batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Abstract This chapter discusses phosphate-based glasses as biodegradable substitutes with a specific and controllable bioactivity. It starts with a general description of these glasses, highlighting the glass structure theories, formation, chemistry, terminology and properties. It also explores what these glasses can offer in terms of biomedical applications as bone tissue substitutes and antibacterial devices, with a particular focus placed on the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on both monoliths and glass fibres. The application of these glasses as reinforcing agents for various composites is also considered. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future of these glasses as biomaterials and highlights possible avenues of potential application.
Sandwiched structures consisting of carbon coated SnO2 nanorod grafted on graphene have been synthesized based on a seed assisted hydrothermal growth to form graphene supported SnO2 nanorods, followed by a nanocarbon coating. As a potential anode for high power and energy applications, the hierarchical nanostructures exhibit a greatly enhanced synergic effect with an extremely high lithium storage capability of up to 1419 mA h g−1 benefiting from the advanced structural features.
NiCo2O4 and NiFe2O4 were synthesized by the hydrothermal route using the molar composition, 2.2 CoCl2·6H2O:1.0 NiCl2·6H2O:9 urea:832 H2O and 2.2 FeCl2·4H2O:1.0 NiCl2·6H2O:9 urea:832 H2O, respectively. For the comparative study, NiO, Co3O4, and Fe3O4 were also prepared. Materials were characterized by a complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and Scanning electron microscopy. Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors (using above-mentioned metal oxides) were constructed for the detection of lindane in the aqueous-methanol medium. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used for the detection of lindane. Reproducibility, stability, and interference studies were performed to obtain the suitable non-enzymatic sensor. The analytical performance of the sensor was demonstrated for the detection of lindane in tap water samples.
During the last decade a battery of animal models used for the study of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have allowed a focus on different aspects of the pathology. Since dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was found to be one of the most abundant circulating androgens in women with PCOS, a rodent model showing the salient features found in women with PCOS was developed by the injection of DHEA. Although insulin-sensitizing agents, such as biguanides, are clinically used in the treatment of diabetes and PCOS, the complete understanding of their mechanisms of action remains unknown. The present review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of PCOS by using the DHEA-PCOS murine model and analyzes the role of the biguanide metformin as treatment.
In electricity systems with a high penetration of wind and solar power generation, electricity storage can be employed to balance power supply and demand. In recent years, stationary batteries are receiving a particularly high degree of attention as they can be used to provide several services in modern electricity systems. However, while a rising number of such battery systems are deployed globally, academic literature has not addressed the trends in deployment of these battery technologies. Thus, this study strives to address this gap by identifying and describing the most attractive use cases for stationary battery technologies on mainland and island electricity systems in two steps. First, the existing literature on applications, profitability and use cases of battery technologies has been reviewed. Second, based on analyses of a database of battery installations and of 26 interviews with industry and academia experts, the six most prevalent use cases have been identified and are presented in this paper. We describe these use cases in detail, highlighting their drivers, sources of value creation and risks.
This paper presents the development of an intelligent uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with a hybrid power source that comprises a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a battery. Attention is focused on the architecture of the UPS hybrid system and the data acquisition and control of the PEMFC. Specifically, the hybrid UPS system consists of a low-cost 60-cell 300W PEMFC stack, a 3-cell lead–acid battery, an active power factor correction ac–dc rectifier, a half-bridge dc–ac inverter, a dc–dc converter, an ac–dc charger and their control units based on a digital signal processor TMS320F240, other integrated circuit chips, and a simple network management protocol adapter. Experimental tests and theoretical studies are conducted. First, the major parameters of the PEMFC are experimentally obtained and evaluated. Then an intelligent control strategy for the PEMFC stack is proposed and implemented. Finally, the performance of the hybrid UPS system is measured and analyzed.
A new kind of citric acid complex method has been developed in this study for synthesizing inverse spinel LiNiVO4 powder which can be used as the cathode active materials for lithium ion batteries with a very high voltage (4.8V versus Li). Li2CO3, NiCO3 and NH4VO3 were used as raw materials, and citric acid was used as a complex agent. Fine LiNiVO4 powders with particle size 0.5μm or less were successfully prepared at 500°C in 1h. Compared to the conventional solid state reaction methods, the citric acid complex method greatly reduced the temperature and the time for preparing pure LiNiVO4. The resulting LiNiVO4 powders were also characterized by TGA, XRD, SEM, IR and ICP techniques.
A nonwoven nanofiber fabric with paper-like qualities composed of Si nanoparticles and carbon as binder-free anode electrode is reported. The nanofiber fabrics are prepared by convenient electrospinning technique, in which, the Si nanoparticles are uniformly confined in the carbon nanofibers. The high strength and flexibility of the nanofiber fabrics are beneficial for alleviating the structural deformation and facilitating ion transports throughout the whole composited electrodes. Due to the absence of binder, the less weight, higher energy density, and excellent electrical conductivity anodes can be attained. These traits make the composited nanofiber fabrics excellent used as a binder-free, mechanically flexible, high energy storage anode material in the next generation of rechargeable lithium ions batteries.
Umile EM, Sandel ME, Alavi A, Terry CM, Plotkin RC. Dynamic imaging in mild traumatic brain injury: support for the theory of medial temporal vulnerability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1506-13. Objective: To determine whether patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persistent postconcussive symptoms have evidence of temporal lobe injury on dynamic imaging. Design: Case series. Setting: An academic medical center. Participants: Twenty patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild TBI and persistent postconcussive symptoms were referred for neuropsychologic evaluation and dynamic imaging. Fifteen (75%) had normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) scans at the time of injury. Interventions: Neuropsychologic testing, positron-emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT). Main Outcome Measures: Temporal lobe findings on static imaging (MRI, CT) and dynamic imaging (PET, SPECT); neuropsychologic test findings on measures of verbal and visual memory. Results: Testing documented neurobehavioral deficits in 19 patients (95%). Dynamic imaging documented abnormal findings in 18 patients (90%). Fifteen patients (75%) had temporal lobe abnormalities on PET and SPECT (primarily in medial temporal regions); abnormal findings were bilateral in 10 patients (50%) and unilateral in 5 (25%). Six patients (30%) had frontal abnormalities, and 8 (40%) had nonfrontotemporal abnormalities. Correlations between neuropsychologic testing and dynamic imaging could be established but not consistently across the whole group. Conclusions: Patients with mild TBI and persistent postconcussive symptoms have a high incidence of temporal lobe injury (presumably involving the hippocampus and related structures), which may explain the frequent finding of memory disorders in this population. The abnormal temporal lobe findings on PET and SPECT in humans may be analogous to the neuropathologic evidence of medial temporal injury provided by animal studies after mild TBI. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Ceramic lithium-oxygen batteries that use non-flammable and non-volatile electrolyte have the potential to store a large amount of energy in a relatively safe way. However, the performance of this type of battery has been extremely low due primarily to the large ohmic-resistance from a thick electrolyte and the limited triple-phase boundaries (TPBs) in conventional cathodes. In this work, we fabricate a seamless electrolyte-electrode structure by one-step sintering a rather thin Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) electrolyte layer (20µm thick) onto a porous LATP substrate. A hierarchical carbon is then grown in the pores of the porous LATP, uniquely forming three-dimensional pathways for the transport of lithium-ions, electrons, and oxygen throughout the entire cathode. It is found that the cathodic TPBs are 330 times larger than those of conventional solid-state lithium-oxygen batteries. As a result, the battery is capable of operating in O2 for over 1174 cycles (~150 days) and for over 450 cycles (75 days) with degradation of <3% in ambient air when RuO2 and NiO are used as the catalysts. Moreover, the charge/discharge rate reaches as high as 15mAcm−2, 2–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional lithium-oxygen batteries.
Increase of the global energy demand and environmental problems relating to fossil energy utilization request the new energy sources to replace the traditional fossil fuels. With respect to energy production, most of the islands in European Union and in the other parts of the world, depend on importation, mainly from oil and its related products. The global development of renewable energy technologies can assure sustainable supply of power for islands. To overcome the limitation of the sources of renewable energy, hydrogen is utilized as a storage medium integrated with intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. This paper introduces the programme of “Renewislands—Renewable Energy Solutions for Islands”, the work tasks, details of the design of the activities to develop solutions integrating intermittent renewable energy supply (RES), fuel cell (FC) and hydrogen infrastructure to promote RES and innovative decentralized power systems penetration in islands; main results achieved in each work packages are presented; in addition, the development of intermittent renewable energy penetration in specific European Islands are reviewed briefly.
In this paper, a new passive thermal management system for electric vehicles is developed. A latent heat thermal energy storage with nanoparticles is designed and optimized. A genetic algorithm method is employed to minimize the length of the heat exchanger tubes. The results show that even the optimum length of a shell and tube heat exchanger becomes too large to be employed in a vehicle. This is mainly due to the very low thermal conductivity of phase change material (PCM) which fills the shell side of the heat exchanger. A carbon nanotube (CNT) and PCM mixture is then studied where the probability of nanotubes in a series configuration is defined as a deterministic design parameter. Various heat transfer rates, ranging from 300 W to 600 W, are utilized to optimize battery cooling options in the heat exchanger. The optimization results show that smaller tube diameters minimize the heat exchanger length. Furthermore, finned tubes lead to a higher heat exchanger length due to more heat transfer resistance. By increasing the CNT concentration, the optimum length of the heat exchanger decreases and makes the improved thermal management system a more efficient and competitive with air and liquid thermal management systems.
The separation of Cd and Ni from Ni–Cd batteries using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of copolymer L35, Li2SO4 and water is investigated. The extraction behavior of these metals from the bottom phase (BP) to the upper phase (UP) of the ATPS is affected by the amount of added extractant (potassium iodide), tie-line length (TLL), mass ratio between the phases of the ATPS, leaching and dilution factor of the battery samples. Maximum extraction of Cd (99.2±3.1)% and Ni (10.6±0.4)% is obtained when the batteries are leached with HCl, under the following conditions: 62.53% (w/w) TLL, concentration of KI equal to 50.00mmolkg−1, mass ratio of the phases equal to 0.5 and a dilution factor of battery samples of 35. This novel methodology is efficient to separate the metals in question, with the advantage of being environmentally safe, since water is the main constituent of the ATPS, which is prepared with recyclable and biodegradable compounds.
A series of hollow structured (Sn,Ti)O2 solid-solutions with varying Sn content are prepared by a soft template method. Not only a complete incorporation of Sn4+ into TiO2 lattice but also a SnOTi bonding is identified, and morphologically, interconnected pores are confirmed between the hollow (Sn,Ti)O2 solid-solution nanoparticles. In battery performance, along with enhanced lithium storage, consistent utilization of Sn in voluminous alloying/de-alloying reactions is demonstrated. Beyond the TiO2 typically known as a stable anode material, the superior capacity retention of solid-solution rather containing Sn shows that the SnOTi bonding in (Sn,Ti)O2 solid-solution leads to the synergy effect of increased energy density from Sn and stable capacity retention from Ti.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a class of conditions categorized by communication problems, ritualistic behaviors, and inappropriate social behaviors. While there is much evidence to support a genetic link for ASD, an identified genetic marker remains elusive. As such, practitioners place considerable emphasis on traditional measures of intelligence and adaptive behavior to aid in diagnosis. Despite the fact that these measures are commonplace, little research has been conducted to shed light on whether deficits in intellectual functioning affect the range of core symptoms for ASD. This study represents a first attempt to determine whether level of IQ has an effect on the expression of ASD symptoms in adults with intellectual disability (ID). Three hundred and six adults, 151 with both ASD and ID and 155 with ID alone, were evaluated with respect to the nature and extent of their ASD symptoms and intellectual functioning. Individuals with autism displayed a higher number of symptoms than those with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) on all three domains of impairment (social, communication, repetitive behaviors). As expected, persons with ID alone evinced far fewer symptoms than both these groups. IQ level was found to be a moderator for expression of ASD symptoms for the entire sample but not for the autism group.
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted increasing attention for rechargeable batteries because of its high theoretical capacity. However, its real application is limited by the intrinsic low electron conductivity and inferior structural stability. Herein, we report the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) MoSe2/C nanorods composite from organic-inorganic hybrid Mo3O10(C2H10N2) (named as MoOx-EDA) with subsequent selenization and carbon coating process. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the carbon-encapsulated composite exhibited enhanced Li+/Na+ storage properties compared to MoSe2 nanorods, including good cycling stability and high rate capability. A specific capacity of 835 mA h g−1 can be obtained at a current density of 200 mA g−1 for the MoSe2/C electrode in LIBs, which retained 755 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. Moreover, a reversible Na+ storage capacity of 404 mA h g−1 can be remained after 100 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. The good electrochemical performances of the MoSe2/C nanorod composites can be attributed to the bicontinuous electron/ion pathways, low charge transfer resistance, and robust structure stability.
Compliance in medicine dispensation has proven critical for dosage control, diagnosis, and treatment. We have designed, manufactured, and characterized a novel dynamically programmable e-pill dispensing system. Our system is initially programmed remotely through a cell phone. After programming, the system may be reconfigured in order to adapt pill dispensation to new conditions. In this paper we describe the mechanics, electronics, control, and communication protocols implemented. Our dyn-e-pill devices can be actuated for over 350 h with two pill retrievals per hour. We challenged the charging circuit and demonstrated that the system has a lifetime longer than 6 h with a 30 min charging cycle, while it lasts for 14 h of uninterrupted use with a full charge.
The development of durable and high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical to boost the performance of rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs). Herein, we report a general approach for fabricating FeNi3Cx-Pdy (x represents the indeterminate amount of carbon, y denotes the initial Pd mass loading percentage) nanorods using bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial precursor. Among the series, FeNi3Cx-Pd-7% demonstrates the best performance as bifunctional oxygen catalyst. It exhibits a high electrocatalytic activity with an unexpectedly low overpotential of 288 mV for OER at 50 mA cm−2, which is far superior than the state-of-art RuO2 catalyst, and its performance for ORR also approximates to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. When incorporated as air-cathode catalyst in a self-assembled RZAB, FeNi3Cx-Pd-7% exhibits a high power density of 234 mW cm−2, a large energy density of ∼967 W h kg−1, as well as a huge specific capacity of 772 mA h g−1 outperforming the noble-metal-based Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst. Additionally, FeNi3Cx-Pd-7% enables RZAB to obtain a long cycling life (over 900 cycles) with high efficiency and an overall overpotential of only 720 mV at 10 mA cm−2, presenting great potential for the commercial applications of RZABs.
We propose a method for the formation of highly active bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts, by exploiting the unique features of nitrogen-rich metallo-macrocyclic complexes and the structural and electronic properties of few-layer graphene. The precursors of the electrocatalysts were synthesized by sonication of graphite in DMF leading to exfoliation and the formation of few-layer graphene sheets in the presence of a suitable transition metal macrocyclic complex. After pyrolysis and subsequent mild calcination metal oxide nanoparticles as well as metal-nitrogen (MNx) moieties embedded within a N-doped graphitic carbon matrix are obtained. The formation, in-depth characterization and electrochemical performance of two different catalysts derived from Co and Ni containing precursor complexes are demonstrated.
Vertically oriented nanotubular TiO2 arrays were formed by a simple anodization process. Hydrogen storage studies were carried out on the TiO2 nanotubular arrays having different diameters by charging and discharging hydrogen with potentiostatic/galvanostatic control. The hydrogen storage capacities of the nanotubes were only marginally affected by the tube diameter. Concentration of oxygen vacancies as defects influenced the hydrogen storage of the nanotubes. Annealing of the TiO2 nanotubes in argon atmosphere increased the defect density and decreased the hydrogen discharge during initial charge–discharge cycles. Hydrogen storage studies through electrochemical route did not show significant storage capacity of TiO2 nanotubes. Diffusion of hydrogen as protons and interference of the double layer capacitance of nanotubes could be attributed to the lower hydrogen storage capacity.
Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (N-doped GNSs) show a high electrocatalytic activity for the air electrode of Li–air fuel cells based on hybrid electrolytes. N-Doped GNSs exhibit high discharge voltage under acidic conditions, which is near to that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/carbon black usually used in H2–O2 fuel cells.
SnOx–carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites are synthesized using the electrospinning technique for use as freestanding electrodes in Li-ion batteries. The electrodes made from the composites carbonized at 750 °C (SnOx–CNF-750) with 14.5 wt% SnOx deliver a remarkable capacity of 674 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles when discharged at 0.5 A g−1. This result is considered the highest among those reported in the literature for anodes made from similar electrospun carbon fibers containing SnOx nanoparticles. An increase in carbonization temperature to 950 °C (SnOx–CNF-950) results in a significant reduction of the particle content in the fiber due to aggregation of Sn to form nanoparticles external to the fibers, with concomitant degradation of capacities. The presence of amorphous SnOx particles at the atomic scale embedded in the conductive CNFs is thought to be responsible for the exceptional electrochemical performance of the SnOx–CNF-750 electrodes. These ultrafine particles facilitate the reaction Sn + xLi2O → SnOx + 2xLi+ + 2xe−, making it highly reversible, which is confirmed by the growing peak currents with increasing scan rate indicated by cyclic voltammetry, and the absence of Sn–Sn bonds in the particles revealed by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). Both the SnOx particle size and content in the fiber play important roles in controlling the rate and cyclic performance of the SnOx–CNF composite electrodes.
This paper presents a general overview of the current municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. In order to characterize the solid waste stream in the Municipality of Gümüşhane, a long-term study was conducted over a 52-week period between the spring of 2004 and the winter of 2005. In this study, percentage of components and specific weight of the MSW, the composting parameters (moisture content, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH), organic matter content, calorific value and the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co) of the compostable wastes sorted from the mixed MSW were determined and evaluated. In Gümüşhane, a mean of 70tons of MSW are generated each day or 1kg/day/capita. Approximately 4500kg of the MSW were collected and sorted in a year, and the mean specific weight of these is 308kg/m3. Approximately 30% of the MSW generated is compostable wastes and the yearly mean moisture content, organic matter content, C/N ratio and pH of these are 78%, 92.1%, 21.6/1 and 4.73, respectively, and approximately 24% of the MSW consists of recyclable materials. The recommended system deals with maximizing recycling and minimizing landfilling of the MSW, and consists of separation at source, collection, sorting, recycling, composting and sanitary landfilling. Heavy metal concentrations of the compostable wastes from the open dump were determined to decrease in the following order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd>Co.