batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Flexible power supplies that can harvest power from an ambient environment are of considerable interest for future portable electronics. However, the complex structure and costly functional material of current power generators hinder their further development and practical application. Here we demonstrate flexible, all-printable graphene oxide (GO) functionalized paper as a moisture-electric power generator with an induced voltage of up to 2 V. Such high voltage is achieved by asymmetric moisturizing of GO, which enables directional ion migration across the GO. This work demonstrates a low-cost, scalable, lightweight and bendable power generator, opening up new possibilities for significantly expanding the application domain of graphene and reducing the cost of portable electronics.
Layer Li[Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4]O2 and lithium excess spinel Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O4 were compared as positive electrode materials for high power lithium-ion batteries. Physical properties were examined by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopic studies. From continuous charge and discharge tests at higher currents and different temperature environments using 3Ah class lithium-ion batteries, it was found that both materials presented plausible battery performances such as rate capability, cyclability at 60°C at elevated temperature, and low temperature properties as well.
Precise temperature measurement within a narrow time frame is crucial for the safe operation of Li-Ion battery cells. This paper proposes a digital approach for in-situ cell temperature measurement, relying on capacitive coupled data transmission between the controller in a cell and an external controller. In contrast to purely analog solutions, the digital approach satisfies all requirements in terms of electrochemical, space and transmission quality. For this purpose, analog and digital conceptual hardware setups were implemented for comparison and extensive measurements were carried out. The experimental results for the digital implementation show the influence of capacitor sizes and baud rates, providing a guideline for transmission rates for different sizes of cells. The paper also discusses in detail integration aspects for the digital approach. From the digital concept setup, valuable information is deduced regarding the communication latency, achievable energy consumption and miniaturization potential: Depending on the employed sampling rate, the transmission duration for one message with five temperature values can be reduced to as little as 65μs with a power consumption in the μW range. The proposed miniaturization enables an efficient, low cost, fully integrated logic circuit for data collection and transmission with a size not bigger than 2mm×3mm.
This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of electrodes modified with conducting polymer nanoparticle films, produced via inkjet printing. The polyaniline nanoparticle formulations were deposited via a desktop inkjet printer onto screen-printed carbon-paste electrodes (SPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and gold-PET and their morphology studied at a range of length scales using profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The deposited films were found to form continuous polymer films depending upon film thickness, which was in turn dependent on the number of prints performed. The inkjet-printed films exhibited a smooth morphology on the SPEs at the micro-dimensional scale, as a result of the aggradation and coalescing of the nanoparticles upon deposition. The resulting modified electrodes were both conductive and electroactive, possessing good reversible polyaniline electrochemistry. Such a combination of materials and processing offers the potential of producing a range of low cost, solid state devices such as sensors, actuators and electrochromic devices.
The synthesis of a novel monomer based on benzimidazole and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moieties, 4′-tert-butyl-4,7-di(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)spiro[benzo[d]imidazole-2,1′-cyclohexane] (TTBI), and its electrochemical polymerization are reported. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies of the polymer were investigated. The high optical transparency and low coloration efficiency during oxidation and reduction processes make the polymer a great candidate for hole-injection layers in light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices as well as counter electrodes for electrochromic devices.
While thicker battery electrodes are in high demand to maximize energy density, mechanical instability is a major hurdle in their fabrication. Here the authors report that segregated carbon nanotube networks enable thick, high-capacity electrodes for a range of materials including Si and NMC.
The authors have retracted this article [1] because new results have shown that the assumption of a hydraulic convection through the membrane was not correct. It is very likely that the membrane used for the experiments in this article was damaged. As a result, a part of the determined model parameters and the simulation results changed after evaluation of new experimental results. The authors intend to publish a corrected version of their findings. All authors agree to this retraction.
Emotional eating has been defined as the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions and is a symptom of emotion dysregulation. Interventions for emotional eating have been developed based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). However, these interventions only address emotional eating in the context of weight loss programs and are therefore not available in a weight neutral context.
Publisher Summary This chapter describes myofiber specification and survival. Skeletal muscle development is characterized by an orderly progression of molecular signals leading to generation of heterogeneous muscle fibers. Adult skeletal muscle retains a considerable degree of plasticity, which makes the muscle capable of adopting specific phenotypic properties in response to a wide range of factors including physical activity, injury, stimulation by motor neurons, oxygen and nutrient supply, and changes in hormone levels. Fiber type is an essential determinant of muscle function and alteration in fiber composition represents a major component in the muscle degeneration associated with muscle diseases. Adult skeletal muscle fibers are classified according to their relative velocities of contraction (Type I or II, respectively). Slow (Type I) and fast (Type II) fiber types are named according to the unique myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform they express. In addition to myosin heavy chain, each fiber type expresses distinct proteins comprising the contractile apparatus, calcium-sequestering components, and metabolic enzymes, so that relatively skeletal muscle-specific proteins, such as actin are expressed in all myofibers.
A dynamic PEM fuel cell model has been developed, taking into account spatial dependencies of voltage, current, material flows, and temperatures. The voltage, current, and therefore, the efficiency are dependent on the temperature and other variables, which can be optimized on the fly to achieve optimal efficiency. In this paper, we demonstrate that a model predictive controller, relying on a reduced-order approximation of the dynamic PEM fuel cell model can satisfy setpoint changes in the power demand, while at the same time, minimize fuel consumption to maximize the efficiency. The main conclusion of the paper is that by appropriate formulation of the objective function, reliable optimization of the performance of a PEM fuel cell can be performed in which the main tunable parameter is the prediction and control horizons, V and U, respectively. We have demonstrated that increased fuel efficiency can be obtained at the expense of slower responses, by increasing the values of these parameters.
The rechargeable Li-air battery has a key role to play as a storage system for renewable energy and as the power system for electric vehicles. Effective cathode materials are required to improve its capacity, cycling ability and rate capability. In this work, an ionic conductive Li-Nafion® binder and Li-Nafion® membrane materials were fabricated and used to construct a novel rechargeable Li-O2/air and all-solid battery. The battery achieved a high capacity over 1000mA h (g solids)−1 with good rate capability and capacity retention were achieved. Insight into the improved performance has been explored with the aid of TEM, XRD, galvanostatic charge discharge test and impedance analysis.
A poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) membrane was grafted with styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MAn) using an electron-beam-induced pre-irradiation grafting technique. The grafted membrane (PVDF-g-PS-co-PMAn) was then sulfonated and hydrolyzed to give an ion exchange membrane (denoted as PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRB) use. Micro-FTIR analysis indicated that PVDF was successfully grafted and sulfonated at the above condition, and the membrane with a high grafting yield (GY) can be easily prepared in a St/MAn binary system at low dose due to a synergistic effect. The water uptake and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane increased with GY, so too did the conductivity. At a GY of 33.6%, the resulting PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane showed a much higher IEC and conductivity than a conventional Nafion117 membrane, and a much lower permeability of vanadium ions: ca. 1/11 to 1/16 of that through Nafion117. Open circuit voltage measurements showed that the VRB assembled with the PVDF-g-PSSA-co-PMAc membrane maintained values above 1.3V after a period of 33h, which was much longer than that with the Nafion117 membrane. It is expected that this work provides a new approach for the fabrication of ion exchange membranes for VRB.
The printable paper-based enzymatic biofuel cell (PBFC) to directly power small devices is an important objective for realizing cost-effective and disposable energy harvesting devices. In the present study, a screen-printed circular-type PBFC, composed of a series of 5 individual cells, was constructed. The PBFC exhibited the open circuit potential of 2.65 V and maximum power of 350 μW at 1.55 V, which were sufficient to illuminate an LED without requiring a booster circuit. The output voltage of this PBFC can also be easily adjusted as required.
During the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza vaccination campaign, health regions in Canada collected client-level immunization data using fully electronic or hybrid systems, with the latter comprising both electronic and paper-based elements. The objective of our evaluation was to compare projected five-year costs associated with implementing these systems in Ontario public health units (PHUs) during pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns.
Echis ocellatus is the most medically important snake in West Africa. However, the composition of its venom and the differential contribution of these venom components to the severe haemorrhagic and coagulopathic pathology of envenoming are poorly understood. To address this situation we assembled a toxin transcriptome based upon 1000 expressed sequence tags (EST) from a cDNA library constructed from pooled venom glands of 10 individual E. ocellatus. We used a variety of bioinformatic tools to construct a fully annotated venom-toxin transcriptome that was interrogated with a combination of BLAST annotation, gene ontology cataloguing and disintegrin-motif searching. The results of these analyses revealed an unusually abundant and diverse expression of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and a broad toxin-expression profile including several distinct isoforms of bradykinin-potentiating peptides, phospholipase A2, C-type lectins, serine proteinases and l-amino oxidases. Most significantly, we identified for the first time a conserved α9β1 integrin-binding motif in several SVMPs, and a new group of putative venom toxins, renin-like aspartic proteases.
Methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) (MAPbBr) has been synthesized and then introduced in the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber made by the process of electrospinning. The β-phase composition, degree of crystallinity as well as mechanical, optical and energy harvesting properties of this composition has been investigated. Increased electroactive phase composition (91%) and dramatic improvement in tensile strength of the PVDF nanofiber mats is found by the addition of MAPbBr. This increase in electroactive phase composition can play a significant role in the enhancement of output power which is a premiere observation. The acoustic nanogenerator (ANG) made from MAPbBr doped PVDF nanofibers (NFs) can also be utilized in energy scavenging from acoustic vibration with a higher degree of acoustic sensitivity (~ 13.8 V Pa−1) and efficiency (58.5%). This suggests that ANG could be a potential tool for power generation in portable electronics. This fact may open up the prospect of using the MAPbBr doped PVDF electrospun nanofibers, with their multifunctional properties such as vibration sensitivity, piezoelectric energy harvesting, green light emission capability (quantum yield ~ 32.6%), for various promising applications in portable electronics, noise detection and security monitoring.
The presence of toxic levels of inorganic arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide problem. Measurement of millions of samples in the field for arsenic is an analytical challenge and the first step to solve the problem. Here, we developed a novel electrochemical arsine sensor and system based on the cell: C(s)/I3 −I2, AsH3(g/aq)//I3 −, I2 AgI(s)/Ag(s), where I3 −/I2 mediated AsH3(g/l) oxidation which occurred on the C(s) electrode. The sensor system requires 50μL of 10mM iodine solution and a small piece of filter paper placed inside a novel electrochemical cell. The cell exhibited highly efficient arsine mass transport with a limit of detection of 15μg/L As(III) in water. A mathematical model of mass transfer of AsH3(g/aq) and following electrochemical reaction was developed and applied to explain the experimental data. Groundwater samples containing arsenic were measured to prove its utility in a field deployable instrument.
We report the first study of the characterisation of the organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (C2mpyrBF4) upon mixing with a dendrimer additive. Whereas previous reports of OIPC composite formation (i.e. with ceramics and polymers) have typically reported a decrease in the conductivity when lithium salt had been added, the addition of dendrimer is shown to lead to a substantial enhancement in the lithium containing system, approaching 3 orders of magnitude at 30°C. Mechanical analysis indicates that dendrimer addition leads to a softer more ductile material while microscopy shows that the dendrimer is uniformly distributed and that the crystal microstructure is substantially disrupted, ultimately adopting a dendritic microstructure at 1mol% dendrimer content. Thermal analysis indicates a new phase in the lithium OIPC system, the crystallisation of which is suppressed in the presence of dendrimer. Instead, a decrease in the phase transition enthalpies indicates a large increase in the amorphous component of the Lithium OIPC, particularly for the most conductive system -C2mpyrBF4 +10mol% LiBF4 +0.1mol% dendrimer. Variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of a new distinct phase and its absence in the presence of dendrimer. A change in the progression of the thermal phase behaviour of the OIPC in the presence of dendrimer is also shown, exhibiting the phase I (high temperature) structure at temperatures below the phase II-I transition.
Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) are considered to be high-performance energy storage devices that have stimulated intense attention to bridge the gap between lithium ion battery and supercapacitor. Currently, the major challenge for LICs has been to improve the energy density without sacrificing the high rate of power output performance. Herein, we designed a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous nanostructure of hydrogen-treated TiO2 nanoparticles wrapped conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) framework with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hybrid (denoted as, H-TiO2/PPy/SWCNTs) anode material for LICs through a conventional and green approach. Such a unique network can offer continuous electron transport and reduce the diffusion length of lithium ions. A greatly lithium storage specific capacity is achieved with reversible discharge capacity ∼213 mA h g−1 (based on the mass of TiO2) over 50 cycles (@ 0.1 A g−1), which is almostly three times compared with raw TiO2 (a commercial TiO2 nanoparticles powder). In addition, coupled with commercial activated carbon (AC) cathode, the fully assembled H-TiO2/PPy/SWCNTs//AC LICs delivers a maximum energy and power densities of 31.3 Wh kg−1 and 4 kW kg−1, a reasonably good cycling stability (∼77.8% retention after 3000 cycles) within the voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V.
For the application to all-solid-state thin film batteries, LiCoO2 thin films are deposited by RF-sputtering with controlling the lattice orientations to maximize lithium-ion diffusivity in film textures. The nano-sized crystalline grains grow up with the (003) preferred orientation parallel to the substrates at room temperature due to the lowest surface energy of this atomic plane. However, because the surface energy difference of atomic planes of LiCoO2 reduces with increasing substrate temperature, the influence of surface energy becomes weaker at high temperature. The LiCoO2 thin films with the (110) preferred orientation are obtained at higher temperatures by dominant influence from the lowest the volume strain energy of this orientation. To take advance of this orientation effect in full cell, the influences of the metallic current collector layer on the structural properties of sputtered cathode are investigated. It turns out that the Li2O buffer layers between the cathode films and the metallic current collector layers can suppress the formation of lithium-deficient phase, Co3O4, and the growth of (003) plane by reducing the lattice match between of LiCoO2 plane and Al(111) plane. The LiCoO2 films with the controlled orientation show enhanced rate performance owing to improved interfacial resistance and lithium-ion conductivity.
Validation of self-report mindfulness measures has been promising, although comparisons with non-self-report instruments are lacking. Because past research suggests that mindfulness training is associated with improved attention, this study predicted that higher self-report mindfulness would be positively related to performance on tasks of sustained attention. Fifty undergraduates completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, Revised (CAMS-R), and performed the Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Mindfulness scores, as measured by the MAAS and CAMS-R, were negatively related to target omissions on the CPT-II (ps ≤ 0.001), but were not related to PASAT performance (ps ≥ 0.11). Scores on the KIMS were not related to the CPT-II or PASAT (ps ≥ 0.15). Results suggest that self-report mindfulness is related to exaggerated lapses of attention, as measured by the CPT-II.
This review covers energy harvesting technologies associated with pyroelectric materials and systems. Such materials have the potential to generate electrical power from thermal fluctuations and is a less well explored form of thermal energy harvesting than thermoelectric systems. The pyroelectric effect and potential thermal and electric field cycles for energy harvesting are explored. Materials of interest are discussed and pyroelectric architectures and systems that can be employed to improve device performance, such as frequency and power level, are described. In addition to the solid materials employed, the appropriate pyroelectric harvesting circuits to condition and store the electrical power are discussed.
Spinel LiMn2O4-based cathode material has been successfully commercialized for power lithium ion batteries for large-scale applications in pure electric vehicles. However, pure LiMn2O4 suffers from poor rate performance and fast capacity fading especially at elevated temperatures derived from Mn dissolution and structural distortion. Herein, a study on the rate and cycle performance of single/double-cation doped porous LiMn2O4 microspheres, which was prepared by an easy method using porous MnCO3 microspheres as a self-supporting template, was performed. The as-synthesized porous Li1.02Co0.05Mn1.90Li0.05O4 (LMO-S4) microspheres constructed with nanometer-sized primary particles show an obvious enhancement of cyclability over other LiMn2O4-based materials such as Li1.02Mn2O4 (LMO-S1), Li1.02Mn1.95Li0.05O4 (LMO-S2) and Li1.02Co0.05Mn1.95O4 (LMO-S3), especially at an elevated temperature (55 °C). The obtained LMO-S4/lithium half cells deliver capacities of 113.1 and 109.0 mAh g−1 at 1.0 and 5 C, respectively, with the corresponding capacity retentions of 88.9 and 90.2% for up to 1000 cycles. Meanwhile, it can deliver an initial capacity of 114.0 mAh g−1 at 5 C with a capacity retention of 80.1% after 1000 cycles at 55 °C. Furthermore, it displays superior rate performance and cycle performance at 0 °C with a specific capacity of 106 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is 79.6% after 1000 cycles at 5 C. These results reveal that a dual-doping strategy and porous structure design play synergistic roles in the preparation of high performance LiMn2O4-based spinel cathode material. The cation co-doped strategy can maintain the crystal structural stability and provide interfacial stability while preserving fast Li+ diffusion during the long-time cycling at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the porous structure favors fast Li+ intercalation/deintercalation kinetics by allowing electrolyte insertion through the nanoparticles during the reversible electrochemical process.
Various electrochemical techniques have been used to study the electrochemical insertion (extraction) of lithium into (from) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) prepared by catalytic decomposition of ferrocene and xylene. The galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles display a small hysteretic loss and the cyclic voltammograms are quite symmetric in the shape of cathodic and anodic branches, implying that lithium insertion/extraction process is highly reversible. In addition, rate capability and cycleability of charge into the MWNTs are satisfactory. The excellent reversibility and small hysteretic loss of the MWNT are attributed to the extremely pure structural character of the MWNTs with moderate chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium through the structure.