batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Abstract In recent times, the quickly mounting global economy has caused severe environmental problems and excessive utilization of fossil fuels, resulting in important threats to the survival and development of humankind. For that reason, employing sustainable and clean energy in addition to efficient energy conversion and storage technologies is immediately required. It was approximated that the world will require doubling its energy supply by 2050. For this reason, advanced technologies for both energy storage (supercapacitors and batteries) and conversion (solar cell and fuel cell) are being widely studied around the world. Over the last few decades numerous researches are going on the field of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and conducting polymer-based nanocomposites as well as graphene and conducting polymer–based nanocomposites for energy storage applications. The present chapter gives a brief overview of the most recent research on CNT and graphene-based hybrid nanocomposites for electrochemical supercapacitors.
To evaluate the influence of coexistent salt in the Mg–Si precursor for the hydrothermal synthesis of smectite, stevensite was synthesized hydrothermally from Mg–Si precursors with different salt concentrations. Prepared homogeneous Mg–Si precursors were washed with distilled water before hydrothermal treatment. The salt concentration of the Mg–Si precursors was differentiated according to the washing cycle number. The salt concentration decreased concomitantly with increased washing cycles. Prepared smectite samples were characterized using ICP, XRD, TG-DTA, TEM, EDX, and viscosity measurement. Trioctahedral smectite peaks were observed in the XRD charts of all samples; NaNO3 peaks were observed in the sample with excess salt. Excessive salt interrupted smectite synthesis, whereas salt of twice of ideal composition accelerated the smectite synthesis. Results also show that salt concentration affects smectite crystallinity. To investigate film formability of the derived smectite samples, coating films on glass substrates and binder-free self-standing films were prepared from aqueous dispersions of the derived smectite samples. The film formability improved with decreasing salt concentration of smectite. Smectite with low salt concentration forms a highly transparent film. Film formation processes were discussed through observation of film preparation using clay dispersions with different salt concentrations.
Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be affected by sarcopenia, which is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle mass atrophy with decline of muscle strength and function. The aim was to evaluate differences in the diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The screening for sarcopenia was performed in PD patients older than 18 years, with evaluation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and gait speed (GS). The diagnosis was according to the 2010 and 2019 versions of EWGSOP consensus on sarcopenia. Fifty subjects on PD were included, mean age 55.74 ± 16.22 years old, 52% female. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 4 to 10% according to cut points and references used.
Self-organized Sn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were fabricated by anodization of co-sputtered Ti–Sn thin films in a glycerol electrolyte containing NH4F. The Sn-doped TiO2nts were studied in terms of composition, morphology and structure by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of the Sn-doped TiO2nts was evaluated in Li test cells as a possible negative electrode for 3D Li-ion micro batteries. The Sn-doped TiO2nts delivered much higher capacity values compared to simple TiO2nts. The outstanding electrochemical behaviour is proposed to be related to the enhanced lithium diffusivity evidenced with Cottrell plots, and the rutile-type structure imparted with the Sn doping.
The internal pressure variations of different Nickel-metal hydride batteries were studied. The relationship between the deflection of a battery shell and internal pressure can be determined by thin elastic shell theory, and also by experimental methods. A DNY-2 was specially designed to measure indirectly the pressure inside the battery shell without damage to any battery parts. The internal pressure variations were simulated by the Boltzmann function when the batteries were charged with a low current density. The parameters in the simulating function have definite physical meanings, and a special parameter k, which is the variability of internal pressure with the charge state or the charge time of the battery in the region of inflexion of this simulation function can be used to estimate the cycle life of batteries. The result shows that batteries with a smaller k value have a longer cycle life.
3D porous carbon encapsulated SnO2 nanoparticles composite (SnO2-PC) prepared by an efficient in situ methodology was applied as anode for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). It delivered a high reversible specific capacity of 280.1mAhg−1 after 250 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1, with ultrahigh capacity retention of 91.63%. Notably, it can Exhibit 100mAhg−1 after 1000 cycles even at a high current density of 1600mAg−1. These greatly enhanced electrochemical properties of SnO2-PC composite can be attributed to the superior structure that the electrical conductivity of the composite was improved by the porous carbon matrix, moreover, it can serve as a cushion during the process of Na ion insertion/extraction into the composite. Significantly, this kind of in situ synthesis method is portable for other similar composite.
The study investigated, with an adult sample, the hypothesis that differences between subtypes of ADHD on neuropsychological tests contribute to the poor separation of ADHD and healthy groups on tests of this kind. Groups of ADHD inattentive (n =16) and combined (n =16) subtypes were carefully identified using DSM-IV criteria, and their performance on 14 measures of attention, memory, and executive function (EF) was compared between subtypes and between the two subtypes combined and a group of healthy controls (n =30). Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences between the two subtypes, and between the two subtypes combined and the healthy controls. Importantly for the hypothesis, where differences for neuropsychological tests in terms of effect sizes between subtypes were largest, the differences in effect sizes between the two groups combined and controls were smallest (r =−0.64, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.87]).
A three-dimensional modelling approach is used to study the effects of operating and ambient conditions on the thermal behaviour of a NESSCAP 2.7V/3500F ultracapacitor cell for a 42-V automotive electrical system. The rate of heat generation of the ultracapacitor during charge and discharge is measured with a calorimeter. The transient temperature distribution of the ultracapacitor during cycling is obtained by using the finite element method with an implicit predictor-multicorrector algorithm. The results show that the temperature of the ultracapacitor cell increases during the first 50 cycles after which it reaches a periodic steady-state value that increases with increasing ambient temperature.
This study proposes an environment-friendly bioleaching process for recovery of metals from solders. Tin-copper (Sn-Cu), tin-copper-silver (Sn-Cu-Ag), and tin-lead (Sn-Pb) solders were used in the current study. The culture supernatant of Aspergillus niger removed metals faster than the culture supernatant of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Also, the metal removal by A. niger culture supernatant is faster for Sn-Cu-Ag solder as compared to other solder types. The effect of various process parameters such as shaking speed, temperature, volume of culture supernatant, and increased solder weight on bioleaching of metals was studied. About 99 (±1.75) % metal dissolution was achieved in 60 h, at 200-rpm shaking speed, 30 °C temperature, and by using 100-ml A. niger culture supernatant. An optimum solder weight for bioleaching was found to be 5 g/l. Addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl) in the bioleached solution from Sn-Cu-Ag precipitated tin (85 ± 0.35 %) and silver (80 ± 0.08 %), respectively. Passing of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas at pH 8.1 selectively precipitated lead (57.18 ± 0.13 %) from the Sn-Pb bioleached solution. The proposed innovative bioleaching process provides an alternative technology for recycling waste solders to conserve resources and protect environment.
Amorphous Silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) shows excellent electrochemical and cycling performance upon lithium intercalation, and is a promising anode material for future lithium-ion batteries. Carbon segregation is a unique molecular structure of SiCO and may plays a key role in its properties, a deep understanding of structure-performance relationship is crutial for reational design of SiCO anode. In this work, first principle calculations were used to investigate the effect of carbon segregation on performance of SiCyO6/5 as anode materials. Based on the calculations results, carbon segregation made small contribution on lithium capacity, while it stablized the whole system by forming three dimensional network, resulting in small volume expansion and stable mechanical properties. The theoretical capacities of SiCO with free carbon were obtained based on the most stable compositions of the lithiated structures, the predicted reversible capacities are comparable to the experimental data. The structure with higher carbon content presents larger Young's modulus during the whole lithiation process, and the saturation points of SiCyO6/5 can also be inferred from the Li content -Young's modulus curves.
Objective One of the most common brain abnormalities in preterm infants is thinning of the corpus calloisum (CC). Such injury may be partly explained by the vulnerability of the developing CC to hypoxic-ischemic damage and hemorrhage due to intrinsic vulnerability of immature oligodendrocytes. The CC is among the last structures to be completed during postnatal maturation. Several studies have shown a relation between the size of CC and motor outcome in preterm infants. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) offers new perspectives in cerebral imaging. Methods 43 preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks (wks) were included in this prospective study. With transfontanellar 3D-US measurements were done at 9 different time points (24–26 wks, 27–28 wks, 29–30 wks, 31–32 wks, 33–34 wks, 35–36 wks, 37–43 wks, 44–50 wks, 51–55 wks). Size of rostrum, corpus, splenium and length, circumference and surface area of the CC was assessed. Neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 5 years was analyzed by Kaufmann's Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI). Results By 3D US reference values for size, length, circumference and surface area of the CC at all different timepoints could be established. The data examined at corrected term age showed a significant correlation of corpus size of CC and visual motor integration (p=0.04) and of circumference and surface area of CC and simultanous processing scale (p=0.01) and mental processing composite (p=0.04) of K-ABC. A trend was seen for the correlation of surface area oft the CC and achievement scale of the K-ABC (p=0.08) and visual perception assessed by VMI (p=0.08). Conclusion Biometry of the CC in preterm infants can sufficiently be done by 3D US. Especially surface area of the CC at corrected term age correlates with later neurodevelopmental outcome.
In an earlier issue of Metal Powder Report we previewed the important International Conference on Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing that took place at the Nottingham Belfry Hotel, UK, in July 2014. Consulting Editor Kenneth J A Brookes delivers our comprehensive report on the Conference, which exceeded all expectations.
Objectives. To assess changes in cognitive functions in patients with ischemic heart disease before and after elective aortocoronary bypass (ACB). Materials and methods. A total of 192 patients took part in the study and were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 88 patients who underwent ACB using the standard method (SM) with extracorporeal circulation; group 2 consisted of 61 patients who received a differential methodology approach (DM) to selection of the method for ACB; the control group included 43 patients. Neurological testing was performed using the Mini Mental State Examination, the Frontal Assessment Battery, the clock drawing test, Schulte tables, the verbal associations test, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results and conclusions. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction was found to occur 3.2 times more frequently using SM ACB, while patients in the DM group showed a tendency to improved cognitive functions after surgery.
Transparent Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 thin films were prepared on transparent conducting oxide substrates via sol–gel dip coating technique. The resulting films were highly uniform and transparent after annealing at 600 °C and 400 °C for Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4, respectively. Different film thicknesses ranging from 50 nm to about 800 nm were attained and the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for evaluating the crystallization of the active materials. Ellipsometric porosimetry was used to measure the porosity of the anode material. Furthermore, electrochemical techniques such as cyclovoltametry and galvanostatic charging/discharging confirm the successful synthesis of electrochemically active LiMn2O4 and Li4Ti5O12 films. Single-layer electrodes show stable capacities at discharge rates up to 100C indicating the high rate capability and therefore and therefore are classified as materials for power. Furthermore, the electrochromic effects were observed for both thin-film systems and evaluated in preliminary tests.
The poor electronic and ionic conductivities restrict the application of Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) especially at high current rates. In this work, LZTO is modified with Li2ZrO3 (LZO) by simply reacting LiNO3 and Zr(NO3)4·5H2O on the surface of the as-prepared LZTO particles to improve the electrochemical performance. The modified LZTO with a LZO/LZTO mass ratio of 0.008 and sintered at 750 °C for 5 h exhibits greatly enhanced rate capabilities (acquiring reversible capacities of 196.1, 175.9, 154.9, 135.1, 109.8, and 223.6 mAh g−1 at 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 100 mA g−1, respectively), and outstanding long-term cyclability (retaining a capacity of 199.2 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g−1). On the basis of detailed characterizations on structure and composition as well as DFT calculations, the dispersed LZO nanoparticles and LZO coating bridge the LZTO particles to facilitate Li+ migration among the LZTO particles, while the superficial Zr4+ doping in LZTO promotes electron transfer, resulting in the simultaneously ameliorated electronic and ionic conductivities of LZTO, as well as alleviated polarization.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) interleaved between the layers of crystalline oxides of V and Mo is discussed with special emphasis on their application potential as electrodes for rechargeable Li batteries and supercapacitors. The expansion of the interlayer spacing of crystalline oxides (for example, V2O5 causes expansion from 0.43 to 1.41nm) is consistent with a random layer stacking structure. These hybrid nanocomposites when coupled with a large-area Li foil electrode in 1M LiClO4 in a mixture of ethylene and dimethylcarbonate (1:1, v/v), give enhanced discharge capacity compared to pristine oxides. For example a discharge capacity of ∼350mAhg−1, in the potential range 4.2–2.1V (versus Li+/Li) is obtained for PEDOT–V2O5 hybrid which is significantly large compared to that for simple Li-intercalated V2O5. The improvement of electrochemical performance compared with that of pristine oxides is attributed to higher electric conductivity, enhanced bi-dimensionality and increased structural disorder. Although these conducting polymer-oxide hybrids delivered more than 300mAhg−1 in the potential range 1.3–4.3V, their cycle life needs further improvements to realize their commercial potential. Similarly, the double layer capacitance of MoO3 increases from ∼40mFg−1 to ∼300Fg−1 after PEDOT incorporation in the interlayer gap of MoO3 under similar experimental conditions and the nanocomposite displays intriguing effects with respect to electrochemical Li+ insertion. The PEDOT–MoO3 nanocomposite appears to be a promising electrode material for non-aqueous type supercapacitors.
We investigated disease-specific cognitive profiles and their neural correlates in Lewy-body diseases (LBD) and tauopathies by CERAD assessment and FDG-PET. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between reduced semantic fluency in tauopathies and impaired verbal learning in LBD. Semantic fluency discriminated between groups with high accuracy (83%). Compared to LBD, tauopathy patients showed bilateral hypometabolism of midbrain, thalamus, middle cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor/premotor cortex. In the reverse contrast, LBD patients exhibited bilateral hypometabolism in posterior parietal cortex, precuneus and inferior temporal gyrus extending into occipital and frontal cortices. In diagnosis-independent voxel-based analyses, verbal learning/memory correlated with left temporal and right parietal metabolism, while fluency was coupled to bilateral striatal and frontal metabolism. Naming correlated with left frontal metabolism and drawing with metabolism in bilateral temporal and left frontal regions. In line with disease-specific patterns of regional glucose metabolism, tauopathies and LBD show distinct cognitive profiles, which may assist clinical differentiation.
An easy treatment based in carbon layer deposition into aluminium alloys is presented to enhance the performance of Al-air primary batteries with neutral pH electrolyte. The jellification of aluminate in the anode surface is described and avoided by the carbon covering. Treated commercial Al alloys namely Al1085 and Al7475 are tested as anodes achieving specific capacities above 1.2 Ah g−1 vs 0.5 Ah g−1 without carbon covering. The influence of the binder proportion in the treatment as well as different carbonaceous materials, Carbon Black, Graphene and Pyrolytic Graphite are evaluated as candidates for the covering. Current densities of 1–10 mA cm−2 are measured and the influence of the alloy explored. A final battery design of 4 cells in series is presented for discharges with a voltage plateau of 2 V and 1 Wh g−1 energy density.
Cablegation is a simple system for automating surface irrigation in small- and medium-sized fields using a gated pipe. In this work, a Programmable Logic Control, PLC, was used to develop an adaptive cablegation system capable of establishing the infiltration equation in real time and then adjusting the irrigation times to the infiltration rate and field geometry. A controlling program was developed for the on-field determination of the infiltration equation, simulation of advance in each furrow, and the optimization and management of the irrigation event. The equipment was tested in three experimental stations, including a Luvissol field organized in contour terraces with furrows of various lengths. The results demonstrate the capability of the system to adapt the application times to the different furrow lengths and the gradual decrease in the soil infiltration and to recommend an application depth that optimizes the Application Efficiency. Various improvements were made to this solar-powered cablegation, resulting in a reliable surface irrigation system capable of unsupervised operation.
The present paper focuses on the effect of reduced hydrogen stoichiometry on the dynamic behavior of a PEMFC directly hybridized with SC or non-hybridized, using the European standard cycling protocol (FC-DLC) for transport applications. Two gas stoichiometry factors have been considered, at 1.2 and 1.1. Whereas direct hybridization of a single cell enables to reduce the hydrogen overconsumption from 28% to 20% at hydrogen stoichiometry of 1.2, the overconsumption was further reduced to 10% by reducing the stoichiometry to 1.1. The durability of a single fuel cell has been investigated by comparing the long-term cycling operation depending on the hydrogen stoichiometric conditions, for both hybridized and non-hybridized fuel cell. The non-hybridized fuel cell, at hydrogen stoichiometry of 1.2, was operated for 687 h (end of life), whereas the non-hybridized fuel cell at 1.1, could not be operated due to the sudden, excessive voltage drop in the high current density period of the cycle. On the contrary, the hybridized fuel cell was successfully submitted to cycling for more than 1000 h at both conditions of hydrogen stoichiometry. The GDL appears to be responsible for the failure of non-hybridized fuel cell performance, whereas no particular degradation was evidenced with hybridized configurations. Finally, the technique has been successfully applied to a three-cell stack, with very comparable voltage profiles of the individual cells over the cycling protocol.
In this paper, the electrochemical performance of the pure LiVPO4F electrode is significantly improved by coating it with the conducting polyaniline via sol-gel method followed by a self-assembly process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the as-prepared sample crystallized in a triclinic LiVPO4F phase. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images show that the particle size of the composite is about hundreds of nanometer and the conducting layer of polyaniline is uniformly coated on the surface of LiVPO4F particles. Electrochemical tests reveal that the polyaniline-coated LiVPO4F composite exhibits superior capacity and cycle stability, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 149.3mAhg−1 at 0.1C in the voltage range of 3.0–4.5V. Even at high current rates, it can still present discharge capacities of 146.7, 140.1, 131.9 and 121.5mAhg−1 at 0.2, 1, 2 and 5C, respectively. The superior electrochemical performance of the electrode could be attributed to the uniform conducting polymer layer, which improves the electronic conductivity and Li-ions diffusion of LiVPO4F. Therefore, it can be drawn a conclusion that the remarkable electrochemical performance of the polyaniline-coated LiVPO4F makes this 4 V-class electrode a promising alternative for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
With the rapid development of lithium-ion battery technology in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, the lifetime of the battery cell increases substantially; however, the reliability of the battery pack is still inadequate. Because of the complexity of the battery pack, a reliability design method for a lithium-ion battery pack considering the thermal disequilibrium is proposed in this paper based on cell redundancy. Based on this method, a three-dimensional electric-thermal-flow-coupled model, a stochastic degradation model of cells under field dynamic conditions and a multi-state system reliability model of a battery pack are established. The relationships between the multi-physics coupling model, the degradation model and the system reliability model are first constructed to analyze the reliability of the battery pack and followed by analysis examples with different redundancy strategies. By comparing the reliability of battery packs of different redundant cell numbers and configurations, several conclusions for the redundancy strategy are obtained. More notably, the reliability does not monotonically increase with the number of redundant cells for the thermal disequilibrium effects. In this work, the reliability of a 6 × 5 parallel-series configuration is the optimal system structure. In addition, the effect of the cell arrangement and cooling conditions are investigated.