batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objectives Neuropsychological impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. Adolescents reporting subclinical psychotic symptoms are considered to be at greater risk of developing a psychotic illness later in life than adolescents who do not report such symptoms and, thus, may represent an at-risk group for further study. We wished to investigate neuropsychological functioning in early adolescence in relation to reports of psychotic symptoms. Methods Participants were recruited from local primary schools after a two-stage screening and parental consent process. In brief, 277 adolescents were screened and 37 attended for testing. Seventeen adolescents who were deemed to report ‘definite’ psychotic symptoms after clinical interview and 20 control adolescents underwent a clinical interview and a one-hour neuropsychological battery. Results Adolescents who report psychotic symptoms exhibited significant impairments in receptive language (as measured by the British Picture Vocabulary Scale), motor function (as measured by the Pegboard test) and executive function/speed of processing (as measured by the Trail-Making test). There were no significant differences between the groups on measures of attention, memory or expressive language, abstract reasoning or overall scholastic ability. Conclusions Taken together with the results from birth cohort, genetic high risk and prodromal studies, these findings are consistent with a neural inefficiency/disconnectivity hypothesis in those at risk for psychosis. These results highlight the need to investigate developmental brain circuits subserving language and motor function and processing speed and how these change over time in at-risk adolescents.
Thermal behavior of Li1−x NiO2 ( R 3 ̄ m or C2/m) up to 400°C was studied using thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements and its decomposition mechanism was proposed. Delithiated Li1−x NiO2 was thermally decomposed to LiNi2O4 spinel (Fd3m) at the temperature range of 180–250°C. For x≤0.5, Li1−x NiO2 was decomposed to LiNiO2 and LiNi2O4 and the fraction of the spinel in the decomposed product increased almost linearly with x. For 0.5<x≤0.8, Li1−x NiO2 was converted into LiNi2O4 spinel and this reaction was accompanied by oxygen evolution. Li1−x NiO2 of all compositions turned into a rock-salt phase (Fm3m) with oxygen liberation at temperatures above 270°C. The temperature for the decomposition of Li1−x NiO2 to a spinel or a rock-salt phase decreased with x in Li1−x NiO2. The thermal behavior of Li1−x NiO2 could be interpreted as an overlap of the exothermic rearrangement of cations (nickel and lithium ions) to form a spinel or a rock-salt phase and the endothermic oxygen evolution reaction.
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a crucial mediator in response to inflammation. Myricetin protects cardiomyocytes against inflammatory injury. However, it’s still unexplored whether myricetin exerted anti-inflammatory properties via MALAT1. The purpose of our study was to validate the cardio-protective function of myricetin against myocarditis and its underlying mechanism in vitro.
The purpose of this study is to perform comprehensive evaluation of the snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients for their anatomical, functional, and psychoemotional clinical properties.
This Perspective describes the development and capabilities of SciPy 1.0, an open source scientific computing library for the Python programming language.
Thermal behavior of Li x CoO2 cathode material from cells charged to different voltages has been analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mass loss appearing between 60 and 125°C in TGA and the exothermic peaks with 4.9 and 7.0Jg−1 in DSC around 75 and 85°C for the Li x CoO2 cathodes of 4.20 and 4.35V cells has been explained based on solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film-break down. The SEI film-break down for the highly charged cathode at low temperature region has been attributed to the conversion of lithium fluoride into hydrofluoric acid in concomitant with the reaction, Li2CO3 +2HF→2LiF+CO2 +H2O. Presence of ionic carbonate in the positive electrode has been identified by ion chromatography (IC). The thermal peaks appearing in different temperature regions have been explained based on decomposition reaction of Li x CoO2 cathodes and the SEI film.
A novel method is developed to synthesis TiO2/carbon nanostructured composites (T/CNC) as high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries using resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) as the carbon source. With assistance of hydrofluoric acid (HF) as a shape-controlling agent, TiO2 nanocubes exposed with (001) active facets can be obtained. The T/CNC sample shows higher BET surface area (358 m2 g−1) than the previous materials reported before. When evaluated for lithium storage properties, the T/CNC is able to deliver a capacity of 340.4 mA h g−1 after 90 cycles at 0.59 C, which is superior to those reported in previous work. At a high rate of 15 C, a high reversible discharge capacity of 126.7 mA h g−1 is obtained up to 500 cycles and demonstrates excellent rate performance and long-term cycling stability.
The potential for transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus from infected healthcare workers to patients is an important and difficult issue facing healthcare policymakers internationally. Law and policy on the subject is still in its infancy, and subject to a great degree of uncertainty and controversy. Policymakers have made few recommendations regarding the specifics of practice restriction for health care workers who are hepatitis B seropositive. Generally, they have deferred this work to vaguely defined "expert panels" which will have the power to dictate the conditions under which infected health care workers may continue to practice.
This paper presents an algorithm for economic optimization of a laboratory microgrid. The microgrid incorporates a hybrid storage system composed of a battery bank and a hydrogen storage and it has a connection with the external electrical network and a charging station for electric vehicles. To study the impact of use of renewable energy power systems, the microgrid has a programmable power supply that can emulate the dynamic behavior of a wind turbine and/or a photovoltaic field. The system modeling was carried out using the Energy Hubs methodology. A hierarchical control structure is proposed based on Model Predictive Control and acting in different time scales, where the first level is responsible for maintaining the microgrid stability and the second level has the task of performing the management of electricity purchase and sale to the power grid, maximize the use of renewable energy sources, manage the use of energy storages and perform the charge of the parked vehicles. Practical experiments were performed with different weather conditions of solar irradiation and wind. The results show a reliable operation of the proposed control system.
Greater levels of solar energy storage provide a promising path for sustainable and reliable utilization of the renewable energy source. One of the greatest challenges towards large-scale implementation of this technology is improving storage capacity and efficiency. The conventional solar-storage architecture, where rechargeable batteries and solar cells are externally coupled, typically results in addition of unnecessary efficiency and reliability margins in design, redundancy of resources (i.e. higher cost), and missed opportunities to increase performance through synergistic integration. Here we overcome these challenges by developing an organic-inorganic hybrid photoelectrochemical storage cell (PESC) to capture and store energy at the point of solar energy generation. The PESC was built by integrating a TiO2 photoelectrode and a Quinone-Vanadium redox flow battery (RFB), which gives rise to superior photoelectrochemical reversibility and stability of the PESC. We demonstrated that photoelectron injection from the TiO2 photoelectrode to the catholyte during unbiased photocharging was significantly enhanced by adjusting pH of the supporting electrolyte. The important charge separation at the semiconductor electrolyte interfaces was also analyzed through electrochemical and photoelectrochemical studies.
A novel Si/porous-C composite with buffering voids was prepared by the co-assembly of phenol-formaldehyde resin, SiO2 and Si nanoparticles, followed by a carbonizing process and subsequent removal of SiO2 template. Si nanoparticle was coated with a layer of porous carbon shell with rationally designed void in between which provides the accommodating space for the volume change of Si over cycling. The as-prepared composite electrode exhibited good electrochemical performances as an anode material in lithium-ion cells, showing a stable reversible capacity of 980 mAh g−1 over 80 cycles with small capacity fade of 0.17%/cycle and high rate capability (721mAhg−1 at 2000mAg−1).
This paper introduces a silicon three-dimensional (3D) micro supercapacitor, featured by using self-supporting nano porous composite materials and interdigital electrodes with high-aspect-ratio. A way to prepare self-supporting materials has been developed, and composites that contain an activated carbon as the active component have been studied and designed to meet the requirements for adequate specific capacitance, good conductivity and strong structure. By combining the designed composite with microfabrication techniques, a micro supercapacitor with high-aspect-ratio interdigital electrodes has been achieved. Electrochemical characterization results of the prototype with NaNO3 electrolyte demonstrate that the 3D supercapacitor exhibits an outstanding overall performance. A large capacitance of 90.7mFcm−2 and a fast power of 51.5mWcm−2 are calculated. Robust stability and high charge/discharge efficiency are also observed. Moreover, this study provides a scalable device built by compatible fabrication method, which is applicable to the integration of high-performance supercapacitors on chip.
Emotional processing (EP) from the emotional approach coping measure has been shown to moderate the effect of writing interventions. This study targeted writing interventions to EP level, with low EP participants receiving a best possible self (BPS) script and high EP participants receiving an emotional expression (EMO) script, versus a control (CTL) writing script. A factorial experimental design was used to balance the potential factors gender, spacing of interventions, and whether participants were instructed to keep or give their writing samples to the administrator. Post-test measures were taken 1 month after completion of writing. Sixty-four undergraduates (66 % female) participated. Those with high EP (EP≥3
We chose a multilevel factorial experimental design rather than the much more commonly used random controlled trial (RCT). Collins et al. (2009) indicate that, when many experimental variables (which may interact) are pertinent to the research question, a statistically sound alternative to the RCT is a factorial design. Factorial experimental designs are commonly used in engineering in order to optimize product attributes. At what combination of temperature, speed, and throughput must the machinery run in order to make the largest amount of high quality product? In psychology, this thinking can apply to the idea of “manufacturing” increased well-being or health through the application of psychological interventions.
A lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12)-based electrode which can operate at unusually high current density (300C) was developed as negative electrode for hybrid capacitors. The high-rate Li4Ti5O12 electrode has a unique nano-structure consisting of unusually small nano-crystalline Li4Ti5O12 (ca. 5–20nm) grafted onto carbon nano-fiber anchors (nc-Li4Ti5O12/CNF). This nano-structured nc-Li4Ti5O12/CNF composite are prepared by simple sol–gel method under ultra-centrifugal force (65,000N) followed by instantaneous annealing at 900°C for 3min. A model hybrid capacitor cell consisting of a negative nc-Li4Ti5O12/CNF composite electrode and a positive activated carbon electrode showed high energy density of 40WhL−1 and high power density of 7.5kWL−1 comparable to conventional EDLCs.
In this study, an integrated approach of advanced spectral noise and high-precision temperature logging with production logging tool was used for the understanding of leak detection, fluid cross-flow, flow below spinner threshold, packer failure, fluid channeling in patchy and bad cement bond behind the casing, flow quantification in complex SSD completion, production detection and quantification in recirculation intervals in deviated wells. Various case studies from Southern and Northern Iraqi oil fields have been presented in this paper.
This paper introduces a technology that considerably reduces the time to cure the positive plates of lead–acid batteries. In each of several full-scale trials at automotive and industrial battery manufacturers, the simple replacement of 1wt.% of leady oxide with finely-divided tetrabasic lead sulfate (SureCure™ by Hammond Group Inc.) is shown to accelerate significantly the conversion of tribasic lead sulfate (3BS) to tetrabasic lead sulfate (4BS) in the curing process while improving crystal structure and reproducibility. Shorter curing times result in reduced labour and energy costs, as well as reduced fixed (curing chambers and plant footprint) and working (plate inventory) capital investment.
The suitability of silver sulfide (Ag2S) and its nanocomposite Ag2S/C, prepared by simple solid-state synthetic routes such as high-energy mechanical milling and heat treatment, for use as anode materials in rechargeable Li-ion batteries has been investigated. A well-developed Ag2S phase is identified from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations confirm that Ag2S nanocrystallites in Ag2S/C are uniformly distributed within an amorphous carbon matrix. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of Ag2S with Li is identified by ex situ XRD analyses of an Ag2S/C nanocomposite electrode. The Ag2S/C nanocomposite anode shows good cycling behavior and a high capacity of about 430mAhg−1 after 100cycles.
Instrumentation was developed to study the thermodynamics of lithium intercalation in cokes that were heat-treated at different temperatures. The method measures the open circuit voltages of electrochemical cells as a function of temperature, and obtains the entropy and enthalpy of the lithiation reaction. X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of the carbon materials after heat treatment. The effect of the degree of graphitization on the entropy and enthalpy of lithium intercalation was thereby determined. A model is proposed to correlate the degree of graphitization to entropy profiles. It is shown that graphs of entropy versus open circuit voltage for different states of charge give quantitative information on graphitization, making them useful for the structural characterization of partially-graphitized carbons.
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) during the perinatal period is one of the most common causes of acute mortality and chronic neurologic morbidity. Hydrogen-rich saline (HS) treatment in neonatal mice has been reported to alleviate brain injury following HI, but the mechanisms involved are not known.
Preventing oxidative stress in heat stressed animals may be possible by increasing antioxidant defence via exogenous administration of antioxidant substrate and/or its precursors. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Soursop juice in mitigating oxidative stress induced by heat stress in rabbit.
This overview addresses technical, biological and medicinal aspects of vanadium chemistry with special emphasis directed towards recent developments in industrial areas and (potential) pharmacological applications, along with novel insight into vanadium compounds occurring in, or associated with, living organisms. This includes the model character and potentiality of some of these systems for application domains. Focal points are industrial processes such as oxidation and polymerisation catalysis, vanadium-based batteries, breathing metal-organic frame-works, and quantum information, along with environmental concern. Examples for the latter aspect are the detoxification of exhaust gases, and the (bacterial) detoxification of soils and water. With respect to pharmacological and thus health issues, diabetes and tropical diseases (sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and amoebiasis) are accentuated.
Thick film electrodes consisting of Ru and Ru-coated Si particles were fabricated by a gas-deposition method and their electrochemical properties of anodes for Li rechargeable battery were evaluated. The discharge capacity of the Ru electrode at 1000th cycle is approximately 400mAhg−1. The result showed that the electrode reaction is based on the redox reaction of RuO2 which was formed on the Ru surface during the charge–discharge processes. By coating Si particles with Ru using an electroless deposition technique, we obtained an electrode with remarkable discharge capacity of 570mAhg−1 at 1000th cycle. The reason for the improvement in the electrode performance appears to result from the fact that the Ru electrode exhibits excellent cycleability itself and the Ru coated on Si reduces the stress generated by the immense volumetric changes occurring in the Si particles.
A novel Bi-doped borosilicate glass has been developed as sealant for sodium sulfur battery. The thermophysical characteristics like thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition and softening temperatures, viscosities and densities of the Bi-doped and undoped glasses are systematically studied. It is found that the thermal expansion match between the Bi-doped glasses and alpha-alumina/beta-alumina is satisfactory. The Bi-doped glass has a viscosity around 105 Pas in 800–850°C range, which is suitable to allow a good bonding with the sealed parts. The FTIR analysis indicates that the substitution of Bi2O3 for SiO2 makes the glass network less rigid. Bi2O3 builds the glass network as [BiO6] unit. [BO4] unit enters the glass network and induces the overlapped vibrations of [BO4] unit and [SiO4] tetrahedron. The Bi-doped glass sealant exhibits superior chemical compatibility with alpha-alumina and beta-alumina.
Short-term tests that detect genetic damage have provided information needed for evaluating carcinogenic risks of chemicals to man. The mutagenicity of cis-bis(3-aminoflavone)dichloroplatinum(II) (cis-[Pt(AF)2Cl2]) in comparison with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was evaluated in the standard plate-incorporation assay in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium: TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102, in experiments with and without metabolic activation. It was shown that cis-[Pt(AF)2Cl2] acts directly and is mutagenic for three strains of S. typhimurium: TA97a, TA98 and TA100. In comparison with cis-DDP this compound showed a weaker genotoxicity. Contrary to cis-DDP it has not shown toxic properties in the tester bacteria. The genotoxicity of both tested compounds was evaluated using chromosomal aberration, sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus assays, without and with metabolic activation, in human lymphocytes in vitro. The inhibitory effects of both compounds on mitotic activity, cell proliferation kinetics and nuclear division index were also compared. In all test systems applied, cis-[Pt(AF)2Cl2] was a less effective clastogen and a weaker inducer of both sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in comparison with cis-DDP, with and without metabolic activation. cis-[Pt(AF)2Cl2] has a direct mechanism of action and is less cytostatic and cytotoxic than the other compound. These results provide important data on the genotoxicity of cis-[Pt(AF)2Cl2] and indicate its beneficial properties as a potential anticancer drug, especially in comparison with cis-DDP.
Measurement of the through-plane potential of PEO–lithium triflate electrolyte films has demonstrated that they possess an inherent potential as cast from an acetonitrile solution onto a Teflon substrate. These films have an inherent potential of around 0.2V and the cast films display a discharge behavior similar to a double layer capacitor system with a small discharge capacitance of 80nFcm−2. It is postulated that electrochemical properties of the films can be attributed to different salt concentration at the two surfaces. This difference in concentration may result from a matching of the surface-free energy of the Teflon substrate side of the film and the side of the film where evaporation occurs with the lithium triflate species in the polymer. Different spherulite morphologies were also observed for each surface. These morphologies can be assigned to spherulites having much different ion concentrations. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface concentrations of free ions, ion pairs and ion multiples of both surfaces of the films. AC impedance spectroscopy of the surfaces of the film was also conducted. These data indicated that there is a difference in the surface concentration of each side. The ability of electrolyte films to exhibit a potential as fabricated may have potential applications as an easily manufactured power source for micro and nanodevices.
Satellite cartography of atmospheric methane concentrations during 2003–2004 is applied to a systematic top-down methodology to quantify large scale sources and sinks of this important greenhouse gas. Patterns of methane anomalies over South America below latitude 22 S and an assessment of the emissions from the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina are reported. The latter contains the main cattle livestock of the country together with a variety of surface conditions, both natural and man-modified, influencing methane emissions. It was found that anomalies in methane concentrations may be correlated to emission rates by a simple box accumulation-sweeping model validated by recurrent weather conditions. The model shows that the methane emission rates of the Buenos Aires Province are positively correlated with the cattle livestock corresponding to values of (190 ± 40) g d−1 per cattle head.
In an aircraft, Electrical Energy Storage Systems (EESS) are used as support to other sources in few mission phases in order to ensure the energy availability. They are also used as electrical smoothing devices in order to guarantee the required levels of reliability, stability and quality for an embedded electrical network. This paper deals with the association of two EESS: supercapacitors and secondary battery, which exhibit complementary properties. In this paper, a sizing method for both EESS is developed by taking into account their hybridization and their characteristics (such as capacity or depth-of-discharge) so as to minimize the global storage system weight. Moreover, an energy management based on a frequency approach is implemented to dispatch the power between all the sources. The influence of this management on the sizing is studied. Indeed the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is used as a setting parameter of the sizing algorithm. Finally, the sizing validity is assessed and discussed according to temperature constraints. Although battery performances are reduced at low temperature, the sizing determined with the algorithm at 20 °C is still valid on all the temperature range thanks to an adaptation of the energy management parameter.