batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Global crises inevitably increase levels of anxiety in postpartum populations. Effective and efficient measurement is therefore essential. This study aimed to create a 12-item research short form of the 51-item Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale [PSAS] and validate it for use in rapid response research at a time of global crises [PSAS-RSF-C]. We also present the same 12-items, in five other languages (Italian, French, Chinese, Spanish, Dutch) to increase global accessibility of a psychometric tool to assess maternal mental health.
Neuropathic pain syndromes are chronic pain disorders caused by lesion or disease of the parts of the nervous system that normally signal painA disease- and anatomy-based system is often insufficient to classify neuropathic pain conditions, and analysis on the basis of underlying mechanisms provides an alternative approachMolecular mechanisms that underlie the sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors include upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channels and various receptor proteins, and the release of growth factors from degenerating nerve fibersAs a consequence of peripheral nociceptor hyperactivity, dramatic secondary changes occur in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and there is also evidence of sensitization of neurons in the brainA single symptom may be generated by several different mechanisms, so a specific symptom profile might be required to predict the underlying mechanismBy combining a systematic clinical examination and a precise phenotypic characterization with a selection of drugs that act on particular mechanisms, it should be possible to design optimal treatments for individual patients
Traditionally, clinicians have been taught to examine and classify patients on the basis of lesion topography and underlying pathology, an approach that has proved invaluable for understanding the pathophysiology of many diseases, including bacterial meningitis and osteoarthritis. In most of these disorders, pain is a symptom that rapidly disappears after the relevant therapy has been given, but in other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, the underlying disease cannot be cured, and pain becomes the primary concern rather than a symptom.
One- to three-dimensional alignments of semiconductors on the micro- or nanoscale have been achieved to tailor their opto-physicochemical properties and improve their photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the fabrication of vertically aligned, well-ordered WO3 microdisc arrays via an electrodeposition process on lithographically patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates as well as their geometry-specific photoelectrochemical properties. The as-fabricated WO3 microdisc arrays exhibit enhanced light absorption as well as facilitated charge separation, leading to significantly higher PEC performance than WO3 films. A finite-difference time-domain simulation of a single WO3 microdisc indicates that strong optical resonances occur particularly in the central part of the microdisc, leading to enhanced optical absorption. A time-resolved photoluminescence study further reveals that the average lifetime of charge carriers (τ) in a microdisc array is shorter than that in a film by ∼60%. The reductively deposited Au particles are localized on the side of the microdisc and ITO substrate, which suggests that the photogenerated electrons are transferred to the same location. In addition, the oxidative deposition of FeOOH particles on the top surface and side of a microdisc indicates hole transfer pathways at the same location. This downward transfer of electrons and upward transfer of holes lead to efficient charge separation, and the radial direction appears to be the most preferred shortcut for the carriers inside the bulk of a microdisc.
Volumetric performance, a much more reliable and precise parameter for evaluating the charge-storage capacity of supercapacitors compared with gravimetric performance, has aroused more and more interest in recent years owing to the rapid development of miniaturized, portable and wearable electronic devices as well as electric vehicles. Various carbon materials are widely used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. However, their intrinsically low specific capacitance and relatively low bulk density lead to a relatively low volumetric performance, significantly limiting their future application. This critical review points out the crucial importance of volumetric performance and reviews recent achievements of high volumetric performances obtained through the rational design and development of novel carbon-based materials. Particular emphasis is focused on discussing the factors influencing the volumetric performance of carbon materials from a structural design point of view. We then make an in-depth summary of various promising approaches used to make significant research breakthroughs in recent years. Current challenges, future research directions and opportunities in this fascinating field of supercapacitors with high gravimetric and volumetric performances are also discussed.
The eminent theoretical capacitance of metal oxide or hydroxide resulting from the Faradaic redox reaction makes them attractive to high performance energy storage devices. Unfortunately, the poor conductivity and dispersion could limit their practical application. Although incorporating with conductive materials such as graphene has proved to be an effective method to solve the above problems, the role of the graphene is not clear yet. This work provides a systematic study on graphene-decorated porous nickelian heterogenite ((Ni,Co)OOH). The dispersion of particles and conductivity is found to be significantly improved by the graphene-decoration, resulting in great enhancements of electrochemical properties. The contributed capacitance value of (Ni,Co)OOH in (Ni,Co)OOH-rGO-10h (decorated with 10h reduced graphene oxide) is 1045Fg−1, 3.5 times higher than that in the pure sample (296Fg−1). This is the best enhancement to our knowledge. A model is also proposed to illustrate that this enhancement in capacitance is attributed to extra and deeper redox reactions, which are due to the improvement of conductivity and dispersion by the incorporation of graphene. Therefore, the graphene-decorating is an essential and important way to improve the capacitance of metal oxidehydroxide.
We report layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of graphene/carbon-coated mesoporous SnO2 spheres (Gr/C-SnO2 spheres), without binder and conducting additives, as anode materials with excellent Li-ion insertion–extraction properties. Our results indicate that these novel LBL assembled electrodes have high reversible Li storage capacity, improved cycling, and especially good rate performance, even at high specific currents. The superior electrochemical performance offered by these LBL assembled Gr/C-SnO2 spheres is attributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity and effective diffusion of Li ions in the interconnected network of nanoparticles forming the mesoporous SnO2 spheres.
On the remote and geographically fragmented atolls of Kiribati (Republic of), imported petroleum products are the main sources of energy. The other sources of energy utilised include biomass, solar energy and wind power. Of these three renewable energy sources, biomass is the most, and wind power is the least, exploited in terms of the contribution it makes to the total primary energy supply. Solar energy makes a very insignificant contribution to the total primary energy supply in Kiribati. Petroleum products, biomass and solar energy contribute approximately 75%, 25% and less than 1%, respectively to the total primary energy supply annually. Solar energy has been exploited mostly in the form of photovoltaic (PV) technologies for the provision of lighting. The geographical, social, economic and political situation in Kiribati is considered in this paper to give an overview of the country. The current energy situation in Kiribati is presented with emphasis on the application of PV technologies. Some recommendations that will promote sustainable development of the rural and remote communities on the outer atolls of Kiribati, through the use of PV technologies, are also presented in this paper.
Nanosized CaSnO3 is synthesized by a hydrothermal process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM observation shows the sample has a porous flowerlike morphology. The electrochemical results exhibit that the stable and reversible capacity of 547mAhg−1 is obtained after 50 cycles at 60mAg−1 (0.1C) and the corresponding charge capacity is determined to be 316mAhg−1 at the current density of 2.5C. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data are analyzed to complement the galvanostatic results. The observed excellent performance is attributed to the porous structure and large surface area of flowerlike CaSnO3.
Principle and characteristics of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), a novel energy storage system, was introduced. A research and development united laboratory of VRB was founded in Central South University in 2002 with the financial support of Panzhihua Steel Corporation. The laboratory focused their research mainly on the selection and preparation of electrode materials, membrane material and modification, stable concentrated electrolyte producing approach, test cell configuration design and optimization. Some relevant foundation problems, such as state of vanadium in sulfurous acid with various additives, the difference of electrochemical reaction rate in anode and in cathode, the crossover of vanadium ions and so on, have been emphasized. The details of these studies have been given and discussed. A 5kW VRB stack was fabricated in the laboratory and its performances, especially electrochemical performance such as voltage efficiencies, energy efficiencies, and durability, were fully tested. The results will be shown in the talk. The key technologies of developing VRB, such as to improve the activity of its electrode materials, the stability of electrolyte and selectivity of separator, were also discussed. In addition, the research progresses in other laboratories in China were briefly introduced.
Cassini’s camera observed Titan from orbit at different angles (0–166°) and found that the planet looks brighter towards the night than at midday. This effect, linked to the scattering properties of Titanian haze, can also be present in exoplanets.
The electrochemical behaviour of laboratory prepared manganese dioxide with different additions of aluminium has been investigated. The findings have been compared with the ones found for commercial samples. All samples have been submitted to X-ray diffraction measurement. The electrochemical reduction has been carried out in 1 and in 9M KOH electrolytes, by means of slow rate voltammetric tests. Interesting correlations have been found between the results of the physico-chemical characterisation and the electrochemical behaviour. Among other beneficial effects, aluminium seems to improve the quality and uniformity of the contact between the dioxide surface and graphite, thus increasing the conductance of the mass and the amount of dioxide available for the reduction. Examination of the samples surface has revealed that such effect is tied to the specific kind of morphology induced by aluminium.
In this work, amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEMs) prepared from fluoro-methyl sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone-co-benzimidazole)s have been systematically evaluated for their potential usage in all vanadium redox battery (VRB). Our investigation has demonstrated that the compacted structure originated from the self-assembly ionic cross-linking and the positive charged benzimidazole moiety in AIEM matrix could synergistically reduce the vanadium species cross-contamination. The self-discharge time of a single cell assembled with AIEM of optimized chemical structure is over 3 times longer than that with Nafion117, and a desirable conductivity/permeability trade-off can be achieved by tuning the content of benzimidazole moiety. Single cell assembled with the optimized AIEM exhibit higher battery efficiencies and lower capacity loss than that with Nafion117 at current densities of 30, 50 or 70 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the AIEMs are able to tolerate the strong oxidizing VO2 + and remain intact for over 370 days, as revealed from ex-situ chemical stability tests. These findings strongly suggest that the as-prepared AIEM can be a good candidate for low-cost and high-performance separator in VRB application.
We provide a guide to Bologna, Italy, focusing particularly on sites of interest to physicists. Our first tour is in the city center; it begins in the Piazza Maggiore at the Palazzo d’Accursio, the Basilica di San Petronio, and the Archiginnasio (Old University) and then proceeds to the Two Towers and the Palazzo Poggi, which houses the Astronomical Observatory Museum and other important instrument and art collections; it concludes at the Physics Museum, Department of Physics and Astronomy. Our second tour again begins in the Piazza Maggiore but goes to sites beyond the city center where famous Bolognese physicists and other scientists were born, lived, and are buried. Finally, we point out important museums and other institutions on the outskirts of Bologna.
The cathode materials, (1−x)LiNiO2·xLi2TiO3 with 0.05≤x≤0.5, were first prepared by a spray drying route. The XRD results indicated that co-substituting Li and Ti for Ni in LiNiO2 contributes to increasing cations disorder in the materials. Charge–discharge tests in the voltage range of 3.0–4.4V exhibited expected results: the more simple charge–discharge curves, the deceased capacity and the increased Columbic irreversibility with increasing x. However, when charged up to 4.8V, the materials with x≥0.075 surprisingly presented unusual electrochemical properties, an excess charge capacity beyond the oxidization of Ni3+ to Ni4+ in materials with the presence of a charge plateau at about 4.5–4.7V during the initial cycle. These phenomena are very similar to those reported in (1−y)LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2·yLi2MnO3 [J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) A815]. The sample with x=0.05 indicated promising electrochemical properties in term of capacity and cyclability even charged to 4.8V.
S-doped mesoporous graphene microspheres (SMGMs) derived from the chemical vapor deposition process, are employed as reservoir materials for LiS batteries. A steam-impregnation process is applied to fabricate a S@SMGMs composite with homogeneous distribution of sublimed S in the graphene matrix. The S@SMGMs cathode prepared by the steam-impregnation process exhibits higher capacity (830 mAh g−1 at 8 C) and better rate capability as compared to the cathode obtained from the conventional melt-diffusion process. Good structural integrity of the S@SMGMs composite is well kept after cycling. The outstanding electrochemical properties of the S@SMGMs composite cathode are mainly benefited from the perfect compounding-state between graphene and S, the unique microarchitecture decorated with highly stable porous structure and S doping. Additionally, the contribution of S doping to constraining Li-polysulfides is further confirmed by density functional theory calculations, which indicates that the binding energies between Li-polysulfides and oxided S are higher than that of thiophene-S.
In this study, the adsorption behavior of some low-cost adsorbents such as peanut husk charcoal, fly ash, and natural zeolite, with respect to Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions, has been studied in order to consider its application to the purification of metal finishing wastewater. The batch method was employed: parameters such as pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration were studied. The influence of the pH of the metal ion solutions on the uptake levels of the metal ions by the different adsorbents used were carried out between pH 4 and pH 11. The optimum pH for copper and zinc removal was 6 in the case of peanut husk charcoal and natural zeolite, and it was 8 in case of fly ash. An equilibrium time of 2h was required for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto peanut husk charcoal and fly ash and an equilibrium time 3h was required for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto natural zeolite. Adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, but the experimental data were better fitted to the Langmuir equation than to Freundlich equation. The results showed that peanut husk charcoal, fly ash and natural zeolite all hold potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater in the order fly ash<peanut husk charcoal<natural zeolite.
This study is to search for possibilities of supplying the load demand of Kavakli campus of Kirklareli University with solar energy and the fuel cell power generating system (electrolyzer/hydrogen tank/fuel cell) by using the HOMER software due to the fact that hybrid power systems with renewables can significantly reduce emissions which are caused by utilization of non-renewable power sources. In this study, various hybrid systems will be examined and compared among themselves considering cost of energy (COE), renewable fraction, total net present cost (NPC) and hydrogen production. Additionally, this study will seek whether a fuel cell can be integrated into the hybrid systems. According to the study results, the grid connected systems appear cost-effective as expected. Although the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system has the lowest COE and NPC, the grid-connected PV/fuel cell hybrid system with COE, 0.294$/kWh has a slightly higher cost than the optimum one. It is strongly believed that this system may be chosen because it is a cleaner system and its emissions are fairly low.
Nanosize tin particles (Sn-PMCMT) embedded in electrically conducting porous multichannel carbon microtubes are synthesized by co-electrospinning followed by air stabilization and carbonization in Ar/H2 atmosphere. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that the material is nanostructured with nanosize Sn particles well embedded into the carbon host matrix. Composite electrodes prepared using Sn-PMCMT, Super-P carbon and Na-carboxymethylcellulose as binder, exhibit a superior rate capability and exceptional cycle life in cell tests at room temperature. Discharge capacities as high as 632 mAh g−1 at 0.7 C rate are obtained during the first galvanostatic cycles. The delivered capacities are still in excess of 350 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles, most of them performed at 2 C rate. These outstanding results represent the highest performance so far reported for this type of electrode.
Tropical and subtropical homegardens often show variation in floristic and structure depending on household characteristics. This research investigated how the household characteristics could influence homegarden vegetation characteristics for 50 randomly selected households in Kalaroa Upazila of Satkhira District, Bangladesh. The central analytical tool to test the relationships between household and homegarden characteristics was multiple linear regression. The results revealed that household landholdings, income, homestead size, and time spent for homegardening were strong predictors of homegarden vegetation characteristics. Economic conditions of the household, experience of the household head, and homegarden investment explained 48 % of the total plant diversity. The combined effects of all significant variables explained about 57 % of the variability in species richness. If homegarden species composition and structure receive attention by concerned authorities, the development of economically viable and ecologically sustainable homegardens can be one aim of the policy guidelines with regard to natural resource conservation and sustainable management basis in Bangladesh could act as a principal source for employment of women in rural Bangladesh.
A new method for state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL) estimations for lithium-ion batteries using Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) and the Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC) method is proposed. In this work, an empirical model based on the physical degradation behavior of lithium-ion batteries is developed. Model parameters are initialized by combining sets of training data based on DST. BMC is then used to update the model parameters and predict the RUL based on available data through battery capacity monitoring. As more data become available, the accuracy of the model in predicting RUL improves. Two case studies demonstrating this approach are presented.
Monoclinic Li3V2-xTmx(PO4)3/C with different Tm3+-doping contents (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) have been successfully synthesized for the first time via a conventional solid-state reaction. The effect of Tm3+-doping on the crystalline structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C has been investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical measurements. The same phase-pure monoclinic structure of Tm3+-doped Li3V2(PO4)3/C sample can be obtained from XRD results while the particle size is smaller than that of pristine Li3V2(PO4)3/C. The Li3V1.97Tm0.03(PO4)3/C composite exhibits the most excellent electrochemical performance among all the samples. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.8V, the Li3V1.97Tm0.03(PO4)3/C sample delivers a very high initial discharge capacity of 181.2mAhg−1 at 0.1C, significantly higher than that of pristine Li3V2(PO4)3/C (170.1mAhg−1). Moreover, it can still deliver a discharge capacity of 141mAhg−1 and 123.3mAhg−1 at 5.0 and 10.0C, respectively, and sustain 95.2% and 93.4% of capacity retention after 20 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrate that the reversibility of pristine Li3V2(PO4)3/C is enhanced and the charge-transfer resistance is reduced after Tm3+-doping at V sites. These improved electrochemical performance can be contributed to the appropriate addition of Tm3+-doping in Li3V2(PO4)3/C system by enhancing structural stability and electrical conductivity.
A new manufacturing technique for positive plates for valve-regulated lead–acid batteries has been developed. This involves a novel paste-preparation method which employs hydrogen peroxide to replace the traditionally used sulfuric acid. After pasting, the plates can be assembled into groups and placed directly into a battery case. Formation can then be performed without the plates undergoing the conventional curing process. Such a non-curing process could reduce production time and costs. More importantly, the resulting plates provide good flexibility which is particularly suitable for spirally-wound battery designs.
The capacitive behavior of various composite thin films composed of polyaniline (PANI) polymerized by cyclic voltammetry and platinum microparticles deposited by potentiostatic or pulse-rest techniques was systematically compared using cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. These composite films, exhibiting the highly electrochemical reversibility of redox reactions, high power property and good stability between −200 and 600 mV, were demonstrated to be potential candidates for the electrode materials of electrochemical supercapacitors. The effect of the dispersion degree of Pt particles within the composite films on the electrochemical characteristics and stability of the PANI–Pt composite films was discussed. The crystalline information, surface morphologies and platinum distribution profiles of these organic–inorganic composite films were, respectively, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).