batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Among the gamut of sodium battery insertion materials, NaMnFe2(PO4)3 was reported as the first alluaudite framework compound albeit with poor electrochemical activity [Chem. Mater. 22 (2010) 5554]. We hereby report auto-combustion synthesis of carbon coated NaMnFe2(PO4)3 alluaudite and its Na+ diffusion, ionic conductivity and electrochemical activity synergizing experiments with bond valence site energy (BVSE) modeling. It registered a 2.8 V redox activity with a reversible capacity of ∼60 mAh g−1 with good cycling stability. BVSE calculations revealed an exceptionally low one-dimensional migration barrier of 0.31 eV for Na-ion diffusion. It was in sync with the low activation energy barrier of 0.162 eV derived from ac impedance spectroscopy. NaMnFe2(PO4)3 alluaudite cathode was found to have conductivity value of 0.5 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature. Among the PO4-based sodium battery insertion materials, NaMnFe2(PO4)3 alluaudite shows excellent ionic conductivity with very low Na+ migration barrier. It can lead to the realization of superior reversible capacity in this alluaudite cathode comparable to LiFePO4.
The separator is a crucial part of lithium ion battery, such as preventing internal short-circuit and offering ion-conducting routes. However, conventional separators are usually based on polymer materials, which show the low thermal stability and poor electrolyte wettability, thus greatly restricting the electrochemical performance of lithium ion battery, especially for high-temperature safety. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) was employed as separator via direct coating onto the surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 electrode through a facile blade-coating technique. Comparing with the conventionally used polypropylene (PP) separator, the new ZIF-67 based separator features superior electrolyte uptake (154%), higher ionic conductivity (0.00164 S cm−1) and thermal stability. Notably, at a high temperature of 55 °C, the cell with ZIF-67 based separator exhibits nearly 2 times higher capacity retention than the PP separator (ZIF-67: 61.20% vs PP: 35.09%). In view of its advantages, the ZIF-67 based separator shows significant potential in the design of safe lithium ion batteries.
In this paper, silicon containing thick anode electrodes were investigated to provide a higher energy density and capacity for EV/HEV applications. In our study, a facile technique of adding a mechanical buffer between thick active material and current collector is proposed and tested by an in-situ measurement using white light interferometry. The electrodes with a modified structure deliver a significant improvement to mechanical stability as well as battery performance compared to conventional electrodes with the original structural design. Therefore, the methodology demonstrated here can probably be used to mitigate the deteriorating effect of mechanical failure in silicon-based electrodes, in which volume variation is usually considered as a severe issue, of lithium ion batteries.
Advanced wireless technology in multimedia devices that is used widely in daily life can be applied to medical devices, such as spinal cord stimulator (SCS), for functioning as a multimedia node. This paper describes a SCS prototype that functions as a sensor and actuator for scientific research and potential clinical applications. The SCS is able to generate voltage/current outputs in 4 channels (with 16 electrodes selection) and has the capacity to sense tissue impedance in real-time. Furthermore, the SCS allows for wireless communication with high power efficiency at a long range (up to 2m). Benefiting from its novel designs for high power efficiency and wireless signal/power transmission, the SCS also satisfies the long-term animal/clinical test requirements for maintaining multimedia link. Our experiments also indicate that the SCS has better performance, such as in electrical parameters and versatility, to relevant studies.
Crosslinked polymer electrolyte (CPE) and composite polymer electrolyte are two of the most promising polymer electrolyte (PE) systems for improving the resistance to Li dendrite growth, but the trade-off and agglomerated effects of these PEs hinder the development of safe Li metal battery (LMB). Herein, a new class of crosslinked composite polymer electrolyte (CCPE) with the combination of confined ionic liquid (IL) polymer network and homogeneously dispersed boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) for LMB is reported. This UV-curable CCPE is formed on electrode via in-situ crosslinking of a precursor solution in a rapid and solvent-free step, and the assembly process of LMBs and interfacial contact/adhesion are maximum optimized. The critical point of this CCPE is that a facile channel for Li+ transfer and a robust skeleton for confining IL and strengthening interface are simultaneously achieved via the introduction of network structure and 2D BNNS in PE. Consequently, the LiFePO4ǀLi batteries involving CCPE show a great improvement in the charge-discharge cycling stability and rate performance compared with those of the cells with pure CPE. This study offers an effective and facile strategy for fabricating dendrite-resistant CCPE with potential applicability in next-generation energy storage systems.
The Si–C and Si–M–C (C, the disordered carbon) composites prepared from pyrolysis reaction and high-energy mechanical milling process have a significant enhancement in the electrochemical cycling stability over pure silicon. The introduction of the hard co-milling components (M, such as TiB2 and TiN) in the Si–C composite before pyrolysis reaction brings an improvement in the charging rate and cycling performance, but it leads to a slight loss in the reversible capacity. The full cell with the composite anodes and the LiCo0.2Ni0.8O2 cathode was fabricated to show large anode capacity over 600mAhg−1 within a potential range of 2.3–3.9V that might result in a high energy density. The Si-based composites appear to be the promising anode candidates for Li-ion batteries.
Dissolved polysulfides cause high self-discharge, low coulombic efficiency and short cycling life due to their shuttle effect in the charge/discharge cycles in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Despite of various attempts (e.g., addition of metal oxides and chalcogenides in the cathode, immobilization of sulfur with various carbons, and confinement of sulfur within the cathode side with membranes) in solving this problem, it still remains a major challenge for Li-S batteries. Here, we demonstrate that chemically active binders can in situ bond to the polysulfides in the electrode. Besides the common binding functions of the cathode materials to the current collector, the covalent bonding between binders and polysulfides could bestow the higher capacity, stable cycling and high coulombic efficiency, even under the high loading of sulfur contents. Thus, this study provides an alternative and effective way in solving the shuttle effect of the dissolved lithium polysulfides for Li-S batteries.
A new, high-energy-efficiency charging operation with as little amount of overcharge as possible is proposed to improve the energy efficiency and the cycle life for an EV valve-regulated lead–acid battery. Under this operation, the EV battery system is charged with 105% of amount of the preceding discharge five out of six times and once with 115% in order that it is fully charged. The cycle lives were estimated using a valve-regulated lead–acid battery system of 12 modules connected in series, by SFUDS79 pattern discharging and measurement of the amount of discharge every 50 cycles. Three-step constant current charging with 115% of amount of the preceding discharge required more than 5 h with the final charging step of more than 210 min, with coulomb efficiency of only 87% and energy efficiency of 74%. On the other hand, under the high-energy-efficiency charging operation, three-step charging with 105% shortens the final charging time to 132 min. It was completed in less than 4 h with coulomb and energy efficiency of 95% and 84%, respectively. This operation increased the energy efficiency from 74% to 83% on average in six chargings, and extended the cycle life by about 30% to more than 400 cycles. Decreasing the amount of charge by as much as possible suppressed the corrosion of the grids in the positive plate and the heat evolution in batteries due to shortening of the final charging step. Although the high-energy-efficiency charging operation led to the accumulation of inactive PbSO4 at the upper part of the negative plate, possibly due to the decreasing amount of overcharge, this operation could prolong the cycle life. Full charging once every six times is though to be effective in suppressing degradation caused by the accumulation of inactive PbSO4 in the negative plate due to the shortage of charge.
The long-term operation of the vanadium redox flow battery is accompanied by ion diffusion across the separator and side reactions, which can lead to electrolyte imbalance and capacity loss. The accurate online monitoring of capacity loss is therefore valuable for the reliable and efficient operation of vanadium redox flow battery system. In this paper, a model-based online monitoring method is proposed to detect capacity loss in the vanadium redox flow battery in real time. A first-order equivalent circuit model is built to capture the dynamics of the vanadium redox flow battery. The model parameters are online identified from the onboard measureable signals with the recursive least squares, in seeking to keep a high modeling accuracy and robustness under a wide range of working scenarios. Based on the online adapted model, an observer is designed with the extended Kalman Filter to keep tracking both the capacity and state of charge of the battery in real time. Experiments are conducted on a lab-scale battery system. Results suggest that the online adapted model is able to simulate the battery behavior with high accuracy. The capacity loss as well as the state of charge can be estimated accurately in a real-time manner.
The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a worldwide deadly pandemic that has become a major public health challenge. All semi-urgent and elective medical care has come to a halt to conserve capacity to care for patients during this pandemic. As the numbers of COVID-19 cases decrease across Canada, our healthcare system also began to reopen various facilities and medical offices. The aim for this document is to compile the current evidence and provide expert consensus on the safe return to clinic practice in Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery. These recommendations will also summarize general precaution principles and practical tips for office across Canada to optimize patient and provider safety. Risk assessment and patient selection are crucial to minimizing exposure to COVID-19. Controversial topics such as COVID-19 mode of transmission, duration of exposure, personal protective equipment, and aerosol-generating procedures will be analyzed and discussed. Practical solutions of pre-visit office preparation, front office and examination room set-up, and check out procedures are explored. Specific considerations for audiology, pediatric population, and high risk AGMPs are also addressed. Given that the literature surrounding COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, these guidelines will serve to start our specialty back into practice over the next weeks to months and they may change as we learn more about this disease.
Unknown I would like to express my thanks to Mrs. Mariana Gerganska for her valuable help with the translation of this book and for her amicable criticism and useful remarks. I also thank Ms. Dina Ivanova for her technical assistance with the graphical illustrations and all my collaborators from the Lead-Acid Batteries Department of IEES for their most generous support. I am grateful to Mr. P. Kirubhagaran and Mr. B. Mageswaran and their team from Elsevier's book publishing division, Chennai, for their excellent work in converting my manuscript into a book. And last, but not the least, I sincerely thank Ms. Anita Koch, Associate Acquisition Editor at Elsevier, for her patience and understanding throughout the time of preparation and submission of my manuscript. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to the following organizations for their kindness to grant me permissions to reproduce copyright materials:•Elsevier B.V.•The Electrochemical Society, Inc.•Springer Science and Business Media B.V.•John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.While every effort has been made to contact copyright holders or their agents, a few have remained untraceable. I would be interested to hear from any copyright holders who have not been acknowledged. I would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book. Elsevier B.V. The Electrochemical Society, Inc. Springer Science and Business Media B.V. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Background Deep brain stimulation has become a routine therapy for movement disorders, but it is relatively invasive and costly. Although stimulation intensity relates to battery longevity, less is known about how diagnosis and stimulation target contribute to this clinical outcome. Here we evaluate battery longevity in movement disorders patients who were treated at a tertiary referral center. Objective To compare single channel pulse generator longevity in patients with movement disorders. Methods With Institutional Review Board approval, we evaluated 470 consecutive Soletra implants for routine care. Battery longevity was estimated with Kaplan–Meier analyses, and group comparisons were performed with the log rank mean test. The frequency of clinic encounters for ongoing care was evaluated across diagnoses with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The mean pulse generator longevity was 44.9 ± 1.4 months. Pallidal DBS for dystonia was associated with shorter battery longevity than subthalamic and thalamic DBS for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor (28.1 ± 2.1 versus 47.1 ± 1.8 and 47.8 ± 2.6 months, respectively, mean ± standard error, P < 0.001), and dystonia patients required more frequent clinic visits for routine care (F = 6.0, P = 0.003). Pallidal DBS for Parkinson's disease and thalamic DBS for cerebellar outflow tremor were associated with shorter battery longevity, as well (35.3 ± 4.6 and 26.4 ± 4.3 months, respectively). Conclusions Pallidal DBS for dystonia was associated with shorter battery longevity and more frequent stimulator adjustments versus DBS for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Characteristics of the stimulation target and disease pathophysiology both likely contribute to battery longevity in patients with movement disorders.
Many interesting cathode materials, such as LiFePO4, LiMnPO4, LiFeBO3 or the recently discovered Li2FeSiO4 and Li2MnSiO4, exhibit extremely low electronic conductivity (<10−9 Scm−1). A very efficient way for improving the electronic transport in such materials is supposed to be the preparation of carbon coatings around individual active particles. Despite the increasing number of reports on preparation of various carbon coatings, neither the formation mechanism nor the detailed coating properties have been explained satisfactorily. The present paper is an attempt to find a clear correlation between the synthesis parameters, the resulting coating morphology and, finally, its electrical properties. As a substrate material for deposition of coatings, more or less monodisperse TiO2 particles in various sizes were used. As a carbon precursor, citrate was used because it had given excellent results in our previous investigation of the LiFePO4 system. It is shown that citrate precursor delivers pretty good conductivity (ca. 30Scm−1) after a 10h heat treatment at 700°C or higher. The conductivity percolation threshold can be reached already at 1.5vol.% of carbon, while the plateau conductivity of the whole composite is about 0.1Scm−1. At that level, the carbon phase is supposed to form a well-distributed 3D electrical network within the composite.
This paper investigates the electrochemical performance of asymmetric supercapacitors in an environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte (1.0 mol L−1 sodium sulfate solution). The asymmetric configuration is based on the use of a highly porous carbon xerogel as active material in both the positive and negative electrodes, but the carbon xerogel loading in each electrode has been substantially modified. This configuration leads to an increase in the operational voltage window up to values of 1.8 V and consequently to a higher specific capacitance (200 F g−1) and energy density (~25 Wh kg−1). Four different mass ratios were employed (1, 1.5, 2 and 3), and the electrochemical response of the cells was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the optimal carbon mass ratio in the electrodes is about 2.0 because in these conditions the devices are able to operate with a maximum cell voltage of 1.8 V and with a high electrical efficiency.
Strategies for Li-ion batteries that are based on lithium-insertion compounds as cathodes are limited by the capacities of the cathode materials and by the safe charging rates for Li transport across a passivating SEI layer on a carbon-based anode. With these strategies, it is difficult to meet the commercial constraints on Li-ion batteries for plug-in-hybrid and all-electric vehicles as well as those for stationary electrical energy storage (EES) in a grid. Existing alternative strategies include a gaseous O2 electrode in a Li/air battery and a solid sulfur (S8) cathode in a Li/S battery. We compare the projected energy densities and EES efficiencies of these cells with those of a third alternative, a Li/Fe(III)/Fe(II) cell containing a redox couple in an aqueous solution as the cathode. Preliminary measurements indicate proof of concept, but implementation of this strategy requires identification of a suitable Li+-ion electrolyte.
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of China’s road transport sector have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Previous studies on the future trends trend to focus on the national picture and cannot offer regional insights. We build a novel bottom-up model to estimate the future energy demand and GHG emissions of China’s road transport at a provincial level, considering local economic development, population and policies. Detailed technical characteristics of the future vehicle fleets are analyzed in several up-to date scenarios. The results indicate that China’s vehicle stock will keep increasing to 543 million by 2050. The total direct petroleum demand and associated GHG emissions will peak at 508 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and 1500 million tonnes CO2 equivalent (Mt CO2,e) around 2030 in the Reference scenario. Natural gas vehicle diffusion has a large impact on petroleum demand reduction in the short term, with decreases of 41–46 Mtoe in 2050. Compared to the Reference case, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles will reduce petroleum demand by 94–157 and 28–54 Mtoe in 2050, respectively. When combined with decarbonization of future power supply, battery electric vehicles can play a significant role in reducing Well-to-Wheels GHG emissions in 2050 with 295–449 Mt CO2,e more reductions. The spatial distributions of future vehicle stock, energy demand and GHG emissions vary among provinces and show a generally downward trend from east to west. Policy recommendations are made in terms of the development of alternative fuels and vehicle technologies considering provincial differences, expansion of natural gas vehicle market and acceleration of electric vehicle market penetration.
Canopy transpiration (E c) of a 50-year old Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. Ex DC. stand in Tenerife, Canary Islands was estimated continuously throughout 1 year from August 2000 to July 2001 by means of xylem sap flow measurements. Although there was pronounced seasonal trend in soil water availability and evaporative demand, E c did not show any clear seasonal trend and averaged 0.80 during the cold-wet and 0.82mmday−1 during the warm-dry period. This is, because summer drought is often mitigated by a high relative humidity of the air and a high frequency of clouds due to the north-east trade winds. However, at a given solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit E c was significantly lower during the warm and dry season than at other times during the year. The annual total of E c was 252.3mm, which is significantly below the values estimated for other Mediterranean forest ecosystems and thus shows a strong adaptation to low soil water availability during periods of great evaporative demand.
This study, by using the ortho, meta, and para forms of phenylenedimaleimide (o-, m-, and p-phenylenedimaleimide), presents an analysis of electrolyte-additive positional isomer effects that are significant to the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and thus the resulting battery's performance. The analysis is presented in terms of the SEI's electrochemical properties, growth mechanism, free volume, ionic transfer properties, and its charge–discharge performance. This study shows that the reduction reaction mechanism for each of the positional isomers is the same; however, the isomers when used individually provide different degrees of reduction reaction and varying SEI physical infrastructures. O-phenylenedimaleimide can inhibit SEI formation because its three-dimensional barrier is greater than that of either m- or p-phenylenedimaleimide. This three-dimensional barrier gives rise to a loose SEI structure that reduces ionic motion resulting in discontinuous SEI formation and a decrease in ionic diffusion velocity. Battery performance testing showed that p-phenylenedimaleimide has the greatest discharge capacity, together with significant reversibility, because of dense and uniform structure of its SEI. Our results indicate that by selecting an appropriately functionalized isomer functional groups on SEI formation and thus improve battery performance. The maleimide-based additives provide valuable information on SEI formation mechanisms for future electrolytes.
Uniform and spherical Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O(2−δ)F δ powders were synthesized via NH3 and F− coordination hydroxide co-precipitation. The effect of F− coordination agent on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O(2−δ)F δ were studied. The morphology, size, and distribution of (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(OH)(2−δ)F δ particle diameter were improved in a shorter reaction time through the addition of F−. The study suggested that the added F improves the layered characteristics of the lattice and the cyclic performance of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 in the voltage range of 2.8–4.6V. The initial capacity of the Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O1.96F0.04 was 178mAhg−1, the maximum capacity was 186mAhg−1 and the capacity after 50 cycles was 179mAhg−1 in the voltage range of 2.8–4.6V.
The diffusion process of intercalary species within insertion-host materials is the key step during the whole electrode reaction. Here a novel method based on the ratio (q) of the potentio-charge capacity to the galvano-charge capacity (RPG) was developed to determine the diffusion coefficient of intercalary species for porous electrode by the spherical diffusion model. By the RPG method, the Li+ diffusion coefficients within graphite were determined from the galvano–potentio-charge curves. The values of diffusion coefficient measured at different galvano-charge current or at different cutoff voltage suggested that the RPG method has a good reliability for determination of the diffusion coefficient.