batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
C-LiFePO4 composite was synthesized by mechano-chemical activation using iron and lithium phosphates and also cellulose as carbon precursor; this mixture was heated at 800°C under argon during a short time. Long-range cyclings at different temperatures (RT, 40 and 60°C) and at C/20 rate between 2 and 4.5V vs. Li+/Li were carried out with this C-LiFePO4 material as positive electrode material in lithium cells. Whatever the cycling conditions used, rather good electrochemical performances were obtained, with a capacity close to the theoretical one and a good cycle life, especially at RT – up to 100 cycles – and at 40°C with ∼80% of the initial capacity maintained after 100 cycles. The electrodes recovered after long-range cyclings were characterized by X-ray diffraction; whatever the cycling temperature no significant structural changes (cell parameters, bond lengths, etc.) were shown to occur. Nevertheless, iron was found to be present at the negative electrode – as already observed by Amine et al. – after long-range cycling at 60°C: other analyses have to be done to identify the origin of this iron (from an impurity or from LiFePO4 itself) and to quantify this amount vs. that of active C-LiFePO4 material using larger cells.
A number of redox systems have been investigated in this work with the aim of identifying electrolytes suitable for testing redox flow battery cell designs. The criteria for the selection of suitable systems were fast electrochemical kinetics and minimal cross-contamination of active electrolytes. Possible electrolyte systems were initially selected based on cyclic voltammetry data. Selected systems were then compared by charge/discharge experiments using a simple H-type cell. The all-vanadium electrolyte system has been developed as a commercial system and was used as the starting point in this study. The performance of the all-vanadium system was significantly better than an all-chromium system which has recently been reported. Some metal–organic and organic redox systems have been reported as possible systems for redox flow batteries, with cyclic voltammetry data suggesting that they could offer near reversible kinetics. However, Ru(acac)3 in acetonitrile could only be charged efficiently to 9.5% of theoretical charge, after which irreversible side reactions occurred and [Fe(bpy)3](ClO4)2 in acetonitrile was found to exhibit poor charge/discharge performance.
In this work, a facile method has been developed to synthesize Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) coated Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 and its electrochemical properties have been optimized through tuning the LATP content and heating temperature. Electrochemical tests indicate that 3wt% LATP-coated sample (heated at 575 °C) shows the best performance with a discharge specific capacity of 264.7 mAh∙g−1 at 0.1 C in first cycle and the capacity retention of 94.3% after 80 cycles at 0.2 C. Furthermore, the voltage decay of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is restrained significantly after 3wt% LATP coating. The high structure stability of LATP is beneficial to restrain the side reactions and results in enhanced cycle performances Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows that the charge transfer impedance for Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is reduced and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient has increased significantly by more than four times after LATP-coating. The low charge transfer impedance and high ion diffusion coefficient are responsible for the better rate capability of LATP-coated Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2.
Data on the synthesis and study of the crystal structure of [Li10(Piv)10(MeCN)2]n (I) and [Li6(Piv)6(MeCN)2]n (II) are presented. According to X-ray diffraction data (CIF files CCDC nos. 1957855 (I); 1955569 (II)), compounds I and II are 1D polymers composed of deca- and hexanuclear fragments, respectively, in which the lithium atoms are linked to one another by μ3- and μ4-bridging pivalate anions.
Heavy metals in soils polluted by industrial production are a meaningful topic worldwide. The purpose of this study is to understand the pollution status and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. The result can help decision-makers apportion possible soil heavy metals sources and formulate effective pollution control policies. In this paper, 155 soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected and analyzed for eight heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Ni) from an abandoned industrial area of Tong County, located in Jiangsu Province of Eastern China. The multivariate analysis (including Igeo, Ei/RI, EF, PCA, and CA) and geostatistics (GIS) were used to assess the enrichment level and pollution level of soil heavy metals and identify their sources. The results indicated that eight heavy metals in soils had moderate variations, with CVs ranging from 19.63 to 63.34 %. The pollution level of Igeo of soil heavy metals decreased in the order of Cd~Zn > Cu > Hg~As~Pb~Cr~Ni. The enrichment level of soil heavy metals decreased in the order of Cd > Zn > Hg > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cr. According to the Ei, except Cd and Hg were in the significant and moderate ecological risk levels respectively, other soil heavy metals were in the clean or light ecological risk levels, the level of potential ecological risk (RI) of the whole industrial area was moderate. Finally, the source identification of soil heavy metals indicated that Cd and Zn were primarily controlled by human activities, and Hg and Cu were controlled by natural and anthropogenic sources, and As, Pb, Cr, and Ni were mainly controlled by soil parent materials.
Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous in applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Irrespective of the application, reliable real-time estimation of battery state of health (SOH) by on-board computers is crucial to the safe operation of the battery, ultimately safeguarding asset integrity. In this Article, we design and evaluate a machine learning pipeline for estimation of battery capacity fade—a metric of battery health—on 179 cells cycled under various conditions. The pipeline estimates battery SOH with an associated confidence interval by using two parametric and two non-parametric algorithms. Using segments of charge voltage and current curves, the pipeline engineers 30 features, performs automatic feature selection and calibrates the algorithms. When deployed on cells operated under the fast-charging protocol, the best model achieves a root-mean-squared error of 0.45%. This work provides insights into the design of scalable data-driven models for battery SOH estimation, emphasizing the value of confidence bounds around the prediction. The pipeline methodology combines experimental data with machine learning modelling and could be applied to other critical components that require real-time estimation of SOH.
This work introduces an effective, inexpensive and large-scale production route to the fabrication of a novel honeycomb-spherical Co3O4-TiO2 nanocomposite anode material for use in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The microstructure and phase composition of the Co3O4-TiO2 product were characterized systematically. The Co3O4-TiO2 nanocomposite electrode yielded fairly high reversible capacity of ∼1000mAh/g at 200mA/g after 100 cycles. Moreover, the electrode exhibited extraordinary rate ability and could regain its original specific capaities as reversing to the low current densities. Meanwhile, when being applied as anode material in full cells, it still achieved remarkably improved electrochemical performance compared with traditional graphite material. Noticeably, in-situ XRD measurement verified the conversion mechanism for the Co3O4-TiO2 electrode. The likely contributing factors to these outstanding electrochemical properties of the Co3O4-TiO2 nanocomposite could be related to the distinctive morphology including interlaced Co3O4 nanoflakes (NFs) and the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), which contains superior structural stability and allows more channels for the Li+ insertion/extraction reaction. This research shows that the as-prepared Co3O4-TiO2 nanocomposite could be suitable for use as a favorable cycle performance anode material for lithium ion batteries.
India has a large number of remote small villages and islands that lack in the electricity, and probability of connecting them with the high voltage gridlines in the near future is very poor due to financial and technical constraints. The main electrical load in these villages is domestic. In this paper a study has been presented for sustainable development of renewable energy sources to fulfill the energy demands of a remote island having a cluster of five villages. The total potential of electricity from these resources is estimated to be equivalent to 3530kWh/day whereas demand is only 2310kWh/day with an installed capacity of 450kW, which is sufficient to replace the existing power generation system dominated by diesel operated system.
As lithium-ion batteries become ubiquitous, the energy storage market is striving for better performance, longer lifetime and better safety of the devices. This race for performance is often focused on the search for new materials, whereas less effort has been dedicated to the electrode engineering. Enhancing the power density by increasing the amount of active material remains impractical since it impinges the transport of ions across the electrode during the charging and discharging processes. Here, we show that the electrochemical performance of a battery containing a thick (about 200 μm), highly loaded (about 10 mg cm−2) graphite electrode can be remarkably enhanced by fabricating anodes with an out-of-plane aligned architecture using a low external magnetic field. The lower tortuosity resulting from such a simple and scalable magnetic alignment approach leads to a specific charge up to three times higher than that of non-architectured electrodes at a rate of 1C.
During the past decades, phytochemical terpenoids, polyphenols, lignans, flavonoids, and alkaloids have been identified as antioxidative and cytoprotective agents. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a kinase that controls redox-state and oxidative stress in the cell, and serves as a key molecule regulating energy metabolism. Many phytochemicals directly or indirectly alter the AMPK pathway in distinct manners, exerting catabolic metabolism. Some of them are considered promising in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Another important kinase that regulates energy metabolism is Fyn kinase, a member of the Src family kinases that plays a role in various cellular responses such as insulin signaling, cell growth, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Phytochemical inhibition of Fyn leads to AMPK-mediated protection of the cell in association with increased antioxidative capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis. The kinases may work together to form a signaling circuitry for the homeostasis of energy conservation and expenditure, and may serve as targets of phytochemicals. This review is intended as a compilation of recent advancements in the pharmacological research of phytochemicals targeting Fyn and AMPK circuitry, providing information for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and the accompanying tissue injuries.
Great progress has been made in inorganic persistent phosphors, especially in the recent two decades, motivated by the discoveries of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+-Dy3+ in the green and Cr3+ doped spinel compounds in the deep-red to near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions. However, the physical mechanism behind this kind of “self-sustained” luminescence is still the subject of debate, and the improvement of known persistent phosphors and/or the development of new ones are still a matter of trial-and-error. In this review, starting from the introduction of longstanding histories of persistent luminescence (PersL), we provide comprehensive insights into its physical mechanism. Particular focus is put on the state-of-the-art of designing new persistent phosphors via “bandgap engineering”, based on the knowledge about trapping-detrapping mechanisms of charge carriers and energy level locations of emitting/trapping centers. Recent significant works on PersL observed in organic molecules and phosphorescence observed in inorganic phosphors are also highlighted in order to give a clear distinction between these two long-lived luminescence phenomena. Key challenges, feasible improvements and perspectives of PersL working in the ultraviolent (UV), white, red and NIR (over 1000 nm) regions together with new charging concepts by NIR or visible-light lasers are also presented. It is hoped that this review could give new inspiration for the future development of PersL in emerging applications.
Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has recently been introduced as a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity. The main challenge for the new generation of devices is to achieve desired clinical outcomes at a suitably low level of energy consumption. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of GES with continuous and intermittent duty cycles in reducing food intake and body weight in diet-induced obesity-prone rats.
To evaluate the effect of cocoa flavonoids in breast cancer cells at the molecular level, a functional genomic analysis was performed using a polyphenolic cocoa extract (PCE) in MCF-7 and SKBR3 cell lines.
Introduction The objective of this study is to determine which cognitive processes underlying spelling are most affected in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA): Logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA), Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and Nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA). Methods 23 PPA patients were administered The Johns Hopkins Dysgraphia Battery to assess spelling. Subtests evaluate for effects of word frequency, concreteness, word length, grammatical word class, lexicality (words vs pseudowords), and “regularity” by controlling for the other variables. Significant effects of each variable were identified with chi square tests. Responses on all spelling to dictation tests were scored by error type. 16 of the 23 subjects also had a high resolution MRI brain scan to identify areas of atrophy. Results We identified 4 patterns of spelling that could be explained by damage to one or more cognitive processes underlying spelling. Nine patients (3 unclassifiable, 4 with lvPPA, 2 with svPPA) had dysgraphia explicable by impaired access to lexical representations, with reliance on sublexical phonology-to-orthography conversion (POC). Two patients (with nfvPPA) showed dysgraphia explicable by impaired access to lexical representations and complete disruption of sublexical POC. Seven patients (4 with lvPPA, 1 with svPPA, 2 unclassifiable) showed dysgraphia explicable by impaired access to lexical-semantic representations and/or lexical representations with partially spared sublexical POC mechanisms. Five patients (1 with nfvPPA, 2 with svPPA, 1 with lvPPA, and 1 unclassifiable) showed dysgraphia explicable by impairment of the graphemic buffer. Conclusions Any cognitive process underlying spelling can be affected in PPA. Predominance of phonologically plausible errors, more accurate spelling of regular words than irregular words, and more accurate spelling of pseudowords than words (indicating spared POC mechanisms) may indicate a low probability of progression to nfvPPA.
Oxide-based all solid state battery (ASSB) systems require highly enhanced cell assemblies technology in the light of the sintering issue, although various inorganic-based lithium ion conductors have been proposed and attempted to be adopted in battery systems. Here, the compatibility of Li–La–(Zr–Ta)–O garnet related lithium ion conductors with ASSB systems processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is reported. Further, the challenges with respect to the material and processing are also discussed. Li7−x La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12−d processed by SPS shows a high ionic conductivity of 1.35 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 1.23 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 25 °C and 80 °C, respectively. In addition, the material also shows good structural stability, which is a critical challenge encountered in garnet structured materials treated under severe SPS process conditions. An ASSB assembled by SPS using the Li4Ti5O12–Li7−x La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12−d composite electrode shows a surface capacity of 0.2 mAh cm−2 at 80 °C. The battery shows a well-organized structure with a good lithium diffusion percolation path and the low solid contact resistance without any defects and undesirable reactions arising from the sintering method.
The main goal of this work was to determine whether the dispersion of ceramic fillers have any promotion effect on the properties of solid-like, gel-type lithium conducting polymer electrolytes. Using a series of different but complementary techniques, which included SEM analysis, voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the dispersion of surface functionalized fumed silica and alumina, respectively, to PVdF–carbonate solvent–lithium salt systems, while not greatly influencing the transport properties, does stabilize the lithium metal interface and the mechanical properties of the resulting composite GPE electrolytes. The relevance of these features in view of practical application is here demonstrated by the response of lithium batteries based on selected GPEs.
Harvesting ambient mechanical energy at the nanometer scale holds great promises for powering small electronics and achieving self-powered electronic devices. The self-powering capability allows electronic device packages to exclude bulky energy storage components and makes possible forgoing the inclusion of bulky battery components. Recent development of nanogenerators (NGs) has demonstrated a possible solution for the design of self-sufficient power source that directly draws energy from ambient mechanical resources. Piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) are the building blocks of NGs. In this review paper, theoretical calculations and experimental characterization methods for predicting or determining the piezoelectric potential output of NWs are reviewed first. Representative models of NGs are then discussed for harvesting mechanical energy from high-frequency acoustic waves and low-frequency vibrations/frictions. A numerical calculation is also presented to estimate the energy output from NW-based NGs. A potential practical application of NGs for harvesting energy from respiration is shown using piezoelectric polymer thin films. At the end, perspectives of the NG concept are discussed. The nanometer-scale piezoelectric and mechanical properties, the piezotronic effect, and large-scale manufacturing capability are suggested to be the essential aspects that would eventually lead the promising NG concept to a practical power source.
When designing a lead acid battery, there are many factors to consider in order to obtain the best compromise of cost, performance, and ease of manufacturability. We use a modeling approach to study some of the key factors which affect the amount of active material which can be utilized during a low rate discharge. We investigate the effects of pellet size, pellet geometry, disconnected grid mesh borders, and inert paste additives. Furthermore, we look at how the internal path length resistance within a pellet is dependent on those features. Our findings correlate well with earlier works, and help to explain some of the previously observed phenomenon. It is observed that utilization is indeed affected by pellet size, but small grid mesh sizes on the order of ∼4 mm edge lengths are necessary in order to realize a significant benefit. Utilization is presented as a function of pellet size, aspect ratio of the pellets, and the loading level of the inert additives in the pellets up to ten percent by volume.
Studies suggest that a functional polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met) may mediate hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. A few studies have reported its role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia including its association with peripheral BDNF levels as a mediator of these cognitive deficits. We assessed 657 schizophrenic inpatients and 445 healthy controls on the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS), the presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and serum BDNF levels. We assessed patient psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We showed that visuospatial/constructional abilities significantly differed by genotype but not genotype × diagnosis, and the Val allele was associated with better visuospatial/constructional performance in both schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Attention performance showed a significant genotype by diagnosis effect. Met allele-associated attention impairment was specific to schizophrenic patients and not shown in healthy controls. In the patient group, partial correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF and the RBANS total score. Furthermore, the RBANS total score showed a statistically significant BDNF level × genotype interaction. We demonstrated an association between the BDNF Met variant and poor visuospatial/constructional performance. Furthermore, the BDNF Met variant may be specific to attentional decrements in schizophrenic patients. The association between decreased BDNF serum levels and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is dependent on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are primarily limited by the distance they can travel, charge time and cost. Here we report a catalyst-free, high-performance zinc–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell that consists of a redox flow cell with the respective redox couple at the anode (V(II)/V(III)) and cathode (V(IV)/V(V)) regenerated by the fuel (zinc) and the oxidant (hydrogen peroxide). Unlike batteries that have low capacities and need to be frequently charged, the present fuel cell enables future vehicles to travel farther distances on one charge and almost instantaneous charge time. More importantly, it is demonstrated that this novel fuel cell exhibits an extraordinarily high peak power density of 1192 mW cm−2 at 60 °C, a performance which is about five times higher than that of state-of-the-art conventional fuel cells of the kind (265 mW cm−2). Another striking feature of the present fuel cell is that it does not require catalysts, allowing the power pack to be both cost-effective and durable. These important features make the present fuel cell a promising post lithium-ion technology, opening a sustainable way to propel next-generation vehicles.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared by an improved solid-state reaction at high heating and cooling rates, the mixed precursors were initially heated up to 900°C, then directly cooled down to 600°C and heated for 24h in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has cubic spinel structure; scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image shows that the particle size is about 0.2μm together with homogenous distribution. Electrochemical measurements show that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders delivered up to 143mAhg−1 with superior cycling performance at the rate of 5/7C.
The presented paper shows a possibility of creation of a useful and efficient model of conductivity for composite polymeric electrolytes. It deals with a more elaborate and versatile mesoscale approach (in comparison to the already applied Effective Medium Theory approach for which each new composite microstructure forces a new mixing rule development) based on the Random Resistor Network method. The introduced model can predict the ac conductivity values for a whole spectrum of frequencies for different composites with a wide range of possible microstructures. It is based on complex current iteration procedure for a randomly generated three-dimensional network of impedances constituting a digital image of the electric properties of the virtual sample studied. A spatial unit of the material present in the sample is defined as a parallel RC connection.