batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Deletion and truncation mutations in the X-linked gene CASK are associated with severe intellectual disability (ID), microcephaly and pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia in girls (MICPCH). The molecular origin of CASK-linked MICPCH is presumed to be due to disruption of the CASK–Tbr-1 interaction. This hypothesis, however, has not been directly tested. Missense variants in CASK are typically asymptomatic in girls. We report three severely affected girls with heterozygous CASK missense mutations (M519T (2), G659D (1)) who exhibit ID, microcephaly, and hindbrain hypoplasia. The mutation M519T results in the replacement of an evolutionarily invariant methionine located in the PDZ signaling domain known to be critical for the CASK–neurexin interaction. CASKM519T is incapable of binding to neurexin, suggesting a critically important role for the CASK–neurexin interaction. The mutation G659D is in the SH3 (Src homology 3) domain of CASK, replacing a semi-conserved glycine with aspartate. We demonstrate that the CASKG659D mutation affects the CASK protein in two independent ways: (1) it increases the protein’s propensity to aggregate; and (2) it disrupts the interface between CASK’s PDZ (PSD95, Dlg, ZO-1) and SH3 domains, inhibiting the CASK–neurexin interaction despite residing outside of the domain deemed critical for neurexin interaction. Since heterozygosity of other aggregation-inducing mutations (e.g., CASKW919R) does not produce MICPCH, we suggest that the G659D mutation produces microcephaly by disrupting the CASK–neurexin interaction. Our results suggest that disruption of the CASK–neurexin interaction, not the CASK–Tbr-1 interaction, produces microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. These findings underscore the importance of functional validation for variant classification.
The study of the neural basis of syntactic processing has greatly benefited from neuroimaging techniques. Research on syntactic processing in bilinguals has used a variety of techniques, including mainly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP). This paper reports on a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study on syntactic processing in highly proficient young adult speakers of Portuguese (mother tongue) (L1) and French (second language) (L2). They made a syntactic judgment of visually presented sentences, which either did or did not contain noun–verb agreement violations. The results showed that syntactic processing in both languages resulted in significant activation in anterior frontal regions of the left hemisphere and in the temporal superior posterior areas of the right hemisphere, with a more prominent activation for L2 in some areas. These findings corroborate previously reported neuroimaging evidence, showing the suitability of fNIRS for the study of syntactic processing in the bilingual brain.
Prospective positive-electrode (cathode) materials for a lithium secondary battery, viz., Li[Li0.2Ni0.2−x/2Mn0.6−x/2Cr x ]O2 (x =0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08), were synthesized using a solid-state pyrolysis method. The structural and electrochemical properties were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, SEM and charge–discharge tests. The results demonstrated that the powders maintain the α-NaFeO2-type layered structure regardless of the chromium content in the range x ≤0.08. The Cr doping of x =0.04 showed improved capacity and rate capability comparing to undoped Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2. ac impedance measurement showed that Cr-doped electrode has the lower impedance value during cycling. It is considered that the higher capacity and superior rate capability of Cr-doping samples would be ascribed to the reduced resistance of the electrode during cycling.
We developed a 3D electrochemical model for simulating the electrochemical properties and revealing the internal properties of a single LiFePO4 secondary particle during cycling. The main model parameters, such as the diffusion coefficient and rate constant, were optimized using rate capability data, which have been measured experimentally with a unique single particle measurement technique. We simulated voltage profiles at different c-rates from 2 to 20C, which were approximately equivalent to the experimental voltage profiles. The model estimated real-time overpotential, lithium ion concentration, and state-of-charge within the single particle, which have not been obtained experimentally, while changing design parameters and operating conditions. We validated the reliability and applicability of the model by comparing and analyzing the electrochemical results of various LiFePO4 secondary particles with variable design parameters (i.e., solid volume fraction, secondary particle size, and primary particle size).
Mutations in PLA2G6, which encodes calcium-independent phospholipase A2 group VIA (iPLA2-VIA), underlie the autosomal recessive disorder infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). INAD typically presents in the first year of life, and leads to optic atrophy and psychomotor regression. We have examined PLA2G6 expression in early human embryonic development by in situ hybridization. At Carnegie Stage (CS) 19 (approximately 7 post-conception weeks [PCW]), strong expression is evident in the ventricular zone (VZ) of midbrain and forebrain suggestive of expression in neural stem and progenitor cells. At CS23 (8PCW) expression is also detectable in the VZ of the hindbrain and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the developing neocortex, ganglionic eminences and diencephalon. By 9PCW strong expression in the post-mitotic cells of the cortical plate can be seen in the developing neocortex. In the eye, expression is seen in the lens and retina at all stages examined. PLA2G6 expression is also evident in the alar plate of the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, the retina and lens in the eye and several non-neuronal tissues, including developing bones, lung, kidney and gut. These findings suggest a role for PLA2G6 in neuronal proliferation throughout the developing brain and in maturing neurons in the cortical plate and hindbrain. Although widespread PLA2G6 expression is detected in neuronal tissues, the pattern shows dynamic changes with time and indicates that INAD pathogenesis may begin prior to birth.
Asymmetric alkyl carbonate solvents (ACS) have been used as components of liquid electrolyte systems designed for Li-ion cells. Four ACS were selected: methyl-propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl-propyl carbonate (EPC), methyl-isopropyl carbonate (MiPC) and ethyl-isopropyl carbonate (EiPC). The common features of all these ACS are a low melting point and a low viscosity, enhancing electrolytes conductivity toward low temperatures. The viscosity and the conductivity (salt: LiPF6, 1M) of the ACS and their mixtures with ethylene carbonate (EC, 50% v/v), were studied as a function of the temperature (T). Arrhenius types plots of the logarithm of the conductivity versus 1/T reveals that ACS and ACS/EC mixtures are vitreous at low temperatures. The electrochemical and cycling behaviors of a graphite anode and a LiCoO2 cathode have been evaluated using coin cells with a Li counter electrode. The charge and discharge capacities have been determined as a function of the cycle number. MiPC which builds an highly stable surface film on the graphite electrode, can be used as a single-solvent electrolyte with only a slight decrease in capacity of the LiCoO2 cathode. All ACS/EC mixtures exhibit good filming properties at the negative electrode and no capacity loose at the positive electrode. The ability of some of the electrodes–electrolyte systems to undergo increased rates of discharge (C/5 to C/2) has been also evaluated.
Nickel and cobalt binary hydroxides with hydrotalcite-like structure were successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method without any surfactants. The contents of Ni and Co in the binary hydroxides could be easily tuned by altering the molar ratio of metal salts in the reaction solution. Five typical hydroxides were prepared with different Ni–Co molar ratios of 1:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 0:1. Structure analysis confirmed that the hydroxides formed as 3D microflowers in shape with a good hydrotalcite-like structure. The Ni–Co binary hydroxides showed significant improvement in specific capacitance compared to unary hydroxides due to their higher interlayer spacings and improved electrical conductivity. As the content of nickel increased, the hydroxides tended to have a higher specific capacitance with a gradually deteriorative rate capability. Electrochemical data demonstrated that the binary hydroxide with Ni–Co molar ratio of 7:3 could deliver the maximum specific capacitance of 1803.6Fg−1, while the binary hydroxide with Ni–Co molar ratio of 3:7 exhibited a high rate capability. An asymmetric capacitor using a typical binary hydroxide as positive material and activated carbon as negative material exhibited an excellent comprehensive performance. Our experimental results also gave a clue that the charge storage stability and rate capability of these hydroxides highly depend on their interlayer spacing.
Although anterograde memory deficits are well documented in patients with epilepsy, the extent to which remote memory deficits occur is less clear. This is due in part to a lack of reliable methods for assessment. The present study examined the feasibility of using the Transient News Events Test (TNET) to assess remote memory in subjects status post anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for the treatment of refractory seizures. Results indicated significantly poorer performance of the patient group compared to healthy controls. The decrement in performance within the patient group was evident only for items from more recent time periods. Reasons for an apparent stability of the most remote memories with ATL and implications regarding hippocampal function are reviewed. In conclusion, the TNET provides a feasible method for assessment of remote memory function in patients with epilepsy, with decrements in performance noted in comparison to a healthy control group in this retrospective study.
In this work, we study the physico-chemistry and electrochemistry of lithium ferrite synthesized by solid-state reaction. Characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Raman scattering (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and SQUID magnetometry. XRD peaks gradually sharpen with increasing firing temperature; all the diffraction peaks can be indexed to the cubic α-LiFeO2 phase (Fm3m space group) with the refined cell parameter a =4.155Å. RS and FTIR spectra show the vibrational modes due to covalent Fe–O bonds and the Li-cage mode at low-frequency. The electrochemical properties of Li/LiFeO2 are revisited along with the post-mortem analysis of the positive electrode material using XRD and Raman experiments.
Considerable effort has been devoted to the modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as well as fuel processing units (FPUs). Many of these models consider only steady state analysis; the available dynamic models typically operate only in simple open loop configurations. However, a liquid fuel processor/PEMFC stack power unit for vehicular application will require tight integration and regulation of multiple units in order to function economically and reliably. Moreover, vehicular operation is inherently dynamic in nature, so traditional steady state process design approaches will be of limited value. This work addresses a minimum set of subcomponents necessary for modeling an overall vehicular power system. Additionally, the integration and control of these sub-units is addressed so that the unit can be operated as needed in a vehicular application by following a reference power trajectory. A number of design and operational parameters can be adjusted and the impact on system performance studied. Based on this preliminary analysis, heuristics are developed for optimal operation and design.
Pulverisation phenomena occurring during the charge/discharge cycling of metal hydride materials were studied by acoustic emission coupled to electrochemical measurements. Two kinds of materials were studied: a commercial LaNi5-based alloy and a ball-milled MgNi alloy. In both alloys, two populations of acoustic signals were detected during charging steps: P1, showing peak frequencies between 230 and 260kHz, high energy and low rise time, and P2 with peak frequencies between 150 and 180kHz, lower energy and longer rise time. Population P2 is related to the hydrogen evolution reaction whereas P1 is associated with pulverisation phenomena. No acoustic activity was detected during discharge. We also investigated pulverisation phenomena through cycles by monitoring the P1 population. It appears that pulverisation occurs mainly during the five first cycles for LaNi5 with a maximum at the second cycle, while pulverisation takes place all along the cycling for MgNi, but at a decreasing rate. By comparing the P1 activities, it appears that the pulverization phenomenon is less intensive on the MgNi electrode than on the LaNi5-based electrode.
The poor cycling stability of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide cathodes used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has severely limited their practical application. Unfortunately, current strategies to improve their lifecycle sacrifice initial capacity. In this paper, we firstly report the synergistic improvement of the electrochemical performance of a Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (LNCMO) cathode material, including gains for capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability, by the partial substitution of Li+ ions by Mg2+ ions. Electrochemical performance is evaluated by a galvanostatic charge and discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Compared with the substitution of transition metal (TM) ions with Mg2+ ions reported previously, the substitution of Li+ ions by Mg2+ ions not only drastically ameliorates the capacity retention and rate performance challenges of LNCMO cathodes but also markedly suppresses their voltage fading, due to the inhibition of the migration of TM ions during cycling, while also increasing the capacity of the cathode due to an increased abundance of the Li2MO3 phase.
There is a political drive in the UK to use assistive technologies such as telehealth and telecare as an innovative and efficient approach to healthcare delivery. However, the success of implementation of such services remains dependent on the ability to engage the wider population to adopt these services. It has been widely acknowledged that low acceptance of technology, forms a key barrier to adoption although findings been mixed. Further, it remains unclear what, if any barriers exist between patients and how these compare to those who have declined or withdrawn from using these technologies. This research aims to address this gap focusing on the UK based Cambridgeshire Community Services Assistive Telehealth and Telecare service, an integrated model of telehealth and telecare.
ZnCo2O4 nanorods are first synthesized via hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the structure and shape of the obtained powders. The data indicates that the as-synthesized ZnCo2O4 nanorods range from 150 to 200nm in length and from 15 to 22nm in diameter. It is the first time that two cathode peaks have been simultaneously observed on the initial cyclic voltammogram curve. A synthesis mechanism of nanorods and charge–discharge mechanism have also been supposed. EIS data shows that the ZnCo2O4 nanorods have lower surface layer resistance (∼192Ω), which can improve electrochemical activity. The clearer plateaus are seen at ∼0.5V for the first discharge curve and at ∼0.05V for all the discharge curves, respectively. The initial discharge capacity is 1509mAhg−1. After 50 cycles, the capacity is 767.15mAhg−1. The obtained ZnCo2O4 nanorods show a great prospect for application in the anode materials of lithium ion batteries.
New solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) comprising of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, M v =5×106 gmol−1) have been prepared and characterized, and are comparatively studied with the representative SPEs, Li[N(SO2CF3)2] (LiTFSI)/PEO, at a molar ratio of EO/Li+ =20. Their physicochemical properties have been investigated in terms of phase transition behavior, ionic conductivity, lithium-ion transference number (t Li +), electrochemical stability, and with particular attention to the interfacial behavior between lithium electrode and SPEs. It has been demonstrated that the ionic conductivities of LiFSI/PEO electrolyte are higher than those of LiTFSI/PEO one above 60°C, and exceeds 10−3 S cm−1 at 80°C. The interface resistances of Li symmetric cell (Li metal | polymer electrolytes | Li metal) using LiFSI/PEO electrolyte are much lower than those using LiTFSI/PEO. The Li/LiFePO4 cell using LiFSI/PEO electrolyte exhibits good cycling performance at 80°C. These outstanding properties of the LiFSI/PEO electrolyte make it attractive as SPEs for Li battery.
This paper presents the development of a semi-empirical combined lifetime model for a Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) cathode and a graphite anode based cell, considered as one of the most promising candidates for the automotive industry. The development of this model was based on a thorough understanding of the degradation behavior of a 20-Ah NMC cell, based on the analysis of the results of an extensive test-matrix using 146 cells. This test-matrix was designed around four impact factors: temperature (25–45°C), Depth-of-Discharge (100–20% DoD), middle State-of-Charge (80–20% Mid-SoC) and current rates (C/3 to 2C). Gathering sufficient data for a mathematical model requires a huge time-investment, and the measurements gathered over the course of 2.5years offer a unique insight in the aging behavior of the NMC cells used in this study. Experimental results for cycling aging indicated that the capacity loss was strongly affected by the Depth-of-Discharge and temperature. For calendar aging, an initial increase in capacity was observed when stored at low State-of-Charges, due to electrochemical milling, while the deterioration of the capacity was affected most by high storage State-Of-Charges and storage temperatures. The developed combined lifetime model showed an error of less than 5% RMS compared to the measurement results after a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test (WLTC) was applied for 18months.
Introduction: Transport-related physical activity (TPA) can provide convenient, regular bouts of physical activity, and is consequently a key health priority in many countries. However, the majority of previous research in this area has been restricted to subjective self-report methodologies. The recent development of portable and non-invasive Global Positioning System (GPS) units provides researchers with the opportunity to objectively assess the location of physical activity. This feasibility study combined GPS, geographical information systems (GIS), and accelerometers to map the daily TPA patterns of working adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 40 Auckland University of Technology employees wore omnidirectional accelerometers (Actical; Mini Mitter, Bend, OR) and portable GPS units (Trackstick II; Telespial Systems Inc., Marina Del Rey, CA) for seven consecutive days. Accelerometer and GPS data were integrated into a GIS database to investigate the spatial context in which TPA was performed. Results: Several pragmatic difficulties related to GPS battery limitations, loss of signal, and participant non-compliance were identified during data collection. This was reflected in the relatively poor GPS data quality: the number of useable days ranged from 0 to 5 across the sample (average of 2.1 useable days). Nonetheless, comprehensive information describing the relationship between TPA and the built environment was obtained for the days that were retained for analysis. Conclusion: While this feasibility study highlights the complications that can arise when using GPS to monitor free-living behaviour, we suggest that the potential benefits of an objective assessment of TPA warrant further refinement of GPS as a research instrument.
Radiation-grafted alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AAEM) containing pendent groups with either benzyltrimethylammonium (BTM) or benzylmethylimidazolium (BMI) functionality were successfully synthesised from the same base membrane and with identical ion-exchange capacities. The conductivity of the new BMI-AAEM is comparable to the BTM-benchmark AAEM. The fuel cell performance obtained with the BMI-AAEM was, however, significantly poorer due to in situ AAEM degradation. FT-Raman spectroscopic studies on the stability of the two head-groups at 60 °C in aqueous potassium hydroxide (1 mol dm−3) indicates that the BMI-group is intrinsically less chemically stable in strongly alkaline conditions compared to the BTM-benchmark head-group. However, the stabilities of both head-groups are improved when treated at 60 °C in lower pH aqueous carbonate and bicarbonate solutions (1 mol dm−3). Contrary to a portion of the prior literature, there appears to be no real advantage in using anion-exchange polymer electrolytes containing pendent imidazolium groups in highly alkaline systems.
The majority (~ 55%) of early onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in the presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1). Here, we describe a family with early onset FAD with a missense mutation in the PSEN1 gene (Thr116Asn). Five family members developed dementia in the third decade of life. One subject underwent autopsy. The onset of clinical symptoms was at the age of 37 years and the disease progressed rapidly. The clinical picture was characterised by progressive memory impairment, amnestic aphasia, and gait disturbances. Neuropathological assessment revealed widespread β-amyloid (Thal phase 5) and tau (Braak stage 6) pathology. Abundant deposition of diffuse and cored plaques was distributed in cortical and subcortical areas, as well as in the cerebellum, while cotton wool plaques were observed mainly in the occipital cortex. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was present throughout the brain. In the neocortex, tau pathology, especially neuropil threads, was more abundant in the frontal and occipital cortex and in the hippocampus. Proteomic analyses revealed that the pattern of sarkosyl-insoluble tau was similar to the one seen in sporadic AD. No α-synuclein or TDP-43 pathology was found either in cortical nor in subcortical areas. Here, we present the first comprehensive neuropathological and biochemical study of early onset FAD with a missense mutation Thr116Asn in the presenilin 1 gene. In contrast to other PS1-linked AD patients, the present subject developed cotton wool plaques which were not associated with spastic paraparesis.
To pursuit high electrochemical performance of supercapacitors based on Faradaic charge-transfer with redox reaction or absorption/desorption effect, the intercalation efficiency of electrolyte ions into electrode materials is a crucial prerequisite to surpass the pure surface capacity with extra bulk contribution. Here we report layered barium transition metal fluorides, BaMF4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni) to be a series of new electrode materials applied in standard three-electrode configuration. Benefiting from the efficient immersing of electrolyte ions, these materials own prominent specific capacitance. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that all the BaMF4 electrodes show both capacitive behavior and Faradaic redox reactions in the cyclic voltammograms, and ability of charge storage by charging-discharging cycling with high cycling stability. Particularly, BaCoF4 shows the highest specific capacitance of 360 F g−1 at current density of 0.6 A g−1, even the particle size is far beyond nanometer scale. In addition, first principles calculations reveal the possible underlying mechanisms.