batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The penetration of the electric vehicle (EV) has increased rapidly in recent years mainly as a consequence of advances in transport technology and power electronics and in response to global pressure to reduce carbon emissions and limit fossil fuel consumption. It is widely acknowledged that inappropriate provision and dispatch of EV charging can lead to negative impacts on power system infrastructure. This paper considers EV requirements and proposes a module which uses owner participation, through mobile phone apps and on-board diagnostics II (OBD-II), for scheduled vehicle charging. A multi-EV reference and single-EV real-time response (MRS2R) online algorithm is proposed to calculate the maximum and minimum adjustable limits of necessary capacity, which forms part of decision-making support in power system dispatch. The proposed EV dispatch module is evaluated in a case study and the influence of the mobile app, EV dispatch trending and commercial impact is explored.
Non-doped and aluminum-doped LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes from three industrial developers coupled with graphite anodes were made into lithium-ion cells for high-power applications. The powder morphology of the active cathode materials was examined by a scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performance of these cells was investigated by hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) testing, accelerated aging, and AC impedance measurement of symmetric cells. Although all of the fresh cells are found to meet and exceed the power requirements set by PNGV, the power capability of those cells with non-doped LiNi 0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes fades rapidly due to the rise of the cell impedance. Al-doping is found very effective to suppress the cell impedance rise by stabilizing the charge-transfer impedance on the cathode side. The stabilization mechanism may be related to the low average oxidation state of nickel ions in the cathode. The powder morphology also plays a secondary role in determining the impedance stabilization.
A well-designed hierarchical architecture NiS@SiO2/graphene is prepared through electrostatic self-assembly between (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-modified NiS and graphene in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The obtained composite possesses a unique structure with SiO2 ultrasmall nanoparticles (3–5nm) derived from the pyrolysis of APTES homogeneously anchored on the surface of NiS nanoparticles (100nm), forming NiS@SiO2 core-shell hybrid particles, which are well enveloped in graphene sheets. The SiO2 nanoparticles act as pillars to form open space between graphene sheets and NiS particles, which can buffer the volume change and afford easy electrolyte-wetting and fast lithium ion transport channels. The graphene sheets can not only significantly enhance the overall electrical conductivity of the NiS@SiO2/graphene electrode, but also serve as a blanket to wrap NiS particle and so as to avert its exfoliation from electrode due to large volume change during cycling. The prepared NiS@SiO2/graphene nanocomposite exhibits high reversible capacity (∼750mAhg−1 for 100 cycles), remarkable cycling stability and impressive rate capability.
Social change is slow and difficult. Social change for animals is formidably slow and difficult. Advocates and scholars alike have long tried to change attitudes and convince the public that eating animals is wrong. The topic of norms and social change for animals has been neglected, which explains in part the relative failure of the animal protection movement to secure robust support reflected in social and legal norms. Moreover, animal ethics has suffered from a disproportionate focus on individual attitudes and behavior at the expense of collective behavior, social change, and empirical psychology. If what we want to change is behavior on a large scale, norms are important tools. This article reviews an account of social norms that provides insights into the possibility and limitations of social change for animals, approaching animal protection as a problem of reverse social engineering. It highlights avenues for future work from this neglected perspective.
It is imperative to determine accurately battery discharge characteristics at various battery operating temperatures, which vary significantly over the vehicle lifetime and which strongly impact the performance, driving range and durability of batteries used in electric vehicles. In this study, an experimental facility has been developed to measure the battery discharge characteristics accurately through precise control of operating temperatures utilizing a water–ethylene glycol solution in a constant temperature thermal bath. The results show a maximum variation of 0.3 °C temporally and 0.4 °C spatially in battery temperature throughout the discharge tests at a 3C discharge rate, in contrast to 13.1 °C temperature change temporally and 4.3 °C spatially when using the conventional air convection temperature control method under the same test conditions. The new method of battery temperature control developed in this study yields more accurate battery discharge characterization due to both the elimination of state-of-charge drift caused by spatial variations in battery temperature, and inaccurate discharge characteristics due to battery heat up at various discharge and ambient conditions.
The structural response to electrochemical cycling of the components within a commercial Li-ion battery (LiCoO2 cathode, graphite anode) is shown through in situ neutron diffraction. Lithuim insertion and extraction is observed in both the cathode and anode. In particular, reversible Li incorporation into both layered and spinel-type LiCoO2 phases that comprise the cathode is shown and each of these components features several phase transitions attributed to Li content and correlated with the state-of-charge of the battery. At the anode, a constant cell voltage correlates with a stable lithiated graphite phase. Transformation to de-lithiated graphite at the discharged state is characterised by a sharp decrease in both structural cell parameters and cell voltage. In the charged state, a two-phase region exists and is composed of the lithiated graphite phase and about 64% LiC6. It is postulated that trapping Li in the solid|electrolyte interface layer results in minimal structural changes to the lithiated graphite anode across the constant cell voltage regions of the electrochemical cycle.
Preterm birth is a leading cause for impaired neurocognitive development with an increased risk for persistent cognitive deficits in adulthood. In newborns, preterm birth is associated with interrelated white matter (WM) alterations and deep gray matter (GM) loss; however, little is known about the persistence and relevance of these subcortical brain changes. We tested the hypothesis that the pattern of correspondent subcortical WM and GM changes is present in preterm-born adults and has a brain-injury-like nature, i.e., it predicts lowered general cognitive performance. Eighty-five preterm-born and 69 matched term-born adults were assessed by diffusion- and T1-weighted MRI and cognitive testing. Main outcome measures were fractional anisotropy of water diffusion for WM property, GM volume for GM property, and full-scale IQ for cognitive performance. In preterm-born adults, reduced fractional anisotropy was widely distributed ranging from cerebellum to brainstem to hemispheres. GM volume was reduced in the thalamus, striatum, temporal cortices, and increased in the cingulate cortices. Fractional anisotropy reductions were specifically associated with GM loss in thalamus and striatum, with correlation patterns for both regions extensively overlapping in the WM of brainstem and hemispheres. For overlap regions, fractional anisotropy was positively related with both gestational age and full-scale IQ. Results provide evidence for extensive, interrelated, and adverse WM and GM subcortical changes in preterm-born adults. Data suggest persistent brain-injury-like changes of subcortical–cortical connectivity after preterm delivery.
Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems are more reliable than one-energy source systems. However, their design is crucial. For this reason, a new methodology with the aim to design an autonomous hybrid PV-wind-battery system is proposed here. Based on a triple multi-objective optimization (MOP), this methodology combines life cycle cost (LCC), embodied energy (EE) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP). For a location, meteorological and load data have been collected and assessed. Then, components of the system and optimization objectives have been modelled. Finally, an optimal configuration has been carried out using a dynamic model and applying a controlled elitist genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization. This methodology has been applied successfully for the sizing of a PV-wind-battery system to supply at least 95% of yearly total electric demand of a residential house. Results indicate that such a method, through its multitude Pareto front solutions, will help designers to take into consideration both economic and environmental aspects.
ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the molecular detection and identification of Rickettsia species in 83 ticks collected in Sardinia, Italy. Fifteen ticks were PCR-positive using gltA-specific and ompA-specific primers, leading to the identification of Rickettsia aeschlimannii in Hyalomma marginatum marginatum, R. massiliae in Rhipicephalus turanicus and in Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and a new rickettsia, previously referred to as PoTiRb169 in Portugal, in four Rhipicephalus turanicus. This new species was further characterized by amplification and sequencing of three additional genes (ompB, sca4 and rrs). Using the current criteria to name a rickettsia, this uncultivated rickettsia can be given a Candidatus status, and we propose to call it 'Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae'. The detection of three tick-borne rickettsiae in Sardinia raises the possibility that many cases of spotted fever considered by clinicians and health authorities as Mediterranean spotted fever due to R. conorii could, in fact, be due to other rickettsiae, including those found in this study. Analysing skin biopsies of inoculation eschars in patients with spotted fever would be, together with continuing entomological surveys, the best way to increase our knowledge of tick-borne rickettsioses in Sardinia and more generally in the Mediterranean basin.
Olivine lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4) becomes research focus because of its high energy density and improved thermal stability. However, its application in lithium ion batteries suffers severely from poor electrochemical activity due to low conductivity and structural instability upon the charge and discharge process. By applying a high-energy ball-milling method we succeed in improving the capacity delivery and rate capability. LiMnPO4 materials ball-milled without or with acetylene black are able to deliver a high capacity of 135 and 127mAhg−1, respectively, more than 50% greater than the pristine one. Particularly, the latter also shows an improved discharge plateau and stable cyclability. High-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, laser particle analysis, and galvanostatic charge and discharge are employed to understand the effect of ball-milling on the LiMnPO4 material.
The exploitation of coal is an important resource to generate energy worldwide. However, during the processes of coal extraction, transport, and cargo, dust particles are released into the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of bituminous coal dust (<38 µm), obtained from a sample collected in a coal mine in Colombia, on the annelid Eisenia fetida. The earthworm culture was standardized under laboratory conditions to evaluate mortality, as well as morphological, physiological and histological changes using concentrations varying from 1 to 4% w/w coal dust in artificial soil, after 7, 14, and 28 days of exposure. In addition, an avoidance assay was carried out after 48-h treatment. Histopathological analysis was performed at the end of the experiment. After the sub-chronic exposure, an increase in mortality was observed at the highest coal dust concentration compared to the untreated group. Alterations in morphology and physiology of the exposed annelids were mostly evidenced at the greatest tested concentrations (3–4%) and exposure times (≥14 days). Changes included loss of weight and color, abundant mucus production, constriction, peeling of the epidermis, clitellum involution, violent movements and lethargy. Avoidance of coal dust-polluted soil followed a concentration-response relationship. Histopathological findings revealed changes on the cuticle, as well as in the circular and longitudinal muscle layers in animals living in soils containing 3 and 4% coal particles. In short, E. fetida exposed to coal dust experienced several pathological changes, suggesting that this pollutant may induce population problems in macroinvertebrates present in coal mining areas.
During recent decades the design of modern automotive batteries has undergone a fundamental change from leaf-type separators to microporous polyethylene envelope separation. The increased energy content and higher cold-crank performance of automotive batteries, especially in combination with application at elevated temperatures, has significantly increased the demand on separators with regard to puncture strength and oxidative stability. This paper describes recent achievements, together with typical battery test results, and gives an outlook on probable automotive battery developments from the separator manufacturer’s point of view.
The electrochemical characterization and overcharge protection mechanism of cyclohexyl benzene as an additive in electrolyte for lithium ion battery was studied by microelectrode cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements and SEM observation on both the cathode and separator of the overcharged cells. It was found that when the battery is overcharged, cyclohexyl benzene electrochemically polymerized to form polymer between separator and cathode at the potentials lower than that for electrolyte decomposition. The polymer blocks the overcharging process of the battery. The additive causes a small capacity loss and impedance increase in a real cell, but that can be mitigated if the operating voltage is much lower than the polymerization voltage.
Multi-shell hollow structure metal oxide materials, with the larger surface area and short diffusion lengths, are very promising for lithium-ion battery application as anode materials. However, the production of multi-shelled hollow structure is relatively cumbersome, and it is difficult to fabricate multi component metal oxide hollow structures. Herein, we developed a new one-step hydrothermal method for synthesizing α-Fe2O3 triple-shell hollow microspheres (TSHMs) by introducing urea as a coordination competitive agent. The triple-shell hollow structured α-Fe2O3 accommodates large volume change and provides abundant active sites enable it as an ideal material for lithium ion battery applications. We have demonstrated the high specific capacity of 903.6 mA h g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 even after 1000 cycles by using the α-Fe2O3 TSHMs as anode material.
Prosopagnosia is defined as a specific type of visual agnosia characterised by a discernible impairment in the capacity to recognise familiar people by their faces. We present seven family pedigrees with 38 cases in two to four generations of suspected hereditary prosopagnosia, detected using a screening questionnaire. Men and women are impaired and the anomaly is regularly transmitted from generation to generation in all pedigrees studied. Segregation is best explained by a simple autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, suggesting that loss of human face recognition can occur by the mutation of a single gene. Eight of the 38 affected persons were tested on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMF; Warrington, 1984), famous and family faces tests, learning tests for internal and external facial features and a measure of mental imagery for face and non-face images. As a group, the eight participants scored significantly below an age- and education-matched comparison group on the most relevant test of face recognition; and all were impaired on at least one of the tests. The results provide compelling evidence for significant genetic contribution to face recognition skills and contribute to the promise offered by the emerging field of cognitive neurogenetics.
Integration of fluctuating renewables like wind and solar power is nowadays a hot topic, but this comes at a cost of decreased stability of the power system. The deterioration often translates into so-called spikes and drops in the electricity spot price, very large (even extreme) deviations from the regular spot price, followed by a reversion to roughly the original level a few days later. We use the spikes and drops as an strong indication that there is an imbalance in the physical power system in this paper. Independent Spike Models (ISM) is a popular class of models for the electricity spot price that uses regime switching, typically having three regimes (base regime, spikes and drops). We fit a such model to Nord Pool spot data to characterize the size and intensity of these deviations, and proceed by augmenting the standard second generation, three factor Independent Spike Model by relating the spike and drop intensity to several factors and find strong statistical support for relating the consumption to the spike and drop intensity. The model is then used to quantitatively evaluate the effects when modifying the consumption in order to mimic how additional renewables are integrated into the power system or conversely the effects when smoothing consumption using strategies that can be implemented in smart grids. We use this tool to obtain a direct measure of how much the spike and drop intensity can be reduced by smoothing the consumption and see that even a small increase in the variability of the consumption translates into decreased stability (more spikes and/or drops) of the power system.
The existing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems are fed with a fixed concentration of fuel, which are either a diluted methanol solution or an active fuel delivery driven by an attached active pump. Both approaches limit the power conversion density or degrade the overall efficiency of the DMFC system significantly. Such disadvantages become more severe in small-scale DMFCs, which require a high conversion efficiency and a small physical space suitable for portable electronics. In this paper, passive fuel delivery based on a surface tension driving mechanism was designed and integrated in a laboratory-made prototype to achieve consumption depending on fuel concentration and power-free fuel delivery. Unidirectional methanol-to-water smooth flow is achieved through the capillaries of a Teflon PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane based on the difference in liquid surface tension. The prototype was demonstrated to exhibit a better polarization performance and to last for an extended operating time compared to conventional DMFCs. Its high efficiency and load regulation performance were also demonstrated in contrast to an active DMFC supplied with a constant concentration fuel. The fuel delivery driven by the liquid surface tension effect demonstrated here is believed to be more applicable for future small-scale DMFCs for portable electronics.
Low Back Pain is a major public health problem all over the western world. Active approaches including exercise in the treatment of low back pain results in better outcomes for patients, but it is not known exactly which types of back exercises are most beneficial or whether general physical activity provide similar benefits.
Upper-limb virtual rehabilitation (VR) in adult acquired brain injury (ABI) is based largely on systems administered on a one-to-one basis. Multi-user interaction between co-located participants may offer advantages over single-user methods. The present study examined the feasibility of deploying a co-located VR system (Resonance) in a clinical setting. Following a baselining period, 5 patients with ABI completed 12 Resonance sessions over 4–6 weeks. Feasibility criteria included recruitment, intervention delivery, attrition, user experience, and suitability of outcome measures. Individual participant motor proficiency (box and blocks task) was examined using a time-series analysis with reliable change indices and curve fitting. All feasibility criteria were satisfied, with positive reports of user experience. Repeated collection of outcome measures was successfully integrated into the training schedule. Time-series analysis was successfully conducted, providing a detailed account of individual training-related change. Within a clinical setting, it was feasible to deliver Resonance and regularly monitor motor function. User feedback regarding the co-located VR intervention was generally positive, but expectations regarding the level of immersion may need to be managed. Individual time-series analysis is recommended as an adjunct to group-based analysis in future VR research. These findings can inform the design of a clinical trial.
The NiO doped LiFePO4/C composite was synthesized by a simple solid state method. The structure and morphology of synthesized particles were characterized by XRD, Raman spectrum, SEM, TEM and EDS. Electrochemical performance of the pristine and nickel oxide modified samples was evaluated by galvanostatic charge-discharge test, CV, and EIS. The results indicate that NiO doped LiFePO4/Li type coin cell exhibits improved specific capacity and cycle stability, especially at high rates. Among all the modified samples, the 5.0%wt NiO doped sample shows the best electrochemical performance, which achieves a specific capacity of 129mAhg−1 at 1C current rate due to the modest graphitization of carbon layer on the surface of LiFePO4 particles. The results indicate that nickel oxide modification is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Rapid consumption of fossil fuels is pressing the search for renewable energy alternatives, including renewable and renewable energy technologies. The recyclable battery is one new system, but there are still many technical problems to be solved. From the perspective of renewable energy development, the paper discusses the issue of vehicle battery technology in terms of energy consumption and the environment, but also highlights nanotechnologies and systems design. The current situation and future development trends of batteries are introduced. Graphene batteries have a higher specific energy, higher specific capacity and lower cost than conventional batteries. If nanographene technology enhances battery power and prolongs life span, it will have attractive prospects in the field of electric vehicles. This article summarizes the recent progress in graphene nano batteries regarding structural models, nanoscale effects and system design. It also proposes future directions for research on battery electric vehicle technology as well as the prospect of graphene battery applications.