batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study investigates religious predictors of happiness in a population-based sample of Israeli Jewish adults (N = 991). Using data collected in 2009–2010 as a part of the International Social Survey Programme’s Religion III Survey, analyses were conducted on a fully recursive structural model of the effects of synagogue attendance and several religious mediators on a single-item measure of happiness. Bivariately, every religious measure (synagogue attendance, prayer frequency, certainty of God beliefs, a four-item Supernatural Beliefs Scale, and subjective religiosity) is positively and significantly associated with happiness. In the structural model, 11 of 15 hypothesized paths are significant. Of these, only subjective religiosity exhibits a significant direct effect on happiness (β = 0.15, p < .01). The other four religious indicators, however, all exert indirect effects on happiness through subjective religiosity and combinations of each other. Total effects on happiness of both synagogue attendance (β = 0.10, p < .01) and the Supernatural Beliefs Scale (β = 0.12, p < .05) are statistically significant. Analyses adjust for effects of age and other sociodemographic covariates. Results build on a growing body of population-based findings supporting a salutary impact of Jewish religious observance on subjective well-being in Israel and the diaspora.
The controllable synthesis of nanostructured CeO2-based materials is an imperative issue for environment- and energy-related applications. In this review, we present the recent technological and theoretical advances related to the CeO2-based nanomaterials, with a focus on the synthesis from one dimensional to mesoporous ceria as well as the properties from defect chemistry to nano-size effects. Seven extensively studied aspects regarding the applications of nanostructured ceria-based materials are selectively surveyed as well. New experimental approaches have been demonstrated with an atomic scale resolution characterization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide insight into the rational design of highly reactive catalysts and understanding of the interactions between the noble metal and ceria support. Achieving desired morphologies with designed crystal facets and oxygen vacancy clusters in ceria via controlled synthesis process is quite important for highly active catalysts. Finally, remarks on the challenges and perspectives on this exciting field are proposed.
Evidence so far indicates the consistent association between brain structural abnormalities and schizophrenia already present at the early phases of the illness. This study investigates the specificity of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia by using region-of-interest method of volumetric analysis in a heterogeneous sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients at their first break of the illness. 225 subjects, comprising 82 schizophrenia patients, 36 schizophreniform disorder patients and 24 patients with non-schizophrenic non-affective psychoses, and 83 healthy individuals underwent a magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. Quantitative brain morphometric variables were assessed: cortical CSF, lateral ventricle, total brain tissue, white matter and cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes. The contribution of sociodemographic, cognitive and clinical characterictics was controlled. Compared with controls, schizophrenia (P =0.017) and schizophreniform disorder (P =0.023) patients showed an increase in cortical CSF volume. Schizophrenia patients had also markedly enlarged lateral ventricle volume compared to controls (P =0.026). The patients with non-schizophrenic non-affective psychoses did not significantly differ in lateral ventricle and cortical CSF volumes from controls. Compared with controls, schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder patients demonstrated a significant decrease in total brain tissue (−1.30% and −1.12% respectively). Thalamic volume was reduced (−3.84%) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (P =0.040). Clinical and cognitive variables were not significantly related with morphological changes. The brain changes found in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are robustly associated with the diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder and are independent of relevant intervening variables.
Onset of psychosis may be associated with abnormal adolescent neurodevelopment. Here we examined the neurocognitive profile of first-episode, adolescent onset psychosis (AOP) as compared to typically developing adolescents, and asked whether neurocognitive performance varied differentially as a function of age in the cases compared with controls. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to 35 patients experiencing a first-episode of a DSM-IV psychotic disorder and to 31 matched controls. Clinicians also rated subjects’ social and role functioning, both at the time of neuropsychological assessment and 1 year later. Although patients displayed a wide range of impairments relative to controls, their most pronounced deficits included verbal memory, sensorimotor dexterity and cognitive processing speed. Among these, only processing speed showed a significant group-by-age interaction, consistent with an aberrant developmental course among AOP patients. Processing speed also accounted for substantial variance in other areas of deficit, and predicted social functioning 1 year later. AOP patients fail to show normal age-related increases in processing speed, which in turn predicts poorer functional outcomes. This pattern is consistent with the view that adolescent brain developmental processes, such as myelination, may be disrupted in these patients.
In this paper the losses in coulombic efficiency are investigated for a vanadium/air redox flow battery (VARFB) comprising a two-layered positive electrode. Ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy is used to monitor the concentrations c V 2 + and c V 3 + during operation. The most likely cause for the largest part of the coulombic losses is the permeation of oxygen from the positive to the negative electrode followed by an oxidation of V2+ to V3+. The total vanadium crossover is followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analysis of the positive electrolyte after one VARFB cycle. During one cycle 6% of the vanadium species initially present in the negative electrolyte are transferred to the positive electrolyte, which can account at most for 20% of the coulombic losses. The diffusion coefficients of V2+ and V3+ through Nafion® 117 are determined as D V 2 + , N 117 = 9.05 · 10 − 6 cm2 min−1 and D V 3 + , N 117 = 4.35 · 10 − 6 cm2 min−1 and are used to calculate vanadium crossover due to diffusion which allows differentiation between vanadium crossover due to diffusion and migration/electroosmotic convection. In order to optimize coulombic efficiency of VARFB, membranes need to be designed with reduced oxygen permeation and vanadium crossover.
Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) need to be provided with behavioral, psychological, educational, or skill-building interventions as early as possible. Cognitive Behavior Therapy has proven useful to manage such problems. There is also growing evidence on the usefulness of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) in treating various functional deficits in ASD. This exploratory study is aimed at assessing the changes in cognitive functions in children with ASD, and the putative subtending neurophysiological mechanisms, following the provision of rehab training using an innovative VRT system. Twenty patients with ASD, aged 6–15 years, were provided with 24 sessions of VRT by using the pediatric module of the BTS NIRVANA System. Neuropsychological and EEG evaluations were carried out before and at the end of the training. After VRT, all patients showed a significant improvement in their cognitive-behavioral problems concerning attention processes, visuospatial cognition, and anxiety. These findings were paralleled by an evident reshape of frontoparietal connectivity in the alpha and theta frequency range. Our study suggests that VRT could be a useful and promising tool to improve ASD neurorehabilitation outcomes. This improvement is likely to occur through changes in frontoparietal network connectivity following VRT.
The paper presents a conceptual design of an underwater missile launcher, which will be more difficult to detect by the enemy than conventional surface missile launchers which are currently being used. The paper suggests that the material of construction should be a composite and not a metal, as use of the latter for a large deep diving underwater vessel will result in such a structure sinking like a stone, due to the fact that it will have no reserve buoyancy. The paper also shows that composites have better sound absorption characteristics, thereby making the underwater structure difficult to detect through sonar equipment. It is proposed that this launcher should operate up to a depth of 5000m, as at this depth, some 60% of the oceans' bottoms can be reached. The author shows that current technology can be used to construct and operate such a vessel.
Nano-sized Fe2O3-loaded carbon material was prepared by loading Fe2O3 on carbon using a chemical method. Fe(NO3)3 was impregnated on carbon in an aqueous solution, and the mixture was dried and then calcined for 1h at 400°C in flowing Ar. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that small Fe2O3 particles (a few tenths of nanometers) were distributed on the carbon surface. The obtained nano-sized Fe2O3-loaded carbon material acted as an anode in a Li cell. High charge capacities of over 1000mAhg−1 (reduction of Fe2O3) in the first charge process suggested that Fe3+ in Fe2O3 was electrochemically reduced to Fe0. Investigation of the charge material by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that Fe3+ is reduced to Fe0. Nano-sized Fe2O3-loaded acetylene black (AB), which, due to the larger surface area of AB, gave a greater distribution of nano-sized Fe2O3 particles than graphite, provided a larger capacity than nano-sized Fe2O3-loaded graphite.
Extensive research efforts have been devoted to the development of alternative battery chemistry to replace the current technology of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we demonstrate that the Li–SO2 battery chemistry, already established 30 years ago, has considerable potential to be regarded as a candidate for post-LIBs when appropriate nanotechnology is exploited. The recently developed nanostructured carbon materials greatly improve the battery performances of Li–SO2 cells, including a reversible capacity higher than 1000 mA h g−1 with a working potential of 3 V and excellent cycle performance over 150 cycles, and provide a theoretical energy density of about 651 W h kg−1, which is about 70% higher than that of the currently used LIBs. The nanostructured carbon cathodes offer not only an enlarged active surface area, but also a mechanical buffer to accommodate insulating discharge products upon discharge. Considering the other outstanding properties of the SO2-based inorganic electrolyte, such as non-flammability and significantly higher ionic conductivities, wisely selected nanotechnology renders the Li–SO2 battery chemistry a very promising approach towards the development of a post-LIB system.
A hierarchical SnO2@SnS2 core-shell nanostructure has been prepared by in situ surface sulfurization of hollow SnO2 sphere via a facile two-step solution-based method and used as a substitute for conventional Pt counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. The resulted semitransparent SnO2@SnS2 CEs demonstrate a high electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic activity, which are attributed to the synergetic effect of each component in such hierarchical nanostructure. The hierarchical SnO2@SnS2 CE achieves an impressive photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.08%, which is significantly higher than those of individual SnO2 (5.26%) and SnS2 (6.00%) and also higher than Pt (7.88%) by 2.5%. This study suggests that the inexpensive hierarchical SnO2@SnS2 CE is a good alternative to the expensive Pt CE in DSSCs.
The fuel economy performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) strongly depends on the power management strategy. This study proposes an integrated power management for a PHEV with multiple energy sources, including a semi-active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and an assistance power unit (APU). The HESS consists of battery packs and ultracapacitor packs. In the integrated control strategy, the output power between the battery packs and ultracapacitor packs is regulated by the model predictive control strategy, while the output power between the APU and HESS is allocated by the rule-based strategy. In the model predictive control process, a period of the future velocity will be predicted, and the dynamic programming algorithm will be applied to optimize the control strategy accordingly. The robustness of the proposed approach is verified by three typical driving cycles, including the Manhattan cycle, CBDC cycle and UDDSHDV cycle. The results show that the proposed control strategy can promote fuel economy compared with the original control strategy, especially in the charge sustain mode under the MANHATTAN driving cycle (21.88% improvement).
This paper presents a novel algorithm for the liver diseases fibrosis called Cirrhosis, which is considered as the most communal diseases in healthcare research. This research work introduced a technique for discriminating the cirrhotic liver from normal liver through adaptive ultrasound (AUS) instead of ultrasound (US) images with Hybrid Coupled Dictionary Pairs on Longitudinal Domain (HCDPLD). The parameters such as region covered and data structure values or variables has been analyzed using heuristic pattern producing classifierfor identifying the sub-bands and edge features. The developed cirrhosis prediction strategy helps to improve the results of image resolution with the accuracy of 99.82%, Average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 3.22 dB and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.89 through HCDPLD when compared with existing counterparts. Further Ingestible Internet of Things (IoT) sensors with activity tracker helps to monitor the patient health accurately in reliable data transfer.
Metal oxide compounds are a promising category of materials for the Li-ion battery anode due to their high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, although acceptable capacity retention and cycle life has not yet been achieved. In this work, we significantly improve the cycle life of manganese oxide through simultaneous cobalt doping and impregnation with a low 10% mass loading of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The MnO/CNT anode was able to retain its capacity of ca. 550mAh/g over 300 cycles at 400mA/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the best cycle life data reported for any MnO/CNT based anode. The composite also shows excellent rate capability, still supplying 400mAh/g at a current rate of 1600mA/g.
In order for the number of individual photovoltaic installations, to increase rapidly, it is necessary for such systems to be reliable and cheaper. The analysis of these systems when running shows indeed that the weakest element is the battery, and extremely variable lengths of service life can be observed. It is, therefore, increasingly important to optimise this component and its management mode. In this study, post mortem analyses have been performed on batteries, which have been operating in PV installations. Irreversible sulphation has been identified as a major ageing effect in many investigations. Moreover, the positive electrodes were particularly affected by this degradation. The objective of this present work is the experimental observation of the evolution of the lead sulphate during deep and prolonged discharge of the positive electrodes. An experimental set-up was built to identify the influence of parameters (electrolyte specific gravity, temperature) on the lead sulphate distribution and “rechargeability”. These experiments have shown that there is a recrystallisation mechanism during prolonged discharge periods leading to low poor rechargeability.
The sodium/copper sulfide (Na/Cu2S) rechargeable batteries are investigated using 1M NaCF3SO3-TEGDME liquid electrolyte at room temperature. The first discharge curve of Na/Cu2S cells shows a slope shape without plateaus potential region. The first discharge capacity is 294mAhg−1 and decreases to 220mAhg−1 after 20 cycles. The discharge process can be explained by intercalation of sodium into Cu2S phase without phase separation of Cu2S.
Layered Li(Ni2/3Mn1/3)O2 compounds are prepared by freeze-drying, mixed carbonate and molten salt methods at high temperature. The phases are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, and other methods. Electrochemical properties are studied versus Li-metal by charge–discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The compound prepared by the carbonate route shows a stable capacity of 145(±3)mAhg−1 up to 100 cycles in the range 2.5–4.3V at 22mAg−1. In the range 2.5–4.4V at 22mAg−1, the compound prepared by molten salt method has a stable capacity of 135(±3)mAhg−1 up to 50 cycles and retains 96% of this value after 100 cycles. Capacity-fading is observed in all the compounds when cycled in the range 2.5–4.5V. All the compounds display a clear redox process at 3.65–4.0V that corresponds to the Ni2+/3+–Ni3+/4+ couple.
Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are becoming useful as alternate approaches to conventional techniques or as components of integrated systems. They have been used to solve complicated practical problems in various areas and are becoming more and more popular nowadays. AI-techniques have the following features: can learn from examples; are fault tolerant in the sense that they are able to handle noisy and incomplete data; are able to deal with non-linear problems; and once trained can perform prediction and generalization at high speed. AI-based systems are being developed and deployed worldwide in a myriad of applications, mainly because of their symbolic reasoning, flexibility and explanation capabilities. AI have been used and applied in different sectors, such as engineering, economics, medicine, military, marine, etc. They have also been applied for modeling, identification, optimization, prediction, forecasting, and control of complex systems. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of the AI-techniques for sizing photovoltaic (PV) systems: stand-alone PVs, grid-connected PV systems, PV-wind hybrid systems, etc. Published literature presented in this paper show the potential of AI as a design tool for the optimal sizing of PV systems. Additionally, the advantage of using an AI-based sizing of PV systems is that it provides good optimization, especially in isolated areas, where the weather data are not always available.
This paper presents findings from the Western Australian Electric Vehicle Trial (2010–2012) and the ongoing Electric vehicle (EV) charging research network in Perth. The University of Western Australia is collecting the data from eleven locally converted EVs and 23 charging stations. The data confirms most charging is conducted at business and home locations (55%), while charging stations were only used for 33% of charging events. The EV charging power over time-of-day and aggregated over all charging stations closely resembles a solar PV curve, which means that EV charging stations can ideally be offset by solar PV. Another important finding is that EVs spend significantly more time at a charging station than what is technically required for the charging process. Also on average, EVs have more than 50% battery charge remaining when they plug in. This tells us parking spaces are in higher demand than Level-2 charging facilities.
Self-organized Sn-doped TiO2 nanotubes (nts) were fabricated for the first time, by anodization of co-sputtered Ti and Sn thin films. This nanostructured material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Due to their remarkable properties, Sn-doped TiO2nts can find potential applications in Li-ion microbatteries, photovoltaics, and catalysis. Particularly, the electrochemical performance as an anode material for Li-ion microbatteries was evaluated in Li test cells. With current density of 70μAcm−2 (1C) and cut-off potential of 1V, Sn-doped TiO2nts showed improved performance compared to simple TiO2nts, and differential capacity plots revealed that the material undergoes full electrochemical reaction as a Rutile-type TiO2.
The novelty of this work is the formation and deposition of SiO2, as opposed to deposition using commercially available SiO2 powder suspension in the solution, to form ceramic coating on polypropylene (PP) separators for lithium-ion battery. The formation of SiO2 nanoparticles with uniform particle size is accomplished through direct hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), while the deposition of the formed SiO2 on PP separators was conducted in the same solution containing polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as binders and acetone as the solvent. The effects of the ceramic coating on the surface morphology, tensile strength, contact angles, electrolyte uptake, thermal shrinkage of the PP separators and the cell performances such as battery rate capability and Coulombic efficiency were investigated. The coated separators show significant reduction in thermal shrinkage and improvement in tensile strength, contact angles, electrolyte uptake and battery performance as compared to the plain PP separator.
In this paper is proposed a nonlinear control for fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor hybrid power sources (HPS) that improves the performance and durability of fuel cell. The nonlinear voltage control is analyzed and designed using a systematic approach. The design goal is to stabilize the HPS output voltage at a low voltage ripple that is also spread in a large frequencies band. All the results have been validated in several simulations. The simulation results successfully show that nonlinear voltage control performs good performances in the frequency-domain (a high spreading level of power spectrum) and in the time domain (a low level of output voltage ripple factor), too.
The oxygen content in a selection of layered rock salt phases in the system Li–Mn–Ni–O has been investigated by thermogravimetry. Phases that are oxygen-stoichiometric, such as Li2MnO3 and LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2, may lose up to 1% of their oxygen reversibly, on heating to ∼1000°C. Cation-deficient phases, such as Li2/3(Mn2/3Ni1/3)O2, however, are capable of much greater reversible oxygen loss, leading eventually to an oxygen-stoichiometric cubic rock salt phase with a cation-disordered structure. The oxygen contents of such layered rock salt phases are determined directly by their synthesis conditions and have a direct effect on the charge/discharge capacity during lithium deintercalation.