batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage but limited by the poor diffusion kinetics of the cathodes. Hybrid ion batteries, which combine both the advantages of fast alkali metal ions intercalation cathode and dendrite-free Mg anode that exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performance, are an option. Herein, a novel NaTi2(PO4)3 nanowire clusters (NTP-NW/C) as hybrid magnesium-sodium ion batteries (MSIBs) cathode is presented for the first time. Combining the advantages of NTP nanowires and the homogeneous carbon skeleton, the novel 3D hierarchical structure endows short ion transport pathway, fast charge transfer speed and robust structure stability during sodiation/de-sodiation. As a result, the hybrid MSIB showed good electrochemical performances: a high reversible capacity of 124 mA h g−1 at 1 C, good rate capability (60 mA h g−1 at 10 C) and cycling stability (capacity retention of 97% after 100 cycles at 5 C). This novel design will be highly promising for large-scale energy storage applications.
We present in-vivo study related to the use of our implantable RF telemetry system for pressure-volume (PV) cardiac monitoring in a animal subject. We implant a commercial MEMS PV sensor into the subject’s heart left-ventricle (LV), while the telemetry system is implanted outside of the heart and connected to the sensor with a 7-microwires tether. The RF telemetry system is suitable for commercial application in medium sized subjects, its total volume of 2.475cm3 and a weight of 4.0g. Our designed system is 58 % smaller in volume, 44 % in weight and has a 55 % reduction in sampling power over the last reported research in PV telemetry. In-vivo data was captured in both an acute and a freely moving setting over a 24 hour period. We experimentally demonstrated viability of the methodology that includes the surgical procedure and real-time monitoring of the in-vivo data in a freely moving subject. Further improvements in catheter design will improve the data quality and safety of the subject. This real–time implantable technology allows for researchers to quantify cardiac pathologies by extracting real–time pressure-volume loops, wirelessly from within freely moving subjects.
Energy in buildings covers a major and wide range of subject, which has attracted a great interest of the academic sector in recent years. Due to the high share of the global primary energy consumption associated with buildings, many studies have been published toward energy efficient buildings and the reduction of their primary energy consumption and energy management and optimization, for both Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and non-RES. As a result, a plethora of methods for managing the energy consumption and optimizing the integration of the RES in buildings have been proposed. The optimized dispatch of battery energy seems a promising method for managing the energy consumption profiles within buildings and achieving energy targets such as nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs). The current paper attempts a review of various studies related to convex mathematical optimization techniques for reducing the energy consumption in buildings, in real-time and via storage, either with or without integrated RES.
Aguirre and D'Esposito (1999) suggested a taxonomy and theoretical framework for understanding topographical disorders. One of the problems they described involved egocentric disorientation, in which deficits are not strictly confined to the topographical sphere but are seen on a wide variety of visuo-spatial paradigms. Here, we report a neuropsychological investigation of MU, a person with egocentric disorientation. To test the usefulness of Aguirre and D'Esposito's framework, we administered tests which were predicted to be easy or difficult for people with egocentric disorientation to show that MU was impaired on tasks sensitive to egocentric disorientation and that he showed adequate performance on tests sensitive to other types of topographical representation. Thus MU showed normal performance on a test of recognition of famous landmarks and he could identify photographs of personally familiar places in his home town, yet he could not say how to get from a recognised building to another place in his environment. His performance fulfils the criteria for egocentric disorientation and fits the predictions derived from Aguirre and D'Esposito's views.
Abstract Magnetoelectric (ME) composites with magnetic-mechanical-electrical coupling have recently found numerous applications in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. As a magnetic field sensor, the ME composite can be used to develop energy harvesters and microrobot localization techniques. The ME transducers can generate displacement with a high degree of precision wirelessly in response to the applied external magnetic field. Power generated by ME energy harvesters from an ambient magnetic field or vibration can be used to control the embedded medical components. In this chapter, we describe the promising nature of ME composites for the wireless endoscopy, brain imaging, and surgical tools. Wireless capsule endoscopy can provide automated and continuous monitoring of the human body and, combined with ME sensors, it can be used to precisely monitor the region of interest. Miniature ME sensors with high sensitivity have the promise of performing biomagnetic measurements and are being targeted for noninvasive brain imaging. An example demonstration of a brain-controlled robotic hand is presented that illustrates the futuristic concept of brain-controlled machines. Lastly, a conceptual surgical tool utilizing self-sensing ME composites is proposed that could increase the safety in performing surgical procedures.
Nanostructuring has been shown to be fruitful in addressing the problems of high-capacity Si anodes. However, issues with the high cost and poor Coulombic efficiencies of nanostructured Si still need to be resolved. Si microparticles are a low-cost alternative but, unlike Si nanoparticles, suffer from unavoidable particle fracture during electrochemical cycling, thus making stable cycling in a real battery impractical. Here we introduce a method to encapsulate Si microparticles (∼1–3 µm) using conformally synthesized cages of multilayered graphene. The graphene cage acts as a mechanically strong and flexible buffer during deep galvanostatic cycling, allowing the microparticles to expand and fracture within the cage while retaining electrical connectivity on both the particle and electrode level. Furthermore, the chemically inert graphene cage forms a stable solid electrolyte interface, minimizing irreversible consumption of lithium ions and rapidly increasing the Coulombic efficiency in the early cycles. We show that even in a full-cell electrochemical test, for which the requirements of stable cycling are stringent, stable cycling (100 cycles; 90% capacity retention) is achieved with the graphene-caged Si microparticles.
Compatibility of LiF + anion receptors/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte solution with high potential positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries was examined by cyclic voltammetry. As anion receptors, tripropyl borate (TPB), tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB), and tris(hexafluoroisopropyl) borate (THFIPB) were used. LiCoPO4 thin-film electrodes were prepared by sol–gel method and used as both carbon- and binder-free model electrodes. From cyclic voltammograms, LiCoPO4 showed better cycleability in 0.1 mol dm−3 LiF + 0.1 mol dm−3 THFIPB/PC, however, other anion receptors did not give positive influence. It is indicated that the surface protecting layer from F−-THFIPB complex and made LiCoPO4 stable. Electrochemical behavior depending on anion receptors was discussed according to reaction activity of F−.
Metallic iron (Fe0) is a reactive material that is widely used for industrial water treatment. The course of the metal ion removal process using Fe0 (iron powder) was monitored electrochemically (differential pulse polarography). As probe species, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were selected for their different (1) adsorptive affinity to iron corrosion products (FeCPs), (2) redox properties, (3) precipitation ability at various pH. Batch experiments were carried out with binary (Zn2+/ Pb2+ and Zn2+/ Cd2+) and ternary (Zn2+/Cd2+/Pb2+) systems to reveal the mutual interference of these cations. Detailed time monitoring of iron aging for up to 14 days as well as concentration decay of individual removed cations represent important data for mechanistic discussions. The aqueous concentration of Fe2+ was also monitored. FeCPs were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the presence of Pb2+ delays the Zn2+ removal whereas the presence of Cd2+ in solution accelerates its removal. The removal of Pb2+ by FeCPs was not affected by the presence of Zn2+ and Cd2+, moreover, the Pb2+ inhibited the effect of Cd2+ on the removal of Zn2+. XPS has proven existence of Fe2O3 and hydrated Fe oxidic phase, whilst the SEM showed that the original Fe grains were partly dissolved into buffered ambient under formation of fine particles of FeCPs. Results confirm that reductive transformation of any contaminant in a Fe0/H2O system is the consequence and not the cause of iron corrosion.
An increase in the number of revertant colonies in the Ames test is generally taken as a strong indication of mutagenic activity of a test compound. However, irrelevant positive findings may constitute a major problem in regulatory drug testing. In this study, mixtures containing only amino acids such as glycine, lysine, arginine and isoleucine, routinely used as peptide preservatives in polypeptide pharmaceutical products, were investigated for mutagenesis in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium test. The results demonstrated that in the presence of metabolic activation, all the solutions containing arginine induced an increase in the number of revertant colonies in strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535 compared with the solvent control. More specifically, for strain TA98, all arginine doses tested, i.e. from 0.4 to 8mg/plate induced a statistically significant increase in the number of revertants. This increase was biologically significant from 1.2 to 8mg/plate. For strain TA100, the five highest test doses, i.e. from 1.2 to 8mg/plate, induced statistically and biologically significant increases in the number of revertants. A statistically significant increase in colony number was also observed in strain TA1535, but only at the maximal test dose of 8mg/plate arginine. These increases were observed with arginine from two different sources, suggesting that the observed effect would not be due to the presence of potential impurities in the type of arginine used. Our findings show that a functional metabolic activation system was required to induce an increase in the number of colonies. The presence of vitamin C inhibited the arginine-induced increase in the number of revertant colonies in S. typhimurium strain TA98, suggesting a potential involvement of oxidative stress.
Objectives This study investigated tests of hip muscle strength and functional performance. The specific objectives were to: (i) establish intra- and inter-rater reliability; (ii) compare differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs; (iii) compare agonist and antagonist muscle strength ratios; (iv) compare differences between genders; and (v) examine relationships between hip muscle strength, baseline measures and functional performance. Design Reliability study and cross-sectional analysis of hip strength and functional performance. Methods In healthy adults aged 18–50years, normalised hip muscle peak torque and functional performance were evaluated to: (i) establish intra-rater and inter-rater reliability; (ii) analyse differences between limbs, between antagonistic muscle groups and genders; and (iii) associations between strength and functional performance. Results Excellent reliability (intra-rater ICC=0.77–0.96; inter-rater ICC=0.82–0.95) was observed. No difference existed between dominant and non-dominant limbs. Differences in strength existed between antagonistic pairs of muscles: hip abduction was greater than adduction (p <0.001) and hip ER was greater than IR (p <0.001). Men had greater ER strength (p =0.006) and hop for distance (p <0.001) than women. Strong associations were observed between measures of hip muscle strength (except hip flexion) and age, height, and functional performance. Conclusions Deficits in hip muscle strength or functional performance may influence hip pain. In order to provide targeted rehabilitation programmes to address patient-specific impairments, and determine when individuals are ready to return to physical activity, clinicians are increasingly utilising tests of hip strength and functional performance. This study provides a battery of reliable, clinically applicable tests which can be used for these purposes.
A virtual square grid-based coverage algorithm (VSGCA) is proposed in this paper. Each sensor node divides its sensing range into virtual square grids, if all the grids are covered by neighbors, the target node is redundant node. Compared with some previous algorithms, VSGCA can guarantee the coverage and connectivity in the whole network and has a computational complexity of O(n×M), which is less than most of other algorithms. Simulation results show that VSGCA can achieve better performance with fewer active nodes and lower computational complexity.
Collaborations among nZEBs (e.g. renewable energy sharing and battery sharing) can improve the nZEBs' performance at the cluster level. To enable such collaborations, existing studies have developed many demand response control methods to control the operation of nZEB systems. Unfortunately, due to lack of consideration of demand prediction uncertainty, most of the demand response control methods fail to achieve the desired performance. A few methods have considered the impacts of uncertainty, but they merely perform simple and limited collaborations among nZEBs, and thus they cannot achieve the optimal performance at the cluster level. This paper, therefore, proposes a nZEB control method that enables full collaborations among nZEBs and takes account of the demand prediction uncertainty. The proposed robust control method first analyzes the demand prediction uncertainty, next optimizes the nZEB cluster operation under uncertainty, and then coordinates single nZEB's operation using the cluster operational parameters. The performance of the robust control has been studied and compared with a deterministic control. Case studies show that the robust control can effectively increase the cluster load matching and reduce the grid interaction with the demand prediction uncertainty existed. The proposed method can achieve robust performance improvements for the nZEB cluster in practice particularly as uncertainty exists.
Using a bottom-up cost model, we assess the impact of initial factory capital expenditure (capex) on photovoltaic (PV) module minimum sustainable price (MSP) and industry-wide trends. We find capex to have two important impacts on PV manufacturing. First, capex strongly influences the per-unit MSP of a c-Si module: we calculate that the capex-related elements sum to 22% of MSP for an integrated wafer, cell, and module manufacturer. This fraction provides a significant opportunity to reduce MSP toward the U.S. DOE SunShot module price target through capex innovation. Second, a combination of high capex and low margins leads to a poor financial rate of return, which limits the growth rate of PV module manufacturing capacity. We quantify the capex of Czochralski-based crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV manufacturing, summing to 0.68 $/WaCap ($ per annual production capacity in watts, $year/W) from wafer to module and 1.01 $/WaCap from polysilicon to module. At a sustainable operating margin determined by the MSP methodology for our bottom-up scenario, we calculate the sustainable growth rate of PV manufacturing capacity to be ∼19% annually – below the historical trend of ∼50% annually. We conclude with a discussion of innovation opportunities to reduce the capex of PV manufacturing through both incremental and disruptive process innovation with c-Si, platform innovations, and financial approaches.
This paper focuses on the choice of the optimal pore size and the effect of pore size dispersion, which is important for the rational design of nanoporous supercapacitors. Optimization of the pore size of nanoporous carbon electrodes is discussed in terms of the maximal stored energy density. By applying a previously developed theory, and supporting it by newly performed experiments, we find that the energy density is a non-monotonic function of the pore size of monodisperse porous electrodes. The ‘optimal’ pore size that provides the maximal energy density increases with increasing operating voltage and saturates at high voltages. We also analyse how the pore size distribution affects the voltage dependent capacitance and the stored energy density, and show that the latter is maximized for monodisperse electrodes.
An important question influencing therapy for dizziness is whether the strengths of the relationships of emotional and functional aspects of dizziness to 1) anxiety and other mental states, 2) perceived state of health (SoH) and quality of life (QoL) are different in patients with and without normal balance control. We attempted to answer this question by examining these dimensions’ regression strengths with Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores.
A novel method for the determination of trace lead in Yellow River using ammonium molybdate (AM) as a molecular probe based on resonance light scattering (RLS) has been developed. In the presence of KHC8H4O4–NaOH buffer solution, Pb2+ can react with AM to form an association, which results in the significant enhancement of RLS intensity and the appearance of the corresponding RLS characteristics. The enhanced RLS intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of Pb2+ in the range of 0.01–1.0μgmL−1. The detection limit can achieve 1.89ngmL−1. Moreover, the characteristics of RLS spectra of the complexes, the optimum conditions and the influencing factors have been investigated. The method has high selectivity and sensitivity, and was applied to the determination of Pb2+ in Yellow River with satisfactory results, which was in agreement with that of atomic absorbance spectrometry (AAS).
Abstract Transportation is one of the major global consumers of energy, currently representing 20% of aggregate energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Strong growth in energy consumption to 2050 is projected in all sectors, with the transport proportion projected to remain stable up to 2050. In parallel, energy consumed by transportation results in numerous pressures: on human health, on the environment, and on the planet. Several measures have been taken to reduce these pressures. As a result, air pollution induced by transportation has been significantly reduced, although the effect on planet (greenhouse effect) is a remaining issue to be addressed.
Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as potential alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. This study presents a prospective life cycle assessment for the production of a sodium-ion battery with a layered transition metal oxide as a positive electrode material and hard carbon as a negative electrode material on the battery component level. The complete and transparent inventory data are disclosed, which can easily be used as a basis for future environmental assessments. Na-ion batteries are found to be promising under environmental aspects, showing, per kWh of storage capacity, environmental impacts at the lower end of the range published for current Li-ion batteries. Still significant improvement potential is given, especially by reducing the environmental impacts associated with the hard carbon production for the anode and by reducing the nickel content in the cathode active material. For the hard carbons, the use of organic waste can be considered to be promising in this regard. Nevertheless, when looking at the energy storage capacity over lifetime, achieving a high cycle life and good charge–discharge efficiency is fundamental. This represents the main challenge especially when competing with LFP–LTO type Li-Ion batteries, which already show extraordinarily long lifetimes.
GeO2-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were prepared by a simple freeze-drying method. After thermal annealing in N2 atmosphere at 450°C for 2hours, the composites were examined as anode materials of sodium ion batteries for the first time. Their morphology, structure and electrochemical performance were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. A maximum specific capacity of 330mAhg−1 can be achieved after 50 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1 by tuning the RGO content in the composites. Even after 650 cycles at a high current density of 1Ag−1, the specific capacity can still maintain at 153.7mAhg−1, demonstrating the excellent Na ion storage properties of the GeO2-RGO composites.
In many mentally ill children, a new phenotype of affective and behavioural dysregulation can be observed. Not much is known about development and maintenance of this phenotype. A possible risk factor that has been suggested is disturbed sleep. The co-occurrence of sleep disturbances and psychiatric symptoms is significant and it has been postulated that there are specific patterns of sleep disturbances for different psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study, therefore, is to investigate the specific relation of sleep disturbances and affective dysregulation in school children and whether a specific pattern of sleep disturbances is associated with or of predictive value for affective dysfunctions. 4,774 school children took part in the Cologne Sleep Study and emotional disturbances and sleep abnormalities were assessed by parent reports. Of the sample, 206 children were identified as showing signs of severe affective and behavioural dysregulation (DP), 276 children were reported as showing a subclinical form (SUB-DP). Both groups reported significantly more sleep disturbances than healthy controls with moderate to large effect sizes. Differences between SUB-DP and DP exist, however, were not of clinical relevance (d < 0.03). Particularly, emotional problems were associated with sleep disturbances with small to moderate correlation coefficients. The regression analysis revealed a small, but significant influence of impaired daytime behaviour on affective dysregulation with 16.1 % of variance being explained. No specific patterns of sleep disturbances could be identified. However, impaired sleep and daytime behaviour in both the SUB-DP and DP group are indicated. Consequently, practitioners should address sleep problems in children with affective dysregulation.