batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Trace water in nonaqueous electrolytes has been supposed to be detrimental to Li metal, which may induce formation of HF and corrode battery materials. Herein, we propose that a controllable AlCl3 is an efficient electrolyte additive for dendrite-free Li deposition. The additive could react with trace water in the electrolyte to form a stable Al2O3-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of Li and Al-based positively charged colloidal particles (PCCPs) in the electrolyte. PCCPs could form a positively charged electrostatic shield around the protruding lithium during the deposition process and induce the subsequent deposition of Li to the adjacent regions of the protruding Li, enabling a uniform and dendrite-free Li morphology. The assembled Li|Se and Li|Li4Ti5O12 batteries benefit from the synergism of SEI layer and PCCPs, thereby demonstrating the impressive capability for dendrite suppression of Li anode and improved electrochemical performance.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most known terms in present times, reaching new levels and setting a trend in the world. Evidently, it is the future of connectivity which has turned physical objects into intelligent objects. Therefore, there has been a growing curiosity in the IoT field and this leads to the concept of IoT ecosystem. But the contemporary fragmented ecosystem of regulations, technologies, and systems slows IoT deployments. Thus, we consider multi-tiered computational infrastructure which would be feasible to provide services from the nearest possible location of end devices. To mitigate multi-tier infrastructure issues, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) steps in. The journey behind SDN-supported multi-tier computational infrastructure can be understood from this paper’s elaborate study. Next, a comparative analysis on dew, roof, fog and cloud is conducted and the impact of internet on these computing paradigms is briefly explained. Then a novel framework termed “SD-DRFC (Software-Defined Dew, Roof, Fog and Cloud computing)” is proposed for today's IoT ecosystem. The role and functionality of each tier of SD-DRFC framework are adequately explained. A use case focused on the SD-DRFC framework is then presented and simulated by utilizing iFogSim simulator. To evaluate the efficiency of the presented SD-DRFC framework, four QoS parameters (Latency, Network Usage, Cost, and Energy Consumption) are considered in this paper. When comparing the simulation results, the presented SD-DRFC framework performs much better than cloud-only implementation. The advantages and suitability of utilizing this proposed framework have been demonstrated by multiple use-cases which range from conceptual visions to existing running systems.
Objective To examine the effect of a 12-week Tai Chi (TC) intervention on physical function and quality of life. Design Single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting General community. Participants Community-dwelling survivors of stroke (N=145; 47% women; mean age, 70y; time poststroke: 3y; ischemic stroke: 66%; hemiparesis: 73%) who were aged ≥50 years and were ≥3 months poststroke. Interventions Yang style 24-posture short-form TC (n=53), strength and range of movement exercises (SS) (n=44), or usual care (UC) (n=48) for 12 weeks. The TC and SS groups attended a 1-hour class 3 times per week, whereas the UC group had weekly phone calls. Main Outcome Measures Physical function: Short Physical Performance Battery, fall rates, and 2-minute step test; quality of life: Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results During the intervention, TC participants had two thirds fewer falls (5 falls) than the SS (14 falls) and UC (15 falls) groups (χ2=5.6, P=.06). There was a significant group by time interaction for the 2-minute step test (F2,142=4.69, P<.01). Post hoc tests indicated that the TC (t 53=2.45, P=.02) and SS (t 44=4.63, P<.01) groups had significantly better aerobic endurance over time, though not in the UC group (t 48=1.58, P=.12). Intervention adherence rates were 85%. Conclusions TC and SS led to improved aerobic endurance, and both are suitable community-based programs that may aid in stroke recovery and community reintegration. Our data suggest that a 12-week TC intervention was more effective in reducing fall rates than SS or UC interventions. Future studies examining the effectiveness of TC as a fall prevention strategy for community-dwelling survivors of stroke are recommended.
This article investigates an innovative concept of vehicle propulsion. An electric vehicle with limited battery packs is coupled with an innovative converter – a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with gas turbines system (SOFC- GT). This energy integrated converter is characterized by high energetic efficiency – around 70%, which includes also the integrated on board fuel reforming. Thus, the concept presents the advantage to extend the vehicle basic electric range thanks to this highly efficient converter. A second advantage is the reforming of a liquid fuel on board. Thus the H2 storage is avoided. The liquid fuel is methane produced from biomass and liquefied at 200 bars pressure in the vehicle tank. The vehicle concept is modeled under Matlab/Simulink as a serial range extender. The innovative conversion system of the integrated reforming, SOFC and gas turbines modules (GT) is modeled with a map based approach. The range extender is so introduced into a standard electric vehicle. The innovative range extender vehicle is thus optimized according to techno-economic and environmental criteria. The optimization is performed on the vehicle for optimal mobility service.
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries is dominated by the interphase electrochemistry between the electrolyte and electrode materials. A multitude of efforts have been dedicated to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the anode. However, the interphase on the cathode, namely the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), is left aside, partially due to the fact that it is hard to single out the CEI considering the complicated anode-cathode inter-talk. Herein, a partially delithiated lithium iron phosphate (Li0.25FePO4) electrode is used as the anode. Owing to a high voltage plateau (≈3.45 V vs. Li/Li+), negligible reduction reactions of electrolyte occur on the L0.25FePO4 anode. Therefore, the CEI can be investigated exclusively. Using a LiFePO4|Li0.25FePO4 symmetric cell configuration, we scrutinize the compatibility of the electrolytes containing a wide spectrum of lithium salts, Li[(FSO2)(Cm F2m+1SO2)N] (m = 0, 1, 2, 4), with the LiFePO4, in both cycling and calendar tests. It is found that the Li[(FSO2)(n-C4F9SO2)N] (LiFNFSI)-based electrolyte exhibits the highest compatibility with LiFePO4.
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) could be improved using a two-layered cathode produced by a simultaneous slot-die coating method. The composition in each layer contained different proportions of two conductive additives; one with a high percentage of micro-sized graphite, and the other with a high percentage of nano-sized carbon black. Of the four cell structures fabricated, the two-layered cathode with an upper layer having more carbon black and a lower layer having more graphite particles was found to give the best current discharge capacity and longer life cycle. This finding could have potential applications in new LIBs design.
Tetraalkylammonium salts of transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalates, such as [(n-C7H15)4N]6[α-SiW11O39Co] and [(n-C7H15)4N]6[α-SiW11O39Mn], efficiently catalyze cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxide. The catalytic activity is significantly influenced by the type of transition metal and the countercation (Co2+ ≈Mn2+ >Ni2+ >Fe3+ ≫Cu2+; (n-C7H15)4N+ >(n-C4H9)4N+ ≫K+). Co- or Mn-substituted catalysts required neither additional organic solvents nor additives. Thus, polyoxometalates are promising as nonhalogen anionic components of catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis.
Abstract The operational efficiency of a coke plant depends on three vital aspects: first, the produced coke should meet the quality standards required for the use of modern blast furnaces; second, the environmental consideration; and third, the cost of the coke. This has become progressively important due to the cost competitiveness of the iron and steel industry, which has become the key to survival. Therefore, the production of coke with optimal cost by adequate selection of cokemaking technology and the optimization of coal blend cost and operating parameters are the most important tasks for cokemakers. This chapter describes an overview of cokemaking technologies, fundamental aspects of carbonization, coal-blending practice in cokemaking with practical experience, and the influence of operating parameters and environmental regulations. A brief review of conventional by-product coke ovens is also part of this chapter.
The objective of this paper is to introduce the integration of the diverse factors that affect the performance of Photovoltaic panels and how those factors affect the performance of the system. Those factors include: environmental, PV system, installation, cost factors as well as other miscellaneous factors. Each of these factors is further classified into novel subcategories along with the reduction/increase effects of some factors on the system output. Solar irradiance, module temperature, dust accumulation, shading and soiling factors are some of the environmental concerns that have major effects. Panel's I-V characteristics, inverter, battery and panel efficiencies, panel material, atomic structure and band-gap energy are some of the system factors. As for the installation factors, cable characteristics, angle of inclination, mismatch effects, fixed/tracking PV mechanisms as well as MPPT are crucial to consider. Concerning the cost factors, the cables and the overall system costs are to be taken into consideration especially during payback period calculations. Other miscellaneous factors have a role in affecting the performance of the system such as degradations in the PV panel, panel resistances, performance ratio, maintenance and cleaning, sizing of the system as well as the surface area of the panel. The study results shall help both practitioners and researchers in having an inclusive overview about the several factors that can have an effect on the performance of the PV panels by removing the burden of having to search several studies under each category of factors. Moreover, researchers can build on this study by researching new ways to decrease the effect of certain factors which can further enhance the performance of the system. On the other hand, practitioners can introduce new systems that can be physically implemented in our daily lives to hinder the effect of factors negatively affecting PV panels’ performance.
With the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy, high-energy and power-density energy storage devices with the environmental and sustainable merits are highly needed. Herein, a convenient and sustainable approach was developed to construct 3D porous multi-component composites. The 3D Fe/Fe3O4/carbon composites were successfully derived from daily-used wet wipes. Such composites exhibited superior cycling and rate performance when evaluated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. A highly reversible capacity of 814.0 mA h g−1 at 180th cycle was delivered at the rate of 0.2 A g−1. Moreover, a high capacity of 648.1 mA h g−1 was retained after long-life cycling (435 cycles) at the high rate of 1.0 A g−1. The work provided a prospective guidance for developing eco-friendly, sustainable, high-performance electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications.
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were applied to a lithium (Li) metal battery system, and the behavior of Li electrodeposition on nickel electrodes in RTILs was investigated using in situ optical microscopy with/without an organic additive, vinylene carbonate (VC), in the RTILs. Two RTILs, PP13[TFSA] (N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) and EMI[FSA] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide), were chosen as the base electrolytes. Dendritic particles were obtained in the case of EMI[FSA] with and without VC, and PP13[TFSA] without VC, while non-dendritic fine particles were obtained in the case of PP13[TFSA] with VC.
A new type of planar fuel cell based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology has been developed. This planar design consists of an open cathode side which allows a completely passive, self-breathing operation of the fuel cell. Power densities of 100mW/cm2 at 500mV with hydrogen were achieved. Long-term operation for more than 1500h has been demonstrated. The operation behavior of planar hydrogen in free-breathing PEMFC concerning stability, water management and temperature distribution are examined. The effects of diffusion layer thickness and cathode opening ratios on the performance of this fuel cell type were characterized. Moreover, the amount of water removed from the anode and the temperature distribution of the cathode side were determined.
Modern Web 3D technologies allow us to display complex interactive 3D content, including models, textures, sounds and animations, using any HTML-enabled web browser. Thus, due to the device-independent nature of HTML5, the same content might have to be displayed on a wide range of different devices and environments. This means that the display of Web 3D content is faced with the same Quality of Experience (QoE) issues as other multimedia types, concerning bandwidth, computational capabilities of the end device, and content quality. In this paper, we present a framework for adaptive streaming of interactive Web 3D scenes to web clients using the MPEG-DASH standard. We offer an analysis of how the standard’s Media Presentation Description schema can be used to describe adaptive Web 3D scenes for streaming, and explore the types of metrics that can be used to maximize the user’s QoE. Then, we present a prototype client we have developed, and demonstrate how the 3D streaming process can take place over such a client. Finally, we discuss how the client framework can be used to design adaptive streaming policies that correspond to real-world scenarios.
A novel conducting polymer polyphenylene is used to in situ wrap the MWCNT-core/Sulfur-shell composite via the spontaneous polymerization reaction process of benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (ArN2 + BF4 −). The porous conductive polymer skin layer effectively prevents the dissolution of active sulfur and facilitates the diffusion of lithium ion towards to reaction site, due to the shortened diffusion distance. Moreover, this resulting architecture structure, Polyphenylene/S/MWCNTs, can accommodate the large volumetric expansion of sulfur during lithiation procedure, improving the cycling stability and rate capability of lithium-sulfur batteries. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1491.3mAh/g at 0.1C, and the remaining capacity is 1015.6mAh/g after 75 cycles. The as-prepared material also exhibits an excellent rate capability and cyclability at 0.5C, 1C and 5C. Our experimental results manifest that this composite is a potential candidate as cathode material for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries in the future.
In this work structural and transport properties of layered Li1+x (Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)1−x O2 oxides (x =0; 0.03; 0.06) prepared by a “soft chemistry” method are presented. The excessive lithium was found to significantly improve transport properties of the materials, a corresponding linear decrease of the unit cell parameters was observed. The electrical conductivity of Li1.03(Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)0.97O2 composition was high enough to use this material in a form of a pellet, without any additives, in lithium batteries and characterize structural and transport properties of deintercalated Li1.03−y (Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)0.97O2 compounds. For deintercalated samples a linear increase of the lattice parameter c together with a linear decrease of the parameter a with the increasing deintercalation degree occurred, but only up to 0.4–0.5mol of extracted lithium. Further deintercalation showed a reversal of the trend. Electrical conductivity measurements performed of Li1.03−y (Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)0.97O2 samples (y =0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.6) showed an ongoing improvement, almost two orders of magnitude, in relation to the starting composition. Additionally, OCV measurements, discharge characteristics and lithium diffusion coefficient measurements were performed for Li/Li+/Li1.03−y (Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)0.97O2 cells.
The emergence of smart grid technologies and applications has meant there is increasing interest in utilising smart meters. Smart meter penetration has significantly increased over the last decade and they are becoming more widespread globally. Companies such as Google, Nest, Intel, General Electric and Amazon are amongst those companies which have been developing end use applications such as home and battery energy management systems which leverage smart meter data. In addition, utilities and networks are becoming more aware of the potential benefits of using household smart meter data in demand side management strategies such as energy efficiency and demand response. Motivated by this fact, the amount of research in this area has grown considerably in recent years. This paper reviews the most recent methods and techniques for using smart meter data such as forecasting, clustering, classification and optimization. The study covers various applications such as Home and Battery Energy Management Systems and demand response strategies enabled by the analysis of smart meter data. From a comprehensive review of the literature, it was observed that there are remarkable discrepancies between the studies, which make in-depth comparison and analysis challenging. Data analysis and reporting guidelines are suggested for studies which use smart meter data. These guidelines could provide a consistent and common framework which could enhance future research.
The objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potential impact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes following transposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 different types of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobile phones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods used for preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a former study or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmium than the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the marking thresholds were labelled. Alkaline–manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, contained the lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc–carbon batteries, on average, contained the highest levels.
Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention over the past several decades. TNTs in the form of high-quality nanotube bundled structures may enhance the performance of several applications and may be suitable in various field; fuel cells, photocatalytic systems, energy storage devices, sensors and environmental analysis systems. The unique properties of TNTs make it able to be use in those field with minimum problems encountered. The fabrication of TNTs was discussed briefly with its advantages and disadvantages stated. Thus, this study investigates the use of TNTs in several promising applications and describes the current problems together with future potential developments in related fields.
High electrolyte resistance severely limits the response time and energy efficiency of an electric double layer capacitor electrode. Vertically oriented graphene nanosheets (VOG) having open, straight channel morphology is a new, attractive morphology with low electrolyte resistance. While CVD remains the dominant synthesis method for VOG electrodes, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, a facile, economical and scalable method for production of loose graphene flakes, can also provide a VOG electrode. Here we show, that the conditions of electrochemical exfoliation for producing VOG morphology is substantially different from using it to produce loose graphene flakes. In particular, a low pH solution leads to a better expansion of the graphite and substantially better VOG density while a high pH solution leads to the formation of loose graphene flakes. Sulfuric acid is better than other sulfate salt-based electrolyte solutions for the synthesis of a VOG electrode. The electrolyte concentration, exfoliation time, and current density also affect the electrode capacitance. The optimal process conditions provide a VOG electrode of areal capacitance 750 mF/cm2. A capacitor consisting of two identical VOG electrodes shows a volume capacitance density of 1.56 F cm−3 higher than most of the literature values for supercapacitors.
Different thickness of Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 thin films were deposited on stainless steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscope results reveal that the thin film with highly preferred c-axis orientation is composed of homogeneous nano-sized grains. The charge/discharge tests indicate that the 0.55μm thick film demonstrates a high initial discharge capacity of 175.3mAhg−1 and a retention of 91% after 30 cycles at a current density of 13mAg−1. Furthermore, as the current density increases from 13 to 130mAg−1, about 89% of its initial discharge capacity can be maintained, exhibiting excellent rate capability. These superior electrochemical properties would promote Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 thin film to be a promising cathode material for sodium-ion micro-batteries.
Recently, aluminium–air batteries have received great attention because of their high specific capacity and low cost. However, corrosion of the aluminium (Al) anode is a critical problem limiting their practical applications. In this study, a decrease in the corrosion and an increase in the discharge performance of the Al anode were demonstrated through the use of nano-yttrium-stabilized zirconium (nano-YSZ). Three weight ratios of nano-YSZ blended with Al were prepared via mechanical stir casting. The surface hardness of the new Al alloys was determined using nano-indentation method and phase transition. Crystallite size measurements were conducted using X-ray diffraction analysis. Subsurface morphologies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion studies were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry. The discharge and short-circuit studies of the prepared Al–air battery were undertaken using different Al alloy anodes. The results demonstrated that the Al anode having a higher ratio of nano-YSZ (5 wt%) had the highest discharge behaviour and excellent corrosion resistance making it a potential candidate as an electrode for the Al–air battery.