batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Predicting the properties of batteries, such as their state of charge and remaining lifetime, is crucial for improving battery manufacturing, usage and optimisation for energy storage. The authors discuss how machine learning methods and high-throughput experimentation provide a data-driven approach to this problem, and highlight challenges in building models which provide fast and accurate battery state predictions.
The amorphous hydrous manganese oxide (denoted as a-MnO x ·nH2O) was anodically deposited from the MnSO4 solutions of various pH values. The capacitive characteristics and stability of this oxide without and with annealing in air for 2 h up to 400°C were systematically investigated in aqueous electrolytes through means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the constant-current charge–discharge method. The redox properties of a-MnO x ·nH2O were strongly affected by the electrolytes employed and this oxide exhibited ideally capacitive behavior in 0.1 M Na2SO4 and 0.3 M KCl. The stability of this amorphous hydrous oxide was enhanced by the annealing treatment while its capacitance was gradually decreased with increasing the annealing temperature. The amorphous structure and surface morphologies of a-MnO x ·nH2O with annealing at different temperatures were, respectively, examined in terms of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs. The oxidation states of these a-MnO x ·nH2O deposits were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly popular for electric vehicle and grid storage applications, but degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood and are difficult to characterize accurately. Here a new method for in situ monitoring of internal degradation in LIBs using an electrochemical model (EM) is introduced. The main contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: (1) An EM is developed based on a single particle model, the parameters of which are reorganized from the original physical property parameters for convenience of identification, with each new parameter assigned a specific physical meaning. (2) Identification methods for all parameters are determined through activation-and-response analysis, and a combined load profile for parameter identification is developed. (3) Cyclic aging experiments are carried out and the aforementioned model and parameter identification methods are applied at appropriate intervals. The predicted trends of 7 (internal resistance included) of the 10 model parameters show strong correlations with the experimentally observed degradation.
In this paper it is analyzed the behavior of a battery/Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) hybrid Energy Storage Systems that can be used in a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources (RESs)/Hybrid Power System under an unknown load profile and variable RES power, which uses the Fuel Cell System as Auxiliary Energy Source. In general, the load demand profile includes large and sharp pulses, especially requested for space and military equipment, communication, and high-tech applications. The sizing and control of the battery/SMES Hybrid Power System under pulsed load are validated by simulations. The variability of the load demand and RES power is mitigated by using the Load-Following control for Auxiliary Energy Source of the RES Hybrid Power System. Thus, if the load power is higher than the RES power, then the battery will operate in charge-sustaining mode due to using the Load-Following control for Auxiliary Energy Source. Otherwise, the battery will operate in charge-increasing mode if the Hybrid Power System does not use an electrolyzer to be supplied with this excess of power. So, a reduced capacity is needed for battery operating in charge-sustaining mode due to use of the Load-Following control. However, the load pulses with large and sharp profile must be mitigated by the appropriate control of the SMES in order to protect the Fuel Cell system. So, the capacity of the SMES to generate (or to absorb) such pulses is analyzed in this paper. The simulation results illustrate the capacity of the SMES to generate different shapes of pulses. Thus, an effective mitigation of the load pulses is proposed here by controlling the SMES converter. Also, the design of the battery/SMES Hybrid Power System under dynamic load is presented.
In apparent contradiction to the notion of cognitive impairment as a core feature of schizophrenia, some studies have described a subgroup of patients neuropsychologically within normal limits. It remains to be determined whether this subgroup has intact cognitive functioning or a higher premorbid functioning that attenuates the evidence of deterioration. Out of a total of 111 patients with FES or schizophreniform disorder, 25 (23%) were classified as cognitive normal (CN) according to criteria based on performance in six basic cognitive dimensions and an overall composite score, and their cognitive profile was compared with that of 28 controls. The CN subgroup had better social premorbid adjustment and had a higher premorbid IQ than the cognitive impaired subgroup. There were no differences in the other pretreatment variables examined. The CN subgroup performed similarly to controls in the cognitive dimensions, including sustained attention, verbal memory and executive functions. These profiles remained mostly unaltered after controlling for premorbid IQ. The cognitive deterioration index, calculated by ratio of performance in general knowledge and vocabulary abilities to a measure of processing speed , showed that both patient subgroups had similar levels of deterioration and that this was significantly different to that of controls. Although FES patients performed within normal limits and better than cognitive impaired patients in a processing speed task, they did nevertheless display a pattern of deterioration in processing speed (in relation to their premorbid IQ) equivalent to that of those with marked impairments.
The last decades of life have been traditionally viewed as a time of inevitable disease and frailty. Sedentary living and physical activity may influence capacity to perform activities that are needed to maintain physical independence in daily living. A total of 117 males and 195 females, aged 65–103years, were assessed for physical activity and sedentary time with accelerometers and for functional fitness with the Senior Fitness Test battery. Based on the individual scores for each fitness item, a Z-score was created. Associations between functional fitness with sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were analyzed. A negative association was found between the composite Z-score for functional fitness and the sedentary time, even adjusting for MVPA and other confounders. On the other hand, MVPA was positively associated with the composite Z-score for functional fitness, independently of the sedentary time. In conclusion elderly who spend more time in physical activity or less time in sedentary behaviors exhibit improved functional fitness and other confounders. The results reinforce the importance of promoting both the reduction of sedentary behaviors and the increase of MVPA in this age group, as it may interfere at older ages in order to preserve functional fitness and performance of daily functioning tasks.
Mg-ion diffusion in cathodes and dissociation in electrolyte complexes are sluggish processes that hinder the development of Mg batteries. Now, a new design of both the cathode and the electrolyte drastically improves the kinetics of these processes, leading to a high-power Mg battery.
Ni3Sn2 and several Co–Sn alloys prepared by electrodeposition in molten LiCl–KCl were studied as anode materials in rechargeable Li-ion battery. In the case of Ni3Sn2, the charge–discharge curves do not exhibit any plateau in contrast with Co–Sn alloys. For Ni3Sn2, the reversible capacity and the coulombic efficiency tend to constant values of about 225mAh/g and 85%, respectively, after subsequent cycles. Among the studied Co–Sn alloys, the best electrochemical performances was observed when CoSn2 was used as anode material: the reversible capacity and the coulombic efficiency observed after 60 cycles were about 530mAh/g and 96%, respectively. Whatever the alloys, SEM investigations performed before and after cycling do not reveal any significant difference between the original material and the cycled material, indicating a good stability of the electrodeposited films upon cycling.
This chapter assesses the antitrust fines and private penalties imposed on the participants of 260 international cartels discovered during 1990–2003, using four indicators of enforcement effectiveness: investigatory speed and confidentiality and two indexes of the harshness of monetary sanctions. First, the United States is almost always the first to investigate and sanction international cartels, and its investigations are about seven times faster than EU probes. Second, U.S. investigations were more likely to be kept confidential than those in Europe, but the gap nearly disappeared since 2000. Third, median government antitrust fines average less than 10% of affected commerce, but the median ratio rises to about 35% in the case of multi-continental conspiracies. Civil settlements in jurisdictions where they are permitted are typically 6 to 12%. Fourth, fines on cartels that operated in Europe averaged a bit more than half of their estimated overcharges; those prosecuted only in North America paid civil and criminal sanctions of roughly single damages; and global cartels prosecuted in both jurisdictions typically paid less than single damages.
This study aims to evaluate existing hydropower reservoirs for the development of pumped-storage schemes by using multi-criteria scoring technique. This method enables a screening of existing hydropower reservoirs, in order to assess and rank potential sites for pumped-storage development. This analysis is based on the documented evidence, measured data, and site surveys. The site assessments are categorized in 6 criteria namely geometrical conditions (maximum head, head to water way length ratio, distance to grid connection), geological conditions, environmental, and social conditions. In the context of the study, 7 existing hydropower reservoirs in Turkey, each with a catchment area of more than 50km2, are evaluated in order to be utilized as the lower reservoirs of pumped-storage facilities. The overall score of each candidate site is obtained and, their performance is compared. The results indicate that Turkey have suitable existing hydropower reservoirs for the development of pumped-storage facilities. However, the country lacks from legal and market framework for the establishment of pumped-storage power plants.
This paper presents an improved impedance-based non-linear simulation model for lead–acid batteries. The parameterization of impedance-based models is difficult for operation profiles with high Ah throughput in short times. Such conditions result in non-steady-state conditions and do not allow precise measurements of impedance parameters. Therefore, the model has been extended by an electrolyte transport model which describes the generation and the transport of sulfuric acid inside the porous electrodes. This expands the model validity as higher Ah throughputs can be simulated now. A description of the Matlab/Simulink implementation and its parameterization in the time domain is given. Furthermore, the advantages and the limits of the improved model are discussed. The model allows for precise modeling of automotive batteries, both in conventional applications and in vehicles with electrically assisted propulsion. It is therefore an important tool for the design of automotive power nets.
This study explored the development of children’s early understanding of visual and orthographic aspects of print and how this is related to early reading acquisition. A total of 474 children, ages 48 to 83 months, completed standardized measures of phonological awareness and early reading skills. They also completed experimental tasks that tapped their understanding of what constitutes “readable” print. The parents of participants completed a questionnaire regarding their children’s home literacy experiences. The data showed systematic development in children’s understanding of print conventions and English orthography and spelling. Regression analyses indicated that print knowledge was related to early reading skill, even after accounting for variance due to age and phonological awareness. Furthermore, parents’ ratings of the extent of their children’s involvement in activities that led to practice in reading and writing most consistently predicted the development of emerging literacy skills, including understanding of the conventions of the English writing system. Little relation between print knowledge and the frequency of storybook reading by adults was observed.
A new voltage step at 4.8 V can be activated in manganese based cobalt free phospho olivines by activating the utilisation of the Mn3+/4+ redox pair applying Mg2+ as a Li+-storage agent. CCCV cycling reveals a significant excess in discharge capacity of Mn–Mg co-containing samples related to the theoretical single electron step of Mn2+/3+ and the occurrence of a new potential step at 4.8 V. These phenomena are not observed in Mg- or Mn-free samples even after charging them up to 5.3 V vs. Li/Li+. Similar observations are made for Ni–Mn containing samples. Mg–Mn containing cathode materials can be a first step towards cobalt free high voltage phosphates for Lithium Ion batteries.
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and animal telemetry have become important tools for understanding the relationships between aquatic organisms and their environment, but more information is needed to guide the development and use of AUVs as effective animal tracking platforms. A forward-facing acoustic telemetry receiver (VR2Tx 69 kHz; VEMCO, Bedford, Nova Scotia) attached to a novel AUV (gliding robotic fish) was tested in a freshwater lake to (1) compare its detection efficiency (i.e., the probability of detecting an acoustic signal emitted by a tag) of acoustic tags (VEMCO model V8-4H 69 kHz) to stationary receivers and (2) determine if detection efficiency was related to distance between tag and receiver, direction of movement (toward or away from transmitter), depth, or pitch.
Key to the mass adoption of electric vehicles is the establishment of a sufficient battery service infrastructure network on the basis of customer behavior and psychology. Motivated by EV service infrastructure network design under the battery leasing/electric car sharing service business models, we present an electric vehicle battery service network design problem considering a customers satisfaction related to “range anxiety” and “loss anxiety”. The problem is formulated as a linear integer programming model under deterministic and fuzzy scenarios. A Tabu Search heuristic combined with GRASP is proposed to efficiently solve the problem. Finally, we conduct parametric analysis on real-world road networks.
Several lignin based expanders underwent various physical and chemical tests. The results were compared with life time measurements for batteries with the same expanders. The aim was to gain understanding of the interactions between the expanders and the other components in the lead acid battery, and also, if possible, to find a quick and reliable screening test for the life time of batteries. The low pH of the sulphuric acid electrolyte will give both hydrolysis of the lignins and condensation. Hydrolysis seems to be detrimental to the performance. The lignosulphonate expanders seem to promote a dissolution–precipitation mechanism for lead sulphate formation.
A cell employing a graphite cathode and a molybdenum (VI) oxide (MoO3) anode is investigated as a possible energy storage device. Graphite cathode allows raising the voltage well above the cathode materials of LIBs without causing safety issues. The bottom potential of this anode is 2.0V vs. Li/Li+, which is well above the lithium plating potential. Pulse polarization experiment reveals that no lithium deposition occurs, which further enhances the safety of the graphite/MoO3 full cell. Charge/discharge mechanism of this system results from intercalation and de-intercalation of the PF6 − in the cathode (KS-6) and Li+ in the anode (MoO3). This mechanism is supported by in situ X-ray diffraction data of the graphite/MoO3 cell recorded at various states of charge.
Development in multi-material freeform 3D fabrication processes can provide the possibility of building complete functional electronic devices. This paper describes a design and manufacturing process for electrochemical supercapacitors. A combination of two 3D printing systems, i.e. a Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer and a paste extruder, were applied to fabricate these energy storage devices. During the manufacturing process of supercapacitor components, the FDM 3D printer was used to print the packaging frames, the conductive layers, and the electrodes layers; and the separator with electrolyte were deposited using the paste extruder. Several complete energy storage supercapacitors have been made and their electrochemical performances were assessed. The 3D manufacturing process developed was also evaluated in this study.
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are traditionally carried out with noble metals (such as Pt) as catalysts, respectively. Herein, Co-N-doped MoO2 nanowires catalysts were synthesized by employing MoO2 nanowires as templates and conductive substrates. The effect of nanowire structure and non-metal/metal doping on ORR and HER performance were scientific discussed. The most active Co-N-MoO2 (Co-N-doped MoO2) exhibited high ORR catalytic activity (an onset potential of +0.87V vs. RHE, n values of 3.56 and 3.68, excellent electrochemical stability) and outstanding HER performance with a low overpotential (69mV vs. RHE), high electrochemical area and robust stability in 0.1M KOH, which are associated with the defined nanowires structure, and homogeneous doping of Co/N into MoO2 with numerous active sites.
Attention, memory, executive function, language, and visual-motor skills were evaluated in a sample of 621 children, 6 to 11 years old, to assess the discriminant validity of neuropsychologic testing. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases (249) and controls (372) were identified and tested. Analysis of covariance, nonparametric comparison tests, effect sizes, discriminant function, factor analyses, and receiver-operator characteristics curve analyses were used to establish the best diagnostic cutoff points for each variable. Statistically significant differences were found on cognitive effort, auditory skills, continuous performance test, working memory, visual-motor skills, verbal comprehension, and executive function measures (P < 0.05); however, the effect of group sizes was low to modest (0.24 to 0.54). Receiver-operator characteristics curve analysis showed modest sensitivity and low specificity, demonstrating that an important proportion of the variance in test scores was overlapping. Factor analysis of neuropsychologic testing results revealed a structure of six factors each for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, control, and combined samples. The latent variables produced one discriminant function with a total correct classification accuracy of 61.9%. Neuropsychologic tests should be used as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic tools with caution, but they hold promise for identifying core cognitive deficits and processes that can aid prevention and intervention.
This study investigates encyclopaedic numerical knowledge in a patient with a presumed left temporal dysfunction, associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Encyclopaedic numbers are those used as nominal labels (such as in ‘British Broadcasting Corporation – BBC 1’ or ‘Levis 501’) to express familiar or historical dates (e.g., our birthday or the French revolution, 1789) and to indicate other general or autobiographical numerical information (e.g., Personal Identification numbers – PINs, post-codes, telephone numbers). We showed a dissociation between impaired processing of encyclopaedic numbers and preserved processing of non-encyclopaedic numbers (e.g., the larger between 54 and 65 or the result of ‘6×9’). This dissociation complements the existing data showing the reverse pattern of performance, namely an advantage for encyclopaedic compared to non-encyclopaedic numbers. These data add important information on an aspect of numerical processing that has not yet been systematically explored and reinforce the distinction between numerical and non-numerical knowledge in the semantic system.
Allen [Allen, M. D. (2005). The preservation of verb subcategory knowledge in a spoken language comprehension deficit. Brain and Language, 95, 255–264] presents evidence from a single patient, WBN, to motivate a theory of lexical processing and representation in which syntactic information may be encoded and retrieved independently of semantic information. In his critique, Kemmerer argues that because Allen depended entirely on preposition-based verb subcategory violations to test WBN’s knowledge of correct argument structure, his results, at best, address a “strawman” theory. This argument rests on the assumption that preposition subcategory options are superficial syntactic phenomena which are not represented by argument structure proper. We demonstrate that preposition subcategory is in fact treated as semantically determined argument structure in the theories that Allen evaluated, and thus far from irrelevant. In further discussion of grammatically relevant versus irrelevant semantic features, Kemmerer offers a review of his own studies. However, due to an important design shortcoming in these experiments, we remain unconvinced. Reemphasizing the fact the Allen (2005) never claimed to rule out all semantic contributions to syntax, we propose an improvement in Kemmerer’s approach that might provide more satisfactory evidence on the distinction between the kinds of relevant versus irrelevant features his studies have addressed.
CoO-Co nanocomposite films were successfully deposited at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited enhanced performance, such as excellent cycling stability (830mAhg−1 at a specific current of 500mAg−1 after 200 cycles) and high rate capability (578mAhg−1 at 10,000mAg−1). The outstanding electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the nanocrystalline structure of CoO and the presence of Co nanoparticles, which could sustain high strain, enhance reaction kinetics and improve conductivity.
High surface area carbon supported bimetallic Pt–Fe catalysts have been investigated for the oxygen electro-reduction process in low temperature direct methanol fuel cells (30–60°C). The electrocatalysts have been prepared by using a combination of colloidal and incipient wetness methods allowing of synthesis carbon supported bimetallic nanoparticles with a particle size of about 2–3nm. These materials were studied in terms of structure, morphology and composition using XRD, XRF and TEM techniques. Oxygen reduction properties of these bimetallic catalysts were investigated in single cell DMFC polarizations. The electrochemical data were compared with those obtained in the presence of a Pt/C catalyst prepared by the same procedure and characterised by the same concentration of active phase on the carbon support and a similar particle size. An improvement of the DMFC single cell performance was observed in the activation controlled region in the presence of the bimetallic catalysts. Moreover, the influence of the ionomer loading on the performance of the DMFC was investigated. The highest power density was recorded with electrodes containing 25% Nafion loading (87mWcm−2).