batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis is a pathogenic bacterium causing postharvest decay of the cultivated mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, whose pathogenic mechanism is little known. Sequencing of its complete genome is a prerequisite for revealing the molecular mechanism of infection. In this research, the complete genome of SLPE1-3 was obtained using the Single Molecular Real Time (SMRT) sequencing strategy. The genome was analyzed both structurally and functionally. The complete genome of SLPE1-3 consists of a single, circular chromosome (2,522,493 bp; 34.91% GC content) without any plasmid. The results showed the feasibility and superiority of SMRT in bacterial complete-genome research. The genome of SLPE1-3 has the specific features of L. lactis subsp. lactis not just in the phylogenesis and genome structure, but also in functional classification. Compared with L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403, L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 and L. lactis subsp. lactis KF147, 23 peculiar genes were identified in SLPE1-3 which were involved in lipid metabolism, cell wall biogenesis and some functional enzymes. In addition, 37 potential genes relating to antifungal function were filtered for further mechanism research.
The preparation of Sn2Co3 nanowire arrays (NWs) electrogrown inside the channels of polycarbonate membranes and their characterization as anodes for Li-ion batteries both in half-cell vs. Li and in battery configuration are reported. The Sn2Co3 NW electrodes tested by deep galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles in ethylene carbonate-dimethylcarbonate (1:1) – LiPF6 1 M displayed 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles at C/2 and 30 °C, and a high charge and discharge rate capability at C-rate from C/3 (0.33 A/g) to 10C (10 A/g) at 30° and 10 °C. Electrodes with the highest alloy loading delivered up to 0.6 mAh cm−2 at C/2. The performance of these electrodes in battery configuration with LiFePO4 as cathode is also reported, as well as the effect of the vinylene carbonate additive on the charge/discharge coulombic efficiency of the Sn2Co3 NWs.
A new type of nanosized silicon–nickel–graphite (Si–Ni–G) composite was prepared by high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) and pyrolysis using SiO as the precursor of Si for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the phases obtained and to observe the microstructure and distribution of the composite. The composite powders consisted of Si, Ni, SiO2, NiO and a series of Si–Ni alloys. The formation of the inactive SiO2 and Si–Ni alloy phases could accommodate the large volume changes of the active particles during cycling. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic discharge/charge tests were carried out to characterize the electrochemical properties of the composite. The composite electrodes exhibited an initial discharge and charge capacity of 1450.3 and 956.4mAhg−1, respectively, maintaining a reversible capacity of above 900mAhg−1 for nearly 60 cycles.
The electrification of hybrid electric vehicle reduces the reliance of transportation on fossil fuels and reduces Green House Gas emissions. The economic and environmental benefits of the hybrid electric vehicles are greatly reshaping the modern transportation sector. The transportation electrification (TE) brings various challenges to the Smart Grid (SG), such as power quality, reliability, and control. Thus, there is a need to explore and reveal the key enabling technologies for TE. Moreover, the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Resources (RER) based generation demands for efficient, reliable, flexible, dynamic, and distributed energy storage technologies. The Electrical Vehicles (EVs) storage battery is the promising solution in accommodating RER based generation within SG. The most efficient feature of transportation sector is Vehicle to Grid (V2G) concept that will help in storing the surplus energy and feeding back this energy to the main grid during period of high demands. The storage technology is an integral part of the SG that helps in attaining the proper utilization of RER. In this paper, our goal is to explore the TE sector and its impact on economy, reliability and eco-friendly system. We reviewed the V2G technology and their implementation challenges. We further reviewed various energy storage technologies deployed in EVs within SG, considering attention to their influence on the environment. Moreover, this paper presented a detailed overview of the on board and off board charging infrastructure and communication necessities for EV. The paper also investigated the current issues and challenges of energy storage technologies in EVs. The technical and economic benefits of storage technologies are also considered. Our analysis reviews the role of EVs in decarbonizing the atmosphere. Lastly, the survey explains the current regulation, Standard, and interfacing issues within SG.
Electricity is always considered as an important ingredient for development of a country. Energy deficit affects the growth rate of the country and causes discomfort to the consumer. The power shortage in Karachi, the largest city and economical hub of Pakistan, is highly hampering the progress of the city. Presently the energy deficit in the city is around 328MW. This paper presents an analytical analysis of incorporation of small residential windmills to reduce the power shortage in Karachi. To estimate the wind energy potential in the city, four years wind data is collected from Pakistan Metrological Department (PMD) at various heights (10m, 30m, 50m, 75m and 100m). The statistical calculations on wind data using SPSS software show that the city has an enormous wind potential available. A case study is also carried to show the effect of incorporation of small residential wind mills in power system. The results shows 1678MWh of energy could be saved if 50% of residential consumers are equipped with small windmills. The paper also discusses the possible resistance in the introduction of small residential windmills in domestic sector. The potential benefits to the utility and consumers are also presented in this paper.
Aqueous hybrid ion batteries (AHIB) are being promoted as an environmentally friendly alternative to existing stationary battery technologies. However, no quantification of their potential environmental impacts has yet been done. This paper presents a prospective life cycle assessment of an AHIB module and compares its performance with lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries in two different stationary energy storage applications. The findings show that the claim of being an environmentally friendly technology can only be supported with some major limitations. While the AHIB uses abundant and non-toxic materials, it has a very low energy density and requires increased amounts of material for providing a given storage capacity. Per kWh of battery, results comparable to those of the alternative lithium- or sodium-ion batteries are obtained, but significantly higher impacts under global warming and ozone depletion aspects. The comparable high cycle life of the AHIB compensates this partially, requiring less battery replacements over the lifetime of the application. On the other hand, its internal inefficiencies are higher, what becomes the dominating factor when charging majorly fossil based electricity, making AHIB unattractive for this type of applications.
Lithium ion batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness and are widely used in electrical vehicles. An accurate and reliable battery model is needed in battery management systems (BMS) to monitor battery operating conditions, including state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), etc. This paper presents a state-space model with non-integer order derivatives for electrochemical batteries with a constant phase element (CPE) in order to accurately describe battery dynamics. The proposed model is a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the 1-RC model. The Oustaloup recursive approximation was selected for model parametric identification and potential implementation. A particle-swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to identify three model parameters by using time-domain test data. The model accuracy and robustness were validated by using datasets from different driving cycles, aging levels and cells of the same chemistry. The proposed FOM showed good accuracy and robustness. It is suitable for research on battery reliability, including issues like SOC estimation, SOH prediction, and charging control.
Cinnamomum cassia has been widely used as a natural product to treat diseases in Asia due to its diverse pharmacological functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor effects. Despite its ethnomedicinal benefits, little information regarding its toxicity is currently available. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential long-term toxicity and genotoxicity in compliance with test guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. A 13-week repeat-dose oral toxicity study revealed that body weights of rats were normal after receiving cinnamon extract at up to 2000 mg/kg. High-dose intake of cinnamon extract (2000 mg/kg) showed potential nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity to both males and females as evidenced by obvious increases of kidney/liver weight along with a small but statistically elevation of total cholesterol level. Overall findings from genetic toxicity testing battery including Ames test, in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus assay, and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay indicated that cinnamon extract was not mutagenic or clastogenic. In conclusion, cinnamon extract may possess potential nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity at dose higher than its recommended daily safe dose. Further study is needed to clarify the mechanism involved in its induction of liver and kidney injury.
We summarize recent progress on autonomous observations of ocean carbonate chemistry and the development of a network of sensors capable of observing carbonate processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 mediate potent effects in relapsed and/or refractory pre–B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but antigen loss is a frequent cause of resistance to CD19-targeted immunotherapy. CD22 is also expressed in most cases of B-ALL and is usually retained following CD19 loss. We report results from a phase 1 trial testing a new CD22-targeted CAR (CD22-CAR) in 21 children and adults, including 17 who were previously treated with CD19-directed immunotherapy. Dose-dependent antileukemic activity was observed, with complete remission obtained in 73% (11/15) of patients receiving ≥1 × 106 CD22-CAR T cells per kg body weight, including 5 of 5 patients with CD19dim or CD19− B-ALL. Median remission duration was 6 months. Relapses were associated with diminished CD22 site density that likely permitted CD22+ cell escape from killing by CD22-CAR T cells. These results are the first to establish the clinical activity of a CD22-CAR in B-ALL, including leukemia resistant to anti-CD19 immunotherapy, demonstrating potency against B-ALL comparable to that of CD19-CAR at biologically active doses. Our results also highlight the critical role played by antigen density in regulating CAR function.
Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) which is a non-flammable solvent is a good candidate to replace flammable carbonates in battery electrolytes. In the case of Li-ion battery using high voltage cathode such as LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNM), the use of TMP based electrolyte leads to high cycle performance (96% capacity retention after 50 cycles). Also gas generation drastically decreased. According to careful observation of the LNM surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after cycles, it has been found that TMP decomposes itself and forms polymer based film on the electrode surface suppressing further electrolyte decomposition. This work leads us to propose new electrolytes for Li-ion batteries using high voltage cathode.
The interior noise in train carriages has become an important design parameter for passenger comfort with the proliferation of high-speed rail systems around the world, because passengers spend a few hours on these trains for traveling between cities spanning more than 1000 km apart. However, there are limited reported studies on comparing the carriage noise for different high-speed rail systems. In this study, the carriage noise of three high-speed (top speed between 200 and 300 km/h) and four express rail systems (top speed between 100 and 200 km/h) was recorded with an Android smartphone running Noise Explorer (an app we have developed for measuring noise) and analyzed on PC to benchmark differences among high-speed and express trains. The advantage of using a smartphone for measurements is to leverage citizen scientists for large-scale-simultaneous measurements. The results show that the average carriage noise level is between 64 and 75 dBA which is well below the typical legally acceptable limit of 85 dBA over an 8-h period for noise exposure. The average carriage noise level in dBC was found to be much higher than the corresponding average carriage noise level in dBA, indicating a significant presence of low-frequency content in the carriage noise. Finally, the carriage noise for a train in a tunnel was found to be higher than the same train on an open surface track by 4 to 7 dB.
To test the potential of Infrared (IR) thermography in diagnosing as well as predicting type 2 diabetes and its complications compared with biochemical assay of HbA1c as standard. As per American Diabetes Association criteria, threshold for diagnosis of diabetes was set as HbA1c ≥ 6.5 % (7.7 mmol L−1). The total subjects (n = 62) were studied out of which control (n = 32) and diabetic subjects (n = 30). IR camera was used to capture the thermal images of the skin for diagnosis of the disease; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to set temperature (°C) as threshold for statistically significant body regions under t test. In diabetic group, HbA1c showed negative correlation with carotid region (r = −0.471, p < 0.01) and the mean skin temperature was lower than the normal group at body regions namely knee (p = 0.002), tibia (p = 0.003), forehead (p = 0.014), and palm (p = 0.019). The palm region showed highest area under the curve of 0.711 (95 % CI: 0.581–0.842) and the threshold was set as ≤33.85 °C, thereby sensitivity (90 %) and specificity (56 %) was obtained in determining the undiagnosed diabetes with positive predictive value of 65 %, negative predictive value of 85 % and accuracy of 73 %. As HbA1c increases, skin temperature decreases. Skin temperature enables early detection of diabetes as compared to HbA1c. The decrease in skin temperature may be due to the decrease in the basal metabolic rate, poor blood perfusion and high insulin resistance. Thermography can be used as a diagnostic as well as prognostic tool for the diabetes.
In this work, α-MoO3 nanoparticles are grown on the surface of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) via a facile electrodeposition method. The morphology of as-prepared nanocomposite shows that the interconnected α-MoO3 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on the surface of N-CNTs. When investigated as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the nanocomposite reveals a high reversible discharge capacity of 250 mA h g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1, simultaneously with good cycling performance and excellent rate capability compared with pristine MoO3 powder. Kinetics of this process is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to understand the difference in electrochemical performance and the interface properties between the α-MoO3/N-CNTs nanocomposite and pristine MoO3 powder electrode. The correlation between the unique structural features of α-MoO3/N-CNTs nanocomposite and its excellent electrochemical performance is also discussed. The excellent performance makes the as-prepared α-MoO3/N-CNTs nanocomposite a promising cathode material for high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Flexible and aqueous Zn–air batteries constitute promising next-generation energy storage devices to meet the growing demand for a safe and stable energy supply for flexible displays, wearable electronics, and implantable medical devices. However, their practical applications are severely hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the air cathode. Herein, a porphyrin covalent organic framework (POF) was innovatively designed and applied as a cathode electrocatalyst for flexible Zn–air batteries. Porphyrin active sites were periodically constructed into well-defined two-dimensional (2D) frameworks precisely controlled at the atomic level, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) served as scaffolds for further morphology regulation. Interwoven into a free-standing, robust, and flexible film, the as-fabricated CNT@POF hybrid demonstrates impressive performance in rechargeable liquid and flexible all-solid-state Zn–air batteries. Specifically, the liquid Zn–air battery with the CNT@POF cathode exhibits a small voltage gap of 0.71 V and outstanding stability for 200 cycles, even better than the noble-metal-based cathode. Flexible all-solid-state Zn–air batteries demonstrate a high energy efficiency of 61.6% at 1.0 mA cm−2 and the flexibility to stably light a red light-emitting diode (LED, 2.0 V) when bent to different degrees. This contribution demonstrates versatile and ingenious strategies for the multiscale regulation of advanced materials for energy electrocatalysis and thereby facilitates their applications in flexible and safe energy storage and conversion.
Objectives This study aimed to identify the physical and/or anthropometric qualities explanatory of adolescent surf lifesavers participating in paddling activities. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Methods A total of 53 (14–18years) male participants were recruited and classified into two groups; paddlers (n=30; actively participating in paddling), non-paddlers (n=23; not actively participating in paddling). All participants completed a testing battery that consisted of 16 physical (isometric strength and muscular endurance) and anthropometric (height, mass, segment lengths and breadths) assessments. Binary logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves were built to identify the physical and/or anthropometric qualities most explanatory of paddling status (two levels: 1=paddlers, 0=non-paddlers). Results Significant between group differences were noted for 14 of the 16 assessments (P<0.05; d =0.59–1.29). However, it was the combination of horizontal shoulder abduction isometric strength, body mass, and sitting height that provided the greatest association with paddling status (Akaike Information Criterion=47.13). This full model successfully detected 87% and 70% of the paddlers and non-paddlers, respectively, with an area under the curve of 84.2%. Conclusions These results indicate that there are distinctive physical and anthropometric qualities that may be advantageous for prospective paddling athletes to possess. Practitioners should integrate assessments of horizontal shoulder abduction isometric strength, body mass, and sitting height, as well as their subsequent cut-off thresholds, into talent detection programs focused toward the recognition of performance potential in paddling-oriented sports.
This paper presents foresee™, a user-centric home energy management system that can help optimize how a home operates to concurrently meet users’ needs, achieve energy efficiency and commensurate utility cost savings, and reliably deliver grid services based on utility signals. Foresee is built on a multiobjective model predictive control framework, wherein the objectives consist of energy cost, thermal comfort, user convenience, and carbon emission. Foresee learns user preferences on different objectives and acts on their behalf to operate building equipment, such as home appliances, photovoltaic systems, and battery storage. In this work, machine-learning algorithms were used to derive data-driven appliance models and usage patterns to predict the home’s future energy consumption. This approach enables highly accurate predictions of comfort needs, energy costs, environmental impacts, and grid service availability. Simulation studies were performed on field data from a residential building stock data set collected in the Pacific Northwest. Results indicated that foresee generated up to 7.6% whole-home energy savings without requiring substantial behavioral changes. When responding to demand response events, foresee was able to provide load forecasts upon receipt of event notifications and delivered the committed demand response services with 10% or fewer errors. Foresee fully utilized the potential of the battery storage and controllable building loads and delivered up to 7.0-kW load reduction and 13.5-kW load increase. These benefits are provided while maintaining the occupants’ thermal comfort or convenience in using their appliances.
Porous Power Technologies Llc (PPT) of Lafayette, Colorado, USA, has launched Symmetrix NC2020, a ceramic battery separator designed to significantly improve thermal stability and safety of large-format lithium-ion batteries.
Spherical layered Li1+xNi0.5Mn0.5O2+δ (x=0, 0.1 and 0.2) materials are synthesized by rheological phase reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the prepared materials have the α-NaFeO2 structure with R-3m space group. The materials with different lithium contents show distinct differences in structure, particle morphology, electrochemical property and safety characteristics. When x=0.1 and 0.2, excess lithium resides in the transition metal layer to form Li2MnO3-like structure. With lithium content increasing from 1.0 to 1.2, the initial discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency are decreased, while capacity maintenance is improved. Mn ions are electrochemically activated in the charge–discharge process and has a contribution to the capacity when cycling in a voltage window of 2.5–4.5V for x=0.2, leading to a high discharge capacity of near 200mAhg−1 and the excellent cycling performance (with no capacity decay after 100 cycles) at 20mAg−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the appropriate excess of lithium can decrease charge transfer resistance obviously in the initial several cycles. The differential scanning calorimetric indicates that the generated heat of Li1+xNi0.5Mn0.5O2+δ is increased with the increase of x.
Carbon-coated rutile titanium dioxide (CRT) was fabricated through an in-situ pyrolysis of titanium-based metal organic framework (Ti8O8(OH)4[O2CC6H4CO2]6) crystals. Benefiting from the TiOC skeleton structure of titanium-based metal organic framework, the CRT possesses abundant channels and micro/mesopores with the diameters ranging from 1.06 to 4.14 nm, shows larger specific surface area (245 m2 g−1) and better electronic conductivity compared with pure titanium dioxide (12.8 m2 g−1). When applied as anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the CRT electrode exhibits a high cycling performance with a reversible capacity of ∼175 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C-rate after 200 cycles, and obtains an excellent rate capability of ∼70 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles even at a specific current of 3360 mA g−1(20 C-rate). The outstanding rate capability can be attributed to the carbon-coated structure, which may effectively prevent aggregation of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles, accelerate the mass transfer of Na+ and speed up the charge transfer rate. Considering these advantages of this particular framework structure, the CRT can serve as an alternative anode material for the industrial application of SIBs.