batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nano structured LiMnBO3/C cathode materials are synthesized by a fast microwave solid-state reaction method using MnCO3, Li2CO3, H3BO3 and glucose as starting materials for the first time. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LiMnBO3/C composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), raman spectroscopy (Ramon), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge–discharge tests. The result shows that not only monoclinic LiMnBO3/C but also hexagonal LiMnBO3/C cathode materials can be successfully synthesized by microwave solid-state method with power of 240 W in different time. Compared with h-LiMnBO3/C and mixed phase LiMnBO3/C, m-LiMnBO3/C displays lower charge-transfer resistance and the Warburg impedance, so it reveals a higher first discharge capacity of 156.3 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C within 1.8V–4.6 V, The value increases up to 173.2 mAh g−1 caused by the activation process. Even after 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of m-LiMnBO3/C still remains at 148.2 mAh g−1.
To investigate the novel molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) based on a transcriptomic study in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rat model
In this work, Ni(OH)2 nanoplates grown on the Cu substrate were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then a novel Cu–Ni(OH)2 modified glass carbon electrode (Cu–Ni(OH)2/GCE) was fabricated and evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and typical amperometric response (i–t) method. Exhilaratingly, the Cu–Ni(OH)2/GCE shows significant electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of H2O2. At an applied potential of −0.1V, the sensor produces an ultrahigh sensitivity of 408.1μAmM−1 with a low detection limit of 1.5μM (S/N=3). The response time of the proposed electrode was less than 5s. What's more, the proposed sensor displays excellent selectivity, good stability, and satisfying repeatability.
We report an electrochemical study of solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI, in a N-n-butyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, BEPyTFSI. We show that these ionic liquid solutions have stability towards lithium metal electrode which allows various electrochemical tests, including impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry. The ionic conductivity and lithium transference number, of the order of 10−3 Scm−1 and 0.4, respectively, make these solutions suitable for application as electrolytes in advanced lithium batteries. A prototype of these batteries, having lithium iron phosphate as the cathode, showed good performance in terms of charge–discharge efficiency and rate capability. The results reported in this work, although preliminary, are encouraging in supporting the practical interest of this LiTFSI-BEPyTFSI class of lithium conducting ionic liquids.
A three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure composed of ternary polyaniline/SnO2/graphene (SnO2@PANI/rGO) nanohybrids were successfully developed and prepared as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) by a simple dip-coating of SnO2@polyaniline (SnO2@PANI) and graphene dispersion on Cu foam. In such smart nanostructures, polyaniline (PANI) acts as the conductive matrix as well as a good binding agent of SnO2 nanoparticles and graphene sheets, greatly improving the rate performance to a great extent. The as-prepared ternary nanohybrids exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 772mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 with excellent rate capability (268mAhg−1 at 1000mAg−1), more significantly, after 100 cycles at 100mAg−1, our ternary nanohybrids still maintain a high specific capacity of 749mAhg−1, which is much better than SnO2/rGO(458mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1), SnO2@PANI (480mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1) and pure SnO2 nanoparticles (300mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1). Such intriguing electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the strong synergistic effects among SnO2, polyaniline and graphene. It is reckoned that the present 3D SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids can serve as a promising anode material for LIBs.
Chemical reactions involve competing pathways. Here, two pathways for H desorption from MgH2 are identified by first-principles calculations: One involves H diffusion in bulk Mg, while the other involves H vacancy diffusion at the MgH2 surface. The latter is sensitive to the size of the reactant MgH2 and self-terminates in bulk material as dehydrogenation eventually eliminates exposed MgH2. However, this surface vacancy pathway can maximize the catalyst effect of Pd by decoupling the kinetics of H desorption from that of H diffusion. When the surface-to-bulk ratio is large as in the case of MgH2 nanostructures, H desorption will take place primarily via the low-barrier surface vacancy pathway. Our picture attributes the experimentally observed size effect of MgH2 on H desorption, beyond the quantum size regime, to a synergy between the nanosize of the reactant and the catalyst.
In this paper a whole building optimization approach is used to assess the building performance and design of residential homes in The Bahamas with the goal of providing objective data for policy makers to achieve the sustainability goals in the country by minimizing carbon emissions and life cycle costs. This study accounts for the effects of building envelope improvements as well as a renewable energy system in the form of PV and battery electricity storage simultaneously in achieving the optimization objectives. EnergyPlus and jEPlus + EA provide the platform for this study, which implements the non-sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to find optimal solutions to building envelope design and renewable energy integration. Optimal design solutions are compared to a standard building model developed from audited data to provide an understanding of the interactions between the design objectives and optimal configurations. The results show that improvements to the thermal envelope and both the use of PV and battery storage are feasible and potentially advantageous to current building designs. Additionally, the results show a reduction in the NPV of up to 40%, with a net positive and carbon negative status, as well as a reduction in the yearly building energy consumption of up to 30%
The battery is a key component in any Electric Vehicle (EV) and its method of operation may have a tremendous effect on its life. In this paper we focus on improving the battery's life. Each battery is a pack of cells designed to be discharged and charged with specific optimal currents, whereby other currents, i.e. higher or lower than the optimal currents, may have negative effects on its life. We model these negative effects as penalties that are aggregate over time and propose a discharge method to minimize them. The common discharge method is very simple but far from optimal since the current demand is supplied using all the battery's cells where the current from each is the same. The method we propose is advanced switching algorithms that select a subset of the battery's cells for each current demand and control the discharge current from each, based on the electrochemical properties of the individual cells. We evaluate our proposed algorithms using simulations on world-wide driving cycles. The results reveal that compared to the common discharge method almost all penalties can be eliminated and the battery's life can be significantly extended.
An integrated procedure for math modeling and power control strategy design for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) is presented in this paper. Dynamic math model of the powertrain is constructed firstly, which includes four modules: fuel cell engine, DC/DC inverter, motor-driver, and power battery. Based on the mathematic model, a power control principle is designed, which uses full-states closed-loop feedback algorithm. To implement full-states feedback, a Luenberger state observer is designed to estimate open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery, which make the control principle not sensitive to the battery SOC (state of charge) estimated error. Full-states feedback controller is then designed through analyzing step responding of the powertrain and test data. At last of the paper, the results of simulation and field test are illustrated. The results show that the power control strategy designed takes into account the performance and economy characteristics of components of the FCHV powertrain and achieves the control object excellently.
The authors regret that an error occurred in Figure 23 of the published article indicated above. The top two lines of the key are incorrect and should be as shown in the corrected figure below.Image 1 The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Ceramic electrolytes are prepared through sintering processes which are carried out at high temperatures and require prolonged operating times, resulting unwelcome in industrial applications. We report a physicochemical characterization on hybrid, sodium conducting, electrolyte systems obtained by coating NASICON ceramic powders with the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid. The goal is to realize a ceramic-IL interface with improved sodium mobility, aiming to obtain a solid electrolyte with high ion transport properties but avoiding sintering thermal treatment. The purpose of the present work, however, is showing how simply combining NASICON powder and Py14TFSI does not lead to any synergic effect on the resulting hybrid electrolyte, evidencing that an average functionalization of the ceramic powder surface and/or ionic liquid is needed. Also, the processing conditions for preparing the hybrid samples are found to affect their ion transport properties.
Sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) has been extensively investigated as a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), while the poor cycling stability caused by its low electrical conductivity hinders its practical applications. Herein, Na2Ti3O7 nanowires embedded into three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide to form a porous hybrid composite (Na2Ti3O7/rGO) has been successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. As an anode for SIB, this composite exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performances due to the porous interconnected conductive network with uniformly embedded Na2Ti3O7 nanowires, which is beneficial for the increase of contact area between the electrolyte and active material, and also provides an ideal conductive matrix for fast electron/ion transportation. Therefore, the composite delivers a reversible capacity of ∼134mAh/g after 300 cycles at 100mA/g, and a good rate capacity of 116mAh/g even at a high current density of 2000mA/g, among the best results of the reported Na2Ti3O7-based materials, demonstrating its potential SIB applications.
In this work we report on the comparison between nano- and micro-particles of β-Ni(OH)2 as cathode material of Ni battery. The synthesis of nano- and micro-particles of nickel hydroxide is done by two different procedures: sonication process and stirrer. Nano-particles of β-Ni(OH)2 are synthesized by chemical precipitation from a solution containing NiCl2·6H2O and surfactant under ultrasonic irradiation. Micro-particles of β-Ni(OH)2 are synthesized by a similar procedure while applying magnetic stirring instead of ultrasonic. The products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Under the optimized conditions nickel hydroxide nano-particles, with an average particle size of 18nm, are obtained. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies show a pair of well-defined peaks for Ni(OH)2/NiOOH redox reaction, along with faster proton diffusion coefficient and higher oxygen evolution potential for nano-particles of nickel hydroxide compared to that of micro-particles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies of Ni(OH)2 electrodes show that the reaction occurring at the nickel hydroxide is controlled by charge transfer and Warburg diffusion. The β-Ni(OH)2 nano-particles are found to exhibit a superior cycling reversibility and improved capacity when they are used as positive electrode materials of alkaline rechargeable batteries.
In this paper, we present the direct application of AgNO3 as a novel host material for lithium storage. Fabricated as cathode material, commercial AgNO3 particles show an initial charge capacity at 157.1 mAh g−1, and retain a capacity of only 11.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. By preparing AgNO3 nanosheets supported on conductive carbon three-dimensional substrate, enhanced lithium storage performance can be achieved. As-prepared AgNO3 nanosheets exhibit the charge capacity at 141.7 mAh g−1 in the first cycle, and maintain at 82.0 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The three-dimensional carbon substrate with considerable strength and tenacity supporting AgNO3 nanosheets presents fast electron/ion transport, large electroactive surface area, and excellent structural stability. The reaction mechanism of AgNO3 with Li is also studied by ex situ and in situ techniques during the initial cycle. It can be concluded that lithium storage process of AgNO3 is associated with a quasi-reversible electrochemical conversion reaction. During the discharge process, the electrochemical reaction of AgNO3 with Li results in the formation of Ag and LiNO3. In the reverse charge process, AgNO3 can be re-generated by its conversion reaction. Therefore, it is anticipated that AgNO3 nanosheets can be a probable cathode candidate for lithium-ion batteries.
Anatase type TiO2 has been previously largely reported as a candidate negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. We report here for the first time the complete in situ Raman study of lithium insertion and de-insertion into three variously nano-sized TiO2 anatase powders (Prolabo, ca. 80nm, AK1, ca. 15nm and MTi5 ca. 8nm), of which AK1 and MTi5 show superior capacity and cyclability. From these measurements realized in a galvanostatic mode between 3 and 1V versus Li/Li+, the phase transition from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic structure was clearly observed to take place at different quantities of x in Li x TiO2. These results confirm the extension of the solid solution domain as particle size is reduced. For the smaller TiO2 nano-sized materials (AK1 and MTi5), a more pronounced decrease in band intensity when x >0.3 for Li x TiO2, was observed and may be related to the decrease in the optical skin depth linked to the conductivity increase as lithiation proceeds.
A LiCoMnO4 (5V spinel) material has been synthesized by annealing a sol–gel precursor utilizing lithium acetate, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, and citric acid. The as-prepared sample has been determined to be LiCo1.09Mn0.91O4 via inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The deviation of the molar ratio of Co/Mn from 1:1 is designed to minimize the amount of LiMn2O4 impurity in our sample. The produced spinel material possesses an initial discharge capacity of 87.1mAhg−1 with two voltage plateaus at 5.1 and 4.9V. The LiCo1.09Mn0.91O4 cathode has been assembled with a Li4Ti5O12 anode to form a full-cell which delivered a discharge capacity of 131.2mAhg−1, centered at 3.2V. It is of great interest that despite the low coulombic efficiency of the full-cell, it shows good cyclic performance. In addition, The LiCo1.09Mn0.91O4/Li4Ti5O12 cell shows an excellent rate capability, delivering a capacity of 84.2mAhg−1, corresponding to a high power density of 4.70kWkg−1 at the current density of 1700mAg−1.
In order to understand the origins of performance variations in unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), bifunctional catalyst layers (BCLs) fabricated with two different methods, i.e., ink deposition on membrane or GDL, were designed in this paper. The performances of the two different methods were evaluated, and their reaction dynamics were measured by electrochemical impedance spectra. The different BCLs, caused by the different preparation processes, were found to influence the fuel cell performance. The cell potentials of the URFCs using platinum sprayed onto the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are above 0.100V higher than those with platinum sprayed onto the membrane at 800mAcm−2 in fuel cell (FC) mode. The mass transport resistances of the URFCs at different operation modes were also compared. It was proved that the platinum layer formed by applying platinum onto the GDL could prevent the cell from water flooding in FC mode. However, it was found that the cell performance changed slightly in water electrolysis mode with different BCLs. The electron conduction path was also found to be hindered by an IrO2 agglomerate, which led to a decrease in cell performance. The highest and lowest round-trip efficiencies of the URFC with different BCLs were 42.1% and 22.3%, respectively, at 800mAcm−2.
Anxiety is a risk factor for many adverse neuropsychiatric and socioeconomic outcomes, and has been linked to functional and structural changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, the nature of these differences, as well as how they develop in children and adolescents, remains poorly understood. More effective interventions to minimize the negative consequences of anxiety require better understanding of its neurobiology in children. Recent research suggests that structural imaging studies may benefit from clearly delineating between cortical surface area and thickness when examining these associations, as these distinct cortical phenotypes are influenced by different cellular mechanisms and genetic factors. The present study examined relationships between cortical surface area and thickness of the VMPFC and a self-report measure of anxiety (SCARED-R) in 287 youths aged 7–20 years from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study. Age and gender interactions were examined for significant associations in order to test for developmental differences. Cortical surface area and thickness were also examined simultaneously to determine whether they contribute independently to the prediction of anxiety. Anxiety was negatively associated with relative cortical surface area of the VMPFC as well as with global cortical thickness, but these associations diminished with age. The two cortical phenotypes contributed additively to the prediction of anxiety. These findings suggest that higher anxiety in children may be characterized by both delayed expansion of the VMPFC and an altered trajectory of global cortical thinning. Further longitudinal studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
This paper presents a new integrated biomass and solar town concept that can serve as a global model for smart eco-villages in tropical countries. In this research, a renewable energy (RE)-based distributed energy generation (DEG) system for an eco-village driven by the “integrated biomass and solar town” concept was considered in order to optimise RE resource utilisation. To design a cost-effective integrated biomass and solar town, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed. The proposed model considers actual operation constraints due to biomass availability, weather variation, and restriction of the thermal plant. The application of this new concept on the Iskandar Malaysia (IM) case study with an average daily demand load of 16,900 kWh/d revealed that a 417 kW direct-fired biomass power generator, 412 kW biogas thermal power plant, 136 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, and sodium sulphur battery with an energy capacity of 3046 kWh and power of 1530 kW were required. The annual cost of the integrated biomass and solar town was estimated to be approximately RM 3 million at an electricity cost of RM 0.48/kWh.
Li–O2 battery electrochemistries involved H2O have been reported to show reduced charge overpotential recently. However, water in electrolyte diffusing to Li anode side will inevitably corrode Li metal and degrade battery performance severely. Herein, a “H2O self-trapping” cathode of activated graphene is proposed to reserve certain amount of bound water, which will participant in the electrochemistry reactions of Li–O2 batteries in dry system. Under the participation of trapped water, an ultra-low charge plateau at about 3.3 V obtained, which is mainly attributed to the electrochemical decomposition of LiOH. This the first time that such excellent round-trip efficiency achieved using pure carbon cathodes during fully discharge-recharge process. Moreover, these results provide convictive evidence of the water catalysis in the presence of a “H2O self-trapping” cathode, which are instructive for the design of optimized cathode materials that will be used in more practical Li–O2 batteries.
In most countries of equatorial Africa, it is difficult to satisfy power demand all year long by hydro sources alone. In some remote areas, where this is the case, a judicious combination of other renewable sources to form a hybrid system can help solve rural electrification problems. One of these combinations is the use of PV together with a diesel and batteries. We highlight the use of an optimization model to size such a system in a village in Cameroon.
Porous nickel structures are in high demand for battery, catalyst and filter materials applications. Traditionally such structures are made by sintering fine filamentary nickel powders. However, the strength of such structures is rather low, when compared, for example, with Ni foams of similar density. In this research we have applied colloidal processing techniques to improve the powder particle distribution and, hence the strength of the final sintered structure. By dispersing Ni powder in water prior to introducing a binder, better separation of particles and break-up of conglomerates is achieved. The addition of dispersants further improves the particle distribution. The new method also enhances control of the slurry viscosity and the green density of the nickel porous body. The structure of battery plaque prepared according to the new technique is therefore more uniform than the structure of the conventional plaque. Moreover, the tensile strength of a plaque prepared by the new method is increased by 50–70%.
Continued progress in reducing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in low-income countries requires a renewed focus on quality of delivery care. Reliable electricity and lighting is a cornerstone of a well-equipped health system, but most primary maternity care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa are either not connected to the electrical grid or suffer frequent blackouts. Lack of reliable electricity and light in maternity facilities may contribute to poor quality of both routine and emergency obstetric and newborn care, by hindering infection control, increasing delays in providing care, and reducing health worker morale. The “Solar Suitcase” is a solar electric system designed specifically for maternity care facilities in low-resource environments. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the impact of the Solar Suitcase on reliability of light, quality of obstetric and newborn care, and health worker satisfaction.
A method for synthesizing nano-sulfur/polypyrrole/graphene nanosheet (nano-S/PPy/GNS) ternary composite with a dual-layered structure is described. By taking advantage of both capillary force driven self-assembly of polypyrrole on graphene nanosheets and adhesion ability of polypyrrole to sulfur, we develop a stable and ordered nano-S/PPy/GNS composite cathode for lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries. The high dispersion of nanoscopic sulfur on the surface of PPy/GNS composite and good electrical conductivity of GNS seems to benefit the sulfur utilization and the reactivity of the composite. Furthermore, PPy plays an important role in retarding diffusion of polysulfides out of the electrode. The resulting nano-S/PPy/GNS composite cathode delivers a high initial capacity of 1415.7 mAh g−1, remaining a reversible capacity of 641.5 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles at 0.1 C rate.