batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The aim of the present study is to establish whether in mice the effects of an early experience in the Morris water maze are maintained after a long period. A longitudinal study was performed in which mice of two different strains (NMRI and C57) received spatial training at 2 months of age and their performance was re-evaluated 8 and 16 months later. In both strains, results showed a beneficial effect of prior experience on this spatial memory task even 8 months after the initial training. At 18 months of age, performance of C57 mice that were trained at 2 months of age for the first time was similar to those who received their first training at 10 months of age. These findings suggest that the beneficial effect of previous training could be limited by time. In addition, water maze performance of 18 month-old C57 mice did not differ from their earlier performance when they were 10 months of age, which would indicate that experience in this task could prevent some of the age-related spatial learning deficits observed in mice.
A one-step co-precipitation process with ethylene glycol in aqueous solution was carried out to provide a convenient and economic route for the synthesis of nanoscale LiFePO4/C composites with uniform carbon coating and excellent electrochemical performance. It can be easily scaled up for commercialization.
This paper aims to show the use of the response surface methodology (RSM) in size optimization of an autonomous PV/wind integrated hybrid energy system with battery storage. RSM is a collection of statistical and mathematical methods which relies on optimization of response surface with design parameters. In this study, the response surface, output performance measure, is the hybrid system cost, and the design parameters are the PV size, wind turbine rotor swept area and the battery capacity. The case study is realized in ARENA 10.0, a commercial simulation software, for satisfaction of electricity consumption of the global system for mobile communications (GSM) base station at Izmir Institute of Technology Campus Area, Urla, Turkey. As a result, the optimum PV area, wind turbine rotor swept area, and battery capacity are obtained to be 3.95m2, 29.4m2, 31.92kWh, respectively. These results led to $37,033.9 hybrid energy system cost, including auxiliary energy cost. The optimum result obtained by RSM is confirmed using loss of load probability (LLP) and autonomy analysis.
In this work, the direct electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrates using nickel hydroxide modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes in alkaline medium is demonstrated; suggesting the feasibility of using carbohydrates as a novel fuel in alkaline fuel cells applications. The chosen monosaccharides are namely glucose and fructose; disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose; and sugar acid like ascorbic acid for this study. ITO electrodes are chemically modified using a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase template electrodeposition of nickel. Structural morphology, growth, orientation and electrochemical behaviour of Ni deposits are characterized using SEM, XRD, XPS and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. Further electrochemical potential cycling process in alkaline medium is employed to convert these Ni deposits into corresponding nickel hydroxide modified electrodes. These electrodes are used as novel platform to perform the electrocatalytic oxidation of various carbohydrates in alkaline medium. It was found that bare and Ni coated ITO electrodes are inactive towards carbohydrates oxidation. The heterogeneous rate constant values are determined and calculated to be two orders of magnitude higher in the case of template method when compared to non-template technique. The observed effect is attributed to the synergistic effect of higher surface area of these deposits and catalytic ability of Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couple.
In lithium-sulfur batteries, cyclability is often strongly limited by a high interfacial resistance caused by poor contact between the active material and electron and lithium ion transporting materials. Here, we develop a Li2S-VGCF (Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber) nanocomposite positive electrode for an all-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery that significantly improves cyclability. The Li2S-VGCF nanocomposite is prepared by a solution-based technique with subsequent heat-treatment in order to control the formation of Li2S nanocrystals within the VGCF electron conducting matrix. The small, well-dispersed Li2S nanocrystals offer a large contact area with the solid electrolyte and electron conducting carbon in the composite cathode. To further improve conductivity, the composite cathode employs a multi-dimensional approach with long 1-D VGCF fibers supporting long distance electron transport and 0-D carbon powder enhancing the contact area with the Li2S active material at lower total carbon content. In the all-solid-state batteries, the highest initial capacity of 469mhA∙g−1 is obtained at conditions of 500°C during heat-treatment. Activation of Li2S is observed during the first 10 cycles. Subsequently, the capacity gradually increased up to 600mAh∙g−1 (g of Li2S). The optimized cell exhibits excellent cyclic performance through 20 cycles and a Coulombic efficiency of ∼100%.
The economically suitable and energy efficient catalysts are highly necessary for the substantial application in renewable energy production and storage aspirations. However, the high cost and instability of noble metal based catalysts are major concern in their sustainable use. Therefore, the electroactive and non-noble metal based nanostructures are promptly occupying the places of noble metal based catalysts (Pt, RuO2, IrO2 etc.), in electrochemical water splitting and metal-air energy systems. In this work, for the first time, we have reported a non-noble metal based bifunctional (OER/HER) marigold like N-rGO-MoS2-Ni(OH)2 nanocomposite, which has been synthesized by two-step hydrothermal method. This material was found to possess an exciting surface morphological feature with excellent electrocatalytic activity, resulting from the highly exposed surface area, porous structure and synergistic effect of rGO, MoS2 and Ni(OH)2 with the additional contribution from N-doping in the material. The overpotentials of 0.271 V and −0.223 V @|10 mA/cm2| and considerably lower Tafel slope of 106.5 and 86.0 mV/dec were achieved for OER and HER respectively. High stability of N-rGO-MoS2-Ni(OH)2 nanocomposite in both HER and OER adds more value to the material as an active catalyst for energy generation by electrochemical water splitting. With these exciting properties N-rGO-MoS2-Ni(OH)2 paves the way towards designing efficient energy production and storage devices.
Li metal, which is a promising anode for Li based batteries, still suffers from the Li dendritic generation and interfacial instability. Herein, for the first time, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), a natural polymer with ultrahigh degree of backbone substitution, high viscosity and hardness, excellent elasticity and remarkable stability in organic electrolytes, was employed for Li metal anode protection. Using such biopolymer, an even TSP protective film with optimal thickness was facile coated on the Cu foil (TSP-Cu), which could favor the homogeneous electrodeposition of Li metal on the Cu foil and successfully inhibits the formation of dendrite during prolonged cycles. Thus-coated Li@TSP-Cu anode can deliver a stable cycling performance for more than 90 cycles with a low over-potential even at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 with a total capacity of 2 mAh cm−2, whereas the bare anode, i.e., Li@Cu, becomes unstable in initial cycle. Furthermore, the coated electrode could maintain a coulomb efficiency of 98.5% even after cycling for more than 100 cycles under a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with capacity of 1 mAh cm−2, superior to the bare Cu electrode which drops below 40% within less than 50 cycles under the same conditions. Electrochemical impedance analysis, SEM and XPS characterizations of the cycled anodes further confirmed the role of the TSP protective layer in blocking the repetitive regeneration of the SEI layer and in stabilizing the electrode interface. Our work demonstrated the promising perspective of biopolymeric protective films for construction of stable and dendrite-free Li metal anode in high-energy-density rechargeable Li metal batteries.
In today’s world, 46.8 million people suffer from brain related diseases. Dementia is most prevalent of all. In general scenario, a dementia patient lacks proper guidance in searching out the way to return back at his/her home. Thus, increasing the risk of getting damaged at individual-health level. Therefore, it is important to track their movement in more sophisticated manner as possible. With emergence of wearables, GPS sensors and Internet of Things (IoT), such devices have become available in public domain. Smartphone apps support caregiver to locate the dementia patients in real-time. RF, GSM, 3G, Wi-Fi and 4G technology fill the communication gap between patient and caregiver to bring them closer. In this paper, we incorporated 7 most popular wearables for investigation to seek appropriateness for dementia tracking in recent times in systematic manners. We performed an in-depth review of these wearables as per the cost, technology wise and application wise characteristics. A case novel study i.e. IoT-based Force Sensor Resistance enabled System-FSRIoT, has been proposed and implemented to validate the effectiveness of IoT in the domain of smarter dementia patient tracking in wearable form factor. The results show promising aspect of a whole new notion to leverage efficient assistive physio-medical healthcare to the dementia patients and the affected family members to reduce life risks and achieve a better social life.
Na-ion battery, as an alternative high-efficiency and low-cost energy storage device to Li-ion battery, has attracted wide interest for electrical grid and vehicle applications. However, demonstration of a full-cell battery with high energy and long cycle life remains a significant challenge. Here, we investigated the role of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on both cathodes and anodes and revealed a potential way to achieve long-term stability for Na-ion battery full-cells. Pre-cycling of cathodes and anodes leads to preformation of SEI, and hence mitigates the consumption of Na ions in full-cells. The example full-cell of Na0.44MnO2-hard carbon with pre-cycled and capacity-matched electrodes can deliver a specific capacity of ~116mAh/g based on Na0.44MnO2 at 1C rate (1C=120mA/g). The corresponding specific energy is ~313Wh/kg based on the cathode. Excellent cycling stability with ~77% capacity retention over 2000 cycles was demonstrated at 2C rate. Our work represents a leap forward in Na-ion battery development.
Single phase LiCo1−x M x O2 (M=Al and Mg) cathode materials for Li-ion batteries are synthesized by microwave dielectric heating with a reaction time less than 20min. Aluminium forms solid solutions up to a composition of x=0.5 and magnesium up to x=0.2. Lattice constants are found to vary with the composition. The compounds are electrochemically active with good discharge capacity.
Thermal storage of prismatic Li-ion cell with different types of anodes has been performed at 60°C for 15 days to 30 days. The results were compared for two anodes: natural-like graphite (NLG) with styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR, 2.5wt.%) binder and artificial graphite (AG) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, 6wt.%) as binder. The storage-capacity fading behavior of the commercial Li-ion cell was studied by dissection the storage cells and analyzing their electrodes and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), allows lithium-ion transfer but prevents electron migration using SEM, DSC, FT-IR, XRD and impedance analysis. Side-reaction and transformation of the passivation film on NLG anode contributed the capacity loss. Self-discharge of NLG cell due to high specific surface area was one of the main factors for capacity fading. Impedance analysis revealed that the interfacial resistance at NLG anode was larger than that of the AG anode. The increase of lithium alkylcarbonate and lithium carbonate due to reductive decomposition of electrolyte with storage time decreased the charge and increased the interfacial resistance.
A new cell developed for in situ FTIR investigations was used to investigate the oxidative decomposition of propylene carbonate with different amounts of water. Further subtractively normalized interfacial (SNIFTIRS) spectra were obtained for the oxidation products of 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and of 1 M LiPF6 in dimethylcarbonate (DMC). Finally, the decomposition products of a solution of 1 M LiPF6 in a 1:1 EC–DMC mixture were investigated and the corresponding spectra assigned to decomposition products of the single-solvent electrolyte solutions.
Introducing Mg2+ to LiFePO4 and reduced graphene oxide composite via mechanical mixing and annealing leads to largely improved rate performance of the cathode (e.g. ∼78 mA h g−1 at 20 C for LiFePO4 and reduced graphene oxide composite with Mg2+ introduction vs. ∼37 mA h g−1 at 20 C for LiFePO4 and reduced graphene oxide composite). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy unravels that the enhanced reduction of Fe2+ to Fe0 occurs in the simultaneous presence of Mg2+ and reduced graphene oxide, which is beneficial for the rate capability of cathode. The simple fabrication process provides a simple and effective means to improve the rate performance of the LiFePO4 and reduced graphene oxide composite cathode.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are important energy generation and storage devices and the development of anode materials can improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Herein, we report the fabrication of Ag nanoparticles embedded boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (Ag/B-rGO) with the addition of 10–30 wt% boric acid as anode materials for high performance LIB application. The combination of Ag nanoparticles with B-doped rGO enhances the reactivity of nanocomposites toward Li+ ions intercalation. The Ag/B-rGO nanocomposites with the addition of 30 wt% boric acid (Ag/B-rGO-30) exhibits significantly improved rate capability. The reversible capacity of 1484 mAh g−1 at 50mAg−1 is initially observed and can retain at 430 mAh g−1 when the current density increases to 1000mAg−1. In addition, the Ag/B-rGO exhibits the stable capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 100mAg−1 after 100 cycles of lithiation/delithiation process. The presence of doped boron improves the electron density and increases the defect sites, resulting in the acceleration of electron transfer rate through the graphitic network. In addition, the embedded Ag nanoparticles with diameters of 10–15nm over 2–3 layered B-rGO decrease the internal resistance of Ag/B-rGO nanocomposites as well as improve the conductively nano-dimensional contacts for electron transport. Results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the role of heteroatoms in the enhancement of electrochemical performance of lithiation capacity and can open a new route to fabricate metal-decorated rGO-based nanomaterials for high performance energy storage devices.
A simple and effective solvent treatment method was developed to prepare porous membranes with a tunable morphology for vanadium flow battery applications. The solvent treatment method can effectively create poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes with a well-controllable pore size and pore size distribution. An impressive vanadium flow battery (VFB) performance with a coulombic efficiency of over 99% and an energy efficiency of over 90% was obtained, which are the highest values ever reported for porous uncharged membranes. The concept provides an entirely novel, simple and cost-effective way to fabricate high-performance porous membranes for VFB applications.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor regulating the expression of a battery of cytoprotective genes. Constitutive Nrf2 activation in many tumors enhances cell survival and resistance to anticancer drugs. Using a cell-based ARE-reporter assay we discovered that the flavonoid luteolin is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin inhibited ARE-driven gene expression redox-independently. In non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells, which possess constitutively active Nrf2, luteolin elicited a dramatic reduction in Nrf2 at both the mRNA and the protein levels, leading to decreased Nrf2 binding to AREs, down-regulation of ARE-driven genes, and depletion of reduced glutathione. After transcription was blocked with actinomycin D, 1μM luteolin decreased the Nrf2 mRNA level by 34% in 30min, indicating its role in accelerating Nrf2 mRNA turnover. At physiological concentrations, luteolin significantly sensitized A549 cells to the anticancer drugs oxaliplatin, bleomycin, and doxorubicin. However, knockdown of Nrf2 using siRNA essentially abolished the induced sensitivity by the flavonoid, implying the importance of inhibiting Nrf2 for its activity. Our study demonstrates that an Nrf2 inhibitor can enhance the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and indicates the potential application of luteolin as a natural sensitizer in chemotherapy.
Cognitive impairment is common to both schizophrenia and alcoholism. Despite increasing recognition that people with both disorders represent a problematic client group, little is known about the possible additive effect of a dual diagnosis upon impaired cognitive function. This study investigates impairment of cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, or a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder. It was hypothesised that patients with dual diagnosis would show greater cognitive impairment than those with a single diagnosis. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and standardised measures of psychiatric health and substance use were administered to 120 community psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, alcohol dependence and both conditions (dual diagnosis). Higher rates of cognitive impairment were found among dual diagnosis patients compared to the schizophrenia or alcohol patients. This was shown in age-adjusted measures of global functioning, and on the tests of language, reading and writing, and visuospatial construction. Despite its common usage, global MMSE scores were insensitive to the cognitive impairments typically found in these clinical groups. Where the MMSE is used as a screening tool, it is recommended that scores are adjusted for the effects of age.
Ta doping in Li4Ti5O12 (Li4Ti4.95Ta0.05O12) as function of different heat-treat atmospheres (oxidizing/reducing) was investigated and compared to Li4Ti5O12 to determine its effect on ionic/electronic conductivity and the charge compensating defects. Under oxidizing conditions Li4Ti4.95Ta0.05O12 was primarily an ionic conductor where the extra charge of Ta was compensated by Ti vacancies. Under reducing conditions Li4Ti4.95Ta0.05O12 was primarily an electronic conductor where the extra charge of Ta was compensated by an electron. The charge compensating defects were confirmed by sintering data.
Spinel LiMn2O4 films were obtained by spin-coating the lithium/manganese acetates-containing precursor solution on a Pt-coated silicon substrate. The effect of chitosan addition in the acetates-containing precursor solution on the formation of the LiMn2O4 films was investigated by TG/DTA, FT-IR spectroscopy, glancing-angle XRD and cyclic voltammetry. It was demonstrated that the addition of chitosan is very beneficial to the deposition of a single-phase LiMn2O4 film due to the fact that chitosan is able to chelate with lithium/manganese ions and form a stable complex compound. Moreover, the electrochemical measurements also showed that the deposited LiMn2O4 film from the chitosan-added precursor solution exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 134mAh/g at 1C and a better rate performance (86.4% of the discharge capacity at 1C can be maintained when the discharge rate increases from 1 up to 8C) in comparison with one from the chitosan-free solution.
In this work, the asymmetric supercapacitor in which spherical porous VN is used as a negative electrode and NiO x as a positive electrode was assembled in 1M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The spherical porous VN negative material has a specific capacitance of 580F/g and the NiO x positive electrode a specific capacitance of 680F/g. The VN/NiO x symmetric supercapacitor shows a sloping voltage profile from 0.5 to 1.45V with excellent reversibility and delivers a specific capacitance of 139F/g and an energy density of 63Wh/kg based on the total weight of the active electrode materials. The VN/NiO x asymmetric supercapacitor shows a good cycling behavior, about 15% specific capacitance decay after 1000 cycles. It also exhibits an excellent rate capability, even at a power density of 2400W/kg, it has a specific energy 26Wh/kg compared with 50Wh/kg at the power density about 365W/kg.
This paper reports a design and building process of a net-zero-energy modular house, named ElementHouse, which was entered for the 2007 Solar Decathlon competition that was organized by the U.S. Department of Energy. This paper discusses the development of the ElementHouse from its initial concept to the actual construction, which integrated multi-disciplinary knowledge of architecture, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. By employing computer-aided simulation tools, several design approaches were developed to achieve the optimal balance among function, aesthetics, economy, and energy—a challenge in many sustainable building designs. A simplified energy model helped to form the building configuration at the preliminary design stage by showing how energy use is affected by various parameters, leading to optimization studies that provided design guidelines towards an energy-efficient building envelope and opening design. Energy modelling also estimated the annual energy use and electricity generation, as well as the costs associated with long-term operation of the house. The energy demand estimate and its daily power profile helped to design the photovoltaic (PV) system. The modular configuration of the building and its roof structure was then iteratively altered to accommodate the PV panels in such a way as to generate the most power and to facilitate interstate transportation of ElementHouse. With the progress of the design process, detailed energy simulation using EnergyPlus provided more accurate estimates of power use and generation and, coupled with daylighting simulation performed with Radiance, permitted finalizing the building envelope, opening, and electric lighting design. The building envelope embraced the passive and low energy philosophy to minimize the annual heating and cooling load and to optimize natural lighting. By illustrating the whole picture of ElementHouse design, this paper discusses a way of effectively designing and building a comfortable and affordable solar house.