batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Low temperature charging of Li-ion batteries threatens undesired deposition of lithium dendrites which are often blamed for catastrophic, thermal runaway failures. This work identifies three distinct degradation modes experienced by 0 °C operated 18650 Li-ion batteries, revealing safety and performance risks beyond lithium plating. Two equivalently rated (2.6Ah) commercial cells from different vendors, one possessing a mandrel and one lacking, were cycled at 0 °C. Through a combination of techniques, it is identified that the first degradation mode is dominated by cell polarization at low temperature, causing lower coulombic efficiency and undesired side reactions. Next, mechanical deformation or jellyroll collapse occurs, followed by accelerated metal plating. However, in the mandrel-containing cell, physical constraint of the electrodes prevents both the deformation and metal plating modes. These degradation modes, difficult to isolate with electrochemistry alone, were diagnosed with non-destructive micro X-ray computed tomography and destructive physical analysis and confirmed with differential capacity assessment. The implication of the physical conditions induced by 0 °C operation on cell safety was assessed with accelerated rate calorimetry. Our observations emphasize the presence of thermo-mechano-electrochemical interplay in commercial cells operated in extreme conditions and assesses the safety implications of their coupling.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been postulated to associate with dopaminergic dysfunction, including the dopamine transporter (DAT1). Several meta-analyses showed small but significant association between the 10-repeat allele in the DAT1 gene in 3′-untranslated region variant number tandem repeat polymorphism and child and adolescent ADHD, whereas in adult ADHD the 9-repeat allele was suggested to confer as risk allele. Interestingly, recent evidence indicated that the long-allele variants (10 repeats and longer) might confer to lower expression of the transporter in comparison to the short-allele. Therefore, we assessed here the association in samples consisting of families with child and adolescent ADHD as well as a case–control sample, using either the 10- versus 9-repeat or the long- versus short-allele approach. Following, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including family and case–control studies, using the two aforementioned approaches as well as stratifying to age and ethnicity. The first approach (10-repeat) resulted in nominal significant association in child and adolescent ADHD (OR 1.1050 p = 0.0128), that became significant stratifying to European population (OR 1.1301 p = 0.0085). The second approach (long-allele) resulted in significant association with the whole ADHD population (OR 1.1046 p = 0.0048), followed by significant association for child and adolescent ADHD (OR 1.1602 p = 0.0006) and in Caucasian and in European child and adolescent ADHD (OR 1.1310 p = 0.0114; OR 1.1661 p = 0.0061; respectively). We were not able to confirm the association reported in adults using both approaches. In conclusion, we found further indication for a possible DAT1 gene involvement; however, further studies should be conducted with stringent phenotyping to reduce heterogeneity, a limitation observed in most included studies.
To increase the volumetric discharge capacity of negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries, a new intermetallic compound including rare earth element, CeSn3, was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), and the performance of the electrode was investigated. The CeSn3 electrode was found to have a volumetric discharge capacity of over 2000mAhcm−3 based on the theoretical volume of CeSn3, which is three times larger than that of graphite electrode. The electrochemical reaction of the CeSn3 electrode with Li may not obey the well-known mechanism of Li x Sn formation in the other tin-based electrodes because of lower potential plateaus in comparison with those of pure tin electrode. Although the CeSn3 electrode exhibited very poor cycle life, performance could be improved significantly if the CeSn3 was reacted with lithium using MA in advance. The resulting Li3.8CeSn3 electrode showed an excellent performance not only on the cyclability, but also on the reversibility at the first cycle.
Providing support for ageing and frail populations to extend their personal autonomy is desirable for their well-being as it is for the society at large, since it can ease the economic and social challenges caused by ever-ageing developed societies. Ambient-assisted living (AAL) technologies and services might be a solution to address those challenges. Recent improved capabilities in both ambient and wearable technologies, especially those related with video and lifelogging data, and huge advances in the accuracy of intelligent systems for AAL are leading to more valuable and trustworthy services for older people and their caregivers. These advances have been particularly relevant in the last years due to the appearance of RGB-D devices and the development of deep learning systems. This article reviews these latest developments in the intersection of AAL, intelligent systems, lifelogging, and computer vision. This paper provides a study of previous reviews in these fields, and later analyses newer intelligent techniques employed with different video-based lifelogging technologies in order to offer lifelogging services for AAL. Additionally, privacy and ethical issues associated with these technologies are discussed. This review aims at facilitating the understanding of the multiple fields involved.
Li-ion batteries with high-energy and high-power density are pursued to apply in the electronic vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. In this work, layered Li-rich transition-metal oxide cathode Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 nanoplates with enhanced growth of {010} planes (LNMO-NP) is successfully synthesized through a facile and versatile strategy. Ethylene glycol plays an important role in the formation of LNMO-NP nanoplates with {010} electrochemically active surface planes exposure. As cathode for Li-ion batteries, LNMO-NP demonstrates a high specific discharge capacity of 270.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 300 mA g−1) and an excellent rate capability. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the nanoplates with the growth of {010} electrochemically active planes which is in favor of Li+ intercalation/deintercalation.
Transition metal dichalcogenide is a promising candidate for platinum-free electrocatalysts in renewable energy applications. In this work, we developed an aerosol processing method for facile and green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/tungsten disulfide (WS2)/tungsten trioxide (WO3) ternary nanohybrids. The resulting material has a spherical structure constructed by crumpled graphene and WS2/WO3 nanorods. The crumpled graphene/WS2/WO3 (CGTH) catalyst showed a superior electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with a Tafel slope of 37 mV/dec and an onset potential of 96 mV. Compared with reported MoS2/WS2-based electrocatalysts, this hybrid material shows one of the highest catalytic activities in HER. The environmentally-friendly synthesis and outstanding performance suggest a great potential of CGTH as noble metal-free electrocatalysts in water splitting.
Distributed and on-site energy generation and distribution systems employing renewable energy sources and energy storage devices (referred to as microgrids) have been proposed as a new design approach to meet our energy needs more reliably and with lower carbon footprint. Management of such a system is a multi-scale decision-making problem encompassing hourly dispatch, daily unit commitment (UC), and yearly sizing for which efficient formulations and solution algorithms are lacking thus far. Its dynamic nature and high uncertainty are additional factors in limiting efficient and reliable operation. In this study, two-stage stochastic programming (2SSP) for day-ahead UC and dispatch decisions is combined with a Markov decision process (MDP) evolving at a daily timescale. The one-day operation model is integrated with the MDP by using the value of a state of commitment and battery at the end of a day to ensure longer term implications of the decisions within the day are considered. In the MDP formulation, capturing daily evolving exogenous information, the value function is recursively approximated with sampled observations estimated from the daily 2SSP model. With this value function capturing all future operating costs, optimal sizing of the wind farm and battery devices is determined based on a surrogate function optimization. Meanwhile, a multi-scale wind model consistent from seasonal to hourly is developed for the connection of the decision hierarchy across the scales. The results of the proposed integrated approach are compared to those of the daily independent 2SSP model through a case study and real wind data.
Hierarchical CuCo2O4 microflowers (CCFs) self-assembled by thin and porous nanosheets were synthesized by a simple solvothermal reaction followed by a low-temperature calcination. The porous nanosheets not only shorten the Li-ion diffusion distances and tolerate the volume variation upon cycling, but also enhance the transportation of oxygen and Li+ ions, and have abundance of active sites on the surface. Thus, it has been explored as the superior anode material in Li-ion batteries and as the cathode catalyst in Li-O2 batteries. Both of applications exhibit the remarkable electrochemical properties. In lithium ion batteries, CuCo2O4 micro-flowers deliver a specific lithium storage capacity of 871mAhg−1, after 300 cycles at 100mAg−1. Even at a high rate of 1Ag−1, the reversible capacity of the CuCo2O4 microflowers still remains at 612mAhg−1 after 500 cycles. In Li-O2 batteries, CuCo2O4 microflowers as the cathode catalyst last 120 cycles, much longer than highly aggregated CuCo2O4 and pure carbon.
Plastic particles have been described in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. An increasing number of studies have tried to evaluate the toxic impacts of microplastics (1–5000 µm) but also nanoplastics (<1 µm) in marine and freshwater organisms. However, the wide variety of plastic particles characteristics such as various sizes, shapes, functionalization or types of polymer, makes it difficult to evaluate their impact with regular ecotoxicity testing. In this context, cell culture, mainly used in human toxicology, could be a promising tool to evaluate micro- and nanoplastics toxicity with a wide diversity of conditions allowing to generate a large set of data. This review presents the current research on micro and nanoplastics using cell culture of marine and freshwater organisms, describes the limitations of cell culture tool and defines whether this tool can be considered as a relevant alternative strategy for ecotoxic evaluation of micro and nanoplastics especially for future regulatory needs. Articles using specifically cell culture tool from aquatic organisms such as fish or bivalves were identified. The majority evaluated the toxicity of polystyrene nanobeads on immune parameters, oxidative stress or DNA damage in fish cells. Although most of the papers characterized nanoplastic particles into the cell culture media, the relevance of testing conditions is not always clear. The development of cell culture can offer many opportunities for the evaluation of plastic particles’ cellular impacts, but more research is needed to develop relevant culture models, on various aquatic organisms, and with consideration of abiotic parameters especially composition of cell culture media for nanoplastic evaluation.
The sodium–nickel chloride (ZEBRA) battery is operated at relatively high temperature (250–350 °C) to achieve adequate electrochemical performance. Reducing the operating temperature in the range of 150200 °C can not only lead to enhanced cycle life by suppressing temperature-related degradations, but also allow the use of lower cost materials for construction. To achieve adequate electrochemical performance at lower operating temperatures, reduction in ohmic losses is required, including the reduced ohmic resistance of β″-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) and the incorporation of low melting point secondary electrolytes. In present work, planar-type Na/NiCl2 cells with a thin BASE (600 μm) and low melting point secondary electrolyte were evaluated at reduced temperatures. Molten salts used as secondary electrolytes were fabricated by the partial replacement of NaCl in the standard secondary electrolyte (NaAlCl4) with other lower melting point alkali metal salts such as NaBr, LiCl, and LiBr. Electrochemical characterization of these ternary molten salts demonstrated improved ionic conductivity and sufficient electrochemical window at reduced temperatures. Furthermore, Na/NiCl2 cells with 50 mol% NaBr-containing secondary electrolyte exhibited reduced polarizations at 175 °C compared to the cell with the standard NaAlCl4 catholyte. The cells also exhibited stable cycling performance even at 150 °C.
The performance of high-energy battery cells utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) is greatly improved by adequate temperature control. An efficient thermal management system is also desirable to avoid diverting excessive power from the primary vehicle functions. In a battery cell stack, cooling can be provided by including cooling plates: thin metal fabrications which include one or more internal channels through which a coolant is pumped. Heat is conducted from the battery cells into the cooling plate, and transported away by the coolant. The operating characteristics of the cooling plate are determined in part by the geometry of the channel; its route, width, length, etc. In this study, a serpentine-channel cooling plate is modeled parametrically and its characteristics assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Objective functions of pressure drop, average temperature, and temperature uniformity are defined and numerical optimization is carried out by allowing the channel width and position to vary. The optimization results indicate that a single design can satisfy both pressure and average temperature objectives, but at the expense of temperature uniformity.
GPS telemetry has revolutionized the study of animal spatial ecology in the last two decades. Until recently, it has mainly been deployed on large mammals and birds, but the technology is rapidly becoming miniaturized, and applications in diverse taxa are becoming possible. Large constricting snakes are top predators in their ecosystems, and accordingly they are often a management priority, whether their populations are threatened or invasive. Fine-scale GPS tracking datasets could greatly improve our ability to understand and manage these snakes, but the ability of this new technology to deliver high-quality data in this system is unproven. In order to evaluate GPS technology in large constrictors, we GPS-tagged 13 Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in Everglades National Park and deployed an additional 7 GPS tags on stationary platforms to evaluate habitat-driven biases in GPS locations. Both python and test platform GPS tags were programmed to attempt a GPS fix every 90 min.
Highly flexible LiMn2O4/carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes are developed and used as a high power cathode for the Rechargeable Hybrid Aqueous Battery (ReHAB). LiMn2O4 particles are entangled into CNT networks, forming a self-supported free-standing hybrid films. Such hybrid films can be used as electrodes of ARLB without using any additional binders. The binder-free LiMn2O4/CNT electrode exhibits good mechanical properties, high conductivity, and effective charge transport. High-rate capability and high cycling stability are obtained. Typically, the LiMn2O4/CNT electrode achieves a discharge capacity of 72 mAh g−1 at the large-current of 20 C (1 C = 120 mAh g−1), and exhibits good cycling performance and high reversibility: Coulombic efficiency of almost 100% over 300 charge-discharge cycles at 4 C. By reducing the weight, and improving the large-current rate capability simultaneously, the LiMn2O4/CNT electrode can highly enhance the energy/power density of ARLB and hold potential to be used in ultrathin, lightweight electronic devices.
Ambient temperature ionic liquids composed of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) as an anion and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI) or N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium (P-13) as a cation have the following desirable physicochemical properties, particularly for a battery electrolyte: a high ionic conductivity, low viscosity, and a low melting point. While an irreversible cationic intercalation into graphene interlayers at ca. 0.5V versus Li/Li+ has been a significant and common problem with usual ionic liquids, we found that ionic liquids containing FSI with the Li cation can prevent such an irreversible reaction and provide reversible Li intercalation into graphene interlayers. Our experimental results found the reversible capacity of a graphite negative electrode, in a half-cell with EMI-FSI containing the Li cation as an electrolyte, to be a stable value of approximately 360mAhg−1 during 30 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 0.2C, The present paper may be the first report that a “pure” ionic liquid can provide a stable, reversible capacity for a graphitized negative electrode at an ambient temperature without any additives or solvents when an appropriate counter anion, e.g., FSI, is selected.
The current study examined competing predictions of the working memory and behavioral inhibition models of ADHD. Behavioral inhibition was measured using a conventional stop-signal task, and central executive, phonological, and visuospatial working memory components (Baddeley 2007) were assessed in 14 children with ADHD and 13 typically developing (TD) children. Bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that the visuospatial working memory system and central executive both mediated the relationship between group membership (ADHD, TD) and stop-signal task performance. Conversely, stop-signal task performance mediated the relationship between group membership and central executive processes, but was unable to account for the phonological and visuospatial storage/rehearsal deficits consistently found in children with ADHD. Comparison of effect size estimates for both models suggested that working memory deficits may underlie impaired stop-signal task performance in children with ADHD. The current findings therefore challenge existing models of ADHD that describe behavioral inhibition as a core deficit of the disorder.
It has been proposed that prostaglandin (PG)E2 production via a process catalyzed by the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and activation of specific PGE2 receptor subtypes within the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (AH/POA) is the last step and unique pathway in the induction of a fever. However, many data support the existence of a PG-independent pathway. That is, other more rapid mechanisms, which involve the constitutive COX-1 isozyme, may be more critical for a PG-dependent fever. Thus, we examined the role of both COX isoforms in the AH/POA in fevers induced by macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, a PG-independent pyrogen, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted), a PG-dependent pyrogen. In freely moving rats, two independent polyclonal antibodies were used which neutralize COX-1 and COX-2. The microinjection of either MIP-1β or RANTES into the pyrogen-sensitive region of the AH/POA induced an intense fever of rapid onset. Peripheral pretreatment with an antipyretic dose of dexamethasone which prevents COX-2 expression, or the microinjections into the AH/POA of either anti-COX-1 or anti-COX-2, blocked the febrile response induced by RANTES but not that induced by MIP-1β. These results provide strong evidence for the existence of rapid mechanisms in the AH/POA which involve both COX isozymes during the fever induced by RANTES, and further support the existence of an alternative PG-independent pathway in the febrile response.
In this study, polydopamine (PDA) coated electrospun poly(vinyldiene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibrous membranes used as separator for lithium-ion batteries are successfully prepared. Their morphology, chemical and electrochemical characterization are investigated. The morphology and porosity measurements of the membranes show that the PDA coating does not harm to the structure of the electrospun PVDF nanofibrous membranes. Due to the PDA coating, it makes the PVDF surface hydrophilic and thus increases the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity, resulting in the enhanced performance of batteries. The battery using the PDA coated PVDF nanofibrous separator exhibits better cycling performance and higher power capability than that the battery using the bare PVDF nanofibrous separator. This study underlines that the PDA-coating treatment provides a promising process for the fabrication of advanced electrospun nanofibers separator in the lithium-ion battery applications.
Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is enhanced with the help of metal oxides which in turn paves the way toward functionality of CNTs for many applications based on their electronic properties. Accordingly, density functional theory at B3LYP/3-21g** is utilized to model the decoration of CNTs and TiO2. 7 molecules of TiO2 are interacted with the CNT surface as adsorb state and complex. As a result of this decoration, a change in the Mulliken atomic charges of a carbon atom which is interacted with the metal is recorded, changing both the total dipole moment and HOMO/LUMO bandgap energy. The molecular electrostatic potential is localized toward the left side for the adsorb state then up and down for the complex state, which enhances the probability of forming hydrogen bonding with the surrounding. The change in the physical parameters of the surface promotes the decorated CNTs for many applications. For verification, CNTs is prepared with homemade CVD then decorated with TiO2. XRD, TEM, and TGA confirmed that TiO2 is located on the surface. Finally, the FTIR spectrum indicated that the studied model is suitable for the investigated system regarding both accuracy and computational time.
Influence of mixing carbonate-modified siloxanes into LiPF6-ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) (mixing volume ratio=3:7) mixed solvent electrolytes on charge–discharge cycling properties of lithium was examined. As the solute, 1M (M: molL−1) LiPF6 was used. As siloxanes, 4-(2-trimethylsilyloxydimethylsilylethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4-(2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilylethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one were investigated. These siloxanes are derivatives of butylene cyclic carbonate or vinyl ethylene carbonate. Charge–discharge cycling efficiencies of lithium metal anodes improved and an impedance of anode/electrolyte interface decreased by mixing siloxanes, compared with those in 1M LiPF6-EC/MEC alone. Slightly better cycling behavior of natural graphite anode was obtained by adding siloxanes. Si–C/LiCoO2 cells exhibited better anode utilization and good cycling performance by using 1M LiPF6-EC/MEC+siloxane electrolytes. Thermal behavior of electrolyte solutions toward graphite–lithium anodes was evaluated with a differential scanning calorimeter. By adding siloxanes, temperature starting the large heat-output of graphite–lithium anodes with 1M LiPF6-EC/MEC electrolyte solutions shifted to higher temperature about 100°C. However, amount of heat-output did not decrease by adding siloxanes.