batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The Li4Ti5O12/activated graphene nanoplatelets (Li4Ti5O12/a-GNPs) composites are prepared via a low-cost, green, one-pot hydrothermal process by using LiOH both as lithium source and activating agent for the first time. The LiOH solution concentration and hydrothermal time are optimized to obtain the pure Li4Ti5O12/a-GNPs. The synergistic effects of the nanosized Li4Ti5O12 and the three-dimensional porous a-GNPs endow the composites with convenient lithium ion diffusion channels and efficiently conductive structures for electron and ion transport. As anticipated, the Li4Ti5O12/a-GNPs deliver an outstanding rate capability of 125 and 113 mA h g−1 at 80 and 100 C, respectively, and an excellent cycling stability with 90.21% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 10 C. These results are much better than those of the Li4Ti5O12/GNPs and pure Li4Ti5O12, demonstrating Li4Ti5O12/a-GNPs are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries of high current density applications.
Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates some sample systems from a practical perspective by relating the inner workings of a processor to tangible functionality in the system. It examines an automotive driver assistance application to evaluate the way video-based lane departure warning system can utilize a media framework. The implementation of a JPEG algorithm, which contains a lot of the key elements of more complex image and video codecs, is reviewed. This is followed by a discussion outlining how an MPEG-2 video encoder algorithm can be partitioned efficiently across a dual-core processor. Finally, the porting of open-source C code to the Blackfin processor environment is analyzed. With the dozens of processors controlling every aspect of contemporary automobiles, not a single aspect of the “vehicle experience” remains untouched by technology. Whether it is climate control, engine control or entertainment, there has been constant evolution in capabilities and manufacturer offerings over the past decade. Most current safety features utilize a wide array of sensors—most involving microwaves, infrared light, lasers, or acceleration and position detection—but recently processors have emerged that can meet the real-time video requirements that make image processing a viable safety technology.
Both silicon and tin have a high specific capacity (3600 mAh g−1 for Li15Si4 and 992 mAh g−1 for Li22Sn5 respectively) and are among the most attractive materials for potential negative electrodes in lithium ion batteries. However, mechanical degradation induced by the large volume expansion during the cycling has limited their practical application. In this work, we developed a new class of Si–Sn nanocomposites with unique phase-separated nanostructure, where the amorphous Si nanoparticles are thermodynamically precipitated out from Si–Sn alloy and embedded within the Sn matrix. The phase separation-induced nanostructure provides the capability to mitigate the mechanical degradation, by preventing the nucleation and propagation of microcracks during lithiation. The nanocomposite electrode exhibits relative high capacity (1400 mAh g−1) and excellent cycling stability with the optimum composition and nanostructure.
Ten different substituted structurally related linear and cyclic carbonates were synthesized and investigated as electrolyte solvents for lithium-ion cells. Synthesis of the compounds, mainly silyl carbonates, was carried out via catalytic CO2 addition, nucleophilic substitution or hydrosilylation. Besides the ten synthesized compounds a binary mixture of a cyclic and linear silyl carbonate, propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and a binary mixture thereof were analyzed as a function of molar lithium ((bistrifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) imide LiTFSI ratio in order to develop a structure-property relationship. The extrapolation of the temperature-dependent ionic conductivities using Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation revealed a solvent assisted ionic transport mechanism. The strength of interaction between the lithium-ion and the respective carbonates was investigated via 13C and 29Si NMR measurements by the change of the chemical shift upon LiTFSI addition. The results show that the interaction of the lithium ion with the cyclic carbonates is much stronger compared to the linear ones and varies among the different substituents. These findings were in good accordance with ionicities represented by the Walden product. The diffusivities of Li+ and TFSI− were determined via Pulsed Field Gradient STimulated Echo (PGSTE)-NMR. The hydrodynamic radii calculated thereof demonstrate the superior coordination ability of the cyclic carbonates as compared to linear structures. Furthermore, Haven ratios indicate rather different dissociation abilities of different carbonate solvents, depending on the structural fragment of the solvents.
Efforts to develop neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson disease (PD) are focusing on the early stages of disease, which offer the best opportunity to intervene. Early PD can be divided into preclinical, prodromal and clinical stages; in this Review, we focus on the prodromal stage and markers that can be used to identify prodromal PD. We consider the necessary properties of a marker, before providing an overview of the proven and potential markers of prodromal PD, including clinical nonmotor markers, clinical motor markers, neuroimaging markers and tissue biomarkers. Markers for which the ability to predict conversion to PD is supported by the strongest evidence include olfactory loss, REM sleep behaviour disorder and constipation. Markers with the highest diagnostic strength include REM sleep behaviour disorder, dopaminergic imaging and subtle motor parkinsonism. The lead time — the period between the appearance of a marker and conversion to PD — is highly variable between markers, ranging from 5 years for impaired motor performance to >20 years for autonomic symptoms. The cost of screening for these markers also varies dramatically: some require just questionnaires, whereas others require sophisticated scanning techniques. Finally, we summarize how prodromal and risk markers can be combined to estimate the probability that an individual has prodromal PD, with a focus on the International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) Prodromal Parkinson Criteria.
We report on the preparation of the three dimensional (3D) network structure CuO by rapid and facile engraving method and their application as high rate anode for sodium ion battery. The CuO is rapidly synthesized by in-situ etched and oxidated the specified Cu foils within 15 min. It shows the 3D network architecture with flower-like nanosheets connected by nanowires, which provides the porous structure, short ion diffusion pathway and collaborative electronic transmission. Furthermore, the etched CuO can be directly used as anode for sodium ion battery without polymer additions or conductive agents. The electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 680 mAh·g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a reversible capacity of 280 mAh·g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. In addition, the electrochemical reaction and detail charge/discharge process are carefully explored to discover the conversion reaction routes and the recession reason. Thus, the 3D network structure CuO might open an insight for transition-metal oxides as energy storage materials.
Objective Treatment for localized prostate carcinoma (PCa) is frequently associated with decrements in sexual functioning and satisfaction. Given the highly interpersonal nature of these decrements, interpersonal problems (such as interpersonal sensitivity) may affect recovery of sexual functioning after PCa treatment through interference with physician and partner communication and through distorted cognitions surrounding sexual dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on several treatment indicators, including response to a group-based psychosocial intervention. Methods Participants were 101 older men recovering from radical prostatectomy who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a 10-week group-based cognitive–behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention. Measures included the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems and the sexual functioning subscale of the University of California-Los Angeles quality-of-life measure. Results At baseline, interpersonal sensitivity was related to a belief linking sexual dysfunction to core male identity (r=.29, P<.05). Using hierarchical regression, we found that (a) the CBSM intervention was effective in promoting sexual recovery in all participants, and (b) this effect was moderated by interpersonal sensitivity, such that individuals with higher levels of interpersonal sensitivity made larger improvements in sexual functioning in response to CBSM. Conclusions CBSM was effective in improving sexual function after radical prostatectomy. Individuals with higher levels of interpersonal sensitivity were more likely to perceive sexual dysfunction as a threat to masculine identity and made larger gains in the CBSM intervention. Results and relevance to the older male cancer patients are discussed from the perspective of interpersonal theory.
The low rate (C/33) discharge data obtained from a calendar life study were numerically analyzed with a single particle model. The simulation showed that the stoichiometric window for the cathode shrank with capacity fade. The change of the stoichiometric window for the anode was more complicated. The aged anode became less charged when the capacity fade was caused mostly by the loss of cyclable lithium ions. The anode would be charged to a higher stoichiometric number (or state of charge, SOC) when the capacity fade became controlled by the loss of active material in the anode.
The al-Andalus physical activity intervention study is a randomised control trial to investigate the effectiveness of a land- and water-based exercise intervention for reducing the overall impact of fibromyalgia (primary outcome), and for improving tenderness and pain-related measures, body composition, functional capacity, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, fatigue, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, and cognitive function (secondary outcomes) in women with fibromyalgia.
Asymmetric supercapacitor is constructed using hierarchical porous electrode materials of nickel oxide and carbon with the aim to facilitate ion transport. Hierarchical porous nickel oxide and carbon are prepared by template-directed synthesis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charging–discharging are used to test the asymmetric supercapacitor and investigate the electrode processes at different supercapacitor voltages. The capacitance, energy density and power density of the asymmetric supercapacitor can be improved by elevating the supercapacitor voltage, and its cycling stability decays at high voltage, but the columbic efficiency stays close to 100%.
The discovery of the ability of microorganisms to exchange electrons with inert electrodes has triggered new areas in fundamental and applied research. However, the field is currently limited to several known electrochemically active microorganisms enriched and isolated in research laboratories. An alternative strategy is to enrich such microorganisms in their native environment by allowing them to exchange electrons with polarized solid electrodes. The use of this approach is currently limited because of a lack of available tools. We developed a low-cost, battery-operated potentiostat that is capable of controlling the potential of a working electrode and can be deployed and operated remotely, allowing the enrichment of microorganisms on electrodes in their native environment. The device was tested in four alkaline hot springs in Heart Lake Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park (with a temperature ranging from 45 οC to 91 οC and a relatively constant pH of 8.5–8.7). Microbial community analysis showed a change in microbial community structure after 32 days of polarization. The impact of polarization on microbial community was most substantial on the electrodes that generated the highest cathodic and anodic currents, suggesting a direct impact of polarization on electrode microbial community.
The initial stages of Sn and Sn–Cu electrodeposition from Sn–citrate and Sn–Cu–citrate solutions on Pt were studied using both current-controlled and potential-controlled electrochemical techniques. For both Sn–citrate and Sn–Cu–citrate solutions, when the current density is controlled to lower than 15mA/cm2, potentials remain almost constant which is appropriate to plate dense and uniform films. When the current density is controlled to between 25 and 35mA/cm2, potentials drop quickly initially, followed by a gradual increase to a constant value. When current density is controlled to higher than 50mA/cm2, potential oscillation happens, and significant hydrogen evolution prevents the formation of dense and continuous Sn and Sn–Cu films. A constant transition time constant indicates a diffusion-controlled process. The diffusion coefficient calculated from the Sand equation is about 3.8×10−6 cm2/s for the Sn–citrate solution and 4.1×10−6 cm2/s for the Sn–Cu–citrate solution. The morphology of both Sn and Sn–Cu deposits plated under different potentials was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the distribution of each element were analyzed using Auger imaging. Analysis of both the electrochemical results at −0.72, −1.1 and −1.5V and AFM images for both Sn and Sn–Cu deposits at −1.1 and −1.5V suggested progressive nucleation controlled by diffusion for both Sn and Sn–Cu electrodeposition. Tin reacted with Pt to form PtSn4, and co-deposited with Cu to form Cu6Sn5 during nucleation, with more Sn forming at higher applied potentials.
There are no studies that have assessed the oral soft tissue response to full-mouth ultrasonic scaling (FMUS) among cigarette-smokers (CS) (group 1), individuals vaping electronic-cigarettes (E-cigs) (group 2), and never-smokers (NS) (group 3). The aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on periodontal tissues following FMUS.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is more prevalent in women. The increased risk of AD in women is not well understood. It is well established that there are sex differences in metabolism and that metabolic alterations are an early component of AD. We utilized a cross-species approach to evaluate conserved metabolic alterations in the serum and brain of human AD subjects, two AD mouse models, a human cell line, and two Caenorhabditis elegans AD strains. We found a mitochondrial complex I-specific impairment in cortical synaptic brain mitochondria in female, but not male, AD mice. In the hippocampus, Polβ haploinsufficiency caused synaptic complex I impairment in male and female mice, demonstrating the critical role of DNA repair in mitochondrial function. In non-synaptic, glial-enriched, mitochondria from the cortex and hippocampus, complex II-dependent respiration increased in female, but not male, AD mice. These results suggested a glial upregulation of fatty acid metabolism to compensate for neuronal glucose hypometabolism in AD. Using an unbiased metabolomics approach, we consistently observed evidence of systemic and brain metabolic remodeling with a shift from glucose to lipid metabolism in humans with AD, and in AD mice. We determined that this metabolic shift is necessary for cellular and organismal survival in C. elegans, and human cell culture AD models. We observed sex-specific, systemic, and brain metabolic alterations in humans with AD, and that these metabolite changes significantly correlate with amyloid and tau pathology. Among the most significant metabolite changes was the accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate in AD, an inhibitor of hexokinase and rate-limiting metabolite for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Overall, we identified novel mechanisms of glycolysis inhibition, PPP, and tricarboxylic acid cycle impairment, and a neuroprotective augmentation of lipid metabolism in AD. These findings support a sex-targeted metabolism-modifying strategy to prevent and treat AD.
Integrating wind power into an existing power system poses technical challenges including optimal wind turbine selection, determining an adequate penetration level and maintaining power system stability. This study addresses these challenges for proposed sites in Trinidad and Tobago. Two wind regimes were considered, their average wind speeds extrapolated to 75m were respectively 5.3ms−1 and 9.1ms−1. A wind turbine based on computed Capacity Factors (CF) of respectively 28.09% and 73.29% was selected for the sites. Appropriate wind power penetration levels were determined by applying the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique to generate probabilistic indices. Wind power penetration levels of 1% (15MW) and 2% (30MW) of total generation capacity were considered appropriate. Transient simulations were conducted in CYMSTAB to evaluate the impact of the Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) on the power system stability. Frequency, voltage and rotor angle stability were assessed. Frequency deviations from nominal increased proportionally with the number of WTGs connected. The sites׳ wind speed characteristics significantly influenced the active and reactive power generation capabilities of the WTGs, impacting the voltage profile and angular separation. In all simulation cases, the power system remained stable.
Composite polymer electrolytes composed of a hyperbranched poly[bis(triethylene glycol)benzoate] with terminal acetyl groups, LiN(CF3SO2)2 as a lithium salt, and an inert ceramic filler such as α-LiAlO2 or γ-LiAlO2 were prepared by solvent casting method. Addition of an appropriate amount of the fillers to fully amorphous pristine polymer electrolytes led to an increase in ionic conductivities and lithium ion transference numbers. All composite polymer electrolytes exhibited good compatibility with a lithium metal electrode, and also, addition of fillers improved their mechanical performance. The α-LiAlO2 filler was effective for improving the electrochemical compatibility with a lithium metal electrode, and the γ-LiAlO2 filler was effective for enhancing the mechanical properties of the pristine polymer electrolytes.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is commonly used in the health assessment of wind turbines. The system is installed during construction of the structure and consists of wired sensors connected to a central data acquisition unit via cables. In most cases, the data acquisition unit is located on the wind turbine itself. SHM is verified by comparison of results over time from wireless sensor systems. This study presents the Supervised Event Server Health Monitoring System (SESHMS) as a relatively simple, economical wireless system for use within the arena of structural health assessment.
Abstract In order to improve and optimize food traceability, it is highly recommended to start implementing a real-time tracking and remote monitoring at some stage. Wireless sensor technologies have been proven of high value due to their remote communications when retrieving data was not possible in a traditional way. The implementations of the Internet of Things (IoT) will provide intelligence to the traceability system that, combined with the most recent advancements, such as Near Field Communication (NFC) tags and temperature estimation methods, can create solid and reliable food traceability. All these concepts have to be applied to the cold chain, where most of the goods transported or stored are characterized by a limited shelf life, and the intensive control can lead to money savings. There are still many limitations and challenges, but it is shown in this chapter how real-time tracking and remote monitoring can reveal, in many cases, unseen issues, reduce undesired situations, reduce handling of goods, and reduce food waste.
Micro-hybrid electric vehicles were launched by BMW in March 2007. These are equipped with brake energy regeneration (BER) and the automatic start and stop function (ASSF) of the internal combustion engine. These functions are based on common 14V series components and lead-acid (LA) batteries. The novelty is given by the intelligent onboard energy management, which upgrades the conventional electric system to the micro-hybrid power system (MHPS). In part I of this publication the key factors for the operation of LA batteries in the MHPS are discussed. Especially for BER one is high dynamic charge acceptance (DCA) for effective boost charging. Vehicle rest time is identified as a particular negative parameter for DCA. It can be refreshed by regular fully charging at elevated charge voltage. Thus, the batteries have to be outstandingly robust against overcharge and water loss. This can be accomplished for valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries at least if they are mounted in the trunk. ASSF goes along with frequent high-rate loads for warm cranking. The internal resistance determines the drop of the power net voltage during cranking and is preferably low for reasons of power net stability even after years of operation. Investigations have to be done with aged 90Ah VRLA–absorbent glass mat (AGM) batteries. Battery operation at partial state-of-charge gives a higher risk of deep discharging (overdischarging). Subsequent re-charging then is likely to lead to the formation of micro-short circuits in the absorbent glass mat separator.
Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources, but is intermittent by its nature. The study of efficient thermal heat storage technologies is of fundamental importance for the development of solar power systems. This work focuses on a robust mathematical model of a Latent Heat Storage (LHS) system constituted by a storage tank containing Phase Change Material spheres. The model, developed in EES environment, provides the time-dependent temperature profiles for the PCM and the heat transfer fluid flowing in the storage tank, and the energy and exergy stored as well. A case study on the application of the LHS technology is also presented. The operation of a solar power plant associated with a latent heat thermal storage and an ORC unit is simulated under dynamic (time-varying) solar radiation conditions with the software TRNSYS. The performance of the proposed plant is simulated over a one week period, and the results show that the system is able to provide power in 78.5% of the time, with weekly averaged efficiencies of 13.4% for the ORC unit, and of 3.9% for the whole plant (from solar radiation to net power delivered by the ORC expander).
Hydrated vanadates are promising layered cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their specific capacity as high as 400 mA h g−1; however, the structural instability causes serious cycling degradation through repeated intercalation/deintercalation reactions. This study reveals the chemically inserted Mn(II) cations act as structural pillars, expand the interplanar spacing, connect the adjacent layers and partially reduce pentavalent vanadium cations to tetravalent. The expanded interplanar spacing to 12.9 Å reduces electrostatic interactions, and transition metal cations collectively promote and catalyze fast and more zinc ion intercalation at higher discharge current densities with much enhanced reversibility and cycling stability. Manganese expanded hydrated vanadate (MnVO) delivers a specific capacity of 415 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and 260 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 92% over 2000 cycles. The energy efficiency increases from 41% for hydrated vanadium pentoxide (VOH) to 70% for MnVO at 4 A g−1 and the open circuit voltage remains at 85% of the cutoff voltage in the MnVO battery on the shelf after 50 days. Expanded hydrated vanadate with other transition metal cations for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries is also obtained, suggesting it is a general strategy for exploiting high-performance cathodes for multi-valent ion batteries.