batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper presents a novel lithium-ion cell model, which simulates the current voltage characteristic as a function of state of charge (0%–100%) and temperature (0–30 °C). It predicts the cell voltage at each operating point by calculating the total overvoltage from the individual contributions of (i) the ohmic loss η 0 , (ii) the charge transfer loss of the cathode η CT,C , (iii) the charge transfer loss and the solid electrolyte interface loss of the anode η SEI/CT,A , and (iv) the solid state and electrolyte diffusion loss η Diff,A/C/E . This approach is based on a physically meaningful equivalent circuit model, which is parametrized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and time domain measurements, covering a wide frequency range from MHz to μHz. The model is exemplarily parametrized to a commercial, high-power 350 mAh graphite/LiNiCoAlO2-LiCoO2 pouch cell and validated by continuous discharge and charge curves at varying temperature. For the first time, the physical background of the model allows the operator to draw conclusions about the performance-limiting factor at various operating conditions. Not only can the model help to choose application-optimized cell characteristics, but it can also support the battery management system when taking corrective actions during operation.
Delineation of home ranges, residence and foraging areas, and migration corridors is important for understanding the habitat needs for a given species. Recently, many population segments of Northwest Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were designated as endangered or threatened; the smallest subpopulation is in the Dry Tortugas. Foraging and residence areas for this subpopulation have not been defined outside the Gulf of Mexico. Here, for Dry Tortugas loggerheads that traveled to the Bahamas, we use a combination of switching state-space modeling (SSM) and home-range estimators to determine migration period, spatially delineate and describe residence areas, and examine inter-annual home-range repeatability.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of hydrogen supply schemes on the efficiency of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. Three different hydrogen supply schemes are examined: the flow-through mode, the dead-end mode, and the recirculation mode. The electrochemical performance of the flow-through mode, determined using a commercial test station, is used to provide a benchmark for the design of the fuel cell generators operated in either the dead-end or recirculation modes. Smart control algorithms for the dead-end and recirculation hydrogen delivery modes are proposed to minimize waste from the supplied hydrogen and to avoid performance degradation due to excess water and nitrogen accumulation in the anode channels. The transient variations in flow and electrochemical characteristics of the dead-end and recirculation modes are measured and discussed in detail. Finally, a comparison of the stack and system efficiencies of the dead-end and recirculation modes is performed.
The key to diagnosing movement disorders is establishing the phenomenology of the clinical syndromeThe phenomenology is determined from the specific combination of the dominant movement disorder, the presence of any additional abnormal movements, and any further neurological or non-neurological abnormalitiesA range of conditions, both neurological and non-neurological, can mimic various movement disorders, and it is vital not to miss these lookalikesA systematic approach is recommended when clinicians see patients who present with one or more types of movement disorder
Movement disorders, such as Parkinson disease (PD), tremor, tics and dystonia, are common conditions. The overall prevalence of PD, for example, is 1% in people aged 65–85 years, increasing to 4.3% above the age of 85 years.1 The prevalence of essential tremor—the most common form of tremor—is 4% in people aged over 40 years, increasing to 14% in people over 65 years of age.2,3 The prevalence of tics in school-age children and adolescents can be as high as 21%.4
The clinical presentation of movement disorders is complex, often variable, and sometimes even bizarre. Establishing the correct diagnosis can, therefore, be difficult, even in the hands of experienced movement disorder specialists. However, accurate recognition based on clinical acumen is important for several reasons.
Oral administration of E-5842, a new σ1 receptor ligand being developed as an antipsychotic drug, to male mice at single doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg produced marked and sustained decreases in rectal temperature. Both the intensity and the duration of the hypothermic effect increased with dose. Maximum decreases from the mean pre-administration temperature (36.2°C) ranged from 7.5 to 12.9°C for animals receiving 50 and 400mg/kg doses, respectively. Examination of bone-marrow smears obtained 24, 48 and 72h after administration revealed a slight but statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) at the 48h sampling for animals receiving the 200mg/kg dose. These animals showed decreases from pre-administration temperature of approximately 12°C, with recovery being observed 24h after administration. When the hypothermic effect of E-5842 administration was avoided by housing treated animals under conditions of increased environmental temperature (30°C) for 24h, MNPCE frequency reverted to vehicle control values. Further, in E-5842-treated animals with an increased MNPCE frequency there was a shift in the distribution of the relative areas of micronuclei in MNPCE towards higher values. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase (p <0.001) in the number of relatively large micronuclei (micronucleus diameter≥1/4 cytoplasm diameter) similar to that produced by administration of the mitotic spindle inhibitor colchicine (1mg/kg), suggesting disturbance of mitotic apparatus as the possible underlying mechanism. The results suggest that the slight increase in MNPCE frequency observed 48h after administration of a 200mg/kg dose of E-5842 is due to a hypothermic effect and not to a direct effect of E-5842 on DNA.
Hydriodic acid and self-assembly approach are used to fabricate graphene wrapped sulfur composite. The self-assembly process of the relative “large” graphene sheet and “small” sulfur is quite controllable, and the sulfur particles are completely enfolded by RGO sheets with a unique stacked structure .The RGO/S composite with 80wt.% sulfur shows an initial discharge capacity of 865.1mAhg−1 at 0.5mA/cm2. A high specific capacity of 720mAhg−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 95% is achieved after 50 cycles of charge/discharge. The material also delivered a capacity of more than 580mAhg−1 at 2mA/cm2 and can be recovered to 736mAhg−1 when the rate is returned to 0.2mA/cm2, representing a promising cathode material for high current discharge lithium-sulfur batteries.
To improve the stability of LiVPO4F electrode/electrolyte interface, Li3PO4 is used to modify LiVPO4F composite (P-LVPF) for the first time. Morphological characterization shows that LiVPO4F particles are wrapped by amorphous carbon and lithium ionic conductor Li3PO4 as the interlayer and outer layer, respectively. Compared to the pristine sample, the resultant P-LVPF exhibits greatly improved rate capability and elevated-temperature cycle performance when applied as the cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Specifically, the Li3PO4 modified sample specific capacity maintains 77.6% at 1 C after 100 cycles under 55 °C. Such improvement is attributed to the fact that the Li3PO4 coating layer not only acts as a good ionic conductor for LiVPO4F, but also serves as a physical barrier between electrode and electrolyte which can build a stable interface.
A liquid-phase mixing method is adopted to uniformly disperse the graphene nanosheets onto LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode for high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The electrochemical performance was characterized using a full pouch cells with state-of-the-art electrode areal loading (compared to half coin cells). The addition of graphene sheets (i.e., only 1 wt%) significantly improves the high rate capability for charging and discharging operation. For example, 6 times improvement in 5 C charging was achieved providing further insights in enabling extreme fast charging for LIBs. Other benefits include longer cycleability, lower internal resistance, and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient, demonstrated by charge-discharge cycling tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Higher capacity retention of 88.2% and decreased internal resistance of ∼0.9 Ω are observed after 400 cycles. The diffusion coefficient of Li ions is 6.49 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 when charged to 4.2 V, which is approximately 1.37 times higher compared to the configuration with no graphene sheet (4.74 × 10−8 cm2 s−1). The improved performance is ascribed to a robust network among the active materials formed by graphene sheets, which serves as an extended current conductor and facilitates charge transfer, ionic reversibility, and ionic transportation.
The number of photovoltaic applications has increased slightly over the last 10 years in Greece, with a forecasted 40% increase in the annual rate of sales over the next few years, a target similar to the rest of the EU Member States. This article: (i) presents an analysis of the current situation on the photovoltaic market in Greece and attempts to segment this market; (ii) investigates the existing incentives policy, as well as the crucial barriers for the wide dissemination of the photovoltaic applications, and (iii) records the market actors’ aspects and predictions for the future. Furthermore, in order to supply essential information for business development, the current investment and legislative framework is presented.
To overcome the disproportionation reaction and Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+ in LiMn2O4 cathode materials, we demonstrate a facile route to synthesize hierarchical porous Li4Mn5O12 nano/micro structure, which consists of numerous well-crystallized nanoparticles with diameters of 20–30 nm. The unique structure combines the advantages of both nanostructure and microstructure. When applied as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, it exhibited a very high specific capacity of 161 mAh g−1 (theoretical value: 163 mAh g−1) with intriguing rate performance and cycling stability.
The US Patent and Trademark Office recently issued two broad patents for fundamental fuel cell technology to PolyFuel Inc, a developer of engineered membranes for fuel cells.
Recently, iron, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon-based materials have gained increasing attention for their synergistic effect towards superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance. To gain insight into the contributions of the heteroatoms, we developed a facile and reproducible method for constructing Fe, N, S-codoped carbon frameworks derived from self-assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. The material constructed by the suggested method exhibited excellent ORR activity with more positive half-wave potential (∼ 0.869 V, vs RHE), higher diffusion-limiting current density (∼ 5.88 mA/cm2) and smaller Tafel slope (45 mV/dec) compared with Fe, N-codoped carbon frameworks and Pt/C. Notably, Fe3O4 nanocrystals served as both the building blocks for constructing carbon frameworks and the source of Fe residues leaving in the frameworks at the same time. By artificially tailoring the doping type and level as well as the homogeneousness of heteroatoms, the results discussed herein prove the importance of each kind of heteroatom in boosting ORR activity.
In view of the safety concerns and the requirements of high energy density lithium batteries, the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are being investigated as suitable candidates to substitute organic electrolytes in polymer electrolytes. In this article, we report synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) comprising of a RTIL [n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMITFSI)] and nano-sized ceramic fillers (SiO2, Al2O3 or BaTiO3) hosted in electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VdF-HFP)] membranes. The addition of BMITFSI and ceramic fillers in polymer electrolytes results in high ionic conductivity at room temperature. The cells prepared with BMITFSI and different NCPEs show good interfacial stability and oxidation stability at >5.5V with the highest value of 6.0V for the NCPE incorporating BaTiO3. The cell with the NCPE containing BaTiO3 delivers high initial discharge capacity of 165.8mAhg−1, which corresponds to 97.5% utilization of active material under the test conditions, and showed the least % capacity fade after prolonged cycling.
Understanding the cryptic lives of wide–ranging wild animals such as seals can be challenging, but with the advent of miniaturised telemetry and data–logging devices this is now possible and relatively straightforward. However, because marine animals have streamline bodies to reduce drag in their aquatic habitats, attaching external devices to their back or head may affect swimming performance, prey capture efficiency and ultimately, fitness. Given this, and allied welfare concerns, we assessed the short- and long-term consequences of external devices attached to southern elephant seal juveniles and adults under varying environmental conditions. We also assessed the effects of multiple deployments on individuals. There was no evidence for short-term differences in at-sea mass gain (measured as mass on arrival from a foraging trip) or long-term survival rate. The number of times that a seal carried a tracking device (ranging from 1 to 8 times) did not affect mass or estimated survival. Further, there were no tracking device effects in years of contrasting environmental conditions measured as ENSO anomalies. Consequently, we conclude that the current tracking devices available to researchers are valuable conservation tools that do not adversely affect the performance of a large marine mammal in terms of mass gain or survival probability over short (seasonal) or long (years) temporal scales.
Background Cognitive functions are important prognostic factors for schizophrenia (SZ), while ability to perform activities of daily living are important measures of functional capacity. The relationship between cognition and functional capacity has not been tested extensively in India. Objective To compare persons with SZ with controls on measures of cognition and functional capacity, and evaluate correlations between cognitive performance and functional capacity. Method Schizophrenia outpatients and controls without psychiatric illness (DSM IV) who completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and Functional Assessment Battery comprised of two tests from University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance Based Skill Assessment (UPSA), one Test of Adaptive Behavior in Schizophrenia (TABS) and one test from University of California San Diego Performance Based Skill Assessment Brief edition (UPSA-B). Cognitive and functional domains were examined using regression analyses, with relevant covariates. Results Cases (N=51) though younger, were more educated than controls (N=41). Adjusting for education, controls performed better than cases in 3/7 cognitive and 4/5 domains of functional capacity but similarly in ‘household management’. Among both cases and controls, cognitive measures of verbal learning and speed of processing overlapped with functional capacity (3 domains). Working memory was associated with one functional domain. Conclusions Consistent with other studies, Indian patients with schizophrenia performed worse than controls on several domains of cognition and functional capacity; these domains were correlated. Speed of processing and verbal learning are most frequently associated with functional capacity indices and should be targeted to improve skills of daily living among persons with SZ.
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has been proposed as a peptidergic molecule for behavioral fear and itching. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have shown that GRP and GRP receptor are widely distributed in forebrain areas. Less information is available for the functional action for GRP in the prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here we used whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique to study the modulation of synaptic transmission by GRP in the ACC. We found that GRP increased the frequency of sIPSCs recorded while had no significant effect on sEPSCs in ACC pyramidal neurons. The facilitatory effect of GRP on sIPSCs was blocked by the GRP receptor antagonist, RC3095. In the presence of TTX, however, GRP had no effect on the mIPSCs. Therefore, activation of GRP receptor may facilitate the excitation of the interneurons and enhanced spontaneous GABAergic, but not glutamatergic neurotransmission. Similar results on GRP modulation of GABAergic transmission were observed in the insular cortex and amygdala, suggesting a general possible effect of GRP on cortical inhibitory transmission. Our results suggest that GRP receptor is an important regulator of inhibitory circuits in forebrain areas.
Copper bismuth selenide thin films have been prepared by potentiostatical electrodeposition from an aqueous solution containing CuCl2, Bi(NO3)3 and H2SeO3 followed by post annealing treatment. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) test was used to investigate the electrodeposition mechanism. The suitable deposition potential for film preparation was determined combining with CV, composition and morphology studies. The as-deposited films are amorphous in nature and the amorphous-to-crystalline transition can be obtained by annealing treatment at 450°C. The morphological, compositional, structural, optical and electrical properties of the prepared films were studied via environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and photoelectrochemical tests, respectively. The annealed film with triclinic structure exhibits high absorption coefficient of 0.5–1.2×105 cm−1, an optical band gap of 1.50eV, a p-type conductivity and good photoactivity, indicating potential application in photoelectric conversion.
The concept of frailty is rapidly gaining attention as an independent syndrome with high prevalence in older adults. Thereby, frailty is often related to certain adverse outcomes like mortality or disability. Another adverse outcome discussed is increased health care utilization. However, only few studies examined the impact of frailty on health care utilization and corresponding costs. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate comprehensively the relationship between frailty, health care utilization and costs.
The lead dioxide active mass of positive lead-acid battery plates is a gel-crystal system with proton and electron conductivity of the hydrated gel zones. This paper discusses the influence of Sn2+, Sb3+, Co2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ ions, added to the formation electrolyte, upon the stoichiometry, structure and phase composition of the PbO2 positive active material (PAM) of lead-acid batteries. PAM samples doped with the above metal ions are characterized by: X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and chemical analysis. The obtained results show that different metal ions are incorporated in different quantities in the PbO2 particles. Under the influence of dopants, the stoichiometric coefficient of lead dioxide decreases, i.e. dopants increase the non-stoichiometry of PbO2. The foreign ions in the formation electrolyte exert strong influence on the microstructure of PAM and change the proportion between crystal and hydrated gel zones in the particles.
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based treatment for young children with severe behavior problems. Typically, it is individually administered to families by a therapist and a cotherapist. However, converting PCIT to a group format can be a cost-effective way to reach a larger number of families in need of treatment. In addition, PCIT offers techniques to facilitate parents' skill development and generalization of skills that are not commonly used in group parent training programs. This article has multiple goals: (a) to review the structure of a group PCIT program, (b) to discuss the empirical rationale for use of the program, and (c) to provide a case example that illustrates the rewards and challenges of group PCIT.
The failure mechanism of LiCoO2 electrode at moderately elevated temperature (70 °C) is examined. To this end, a Li/LiCoO2 cell is cycled 10 times within 3.0–4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+) to deposit a surface film on the LiCoO2 electrode, followed by storage at 70 °C for 10 h. The charge/discharge cycling data obtained at 25 °C after the storage reveal that the cell is damaged by the storage. The Coulombic efficiency decreases because the charging capacity is larger than that observed before the storage. The increased charging capacity is due to electrolyte oxidation. The postmortem analyses of the stored electrodes show that the surface film on the LiCoO2 electrode becomes thinner after storage and with a notable compositional change compared to before storage. The increased charging capacity after the storage can be attributed to the extra electrolyte oxidation on the damaged (thinned) LiCoO2 electrode surface. The loss of passivating ability due to surface film damage is responsible for the extra electrolyte oxidation and poorer Coulombic efficiency. Meanwhile, the chemical composition of the damaged film is very similar to that of the surface film stored with added hydrogen fluoride (HF, 400 ppm) in the electrolyte. It is thus suggested that the surface film is damaged by attack of HF generated from LiPF6 during the high-temperature storage. Evidently, a decrease of LiPF6 concentration in the electrolyte mitigates the film damage and the associated electrode degradation.
The promising 2D materials for sodium ion battery always suffer from dramatically sluggish electronic and ionic transport due to the irreversible agglomeration phenomenon. In order to tackle this problem, ethylene glycol is adopted in this work as a soft template in directing the growth of 2D structure based on the chelating ability and hydrogen-bonding chains. Subsequently, ethylene glycol could be in-situ transformed into carbon super electronic networks after the thermal treatment, to dramatically enhance the electrical conductivity and prevent the agglomeration of 2D sheets. Since the highly dispersed nanoflake structures and super electronic network could offer nano-sized effects and ultrashort ion-transport paths, the agglomeration-resistant Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) nanoflake displays exciting rate capabilities (about 71.2 mAh g−1 at 200 C, and 56.2 mAh g−1 at the ultrahigh rate of 300 C) and ultralong lifecycles. Our results suggest the potential application of 2D nano-structured NVP cathodes for transportation and large-scale grid storage.