batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Peduncular hallucinosis (PH) consists of formed and coloured visual images, which the patient knows are unreal; it is often associated with lesions of the pons, midbrain and diencephalon. A 72-year-old man had noted the sudden onset of visual hallucinations one year before, specifying the time and body position in a 4-week, 24-h diary. Thereafter, he underwent video-polysomnography (VPSG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography (MRA), proton spectroscopy (1H MRS), and single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Patient’s diaries and VPSG showed a strong clustering of hallucinatory experiences during the evening/night time while lying in supine position, similar to hypnagogic hallucination and sleep paralysis in supine position. Repeated episodes of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) occurred during the night. MRI and MRA showed an elongated and dilated left internal carotid artery displacing the left subthalamus upwards, and 1H MRS relatively decreased N-acetyl-aspartate in the left subthalamus. Brain SPECT during PH revealed hypoperfusion in the right temporal region and hyperperfusion in the left occipital and right opercular regions (the latter possibly related to the patient’s awareness of unreality). PH resolved with serotonergic (citalopram) therapy.
Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, electric vehicles have become more and more popular. Compared to traditional fuel vehicles, the electric vehicles are integrated with more high-voltage components, which have potential security risks of insulation. The insulation resistance between the chassis and the direct current bus of the battery pack is easily affected by factors such as temperature, humidity and vibration. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electric vehicles, it is necessary to detect the insulation resistance of the battery pack. This paper proposes an insulation detection scheme based on low-frequency signal injection method. Considering the insulation detector which can be easily affected by noises, the algorithm based on Kalman filter is proposed. Moreover, the battery pack is always in the states of charging and discharging during driving, which will lead to frequent changes in the voltage of the battery pack and affect the estimation accuracy of insulation detector. Therefore the recursive least squares algorithm is adopted to solve the problem that the detection results of insulation detector mutate with the voltage of the battery pack. The performance of the proposed method is verified by dynamic and static experiments.
Black phosphorus (BP) is a little-studied but promising next-generation anode material for high-energy density Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. To understand the relationship between material property and electrochemical performance, black phosphorus-graphite (BP-G) composite materials are synthesized with two different BP-G molar ratios. This study demonstrates that the crystal structure and PC bond of BP-G composites are affected by the BP-G molar ratio, which are directly correlated to cycle stability and the lithiation/delithiation process. BP0.9G1 shows a medium-range ordered structure, retaining some features of BP and having fewer or weaker PC bonds. In contrast, BP0.3G1 has an amorphous-like structure with robust PC bonds, which is helpful in withstanding the large volume change upon lithiation or delithiation. As a result, fracture and pulverization of particles, which are clearly seen in BP0.9G1 electrode, are scarcely observed in the cycled BP0.3G1 electrode. The possibility of mechanical failure in the BP-based electrode induced by BP's hydrophilic nature and the formation of Cu3P is also discussed. This work not only contributes to improving the current understanding of phosphorus-based anodes, but also provides direct evidence of fracture and pulverization of BP particles during cycling.
Future vehicle applications require the development of reliable and long life batteries operating under high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) working conditions. This paper updates work carried out to develop spiral wound valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for vehicles with different hybridisation degrees, ranging from stop-start to mild hybrid applications. Former work on design optimisation and active material formulations has been implemented in two spiral wound VRLA batteries, rated 12V 50Ah and 6V 24Ah, and these two products are currently being tested both in benches and in vehicles with different hybridisation degrees within a demonstration project funded by the Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium and in collaboration with several European vehicle and electrical component manufacturers.
Recent attention has been focused on the synthesis and application of flexible lithium-ion battery electrodes for the development of high-performance and durable electronic devices. Herein, we synthesize a novel composites with carbonized cotton covered by graphene/SnO2 (CGN/SnO2), in which SnO2 nano-particles grow in-situ on the cotton fibers covered with graphene oxide (CGO) under the following thermal annealing process. The conductivity of the composites and the sizes of the SnO2 particles in the composites could be expediently adjusted by changing the thermal annealing temperatures. The as-prepared flexible CGN/SnO2 composites can be directly used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries without the addition of conductive additive, binder and current collector. The CGN/SnO2 composites prepared at 500°C have exhibited a good reversible specific capacity (calculated by the weight of whole electrode) of 406mAh·g−1 (1.70mAh·cm−2) after 80cycles. This work provides an effective way for the metal oxide composed with flexible carbon framework, promising to develop a new portable electrochemical energy-storage electrode.
The nature of Li–Si alloy phases that are generated in electrochemical lithiation is examined as a function of temperature. The electrochemical lithiation is performed at 0.0V (vs. Li/Li+) by short-circuiting an amorphous Si thin-film electrode with a Li metal counter electrode. At 25–85°C, the well-known Li15Si4 phase (theoretical specific capacity=3580mAhg−1) forms. At 100–120°C, however, Li21Si5 (4008mAhg−1) that is known to be the most Li-rich phase in Li–Si system is generated. The crystallization into Li21Si5 is, however, so kinetically slow that it does not appear in the transient cycling experiment. The Li21Si5 phase is converted to amorphous Si upon de-lithiation, but the restoration back to the initial phase is only observed at 100–120°C after a prolonged lithiation at 0.0V. The cycleability of this phase is poor due to a successive Li trapping inside the Si matrix, which is caused by the formation of electrically isolated Si islands.
A novel hybrid material constructed from 2D graphene nanosheets (GNS) and 1D vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanowires was successfully fabricated via a very simple green approach. The ultralong V2O5 single crystalline nanowires were supported on the transparent GNS substrate and exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. When used as a cathode material of lithium-ion batteries, the composite material revealed high initial discharge capacities and exceptional rate capacities. For instance, at the lower current density of 50 mA g−1, an initial specific discharge capacity of 412 mAh g−1 could be achieved; when the current density was increased to 1600 mA g−1, the composite still delivered 316 mAh g−1lithium ions. The good performance of the composite resulted from its unique nano-scaled V2O5 wires with short diffusion pathway for lithium ions and the excellent electrical conductivity of GNS. Note that the fabrication approach in the present work is environmental friendly without any strong reduction and oxidation reagents, or causing the generation of toxic gas during the fabrication process. We believe that this green approach may open up the possibility of fabricating more novel structured graphene-based functional materials.
This paper presents an improved impregnation–reduction (I–R) method for modifying a Nafion membrane that achieves a lower methanol crossover. During impregnation of the Nafion membrane in Pd(NH3)4Cl2 solution, an electric field was conducted across the membrane to enhance the migration of Pd ions. After impregnation, Pd ions were reduced to form Pd nanoparticles by soaking the membrane in NaBH4 solution. The test results show that the Pd–Nafion membrane prepared by the improved I–R method has higher proton conductivity and lower methanol permeability than that prepared by usual I–R method.
Reverse logistics (RL) has strategic importance. However, little is known concerning what motivates firms to adopt RL systems. Drawing on stakeholder theory formulations, organizational slack, and the manager's strategic stance concept, this article develops a model that proposes external, internal, and individual factors that affect the implementation of RL programs. Our framework considers three major explicative variables: the attributes of the stakeholder (power, legitimacy and urgency), organizational slack for RL programs, and the manager's strategic posture. The study draws on a sample of 118 Spanish companies and uses a probit model to determine the influence of these factors on the probability of firms to implement RL systems. The study finds that customers, employees, and the government salience in terms of RL activities and manager's progressive posture have a significant influence on the final decision of implanting RL programs. Conversely, the study finds that shareholder salience negatively impacts the decision.
A facile hydrothermal method is developed to prepare rutile titania sub-microflowers consisting of nanorods with oxalic acid and TiOSO4 as reagents. The diameter of sub-microflowers and nanorods is found to be ca. 800 and 40nm, respectively. Also, the shape and size of building blocks in rutile titania sub-microflowers can be considerably controlled via adjusting the reaction time and reactant amounts. Rutile titania sub-microflowers composed of nanorods display higher discharge capacity and better rate cycle stability than other rutile titania nanostructures as lithium-ion battery anode material due to enhancing the Li-ion transfer rate for small size building blocks.
This article presents an overview of the Technology Revolution and how corporations compete in an era of economic transformation. We draw on a state-of-the-art forecasting system to outline strategic technological advances that are likely to enter the mainstream and their expected impacts. To better understand how to navigate this wave of change, we examine three corporate exemplars that have thrived by surfing the leading edge of the technology tsunami—Netflix, Apple, and Toyota. Then we integrate what can be learned from these cases into guidelines for technology strategy. Collectively, the forecasts, exemplars, and guidelines should help improve understanding of the rising wave of creative destruction and advance research on forecasting, technology, and strategy.
A kind of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on natural composite polymers matrix of lignocellulose (LC) and potato starch with higher comprehensive performance is prepared. This study reveals that when the content of potato starch is 5wt.%, the composite membrane presents 6 times tensile strength of pure LC membrane and high electrolyte uptake of 194%. Meantime, the ionic conductivity of 1.27mScm−1, lithium ion transference number of 0.79, wide electrochemical window and good affinity with electrodes for the as-prepared GPEs can be obtained. In addition, the Li/GPE/LiFePO4 cells display excellent initial discharge capacity, rate and cycling performances. Therefore, the high performance, low cost and biodegradable GPE with the optimized material proportion developed in this work for application in lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Vocal reaction times were measured in Italian dyslexics and in proficient readers while they read single words. Three groups of control participants (for a total of 79) were tested. All were in the first, second or third grade of elementary school. Nine third graders with a low level of reading ability when assessed by standard reading procedures were also tested. Results indicated that vocal RTs of control participants were faster and less sensitive to word length as a function of age; also, there was a particularly marked change between first and second graders. Dyslexics’ vocal RTs and errors were much worse than those of peer control participants and resembled those of first grade controls. It is suggested that normal readers in an orthographically transparent language (Italian) adopt a lexical strategy quite early in their learning. On the contrary, dyslexics seem unable to learn this mode of processing and continue to use a sub-lexical reading procedure.
Although promising improvements have been made in the field of Li–S rechargeable batteries, they are still far from reaching the market place due to several drawbacks. To combat the solubility of polysulphides, confinement approaches aiming to trap sulphur within the cathode side have been pursued, but success has been limited. Herein, we drastically deviate from this approach and use a liquid cathode obtained either by dissolving polysulphides within the electrolyte or by placing sulphur powders in contact with the Li negative electrode. Such approaches are shown to result in greater performance than confinement approaches. Such a strategy eliminates the detrimental Li2S formation inside a porous carbon matrix and moreover leads to the formation of a protective SEI layer at the Li electrode, as deduced by impedance spectroscopy and XPS, which seems beneficial to the cell cycling performance.
A novel template-free method to synthesize NiO microstructures is reported and the electrochemical properties of the fabricated microstructures are evaluated. Applying hexamethylenetetramine hydrolysis under a refluxing condition for 2h, α-Ni(OH)2 microstructures were synthesized, subsequent calcination at 300°C yielded NiO microstructures that retained the morphologies of their predecessors. The fabricated NiO microstructures had high specific surface area, large pore volume, and narrow pore size distribution making them ideal candidates for supercapacitor applications. The NiO microstructures have the high specific capacitance and displayed a good retention for more than 1000 cycles in a cycling test. The results suggest that NiO microstructures are a promising supercapacitor electrode material.
For studying the mechanism related to the microscopic internal structure of porous carbon additives in lead-carbon batteries, we conducted the electrochemical experiments with a three-electrode system on a lead-doped mesopore-dominated porous carbon (Pb@MC) composite in a Pb2+ containing H2SO4 electrolyte. Through the electrochemical measures, lead particles on the external surface of carbon could be not only electrodeposited into the nano-sized pores of carbon, but also attached on the pore wall with atomic state, which was observed for the first time by using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Aberration Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (ABF-STEM) with the help of ultrathin sectioning. The nano-lead electrodeposits on the internal surface of carbon didn’t grow up because they were confined by the nano-sized pores of carbon. These nano-lead deposits could not only effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution, but also contribute the pseudocapacitance and enhance the reversible reaction of Pb/PbSO4, and thus result in the longer cycle performance of lead-carbon batteries.
Energy sharing has gained substantial popularity in improving the controllability of distributed energy resources (DERs). The existing literature focuses on how energy sharing contributes to local power balances, but the benefits of sharing DERs for peak shaving has not been explored. In this paper, we propose a novel energy sharing scheme, in which an aggregator takes advantage of users’ shared DERs for peak shaving and load balance. Based on an energy and capacity market framework, an integrated energy sharing model is formulated to incorporate the reliability charge for the aggregator. Each user is modeled as an agent making strategic investments in solar and battery storage systems while considering sharing the idle DERs. To guarantee that every user has incentive to participate in the energy sharing scheme, we design an incentive mechanism that achieves a fair benefit allocation according to users’ contributions. A new index, termed sharing contribution rate (SCR), is presented that quantifies different users’ contributions to both energy sharing and peak shaving. Based on the users’ SCRs, an asymmetric Nash bargaining model is formulated for benefit allocation, which is solved in a decentralized manner. Case studies based on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed scheme can incentivize users to invest in and share DERs, thus effectively mitigating peak load.
Sterile processing (SP) plays a vital role in patient safety. With ever-changing technology in surgical instrumentation, sterilization/disinfection methods, and monitoring, there is an increasing need for staff well educated in SP. Health care facilities need a standardized orientation program and consistent, on-going educational programs designed specifically for SP. Mandatory certification for SP professionals is a highly recommended, laudatory goal.
Changes are shown in the spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time caused by the putative deposition of manganese in various brain regions of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patients using a novel and fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for quantitative relaxation time mapping. A new method, T1 mapping with partial inversion recovery (TAPIR), was used to obtain a series of T1-weighted images to produce T1 maps. Imaging of 15 control subjects and 11 patients was performed on a 1.5T MRI scanner. The measurement time per patient with this technique, including adjustments, was ∼5 minutes. Regions of interest in the globus pallidus, the caudate nucleus, the posterior and anterior limbs of the internal capsule, the putamen, the frontal and occipital white matter, the white matter of the corona radiata, the occipital visual and frontal cortices, and the thalamus were interactively defined in the left hemisphere and analyzed with respect to their T1 values. T1 changes in the brains of HE patients can be determined quantitatively with TAPIR in short, clinically relevant measurement times. Significant correlations between the change in T1 and HE severity have been shown in the globus pallidus, the caudate nucleus, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule. No significant correlation of T1 with grade of HE was found in the putamen, frontal white matter, white matter of the corona radiata, white matter in the occipital lobe, the anterior limb of the internal capsule, visual cortex, thalamus, or frontal cortex. In conclusion, these measurements show that T1 mapping is feasible in short, clinically relevant acquisition times.
The blending of different Li-insertion compounds is a successful concept to tailor the properties of electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Recent own studies and reports from literature suggest internal redox processes that do not occur in electrodes consisting of a single type of active material. Herein, we summarize recent electrochemical experiments along with theoretical considerations related to internal dynamics in blended insertion electrodes. A special experimental setup and a model-like blend electrode is applied to capture any interactions among the constituents of the blend. In accordance with theoretical considerations from the literature, it is shown experimentally that the constituents are charged/discharged independent from each other, which can lead to high effective C-rates for an individual constituent. At high loads, a constituent with fast reaction kinetics can act as an internal pathway, carrying the current for a more rate-limited constituent. This effect enables very good rate capability but also includes multiple reaction steps, which might reduce the cycle life performance. Furthermore, it is shown that changes in temperature induce a redistribution of Li among the constituents without any active cycling of the cell. These recent insights regarding internal dynamics are discussed with respect to beneficial and unfavorable impacts on the performance of Li-ion batteries with blended insertion electrodes.
The application of synchrotron X-ray techniques has led to major advances in our understanding of the electrode–electrolyte interface and electrode processes. X-ray techniques such as glancing incidence X-ray scattering and X-ray reflectivity have contributed greatly to our understanding of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Hard X-rays (with energies of ∼5–15 keV) have a large penetration depth in aqueous solution (∼1 mm), which permits in situ measurements. X-ray wavelengths are comparable to atomic dimensions, and hence, X-ray scattering techniques probe structure at an atomic scale. However, the weak interaction of X-rays yields small signals. In a typical in situ experiment a flat electrode surface contains ∼1014 atoms, so the signal is small. The problem is exacerbated by scattering from the ∼1020 atoms in the electrolyte. However, these difficulties have been overcome with the use of the intense radiation from synchrotron sources. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is another very powerful synchrotron X-ray probe. It yields both chemical information and short-range structural information. This issue contains a collection of 20 papers devoted to the application of synchrotron X-ray scattering and spectroscopy in electrochemistry. Almost all of these papers involve in situ studies. The papers illustrate the many aspects of electrochemistry that can be investigated by synchrotron X-ray techniques. Because of the diversity of the areas covered, the papers are arranged as follows:•The Electrode–Electrolyte Interface.•Corrosion.•Lithium Battery Materials.•Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries. The Electrode–Electrolyte Interface. Corrosion. Lithium Battery Materials. Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Batteries. All are invited papers. The papers were reviewed and all the accepted papers underwent either minor or major revisions. I would like to express my gratitude to all the authors of this Special Issue and I am indebted to the referees.
Li1·2(Mn0·53Co0.27)O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized using a microwave sintering method. The as-prepared material remained in an octahedral shape after sintering at 800 °C with a rapid heating rate of 35 °C min−1. The as-prepared sample was demonstrated to have better electrochemical performance than that synthesized using a conventional method. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the minor change in material morphology and less particle agglomeration in the macroscopic scale, which depends on the rapid-sintering mechanism provided by microwave sintering. The rapid-sintering mechanism was studied in an in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) heating experiment, which directly presented the crystal growth process and the evidence for the morphological damage of Li1·2(Mn0·53Co0.27)O2 materials at approximately 830 °C.
Sodium polymer electrolytes, as much safer electrolytes, are expected to be applied in sodium batteries. Here we present a systematic analysis of the NaTDI-PEO electrolytes. Their relatively high conductivity is explained by means of detailed structural, thermal and spectroscopic studies. On the basis of these results and with help of the database obtained for NaTDI-glyme system, we propose the coordination modes for polymer-salt complex phases. Thanks to this, it is possible to simulate intramolecular interactions both in crystalline and amorphous phases and explain the influence of formed crystalline phases on the observed conductivity relationship.