batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Alderson AL, Novack TA. Reliable serial measurement of cognitive processes in rehabilitation: the Cognitive Log. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:668-72. Objective: To evaluate the reliability and utility of a brief quantitative measure of cognitive recovery, the Cognitive Log (Cog-Log), developed for daily use with rehabilitation inpatients to provide information about the recovery of higher neurocognitive processes including verbal recall, attention, working memory, motor sequencing, and response inhibition. Design: Descriptive study of the Cog-Log’s normative scores, reliability (interrater, internal consistency), and validity as shown by its relationship to standard neuropsychologic measures. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital affiliated with a large university medical center. Participants: One hundred fifty neurorehabilitation inpatients with acquired brain injury; 83 young adults without acquired brain injury were included to provide normative data. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The Cog-Log; standardized neuropsychologic measures of memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), language, attention (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised), and reasoning (Trail Making Test). Results: Reliability analysis showed strong interrater reliability across items (Spearman r, .749–1.00) and high internal consistency (Cronbach α=.778). Factor analysis of the Cog-Log using principal components extraction revealed a unitary factor (eigenvalue=3.48). Cog-Log items designed to measure working memory and immediate and delayed verbal memory were most strongly predictive of performance on similar standardized neuropsychologic measures administered on the same day. Conclusion: The Cog-Log appears to be a reliable and efficient tool for measuring ongoing neurocognitive recovery during inpatient rehabilitation.
Lithium metal is considered to be the optimal choice of next-generation anode materials due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, the growth of dendritic and mossy lithium for rechargeable Li metal batteries lead to the possible short circuiting and subsequently serious safety issues during charge/discharge cycles. For the further practical applications of Li anode, here we report a facile method for fabricating robust interfacial layer via in-situ olefin polymerization. The resulting polymer layer effectively suppresses the formation of Li dendrites and enables the long-term operation of Li metal batteries. Using Li-S cells as a test system, we also demonstrate an improved capacity retention with the protection of tetramethylethylene-polymer. Our results indicate that this method could be a promising strategy to tackle the intrinsic problems of lithium metal anodes and promote the development of Li metal batteries.
Prussian Blue (PB, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) is utilized to synthesize bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3/Mx[Fe(CN)6], M = Cu, Ni, Co, etc.) by cation exchange, driven by differences in solubility product constant (Ksp) of monometallic MOFs. Upon decomposition, the bimetallic MOFs convert to porous composite metal oxides (Fe2O3/MOx, M = Cu, Ni, Co, etc.) while keeping the original cubic morphology. This study demonstrates a general approach for preparing bimetallic MOFs and porous composite oxides. We also demonstrate the good electrochemical performance (specific capacity of 774 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at 500 mA g−1) of the synthesized porous Fe2O3–CuO composite as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. And according to references, this composite exhibit better or comparable rate capability and cycle stability compared with other hybrid transition metal oxides.
Transitional metal oxides are promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities and material abundance; however, their sodium storage capability is significantly hindered by the sluggish sodiation/desodiation reaction kinetics. Herein, towards achieving fast and durable sodiation/desodiation reaction, Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanocrystals encapsulated in carbon micro-spheres are synthesized via a biochemistry approach using recombinant elastin-like polypeptides containing hexahistidine tag (ELP16-His) followed by annealing. Fe3O4 and Co3O4 nanocrystals of approximately 5nm in size, which are uniformly dispersed in a carbon matrix, are obtained. The carbon-encapsulated metal oxides exhibit encouraging sodium storage capacities (657 and 246mAhg−1 at 0.1 and 2Ag−1, respectively, for carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4; 583 and 183mAhg−1 at 0.1 and 2Ag−1, respectively, for carbon-encapsulated Co3O4), and have a high capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.5Ag−1. The superior electrochemical properties of the carbon-encapsulated metal oxide nanocrystals demonstrate their potential for use as anode materials for high-capacity, high-rate and durable sodium storage.
Future generations of wearable electronic systems and mobile communication place a great demand for harvesting energy from ambient environments or human movements. Soft fiber-based electric power generators are attractive in meeting the requirements of wearable devices because of efficient energy conversion performance, high durability and comfort. In this paper, we present a novel all-fiber wearable electric power nanogenerator, which consists of a PVDF–NaNbO3 nanofiber nonwoven fabric as an active piezoelectric component, and an elastic conducting knitted fabric, made from segmented polyurethane and silver coated polyamide multifilament yarns, as the top and bottom electrodes. The non-uniform deformation distribution in a compressed nanogenerator device determines the complex operating modes in the piezoelectric nanofiber nonwoven fabric. The nanogenerator consistently produces a peak open-circuit voltage of 3.4 V and a peak current of 4.4 μA in cyclic compression tests at 1 Hz and a maximum pressure of 0.2 MPa, which is comparable to normal human walking motion. More importantly, the all-fiber nanogenerator retains its performance after 1000000 compression cycles, demonstrating great promise as a wearable energy harvester that converts the mechanical energy of human movement into electricity.
Highly efficient, low-cost catalysts, especially with bifunctional electrocatalytic capabilities for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are vital for the wide commercialization of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this study, BaMnO3 - a non-rare-earth element based perovskite nanorods have been prepared and investigated for the first time, and a thin carbon-coating with a thickness of approximately 10nm has been successfully introduced to enhance the electrical conductivity of the bare perovskite. Electrochemical tests reveal that bare BaMnO3 nanorods exhibit very good catalytic activity. More interestingly, a remarkably enhanced ORR activity for the perovskite BaMnO3 nanorods was observed after coating with a thin layer of carbon, which dominated with a direct four-electron pathway. Meanwhile, the OER process has also been enhanced extraordinarily with the carbon-coating, reaching a maximum of 14.8mAcm−2 at 1.0V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is far superior to both the bare BaMnO3 nanorods and commercial Pt/C (20wt%) catalysts. Furthermore, the stabilities of bare BaMnO3 nanorods for both ORR and OER have also been improved dramatically with the help of carbon coating. These results shed light on the significant potential application of the carbon-coated perovskite BaMnO3 porous nanorods on fuel cells and metal-air batteries as an efficient bi-functional catalyst.
As the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology has great advancement, small and smart WSN systems now can be used for more complicated and challenging applications. WSNs investigation has primarily believed the use of a convenient and inadequate energy source for empowering the sensors. A sensor becomes useless in the absence of energy and becomes unable to contribute to the utility of the network as a group. Therefore, extensive efforts have been used in finding energy-efficient networking protocols for increasing the life span of WSNs. However, there are promising WSN applications where the sensors are obligatory to work for a long time after their deployments. In these cases, batteries are tough or impractical to replace/recharge. Although, a little amount of power is required for these applications, the useable lifetime of WSNs is decreased by the gradual degradation of the batteries. With the motivation of raising the usable WSNs around us and to value a number of economic and environmental limitations, researchers are looking for new green and theoretically unlimited energy sources. Harvesting of energy from the ambient energy is the basement of these new sources. Energy harvesting devices efficiently and effectively capture, accumulate, store, condition, and manage this energy and supply it in a form that can be used to empower WSNs. This harvested energy can be an alternative energy source for adding-on a principal power source and thus increase the consistency of the whole WSN by preventing the disruption of power. A great deal of research has been reviewed and specific ranges of applications have been found. Though there are challenges to overcome, different researchers have taken different approaches to solve those. In this review, we have emphasized on different scopes, challenges, ideas and actions of energy harvesting for WSNs.
Chestnut-like SnO2 and SnO2/C nanocomposites with hierarchical structures are synthesized by hydrothermally oxidizing Sn nanoparticles in glucose solution. Structural characterizations using SEM and TEM reveal that the SnO2 nanoparticles are composed of numerous, randomly arranged SnO2 nanosheets with hollow cores. Owing to the short electron and ion diffusion distances and transformation strain accommodation mechanism of this structure the new SnO2/C nanocomposites exhibit enhanced lithium ion storage properties with a capacity of ~930mAhg−1 and capacity retention of about 96% after 100 cycles at 0.1C. An in situ TEM study of the electrochemically driven lithiation/delithiation of SnO2/C nanocomposites reveals that their enhanced cycling stability is mainly facilitated by the limited volume expansion and excellent mechanical robustness of the hollow chestnuts.
This paper presents the results of a study conducted at a rural (island) community to understand the role of PV hybrid system installed on an island. Until 2004, most islanders had installed diesel generators in their homes to generate electricity, which was directly supplied to appliances or stored in the batteries for later use. A field survey was carried out to study the user satisfaction of the PV hybrid system in the island community. The attitude of islanders to the PV hybrid system was mostly positive. The islanders can use more electricity, the supply of which can meet the demand. A comparison of pollutions before and after installation of the PV hybrid system was made along with the interviews with the users. The data show that the users are highly satisfied with the PV hybrid system which can reduce environmental impact, especially air and noise pollutions. New opportunities as a result of access to electric service include studying and reading at night that were not possible earlier. All the islanders use the PV hybrid system and more importantly, no one found that the system made their life worse as compared to the earlier state of affairs.
We present an innovative approach to healthcare worker (HCW) training using mobile phones as a personal learning environment.
Modern applications, such as wireless communication systems or hybrid electric vehicles operate at high power fluctuations. For some applications, where the power frequencies are high (above some 10 or 100Hz) it is possible to filter the high frequencies using passive components; yet this results in additional costs. In other applications, where the dynamic time constants are in the range up to some seconds, filtering cannot be done. Batteries are hence operated with the dynamic loads. But what happens under these dynamic operation conditions? This paper describes the fundamentals of the dynamic characteristics of batteries in a frequency range from some MHz down to the mHz range. As the dynamic behaviour depends on the actual state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH), it is possible to gain information on the battery state by analysing the dynamic behaviour. High dynamic loads can influence the battery temperature, the battery performance and the battery lifetime.
Orthorhombic phase of niobium pentoxide (T-Nb2O5) has been considered as a potential anode material for sodium ion batteries (NIBs), because it can intercalate a large amount of sodium ion reversibly and durably without structural disruption. However, the inherent deficiency of low electrical conductivity results in a low reversible capacity and poor cycling stability. Here, we achieved the superior sodium storage performance of Nb2O5 by rational design self-supported 3D porous reticular Nb2O5@Carbon (Nb2O5@3D PRS) thin film with interpenetrating network. The film was prepared by a facial electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique. The Nb2O5@3D PRS displays outstanding electrochemical performance, especially long cycle life: it can still deliver a specific capacity of 130 mAh g-1 after 7500 times chare/discharge at high rate of 10 C. Furthermore, Na3V2(PO4)3//Nb2O5 full cells were assembled, the full cell displays a remarkable capacity retention of 105 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 10 C. The excellent sodium storage performance of the Nb2O5@3D PRS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the unique porous structure, the nanosized Nb2O5 particles encapsulated in the carbonaceous matrix, which facilitates the electrochemical kinetics between the Nb2O5 and electrolyte. In addition, the key problems of Na ion insertion in Nb2O5, such as the low degree of reversibility are mitigated. Notably, this method is a general process and can be extended to prepare other electrode materials with 3D porous interpenetrating structure for energy storage application.
Generally, the catalytic overpotentials of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are unavoidable because of the low charge transfer. In this work, two strategies of alloying of Co with Ni and enclosing of electrocatalysts with carbonaceous materials were both used to accelerate the catalytic efficiency of cobalt selenide for water splitting. The nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) layer improves the reaction kinetics by efficient charge transfer. The alloying of metal into composited electrocatalysts can modify the electronic properties of host materials, thereby tuning the adsorption behavior of intermediate and improving the electrocatalytic activity. As expected, Nyquist plots reveal that the charge-transfer resistance (R ct) of nickel cobalt selenide encapsulated into nitrogen-doped carbon layer (CoNiSe/NC-3, Co:Ni = 1:1) are just 5 and 9 Ω for HER and OER, respectively, which are much lower than those of CoSe/NC-1 (Co:Ni = 1:0) (81 and 138 Ω) and CoNiSe/NC-3 without NC (CoNiSe-3) (54 and 25 Ω). With the high charge transfer and porous structure, CoNiSe/NC-3 shows good performance for both HER and OER. When current density reaches 10 mA cm−2, only 100 and 270 mV overpotentials are required for HER and OER, respectively. With the potential of 1.65 V, full water splitting also can be catalyzed by CoNiSe/NC-3 with current density of 20 mA cm−2, suggesting that CoNiSe/NC-3 could be used as replacement for noble metal electrocatalysts.
Poor cyclic performance of electrodes in lithium-ion rechargeable cell batteries is calling for efforts to develop continuum models of diffusion under very large stresses and high solute concentrations. The present work is aimed to develop such a model based on input from atomistic simulations. We consider four fundamental features of highly nonlinear behavior associated with diffusion at high solute concentrations. First, the effect of solute-induced stresses on the activation energy of solute diffusion could be important. Second, the solute concentration may be subject to an upper limit if there exists a stoichiometric maximum concentration. Third, the strong influence of the change in local chemical environment on the interaction energy between solute and host atoms could play a significant role. Fourth, we include the effect of the solute concentration on the Young's modulus of the host material. A continuum model is developed and validated based on atomistic simulations of hydrogen diffusion in nickel. The influences of each feature above are clearly discussed through parametric studies.
The purpose of this article is to understand the state of art of photovoltaic solar energy through a systematic literature research, in which the following themes are approached: ways of obtaining the energy, its advantages and disadvantages, applications, current market, costs and technologies according to what has been approached in the scientific researches published until 2016. For this research, we performed a qualitative and quantitative approach with a non-probabilistic sample size, obtaining 142 articles published since 1996–2016 with a slitting cut. The analysis result of this research shows that studies about photovoltaic energy are rising and may perform an important role in reaching a high-energy demand around the world. To increase the participation of photovoltaic energy in the renewable energy market requires, first, to raise awareness regarding its benefits; to increase the research and development of new technologies; to implement public policies a programs that will encourage photovoltaic energy generation. Although crystal silicon solar cells were predominant, other types of cells have been developed, which can compete, both in terms of cost reduction of production, or in terms of greater efficiency. The main applications are dominated by telecommunications, water pumping, public lighting, BIPV, agriculture, water heating, grain drying, water desalination, space vehicles and satellites. The studies found on photovoltaic solar energy are all technical, thus creating the need for future research related to the economic viability, chain supply coordination, analysis of barriers and incentives to photovoltaic solar energy and deeper studies about the factors that influence the position of such technologies in the market.
Measurements show that the dynamic charge acceptance (DCA) of flooded SLI lead-acid batteries during micro-cycling in conventional and micro-hybrid vehicles is strongly dependent on the short-term history, such as previous charge or discharge, current rate, lowest state of charge in the last 24h and more. Factors of 10 have been reported. Inhomogeneous current distribution, especially as a result of acid stratification, has been suggested to explain the DCA variability. This hypothesis was investigated by simulation of a two-dimensional macrohomogeneous model. It provides a spatial resolution of three elements in horizontal direction in each electrode and three elements in vertical direction. For an existing set of parameters, different current profiles were analyzed with regard to the current distribution during charging and discharging. In these simulations, a strong impact of the short-term history on current, charge and acid density distribution was found as well as a strong influence of micro-cycles on both charge distribution and acid stratification.
Novel thin layer graphite encapsulated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were fabricated via a facile molecular self-assembly approach. This α-Fe2O3@graphite composite, used as anode in LIBs, exhibited a stable specific capacity of 518.5mAhg−1 at the current density of 1000mAg−1 with 88.2% of retention up to 1000 cycles and delivered a reversible capacity of 374mAhg−1 even at 5C rate. The high cyclic stability and superior rate performance may be addressed to the formed graphite coating layer, which can buffer the volume expansion, enhance the structural stability and increase the electrical conductivity of the Fe2O3. Moreover, the thin layer graphite coating structure can provide high specific surface area, sufficient void space to shorten the pathway of Li ions, improve the electrolyte penetration and accelerate the electrochemical Li ion storage.
A new approximate physics-based Lithium-ion cell model is developed by extending the descriptions of the non-uniform reaction distribution effect and the electrolyte concentration/potential distribution effect into single particle model, namely the extended single particle model. In this model, the simplification of the solid-phase diffusion is based on the existing approximate solution where a polynomial is used to approximate the concentration profile inside the particle. Diffusion in the electrolyte and the concentration polarization effect are simplified using the approximate solution based on parabolic profile approximation for the electrolyte concentration distribution. Especially, this model analyzes the mathematical description of the non-uniform reaction distribution effect inside the electrode, and an approximate solution of this effect is obtained by synthetically applying the volume average technique, approximated by the uniform reaction distribution situation, exponential profile approximation and the iterative calculation techniques. Thus the description of the non-uniform reaction distribution effect is successfully extended and the pore wall fluxes at the two current collector interfaces can be accurately predicted. Simulation results show that this model greatly improves the computational efficiency with little loss of accuracy.
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is currently the most important and promising energy storage technology that has captured the portable electronic market, invaded the power tool equipment market, and penetrated the electric vehicle market. The ever-growing demand for its energy capacity necessitates the understanding of (de)lithiation mechanism on a nanoscale, and thus the development of platforms enabling in-situ electrochemical TEM characterization. Sealed liquid cell (SLC) device has been widely recognized as the most desirable platform, since it allows the introduction of commercial volatile electrolytes into TEM. However, a comprehensive review summarizing the current development of SLCs for in-situ TEM LIB research is missing and in urgent need for its benign development. This review article aims to fill this gap.