batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The use of recyclable materials has become an important trend in all activity areas, reason why the arbofill, arboblend and arboform are the materials that will replace plastic in the near future. The tensile strength reached (28.05±1.09) MPa at 23°C and (13.50±0.23) MPa at 60°C, respectively and the results are not surprising because at room temperature (23°C), the material had a brittle behavior, while with the increasing in temperature this feature has decreased. The friction coefficient by disk rotation registers a slight decrease approximately in the first 25s and then throughout the whole tested period it registers a slight increase. The average friction coefficient by disk rotation is 0.145. The variation of the friction coefficient by oscillation is similar, whereas the average friction coefficient is 0.1523. As the diffraction analysis shows, the material does not have a complete amorphous structure and it has several typical phases between 15° and 30°. The specific diffraction technique used was X-ray diffraction. The SEM analysis shows a uniform structure with unidirectional dendritical ramifications and small secondary dendrites and the chemical elements range indicate a high presence, in mass and atomic percentages, of the carbon followed by the oxygen.
Spherical Al-substituted ɑ-Ni(OH)2 with high tapping density are prepared with controlled crystallization method, where the synthesis parameters are previously calculated out according to theoretical analysis. The formation mechanism of Ni(OH)2 particles is analyzed based on theoretical calculation, the optimal conditions for the formation of spherical Al-substituted ɑ-Ni(OH)2 with high tapping density are figured out and a formula indicates the restrictions among main synthesis parameters is derived, which is reference meaningful for the synthesis of commercialized electrode powders. Synthesized by using the calculated parameters, the obtained ɑ-Ni(OH)2 shows uniform spherical morphology, high crystal phase purity and reasonable high tapping density of 1.37 g cm−3, which demonstrates the feasibility of the derived formula. Since the electrical conductivity of the pure Ni(OH)2 is quite low, 5 wt% of CoOOH are coated on the ɑ-Ni(OH)2 surface to improve their electrochemical performances. The synthesized CoOOH coated ɑ-Ni(OH)2 shows relative high specific capacity of 327 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and acceptable high-rate dischargeability. The simultaneously achieving of high tapping density and high specific capacity in ɑ-Ni(OH)2 makes it own the great potential to be applied in new generation of Ni-MH batteries.
For designing batteries with high-rate and long-life, electronic/ionic transport and reaction must be unified for metal oxide electrodes. However, it remains challenging for effectively integrating the whole substrate/active materials/electrolyte interfaces. Herein by taking Li ion battery as example, we propose a semiconductor-electrochemistry model by which a general but novel insight has been gained into interfacial effect in batteries. Different from those traditional viewpoints, this derived model lies across from physics to electrochemistry. A reaction driving force can be expressed in terms of Fermi energy change, based on the tradeoff between electronic and ionic concentration at the reaction interfacial region. Therefore, at thermodynamic-controlled interface I of substrate/electrode, increasing contact areas can afford higher activity for active materials. Whereas at kinetically-governed interface II of electrode/electrolyte or inside active materials, it is crucial to guarantee high-reaction Li ionic concentration, with which some sufficient reaction degrees can reach.
is Team Leader concept analysis and test at Constellium Automotive Structures Europe in Gottmadingen (Germany).
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, a cathode material for high potential applications, rapidly deteriorates at high temperatures. In this study, fluoride-containing additives are found to offer protection to the material in damaging temperature ranges. The results of investigations using a fluoride-rich pyrazole, fluoro-ethylene carbonate, trially cyanurate with multiple double bonds, and LiF explain the combined action of the protective layer and fluoride in promoting longer life cycles. Both fluoride in a protective film and free fluoride ions prevent LiF accumulation on the electrode, extending the life of the cathode material at high temperatures.
In this study, catalytic microcombustors are integrated with thermoelectrics to produce electricity. The devices are found to be robust, easy to start up, and able to support complete combustion over a range of fuels (e.g., C3H8/air and H2/air systems) at different flowrates. Various materials of construction for the microcombustors are investigated in order to yield good temperature uniformity, which is shown to increase electrical power output and efficiency. Electrical power generation from catalytic microcombustion with a thermal efficiency up to ∼0.8% is measured. Parameters affecting energy efficiency are also discussed.
This paper is a review of current concepts concerning the seismotectonics and seismicity in the Laptev Sea region. The chief feature of the region is a rift system extending in the shelf from the continental slope with the adjacent Gakkel Ridge to the mainland coast. There are several models to describe the present-day evolution of the region, but no one of these is preferable because of the lack of local instrumental observations of shelf microseismicity, while such microseismicity is characteristic of rift zones. One alternative approach consists in the installation of ocean bottom seismometers on the shelf itself. During the 73rd cruise of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, a temporary network was deployed consisting of 7 broadband bottom seismic stations on the Laptev Sea shelf. Comparative analysis of noise spectra based on records of a hydrophone, a bottom seismograph, and a wavegauge, showed that the noise amplitude strongly depends on wind waves, which is in turn dependent on marine ice cover, so that the recording potential of a local network of bottom seismographs is restricted to the winter period of observation.
To achieve carbon neutrality by 2025 the University of California, Davis (UCD) seeks to eliminate its dependence on fossil energy sources. This study outlines a methodology to identify optimal equipment phase-in and capacities, and the major technical and economic drivers influencing the implementation of a carbon-neutral energy system. The analysis, focused on UCD, considers solar photovoltaic and thermal, biomass combined heat and power, biomass boiler, heat pump and electric boiler as replacement systems. Three cases besides the baseline are presented: 1) biomass-based system, 2) combination of biomass and electrification, and 3) electrification. Analysis period spans 2016–2035, with equipment phasing limited to the 2020–2025 period, and capacity limited to the peak campus loads of 40 MWe for electricity and 80 MWt for thermal. Results indicate that balancing the supply-demand mismatch is the greatest challenge for high renewable penetration at UCD, thus making thermal storage and generation systems which can modulate with variable loads crucial. The cost of carbon credits offset has negligible influence in the results due to its low value in the present market. Relative to the baseline 20-yr present cost of $634M, the 3 alternate cases are projected to incur between $629M (Case 1) and $704M (Case 3).
Composite electrodes for supercapacitors are prepared via chemical polymerization of pyrrole (Py) on the surface of a porous graphite fiber matrix. The capacitance properties are investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), ac impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge tests. These electrodes show a specific capacitance of about 400Fg−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 96–99%. This indicates that the dipping method is quite suitable for the modification of carbon-based porous graphite fiber to improve the performance of electrodes which can be used in supercapacitors.
In this study, the effects of exposing the rotifer Philodina roseola to the pesticide carbofuran were investigated. Its range of sensitivity to potassium dichromate, the acute toxicity of active ingredient carbofuran and of carbofuran dosed as its commercial form, Furadan® 350 SC were determined. Chronic toxicity of carbofuran dosed as Furadan® 350 SC on P. roseola survival and fecundity were also studied. The sensitivity of P. roseola to K2Cr2O7 ranged from 29.52 to 64.67 mg L−1, averaging 47.10 mg L−1. The 48-h EC50 were 13.36 ± 2.63 mg L−1 for carbofuran and 89.32 ± 6.52 mg L−1 for commercial form. Chronic toxicity tests showed that the survival of this rotifer was not affected by the carbofuran dosed as Furadan®  350 SC at the concentrations tested and that at 1.56 and 3.12 mg L−1 their fecundity was higher than in the absence of this commercial product, characterizing the hormesis phenomenon. The sensitivity profile of several species to carbofuran indicated that P. roseola is more susceptible to this pesticide than the fish Clarias batrachus, the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the protozoan Paramecium caudatum and the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, although the acute toxicity of carbofuran dosed as Furadan® 350 SC to P. roseola is much lower than that of active ingredient carbofuran. The results also imply that the exacerbated use of pesticides and the constant, accelerated expansion of agricultural activity will make aquatic non-target species even more vulnerable. Furthermore, the relevant role of benthic organisms in aquatic environments justifies the inclusion of P. roseola and other benthic species in toxicity screening for risk assessment, regarding this environmental compartment.
We have investigated the possible effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the SEI film formation at the surface of a graphite composite electrode of LiCoO2/graphite cells. The electrode/electrolyte interface was analyzed by XPS at different potentials of the first electrochemical cycle, and after simple contact of the electrode with the electrolyte. We could evidence a specific reactivity of CMC towards the electrolyte (LiPF6 in a mixture of carbonate solvents), resulting in the formation of new species that contribute to the surface film composition. This result shows that the chemical reactivity of CMC towards the electrolyte takes part in the formation of the surface film, and contributes to the good properties of CMC as binder.
Complement activation is increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its significance is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between complement activation and cognition during the development of AD.
LiCoO2 composite electrodes are prepared with variation in the conducting agent and their cathodic performance is analyzed. Two carbon blacks (Super P and acetylene black) and one graphite (Lonza KS6) that differ in particle size and shape are employed as the conducting agents. The carbon blacks comprise nano-sized primary particles that are fused to give an aggregate. Lonza KS6 carries a flake-like shape with an average particle size of 6μm, which is comparable with that of LiCoO2 particles. The LiCoO2 composite cathode containing Lonza KS6 exhibits better cycle performance than that of the cathode loaded with carbon black, presumably due to a more uniform dispersion of both the conducting agent and the LiCoO2 active material. Better mixing in the slurry preparation step that is due to a similarity in the grain size of Lonza KS6 and LiCoO2 may explain this feature. In composite cathodes containing the smaller-sized carbon blacks, however, the carbon particles agglomerate by themselves to become segregated from the LiCoO2-rich region. The cathode capacity and cycle-life of a Lonza KS6 loaded electrode is improved further by adding smaller-sized carbon blacks as the conducting agents. It is expected that the smaller particles of carbon black fill the void spaces made by the larger-sized Lonza KS6 and LiCoO2 grains. As a result, both the electrode conductivity and active surface-area of the LiCoO2|carbon interface are enlarged. This leads to a decrease in the electrode polarization and a better utilization of the active material.
In this study we propose a virtual screening strategy based on the generation of a pharmacophore hypothesis, followed by an in silico evaluation of some ADME-TOX properties with the aim to apply it to the hit finding process and, specifically, to characterize new chemical entities with potential to control inflammatory processes mediated by T lymphocytes such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erithematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. As a result, three compounds with completely novel scaffolds were selected as final hits for future hit-to-lead optimization due to their anti-inflammatory profile. The biological results showed that the selected compounds increased the intracellular cAMP levels and inhibited cell proliferation in T lymphocytes. Moreover, two of these compounds were able to increase the production of IL-4, an immunoregulatory cytokine involved in the selective deviation of T helper (Th) immune response Th type 2 (Th2), which has been proved to have anti-inflammatory properties in several animal models for autoimmune pathologies as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Thus our pharmacological strategy has shown to be useful to find molecules with biological activity to control immune responses involved in many inflammatory disorders. Such promising data suggested that this in silico strategy might be useful as hit finding process for future drug development.
The partial and integral molar enthalpies of mixing of liquid Co–Li–Sn alloys were determined using drop calorimetry. The investigations were performed along six sections by the addition of lithium to mixtures with the compositions xCo
The cell cycle regulator CDK1 phosphorylates the acetyltransferase TIP60, which subsequently acetylates the mitotic regulator Aurora B to ensure chromosomal segregation. Aurora B acetylation prevents inactivation by PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation.
The microstructure of polymer electrolyte membranes plays a key role in ion conductivity and water transport. Herein, fluorinated poly(aryl ether)s with tetra-alkylsulfonate side chains (SFPAEs) have been successfully synthesized from the copolymerization of a newly developed tetra-allyl-containing bisphenol (TABP) monomer, followed by the thiol-ene addition with sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate to attach the ionic groups at the end of the flexible chains. Being the first of its kind, the densely distributed and lengthy alkylsulfonate group possesses the benefit of ease to self-assemble into hydrophilic domains during membrane preparation via solution casting. Indeed, the TEM characterizations revealed that distinct hydrophilic channels of ∼1 − 2 nm width had been formed, much larger than those of a home-made control sample where only di-alkylsulfonate side chains were attached. The SFPAE-4-45 with an IECw of 2.0 mmol g − 1 exhibited an enhanced proton conductivity of 143.7 mS cm−1 at room temperature, which was superior to that of Nafion 212 (91.0 mS cm−1). Furthermore, the oxidative stabilities of SFPAEs were significantly higher than those of non-fluorinated analogs in literature. This study offered a new route to engineering the pendent structure of ionomers for well-defined microscopic morphologies.
Layered graphene/manganese oxide (G/MnO2) nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications were prepared with a face-to-face electrostatic self-assembly method using high-quality graphene, which was obtained from the one-step electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The results reveal that the graphene and MnO2 nanaosheets need to be oppositely charged for the electrostatic self-assembly process. The face-to-face contact between the MnO2 nanosheets and graphene can effectively improve the conductivity of MnO2 and prevent the restacking and agglomeration of graphene. In addition, the composites exhibit an electrochemical-activation behavior, and the ratio of MnO2/graphene in composites significantly influences the electrochemical performance. The G-2/MnO2 composite displays a specific capacitance of 319Fg−1 at 0.2Ag−1, and only 4.4% of the capacitance degrades after 10,000 cycles, which demonstrates the composite's excellent cycle stability. Furthermore, the composite features a high energy density of 31.5Whkg−1 at a power density of 100Wkg−1. This attractive performance makes it a promising candidate as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Remarkably, although the graphene content in G-4/MnO2 composite is the same, the specific capacitance reduced to 186Fg−1 due to the different mixing times.
A low-cost, novel carbon-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen-doped carbon xerogel (N-CX) was synthesized via a sol–gel polymerization method followed by a pyrolysis process. The N-CX catalyst exhibited a high activity for ORR, and a good stability in acid media. A high performance with a maximum power density of 360 mW cm−2 was achieved on a single PEM fuel cell with N-CX as the cathode electrocatalyst.
The need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in energy generation has led to international and national bodies recommending and encouraging a series of policies and measures to boost so-called green energy generation and achieve sustainability in the energy sector. In order to assess the energy sustainability path of countries worldwide, we first propose a dynamic analysis of an energy sustainability index (ESI) based on the methodology of composite indicators built on a large dataset of 136 heterogeneous countries and 38 variables observed in 3 years (2000, 2005 and 2011). Second, to isolate the influence of socio-demographic and economic characteristics on the energy sustainability of countries, we perform quantile regression with clustered data. Our findings demonstrate that major changes are required in developing countries, where development is pursued mainly through the use of energy sources based on fossil fuels. To ensure access to sustainable energy, policy makers need to consider and improve the key factors according to the ESI’s quantiles. In particular, human development variables (i.e., life expectancy and the percentage of completed secondary schooling attained in the population) and the variables related to civil rights and institutions (e.g., percentage of women in national parliaments) are crucial in promoting energy sustainability. By contrast, high unemployment rates, high congestion costs and the continued use of highly polluting energy sources have the effect of reducing energy sustainability.
Working memory can be defined as the ability to hold in mind information in the face of potentially interfering distraction in order to guide behavior. The experimental manipulation of working memory tasks has shed considerable light on the probable structure of the human working memory system, and, to a lesser extent, the specific processes captured by working memory paradigms. However, individual differences research has also had a crucial role to play in the development of theories of working memory. In particular, correlational approaches have been particularly informative in three areas of working memory research, each of which is reviewed here. These are, first, the importance of working memory measures as correlates of high-level cognitive skills such as reading, mathematics, reasoning, and fluid intelligence; second, the extent to which human working memory relies on domain-general or domain-specific component subsystems, and third, the precise reasons why working memory measures do relate to other important indices of human cognitive functioning. The findings from each of these areas suggest that working memory depends on a combination of domain-specific representational systems and domain-general processing and control systems, and that working memory measures capture individuals’ ability to combine maintenance and processing demands in a manner that limits information loss from forgetting or distraction.
The Smart Grid is an advanced digital two-way power flow power system capable of self-healing, adaptive, resilient and sustainable with foresight for prediction under different uncertainties. In this paper, a survey on various Smart Grid enabling technologies, Smart Grid metering and communication, cloud computing in Smart Grid and Smart Grid applications are explored in detail. Opportunities and future of Smart Grid is also described in this paper. For Smart grid enabling technologies Smart meters, smart sensors, vehicle to grid, plug in hybrid electric vehicle technology, sensor and actuator networks are explored. Advanced metering infrastructure, intelligent electronic devices, phasor measurement units, wide area measurement systems, local area network, home access network, neighborhood area network, wide area networks and cloud computing are explored for Smart Grid metering and communication. Home and building automation, smart substation, feeder automation is explored for smart grid applications. Associations of initial studies for the next step in smart grid applications will provide an economic benefit for the authorities in the long term, and will help to establish standards to be compatible with every application so that all smart grid applications can be coordinated under the control of the same authorities. Therefore, this study is expected to be an important guiding source for researchers and engineers studying the smart grid. It also helps transmission and distribution system operators to follow the right path as they are transforming their classical grids to smart grids.
Solar energy and wind energy are the two most viable renewable energy resources in the world. Good compensation characters are usually found between solar energy and wind energy. This paper recommend an optimal design model for designing hybrid solar–wind systems employing battery banks for calculating the system optimum configurations and ensuring that the annualized cost of the systems is minimized while satisfying the custom required loss of power supply probability (LPSP). The five decision variables included in the optimization process are the PV module number, PV module slope angle, wind turbine number, wind turbine installation height and battery capacity. The proposed method has been applied to design a hybrid system to supply power for a telecommunication relay station along south-east coast of China. The research and project monitoring results of the hybrid project were reported, good complementary characteristics between the solar and wind energy were found, and the hybrid system turned out to be able to perform very well as expected throughout the year with the battery over-discharge situations seldom occurred.
A plate-like carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP/C) powder composed of nanoplates was synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The structure and electrochemical properties of the LVP/C are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling. This LVP/C electrode exhibits good rate performance at room temperature with a specific capacity of 113.8 and 128.8mAhg−1 at 6C rate in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3V and 3.0–4.8V, respectively. The sample also shows good cycling performance with 91.4% and 85% of capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1C rate. Even at −20°C, the plate-like LVP/C delivers a stable cycling performance with a specific capacity of 120.7mAhg−1, being 95.3% of the capacity at room temperature, and after 80 cycles, the capacity retention is 97.2%.