batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Battery performance, depending on the application, is normally defined by power delivery, electrical capacity, cycling regime and life in service. In order to meet the various performance goals, the Battery Design Engineer can vary things such as grid alloys, paste formulations, number of plates and methods of construction. Another design option available to optimize the battery performance is the separator profile. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how separator profile selection can be utilized to optimize battery performance and manufacturing efficiencies. Also time will be given to explore novel separator profiles which may bring even greater benefits in the future. All major lead-acid application will be considered including automotive, motive power and stationary.
A facile one-pot solvothermal method is proposed to fabricate a new series of Ni-Co-P-O compound-based electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation in alkaline environment. It is found that the chemical composition, surface morphology, as well as the crystallographic structure of the final Ni-Co-P-O composites are largely depends on the Co2+/Ni2+ molar ratios in the reaction system. The sample of NiCoPO-2 possessing an urchin-like architecture and a hybrid composition of nano-scaled Ni/Co phosphides and phosphates was produced at a Co2+/Ni2+ molar ratio of 0.18. A larger specific surface area of 540.5m2 g−1 and a bimodal pore size distribution are found in the NiCoPO-2 sample. As a potential catalyst, the NiCoPO-2 delivers a highest oxidation current density (∼1567Ag−1) and a good durability (≥20000s) toward the methanol electrooxidation reaction. The superior catalytic performance of the NiCoPO-2 catalyst should be attributed to its unique microstructure and compositions. It is also supposed that the formation of electron tunneling junctions between the metal phosphides and phosphates could provide new channels for facilitating electron transfer throughout the composite electrocatalysts.
Fe3O4–graphene nanocomposite was prepared by a gas/liquid interface reaction. The structure and morphology of the Fe3O4–graphene nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performances were evaluated in coin-type cells. Electrochemical tests show that the Fe3O4–22.7wt.% graphene nanocomposite exhibits much higher capacity retention with a large reversible specific capacity of 1048mAhg−1 (99% of the initial reversible specific capacity) at the 90th cycle in comparison with that of the bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles (only 226mAhg−1 at the 34th cycle). The enhanced cycling performance can be attributed to the facts that the graphene sheets distributed between the Fe3O4 nanoparticles can prevent the aggregation of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the Fe3O4–graphene nanocomposite can provide buffering spaces against the volume changes of Fe3O4 nanoparticles during electrochemical cycling.
This paper presents the measurements of gaseous SO2, NO2, HNO3 and NH3 and particulate NH4 +, NO3 −and SO4 2− at Rampur, a rural site of semi-arid region of India and annual mean concentrations are 3.7±2.2, 7.3±3.7, 0.7±0.6 and 6.7±4.2 and 1.0±0.4, 1.1±1.3 and 2.6±1.6μgm−3, respectively. Seasonal variation with higher concentration in winter is observed for gaseous SO2, NO2, and NH3 and particulate NH4 +. The concentration of HNO3 and particulate NO3 −and SO4 2− are higher in summer. Summer to winter ratio of HNO3 and particulate NO3 − are 3.8 and 1.8, respectively, showing seasonal variation is more pronounced in case of HNO3 than particulate NO3 −. The ratio of gaseous NH3 to particulate NH4 + (NH3/NH4 +) is more than 1 probably due to basic nature of aerosol. Examination of equilibrium between gaseous NH3 and HNO3 and particulate NH4NO3 shows observed equilibrium constant is lower than theoretical equilibrium constant in summer and vice versa in winter.
In this meta-analysis, we evaluated overall strengths of relation between beliefs about pain, health, or illness and problems in functioning (i.e., functional impairment, affective distress, pain severity) in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis samples as well as moderators of these associations. In sum, 111 samples (N = 17,365 patients) met inclusion criteria. On average, highly significant, medium effect sizes were observed for associations between beliefs and problems in functioning but heterogeneity was also inflated. Effect sizes were not affected by arthritis subtype, gender, or age. However, pain belief content emerged as a significant moderator, with larger effect sizes for studies in which personal incapacity or ineffectiveness in controlling pain was a content theme of belief indices (i.e., pain catastrophizing, helplessness, self-efficacy) compared to those examining locus of control and fear/threat/harm beliefs. Furthermore, analyses of longitudinal study subsets supported the status of pain beliefs risk factors for later problems in functioning in these groups.
A nanostructured spinel LiMn2O4 electrode material was prepared via a room-temperature solid-state grinding reaction route starting with hydrated lithium acetate (LiAc·2H2O), manganese acetate (MnAc2·4H2O) and citric acid (C6H8O7·H2O) raw materials, followed by calcination of the precursor at 500°C. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope techniques. The electrochemical performance of the LiMn2O4 electrodes in 2M Li2SO4, 1M LiNO3, 5M LiNO3 and 9M LiNO3 aqueous electrolytes was studied using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods. The LiMn2O4 electrode in 5M LiNO3 electrolyte exhibited good electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity, rate dischargeability and charge/discharge cyclability, as evidenced by the charge/discharge results.
Lithium-rich layered structure cathode materials are arousing significant attention in the next-generation commercial lithium ion batteries owing to their high capacity and energy density. However, the poor rate performance and inferior cycle stability stand in the way of its large-scale applications. In this study, we pioneer a novel cation/anion (sodium/fluorine) co-doping approach to address the above issues for lithium rich Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathode. Consequently, the cation/anion co-doped cathode material could keep the advantages of both cation (sodium) and anion (fluorine), which can significantly enhance the stability by suppressing the phase transformation from layered to spinel structure and rate performance through decreasing resistance of Li diffusion and the electrons migration. The co-doped Li1.12Na0.08Ni0.2Mn0.6O1.95F0.05 exhibits an excellent cycling stability (100% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C) and a superior rate performance (167 mAh g−1 at 5 C). The mechanism of the dramatic improvement is also systematic investigated for the first time. Furthermore, we also believe that the cation/anion co-doping approach could be employed to improve the performance of other classes of layered cathode materials.
As cell phones have become more common, personalized intelligent services in smartphones have become more highly desired. The mobile intelligent synthetic character is an example of one of these desired services. It is hard to apply an intelligent synthetic character to the smartphone environment because of its dynamism and complexity. This paper proposes a method for generating behaviors of a smart synthetic character that infers user contexts with Bayesian networks. In order to generate more realistic behaviors, the OCC model is utilized to create the character’s emotion. Behaviors are produced through large-scale modular behavior networks with inferred contexts. A working progress is the mobile log collected with a Samsung SPH-M4650 smartphone that is used to verify the naturalness and flexibility of the generated behaviors.
Rechargeable lithium-air batteries have ultra-high theoretical capacities and energy densities, allowing them to be considered as one of the most promising power sources for next-generation electric vehicles. The technology has been honed in various ways over the years, but it still experiences critical issues that need to be addressed in order to make it commercially viable. For instance, its practical capacity, round-trip efficiency, and cycling life are among the factors that need to be improved. In this review, the developments of this type of battery are presented. In particular, the system levels of design that encompass the optimization of the battery’s electrolyte and electrodes are discussed. More importantly, this report provides perspectives on achieving the desired battery performance to meet the demands of commercial viability.
Non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NAqRFBs) have recently received considerable attention as promising high energy density, low cost grid-level energy storage technologies. Despite these attractive features, NAqRFBs are still at an early stage of development and innovative design techniques are necessary to improve performance and decrease costs. In this work, we investigate multi-electron transfer, common ion exchange NAqRFBs. Common ion systems decrease the supporting electrolyte requirement, which subsequently improves active material solubility and decreases electrolyte cost. Voltammetric and electrolytic techniques are used to study the electrochemical performance and chemical compatibility of model redox active materials, iron (II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) tetrafluoroborate (Fe(bpy)3(BF4)2) and ferrocenylmethyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (Fc1N112-BF4). These results help disentangle complex cycling behavior observed in flow cell experiments. Further, a simple techno-economic model demonstrates the cost benefits of employing common ion exchange NAqRFBs, afforded by decreasing the salt and solvent contributions to total chemical cost. This study highlights two new concepts, common ion exchange and multi-electron transfer, for NAqRFBs through a demonstration flow cell employing model active species. In addition, the compatibility analysis developed for asymmetric chemistries can apply to other promising species, including organics, metal coordination complexes (MCCs) and mixed MCC/organic systems, enabling the design of low cost NAqRFBs.
This paper proposes an optimal scheduling strategy for a microgrid participating in a volatile electricity market. The microgrid system includes photovoltaic generators, a wind turbine, a load, grid connection, and a battery storage system. An optimal microgrid operation is achieved by maximizing the utility function represented by the exponential rate of growth of the electricity market value through electricity transactions between the microgrid and main grid, on the premise of satisfying the power balance and generation limit of system components. The uncertainties occurring during the microgrid operation are represented by generator output, load demand, and electricity price fluctuation. The proposed strategy utilizes the Kelly Criterion, an optimal strategy that maximizes the growth rate of an asset’s net worth over repeated investments, coupled with an artificial neural network forecast of electricity price to deal with the volatile energy market. The proposed algorithm provides significant improvements in microgrid scheduling by eliminating the reliance on renewable generation and load forecasts, which makes it computationally inexpensive and thus feasible for real-time implementation. In representative case scenarios, using real-world tracers, we show that the algorithm has no dependency on meteorological forecasts and performs optimally in a volatile electricity market.
New high surface area nano-architectured copper current collectors have been designed based on simple electrodeposition method. The nano-architectured electrode design not only increases the effective surface area of the electrode but it is also very suitable for sustaining the mechanical and structural strain during electrochemical reaction. In this work, a nano-architectured Sn anode for Li-ion battery, based on Li–Sn alloying reaction, delivers very high cycle life and good power performance compared to planar tin films. This electrode could be successfully used in the field of 3D microbatteries.
Today, photovoltaic (PV) plants are receiving a significant attention due to their intrinsic ability to directly transform solar energy in electrical energy. However, electricity generated from PV plants can rarely provide immediate response to load demand, as these sources do not deliver a regular supply immediately compatible with consumers’ needs. Recently, an important attention has been devoted to the use of energy storage in grid-connected PV plants, with the objective of adding flexibility in load management and overcoming some important power quality problems of real distribution grids. This makes PV plants more useful and attractive. Several battery management techniques have been underlying as a way to create more price-responsive demand and as a way to integrate PV plants more effectively into power grid. However, the development of energy policies constraint the wider deployment of PV systems. In this paper, various sizing, modelling, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been reviewed for the efficient operation of grid-connected PV systems. Dispatch strategies for stored energy that maximize the financial value of battery-PV systems along with several optimization techniques are discussed. Power quality and control technology issues of grid-connected PV systems are also covered. The economic and environmental benefits of grid-connected PV systems are underlined and operational and maintenance issues of PV-battery power systems have been included. The present paper aims at reviewing some technical challenges on the current state of PV systems based on energy policies, various cell technologies, MPPT and converter/inverter technology, energy management and scheduling techniques, reliability, power quality and control systems issues.
Renewable lithium batteries are widely used in both hybrid and pure electric vehicles. Graded materials have structural heterogeneity and anisotropy which allows for these materials to have excellent energy storage capabilities. These important capabilities are why these materials are so fundamental in search for safe, renewable energy storage. As the development of graded materials used in battery development has increased rapidly, the effect of degradation on these batteries has emerged as an issue of international concern. In academic settings specifically, research efforts are focused equally on the capacity degradation of lithium batteries and the security of energy storage. This paper will describe recent advancements in understanding lithium battery performance degradation. To accomplish this goal, this paper will include theoretical characterization models and microscale experimental techniques. In the section that outlines our laboratory work, the impact of coupled degradation effect on the safety of lithium battery is highlighted. The theoretical and experimental analysis section will show that the relationship between degradation (such as dislocations, holes and pores) and energy storage safety is reflected so as to deepen the understanding of the issue’s nature. By discussing battery security and predicting battery performance, this paper evaluates the impact of battery degradation and the corresponding control strategies, offering scientific basis and technical support for the development of sustainable energy.
Reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/α-Ni(OH)2 (RGO/CNT/α-Ni(OH)2) composites are successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal route. The structural characterization of the composites by EDX, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, Raman, FESEM and TEM indicate that α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles with the size around 5 nm are randomly decorated onto three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure RGO/CNT. The electrochemical performances of the composites are evaluated by cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Interestingly, it is found that the electrochemical capacitance of the composites depends on the amount of CNTs to a large extent and RGO/CNT/α-Ni(OH)2 composite (GC2Ni2) with optimized ratio exhibits the high specific capacitance of 1320 F g−1 at 6 A g−1. In addition, the cycling measurements show that GC2Ni2 maintains a specific capacitance of 1008 F g−1 at 15 A g−1 after 1000 cycles corresponding to a reduction of capacitance of about 7.8%. The enhancement in specific capacitance and cycling stability is believed to be due to the 3D RGO/CNT conductive network which promotes not only efficient charge transport and facilitates the electrolyte diffusion, but also prevents effectively the volume expansion/contraction and aggregation of electroactive materials during charge–discharge process.
There is a growing potential for the use of micro-cogeneration systems in the residential sector because they have the ability to produce both useful thermal energy and electricity from a single source of fuel such as oil or natural gas. In cogeneration systems, the efficiency of energy conversion increases to over 80% as compared to an average of 30–35% for conventional fossil fuel fired electricity generation systems. This increase in energy efficiency can result in lower costs and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions when compared to the conventional methods of generating heat and electricity separately. Cogeneration systems and equipment suitable for residential and small-scale commercial applications like hospitals, hotels or institutional buildings are available, and many new systems are under development. These products are used or aimed for meeting the electrical and thermal demands of a building for space and domestic hot water heating, and potentially, absorption cooling. The aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date review of the various cogeneration technologies suitable for residential applications. The paper considers the various technologies available and under development for residential, i.e. single-family (<10kWe) and multi-family (10–30kWt) applications, with focus on single-family applications. Technologies suitable for residential cogeneration systems include reciprocating internal combustion engine, micro-turbine, fuel cell, and reciprocating external combustion Stirling engine based cogeneration systems. The paper discusses the state of development and the performance, environmental benefits, and costs of these technologies.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology not only offers tracking capability to locate equipment, supplies and people in real time, but also provides efficient and accurate access to medical data for health professionals. However, the reality of RFID adoption in healthcare is far behind earlier expectation. This study reviews literature on the use of RFID in healthcare/hospitals following a formal innovation-decision framework. We aim to identify the common applications, potential benefits, barriers, and critical success factors. Our study facilitates quick assessment and provides guidance for researchers and practitioners in adopting RFID in medical arenas. Many earlier adopters in healthcare found RFID to be functional and useful in such areas as asset tracking and patient identification. Major barriers to adoption include technological limitations, interference concerns, prohibitive costs, lack of global standards and privacy concerns. Better designed RFID systems with low cost and privacy issues addressed are needed to increase acceptance of RFID in healthcare.
The behaviour of PEO8LiClO4 with different quantities of α-Al2O3 or γ-Al2O3 was investigated using DSC, AC conductivity and 7Li NMR experiments. DSC results showed that the presence of the filler does not change the glass transition temperature of the electrolyte but, on the other hand, modifies the quantity of its crystalline phase. From the AC impedance measurements, it was observed that the sample with the highest conductivity at room temperature is PEO8LiClO4 5.3 wt.% α-Al2O3. The change in the quantity of crystalline phase cannot alone explain the conductivity data, and it is suggested that the space charge contribution in the interphase of the filler particles and the polymeric chains influences the behaviour of the samples. The 7Li NMR results showed that line width narrowing begins at temperatures close to T g. From the hydrogen decoupling experiments it was possible to estimate the LiH average distances as 2.7 Å. The LiLi distance was calculated as being between 2.6 and 3.5 Å depending on the number of near neighbours lithium nuclei used in the model.
In this paper we present a novel aqueous redox flow battery chemistry based on copper chloro complexes. The energy density (20 Wh L−1) achieved is comparable to traditional vanadium redox flow batteries. This is due to the high solubility of copper (3 M), which offsets the relatively low cell potential (0.6 V). The electrolyte is cheap, simple to prepare and easy to recycle since no additives or catalysts are used. The stack used is based on plain graphite electrode materials and a low-cost microporous separator. The system can be operated at 60 °C eliminating the need for a heat exchanger and delivers an energy efficiency of 93, 86 and 74% at 5, 10 and 20 mA cm−2 respectively.
Nanostructured LiFePO4/C composites having ordered olivine structure are prepared by a newly elaborated low temperature microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis in the presence of a cationic surfactant. The microwave-assisted approach is simple and cost effective: it significantly decreases reaction times compared to the conventional hydrothermal/solvothermal processes. A study on the influence of the synthesis parameters on both the morphology and the electrochemical behavior of the samples is performed by means of X-ray powder diffraction, N2 physisorption at 77K, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge cycling. Moreover, a chemometric approach through design of experiments (DoE) is here successfully demonstrated for the first time for the optimization and fine tuning of the experimental conditions, including synthetic procedure and electrochemical characteristics of the materials. As a result, we show a nanostructured LiFePO4/C with high rate capability and delivering a very stable cycling behavior for more than thousand cycles with excellent Coulombic efficiency and exceptional capacity retention at 1C.
The surface engineering strategy has exhibited unique advantages in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, sensing, etc. Here in this work, NiO nano octahedron aggregates with exposure of active {111} facets are synthesized through a facile and scalable way. When evaluated as anode materials for Li ion batteries (LIBs), the NiO nano octahedron aggregates exhibit excellent rate performance and long-life cycling performance with high reversible capability. A reversible capability of as high as 793mAhg−1 is retained after 200 cycles at 0.2C. Moreover, the excellent rate performance is achieved. The exceeding lithium storage performance is attributed to the synergy effect of nano size and exposed (111) surface of the NiO octahedra improving kinetics of charge transportation and Li ion diffusion. The NiO octahedron aggregates can be used as prospective host materials for investigation of surface effect on catalysis, sensing, switching, supercapacitors and electrodes for sodium batteries, fuel cells, etc.