batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
To harness renewable energy in the transportation sector,research on the application of thermoelectric and piezoelectric effects in energy harvesting pavements has progressed significantly over the last few years. This study provides a comprehensive literature review of recent advances in the application of thermoelectric and piezoelectric technologies in pavements to generate electricity. Most studies on the piezoelectric effect application with piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) showed its limitation in the amount of instantaneous electricity output, while a limited number of studies indicated that a pipe system cooperating with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) may produce more electric power, and so has more application potential in energy harvesting pavements. Studies have also indicated that supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries will be needed to appropriately store the electricity generated from pavements. As a case study, the potentials of thermoelectric and piezoelectric technologies were assessed and compared based on the Florida roadway network. Using results from previous studies as well as Florida weather and traffic data, it was estimated that if the entire Florida roadway network was covered by a proposed pipe system (PP-TEG system), it would collect 55 GWh electrical energy per day, while the one covered by a series of PZTs (PZT system) would only generate 4.04 MWh electrical energy per day. Based on the cost effectiveness analysis of the two systems, unless the PZT system is only paved on the roadway section with very high traffic volume, the PP-TEG system is more cost-effective than the PZT system.
CuSbS2 was tested as a negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries. The material synthesized by ball milling offers a specific charge of 730 mAh g−1, close to the theoretical value (751 mAh g−1), over a few cycles. The reaction mechanism was investigated by means of operando X-ray diffraction, 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy, and Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These studies reveal a sodiation mechanism that involves an original conversion reaction in two steps, through the formation of a ternary phase, CuSb(1−x)S(2−y), as well as a NaxS alloy and Sb, followed by an alloying reaction involving the previously formed Sb. The desodiation process ends with the reformation of the ternary phase, CuSb(1−x′)S(2−y′), deficient in Sb and S; this phase is responsible for the good reversibility observed upon cycling.
The nanosized Mn3O4 particles were prepared by microwave-assisted reflux synthesis method. The prepared sample was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical properties of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were investigated using cyclic voltammogram (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis in different electrolytes such as 1 M KCl, 1 M Na2SO4, 1 M NaNO3, and 6 M KOH electrolytes. XRD pattern reveals the formation of single-phase Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The FT-IR and Raman analysis also assert the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The TEM image shows the spherical shape particles with less than 50 nm sizes. Among all the electrolytes, the Mn3O4 nanoparticles possess maximum specific capacitance of 94 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte calculated from CV. The order of capacitance obtained by various electrolytes is 6 M KOH > 1 M KCl > 1 M NaNO3 > 1 M Na2SO4. The EIS and galvanostatic charge–discharge results further substantiate with the CV results. The cycling stability of Mn3O4 electrode reveals that the prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles are a suitable electrode material for supercapacitor application.
This paper outlines some of the improvements in the performance of valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries that have been accomplished during the course of the 1990s and considers further advancements which might be achievable. Attention is focused on those aspects of the battery that have been changed in order to convert the original, flooded (vented) design into a valve-regulated unit. Refinements of the components which were modified during the course of the flooded-valve-regulated conversion could be a productive endeavour as research workers strive to raise the life of the VRLA battery to match, and exceed, that of its flooded predecessor.
The development of bifunctional oxygen electrodes is a key factor for the envisaged application of rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we present a simple procedure based on pyrolysis of polybenzoxazine/metal metalloid nanoparticles composites into efficient bifunctional oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. This procedure generates nitrogen-doped carbon with embedded metal metalloid nanoparticles exhibiting high activity towards both, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution, in 0.1 M KOH with a roundtrip voltage of as low as 0.81 V. Koutecký-Levich analysis coupled with scanning electrochemical microscopy reveals that oxygen is preferentially reduced in a 4e− transfer pathway to hydroxide rather than to hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the polybenzoxazine derived carbon matrix allows for stable catalyst fixation on the electrode surface, resulting in unattenuated activity during continuous alternate polarisation between oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm−2 and oxygen reduction at −1.0 mA cm−2.
Ionic liquids composed of N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium (DEME), N-methyl-N-methoxyethylpiperidinium (PP1.1o2) cations functionalized with ethers, N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium (PP13), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (P14) cations and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA) anion are investigated for application as electrolytes in non-aqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. The PP13–TFSA, P14–TFSA and DEME–TFSA ionic liquids have high oxygen radical stability. A comparison of the lithium supply capacity measured using pulse-gradient spin-echo NMR for 7Li nuclei and the oxygen supply capacity measured using electrochemical methods indicates that the oxygen supply is the rate-limiting step for the generation of lithium–oxygen compounds (LiO x ) in these ionic liquids with supporting electrolytes. The DEME–TFSA system has the highest LiO x generation activity among the ionic liquid systems examined. We demonstrate the improved performance (output power, discharge–charge capacity and coulombic efficiency) of a Li–O2 battery using the DEME–TFSA system compared with that using the PP13–TFSA system. The improvements observed for the DEME–TFSA system are attributed to the high LiO x generation properties and lithium ion supply.
Porous ceramics have been utilized in various fields due to their advantages derived from characteristics of ceramics and porous structure and they were produced by versatile fabricating methods. However, the adoption of differently scaled pores in the porous ceramics by conventional pore forming strategies which results in dual-scale porosity has been studied to combine the specific functional abilities of each scaled pore. Those proposed strategies were supplemented to the recent additive manufacturing methods for constructing complicated structure with precisely controlled fabricating conditions. In this review, we provide the researches creating dual-scale porous ceramics with additive manufacturing which utilized the ceramic slurries containing homogeneous solution of photocurable monomers and terpenes. Introduction of the basic way to prepare photocurable monomer and terpene incorporated ceramic slurries which are suitable for specific printing mechanism was firstly discussed. And based on the characteristics of slurries, lithography-based and extrusion-based method are discussed with the experimental results. Subsequently, the remaining challenges of the techniques are further discussed with suggesting potentially capable approaches to overcome the limitations.
We prepared thick and dense-crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) composite films at room temperature that can work well as cathodes in all-solid-state battery cells. The thick films were fabricated by aerosol deposition using NMC powder (D50 = 10.61 μm) as a source material. Commercially-obtained NMC powder did not form films at all on silicon wafer substrates, and cracking of the substrates was observed. However, a few tens of nanometer coating with amorphous niobium oxide resulted in the deposition of 7 μm-thick crystalline dense composite films. The films were successfully fabricated also on Li+-conductive glass-ceramic sheets with 150 μm in thickness, and all-solid-state batteries were fabricated. The solid-state battery provided a cathode-basis discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 (3.0–4.2 V, 0.025 C, 333 K) and repeated charge–discharge cycles for 20 cycles.
The operation of lightly doped Si microwire arrays under high-level injection conditions was investigated by measurement of the current-potential behavior and carrier-collection efficiency of the wires in contact with non-aqueous electrolytes, and through complementary device physics simulations. The current-potential behavior of the lightly doped Si wire array photoelectrodes was dictated by both the radial contact and the carrier-selective back contact. For example, the Si microwire arrays exhibited n-type behavior when grown on a n+-doped substrate and placed in contact with the 1,1′-dimethylferrocene+/0–CH3OH redox system. The microwire arrays exhibited p-type behavior when grown on a p+-doped substrate and measured in contact with a redox system with a sufficiently negative Nernstian potential. The wire array photoelectrodes exhibited internal quantum yields of ∼0.8, deviating from unity for these radial devices. Device physics simulations of lightly doped n-Si wires in radial contact with the 1,1′-dimethylferrocene+/0–CH3OH redox system showed that the carrier-collection efficiency should be a strong function of the wire diameter and the carrier lifetime within the wire. Small diameter (d < 200 nm) wires exhibited low quantum yields for carrier collection, due to the strong inversion of the wires throughout the wire volume. In contrast, larger diameter wires (d > 400 nm) exhibited higher carrier collection efficiencies that were strongly dependent on the carrier lifetime in the wire, and wires with carrier lifetimes exceeding 5 μs were predicted to have near-unity quantum yields. The simulations and experimental measurements collectively indicated that the Si microwires possessed carrier lifetimes greater than 1 μs, and showed that radial structures with micron dimensions and high material quality can result in excellent device performance with lightly doped, structured semiconductors.
The capacity variation observed with a carbon-coated silicon monoxide (C-SiO) composite electrode has been explained by the microstructural changes evolved during cycling. In an initial few cycles, the Si domain in SiO is lithiated by alloying reaction, during which cracks form in the Si domain due to volume change. An increase in the contact area between Si and electrolyte solution due to the crack formation, and down-sizing of Si particles facilitate the lithiation reaction, such that the Si domain is lithiated to the most lithium-rich Li–Si phase (Li15Si4). Due to an increase in the degree of lithiation, the reversible capacity steadily increases. A severe volume change that is accompanied by the full lithiation, however, leads to a serious particle crack and pulverization, and surface film deposition on the newly exposed Si surface. All these features lead to a breakdown of electrically conductive network within the electrode layer. As a result, some Si particles are electrically isolated to cause a loss in the reversible capacity.
Community renewable energy and citizens' energy needs are crucial issues on the global political agenda. The indispensable legislative and regulatory, while also the necessary technological, societal and behavioral developments in order to support the energy transition will require public understanding and ownership to deliver their full potential. The main discussion is how to enable low-carbon energy transitions based on renewable-energy technologies such as wind turbines, solar panels, biogas plants or geothermal plants. Digitalization of energy and distributed storage are shaping the future of electricity use. Micro Grids (MG) on the other hand represent the means by which the purpose will be achieved. In Tilos island Technology Innovation for the Local Scale Optimum Integration of Battery Energy Storage (TILOS) case, it has been identified that the Quadruple Helix's (QH) components are accelerating the transfer of research and innovation results to regional growth while stressing the replicating potentials. Taking into consideration all parameters involved, while learning from pioneers' evidence, low-carbon energy transition and energy supply for isolated areas can be achieved. Finally the energy ecosystem space metamorphosis creates the new emerging structures and norms.
NiO films for lithium-ion batteries were deposited on copper plates and foam nickel substrates by electrodeposition and subsequent heat treatment at 300 °C. At a discharge/charge rate of 0.1 C, foam NiO films delivered reversible capacity larger than 650 mAh g−1 and capacity retention over 93% after 50 cycles. NiO films deposited on foam nickel exhibited higher reversible capacity, better cyclability, as well as higher rate capability than those on copper plates. The unique three-dimensionally porous morphologies of foam NiO films were responsible for the better electrochemical performance, which provided not only high electrode/electrolyte contact area but also a good electronic conduction matrix. The present finding offers a new pathway for the large scale fabrication of high-energy-density electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Cycle aging of commercial 40Ah pouch-type lithium-ion cells with NMC/graphite chemistry was studied at different cycling temperatures (room temperature, +45°C, and +45°C charge/+65°C discharge). Aging was observed as capacity fade and resistance increase, and the aging mechanisms were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and post-mortem analysis, where visual inspection and thickness measurements were employed together with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses. It was observed that elevated temperatures resulted in accelerated capacity fade, especially for the +45°C/+65°C condition. SEI-layer growth and lithium plating, discovered in cell disassembly, were attributed to be the main mechanisms responsible for capacity loss. In addition to the capacity fade, resistance increase was observed both in ohmic and polarization resistances. The ohmic resistance growth was attributed to lack of electrolyte and increased separator resistance. Polarization resistance evolution during cycling was similar at room temperature and at +45°C, but different at the +45°C/+65°C condition. It was concluded that post-mortem analysis is essential for attributing the cycle testing and impedance spectroscopy results to different components and processes inside the cell. For example, the lithium plating phenomenon could not have been predicted or discovered without disassembling the cells.
This report provides a detailed analysis of excessive part- and whole-word repetitions in the speech of a 36-year-old male patient hospitalized for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) who also exhibited concurrent language and prosodic disturbances. Shortly following his hospitalization, a magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed plaques in the white matter of the medulla, cerebellum, basal ganglion, and periventricular white matter. His speech strongly resembled apractic speech patterns, chiefly syllable segregation. The source of data collected for this study was seven tape-recorded speech samples containing 2536 words spoken in 32.75 min, diagnostic reports, and clinical notes of 27 biweekly speech therapy sessions across a 5-month period. This report focused on an analysis of variables associated with the patient's part- and whole-word repetitions, and it was concluded that they were used as a compensatory device to procure additional time to articulate complex syllables. A brief critique of the therapeutic procedures used for treating his speech problem is also presented. Educational objectives: The reader will learn about and be able to describe (1) the effects of MS on speech and language; (2) the kinds of data that were gathered to account for this patient's sudden onset of speech and language disorders; and (3) the findings that led them to conclude that his excessive repetitions were compensatory behaviors.
In this work, the possibility of employing aluminium terephthalic acid metal organic framework (Al-TPA-MOF)-laden composite polymer membranes as electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and lithium-metal (Li-metal) polymer batteries is explored. The prepared composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) based on a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) network with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and Al-TPA-MOF are mechanically robust and thermally stable up to 270 °C, and provide appreciable ionic conductivity in the order of 0.1 mS cm−1 at 60 °C. The enhanced compatibility of CPEs with the lithium metal anode is attributed to the scavenging effect of Al-TPA-MOF. Laboratory scale all-solid-state Li-S and Li-metal polymer cells are assembled, which deliver specific capacities exceeding 800 and 130 mAh g−1, respectively, and a stable performance upon prolonged cycling even at 60 °C, which is superior to earlier reports on similar systems.
A stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system is the most promising solution to supply electric power to meet energy demand in isolated locations. This technology can offer an interesting alternative to other currently existing sources of energy. Due to space constraint in the remote offshore oil and gas industry, a stand-alone system is used for cathodic protection, telemetry and valve control. However in such an environment, dust accumulation and bird droppings have been critical issues to the operation of off-grid solar devices. These factors do not only reduce the available power of the modules but also makes the cost of solar devices ineffective since cleaning, especially on well-head towers, is very expensive due to the location. Hence this paper presents two technical solutions that have shown promising results in reducing the impact of these factors.
Cobalt/cobalt oxide nanoparticle-embedded in a carbon matrix was synthesized by one spot pyrolysis of cobalt salen complex [Co(salen)] at 800 °C in an argon atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the presence of Co and Co3O4 in the carbon matrix. The SEM and TEM observations showed the homogeneous distribution of the Co/Co3O4 grains on the carbon matrix. Cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic charge-discharge studies done on the CR2032 coin cell confirmed that the Co/Co3O4@carbon matrix was electrochemically active. A stable specific capacity as high as 1000 mA h g−1 has been observed over 50 charge-discharge cycles at C/5 rate. It is believed that the carbon matrix acted both as a spacer to accommodate volume changes during Li intercalation-deintercalation process and also as conductive network leading to the excellent electrochemical performance of the Co/Co3O4@carbon matrix. Further, supercapacitor studies revealed that a specific capacitance of 615 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 has been exhibited by the Co/Co3O4@carbon matrix electrode in 1 M KOH with high Coulombic efficiency (92%) as well as excellent cycling stability for 5000 cycles.
A new, multi-purpose autonomous benthic lander is described, and preliminary experimental data are presented relating to deployments in the Atlantic Frontier (eastern north Atlantic) during the recent UK Thematic Programme ‘BENBO’. The autonomous lander was deployed at two contrasting sites — Site A (mouth of Rockall Trough; 3570m) and Site B (Hatton-Rockall Bank; 1100m) — before and following the spring-time surface ocean phytoplankton bloom (May & July, 1998, respectively). Diffusive oxygen uptake and nutrient flux data were obtained using two interchangeable modules — a profiling oxygen micro-electrode unit and a benthic chamber unit. Diffusive O2 uptake across the sediment–water interface and the O2 penetration depths within the sediment were determined from the oxygen micro-profiles. The shallower site, which had previously received phyto-detrital input, had a comparatively large diffusive oxygen uptake within the sediment (1.2mmolm−2 d−1) and a maximum penetration depth of only 21mm. The deeper site had greater oxygen penetration depths (∼80mm) but a lower diffusive oxygen uptake of 0.6mmolm−2 d−1, indicative possibly of little or no phyto-detrital input. Visual observations of retrieved sediment cores support this conclusion, however Site A has also displays generally lower organic content and lower macrobenthic biomass which may contribute to this observation. Nutrient pore water profile data indicated fluxes of nitrate of 0.161mmolm−2 d−1 and phosphate 0.0008mmolm−2 d−1 into the overlying water. However, the benthic chamber studies showed virtually no change in nutrient concentrations, due probably to the relatively short deployment time used.
Since the monitored operation of microgrids is a leading trend in the aspect of applying the smart grid concepts, it has become a necessity to maximize the penetration of renewable power resources. In this paper, a novel real-time monitoring operation model of a microgrid is suggested, where the overall cost is mathematically modeled and included in the proposed model. The operation is achieved by assigning switching procedures of the generation sources situated within the microgrid. A continuous mathematical model is proposed for the cost function of the microgrid containing conventional fuel power plants, wind and solar renewable power generation, and battery storage systems. The inclusion of imported power from neighboring microgrids is implied in the mathematical model as well as the exported power to those grids. The mathematical model needs to be discretized in order to imply the separate time slots of the day in the model; hence the introduction of the discretized model is imperative. A simulation test case is carried on the MATLAB software platform and the simulation results are illustrated taking into consideration different practical cases of wind speed, solar irradiance, and batteries state of charge. The studied system is designed to provide electric power for a highly fluctuating load, which is a steel factory located in Jordan. The simulation test runs indicate the importance of energy storage to increase the penetration of renewable power sources in the microgrids.
Three-dimensional (3D) porous ZnCo2O4 thin films on nickel foam substrates have been fabricated through a facile strategy of electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) followed by annealing in Ar atmosphere for lithium-ion battery anodes. The obtained ZnCo2O4 films on Ni foams show excellent cycling performance with a reversible capacity of over 1726mAhg−1 after 100cycles at 400mAg−1. The ZnCo2O4 electrodes also present good rate capability with 811mAhg−1 at 5Ag−1. The improved electrochemical performances should be ascribed to 3D porous ZnCo2O4 architecture directly grown on Ni foam current collector, due to the synergistic advantages of offering more reaction sites, effective void space to the volume variation during cycling, and improving of electron transport. It is proposed that this facile strategy of ESD technique can be extended to synthesize other 3D porous mixed transition-metal oxide materials.
A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to lead to obesity, and contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on the progression of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.