batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and psychosis is ubiquitous and acknowledged as a core feature of clinical expression, pathophysiology, and prediction of functioning. However, assessment of cognitive functioning is excessively time-consuming in routine practice, and brief cognitive instruments specific to psychosis would be of value. Two screening tools have recently been created to address this issue, i.e., the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS) and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP). The aim of this research was to examine the comparative validity of these two brief instruments in relation to a global cognitive score. 161 patients with psychosis (96 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 65 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder) and 76 healthy control subjects were tested with both instruments to examine their concurrent validity relative to a more comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. Scores from the B-CATS and the SCIP were highly correlated in the three diagnostic groups, and both scales showed good to excellent concurrent validity relative to a Global Cognitive Composite Score (GCCS) derived from the more comprehensive examination. The SCIP-S showed better predictive value of global cognitive impairment than the B-CATS. Partial and semi-partial correlations showed slightly higher percentages of both shared and unique variance between the SCIP-S and the GCCS than between the B-CATS and the GCCS. Brief instruments for assessing cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, such as the SCIP-S and B-CATS, seem to be reliable and promising tools for use in routine clinical practice.
A silicon thin-film electrode (thickness=200nm) is prepared by E-beam evaporation and deposition on copper foil. The electrochemical performance of a lithium/silicon thin-film cell is investigated in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/1.3M LiPF6 with and without 3wt.% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The addition of FEC remarkably improves discharge capacity retention and coulombic efficiency. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the surface of the silicon thin-film electrode after cycling are studied through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. A smoother and more stable SEI layer structure is generated by the introduction of the FEC additive to the electrolyte.
A window-based battery parameter identification method can directly apply the historical battery operating data to observe the battery parameters and running states. However, the design principles of a parameter identification window remain unclear. In this study, two factors that affect the performance of a battery parameter identification algorithm are considered: characteristics of the parameter identification window and action mechanism of the historical data. Our aim is to understand the effects of the historical data application methods on the algorithm performance, including three perspectives: (1) the effect of a slow dynamic fluctuation in the parameter identification window on the battery identification results, (2) the effect of the parameter identification window length on the identification results, and (3) the difference in demand for the fractional- and integer-order equivalent circuit model for the parameter identification window. The battery parameters and states are simultaneously identified based on the coevolutionary particle-swarm optimization algorithm. A comparison of the results shows that the combination of a fractional-order equivalent circuit model and a linear approximation method can achieve more stable and consistent identification results. In addition, a linear approximation method has an advantage in terms of ensuring stationarity of the identification results.
The 80SnS·20P2S5 (mol%) amorphous material was prepared by a mechanical milling technique. The obtained material was fine powders with a few micrometers in size. All-solid-state cells with the SnS–P2S5 amorphous electrode and the Li2S–P2S5 glass-ceramic electrolyte, where a continuous P2S5 sulfide network between both the materials was formed, were fabricated. The cells exhibited high reversible capacity of over 400mAhg−1 for 50 cycles at room temperature. The addition of P2S5 as a glass former to SnS improved cell capacity and cyclability, suggesting that P2S5 network played an important role in enhancing the availability of SnS as an electrode material.
Ultrathin molybdenum diselenide nanosheets are decorated on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) via a one-step hydrothermal method. Uniform MoSe2 nanosheets are firmly anchored on MWCNT according to the characterizations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). When evaluated as anodes for sodium storage, the MoSe2@MWCNT composites deliver a reversible specific capacity of 459 mAh g−1 at a current of 200 mA g−1 over 90 cycles, and a specific capacity of 385 mAh g−1 even at a current rate of 2000 mAh g−1, which is better than the MoSe2 nanosheets. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the MoSe2@MWCNT composites can be ascribed to the synergic effects of MoSe2 nanosheets and MWCNT. The high capacity and good rate performance reveal that the MoSe2@MWCNT composites are very promising for applications in sodium-ion batteries.
This paper proposes a methodology and approach to understand battery performance and life through driving cycle and duty cycle analyses from electric and hybrid vehicle (EHV) operation in real-world situations. Conducting driving cycle analysis with trip data collected from EHV operation in real life is very difficult and challenging. In fact, no comprehensive approach has been accepted to date, except those using standard driving cycles on a dynamometer or a track. Similarly, analyzing duty cycle performance of a battery under real-life operation faces the same challenge. A successful driving cycle analysis, however, can significantly enhance our understanding of EHV performance in real-life driving. Likewise, we also expect similar results through duty cycle analysis for batteries. Since 1995, we have been developing tools to analyze EHV and power source performance. In particular, we were able to collect data from a fleet of 15 Hyundai Santa Fe electric sports utility vehicles (e-SUVs) operated on Oahu, Hawaii; from July 2001 to June 2003 to allow driving and duty cycle analyses in order to understand battery pack performance from a variety of EHV operating conditions. We thus developed a comprehensive approach that comprises fuzzy logic pattern recognition (FL-PR) techniques to perform driving and duty cycle analyses. This approach has been successfully applied to EHV performance analysis via the creation of a compositional driving profile called “driving cycle profile” (DrCP) for each trip. The same approach was used to analyze battery performance via the construction of “duty cycle profile” (DuCP) to express battery usage under various operating conditions. The combination of the two analyses enables us to understand both the usage profile of EHV and battery performance in synergetic details and in a systematic manner using a pattern recognition technique.
Herein we present a study on the physical/chemical properties of a new Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) based on N-methylacetamide (MAc) and lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (LiTFSI). Due to its interesting properties, such as wide liquid-phase range from −60°C to 280°C, low vapor pressure, and high ionic conductivity up to 28.4mScm−1 at 150°C and at x LiTFSI =1/4, this solution can be practically used as electrolyte for electrochemical storage systems such as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and/or lithium ion batteries (LiBs). Firstly, relationships between its transport properties (conductivity and viscosity) as a function of composition and temperature were discussed through Arrhenius’ Law and Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher (VTF) equations, as well as by using the Walden classification. From this investigation, it appears that this complex electrolyte possesses a number of excellent transport properties, like a superionic character for example. Based on which, we then evaluated its electrochemical performances as electrolyte for EDLCs and LiBs applications by using activated carbon (AC) and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) electrodes, respectively. These results demonstrate that this electrolyte has a good compatibility with both electrodes (AC and LiFePO4) in each testing cell driven also by excellent electrochemical properties in specific capacitance, rate and cycling performances, indicating that the LiTFSI/MAc DES can be a promising electrolyte for EDLCs and LiBs applications especially for those requiring high safety and stability.
Objectives Internationally, children's movement competence levels are low. This study's aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 16 week gymnastics curriculum on stability, locomotive and object control skills and general body coordination. It was hypothesised that the gymnastics intervention group would demonstrate significant improvements beyond a PE comparison group. Design This study used a non-randomised control design. The intervention and comparison groups were drawn from three primary schools. The study followed the transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs (TREND) statement for reporting. Methods A total of 333 children (51% girls, 41% intervention) with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD =1.1) participated. Intervention children (16 weeks×2h of gymnastics) were compared to children who received (16×2h) standard PE curriculum. Children's movement competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, Stability Skills Assessment and the Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder. Multilevel linear mixed models, accounting for variation at the class level and adjusted for age and sex, were used to assess intervention relative to comparison differences in all aspects of movement competence. Results Stability and object control skills showed a significant (p <0.05) intervention×time interaction effect. No difference was found in locomotor skills or general coordination. Conclusions Gymnastics is effective at developing stability skills and object control skills without hindering the development of locomotor skills or general coordination. Accelerated learning of stability skills may support the development of more complex movement skills.
In this study, two types of patterned (wholly and selectively covered) Si film electrodes containing trench-structured Cu current collectors are proposed for use in thin-film Li-ion batteries. The proposed electrodes are fabricated using a standard laser printer and electrochemical etching. The formation of the trench structure in the Si film electrodes results in improved electrochemical performance compared to conventional continuous Si film electrodes. The wholly covered Si film (WCS) electrode exhibits an 18.5% increase in capacity compared to the continuous Si film electrode. The selectively covered Si film (SCS) electrode, which is covered by Si film only at the bottom of the trenches, exhibits better electrochemical performance than the WCS electrode. An SCS electrode with a trench width of 45μm and trench height of 14.3μm exhibits the best electrochemical properties in terms of efficiency (85% in the first cycle) and cycle performance (60% capacity retention after 100 cycles).
Research to date has proposed four main variables involved in reading development: phonological awareness, naming speed, orthographic knowledge, and morphological awareness. Although each of these variables has been examined in the context of one or two of the other variables, this study examines all four factors together to assess their unique contribution to reading. A sample of children in Grades 4, 6, and 8 (ages 10, 12, and 14 years) completed a battery of tests that included at least one measure of each of the four variables and two measures of reading accuracy. Phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, and morphological awareness each contributed uniquely to real word and pseudoword reading beyond the other variables, whereas naming speed did not survive these stringent controls. The results support the sustained importance of these three skills in reading by older readers.
It is increasingly accepted that survival alone is an inadequate measure of the success of childhood brain tumour treatments. Consequently, there is growing emphasis on capturing quality of survival. Ependymomas are the third most frequently occurring brain tumours in childhood and present significant clinical challenges. European Society of Paediatric Oncology Ependymoma II is a comprehensive international program aiming to evaluate outcomes under different treatment regimens and improve diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, there has been agreement to lower the age at which children with posterior fossa ependymoma undergo focal irradiation from three years to either eighteen months or one year of age. Hitherto radiotherapy in Europe had been reserved for children over three years due to concerns over adverse cognitive outcomes following irradiation of the developing brain. There is therefore a duty of care to include longitudinal cognitive follow-up and this has been agreed as an essential trial outcome. Discussions between representatives of 18 participating European countries over 10 years have yielded European consensus for an internationally accepted test battery for follow-up of childhood ependymoma survivors. The ‘Core-Plus’ model incorporates a two-tier approach to assessment by specifying core tests to establish a minimum dataset where resources are limited, whilst maintaining scope for comprehensive assessment where feasible. The challenges leading to the development of the Core-Plus model are presented alongside learning from the initial stages of the trial. We propose that this model could provide a solution for future international trials addressing both childhood brain tumours and other conditions associated with cognitive morbidity.
WO3 hollow nanosphere is reported using polymeric micelle with core–shell–corona architecture. Poly(styrene-b-[3-(methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride-b-ethylene oxide) micelles (PS-PMAPTAC-PEO) with cationic shell block facilitates the self-assembly of hollow particles through electrostatic interaction with anionic WO4 2− precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of pure WO3 with hexagonal lattice-structure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of WO3 has confirmed the hollow structure with average outer diameter of 42±2; the hollow cavity diameter was found to be 21±1nm. The WO3 hollow nanospheres were investigated as anode materials for lithium ion battery. The nanostructured electrode delivers high initial discharge capacity of 1054mAhg−1 at a charge/discharge 0.2C. Interestingly, the hollow particles based electrodes maintain the structural integrity even after been subjected to high current density 2000Ag−1 and electrode stability.
Acceptance and mindfulness components are increasingly incorporated into treatment for eating disorders with promising results. The development of measures of proposed change processes would facilitate ongoing scientific progress. The current series of studies evaluated one such instrument, the Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ), which was designed to measure body image flexibility. Study one focused on the generation and reduction of items for the BI-AAQ and a demonstration of construct validity. Body image flexibility was associated with increased psychological flexibility, decreased body image dissatisfaction, and less disordered eating. Study two demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability of BI-AAQ. Study three extended findings related to structural and construct validity, and demonstrated an indirect effect of body image dissatisfaction on disordered eating via body image flexibility. Research and clinical utility of the BI-AAQ are discussed. The BI-AAQ is proposed as a measure of body image flexibility, a potential change process in acceptance-oriented treatments of eating disorders.
A quantitative phase analysis was made of Li x CoO2 powders obtained by two distinct chemical methodologies at different temperatures (from 400 to 700°C). A phase analysis was made using Rietveld refinements based on X-ray diffraction data, considering the Li x CoO2 powders as a multiphase system that simultaneously contained two main phases with distinct, layered and spinel-type structures. The results showed the coexistence of both structures in Li x CoO2 obtained at low temperature (400 and 500°C), although only the layered structure was detected at higher temperatures (600 and 700°C), regardless of the chemical powder process employed. The electrochemical performance, evaluated mainly by the cycling reversibility of Li x CoO2 in the form of cathode insertion electrodes, revealed that there is a close correlation between structural features and the electrochemical response, with one of the redox processes (3.3v/3.9v) associated only with the presence of the spinel-type structure.
The solvation structure of several lithium and sodium based electrolytes are explored as a function of salt concentration over a wide range via a detailed PM7 computational study. The cation coordination shells are found to be well-defined and solvent rich for dilute electrolytes, while disordered and anion rich for the more concentrated electrolytes. The Na-based electrolytes display larger cation coordination shells with a more pronounced presence of fluorine as compared to the Li-based electrolytes. The origins of the structural differences are discussed as well as their consequences for properties of battery electrolytes and battery usage–especially targeting the current large interest in highly concentrated electrolytes.
Introduction Studies have shown higher rates of psychopathology and cognitive difficulties among relatives of schizophrenia patients than among the general population. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in children and adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Methods Participants were 26 children and adolescent first-degree relatives of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia (high-risk [HR] group) and 20 controls whose parents and siblings did not meet DSM-IV criteria for any psychotic disorder. These two groups were matched by age, sex and socio-economic status and clinical and neuropsychological assessments were completed by all participants. Results Among HR children 42.3% were diagnosed with one or more DSM-IV axis I psychiatric disorders. The most common diagnoses were attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (34.6%) and generalized anxiety disorder (3.8%) There were significant differences between HR children and controls with respect to prodromal symptoms, behavioral problems and premorbid adjustment, as well as on the majority of intelligence subscales, working memory and logical memory. When differences between HR with ADD (HR-ADD), HR without ADD (HR-NADD) and controls were analyzed, significantly higher scores on clinical scales of prodromal symptoms, behavioral problems and premorbid adjustment were found in HR-ADD than in HR-NADD or controls. There were no significant differences in cognitive domains between HR-ADD and HR-NADD, but there were between HR-ADD and controls and between HR-NADD and controls on the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index and GAI. Conclusions Compared to controls, HR children showed more clinical symptoms and cognitive abnormalities. HR children with ADD had worse clinical symptoms than did HR without ADD, although there were no differences in terms of cognitive abnormalities. Both HR groups seem to have similar deficits in neuropsychological performance.
The ramified growth of lithium dendrites and their enormous volume change upon cycling bear the primary responsibility for the poor cyclability and serious safety of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a low volume change composite lithium metal anode is realized by encaging Li into a hybrid host featuring a 3D conducting scaffold with a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coating. The scaffold with high pore volume is favorable to accommodate Li with high areal capacity and alleviate the variation in electrode dimensions. The MOFs layer with abundant interconnected micropores serving as “ion sieve” can boost uniform distribution of Li ions while its high Young's modulus (>32 GPa) can arrest dendrite propagation. The thus-formed anode displays a negligible dimension variation (<5%), enabling stable cycling in both symmetric cells (>1000 h) and full cells (>200 cycle-life). This study may open up new directions to construct safe Li metal batteries through an industry-adoptable technology.
The power-delivery capability of lithium-ion cells based on LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2-based positive electrodes shows a significant dependence on the cell's state-of-charge. One reason for this behavior is the variation of the positive electrode's impedance with the oxide's lithium content. In this article, an electrochemical model based on concentrated solution porous electrode theory is used to model impedance data obtained on LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2-based positive electrodes charged to potentials ranging from 3.55 to 4.55V versus Li. The parameters obtained from model fits include the exchange-current density and Li-ion diffusion coefficients in the oxide. The variations in these parameters with oxide potential are correlated with structural changes in the material observed during Li-ion intercalation–deintercalation reactions.
In the last few years the use of Li-ion batteries has increased rapidly, powering small as well as large applications, from electronic devices to power storage facilities. The Li-ion battery has, however, several safety issues regarding occasional overheating and subsequent thermal runaway. During such episodes, gas emissions from the electrolyte are of special concern because of their toxicity, flammability and the risk for gas explosion. In this work, the emissions from heated typical electrolyte components as well as from commonly used electrolytes are characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and FT-IR coupled with thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, when heating up to 650 °C. The study includes the solvents EC, PC, DEC, DMC and EA in various single, binary and ternary mixtures with and without the LiPF6 salt, a commercially available electrolyte, (LP71), containing EC, DEC, DMC and LiPF6 as well as extracted electrolyte from a commercial 6.8 Ah Li-ion cell. Upon thermal heating, emissions of organic compounds and of the toxic decomposition products hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoryl fluoride (POF3) were detected. The electrolyte and its components have also been extensively analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy for identification purposes.
Cathode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries were prepared from Na0.4MnO2 by solution and molten salt ion-exchanges. The former process results in partial replacement of sodium while the latter results in complete exchange. The discharge characteristics depend upon the sodium content, with the partially lithiated material exhibiting hysteresis in the charge/discharge profile and differential capacity plots from stepped potential experiments. For the fully lithiated material, a complex voltage profile with several distinct plateaus corresponding to several two-phase regions is observed. No evidence of spinel formation during ion-exchange or electrochemical cycling is seen for this system.