batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective We assessed major cognitive domains in major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to a healthy control group using neurocognitive tests. We hypothesized that lower serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels would be associated with poorer neurocognitive performance in patients with major depression and that these associations would be shown in healthy controls as well. Method Executive functions, sustaining and focusing of attention, memory functions, and verbal fluency were assessed in this study using the Trail-Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Interference Test-TBAG Form (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), Auditory Consonant Trigram test (ACTT), Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale (DST), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Results The MDD group showed significantly poorer performance than the control group in cognitive functions; they also had lower levels of BDNF than the control group. However, there was no correlation between cognitive performances and BDNF levels except in the TMT, Part B. Conclusions The current understanding of the importance of neurocognitive assessment and related biological markers in depression is improving. Further studies with larger sample sizes evaluating neurocognitive functions with molecular analyses of BDNF levels may reveal a novel marker for predicting and monitoring neurocognitive deficits in depression.
To seek a promising candidate for 5V electrolytes, fluorine-free lithium bis(oxalato) borat (LiBOB) is chosen as the lithium salt, and lithium difluoro(sulfato) borate (LiBSO4F2) is investigated as an additive for the stabilization of a high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. Cyclic voltammetry test, AC impedance measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis are used to examine the electrochemical stability and the compatibility between electrolytes and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. It is found that the addition of 0.1M LiBF2SO4 to 0.7M LiBOB-based electrolyte could significantly decrease the interfacial impedance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, due to the fact that LiBSO4F2 is involved in the formation of protective film on cathode surface, as well as the prior oxidation reactions of LiBOB. Moreover, LiBSO4F2 additive could obviously improve both of the capacity retention and the rate performance of lithium-ion cells. These results demonstrate that using blend salts can combine the advantages of LiBOB and LiBSO4F2 to maximize the electrochemical performances of lithium-ion cells.
Monodispersed hollow Fe3O4 spheres with different diameters and shell thickness were synthesized by a simple solvothermal process and were investigated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The shell of the hollow spheres exhibited porous structure composed of aggregated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The composition and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A novel formation mechanism was proposed based on the results of time-dependent reactions. The electrochemical tests of the hollow Fe3O4 spheres were performed to determine the reversible capacity, rate and cycling performance as anode materials for LIBs. The Fe3O4 obtained from the reaction at 200°C for 48h exhibited the best specific capacity and capacity retention and superior rate performance compared to other Fe3O4 spheres, which is ascribed to their reasonable particle size, high crystallinity and hollow spherical structures. Different conductive additive were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4 hollow spheres. The binary conductive additives containing acetylene black (AB) and carbon nanobutes (CNTs) improved the electrochemical performance of the Fe3O4 hollow spheres obviously. The results reveal that there is a synergistic effect of the particle size, crystallinity and conductive agents on the electrochemical properties of the hollow Fe3O4 spheres.
One of the most attractive research areas in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is to design elaborate nanostructure of the electrode, which has been considered as keys to solve the problems such as the low energy density, slow lithium ion and electron transport, and the large volume change of electrode materials during cycling processes. Here, mesoporous Co3O4 with controllable structures was directly grown on a graphene membrane by hydrothermal reaction followed by annealing treatment, and used as an integrated anode in LIBs without using metallic current collector, binder and conductive additive. The light graphene membrane as current collector with high electrical conductivity and stability contributes to the high energy density of LIBs. A mesoporous structure with enough space is beneficial to lithium ion diffusion and strain buffer of Co3O4 during discharge/charge processes, rendering the electrodes high performance. The integrated electrode shows good rate capability and impressive cycling stability without capacity loss over 500 cycles under a high current density of 500 mA g−1.
Performance in olfactory identification was studied in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using slightly expanded standard clinical approach to study the olfactory nerve. Four hundred and eighty-six cognitively normal individuals and 72 individuals with MCI underwent spontaneous and cued odor identification and delayed odor recall. Performance in these was compared with the performance in the CERAD version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT). The individuals with MCI scores significantly worse in all tests compared with controls, but the performance in tests assessing odor were less impaired than performance in the BNT. Standard assessment of olfactory nerve function is not sufficient to study cognitive impairment in MCI.
At present, the high-energy milling method becomes widely used for the preparation of nanocrystalline materials due to its relative simplicity and availability. In this overview, selected examples are presented of the preparation of nanoscale materials by homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanochemical reactions in spinel ferrites. Despite numerous efforts, the understanding of the nonequilibrium mechanochemical processes is considered to be far from complete, leaving large scope for further research in this exciting field.
Sodium-ion batteries offer a potential solution to the problem of limited lithium resources, and the newly developed positive electrode material Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 is attracting significant attention due to its high rate, high capacity, and high voltage compared to other sodium-ion battery materials. However, details of its electronic structure and its charge/discharge behavior are still uncertain. Here we report detailed first-principles calculations of the desodiation behavior of Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7 using the GGA + U formalism of density functional theory. Assuming a stepwise desodiation process, removal of Na down to NaCo3(PO4)2P2O7 is found to be accompanied by oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+. Further removal of Na to give Co3(PO4)2P2O7 requires oxidation of oxygen 2p orbitals in the P2O7 polyhedra instead of Co3+ being oxidized to Co4+. The holes thus formed are expected to be strongly self-trapped, rendering them immobile at room temperature. At the same time, a large volume shrinkage is observed during this last desodiation step, constricting the Na migration channels. These two factors may explain the difficulty encountered experimentally in removing all Na from Na4Co3(PO4)2P2O7.
Monoliths of aromatic sulfur mediated mesoporous carbon were fabricated via an aqueous self-assembly strategy and the species of sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone on the surface can be tuned rationally. The resultant S-doped mesoporous carbon exhibited superior performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The controllable modulation of sulfur species provided a possibility to clearly understand the role sulfur playing and allowed mechanistic insight into material requirements for high performance capacitors.
The purpose of this study consists of analyzing the existing correlations between the topographical memory, the concentration of attention under slow and fast speed conditions and the sports performance of the top junior female tennis players. The MT and TAC computerized tests, included into the PSISELTEVA battery, developed by RQ Plus, evaluates the topographical memory and the concentration of attention, expressed through specific parameters. The subjects who took part in this study are 8 junior female tennis players, taking part of the elite of the Romanian and of the European players. Using the Spearman correlation there have been important relations highlighted between the topographical memory coefficient, the concentration of attention under fast speed conditions and the sports performance, expressed through the ranking position (the official ranking system).
Pharmaceuticals have been reported in surface waters, prompting legitimate public concern, as pharmaceuticals are biologically active compounds used daily by the public. Currently there are ecotoxicological data available for <1%, thus, the European Union Commission’s Scientific committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and Environment (CSTEE) recommended use of (Q)SAR models and precaution to prioritize further risk assessment of ∼4500 compounds and their adjuvants. We ranked 2986 different pharmaceutical compounds in 51 classes relative to hazard toward algae, daphnids, and fish using the EPIWIN program. This ranking cannot be used to acquit a compound based on predicted relative ranking. Modifying additives were the most toxic classes. Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, antiviral, anxiolytic sedatives hypnotics and antipsychotics, corticosteroid, and thyroid pharmaceuticals were the predicted most hazardous therapeutic classes. The overall relative order of susceptibility was estimated to be daphnids>fish>algae. Expert judgment is needed to assess specific hazards for classes like microbial resistance and antibiotics, sex hormones, and endocrine disruptors. As human health and the function of ecological systems are interconnected and subject to the precautionary principle, harmonization of evidence for correlation and causality of adverse effects seems sensible in an ethical and cost-effective context to facilitate substitution of hazardous compounds. Data available: http://www.uoguelph.ca/~hsander/.
For isolated power networks supplied by intermittent energy sources, several doubts have emerged regarding the impact of the uncertainties on the networks reliability. This paper performs optimal sizing for a hybrid power system with wind/energy storage sources based on stochastic modeling of historical wind speed and load demand. The autoregressive moving average is used to stochastically model the uncertainty of the load demand/wind speed and, the sequential Monte Carlo simulation is performed to chronologically sample the system states. The contribution of the paper can be summarized as follows: (1) an objective function based on self-adapted evolutionary strategy in combination with the Fischer–Burmeister algorithm is proposed to minimize the one-time investment and annual operational costs of the wind/energy storage sources; and (2) the effect of the cycle efficiency and charging/discharging rate of different energy storage units on the system cost is investigated under different reliability and load shifting levels. The computational performance of the proposed optimization solver is proven in order to obtain the minimum possible investment cost. The presented case studies in this paper provide the decision makers with the flexibility to choose the suitable capacity installation at different values of reliability and load shifting levels.
Peak currents and potentials of voltammograms of lithium ion at the pyrolytic graphite electrode were obtained under the conventionally voltammetric conditions except for addition of supporting electrolyte. They were interpreted on the basis of the voltammetric concept in order to estimate rate-determining steps and redox potentials at zero current. The cathodic wave at concentrations less than 10mM was controlled by diffusion and migration of lithium ion in the solution, whereas that at higher concentrations was by the intercalation kinetics. The anodic wave was caused by the deintercalation, and behaved like an adsorption wave. The cathodic charge evaluated from the integration of the voltammogram was larger by 30% than the anodic one because of side reaction of acetonitrile or impurities. The anodic and the cathodic peak potentials extrapolated to zero current were, respectively, −1.58 and −2.11V vs. Ag|AgCl, which can be regarded as universal values. The crystallinity of graphite electrode was investigated by Raman spectroscopy.
In this manuscript a novel approach to enable aqueous binders for lithium ion battery (LIB) cathodes is reported. Producing LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrodes using sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a binder and water as a solvent, in fact, results in serious aluminum corrosion during electrode manufacturing due to the high pH of the slurry. In order to prevent the direct contact of the corrosive slurry with aluminum foil, the latter is first coated with a thin carbon layer. The CMC-based electrodes formed on carbon coated aluminum foil show enhanced performance than those made using unprotected aluminum instead. In particular, electrodes using protected aluminum foil are able to deliver a capacity of 126 mAh g−1 at 1C rate, which is rather close to that delivered by polyvinylidene-di-fluoride (PVdF)-based electrode having the same composition.
A cost-effective layer-by-layer brush-coating technique was developed to fabricate a flexible yarn-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (FY-PNG) to harness abundant waste mechanical energy. A simple sol-gel method was used to synthesize the orthorhombic crystalline phase of bismuth titanate perovskite, i.e., Bi4Ti3O12 (BiTO). A single FY-PNG device generated a maximum peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage (VOC(P–P)), short-circuit current (ISC(P–P)), and instantaneous area power density of 60 V, 400 nA, and 18.5 mW/m2, respectively, upon application of a 1 N periodic mechanical load. The switching polarity of the FY-PNG demonstrated good phase shifting between the output signals and confirmed that the output derived from the device and not from any external sources. The working mechanism, electrical poling effect, force analysis, repeatability, stability, charging, energy storage analysis, and sensitivity to biomechanical force of the FY-PNG was thoroughly investigated. The FY-PNG device output was used to power five commercial green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a display system. Additionally, a non-invasive self-powered breathing sensor (SPBS) was developed to monitor human inhalation/exhalation. The repeatability and reproducibility of SPBS evaluated using different devices and test subjects demonstrated a good variation in output (i.e., 0.2–0.4 V) for inhalation/exhalation; the SPBS was also evaluated under slow/fast and constant breathing conditions. The proposed brush-coating technique for FY-PNGs is an efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easily scalable technique that can pave the way to the design of novel-shaped PNG devices for applications such as implantable self-powered biosensors and automotive electronic systems.
SnO2 is considered as a promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, limited work has been focused on tensile mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of lithiated and delithiated SnO2-based nanomaterials, which is of critical importance for the reliability of LIBs. In this study, in-situ tensile test performed in scanning electron microscope is employed to quantitatively study the tensile fracture of these electrochemically modified SnO2 nanowires (NWs). It is found that the lithiation-delithiation processes can cause a phase transition from crystalline to composite structure, leading to an obvious increase in fracture strain accompanied by plastic deformation, as compared to pristine SnO2 NWs. Meanwhile, the fracture strength and Young's modulus of SnO2 NWs were dramatically reduced. Interestingly, mechanical properties of delithiated SnO2 NWs are generally higher than those of lithiated ones. A finite element model was established based on a linear elastic-to-plastic hardening law to predict the tensile mechanical behaviors of lithiated and delithiated SnO2 NWs. The fitting results are in good agreement with experimental data. This work provides a basic understanding of mechanical characteristics of SnO2-based nanomaterials for LIBs applications.
Lead plays an important role in many industrial processes. Although highly useful to man, lead has various types of toxic effects. There is constantly growing evidence of a relationship between the induction of chromosome breaks and an increased risk of onset of cancer. However, available data about the possible genotoxic and carcinogenic action of lead are conflicting. In this report we present the results of studies on lead concentrations in blood and the respective micronucleus frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes from workers employed in the recycling of automotive batteries in the surroundings of Porto Alegre, Brazil. We observed that in the occupationally exposed group, both lead concentration in peripheral blood and micronucleus frequency in lymphocytes were significantly higher compared to control (Z =6.35, P <0.0001 and Z =4.47, P <0.0001). The nuclear division index (NDI) values were significantly higher in the control group than in the exposed group (Z =2.13, P =0.0330), indicating a possible effect of Pb on nuclear proliferation. We also detected a negative correlation between micronuclei and progression of nuclear division (τ =−0.312, P =0.0129). There were no changes in micronucleus frequency between smoking and non-smoking workers exposed to lead (Z =0.03, P =0.9790). The only difference found between the groups of smokers and non-smokers was with respect to NDI, whose values were significantly higher among non-smokers (Z =1.98, P =0.0481).
Electrospun fiber-based composite membrane with interconnected porous structure has drawn significant attention for application in lithium-ion battery (LIB) owing to its high ion transportation. Here, we report a facile approach to fabricate the hierarchically micro/nanostructured ultrathin SiO2-PAN skin layer on the PAN-PU fibrous membrane surface via electrospinning and sequential electrospraying techniques. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the micro/nanostructure and the superior electrolyte affinity of the SiO2-PAN skin layer, the as-prepared SiO2-PAN@PAN-PU membrane demonstrates the decreased pore size (1.18 μm), enhanced ionic conductivity (1.4 mS cm−1) and robust electrochemical stability up to 5.08 V. Moreover, the introduction of skin layer endows the as-prepared SiO2-PAN@PAN-PU membrane with improved stress strength (15.7 MPa) and excellent thermostability of 200 °C. Compared with the PAN-PU and Celgard membranes, the dual-layer micro/nanostructured SiO2-PAN@PAN-PU fibrous membrane based Li/LiFePO4 cell assembled with high mass-loading LiFePO4 demonstrates a more stable cycling lifetime with a high discharge capacity (107.4 mAh g−1 at the 105th cycles) and higher rate capability (75.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C). The strategy using electrospraying technique demonstrated in this work will open the door to narrow fibrous membrane pore size and enhance ionic conductivity for potential application in the high-power LIB.
Oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in flooded lead-acid batteries during float charging were studied by galvanostatic steady-state polarization and impedance spectroscopy techniques. Given the very low relaxation frequencies of such processes (between 2 and 0.05mHz), impedance measurements needed to be extended to the ultra-low frequency domain. Investigation of their dynamic behavior provided a complete description of the porous character of the active zone. The steps involved in the reaction mechanisms are also discussed.
A novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/TiO2 double-deck membrane which consists of a layer of SPEEK and a layer of TiO2 was prepared and investigated for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the SPEEK/TiO2 membrane, including the water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, VO2+ permeability and ion selectivity are evaluated in detail, compared to the pristine SPEEK membrane and Nafion 117 membrane. The scanning electron microscopy images reveal its double-deck structure and the structural stability with no delamination, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) identifies its thermal stability. Among all membranes, the SPEEK/TiO2 double-deck membrane possesses lowest vanadium ion permeability (6.66×10−7 cm2 min−1) and highest ion selectivity (9.46×104 Smincm−3). The VRB single cell with SPEEK/TiO2 double-deck membrane shows higher coulombic efficiency (97.0% vs 93.3%) and energy efficiency (85.8% vs 83.7%) compared to that with Nafion 117 membrane at 60mAcm−2. Furthermore, the SPEEK/TiO2 double-deck membrane exhibits highly stable cell performance after 60 times of cycling tests at 60mAcm−2 and lower capacity decay rate than that of Nafion 117 membrane. Therefore, the SPEEK/TiO2 double-deck membrane exhibits good potential usage in VRB systems.
Nickel–iron (Ni–Fe), nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd), nickel–hydrogen (Ni–H2), nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) and nickel–zinc (Ni–Zn) batteries employ nickel oxide electrodes as the positive plates, and are hence, categorised as nickel-based batteries. This article highlights the operating principles and advances made in these battery systems during the recent years. In particular, significant improvements have been made in the Ni–MH batteries which are slowly capturing the market occupied by the ubiquitous Ni–Cd batteries.
Cardiovascular electronic devices have enormous benefits for health and quality of life but the long-term operation of these implantable and wearable devices remains a huge challenge owing to the limited life of batteries, which increases the risk of device failure and causes uncertainty among patients. A possible approach to overcoming the challenge of limited battery life is to harvest energy from the body and its ambient environment, including biomechanical, solar, thermal and biochemical energy, so that the devices can be self-powered. This strategy could allow the development of advanced features for cardiovascular electronic devices, such as extended life, miniaturization to improve comfort and conformability, and functions that integrate with real-time data transmission, mobile data processing and smart power utilization. In this Review, we present an update on self-powered cardiovascular implantable electronic devices and wearable active sensors. We summarize the existing self-powered technologies and their fundamental features. We then review the current applications of self-powered electronic devices in the cardiovascular field, which have two main goals. The first is to harvest energy from the body as a sustainable power source for cardiovascular electronic devices, such as cardiac pacemakers. The second is to use self-powered devices with low power consumption and high performance as active sensors to monitor physiological signals (for example, for active endocardial monitoring). Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the field.
Technologies of lithium ion secondary batteries (LIB) were pioneered by Sony. Since the introduction of LIB on the market first in the world in 1991, the LIB has been applied to consumer products as diverse as cellular phones, video cameras, notebook computers, portable minidisk players and others. Years of assiduous efforts and researches to improve LIB performances enabled LIB to play a leading role in the portable secondary battery market. In this article, the past 10 years’ technological achievement is traced and future possibilities are discussed.