batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
It is widely known that intentional non-malevolent violations of safety procedures and norms occur and evidence shows that safety violations can increase the risk of accidents. However, little research about the causes of these violations in work settings exists. To help shed light on the causes, this paper systematically reviews the empirical causes of safety violations in industry. Electronic database literature searches were performed to identify relevant articles published prior to January 1, 2007. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and 57 different variables were examined as predictors of safety violations. Study settings were healthcare delivery, commercial driving, aviation, mining, railroad, and construction. The predictors were categorized into individual characteristics, information/education/training, design to support worker needs, safety climate, competing goals, and problems with rules. None of the reviewed studies examined whether violations can improve system performance or safety. Methodological suggestions and a macroergonomic framework are offered for improving future studies of the epidemiology of safety violations.
Composite anodes based on SnSb alloy and Li2.6Co0.4N compound can provide a reversible capacity more than 650mAh/g in solid polymer electrolyte. However, the capacity retention on cycling is poor at a high-capacity level. Limited lithium insertion (<500mAh/g) is favorable for the cyclability. Cyclic voltammetry of the composite electrode exhibits good electrochemical reversibility. Because the nano-sized SiO1.1 host has a relatively small volume change effect and different insertion potential from SnSb and Li2.6Co0.4N, its addition in a small amount into the composite electrode can improve the mechanical and cycling stability.
This paper is an Editorial for the special issue (SI) of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (RSER) devoted to the 12th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES), held from the 4th to 8th October 2017 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The key focus of RSER is to publish critical thinking across the wide field of renewable and sustainable energy. The journal publishes either pure review papers or research papers with a precise review element. Overall, the guest editors invited 36 papers presented on 12th SDEWES conference, of which 17 were accepted after rigorous peer review process. The SDEWES conferences present a continuous effort in gathering high level scientists and research papers across the field of sustainability and by now the amount of accumulated knowledge, through conference papers and special journal issues, is significant. Each SDEWES journal editorial presents a wider overview of special issue journal papers in order to maintain the continuation of knowledge generation on the main sustainability topics. The main topics covered in this RSER editorial include renewable energies with special focus on integration, markets and roadmaps, energy efficiency in buildings, industrial process and transport, bio based economy focused on bio based chemicals and biofuels, energy storage focused on batteries, thermal and geological storages and various sustainability assessments in several sectors and technologies. All were considered in light of the Circular Economy.
Although the olfactory receptor neurons converging onto the same glomeruli in the olfactory bulb are known, evidence for an olfactory map at cortical level is lacking. The current study finds that mitral cells that are born later during embryogenesis preferentially project to the olfactory tubercles as the late-born mitral cells tangentially migrate further on the axons of earlier born cells, forming an organization of neuronal projection into the olfactory cortex based on the timing of cell birth.
This paper describes the mathematical parametrization of an electrodynamical battery model using different model selection criteria. A good modeling technique is needed by the battery management units in order to increase battery lifetime. The elements of battery models can be mathematically parametrized to enhance their implementation in simulation environments. In this work, the best mathematical parametrizations are selected using three model selection criteria: the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), the Akaike Information Criterion ( A I C ) and the Bayes Information Criterion ( B I C ). The R 2 criterion only takes into account the error of the mathematical parametrizations, whereas A I C and B I C consider complexity. A commercial 40 Ah lithium iron phosphate ( L i F e P O 4 ) battery is modeled and then simulated for contrasting. The OpenModelica open-source modeling and simulation environment is used for doing the battery simulations. The mean percent error of the simulations is 0.0985% for the models parametrized with R 2 , 0.2300% for the A I C ones, and 0.3756% for the B I C ones. As expected, the R 2 selected the most precise, complex and slowest mathematical parametrizations. The A I C criterion chose parametrizations with similar accuracy, but simpler and faster than the R 2 ones.
Remote island communities face problems caused by the continuity and reliability of their power supply, which tend to be exacerbated when they rely on fluctuating renewables. In this paper the sizing of supply-demand-storage schemes is addressed in respect of their economy and feasibility. In the case of the French Atlantic Island of Yeu, high electricity peaks are common, due to tourism and to the seasonal use of second homes. A power plant dispatching model is used to simulate energy scenarios in 2030, subject to the supply-demand power equilibrium and the requirements of hydrogen-powered boats. Interconnected Yeu Island could accommodate 30 MW of renewables without curtailment, ensuring an electricity independence rate of 86% and renewable energy generation rate of 131% in the load, made up of wind (42%), solar (10%), tidal (21%), wave energy (25%) and biomass (2%). Excess energy could be exported through bidirectional cables, which are also the key adjustment variable in the reserve margins. Energy transition costs amount to 112 M€ in renewable-hydrogen projects, and 3 M€ for demand-side measures achieving a 2.7% reduction in load. An island self-sufficient power system with Yeu load characteristics would require at least 40 MW of variable renewables and 1 GWh energy storage capacity, at costs of 1.15 Bln€.
In order to analyze environmental dynamics, a major process is the classification of the different phenomena of the site (e.g. ice and snow for a glacier). When using in situ pictures, this classification requires data pre-processing. Not all the pictures need the same sequence of processes depending on the disturbances. Until now, these sequences have been done manually, which restricts the processing of large amount of data. In this paper, we present how to realize a semantic orchestration to automate the sequencing for the analysis. It combines two advantages: solving the problem of the amount of processing, and diversifying the possibilities in the data processing. We define a BPEL description to express the sequences. This BPEL uses some web services to run the data processing. Each web service is semantically annotated using an ontology of image processing. The dynamic modification of the BPEL is done using SPARQL queries on these annotated web services. The results obtained by a prototype implementing this method validate the construction of the different workflows that can be applied to a large number of pictures.
A new type of electrochemical cell has been developed for use in electrochemical, chemical and biological applications. Using a platinum microelectrode as working electrode, this cell incorporates a silver microelectrode as reference electrode. These microelectrodes, whose area is equal to 1μm2, were fabricated using photolithography, sputtering, and focused ion beam (FIB) technologies since these micro-fabrication techniques allow us to develop miniaturized electrochemical cells useful either for nanoelectrochemistry or biosensors applications. In this study, we show it is possible to coat a surface by chemical or biological compounds by immersing the microelectrodes in a solution, then setting a difference of potential between the two microelectrodes of the cell. For example, we used this miniaturized cell to realize the electrochemical polymerization of aniline into polyaniline to show that this electrochemical cell is efficient to coat a surface with a thin film of polymer.
In turf industry, the ability of a cultivar to use less water is an important consideration, especially where rainfall and irrigation water are insufficient. Knowledge of turf grass water-use patterns is therefore important for developing efficient water management practices and also for selection of drought-resistant cultivars. We evaluated the soil water‐use patterns of tall fescue and hybrid bluegrasses cultivars irrigated at different rates. Field experiments were conducted at the Turfgrass Research Facility, Auburn University, AL, in 2005 and 2006. Two tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars (‘Kentucky 31’ and ‘Green Keeper’) and four hybrid bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. × Poa arachnifera Torr.) cultivars, viz., HB 129 [‘Thermal Blue’], HB 130 (Experimental line), HB 328 (Experimental line) and HB 329 [‘Dura Blue’] were included in this study. Plots were irrigated based on the potential evapotranspiration, viz., 100% ET, 80% ET and 60% ET replacements. Tensiometers were installed at 0.075, 0.15 and 0.30 m depths, and their readings used to calculate the matric head, water content and water-use values. Turf color quality was determined from turf canopy digital images. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a random complete block design (RCBD) was conducted for available water, water-use and turf color quality values. Hybrid bluegrasses revealed significantly (P = 0.05) higher turf color indices compared to the tall fescue cultivars, but there was no indication of differential responses to irrigation among cultivars. Based on water-use data, hybrid bluegrass cultivars revealed significantly (P = 0.05) lower water-use compared to tall fescue cultivars.
On the way to sodium-based all-solid-state batteries, interface analysis is a key issue. In this work, the interface between two typical solid sodium-ion conductors (Na-β″-Al2O3 and NASICON) and the layered oxide material NaCoO2 is investigated. The formation of the interface between the electrolyte material and the NaCoO2 coating is studied using an in-situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) surface science approach. Only a slight reduction of zirconium and scandium in NASICON was observed in proximity to the cathode side interface, while severe reactions, including the formation of a CaOAl2O3 mixed phase, were detected between Na-β″-Al2O3 and NaCoO2.
The supercapacitive performances of Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 composites in lithium hydroxide solution are investigated in detail. Cyclic voltammetries and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements reveal that LiOH is the most suitable electrolyte for the composite electrodes among MOH (M=Li, Na and K). The redox behavior of the Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 composites different to that of the pure components shows that weight ratio of Co(OH)2/Ni(OH)2 exerts a great influence on the capacitive performances. After 1000 continuous charge/discharge cycles, the capacitance retention ratio for the composite electrode with the weight ratio of 2/3 is elevated from 41.6% to 88.2% compared with pure Ni(OH)2 electrode, exhibiting improved long-life cyclability.
The cathode/electrolyte interface stability is the key factor for the cycle life and the safety performance of lithium-ion battery. Triphenylphosphine(TPP) is studied as an additive for film-formation on the cathode electrode. TPP additive can be preferably oxidized than the solvent and then a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is in-situ formed on the cathode surface and it greatly improves the cycle stability of the cathode at high voltage. The capacity retention for the LiMn2O4 cathode, which is cycled up to 4.8V, is improved from 82% in the blank electrolyte to 93% in the TPP-containing electrolyte after 100 times at the current density of 148mA/g(1C).
Properties of lithium-ion battery electrodes relate to the complex microstructure that develops during solvent removal. We use cryogenic scanning electron microscopy in combination with broad ion beam slope-cutting (Cryo-BIB-SEM) for the ex-situ imaging of film formation in battery electrodes. Drying of anode films is quenched by cryo-preservation in slushy nitrogen at systematically increasing drying times, followed by SEM imaging under cryogenic conditions. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and image processing of segmented cross-sections are used to analyze the development of component gradients with time. We find electrode films to shrink homogeneously and not in a top-down consolidation process as previously hypothesized. Binder gradients evolve in the liquid phase and initiate solvent diffusion from the bulk to the surface, thereby dragging binder towards the surface. Capillary transport is identified as a fundamental process that directly impacts drying kinetics and binder distribution.
Energy storage technologies are required to make full use of renewable energy sources, and electrochemical cells offer a great deal flexibility in the design of energy systems. For large scale electrochemical storage to be viable, the materials employed and device production methods need to be low cost, devices should be long lasting and safety during operation is of utmost importance. Energy and power densities are of lesser concern. For these reasons, battery chemistries that make use of aqueous electrolytes are favorable candidates where large quantities of energy need to be stored. Herein we describe several different aqueous based battery chemistries and identify some of the research challenges currently hindering their wider adoption. Lead acid batteries represent a mature technology that currently dominates the battery market, however there remain challenges that may prevent their future use at the large scale. Nickel–iron batteries have received a resurgence of interest of late and are known for their long cycle lives and robust nature however improvements in efficiency are needed in order to make them competitive. Other technologies that use aqueous electrolytes and have the potential to be useful in future large-scale applications are briefly introduced. Recent investigations in to the design of nickel–iron cells are reported with it being shown that electrolyte decomposition can be virtually eliminated by employing relatively large concentrations of iron sulfide in the electrode mixture, however this is at the expense of capacity and cycle life.
Personal exposures to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) bound to airborne particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm (PM2.5) were measured in the context of a large-scale molecular epidemiological study in order to identify the impacts of air pollution on human health. Sampling was carried out in three industrial cities in the Czech Republic: Ostrava, Karvina and Havirov. The city of Prague, exhibiting much lower industrial air pollution but a high level of traffic, served as a control. The first monitoring campaigns were held in winter and were repeated in the summer of 2009. The active personal monitors PV 1.7 for PM2.5-bound c-PAHs were used. Non-smoking city policemen from Prague, Karvina and Havirov, and office workers from Ostrava, participated in the study. All participants completed a personal questionnaire and a time-location-activity diary. The average personal winter exposure to c-PAHs (sum of the eight PAHs—benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) was highest in Karvina, 39.1, followed by Ostrava at 15.1 and Prague at 4.3 ng/m3. The winter levels were significantly higher than the summer values (P<0.001): 4.3 in Karvina, 3.0 in Ostrava, 1.6 in Havirov and 1.0 ng/m3 in Prague. The average personal benzo[a]pyrene winter/summer exposures were: 6.9/0.6 in Karvina, 2.5/0.4 in Ostrava, 0.8/0.1 in Prague and 0.2 ng/m3 in summer in Havirov. In this study, we examined personal exposure to c-PAHs and tested it for associations with potential predictor variables collected from questionnaires, addressing life style factors and day-to-day activities. We found outdoor concentration, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, home heating fuel of coal, wood or gas, frequency of exhaust fan use, cooking and commuting by a car to be the main determinants of personal exposure.
Metallic melts containing Bi show a certain degree of anomalies in their physical and chemical properties. In order to facilitate computational design of novel Bi–alloys for industrial applications, the phase equilibria, phase diagrams and thermodynamics bases for Bi–Li and Bi–Na binary systems are investigated with the CALPHAD method, using reported experimental characterizations. The associate solution model is introduced to describe the thermodynamic properties of Bi–Li and Bi–Na melts, and two binary associates, e.g. BiLi3 and BiNa3, are taken into consideration. The intermetallic phases involved in such two binary systems are treated as stochiometric phases. Rhombohedral Bi, bcc Li and bcc Na are considered as phases without any solubility. The Gibbs energies of all the involved phases are formulated in this work, which can give satisfactory thermodynamic descriptions for related phase equilibria and phase diagrams.
Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from four different sourdough bread cultures previously investigated for antifungal activity. A total of 116 isolates were obtained and screened for antifungal activity against a battery of molds. The most inhibitory isolate obtained was identified by API 50 CHL and 16s ribosomal RNA genotyping and found to be Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans. This isolate completely inhibited the growth of Fusarium proliferatum M 5689, M 5991 and Fusarium graminearum R 4053 compared to controls in a dual agar plate assay.
Vanadium flow battery (VFB) has received tremendous attention because of its advantages such as long lifespan, easy to scale and flexible operation. Fabricating novel electrodes with high power density and wide operating temperature is critical to promote the practical application of VFB for all-climate energy storage. In this work, we describe a well-controlled method to prepare holey-engineered porous graphite felt (PGF) electrodes, in which nanosized pores are evenly distributed on the microscale graphite fibers of the graphite felt. Owing to its excellent electrolyte wettability and greatly enhanced surface area, the as-prepared PGF electrode exhibits high electrochemical activity towards VO2+/VO2 + and V2+/V3+ redox couples. As a result, the VFB single cell assembled with PGF electrodes demonstrates outstanding rate performance under current density up to 300mAcm−2. The resulting PGF electrode also exhibits superior long-term stability over 3000 charging-discharging cycles at a high current density of 150mAcm−2, and wide temperature adaptability from − 20°C to 60°C.
We synthesized polycrystalline ZnFe2O4 nanofibers via a facile electrospinning and annealing process. The ZnFe2O4 nanofibers exhibit continuous frameworks and uniform porosity through the abrupt combustion of the polymer and crystallization of inorganic elements. This well-defined structure and morphology facilitates Li+ transport, enhances the effective contact area with the electrolyte, and offers abundant active sites. For the ZnFe2O4 nanofiber anode, the reversible capacity reaches 753 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at the high current density of 5 A g−1 and the anode shows excellent rate performance. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the one-dimensional nanostructure and shortened diffusion pathways, which ensure full conversion reactions during lithiation-delithiation between Zn, Fe, and Li+, relieve volume expansion, and prevent pulverization/aggregation upon prolonged cycling at high current densities. Thus, we believe that ZnFe2O4 nanofibers present great potential as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
We demonstrate potential application of a new composite non-woven separator, which is comprised of a phase inversion-controlled, microporous polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) gel polymer electrolyte and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) non-woven support, to high-voltage and high-power lithium-ion batteries. In comparison to a commercialized polyethylene (PE) separator, the composite non-woven separator exhibits distinct improvements in microporous structure and liquid electrolyte wettability. Based on the understanding of the composite non-woven separator, cell performances of the separator at challenging charge/discharge conditions are investigated and discussed in terms of ion transport of the separator and AC impedance of the cell. The aforementioned advantageous features of the composite non-woven separator play a key role in providing facile ion transport and suppressing growth of cell impedance during cycling, which in turn contribute to superior cell performances at harsh charge/discharge conditions such as high voltages and high current densities.
Research has revealed the desirable characteristics to be gained from combining PM matrix composites with other materials - and the difficulties involved in manufacturing such products at a reasonable price. Joe Capus reports on a session at last Autumn's Euro PM World Congress in Vienna…
Phase pure, homogeneous, and well-crystallized lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4 was synthesized by aqueous co-precipitation of an Fe(II) precursor material and succeeding heat treatment in nitrogen. The particle morphology of the precursor is preserved during the heat treatments. Excellent electrochemical properties in terms of capacity, reversibility, cycling stability and rate capability have been achieved. The thermal stability of charged electrodes is superior versus other positive electrode materials. If reductive synthesis conditions are used in the heat treatments, problems arise from the possible generation of iron phosphide.
Lithium–nickel–cobalt–manganese oxide, Li[Ni x Co y Mn z ]O2 (NCM) is a low-cost cathode material with a high capacity and a moderately high rate capability, however, it still suffers from poor electrochemical performance. In this study, several types of additives are attempted to enhance the surface stability of high-Ni-content (Ni ≥ 60%) cathodes and the most effective additive turns out to be PS. The cycle performance in the presence of 2% PS is much improved at a high temperature of 60 °C: (1) 98.9% of its initial capacity is preserved, (2) the increase in thickness is only 17.9%, preventing undesired swellings, and (3) gases are not generated in large amounts with the internal pressure being 56.4 kPa. The FT-IR spectroscopy results suggest that the surface of the cathode in the presence of 2% PS is covered with a film of alkyl sulfone components (RSOSR and RSO2SR), which is possibly formed by the electrochemical oxidation of PS. The current results confirm that the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathodes can be improved via the appropriate use of additives. They also indicate that among the tested additive candidates in this study, PS is highly desirable for enhancing the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathodes.