14eV for CeO2–ZrO2 films. The different morphological features of the film obtained at various CeO2–ZrO2 compositions had pronounced effect on the ion storage capacity and electrochemical stability. CeO2–ZrO2 film prepared at 5vol.% Zr concentration exhibited higher ion storage capacity of 24mCcm−2 and electrochemical stability of 10,000 cycles in 0.5M LiClO4 +PC electrolyte due to its film thickness (584nm) coupled with relatively larger porosity (8%). The optically passive behavior of such CeO2–ZrO2 film (with 5vol.% Zr) is affirmed by its negligible transmission modulation irrespective of repeated Li+ and electron insertion/extraction. The coloration efficiency of spray deposited WO3 thin film is found to enhance from 47 to 107cm2 C−1 when CeO2–ZrO2 is coupled as a counter electrode with WO3 in an electrochromic device (ECD). These films can be used as stable ‘passive’ counter electrodes in electrochromic smart windows as they retain full transparency in both the oxidized and reduced states and ever-reported longevity.
SnO2 has been considered as one of the promising anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low operating potential. However, serious volume change during repetitive cycling and formation of unstable solid electrolyte interface during the lithiation/delithiation process often lead to severe capacity fading. In this work, we report an approach to improve the electrochemical performance of SnO2 by stabilizing it on the surface of reduced activated graphene oxide (rAGO). The rAGO/SnO2 delivers a high reversible capacity of 720mAhg−1 after 200cycles at a current density of 200mAg−1. At a high current density of 500mAg−1, rAGO/SnO2 maintained a specific capacity of 569mAhg−1 which is superior compared to that of pristine SnO2 and rGO/SnO2. The preeminent electrochemical performance of rAGO/SnO2 implies that rAGO plays a crucial role in the buffering effect, electrons and Li ions transfer. Based on the investigations above, we can conclude that the activated pores play a crucial role in increasing the rate performance and cycle stability of SnO2.
Sn/Cu nanowire composite film was electrodeposited on copper foil substrates and used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The structure of the obtained composite film anode was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling and impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the Sn/Cu nanowire composite film anode showed a better cycle stability than Sn film anode, whereas the Sn/CNT composite film anode indicated poor capacity retention. It could be deduced that copper nanowire reinforced the Sn film anode due to the better wetting property of Sn on the surface of copper and reduced the loss of electric contact among tin particles in the Sn/Cu nanowire composite film anode.
Considerable economic as well as environmental benefits can be achieved when appropriate industrial waste management is implemented. The objective of this study was to find a method of organizing a waste management system and of obtaining an overview of the whole system. The method proposed emphasizes the optimization of waste management with regard to energy, economy and environmental impact in separate evaluations. The case study presented illustrates how the method was applied to the Stora Enso Hylte AB paper-mill in Sweden. The waste management systems studied were: (1) the existing system (used as a reference), (2) an energy-recovery system (in which the waste produced is used for energy production, as far as is possible), and (3) a material-recovery system (in which waste is recovered or re-used, as far as is possible). The second system was found to be preferable with regard to energy, economy and environmental impact, although the lowest carbon dioxide emissions was obtained with the first system. The method presented is also suitable as a basis for the development of more specific methodologies for the analysis of waste handling systems applicable to other branches of industry.
A macroporous free-standing nano-sulfur/graphene (S-rGO) paper is introduced directly as an electrode for lithium-sulfur battery. The S-rGO paper is synthesized through a facile freeze drying route followed by low-temperature heat treatment. The flexible S-rGO paper not only provides a conductive framework for electron transport but also alleviates volume effect during cycling. The as-designed S-rGO paper exhibits excellent rate capability and cyclability. The specific discharge capacity is 800mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 300mAg−1 and the capacity fading rate is only 0.035% per cycle. Even at a high current density of 1500mAg−1, it still shows a good performance. We ascribe the high performance of the S-rGO paper to stable macroporous structure and strong interaction between sulfur nanoparticles and graphene.
Previous studies have shown that cognitive deficits precede the classical motor symptoms seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and that physical exercise may exert beneficial effects on PD. We have recently verified that the monoamine-depleting drug reserpine – at doses that do not modify motor function – impairs memory processes in rats. Here, we evaluated the potential of physical exercise to improve cognitive and motor deficits induced by reserpine. Adult Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: (1) untrained-vehicle; (2) untrained-reserpine; (3) running wheel (RW)-vehicle; (4) RW-reserpine; (5) treadmill-vehicle; and (6) treadmill-reserpine. Exercise groups were given free nocturnal access to RW or continuous treadmill exercise (20–25min/day) for 5 days/week over 4 weeks. The animals were injected subcutaneously with reserpine (1.0 or 5.0mg/kg) or vehicle 48h after the end of physical program, and 24h later they were tested in a battery of behavioral paradigms. RW and treadmill improved the motor deficits induced by a high reserpine dose (5.0mg/kg), as evaluated in the rotarod and open-field tests. Moreover, untrained rats treated with a low reserpine dose (1.0mg/kg) presented short-term social memory deficits (without motor or olfactory disturbance) that were selectively improved by the exercise training. Our results reinforce the potential of low to moderate physical exercise as a useful tool in the prevention of motor and cognitive impairments associated to CNS monoaminergic depletion.
A design configuration is presented for integrated series connection of polymer electrolyte fuel cells in a planar array. The design is particularly favorable for miniature fuel cells and has been prototyped using a variety of etch and deposition techniques adopted from microfabrication. The series path is oriented in a “flip-flop” configuration, presenting the unique advantage of a fully continuous electrolyte requiring absolutely no interconnecting bridges across or around the membrane. Electrical interconnections are made by thin-film metal layers that coat etched flow channels patterned on an insulating substrate. Both two-cell and four-cell prototypes have successfully demonstrated the expected additive performance of the integrated series, and peak power in a four-cell silicon assembly with hydrogen and oxygen has exceeded 40mW/cm2. Factorial experimentation has been applied to investigate the adequacy of metal film conduction over etched topology, and results conclude that film thickness dominates over other design parameters. The design effort and subsequent testing has uncovered new topics for extended study, including the possibility of lateral ionic conduction within the membrane as well as the effects of non-uniform reactant distribution.
Electrolytically formed batteries (EFB) which start with a single composite between two current collectors, form positive and negative electrodes in situ theoretically allowing complex cell structures and low cost manufacturing. The fundamental challenge of charging shorts which heal upon removal of the current in electrolytically formed batteries is discussed in detail. In a demonstration EFB cell of LiI composite we show two unique routes towards solving this issue based on in situ formed solid electrolyte interfaces. The chemistry, physical and electrochemical characterization of such approaches are discussed. It is shown how these approaches have enabled the first demonstration of electrolytically formed solid state batteries and present a path to future improvement.