batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective Determine computed tomography-guided percutaneous spine biopsy specimen adequacy, pathology-imaging concordance, and negative predictive value with battery-powered drill vs manual approach. Materials and Methods One-hundred-fourteen consecutive computed tomography-guided percutaneous spine biopsies in 109 patients (age: 61.1 ± 15.4 years; range: 17-90 years; males: 55, 50.5%; females: 54, 49.5%) performed at a single institution from September 2013 through January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Specimen adequacy was recorded. Imaging-pathology concordance was assessed. Chi-square tests compared specimen adequacy and imaging-pathology concordance obtained with a battery-powered drill vs manual approach. Negative predictive values were calculated. Results Battery-powered drill yielded slightly better, but not statistically significant, specimen adequacy (96% vs 90% overall, P = 0.270; 96% vs 89% for suspected neoplasm, P = 0.278; 95% vs 90% for suspected infection, P = 0.514), pathology-imaging concordance (82% vs 74% overall, P = 0.301; 92% vs 77% for suspected neoplasm, P = 0.107; 71% vs 65% for suspected infection, P = 0.602), and negative predictive value (65% vs 41% overall; 75% vs 33% for suspected neoplasm; 58% vs 33% for suspected infection). Four battery-powered drill procedures were technically unsuccessful. Conclusions Use of a battery-powered drill appears to yield similar to slightly better spine biopsy specimens than a manual approach, but also appears to carry a greater risk of technical failure. The battery-powered drill may be particularly helpful for procedures with complex approaches, but trajectory planning remains of paramount importance.
Transition metal based binary oxides and nitrides are commonly known to undergo electrochemical conversion reaction with lithium in a lithium ion battery (LIB). Here, based on ex-situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic studies, we propose an (de)insertion electrochemistry for a nanocrystalline vanadium nitride in a Li-ion cell. Upon carbon coating, the nano-VN delivers a stable capacity of 400 mAh g−1, which is comparable to the (de)insertion of one lithium per VN unit. A change in the electronic structure of VN, resulting from the Li+ ion insertion into the structure, is confirmed by temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurement.
Pre-hospital endotracheal intubation is more difficult than in the operating room (OR). Therefore, enhanced airway management devices such as video laryngoscopes may be helpful to improve the success rate of pre-hospital intubation. We describe the use of the Glidescope®-Ranger (GS-R) as an alternative airway tool used at the discretion of the emergency physician (EP) in charge.
Discharge behavior of the Zn negative electrode was investigated to elucidate the effects of Li+ as an additive in Zn batteries. Li+ influenced the dissolution of Zn as well as the formation of ZnO (passivation). The dissolution reaction was enhanced by Li+; step-flow dissolution at the Zn surface changed to dissolution from the entire surface. SEM observations of the ZnO formed due to the supersaturation of zincate ions showed morphological changes from acicular crystals to particulate clusters upon introduction of Li+; also, ZnO peaks in XRD patterns decreased. These changes indicated that Li+ suppressed the growth of ZnO, which was caused by the adsorption or incorporation of Li+ into the ZnO crystallites. In situ Raman analysis was carried out to monitor such a difference in the nucleation and growth processes. An E2 mode corresponding to crystalline wurtzite ZnO was dominant in the solution without Li+, while this mode diminished and an E1 (LO) mode corresponding to excess Zn in the interstitial sites of ZnO became strong in the presence of Li+. It was suggested that the Zn excess was introduced due to dominance of nucleation (reactions between zincate species) over the growth process (zincate decomposition at the surface).
Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit difficulties in handling social stress and utilizing efficient emotion regulation (ER) strategies to manage high arousal. While researchers called to assess ER in ASD, few studies utilized direct observations. We tested children’s behavioral and cortisol response to maternal and paternal unavailability and hypothesized that children with ASD will employ less complex ER strategies and their parents would show increased regulation facilitation effort to accommodate their child’s difficulties.
Electric vehicles and hybrids are expected to become increasingly common in the coming years. The implications of growing adoption depend on its geographical extent. For instance, vehicles that are chargeable from the electrical grid, such as plug-in hybrids, can introduce problems for the distribution network especially if the vehicle adoption is spatially concentrated. In this paper, the adoption of hybrid electric vehicles is analysed in heterogeneous areas. The main purpose is to study the interrelationships between early hybrid electric vehicle adoption and different demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the areas. It is further discussed how the results can be applied to estimate the upcoming plug-in hybrid adoption. As there is a vast amount of information in the various registers of the society, slowly being opened for free usage but not fully utilised so far, it is also of interest to study and demonstrate the usability of public register data in this context. Our analysis suggests that certain characteristics of the areas strongly correlate with the hybrid electric vehicle adoption. The results of this study could be relevant, e.g., for electric distribution network planning, targeting policies to support cleaner vehicle adoption, marketing hybrid vehicles and locating charging stations.
The compound NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2 is successfully synthesized via a solid state reaction route and its crystal structure is determined using powder X-ray diffraction data. NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2 phase is also characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2 crystallizes with the well-known NASICON-type structure. SAED and HRTEM experiments confirm the structural model, and no ordering between the PO4 −3 and SO4 −2 polyanions is detected. The electrochemical tests indicate that NaFe2(PO4)(SO4)2 is a 3 V sodium intercalating cathode. The electrical conductivity is relatively low (2.2 × 10−6 Scm−1 at 200 °C) and the obtained activation energy is ∼0.60eV. The GITT experiments indicate that the diffusivity values are in the range of 10−11-10−12 cm2/s within the measured sodium concentrations.
The WHO has proposed a novel model of healthy aging called intrinsic capacity (IC). However, the association between dietary patterns and IC is unclear. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and IC trajectories over a 3-year period in community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 60 years.
This study examined the development of phonological recoding in short-term memory (STM) span tasks among two clinical groups with contrasting STM and language profiles: those with Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS). Phonological recoding was assessed by comparing: (1) performance on phonologically similar and dissimilar items (phonological similarity effects, PSE); and (2) items with short and long names (word length effects, WLE). Participant groups included children and adolescents with DS (n =29), WS (n =25) and typical development (n =51), all with average mental ages around 6 years. The group with WS, contrary to predictions based on their relatively strong verbal STM and language abilities, showed no evidence for phonological recoding. Those in the group with DS, with weaker verbal STM and language abilities, showed positive evidence for phonological recoding (PSE), but to a lesser degree than the typical group (who showed PSE and WLE). These findings provide new information about the memory systems of these groups of children and adolescents, and suggest that STM processes involving phonological recoding do not fit with the usual expectations of the abilities of children and adolescents with WS and DS.
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (T-NCM) cathode material with hollow microsphere structure is synthesized by binary template method. The microspheres with diameters of about 2.5μm and hollow interior structure with walls thickness of approximately 0.8μm. When tested by half-cells, T-NCM material exhibits better electrochemical performances than LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (C-NCM) material prepared by co-precipitation method. Specifically, T-NCM sample delivers discharge capacities of 180.3, 148.5 and 127.8mAhg−1 at 0.2C, 5C and 10C rates between 3.0 and 4.3V, respectively. After 100 cycles, capacity retention ratios at 0.2C and 5C are 86.58% and 82.63%, respectively. In addition, application property of the as-synthesized materials is evaluated by the fabrication of 18650 full batteries. The 18650 battery assembled with T-NCM material as the cathode achieves discharge capacities of 2138.8, 1870.2, and 1652.2mAh at 0.5C, 5C and 10C rates under the voltage range of 2.75–4.2V, respectively, with capacity retention rate maintained as high as 96.30% after 500 cycles at current of 2 A (1C), which are superior to that of 18650 battery fabricated with C-NCM as the cathode. The better processability of T-NCM is ascribed to the more uniform particle size distribution and smaller particle size. The excellent electrochemical performances of T-NCM electrode in half-cells and 18650 full batteries can be attributed to the unique hollow microspheres structure. This work illustrates that the T-NCM material is a promising candidate as cathode material for power lithium ion batteries.
Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) nanotubes with high aspect ratio were fabricated by sequential deposition method using the porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template, which was prepared by two-step anodization method. The nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet/visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The results of XRD and X-rays energy dispersive analysis indicated that the nanotubes had a cubic structure with cell constant of a =10.24Ǻ and atomic ratio of Co to Fe of 3:2. The formation mechanism of CoHCF nanotubes in the inner wall of AAO template was discussed and verified by the cross-sectional SEM images. The electrochemical characteristics of CoHCF nanotubes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and its cyclic voltammogram was characterized with two couples of redox peaks with the formal potential of 652 and 467mV, respectively, in 0.2M of KCl solution at a scan rate of 20mV/s. The voltammetric results also indicated that the CoHCF nanotubes had high electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of ascorbic acid and dopamine compared with that of bulk prepared CoHCF sample. The methods presented in this work can be extended to fabricate nanotubes of hexacyanoferrates of other transition or rare earth metals.
The Gerson–Marshall (1959) relationship predicts an increase in dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) and therefore, recoverable energy density (Wrec) with decreasing dielectric layer thickness. This relationship only operates however, if the total resistivity of the dielectric is sufficiently high and the electrical microstructure is homogeneous (no short circuit diffusion paths). BiFeO3–SrTiO3 (BF–ST) is a promising base for developing high energy density capacitors but Bi-rich compositions which have the highest polarisability per unit volume are ferroelectric rather than relaxor and are electrically too conductive. Here, we present a systematic strategy to optimise BDS and maximum polarisation via: (i) Nb-doping to increase resistivity by eliminating hole conduction and promoting electrical homogeneity and (ii) alloying with a third perovskite end-member, BiMg2/3Nb1/3O3 (BMN), to reduce long range polar coupling without decreasing the average ionic polarisability. These strategies result in an increase in BDS to give Wrec = 8.2 J cm−3 at 460 kV cm−1 for BF–ST–0.03Nb–0.1BMN ceramics, which when incorporated in a multilayer capacitor with dielectric layers of 8 μm thickness gives BDS > 1000 kV cm−1 and Wrec = 15.8 J cm−3.
Hydraulic-pneumatic hybrid powertrains provide an opportunity for combined high power and high energy regenerative braking systems for heavy duty vehicles that need to transpose both highway and urban areas. The challenge in designing these systems resides in the proper sizing, integration, and control of the components to exploit with high efficiency the different energy and power range available in these applications. In the novel concept proposed here, braking energy is recovered by a hydraulic system and stored in a hydraulic accumulator and in an air reservoir. While the hydraulic system shares the vehicle propulsion in parallel to the internal combustion engine, the compressed air is used to power auxiliaries in power-assist mode. The conception, modeling, sizing, and system integration are presented, relying on commercially available components. The lumped parameter simulation model written in MATLAB/Simulink is first validated by comparing measurements and predictions for a laboratory system. Then, two conditions of braking energy recovery for a 19 tonnes bus are analyzed: a full stop, typical of urban driving, and a downward road slope, typical of highway driving. Results indicate that the system proposed is able to store 69% of the available energy during full stop and 14% in the highway downward slope. However, although the storage efficiency is smaller in the downward slope, the total energy recovered is 2.8 times larger than the energy recovered after full stop. Also, while the pneumatic energy stored is only 20% of the energy stored in the hydraulic accumulators after full stop, it is more than twice for the road slope. These results indicate an opportunity for significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of delivery trucks and buses.
Wireless sensor networks enable users to monitor the physical world at an extremely high fidelity. In order to collect the data generated by these tiny-scale devices, the data management community has proposed the utilization of declarative data-acquisition frameworks. While these frameworks have facilitated the energy-efficient retrieval of data from the physical environment, they were agnostic of the underlying network topology and also did not support advanced query processing semantics. In this paper we present KSpot+, a distributed network-aware framework that optimizes network efficiency by combining three components: (i) the tree balancing module, which balances the workload of each sensor node by constructing efficient network topologies; (ii) the workload balancing module, which minimizes data reception inefficiencies by synchronizing the sensor network activity intervals; and (iii) the query processing module, which supports advanced query processing semantics. In order to validate the efficiency of our approach, we have developed a prototype implementation of KSpot+ in nesC and JAVA. In our experimental evaluation, we thoroughly assess the performance of KSpot+ using real datasets and show that KSpot+ provides significant energy reductions under a variety of conditions, thus significantly prolonging the longevity of a WSN.
Polyanilines doped either with a protonic acid (HCl) or an electrolytic solution containing a lithium ionic salt (LiPF6 or LiBF4) are prepared and their electrochemical characteristics for use as polymer electrodes of lithium secondary batteries are investigated. An emeraldine base (EB) film doped with HCl has the highest d.c. conductivity (∼10 S/cm). An EB-LiPF6 film has higher conductivity (∼0.52 S/cm) than an EB-LiBF4 (∼0.082 S/cm) film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the films shows that some of the quinoid rings in EB are transformed into benzeniod rings through a doping process to generate polarons. The charge–discharge characteristics of lithium secondary batteries using the polyaniline films as positive electrodes are determined. The cell using the EB-LiPF6 film and an electrolytic solution containing LiPF6 exhibits the highest specific discharge capacity (∼50 mA h/g), whereas the cell using EB-HCl and LiPF6 solution has superior performance in the rapid saturation of discharge capacity and in stability.
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) is an important enzyme involved in tyrosine catabolism. HPD was shown to be identical to a protein named the F-antigen, exploited by immunologists because of its unique immunological properties. Congenital HPD deficiency is a rare, relatively benign condition known as hereditary type III tyrosinemia. Decreased expression of HPD is often observed in association with the severe type I tyrosinemia, and interestingly, inhibition of HPD activity seems to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of type I tyrosinemia. In this study we present a comprehensive analysis of tissue specific expression and intracellular localization of HPD in the rat. By combined use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we confirm previously known sites of expression in liver and kidney. In addition, we show that HPD is abundantly expressed in neurons in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. By using immunoelectron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we provide evidence that HPD contrary to earlier assumptions specifically localizes to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses of HPD purified from rat liver revealed N-terminal and C-terminal processing of HPD, and expression of recombinant HPD suggested that C-terminal processing enhances the enzymatic activity.
Electrolyte ordering near solid surfaces is of vital importance in diverse fields, ranging from physical chemistry, to energy storage, and heterogeneous catalysis. However, experimental determination of the structure of the electrode–electrolyte interface and electric double layer is challenging due to limited experimental approaches. In this work we show a detailed picture of the electrode–electrolyte interface relevant to Li-ion batteries. Specifically, we probe the atomic-scale interfacial structure of a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) salt via surface sensitive Ångstrom resolution X-ray reflectivity (XRR). We complement our experimental results with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and find good agreement between the experiment and simulation derived density profiles. The surface at open circuit voltage (OCV) induces layering of electrolyte molecules near the interface, which decays towards the bulk, and we conclude that both EC and DMC molecules in the first interfacial layer tend to adsorb parallel to the surface. With increasing salt-concentration, the layering periodicity and the degree of order increase. We discuss implications of our results to Li-ion batteries, with focus on the relation between interfacial structure and ion transport in and out of the electrode.
The compositions of lead anodic layers and structure strongly depends on, additives, concentration of sulfuric acid, and on potential region. A phenomenon of anodic excursion peaks was always in focus of many researches. In this work the behaviour of anodic excursion peak (AEP) in 0.5M H2SO4 solution is widely investigated by dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The changes of the impedance spectra and AFM images as a function of potential are presented in this paper. It is suggested that the occurrence of anodic excursion peaks cannot be caused by oxidation of bare metal induced by cracking, it can be related to the oxidation of anodic layer to the oxides with higher non-stoichiometric coefficient.
Carbonaceous materials are promising anode materials for alkali-metal ion batteries due to the abundant resource and high safety, while it is challenged by its low specific capacity and depressed rate capability in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). To further explore the potassium storage properties of carbon materials and exploit high-performance carbon anode for PIBs, in this work, hollow nanostructured N-doped carbon (p-HNCs) is elaborately designed through the tailoring of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for the first time. The detailed formation mechanism of hollow nanostructure is investigated and it is demonstrated that CQD micelles formed through hydrophobicity and lipophilicity are served not only as templates for the construction of hollow structure but also pore-forming agent for the generation of rich micro-tunnels, due to the decomposition and contraction of CQDs with releasing gases during the pyrolysis process. When applied for potassium storage, p-HNCs anode delivers high reversible specific capacities of 254 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles and 160 mAh g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 after 800 cycles. Notably, a desirable rate capability of 145 mAh g-1 is observed at 4.0 A g-1, derived from surface-driven behaviors. Moreover, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurement quantifies the improved diffusion coefficient of p-HNCs, indicating its superior kinetic property. This work shows us the special application of CQDs in structure construction and a valuable strategy to design high-performance carbon anode for potassium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.
China has been pushed to the brink of unsustainability by the foreseeable depletion of fossil-fuels and the observable deterioration of natural-environment, and transportation sector (especially the fuel consumed by on-road vehicles) is one utmost essential factor to the gigantic crisis. Therefore, making thinks and discussions upon the future route of vehicle power is significant to the sustainable development of China. For providing beneficial and reliable suggestions to a reasonable and scientific design on China׳s future route of vehicle power, the present article makes analysis and discussions in two steps. In the first step, three driven modes (including ICEs driven, electric driven, and hybrid driven) are reviewed on the current status in China, and the reliability and flexibility of each mode has been discussed upon the maturity of technologies, actual effects on energy saving with emissions reducing, and the commercialization potential. In the second step, the reliability and flexibility of three kinds of alternative fuel (including fossil-based fuels, biomass-based fuels, and hydrogen) have been analyzed and discussed, and the effects of energy dependence and potential energy supply are considered. Upon the analysis and discussions, the promising routes of China׳s vehicle power in short-and-medium term and medium-and-long term have been prompted.
Abstract Today the expenses related to all the other components in a photovoltaic (PV) plant beside the PV modules are higher than the PV module cost itself. Thus more attention is paid to inverters, mounting structures and planning aspects as well as operation and maintenance costs (O&M) to further reduce the total costs of PV electricity production. In the last two decades, the PV inverter markets focused on high efficiency values above 97% with longer guarantee periods to optimize costs. With the changes in customer needs additional features of PV inverters have called for the control of charging a battery. These complex PV systems installed in a building will become a basic function of PV inverters and thus will support the integration of fluctuating PV electricity into the distribution grid.