batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Battery lifetime prognosis is a key requirement for successful market introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles. This work aims at the development of a lifetime prediction approach based on an aging model for lithium-ion batteries. A multivariable analysis of a detailed series of accelerated lifetime experiments representing typical operating conditions in hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The impact of temperature and state of charge on impedance rise and capacity loss is quantified. The investigations are based on a high-power NMC/graphite lithium-ion battery with good cycle lifetime. The resulting mathematical functions are physically motivated by the occurring aging effects and are used for the parameterization of a semi-empirical aging model. An impedance-based electric-thermal model is coupled to the aging model to simulate the dynamic interaction between aging of the battery and the thermal as well as electric behavior. Based on these models different drive cycles and management strategies can be analyzed with regard to their impact on lifetime. It is an important tool for vehicle designers and for the implementation of business models. A key contribution of the paper is the parameterization of the aging model by experimental data, while aging simulation in the literature usually lacks a robust empirical foundation.
Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 cathode laminate containing 8% PVDF and 7% acetylene black is fabricated and calendered to different porosities. Calendering effects on the physical and electrochemical properties of the Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 cathode are investigated. It is found that mechanical properties of the composite laminate strongly depend on the electrode porosity whereas the electronic conductivity is not significantly affected by calendering. Electrochemical performances including the specific capacity, the first coulombic efficiency, cycling performance and rate capability for the cathode at different porosities are compared. An optimized porosity of around 30–40% is identified. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies illustrate that calendering improves the electronic conductivity between active particles at relatively high porosities, but increases charge transfer resistance at electrode/electrolyte interface at relatively low porosities. An increase of activation energy of Li interfacial transfer for the electrode at 0% porosity indicates a relatively high barrier of activation at the electrode/electrolyte interface, which accounts for the poor rate capability of the electrode at extremely low porosity.
The relationships between spatial neglect for perceptual objects and representational for imagined items are difficult to explore because of several methodological problems, including the dearth of comparable tests for real and imagined scenes. We asked 19 patients with right brain damage and 12 healthy controls to say whether an auditorily presented French geographical location was left or right of Paris, and recorded their vocal response times. Afterwards, participants performed a similar test with visually presented items. Although several patients had asymmetries of performance on the perceptual version of the test, only one patient was more accurate for right-sided than for left-sided imagined stimuli, thus showing evidence for imaginal neglect. However, this patient performed normally on place description and on mental number line bisection, perhaps as a consequence of different strategies he employed for these tasks. Overall, our results confirm previous evidence showing that imaginal neglect is less frequent than, and often occurs in association with, perceptual neglect. Imaginal neglect may result from the contribution of deficits partly distinct from those implicated in perceptual neglect, such as impaired endogenous orienting of attention or deficits of spatial working memory.
Metal sulfides have received tremendous attention due to their superior electrochemical performance. In this study, it is the first time that the ternary tin selenium sulfide, SnSe0.5S0.5, is investigated as a potential high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The SnSe0.5S0.5/C nanocomposites have also been synthesized through a facile polyol-method followed by a simple hydrothermal process and subsequent sintering. The material demonstrated a high specific capacity and a long-term cycling stability in both Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (625mAhg−1 for LIB at 500mAg−1 rate after 1000 cycles, 430mAhg−1 in a SIB at 200mAg−1 rate after 100 cycles). Furthermore, the kinetic analysis of Li-ions and Na-ions storage revealed that the extrinsic pseudocapacitive contribution could improve the charge transfer rate during the insertion and extraction of Li-ion and Na-ion, thus enhancing the rate performance and cycling stability. These results demonstrated that the novel tin selenium sulfide (SnSe0.5S0.5) material could potentially be an excellent anode material for Li-ion storage and Na-ion storage.
This study investigates the potential role of electric vehicles in an electricity network with a high contribution from variable generation such as wind power. Electric vehicles are modelled to provide demand management through flexible charging requirements and energy balancing for the network. Balancing applications include both demand balancing and vehicle-to-grid discharging. This study is configured to represent the UK grid with balancing requirements derived from wind generation calculated from weather station wind speeds on the supply side and National Grid data from on the demand side. The simulation models 1000 individual vehicle entities to represent the behaviour of larger numbers of vehicles. A stochastic trip generation profile is used to generate realistic journey characteristics, whilst a market pricing model allows charging and balancing decisions to be based on realistic market price conditions. The simulation has been tested with wind generation capacities representing up to 30% of UK consumption. Results show significant improvements to load following conditions with the introduction of electric vehicles, suggesting that they could substantially facilitate the uptake of intermittent renewable generation. Electric vehicle owners would benefit from flexible charging and selling tariffs, with the majority of revenue derived from vehicle-to-grid participation in balancing markets.
Publisher Summary A large amount of power is contained in the movement of air in the form of wind. The mechanical devices that are used to convert kinetic energy in the wind into useful shaft power are known as windmills, wind machines, or wind turbines. The advantages of using wind energy are: it does not deplete natural resources; it is nonpolluting, making no demands upon the environment beyond the comparatively modest use of land area; and it uses cost-free fuel. These advantages must be weighed against the disadvantages: wind is an intermittent source of energy and the total system costs are high when an energy storage system is included. The cost of wind generated electricity is now comparable to the average cost of generation from conventional sources. Wind-electric system (WES) is a wind machine and an electric generator.
Highly conductive polyaniline (PANI) membranes synthesized by a proton doping method are used as waterproof barriers for lithium air batteries. When the membrane is attached to the air cathode, it promotes lithium ion transport into the electrode and blocks the moisture entrance, which can protect the lithium anode from erosion. Electrolyte evaporation from the battery is also greatly reduced. Electrochemical tests show that lithium air cells with this design deliver a much higher specific capacity, 3241mAhg−1 (referring to carbon), under high relative humidity (RH>20%) conditions; the cells also have an excellent rate capability.
In order to improve lithium ion batteries it is important to characterise real electrode geometries and understand how their 3D structure may affect performance. In this study, high resolution synchrotron nano-CT was used to acquire 3D tomography datasets of mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) based anodes down to a 16 nm voxel size. A specimen labelling methodology was used to produce anodes that enhance the achievable image contrast, and image processing routines were utilised to successfully segment features of interest from a challenging dataset. The 3D MCMB based anode structure was analysed revealing a heterogeneous and bi-modally distributed microstructure. The microstructure was quantified through calculations of surface area, volume, connectivity and tortuosity factors. In doing so, two different methods, random walk and diffusion based, were used to determine tortuosity factors of both MCMB and pore/electrolyte microstructures. The tortuosity factors (2–7) confirmed the heterogeneity of the anode microstructure for this field of view and demonstrated small MCMB particles interspersed between large MCMB particles cause an increase in tortuosity factors. The anode microstructure was highly connected, which was also caused by the presence of small MCMB particles. The complexity in microstructure suggests inhomogeneous local lithium ion distribution would occur within the anode during operation.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs, with symptoms appearing during the night and disturbing nocturnal sleep. There is a growing body of evidence that RLS correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with RLS have higher blood pressure (BP) during the night than people without RLS.
Cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), often with a heterogeneous neuropsychological presentation among patients. Benedict and Zivadinov describe the clinical features and neuropsychological tests for cognitive dysfunction in MS with a particular focus on the risk factors for this disorder. Protective factors and potential therapy for cognitive impairment in MS are also discussed.
Sediments represent a major sink for contaminants resulting from industrial and agricultural activities — especially lipophilic substances. This study exclusively used in vitro methodologies to characterize specific toxicity effects of contaminants in sediment extracts from two urban New Zealand estuaries. Sediment extracts were prepared and tested for a range of biological endpoints. The micronucleus and comet assays in V79 cells were used to assess genotoxicity. Induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase in piscine RTL-W1 cells was determined to estimate dioxin-like toxicity. Cytotoxic potentials were analyzed by neutral red uptake and MTT reduction. There was evidence of strong dioxin-like toxicity and moderate cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity was distinct in the micronucleus assay, but low in the comet assay. The results indicate the presence of chemicals in the sediments with the potential to pose a risk through multiple mechanisms of toxicity, the identities and amounts of which will be disclosed in a parallel study alongside with in vivo toxicity data.
Research and development (R&D) of electrochemical capacitors is discussed in terms of material characteristics and device performance and testing. Various chemistries and technologies being developed are identified and the status of and problems associated with each of the technologies are discussed. The technologies considered include those using various types of carbon and pseudo-capacitive materials such as metal oxides. What is needed to make the various electrochemical capacitor technologies cost competitive with batteries for different applications and markets is also considered. Electrochemical capacitors (especially double-layer capacitors) are intrinsically high power devices of limited energy storage capability and long cycle life; batteries are basically energy storage devices, which can be designed and used as relatively high power devices with a sacrifice in useable energy storage capacity. Both electrochemical capacitors and high power batteries are designed with thin electrodes, materials having nano-scale characteristics, and a minimum resistance. Much of the research on electrochemical capacitors is concerned with increasing their energy density with the minimum sacrifice in power capability and cycle life for deep discharges. Of special interest has been the development of advanced carbons with specific capacitance (F/g) significantly greater than the present values of 150–200F/g in aqueous electrolytes and 80–120F/g in organic electrolytes. Cost continues to be a major obstacle to the development of large markets for electrochemical capacitors particularly for vehicle applications. The development of lower cost carbons appropriate for use in electrochemical capacitors is underway by several speciality carbon suppliers. The goal is to reduce the cost of the carbon to $10–15/kg.
Membraneless redox flow batteries reported to date are microscale designs that have shown poor capacity retention and cyclability due to reactant crossover. Here, we present a new design of macroscale membraneless redox flow battery capable of recharging and recirculation of the same electrolyte streams for multiple cycles and maintains the advantages of the decoupled power and energy densities. The battery is based on immiscible aqueous anolyte and organic catholyte liquids, which exhibits high capacity retention and columbic efficiency during cycling. The aqueous anolyte consists of iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) as active species, which is immiscible with the catholyte, having iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) as active species dissolved in water-immiscible ethyl acetate, supported by ionic liquid (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). Over 60% of initial discharge capacity was retained and over 80% of columbic efficiency was sustained after 25 cycles in a test flow cell, which is among the highest reported thus far.
Highly dispersed NaFeF3 particles were prepared at 280°C by liquid-phase synthesis using high-boiling-point organic solution, and their electrochemical properties were studied by charge and discharge measurements. TEM observation clarified that the resultant NaFeF3 particles had uniform particle sizes of ca. 10–20, 100–200, and 500–600nm, which could be controlled by the composition of the synthetic solution. The discharge capacities were higher for NaFeF3 that had smaller particle sizes, particularly at a rate of 0.1C or higher, while the discharge capacities obtained at a rate of 0.01C between 1.5 and 4.5V were almost the same in the range 170–181mAhg−1 regardless of the particle size of NaFeF3. These results clearly indicate that the use of well-dispersed nano-sized NaFeF3 particles should effectively improve the rate performance of NaFeF3.
The toxicity of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) to bacteria was considered as the major limitation in bioleaching of copper from PCBs. To reduce the toxicity of PCBs, copper extraction from PCBs was investigated using bacteria-free cultural supernatant from some metallurgical microbial consortium, whose predominant organisms were Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans.
Abstract Colour-changing and light-emitting textile structures can be developed using chromic or luminescent materials. They are able to change their optical properties when a specific stimulus is applied to them. This stimulus can be optical, thermal, electrical, chemical or mechanical. Luminescent materials are able to emit light; electroluminescent diodes are a well-known example. Chromic materials are able to change their colour without any light emission. Some of these textile-based structures have already been used for the development of flexible displays, which can be used for multiple applications, from medical textiles to communicative textiles, as well as for art and fashion.
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate a standardised sleep apnea patient education program and develop a study design that may be used to evaluate other such education programs. Method Thirty-four adults diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) underwent a standard sleep apnea education program and completed measures of knowledge of and beliefs about sleep apnea before, after, and 3 months following education. Two outcome measures were used: the Apnea Knowledge Test (AKT) and the Apnea Beliefs Scale (ABS). Results AKT results showed significant knowledge gains posteducation, which were maintained at follow-up. Patients also reported more positive beliefs about their ability to change their behaviour and comply with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment recommendations after education. Discussion Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest that the education program used in this study may improve patients' knowledge of CPAP and promote functional beliefs about OSAHS treatment. This program clearly warrants further research, and ultimately such programs may prove important in improving CPAP compliance.
Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP)/LiFePO4 (LVP) composite hollow microspheres (LVP/LFP-CHMs) for lithium-ion batteries have been synthesized by a combination method, using yeast cells as both structure templates and biocarbon source. The stable heterogeneous isomorphism solid solution with superlattice structure is formed in the joint of LVP and LFP particles. A detailed analysis of the formation mechanism of solid solution with superlattice structure and the influences of different Fe:V mole ratios on the structure and electrochemical properties of composites are presented. When the LVP/LFP-CHMs with a Fe:V mole ratio of 1:3 were used as cathode material in coin cells with metallic Li as anode, the cell exhibits a discharge capacity of 221.5mAhg−1 for 5 cycles and discharge specific energy of 682 Wh kg−1 at 0.1C in a wide voltage range (1.5–4.3V). Its capacity is far higher than the capacity of unsubstituted LFP and LVP in the same wide voltage range. The energy density of this cell is about 4 times higher than that of modern commercial lithium-ion batteries (157 Wh kg−1). The wide voltage range not only increases the discharge capacity and energy density of cathode materials, but also could expand the range of its applications in electronic equipment.
Inverse silicon opal (ISi) and carbon-coated inverse Si opal (C–ISi) structures are prepared from the simple thermal reduction method using magnesium and investigated as the anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. The ISi and C–ISi samples comprise continuously arranged inverse opal structures, constructed by Si nanoparticles. The macroporous structures in ∼1 μm range are favourable for lithium-ion transport and more importantly for absorbing volumetric change in the silicon nanoparticles. Moreover, the carbon coating on the inverse Si opal improves the electrical conductivity and acts as a mechanical buffer for the volume change. C–ISi sample shows a high capacity of 1550 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle with very stable cycle retention, whereas the ISi and pristine Si samples show 1146.4 mAh g−1 and approximately zero, respectively, at the 100th cycle with rapid capacity fading. Surprisingly, the volumetric expansion of C–ISi electrode after 100th cycles is only 16.1%, which is as low as that for commercial graphite electrodes.
LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium ion battery was prepared with lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron oxide, and glucose monohydrate as raw materials. In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance, the influence of Li:Fe molar ratio was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C was reached in this study, when Li:Fe molar ratio was 1.03:1 synthesized preheated ball milling temperature at 300°C for 1h, and then ball milling temperature at 650°C for 8h, at the rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10C, the initial discharge capacities of 157 (±2), 151 (±2), 144 (±2), 136 (±2), 119 (±2), 102 (±2) mAhg−1, respectively. Moreover, after 50cycles, at rate of 0.1C, the capacity of LiFePO4/C sample was 155 (±2) mAhg−1, and its capacity retention rate achieve 99.5%.
Highly activated porous carbon with attractive and promising electrochemical properties is employed as cathode material for high performance supercapacitors. The present paper proposes a novel activated porous carbon which is derived from zinc-based metal organic framworks as a source and template by carbonization at 825 °C and also further activation with KOH. The obtained activated porous carbon has uniform unique spherical morphology with an average size of 3–5 μm and has a specific surface area up to 2314.9 m2g-1. The activated porous carbon with superior mesoporous structure exhibits a high electrochemical performance and an excellent electrochemical stability in 6 M KOH solution. It provides a high specific capacitance and power density of 325 F g−1 and 71.2 W kg−1, respectively, at a current density of 1 A g−1. Additionally, the activated porous carbon retains its specific capacitance with very slight decay rate of 1.21% after 150,000 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A g−1. Hence, the present investigation demonstrates that the as-prepared activated porous carbon is a promising candidate as a low-cost and highly efficient electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
Effects of internal short circuit (ISCr) on thermal stability of Li-ion cells of various sizes (130–1100mAh) are investigated using a combination of experimental methods and thermal modeling. Three experimental methods were evaluated: small nail penetration, small indentation, and cell pinch test. The small nail penetration and indentation tests created significant heat sinking to the cell-can or to the nail. Only the cell pinch test provided a reasonable approximation of a high risk ISCr event. ISCr location plays a critical role in the consequences of an ISCr event. ISCr at the edge of the electrode is the worst case because of its limited heat conduction to the cell-can. The effects of cell capacity and state of charge on ISCr are also evaluated through tests and thermal modeling.
Nowadays, developing functional carbon materials from cheap natural materials is a highly compelling topic. Different from most explored biomass, honeysuckle is inherently rich in nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms, and it has many advantages for production on a large scale. Here, hierarchical porous carbon (HPC), derived from waste honeysuckle via an environmentally friendly and economically viable method, has been reported as an anode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The as-fabricated HPC exhibits favorable features for electrochemical energy storage performance such as high specific surface area (830 m2 g−1), hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) pore network and heteroatoms (N and S) doping effects. HPC, when evaluated as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, shows superior cycling stability (maintaining a reversible capacity of 1215 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent rate capability (370 mAh g−1 at the current density of 20 A g−1). Furthermore, owing to the appropriate heteroatoms doping, a high initial coulombic efficiency of 64.7% can be achieved. A widespread comparison with the literature also showed that the honeysuckle derived porous carbon was one of the most promising carbon-based anodes for high-rate lithium ion batteries.