batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) are emerging as an efficient and sustainable alternative for private and public road transportation. From the point of view of electric grids, PEVs are currently considered as simple loads due to their low market penetration. However, as the PEV fleet grows, implementation of an intelligent management system will be necessary in order to avoid large capital expenditures in network reinforcements and negative effects on electric distribution networks, such as: voltage deviations, transformers and lines saturations, increase of electrical losses, etc. These issues may jeopardize the safety and reliability of the grid. As a consequence, this topic has been researched in many papers where a wide range of solutions have been proposed. This paper presents a review of different strategies, algorithms and methods to implement a smart charging control system. Also significant projects around the world about PEVs integration are presented. Finally, on the basis of this review, main findings and some recommendations are presented.
The electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is a new technology for grid energy storage that is based on the fundamental principles of supercapacitors. The EFC benefits from the advantages of both supercapacitors and flow batteries in that it is capable of rapid charging/discharging, has a long cycle lifetime, and enables energy storage and power to be decoupled and optimized for the desired application. The unique aspect of the EFC is that it utilizes a flowable carbon-electrolyte suspension (slurry) for capacitive energy storage. Similar to traditional supercapacitor electrodes, this aqueous slurry is limited in terms of energy density, when compared to batteries. To address this limitation, in this study a pseudocapacitive additive has been explored to increase capacitance. A carbon-electrolyte slurry prepared with p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a redox mediator, shows an increased capacitance on the order of 86% when compared with KOH electrolytes, and a 130% increase when compared to previously reported neutral electrolyte based slurries. The redox-mediated slurry also appears to benefit from a decrease in ohmic resistance with increasing concentrations of PPD, most likely a result of an increase in the ionic diffusion coefficient. Among the tested slurries, a concentration of 0.139M of PPD in 2M KOH electrolyte yields the largest capacitance and rate handling performance in both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling experiments. The improved performance is attributed to the addition of quick faradaic reactions at the electrolyte-electrode interface as PPD undergoes a two-proton/two-electron reduction and oxidation reaction during cycling.
Poultry droppings from poultry farms and rice husks obtained from rice milling process are generally considered as wastes and discarded in Nigeria. Although many studies have shown that microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can generate electricity from organic wastes, little or no study have examined MFCs for generating electricity from poultry droppings and rice husk as electrode material.
Polyaniline-intercalated layered manganese oxide (PANI-MnO2) nanocomposite was synthesized via exchange reaction of polyaniline (PANI) with n-octadecyltrimethylammonium-intercalated manganese oxide in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent. The PANI-MnO2 nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and so on. XRD analysis showed that the basal spacing was 1.47nm, corresponding to the benzene rings of PANI were arranged in a zigzag conformation and located perpendicular to the inorganic layers. The CN stretching vibration (ν CN) which appeared with PANI at 1293cm−1 shifted to 1306cm−1 for PANI-MnO2 nanocomposite, indicating the existence of interactions between intercalated PANI and manganese oxide layers. The XPS results showed that PANI was still in the conductive form after inserting the polymer into layered manganese oxide. The electrochemical properties as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors were examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge test in 0.1M Na2SO4 solution. The maximum specific capacitance of 330Fg−1 was obtained from galvanostatic charge/discharge at a constant current density of 1Ag−1. The specific capacitance of PANI-MnO2 nanocomposite had improvement values of 76 and 59% compared to those of PANI (187Fg−1) and manganese oxide (208Fg−1) components, respectively, which was due to synergic effects from each pristine component.
In a long-term clinical trial, a responsive neurostimulation system was shown to reduce seizures and improve quality of life in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, these effects persisted over an extended time period. Will neurostimulation close the treatment gap for patients with refractory epilepsy?
Development of lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries is limited by their low Coulombic efficiency and low cycle life, which are mainly due to active mass loss and polysulfide dissolution into the electrolyte solution. Here we report a new approach to overcome these drawbacks by employing a novel composite polymer electrolyte that not only facilitates rapid transport of lithium ions for electrochemical reactions with sulfur, resulting in improved capacity of the battery, but also prevents the generated polysulfides from shuttling between the electrodes during cycling of the battery. Improved performance of the battery was achieved: An initial discharge capacity of 1648 mA h g sulfur − 1 and reversible capacity of 1143 mA h g sulfur − 1 were obtained after 100 cycles at 0.2 C (1 C = 1672 mA h g−1), which could be among the highest reversible capacities reported for Li/S batteries so far.
Involving more nickel proportion in Ni-rich cathodes, edging to LiNiO2, is an inevitable trend to satisfy the demand of high energy density in lithium-ion batteries, but an inducement for the severer formation of undesirable lithium residues. To overcome the consequent degradation behaviors, a LiCoO2@Co3O4 complex coating layer is successfully realized on the surface of LiNiO2 via a facile wet-chemical method taking advantage of the Li-reactive ability of Co3O4. As a result, the 0.4 wt.% Co modified material exhibits competitively enhanced cyclic performance with 178.1 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 1 C, 11% higher than the pristine one in retention rate. Even at higher rates and temperature, it shows better electrochemical stability as well. The superior electrochemical properties of LiCoO2@Co3O4 coated LiNiO2 is ascribed to the dual-function of the coating method, where Co3O4 is formed during heat treatment and simultaneously reacted with surface lithium residues to generate LiCoO2. In combination of bulk and surface characterization, the significant effects of the coating layer on stabilizing material interface and strengthening the kinetic characteristics for LiNiO2 cathode materials are investigated and elucidated in detail.
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming an attractive solution in the context of high penetration of photovoltaics (PV) in buildings caused by the strive to achieve net or nearly zero energy status. Besides retrieving solar radiation to produce electricity, BIPV also offers aesthetical advantages because of its architectural feature. This paper reports on the electrical energy performance of a passive solar office building, Solar XXI, located in Lisbon, Portugal, which has installed on the South façade a BIPV (12 kWp) and an additional photovoltaic roof system in a nearby car park facility (12 kWp) for electricity generation. The main objective is to investigate the potential to increase load matching between energy generation and consumption and improve grid interaction for two scenarios using the energy flexibility enabled by the integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) with capacities ranging from 13.5 kWh to 54 kWh. To collect the required results, real consumption and generation data are used, together with numerical simulations related to the integration of the BESS. The results show that load matching and grid interaction related metrics can be significantly improved by using the energy flexibility provided by a BESS and that the implementation of such system can be economically viable for a 10-year period.
Mesophase pitch-derived synthetic graphite was hybridized with natural graphite/carbon nanofiber (NG/CNF) composites prepared by mechanical mixing, carbonization, and graphitization processes. Addition of the NG/CNF composites introduced effective internal pores inside the synthetic graphite matrix, thereby improving the rate performance, 1st cycle coulombic efficiency, and cyclability. Hybridized graphite with 10wt% of added NG/CNF composite exhibited the best rate performance, with a discharge capacity retention rate of over 90% after a 5C discharge test.
The electrochemical charge and discharge behavior of Co powders has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), charge and discharge testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at room temperature. Mechanical milling (MM) has been used to treat the Co powders for a comparative experiment. Mechanical milling induces a phase transition of fcc phase to hcp phase, an increase in particle size, and a decrease in grain size. The results of the XRD indicate a reversible reaction between Co and Co(OH)2. The non-milled Co has a higher discharge capacity at a current density of 60mAg−1 as compared to the milled one. However, the milled Co presents a better HRD, in spite of the discrepancy in particle size. The results of EIS show that the electrochemical reaction process of Co powders consists of three steps, that is the charge-transfer of Co/Co(OH)2 or Co/CoH x , the mass-transfer of HCoO2 −, and hydrogen diffusion within Co, depending on the depth of discharge.
Development of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries has suffered from insufficient capacity and poor cycle-life. One of the reasons for these drawbacks is loss of active material, which is associated with the rapid diffusion of highly soluble lithium polysulfides formed as intermediates of discharge products in organic electrolytes, resulting in internal shuttling of lithium polysulfides. The diffusion of lithium polysulfides is determined largely by the physicochemical properties of electrolytes. Therefore, design of the physicochemical properties of the electrolyte to restrain the internal shuttling is vital to promote high performance for Li–S batteries. Here we present a newly designed room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-based organic electrolyte for Li–S battery. Our electrolyte provides a trade-off between solubility and diffusion rate of lithium polysulfides by mixing very different physicochemical properties of two solvents: high lithium polysulfide solubility of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and high viscosity of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13-TFSI). An adequate composition ratio of mixed PP13-TFSI/DME afforded large capacity, high Coulombic efficiency, improved capacity retention, and suppressed internal shuttling.
The lithium-excess manganese oxides are a candidate cathode material for the next generation of Li-ion batteries because of their ability to reversibly intercalate more Li than traditional cathode materials. Although reversible oxidation of lattice oxygen has been proposed as the origin of this anomalous excess capacity, questions about the underlying electrochemical reaction mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we critically analyse the O2−/O− oxygen redox hypothesis and explore alternative explanations for the origin of the anomalous capacity, including the formation of peroxide ions or trapped oxygen molecules and the oxidation of Mn. First-principles calculations motivated by the Li–Mn–O phase diagram show that the electrochemical behaviour of the Li-excess manganese oxides is thermodynamically consistent with the oxidation of Mn from the +4 oxidation state to the +7 oxidation state and the concomitant migration of Mn from octahedral sites to tetrahedral sites. It is shown that the Mn oxidation hypothesis can explain the poorly understood electrochemical behaviour of Li-excess materials, including the activation step, the voltage hysteresis and voltage fade.
More convenience and intelligence life lead by flexible/wearable electronics requires innovation and hommization of power sources. Here, amorphous FeOOH/MnO2 composite as screen-printed electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) is synthesized by a facile method, and solid-state flexible SCs with aesthetic design are fabricated by fully screen-printed process on different substrates, including PET, paper and textile. The amorphous FeOOH/MnO2 composite shows a high specific capacitance and a good rate capability (350.2 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and 159.5 F g−1 at 20 A g−1). It also possesses 95.6% capacitance retention even after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, the all-printed solid-state flexible SC device exhibits a high area specific capacitance of 5.7 mF cm−2 and 80% capacitance retention even after 2000 cycles. It also shows high mechanical flexibility. Simultaneously, these printed SCs on different substrates in series are capable to light up a 1.9 V yellow light emitting diode (LED), even after bending and stretching.
13C-carbon black substituted composite LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes were tested in model electrochemical cells to monitor qualitatively and quantitatively carbon additive(s) distribution changes within tested cells and establish possible links with other detrimental phenomena. Raman qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of 13C in the cell components was carried out to trace the possible carbon rearrangement/movement in the cell. Small amount of cathode carbon additives were found trapped in the separator, at the surface of Li-foil anode, and in the electrolyte. The structure of the carried away carbon particles was highly amorphous unlike the original 12C-graphite and 13C-carbon black additives. The role of the carbon additive, the mechanism of carbon retreat in composite cathodes and its correlation with the increase of the cathode interfacial charge-transfer impedance, which accounts for the observed cell power and capacity loss is investigated and discussed.
Pt and Ru x Se y nanoparticles were selectively deposited onto oxide sites of oxide–carbon composite substrates using the photo-deposition process and compared to conventional carbon support materials. The oxide was essentially anatase phase. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode measurements for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in formic acid containing-electrolyte showed a tolerance improvement for ORR of Pt supported on composite substrates. This positive substrate effect on platinum, turned out not to be favorable for Ru x Se y catalyst centers. On the other hand, the methanol tolerance for ORR was increased for both nanostructured materials supported on the oxide–carbon composite. Single H2/O2 fuel cell results were in agreement with half-cell electrochemical measurements on Pt, showing an improvement of the power density when using the oxide–carbon as substrate for the cathode. The composites were evaluated as cathode catalysts of an HCOOH laminar-flow fuel cell (LFFC) in which commercial Pd/C was used as an anode catalyst. The cathodes with Ru x Se y and Pt supported on TiO2/C improved the specific power density by 15% and 24%, respectively, with respect to carbon as support.
Layered molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) has been widely investigated as a promising Li battery cathode material. However, its low conductivity and irreversible structure change during charge–discharge process leads to its poor electrochemical performance. Although several methods have been reported to increase its conductivity, the issue of structure degradation still hinders its practical application. Here, a Na+ pre-intercalation strategy was proposed. The Na ions were successfully pre-intercalated into MoO3 nanobelts via a facile method, and the intercalation amount can be well controlled. Compared to pristine MoO3, the Na+ pre-intercalated nanobelts exhibit significant improvement in cycling stability as well as rate capability. Through in-situ XRD analyses combined with the electrochemical tests, it is demonstrated that the Na ions between the Mo–O interlayers effectively inhibit the irreversible phase transition and stabilize the layered structure. The inhibiting effect and the proposed Na+ pre-intercalation strategy are fundamentally important to further promote the development of molybdenum based or other layered electrode materials.
The objective of this study was to further explore proper name (PN) retrieval and conceptual knowledge in patients with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy (69 patients with LTLE and 62 patients with RTLE) using a refined assessment procedure. Based on the performance of a large group of age- and education-matched normals, a new test of famous faces and famous landmarks was designed. Recognition, naming, and semantic knowledge were assessed consecutively, allowing for a better characterization of deficient levels in the naming system. Impairment in PN retrieval was common in the cohort with TLE. Furthermore, side of seizure onset impaired stages of name retrieval differently: LTLE impaired the lexico-phonological processing, whereas RTLE mainly impaired the perceptual–semantic stage of object recognition. In addition to deficient PN retrieval, patients with TLE had reduced conceptual knowledge regarding famous persons and landmarks.
According to existing literature, musicians experience high rates of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders involving different anatomical areas. The aim of the study was to identify patterns of pain location in a sample of music students enrolled in different pan-European music institutions. A further goal was to explore the association between the identified pain patterns and students’ characteristics.
The redox kinetics of VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ couples on a carbon paper (CP, HCP030 N, Shanghai Hesen, Ltd., China) electrode were investigated in terms of their standard rate constant (k0) and reaction mechanism. The values determined for k0 for VO2+ → VO2+ and V3+ → V2+ using the CP electrode are 1.0 × 10−3 and 1.1 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively. The value of k0 increases by one or two order(s) of magnitude compared with values obtained using electrodes composed of pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon. The acceleration of the redox kinetics of vanadium ions is a result of the large surface area of the CP electrode. An inner-sphere mechanism for the reaction on the surface of the electrode is proposed. The kinetic features of vanadium redox reactions on the CP electrode reveal that CP is suitable for use as the electrodes in vanadium redox-flow batteries.
Buildings consume about 41.1% of primary energy and 74% of the electricity in the U.S. Better or even optimal building energy control and operation strategies provide great opportunities to reduce building energy consumption. Moreover, it is estimated by the National Energy Technology Laboratory that more than one-fourth of the 713GW of U.S. electricity demand in 2010 could be dispatchable if only buildings could respond to that dispatch through advanced building energy control and operation strategies and smart grid infrastructure. Energy forecasting models for building energy systems are essential to building energy control and operation. Three general categories of building energy forecasting models have been reported in the literature which include white-box (physics-based), black-box (data-driven), and gray-box (combination of physics based and data-driven) modeling approaches. This paper summarizes the existing efforts in this area as well as other critical areas related to building energy modeling, such as short-term weather forecasting. An up-to-date overview of research on application of building energy modeling methods in optimal control for single building and multiple buildings is also summarized in this paper. Different model-based and model-free optimization methods for building energy system operation are reviewed and compared in this paper. Agent based modeling, as a new modeling strategy, has made a remarkable progress in distributed energy systems control and optimization in the past years. The research literature on application of agent based model in building energy system control and operation is also identified and discussed in this paper.
An in-depth understanding of electrode reactions is essential to achieve a breakthrough in lithium-ion battery technology, the new ‘engine’ for electric vehicles. Recent studies have continued to reveal unexpected electrode behaviors, providing a more refined view of the operating mechanisms of electrodes from the atomistic to particle level and offering new perspectives to design better battery systems. Herein, it is observed for the first time that the history of applied current densities is memorized in electrode materials that operate via a two-phase reaction and systematically induces a transient galvanostatic profile variation of the electrode. These unforeseen profile changes can be explained by a new proposed intercalation model in which active particle sub-groupings are intermittently generated with a non-uniform chemical potential distribution at the end of charge or discharge. The types of active particle groupings are determined by the current density of the prior charge or discharge, resulting in distinct signatures in the electrochemical profile in the subsequent galvanostatic process. Our proposed intercalation model affords a more comprehensive view of the behavior of electrodes containing many-body particles by elucidating the effect of the applied current densities.
Nowadays market price uncertainty is one of the important challenging issues in the optimal scheduling of smart apartment building (SAB). So, in this paper, a robust optimization approach (ROA) is proposed for robust scheduling of SAB in the presence of price uncertainty. For modeling the market price uncertainty, upper and lower limits of the market price are considered instead of the forecasted market prices. The proposed sample system includes a SAB that contains ten smart homes (SHs) with different living habits and equipped with different equipment, i.e. combined heat and power (CHP), boiler, battery storage system (BSS), thermal storage system (TSS) and smart appliances. To assess the effectiveness of a home energy management system (HEMS) on the performance of the proposed problem, two different controlling scenarios are studied, namely normal and smart scenarios. It should be mentioned that the proposed model is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) which guarantees global optimal solution and carried out with general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software.
As a recently increasing trend among different applications of smart grid vision, smart households as a new implementation area of demand response (DR) strategies have drawn more attention both in research and in engineering practice. On the other hand, optimum sizing of renewable energy based small scale hybrid systems is also a topic that is widely covered by the existing literature. In this study, the sizing of additional distributed generation (DG) and energy storage systems (ESSs) to be applied in smart households, that due to DR activities have a different daily demand profile compared with normal household profiles, is investigated. To the best knowledge of the authors this is the first attempt in the literature to investigate this issue, also including step-wise decreasing cost functions for DG and ESS, varying load and DG production profiles seasonally, and weekday–weekend horizons for a long-term analysis period. The study is conducted using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework for home energy management system (HEM) modeling and techno-economical sizing. Also, different sensitivity analyses considering the impacts of variation of economic inputs on the provided model are realized.