batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Graphene-based nanosheets (GNS) have been studied for use in electrochemical energy storage devices. A deeper understanding about the system is required for achieving enhanced power output and high energy storage. The effects of sulfur doping on the electrochemical properties of GNS are studied for their use as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. Sulfur doping in GNS contributes to the high specific capacity by providing more lithium storage sites due to Faradaic reactions. In addition, superior rate performance of sulfur-doped GNS (S-GNS) is achieved through the improved electrical conductivity of S-GNS (1743 S m−1), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of GNS (32 S m−1). In addition, good cyclic stability of S-GNS is maintained even after 500 cycles at a high current density of 1488 mA g−1 (4 C).
The objective of this paper is to discuss the following questions: Do concurrent organizational changes have a direct impact on aviation maintenance and safety, if so, how can this be measured? These questions were part of the investigation carried out by the Accident Investigation Board, Norway (AIBN). The AIBN investigated whether Norwegian aviation safety had been affected due to major organizational changes between 2000 and 2004. The main concern was the reduction in safety margins and its consequences. This paper presents a summary of the techniques used and explains how they were applied in three airlines and by two offshore helicopter operators. The paper also discusses the development of safety related indicators in the aviation industry. In addition, there is a summary of the lessons learned and safety recommendations. The Norwegian Ministry of Transport has required all players in the aviation industry to follow up the findings and recommendations of the AIBN study.
The term 'preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) treatment' refers to interventions that are initiated in cognitively unimpaired at-risk individuals, and are intended to postpone, reduce the risk of, or prevent the clinical onset of AD. In this article, the authors review emerging strategies for the accelerated evaluation of preclinical AD treatments, and discuss the work that has set the stage for implementing these strategies. In particular, they highlight the role of the Collaboration for Alzheimer's Prevention (CAP)—an initiative that is designed to help stakeholders advance AD prevention research in a coordinated, transparent and effective way.
The phenotype of genetically modified animals is strongly influenced by both the genetic background of the animal as well as environmental factors. We have previously reported the behavioral and neurochemical characterization of PDE10A knockout mice maintained on a DBA1LacJ (PDE10ADBA) genetic background. The aim of the present studies was to assess the behavioral and neurochemical phenotype of PDE10A knockout mice on an alternative congenic C57BL/6N (PDE10AC57) genetic background. Consistent with our previous results, PDE10AC57 knockout mice showed a decrease in exploratory locomotor activity and a delay in the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responding. Also consistent with previous studies, the elimination of PDE10A did not alter basal levels of striatal cGMP or cAMP or affect behavior in several other well-characterized behavioral assays. PDE10AC57 knockout mice showed a blunted response to MK-801, although to a lesser degree than previously observed in the PDE10ADBA knockout mice, and no differences were observed following a PCP challenge. PDE10AC57 knockout mice showed a significant change in striatal dopamine turnover, which was accompanied by an enhanced locomotor response to AMPH, These studies demonstrate that while many of the behavioral effects of the PDE10A gene deletion appear to be independent of genetic background, the impact of the deletion on behavior can vary in magnitude. Furthermore, the effects on the dopaminergic system appear to be background-dependent, with significant effects observed only in knockout mice on the C57BL6N genetic background.
Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBAs) have been regarded as one of promising electrode candidates in aqueous batteries, due to its open framework, robust skeleton, and simple preparation protocol. However, intrinsic structure vacancies and poor electron conductivity lower their electrochemical performances, particularly in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. Here, truncated cobalt hexacyano-ferrate nanocubes threaded by carbon nanotubes are synthesized with the assistances of citrate and glycerol. The low content of structure vacancies in cobalt hexacyanoferrate, and the intimate contact between it and carbon nanotubes, well address the above issues, resulting in excellent performances in rechargeable aqueous batteries. The reversible capacity reaches 107.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, 87.3% of which is kept at 5 A g−1. After paired with Zn foil as a dual-ion full cell, it delivers a high energy of 107.1 Wh kg−1 cathode at 7.87 kW kg−1 cathode, exhibiting the high energy and high power simultaneously. All these results indicate the promising potential of this composite in rechargeable aqueous batteries.
Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxymethacrylate) (PTMA) is presently considered as one of the most promising cathodic materials for the realization of advanced organic radical batteries (ORBs). In this work we report an investigation about the influence of three electrolytes, namely 1 M tetraethylammoniumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Et4NTFSI) in propylene carbonate (PC); 1 M 1-butyl-1-methylpyrro-lidiuniumbis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (Pyr14TFSI) in PC and neat Pyr14TFSI, on the electrochemical performance of PTMA-based cathodes. The results of this study showed that the electrolyte composition has a significant effect on the performance of PTMA-based electrodes. The use of Pyr14TFSI appears particularly promising as it allows the realization of electrodes with very good cycling stability (almost 90% of capacity retention after 10.000 cycles carried out at 10C) and very low self-discharge.
Formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is critical to outstanding performance of energy storage devices, because it acts as a passive layer that allows facile transport of ions but forbids electron transport between the electrolyte and electrode. Although much study has been devoted to investigate the morphology and structure of SEI layer using a myriad of analytical devices on past decades, the direct observation of SEI layer on a real time scale has remained as a formidable challenge. In addition, it has been difficult to observe both the decomposition of electrolytes and formation process of stable SEI layer at nanometer scale. Here we utilize in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using graphene liquid cell (GLC) to realize the observation of stable SEI layer formation in a sequential time scale. Upon e− beam irradiation, Li salts in the electrolytes react with reduced electrolytes and form gel-like agglomerates, which are deposited on the surface of the active material as a passivation layer and later stabilized to become more uniform in overall thickness. Additionally, growth dynamics of stable SEI layer were suggested, where the deposition of decomposed electrolytes eventually result in relatively uniform SEI layer. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to observe not only the formation of non-crystalline SEI layer but also the movement of decomposed electrolytes onto the surface of active materials which account for broader understanding of SEI layer, and has the potential to detect important interfacial phenomena in electrochemical devices that were overlooked so far.
Rats are most frequently used to fulfill ICH S7A requirements for respiratory safety pharmacology. We hypothesized that the models used to assess respiratory safety pharmacology present different ventilatory responses to bronchoconstriction, bronchodilation and respiratory depression. Respiratory monitoring was performed with head-out plethysmographs for rats, masks for dogs and bias airflow helmets for monkeys. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and minute volume (MV) were recorded. Forty rats, 18 dogs and 8 monkeys were acclimated to the respiratory monitoring equipment. Animals received saline (IV), albuterol (inhalation), methacholine (IV) and remifentanil (IV). Albuterol increased TV in all species. Methacholine decreased TV and MV in monkeys. In dogs, methacholine increased TV, RR and MV. In rats, methacholine increased TV and decreased RR. Remifentanil induced central respiratory depression in all species with decreased MV, except in rats. Dogs presented a biphasic response to remifentanil with hypoventilation followed by delayed hyperventilation. The monkeys presented similar responses to humans which may be due to biologic similarities. Dogs and rats presented clinically significant ventilatory alterations following positive control drugs. Although, the response to bronchoconstriction in dogs and rats was different from humans, the two species presented ventilatory changes that highlight the potential adverse effect of test articles.
As an anode active material, Si experiences large deformations during battery cycling, which has been cited as a primary cause for the electrode fracture and thus capacity fading. The problems caused by the electrode deformations can be remedied through electrode design, and the numerical models will greatly facilitate this design process. However, the lack of key material properties for Si/LixSi, especially the Li diffusivity in Si, has prevented the efficient use of such numerical tools in the design of lithium-ion batteries with Si anodes. In this work, finite element (FE) analysis was used to study the Li diffusivity in amorphous Si (a-Si) anodes. To simulate the large deformation, a large strain based formulation for the concentration induced volume expansion was proposed. The Li diffusion and volume expansion were coupled and solved in COMSOL Multiphysics®. By comparing with the lithiation experimental observations for the a-Si nanospheres, the Li diffusivity was estimated to be on the order of 2.0 × 10 − 15 m 2 /s for the Li-rich phase and 2.0 × 10 − 17 m 2 /s for the Li-poor phase. These values were further validated by comparing the thickness growth of the Li-rich phase and the lithiation time.
Objectives Sex differences can yield important clues regarding illness pathophysiology and its treatment. Schizophrenia (SZ) has a lower incidence rate, and a better prognosis, in women versus men. The present study investigated the cognitive profiles of both sexes in a large multi-centre sample of community-dwelling SZ patients. Method 544 community-dwelling stable SZ subjects (141 women and 403 men; mean age 34.5±12.1 and 31.6±8.7years, respectively) were tested with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Results Although community-dwelling SZ men had more risk factors for impaired cognition (including first-generation antipsychotics administration and comorbid addictive disorders), women had lower scores on a wide range of cognitive functions, including current and premorbid intellectual functioning, working memory, semantic memory, non-verbal abstract thinking and aspects of visual exploration. However, women scored higher in tests of processing speed and verbal learning, as well as having a lower verbal learning bias. No sex difference were evident for visuospatial learning abilities, cued verbal recall, sustained attention and tests of executive functions, including cognitive flexibility, verbal abstract thinking, verbal fluency and planning abilities. Conclusion Sex differences are evident in the cognitive profiles of SZ patients. The impact on daily functioning and prognosis, as well as longitudinal trajectory, should be further investigated in the FACE-SZ follow-up study. Sex differences in cognition have implications for precision-medicine determined therapeutic strategies. Limits Given the restricted age range of the sample, future research will have to determine cognitive profiles across gender in late onset SZ.
Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of selective ion removal utilizing different electrode materials, carbon and non-carbon together with or without membranes, from a mixture of salt solutions, by a detailed review of the literature from the beginning until the state-of-the-art. In this venture, we review the advances made in the preparation, theoretical understanding, and the role of electrodes and membranes. We also describe how ion selectivity has been defined and used in literature. Finally, we present a theory of selective ion removal for intercalation materials that, for the first time, considers mixtures of different cations, evidencing the time-dependent selectivity of these electrodes.
Contactless and temperature-dependent evaluation of thermal diffusivities of Li-ion cell electrodes based on photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) measurements is introduced and applied to electrodes from three prismatic hardcase Li-ion cells. The accuracy of the method is validated using reference materials, which cover a wide range of thermal diffusivity. The effective thermal diffusivities of the three anode and cathode coatings and of the current collectors are determined in the temperature range of 5–45 °C. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent specific heat capacity of the electrodes is evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements in the same temperature range. Based on the experimental results the through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of the electrodes is calculated and compared to previously reported values. The results indicate significant influence of the porosity and manufacturing process on the effective thermal conductivity of the electrodes. The three mayor impact factors on thermal conductivity of electrodes are (i) composition, (ii) morphology of the coating and (iii) the thickness ratio of coating to current collector.
High-performance particles of the high-voltage cathode material LiCoPO4 for Li-ion batteries are synthesized by a simple and rapid one-step microwave-assisted solvothermal route at moderate temperatures (250 °C). Using a variety of water/alcohol 1:1 (v:v) solvent mixtures, including ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), tetraethylene glycol (TTEG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), and benzyl alcohol (BA), the focus of the study is set on optimizing the electrochemical performance of the material by controlling the particle size and morphology. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal a strong influence of the co-solvent on the particle size and morphology, resulting in the formation of variations between square, rhombic and hexagonal platelets. According to selected area electron diffraction experiments, the smallest crystal dimension is in the [010] direction for all materials, which is along the lithium diffusion pathways of the olivine crystal structure. The anisotropic crystal orientations with enhanced Li-ion diffusion properties result in high initial discharge capacities and gravimetric energy densities (up to 141 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 677 Wh kg−1 for LiCoPO4 obtained from TEG), excellent rate capabilities, and cycle life for 20 cycles.
Lead sulfate, lead oxides and lead metal are the main component of lead paste in spent lead acid battery. When lead sulfate was desulfurized and transformed into lead carbonate by sodium carbonate, lead metal and lead oxides remained unchanged. Lead carbonate is easily decomposed to lead oxide and carbon dioxide under high temperature. Namely, vacuum thermal process is the reduction reaction of lead oxides. A compatible environmental process consisted of hydrometallurgical desulfurization and vacuum thermal reduction to recycle lead was investigated in this research. Lead paste was firstly desulfurized with sodium carbonate, by which, the content of sulfur declined from 7.87% to 0.26%. Then, the desulfurized lead paste was reduced by charcoal under vacuum. Under the optimized reaction conditions, i.e., vacuum thermal reduction at temperature 850°C under 20Pa for 45min, a 22.11×10−2 gcm−2 min−1 reduction rate, and a 98.13% direct recovery ratio of fine lead (99.77%) had been achieved, respectively.
In this work, tris(2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) phosphate is designed, synthesized and applied as a functional electrolyte additive for lithium ion batteries with high-voltage LiCoO2 cathode. The tris(2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) phosphate contains both of thiophen group and phosphorus element. The thiophen group forms a thinner electron conductive cathode electrolyte interphase to increase the thermal stability of LiCoO2 to de-active the catalytic and oxidative sites. In addition, the phosphorus element enhances the interfacial lithium ion conductivities by forming LiPxOyFz. Therefore, the thiophen group and phosphorus element in tris(2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) phosphate work synergistically to optimize the electronic and ionic conductivity of cathode electrolyte interphase in high-voltage lithium ion batteries. As a result, when the batteries are cycled in the electrolyte with 0.1 wt% tris(2-(thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) phosphate, the Li//LiCoO2 half cells perform high thermal stability and deliver an excellent rate capability of 140 mAh g−1 at 5 C, and the graphite//LiCoO2 full cells present a significantly improved discharge capacity and stability of 139.9 mAh g−1 at 130 cycles with a high capacity retention of 90.72%.
Conventional tetrabasic lead sulfate used as positive active material additive shows the results of the low effective lead dioxide conversion rate due to the large grain size and crossed the crystal structure. In this paper, we study on a type of nanometer tetrabasic lead sulfate. Through the XRD and SEM test and Material Studio software calculation, the purity of tetrabasic lead sulfate is very high, the grain size of the nanometer 4BS is almost unanimous, and can be controlled below 200 nm. When charged and discharged in 1.75 V–2.42 V with the current density of 40 mA g−1, 80 mA g−1 and 160 mA g−1, the effective lead dioxide conversion rate of nanometer 4BS after formation can achieve to 83.48%, 71.42%, and 66.96%. Subsequently, the nanometer 4BS as additive is added to positive paste of lead-acid battery. When the batteries are tested galvanostatically between 1.75 V and 2.42 V at 0.25 C charge and 0.5 C discharge rates at room temperature. The ratio of adding nanometer 4BS is 0%, 1% and 4% and the initial discharge specific capacities are 60 mAh g−1, 65 mAh g−1 and 68 mAh g−1. After 80 cycles, the initial discharge capacity of positive active material with 1% nanometer 4BS decreased less than 10%, while adding 4% nanometer 4BS, the initial discharge capacity doesn't decrease obviously.
Based on the concepts of self-assembly and re-construction, flower-like porous carbon nanosheet powders (CNPs), which exhibit almost double theoretical capacity of prototype graphite powders, are prepared by spray drying a suspension of graphite oxide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and subsequent thermally-reducing treatment. The functional groups, edges, and defective sites of nanoscale graphite oxide intermediate and their interaction with CTAB additive are utilized to construct the CNP micro-/nanostructure with abundant wrinkles. This unique micro-/nanostructure not only facilitates coating CNPs on the anode substrate of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but also improves their electrochemical performances. Specifically, these CNPs display an initial specific capacity of approximately 807mAhg−1 and a stable capacity of approximately 650mAhg−1 after the 6th cycle at a charge-discharge current of 100mAg−1. And a capacity of approximately 600mAhg−1 is still kept after 100 cycles, showing the as-prepared CNPs have promising application in the LIBs. In addition, based on the insertion/extraction ‘path-memory effect’, a storage mechanism of lithium ions is proposed to explain the importance of wrinkles in the CNPs to the capacity and cycling stability.
Notable failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapies in late-stage clinical trials for Alzheimer disease (AD) suggest the need for a reassessment of the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD pathology. Here, Giacobini and Gold discuss the limitations of focusing on amyloid-β, and suggest a shift towards tau-directed therapy. They outline the rationale for such an approach and summarize results in animal models that show promise for translation to the clinic.
ABSTRACT Zinc-air battery is considered as one of the promising energy storage devices due to their low cost, eco-friendly and safe. Here, we present a simple approach to the preparation of cobalt sulfide nanoparticles supported on a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene oxide surface. Cobalt sulfide nanoparticles dispersed on graphene oxide hybrid was successfully prepared by solid state thermolysis approach at 400°C, using cobalt thiourea and graphene oxide. X-ray diffraction study revealed that hybrid electrode prepared at 400°C results in pure CoS2 phase. The hybrid CoS2(400)/N,S-GO electrode exhibits low over-potential gap about 0.78V vs. Zn after 70 cycles with remarkable and robust charge and discharge profile. And also the CoS2(400)/N,S-GO showing deep discharge behavior with stability up to 7.5h.
Target tracking is an important sensing application of wireless sensor networks. In these networks, energy, computing power, and communication bandwidth are scarce. We have considered a random heterogeneous wireless sensor network, which has several powerful nodes for data aggregation/relay and large number of energy-constrained sensor nodes that are deployed randomly to cover a given target area. In this paper, a cooperative approach to detect and monitor the path of a moving object using a minimum subset of nodes while maintaining coverage and network connectivity is proposed. It is tested extensively in a simulation environment and compared with other existing methods. The results of our experiments clearly indicate the benefits of our new approach in terms of energy consumption.
Due to the increasing demand for electricity, clean, renewable energy resources must be developed. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for portable electronic devices. The power output of six dual DMFCs connected in series with an active area of 4cm2 was approximately 600mW, and the power density of the DMFCs was 25mWcm−2. The DMFCs were evaluated as a power source for mobile phone chargers and media players. The results indicated that the open circuit voltage of the DMFC was between 6.0V and 6.5V, and the voltage under operating conditions was 4.0V. The fuel cell was tested on a variety of cell phone chargers, media players and PDAs. The cost of energy consumption by the proposed DMFC was estimated to be USD 20W−1, and the cost of methanol is USD 4kWh. Alternatively, the local conventional electricity tariff is USD 2kWh. However, for the large-scale production of electronic devices, the cost of methanol will be significantly lower. Moreover, the electricity tariff is expected to increase due to the constraints of fossil fuel resources and pollution. As a result, DMFCs will become competitive with conventional power sources.