batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
NRAGE (also known as Maged1, Dlxin) is a member of the MAGE gene family that may play a role in the neuronal apoptosis that is regulated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). To test this hypothesis in vivo, we generated NRAGE knockout mice and found that NRAGE deletion caused a defect in developmental apoptosis of sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical ganglia, similar to that observed in p75NTR knockout mice. Primary sympathetic neurons derived from NRAGE knockout mice were resistant to apoptosis induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a pro-apoptotic p75NTR ligand, and NRAGE-deficient sympathetic neurons show attenuated BDNF-dependent JNK activation. Hair follicle catagen is an apoptosis-like process that is dependent on p75NTR signaling; we show that NRAGE and p75NTR show regulated co-expression in the hair follicle and that identical defects in hair follicle catagen are present in NRAGE and p75NTR knockout mice. Interestingly, NRAGE knockout mice have severe defects in motoneuron apoptosis that are not observed in p75NTR knockout animals, raising the possibility that NRAGE may facilitate apoptosis induced by receptors other than p75NTR. Together, these studies demonstrate that NRAGE plays an important role in apoptotic-signaling in vivo.
A one-dimensional rigorous process model of a single-cell direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is presented. Multi-component mass transport in the diffusion layers and the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is described using the generalised Maxwell–Stefan (MS) equation for porous structures. In the PEM, also local swelling behaviour and non-idealities are accounted for by a Flory–Huggins model for the activities of the mobile species inside the pores of the PEM. Phase equilibria between the pore liquid inside the PEM and those inside the pores of both catalyst layer are formulated based on literature data and activity models. Although two-phase behaviour in both diffusion layers is neglected, the model shows good agreement to own experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions, with respect to methanol and water crossover fluxes as well as to current–voltage characteristics. Only for very low current densities and in the limiting current regime significant deviations between model and experiments are found.
The purpose of this study consists in the investigation of some psychomotor related parameters determining motor coordination (performance coefficient, self-imposed tempo, personal optimum rhythm) that influence the performing of different technical elements. The computerized assessment RCMV, consists in issuing a response by activating the handles or pedals (left/right) according to the squares’ position and number, once these appear on the screen. A number of 108 athletes participated in the study, out of which 52 performed individual sports and 56 performed team sports. Using t test, significant differences between subjects were identified, (p < 0,05), concerning intersegmental coordination.
Objective: To explore the feasibility of a computerized cognitive skill-building program for individuals with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Case study. Setting: Inpatient TBI rehabilitation unit at an urban medical facility. Patient: 20-year-old woman with severe TBI, 65 days post-injury. Patient was out of PTA during study. Interventions: Individual computerized skill-building with InSightTM, a software program previously shown to improve cognitive functioning in adults with cognitive impairments. The program is designed to improve processing speed, attention, memory, and accuracy through a graduated series of five structured exercises presented on a laptop computer. Fourteen 40–45 minute training sessions were scheduled around patient's rehabilitation program over a 3-week period. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. Main Outcome Measures: (1) Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM-4), a validated computerized neuropsychological battery that tests processing speed, working memory, attention, encoding, spatial processing, and accuracy. (2) User Experience Survey and brief interview assessing overall experience and impressions of training program. Results: Patient was able to use the computer with assistance, comprehend instructions, and progress through the program. She reported a positive experience on self-report survey and interview. Gains resulting from intervention in the current study cannot be distinguished from those due to other rehabilitation and spontaneous recovery. However, patient showed improvements in speed on tests of simple reaction time and delayed memory, as well as improved accuracy across all domains tested. Challenges encountered in recruitment, consenting, and study logistics were used to refine procedures for use in an upcoming pilot project of InSightTM on an inpatient unit. Conclusions: Computerized cognitive skill-building program is usable by a subset of individuals with TBI during acute inpatient rehabilitation. Recommendations for increasing the feasibility of this intervention on an inpatient unit are discussed.
Introduction/justification : There is urgent need to source for alternative chemotherapy against trypanosmosis, a disease of major importance in human and economic animals. Materials and Methods : Therefore, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts sequentially obtained from the leaves, stem and root barks of Landolphia uniflora were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as their phytochemical constituents. Results : Steroids and triterpenes, resins, tannins, saponins and flavonosides were detected in almost all the extracts, but alkaloid was absent in methanol extract of the stem and stem, as well as the chloroform extract of the root bark. In vitro, all extracts of the roots displayed significant antitrypanosomal activity, while only the chloroform extracts of the leaves and stem bark showed activity at both test concentrations (4 and 2mg/ml). However, under in vivo condition, the methanol extracts showed the greatest activity, eliminating parasitaemia within the 10 days treatment period and prolonging survival period at 200 and 300mg/kg body weight intramuscular doses. Conclusion : These results suggest that Landolphia uniflora could be useful in the management of trypanosomiasis.
In this work, we deposit a bare and a Cu capped CuSi films (that contains 10 %at. Cu 3μm thicknesses) by magnetron sputtering. The samples are galvanostatically tested with C/12 rate: the Cu capped CuSi film delivers 850mAhg−1 after 30th cycles, and it retains stable up to 100 cycle with 99% coulombic efficiency, whilst the bare CuSi film performs a gradual decrease in capacity over 100 cycles. To understand the electrochemical process kinetics, influence the cycling performance, the impedance is measured by using impedance spectroscopy in equilibrium conditions at various states of charges. The results show Cu atoms being ductile, form a network to prevent the electronic isolation of Si particles or delamination of the film. Plus, they buffer the mechanical stress generated in the electrode following the volumetric changes during cycling. In the presence of the Cu top layer the surface reactivity of the CuSi electrode, and its interaction with the electrolyte, is also changed leading to a stable passive film formation and longer cycle life. Therefore, the top layer does not only exert remarkable favorable effects on the capacity, but also improves the coulombic efficiency and the rate capability of the electrode.
Co3V2O8 hexagonal pyramid was successfully fabricated via a simple hydrothermal process and subsequent heat treatment. The inner structure of the hexagonal pyramid was further adjusted by controlling the size of Co7V4O16(OH)2(H2O) precursors. Hierarchical Co3V2O8 hexagonal pyramid with height of 1μm were orderly constructed from 60–80nm inter-connected particles, showing numerous interval voids. Benefiting from its unique structure, the as-prepared sample showed higher electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries than that of another bulk sample with height of 5μm and adhesive inner structure. When tested at a current density of 500mAg−1, the hierarchical Co3V2O8 hexagonal pyramid exhibited good rate capacity, high cycling stability, and excellent discharge capacity up to 712mA h g−1, making it promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
In this paper, an intelligent prognostic for battery health based on sample entropy (SampEn) feature of discharge voltage is proposed. SampEn can provide computational means for assessing the predictability of a time series and also can quantity the regularity of a data sequence. Therefore, when it is applied to discharge voltage battery data, it could serve an indicator for battery health. In this work, the intelligent ability is introduced by utilizing machine learning methods namely support vector machine (SVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM). SampEn and estimated state of charge (SOH) are employed as data input and target vector of learning algorithms, respectively. The results show that the proposed method is plausible due to the good performance of SVM and RVM in SOH prediction. In our study, RVM outperforms SVM based battery health prognostics.
Large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can reap significant energy and environmental benefits while also reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Nonetheless, accompanying the benefits of electric vehicles, several economic and ecological challenges arise from the production of Lithium-ion batteries, which are currently the most popular type of batteries used in electric vehicles. Remanufacturing is a promising end-of-life strategy and can lead to more sustainable Lithium-ion battery supply chains to support large-scale adoption of electric vehicles. Several factors will dictate the feasibility and effectiveness of remanufacturing, including economic viability, production capability, and battery demand and supply. Unfortunately, while there exists significant research efforts on remanufacturing at the laboratory scale, there lacks research that investigates Lithium-ion battery remanufacturing at the enterprise scale. Motivated by this, in this paper, a state-of-the-art closed loop supply chain network model for Lithium-ion battery remanufacturing considering different quality levels of spent battery returns is proposed. An optimization model is developed to maximize the network profit and a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of several important model parameters on the profitability of the proposed supply chain network. A numerical case study is implemented which shows that 9.81–30.93% increase in profit can be achieved if remanufacturing is integrated in Lithium-ion battery supply chain networks. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that careful implementation of the proposed algorithm coupled with understanding of battery parameters are the keys to implementing cost-effective electric vehicle Lithium-ion battery supply chains. In all, this research will help stimulate the implementation of remanufacturing, promote economically and environmentally sustainable supply chain management in the electric vehicle battery industry, and support the transportation sector in reducing environmental burdens.
In an effort to improve the rate-capability of Li4Ti5O12 anode material, a dual-phase composite Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 is in situ prepared via a solvothermal route. The Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composite shows higher reversible capacity and better rate-capability compared to single phase Li4Ti5O12. The TiO2 can decrease significantly the particle size of Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 powders due to a steric hindrance effect, which thereby shortens the lithium ion diffusion distance and enhances the electrode reaction. Meanwhile, anatase TiO2 can contribute some capacity to the Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 electrode. Coating the Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composite with carbon (∼2.5 wt.%) can further improve the rate-capability of Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 electrode, a reversible capacity of ∼140 mA h g−1 is maintained after 100 cycles at 5 C.
A floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method has been developed to synthesize carbon nanotubes doped with a high concentration of nitrogen. Their electrochemical performance as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in comparison to pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the nitrogen content reaches as high as 16.4at.%. Bamboo-like compartments were fabricated as shown by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. High concentration nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (HN-CNTs) show approximately double reversible capacity of CNTs: 494mAhg−1 vs. 260mAhg−1, and present a much better rate capability than CNTs. The significantly superior electrochemical performance could be related to the high electrical conductivity and the larger number of defect sites in HN-CNTs for anodes of LIBs.
Binary composites comprised of metal oxides and graphene with novel microstructure prepared via a simple, rapid and high-efficiency strategy is of key significance for the development of high-performance supercapacitor. In this work, Co3O4 nanoparticles with average size of 10 nm were in situ grown on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets via a time-saving sonochemical treatment, to yield Co3O4/RGO composites with a unique sandwich structure. The RGO skeleton supported the uniform growth of Co3O4 nanoparticles onto it, inhibiting the restacking of graphene nanosheets and affording a large surface area for more effective ion accessibility. Moreover, the excellent electrical conductivity of RGO network ensured the fast electron transfer at Co3O4/RGO interfaces to facilitate the pseudo-capacitive reaction of Co3O4. As a supercapacitor electrode, Co3O4/graphene composite exhibited a high-specific capacitance of 276.6 F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A g−1 and retained 210 F g−1 at 10 A g−1, indicating an excellent rate capability. Furthermore, the composite electrode demonstrated a good cycling stability with 92.4% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The superior capacitance performance of the composite electrode was attributed to the pseudo-capacitance effect of Co3O4 nanoparticles combined with the electrical double-layer capacitor contribution of RGO nanosheets.
Graphene and ionic liquids are promising candidates for electrode materials and electrolytes, respectively, for modern energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Understanding the interactions at the interfacial region between these materials is crucial for optimizing the overall performance and efficiency of supercapacitors. The interfacial region between graphene and an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is analyzed in a combined experimental and computational study. This dual approach reveals that the imidazolium-based cations mostly orient themselves parallel to the graphene surface due to π–π stacking interaction and form a primary interfacial layer, which is subsequently capped by a layer of anions from the ionic liquid. However, it also becomes apparent that the molecular interplay at the interfacial region is highly influenced by functional group defects on the graphene surface, in particular by hydroxyl groups.
With their unique structural, mechanical, and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes are promising candidates for use as anode material in lithium ion batteries. As an allotrope of graphite, carbon nanotubes have already been presented as a competitive lithium storage material. What is more, carbon nanotubes can be a critical component in nanostructured anode materials with greatly improved capacity and cyclability. Carbon nanotubes have demonstrated to be very effective buffering components, and can serve as the backbone in nanostructured anode materials since they can alleviate the degradation of the structural integrity that often results from the significant volume change associated with the charging and discharging process. In addition, the highly conductive carbon nanotubes offer enhanced electronic transport in these nanostructured anode materials. This paper reviews the recent progress of using carbon nanotubes as components of anode material to improve the performance of lithium ion batteries.
In order to enhance the electrochemical performance of spherical spinel LiMn2O4, an in situ coating technique with Li2ZrO3 is successfully developed. The structure and morphology of the Li2ZrO3 coated LiMn2O4 are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The results reveal that the Li2ZrO3 coating uniformly deposited on the surface of the spherical spinel LiMn2O4 with a thickness of 3nm. In addition, the electrochemical performances of the Li2ZrO3 coated LiMn2O4 and no-coating LiMn2O4 samples are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge-discharge tests. It has been found that the electrochemical performance of spherical spinel LiMn2O4 is obviously enhanced. Particularly, the 3wt.% Li2ZrO3 coated LiMn2O4 sample exhibits excellent cycling performance with 99.0% and 90.2% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C at 25°C and 55°C, which are apparently higher than 89.9% and 58.0% of no-coating spinel LiMn2O4. Therefore, it can be considered that a thin Li2ZrO3 coating layer is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4, especially the elevated temperature performance.
In many locations, grids are energized only by diesel generators (DG-only systems). Due to the requirements such as cost reduction and performance improvement, solar panels and batteries have increasingly been introduced into these grids. Nonetheless, many initiatives to hybridize the grids are still thwarted because of the high initial investment. In this work, a gradual diesel replacement strategy is proposed. The strategy starts with a lower initial investment and gradually adds solar panels and batteries in the subsequent years using accumulated savings from the lower diesel consumption. An Indonesian island is used as a case study to validate the proposed strategy. When only diesel generators are used, the life-cycle cost over a period of 25 years is 10.53 mil. USD. It is demonstrated through optimization that by lowering the initial investment to 0.25 mil. USD and gradually using the yearly savings to reinvest in purchasing additional solar panels and batteries, the life-cycle cost is reduced to 6.62 mil. USD (only 3.8% is required for the initial investment). Hence, with the proposed approach, the barrier of initial investment is minimized, and thus more renewable energy sources can be integrated into existing DG-only systems making the power generation more environment-friendly.
This article examines the lives of three transnational second-generation immigrant Latinas who reside in urban centers in California and maintain close ties to Mexico. Drawing from a participatory research and ethnographic study, I provide evidence of the out-of-school learning that they experience and how this shapes their notions of global citizenship. Although schools have begun to slowly recognize transnational immigrant students, many urban educators whose cities are palpably transformed by immigrants have not fully connected the promise of such a global lifestyle and its potential for instruction in the classroom.
Herein, we reported a facile route to fabricate carbon and Au treated TiO2 mesoporous hollow spheres (MHTiO2@C–Au) as high performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The high porosity of the hollow spheres, together with the inner carbon supporting and superficial Au coating, enhanced the cycling stability and rate performance of the MHTiO2@C–Au electrode significantly. The MHTiO2@C–Au composite exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of 186.6 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 1.0C, superior rate performances of around 151.0 mA h g−1 at the current rate of 5.0C. The outstanding electrochemical property is attributed to the overall structural features of the MHTiO2@C–Au, which can not only shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and electrons, but also improve the stability of the hollow structures during the lithium ion insertion and extraction process.
Abstract This article surveys the many facets that affect the ability of an upper-limb prosthesis to impact a person’s daily life. These can broadly be thought of in four domains: facets intrinsic to the person; factors centered on the design, control, and sensory feedback of the prosthesis; facets extrinsic to the person; and outcome measures used to assess devices, activities, or quality of life. The article surveys the current state of the art in each area along with trends and future potential to match the gold standard of intact arms.
To analyze impedance response of an electrochemical system, it is important to model the system with an adequate equivalent circuit. In the present work, an equivalent circuit was designed for the analysis of lithium ion batteries with the contributions of a variety of diffusion parameters resulting from the various particle sizes for the cathode and the solid-electrolyte interphase formed on the anode particles, as well as electrochemical reactions and inductive components. Residual errors resulting from the data fitting was investigated for a variety of equivalent circuits used. The electrochemical impedance of the electrodes in commercial lithium ion batteries at various states of charge was analyzed to evaluate the proposed circuit.
Myoelectric prosthesis requires a sensor that can reliably capture surface electromyography (sEMG) signal from amputees for its controlled operation. The main problems with the presently available EMG devices are their extremely high cost, large response time, noise susceptibility, less amplitude sensitivity, and larger size. This paper proposes a compact and affordable EMG sensor for the prosthetic application. The sensor consists of an electrode interface, signal conditioning unit, and power supply unit all encased in a single package. The performance of dry electrodes employed in the skin interface was compared with the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes, and the results were found satisfactory. The envelope detection technique in the sensor based on the tuned RC parameters enables the generation of smooth, faster, and repeatable EMG envelope irrespective of signal strength and subject variability. The output performance of the developed sensor was compared with commercial EMG sensor regarding signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and response time. To perform this, EMG data with both devices were recorded for 10 subjects (3 amputees and 7 healthy subjects). The results showed 1.4 times greater SNR values and 45% higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the commercial EMG sensor. Also, the proposed sensor was 57% faster than the commercial sensor in producing the output response. The sEMG sensor was further tested on amputees to control the operation of a self-designed 3D printed prosthetic hand. With proportional control scheme, the myoelectric hand setup was able to provide quicker and delicate grasping of objects as per the strength of the EMG signal.