batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Within the framework of the European project bipolar lead–acid power source (BILAPS), a new production route is being developed for the bipolar lead–acid battery. The performance targets are 500Wkg−1, 30Whkg−1 and 100 000 power-assist life cycles (PALCs). The operation voltage of the battery can be, according to the requirements, 12, 36V or any other voltage. Tests with recently developed 4 and 12V prototypes, each of 30Ah capacity have demonstrated that the PALC can be operated using 10C discharge and 9C charge peaks. The tests show no overvoltage or undervoltage problems during three successive test periods of 16h with 8h rest in between. The temperature stabilizes during these tests at 40–45°C using a thermal-management system. The bipolar lead acid battery is operated at an initial 50% state-of-charge. During the tests, the individual cell voltages display only very small differences. Tests are now in progress to improve further the battery-management system, which has been developed at the cell level, during the period no PALCs are run in order to improve the hybrid behaviour of the battery. The successful tests show the feasibility of operating the bipolar lead–acid battery in a hybrid mode. The costs of the system are estimated to be much lower than those for nickel–metal-hydride or Li-ion based high-power systems. An additional advantage of the lead–acid system is that recycling of lead–acid batteries is well established.
A new positive electrode material MgNiSiO4 was synthesized via a molten salt method using potassium chloride flux. XRD patterns showed that MgNiSiO4 has an orthorhombic system with space group Pbnm(62). It gave the best result with discharge capacity 121.1 mAh g−1 in the fifth cycle at 10 mA g−1 current density. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling disclosed that the kinetic properties have important impacts on the electrochemical performance of this material.
Localization in both indoor and outdoor environments is a long-studied problem. Using Smartphone for localization has also gained popularity recently. However, none of the existing solutions consider seamless localization and tracking of individuals in both indoor and outdoor stretches with significant accuracy. In this paper, we propose a human identification, monitoring, and location tracking system, called SmartITS, which continuously tracks MAC ids of user equipment (Smartphones, BLE tags, and Bluetooth devices) and can provide a Google map-based visualization of their trajectories. Our tracker is a portable mobile entity comprising of a Smartphone and an external Wi-Fi adapter which does not require any extra hardware infrastructure to deploy as well as does not need any modification in hardware design at all. Extensive testing with a prototype testbed system in densely populated areas shows that the SmartITS system can seamlessly track user trajectories in indoor and outdoor stretches with a high aggregate location accuracy which is up to 44.49% more accurate than the simple GPS based location tracking system. Our proof-of-concept prototype shows the usability of SmartITS architecture. We also perform several experiments for evaluating the Smartphone’s performance as a scanner and as a sensor tag.
Electric vehicles, equipped with electrochemical batteries, are expected to significantly penetrate the automotive market in the next few years. Though, the recharge time for battery pack and the autonomy range can constitute a limit. An appropriate use of fuel cell technology in electric vehicles can now represent an advantageous choice both from a technical and economic point of view. This paper reports the results of the development of a hybrid electric city bus, performed by the synergy between fuel cell and batteries. A pure electric city bus, equipped with eight Zebra batteries, was acquired and modified in a fuel cell and batteries hybrid vehicle. In the final version the bus was equipped with six batteries and a hydrogen plant with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. In particular an innovative powertrain management, where even the time required for the terminal stops is used to charge the batteries by the fuel cell, is described. Set-up tests on the fuel cell system acquired are presented. Further, tests were conducted also on the battery pack working on board in a real route to demonstrate the capability of the reduced battery pack to drive the vehicle.
Cities are a challenging habitat for obligate nocturnal mammals because of the ubiquitous use of artificial light at night (ALAN). How nocturnal animals move in an urban landscape, particularly in response to ALAN is largely unknown.
The overlap of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been well documented in FTD patients with co-morbid motor neuron degeneration and in ALS patients with frontotemporal dysfunction. Up to 15% of FTD patients and 30% of ALS patients experience the overlap syndrome. The syndrome may be difficult to identify since patients often present either to a neuromuscular clinic or a memory disorder’s center, each which may have limited expertise in the other specialty. Survival is greatly impacted for both disorders in the co-morbid condition, making identification of this syndrome critical. The clinical characteristics of the overlap syndrome with new diagnostic criteria will be discussed along with screening strategies, including the UCSF Screening battery and clinical neurophysiology techniques. Treatable mimics of this disorder will also be described and management techniques. Neuroimaging findings will be summarized, which show that the frontotemporal impairment in ALS patients lies on a continuum. Identification of the overlap syndrome also provides a unique opportunity to study very early signs of FTD and conversely, very early signs of ALS, to gain greater insight into both disorders.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota–derived metabolite that enhances both platelet responsiveness and in vivo thrombosis potential in animal models, and TMAO plasma levels predict incident atherothrombotic event risks in human clinical studies. TMAO is formed by gut microbe–dependent metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA) moiety-containing nutrients, which are abundant in a Western diet. Here, using a mechanism-based inhibitor approach targeting a major microbial TMA-generating enzyme pair, CutC and CutD (CutC/D), we developed inhibitors that are potent, time-dependent, and irreversible and that do not affect commensal viability. In animal models, a single oral dose of a CutC/D inhibitor significantly reduced plasma TMAO levels for up to 3 d and rescued diet-induced enhanced platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation, without observable toxicity or increased bleeding risk. The inhibitor selectively accumulated within intestinal microbes to millimolar levels, a concentration over 1-million-fold higher than needed for a therapeutic effect. These studies reveal that mechanism-based inhibition of gut microbial TMA and TMAO production reduces thrombosis potential, a critical adverse complication in heart disease. They also offer a generalizable approach for the selective nonlethal targeting of gut microbial enzymes linked to host disease limiting systemic exposure of the inhibitor in the host.
Just as a journey of 1000 miles begins with a single step, the deformations and fractures that cause catastrophic failure in materials begin with a few molecules torn out of place. This in turn leads to a cascade of damage at increasingly larger scales, culminating in total mechanical breakdown. That process is of urgent interest to researchers studying how to build high-strength composite materials for critical components ranging from airplane wings and wind-turbine blades to artificial knee joints.
Face individual identity recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual identity recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face identity recognition) occurs in 2–3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties.
Natural graphite powders, type MAG-20, were modified by electroless deposition of copper onto the graphite surface. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the modified graphite showed that almost all the copper covered the edge plane of graphite particles and the copper content increased from 6 to 17 at.% depending upon the plating time. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the copper composition obtained using EDS. TGA carried out under oxygen atmosphere showed that the combustion temperature decreased by 200°C for a copper content from 0 to 16 at.%. Cycling the modified graphite at a C/10 rate showed that the initial large irreversible capacity typically present in untreated natural graphite was significantly reduced when the modified graphite contained 6–17 at.% copper coatings. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) comparison between fully lithiated copper coated MAG-20 with fully lithiated MCMB showed that the major exothermic peak for the MAG-20 modified graphite is lower in magnitude and is shifted to higher temperatures. However, both MAG-20 and MCMB types of lithiated graphite gave the same amount of total heat generation up to 350°C.
The electronic structures of bare and ZrO2-coated Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 electrode systems were investigated using a combination of time-resolved X-ray diffraction and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. The ZrO2 coating on the surface of Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2 was effective in elevating the onset temperature of the dissociation of charged Li0.33(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2, which will enhance the safety of Li-ion cells. Soft XAS spectra of the Ni LII,III-edge in the partial electron yield mode were obtained, which showed that the enhanced electrochemical properties and thermal stability of the cathode materials by ZrO2 coating can be attributed to the suppression of unwanted Ni oxidation state changes at the surface.
D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL (D2C7-IT) is a novel immunotoxin that reacts with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) and mutant EGFRvIII proteins overexpressed in glioblastomas. This study assessed the toxicity of intracerebral administration of D2C7-IT to support an initial Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug application. After the optimization of the formulation and administration, two cohorts (an acute and chronic cohort necropsied on study days 5 and 34) of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (four groups of 5 males and 5 females) were infused with the D2C7-IT formulation at total doses of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.4 μg (the acute cohort) and 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.35 μg (the chronic cohort) for approximately 72 h by intracerebral convection-enhanced delivery using osmotic pumps. Mortality was observed in the 0.40 μg (5/10 rats) and 0.35 μg (4/10 rats) high-dose groups of each cohort. Body weight loss and abnormal behavior were only revealed in the rats treated with high doses of D2C7-IT. No dose-related effects were observed in clinical laboratory tests in either cohort. A gross pathologic examination of systemic tissues from the high-dose and control groups in both cohorts exhibited no dose-related or drug-related pathologic findings. Brain histopathology revealed the frequent occurrence of dose-related encephalomalacia, edema, and demyelination in the high-dose groups of both cohorts. In this study, the maximum tolerated dose of D2C7-IT was determined to be between 0.10 and 0.35 μg, and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was 0.05 μg in SD rats. Both parameters were utilized to design the Phase I/II D2C7-IT clinical trial.
The nanowire and whisker heterostructures of tin dioxide were fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition technique. It was demonstrated that various structures of tin oxide can be obtained by controlling the thickness of gold layer and the partial pressure of source vapor at growing sites. 12.5 and 25 nm thicknesses are preferable for the epitaxial growth of nanowires and heterostructure through vapor–liquid–solid mechanism, respectively. The tin dioxide whiskers with core-shell structure were fabricated by vapor–solid mechanism. Meanwhile, the influences of various factors on the tin dioxide growth are also discussed.
Transition metal sulfides have been treated as promising materials for lithium-ion battery, and recently more and more attention has been paid to its applications in sodium-ion batteries. In our context, three Ni3S2 nanostructures directly grown on Ni foam were successfully designed using a facile hydrothermal method. The influences of the morphology on the performance evolution for sodium-ion batteries were studied in detail. As a result, it was found that the initial drop, gradual increase, convex type decline and concave type decline in the performance evolutions were mainly controlled by R ct, R sf, pulverization, and internal stress, respectively. More importantly, our results indicated that the clustered network-like structure was beneficial for the cycling and rate performance, while the rod-like structure was suitable for the cyclic stability of these electrodes.
Two genome duplications early in the vertebrate lineage expanded gene families, including GluN2 subunits of the NMDA receptor. Diversification between the four mammalian GluN2 proteins occurred primarily at their intracellular C-terminal domains (CTDs). To identify shared ancestral functions and diversified subunit-specific functions, we exchanged the exons encoding the GluN2A (also known as Grin2a) and GluN2B (also known as Grin2b) CTDs in two knock-in mice and analyzed the mice's biochemistry, synaptic physiology, and multiple learned and innate behaviors. The eight behaviors were genetically separated into four groups, including one group comprising three types of learning linked to conserved GluN2A/B regions. In contrast, the remaining five behaviors exhibited subunit-specific regulation. GluN2A/B CTD diversification conferred differential binding to cytoplasmic MAGUK proteins and differential forms of long-term potentiation. These data indicate that vertebrate behavior and synaptic signaling acquired increased complexity from the duplication and diversification of ancestral GluN2 genes.
We have developed a unique Coplanar Energy Transfer (CET) system (Leviticus Cardio) which is a wireless energy transmission system to implantable Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs). Based upon previous successful in vitro testing, we have now tested the system in vivo. The CET system contains 3 parts: - The external gear (rechargeable batteries and an external controller attached to a belt, carrying a transmitter coil) - The implantable internal system ( receiver antenna, a small rechargeable battery, and a miniature controller) - The operator system enables programming and data acquisition using a tablet computer. The CET main features are: 1. Stable transmition and alignment over time despite animal rigorous movements 2. Prolonged internal battery operation The CET system was implanted in 5 pigs: in 3 pigs the Jarvik 2000 VADs were connected to the left ventricle and operated for 2, 9 and 24 hours, and in 2 pigs the HeartMate II LVADs were mounted on the animals’ back with an external mock circulation for up to 1 week. Energy transmission was stable in all animals with no alignment interference (graph 1). While removing all external gear for 6-9 hours at 9000 RPM’s the power starts dropping, however, the LVAD was still operating successfully (Graph 3). Following reconnection the power returns to baseline levels (Graph 2). The fourth graph shows both observed and calculated times of freedom from external gear in different VADs. The latest experiments demonstrated stable energy transfer for up to 1 week until the experiment was terminated. The CET system is reliable and consistent thus providing high safety profile. Patients will not be troubled with malalignment, and enjoy prolonged internal battery operation that allows for more than 6 hours of freedom from external gear.
Distribution of electricity to the rural areas, particularly in regions which have rough topography causes high costs and losses. Hybrid systems can provide electricity at a relatively economic price at these regions. This paper designs and tests a stand-alone hybrid system combining variable speed wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC) and battery. The main objective is to optimize the hydrogen utilization while guaranteeing the load balance implicitly as well as to achieve proper FC operation. To this end, a wind power prediction based controller is proposed in order to take action according to foreseen amount of power deficit or excess in the system. For the purpose of investigating the effects of predictions on the system efficiency, a case study is carried out on a coastal area with a high wind potential in Izmir, Turkey. The results obtained provide insights about the advantages of utilizing wind power predictions in a hybrid system.
Development of efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain key issues for the commercialization of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. In this study, A CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid is facilely synthesized via a two-step process and applied as an electrocatalyst for the ORR and the OER. The as-prepared CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for the ORR. At the same mass loading, the Tafel slope of CoFe2O4/graphene electrocatalyst for the ORR is comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C (20 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72, Johnson Matthey). The ORR on CoFe2O4/graphene mainly favours a direct 4e− reaction pathway. The CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid also affords high catalytic activity for the OER. The chronoamperometric tests show that CoFe2O4/graphene catalyst exhibits excellent stability for both the ORR and the OER, outperforming the commercial Pt/C. The high electrocatalytic activity and durability of CoFe2O4/graphene nanohybrid are attributed to the strong coupling between CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and graphene.
A simple, green, novel, time-efficient, and potentially cost-effective water activation method was employed to enhance the electrochemical activity of graphite felt (GF) electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The GF electrode prepared with a water vapor injection time of 5 min at 700 °C exhibits the highest electrochemical activity for the VO2+/VO2 + couple among all the tested electrodes. This is attributed to the small, controlled amount of water vapor that was introduced producing high contents of oxygen-containing functional groups, such as OH groups, on the surface of the GF fibers, which are known to be electrochemically active sites for vanadium redox reactions. Charge–discharge tests further confirm that only 5 min of GF water activation is required to improve the efficiency of the VRFB cell. The average coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency are 95.06%, 87.42%, and 83.10%, respectively, at a current density of 50 mA cm-2. These voltage and energy efficiencies are determined to be considerably higher than those of VRFB cells assembled using heat-treated GF electrodes without water activation and pristine GF electrodes.
Symmetric micro-supercapacitors with three dimensional (3D) interdigital electrode structures have been designed and fabricated through Carbon-microelectrochemical system (C-MEMS) technology. The micro-supercapacitor consists of a 3D C-MEMS structure which serves as a high effective surface area current collector and conformal polypyrrole (PPy) films deposited on the carbon structures as electroactive materials. The electrochemical performance of single electrodes and symmetric micro-supercapacitor cells were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different scan rates and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The effect of the 3D electrode structure on the performance of the micro-supercapacitor was studied. Single PPy/C-MEMS electrodes presented a specific capacitance of 162.07±12.40mFcm−2 and a specific power of 1.62±0.12mWcm−2 at 20mVs−1 scan rate. The symmetric micro-supercapacitor cells exhibited an average specific capacitance of 78.35±5.67mFcm−2 and a specific power of 0.63±0.04mWcm−2 at 20mVs−1 scan rate, demonstrating that 3D micro-supercapacitors are promising for applications that require high power in a limited footprint area of the device.
To enable sophisticated optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits throughout the nervous system with limited disruption of animal behavior, light-delivery systems beyond fiber optic tethering and large, head-mounted wireless receivers are desirable. We report the development of an easy-to-construct, implantable wireless optogenetic device. Our smallest version (20 mg, 10 mm3) is two orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported wireless optogenetic systems, allowing the entire device to be implanted subcutaneously. With a radio-frequency (RF) power source and controller, this implant produces sufficient light power for optogenetic stimulation with minimal tissue heating (<1 °C). We show how three adaptations of the implant allow for untethered optogenetic control throughout the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve endings) of behaving mice. This technology opens the door for optogenetic experiments in which animals are able to behave naturally with optogenetic manipulation of both central and peripheral targets.
This article has been retracted at the request of the editor. Reason: I was informed that the authors of the article that was to appear on the following pages made unauthorized use of the original thought and writings of: F. den Hond (1996), In search of a useful theory of environmental strategy: A case study on the recycling of end-of-life vehicles from the capabilities perspective, PhD-thesis, Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit (ISBN 90-9009717-1). Consequently, Technovation and Elsevier Science retracted this paper from these pages, and request that reference to this paper in abstract, indexing and citation databases be deleted. George Hayword, editor-in-chief of Technovation
There is urgent action required for replacing LiPF6 as a solute for Li-ion batteries electrolytes. This salt, prone to highly Lewis acidic PF5 release and hydrolysis to HF is responsible for deleterious reaction on carbonate solvents, corrosion of electrode materials leading to safety problems then release to toxic chemicals. A major advantage of LiPF6 is that it passivates aluminium. Most attempts to replace LiPF6 with hydrolytically-stable salts have been unsuccessful because of Al corrosion. We present here two “Hückel” type salts, namely lithium (2-fluoroalkyl-4,5-dicyano-imidazolate); fluoroalkyle=CF3 (TDI), C2F5 (PDI) with high charge delocalization. These thermally stable salts give both appreciably conductive solutions in EC/DMC (>6mScm−1 at 20°C) with a lower decrease with temperature than LiPF6. Non fluorinated lithium (4,5-dicyano-1,2,3-triazolate) is comparatively less than half as conductive. The lithium transference number T + measured by PFG-NMR is also higher. Voltammetry scans with either platinum or aluminium electrodes show an oxidation wall at 4.6V versus Li+:Li°. These two salts are thus the first examples of strictly covalent, non-corroding salts allowing 4+V electrode material operation. This is demonstrated with experimental Li/LiMn2O4 cells as beyond the third cycles, the fade of the three electrolytes were quasi-identical, though LiPF6 had a sharper initial decrease.