batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of lithium transport through a mesocarbon-microbeads (MCMB) heat-treated at 800–1200°C was elucidated in 1 M LiPF6–ethylene carbonate–diethyl carbonate (50:50 vol.%) solution by the quantitative analysis of potentiostatic current transient considering the difference in the relative amount of lithium deintercalation sites having different activation energies for lithium deintercalation. From the coincidence between the current transients experimentally measured and theoretically calculated based upon the modified McNabb–Foster equation along with ‘cell-impedance-controlled’ constraint as the governing equation with the boundary condition, respectively, it is suggested that lithium transport through the MCMB electrode is limited by the ‘cell-impedance’, and at the same time the difference in the kinetics of lithium transport between through the four different lithium deintercalation sites is due to the difference in activation energy for lithium deintercalation between from the four different lithium deintercalation sites present within the MCMB. Moreover, it is realised that since the degree of microcrystallinity of the MCMB is increased with rising heat-treatment temperature, the relative charge amount of lithium deintercalated from the lattice-site is increased, but that amount from the extra-sites is decreased. Thus, the inflexion point, i.e. ‘quasi-current plateau’ in the current transient is less clearly observed with rising heat-treatment temperature.
Publisher Summary Health related quality of life is a subjective parameter commonly used to assess the views of the patients in terms of the physical, social, and emotional aspects of living with their condition. Direct questioning is a simple and appropriate way of accruing information about how patients feel and function. Using standardized questionnaires ensures well-documented psychometric properties. For routine application in clinical practice or in clinical trials, it is essential that the instruments employed are simple and comparatively short. The majority of patients or probands welcome the opportunity to report how symptoms and their subsequent treatment affect daily life. Psychometrically evaluated questionnaires allow uniform administration and unbiased quantification of data because the response options are predetermined and thus equal for all respondents. Certain difficulties introduce bias into the interpretation of data. These include the experiences of some interviewed old age individuals, particularly of older ages who might have difficulty with reading or writing, or who have been exposed to less experienced interviewers, or simply the expenses involved in gathering quality-of-life data. Standardization, compatibility, eradication of possible bias, and economy are therefore important variables for the validity of any type of quality-of-life assessment. The application of health related quality-of-life instruments requires the same scrutiny and intention as the measurement of physiologic outcomes.
In order to inhibit sulfation and hydrogen evolution of the negative plates and to prolong the cycle life of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for hybrid-electric vehicles, electrochemically active carbon (EAC) and Indium (III) oxide (In2O3) are added into negative active materials of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. The influences of EAC and In2O3 on the cycle performance of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are investigated under high-rate partial-state-of-charge conditions. Experiment results indicate that addition of EAC in negative active materials can prolong the high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycle performance of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, whilst it results in the accelerated evolution rate of hydrogen during charge process. It is also observed that EAC with an appropriate amount of In2O3 can effectively increase the overpotential of hydrogen evolution, which can not only produce the decreased hydrogen evolution rate and promote conversion of PbSO4 to Pb in capacity recovery process, but also prolong the high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycle life of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. The battery added with 0.5% EAC and 0.02% In2O3 in negative active materials exhibits at least four times longer cycle life than that without In2O3.
Reduced graphene oxide and NiO composite is prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation and subsequent annealing. Characterizations show that NiO particles have a nanosheet-based microsphere structure and anchor uniformly on the surface of reduced graphene oxide platelets. The RG-O/NiO-based supercapacitors exhibit high specific capacitance of 770Fg−1, and enhanced rate capability. It is found that the electrochemical performance can be enhanced by anchoring NiO particles on the surface of RG-O platelets in the RG-O/NiO composite. This method provides a facile and straightforward approach to distribute NiO nanoparticles onto the surface of RG-O sheets and can be extended to the preparation of other RG-O/metal oxides composite for electrochemical energy storage.
A novel bird nest-like nanostructured MnO2 (BNNS-MnO2) was prepared by a facile and cost-effective strategy. Their structures and morphologies were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Capacitive behaviors were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The obtained nano-MnO2 possesses a well designed loose-assembled hierarchical nanoarchitecture with an appropriate crystallinity which gives rise to excellent performances as an electrode material for supercapacitors. A maximum specific capacitance of 917 F/g has been obtained at a current density of 5 mA/cm2 in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous solution, and a specific capacitance of 210 F/g has been maintained for 500 cycles. As the low cost of MnSO4 and KCr2O7 and the low reaction temperature, the present method avoids the requirements for complicated operations, time/energy-consuming and expensive reagents, and perhaps is ready for the industrialization of nano-MnO2 production.
The Li metal anode has been regarded as the ultimate anode because of high theoretical capacity and low potential. Unfortunately, dendrite growth and safety issues impede its practical applications. Herein, we report a series of electron-rich functional groups, such as nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus, doped Ketjen Black (ECP) as a lithium deposition/dissolution host. The electron-rich functional groups can effectively improve the wettability and lithiophility of the carbon host, which is benefit to induce homogeneous lithium deposition in the Ketjen Black (ECP), rendering significant inhibition of dendrite growth and effective improvement of electrochemical stability. Under the roles of these factors, the nitrogen doped Ketjen Black (ECP) electrode achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.8% over 300 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2, while the pristine ECP electrode only maintains 110 cycles. What's more the O-doped ECP and P-ECP electrode also keeps longer cycles than the pristine ECP electrode.
A 48-year-old woman presented with bilateral lower extremity critical limb ischemia. In addition to this, her work-up revealed multiple other thromboembolic insults including cerebral and visceral emboli. Initial laboratory findings were significant for an indeterminate platelet count, secondary to platelet clumping. After appropriate emergent surgical treatment including bilateral lower extremity embolectomy, the patient was empirically anticoagulated with a direct thrombin inhibitor. Further embolic work-up discovered bilateral renal and splenic infarctions as well as a large mobile mitral vegetation. Finally, an upper extremity duplex revealed left axillary, left subclavian, and right internal jugular acute deep vein thromboses. Mitral valve replacement was performed to remove the septic source. A series of hypercoagulability studies was done, and results were positive for lupus anticoagulants. Months after her recovery, the patient was tested and found to be positive for sticky platelet syndrome.
Integration of P2 and O3 phases in Na0.5Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode via Li-ion substitution is proposed to enhance its electrochemical performance for sodium-ion battery applications. The formation of P2 and the combination of P2/O3 intergrowth were confirmed by X-ray diffraction refinement, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron microscopy analyses. Various content of lithium was used to find optimum P2+O3 combinations. The optimized Li-ion substituted Na0.5(Li0.10Fe0.45Mn0.45)O2 showed a high initial discharge capacity of 146.2 mAh g−1 with improved cycling stability, whereas the pristine Na0.5Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 initially delivered a discharge capacity of 127.0 mAh g−1. In addition, the combination of P2+O3 increased its average voltage, which is important for achieving high energy density sodium-ion batteries. Overall, the prepared Na0.5(Li0.10Fe0.45Mn0.45)O2 electrode exhibited the improved cycling performance in terms of reversible capacity and rate capability compared to pristine Na0.5Fe0.5Mn0.5O2 electrode material.
A facile and energy efficient microwave synthesis of NiO/MnO2 composite is presented in this study. The NiO nanoparticles (∼30 nm) and composite of NiO nanoparticles with nano-particle MnO2 were grown on the surface of graphite. The morphologies and electrochemical performance of NiO@graphite and NiO/MnO2@graphite composite were tested and compared. The SEM results showed that addition of MnO2 prevented the agglomeration of NiO nanoparticles. The electrochemical results of NiO/MnO2@graphite has demonstrated better performance than NiO@graphite, with higher specific capacitance of 102.78 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and superior cycling stability with specific capacitance retention of 140% over more than 1500 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of NiO/MnO2@graphite makes it suitable for electrode material of supercapacitors.
Silicon–carbon composites with two different morphologies, particulate and fibrous, prepared by NaOH catalyzed polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in presence of Si nanoparticles and cosurfactants, are examined as negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The composites prepared with ca. 33, 50, and 66% Si deliver around 1000, 1500, and 2000 mAh g−1, respectively. Higher silicon content results in higher initial specific charge, but also faster fading during cycling. The composites with the lowest silicon content exhibit the most stable specific charges. The differences in electrochemical behavior for the optimized compositions are investigated by means of microscopy and electrochemical impedance analysis and are discussed in terms of morphology of the different composites.
Self-powered electrochemical energy storage devices, which store energy upon application of mechanical force, have emerged as a promising technology for the realization of autonomous systems for maintenance-free, independent and multifunctional operations. However, the existing state-of-the-art technology demonstrates slow self-charging due to slow Faradaic reactions and intercalation mechanism. Here, we report a fast self-charging, self-powered electrochemical energy storage device owing to the formation of an electric double layer with fast adsorption and desorption of ions at the carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode upon application of mechanical force. The device charges up to 70 mV from the open-circuit potential, storing a capacitance of 95 μFcm−2 upon application of a mechanical pressure of 70 N at a frequency of 5 Hz. More importantly, it takes less than 10 s to achieve 90% of the increment in the potential (60 mV), which is more than one order of magnitude faster than all of the previously reported self-powered energy storage devices.
Recently, interest in the potential applications of tin disulphide nanoflowers (SnS2 NFs) in the treatment of waste water and their antibacterial properties has increased. However, their effects on neurotoxicity, brain cognition and behavioural injury, as well as the underlying mechanisms of these effects have remained unknown. In the present study, we compared the neurotoxicity of SnS2 NFs (50 nm) administered intragastrically at different doses (5, 10, and 50 mg kg−1) in mice for 60 days. The results showed that the neurotoxicity of SnS2 NFs in mice is dose-dependent. Furthermore, expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, metabolism and signal transduction were also modified in the brain tissues of mice exposed to SnS2 NFs, supporting the SnS2 NF-dependent neurotoxic phenotype. Additionally, SnS2 NF exposure resulted in an abnormal ultrastructure in the hippocampus of the treated mice. Nevertheless, their body weight, organ coefficient and behaviour assessed in an open-field test and learning and memory test results assessed using a Morris water maze test remained unaffected. This suggested that the increased risk of neurotoxicity in SnS2 NF-treated mice was dependent on the dosage of SnS2 NFs. The relative level of safety was <5 mg kg−1 for 50 nm SnS2 NFs. The present study provides an experimental basis for the safe application of SnS2 NFs; however, chronic behavioural effects of SnS2 NFs remain unknown.
Addition effect of polymer materials, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) in the electrolyte solutions, ethylene carbonate (EC)–propylene carbonate (PC) (1:1 vol.)/ 0.25mol/l LiBF4 or Li (CF3SO2)2N, was investigated. In the electrolyte solutions containing PVP the charge–discharge current efficiency of lithium on Ni electrode was the highest and the interface resistance between a lithium metal electrode and the electrolyte solution was small during charge–discharge cycle.
_____ mtv Messtechnik is offering the DeFelsko Posi-Tector PC Powder Checker, a device for non-contact thickness measurement of uncured powder coatings. The Powder Checker allows the predicted cured powder thickness to be measured even before curing. Due to its ultrasonic technology, the hand-held device can be used to measure most powder types without previous calibration adjustment. For special powder coatings or substrate materials, the accuracy of the measurement can, however, be improved by easy calibration adjustment options. Measuring coating thickness before curing can save costs, as the user can apply the precise quantity of powder required. The thickness gauge consists of a base unit and an ultrasonic probe, which can transmit the measurement wirelessly to the base unit over a distance of up to 10 m. This means, for example, that there is no cable that might damage the applied powder coating. Both units are equipped with a display for the measurements. The thickness gauge can also be used to perform measurements on small tubes, odd shapes and moving parts. The measuring range is between 20 und 110 μm coating thickness depending on the powder type. The resolution is 1 μm with a tolerance of ± 5 μm. Measurements are carried out at a distance of approximately 18 mm. A measurement takes only about two seconds. The measuring process conforms to ASTM D7378 and therefore to standard practice for measuring the thickness of applied powder coatings. The unit is tough and resistant to acid, oil, water and dust. It is equipped with a USB mass storage that can store 1000 readings in up to 100 batches. There is also a USB port for communication with a PC. The unit is battery operated. The integrated software generates formatted reports with measurement summaries and charts.
Two new materials, Ni(TCNQ) and Ni3(TCNQ)2, have been obtained by an electroplating technique and characterized by SEM, XPS, vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetic techniques. The compound Ni(TCNQ), obtained at lower applied voltages, contains paramagnetic Ni(II) cations and diamagnetic TCNQ−2 anions. In contrast, the material obtained at higher applied voltages, Ni3(TCNQ)2, contains diamagnetic Ni(II) cations and S=1/2TCNQ−3 anions. Thus, the higher oxidation states of the organic ligand have been stabilized by control of the applied electroplating voltage. Magnetic studies of polycrystalline samples of both compounds show the presence of dominant ferromagnetic interactions at higher temperatures, but antiferromagnetic interactions dominate at low temperatures.
Auld ML, Boyd RN, Moseley GL, Ware RS, Johnston LM. Impact of tactile dysfunction on upper-limb motor performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Objective To determine the relationship between tactile function and upper-limb function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Assessments were performed in community or hospital venues or in participants' homes. Participants Recruitment information was sent to 253 possible participants with unilateral CP (aged 8–18y), and N=52 participated (median age [interquartile range], 12y [9–14y]; Gross Motor Functional Classification System level I=34; II=18; Manual Abilities Classification Scale level I=36; II=16). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Tactile assessment included 1 test of registration, 5 tests for spatial perception, and 1 test for texture perception. Upper-limb motor function was assessed using 2 unimanual tests, the Melbourne Unilateral Upper Limb Assessment (MUUL) and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF), and 1 bimanual test, the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA). Results Tactile registration and all tests of spatial perception were moderately related to the MUUL, JTTHF, and AHA (P<.001). Texture perception was not related to upper-limb motor function. Regression analysis showed that single point localization, a unilateral tactile spatial perception test, contributed most strongly to unimanual capacity (29% explained variance in MUUL and 26% explained variance in JTTHF), whereas double simultaneous, a bilateral tactile spatial perception test, contributed most strongly to bimanual performance (33% for the AHA). Conclusions Spatial tactile deficits account for approximately 30% of the variance in upper-limb motor function in children with unilateral CP. This emphasizes the need for routine tactile assessment and targeted treatment of tactile spatial deficits in this population.
Different from conventional method, we have produced nanoparticles of Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and other metals by hydrogen plasma metal reaction (HPMR) in semi-industrial scale. Using these elemental nanoparticles as raw materials, nanostructured Mg-based compounds with high purity including Mg2Ni, Mg2Co, Mg2Cu and Mg2FeH6 are further synthesized by gas–solid reaction in much mild conditions. The Mg2Ni nanoparticles of 50 nm can be prepared at 523 K under 4 MPa H2. The formation mechanisms of the elemental nanoparticles during HPMR and the nanostructured Mg-based compounds during gas–solid reaction are discussed. The nanostructure of these samples greatly enhances the kinetic properties of hydrogen absorption and desorption. The Mg2Ni nanoparticles can absorb hydrogen and saturate at 0.95 H M−1 (the number of hydrogen atoms per metal atom) in several minutes at 493 K. The sorption kinetics of the nanostructured Mg2Ni is almost stable during ten cycles. The thermodynamic properties of these nanostructured Mg2M are improved slightly.
Suspended particles with a diameter below 1μm act as vehicles transporting toxic chemicals into the human respiratory system. It is therefore of interest to record the intensity of these particles and to determine the source from which they were emitted. It is shown that this can be done by simultaneously measuring the light scattering (LS), the photoelectric charging (PC), and the diffusion charging (DC). Particles carrying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH) are detected by their large PC and are generated in combustion of organic materials whereas particles from other sources only exhibit LS and DC. The fraction of particle mass due to PPAH is independent of location and weather conditions. As an example of an application, we study the nanoscale particles found on motorways in or near various large cities. The sources of the majority of these particles are Diesel motors or cars with defect catalysts. Promising strategies for improving the air quality emerge from these observations.
Rational design of novel electrode materials with higher capacity is a key to further improve the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Inspired by the high capacity of silicon anode, we here report for the first time a theoretical first-principles investigation into the scientific feasibility of using siligraphene (g-SiC5 and g-SiC2) as a high-capacity anode material for LIBs. The results show that siligraphene working as an LIB anode possesses the advantages of high stability from graphene and high capacity from silicene. While the pristine graphene offers limited Li storage capacity due to the weak Li/graphene interaction, the fundamental Li-Si chemistry ensures a strong Li adsorption in siligraphene and thus allows more Li to be stored. The monolayer siligraphene g-SiC5 and g-SiC2 can be lithiated into Li5SiC5 and Li5Si2C4, respectively, offering a respective theoretical capacity of 1520 mAh/g and 1286 mAh/g. On the other hand, the unique two dimensional honeycomb structure of siligraphene promotes a high electron and Li-ion conductivity to achieve fast cycling rate with negligible volume expansion. The mechanisms on how Si in siligraphene enhances Li/siligraphene interaction are particularly discussed. Overall, the results of this study provide a solid theoretical foundation for rational design of Si/C compounds as novel anode materials for high-performance LIBs.
Vanadium tungsten oxide is a promising bolometric material for thermal sensing applications. Two samples with different vanadium tungsten oxide thickness were prepared for excess noise measurement. No sign of random telegraph signal noise was found. Results show low 1/f noise in the measurement frequency range from 10Hz to 100Hz. 1/f noise power spectral densities obey 1/f γ frequency dependence, with γ about to unity. The 1/f noise power spectrum at bias current of 5.4μA and frequency of 20Hz is 4×10−15 V2/Hz. The result proves that new vanadium tungsten oxide is a strong candidate of thermometric materials for thermal imaging applications.
Islet-associated protein 2 (IA-2) and IA-2β are major autoantigens in type 1 diabetes and transmembrane proteins in dense core secretory vesicles (DCV) of neuroendocrine cells. The deletion of these genes results in a decrease in insulin secretion. The present study was initiated to test the hypothesis that this deletion not only affects the secretion of insulin, but has a more global effect on neuroendocrine secretion that leads to disturbances in behavior and learning. Measurement of neurotransmitters showed that norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-HT were significantly decreased in the brain of double knockout (DKO) mice (P<0.05 to <0.001). In tests evaluating anxiety-like behavior and conditioned-learning, the DKO mice showed a highly significant increase in anxiety-like behavior (P<0.01 to <0.001) and impairment of conditioned learning (P<0.01) as compared to WT mice. The DKO mice also displayed an increase in spontaneous and induced seizures (P<0.01) and age-related death. Contrary to the generally held view that IA-2 and IA-2β are expressed exclusively in DCV, subcellular fractionation studies revealed that IA-2β, but not IA-2, co-purifies with fractions rich in synaptic vesicles (SV), and that the secretion of dopamine, GABA and glutamate from the synaptosomes of the DKO mice was significantly decreased as was the number of SV (P<0.01). Taken together, these findings show that IA-2β is present in both DCV and SV, and that the deletion of IA-2/IA-2β has a global effect on the secretion of neurotransmitters. The impairment of secretion leads to behavioral and learning disturbances, seizures and reduced lifespan.