batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper investigates the use of fuzzy logic control together with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to tune corresponding membership functions in a pulse width modulation voltage (PWM)-based converter for battery charging. For quick charging purposes, a current-charging mode is built on the charging battery series with small impedance resistance. Once the rechargeable battery voltage reaches the preset output voltage value during the current-charging mode, constant voltage-charging mode should take to do the battery charging. No matter what you use a voltage/current mode for battery charging, the PWM converter with tuning duty cycle is necessary to obtain various output voltages to charge battery. The proposed pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy based on fuzzy logic systems is applied to charge batteries for buck converter. A simulation is proposed to illustrate the efficiency of the design proposed in this paper.
Amorphous tin-oxide films were prepared by spray pyrolysis of SnCl2·2H2O mixed with CH3–COOH and deposited onto a stainless steel substrate at mild temperatures (350°C). The films grown were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Also, they were tested as electrodes in lithium rechargeable batteries. The XPS results suggest that the substrate is thoroughly coated and that the films are composed mainly of SnO and SnO2. These films exhibit good charge–discharge properties over more than 100 cycles. Heating at 600°C causes significant changes in their surface composition, in the virtual disappearance of the tin component and in the presence of oxygen-bound Fe. Under these conditions, the reversible capacity dramatically fades and the cell behaves similarly to that made from uncoated substrate.
This study presents synthesis of novel block copolymers of thienyl end capped ethoxylated nonyl phenol and polypyrrole with silver nanoparticles via chemical oxidative polymerization by iron (III) chloride. Ethoxylated nonyl phenol (ENP) was reacted with 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (ThCCl) in order to synthesize a macromonomer containing thienyl end-group (ENP-ThC). Then copolymers of ENP-ThC and pyrrole were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using iron (III) chloride as an oxidant. During this reaction, silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution was added in order to increase its conductivity and to give the copolymer anti-microbial property. The synthesized block copolymers (ENP-ThC-b-PPy) with silver nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and the electrical conductivities were investigated with 4-point probe technique. The obtained samples were also characterized morphologically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Publisher Summary Satellites are used for a variety of purposes from providing links for long-distancetelecommunications, to direct broadcast television and radio, gathering weather and geological information, as well as a host of other facilities. They must be capable of operating in extreme conditions while still maintaining the highest standards of reliability because they cannot be retrieved for maintenance or repair. Satellites also contain a number of systems used for what is called station keeping. These systems are used to maintain the satellite in the correct orbit and position. The satellite tends to drift away from its correct position over a period of time. To correct this, small thrusters are used. When a satellite orbits the earth, either in a circular or elliptical orbit it forms a plane. This passes through the centre of gravity of the earth or the geocenter. Geostationary satellites are a special case as they appear directly over the same point of the earth all the time and accordingly their groundtrack consists of a single point on the earth's equator. For satellites with equatorial orbits the groundtrack is along the equator.
Many different battery technologies are available for the applications which need energy storage. New researches are being focused on Lithium-based batteries, since they are becoming the most viable option for portable energy storage applications. As most of the applications need series battery strings to meet voltage requirements, battery imbalance is an important matter to be taken into account, since it leads the individual battery voltages to drift apart over time, and premature cells degradation, safety hazards, and capacity reduction will occur. A large number of battery equalization methods can be found, which present different advantages/disadvantages and are suitable for different applications. The present paper presents a summary, comparison and evaluation of the different active battery equalization methods, providing a table that compares them, which is helpful to select the suitable equalization method depending on the application. By applying the same weight to the different parameters of comparison, switch capacitor and double-tiered switching capacitor have the highest ratio. Cell bypass methods are cheap and cell to cell ones are efficient. Cell to pack, pack to cell and cell to pack to cell methods present a higher cost, size, and control complexity, but relatively low voltage and current stress in high-power applications.
Nanocarbons are of progressively increasing importance in energy electrocatalysis, including oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, etc. Precious-metal-free or metal-free nanocarbon-based electrocatalysts have been revealed to potentially have effective activity and remarkable durability, which is promising to replace precious metals in some important energy technologies, such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and water splitting. In this review, rather than overviewing recent progress completely, we aim to give an in-depth digestion of present achievements, focusing on the different roles of nanocarbons and material design principles. The multifunctionalities of nanocarbon substrates (accelerating the electron and mass transport, regulating the incorporation of active components, manipulating electron structures, generating confinement effects, assembly into 3D free-standing electrodes) and the intrinsic activity of nanocarbon catalysts (multi-heteroatom doping, hierarchical structure, topological defects) are discussed systematically, with perspectives on the further research in this rising research field. This review is inspiring for more insights and methodical research in mechanism understanding, material design, and device optimization, leading to a targeted and high-efficiency development of energy electrocatalysis.
One challenge facing the development of high-performance cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is the fast degradation rate of cathodes due to poisoning by contaminants commonly encountered in ambient air such as CO2. Here we report a double perovskite PrBa0.8Ca0.2Co2O5+δ (PBCC) cathode with excellent ORR activity and remarkable CO2 tolerance under realistic operation conditions. When tested in a symmetrical cell in air with ∼1 vol% CO2 at 750 °C, the PBCC electrode shows an area specific resistance of ∼0.024 Ω cm2, which increases to 0.028 Ω cm2 after 1000 h operation. The degradation rate is ∼1/24 of that of the state-of-the-art La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) cathode under the same conditions. Impedance spectroscopy and in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the surface of the PBCC electrode is much more active for oxygen exchange and more robust against CO2 than that of LSCF, as confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The fast ORR kinetics and excellent durability of PBCC in air with CO2 highlight the potential of PBCC as a highly promising material for devices involving oxygen electrochemistry such as solid oxide fuel cells, electrolysis cells, or gas separation membranes.
3-((Trimethylsilyl) oxy) propionitrile is introduced as non-volatile solvent for lithium-ion battery electrolytes using LiTFSI as lithium salt. The thermal and chemical stability of the electrolytes offer an enhanced safety as compared to conventional volatile carbonate electrolytes. In cell tests, the investigated LiTFSI nitrile silyl ether electrolyte shows compatibility with LiFePO4, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 and graphite active materials.
Two procedures are analyzed to control the flow of hydrogen produced by an electrolyzer in a plant connected to a distributed electricity grid. The general idea of both procedures is to approximate the consumption power of the electrolyzer to the tracked hourly mean useful power of a wind generation system. The first technique uses a perceptron to predict hourly wind-speed values as the basis for the power consumption of the electrolyzer. The second approximates the hourly consumption of the electrolyzer to the useful power of the wind generation system over the previous hour. Calculations have shown that the control procedure, using either one of these two techniques, leads to substantial improvements in the main parameters of the plant, compared to an installation in which electrolyzer consumption is constant. In particular, the number of batteries in the accumulation system may be reduced. Moreover, considering the possibility that the hydrogen production plant might supply electricity to the external electricity grid, various objectives for operational optimization of the installation are analyzed. A function that defines the joint exploitation of the wind energy by the electrolyzer and the external electricity grid is introduced and then, by using that function, an optimal operating regime for the plant is determined.
Nanostructured metal oxides derived from metal organic frameworks have been shown to be promising materials for application in high energy density lithium ion batteries. In this work, porous nanostructured ZnCo2O4 and Co3O4 were synthesized by a facile and cost-effective approach via the calcination of MOF-74 precursors and tested as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Compared with Co3O4, the electrochemical properties of the obtained porous nanostructured ZnCo2O4 exhibit higher specific capacity, more excellent cycling stability and better rate capability. It demonstrates a reversible capacity of 1243.2 mAh/g after 80 cycles at 100mA/g and an excellent rate performance with high average discharge specific capacities of 1586.8, 994.6, 759.6 and 509.2 mAh/g at 200, 400, 600 and 800mA/g, respectively. The satisfactory electrochemical performances suggest that this porous nanostructured ZnCo2O4 is potentially promising for application as an efficient anode material for lithium ion batteries.
In today's world of global markets and stiff competition in every product along with increasing consumer demand, it becomes imperative for companies to explore ways to improve their productivity in terms of maintaining safety, using sustainable packaging materials, implementing flexible and standardized technology, and adopting proven management principles. In this paper, we look into the state-of-the-art in the food processing and packaging industry in the light of recent advancements in the fields of (i) smart packaging and materials including the application of nanoscience and technology, (ii) automation and control technology, standards, and their application scenarios, and finally (iii) production management principles and their improvements for the food industry. A comprehensive review on the above and related areas is presented in appropriate order. From the survey of literature, it is clear that although researchers have focused on individual aspects of the processing, packaging, and manufacturing, there is need for a more holistic approach to system analysis while understanding the scope of the entire operations. We conclude that it is imperative to investigate why the practical implementations of these advancements seem to lag behind research in the field.
Printed supercapacitors were prepared to be applied as a part of a hybrid power source in printed electronics applications. The use of non-toxic materials was preferred. The supercapacitor structure consisting of current collectors and activated carbon electrodes was applied on paperboard substrate using silver, graphite and activated carbon inks. Aqueous electrolytes with NaCl salt limit the maximum potential to about 1.2V but are environmentally friendly and provide low equivalent series resistance (ESR). The capacitance values of our printed supercapacitors were typically 0.1–0.5F. With 2cm2 geometrical active area the ESR was below 1Ω which is acceptable for 50mA current output. The efficiency with 50mA charge and discharge current was typically about 90% and with 10mA about 95%.
TiO2-B has received increasing interest as a possible anode for lithium-ion batteries, but its properties are restricted by the intrinsically low electronic conductivity. Herein, we first demonstrate that phosphorus doping can be an efficient approach to boost the pseudocapacitive properties of TiO2-B nanowire arrays. The phosphorus doping not only promotes electronic conductivity of TiO2-B nanowire arrays by modifying their electronic structure, but also significantly enhances the electrochemical surface reactivity. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the phosphorus doping could improve the surface lithium affinity of TiO2-B nanowire arrays. Consequently the phosphorus-doped TiO2-B nanowire arrays simultaneously exhibit high reversible capacity (350.9 mAh g−1), remarkable rate capability (142.6 mAh g−1 at 30 C), and impressive cyclability (approximately 80% capacity retention efficiency over 3000 continuous cycles at 10 C), holding promise in high-energy and high-power lithium-ion batteries application.
Reliable, safe and high performance solid electrolytes are a critical step in the advancement of high energy density secondary batteries. In the present work we demonstrate a novel solid electrolyte based on the organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) triisobutyl(methyl)phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P1444FSI). With the addition of 4 mol% LiFSI, the OIPC shows a high conductivity of 0.26 mS cm−1 at 22 °C. The ion transport mechanisms have been rationalized by compiling thermal phase behaviour and crystal structure information obtained by variable temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With a large electrochemical window (ca. 6 V) and importantly, the formation of a stable and highly conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), we were able to cycle lithium cells (Li|LiFePO4) at 30 °C and 20 °C at rates of up to 1 C with good capacity retention. At the 0.1 C rate, about 160 mA h g−1 discharge capacity was achieved at 20 °C, which is the highest for OIPC based cells to date. It is anticipated that these small phosphonium cation and [FSI] anion based OIPCs will show increasing significance in the field of solid electrolytes.
Sparsely populated, vertically aligned nitrogen doped carbon nanotube arrays (CNTAs) with dislocated-graphene stacking were grown directly on carbon fiber papers and investigated as hierarchical air cathodes in hybrid Li-air batteries with aqueous catholytes. The CNTAs were made with electrodeposited Ni nanocatalysts, followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The thus obtained CNTAs can reach a population number density as low as ∼107 per cm2 on the carbon fibers, achieving an extremely high porosity of over 99% for the active layer in the cathode. The sparse CNTAs not only provide effective pathways for the reacting species, but also show a significantly high catalytic activity, which is found to be comparable to that of a supported Pt electrocatalyst. The high activity of the CNTAs is attributed to the rich graphene edges exposed on the CNT surface and nitrogen doping. Hybrid Li-air batteries with such cathodes have shown a consistent discharging capacity of 710 mA h g−1 and a specific energy of 2057 W h kg−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2. Stable charge–discharge cycling at 0.5 mA cm−2 showed an average potential difference of 1.35 V, indicative of a relatively small overpotential and high round trip efficiency (71%). Furthermore, the hybrid Li-air battery based on the hierarchical cathode can reach a power density as high as 10.4 mW cm−2.
A model-based procedure is applied to the simultaneous optimization of design parameters for porous electrodes that are commonly used in advanced batteries such as lithium-ion systems. The approach simultaneously optimizes the battery design variables of electrode porosities and thickness for maximization of the energy drawn for an applied current, cut-off voltage, and total time of discharge. The results show reasonable improvement in the specific energy drawn from the lithium-ion battery when the design parameters are simultaneously optimized. Model simulation and multi-parameter optimization were facilitated by the increased computational efficiency achieved from the use of an orthogonal collocation-based reformulated model.
Self-doped polyanilines (PANIs) are polyaniline derivatives that bear negatively charged functional groups. These novel materials have many properties different from those of the parent polyaniline, and some specific fields for their use are expected. The present paper reviews some aspects of polymerization, electropolymerization, and properties of these materials.
It is well known that recruitment is a challenging aspect of any study involving human subjects. This challenge is exacerbated when the population sought is reticent to participate in research as is the case with pregnant women and individuals with depression. This paper compares recruitment methods used for the Food, Feelings, and Family Study, an observational, longitudinal pilot study concerning how diet and bisphenol A exposure affect maternal mood and cognitive function during and after pregnancy.
The structural and thermal stabilities of the layered Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode materials under high rate cycling and abusive conditions are investigated using the commercial 18650 Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2/graphite high power batteries. The Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 materials maintain their layered structure even when the power batteries are subjected to 200 cycles with 10C discharge rate at temperatures of 25 and 50°C, whereas their microstructure undergoes obvious distortion, which leads to the relatively poor cycling performance of power batteries at high charge/discharge rates and working temperature. Under abusive conditions, the increase in the battery temperature during overcharge is attributed to both the reactions of electrolyte solvents with overcharged graphite anode and Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode and the Joule heat that results from the great increase in the total resistance (R cell) of batteries. The reactions of fully charged Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathodes and graphite anodes with electrolyte cannot be activated during short current test in the fully charged batteries. However, these reactions occur at around 140°C in the fully charged batteries during oven test, which is much lower than the temperature of about 240°C required for the reactions outside batteries.
Technological advancements in wearable devices have revolutionized smart shoes. Smart shoes are sometimes referred to as intelligent shoes or computer-based shoes. They are capable of recognizing and recording data from day-to-day activities by the user. Such smart shoes are designed with sensors, vibrating motors, GPS, wireless systems, and various other sensors/actuators for the comfort and benefit of the wearer. In the current manuscript, we are reviewing various technologies that are implemented in smart shoes.
In this work, we investigate the electrochemical intercalation of the asymmetric fluorosulfonyl-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (FTFSI−) anion into a graphite-based cathode for application in dual-ion cells. Since FTFSI− anions are smaller than bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI−) anions, a higher specific capacity can be expected as the decreased anion size should lead to an enhanced receptivity of the anions between the graphene sheets of graphite. The discharge capacity and the coulombic efficiency are studied at varying upper charging end potentials ranging from 4.8 V to 5.2 V vs. Li/Li+. At these varying conditions a discharge capacity of 43 mAh g−1 to 99 mAh g−1 is obtained, respectively. However, the increase of the upper cut-off potential leads also to a decrease of the coulombic efficiency. To gain a better insight into the influence of the anion size on the performance, FTFSI− and TFSI− intercalation is discussed on a comparative basis, with respect to the potential range for anion intercalation/de-intercalation, the discharge capacity and efficiency. We observed a lower coulombic efficiency, caused by the lower electrochemical stability, as well as an enhanced discharge capacity for all investigated upper cut-off potentials for the intercalation/de-intercalation of FTFSI− compared to TFSI− anion uptake/release.
Recently, automotive original equipment manufacturers have focused their efforts on developing greener propulsion solutions in order to meet the societal demand and ecological need for clean transportation, so the development of new energy vehicle (NEV) has become a consensus among governments and automotive enterprises. Efficient electrical energy storage system (EESS) appears to be very promising for meeting the rapidly increased requirements of vehicular applications. It is necessary to understand performances of electrical energy storage technologies. Therefore, this paper reviews the various electrical energy storage technologies and their latest applications in vehicle, such as battery energy storage (BES), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), flywheel energy storage (FES), ultra-capacitor (UC) energy storage (UCES) and hybrid energy storage (HES). The research priorities and difficulties of each electrical energy storage technology are also presented and compared. Afterwards, the key technologies of EESS design for vehicles are presented. In addition, several conventional EESSs for vehicle applications are also analyzed; the comparison on advantages and disadvantages of various conventional EESSs is highlighted. From the rigorous review, it is observed that almost all current conventional EESSs for vehicles cannot meet a high-efficiency of power flow over the full operation range; optimization of EESS and improved control strategies will become an important research topic. Finally, this paper especially focuses on a type of linear engine, a brand new automotive propulsion system used for NEV; the guiding principle of EESS design for the new type of linear engine is proposed, an overview of a novel hybrid EESS based on hybrid power source and series–parallel switchover of UC with high efficiency under wide power flow range for the type of linear engine is presented, and advanced features of the novel hybrid EESS are highlighted.