batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A general and effective approach was proposed to fabricate a new family of Co-based bimetallic phosphide ultrathin nanosheets (CoM-P-NS, M = Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn) with homogeneous composition and unique porous architecture using ultrathin metal–organic framework nanosheets (MOFNs) as precursors for the first time, which yielded synergistically active sites, mass transport and dynamic modulations for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The optimized samples showed remarkable oxygen evolution activity in alkaline electrolytes, outperforming both the commercial RuO2 and Ir/C benchmarks and ranking the best among all the metal-phosphide electrocatalysts reported to date.
Because of its potential to revolutionize global supply chain management (SCM) systems, ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) was recently the cause of much optimism. Wal-Mart mandated its top 100 suppliers to begin using RFID on 1 January 2005; this day was viewed as a watershed day in the industry. However, that date has come and gone, and the expected rapid industry adoption of RFID has not taken place. This paper explores the existing challenges and obstacles to RFID's quick adoption, the potential resolutions and approaches to the challenges, and the migration strategies to expand the RFID industry.
The precursors of LiFePO4 were prepared by low heating solid-state coordination method using lithium acetate, ammonium dihydric phosphate, ferrous oxalate and citric acid as raw materials. Olivine phase LiFePO4 as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was successfully synthesized by microwave heating in a few minutes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize its structure and morphology. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge–discharge cycling performance were used to characterize its electrochemical properties. The results showed that the grain size of the optimal sample was about 40–50nm, and the as-prepared particles were homogeneous. The nano-sized LiFePO4 obtained has a high electrochemical capacity (125mAhg−1) and stable cycle ability.
A few classes of organic compounds are promising electrode-active materials due to their high power and energy densities, low cost, environmental friendliness, and functionality. In the present work, the possibility of using Klason lignin extracted from buckwheat husks as a cathode-active material for a primary lithium battery has been investigated for the first time. The reaction mechanism in the lithium/lignin electrochemical cell was suggested based on the deep galvanostatic discharge (up to 0.005 V) data and cyclic voltammetry results. The dependence of the electrochemical behavior of the Klason lignin on the milling degree was evaluated. The maximum specific capacity of the lignin is equal to 600 mAh·g−1 at a discharge current density of 75 μA·cm−2. Beneficial effect of the thermal treatment of the Klason lignin cathode at 250 °C on the cell performance was established. It was found that the discharge capacity of the cell increased by 30% in the range from 3.3 to 0.9 V for the treated cathode material. These results demonstrate the prospects of using Klason lignin-based electrochemical cells as low-rate primary power sources.
This work reports the detailed study on the magnetite–reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4–RGO) modified glassy carbon electrode, which could be used for the selective electrochemical detection of Cd2+. The Fe3O4–RGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was applied for the detection of Cd2+. The limit of detection with the Fe3O4–RGO modified electrode toward Cd2+ was calculated as 0.056μM (3σ method). The electrochemical parameters that exert influence on deposition and stripping of metal ions, such as supporting electrolytes, pH values, deposition potential and deposition time, were optimized. Besides, the interference and stability measurements were also evaluated under the optimized parameters. More importantly, selective detection toward Cd2+ was achieved. It is meaningful for electrochemical method to overcome the great challenge of improving the selectivity toward heavy metal ions.
Self-stacked nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on commercial porous polypropylene substrates have been applied as air electrodes for sodium-air batteries (SAB). Both NCNT and CNT air electrodes exhibit highly reversible electrochemical activities and large capacities under low current densities in SABs, while NCNT electrodes show much higher rate performance and extended cycling life under high current densities. The superior electrochemical behavior of NCNT electrodes is attributed to the robust network of aligned NCNTs, which enables rapid oxygen and liquid electrolyte transport while accommodating the volume change originating from discharge product aggregation during cycling. Moreover, uniform coverage of the discharge product has been observed on the NCNT air electrodes, in contrast to the random and discrete dispersion of discharge product on the CNT air electrodes. The unique morphologies and growth mechanism of discharge products on NCNT electrodes are believed to be due to the outstanding catalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped sites in the NCNTs, which play a critical role in the high cycling stability of NCNT air electrodes for SABs.
An aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor consisting of a capacitive manganese oxide (MnO2) positive electrode and a water-stable, protected Li negative electrode in near-neutral aqueous electrolyte (1.0 M Li2SO4, pH = 5.5) is demonstrated. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests were conducted with pouched cells, offering a cell voltage of 4.2 V with maximum specific energy of 753 W h kg−1 based on the positive electrode. The combination of a pseudocapacitive MnO2 positive and a Li negative electrode offers high specific charge and cell voltage, resulting in an aqueous hybrid electrochemical capacitor having exceptionally high specific energy.
Visible spectral absorption studies of an indicator trapped in the microenvironment of polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PANI) films were used to investigate the change in pH accompanying changes in oxidation state of the polymer. An indicator, bromophenol blue was incorporated in the conducting polymer film during the electropolymerization process. In situ UV–vis spectra of these films were recorded in aqueous solution of KCl. The results obtained show that with increasing potential of the film, the pH of the microenvironment decreases both for PPY and PANI. The change in pH is greater in the potential range where the change in electronic conductivity is also greater.
Interest in wide-operating-voltage lithium-ion batteries is thriving because higher energy density can be enabled by employing higher-voltage cathodes and robust, stable electrolyte system. However, the severe solubilization of cobalt occurred at high cut-off voltage leads to rapid capacity degradation and limited lifespan. Here, we show that 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide as electrolyte additive has strong complexation ability to cobalt ions, which can inhibit the direct attack on solid electrolyte interphase films. Through calculation, the additive was proven to possess more negative lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy than well-studied ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, which facilitates the reduction to form a protective film easily. As results, the LiCoO2/graphite pouch cells with 2 wt% additive cycled at 1C between 3.0 and 4.45 V exhibit significantly enhanced performance: the capacity outputs increases from 160.5 mAh g− 1 to 172.2 mAh g− 1 and capacity retention after 200 cycles from 58.1% to 89.4%. Further development of the 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide as an electrolyte additive is a promising step towards high voltage stable electrolyte and high energy density lithium ion battery.
Present wind power is intermittent and cannot be used as the baseload energy source. Concept study of wind power utilizing direct thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage named Wind powered Thermal Energy System (WTES) is conducted. The thermal energy is generated from the rotating energy directly at the top of the tower by the heat generator, which is a kind of simple and light electric brake. The rest of the system is the same as the tower type concentrated solar power (CSP). The cost estimation suggests that the energy cost of WTES is less than that of the conventional wind power, which must be supported by the backup thermal plants and grid enhancement. The light heat generator reduces some issues of wind power such as noise and vibration.
Patients with brain tumors have a high symptom burden and multiple supportive needs. Needs of caregivers are often unattended. This study aims to determine screening-based symptom burden and supportive needs of patients and caregivers with regard to the use of specialized palliative care (SPC).
Oxaliplatin is an important drug in the treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that controls genes encoding cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes through antioxidant-response elements (AREs) in their regulatory regions. Here, we report that oxaliplatin is an activator of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with upregulation of ARE-driven genes and glutathione elevation. An injection of oxaliplatin into mice enhanced the expression of glutathione transferases and antioxidant enzymes in the small and large intestines of wild-type (WT) mice but not Nrf2 −/− mice, indicating that oxaliplatin activates Nrf2 in vivo. Oxaliplatin failed to increase Nrf2 accumulation in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells, which harbor a dysfunctional somatic mutation of KEAP1. However, forced expression of WT mKeap1 restored the ability of oxaliplatin to activate the transcription factor. Cys151 in Keap1 was required for the response stimulated by oxaliplatin. In addition, dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane) platinum, a metabolite of oxaliplatin, was found to have the same effect in activating the ARE-gene battery as its parent drug, whereas another metabolite, oxalate, was ineffective. Moreover, two other platinum derivatives, cisplatin and carboplatin, had no effect on the Keap1/Nrf2 system. Furthermore, activation of Nrf2 by oxaliplatin reduced the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to therapeutic drugs. Conversely, knockdown of Nrf2 by Nrf2 siRNA reduced oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance. Our study showed that oxaliplatin exerts protection against the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs via Nrf2, indicating an important role of Nrf2 in oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Hollow microstructure always exhibits some special properties in the field of electrochemistry. Here, this study reports the rational design and preparation of TiNb2O7 nanofibers with one dimensional hollow structure via co-electrospinning. The as-electrospun TiNb2O7 hollow nanofibers show high intercalation potential, low charge-charge resistance and fast electrochemical kinetics. The electrochemical results exhibit that the TiNb2O7 hollow nanofibers deliver a reversible capacity of 210.1mAhg−1 after 150 cycles at a current rate of 0.4C, and 158.4mAhg−1 after 900 cycles even at a current rate of 10C with an outstanding capacity retention of 80.6%. The excellent electrochemical performance of nanofibers can be related to the unique morphology of hollow structure. Furthermore, the lithium ions storage mechanism of TiNb2O7 hollow nanofibers is also systematically analyzed, which is related to one two-phase coexistence and two solid-solution processes during the whole charge-discharge cycle. In addition, it is also demonstrated by in situ and ex situ observations that TiNb2O7 hollow nanofibers have outstanding structural stability and electrochemical reversibility. Therefore, the TiNb2O7 hollow nanofibers can be applied as an alternative promising electrode material for the next rechargeable lithium ions batteries.
Capacity and voltage degradation is a crucial factor that restricts the commercialization of Li-rich layered cathode materials. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the degradation results from the structural evolution from layered to spinel-like phase, caused by the migration of transition metal (TM) ions. However, the direction and order of TM ions migration is hard to identify. In this study, a surface protective layer (SPL) is discovered for the first time at the outer edge of Li1.14Mn0.48Ni0.19Co0.19O2 nanoplate by the research on the surface condition of nanoplates after charge–discharge cycles. More importantly, by the detailed analysis for the SPL, we further reveal that the formation of SPL is active facet dependent, TM ions migrate toward the active facets, and Ni and Co ions hop more preferentially than Mn ions during the cycling. These discoveries can help to understand the fading mechanism of Li-rich layered cathode materials. In addition, electrochemical test indicates that the SPL greatly delays the corrosion of active surfaces in electrolyte and improves the cycling stability of Li-rich layered cathode materials. This insight provides a new thought for preparing long-life cathodes of high energy Li-ion batteries.
The anode is the compartment for energy storage in Zn-air secondary batteries. In contrast, the cathode has no storage material but catalyzes the conversion of oxygen to hydroxide and vice versa. Because the composition of the anode varies with the state of charge, the potential of the battery reflects the composition of the materials in the anode. H2 evolution, corrosion, and zincate/ZnO formation occur at the anode during battery operation and have a negative effect on battery performance. Consequently, reducing these adverse reactions by manipulating one of the reaction parameters, such as the concentration of OH−, can improve performance. In addition, the influence of KOH concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 8.0M on these reactions is studied. We found that 4.0M KOH is the optimum concentration for both redox reactions (Zn2+/Zn) and suppression of the anode corrosion rate. However, the higher conductivity obtained with 6.0M KOH is appropriate when a faster reaction is needed, including suppression of negative effects. In particular, suppression of ZnO formation is advantageous, decreasing both resistance and H2 evolution in the cell.
Miniature power sources are needed for a variety of applications, including implantable medical devices, remote microsensors and transmitters, “smart” cards, and Internet of things (IoT) systems. Today's rechargeable lithium-ion batteries - with the best performance on the subject of energy density and with a reasonably good power efficiency - dominate the consumer market. Insufficient areal energy density from thin-film planar microbatteries has inspired a search for three-dimensional microbatteries (3DMB) with the use of low cost and efficient micro- and nano-scale materials and techniques. The exclusive capabilities of the 3D-printing technology enable the design of different shapes and high-surface-area structures, which no other manufacturing method can easily do. We present a novel, quasi-solid rechargeable 3D microbattery assembled on a 3D-printed perforated polymer substrate (3DPS) with interconnected channels formed through XYZ planes. Simple and inexpensive electrophoretic-deposition routes are applied for the fabrication of all the thin-film active-material layers of the microbattery. With the advantage of thin films, which conformally follow all the contours of the 3D substrate and are composed of nanosize electrode materials, like modified Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP, Lithium Titanate (LTO), and original polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte, our 3D microbatteries offer high reversible specific capacity and high pulse-power capability.
The phenomenon of hypergraphia, or the tendency toward extensive and, in some cases, compulsive writing, in temporal lobe epilepsy is described in seven patients, in each of whom there was electroencephalographic demonstration of a temporal lobe focus. Unusually detailed and strikingly copious writing was evidenced in each patient. Six patients provided documentation of their extensive writing, which often was concerned with religious or moral issues. A seventh patient claimed to have written extensively, but refused to exhibit his writings. Aggressiveness, religiosity, and changes in sexual behavior in temporal lobe disorders have been described previously. The hypergraphia of temporal lobe epilepsy appears to be part of a specific behavioral syndrome of special interest because of its association with dysfunction at specific anatomic loci.
For (Ti1−x V x )2Ni (x =0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3) ribbons, synthesized by arc-melting and subsequent melt-spinning techniques, an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was present, either in the amorphous matrix or together with the stable Ti2Ni-type phase. With increasing x values, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes increased until reached 271.3mAh/g when x =0.3. The cycling capacity retention rates for these electrodes were approximately 80% after a preliminary test of 30 consecutive cycles of charging and discharging. Ti1.7V0.3Ni alloy electrode displayed the best high-rate discharge ability of 82.7% at the discharge current density of 240mA/g.
The results presented in this paper were obtained with three Al–Sn binary alloys (0.09, 0.2 and 0.4wt.% Sn, respectively) that had been prepared on super pure (99.999%) Al base. The yield of hydrogen evolved during cathodic polarisation of Al–Sn alloys in a 2M NaCl solution was measured volumetrically as a function of current density, temperature and tin content in the alloy. The yield was established to be somewhat below 2 at all current densities and at low temperatures, while with increasing temperature it approached the value of 4. With the increase of tin content in the alloy, the yield of hydrogen decreases, which depends on the degree of hyperactivity that occurs in Al–Sn alloys in the region of high cathodic potentials.
Sixteen controls (age 6-13) and 20 native Italian children with developmental dyslexia (age 7-15) received a test of callosal transfer of tactile information. Among the dyslexic children, 7 had a diagnosis of L-type, 7 of P-type and 6 of M-type dyslexia according to Bakker's classification. Both control children and children with dyslexia made a significantly larger number of errors in the crossed localization condition (implying callosal transfer of tactile information) vs. the uncrossed condition. In the same condition, children with dyslexia made a significantly larger number of errors than controls. In the crossed localization condition L-types and M-types made a significantly larger number of errors than P-types and controls, while there was no significant difference in performance between P-types and controls. These findings are discussed in terms of defective callosal transfer or deficient somatosensory representation in children with L- and M-dyslexia.
Single-ion conductors (SICs) have been prepared by free-radical polymerization of sulfonic acid-containing monomer on high-purity silica surface that was first tailored with unsaturated functionality using a silanation reaction. It was found that steric effects limited polyelectrolyte surface loading even when large amount of silane molecules were grafted by forming a cross-linked structure. The results indicate that large surface area is an important factor to achieve high-surface loading of ionic moieties. Composite electrolytes were prepared by dispersing these SICs in aprotic solvents. The effects of filler content and solvent on ionic conductivity were investigated.
Prevalence studies usually depend on self-report of disease status in survey data or administrative data collections and may over- or under-estimate disease prevalence. The establishment of a linked data collection provided an opportunity to explore the accuracy and completeness of capture of information about diabetes in survey and administrative data collections.
The current study investigated the relationship between drivers’ abilities in various cognitive and psychomotor domains and their driving performance. The goal was to identify test measures that could be used to develop a fitness-for-driving test battery, particularly for older drivers. Licensed drivers over 40 years of age (M =65.56 years, SD =13.02) were recruited from university leisure courses (n =18) and drivers under 40 (M =22.20 years, SD =3.79) were recruited from undergraduate and graduate courses (n =44). Participants were given a battery of standard neuropsychological tests used to assess ability in the domains of cognitive processing speed, psychomotor functioning, visuospatial performance, sustained attention, and executive functioning. Participants’ driving ability was assessed in a simulator with data collected in three categories of driving performance: (a) driver control maintenance behaviors, (b) accidents and violations, and (c) attention and reaction time. Younger participants outperformed older participants in 4 out of the 5 domains of neuropsychological testing (all but sustained attention). Age differences were found in simulator driving accidents and violations and driving performance was significantly correlated with neuropsychological test performance. The results are discussed in terms of the potential to use these tests to assess older drivers seeking license renewal or for selecting professional drivers for the transportation industry.
This paper presents the results of a national survey of drivers in the Republic of Ireland that sought to examine psychological predictors of specific driving behaviours. 1638 respondents attending National Car Testing (NCT) centres nationwide completed a questionnaire battery that included personality, attitudinal, locus of control and social influence measures. The driving behaviours examined were drawn from a Driving Behaviour Scale (Iversen, 2004) and included Speeding and Rule Violation, Reckless Driving, Wearing of Seat Belts, Cautious Driving and Drink Driving. Cross-group comparisons suggested that males engaged in more risky and less cautious driving behaviours than females, and participants under the age of 25 were more risky and less cautious than those 25 years or older. Statistically significant models of each driving outcome emerged. The best model fit was for speeding and rule violation, which was predicted by a model including positive attitudes towards speeding, greater normative influences of friends and higher perceived behavioural control, extraversion and driving anger. These findings offer important insights into the correlates of different driving behaviours and can help inform the work of road safety practitioners.
Consciousness of the need to decrease our unnatural weather changes and of the critical increase in the costs of traditional sources of energy have motivated many nations to provide innovative energy strategies that promulgate renewable energy systems. For example, solar, wind and hydro related energies are renewable energy sources, and they are environmentally friendly with the potential for broad use. All of the load requirement conditions in comparison with single usage can provide more economical and dependable electricity, as well as environmentally friendly sources, by compounding such renewable energy sources using backup units to shape a hybrid scheme. Sizing the hybrid system elements optimally is one of the most important matters in this type of hybrid system, which could sufficiently meet all of the load demands with a minor financial investment. Although a number of studies have been performed on the optimization and sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems, this study presents a full analysis of Artificial Intelligence optimum plans in the literature, making the contribution of penetrating extensively the renewable energy aspects for improving the functioning of the systems economically.