batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Background Cognitive deficits occur early in the course of psychosis, are mostly stable, and have been identified as potential functional prognostic markers. Previous reviews of chronic schizophrenia have concluded that specific cognitive deficits are strongly associated with poorer functional outcomes. However, results of schizophrenia studies may be influenced by the effects of long-term illness or treatment or be biased toward individuals with poorer outcomes and may not be relevant to early psychosis (EP). This review aimed to systematically examine the evidence regarding general and social cognitive predictors of later functional outcome in EP and critique the methodology of the studies reviewed. A final aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of the studies reviewed, but methodological reasons precluded this. Method A comprehensive search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases identified 15 relevant articles and 7 further articles following a reference list search, totaling 22 included articles. Results Most studies found at least one cognitive domain predicted functional outcome, but examination of separate cognitive domains revealed there were more null than significant associations between cognition and functional outcome across every cognitive domain. No study examined social cognition as a predictor of outcome. The frequency with which different cognitive domains predicted outcome varied depending on study methodology and this was most noticeable when studies with short-term follow-up were compared with longer-term follow-up studies. Conclusions Due to the methodological variability and limitations of the studies reviewed, firm conclusions regarding the relationship between cognition and functional outcomes in EP cannot be made. Tentatively, cognition may be prognostic in EP, especially for longer-term outcomes. However, further research that addresses the methodological issues identified, including examination of social cognition and other non-cognitive predictors, is needed.
Anode materials based on silicon or tin, with distinctively higher theoretical specific capacities of 700mAh/g compared to the commonly used graphite in Lithium-ion batteries exhibiting limited capacity of 370mAh/g, are presently in the focus of intensive research studies as new anode materials. In the present work, coated and non-coated tin pyrophosphate materials were successively prepared and their electrochemical performance were compared. The use of carbon coating generally results in an improved cycling stability and a decrease in particles size. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the two samples are similar as indication of an amorphous character of the residual carbon. The scanning electron microscopy images of the both samples show a small particle size (nanometric) and the layers of the graphite are clearly observed. Raman spectroscopy was carried out to identify the D and G bands related to the graphite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to follow the Sn bonding/valence changes during discharge-charge process and also to identify the SEI layer which is formed at the last step of the discharge process.
The electropolymerization of manganese tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin (MnTAPP) produces stable and electrochemically active films from an acetonitrile solution and from strong acidic aqueous solutions. These films can be produced on glassy carbon, gold, and transparent semiconductor tin oxide electrodes. An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and cyclic voltammetry were used to study the in situ growth of poly(MnTAPP) films. MnTAPP is a molecule that has four branched monomers. The polymer films showed redox couples, and the cyclic voltammograms were pH dependent when transferred to various acidic aqueous solutions. The electrocatalytic reduction of SO 5 2 - and S 2 O 8 2 - by poly(MnTAPP) in strong acidic aqueous solutions showed obvious electrocatalytic reduction activity. The poly(MnTAPP) films also electrocatalytically oxidized ascorbic acid, SO 3 2 - , S 2 O 4 2 - , and Fe2+ in aqueous solution.
Communications between animals such as zebra finches can be discriminated with back-attached acceleration recorders. In contrast to microphones, these devices record the carrier's signals only, allowing a more precise analysis of individual vocalizations during social interactions.
This work is focused on the competitive effects on the performance of the electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) between porosity increase and simultaneous conductivity decrease for KOH-activated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A series of the CNTs have been activated with KOH to enhance their surface areas for application in EDLCs. The microstructure of the activated carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) is characterized with N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and electric conductivity measurement. Their electrochemical performances are evaluated in aqueous KOH electrolyte with galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and ac impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the KOH activation enhances the specific surface area of the CNTs and its specific capacitance but decreases its electric conductivity and the rate performance in EDLC. By controlling the activation of the CNTs to balance the porosity and conductivity, ACNTs with both high capacitance and good rate performance are obtained.
Working Memory Battery (WMB) operationalizes the concept of working memory of Baddeley and Hitch, consisting of three components: phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and central executive. We hypothesized the existence of a significant correlation of WM with achievement in reading, writing and counting in primary school cycle. The battery will make the difference between masculine gender and feminine gender, between early ages and late ages of the cycle. We used Clinciu Working Memory Battery, consisting of five subtests. WMB is a good expression of working memory, showing a close connection to the criterion of academic achievement in the first school cycle.
Abstracts Three-dimension ivy-structured MoS2 nanoflakes @ nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (MoS2@N-CNFs) composite membrane was designed by a combined electrospinning and hydrothermal technique. The MoS2@N-CNFs membrane is employed as a free-standing cathode for Li/polysulfides batteries. N-CNFs membrane with high electrical conductivity is used as a current collector to effectively reduce the internal resistance in the electrode and immobilize the dissolved lithium polysulfides with mesoporous N-CNFs with pyridine nitrogen. The MoS2 nanoflakes introduced into N-CNFs membrane offer a hierarchical composite structure, in which the MoS2 nanoflakes not only have chemical binding with the lithium polysulfides, but also promote fast redox reaction kinetics with high capacity and low voltage polarization. Meanwhile, the MoS2 nanoflakes have been demonstrated to show strong binding energy and be capable of anchoring polysulfides based on density functional theory calculations. As a result, with a high sulfur loading of 7.11 mg, the assembled cell with MoS2@N-CNFs + Li2S6 cathode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances with a capacity decay rate of 0.08% per cycle over 250 cycles at 0.2C. Moreover, when the sulfur loading is further increased to 11.84 mg, a capacity decay rate of 0.25% per cycle over 100 cycles is achieved. Consequently, the method used in here provides a new insight to produce N-doped carbon nanofibers with metal sulfides/metal oxides nanoflakes composites as free-standing materials with the high sulfur loading for lithium-sulfur batteries.
Porous hollow LiCoMnO4 microspheres have been prepared and tested as cathode materials for 5 V lithium ion batteries. The microspheres, which combine porous structures in the surface and hollow structures inward, show high capacity, good cyclic reversibility and rate capability as cathode materials for high-voltage Li ion batteries. The LiCoMnO4 microspheres exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 115.5 mAh g−1 at 1 C, maintain a discharge capacity of 91.7 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles with the capacity retention of 79.4%. When cycled at 5 C, the initial capacity is 95.5 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is 52.6% after 60 cycles. The special porous hollow structure allows for the full contact with the electrolyte, enhances the electrochemical reaction kinetics, and buffers the volume expansion thus maintaining the structural integrity.
The Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) is an approach of particular interest to the interpretation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The DRT allows direct access to the time characteristics of the electrochemical system under study. Obtaining the DRT from noisy EIS data requires solving an ill-posed problem using regularization methods. In this work we investigate the optimal choice of the regularization parameter in the case of ridge regression. For this purpose we propose two novel sets of test functions known as real and imaginary discrepancy test function, and real and imaginary cross-validation test functions. Furthermore, we show the validity of these tests with synthetic and real experiments. By applying the optimal regularization parameters, the DRT results from the synthetic experiments (an RC circuit, a ZARC, and a fractal element) successfully reproduce the known exact DRT. Additionally, in the cases taken from electrochemical practice (a collection of RC circuits, a symmetric cell, and a commercial Li-ion battery) our approach confirms the ability to identify various timescales. Additionally, we study the output of the regularization using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) and we highlight the added value given by the synergetic use of Lasso and ridge regression.
We have previously shown that in addition to its widely recognised cardiotoxicity, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) is able to induce transcriptional, microRNA (miRNA) and DNA methylation changes in the mouse testis. These changes perturb pathways involved in stress/cell death and survival and testicular function and lead to germ cell loss and reproductive organ damage. Here, we further investigated the differential miRNA expression induced by DOX in mouse spermatogonial (GC1), Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cell lines in vitro. We began by performing cell cycle analysis of the three mouse testicular cell lines to evaluate their sensitivity to DOX and thus select suitable doses for miRNA profiling. In keeping with our in vivo data, the spermatogonial cell line was the most sensitive, and the Sertoli cell line the most resistant to DOX-induced cell cycle arrest. We then further demonstrated that each cell line has a distinct miRNA profile, which is perturbed upon treatment with DOX. Pathway analysis identified changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of specialised signalling at germ–Sertoli and Sertoli–Sertoli cell junctions following treatment with DOX. Amongst the most significant disease categories associated with DOX-induced miRNA expression were organismal injury and abnormalities, and reproductive system disease. This suggests that miRNAs play significant roles in both normal testicular function and DOX-induced testicular toxicity. Comparison of our in vitro and in vivo data highlights that in vitro cell models can provide valuable mechanistic information, which may also help facilitate the development of biomarkers of testicular toxicity and high-throughput in vitro screening methods to identify potential testicular toxicants.
Micro-spherical particle of MnCO3 has been successfully synthesized in CTAB–C8H18–C4H9OH–H2O micro-emulsion system. Mn2O3 decomposed from the MnCO3 is mixed with Li2CO3 and sintered at 800°C for 12h, and the pure spinel LiMn2O4 in sub-micrometer size is obtained. The LiMn2O4 has initial discharge specific capacity of 124mAhg−1 at discharge current of 120mAg−1 between 3 and 4.2V, and retains 118mAhg−1 after 110 cycles. High-rate capability test shows that even at a current density of 16C, capacity about 103mAhg−1 is delivered, whose power is 57 times of that at 0.2C. The capacity loss rate at 55°C is 0.27% per cycle.
To improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, the functional separators were developed by coating water-based polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder particles solution using polyvinyl alcohol as the binder on both sides of a conventional polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane by means of simple dipping. The electrochemical performance was tested and compared with that of pure PP membrane. It was found that the PVDF powder particles accumulated and scattered on the surface of PP membrane. Many voids existed among the powder particles. The thermal shrinkage percent tested at 130°C for 1h was decreased from 59.4% to 12.7%, whereas the electrolyte uptake was increased from 80% to 140%. The separator coated with 10% solid content of PVDF particles exhibited the best electrochemical performance, including the cycling performance and rate capability. The coated PVDF component not only decreased the interface resistance but also increased the ionic conductivity, owing to the high strong affinity of PVDF toward polar solvents and the voids among the PVDF particles to afford the passage for Li-ions.
In the present study, cathode materials (C/LiCoO2) of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were co-processed via an innovative mechanochemical method, i.e. LiCoO2/PVC/Fe was co-grinded followed by water-leaching. This procedure generated recoverable LiCl from Li by the dechlorination of PVC and also generated magnetic CoFe4O6 from Co. The effects of different additives (e.g. alkali metals, non-metal oxides, and zero-valent metals) on (i) the conversion rates of Li and Co and (ii) the dechlorination rate of PVC were investigated, and the reaction mechanisms were explored. It was found that the chlorine atoms in PVC were mechanochemically transformed into chloride ions that bound to the Li in LiCoO2 to form LiCl. This resulted in reorganization of the Co and Fe crystals to form the magnetic material CoFe4O6. This study provides a more environmentally-friendly, economical, and straightforward approach for the recycling of spent LIBs and waste PVC compared to traditional processes.
The rapid development of microelectronics and microsystems has stimulated the continuous evolution of high-performance and cost-effective micro-batteries. Despite their competitiveness with huge application potential, sodium ion micro-batteries (NIMBs) are still underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate one prototype of a quasi-solid-state planar ionogel-based NIMB constructed by separator-free interdigital microelectrodes of sodium titanate anode and sodium vanadate phosphate cathode, both of which are embedded into a three-dimensional interconnected graphene scaffold. Meanwhile, a novel NaBF4-based ionogel electrolyte with robust ionic conductivity of 8.1 mS cm−1 was used. Benefiting from the synergetic merits from the planar architecture, dominant pseudocapacitance contribution, and 3D multi-directional Na-ion diffusion mechanism, the as-assembled NIMBs exhibit high volumetric capacity of 30.7 mA h cm−3 at 1C, and high rate performance with 15.7 mA h cm−3 at 30C at room temperature and 13.5 mA h cm−3 at 100C at a high temperature of 100 °C. Moreover, the quasi-solid-state NIMBs present outstanding flexibility, tunable voltage and capacity output, and remarkable areal energy density of 145 μW h cm−2 (55.6 mW h cm−3). Therefore, this work will provide numerous chances to construct planar NIMBs for microsystems.
This month the UK government will receive tenders to install large-scale solar power on public buildings across the country in a £3 million (US$4.3m) large-scale building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) field trial.
Organic–inorganic hybrid membranes, as promising direct methanol fuel cell membranes, have become a research focus in recent years. Wherein interfacial morphology, greatly influenced by the polymer chain flexibility and interfacial stress generated during membrane formation, is a critical determinant of efficient suppression of methanol crossover. In this study, a novel and feasible approach for rational fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) membrane is tentatively explored. By adding plasticizer in the membrane casting solution and/or elevating solvent evaporation temperature during membrane fabrication, the glass transition temperature (T g) and crystallinity of the chitosan/zeolite hybrid membrane are both remarkably decreased. In particular, the interface voids are substantially eliminated, generating a more desirable interfacial morphology and consequently leading to an improved performance in suppressing methanol crossover. The chitosan/mordenite/sorbitol hybrid membrane prepared with 30wt% of sorbitol and 15wt% of mordenite exhibits a 44% reduction in methanol permeability compared with chitosan control membrane. The variation of methanol permeability with mordenite and sorbital content is tentatively elucidated by the change of free volume cavity size in the membrane determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements.
Motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is proposed to occur by necroptosis, an inflammatory form of regulated cell death. Prior studies implicated necroptosis in ALS based on accumulation of necroptotic markers in affected tissues of patients and mouse models, and amelioration of disease in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) mice with inhibition of the upstream necroptotic mediators, receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and RIPK3. To definitively address the pathogenic role of necroptosis in ALS, we genetically ablated the critical terminal executioner of necroptosis, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), in SOD1G93A mice. Disease onset, progression, and survival were not affected in SOD1G93A mice lacking MLKL. Motor neuron degeneration and activation of neuroinflammatory cells, astrocytes, and microglia, were independent of MLKL expression in SOD1G93A mice. While RIPK1 accumulation occurred in spinal cords of SOD1G93A mice in late stage disease, RIPK3 and MLKL expression levels were not detected in central nervous system tissues from normal or SOD1G93A mice at any disease stage. These findings demonstrate that necroptosis does not play an important role in motor neuron death in ALS, which may limit the potential of therapeutic targeting of necroptosis in the treatment of neurological disorders.
Abstract The air-cathode of microbial fuel cells provides an approach of zero energy consumption to supply with the cost-free source of electron donors for energy recovery from wastewater. The catalyst layer (CL) is the place where oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) happen, which mainly determines the performance of the air-cathode. In this review, we discuss the CL toward future application based on the overview of the air-cathode structure, the ORR catalyst, the binder, and the biofouling. Both bottlenecks and possible solutions are also interpreted.
Pd45Pt5Sn50 electrocatalyst was prepared by a NaBH4 reduction of PdCl2, H2PtCl6 and SnCl2 in THF at 0°C. This catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) microanalysis and hydrodynamic electrochemical technique. XRD, SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the borohydrate reduction methodology enable the synthesis of conglomerated particles nanometric in size ranging from 1 to 6nm. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity was investigated on carbon dispersed catalyst by rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique in H2SO4 0.5M. The effect of temperature on the kinetics was analyzing resulting in an apparent activation energy of 42.54±1kJmol−1, value which is less than the obtained for the nanostructured bimetallic PdSn electrocatalyst under the same experimental condition. The Pd45Pt5Sn50 electrocatalyst dispersed on a carbon powder was tested as cathode electrocatalyst in a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) arriving to a power density of 210mWcm−2 at 0.35V and 80°C.
Polybenzimidazol (PBI) solutions of dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) were electrospun to be webs consisting of 250-nm ultra-fine fibers. The webs were carbonized, activated by steam, and resulted in activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs). The average pore diameter and specific surface areas were 0.64–0.66nm and 500–1220m2/g, respectively. The specific capacitance from the activated carbon nanofiber ranged from 125 to 178F/g, depending on the activation temperature. The capacitance of the electrical double layer capacitor was strongly dependent on the specific surface area, micro pore volume, and resistivity of the samples.
A lithium-ion polymer battery using the lithiated perfluorinated sulfonic ion-exchange membranes swollen with organic non-aqueous solvent as both separator and electrolyte is demonstrated, and shows very good capacity retention compared with the conventional lithium-ion battery using the liquid electrolyte.
Nitrogen doped hierarchically porous carbon derived from prawn shells have been efficiently synthesized through a simple, economically viable and environmentally benign approach. The prawn shell derived carbon (PSC) has high inherent nitrogen content (5.3%) and possesses a unique porous structure with the co-existence of macro, meso and micropores which can afford facile storage and transport channels for both Li and Na ions. PSC is well characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM), High resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Solid state-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies have been conducted on pristine PSC and Li/Na interacted PSC. PSC as anode for Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) delivers superior electrochemical reversible specific capacity (740 mAh g−1 at 0.1 Ag-1 current density for 150 cycles) and high rate capability. When used as anode material for Sodium ion batteries (SIBs), PSC exhibits excellent reversible specific capacity of 325 mAh g−1 at 0.1 Ag-1 for 200 cycles and rate capability of 107 mAh g−1 at 2 Ag-1. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the employment of natural waste material as a potential anode for both LIB and SIB, which will definitively make a strike in the energy storage field.
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs), inheriting the merits from supercapacitors and many batteries, exhibit promise in energy storage technologies. However, they are bottlenecked by the sluggish diffusion of Zn2+, Zn dendrite growth and inadequate cathodes. Herein, newly designed layered B/N co-doped porous carbon (LDC) guided by the intercalator is proposed for the first time as cathode material for high-energy-power ZHSs to efficiently mitigate these issues. Associated with the multiple synergy of short mass/charge transfer pathway, fast kinetics and increased electroactivity endowed by the structurally engineered LDC, the quasi-solid Zn//gelatin/ZnSO4 (gel)//LDC ZHS device exhibits intriguing Zn-storage capabilities, including exceptional energy/power density of 86.8 Wh kg−1/12.2 kW kg−1 in a relatively wide voltage window of 0.2–1.8 V, long service life of 6500 cycles at 5 A g−1 and low self-discharge. Moreover, smart watch and LED indicator can be driven well by this device. The present results highlight the facile and efficient synthesis of a layered carbon-based cathode material, significantly contributing to the rapid development of eco-friendly and scalable Zn-based hybrid energy devices.