batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
As more and more applications require high energy density electrochemical storage systems that deliver more than 200 Wh/kg, Lithium-ion batteries with silicon-based anodes provide promising electrochemical properties especially high specific capacity. In this paper, we present micro-grain structured silicon deposited by DC sputtering on special copper foil that serves as current collector. It is demonstrated that high-density silicon anodes are obtained with more than 2000 mAh g−1 and 2.0 mAh cm−2 that can be considered as a commercial value. In addition, irreversible capacity during the first galvanostatic cycle can be lower than 20% for such anodes. Finally, it is found that there exists a clear correlation between the grain-size and the texture of the amorphous silicon to the electrochemical performance of half-cells.
An advanced lithium ion battery using nanostructured tin–carbon lithium alloying anode and high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel-type cathode is studied, with particular focus to the low temperature range. The stable behavior of the battery is assured by the use of an electrolyte media based on a LiPF6 salt dissolved in EC-DEC-DMC, i.e. a mixture particularly suitable for the low temperature application. Cycling tests, both in half cells and in full lithium ion battery using the Sn–C anode and the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, performed in a temperature range extending from room temperature to −30 °C, indicate that the electrode/electrolyte configuration here adopted may be suitable for effective application in the lithium ion battery field. The full cell, cycled at −5 °C, shows stable capacity of about 105 mAh g−1 over more than 200 charge–discharge cycles that is a relevant performance considering the low temperature used for the study.
In this review, the recent advances in the development of in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques and their application for the study of lithium-ion batteries are revisited. It is demonstrated that, during a relatively short period of time (1995–2013), the spectroelectrochemical techniques used for the investigation of battery components, benefited directly from the tremendous advances of Raman technology. The most important step was the implementation of confocal Raman microscopy in the battery research, which opened the way to new and more sophisticated applications. This review shows how the discovery of new Raman techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy as well as the integration of Raman spectrometers into non-optical microscopes, for example AFM and SEM, allowed to perform two or more analytical techniques on the same sample region, with an exceptionally high resolution. All these progresses led to new insights into battery materials and components such as electrodes and electrolytes, and helped to understand the electrode/electrolyte interface phenomena. This enhanced understanding allowed a deeper insight into important phenomena, as e.g., battery aging and the dynamic nature of the solid electrolyte interfaces in lithium batteries. The high relevance of the information provided by these techniques in the progress of battery modeling is another positive contribution. Another area of high practical significance for the battery field is the screening of electrode materials, which is facilitated by the availability of the data provided by spectroscopic methods.
An ac impedance spectroscopic study of LiMg0.05Co0.95O2, prepared by sol–gel process, is presented. The results are interpreted on the basis of the equivalent circuit proposed for LiCoO2 oxide that takes into account the ionic and electronic transport processes. The results demonstrate that the intercalation/deintercalation reaction occurs through two-steps processes involving an adatom mechanism that may be described in terms of partially desolvated lithium ions adsorbed/desorbed from the electrode surface and insertion/loss of an electron from the conduction band of the host followed by diffusion of Li+ to/from the lattice intercalation site. Mg doping of LiCoO2 affects the electrochemical and electronic properties of the pristine oxide by facilitating the insulator-to-conductor transitions that are responsible of the phase transition in the undoped material.
Due to the increasing shortage of fish in the seas, Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) play a very important role in fishing activity monitoring, control and surveillance. In this context, the detection of fishing activities in prohibited zones is a critical task. Although position, speed and other information are provided by the VMS system, detecting fishing activities using only this type of information may be rather ineffective. The purpose of this paper is to propose an intelligent video-surveillance system that is able to automatically detect if (and when) fishing activities occur by automatically visually monitoring the vessel activities. After detection, the Control Center would be informed of relevant events and receive visual data through a low-bandwidth, low-cost satellite link to check if illegal activities are effectively being performed. To achieve this goal, the proposed visual monitoring solution adopts a deep-learning approach twice: First, to detect the fishing activities at the vessel, a well-known convolutional neural network designed for image classification is exploited. Second, to enhance at the Control Center the heavily compressed decoded images, transmitted with a low-bandwidth satellite channel, a convolutional neural network suitable for image restoration is also used. The proposed monitoring system follows a new approach for the problem addressed based on image data and can significantly improve the VMS even detection and validation efficiency by exploiting advanced image processing tools, thus helping to ensure the availability and sustainability of fish stocks for generations to come.
A novel approach for enhancing the electrochemical performance of graphite felt electrodes by employing non-precious metal oxides is designed for an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Lead dioxide (PbO2) is prepared through pulse electrodeposition method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that PbO2 exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and reactive velocity to vanadium redox couples. The coulombic efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) of the vanadium redox flow battery with as-prepared electrodes at 70 mA cm−2 are 99.5%, 82.4%, and 82.0%, respectively; these values are much higher than those of a cell assembled with bare graphite felt electrodes. The outstanding electro-catalytic activity and mechanical stability of PbO2 are advantageous in facilitating the redox reaction of vanadium ions, leading to the efficient operation of a vanadium redox flow battery.
We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study to examine fracture patients’ interpretations of their most recent bone densitometry results and perceptions of their current bone health. English-speaking outpatients who had sustained a fragility fracture in the previous 18–24mo and reported having at least 1 previous bone mineral density (BMD) test were eligible. Data were collected through semistructured interviews in patients’ homes. Patients were asked to describe their most recent BMD test results and perception of their bone health status based on these results. Eighteen patients (14 women and 4 men) aged 49–82yr were recruited. BMD results showed bone density in patients to be normal (n=4), osteopenic (n=9), and osteoporotic (n=5). A correct diagnosis was recalled by 6 patients. Two common interpretations of BMD test results emerged: (1) no news was considered to be good news (n=9) and (2) evidence of compromised bone health was not considered to be serious or accurate (n=6). Medication adherence did not appear to be associated with perception of bone health or actual BMD results. Patients’ perceptions of their current bone health did not correspond to the results of their most recent BMD test. Standardized bone densitometry reporting may improve patients’ understanding of their bone health.
Interfacial stability is regarded as one of the greatest challenges in the commercialization of Ni-rich layered cathode materials, especially at high voltage. In this study, amorphous silica modified LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials (NCM622) are successfully prepared by chemical grafting method using silane coupling agent (KH550). As the cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the amorphous SiO2 modified NCM622 retains 98.96% capacity retentions over 3.0–4.3 V after 100 cycles and 91.68% over 3.0–4.6 V after 50 cycles, higher than those for the pristine NCM622, which are only 91.60 and 77.38%, respectively. Such significant improvements are mainly attributed that the uniformly amorphous SiO2 layers enhance the interfacial structure of NCM622 cathode materials. The homogenous SiO2 coating layer greatly inhibits the formation of the inactive LiF and NiF2 etc. which originate from the erosion of electrolyte to electrodes and decomposition of electrolyte at the elevated voltage. In addition, the structure degradation of NCM622 cathode materials is also effectively suppressed during cycling due to the scavenger of the HF by the amorphous SiO2. The chemical grafting method with silane coupling agent provides an optimized and effective modifying routine for high performance silica modified cathode materials, especially for the high voltage performance.
The implementation of an innovative and sustainable professional pharmacy service in routine care requires substantial resources borne by the pharmacy owner. Although a community pharmacy is a business setting, few studies have examined cost as a potential barrier to widespread implementation. Implementation costs, as the cost impact of an implementation effort, can be significant and hamper the decision to invest from the provider perspective. Traditional financial planning tools can be used to analyse and support business decision to implement a service by assessing the net impact of a new service on the provider’s budget. This study aimed to estimate the implementation costs and the break-even point of an interprofessional medication adherence program for chronic patients in Switzerland. The program combines motivational interviews, medication adherence electronic monitoring and feedback reports to patient and physicians.
A theoretical method of using high-order waveguide-mode interference combined with sample rotation is proposed to fabricate different kinds of three-dimensional nanolattice structures. The lithography sample is assisted by an asymmetric metal-cladding dielectric waveguide structure. High-order waveguide modes can be excited in the photoresist layer by both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarized light. By utilizing multiple exposures of high-order waveguide-mode interference combined with sample-rotation, various three-dimensional nanolattice structures can be obtained. The resulting optical field distributions are simulated using the finite element method in this study, and sample rotation is expressed by coordinate matrix transformation. As examples, the three-dimensional optical field distributions resulting from fifth-order waveguide-mode interference were simulated with 90° and 60° sample rotations and multiple exposures. The results show that a quasi-cuboid structure with a simple tetragonal arrangement and a quasi-hexagonal structure with a hexagonal close-packed lattice can be obtained. Moreover, the numerical simulation results revealed that the shapes, sizes, arrangements, and periods of the structures can be controlled by the rotation method, photoresist thickness, waveguide modes used for exposure, and so on.
Abstract Challenges and opportunities of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) adoption for food traceability are treated and evaluated considering, in food supply chains, the different areas (production process, logistics, and distribution) and applications (process, warehouse and retail management, cold chain monitoring, logistic, intelligent packaging, and anticounterfeit). The options offered by RFID systems at different frequencies are presented, compared, and discussed, considering the difficulties and constraints which limit the large-scale adoption in the food sector. Aspects which should be carefully evaluated when designing traceability frameworks considering traceable unit size, reading system configuration in static and dynamic conditions, orientation, tag size, and tag-to-tag collision problem are covered. Examples of RFID implementations in a particular food supply chain, such as meat, cheese, fish, food and vegetables, and plants are reported.
Risks of dehydration and cognitive decline increase with advancing age, yet the relation between dehydration, water intake, and cognitive performance among older adults remains understudied.
China has a longstanding tradition of stressing the values of harmony and coherence, and Chinese society has often been portrayed as a culture in which conflict avoidance is viewed more positively than direct confrontation and argumentation. In order to evaluate the validity of this claim, this paper sketches Chinese people’s feelings and understandings about interpersonal arguing by reporting results of a data collection in China, using measures of argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, argument frames, and personalization of conflict. These results were compared to those from a US sample. Chinese and US data differed in complex ways, but did not show Chinese respondents to be more avoidant. The Chinese correlations among variables were a reasonable match to expectations based on Western argumentation theories, although they did not replicate the US results precisely. The paper offers evidence that Chinese respondents had a more sophisticated understanding of interpersonal arguing than their US counterparts, and were more sensitive to the constructive possibilities of face-to-face disagreement.
In principle a wide range of organic materials can store energy in the form of reversible redox conversions of stable radicals. Such chemistry holds great promise for energy storage applications due to high theoretical capacities, high rate capabilities, intrinsic structural tunability, and the possibility of low-cost “green” syntheses from renewable sources. There have been steady improvements in the design of organic radical polymers, in which radicals are incorporated into the backbone and/or as pendant groups. This review highlights opportunities for improved redox molecule and polymer design along with the key challenges (e.g., transport phenomena, solubility, and reaction mechanisms) to transitioning known organic radicals into high-performance electrodes. Ultimately, organic-based batteries are still a nascent field with many open questions. Further advances in molecular design, electrode engineering, and device architecture will be required for these systems to reach their full potential and meet the diverse and increasing demands for energy storage.
The hierarchical porous germanium/reduced graphene oxide (Ge/rGO) microspheres are synthesized through an industrially scalable spray drying technique using commercial germanium dioxide (GeO2) as raw material. The Ge/rGO microspheres architecture with Ge nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in the three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive rGO network. When employed as anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the as-obtained Ge/rGO microspheres exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity (811 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles), ultra-long cycling life (over 80% capacity retention from the 6th to 1000th cycles at 1 C), and high rate capability (380 mAh g−1 at 20 C). In addition, the full cell consisting of Ge/rGO-2 anode and LiFePO4 cathode also delivers good cycling stability with high energy density. The 3D conductive rGO network provides the pathway for electron transportation and promotes to form stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Furthermore, the void space deduced from the porous structure can effectively accommodate volume changes and enhance the structural integrity of Ge/rGO microspheres. This facile and scalable synthetic strategy is beneficial for large-scale production of Ge-based electrode materials for further application in high energy and power density LIBs.
Abstract In the last decade, one of the most prominent developments in the field of food packaging is “Active and Intelligent” packaging, focused on the voluntary interaction with food and food environment. The purpose of active packaging is to extend food shelf life while maintaining or even improving its quality. The purpose of intelligent packaging is to give continuous information about the freshness of the packed food during the whole food chain supply. The main objective is to sense, detect, and record any changes in the packed food the package itself, and its environment. Intelligent packaging is actually the object of the current millennium packaging innovation activities. Interest in this is growing interest, driven by the emerging need to solve problems related to business processes, safety, and quality of food products and to reduce product losses, at all supply chain levels. Until now, few of these packaging systems have been commercialized because of high cost, strict safety and hygiene regulations, and/or limited consumer acceptance. The purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of scientific research, of recent technological progress, and of emerging technologies in order to understand the development of intelligent food packaging systems that could be applied, in the near future, to our society.
In this work, Cladophora glomerata, a harmful seaweed, is converted into an olive-shaped magnetic biochar by a slow pyrolysis process catalyzed by iron. The resultant magnetic biochar has a high surface area of 296.4 m2 g−1 with a carbon-rich structure that makes it suitable to be used as an electrode in Li-ion batteries. The catalytic pyrolysis process showed significant effect on steam reforming, ketonization and deoxygenation and/or denitrogenation reactions. The overall quality of the pyrolysis products increases: the gas contains a higher percentage of hydrogen (up to 22%), while the oil is enriched in furans (with a selectivity of about 14%). The electrochemistry behavior of magnetic biochar has been also evaluated, using galvanostatic charge–discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The electrochemical results indicated a higher initial specific discharge capacity (740 mAh g−1) and great cyclic stability for magnetic electrode as compared to the biochar electrode.
Abstract This chapter begins the examination of the data used to characterize, forecast, and simulate a reservoir, an examination that continues up to Chapter 9. Chapter 4 considers historical pool data, that is, those things influenced by the operator such as well and production history. Well history includes the casing and production tubing size and layout, the type of completion, the type and timing of workovers, and the type and timing of artificial lift. Production history includes the recorded volumes of produced and injected oil, gas, water, or other injection fluids over time. The data sources are discussed in detail, including measurement methods, correlations, sources of error, and accuracy checks.
We describe a 72-year old man with clinical features suggestive of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) who proved neuropathologically to have degeneration induced by relapsing polychondritis (RP), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of cartilaginous tissues. There was lymphocytic infiltration of the leptomeninges, perivascular cuffing, reactive astrocytosis, and activation of microglia in multiple brain areas all consistent with an immunologically mediated process. There was widespread neuronal loss within the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala as well as diffuse myelin pallor of cortical pathways. Elevated levels of complement proteins and endothelial markers of inflammation were observed, which are similar to previous reports in DLB. This study demonstrates that qualitatively similar inflammation-associated neurodegeneration is present in widespread regions of the brain in a RP case presenting clinically as DLB.
The buffering effect of carbon on the structural stability of amorphous silicon films, used as an anode for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, has been studied during long term discharge/charge cycles. To this extent, the electrochemical performance of a prototype material consisting of amorphous Si thin film (∼250nm) deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on amorphous carbon (∼50nm) thin films, denoted as a-C/Si, has been investigated. In comparison to pure amorphous Si thin film (a-Si) which shows a rapid fade in capacity after 30 cycles, the a-C/Si exhibits excellent capacity retention displaying ∼0.03% fade in capacity up to 50 cycles and ∼0.2% after 50 cycles when cycled at a rate of 100μA/cm2 (∼C/2) suggesting that the presence of thin amorphous C layer deposited between the Cu substrate and a-Si acts as a buffer layer facilitating the release of the volume induced stresses exhibited by pure a-Si during the charge/discharge cycles. This structural integrity combined with microstructural stability of the a-C/Si thin film during the alloying/dealloying process with lithium has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The buffering capacity of the thin amorphous carbon layer lends credence to its use as the likely compliant matrix to curtail the volume expansion related cracking of silicon validating its choice as the matrix for bulk and thin film battery systems.
Objective This study compared the ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) that are elicited (recorded) in response to monaural and separately, simultaneous binaural acoustic stimulations. The optimal stimulation mode for oVEMPs was also determined. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers (14 men and 6 women, aged from 22 to 33years, mean 28years) without any previous ear disorders were enrolled in this study. Each subject underwent oVEMP testing using monaural acoustic stimulation (Mon-oVEMP) with different stimulus intensities, and with bilateral recording. On another day, the same volunteers underwent oVEMP testing using simultaneous binaural acoustic stimulation and bilateral recording (Bin-oVEMP). Results With 95dB nHL tone burst stimulation, the biphasic nI–pI waveforms were recorded with maximal amplitudes from the electrodes located below the eyes contralateral to the side of acoustic stimulation while the subject was gazing upward. Significant correlations were identified between Mon-oVEMPs and Bin-oVEMPs with respect to threshold, latencies and amplitude. However, no significant difference existed between Mon-oVEMPs and Bin-oVEMPs in terms of the response rate, threshold, latency or amplitude. Conclusions The Bin-oVEMP test yields the same information as the Mon-oVEMP test, but the duration of recording in the former is shorter than the latter. Significance The Bin-oVEMP test may be a more convenient screening tool for evaluating the crossed vestibulo-ocular reflex.