batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly more prevalent and significant number of patients require knee arthroplasty. Although knee arthroplasty is generally successful, it takes months to recover physical function. Preoperative physical function is known to predict postoperative outcomes and exercise can improve preoperative physical function. However, patients with KOA have difficulty exercise on land due to pain and stiffness, while water exercise can be better tolerated. We hypothesized that preoperative water exercise to improve preoperative physical function will improve postoperative outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
To avoid solvent co-intercalation into graphite, the presence of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is required. This film is formed via the reductive decomposition of electrolyte species, i.e. a film forming electrolyte additives. In this contribution we focus on an isocyanate compound, ethyl isocyanate (EtNCO) which performs well in a propylene carbonate electrolyte at both graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode. EtNCO is investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We conclude that the formation of a radical anion via electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte additive is the initiating step of the SEI formation process. The electro-polymerization of isocyanate monomers in small additive amounts in the PC electrolyte is critically discussed.
The arcuate fasciculus (AF) is a neural fiber tract that is critical to speech and music development. Although the predominant role of the left AF in speech development is relatively clear, how the AF engages in music development is not understood. Congenital amusia is a special neurodevelopmental condition, which not only affects musical pitch but also speech tone processing. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we aimed at understanding the role of AF in music and speech processing by examining the neural connectivity characteristics of the bilateral AF among thirty Mandarin amusics. Compared to age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched controls, amusics demonstrated increased connectivity as reflected by the increased fractional anisotropy in the right posterior AF but decreased connectivity as reflected by the decreased volume in the right anterior AF. Moreover, greater fractional anisotropy in the left direct AF was correlated with worse performance in speech tone perception among amusics. This study is the first to examine the neural connectivity of AF in the neurodevelopmental condition of amusia as a result of disrupted music pitch and speech tone processing. We found abnormal white matter structural connectivity in the right AF for the amusic individuals. Moreover, we demonstrated that the white matter microstructural properties of the left direct AF is modulated by lexical tone deficits among the amusic individuals. These data support the notion of distinctive pitch processing systems between music and speech.
A new method for monitoring phenotypic profiles of pure cultures and complex microbial communities was evaluated. The approach was to stain microorganisms with a battery of fluorescent dyes prior to flow cytometry analysis (FCM) and to analyse the data using multivariate methods, including principal component analysis and partial least squares. The FCM method was quantitatively evaluated using different mixtures of pure cultures as well as microbial communities. The results showed that the method could quantitatively and reproducibly resolve both populations and communities of microorganisms with 5% abundance in a diverse microbial background. The feasibility of monitoring complex microbial communities over time during the biodegradation of naphthalene using the FCM method was demonstrated. The biodegradation of naphthalene occurred to differing extents in microcosms representing three different types of aromatic-contaminated groundwater and a sample of bio-basin water. The FCM method distinguished each of these four microbial communities. The phenotypic profiles were compared with genotypic profiles generated by random-amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. The genotypic profiles of the microbial communities described only the microbial composition, and not their functional change, whereas the phenotypic profiles seemed to contain information on both the composition and the functional change of the microorganisms. Furthermore, event analysis of the FCM data showed that microbial communities with initially differing compositions could converge towards a similar composition if they had a capacity for high levels of degradation, whereas microbial communities with similar initial compositions could diverge if they differed in biodegrading ability.
2D nanosheets such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, metal dichalcogenides and MXenes are emerging and promising for lithium storage due to their ultrathin nature and corresponding chemical/physical properties. However, the serious restacking and aggregation of the 2D nanosheets are still hampering their applications. To circumvent the issues of 2D nanosheets, one efficient strategy is to construct 3D structures with hierarchical porous structures, good chemical/mechanical stabilities and tunable electrical conductivities. In this review, we firstly focus on the available synthetic approaches of 3D structures from 2D nanosheets, and then summarize the relationships between the microstructures of 3D structures built from 2D nanosheets and their electrochemical behaviors for lithium storage. On the basis of above results, some challenges are briefly discussed in the perspective of the development of various functional 3D structures.
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric diseases and a key contributor to the patient's quality of life. However, an effective therapeutic strategy has yet to be developed. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), are promising techniques that are under investigation for a variety of otherwise treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric diseases. Notably, these tools can induce alterations in neural networks subserving cognitive operations and thus may provide a means for cognitive restoration. The purpose of this article is to review the available evidence concerning cognitive enhancing properties of noninvasive brain stimulation in neuropsychiatry. We specifically focus on major depression, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where cognitive dysfunction is a major symptom and some studies have been completed with promising results. We provide a critical assessment of the available research and suggestions to guide future efforts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Cognitive Enhancers’.
Parameters such as heat transfer, arrangement type, covering and deviation from tilt angle of PV cells located on the wings of a solar-powered aircraft impact on the efficiency, power, flight duration and costs of the solar flyer. The objective of this paper is to represent these parameters and their influence on the efficiency and power to be considered before constructing. Related equations for design process and selecting PV cells are represented and discussed. Solar irradiance is not monotonic during the flight. Hence, components and algorithms for designing a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) device from perspective of being utilized in solar-powered aircrafts are investigated. Furthermore, heat transfer on the cells of the wings and its influence on the efficiency is discussed which can help to make up the power reduction caused by covering and deviation from tilt angle of the cells.
As a country that has chosen nanotechnology as one of its priority investment areas to facilitate leapfrogging in science and technology, China has already seen a return on investment in the exponential rise of scientific papers originating in Chinese nanotechnology labs. There has also been an increasing number of patents filed by Chinese inventors as well as fierce competition among Chinese localities for a prime position in the twenty-first century nanotechnology revolution. Based on fieldwork in China and secondary research, this paper examines the commercialization of nanotechnology in China from the intertwined perspectives of academia–industry relations, government support and policy, role of venture capital, and international connections, while also taking into account the views of Chinese nanoscientists. The results show that despite tangible success in publishing, patenting, and the creation of dedicated nanotechnology science parks, China's effort to commercialize nanotechnology has been much slower than anticipated by nanoscientists and political leadership.
The polypyrrole/carbon foam composite electrodes for electrochemical capacitors were fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous solution on the carbon foam, which prepared by carbonization of polyacrylonitrile membranes supported by carbon papers. The carbon foams were characterized with FTIR, SEM and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique. The electrical capacitance of the composite electrodes was investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV). The prototypes of electrochemical capacitors composed with polypyrrole/carbon foam electrodes were tested with ac impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry technique. The dependence of specific power and specific energy on conditions of electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole was studied. Based on total weight of the electrodes in a prototype electrochemical capacitor, energy density could reach 2.5Wh/kg. All results showed that polypyrrole/carbon foam composite materials had good potential applications in electrochemical capacitors.
Sketching is a natural mode of interaction used in a variety of settings. With the increasing availability of pen-based computers, sketch recognition has gained attention as an enabling technology for natural pen-based interfaces. Previous work in sketch recognition has shown that in certain domains the stroke orderings used when drawing objects contain temporal patterns that can aid recognition. So far, systems that use temporal information for recognition have assumed that objects are drawn one at a time. This paper shows how this assumption can be relaxed to permit temporal interspersing of strokes from different objects. We describe a statistical framework based on dynamic Bayesian networks that explicitly models the fact that objects can be drawn interspersed. We present recognition results for hand-drawn electronic circuit diagrams, showing that handling interspersed drawing provides a significant increase in accuracy.
LiCoO2 nanoparticles were prepared through a sol–gel method, and then appropriate amount of CuO nanoparticles were deposited onto their surfaces to improve their cycling performances. It is found that the CuO coated sample has the capacity retention higher than 90% at the rates below 30 C after 10 cycles, which also has the highest capacities of 135 and 123mAhg−1 at 40 C (5480mAg−1) and 50 C (6850mAg−1), respectively. The cyclic voltammograms result reveals that the CuO coating reduces the polarization and improves the electrochemical activity of cathode. In addition, experimental results indicate that CuO coating plays an important role in reducing the charge transfer resistance of the cell during cycling, which has been demonstrated by the electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy analysis. The above data indicate the potential application of CuO coated LiCoO2 in high power field.
By using organic non-woven fabrics, which are less costly than inorganic ones, we have studied the effect of the fabrics attached to a conventional polyethylene (PE)-based separator on sedimentation of sulfuric acid to prevent stratification in flood-type lead-acid batteries. The effect of surface treatment for the fabrics on the diffusion of sulfate ions has also been studied to reduce the electric resistance. The results of model experiments showed that the organic non-woven fabrics suppressed the sedimentation of sulfuric acid. In addition, by clarifying the relationship between surface tension of non-woven fabrics and diffusion coefficients of sulfate ions, we found that hydrophilic non-woven fabric with a SiO2 overcoat film was the most effective for improving the diffusion of sulfate ions.
This article primarily represents the contributions of two young investigators to the understanding of the neuropsychological consequences of epilepsy and its treatment. The authors have reviewed two key areas of importance: the complex relationship between cognitive dysfunction and epilepsy and the risks of cognitive dysfunction in children as a consequence of in utero exposure to antiepileptic drug treatment. The work of two young investigators is presented and future research needs are outlined.
Conceptual design of modern products has become complex due to an increasing number of subsystems and components comprising the system and the multi-disciplinarity of the employed design knowledge. The paper proposes a product modeling framework and a CAD system for conceptual design of complex products focusing on hierarchical system decomposition and consistency management of design information across different engineering disciplines. The framework and CAD system support these tasks with concurrent development of functional and parameter-level product descriptions and comprehensive evaluation of these descriptions from functional, parameter-level, structural, and behavioral aspects. A conceptual design case at a printer manufacturer is demonstrated.
Motorcyclists and a matched group of non-motorcycling car drivers were assessed on behavioral measures known to relate to accident involvement. Using a range of laboratory measures, we found that motorcyclists chose faster speeds than the car drivers, overtook more, and pulled into smaller gaps in traffic, though they did not travel any closer to the vehicle in front. The speed and following distance findings were replicated by two further studies involving unobtrusive roadside observation. We suggest that the increased risk-taking behavior of motorcyclists was only likely to account for a small proportion of the difference in accident risk between motorcyclists and car drivers. A second group of motorcyclists was asked to complete the simulator tests as if driving a car. They did not differ from the non-motorcycling car drivers on the risk-taking measures but were better at hazard perception. There were also no differences for sensation seeking, mild social deviance, and attitudes to riding/driving, indicating that the risk-taking tendencies of motorcyclists did not transfer beyond motorcycling, while their hazard perception skill did.
Research has found that athletes, particularly those involved in “aesthetically oriented” sports, experience significant pressures for thinness and are at increased risk for developing eating disorders. This study targeted cheerleading coaches as potential change agents by training them to recognize the symptoms of eating disorders and reduce the pressures for thinness among their squads. Cheerleading coaches at national or regional conferences attended an intervention workshop or a control workshop. Coaches who attended the intervention workshop received information regarding negative coaching behaviors, the symptoms of eating disorders, and ways to manage athletes with eating disorders. In addition, intervention coaches were encouraged to participate in six intervention strategies (e.g., reading materials, video, parent handouts, etc.) after attending the workshop. Eight months following the workshop, the coaches completed an assessment battery designed to test the effectiveness of the entire intervention. The results indicated that the intervention was successful in producing behavior changes in coaches. However, the intervention was less successful in producing long-term change in knowledge about eating disorders. These findings imply that interventions can be implemented by important adult figures (e.g., coaches, teachers) but the overall effectiveness of these interventions must be enhanced in order to have a significant and long-term impact.
The development of non-precious metal-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is one of the keys to lower the cost of various renewable energy technologies including fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and metal-air batteries. Perovskite oxides are among the best catalysts for OER in alkaline solutions. In the perovskite family, La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ (LSC) has been reported to have OER catalytic properties dependent on the characteristics of its surface, but where its activity and stability are still not high enough for applications. In order to improve the surface catalysis of LSC, we have subjected it to multiple H2O2 treatments. After 4 treatments, lasting 6hours each, the current density of LSC at 1.70V (vs RHE) increased by a factor of 6.6 and concomitantly, the Tafel slope decreased from 105.5 to 76.6 mVdec−1 compared to untreated materials. The long-term stability also improved dramatically after treatment. All these improvements are likely linked to the formation of an amorphous layer of hydrous oxide on the LSC particles during treatment.
Assessment of the effects of Mild Head Injury, not only in terms of dysfunction but also of disability and quality of life. The ultimate goal is to capture comparative these changes, of the evolution and consequences of MHI to children and adults.Psychological Investigation was made on 96 children and 84 adults, to capture neuropsychological, emotional, behavioral and psychosocial aspects.Behavioral disorders were found mostly in adults and cognitive dysfunctions in children. Neurosurgeon should make a full assessment of the patient with mild head injury. Psychotherapy can intervene in the benefit of individuals.
Widespread adoption of alternative fuel vehicles is being hindered by high vehicle costs and refueling or range limitations. For plug-in electric vehicles, direct-current fast charging (DCFC) is proposed as a solution to support long-distance travel and relieve range anxiety. However, DCFC has also been shown to be potentially more expensive compared to residential or workplace charging. In particular, electricity demand charges can significantly impact electricity cost for fast charging applications. Here we explore technological solutions that can help reduce the electricity cost for electric vehicle fast charging. In particular, we consider thousands of electricity rates available in the United States and real-world vehicle charging load scenarios to assess opportunities to reduce the cost of DCFC by deploying solar photovoltaics (PV) panels and energy storage (battery), and implementing a co-location configuration where a DCFC station is connected to an existing meter within a commercial building. Results show that while the median electricity cost across more than 7000 commercial retail rates remains less than $0.20/kWh for all charging load scenarios considered, cost varies greatly, and some locations do experience significantly higher electricity cost. Co-location is almost always economically viable to mitigate fixed cost and demand charges, but the relative benefit of co-locating diminishes as station size and utilization increase. Energy storage alone can help mitigate demand charges and is more effective at reducing costs for “peaky” or low-utilization loads. On the other hand, PV systems primarily help mitigate energy charges, and are more effective for loads that are more correlated with solar production, even in areas with lower solar resource. PV and energy storage can deploy synergistically to provide cost reductions for DCFC, leveraging their ability to mitigate demand and energy charges.
Modulation of peripheral nerves is an emerging field for neuroprosthesis and bioelectronic medicine. With developing neural interfacing technology (NIT) that directly communicates with peripheral nerves, several powering schemes have been investigated for long-term use of implantable devices such as wireless and conversion of human body energy. Recently, a variety of promising energy harvesters have been demonstrated as alternatives to solve the power supply issue. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show promising performance as a power source of a neuro-stimulator since the output of TENGs provides direction stimulation of a nerve. However, there is a lack of research on TENGs for peripheral nerve stimulation. This work introduces a novel water/air-hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator (WATENG) to overcome current drawbacks of liquid based TENGs as well as to achieve efficient nerve stimulation. Furthermore, this study involves comparative demonstration of the efficiency of nerve stimulation induced by exponential and square pulsed waveforms, to verify that TENGs can effectively stimulate nerves and are good candidates for neurostimulators. By combining this device with neural interfaces, selective and force-controlled modulation of leg muscles in rats can be achieved.
Iron electrodes were prepared by hot-pressing iron-polyethylene based formulations on nickel foam stripes. NiFe cells were tested by using commercial nickel electrodes and our iron electrodes. Post-hoc comparisons were used to identify meaningful differences between iron electrode formulations (based upon bismuth, bismuth sulphate, potassium sulphide and iron sulphide as additives). Our results confirm that both bismuth sulphide and iron sulphide favour the process of charge/discharge of a NiFe cell. In addition, we have found that the use of metallic bismuth only marginally influences coulombic efficiency; likewise, the presence of the soluble bisulfide anion is not sufficient to increase coulombic efficiency. Finally, NiFe cells prepared with bismuth sulphide outperformed their iron sulphide counterparts.
Measurement and modeling of thermal phenomena in Li-ion cells is a critical research challenge that directly affects both performance and safety. Even though the operation of a Li-ion cell is in most cases a transient phenomenon, most available thermal models for Li-ion cells predict only steady-state temperature fields. This paper presents the derivation, experimental validation and application of an analytical model to predict the transient temperature field in a cylindrical Li-ion cell in response to time-varying heat generation within the cell. The derivation is based on Laplace transformation of governing energy equations, and accounts for anisotropic thermal conduction within the cell. Model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements on a thermal test cell. The effects of various thermophysical properties and parameters on transient thermal characteristics of the cell are analyzed. The effect of pulse width and cooling time for pulsed operation is quantified. The thermal response to multiple cycles of discharge and charge is computed, and cell-level trade-offs for this process are identified. The results presented in this paper may help understand thermal phenomena in Li-ion cells, and may contribute towards thermal design and optimization tools for energy conversion and storage systems based on Li-ion cells.
Novel solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), comprising of comb polymer matrix grafted with soft and disordered polyether moieties (Jeffamine®) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) are investigated in all-solid-state lithium metal (Li°) polymer cells. The LiFSI/Jeffamine-based SPEs are fully amorphous at room temperature with glass transitions as low as ca. −55 °C. They show higher ionic conductivities than conventional poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based SPEs at ambient temperature region, and good electrochemical compatibility with Li° electrode. These exceptional properties enable the operational temperature of Li° | LiFePO4 cells to be decreased from an elevated temperature (70 °C) to room temperature. Those results suggest that LiFSI/Jeffamine-based SPEs can be promising electrolyte candidates for developing safe and high performance all-solid-state Li° batteries.