batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A screen-printed carbon electrode modified with functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MTTZ-MSU-2) was developed and evaluated for reliable quantification of trace Pb(II) ions by anodic stripping square wave voltammetry in non-pretreated natural waters. The optimal operating conditions were 5min preconcentration time and 120s electrolysis time in HCl 0.2M. The electrode displayed excellent linear behavior in the concentration range examined (1–30μgL−1) with a limit of detection of 0.1μgL−1. The screen-printed carbon modified electrode has long service time and good single and inter-electrode reproducibility. Applicability to spiked drinking water, river water and groundwater was demonstrated without any sample pre-treatment (recoveries between 97% and 106%, RSD 4–7%). On the basis of the present data, mercury-free screen-printed electrodes modified with functionalized mesoporous silicas have the potential to become the next-generation analyzers for decentralized heavy metal monitoring in environmental samples.
Aim of the study Characterization and comparative analysis of the main VOCs (volatile organic compounds) present in the smoke of 11 experimentally combusted plant species used as incense in Shaxi, Southwest China. Substances which may be responsible for the pleasant smell of the smokes as well as substances with a potential pharmacological activity are discussed. Materials and methods We adopt the dynamic headspace sorption method for the collection of smoke samples as a novel methodological approach in ethnobotany. The VOCs were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were performed using PASW statistics (Version 18.0.2). Results Among the identified compounds were 10 monoterpenoids, 7 sesquiterpenoids, 6 linear hydrocarbons, 6 methoxy phenolics, 2 benzenoids, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 2 fatty acids. Based on their volatile profiles, the species are well clustered intraspecifically and separated interspecifically. The most abundant among the compounds potentially responsible for the pleasant smells of the smokes are methyl salicylate (12.28±3.90%) for Gaultheria fragrantissima leaves, δ-cadinene (15.58±2.29%) for Juniperus squamata wood, and α-Pinene for Cupressus funebris branches (9.16±7.73%) and Pistacia weinmanniifolia branches (19.52±8.66%). A couple of substances found are known for pharmacological activity, such as methylsalycilate, beta-caryophyllene and cedrol. Conclusions The species used by the local people in Shaxi for incense differ clearly with respect to the chemical compounds of their smoke. Further, incense contains substances, which are of pharmacological interest and might support medicinal uses of smoke. Cedrol with its pleasant smell and sedative properties may be an important factor why specific plants are chosen as incense. Our findings support the idea that the effects of the use of incense as well as medicinal smoke depend on both, the cultural as well as the pharmacological context.
All-solid-state lithium batteries typically suffer from low coulombic efficiencies and lithium dendrite growth at high current densities. Now, a silver–carbon composite anode is demonstrated that mitigates some of these problems, even for a prototype cell with a high energy density of over 900 Wh L–1.
Two studies investigated the degree to which the relationship between rapid automatized naming (RAN) performance and reading development is driven by shared phonological processes. Study 1 assessed RAN, phonological awareness, and reading performance in 1010 7- to 10-year-olds. Results showed that RAN deficits occurred in the absence of phonological awareness deficits. These were accompanied by modest reading delays. In structural equation modeling, solutions where RAN was subsumed within a phonological processing factor did not provide a good fit to the data, suggesting that processes outside phonology may drive RAN performance and its association with reading. Study 2 investigated Kail’s proposal that speed of processing underlies this relationship. Children with single RAN deficits showed slower speed of processing than did closely matched controls performing normally on RAN. However, regression analysis revealed that RAN made a unique contribution to reading even after accounting for processing speed. Theoretical implications are discussed.
The use of diphenyloctyl phosphate (DPOF) as a flame-retardant additive in liquid electrolyte for Li-ion batteries is investigated. Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and LiCoO2 are used as the anode and cathode materials, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used for the analyses. The cell with DPOF shows better electrochemical cell performance than that without DPOF in initial charge/discharge and rate performance tests. In cycling tests, a cell with DPOF-containing electrolyte exhibited better discharge capacity and capacity retention than that of the DPOF-free electrolyte after cycling. These results confirm the viability of using DPOF as a flame-retardant additive for improving the cell performance and thermal stability of electrolytes for Li-ion batteries.
In this study, time-dependent discharge resistance and its power capability determined by current pulse experiments (CPE) were investigated according to changes in the state-of-charge and storage temperature. Using pattern analysis of the obtained resistance, two components comprising total discharge resistance were separately obtained and compared with the best fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From this comparison, an initial abrupt resistance drop was found to be a major determining factor of power capability and associated with electrolyte/electric transport in the bulk/film phase. This drop was also found to be associated with a charge transfer reaction at the electrode interphase, indicative of a correlation between the initial resistance drop in CPE and semi-circle resistance in EIS. The following resistance relaxation was possibly due to a chemical diffusion process of lithium ion. After storage at high temperature, it was observed that an increase in discharge resistance was mostly attributable to larger film resistance.
3D electrodes are widely researched for high sulfur loading, but still face challenges toward practical applications due to complex design, limited long cycling stability, and high volumetric changes. Herein, we report an efficient, facile, and cost-effective carbon-tungsten disulfide twisted cloth fibers (C/WS2-TCF/S) as a 3D cathode for Li–S battery. The C/WS2-TCF/S cathode combines the advantages of evenly-dispersed C/WS2 matrices and interconnected twisted cloth fiber networks which trap the polysulfide species, accommodate large active sulfur, and maintain the stable cycling performance even cycled at higher sulfur loading. In situ Raman spectroscopy further reveals the low shuttling effect observed with C/WS2-TCF/S cathode. With sulfur loadings of 2 mg cm−2, 3.5 mg cm−2, and 5 mg cm−2, C/WS2-TCF/S cathode shows high specific capacities at 1C. Moreover, for a sulfur loading of 4.5 mg cm−2, an initial discharge capacity of 722 mA h g−1 is delivered with capacity decay of 0.06% per cycle over 500 cycles at 0.5C. This work is valuable for the efficient design and preparation of high-loading cathode of lithium-sulfur batteries.
Porous aggregated nanorods of Co3O4 with a surface area of ~100 m2 g−1 synthesized without using any templates or surfactants give very high specific capacitance of ~780 F g−1 when used as electrode in a faradaic supercapacitor, with a cycle life of more than 1,000 cycles. Further, in Li-ion batteries when used as an anode, the Co3O4 nanorods achieved a capacity of 1155 mA h g−1 in the first cycle and upon further cycling it is stabilized at 820 mA h g−1 for more than 25 cycles. Detailed characterization indicated the stability of the material and the improved performance is attributed to the shorter Li-insertion/desertion pathways offered by the highly porous nanostructures. The environmentally benign and easily scalable method of synthesis of the porous Co3O4 nanorods coupled with the superior electrode characteristics in supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries provide efficient energy storage capabilities with promising applications.
This paper aims to investigate the choice for charging mode and location with the revealed preference data of battery electric vehicle (BEV) users in Japan. Three alternatives including the normal charging at home (for private BEVs)/company premise (for commercial BEVs), normal charging at public charging stations and fast charging at public charging stations are defined. A mixed logit model is developed to investigate what and how factors influence BEV users’ choice of charging mode (normal or fast) and location (home/company or public stations), by identifying an appropriate instrumental variable to correct the serious endogeneity problem caused by the midnight indicator. The parameters estimation and results interpretation are conducted for private and commercial BEVs respectively. They suggest that the battery capacity, midnight indicator, initial state of charge (SOC) and number of past fast charging events are the main predictors for users’ choice of charging mode and location, that the day interval between current charging and next trip positively affects the normal charging at home/company. In addition, with the increasing of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT)/travel duration on former/next travel day, the probability of normal charging at home/company is increased for commercial BEVs, while is decreased for private BEVs. The findings obtained herein have provided new insights into the realization of power peak-load shifting and operation strategy for public charging stations, as well as inspired the development and application of new models and methodologies to determine the density and deployment of public charging stations.
India has the most developed renewable energy markets and has the highest energy intensities in Asia. Very little investment and priority are being given to increase of the efficiency. On the other hand, the India has a high potential for developing energy production from renewable energy sources (RES) like solar, water, wind and biomass. However, these potentials are not studied and exploited enough and the present situation for their utilization is not so good. Although energy is a critical foundation for economic growth and social progress of any country, there are many constraints for RES development in all of them (political, technological, financial, legislative, educational, etc.). Obviously, defining development strategies and new support measures are necessary since renewable energy sources can make an important contribution to the regional energy supply and security. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the solar energy harvesting and opportunities in India. In this paper, efforts have been made for cost analysis, payback period calculations, current potential status, promotion policies, targets, major milestones and future of solar energy potential contribution and plans in India.
Movement control impairment reduces active control of movement. Patients with this might form an important subgroup among patients with mechanical cervical pain. Diagnosis is based on the observation of active movement tests. Although widely used clinically, few studies have been performed to determine the reliability of a test battery. The aim of this study was to determine the inter-tester reliability of movement control impairment [MCI] tests on the cervical spine.
Studies have documented effects of drag created by data-logging units attached to seals, but the effect of visual stimuli from such units has not been investigated. We evaluated potential effects of camera attachment including near-infrared flash operation by comparing the diving behaviour of 15 female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) with cameras and 10 seals without cameras. Irrespective of the presence of the camera or flash, all seals exhibited an expected diel dive pattern with shallower, shorter dives, less time at the bottom of a dive, and slower ascent and descent rates at night following krill vertical migration. We also observed a previously unreported foraging trip dive pattern with faster ascents and descents near the end of trips. With cameras present, dive duration and bottom time increased and ascents were slower. During flash operation, dive duration increased and bottom time remained constant throughout the day contrary to the expected diel trend. Also during flash operation, bottom time was shorter at the beginning of a foraging trip and dives were deeper, with longer duration and bottom time later in the trip. We were unable to conclude whether the flash emission spectrum overlapped with the visual sensitivity of seals and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) since visual sensitivity data for seals and krill at longer wavelengths were not available. It is possible that the flash was bright enough for the seals or krill to detect; however, although there was a change in diving behaviour observed during flash operation this behaviour was within the range of values normally observed for these seals and should not cause ethical concern.
Preferred orientation of zinc deposits during charging is shown to significantly improve performance and cycle life in flow-assisted alkaline zinc batteries, which has not been demonstrated earlier. The preferred orientation of zinc deposits was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Compact zinc is found to have ( 11 2 ¯ 2 ) preferred orientation on brass, which contributes to ∼60% of the texture. The effect of charging current and zincate concentration on morphology was investigated in a rotating hull cell and correlated with anodic efficiency. Compact zinc deposits are found to have a fine-grained, bright finish and the highest anodic efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) proves that compact zinc corresponds to the minimum in the half-cell resistance. Morphological control using compact zinc could be accomplished using innovations such as pulse charging or enhanced mass-transfer to improve anode performance without affecting the cathode.
Herein we report a simple and scalable route to synthesize porous cobalt/cobalt oxide - carbon sphere composites as anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. It involves the impregnation of starch-derived hydrochar spheres with a cobalt salt, followed by a heat treatment (700 °C) under inert atmosphere. The obtained high surface area (∼670 m2 g−1), submicron spheres (∼300 nm diameter) with high-degree of microporosity (81%) consist of an amorphous carbon matrix with embedded Co/CoO nanoparticles (∼6 nm sized), having a total cobalt content of 6.2 wt%. The hybrid sphere anodes demonstrated superior specific capacity, rate performance and cycling stability. Discharge capacities of 520 and 310 mA h g−1 are observed at charge-discharge rates of 0.1 and 1C respectively. No significant capacity fading is identified on prolonged cycling at various current densities. The electrode also demonstratedexcellent structural stability during extended charge-discharge processes.
Face perception is subtended by a large set of areas in the human ventral occipito-temporal cortex. However, the role of these areas and their importance for face recognition remain largely unclear. Here we report a case of transient selective impairment in face recognition (prosopagnosia) induced by focal electrical intracerebral stimulation of the right inferior occipital gyrus. This area presents with typical face-sensitivity as evidenced by functional neuroimaging right occipital face area (OFA). A face-sensitive intracerebral N170 was also recorded in this area, supporting its contribution as a source of the well-known N170 component typically recorded on the scalp. Altogether, these observations indicate that face recognition can be selectively impaired by local disruption of a single face-sensitive area of the network subtending this function, the right OFA.
The free-standing hierarchical flower-like NiCo-double hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide composite (NiCo-DH/RGO) on Ni foam (NiF) was synthesized with a facile two-step method. First, the growth of partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) membrane on NiF was achieved via the direct reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by NiF, which acted as not only the reducing agent but also the current collector. Then, the growth of high mass-loading NiCo-DH on PRGO/NiF was realized with a hydrothermal process, in which acetamide plays a crucial role. The high mass-loading of NiCo-DH is due to the addition of acetamide into the hydrothermal bath, in which PRGO reacted with the solution, containing Ni(II), Co(II), acetamide and urea, to form a thick gelatinous membrane on Ni foam. During the hydrothermal process, PRGO was further reduced to RGO while both Ni(II) and Co(II) reacted with ammonium, released by the hydrolysis of urea, to form NiCo-DH. Used as the positive electrode of supercapacitor, NiCo-DH/RGO/NiF displays an ultrahigh areal capacity of 6.15 C cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2 and 94.6% capacity retention after 1000 GCD cycles at 10 mA cm−2. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is also assembled with NiCo-DH/rGO/NiF as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The ASC exhibits a prominent energy density of 61.81 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 842.63 W kg−1. It is especially worth noting that the ASC exhibited remarkable capacity retention of 84.53% even after 1000 GCD cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Optimal thermal management is a key requirement in commercial utilization of lithium ion battery comprising of phase change electrodes. In order to facilitate design of battery packs, thermal management systems and fast charging profiles, a thermally coupled electrochemical model that takes into account the phase change phenomenon is required. In the present work, an electrochemical thermal model is proposed which includes the biphasic nature of phase change electrodes, such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP), via a generalized moving boundary model. The contribution of phase change to the heat released during the cell operation is modeled using an equivalent enthalpy approach. The heat released due to phase transformation is analyzed in comparison with other sources of heat such as reversible, irreversible and ohmic. Detailed study of the thermal behavior of the individual cell components with changing ambient temperature, rate of operation and heat transfer coefficient is carried out. Analysis of heat generation in the various regimes is used to develop cell design and operating guidelines. Further, different charging protocols are analyzed and a model based methodology is suggested to design an efficient quick charging protocol.
Na insertion into sol-gel made nanocrystalline spinel, Li4Ti5O12 (nano LTS) and reference commercial spinel (Aldrich LTS) is studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry at 1C and 2C charging/discharging rates. Nanocrystalline LTS exhibits the best performance for Na storage, its charge capacities reach 156 mAhg−1 and are twice as high as those of reference Aldrich LTS. A capacity drop of nano LTS taking place during galvanostatic cycling is ascribed to irreversible structural changes induced by Na accommodation in the Li4Ti5O12 lattice. Raman spectroscopy of nano LTS after Na insertion reveals a formation of orthorhombic Li0,5TiO2 phase in original nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12. The occurrence of this phase, which is commonly formed during Li insertion into anatase, is discussed in terms of induced Li redistribution and its accommodation in very minor anatase impurities detectable by Raman spectroelectrochemistry and HRTEM, but visible neither by X-ray diffractometry nor cyclic voltammetry of Na insertion.
Additive manufacturing (AM) can be a game changer of ceramic industry by opening up new avenues in terms of reduction in cost and ushering in to the domain of designing complicated structure without having dependence on exotic tools. Unlike polymers and metals where AM technology is growing up rapidly, growth of the same in ceramic industry is rather slow due to several technical challenges. However, AM of ceramics is growing steadily as there is considerable urge for producing fully dense defect-free ceramic components with complex geometry for which AM technology comes very handy. Consequently, many AM technologies have been used to fabricate ceramic components with varying results depending upon the nature of the material, AM technology, and part complexity. Thus, beside the nature of the processed ceramic, it is of paramount interest to select right kind of AM process for a particular application in terms of complexity, size density, and surface finish. This review gives present status in AM of ceramics along with some relevant properties of parts produced by AM technology followed by challenges and future prospects of ceramic AM.
A new copolymer polyacrylonitrile-co-bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]itaconate (abbreviated as PANI) was synthesized in the hope of getting a polymer host having a better ability of trapping organic solvent to overcome the drawbacks of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) system gel polymer electrolytes. Blend of PAN and PANI was complexed with organic solvents, ethylene carbonate (EC) and γ-butyrolactone (BL), and LiClO4 salt. The highest room temperature conductivity of 1.9×10−3 Scm−1 was found for a film of 25PAN–10PANI–50EC/BL–15LiClO4. The PANI was found to effectively trap organic solvents and, therefore, greatly enhance the miscibility of polymer host and solvents, possibly due to ion chelating ability of itaconate unit. The PAN–PANI blend gel-electrolyte, as compared with pristine PAN-based electrolyte, had better electrochemical stability and was more stable toward lithium electrode, though it exhibited slightly less mechanical rigidity caused by amorphization of the PAN matrix.
An increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) will have a significant impact on the electricity grids. For target grid planning, it is essential to identify and quantify this impact in terms of local infrastructure overloads. We study the impact of EV charging loads on Swiss distribution substations under different penetration levels and pricing regimes. Unlike mainly conceptual studies focusing on generic distribution grids, we use real data—driving profiles matched to regional circumstances, Swiss substation capacity and load data in the high-voltage grid together with electricity prices—as the main data inputs. To reflect current regulation and contracting schemes, we apply decentral decision-making instead of central control. The results indicate that under a flat electricity tariff and EV penetration levels around 16% the current substation capacity will be sufficient to cover additional EV charging load. However, beyond penetration levels of 50% an increasing number of substations will be overloaded. More significantly, the introduction of dynamic electricity prices can further increase the risk of substation overloads. These results show that EV charging loads can also cause bottlenecks on substations in the high-voltage grid.
Effect of Co substitution for Mn on Li[Ni0.5Co x Mn1.5−x ]O4 was investigated. Co-precipitation was employed to synthesize the [Ni0.25Co x Mn0.75−x ](OH)2 as a precursor and it was fired with LiOH at 900°C for 20h in air. From Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data and scanning electron microscopic examinations, it was found that the as-synthesized Li[Ni0.5Co x Mn1.5−x ]O4 were crystallized in cubic spinel structure with Fd3m space group and the final products presented spherical secondary morphology (3μm in average). Electrochemical investigation revealed that Co3+ replacement for Mn4+ gave rise to improved rate and cycling performances probably due to the improved electronic conductivity and structural stability achieved by the presence of Co3+ in the spinel Li[Ni0.5Co x Mn1.5−x ]O4.