batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
There is still controversy whether adverse effects by genotoxic anthropogenic pollutants are linked to the decline of fish populations. Further investigations into the relationship between genotoxic stress and detrimental effects on development and reproduction in fish are required. For this end, zebrafish (F0 generation) were exposed in vivo to the alkylating model genotoxin methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) from fertilization to the age of 1 year. F0 fish were mated over 6 months to check for reproductive capacities. F1 fish grew up without exposure in order to allow for regeneration. Mortality of F0 fish depended on MMS concentrations. In MMS-exposed F0 fish, times of first spawning were delayed and fertility was reduced. Using the alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus test, significant genotoxic effects were found in the livers, gills and gonads of either sex in the F0 generation. No detrimental effects on growth were found. In F1 fish with parental exposure, teratogenic effects were increased, and larval survival was reduced. However, fertility capacities of the non-exposed F1 generation had recovered. Development and survival rates further recovered in the F2 generation. Anthropogenic genotoxicants may thus play a considerable role in the decline of wild fish populations.
We report three-dimensional (3D) freestanding electrodes based on edge-oriented multilayer graphene (EOG) foam loaded with oriented TiO2 (B) nanosheets for lithium ion battery that exhibits large capacity and extremely long cycling stability. In contrast to the commonly reported graphene/graphite foams (GFs) that consist of lateral graphene/graphite sheets, EOG foam, with perpendicular graphene network to fully expose the chemically active graphene edges, was developed as a better scaffold to support active materials. Orthogonally oriented TiO2(B) nanosheets were densely grown on the EOG foam but had straight channels for facile electrolyte access, thus producing a rationally-designed nanostructured architecture. Such a TiO2(B)/EOG freestanding electrode demonstrated large capacities and high-rate performance. Particularly, it exhibited unprecedented cycling stability with capacity retention of 82% after 12,000 charge–discharge (C–D) cycles. It is expected this new electrode architecture as well as the EOG foam will find broad applications in further development of high performance lithium ion batteries and other electrochemical energy technologies.
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the large-scale commercial application of high energy density ASSLB with the polymer electrolyte still faces challenges. In this study, a thin solid polymer composite electrolyte (SPCE) is prepared through a facile and cost-effective strategy with an infiltration of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), lithium salt (LiTFSI or LiFSI), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in a porous framework of polyethylene separator (PE) (TPU–HNTs–LiTFSI–PE or TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE). The composition, electrochemical performance, and especially the effect of anions (TFSI− and FSI−) on cycling performance are investigated. The results reveal that the flexible TPU–HNTs–LiTFSI–PE and TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE with a thickness of 34 μm exhibit wide electrochemical windows of 4.9 and 5.1 V (vs. Li+/Li) at 60 ℃, respectively. Reduction in FSI− tends to form more LiF and sulfur compounds at the interface between TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE and Li metal anode, thus enhancing the interfacial stability. As a result, cell composed of TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE exhibits a smaller increase in interfacial resistance of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with a distinct decrease in charge-transfer resistance during cycling. Li|Li symmetric cell with TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE could keep its stable overpotential profile for nearly 1300 h with a low hysteresis of approximately 39 mV at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2, while a sudden voltage rise with internal cell impedance-surge signals was observed within 600 h for cell composed of TPU–HNTs–LiTFSI–PE. The initial capacities of NCM|TPU–HNTs–LiTFSI–PE|Li and NCM|TPU–HNTs–LiFSI–PE|Li cells were 149 and 114 mAh g−1, with capacity retention rates of 83.52% and 89.99% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C, respectively. This study provides a valuable guideline for designing flexible SPCE, which shows great application prospect in the practice of ASSLB.
Prospection, the ability to engage in future-oriented thinking and decision making, begins to develop during the preschool years yet remains far from adult-like. One specific challenge for children of this age is with regard to thinking and reasoning about their future selves. Drawing from work indicating the importance of adult–child conversation in language and cognitive development, the current study examined the extent to which conversations about the future and the self may facilitate preschool-aged children’s prospective thinking. The participants, 4- and 5-year-old children (N = 68), were randomly assigned to read books surrounding one of four topics with an adult experimenter: their present self, their future self, another child’s present self, or another child’s future self. Children whose conversations were centered on their future selves outperformed other children in the sample on a battery of prospection assessments taken immediately after the manipulation. Of the three prospection assessments administered, the manipulation had the strongest effect on children’s prospective memories. Results are discussed in terms of the role that everyday conversation can play in fostering children’s cognitive development during the early childhood years.
Resumen Introducción y objetivo Los tests de memoria que incluyen una tarea de reconocimiento sí/no cuentan con sistemas de puntuación únicamente para el número total de ítems correctamente reconocidos. Sin embargo,muchos pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia tipo Alzheimer presentan una fuerte tendencia de respuestas «sí» en la tarea de reconocimiento, generando una tasa alta de palabras correctas y de falsas alarmas, ya que no son capaces de reconocer o discriminar los ítems distractores. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar el desempeño en memoria de reconocimiento utilizando un índice de discriminabilidad en una muestra de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve tipo amnésico (n = 45) y demencia tipo Alzheimer (n = 51), y compararlo con un grupo control (n = 43). Sujetos y métodos Todos los participantes fueron evaluados con la Prueba de aprendizaje verbal auditivo de Rey y una batería neuropsicológica extensa. Resultados El índice de discriminabilidad mostró que el grupo control tiene un mejor desempeño en la tarea de reconocimiento que los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia (p < 0,001). Aunque ambos grupos de pacientes tuvieron un bajo índice total y de falsas alarmas, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones Los resultados indican que el índice de discriminabilidad representa una medida útil para distinguir el desempeño en memoria de reconocimiento entre controles y pacientes. Se discuten los alcances de estos resultados en la práctica clínica y las teorías de memoria de reconocimiento como indicador de severidad del trastorno de memoria.
Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of carbendazim (CBZ), a commonly used pesticide was developed based on flake-like neodymium molybdate wrapped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Nd2Mo3O9/MWCNTs) composite. The Nd2Mo3O9/MWCNTs was prepared via a simple wet-chemical route, followed by a sonication process. In this composite system, flake-like Nd2Mo3O9 not only offers plentiful active sites, but also endows high specific surface area. Meanwhile, MWCNTs wrapping can effectively impede the aggregation tendency and enhance the structural stability of flake-like Nd2Mo3O9 as well as increase the conductivity of the composite. The Nd2Mo3O9/MWCNTs composites modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as electrochemical sensor displayed outstanding electrocatalytic activity towards the electroxidation of CBZ. Under the optimal operating conditions, the peak current was linearly related to the concentration of CBZ varying from 0.05 nM to 9.0 μM with a low detection limit of 0.016 nM. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully used to detect CBZ in paddy water samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.
Ordered porous cabon with a 2-D hexagonal structure, high specific surface area and large pore volume was synthesized through a two-step heating method using tri-block copolymer as template and phenolic resin as carbon precursor. The results indicated the electrochemical performance of the sulfur/carbon composites prepared with the ordered porous carbon was significantly affected by the pore structure of the carbon. Both the specific capacity and cycling stability of the sulfur/carbon composites were improved using the bimodal micro/meso-porous carbon frameworks with high surface area. Its initial discharge capacity can be as high as 1200 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 167.5 mA·g−1. The improved capacity retention was obtained during the cell cycling as well.
In a modern battery pack, the charge in the individual cells can diverge in time, leading to decreased capacity and reduced operating life of the pack. Charge balancing systems can be introduced to equalize the state of charge across the multiple cells, therefore increasing the performance of the battery pack. This work considers the dynamic performance of charge balancing systems, and through simulation explores how their ability to equalize the state of charge depends on the design of the underlying charge balancing network. The performance of the charge balancing system is described in terms of the rate at which the individual cells converge and the maximum cell voltage deviation in the pack. Specifically the performance of the charge balancing system is shown to correlate with graph theoretic properties of the underlying charge balancing network, including the diameter and spectral gap. Several different underlying charge balancing networks are considered, applied to an 8-cell pack, with two parallel strings of four cells in series.
Impaired inhibition of P50 cerebral evoked response is one of the best validated endophenotypes in schizophrenia. There are controversial data on the relationship between P50 evoked potential deficit and measures of cognitive function in schizophrenia. A comprehensive clinical and neurocognitive assessment plus an evaluation of P50 sensory gating was performed in 160 schizophrenia patients and 64 controls. Neurocognitive scores from each cognitive domain were converted to demographically-adjusted T-scores (age, gender, and years of education) for all study participants. The relationship between P50 and neurocognitive variables was assessed via parametric and nonparametric correlations and categorical strategies: we compared neuropsychological test scores in patients and controls in the lowest P50 quartile vs. the highest. Controls had better performance than schizophrenia patients in all cognitive domains. Schizophrenia patients had significantly higher P50 ratios than controls, and no significant correlation was found between P50 gating measures and neuropsychological test scores in schizophrenia patients or healthy controls. Moreover, no differences in neurocognitive performance were found between subjects in the lowest P50 ratio quartile vs. the highest in healthy controls or patients with schizophrenia. We concluded that there is no evidence of an association between P50 ratio and cognitive measures in schizophrenia patients, and this seems to be also the case in healthy controls.
A series of Li2ZnTi3-x Ce x O8 (x =0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) anode materials have been synthesized via a facile solid-state method. XRD shows that the dopant Ce ions cannot completely enter the Li2ZnTi3O8 lattice and an impurity phase CeO2 appears in the three doped materials. The Li2ZnTi3-x Ce x O8 (x =0.05) sample exhibits the best rate capability among all the as-prepared samples, indicating its appropriate amount of Ce ions modification. The initial discharge specific capacities delivered by Li2ZnTi3-x Ce x O8 (x =0.05) are 317.6, 227.8, 210.4, 197.3, 187.7 and 181.1mAhg−1 at 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20C, respectively, and a reversible capacity of 132.7mAhg−1 can be retained after 500 cycles at 10C with a capacity retention of 68.9%. The doping of Ce4+ can increase the intrinsic Li+ diffusion coefficient and CeO2 scattering on the surface of Li2ZnTi3O8 is beneficial to improve the extrinsic electronic conductivity. The synergistic effect is probably responsible for the excellent electrochemical performance of Li2ZnTi3-x Ce x O8 (x =0.05).
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a stabilizer is a hydrogen generation source with high hydrogen storage efficiency and stability. It generates hydrogen by self-hydrolysis in aqueous solution. In this work, a Co–B catalyst is prepared on a porous nickel foam support and a system is assembled that can uniformly supply hydrogen at >6.5Lmin−1 for 120min for driving 400-W polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). For optimization of the system, several experimental conditions were changed and their effect investigated. If the concentration of NaBH4 in aqueous solution is increased, the hydrogen generation rate increases, but a high concentration of NaBH4 causes the hydrogen generation rate to decrease because of increased solution viscosity. The hydrogen generation rate is also enhanced when the flow rate of the solution is increased. An integrated system is used to supply hydrogen to a PEMFCs stack, and about 465W power is produced at a constant loading of 30A.
The physical properties and electrochemical performance of two kinds of commercialized LiFePO4 (hereafter abbreviated as LFP) were analyzed. And the cycle stability of the two kinds of material in the 18,650 type lithium ion cells was measured at different charge cut-off voltage (3.65,3.8,4.0 and 4.2V). The two kinds of material showed remarkable difference. One has good cycle stability but another encounters serious failure problem at high charge cut-off voltage (4.2V). Results showed that the impurities containing iron atom in the raw material and formed during the charge–discharge cycles are the main reasons of the failure mechanism. The impurities were reduced on the graphite surface and iron dendrite formed gradually, which may penetrate through the separator and results in the inner short circuit of the cells.
Zinc–air batteries have been proposed for EV applications and large-scale electricity storage such as wind and solar power. Although zinc-air batteries are very promising, there are numerous technological barriers to overcome. We demonstrate for the first time, a new rechargeable zinc-air battery that utilizes a molten Li0.87Na0.63K0.50CO3 eutectic electrolyte with added NaOH. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that a reversible deposition/dissolution of zinc occurs in the molten Li0.87Na0.63K0.50CO3 eutectic. At 550 °C, this zinc-air battery performs with a coulombic efficiency of 96.9% over 110 cycles, having an average charging potential of ∼1.43 V and discharge potential of ∼1.04 V. The zinc-air battery uses cost effective steel and nickel electrodes without the need for any precious metal catalysts. Moreover, the molten salt electrolyte offers advantages over aqueous electrolytes, avoiding the common aqueous alkaline electrolyte issues of hydrogen evolution, Zn dendrite formation, “drying out”, and carbonate precipitation.
The current study examines the effects of chronic administration of nicotine on motor behavior after focal stroke in rats. Animals were trained in a tray-reaching task for 2weeks and then they were divided into: (1) control+saline (2) control+nicotine (3) stroke+saline, and (4) stroke+nicotine groups. Lesions were produced by devascularization of the surface blood vessels of the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the forepaw used for reaching. Forty-eight hours after the lesions, and for a total of 12days, animals received two daily injections of either nicotine (0.3mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). Animals were tested in a motor battery 1week after the lesions and every other week for a total of 7weeks. Pyramidal cells in forelimb and cingulate areas were then examined for dendritic length and branching using a Golgi–Cox procedure. Behavioral results demonstrated that by the end of the testing stroke+nicotine animals showed significant behavioral improvement relative to stroke+saline animals. Stroke+nicotine animals showed an increase in dendritic length and branching in pyramidal cells of the forelimb and cingulate areas. The results suggest that the behavioral enhancement in the stroke+nicotine group might be attributable to the enhanced dendritic growth in residual cortical motor regions.
Lithium-containing NASICON-structured materials are a promising class of solid-state Li-ion conductors for application in electrochemical energy storage devices. Amongst the wide variety of possible compositions the highest conductivities are reported for materials according to the formula Li 1 + x M x ( III ) M 2 − x ( IV ) ( PO 4 ) 3 , in which the substitution of tetravalent with trivalent metal cations leads to incorporation of additional lithium ions and a higher mobility of the charge carriers. For this study, we surveyed more than 300 research articles about Li-NASICON materials. The relations between composition, structure and conductivity are evaluated to give a comprehensive overview of published data on synthesized compositions. A special focus is laid on Li1+xAlxTi2-x (PO4)3 as the single most conductive and investigated material. The collected conductivities show a wide scattering in a range of 10-10 S cm-1 up to 10-3 S cm-1. The highest values are obtained for materials with M(III) to M(IV) cation ratios of x = 0.3–0.4. Further characteristics for high conductivity are evaluated and the rhombohedral structure as well as cation sizes of around 50–60 p.m. are identified as crucial prerequisites, favoring titanium-based compositions. Considering the evaluated data, selected compositions are suggested for further investigation to support future research.
Battery-supercapacitor hybrid (BSH) devices are regarded as promising energy storage systems to accomplish remarkable electrochemical properties with high energy and power performances. In this work, mixed Co-Cd selenide (Co-Cd-Se) nanorods are fabricated on nickel foam via a two-step hydrothermal route. The obtained selenide shows a specific capacity of 124 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 20 A g−1, and 95.3% capacity retention can be obtained after cycling 1000 times at 2 A g−1. This excellent performance suggests its potential application as a superior cathode in BSH systems. By paring the prepared Co-Cd-Se cathode with a carbon-coated Fe nanoparticle anode, an alkaline aqueous BSH system is assembled, which shows high energy/power density with good cycling stability. Two cells in series can easily light a light-emitting diode lamp brightly, further demonstrating the high energy storage capability of the prepared Co-Cd-Se mixed selenide material.
Spinel-type Cr-doped LiCryMn2 − yO4 (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2) electrode materials were prepared via a sol–gel route starting with lithium acetate, manganese acetate and chromium nitrate as raw materials and citric acid as chelating agent. The phase structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Electrochemical performances of the LiCryMn2 − yO4 electrodes in 5 M LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods. Electrochemical results showed that Cr-doping could markedly improve the high-rate charge/discharge cyclability of the LiMn2O4 electrode in 5 M LiNO3 aqueous solution.
S-doped graphene oxide hybrid nanosheets are prepared by a facile in situ-polymerization method. The electrochemical performance is evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques and impedance spectroscopy in 2 M KOH. As an electroactive material, it exhibits good capacitive performance in alkali aqueous electrolyte, high specific capacitance (up to 296 F g−1) at a current density of 0.3 A g−1, which is calculated via charge/discharge curve in three electrode systems. The electrical conductivity is also measured. More importantly, over 91.86% of the long-term stability is retained after repeating the galvanostatic charge/discharge over 4000 cycles. Furthermore, larger energy density (up to 148 W h kg−1 at a power density of 41.6 W kg−1) of the GO-TB-based three-electrode device is obtained with alkali aqueous electrolytes.
Recent developments for disseminating and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) have emphasized the importance of increasing therapists’ knowledge of such techniques. However, systematic efforts to measure knowledge in therapists serving youth have mostly relied on poorly researched study-specific measures. This study investigated the structure of EBP knowledge in a large sample of youth community therapists (N = 240) via a therapist report instrument emphasizing therapeutic commonalities across various types of treatment approaches. Findings supported a three-factor structure of knowledge with scores on factors varying by therapists’ primary practice setting and education level. The relationships between therapist knowledge of and attitudes towards EBPs are also discussed.
Here, we report hybrid solid polymer electrolytes (HSPE) obtained by rapid, truly solvent-free, thus scalable preparation process. HSPE composition is very simple: a LiTFSI added poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer matrix encompassing NASICON-type Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) super Li+ ion conducting ceramic. Homogeneous, self-standing, mechanically robust solid electrolyte films are obtained by simply mixing in “one pot” and hot pressing the solid mixture of dry powders at moderate temperature. Noteworthy, unlike several other super ionic conductors used for composite electrolytes, LAGP is relatively stable in air atmosphere and can be processed in a dry-room, which is more favorable, cheap and scalable than Ar-filled dry glove box for industrial fabrication of safe lithium batteries. The proper, homogeneous mixing of LAGP powder, PEO and LiTFSI leads to HSPE with interesting electrochemical behavior in lab-scale lithium cells, especially under high current regimes, and even at ambient temperature. HSPE-based cells outperform the PEO-LiTFSI-based counterpart, in terms of specific capacity output (about 70% of the theoretical value retained at very high 2C rate), limited fading and excellent Coulombic efficiency (>99.5%) even at low rate. Interfacial stability issues remain to be solved, chiefly linked to the reactivity of LAGP in contact with lithium metal, but results here proposed represent a step further toward truly all-solid-state batteries conceived for high energy/power technologies, assuring safety and performance in a wide range of operating conditions.
Three different time-dependent lumped battery models are presented, using a limited set of only either three or four fitting parameters. The models all include one linear (resistive), one non-linear (kinetic) and one time-dependent element, the latter describing the diffusive processes in the battery. The voltage predictive capabilities of the models versus experimental dynamic load data for a plug-in hybrid vehicle battery are compared. It is shown that models based on a diffusion equation in an idealized particle perform similarly to a model based on an RC (resistive-capacitor) pair. In addition, by exchanging the RC element by a diffusion equation in an idealized particle it is also shown that it is possible to reduce the number of needed fitting parameters by one.