batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The state of health (SOH) estimation is very critical to battery management system to ensure the safety and reliability of EV battery operation. Here, we used a unique hybrid approach to enable complex SOH estimations. The approach hybridizes the Delphi method known for its simplicity and effectiveness in applying weighting factors for complicated decision-making and the grey relational grade analysis (GRGA) for multi-factor optimization. Six critical factors were used in the consideration for SOH estimation: peak power at 30% state-of-charge (SOC), capacity, the voltage drop at 30% SOC with a C/3 pulse, the temperature rises at the end of discharge and charge at 1C; respectively, and the open circuit voltage at the end of charge after 1-h rest. The weighting of these factors for SOH estimation was scored by the ‘experts’ in the Delphi method, indicating the influencing power of each factor on SOH. The parameters for these factors expressing the battery state variations are optimized by GRGA. Eight battery cells were used to illustrate the principle and methodology to estimate the SOH by this hybrid approach, and the results were compared with those based on capacity and power capability. The contrast among different SOH estimations is discussed.
Effects of the sodium acetate (NaCH3COO, denoted as NaAcO) concentration, plating temperature, and oxide loading on the pseudocapacitive characteristics of hydrous ruthenium oxide (denoted as RuO2·xH2O) films anodically plated from aqueous RuCl3·xH2O media were systematically investigated in this work. The electrochemical behavior of RuO2·xH2O with annealing in air at 200°C for 2h is approximately independent of the NaAcO concentration and plating temperature although a negative shift in the onset and peak potentials of deposition with rising the plating temperature is found. The morphologies and adhesion of RuO2·xH2O deposits strongly depend on the deposition rate which is obviously influenced by varying the above two deposition variables. The specific capacitance of RuO2·xH2O is monotonously decreased from 760 to 505Fg−1 when the oxide loading is gradually increased from 0.34 to 1.0mgcm−2, due to the longer pathways of both electrons and protons during the redox transitions. The XRD and Raman spectroscopic analyses reveal the extremely localized crystalline nature of as-deposited RuO2·xH2O. All RuO2·xH2O deposits show the ideal pseudocapacitive characteristics, definitely illustrating the merits of RuO2·xH2O prepared by anodic deposition without considering the advantages of its simplicity, one-step, reliability, low cost, and versatility for electrode preparation.
Composite polymer gelled membranes have been prepared an electrospinning technique. Electrospinning of polymer fibers or electrospraying of particles is typically accomplished by applying a strong electric field (ca. 1–25kVcm−1) to a polymer solution or slurry of solids in an appropriate solvent. The fibers are collected as a mat (membrane) on a grounded target such as Al, Cu, Ni, etc. Typical membranes (mats) consist of nanometer size fibers and have porosities of 65–85%. In the present paper, we describe the fabrication of electrospun membranes for use as gelled electrolytes in Li and Li-ion batteries. The electrospun polymer membranes used in this work are based on the polyimides (PIs) Matrimid and Ultem 1000. Pure PI membranes have been prepared, and blends of Matrimid and Ultem with PVdF-HFP and PAN have been studied in 250mAh and 7Ah Li-ion cells. Fully imidized polyimides such as Matrimid and Ultem 1000 do not form gels, and are used as a host matrix of high mechanical strength to immobilize the gelling constituents PVdF or PAN.
The amphoteric ion exchange membrane basing on cheap polyetheretherketone (PEEK) engineering plastics was prepared by modification reactions and casting method in this investigation. The membrane was characterized by Fourier transformer infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The IEC and sheet resistance of the membrane were also measured. The energy efficiency was tested by an experimental application device. Results show that the sulfonic acid and quaternary ammonium groups are introduced into the molecule chain successfully. The membrane has good thermal stability and IEC as high as 2.58 mol/kg, and the sheet resistance of which is 0.11 Ω/cm2. The energy efficiency of the membrane is 74.87%. The good properties and low price of the product in this investigation imply the large scale potential applications in VRFBs.
By 1985 newly devised behavioural and electrophysiological techniques had been used to track development of infants’ acuity, contrast sensitivity and binocularity, and for clinical evaluation of developing visual function. This review focusses on advances in the development and assessment of infant vision in the following 25years. Infants’ visual cortical function has been studied through selectivity for orientation, directional motion and binocular disparity, and the control of subcortical oculomotor mechanisms in fixation shifts and optokinetic nystagmus, leading to a model of increasing cortical dominance over subcortical pathways. Neonatal face processing remains a challenge for this model. Recent research has focussed on development of integrative processing (hyperacuity, texture segmentation, and sensitivity to global form and motion coherence) in extra-striate visual areas, including signatures of dorsal and ventral stream processing. Asynchronies in development of these two streams may be related to their differential vulnerability in both acquired and genetic disorders. New methods and approaches to clinical disorders are reviewed, in particular the increasing focus on paediatric neurology as well as ophthalmology. Visual measures in early infancy in high-risk children are allowing measures not only of existing deficits in infancy but prediction of later visual and cognitive outcome. Work with early cataract and later recovery from blinding disorders has thrown new light on the plasticity of the visual system and its limitations. The review concludes with a forward look to future opportunities provided by studies of development post infancy, new imaging and eye tracking methods, and sampling infants’ visual ecology.
To build a sustainable society, the governments and industries are replacing fossil fuels for clean energy technologies, which produce electricity intermittently and need efficient energy storage systems. Thus, Na-ion batteries are the most attractive technologies as sodium is the most cost effective, earth-abundant and environment-friendly alternative. However, the design of anodic materials with reversible Na-ion (de)insertion represents one of the principal issues to improve in anodic electrodes. Typical ex-situ microscopy techniques may not correctly reveal the actual phenomena occurring at working conditions in NIB anodes, limiting the fundamental understanding of the anode performance. Therefore, monitoring in real-time the structural and chemical transformation of Na-ion anodes during (dis)charge cycling is a paramount objective. The development of operando methodologies, such as transmission electron, atomic force and light microscopies, has allowed to follow: phase transformation, growth of solid electrolyte interface and sodium dendrites. The progress on operando microscopy techniques indicates a promising route to acquire meaningful information to draw the path to improve the efficiency and sustainability of Na-ion anodes. This review emphasizes the need of operando techniques for NIBs, their state-of-the-art findings, cohesive understanding of various insertion, alloying and conversion reactions, and unanswered questions providing direction to futuristic research.
Lithiated transition metal oxides such as LiNiVO4, Li2MnO3 and Li0.4WO3 used as cathode materials in high density lithium-ion batteries, show intense optical absorption followed by fluorescence in the region of 2–4eV. These optical transitions can tentatively be assigned to either transition metal to oxygen charge transfer type or Jahn-Teller type local distortion. For fluorescing samples (LiNiVO4, Li2MnO3 and Li0.4WO4), photo-induced impedance (Bode plot) data show significant enhancement in impedance under low frequency range (∼10Hz). However, more important cathode materials such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4 do not show either fluorescence or photo-induced impedance enhancement. The presence or absence of an optical transition in the cathode system may give some clues on the tendency for electrochemical fading.
The vertical hydraulic gradient in an unconfined sand aquifer frequently exceeds the horizontal gradient when measured close to a surface discharge boundary, around an abstraction bore or close to a saline interface. The vertical gradient can be efficiently investigated using a multi-channel manometer board connected to a bundled piezometer installed using hollow-stem-auger-drilling techniques. The design and construction of a manometer board is described. Manometer board data from a site in a 30-m-deep fresh-water aquifer adjacent to a pumping bore are described. The bore is screened in the lower part of the aquifer and the impacts of partial penetration are evident on the manometer board results. Data are then described from the centre of a coastal sand spit where fresh water overlies saline water. Fluid electrical conductivity measurements from the individual tubes of the bundled piezometer are used to derive fluid density at each of the bundled piezometer ports. The average fluid density of water above the mini-piezometer port at each depth is then calculated using Gaussian quadrature. The environmental-water head profiles are compared to point-water and fresh-water head profiles and the implications of the incorrect use of point-water or fresh-water head vertical profiles are clearly demonstrated.
Wireless body sensor network (WBSN) has gained significant interests as an important infrastructure for real-time biomedical healthcare systems, while the security of the sensitive health information becomes one of the main challenges. Due to the constraints of limited power, traditional cryptographic key distribution schemes are not suitable for WBSN. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient approach, BodyKey, which can distribute the keys using the electrocardiograph biometrics. BodyKey represents the biometric features as ordered set, and deals with the biometric variations using set reconciliation. In this way, only limited necessary information needs to be communicated for key agreement, and the total energy consumption for key distribution can thus be reduced. Experiments on the PhysioBank Database show that BodyKey can perform an energy consumption rate of 0.01 mJ/bit with an equal accuracy rate of 97.28%, allowing the system to be used as an energy-efficient key distribution scheme for secure communications in WBSN.
Carbonaceous materials derived from non-renewable and non-sustainable graphite and fossil fuels have been widely used in building supercapacitor and battery electrodes but the mining and fabrication processes are often hazardous and contaminative. Therefore, to derive activated carbon from renewable bio-mass materials is environmentally and socially significant. Here a unique and innovative solution is proposed to produce supercapacitors and batteries from banana peels. Banana peel, which is one of the most abundant and accessible bio-wastes, naturally processes hierarchically porous structure, making activated banana peel (ABP) an ideal backbone for loading electroactive nanomaterials. The ABP derived asymmetric supercapacitors exhibited superior rate capacity and cyclic ability, as well as a synergetic enhancement of energy density and power density because the interconnected porous structure stimulated the formation of urchin-like NiCo2O4 particles, prevented the aggregation of NiCo2O4 nanowires, and enhanced the electrolyte accessibility. Orderly arranged nanopores with unique Ni/graphene core/shell nanoparticles were created by annealing the Ni(NO3)2 solution-treated ABP. The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries built by the ABP/Ni/graphene hybrid achieved exceptionally high electrochemical properties in terms of specific capacitance (1260.3mAhg−1 at 0.2C), rate capability, and cycling robustness.
In this work, zinc from the spent Zn–MnO2 batteries is recycled. Ionic zinc is recovered from acidic or alkaline solutions using a galvanostatic technique. An optimum current density between 10.0 and 25.0mAcm−2 was obtained for recovery of ionic zinc from acidic solutions. The optimum current density is equal to 15.0mAcm−2 for zinc electrodeposition from alkaline solution. The charge efficiency is 80.0% and decreases with increase of current density. In acidic solutions, hydrogen adsorption catalyse Zn2+ electrodeposition. In alkaline solutions, a parallel reaction of the hydrogen evolution inhibits zincate electrodeposition.
Processing abilities in aphasia, and the nature of processing breakdowns, were the focuses of this investigation. Individuals with either fluent or nonfluent aphasia, plus a control group, participated in a cross-modal lexical priming task designed to elicit priming effects when activation of inference interpretations occurred. Comprehension of inferences was measured by responses to four types of questions that related to the inferences. Results indicated that both the control group, as well as the nonfluent aphasia group, activated the intended meaning of the stimuli whereas the fluent aphasics did not. Comprehension of the inferences was best demonstrated by control participants, nonfluent aphasic participants, and fluent aphasic participants, in that order.
Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive deficits which persist after acute symptoms have been treated or resolved. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to improve cognition and reduce smoking craving in healthy subjects but has not been as carefully evaluated in a randomized controlled study for these effects in schizophrenia. We conducted a randomized double-blind, sham-controlled study of the effects of 5 sessions of tDCS (2 milliamps for 20minutes) on cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and smoking and cigarette craving in 37 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were current smokers. Thirty subjects provided evaluable data on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), with the primary outcome measure, the MCCB Composite score. Active compared to sham tDCS subjects showed significant improvements after the fifth tDCS session in MCCB Composite score (p=0.008) and on the MCCB Working Memory (p=0.002) and Attention-Vigilance (p=0.027) domain scores, with large effect sizes. MCCB Composite and Working Memory domain scores remained significant at Benjamini–Hochberg corrected significance levels (α=0.05). There were no statistically significant effects on secondary outcome measures of psychiatric symptoms (PANSS scores), hallucinations, cigarette craving, or cigarettes smoked. The positive effects of tDCS on cognitive performance suggest a potential efficacious treatment for cognitive deficits in partially recovered chronic schizophrenia outpatients that should be further investigated.
The hybrid supercapacitor concept involving a battery electrode and a supercapacitor electrode was recently introduced to meet the demand for high energy and power electrochemical energy storage devices. To successfully apply this device, high-capacity and rate electrode materials for Li storage should be developed. Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) has recently attracted considerable attention owing to its reasonable capacity, excellent rate capability, and cycling stability. However, the low electronic conductivity of the material is a major limitation. To address this issue, carbon incorporation is usually performed. Herein, we report Nb2O5 nanoparticle core-amorphous carbon shell materials prepared by hydrothermal reaction and one-step carbon formation with annealing. During the one-step process, it was found that pyrolysis of a carbon precursor could significantly influence the structural evolution of Nb2O5 with increasing temperature. In addition, Nb2O5 is reduced to NbO2 in Ar atmosphere with further increase in temperature. The niobium oxide-carbon core-shell structure was thoroughly examined by using transmission electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that the proposed carbon-coated materials exhibited excellent electrochemical properties in terms of rate and cycle performances.
MoS2/C nanocomposite with a multilayered sandwich structure based on few-layered MoS2 and carbon layers in an alternating sequence, was successfully synthesized through a one-step synchronized carbonization and sulfuration method. The hybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Atomic force microscope, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic methods. The as-obtained MoS2/C nanocomposite applied as lithium-ion batteries anode materials, showed a high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1678.5 and 1386.0mAhg−1, respectively. High specific reversible capacity is maintained at fast C rates, e.g., 1390, 1223, 1017, 566, and 450mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 0.6C, 3C, 10C and 20C, respectively. The good performance of the composite is mainly attributed to the unique few layered composite architectures, which can improve ion/electron transportation and prevent aggregation and restacking during the lithiation/delithiation process.
Cu5Si–Si/C composites with precursor atomic ratio of Si:Cu=1, 2 and 4.5 have been produced by high-energy ball-milling of a mixture of copper–silicon alloy and graphite powder for anode materials of lithium-ion battery. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope measurements show that Cu5Si alloy is formed after the intensive ball milling and alloy particles along with low-crystallite Si are interspersed in graphite uniformly. Cu5Si–Si/C composite electrodes deliver a larger reversible capacity than commercialized graphite and better cyclability than silicon. The increase of copper amount in the composites decreases reversible capacity but improves cycling performance. Cu5Si–Si/C composite with Si:Cu=1 demonstrates an initial reversible capacity of 612mAhg−1 at 0.2mAcm−2 in the voltage range from 0.02 to 1.5V. The capacity retention is respectively 74.5 and 70.0% at the 40th cycle at the current density of 0.2 and 1mAcm−2.
Background: The construct of health anxiety or hypochondriasis is sparsely examined in children. However, it is likely that precursors to the disorder are present during childhood. The Childhood Illness Attitude Scales (CIAS) was recently developed. It is based on the Illness Attitude Scales, which is commonly used for evaluating fears, beliefs and attitudes associated with hypochondriasis and abnormal illness behaviours in adults. Preliminary validation has suggested that the CIAS is a useful measure of health anxiety in school-age children. Objective: To explore the distribution of health anxiety symptoms in a population-based sample of 11–12year-old Danish children. Methods: The CIAS was administered as part of a larger battery of questionnaires in the 11–12year follow-up of the Copenhagen Child Cohort, CC2000. Results: Data was obtained on 1883 children. Preliminary analyses showed an average CIAS total score of 51.93 (SD=7.16) where scores ranged from 33 to 82 out of a possible range of 33–99 (additional item descriptive statistics will be presented). The distribution of scores resembled a normal curve. A high CIAS score (i.e. >90% percentile) was significantly associated with parental-reported health anxiety symptoms at child age 5–7years (p=0.018). Conclusions: Despite the preliminary nature of the data, the findings confirm initial observations that significant health anxiety occurs in childhood and confirm continuity of health anxiety symptoms from early childhood. Further description of characteristics and dimensions of childhood health anxiety could support the development of diagnostic criteria that are appropriate for children and aid in early identification of this disorder.
Soil from industrial and landfill sites affected by anthropogenic activity was screened for implicit negative effects in an Allium test-system in relation to geochemistry. The concentrations of 15 elements were compared to the ecotoxicologically-based soil guideline values. Admitted geoindices were used to classify test-soils according to risk/hazard categories. Test-soils were screened for the possible deleterious effects in common onion (Allium cepa L.) by employing a test battery of cytogenetic bioassays (root growth inhibition, mitotic activity, frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei, and cell death rate) complemented with two assays of molecular DNA markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). Soil from industrial sites was more severely polluted and more cytotoxic for onions compared to soil from landfill sites. However, the cyto/genotoxic outcome of soil exposure in A. cepa was the same for all test-soils; the detrimental effects were observed in onions treated with every test-soil. Thus, test-soils could not be classified as non- and genotoxic, although certain of them had permissible contamination levels. The chromosome aberration frequency and cell death rates were consistent with the intensity of soil contamination, contrary to the micronuclei rate, which was independent of the soil risk/hazard level. Despite a relationship between risk (RI) and total soil contamination (Z) geoindices, both indices correlated with a different Allium cyto/genotoxicity endpoint, although the Z index was preferred over the RI index as being more informative in correlation analysis. Allium bioassays complemented each other by depicting different aspects of exposure to toxic substances, and determination of cyto/genotoxicity in a battery of different bioassays is important in the risk assessment of ecologically dangerous soils, and an application of a test battery is strongly advised.
Multilayered graphene (MLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was examined as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries. Experimental parameters such as deposition time and temperature were examined to produce carbon loadings between 0.06–0.17mgcm−2 and film thicknesses in the 1μm range. The MLG thin films obtained on nickel substrate were used without conductive additive and binding agent in electrochemical tests to produce a capacity of ∼250 mAh.g−1 at the 5C rate. Films were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, grazing angle X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman micro-spectroscopy mapping. By correlating the structural analysis to the electrochemical properties the importance of edge plane accessibility is emphasized. Separately, a pre and a post deposition treatment were used to improve the electrochemical performances, validating the structural performance limitation hypothesis. In particular, the use of argon plasma post treatment yielded major improvement of the electrochemical performance, which was ascribed to enhanced crystallite edge accessibility.