batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Background Lurasidone is a new atypical antipsychotic agent with high affinity for D2, 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors. The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of lurasidone and ziprasidone in stable outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Methods Adult outpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that was chronic (≥6months duration) and stable were randomized to 21days of double-blind treatment with a fixed dose of lurasidone 120mg once daily (N=150) or ziprasidone 80mg BID (N=151). Changes from baseline in efficacy measures were evaluated using mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analyses. Results The proportion of patients who discontinued from the study was similar for lurasidone and ziprasidone (32.5% vs. 30.7%); the proportion who discontinued due to adverse events was similar (10.4% vs. 11.1%). Treatment with lurasidone and ziprasidone was associated with a small endpoint reduction in median weight (−0.65kg vs. −0.35kg) and median total cholesterol (−6.4 vs. −4.4mg/dL); no endpoint change was observed in median triglycerides (0.0 vs. 0.0mg/dL). There were no clinically significant changes in other laboratory or ECG parameters. Improvement was observed on an MMRM analysis of the PANSS total score for lurasidone and ziprasidone at Week 1 (−4.1 vs. −1.6; P=0.020), Week 2, (−6.1 vs. −3.6; P=0.074), and Week 3 (−6.3 vs. −4.5; P=0.229). Conclusion In this double-blind, fixed-dose comparison of lurasidone 120mg and ziprasidone 160mg, treatment with lurasidone was well-tolerated and safe, and was not associated with clinically significant changes from baseline in weight, metabolic parameters, or QTc interval. Study limitations include the relatively short trial duration and lack of placebo control.
Electrochemical performances of spinel cathode materials have been evaluated in a broad voltage range of 2.0–4.8 V vs. Li/Li+ via in-situ integrating a layered Li2MnO3 phase for high-voltage and high-capacity lithium ion batteries. Effects of sintering temperatures on manipulating hybrid spinel-layered structures have been systematically studied during the decomposition of nonstoichiometric Li0.65Mn0.59Ni0.12Co0.13Oδ material. The spinel component undergoes a phase transition from an initial Li4Mn5O12-type to a LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4-type spinel structure under high temperatures above 700 °C; meanwhile the content of layered Li2MnO3 component is increased. Li2MnO3-stabilized spinel-layered cathodes can deliver the discharge capacity more than 225 mA h/g at 0.1 C and exhibit outstanding capacity retentions above 90% at 0.5 C (1 C = 250 mA/g) in an extended voltage range between 2.0 and 4.8 V. In addition to clarify significant Li2MnO3 impacts on improving cycling stability of spinel cathode materials, it is noticeable that LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4-based spinel materials can effectively suppress the electrochemical activation of the layered Li2MnO3 up to 4.8 V. This work sheds lights on tailoring hybrid structures and maximizing electrochemical performances of Li2MnO3-based spinel-layered cathode materials for superior lithium ion batteries.
Two types of electrochemical systems for harvesting energy from cyclic changes in environmental temperature using the thermogalvanic effect are demonstrated. Both systems are based on two battery stacks which function in either a dual-temperature or single-temperature configuration. In the dual-temperature configuration, two LiCoO2/Li cells were separately cycled between two temperatures to achieve an energy conversion with an efficiency of 0.22%, free of heat recuperation, and a peak output power of 0.4 μW when cycled between 20 °C and 50 °C. This energy conversion efficiency is comparable to other proposed systems for thermal energy harvesting such as charge-free thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) devices, thermocapacitive devices and ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors. However, this system can function with a broader range of materials, which will likely allow further increases in efficiency and power. A single-temperature configuration in which two stacks of cells were cycled together between two temperatures was also demonstrated. Both systems are attractive for harvesting thermal energy for self-powered sensor networks, especially in remote areas.
The SOC (state-of-charge) of Li-ion (Lithium-ion) battery is an important evaluation index in BMS (battery management system) for EVs (Electric Vehicles) and smart grids. However, the existing special OCV (open circuit voltage) characteristics of LiFePO4 batteries complicate the estimation of SOC. To improve the estimation accuracy and reliability for battery SOC and battery terminal voltage, an online estimation approach for SOC and parameters of a battery based on the IIM (invariant-imbedding-method) algorithm has been proposed. Firstly, by using the IIM algorithm, an online parameter identification method has been established to accurately capture the real-time characteristics of the battery, which include the OCV hysteresis phenomena. Secondly, a dual IIM algorithm is employed to develop a multi-state estimator for SOC of the battery. Note that the parameters of the battery model are updated with the real-time measurements of the battery current and voltage at each sampling interval. Finally, the proposed method has been verified by a LiFePO4 battery cell under different operating current conditions. Experimental results indicate that the estimation value based on the proposed IIM-based estimator converges to real SOC with an error of ± 2 % , and the battery model can simulate OCV hysteresis phenomena robustly with high accuracy.
Pooled salivary gland samples are frequently used to ensure the sufficient amount of material for the experiments; however, this could mask an individual variability. Thus, we compared salivary protein profiles in seven colonies of three Phlebotomus species: Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus perniciosus, and Phlebotomus papatasi. Surprisingly, the individual profiles differed significantly between the colonies as well as between individuals. The highest variability was observed in proteins with molecular masses of 42–46kDa corresponding to the yellow-related proteins. The phenogram constructed from salivary gland profiles revealed the existence of two main groups in P. sergenti, corresponding well with the geographical origin. The F1 progeny obtained from cross-mating studies between P. sergenti colonies of different geographical origin formed a distinct subgroup within the parental groups. In P. papatasi, several groups of protein profiles were observed with no relationship to the geographical origin. The biological role of salivary proteins variability is discussed.
The thermoforming process largely involves reciprocating mechanical motions both in the forming process and in the trimming of formed articles using sharp instruments, which provide many opportunities for accidents. Therefore, it is important to have awareness of safety and safe working conditions. Proper training in handling of thermoforming equipment should be provided to employees of corporations directly involved in thermoforming. In addition, warning signs, built-in-safety measures and recurring hazard evaluations help in mitigating, minimizing and sometimes eliminating the risk of an accident. Major accidents with thermoforming machines are caused primarily by inadequate safeguarding, safeguarding that has been removed and safeguarding that has been overridden. This chapter provides insight on the causes of accidents in the thermoforming industry and different ways to prevent these accidents. In addition, this chapter also covers recycling and its economics, and the environmental impact of scrap.
Powered by renewable energy sources such as solar, marine, geothermal and wind, generation of storable hydrogen fuel through water electrolysis provides a promising path towards energy sustainability. However, state-of-the-art electrolysis requires support from associated processes such as desalination of water sources, further purification of desalinated water, and transportation of water, which often contribute financial and energy costs. One strategy to avoid these operations is to develop electrolysers that are capable of operating with impure water feeds directly. Here we review recent developments in electrode materials/catalysts for water electrolysis using low-grade and saline water, a significantly more abundant resource worldwide compared to potable water. We address the associated challenges in design of electrolysers, and discuss future potential approaches that may yield highly active and selective materials for water electrolysis in the presence of common impurities such as metal ions, chloride and bio-organisms.
Background Converging evidence in schizophrenia points to disruption of the dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Dopamine is produced in the substantia nigra, but few neuroimaging studies have specifically targeted this structure. In fact, no studies of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia have used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring single-voxel MRS measurements at 3T from the substantia nigra and to determine which metabolites could be reliably quantified in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods We used a turbo spin echo sequence with magnetization transfer contrast to visualize the substantia nigra and single-voxel proton MRS to quantify levels of N-acetylaspartate, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and choline in the left substantia nigra of 35 people with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls. Results We obtained spectra from the substantia nigra and quantified neurometabolites in both groups. We found no differences in levels of N-acetylaspartate/creatine, Glx/creatine, or choline/creatine between the groups. We found a significant correlation between Glx/creatine and overall cognitive performance, measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), in controls but not patients, a difference that was statistically significant. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining single-voxel MRS data from the substantia nigra in schizophrenia. Such measurements may prove useful in understanding the biochemistry underlying cellular function in a region implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Exploring advanced anode materials to maximize the capacity of lithium ion batteries has been an active research area for decades. Constructing composites materials has been proved to be one of the most effective methods to achieve higher capacity due to the synergistic effect. In this work, we proposed and demonstrated a concept of solid-solution-like ZnO/C composites to approach the largest possible synergistic effect by introducing the most interfaces and minimizing the pulverization. The solid-solution-like ZnO/C electrode could achieve a high reversible capacity of 813.3mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 after 100 cycles with a decrease rate of only 0.4% per cycle. Moreover, the discharge capacity still maintained 53.5% of the original value even when the current density increased to 40 times as much as the original, showing a distinguished rate performance. In addition, such solid-solution-like nanofibers can be easily prepared because of their compatibility with the existing industrial PAN-based spinning process. This may pave the way to mass produce lithium ion batteries with significantly enhanced performance using existing low-cost commercial facilities and recipes.
Serotonin receptor 7, i.e. 5-HT(7) protein coded by Htr7 gene, was discovered in supra-chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus but is widespread in the forebrain. Studies have shown that this receptor is involved in learning/memory, regulation of mood and circadian rhythms. The modulatory effects of two novel agonists, LP-211 and LP-378, were assessed in male adult CD-1 mice with a battery of behavioral tests. Exp. 1 (Black/White Boxes, BWB: Adriani et al., 2009) and Exp. 2 (Dark/Light, D/L; Novelty-seeking, N-S) show: a) that LP-211 administration (acutely, at a 0.25 mg/kg dose i.p.) increases locomotion and BWB exploration; b) that the time spent away from an aversive, lit chamber (i.e., stress-induced anxiety) and in a new environment (i.e., novelty-induced curiosity) are both reduced. Sub-chronic LP-211 (at a 2.5 mg/kg dose i.p.) reveals a sensitization of locomotor-stimulant properties over 4–5 days. In Exp. 3 (BWB), a three- to four-fold dosage (acutely, at 0.83 mg/kg i.p.) is needed with LP-378 to increase locomotion and BWB exploration. In Exp. 4, mice under constant-light conditions reveal the expected spontaneous lengthening (1.5 h per day) of circadian rhythms. A significant phase advance is induced by LP-211 (at a 0.25 mg/kg dose i.p., administered around activity offset), with onset of activity taking place 6 h earlier than in controls. In summary, LP-211 is able to act consistently onto exploratory motivation, anxiety-related profiles, and spontaneous circadian rhythm. In the next future, agonist modulation of 5-HT(7) receptors might turn out to be beneficial for sleep and/or anxiety disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder’.
A new in operando spectro-electrochemical Li-S cell has been demonstrated. The novel design allows investigations of the liquid electrolyte phase, in a commercial coin cell geometry, at C rates much higher than conventional in situ cells. We use ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, coupled with a previously developed polysulfide diagnostic to quantify the evolution of lithium polysulfides during the discharge and charge cycles of a Li-S cell. The trends observed in the polysulfide order and concentration with respect to state of charge are consistent with prevailing understanding of the electrochemical mechanisms of Li-S battery operation. During discharge, we observe the reduction of elemental sulfur to dissolved Li 2 S 8 polysulfides, and their cascading conversion to smaller polysulfides until insoluble species ( Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S ) are formed. During cell charging, we observe the oxidation of insoluble polysulfides to larger, soluble polysulfides ( Li 2 S n , n > 3 ), and infer an eventual recovery of crystalline sulfur, from changes in polysulfides. Long-term evolution of polysulfides is observed over 7 discharge/charge cycles. Capacity fading is evident in the decay of polysulfide order and concentration at the same state of charge between cycles. Sulfur is not recovered by charging the cell in the latter cycles, and the active material is lost as solid Li 2 S .
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular regulatory process that inhibits gene expression by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational mechanisms. Synthetic approaches that emulate this process (small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA)) have been shown to be similarly effective in this regard. We developed a novel ‘bifunctional’ RNAi strategy, which further optimizes target gene knockdown outcome. A bifunctional construct (bi-sh-STMN1) was generated against Stathmin1, a critical tubulin modulator that is overexpressed in human cancers. The bifunctional construct is postulated to concurrently repress the translation of the target mRNA (cleavage-independent, mRNA sequestration and degradation) and degrade (through RNase H-like cleavage) post-transcriptional mRNA through cleavage-dependent activities. Bi-sh-STMN1 showed enhanced potency and durability in parallel comparisons with conventional shRNA and siRNAs targeting the same sequence. Enhanced STMN1 protein knockdown by bi-sh-STMN1 was accompanied by target site cleavage at the mRNA level showed by the rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE) assay. Bi-sh-STMN1 also showed knockdown kinetics at the mRNA level consistent with its multieffector silencing mechanisms. The bifunctional shRNA is a highly effective and advantageous approach mediating RNAi at concentrations significantly lower than conventional shRNA or siRNA. These results support further evaluations.
Understanding the structure and formation dynamics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode/electrolyte interface is of great importance for lithium ion batteries, as the properties of the SEI remarkably affect the performances of lithium ion batteries such as power capabilities, cycling life, and safety issues. Herein, we report an in situ electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (ECSTM) study of the surface morphology changes of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) anode during initial lithium uptake in 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in the solvents of ethylene carbonate plus dimethyl carbonate. The exfoliation of the graphite originating from the step edge occurs when the potential is more negative than 1.5 V vs. Li+/Li. Within the range from 0.8 to 0.7 V vs. Li+/Li, the growth of clusters on the step edge, the decoration of the terrace with small island-like clusters, and the exfoliation of graphite layers take place on the surface simultaneously. The surface morphology change in the initial lithium uptake process can be recovered when the potential is switched back to 2.0 V. Control experiments indicate that the surface morphology change can be attributed to the electrochemical reduction of solvent molecules. The findings may lead to a better understanding of SEI formation on graphite anodes, optimized electrolyte systems for it, as well as the use of in situ ECSTM for interface studies in lithium ion batteries.
In this study, a V-doped Li4Ti5O12/C (LTO/C) anode material is prepared using a solid-state method. Furan resin and vanadium are employed to metal dope and carbon coat LTO, respectively. To prepare LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C (LFMP/C) cathode materials, a ball-milling method is used to induce a solid-state reaction by using polystyrene and citric acid as a carbon source and complexing agent, respectively. The characteristic properties of the samples are examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the AC impedance and galvanostatic charge–discharge methods. Finally, an LTO/LFMP full cell is constructed and examined. The full cell exhibited discharge capacities of 161, 152, 141, 123, 111, and 84 mAh g−1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10C, respectively, showing that both the Li4Ti4.95V0.05O12/C anode and LFMP/C cathode are potential candidates for application in high-power Li-ion batteries.
Hydrogen titanium oxide, H2Ti12O25 is prepared by soft chemical method. A fabricated asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor using an AlPO4 modified H2Ti12O25 anode shows electrochemical performance superior to a Li4Ti5O12 anode, including cycling performance. The anode comprised of H2Ti12O25 coated with 3 wt.% AlPO4 shows the energy and power density of 41.1 Wh kg−1, 194.1 W kg−1, respectively, at a current rate of 0.1 A g−1 as well as the highest cycling performance, with 94.1% specific capacitance retained after 1000 cycles at a current rate of 3.0 A g−1. These excellent results are convincing evidence that H2Ti12O25 should be regarded as one of the more promising anode materials.
This paper describes the investigation of the methylene blue electropolymerization as well as changes in the optical properties of these films on a gold sensor disk, monitoring in situ and in real time by using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Initially, the effects of the methylene blue (MB) concentration were investigated by using the changes in the surface plasmon resonance angle in order to verify the better concentration to be used without promoting the leuco-MB film formation at electrode–solution interface. The methylene blue was electropolymerized and the first derivative of the surface plasmon resonance angle obtained during the MB polymerization showed that the ESPR technique presents a high sensitivity comparable to the cyclic voltammetric experiments. Finally, the effects of the film thickness and supporting electrolyte were verified by ESPR. In this sense, this paper describes the possibility of the optical properties control as well as uptake and release of anionic species in ultrathin poly(methylene blue) films considering the size of these films on their properties.
Porous MoO3 films are obtained by electrodepositing on Ni substrates. The galvanostatic charge/discharge tests show that, the film cathodes have a reversible capacity of 190mAhg−1 at a current density of 30mAg−1 between the voltage limits of 1.5–3.5V vs. Li+/Li, a much better performance than the pristine MoO3 powder. More than 75% capacitive contribution in the capacity of porous MoO3 films is responsible for the high capacity, according to the cyclic voltammetry analysis. Another improved property of the porous MoO3 films is the rate performance, which still retains 70 mAhg−1 at a current density of 1.25Ag−1. The chronopotentiometry results reveal that, the prominent rate performances are owing to the high rate ability of the capacitive contribution.
Investigating the effect of synthetic conditions on the properties of conducting polymers (CPs) is a prerequisite to the success of using these materials in new technologies. In this study, films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were electrosynthesized over a range of potentials to determine the effect that polymerization potential has on the properties of PEDOT[ABTS] films. It was found that increasing the polymerization potential from 1.2V to 1.8V prevented electrocrystallization of the ABTS dopant, which resulted in better quality films with respect to adhesion, interconnected morphology, electroactivity and conductivity. This study demonstrates the important role that dopants and polymerization conditions have on the properties of electrosynthesized CPs, especially when dopants with added functionality (i.e., redox, biological, or catalytic activity) are used.
The performance and life cycle of Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) application is considered in this paper. Cyclic test and thermal accelerated aging test is performed to analyze the aging mechanism resulting in gradual loss of performance and finally to battery's end of service life. The objective of this study is to confirm design concepts, find the life characteristic and develop standard information on failure rates and mechanisms. Reliability assessment of the SLA is evaluated using different parametric distribution analysis models and best fit distribution is selected based on Anderson–Darling adjustment value. Shape parameter (β), scale parameter (α) and threshold parameter (λ) of the selected Weibull distribution is computed from experimental cycle life test data. Thermally accelerated aging test of SLA is performed and analyzed. Failure times are extrapolated to predict the lifetimes at the desired operational field temperature.