batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
NiRE (RE=Y, Ce, Pr and Sm) crystalline alloys have been characterized by means of microstructural and electrochemical techniques in view of their possible application as electrocatalytic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The microstructure of the electrodes has been investigated by optical and electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic efficiency has been evaluated on the basis of electrochemical data obtained from Tafel curves and a.c. impedance measurements carried out in 1 M NaOH solution at 298 K. The microstructural features play a fundamental role in determining the electrocatalytic activity of the investigated alloys. The overall experimental data indicate that interesting electrocatalytic performances are obtained with Ni94Pr6 and Ni95Ce5 electrodes, which show the highest activities towards the HER.
We report graphene decorated hydrated vanadium oxide nanocomposite as an effective cathode material for long cycle-life Mg storage. Excellent electrochemical performance with specific capacity of 330mAhg−1 at low rate and stable cycling of 200 cycles with 81% capacity retention at 1Ag−1 was reported. Furthermore, the nanocomposite cathode shows a broad working temperature window from −30°C to 55°C with over 200mAhg−1 capacity at 55°C (1.0Ag−1). The charge shielding effect of crystal water in the aerogel enhances the Mg2+ insertion kinetics and the porous structure of aerogel allows easy access of electrolyte into the active material. The cycling performance, rate performance and broad temperature adaptability demonstrate that the graphene decorated vanadium oxide nanowire aerogel is a promising and attractive cathode material for practical Mg batteries.
The electrochemical characteristics of the La0.8Ce0.2Ni2.5Co1.8Mn0.4Al0.3 compound, produced by mechanical alloying, are investigated for hydrogen storage in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries by discharging tests at constant current and by calculating equilibrium pressure of hydrogen from the equilibrium potentials. It is shown that the alloy produced by mechanical alloying, followed by annealing and activation exhibits high specific capacity at the stable potential plateau, even at the high discharge rate (10mAcm−2), and low hydrogen equilibrium pressure. The alloy of such composition gives low capacity loss during cycling, which enables its application for metal hydride battery production.
Objective To determine the characteristics of community-dwelling older adults receiving fall-related rehabilitation. Design Cross-sectional analysis of the fifth round (2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Fall-related rehabilitation utilization was analyzed using weighted multinomial logistic regression with SEs adjusted for the sample design. Setting In-person interviews of a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Participants Medicare beneficiaries from NHATS (N=7062). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcomes Measures Rehabilitation utilization categorized into fall-related rehabilitation, other rehabilitation, or no rehabilitation. Results Fall status (single fall: odds ratio [OR]=2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–5.77; recurrent falls: OR=14.21; 95% CI, 7.45–27.10), fear of falling (OR=3.11; 95% CI, 1.90–5.08), poor Short Physical Performance Battery scores (score 0: OR=6.62; 95% CI, 3.31–13.24; score 1–4: OR=4.65; 95% CI, 2.23–9.68), and hip fracture (OR=3.24; 95% CI, 1.46–7.20) were all associated with receiving fall-related rehabilitation. Lower education level (less than high school diploma compared with 4-y college degree: OR=.21; 95% CI, .11–.40) and Hispanic ethnicity (OR=.37; 95% CI, .15–.87) were associated with not receiving fall-related rehabilitation. Conclusions Hispanic older adults and older adults who are less educated are less likely to receive fall-related rehabilitation. Recurrent fallers followed by those who fell once in the past year were more likely to receive fall-related rehabilitation than are older adults who have not had a fall in the past year.
The effect of adding a non-ionic surfactant to disperse oxide particles on the electrochemical performance of PAni/LiMnNiO4 composites is evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance measurements and constant-current charge/discharge cycling techniques. Three surfactants based on ethoxylated (EO) and propoxylated (PO) lauryl alcohols (3EO/6PO, L306; 4EO/5PO, L405; and 6EO/3PO, L603) were investigated. For comparative purposes, the oxide and polyaniline were prepared by sol–gel and chemical methods and were also investigated for their physical and electrochemical performances. By galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, the PAni/LiMnNiO4 L306 composite showed a better electrochemical performance than each single component and other composites (PAni/LiMnNiO4 L405 and PAni/LiMnNiO4 L603). The electrical conductivity of this composite reached 21.7Scm−1, and an initial discharge capacity of 198mAhg−1 was obtained. After 21 cycles, the retention capacity was 91%. These results indicate a synergistic effect among the materials in the composite. Analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were also used to characterize the composite materials.
Telemetry is an increasingly common tool for studying the ecology of wild fish, with great potential to provide valuable information for management and conservation. For researchers to conduct a robust telemetry study, many essential considerations exist related to selecting the appropriate tag type, fish capture and tagging methods, tracking protocol, data processing and analyses, and interpretation of findings. For telemetry-derived knowledge to be relevant to managers and policy makers, the research approach must consider management information needs for decision-making, while end users require an understanding of telemetry technology (capabilities and limitations), its application to fisheries research and monitoring (study design), and proper interpretation of results and conclusions (considering the potential for biases and proper recognition of associated uncertainties). To help bridge this gap, we provide a set of considerations and a checklist for researchers to guide them in conducting reliable and management-relevant telemetry studies, and for managers to evaluate the reliability and relevance of telemetry studies so as to better integrate findings into management plans. These considerations include implicit assumptions, technical limitations, ethical and biological realities, analytical merits, and the relevance of study findings to decision-making processes.
Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor with restorative effects in a wide variety of rodent and primate models of Parkinson disease, but penetration into brain tissue from either the blood or the cerebro-spinal fluid is limited. Here we delivered GDNF directly into the putamen of five Parkinson patients in a phase 1 safety trial. One catheter needed to be repositioned and there were changes in the magnetic resonance images that disappeared after lowering the concentration of GDNF. After one year, there were no serious clinical side effects, a 39% improvement in the off-medication motor sub-score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and a 61% improvement in the activities of daily living sub-score. Medication-induced dyskinesias were reduced by 64% and were not observed off medication during chronic GDNF delivery. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans of [18F]dopamine uptake showed a significant 28% increase in putamen dopamine storage after 18 months, suggesting a direct effect of GDNF on dopamine function. This study warrants careful examination of GDNF as a treatment for Parkinson disease.
A relationship between zinc (Zn)-deficiency and mood disorders has been suspected. Here we examined for the first time whether experimentally-induced Zn-deficiency in mice would alter depression- and anxiety-related behaviour assessed in established tests and whether these alterations would be sensitive to antidepressant treatment. Mice receiving a Zn-deficient diet (40% of daily requirement) had similar homecage and open field activity compared to normally fed mice, but displayed enhanced depression-like behaviour in both the forced swim and tail suspension tests which was reversed by chronic desipramine treatment. An anxiogenic effect of Zn-deficiency prevented by chronic desipramine and Hypericum perforatum treatment was observed in the novelty suppressed feeding test, but not in other anxiety tests performed. Zn-deficient mice showed exaggerated stress-evoked immediate-early gene expression in the amygdala which was normalised following DMI treatment. Taken together these data support the link between low Zn levels and depression-like behaviour and suggest experimentally-induced Zn deficiency as a putative model of depression in mice.
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a protecting layer formed on the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition, mainly during the first cycle. Battery performance, irreversible charge “loss”, rate capability, cyclability, exfoliation of graphite and safety are highly dependent on the quality of the SEI. Therefore, understanding the actual nature and composition of SEI is of prime interest. If the chemistry of the SEI formation and the manner in which each component affects battery performance are understood, SEI could be tuned to improve battery performance. In this paper key points related to the nature, formation, and features of the SEI formed on carbon negative electrodes are discussed. SEI has been analyzed by various analytical techniques amongst which FTIR and XPS are most widely used. FTIR and XPS data of SEI and its components as published by many research groups are compiled in tables for getting a global picture of what is known about the SEI. This article shall serve as a handy reference as well as a starting point for research related to SEI.
This paper reports the preliminary experimental evaluation of a four wheel motors series hybrid prototype equipped with an internal combustion engine coupled to a generator and an energy recovery system (batteries plus ultracapacitors). The paper analyses global efficiency (energy dissipated to overcome the dissipative forces on energy dissipated in fuel), autonomy in electric configuration, and the efficiency of the regenerative braking system. The tests were carried out in a test cell equipped with a chassis dynamometer. The tests were performed according to the current regulated procedures. A constant speed test was performed in order to evaluate the autonomy of the vehicle in the electric configuration. The results show that the real tank to wheels efficiency is about 30% for HOST as a series hybrid and 79% for HOST as an electric vehicle.
In the past, the electrochemical properties of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, i.e. rate capability at room temperature and cycle performance at elevated temperature, were not satisfactory. In this study, the influence of glycolic acid on the electrochemical properties of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was studied. With some amount of glycolic acid as an additional reactant, spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was synthesized, and its electrochemical properties were improved. In addition, the mechanism of capacity decay at elevated temperature was also studied, which presents constructive view to further improve the electrochemical properties of spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
A model for hydrogen evolution in an all-vanadium redox flow battery is developed, coupling the dynamic conservation equations for charge, mass and momentum with a detailed description of the electrochemical reactions. Bubble formation at the negative electrode is included in the model, taking into account the attendant reduction in the liquid volume and the transfer of momentum between the gas and liquid phases, using a modified multiphase-mixture approach. Numerical simulations are compared to experimental data for different vanadium concentrations and mean linear electrolyte flow rates, demonstrating good agreement. Comparisons to simulations with negligible hydrogen evolution demonstrate the effect of gas evolution on the efficiency of the battery. The effects of reactant concentration, flow rate, applied current density and gas bubble diameter on hydrogen evolution are investigated. Significant variations in the gas volume fraction and the bubble velocity are predicted, depending on the operating conditions.
Li4Ti5O12/tin phase composites are successfully prepared by cellulose-assisted combustion synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 matrix and precipitation of the tin phase. The effect of firing temperature on the particulate morphologies, particle size, specific surface area and electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/tin oxide composites is systematically investigated by SEM, XRD, TG, BET and charge–discharge characterizations. The grain growth of tin phase is suppressed by forming composite with Li4Ti5O12 at a calcination of 500°C, due to the steric effect of Li4Ti5O12 and chemical interaction between Li4Ti5O12 and tin oxide. The experimental results indicate that Li4Ti5O12/tin phase composite fired at 500°C has the best electrochemical performance. A capacity of 224mAhg−1 is maintained after 50 cycles at 100mAg−1 current density, which is still higher than 195mAhg−1 for the pure Li4Ti5O12 after the same charge/discharge cycles. It suggests Li4Ti5O12/tin phase composite may be a potential anode of lithium-ion batteries through optimizing the synthesis process.
Unknown Twenty years is a long time to wait between editions of a book but in this case the wait has been worth it. Both authors will be well known to readers of this journal and not surprisingly have produced a book that is a pleasure to read and substantially different from the first edition. There are two sections to the book. The first contains sixteen chapters dealing with investigations such as microbiology, haematology and so on. The second section consists of problem based chapters such as abnormal head size, the wobbly eyed baby and so on. The consistent theme running through the book is that the child with a neurological problem is better served by seeing a thoughtful, well educated doctor than by undergoing a battery of unselected tests. This is an approach which is widely attempted in the UK and Ireland but not always with the wisdom that Mary King and John Stephenson bring to the discipline. The authors emphasise that this is not a cookbook and as always thought, perception and clinical acumen are needed before deciding what should be looked for. Many of the pages of the book contain clinical nuggets but the chapter on rare treatable disorders is particularly comprehensive. Any doctor with an interest in neurological disorders in childhood should buy this book. Judging by the way copies were flying off the bookstand at the EPNS meeting in Harrogate many of my colleagues agree. Rather than wait to receive my review copy I bought this book myself and no reviewer can say fairer than that. My old edition of this book cost £25 and the current edition is very reasonably priced at £39.95/€48.00. Let's hope we don't have to wait another twenty years for the third edition.
The role of liquid Sn in a direct carbon fuel cell with a Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) cermet anode is investigated in terms of enhancing the solid fuel-to-solid anode interface and intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. Sn-mixed carbon black particles undergo a transformation from solid to liquid phase as the cell temperature rises, thereby leading to the formation of more favorable interface between carbon fuels, liquid Sn, and Ni–YSZ anodes. Moreover, additional Ni-impregnated Sn–carbon fuels show that further improvements in cell performance can be achieved by increasing the oxidation of carbon to CO. As a result, we observe a maximum power density of 60.5 and 105mWcm−2 at 900°C by using Sn–carbon and Ni–Sn–carbon fuels, respectively.
Nanocomposit of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and tin oxide (MWCNTs/SnO2) was used as an anode material in Microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The anode was constructed by coating of the nanocomposits on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The MWCNTs-SnO2/GCE showed the highest electrochemical performance as compared to MWCNT/GCE and bare GCE anodes. MWCNTs-SnO2/GCE, MWCNT/GCE and bare GCE anodes showed maximum power densities of 1421 mWm−2, 699 mW m−2 and 457 mW m−2, respectively. The electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical properties of the MFC have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). High conductivity and large unique surface area extremely enhanced the charge transfer efficiency and the growth of bacterial biofilm on the electrode surface in MFC. Comparison of the power density of the proposed MFC with the other one in the literature showed that the MWCNTs/SnO2 nanocomposit was a desirable anode material for the MFCs.
The low electrical conductivity and slow rate capability of vanadium oxide limit its utilization in high rate energy storage applications. Many studies are trying to overcome these drawbacks, but it remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a simple strategy to produce conducting polymer-intercalated ammonium vanadate nanofiber composites exhibiting high capacitance and high rate capability. The poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-intercalated ammonium vanadate nanofiber composites are produced in a very short time (<4 h) using a sonochemical method. The composite exhibits a high surface area of 85.5 m2 g−1 and excellent electrical conductivity of 4.1 × 10−2 S cm−1. In addition, the lattice distance of the vanadate nanofiber is expanded by insertion of the conducting polymer, which can facilitate transportation of K+ ions into the vanadate nanofibers. These are great benefits for enhancing the specific capacitance and rate capability of the energy storage devices. Therefore, the proposed simple approach can provide a new research direction in the field of high rate energy storage devices.
A variety of lithium ion conducting borosiloxane polymers were prepared in high yield. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was fit well by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation, indicating that ion motion was strongly coupled to segmental motion of oligoether side chains. The borosiloxane electrolytes also exhibited large fractional free volume at the glass transition temperature, which led to enhanced ionic conductivity compared to electrolytes incorporating high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide). The cationic transference number was enhanced due to anion interaction with the Lewis acidic sites on the polymer framework.
Novel thioether compound poly(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrathiol) was synthesized, characterized and tested as cathode active material. The polymer was synthesized by facile one-step procedure and its chemical structure was confirmed by FT-IR, FT-Raman, element analysis, and XPS spectral analysis. The polymer had good electrochemical activity as cathode material for rechargeable lithium battery. It showed stable discharge specific capacity about 300mAhg−1 and discharge voltage above 2V. The thioether bond was deduced as the functional group. It was proposed that thioether bonds were oxidized to form thioether cations with the help of ether solvent, which offered energy storage.
A paradigm change in energy system design tools, energy market, and energy policy is required to attain the target levels in renewable energy integration and in minimizing pollutant emissions in power generation. Integrating non-dispatchable renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy is vital in this context. Distributed generation has been identified as a promising method to integrate Solar PV (SPV) and wind energy into grid in recent literature. Distributed generation using grid-tied electrical hubs, which consist of Internal Combustion Generator (ICG), non-dispatchable energy sources (i.e., wind turbines and SPV panels) and energy storage for providing the electricity demand in Sri Lanka is considered in this study. A novel dispatch strategy is introduced to address the limitations in the existing methods in optimizing grid-integrated electrical hubs considering real time pricing of the electricity grid and curtailments in grid integration. Multi-objective optimization is conducted for the system design considering grid integration level and Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) as objective functions to evaluate the potential of electrical hubs to integrate SPV and wind energy. The sensitivity of grid curtailments, energy market, price of wind turbines and SPV panels on Pareto front is evaluated subsequently. Results from the Pareto analysis demonstrate the potential of electrical hubs to cover more than 60% of the annual electricity demand from SPV and wind energy considering stringent grid curtailments. Such a share from SPV and wind energy is quite significant when compared to direct grid integration of non-dispatchable renewable energy technologies.
An accurate 3D morphological analysis is critically needed to study the process–structure-property relationship in many application fields such as battery electrodes, fuel cells and porous materials for sensing and actuating. Here we present the application of a newly developed full field X-ray nano-scale transmission microscopy (TXM) imaging for a non-destructive, comprehensive 3D morphology analysis of a porous Ni–YSZ solid oxide fuel cell anode. A unique combination of improved 3D resolution and large analyzed volume (∼3600 μm3) yields structural data with excellent statistical accuracy. 3D morphological parameters quantified include phase volume fractions, surface and interfacial area densities, phase size distribution, directional connectivity, tortuosity, and electrochemically active triple phase boundary density. A prediction of electrochemical anode polarization resistance based on this microstructural data yielded good agreement with a measured anode resistance via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Mclachlan model is used to estimate the anode electrical conductivity.
The Pt nanoparticles have been well dispersed on electrospinning-derived carbon fibrous mats (CFMs) by using formaldehyde vapor as reducer to react with H2PtCl6·6H2O adsorbed on the CFMs at 160°C. The prepared electrodes of Pt-CFMs have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and the performance of the electrodes for methanol oxidation has been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, quasi-steady state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrate that Pt-CFMs electrodes exhibit peak current density of 445mAmg−1 Pt, exchange current of 235.7μAcm−2, charge transfer resistance of 16.1Ωcm2 and better stability during the process of methanol oxidation, which are superior to the peak current density of 194mAmg−1 Pt, exchange current of 174.7μAcm−2 and charge transfer resistance of 39.4Ωcm2 obtained for commercial Pt/C supported on CFMs. It indicates that the novel process in which formaldehyde vapor is used as reducer to prepare Pt catalyst with high performance can be developed.