batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A population group that is often overlooked in the recent revolution of self-tracking is the group of older people. This growing proportion of the general population is often faced with increasing health issues and discomfort. In order to come up with lifestyle advice towards the elderly, we need the ability to quantify their lifestyle, before and after an intervention. This research focuses on the task of activity recognition (AR) from accelerometer data. With that aim, we collect a substantial labelled dataset of older individuals wearing multiple devices simultaneously and performing a strict protocol of 16 activities (the GOTOV dataset, N=28
is a data scientist/Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, section Molecular Epidemiology of the Leiden University Medical Center in Leiden, the Netherlands. He received his master in Computer Science and Advanced Data Analytics at the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science. His work focuses on healthy ageing and how the physical activity of older people is linked to parameters of metabolic health and biological age.
This paper presents our research on the development of navigation systems of autonomous drone for delivering items that uses a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and a compass as the main tools in drone. The grand purpose of our research is to deliver important medical aids for patients in emergency situations and implementation in agriculture in Indonesia, as part of the big mission of Society 5.0 and related with big data. In sending process, drone must be able to detect object and reach goal position and go back safely using GPS. We proposed a navigation algorithm for drone including the usage of course-over-ground information to help drone in doing autonomous navigation. In the experiment that we did, the average of positional deviation of landing position between the actual landing position and the desired landing position in the flight tests of flying from start to goal is 1.1125 m and for the tests that use the algorithm which uses course-over-ground, the positional deviation has average of 2.39 m. Navigation using course-over-Ground algorithm is not more reliable than the navigation algorithm with GNSS and Compass at a navigation distance of less than 1 m.
Li3V2(PO4)3/reduced graphene oxide (designated as Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO) and Li3V2(PO4)3/reduced modified graphene oxide (designated as Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO) nanocomposites have been synthesized by a solvothermal method, followed by post-heat treatment at 800 °C, and explored as cathodes in lithium-ion cells. Lamellar GO sheets were modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form mGO with good dispersibility. The Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO (∼350 nm particles) and Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO (∼200 nm particles) nanocomposite cathodes display discharge capacities of, respectively, 170 and 186 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate and 118 and 135 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate between 3.0 and 4.8 V. The higher discharge capacity and rate capability of Li3V2(PO4)3/rmGO compared to Li3V2(PO4)3/rGO are ascribed mainly to the smaller particle size of Li3V2(PO4)3 and the tight contact between the Li3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles and the rmGO sheets. The tight contact enables fast electron transport through the underlying rmGO sheets to Li3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles.
The main problem in using photovoltaic (PV) systems is the low energy conversion efficiency of PV cells. The efficiency of PV cells will decrease significantly as the temperature of the cells exceed to a certain limit. In order to increase the efficiency, it is necessary to reduce the operating temperature of array. One of the ways for improving the system operation is cooling PV cells with a thin film of water. The aim of this research is to study the effects of nominal power of array and system head on the operation of system by using this method. For this purpose, a photovoltaic water pumping system is installed in Kerman city (Latitude: 30° 17′ and longitude: 57° 50′) and different methods examined to reduce PV cells temperature. The most effective way was chosen and used in set. This method is based on providing water for cooling cells by the pump itself. Experiments show that with decreasing of array nominal power and increasing in system head, the power generated by the array increases significantly. This increases the panel and total efficiency and therefore the pump flow rate. This method is ineffective as the array nominal power increases significantly.
Evolution of the electrical and morphological properties of micron-sized SnSb has been investigated to understand the electrochemical behavior observed during cycling experiments. Electron microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been combined to evidence the electrode modifications and particularly the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Evolution of the SEI resistance and the charge transfer resistance with the cell voltage can be explained by the electrolyte degradation and expansion/contraction of the electrode. Furthermore, we show that the SEI formation is not limited at the first discharge/charge of the battery. The continuous growth of the SEI layer up to 50 cycles associated to the electrode pulverization caused by the large volume variations are responsible for the capacity fading.
In this study, a nanorod-like Fe2O3/graphene nanocomposite is synthesized by a facile template-free hydrothermal method and a following calcination in air at 300 °C for 2 h. The Fe2O3 nanorods with diameter of 15–30 nm and length of 120–300 nm are homogenous distributed on both sides of graphene. The morphologies of intermediates at different hydrothermal reaction times are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization, and a possible growth mechanism of this one-dimensional structure is proposed. It is shown that the α-FeOOH rodlike precursors are formed through a rolling-broken-growth (RBG) model, then the α-FeOOH is transformed into α-Fe2O3 nanorods during calcinations, preserving the same rodlike morphology. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the Fe2O3 nanorod/graphene composites exhibit a very large reversible capacity of 1063.2 mAh/g at the charge/discharge rate of 0.1 C.
Secondary lead, i.e. material produced by the recycling of lead-acid batteries has become the primary source of lead in much of the world. This has been important to the secondary lead industry as other uses have dwindled, e.g. lead based pigments, chemicals, fuel additives, solders and CRT glasses [1]. Presently, battery manufacturing accounts for greater than 80% of lead consumption while recycled lead accounts for approximately the same market share of lead supply. These two facts strongly demonstrate the battery manufacturing and recycled lead are intimately coupled in everyday life. In this paper we will explore how recycled lead has become the material of choice for battery construction through the development of a recovery and refining process that exceeds the industries requirements. Particular focus will be on addressing the results presented by Prengaman [2] on the effects of contaminant or tramp elements on gassing in lead-acid batteries.
The German government has set itself the target of reducing the country׳s GHG emissions by between 80 and 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Alongside energy efficiency, renewable energy sources are set to play the main role in this transition. However, the large-scale deployment of renewable energies is expected to cause increased demand for critical mineral resources. The aim of this article is therefore to determine whether the transformation of the German energy system by 2050 (“Energiewende”) may possibly be restricted by a lack of critical minerals, focusing primarily on the power sector (generating, transporting and storing electricity from renewable sources). For the relevant technologies, we create roadmaps describing a number of conceivable quantitative market developments in Germany. Estimating the current and future specific material demand of the options selected and projecting them along a range of long-term energy scenarios allows us to assess potential medium- or long-term mineral resource restrictions. The main conclusion we draw is that the shift towards an energy system based on renewable sources that is currently being pursued is principally compatible with the geological availability and supply of mineral resources. In fact, we identified certain sub-technologies as being critical with regard to potential supply risks, owing to dependencies on a small number of supplier countries and competing uses. These sub-technologies are certain wind power plants requiring neodymium and dysprosium, thin-film CIGS photovoltaic cells using indium and selenium, and large-scale redox flow batteries using vanadium. However, non-critical alternatives to these technologies do indeed exist. The likelihood of supplies being restricted can be decreased further by cooperating even more closely with companies in the supplier countries and their governments, and by establishing greater resource efficiency and recyclability as key elements of technology development.
An effective method to estimate the state of health (SOH) of lithium ion batteries is illustrated in this work. This method uses an adaptive transformation of charging curves at different stages of life to quantify the extent of capacity fade and derive a time-based parameter to enable an accurate SOH estimation. This approach is easy for practical implementation and universal to chemistry or cell geometry, with minimal demand of learning. With a typical constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) charging method for a lithium ion battery, this approach uses an equivalent circuit model to characterize the CC portion of the charging curve and derive a transformation function and a time-based parameter to estimate SOH at any stage of life via a nonlinear least squares method to identify model parameters. The SOH estimation errors (discrepancy between estimated and experimental values, denoted as ΔSOH) are under 2% before the end of life in cases shown at 25 °C and 60 °C and a range of typical discharging rates up to 3C. With different sizes and chemistries, the ΔSOHs are all less than 3%.
COX-2-specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs. Plants are known to play critical roles in the discovery and developments of new pharmaceuticals. To the best of our knowledge, nothing has been reported so far on the selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase by flavanones. The present study aims at evaluating the selective inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 by flavanones from Sorghum bicolor.
Antimony has received a great deal of attention as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g−1. However, this application is significantly hampered by inherent large volume change and sluggish kinetics. To address these issues, an antimony−cyano-based ionic liquid-derived nitrogen-doped carbon (SbCNC) hybrid is proposed and synthesized by ball-milling and subsequent pyrolysis treatment. As an anode material for SIBs, the as-synthesized SbCNC hybrid delivers reversible capacities of 475 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and 203 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1, and a 92.4% capacity retention based on the first-cycle capacity after 150 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Using ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and elemental mapping techniques, we attribute the good structural integrity to the formation of SbNC bonds between Sb and the cyano-based ionic liquid-derived N-doped carbon matrix. Moreover, the presence of N-doped carbon network in the hybrid material serves as a robust protective cover and an electrical highway, buffering the substantial volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles and ensuring the fast electron transport for stable cycling operation.
Monitoring of blood glucose levels is important to persons with diabetes or pre-diabetic, abnormal glucose indications. Such individuals must determine when insulin is needed to reduce glucose levels in their bodies, or when additional glucose must be administered to raise levels. A conventional technique used by many diabetics to personally monitor their glucose level includes the periodic drawing of blood, the application of blood to a test strip, and determination of blood glucose level using calorimetric, electrochemical, or photometric detection. This technique does not permit continuous or automatic monitoring of levels in the body, but typically must be performed manually, and on a periodic basis. Unfortunately, checking consistency varies widely among individuals, where wide variation of high or low levels of glucose or other analytes may have detrimental effects. The ongoing capture of data through continuous and/or automatic in vivo monitoring of analyte levels, and its inclusion with a user-friendly computer interface, is now possible using a subcutaneous implanted sensor. Such devices are small and comfortable when used, allowing a wide range of life activities. In this technology review we propose one promising model using a combination of emerging, systems-based technologies in non-invasive analyte monitoring, as integrated within household-based health monitoring using home appliances.
Ionic conductivity is a fundamental property of ionic liquids with its origin and exact nature under debate. Using a specially selected system of pyrrolidinium cations (PYR1x , x =3,4) and sulfonylimide anions (FSI, TFSI, BETI, and IM14)-based ionic liquids we observe a simple and accurate connection between ab initio computed cation and anion volumes and measured molar ionic conductivities.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease with no well-delineated cause or effective cure. Here we show that the p53 family member p63, specifically the ΔNp63, isoform has a key role in driving keratinocyte activation in AD. We find that overexpression of ΔNp63 in transgenic mouse epidermis results in a severe skin phenotype that shares many of the key clinical, histological and molecular features associated with human AD. This includes pruritus, epidermal hyperplasia, aberrant keratinocyte differentiation, enhanced expression of selected cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells including type 2 T-helper cells – features that are highly representative of AD dermatopathology. We further demonstrate several of these mediators to be direct transcriptional targets of ΔNp63 in keratinocytes. Of particular significance are two p63 target genes, IL-31 and IL-33, both of which are key players in the signaling pathways implicated in AD. Importantly, we find these observations to be in good agreement with elevated levels of ΔNp63 in skin lesions of human patients with AD. Our studies reveal an important role for ΔNp63 in the pathogenesis of AD and offer new insights into its etiology and possible therapeutic targets.
The present paper aims at investigating how changes in canopy structure and species physiology associated with the abandonment of mountain meadows and pastures affect their net photosynthesis. For this purpose, a multi-layer vegetation–atmosphere transfer (VAT) model is employed, which explicitly takes into account the structural and functional properties of the various canopy components and species. Three sites differing in land use are investigated, a meadow, a pasture and an abandoned area. Model simulations agree reasonably with measured canopy net photosynthetic rates, the meadow featuring the highest daily net photosynthesis, followed by the pasture and, finally, the abandoned area. A detailed process analysis suggests this ranking to be mainly due to bulk canopy physiology, which decreases from the meadow to the pasture and the abandoned area, reflecting species composition and species-specific photosynthetic capacities. Differences between the canopies with regard to canopy structure are found to be of minor importance. The amounts of green, photosynthetically active plant matter are too similar at the three sites to be a major source of variation in net photosynthesis. Large differences exist between the canopies with regard to the amount of photosynthetically inactive phytoelements. Even though a model analysis showed them to be potentially important, most of them are accumulated close to the ground surface, where they exert little influence on canopy net photosynthesis.
Moral systems universally prohibit harming others for personal gain. However, we know little about how such principles guide moral behavior. Using a task that assesses the financial cost participants ascribe to harming others versus themselves, we probed the relationship between moral behavior and neural representations of profit and pain. Most participants displayed moral preferences, placing a higher cost on harming others than themselves. Moral preferences correlated with neural responses to profit, where participants with stronger moral preferences had lower dorsal striatal responses to profit gained from harming others. Lateral prefrontal cortex encoded profit gained from harming others, but not self, and tracked the blameworthiness of harmful choices. Moral decisions also modulated functional connectivity between lateral prefrontal cortex and the profit-sensitive region of dorsal striatum. The findings suggest moral behavior in our task is linked to a neural devaluation of reward realized by a prefrontal modulation of striatal value representations.
Two questions were addressed by the present study. The first was whether the previously reported item recognition deficit which is shown by amnesic patients may be due to a perceptual rather than a memory deficit. To address this question a group of amnesic patients were tested on a 14-choice forced-choice visual item recognition test which included a “simultaneous” condition in which the sample remained visible during the matching decision and a zero second delay. Eacott, Gaffan and Murray (1994) have reported an impairment in simultaneous matching-to-sample following perirhinal damage in monkeys. In our amnesic patients, a deficit was found only after filled delays of 10 seconds or longer and this was also the case for a subgroup of patients whose damage included the perirhinal cortex. The second question, which arose from the model of Aggleton and Brown (1999), was whether performance on the DMS task would remain intact following selective damage to the hippocampus. We tested a patient with bilateral damage to the hippocampus on the 14-choice DMS task and found that her performance was not significantly impaired at delays of up to 30 seconds.
Although lithium ion battery is known to be an excellent renewable energy provider in electronic markets further application of it has been limited by its notoriously poor performance at low temperature, especially below −20 °C. In this paper, the electrochemical performance of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials coated by lithium boron oxide (LBO) glass was investigated at a temperature range from 20 to −40 °C. The results show that the LBO coating not only helps to improve the discharge capacity of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 at room temperature but also increase the discharge capacity retention of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from 22.5% to 57.8% at −40 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra results reveal that the LBO coating plays an important role in reducing the charge-transfer resistance on the electrolyte–electrode interfaces and improving lithium ion diffusion coefficients. The mechanism associated with the change of the structure and electrical properties are discussed in detail.
The increasing scale of designed objects forming our artifactual environment has been often noted. However, description, interpretation and analysis of this dense realm has generally proceeded through discussions of aesthetic attributes, semiotic significance and the meanings that such designed objects convey. This paper argues that this interpretative focus has occluded the extent to which the environment of consumer goods has been increasingly marked by the eclipse of the functional utility of such artifacts. Following the insights of Donald Norman, Albert Borgmann and Ivan Illich, three dimensions of use-value, the cognitive, the experiential and the convivial respectively, are considered. The origins of a dynamic towards the eclipse of use-value will be outlined and alternative approaches to understanding the practical significance of such designed objects will be advanced.
The rational combination of transition metal oxides and carbon materials has been regarded as an efficient way of accessing the next-generation electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. Here we demonstrate a facile synthesis of nanostructured MnO2 supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a direct redox route. By varying the reaction time, it can be convenient to control the growth density of MnO2 as well as the structural integrity of CNTs, which endow the novel hybrids with adjustable electrochemical performance. As a consequence, the resulting MnO2-CNT electrodes exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 247.9Fg-1, with good rate capability and extraordinary cycling life stability (92.8% retention of initial capacitance after 5000 cycles), suggesting such materials have great potential in constructing high-performance energy-storage systems.
A non-hydrolytic sol–gel approach was utilized to create tin oxide and tin–aluminum binary oxide aerogels with high porosity (90%) and high surface area (300m2/g). XRD data from single-phase tin oxide aerogel indicates the growth of SnO2 crystallites between 150 and 400°C in air, accompanied by a substantial reduction in surface area. Heated tin oxide aerogel exhibits comparable reversible specific capacity (390mAh/g) comparable to that of a commercially obtained SnO2 reference (420mAh/g). By mixing tin and aluminum precursors, binary oxide aerogels were created in which the crystal growth of tin oxide domains was suppressed until higher temperatures. The tin oxide phase in this mixed system remains electrochemically active towards lithium insertion and exhibits excellent reversibility during cycling.
Vanadium nitride (VN) is promising in lithium ion battery (LIB) anode due to its high energy density, chemical stability, and corrosion resistivity. Herein, porous VN nanosheets are synthesized hydrothermally followed by an ammonia treatment. The porous nanosheets offer a large interfacial area between the electrode and electrolyte as well as short Li+ diffusion path and consequently, the VN nanosheets electrode has high capacity and rate capability as an anode in LIB. The VN anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 455mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 and it remains at 341mAhg−1 when the current density is increased to 1Ag−1. The charge transfer and Li+ diffusion kinetics during the lithiation process is studied systematically. A highly stable SEI film is formed during the initial discharging-charging cycles to achieve a long cycle life and sustained capacity at a high level for 250 discharging-charging cycles without deterioration. This work demonstrates the preparation of high-performance LIB anode materials by a simple method and elucidates the lithiation kinetics.
The integral turbine is driven by compressed air and generates electrical energy. This is used for the ionisation process which makes surfaces less susceptible to dust and contamination. Ionisation neutralises the positive and negative static charge in components and surfaces. As a result, dirt no longer sticks to the neutralised parts and is no longer attracted by the surface.