batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Decision making and cognitive flexibility are two components of cognitive control that play a critical role in the emergence, persistence, and relapse of gambling disorder. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been reported to enhance decision making and cognitive flexibility in healthy volunteers and individuals with addictive disorders. In this triple-blind randomized sham-controlled parallel study, we aimed to determine whether tDCS over DLPFC would modulate decision making and cognitive flexibility in individuals with gambling disorder. Twenty participants with gambling disorder were administered Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Subsequently, participants were administered three every other day sessions of active right anodal /left cathodal tDCS (20 min, 2 mA) or sham stimulation over bilateral DLPFC. WCST and IGT were readministered following the last session. Baseline clinical severity, depression, impulsivity levels, and cognitive performance were similar between groups. TDCS over the DLPFC resulted in more advantageous decision making (F1,16 = 8.128, p = 0.01, ɳp2 =0.33) and better cognitive flexibility (F1,16 =8.782, p = 0.009, ɳp2 = 0.35), representing large effect sizes. The results suggest for the first time that tDCS enhanced decision making and cognitive flexibility in gambling disorder. Therefore, tDCS may be a promising neuromodulation-based therapeutic approach in gambling disorder.
Graphene-based electrocatalytic materials are potential low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, substantial overpotentials above thermodynamic requirements limit their efficiency and stability in OER-related energy conversion and storage technologies. Here, we embedded CrN crystals into graphene and in situ electrochemically oxidized them to construct graphene materials with encapsulated Cr6+ ions (Cr6+@G). These Cr6+@G materials exhibit the lowest OER overpotential of 197 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent stability over 200 h at a high current density of about 120 mA cm−2 in an alkaline electrolyte. Spectroscopic and computational studies confirm a stable ion coordination environment significantly benefiting the downshift of the graphene Fermi level via hybridization of C p orbitals with d orbitals of Cr6+ ions that enhances the OER activity and stability.
This paper examines the emerging technology of batteries incorporating carbon in the negative plate to affect a parallel capacitance within the battery itself. Using a frequency domain approach in conjunction with low frequency static tests and step responses an UltraBattery™ is examined. Initial examinations using the Randles' model lead to development of a modified model to better represent the battery parameters. These findings then expand the work to examine a similar conventional battery connected in a parallel network with a supercapacitor bank, allowing comparisons to be made and performance criteria to be established.
Self-polymerized dopamine is a versatile coating material that has various oxygen and nitrogen functional groups. Here, we demonstrate the redox-active properties of self-polymerized dopamine on the surface of few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs), which can be used as organic cathode materials for both Li- and Na-ion batteries. We reveal the multiple redox reactions between self-polymerized dopamine and electrolyte ions in the high voltage region from 2.5 to 4.1 V vs. Li using both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical measurements. Free-standing and flexible hybrid electrodes are assembled using a vacuum filtration method, which have a 3D porous network structure consisting of polydopamine coated FWNTs. The hybrid electrodes exhibit gravimetric capacities of ∼133 mA h g−1 in Li-cells and ∼109 mA h g−1 in Na-cells utilizing double layer capacitance from FWNTs and multiple redox-reactions from polydopamine. The polydopamine itself within the hybrid film can store high gravimetric capacities of ∼235 mA h g−1 in Li-cells and ∼213 mA h g−1 in Na-cells. In addition, the hybrid electrodes show a high rate-performance and excellent cycling stability, suggesting that self-polymerized dopamine is a promising cathode material for organic rechargeable batteries.
This work is focussed on the processing of cathodic active material of spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) to ensure resource recovery and minimize environmental degradation. The sulfuric acid leaching of metals was carried out for the recovery of all the valuable metals including nickel and manganese along with the frequently targeted metals like lithium and cobalt. The process parameters such as acid concentration, pulp density, time and temperature for the leaching of metals from the cathode powder containing 35.8% Co, 6.5% Li, 11.6% Mn and 10.06% Ni, were optimized. Results show the optimized leach recovery of 93.4% Li, 66.2% Co, 96.3% Ni and 50.2% Mn when the material was leached in 1M H2SO4 at 368K and 50g/L pulp density for 240min. The need of a reductant for improved recovery of cobalt and manganese has been explained by the thermodynamic analysis (Eh–pH diagram) for these metals. Leaching of the valuable metals was found to follow the logarithmic rate law controlled by surface layer diffusion of the lixiviant reacting with the particles. The mode of leaching of the metals from the spent LIBs was further examined by chemical analysis of the samples at various stage of processing which was further corroborated by characterizing the untreated sample and the leach residues by XRD phase identification and the SEM-EDS studies.
Nowadays, new technologies and breakthroughs in the field of energy efficiency, alternative fuels and added-value electronics are leading to bigger, more sustainable and green thinking applications. Within the Automotive Industry, there is a clear declaration of commitment with the environment and natural resources. The presence of passenger vehicles of hybrid architecture, public transport powered by cleaner fuels, non-aggressive utility vehicles and an encouraging social awareness, are bringing to light a new scenario where conventional and advanced solutions will be in force. This paper presents the evolution of an airport cargo vehicle from battery-based propulsion to a hybrid power unit based on fuel cell, cutting edge batteries and hydrogen as a fuel. Some years back, IBERIA (Major Airline operating in Spain) decided to initiate the replacement of its diesel fleet for battery ones, aiming at a reduction in terms of contamination and noise in the surrounding environment. Unfortunately, due to extreme operating conditions in airports (ambient temperature, intensive use, dirtiness, …), batteries suffered a very severe degradation, which took its toll in terms of autonomy. This reduction in terms of autonomy together with the long battery recharge time made the intensive use of this fleet impractical in everyday demanding conditions.
This article investigates the potential of integrating a shared goods and passengers on-demand rapid transit system in urban areas. Although persons and goods movements have different objectives and constraints, mixing their travels on the same network is within current trends. So we investigate in this paper how they could share a rapid transit network and use the available transportation capacity within a city more efficiently in an interconnected way. Based on the common characteristics of personal rapid transit (PRT) and freight rapid transit (FRT), this paper proposes an emergent and efficient transportation solution in order to enhance the sustainability of city logistics. Next, the operational level is focused on to characterize the dynamic transportation problem and to propose two strategies to formulate it. This problem aims to respond to the number of transportation requests arriving on a periodic basis with adequate service level while minimizing the empty movements of a set of electric vehicles with limited battery capacity. An efficient solution approach based on the forward optimization of periodic transportation sub-problems is proposed and validated. The applicability of the PRT–FRT mode is demonstrated and computational results in comparison to other transportation option is also presented and discussed.
The rechargeability of γ-MnO2 cathodes in alkaline batteries is limited by the formation of the [Mn2]O4 spinels ZnMn2O4 (hetaerolite) and Mn3O4 (hausmannite). However, the time and formation mechanisms of these spinels are not well understood. Here we directly observe γ-MnO2 discharge at a range of reaction extents distributed across a thick porous electrode. Coupled with a battery model, this reveals that spinel formation occurs at a precise and predictable point in the reaction, regardless of reaction rate. Observation is accomplished by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) using photons of high energy and high flux, which penetrate the cell and provide diffraction data as a function of location and time. After insertion of 0.79 protons per γ-MnO2 the α-MnOOH phase forms rapidly. α-MnOOH is the precursor to spinel, which closely follows. ZnMn2O4 and Mn3O4 form at the same discharge depth, by the same mechanism. The results show the final discharge product, Mn3O4 or Mn(OH)2, is not an intrinsic property of γ-MnO2. While several studies have identified Mn(OH)2 as the final γ-MnO2 discharge product, we observe direct conversion to Mn3O4 with no Mn(OH)2.
Estimation of solar energy potential of a region requires detailed solar radiation climatology, and it is necessary to collect extensive radiation data of high accuracy covering all climatic zones of the region. In this regard, a wireless data acquisition system (WDAS) would help to estimate solar energy potential considering the remote region’s energy requirement. This article explains the design and implementation of WDAS for assessment of solar energy. The proposed system consists of a set of sensors for measuring meteorological parameters. The collected data are first conditioned using precision electronic circuits and then interfaced to a PC using RS232 connection via wireless unit. The LabVIEW program is used to further process, display and store the collected data in the PC disk. The proposed architecture permits the rapid system development and has the advantage of flexibility and it can be easily extended for controlling the renewable energy systems like photovoltaic system. The WDAS with executive information systems and reporting tools helps to tap vast data resources and deliver information.
Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have been studied as potential antimicrobial agents, similar to silver or platinum nanoparticles. However, the use of excess NPs is limited by their safety and toxicity in beneficial microflora and human cells. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of CuO-NPs by coating with a novel cyclic peptide, CuO binding peptide 1 (CuBP1), cyclic-SCATPFSPQVCS, which binds to the surface of CuO-NPs. CuBP1 was identified using biopanning of a T7 phage display system and was found to promote the aggregation of CuO-NPs under mild conditions. The treated CuO-NPs with CuBP1 caused the reduction of the cytotoxicity against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus helveticus, and five other microorganisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Similar effects were also demonstrated against human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells in vitro. Our findings suggested that the CuO-NPs coated with a surface-binding peptide may have applications as a safe antimicrobial agent without excessive cytotoxic activity against beneficial microflora and human cells. Moreover, a similar tendency may be achieved with other metal particles, such as silver or platinum NPs, by using optimal metal binding peptides.
A model for a nickel–metal hydride cell was constructed based on the planar electrode approximation. The mass balances of active species, the kinetics of electrochemical reactions, the ohmic effects of internal resistance, and the energy balance of the whole cell were considered in the model. An empirical approach was utilized to account for the hysteresis potential behavior of the nickel electrode. The model predictions showed favorable agreement with the experimental data.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Garcinia achachairu Rusby (Clusiaceae) is popularly known as “achachairu”, and is used in Bolivian folk medicine for its healing, digestive, and laxative properties, and in the treatment of gastritis, rheumatism and inflammation. Despite its widespread therapeutic use, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo genotoxic effects. Therefore, in this study, we used the comet assay and the micronucleus test, respectively, to evaluate the possible genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Garcinia achachairu seed extract (GAE) on different cells of mice. Material and methods The GAE was administered by oral gavage at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg. For the analysis, the comet assay was performed on the leukocytes (collected 4 and 24h after treatment), liver, bone marrow and testicular cells (collected 24h after treatment), and the micronucleus test (MN) on bone marrow cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by scoring 200 consecutive polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes (PCE/NCE ratio). Results and conclusion The results showed that GAE did not induce significant DNA damage in leukocytes (4h and 24h samples), liver, bone marrow and testicular cells (24h samples). GAE also did not show any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) at the three tested doses. The PCE/NCE ratio indicated no cytotoxicity. Under our experimental conditions, the data obtained suggest that a single oral administration of G. achachairu extract does not cause genotoxicity and clastogenicity in different cells of mice.
Mesoporous MoS2–graphene nanohybrid with excellent electrode activity can be synthesized by the reductive hybridization of exfoliated MoS2 and graphene oxide (G-O) nanosheets under hydrothermal condition. The use of G-O precursor is crucial in synthesizing homogeneously hybridized MoS2–graphene materials with mesoporous stacking structure. The MoS2–graphene nanohybrid prepared with G-O shows promising electrode performance for lithium ion batteries with large discharge capacity of ∼1400mAhg−1 for the 100th cycle and excellent rate performance, which is much superior to that of the homologue prepared with rG-O precursor and also restacked MoS2 nanosheets. The present results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of G-O precursor in the hydrothermal synthesis of graphene-based hybrid materials.
A strategy of facile route to prepare the Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrode materials, cathode materials for Lithium secondary batteries that can be operated at the high voltage greater than 4.5 V, is proposed using the method of mechanochemical process. Li2MnO3 was synthesized at 400 °C, followed by the mechanochemical process with LiMO2 to form nanocomposite with the layered–layered structure. Structures and morphologies of xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 are investigated to confirm the layered–layered structural integration. Various mole ratios of our xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 electrode materials exhibit a large discharge capacity about 200 mAh g−1 at the room temperature. The cycle performances and the specific discharge capacities are improved by the secondary heat treatment for the xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 composite electrodes where x ≤ 0.5. Our experimental results suggest the mechanochemical process is an easy and effective tool to form the nanocomposite of two components with controlled composition, especially, for the layered–layered integrated structure of xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 system.
We proposed and tested a new and novel arrangement for a direct methanol fuel cell consisting of one inlet for a methanol solution and four outlets for oxidant gas (air), in both the anode and cathode flow fields. It utilizes different operating temperatures of 40°C and 60°C, and different methanol solution flow rates of 5mlmin−1, 10mlmin−1, and 20mlmin−1. Test results indicate a significant reduction in produced CO2 gas in the anode flow channels and product water in the cathode flow channels; consequently, cell performance can be greatly improved. Furthermore, methanol crossover can also be avoided and reduced.
Pure, nano-sized LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C cathode materials are synthesized by spray-drying and post-annealing method. The influence of the sintering temperature and carbon coating on the structure, particle size, morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode material is investigated. The optimum processing conditions are found to be thermal treatment for 10h at 600°C. Compared with LiFePO4, LiFePO4/C particles are smaller in size due to the inhibition of crystal growth to a great extent by the presence of carbon in the reaction mixture. And that the LiFePO4/C composite coated with 3.81wt.% carbon exhibits the best electrode properties with discharge capacities of 139.4, 137.2, 133.5 and 127.3mAhg−1 at C/5, 1C, 5C and 10C rates, respectively. In addition, it shows excellent cycle stability at different current densities. Even after 50 cycles at the high current density of 10C, a discharge capacity of 117.7mAhg−1 is obtained (92.4% of its initial value) with only a low capacity fading of 0.15% per cycle.
Iron fluoride based on conversion reaction has drawn more and more attention as an alternative cathode material for Li-ion batteries owing to its high specific capacity and low-cost. In order to ameliorate its low conductivity and poor cycling stability, MoO3-encapsulated FeF3·0.33H2O composites are designed and prepared via a facile wet coating process. The influence of MoO3 coating layer on the structural and electrochemical performance of FeF3·0.33H2O cathode material for Li-ion batteries is examined. The results show that the electrochemical performance of MoO3/FeF3·0.33H2O composite is improved due to the tailored encapsulation of MoO3 layer. Compared with the pristine FeF3·0.33H2O, 7wt% MoO3 encapsulated FeF3·0.33H2O delivers the highest discharge capacity of 215.7 mAh g−1 at 23.7mAg−1 after 50cycles and exhibits superior rate capability as well as greatly enhanced cycle stability. The outstanding electrochemical features are ascribed to the fact that the suitable thickness MoO3 coating layer not only can improve the conductivity of cathode material, but also can provide a highway for Li ions diffusion during cyclic process.
Patient-centred care emerged in the late 1960s as a framework to guide providers and decision-makers towards the provision of more effective health care and better outcomes. An important body of literature has since emerged, reporting mixed results in terms of outcomes. To date, assessments of the effectiveness of patient-centred approaches have focused one-on-one consultations. The purpose of this article is to explore dimensions identified as key in the patient-centred literature in the context of primary health care services delivered in a group setting. Group Medical Visits (GMVs) offer a novel format for the delivery of patient-centred primary health care services, especially for patients living with complex morbidities.
On-road emission measurements of gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles were conducted by a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in Shanghai, China. Horiba OBS 2200 and TSI EEPS 3090 were employed to detect gaseous and ultrafine particle emissions during the tests. The driving-based emission factors of gaseous pollutants and particle mass and number were obtained on various road types. The average NO x emission factors of the diesel bus, diesel car, and gasoline car were 8.86, 0.68, and 0.17 g km−1, all of which were in excess of their emission limits. The particle number emission factors were 7.06 × 1014, 6.08 × 1014, and 1.57 × 1014 km−1, generally higher than the results for similar vehicle types reported in the previous studies. The size distributions of the particles emitted from the diesel vehicles were mainly concentrated in the accumulation mode, while those emitted from the gasoline car were mainly distributed in the nucleation mode. Both gaseous and particle emission rates exhibit significant correlations with the change in vehicle speed and power demand. The lowest emission rates for each vehicle type were produced during idling. The highest emission rates for each vehicle type were generally found in high-VSP bins. The particle number emission rates of the gasoline car show the strongest growth trend with increasing VSP and speed. The particle number emission for the gasoline car increased by 3 orders of magnitude from idling to the highest VSP and driving speed conditions. High engine power caused by aggressive driving or heavy loads is the main contributor to high emissions for these vehicles in real-world situations.
Distributed photovoltaics is playing a growing role in electricity industries around the world, while Battery Energy Storage Systems are falling in cost and starting to be deployed by energy consumers with photovoltaics. Apartment buildings offer an opportunity to apply central battery storage and shared solar generation to aggregated apartment and common loads through an embedded network or microgrid. We present a study of energy and financial flows in five Australian apartment buildings with photovoltaics and battery storage using real apartment interval-metered load profiles and simulated solar generation profiles, modelled using an open source tool developed for the purpose. Central batteries of 2–3 kWh per apartment can increase solar self-consumption by up to 19% and building self-sufficiency by up to 12%, and shave overall building peak demand by up to 30%. Although the economic case for battery storage applied to apartment building embedded networks is not compelling at current capital prices, with cost thresholds of AU$400 – AU$750/kWh compared to AU$750 – AU$1000/kWh for individual household systems, there are clear financial benefits to deployment of embedded networks with combined solar and battery storage systems for many sites.
NaTi2(PO4)3/C composite nanofibers (NTP/C-F)have been prepared with success by electrospinning followed by calcination in Ar. For comparison, NaTi2(PO4)3 nanofibers have also been synthesized by similar method but calcination in air. NaTi2(PO4)3/C composite particles without special morphology also have been prepared by directly calcining the precursor in Ar. The samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). NTP/C-F demonstrates excellent sodium ion storage properties including good rate capability and extended cycle life, much better than other two samples. It delivers the highest discharge capacities, which are about 130, 123, 122, 119, 114, 103, 87, and 63mAhg−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20C, respectively. The discharge capacity reserves as high as 97mAhg−1 after 500 cycles at 5C, and the corresponding capacity retention is 93%. Such outstanding property is likely due to the special 1D-structure including uniform electrically conductive carbon network, which brings high electronic conductivity and rapid Na+ diffusion. Hence, NTP/C-F will be a potential electrode candidate for sodium ion batteries.
Children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have emotion recognition deficits when tested in different expression modalities (face, voice, body). However, these findings usually focus on basic emotions, using one or two expression modalities. In addition, cultural similarities and differences in emotion recognition patterns in children with ASC have not been explored before. The current study examined the similarities and differences in the recognition of basic and complex emotions by children with ASC and typically developing (TD) controls across three cultures: Israel, Britain, and Sweden.