batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective: Although epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may protect against cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, the relation between estrogen and cognition in postmenopausal women remains controversial. Methods: In a double-blind placebo-controlled, parallel group design study the effects of HRT with the estrogen–progestogen combination Presomen 1.25 compositum® (1.25mg equine conjugated estrogens administered for 21 days plus the progestogen 5mg medrogeston given for 11 days) on event-related potentials (ERPs) in postmenopausal patients with age-related cognitive decline (DSM-IV code 780.9, ICD-10 code R 41.8) were investigated. After a pre-drug comparison with age-matched normal postmenopausal controls, 48 psychotropic drug-free patients aged 60 ± 6 years were randomized to receive either placebo or verum for 4 months. ERPs were recorded before as well as on the 91–92 days of the study, which thus fell into the estrogen phase of the treatment during the fourth cycle. Results: At baseline, patients showed a lengthening of P300 latency and an attenuation of P300 amplitudes as compared with normal controls. After HRT with Presomen, a significant shortening of P300 latency as compared with placebo was observed. Conclusions: The baseline P300 differences suggest that in the patient group the aging process was advanced, while after HRT with Presomen a significant improvement and normalization of information processing as indexed by P300 was observed.
To study the influence of the synthesis method on the electrochemical performances of the Li4Ti5O12 spinel (LTO) several samples have been prepared by three different synthesis procedures (sol–gel, self-combustion and solid-state). The use of the same Ti-source (TiCl4) and strictly the same experimental conditions has allowed performing a meaningful comparison analysis. The structural characterization by X-ray diffraction shown that cubic spinels, with similar cell parameter (a c ∼8.35Å), were obtained for the three methods. The purity of the samples prepared by sol–gel (LTO-SG) and combustion (LTO-CB) was very high, >96%. FE-SEM studies revealed that the particle size (ps) and the particle aggregation notably changed with the synthesis method. The ps-values grow up from 301nm for LTO-SG to 1580nm for the sample synthesized by solid-state (LTO-SS). The comparison of the galvanostatic results permitted to demonstrate that LTO-electrochemical performances (capacity, cycleability and rate capability) strongly depend on the synthesis method. The LTO-SG sample exhibited the best electrochemical performances, with a discharge capacity of 146mAh/g at 0.2C, elevated cycleability and the highest rate capability. New formulation Li-ion full-cells with the synthesized LTO-samples as anode and LiCo2/3Ni1/6Mn1/6O2 as cathode have been assembled and studied. They have remarkable cycling performances with capacity retentions >90% after 50 cycles.
The design and fabrication of advanced electrode materials for supercapacitor have been extensively explored recently. The spinel transition metal oxides have drawn considerable attentions because of their high theoretical capacity to store electrical charge. This work introduced a general hydrothermal assisted co-precipitation approach to fabricate five kinds of spinel MCo2O4 (M = Co, Mn, Fe, Mg and Zn) submicron prisms on nickel foams. Among these spinel MCo2O4 electrodes, the MgCo2O4 exhibited the highest specific capacity of 613.5 C g−1 (0.883 C cm−2) at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. All the specific capacities of bimetallic oxides were higher than single metal oxide Co3O4, indicating the enhanced electrochemical performance of bimetallic oxides. The correlations between peak currents and the square root of the scan rates of all prepared electrode materials showed OH− diffusion-controlled characteristic in their redox reactions. Furthermore, an assembled MgCo2O4//AC hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) achieved a specific capacity and a specific energy of 182.8 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 39.7 W h kg−1, respectively. More impressively, this MgCo2O4//AC HSC showed a subsequent increase about 21.1% in specific capacity after 5000 cycles, suggesting its promising characteristics for the next generation energy storage device.
This paper presents a methodological approach to traffic condition recognition, based on driving segment clustering. Traffic condition recognition has many applications to various areas, such as intelligent transportation, adaptive cruise control, pollutant emissions dispersion, safety, and intelligent control strategies in hybrid electric vehicles. This study focuses on the application of driving condition recognition to the intelligent control of hybrid electric vehicles. For this purpose, driving features are identified and used for driving segment clustering, using the k -means clustering algorithm. Many combinations of driving features and different numbers of clusters are evaluated, in order to achieve the best traffic condition recognition results. The results demonstrate that traffic conditions can be correctly recognized in 87 percent of situations using the proposed approach.
In this research, metal–air battery based on Al, Zn, Al–0.5 Mg–0.02 Ga–0.1 Sn and Al–0.5 Mg–0.02 Ga–0.1 Sn–0.5 Mn (wt%) is prepared and the battery performance is investigated by constant current discharge test in 2 mol L−1 NaCl solutions. The characteristics of the anodes after discharge are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior of the anodes is studied by self-corrosion rate measurement and potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results show that Al–Mg–Ga–Sn–Mn is more active than Al, Zn and Al–Mg–Ga–Sn anodes. The self-corrosion rate is found to be in the order: Al < Al–Mg–Ga–Sn–Mn < Al–Mg–Ga–Sn < Zn. It has been observed that the Al–air battery based on Al–Mg–Ga–Sn–Mn offers higher operating voltage and anodic utilization than those with others. SEM and EIS results of the alloy are in good agreement with corrosion characteristics.
A series of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries with the formula LiV3−x Ni x O8 (x =0.000, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.100) have been synthesized by a novel low-temperature solid-state method. The synthesized cathode materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), discharge–charge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These results indicate that LiV2.95Ni0.050O8 shows much better electrochemical performances than LiV3O8. This is due to better electrochemical reversibility and lower particle-to-particle resistance after Ni2+ doping.
The requirements of the environment, saving resources, and comfortableness for automobiles are constantly increasing year after year. There is a trend to reduce the fuel cost and exhaust gas by changing the power source to high voltage, shutting the engine off during stopping and replacing the hydraulics parts and compressor, etc. which are driven by the out-put of the engine, with electrically actuated parts. A valve-regulated lead-acid battery is considered to be promising as a power supply suitable for this 42V electrical power system from the viewpoint of reliability and price, and is being actively studied. The 36V-VRLA battery applied to the 42V power supply system of the automobile demands higher out-put characteristics and longer life than a conventional automobile battery. Distances between electrodes are less than in a conventional battery and the pressure to assemble the electrodes will be higher than in the conventional battery. Mechanical short-circuit caused by physical force and chemical short-circuits caused by dendrite growth in this design of the battery could cause problems. We solved the problems by adding organic fibers for preventing the mechanical short-circuit and inorganic filler to restrain the chemical short-circuit to the AGM separator. This new AGM separator has twice the performance preventing mechanical short-circuits and five times for preventing chemical short-circuits in comparison with the separator in the past mixed with the fine glass fibers and coarse glass fibers. This AGM separator can restrain mechanical short-circuits and chemical short-circuits even if the thickness of the separator is decreased. This developed AGM separator should be of wide application because it can be applied to the VRLA battery demanded for the high out-put performance.
In the last decade, thousands of satellite-relayed data loggers (SRDLs) have been deployed, providing large datasets on marine predator movement patterns at sea and their diving behaviour. However, the latter is in a highly summarised, low-resolution form, from which it is difficult to make the sorts of important behavioural inferences that are possible from higher-resolution datasets (such as detection of likely foraging events). The main objective of this study was to develop a simple, but accurate tool to detect and quantify within-dive foraging periods in low-resolution dives.
Facet engineering of electrode materials with a special facet provides a new strategy to enhance their electrochemical properties. In the present work, hierarchical TiO2-B composed of nanosheets with exposed {010} facets are successfully synthesized via a facial hydrothermal route. When used as an anode for lithium ion batteries, this material demonstrates high capacities, excellent rata capability and remarkable cycling performance. For instance, it displays a reversible capacity of 200.9 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1.675 A g−1 (5 C). Furthermore, a full cell consisted of hierarchical TiO2-B composed of nanosheets with exposed {010} facets anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibits a high capacity of 125.6 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1. Such outstanding electrochemical properties of this material can be attributed to hierarchical structure and the presence of exposed {010} facets which provides favorable lithium transport channels.
Williams (WS) and Down (DS) syndromes are characterised by roughly opposing ability profiles. Relative verbal strengths and visuospatial difficulties have been reported in those with WS, while expressive language difficulties have been observed in individuals with DS. Few investigations into the executive function (EF) skills of these groups have examined the effect of verbal/visuospatial task type on performance. Analogous verbal and visuospatial measures were administered to these populations within four EF domains: executive-loaded working memory (ELWM), inhibition, fluency and set-shifting. Performance in both groups was compared to that of typically developing (TD) children using regression techniques controlling for potentially influential cognitive/developmental factors. Individuals with WS showed the expected relative visuospatial difficulties, as indicated by poorer performance than TD individuals, on tests of ELWM and fluency. Individuals with DS displayed the expected relative verbal difficulty in the domain of set-shifting. In addition, each population showed pervasive deficits across modality in one domain; ELWM for individuals with DS, and inhibition for individuals with WS. Individuals with WS and DS showed EF difficulties in comparison to a TD group, but, their executive performance was affected by EF task type (verbal/visuospatial) and EF domain in different ways. While the findings indicated that EF in these populations is characterised by a range of specific strengths and weaknesses, it was also suggested that the relative verbal/visuospatial strengths associated with each population do not consistently manifest across EF domains. Lastly, syndrome specificity was indicated by the differences in groups’ performance patterns.
A novel approach has been proposed to improve the water management of a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) fed with neat methanol without increasing its volume or weight. By adopting perforated covers with different open ratios at the cathode, the water management has been significantly improved in a DMFC fed with neat methanol. An optimized cathode open ratio could ensure both the sufficient supply of oxygen and low water loss. While changing the open ratio of anode vaporizer can adjust the methanol crossover rate in a DMFC. Furthermore, the gas mixing layer, added between the anode vaporizer and the anode current collector to increase the mass transfer resistance, can improve the cell performance, decrease the methanol crossover, and increase the fuel efficiency. For the case of a DMFC fed with neat methanol, an anode vaporizer with the open ratio of 12% and a cathode open ratio of 20% produced the highest peak power density, 22.7mWcm−2, and high fuel efficiency, 70.1%, at room temperature of 25±1°C and ambient humidity of 25–50%.
Flower-like ZnO–NiO–C films with high reversible capacity and rate capability for lithium-ion batteries were fabricated through simple solution-immersion steps and subsequent heat treatment at moderate temperature. At a rate of 0.5C, reversible capacity greater than 485mAhg−1 could be retained at the 50th cycle for ZnO–NiO–C films. More importantly, the films delivered reversible capacities of 380, 300, 230, and 180mAhg−1 at 1, 2, 3 and 4C rates, respectively. The superior electrochemical properties of the ZnO–NiO–C films resulted from the advantages of flower-like architecture as well as the catalytic and conductive effects of the Ni phase produced in the first discharge process. Owing to easy fabrication and excellent electrochemical performance, these ZnO–NiO–C films will be promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The results of this study also offer possibilities of improving the lithium storage capacity of transition metal oxides by controlling both architecture and composition.
We show a significant enhancement of specific capacity of a hybrid composite prepared with carbon nanotube (CNT), bone charcoal and Ag nanoparticle (NP) constituents which may be explained by a mechanism involving the electronic coupling of Fermi levels of the NP and defective CNT. This electronic coupling leads to an additional specific capacity which is given by (CNPxCCNT)/(CNP +CCNT), where CNP and CCNT are the Li specific capacity of NP and CNT constituents, respectively. As a result, the specific capacity of defective carbon nanotube can be increased by twice with incorporation of only 0.8wt.% of Ag NPs.
The present study focused on a development of a buckypaper [a 45-µm-thick film composed of entangled Carbon nanotube (CNTs)] electrode or electrocatalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The surfaces of the pristine nanotubes in the buckypapers were functionalized by three well-known oxidative approaches: chemical, thermal, and electrochemical. Physical properties of the buckypapers and supported Pt electrocatalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical oxidation created the highest defect density as indicated by Raman data. In contrast, no significant change in surface functional group was observed after thermal oxidation. The TEM images revealed the successful deposition of Pt particles onto the buckypapers (35 wt% Pt/CNT) by an impregnation-reduction method, with average particle size between 2.5 and 3.5 nm. Electrocatalytic activity of the Pt electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction was evaluated using a rotating disk electrode. The ORR results showed Pt electrocatalysts supported on the modified buckypaper displayed substantially enhanced ORR activity in comparison to the pristine Pt/buckypaper. The highest ORR activity at 0.85 V was ~5.3 mA cm−2. Our results demonstrated that buckypaper may be a potential catalyst support for fuel cell applications.
Among numerous active electrode materials, manganese oxides are promising electrodes in supercapacitors. Manganese oxides research has thus far focused on the synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D) metal oxide nanostructured materials, which can have superior electrochemical performance. Several chemical methods are used to synthesize metal oxide nanostructured which involve toxic reagents, solvents and introduction of byproducts. However, physical method offers an eco-friendly path to develop contamination free 1-D metal oxide nanostructured materials. Here, we report the fabrication of binder free supercapacitor electrode of MnO2 nanorods on Nickel (Ni) coated porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) by DC magnetron sputtering for first time. Ni coated porous AAO substrate act as excellent current collector, enhancing the specific capacitance of MnO2 to 649F/g. The binder free symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high areal capacitance (112.6 mF/cm2), specific capacitance (194.23 Fg−1), good cyclic ability (89.83%) retention in capacitance after 5000 cycles), energy density (4.2 Whkg−1), and power density (1.4 kWkg−1 at 0.718 Whkg−1). These outstanding electrochemical performances, suggest their tremendous potential as supercapacitor electrode in energy storage application.
The effectiveness of shooting was tested in both prone and standing positions unsupported while wearing a new prototype infantry fighting equipment system developed under the Land Warrior (LW) program. Volunteers (n=12) were male infantry soldiers who were experienced marksmen. Volunteers shot while wearing three equipment configurations: the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU), BDU and the conventional fighting load (CONV), and BDU and the LW fighting load (LWFL). Significant differences (p<0.05) in distance from center of mass (DCM), shot group tightness (SGT) and percent of targets hit between equipment conditions were seen. Shooters shot approximately 42% farther away from the target center, had shot groups approximately 214% more disperse, and took 38% longer when shooting prone with the LWFL compared to the CONV conditions. The principal cause of shooting impairment while shooting prone with LWFL was the contact between the hard pack and the helmet preventing the shooter from properly lifting his head to see the target. Generally, when designing equipment, engineers should take into account performance under all body positions likely to be encountered in military operations. These results have demonstrated that both the standing and prone positions for shooting need to be considered when designing combat equipment for the fighting soldier. Relevance to industry The effect of a new piece of fighting equipment carried on the back as part of a soldiers' backpack was studied. The primary implication is for the military, but indirectly the results are important to any individual who wears a protective helmet and equipment on their back (construction workers, race car drivers, fire fighters, football players, etc.). A worker's equipment must be functional in all body positions that he/she may find themselves in, as opposed to just the standing anatomical position.
Redox flow batteries are of particular interest because of the flexible power and energy storage originating from their unique architecture, but their low energy density has inhibited their widespread dissemination. In this work, a novel strategy of tuning the pH of the electrolyte environment is put forward to enhance the battery voltage, and eventually achieve the goal of high energy density for all-aqueous redox flow batteries. With this strategy, a hybrid alkaline zinc–iodine redox flow battery has been designed with a 0.47 V potential enhancement by switching the anolyte from acidic to basic, thus inspiring an experimental high energy density of 330.5 W h L−1. This is an unprecedented record to date for an all-aqueous redox flow battery.
The zinc-based primary batteries have various merits including the low cost, high-security and reasonable energy, but their one-time use and low power performance limit the wider applications. Compared with the primary batteries, the supercapacitor has an extra higher cycling performance and power capability, but its specific energy is lower. Here we originally achieve a novel hybrid battery combined of a zinc-based primary battery and a supercapacitor through a unique assembly method. In this new structure, two symmetrical carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanoporous composites as supercapacitor electrodes are inserted in a zinc–manganese dioxide primary battery system with a way in series. Meanwhile, a special technique is used to form excellent conductive connections between the supercapacitor electrodes and the primary battery cathode and anode, respectively. This hybrid battery shows both a high specific power similar to that of the supercapacitor and a high specific energy comparable to that of the primary battery. It is more striking that the rechargeable character of this hybrid battery is much more excellent. Its specific capacity retained 75% after 500 cycles of charge–discharge at the high current density of 2Ag−1 while the coulombic efficiency kept at 100%. These notable improvements are attributed to the special design on the structure and chemistry system of the hybrid battery combining the merits of both the primary battery and the supercapacitor.
The Homecare project, which is part of a research project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), aims to define a new multi-sensor monitoring system for the elderly with cognitive disabilities in a care unit. Two subjects were recruited to participate to experimental trials. The main objective of this project is to design and test a complete monitoring system at a real site. It is a new clinical and technical approach which is complex to implement: Homecare is intended to propose a possible technical solution, demonstrate its feasibility and illustrate its use working at a protected site. The system consists of a motion sensor network deployed on the ceiling to monitor motion and an electronic patch worn by the subjects to identify them and detect falls. In order to locate tagged subjects inside the care unit, a network of anchor points is used. From these positions and movement data, an analysis algorithm detects an abnormal situation and alerts the nursing staff in real time. A Web application allows the medical staff to access movements and alarms. The complete monitoring system has been functioning for several months and continuously monitors two patients around the clock. In this paper, we present the implementation of the system, the method of localization inside the care unit, and the characterization of the fall detector, and we show certain results relating to activity data.
4LiF-NiMn2O4 composites are synthesized by the mechanical milling of LiF and NiMn2O4 in a molar ratio of 4: 1 for 36–192 h. The synthesized composites are investigated by XRD, charge-discharge measurements, and XPS. A broad XRD peak of 4LiF-NiMn2O4 was observed and those of LiF and NiMn2O4 disappear after the milling of 144 h and more. The discharge capacity of the 4LiF-NiMn2O4 composites changes with the milling time, with the composite prepared by milling for 144 h exhibiting a discharge capacity of 256 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C for voltages of 2.0–4.8 V. With a cut-off voltage of 4.8 V or more, decomposition of the electrolyte proceeds along with the charge process, so the charge-discharge current efficiency deteriorates and the discharge voltage decreases. In the charge-discharge measurement without the capacity limit, although the charge-discharge efficiency was low due to the decomposition of the electrolyte, the high discharge capacity of 310 mA h g−1 was obtained. The XPS data suggests that the Ni2+ ion and Mn3+ ion are oxidized to Ni3+ and Mn4+ ion in charge process up to 4.8 V and are reduced to Ni2+ ion and Mn3+ ion during the discharge process.