batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective To establish a comprehensive profile of cognitive functioning in people engaged in lower limb amputation (LLA) rehabilitation. Design Cross-sectional study as part of a longitudinal prospective cohort. Setting A national tertiary rehabilitation hospital. Participants Adult volunteer participants (N=87) referred for comprehensive rehabilitation for major LLA were sampled from 207 consecutive admissions. Participants with both vascular (n=69) and nonvascular (n=18) LLA etiologies were included. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Demographic and health information and a battery of standardized neuropsychological assessments. Results Compared to normative data, impairment was evident in overall cognitive functioning (P≤.003). Impairment was also evident in particular areas, including reasoning, psychomotor function, information processing, attention, memory, language/naming, visuospatial functions, and executive functions (all P≤.003 Holm-corrected). There were also higher frequencies of impaired functions across most aspects of functioning in this group compared with expected frequencies in normative data (P≤.003 Holm-corrected). There were no significant differences in cognitive functioning between participants of vascular and nonvascular LLA etiology. Conclusions Findings support the need for cognitive screening at rehabilitation admission regardless of etiology. Administration of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment with a battery sensitive to vascular cognitive impairment is recommended in some cases to generate an accurate and precise understanding of relative strengths and weaknesses in cognitive functioning. Cognitive functioning is a potential intervention point for improvement of rehabilitation outcomes for those with LLA, and further research is warranted in this area.
ABSTRACT A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energy-sharing inter-grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy-management system (EMS)-controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro-grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug-and-play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of ① dispatch, ② smoothing, and ③ mitigation. A risk-limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fluctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed.
This study was conducted to clarify the size of the home range and movement distance of juvenile black-faced spoonbills from post-fledging until fall migration using a Global Positioning System (GPS)-wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA)-based telemetry system along the west coast of South Korea. The home range of juvenile black-faced spoonbills (n = 3) was 45.2 km2 in size and the core area consisted of 8.4 km2 within the Baeksu mudflat, Yeonggwang, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. Mean weekly movement distances were not significantly different (Kruskal–Wallis test, Z = 3.47, P = 0.18) among individuals, ranging from 0.1 to 23.9 km during the study period. The home range and movement of juvenile black-faced spoonbills were related to intertidal areas, especially to their use as feeding areas.
High capacity, stable Fe3O4/Fe nanocomposites for Li-ion battery anodes were manufactured via heat-treating Fe3O4–C (amorphous) nanoparticles that were made via a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) reactor. Compared to analogous Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the Fe3O4/Fe nanocomposite anodes (vs. Li/Li+), displayed a high specific capacity of ca. 390 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, at a modest current rate of 200 mA g−1 (at the highest Fe metal content). The performance of the Fe3O4/Fe materials at higher current rates was also excellent (ca. 260 mAh g−1 at the highest current rate of 2000 mA g−1), which confirms that the presence of Fe metallic particles can significantly improve cycling stability of Li-ion battery anodes by retaining structural metal oxide integrity.
The trending integrations of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS, stationary battery) and Electric Vehicles (EV, mobile battery) to distribution grids call for advanced Demand Side Management (DSM) technique that addresses the scalability concerns of the system and stochastic availabilities of EVs. Towards this goal, a stochastic DSM is proposed to capture the uncertainties in EVs. Numerical approximation is then used to make the problem tractable. To accelerate the computational speed, the proposed DSM is tightly relaxed to a convex form using second-order cone programming. Furthermore, in light of the continuous increasing problem size, a distributed method with a guaranteed convergence is applied to shift the centralized computational burden to distributed controllers. To verify the proposed DSM, real-life EV data collected on UCLA campus is used to test the proposed DSM in an IEEE benchmark test system. Numerical results demonstrate the correctness and merits of the proposed approach.
Zinc-copper citrate porous, yolk-shell and hollow microspheres are controllably produced via a facile electrostatic interplay between zinc citrate solid microspheres and copper sulphate solution with controllable concentration. By calcination of the firstly acquired zinc-copper citrate precursors in inert atmosphere, the corresponding ZnO-Cu-C porous, yolk-shell and hollow hybrid microspheres are synthesized. When adopted as the electrode materials for lithium ion batteries, the produced ZnO-Cu-C yolk-shell hybrid microspheres depict higher reversible capacity and better cycling stability than ZnO-Cu-C porous hybrid microspheres. After 500 cycles at 200mAg−1, yolk-shell hybrids deliver a reversible capacity of 769mAhg−1. Additionally, ZnO-Cu-C hollow hybrid microspheres exhibit best rate capability, which is due to their special three dimensional Cu conductive network.
This work presents the synthesis of F-doped LiFePO4/C composite by the specific modification of the recently suggested synthesis procedure based on an aqueous precipitation of precursor material in molten stearic acid, followed by a high temperature treatment. Besides the lattice parameters and the primitive cell volume reductions, compared to the undoped sample synthesized under the same conditions, the Rietveld refinement also shows that fluorine ions preferably occupy specific oxygen sites. Particularly, the best refinement is accomplished when fluorine ions occupy O(2) sites exclusively. By means of up-to-date electronic structure and total energy calculations this experimental finding is theoretically confirmed. Such fluorine doping also produces closing of the gap in the electronic structure and consequently better conductivity properties of the doped compound. In addition, the morphological and electrochemical performances of the synthesized powder are fully characterized.
Recently, a cobalt complex based electrolyte such as [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ was suggested to replace the conventional I3 −/I− system because of its potential to provide high open circuit potential and power conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, a cobalt sulfide thin film was synthesized by electrochemical deposition and used for a counter electrode. A DSSC with the cobalt sulfide counter electrode exhibits J sc =7.228mA/cm2, which is 13% higher than that with Pt (J sc =6.443mA/cm2), thereby achieving an enhanced power conversion efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that the reduced Warburg diffusion impedance and faster adsorption of [Co(bpy)3]3+ facilitate the reduction of the cobalt complex.
A series of carbon spheres with various porous texture parameters were prepared from polystyrene-based macroreticular resin spheres by carbonization and activation. The as-prepared carbon spheres had a maximum specific surface area of 996m2 g−1, total pore volume of 1.34cm3 g−1 and average pore size of 5.39nm. Moreover, these carbon spheres showed a mesopore size distributed mainly in about 40nm. A high specific capacitance of 153Fg−1 for carbon sphere by carbonization, 164Fg−1 for carbon sphere by activation for 1h and 182Fg−1 for carbon sphere by activation for 2h can be obtained. Moreover, a specific energy between 2.3 and 5.1Whkg−1 for these carbon spheres can be obtained in 6molL−1 KOH electrolyte.
Molybdenum carbide–carbon (MoC0.56–C) composite was synthesized using a polymer assisted deposition (PAD) technique, and studied as possible catalyst support. The electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied with Pt deposited on the newly developed support. The ORR activity of Pt/MoC0.56–C is far better than that of standard support, 140AgPt −1 at 0.9V vs. RHE compared to 68 with A gPt −1 with Pt/XC-72. This high activity with the potential of increased durability of MoC0.56–C composite material, when compared to commercial carbon supports, is a significant step in PEM cells technology. These results are complemented by theoretical calculations which show a favorable electronic interaction of the Pt and the composite material. The MoC0.56–C composite was obtained using a one-step PAD synthesis technique at 800°C. From XRD analysis, this composite material contains 56.7% MoC0.56 with an average crystallite size of 1nm and a balance of amorphous carbon. SEM–EDAX pictures revealed that the support is composed of two separated phases, the amorphous carbon and the molybdenum carbide. Platinum nano-particles were deposited onto the support and served as catalyst for oxygen reduction for the evaluation of this composite material as a possible catalyst support in fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) in schizophrenia. However, the underlying mechanisms related to therapeutic effect of MCT remain unknown. The present study explored the treatment effects of MCT on brain regional neural activity using regional homogeneity (ReHo) and whether these regions’ activities could predict individual treatment response in schizophrenia. Forty-one patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were randomly divided into drug therapy (DT) and drug plus psychotherapy (DPP) groups. The DT group received only olanzapine treatment, whereas the DPP group received olanzapine and MCT for 8 weeks. The results revealed that ReHo in the right precuneus, left superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), right parahippocampal gyrus and left rectus was significantly increased in the DPP group after 8 weeks of treatment. Patients in the DT group showed significantly increased ReHo in the left ventral MPFC/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left superior MPFC/middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left precuneus, right rectus and left MFG, and significantly decreased ReHo in the bilateral cerebellum VIII and left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) after treatment. Support vector regression analyses showed that high ReHo levels at baseline in the right precuneus and left superior MPFC could predict symptomatic improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) after 8 weeks of DPP treatment. Moreover, high ReHo levels at baseline and alterations of ReHo in the left ventral MPFC/ACC could predict symptomatic improvement of PANSS after 8 weeks of DT treatment. This study suggests that MCT is associated with the modulation of ReHo in schizophrenia. ReHo in the right precuneus and left superior MPFC may predict individual therapeutic response for MCT in patients with schizophrenia.
Co3O4 nanorods have been successfully synthesized by thermal decomposition of the precursor prepared via a facile and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with ordered chain structures as soft template for the first time. The obtained Co3O4 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that the as-synthesized nanorods are single crystalline with an average diameter of about 20 to 50 nm and length up to several micrometers. Preliminary electrochemical studies, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, are carried out in 6 M KOH electrolyte. Specific capacitance of 456 F g−1 for a single electrode could be achieved even after 500 cycles, suggesting its potential application in electrochemical capacitors. This promising method could provide a universal green chemistry approach to synthesize other low-cost and environmentally friendly transition metal hydroxide or oxide.
The objective of this work was to develop a hydrogen storage module for onboard electrical power sources suitable for use in micro-power systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Hydrogen storage materials were developed as thin-film inks to be compatible with an integrated manufacturing process. Important design aspects were (a) ready activation at sub-atmospheric hydrogen pressure and room temperature and (b) durability, i.e. capable of hundreds of absorption/desorption cycles and resistance to deactivation on exposure to air. Inks with palladium-treated intermetallic hydrogen storage alloys were developed and are shown here to be compatible with a thin-film micro-fabrication process. These hydrogen storage modules absorb hydrogen readily at atmospheric pressure, and the absorption/desorption rates remained fast even after the ink was exposed to air for 47 weeks.
This paper demonstrates how discussion forums can be used in product innovation to create value with consumers. The literature shows the value of sport addicts and hobbyists as innovators in product innovation, consequently this study is also related and relevant to sports activities. It is an empirical study based on substantial qualitative data collected from 28 discussion forums, of which 20 of the longest discussions were chosen for qualitative analysis. This paper complements the academic literature by providing information about consumer value creation in discussion forums without company interaction. The discussions contain basic, performance and excitement factors, of which performance factors are the most abundant. Both product improvement ideas and consumers eager to participate in innovation can be found in the discussions. A key to success for a company is a systematic plan showing the potential use of the extensive information in the discussions. This paper introduces closed company innovative forums which are maintained or product innovation evangelists to direct the discussion and keep consumers interested in participation. This is a new means to find out and further develop promising ideas for product innovation with consumers.
Calibration of model parameters is of utmost importance to ensure the good performance of hydraulic simulation models. In this work, calibration is conceived within a joint multi-period parameter and state estimation approach, where model parameters (i.e. roughness coefficients) and hydraulic variables should be computed from available measurements at different times. The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to present a novel methodology for the calibration of water networks via multi-period state estimation, and (2) to adapt observability analysis to this approach. The novelty of this work is that such a large-scale non-linear optimisation problem is here solved using mathematical programming decomposition techniques. On the other hand, observability analysis requires the construction of the multi-period measurement and parameter Jacobian matrix of the problem. The proposed approach enables computation of the observable roughness coefficients from available readings over time, making possible the periodic reassessment of roughness values based on recent online measurements. The potential of the method is illustrated by means of a case study, which shows how such a methodology would contribute to make the most of telemetry data for calibration purposes.
Conducting and electroactive polymer blends of polyaniline (PAni) with polyelectrolyte, poly(diallydimethylammoniumchloride) (PDDMAC) have been synthesized by an in situ polymerization method and the resulting composites have been characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, AFM and electrochemical techniques. The blends are conducting and electroactive with even lower loadings of PAni and can be cast as films. The conductivity of the cast films containing 0.04–1.5wt% PAni ranged from 4.5×10−6 to 42×10−6 S/cm. Some of the composites are tested for their corrosion inhibition property for pure iron in 1M HCl solutions and were found to be active inhibitors.
The temporal resolution of current signals from solid-state nanopores is improved by integrating a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor preamplifier with the nanopores in thin silicon nitride membranes.
NASICON frame work Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), wrapped by nitrogen and sulfur doped bio-carbon matrix derived from human hair (HHC) has been investigated for its anode behavior in SIBs. Basically, NVP is bestowed with a crystal structure of 3D open framework and a moderate theoretical capacity of 118 mAh g−1, which are the twin advantages and motivation behind the selection of this material. Prepared through a simple, scalable and facile method, the key problems associated with pristine NVP electrode material, such as inferior conductivity and severe volume change have been mitigated to a great extent through the formation of a composite containing HHC. Herein, HHC is a cheap and eco-friendly composite additive, obtained from a universal bio-waste, viz., human hair and hence NVP/HHC qualifies itself as a green composite. Interestingly, NVP/HHC-10 (in-situ) and NVP/HHC-20 (ex-situ) anodes show excellent electrochemical performance in terms of cycling stability up to 500 cycles and rate capability @ 2 A g−1, which are superior than similar category NVP anodes reported in the literature. Further, post cycling structure and morphology of NVP/HHC composite anodes evidence the appreciable stability bestowed with the select composition, which is found to get maintained upon extended cycles and even after rate capability test.
A facile and efficient solid state synthesis of carbon and nitrogen coated lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4/CN) cathode material is achieved via polymer-pyrolysis method using polyaniline-chloride (PANI-Cl). The current investigation is comparatively analyzed with the results of the composite of LiFePO4/C (LFP/C) synthesized using sucrose as carbon precursor. The optimized LiFePO4/CN (LFP/CN) composite is synthesized at 700 °C using 10 wt.% PANI-Cl. The composite exhibits remarkable improvement in capacity, cyclability and rate capability compared to those of LFP/C. The specific discharge capacities as high as 164 mAh g−1 (theoretical capacity: 170 mAh g−1) at 0.1 C and 100 mAh g−1 at 10 C rates were achieved with LFP/CN. In addition, the composite exhibits a long-term cycling stability with the capacity loss of only 10% after 1000 cycles. PANI-Cl shifts the size distribution of the composite to nanometer scale (approximately 150 nm), however the addition of sucrose does not have such an effect. LFP/CN contains 1.6 wt.% nitrogen and 15.8 wt.% carbon. LFP particles are mostly coated with a few nanometers thick C–N layer forming a core–shell structure. The possible crosslinking mechanism of PANI-Cl upon pyrolysis on size reduction and formation of uniform carbon/nitrogen coating on LFP are also discussed.
Approximate execution is a viable technique for environments with energy constraints, provided that applications are given the mechanisms to produce outputs of the highest possible quality within the available energy budget. This paper introduces a framework for energy-constrained execution with controlled and graceful quality loss. A simple programming model allows developers to structure the computation in different tasks, and to express the relative importance of these tasks for the quality of the end result. For non-significant tasks, the developer can also supply less costly, approximate versions. The target energy consumption for a given execution is specified when the application is launched. A significance-aware runtime system employs an application-specific analytical energy model to decide how many cores to use for the execution, the operating frequency for these cores, as well as the degree of task approximation, so as to maximize the quality of the output while meeting the user-specified energy constraints. Evaluation on a dual-socket 16-core Intel platform using 9 kernels and applications shows that the proposed framework performs very close to an oracle always selecting the optimal configuration, both in terms of energy efficiency and quality of results. Also, a comparison with loop perforation (a well-known compile-time approximation technique), shows that the proposed framework results in significantly higher quality for the same energy budget.
With increasing age, functional connectomes become dissimilar across normal individuals, reflecting heterogenous aging effects on functional connectivity (FC). We investigated the distribution of these effects across the connectome and their relationship with age-related differences in dopamine (DA) D1 receptor availability and gray matter density (GMD). With this aim, we determined aging effects on mean and interindividual variance of FC using fMRI in 30 younger and 30 older healthy subjects and mapped the contribution of each connection to the patterns of age-related similarity loss. Aging effects on mean FC accounted mainly for the dissimilarity between connectomes of younger and older adults, and were related, across brain regions, to aging effects on DA D1 receptor availability. Aging effects on the variance of FC indicated a global increase in variance with advancing age, explained connectome dissimilarity among older subjects and were related to aging effects on variance of GMD. The relationship between aging and the similarity of connectomes can thus be partly explained by age differences in DA modulation and gray matter structure.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been attractive alternatives to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries due to the high theoretical capacity of sulfur cathode. However, the polysulfide shuttling effect is detrimental to the long-term cycling stability. Chemically absorptive host materials provide an effective way to mitigate the dissolution of lithium polysulfide. Carbon nitride (C3N4) is one of the effective host materials with strong interaction with polysulfide species. The low electronic conductivity, however, is unfavorable for high sulfur utilization. In this work, we report the controlled synthesis of porous, well-interconnected C3N4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels as hybrid sulfur host using a simple hydrothermal reaction followed by freeze-drying, which combines the structural merits of both highly conductive rGO networks and chemically active C3N4. By further tuning the structure/morphology and the ratio between C3N4 and rGO, we have demonstrated the C3N4/rGO composites with optimized 1:2 ratio of C3N4:rGO (termed as CG12) exhibits not only very high sulfur utilization but also excellent rate capability compared to other C3N4/rGO composites, pure rGO, and C3N4. The compositionally and structurally tailored CG12 also shows stable cycling performance over 400 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.09% per cycle.