batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A nano-MoO3/C composite was synthesized using the electrospinning method. Thermal analysis was used to determine the carbon content in the composite. The MoO3/C composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the particle size and shape of the MoO3/C composite were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the MoO3/C composite takes on the morphology of nanofibers, with the diameters of the nanofibers ranging from 50 to 200nm. The nanofibers are composed of amorphous nano-MoO3 and carbon, with the carbon content in the composite about 42% and the MoO3 content about 58%. The electrochemical properties of the MoO3/C composite were also investigated. The MoO3/C composite nanofiber electrodes exhibited both high reversible capacity and good cycling performance when cycled at room temperature in a 3.0–0.01V potential (vs Li/Li+) window at current density of 40mAg−1. The MoO3/C composite retained a discharge capacity of 710mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. When the load current density was increased to 800mAg−1, the MoO3/C composite still retained a discharge capacity of 300mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The reasons for the outstanding electrochemical properties of the MoO3/C composite are also discussed.
Hyperbranched network-based gel copolymer electrolytes are synthesized by in situ free radical polymerization. This research is separated into two parts: the first is an investigation of modified bismaleimide oligomer (MBMI) as a free volume additive, and the second investigates the salt concentration effect on high power application. A polymer electrolyte with MBMI additive provided more free volume space, and the ionic conductivity of gel copolymer electrolytes was measured as a function of the salt concentration of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6). The highest ionic conductivity and the lowest activation energy of hyperbranched-network gel copolymer electrolytes were determined to be 7.72×10−3 S/cm at 23°C and 5.41kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the MBMI additive and the optimal concentration of lithium salt increased the free space for carrier ions and contributed to increasing capacity and working voltage at a high rate discharge (8C). The reliability and cycling ability of lithium polymer batteries are as good as lithium ion batteries for potential electric vehicle (EV) application.
The function of supply chain management is to design and manage the processes, assets, and flows of material and information required to satisfy customers’ demands. The globalization of economy and electronic commerce has heightened the strategic importance of supply chain management and created new opportunities for using supply chain strategy and planning as a competitive tool. E-logistics has not only created new distribution channels for consumers but also revolutionized the industrial marketplace by facilitating inter-firm communication and collaboration, and by creating efficient markets through trading communities. Moreover, combination of enterprise information infrastructure and the Internet has paved the way for a variety of supply chain and logistics optimization technologies.
Samples of LiCo0.8Mn0.2O2 were synthesized by a wet-chemical method using citric acid as a chelating agent, and were characterized by various physical techniques. Powders adopted the α-NaFeO2 layered structure and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and regarding their magnetic properties. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed particles with a mean size of 100nm. Partial chemical delithiation was carried out by using an oxidizing agent. We observe that the material has ability to free lithium ions from its structure by this chemical process, which is analogous to the first step of the charge transfer process in an electrochemical cell. The rate of delithiation is determined independently by magnetic measurements and by the Rietveld refinement of the XRD spectra. Both the concentration of Mn3+–Mn4+ pairs and that of Mn4+–Mn4+ pairs formed in the delithiation process have been determined, together with that of the Mn3+–Mn3+ pairs. It shows that magnetic measurements are able to probe the distribution of Mn3+ and Mn4+ with more details than other techniques. The results are consistent with FTIR spectra, and indicate a random distribution of the Li ions that are removed from the matrix upon delithiation, which then undergo a diffusion process. Testing the material as cathode in lithium batteries revealed about 170mAhg−1 capacity, with a lower polarization and a high columbic efficiency, emphasizing the possibility of using this material as a cathode in Li-ion batteries.
Facial affect processing (FAP) deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have been widely reported; although effect sizes vary across studies, and there are limited direct comparisons of the two groups. Further, there is debate as to the influence of both psychotic and mood symptoms on FAP. This study aimed to address these limitations by recruiting groups of psychosis patients with either a diagnosis of SZ or BD and comparing them to healthy controls (HC) on a well validated battery of four FAP subtests: affect discrimination, name affect, select affect and match affect. Overall, both groups performed more poorly than controls in terms of accuracy. In SZ, this was largely driven by impairments on three of the four subtests. The BD patients showed impaired performance specifically on the match affect subtest, a task that had a high cognitive load. FAP performance in the psychosis patients was correlated with severity of positive symptoms and mania. This study confirmed that FAP deficits are a consistent finding in SZ that occur independent of task specific methodology; whilst FAP deficits in BD are more subtle. Further work in this group is needed to replicate these results.
In situ preparation of carbon nanotubes on the surface of spherical graphite particles is made by chemical vapor deposition, resulting in an “urchin-like” hybrid material. TEM and SEM images show that carbon nanotubes are herringbone with turbulent layered structure, less than 100nm in diameter and several micrometers in length in the average. The hybrid's use as an anode material in lithium ion batteries is examined using constant current charge–discharge tests, which prove that carbon nanotubes oriented on the surface effectively improve the reversible capacity. Cyclic voltammogram shows that there is no cathodic peak for the reaction of the Fe catalyst with Li+ in the charge-charge process in 0.0–1.6V vs. Li/Li+ potential range.
To examine the association between food groups consumption and vitamin B6, folate and B12 intakes and biomarkers in adolescents.
Solar energy can bring a number of electric services to the user but also puts up a number of limitations in terms of usage. The design of the system will affect the output from the system as well as the technical life. This article is based on a case-study of a photovoltaic-Energy Service Company (PV–ESCO) project company in Lundazi, Zambia. The solar technology has enabled clients to improve light quality in their houses or shops, which is the most valued benefit according to clients. Clients to the ESCO have acquired a number of electric appliances since they received the service. Radio cassette players are commonly found in households both with and without solar services, while TV sets has been acquired first after they have received this service. To the clients the solar services have resulted in an improvement of the living standards. Energy use and charge was logged during a six-month period. Average usage range from 10 to 14Ah/day. The load is concentrated to mornings and evenings, but the possibility to access energy services, such as light during the night, is appreciated by the clients. The average energy output from the solar module is 14.5Ah/day. Increased panel effect, change of the cutting points of the regulator and improve the users knowledge on proper operation of the system are options to tackle the situation of increased loads put on the system.
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of physical and social stress on the avian forebrain morphology. Therefore, we used laying hens kept in different housing systems from puberty (approximately 16 weeks old) until the age of 48 weeks: battery cages, small littered ground pen, and free range system. Cell body sizes and catecholaminergic and serotonergic innervation patterns were investigated in brain areas expected to be sensitive to differences in environmental stimulation: hippocampal substructures and the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a functional analogue of the prefrontal cortex. Our analysis shows both structures differing in the affected morphological parameters. Compared to battery cage hens, hens in the free range system developed larger cells in the dorsomedial hippocampus. Only these animals exhibited an asymmetry in the tyrosine hydroxylase density with more fibres in the left dorsomedial hippocampus. We assume that the higher spatial complexity of the free range system is the driving force of these changes. In contrast, in the NCL the housing systems affected only the serotonergic innervation pattern with highest fibre densities in free range hens. Moreover hens of the free range system displayed the worst plumage condition, which most likely is caused by feather pecking causing an altered serotonergic innervation pattern. Considering the remarkable differences between the three housing conditions, their effects on hippocampal structures and the NCL were surprisingly mild. This observation suggests that the adult brain of laying hens displays limited sensitivity to differences in social and physical environment induced post-puberty, which warrants further studies.
Purpose To evaluate the treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions (RCE) with superficial keratectomy using the Amoils epithelial scrubber (AES). Setting Muncie Eye Center, Muncie, Indiana, USA. Methods This study was a retrospective consecutive case series comprising 23 patients (26 eyes) who had superficial keratectomy for RCE using the AES between September 1997 and May 2003 at a private tertiary-care center. The preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), slitlamp findings, and postoperative incidence of RCE were studied. Results During a mean telephone survey follow-up of 21.2 months ± 20.5 (SD) (range 1.4 to 71.3 months), 20 patients (23 eyes, 88%) reported no further RCE symptoms. The BCVA improved or stayed the same in 25 eyes (96%). No significant complications were found. Conclusion Superficial keratectomy using the AES appears to be safe and effective for treating recalcitrant RCE.
The Climate Action Plan (CAP) experience started a few years ago with the aim to manage carbon and energy more efficiently. CAP is a roadmap to get Universities to the goals of climate protection, defining a carbon footprint, identifying priority actions, milestones to measure progresss and target dates, raising funding opportunities. The methodological approach for the realization of a Low Emission Campus through the implementation of a CAP at the South East European University (SEEU) in Tetovo (Macedonia) foresees the analysis of the current energy consumptions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the integrated planning for the implementation of carbon friendly measures. CAP provides the cost-benefit analysis of the most suitable projects and associated yearly and cumulative GHG reductions, and defines the schedule for their gradual implementation. The Climate Action Planning process represents a valuable learning opportunity for the whole SEEU campus community, especially for students, providing additional opportunities for educational and research activities.
Rees PM. Contemporary issues in mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1885–94. Objectives To determine (1) minimum criteria in adults for clinical diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and (2) whether persistent postconcussive syndrome exists as a nosologic entity. Data sources PubMed search by MEDLINE of head injuries from January 1977 to July 2002. Study selection All reviews and studies of mild TBI with special reference to those on persistent postconcussive syndrome having a general trauma cohort as a control comparison. Data extraction Review of design and other methodologic issues. Studies dependent on superior strength of evidence (as defined by the American Academy of Neurology) concerning the biologic nature of persistent postconcussive syndrome. Data synthesis A period of altered awareness with amnesia brought on by a direct craniofacial blow is the starting point in determining whether diffuse mild TBI has occurred. An amnestic scale is more helpful than Glasgow Coma Scale score in grading mild injury and in formulating minimum inclusion criteria for mild TBI. Neuropsychologic test results coupled with self-reported symptoms should not be taken as the primary source of evidence for mild TBI. Prolonged cognitive impairment after injury is not unique to brain trauma. Conclusions Persistent postconcussive syndrome after mild brain trauma, uncomplicated by focal injury, is biologically inseparable from other examples of the posttraumatic syndrome. To account for the persistent cognitive and behavioral sequelae of posttraumatic states, including persistent postconcussive syndrome, we need further studies on the emerging concept of limbic neuronal attrition occurring as a maladaptive response to pain and stress.
The carbon emissions trading market has created a need for standard methods for the determination of biogenic content (χ B) in solid recovered fuels (SRF). We compare the manual sorting (MSM) and selective dissolution methods (SDM), as amended by recent research, for a range of process streams from a mechanical–biological treatment (MBT) plant. The two methods provide statistically different biogenic content values, as expressed on a dry mass basis, uncorrected for ash content. However, they correlate well (r 2 >0.9) and the relative difference between them was <5% for χ B between 21% w/wd and 72% w/wd (uncorrected for ash content). This range includes the average SRF biogenic content of ca. 68% w/wd. Methodological improvements are discussed in light of recent studies. The repeatability of the SDM is characterised by relative standard deviations on triplicates of <2.5% for the studied population.
Concentration-gradient layered Li[Ni0.8Co0.2]0.7[Ni0.2Mn0.8]0.3O2 oxide with Ni-rich in the core and Mn-rich in the surface region has been synthesized through a condition-controlled tank reactor reaction. While the Ni-rich core facilitates high capacity, the Mn-rich surface enables good cyclability and thermal stability. The concentration-gradient sample exhibits a higher capacity of 204mAhg−1 at C/5 rate with superior cyclability and thermal stability compared to the constant-concentration LiNi0.62Co0.14Mn0.24O2 sample, which has the same net Ni, Co, and Mn contents as those present in the concentration-gradient sample. The concentration-gradient sample was also coated with a thin layer of Al2O3 on the surface to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface and thereby further improve the electrochemical performance. Both the structural (gradient structure) and surface (Al2O3 coating) modifications help suppress side reactions between electrode and electrolyte and reduce the decline in voltage during cycling. The Al2O3-coated concentration-gradient sample exhibits improved long-term cyclability, rate capability, and thermal stability compared to the pristine uncoated sample.
Silicon (Si) is one of the most promising candidates to replace graphite anodes in the next generation of Li ion batteries. Although various approaches have been adopted to improve the performance of Si-based anodes over the last few years, a main challenge in the practical application of Si-based anodes, i.e., the thickness swelling of a Si based anode, has been much less investigated. Here, we use a porous Si/C–graphite electrode as an example to elucidate the design principle for stable Si anodes of controlled thickness swelling. Excellent agreement between the theoretical design and experimental data was demonstrated. The practical electrode (∼3 mA h cm−2 loading) with a specific capacity of ∼650 mA h g−1 has ∼82% capacity retention over 450 cycles. The initial electrode swelling upon full lithiation is <20%. The calendered electrodes demonstrated ∼56% end-of-life swelling and ∼90% capacity retention after 200 cycles. The full-cell of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 and the pre-lithiated anode demonstrates >84% capacity retention over 300 cycles.
The performance of different concentrations of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in propylene carbonate (PC) on a binder free (BF) graphite electrode has been investigated. Variation in the salt concentration results in a change in the reduction reactions at the electrode interface and the reversible cycling of the cell. Continuous electrolyte reduction is observed at low salt concentrations while reversible lithiation/delithiation is observed at high salt concentrations. Ex-situ surface analysis of the cycled electrodes has been conducted via infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (IR-ATR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ex-situ surface analysis suggests that changes in the cycling performance correlate with changes in the composition of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of binder free (BF) graphite electrode. The improved cycling performance correlates with an increase in the LiF content of the SEI.
Porous polyaniline (PANI) is prepared by using sodium dodecylsulfate as a soft template and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. Transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms suggest the existence of both macro/mesopores and micropores, and the specific surface area of 211m2 g−1. As a result of its porous structure, the porous PANI exhibits highly enhanced utilization ratio during the charge–discharge cycles. This porous PANI also displays high cycle stability and rate capability.
Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. While cognitive features of common comorbid conditions such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder have been widely investigated, the cognitive profile of TS patients remains to be precisely defined. In this regard, the executive functions system (EF) is of especial interest. Aims The aim of the study was to delineate the various components of executive processes in adult TS patients. Methods A sample of 19 adults diagnosed with TS and 19 age-matched control subjects underwent computerized battery of executive tasks, as well as block design and memory tests. All patients received a thorough clinical assessment with an emphasis on illness severity. Results There was a marked impairment in response inhibition ability regardless of comorbid conditions, In addition, there was decreased accuracy in set shifting, but not in response time. These results imply that impaired response inhibition in the EF system is the primary cognitive impairment in TS and that many of the previously reported impaired executive functions in TS are secondary to this impairment. Conclusions This finding of impaired response inhibition in TS may imply that rehabilitation of this inhibition component could prove to be an important therapeutic strategy in adults with TS.
Sulfur is an attractive cathode material in energy storage devices since its high theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh g−1. However, practical application of lithium sulfur (Li–S) batteries can be achieved only when the major barriers, including the insulating nature of element sulfur and shuttling effect of polysulfides (Li2Sx, x = 3–8), are tackled. Here, nitrogen, sulfur-codoped (N,S-codoped) sponge-like graphene, which presents a high reversible capacity, is used as electroactive interlayer for Li–S batteries to address these issues. An impressive high capacity of 2193.2 mAh g−1 can be obtained for the sulfur cathodes with such an interlayer at the rate of 0.2C, and it can be stably maintained at 829.4 mAh g−1 at the rate of 6C, for which the contribution from the electroactive interlayer is ca. 30.0%. High energy density of 418.5 Wh Kg−1 still can be released at the power density of 4.55 kW kg−1 (6C) based on the total mass of the sulfur cathode and interlayer for the assembled Li–S batteries.
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of nanometer SnO anodes at different charge/discharge states in lithium rechargeable batteries were recorded. Solvent decomposition reaction that generally presents on the surface of carbon or alkali metal is also presented on SnO anode. The surface film is composed of Li2CO3 and ROCO2Li. In addition, FTIR data indicates that absorption bands of ROCO2Li are changed below 0.7V, which is believed to be related to the change of the surface layer of SnO anode around 0.7V versus Li/Li+ during the first discharge process.
Membrane electrode assemblies for regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells were made by hot pressing and sputtering. The different MEAs are examined in fuel cell and water electrolysis mode at different pressure and temperature conditions. Polarisation curves and ac impedance spectra are used to investigate the influence of the changes in coating technique. The hydrogen gas permeation through the membrane is determined by analysing the produced oxygen in electrolysis mode. The analysis shows, that better performances in both process directions can be achieved with an additional layer of sputtered platinum on the oxygen electrode. Thus, the electrochemical round-trip efficiency can be improved by more than 4%. Treating the oxygen electrode with PTFE solution shows better performance in fuel cell and less performance in electrolysis mode. The increase of the round-trip efficiency is negligible. A layer sputtered directly on the membrane shows good impermeability, and hence results in high voltages at low current densities. The mass transportation is apparently constricted. The gas diffusion layer on the oxygen electrode, in this case a titanium foam, leads to flooding of the cell in fuel cell mode. Stable operation is achieved after pretreatment of the GDL with a PTFE solution.
The paper focuses on the possibilities of generating electrical energy by means of on-grid PV solar systems of 1kW in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The paper proceeds to tackle with the legislative concerning renewable sources of energy and current state of the use of PV systems in the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, climate conditions and energy potential of the renewable sources in the Republic of Srpska. Based on PVGIS program, the results of calculation of the yearly average values of the optimal panel inclination, solar irradiation on the horizontal, vertical and optimally inclined plane, ratio of diffuse to global solar irradiation, linke turbidity, average daytime temperature and 24h average of temperature for 13 cities in the Republic of Srpska are given. Total for year sum of global irradiation per square meter received by the modules of the optimally inclined fixed PV solar plants of 1kW, optimally inclined one-axis and dual-axis tracking PV solar plants of 1kW, and total for year electricity production of different types of PV solar plant of 1kW for 13 cities in the Republic of Srpska, obtained by PVGIS are given. Comparison of the total for year electricity production of different types of PV solar plant of 1kW with monocrystaline silicon, CdTe and CIS solar modules, respective, to 13 cities in the Republic of Srpska are given. Calculations performed by PVGIS program have shown that irrespectable of the type of PV solar plants, most electrical energy in the Republic of Srpska can be generated by means of PV solar plants with CdTe solar cells. Some practical data and considerations given in this paper can be used by a customer or company keen to invest in the PV sector in the Republic of Srpska.