batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be classified into the tremor dominant (TD) subtype and the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype, which present with different clinical courses and prognoses. However, the symptom-specific intrinsic neural mechanisms underlying the subtypes of PD still remain elusive. In the current study, we utilized resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) combined with the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method to investigate the modulations of neural activity in 13 patients with predominantly PIGD (p-PIGD) and 15 patients with predominantly TD (p-TD) in the resting state. Compared with healthy controls, the p-PIGD and the p-TD groups both displayed ReHo changes in the default mode network (DMN). By contrast, the p-TD group exhibited more ReHo alterations in the cerebellum involved in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops, whilst the p-PIGD group in extensive cortical and sub-cortical areas, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic lobes, basal ganglia and thalamus, which are involved in the striatal-thalamo-cortical (STC) loops. Direct comparison between the two groups showed significant ReHo alterations in the primary visual cortex. Our findings underscore the differential involvement of the STC and CTC circuits underlying the two subtypes of PD. Moreover, relatively widespread neural activity abnormality, especially in the motor-related regions as well as the visual network, is apparently a characteristic feature of PIGD symptoms. This study could shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and clinical heterogeneity of PD presentation.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing an endoscopic thyroidectomy (ETE) via a retroauricular approach.
This study provides an optimal selection methodology for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powertrain configuration by means of optimization and comprehensive evaluation of powertrain design schemes. The challenge of this study is to reveal each powertrain configuration performance potential in different situations of object trade-off and solve the control-physical integrated optimization problem of the PHEV powertrain design. To determine performance potential, a configuration-sizing-control strategy integrated multi-objective powertrain optimization design is proposed and applied to series, parallel pre-transmission (P2), output power-split, and multi-mode power-split powertrain configurations. Firstly, considering simultaneous optimization of fuel economy, electric energy consumption, and acceleration capacity, the parameters of the powertrain components and vehicle performance of each configuration are optimized based on global optimal control in different situations of object trade-off. Then, the Pareto optimal selection of powertrain configuration and its corresponding optimal component parameters are obtained by performance comparison and non-domination sorting. The results suggest that the P2 configuration and its optimal sizing can be selected when the goal is to optimize acceleration capacity, the multi-mode power-split configuration and its optimal sizing can be selected when the goal is to optimize electric energy efficiency, and the output power-split configuration and its optimal sizing can be selected when the fuel economy needs to be optimized.
By using large mesoporous carbon (LMC) as a novel host matrix, LMC–FePO4 nanohybrid has been synthesized through a facile homogeneous precipitation process and subsequent annealing approach. When evaluated as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the LMC–FePO4 nanohybrid exhibits higher specific capacities, improved rate capability, and better cycling performance by virtue of its unique structural characteristics.
A novel Fe2O3/carbon composite is prepared using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. Its structure, morphology and performance as anode of lithium ion battery are investigated with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the as-prepared composite is composed of α-Fe2O3 nanorods of about 75 nm in diameter and 1 μm in length, which are enwrapped with soft and curly carbon nanofibers, and exhibits superior charge/discharge performance compared to bare α-Fe2O3 nanorods, especially at high current rate. The discharge capacity is 1069 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and remains 560 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles at 0.2C for the bare nanorods, but improved to 1278 mAh g−1 and 960 mAh g−1 for the composite. At 12C, the discharge capacity is only 798 mAh g−1 initially and becomes 98 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles for the bare nanorods, while 844 mAh g−1 and 292 mAh g−1 for the composite. The improved performance of the composite is attributed to the bondage from carbon nanofibers, which contributes to the improvement in electronic conductivity and structure stability of α-Fe2O3 nanorods.
Many efforts in the area of renewable energies are focused in the development of batteries of electrochemical cells to store energy fulfilling the requirements of high energy and power density. Electrochemical cells based on Li-ions are able to satisfy the requirements of high energy and power density. In general, cell electrode materials based on intermetallic and conversion compounds possess higher capacity to store Li -ions than those based on intercalation compound. Among intermetallic materials, silicon is a very attractive material for anodes of Li -ion cells, since it has a very high gravimetric capacity ( 3572 m A h g − 1 ) compared to graphite ( 372 m A h g − 1 ), being graphite an intercalation material and the most common anode in Li -ion cells. However, the main problem associated to these intermetallic and conversion materials is capacity fading. In this work it is shown how the capacity fading of electrodes based on silicon can be theoretically described by considering a simple model for the solid electrolite interface, where the active surface of the electrode is allowed to increase during the process of lithiation and delithiation.
The US EPA is charged with screening chemicals for their ability to be endocrine disruptors through interaction with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid axes. The agency is exploring the use of high-throughput in vitro assays to use in the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), potentially as replacements for lower-throughput in vitro and in vivo tests. The first replacement is an integrated computational and experimental model for estrogen receptor (ER) activity, to be used as an alternative to the EDSP Tier 1 in vitro ER binding and transactivation assays and the in vivo uterotrophic bioassay. The ER agonist model uses a set of 16 in vitro assays that incorporate multiple technologies and cell lines and probe multiple points in the ER pathway. Here, we demonstrate that subsets of assays with as few as 4 assays can predict the activity of all 1811 chemicals tested with accuracy equivalent to that of the full 16-assay model. The prediction accuracy against reference chemicals is higher than that of the full chemical set, partly because the larger set contains many chemicals that can cause a variety of types of assay interference There are multiple accurate assay subsets, allowing flexibility in the construction of a multiplexed assay battery. We also discuss the issue of challenging chemicals, i.e. those that can give false positive results in certain assays, and could hence be more problematic when only a few assays are used.
ABSTRACT An efficient fundamental approach for three-dimensional modeling of LiFePO4 (LFP) battery pouch cells is presented in this paper. First, the standard Newman pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) model is compared with two simplified approaches developed by the authors: a simplified electrochemical multi-particle (SEMP) model, and a homogenous pseudo two-dimensional (HP2D) model. It is shown that the SEMP and HP2D models can predict the operating voltage of LFP half-cells with less than 2.5 % and 1.5 % maximum error, respectively, when compared to the P2D model. It is also shown that the simulation time of these two simplified models are one order of magnitude less than the P2D model, hence, they are then used for three-dimensional modeling of the LFP half-cell. Multiple one-dimensional SEMP models are combined, as a first approach, to form a three-dimensional battery model. It is explained that although this method is adequate for predicting the electrochemical current generation distribution, it may introduce errors in heat generation calculations since it does not consider the electrolyte concentration and potential gradient parallel to the current collectors. Therefore, using the HP2D model, an optimized method is proposed that combines the speed and simplicity of the first approach with three-dimensional simulation of the electrolyte. It is shown that this method is able to predict the mentioned gradients that contribute to the battery heat generation.
Over decades, the ever-increasing demand for compact, lightweight, low-cost and flexible energy storage devices has spurred the development of high performance dielectric-polymer-based capacitors from industry and academic. Despite previous effort, to date, the capacitive performance such as discharged energy density of dielectric polymers is still greatly limited, posing an obstacle to their wide applications. Herein, in this work, we demonstrated a facile while highly efficient approach to dramatically enhance the capacitive performance of dielectric polymers represented by poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) through the employment of manganese dioxide (MnO2) particles and their geometric structure modulation. Making use of the semi-conductive nature and unique tunnel structure of MnO2, one can suppress the conduction loss, promote the space charge polarization and interfacial coupling polarization and consequently boost the capacitive activities of composites. Furthermore, through geometric structure optimization of MnO2, the capacitive performance of composites were strengthened to be more impressive, i.e an energy density and a power density of 24.5 J/cm3 (350 MV/m) and 1.98 MW/cm3 (200 MV/m), respectively. The results demonstrated the efficiency of MnO2 with optimized geometric structure in enhancing capacitive performance of dielectric polymers, providing a new paradigm to explore high performance capacitive polymer composites.
The electrochemical cycling behavior of nanocrystalline MnO2 coatings with a defective antifluorite structure, prepared by anodic electrodeposition, was investigated in terms of morphological and structural evolution. MnO2 electrodes cycled at 100mVs−1 exhibited improved electrochemical frequency response, compared with as-prepared electrodes. The improved frequency response is attributed to morphological and structural evolution from equiaxed oxide nanocrystals to petal-shaped, single-crystal nanosheets, which follows a dissolution-redeposition mechanism.
Time-varying energy profiles of renewable sources, electric vehicles, end user demands, portable devices, novel military applications and more, require high power as well as high energy density in storage systems. Electrochemical capacitors (EECs), with higher power than batteries, benefit from nanostructured geometries that further increase their power capability. Nanostructured electrostatic capacitors (ESCs) are known to have much higher power capability than EECs, though lower energy density. The physical and chemical mechanisms by which EECs and ESCs function in charge/discharge are completely different, as are their electrical specifications and constraints. We consider for the first time how the contrasting characters of electrochemical and electrostatic nanostructured capacitors might be combined in a heterogeneous hybrid circuit to achieve better power and energy performance than either device alone. While the benefits of hybrid circuits have been previously considered for electrochemical devices – i.e., battery and electrochemical capacitor – this perspective article demonstrates for the first time that hybrid storage circuits of heterogeneous devices can exploit the very high power of electrostatic devices, in concert with electrochemical devices. Using response surface models from our own experimental results with nanostructured ESC and ECC devices, we develop a hybrid simulation model combining the two types of devices, recognizing the intrinsic nonlinearities and constraints of each. We demonstrate that charge capture by the ESC and subsequent rapid transfer to the ECC compensates for the lower power capability of the ECC while avoiding energy loss by ESC leakage currents. Although more sophisticated models and simulations are warranted in the future, these initial results underscore the opportunity that ESC devices and hybrid circuits offer for storage applications which require ultrahigh power performance.
Storage capacity is a constraint for current mobile devices. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is developed to augment device capabilities, facilitating to mobile users store/access of a large dataset on the cloud through wireless networks. However, given the limitations of network bandwidth, latencies, and devices battery life, new solutions are needed to extend the usage of mobile devices. This paper presents a novel design and implementation of a hierarchical cloud storage system for mobile devices based on multiple I/O caching layers. The solution relies on Memcached as a cache system, preserving its powerful capacities such as performance, scalability, and quick and portable deployment. The solution targets to reduce the I/O latency of current mobile cloud solutions. The proposed solution consists of a user-level library and extended Memcached back-ends. The solution aims to be hierarchical by deploying Memcached-based I/O cache servers across all the I/O infrastructure datapath. Our experimental results demonstrate that CoSMiC can significantly reduce the round-trip latency in presence of low cache hit ratios compared with a 3G connection even when using a multi-level cache hierarchy.
Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is a seizure disorder with a lower prevalence than temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Despite its consequences on cognitive and emotional well-being, the neuropsychology of FLE has not been well studied. By contrast, TLE has been studied meticulously, leading to a relevant understanding of memory and the functional characteristics of the temporal and limbic circuits. The neuropsychological studies on FLE report deficits in motor coordination and planning, reduced attention span, and difficulties in response inhibition in complex cognitive tasks. This review aims to illustrate the most relevant neurocognitive dimensions, psychiatric comorbidity, and postoperative neuropsychological outcome of FLE. Methodological suggestions for future research are also included by critically reviewing the existing literature.
The whole world is now concentrating on advancing their pool of renewable energy resources. Immense growth has happened in the field of renewable energy and the energy harvesting methods in the past decade. It is estimated that there is still a huge potential of growth remaining in the field of renewable energy resources in the coming years. Generation of renewable energy at the source end to the transmission of the energy to the utility end is done at various interstates coupled with power electronic equipments and systems. Applications of power electronics are expanding at a high pace in industrial power generation, utility, grid integration, and transmission environments due to the advancements in technology and reduction in cost and size of the components and systems. There are numerous multistage converters and inverters topologies being developed for processing and delivering the gigawatt level of renewable power being produced. This paper highlights the growth of power electronics starting from semiconductor type switching devices to various multistage topologies which will extensively contribute to the development and growth of renewable energy resources around the globe. It is a fact that power electronics is an integral part of renewable energy generation and utilization and its optimization of size, cost, and performance is necessary for the most efficient harvesting. Latest advancements in the various ratings of switching devices and components are discussed in the paper. Proper topology based implementation of power electronics and motor drives in the generation of various renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind power, fuel cells, biomass, and other energy storage elements are discussed in details. Individual sources of renewable energy resources interfaced with multistages of power electronic systems are elaborated in the paper.
Electric vehicle (EV) is advancing as the transportation industry and the demand is expanding globally. The use of liquid cold plate (LCP) in EV battery is more effective in providing the desire temperature rather than using the conventional air cooling. The use of straight fins is being switched to oblique-shape fins to assist disruption of the thermal boundary layer development. The arrangement of fins in the LCP also will affect the performance of it cooling the battery. Three different arrangement of the oblique fin are developed to enhance the fluid flow and heat transfer performance. The LCP contains three arrangements of oblique fin namely as inline, incline and loureved. Experimental and numerical results reveal the good aggrement where the Nusselt number is enhanced with the louvered arrangement. Among three arrangements, loureved obtained the lowest surface temperature of the battery followed by inline and incline. It also found that Nusselt number increases as the Reynolds number increases. The LCP is able to maintain the average surface temperature of the battery below permitted working temperature of 50 °C. This shows that the present LCP with oblique fin could be a promising method for EV battery thermal management.
This paper tests the hysteresis hypothesis in Spanish regional unemployment using quarterly data over the 1976–2014 period using a large battery of univariate unit root tests allowing for two breaks in the trend function of the series. The evidence strongly supports the hysteresis hypothesis for each of the 17 Spanish regions, since we consistently fail to reject the unit root null hypothesis. When the analysis is extended to allow for five structural breaks, the conclusion remains unaltered. The results call for policy measures to reduce the sluggishness in the adjustment of the labour market to adverse shocks.
Abstract Orthopedic technologies encompass all devices applied externally to the user’s body to substitute a missing limb (prosthesis) or to replace a missing function (orthosis). Metals, wood, leather, fabrics, thermoplastics, thermosetting composites, foamed plastics, and elastomers are the principle materials mostly used in current orthopedic industry. Due to the fabrication ability of customized sophisticated devices, 3D printing has the potential to facilitate the design of the orthopedic devices. The final choice for material selection will rely on the local availability of materials, technical expertise of orthotist/prosthetist, and expected function for individual patient. The interplay of materials science and processing techniques will reveal new insights, and therefore consistent development and enhancement of materials guarantees the achievements of forthcoming expectations in orthotic and prosthetics industry.
Microaccumulators are one of the key components that will decide on the success of energy harvesting based autonomous micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Little efforts however were made to integrate high-capacity accumulators on chip level. Since the film thickness and therefore the achievable capacity per unit area of integrated Li accumulators is rather low, we propose a new integrated planar metal hydride/air microaccumulator of very high capacity, suitable for autonomous microsystem applications. The alkaline microaccumulator consists of a microstructured thin film air-breathing cathode and a high-capacity low-pressure type metal hydride anode. Both electrodes are separated by an anionic conducting polymer electrolyte membrane. A MEMS-based process was developed to fabricate the prototype microaccumulators. The preliminary testing results showed that the microaccumulator is able to deliver an open circuit voltage of 0.88V and a maximum power density of 0.559mW/cm2. This result shows that the accumulator is competitive or even superior to today's thin film Li accumulators. The air-breathing electrode however was identified to mainly limit the cell performance and its fabrication process is therefore still under optimization for further improvement.
The 2004 Meeting of the International Battery Association (IBA) was held in Graz (Austria) from April 18 to 22 in the Great Hall of the University of Technology. Battery and also fuel cell and supercapacitor materials were in the focus of attention, the Extended Abstracts booklet (J.O. Besenhard, K.-C. Möller, M. Winter (Eds.), ISBN 3-200-00115-1) is entitled Battery and Fuel Cell Materials. Forty-nine Invited Lectures and 61 Posters were presented during the meeting which was attended by more than 140 technical participants, ca. 65 of them from industry. The participation of students, ca. 25, was agreeably high and the various social events offered ample opportunities to combine science and business with some pleasure. The Scientific program was organized in sessions on:•Li-batteries: cathodes•Li-batteries: anodes•Li-batteries: electrode/electrolyte interphase, electrolytes, safety•Analytical methods•Supercapacitors•Aqueous battery systems and fuel cells Li-batteries: cathodes Li-batteries: anodes Li-batteries: electrode/electrolyte interphase, electrolytes, safety Analytical methods Supercapacitors Aqueous battery systems and fuel cells The sequence of the 33 papers in this special issue of the Journal of Power Sources is, however, adjusted somewhat in order to comply with the normal journal plan. On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to the members of the International Scientific Committee, the authors and presenters, the session chairpersons and last, but not least, the audience who contributed a great deal to the stimulating atmosphere of the meeting. Finally, the support of the sponsors and exhibitors is gratefully acknowledged, they helped us to provide some comforts of life.
It is important for large-scale lithium-ion secondary cells to function in a safe and stable manner. Little information is available on the parameters determining the transitions between non-heating, self-heating, and thermal runaway processes of degraded lithium-ion secondary cells. Thermal characterization of the degraded cells is important to identify the impact of degradation on the safety limits of these cells. Accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), operated in a heat-wait-search mode, is capable of characterizing the thermal behavior of lithium-ion cells. Here, the self-heating and relative heat generation rates of storage-degraded lithium-ion cells during thermal runaway are investigated. Twenty-five 18650-type LiCoO2-based secondary cells are degraded during storage at 80 °C with various states of charge (SOCs), then the thermal behavior of the cells was analyzed by carrying out ARC measurements. The correlations between the onset temperature of thermal runaway, self-heating rate, and heating rate of each cell are investigated. It was found that the self-heating rate correlates linearly with the onset temperature of thermal runaway, while the relative heat generation rate correlates with it exponentially. The cells charged to 100% SOC presented the lowest onset temperatures of thermal runaway.