batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Localization of interictal cerebral dysfunction with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-D-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and neuropsychological examination usefully supplements electroencephalography (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in planning epilepsy surgery. In MRI-negative mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, correlation of temporal lobe hypometabolism with extracranial ictal EEG can support resection without prior intracranial EEG monitoring. In refractory localization-related epilepsies, hypometabolic sites may supplement other data in hypothesizing likely ictal onset zones in order to intracranial electrodes for ictal recording. Prognostication of postoperative seizure freedom with FDG PET appears to have greater positive than negative predictive value. Neuropsychological evaluation is critical to evaluating the potential benefit of epilepsy surgery. Cortical deficits measured with neuropsychometry are limited in lateralizing and localizing value for determination of ictal onset sites, however. Left temporal resection risks iatrogenic verbal memory deficits and dysnomia, and neuropsychological findings are useful in predicting those at greatest risk. Prognostication of cognitive risks with resection at other sites is less satisfactory.
Nanostructuring is an effective strategy to enhance the structural and cycling stability of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, a controllable and cost-effective method for synthesizing nanostructured silicon with various morphology is still a challenge. Herein, we synthesize zero-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional silicon nanostructures directly using low-cost and abundant clay minerals as precursors without any pretreatment and templates. Our results show that the morphology and microstructure of the resulting nanostructured silicon strongly depend on the architectural features of clay minerals, i.e., zero-dimensional silicon from palygorskite, two-dimensional silicon from montmorillonite, and three-dimensional silicon from halloysite. The silicon nanostructures show large specific surface area (over 80 m2 g−1) and hierarchical pore structure. As anodes in lithium-ion batteries, two-dimensional nanostructured silicon from montmorillonite exhibits the best electrochemical performance (i.e., 1369 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 78% over 200 cycles). This work provides a universal guideline from clay minerals to various silicon nanostructures via an economical and scalable strategy, and reveals the fundamental structure-property relationship of different silicon nanostructures synthesized under the same condition, which would contribute to the large-scale production of high-performance and low-cost silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries.
A technical simulation and economic model was developed for a floating photovoltaic (PV)-battery system powering a submerged light emitting diode (LED) lighting system. The system was designed to provide around the equivalent of 1000 lumens (lm) of light of the existing light fishing technology (a floating pressurised kerosene light) for artisanal light fishers to use for 8 h per night on Lake Victoria and other lakes in the region (Tanganyika, Rukwa, Mweru, Kivu, etc.). The net present cost (NPC) of a technically appropriate PV-battery-LED system was calculated as US$280 over 5 years, five-times less than the existing solar-based technology, a PV-battery-compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) system, and around ten times less than the baseline pressurised kerosene-based technology over the five years. Fishers owning the new PV-battery-LED system outright will likely recoup their initial investment within a year relative to the cost of alternatives, although the upfront capital cost of the new system was higher than the pressurised kerosene and PV-battery-CFL, and found to be practically unaffordable to the subsistence fishers without microcredit. Nonetheless, the technical simulations found that the new system was also able to provide additional lighting services during the day and evening, with little (if any) electrical impact on the system when in use for light fishing during the small hours of moonless nights. This research also demonstrates that the high cost of operating pressurised kerosene lamps precludes them for use in other applications within the community, including in homes. This research suggests that facilitated local development of appropriate new light fishing technology configurations will require training of local individuals to sensitise fishing communities to the new technology, and sustain wider adoption of the more efficient, cost-effective, and safer alternative.
Metal organic frameworks have attracted considerable interest as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. In this paper, the metal organic frameworks hydrated calcium terephthalate (CaC8H4O4·3H2O) and anhydrous calcium terephthalate (CaC8H4O4) as anodes for lithium ion batteries are comparatively studied. Crystallography and local chemical bond analysis are combined to interpret the structure-property of calcium terephthalates. Results show that the anhydrous CaC8H4O4 has a spacious ordered layer structure and a higher Ca-O chemical bonding interaction, delivering a higher capacity, better cycling performance and rate performance than CaC8H4O4·3H2O.
Sodium-selenium (Na–Se) batteries are attracting much attention because of their high energy density. However, their practical application is still restricted by rapid capacity fading resulting from the inferior electrode kinetics, low utilization of Se and enormous volumetric expansion. Herein, a jackfruit-like electrode is designed for advanced Na–Se batteries to solve these problems. The carbon nanorods are well-aligned to form a jackfruit-like design as the Se host. Thanks to the unique structure, many hollow nanochannels between nanorods are able to provide multifold pathways for Na-ions diffusion and electrolyte penetration. Moreover, the nanopores in carbon nanorods can provide adequate space to store Se and to buffer volumetric expansion during cycling. More importantly, the well-aligned carbon nanorods can enable a fast electron transfer to improve the utilization of Se. As a result, the jackfruit-like Se-carbon electrodes exhibit a high capacity of 616 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, outstanding rate capability and long cycling life up to 600 cycles at 2 C with a very low capacity decay of 0.066% per cycle.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized through simple microwave method are employed for supercapacitor studies. XRD analysis reveals the cubic phase of the synthesized nanoparticles. TEM image indicate uniform distribution of the nanoparticles. The blue shift of the band gap energy as obtained through optical absorption studies confirms the quantum confinement effect. PL spectra recorded at room temperature exhibit a broad emission in the UV/Violet region. Maximum specific capacitance of 519F/g was obtained from charge–discharge studies. After 1000 cycles of continuous charge–discharge cycles, only about 1.3% degradation in specific capacitance could be noticed. The microwave-assisted synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticle appears to be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor application.
As a novel catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), nitrogen-doped carbon xerogel was prepared via a sol-gel followed by the subsequent pyrolysis in ammonia atmosphere and post-treatment process. The resultant catalysts were characterized by BrunauereEmmetteTeller (BET), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and electrochemical measurements. The role of metal in the catalyst was studied by comparing catalytic activities of the catalysts with and without post-treatment. Results show that the catalyst with nitrogen doped on the surface possesses an amorphous microstructure. The catalysts with and without post-treatment showed almost the same ORR electrocatalytic activities, which clearly demonstrated the negligible influence of metal removal on ORR performance. The catalyst with post-treatment displayed comparable ORR activity to that of Pt/C in alkaline medium as well as superior stability. A maximum power density of 115mWcm−2 at 40 °C was achieved on the single cell with the as-prepared catalyst as cathode, demonstrating its application as promising alternative for Pt-based electrocatalysts in direct borohydride fuel cells.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important electrochemical reactions in energy conversion and storage technologies, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, the sluggish kinetics of the ORR is a key factor limiting the performance of these energy storage and conversion devices. Perovskite oxides are a promising family of electrocatalysts for the ORR because of their unique physical and chemical properties, such as variable crystal structure and non-stoichiometric chemistry. Studies have shown that the catalytic properties of perovskite oxides in the ORR are largely related to oxygen vacancies, which alter their electronic and crystal structures and surface chemistry. This review summarizes recent research advances on understanding the role of oxygen vacancies of the ABO3 perovskite oxides in catalyzing the ORR. With a brief introduction of perovskite oxides, approaches to creating oxygen vacancies in the ABO3 perovskite oxides and the role of oxygen vacancies in improving their catalytic performance for the ORR are discussed. Research perspectives in this important area are highlighted.
Combined electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and probe beam deflection (PBD) measurements on short time scales following the application of a potential step are presented. The procedure for evaluating the exchange of mobile species (ions and solvent) is illustrated by application of the combined technique to a poly(o-toluidine) (POT) film redox switching in aqueous HClO4 solutions. A comparison of the predicted PBD profiles calculated from the current and mass responses to that of the measured PBD signal, by temporal convolution analysis, enabled the contributions of anion (ClO4 −) and solvent (H2O) transfer at the first redox step to be discriminated quantitatively. The results are consistent with a mechanism where anion exchange involves a counter flux of solvent, and suggest that a film volume constraint is applicable on the time scale of the experiment. During oxidation and reduction, the EQCM indicates a non-equilibrium movement of anions, confirmed by convolution analysis of the associated current and deflection signals.
This paper reveals a novel Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 in situ coated with graphene-like carbon prepared by using liquid-polyacrylonitrile (LPAN) as the carbon source. The structure and electrochemical performance of graphene-like carbon coated Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 are investigated systematically. The results demonstrate that the graphene-like carbon are in situ coated tightly on the surface of Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 particles. The in-situ coating of graphene-like carbon significantly improves the electrochemical properties of cathode materials. The discharge capacity of cell made of 12wt% LPAN-coated Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 can reach 210mAhg−1 and the capacity retention is close to 100% after 50 cycles at 0.1C. The cyclic voltammgram and electrochemical impedance spectra analyses further demonstrate that the improved electrochemical performance of LPAN-coated Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 cathode materials is attributed to the graphene-like carbon in situ coating, which can protect the cathode directly contact with the electrolyte. Therefore, the Li-rich layered Li[Li0.1Ni0.45Mn0.45]O2 in situ coated with graphene-like carbon is a very good promise cathode material for advanced LIB with high capacity and good stability.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in response inhibition, response execution, and emotion regulation. However, the nature of the associations among these deficits remains unclear. Thus, this study examines these associations using a multi-method design. One hundred sixty-six children (aged 5–13 years; 66.3% male; 75 with ADHD) completed two conditions (i.e., neutral and fear) of an emotional go/no-go task. Parasympathetic-based regulation was indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and sympathetic-based reactivity was indexed via cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP). Overall, children exhibited more difficulty with response execution (i.e., more omission errors, fewer correct go responses) and less difficulty with response inhibition (i.e., fewer commission errors, more correct no-go responses) during the fear condition than the neutral condition. Children with ADHD displayed more difficulty with response execution during the fear condition compared to typically developing youth. Additionally, children with ADHD displayed parasympathetic-based dysregulation (i.e., RSA increase from baseline) and reduced sympathetic-based reactivity (i.e., PEP lengthening) compared to typically developing youth across task conditions. In sum, children with ADHD demonstrate greater difficulty with response execution during emotionally salient contexts, as well as parasympathetic-based emotion dysregulation. Future work should examine these associations longitudinally with the aim of predicting impairment and treatment response in youth with ADHD.
Ni-rich cathode materials have received much attention because of their high specific capacity, low cost and environmentally friendly characteristic. However, the nickel-rich cathode is extremely sensitive to moisture, which results in poor structure stability and electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient and simple route to prolong the lifetime of nickel-rich cathode by introducing a low-temperature dehydratable molecular sieve as water scavenger. The residual water content in electrolyte measurement and nuclear magnetic resonance test manifest that molecular sieve can effectively fix the trace H2O and reduce the decomposition rate of electrolyte from 16.6% to 4.0%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the molecular sieve inhibits the fragmentation of the electrode and the side reactions on the surface of the cathode. This approach improves structural integrity and stabilizes surface structure of the cathode, which increases the capacity retention without sacrificing rate performance. This effective strategy can be extended to other cathode materials which are sensitive to moisture to realize good cycling stability.
Reinforcing steel corrosion is a significant factor leading to the durability deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The on-line monitoring of the corrosion of RC structures in a long-term, human-free manner is not only valuable in industry, but also a significant challenge in academia. This paper presents the first of its kind corrosion-monitoring approach that only exploits three heterogeneous tiny energy sources to power commercial-off-the-shelf wireless sensor motes such that the corrosion-related data are automatically and autonomously captured and sent to users via wireless channels. We first investigated the availability of these three tiny energy sources: corrosion energy, a cement battery, and a weak solar energy. In particular, the two former energy sources inherently exist in RC structures and can be generated continually in the service-life of RC structures, which beneficial for the prospects of long-term corrosion monitoring. We then proposed a proof-of-concept prototype, which consisted of a Telosb wireless sensor mote and an energy harvester in order to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ultralow-power ambient energy as a type of power supply in corrosion monitoring applications. The critical metrics for the holographic monitoring of RC structures, including electrochemical noise, humidity and temperature, were successfully acquired and analysed using a post-processing program. This paper describes a unique and novel approach towards the realisation of smart structural monitoring and control system in the practical engineering.
A new approach for optimal combinations of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) is proposed, for diesel-free remote communities and related decision-making problems. The objective of the design is to satisfy the load with total cost’s minimization considering related constraints, where all analytical equations are given. The proposed system is a DC configuration for renewable energy integration in which Wind Turbines (WTs) are connected to the DC bus and the battery system removes the fluctuations in the DC bus. The WT is assumed to be well controlled to obtain the power curve and provide proper electricity to the grid. It is found that WT and Photovoltaic (PV) systems should be considered simultaneously on diesel-free generation islands to achieve a reliable and optimized configuration. A novel strategy is introduced for determining the range of batteries, which can be determined using the renewable energy potential to satisfy the load. It is also demonstrated that WTs are an essential power component in real HRES installations. It is illustrated that the range of WT operation must be first taken into account in real installations. Increasing WT fraction from an initial value, for instance 8%, to a desired value of about 33%, can lead to significant reductions in total cost as well as in the number of PV systems and batteries, even if the WT cost is significantly higher than that of PVs. A WT fraction higher than approximately 50% should not be considered. Finally, discussions are extended to consider the optimum WT fraction in a HRES.
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly evolved over the past decade to become a photovoltaic technology on the cusp of commercialization. In the process, numerous fabrication strategies have been explored with the goal of simultaneously optimizing for device efficiency, stability, and scalability. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have proven to be effective tools for the fabrication of various components of PSCs. This review article examines the application of ALD and CVD for the deposition and modification of charge transport layers, passivation layers, absorber materials, encapsulants, and electrodes. It outlines the use of these vapor deposition techniques in state-of-the-art, multi-junction solar cell devices, and also contains a discussion of the stability of metal halide perovskite materials under ALD and CVD conditions based on in situ characterization reported in literature. This article concludes with insights into future ALD and CVD research directions that could be undertaken to further aid the deployment of PSCs in emerging solar photovoltaic markets.
Design/fabrication of advanced electrodes with tailored functionality is critical for the development of advanced electrochemical devices. Herein, we report a powerful strategy for construction of high-quality cobalt sulfide (CoS)/Ni core-branch arrays via combined methods of hydrothermal and electro-deposition. Electrodeposited thin porous Ni branch is successfully decorated on the CoS nanowires arrays with the help of hydrothermal ZnO nanorods template. Enhanced mechanical stability and improved ion/electron transfer characteristics are achieved in this composite system. As compared to the pure CoS nanowires arrays, the CoS/Ni core-branch arrays show enhanced electrochemical performance with lower polarization, better high-rate capability and superior cycling life. A high capacity of 605mAhg−1 at 2C and 371mAhg−1 at 6C is obtained in the composite core-branch system, respectively. Our developed electrode design protocol can be applicable for fabrication of other advanced metal sulfides electrodes for applications in solar cells, batteries and supercapacitors.
The aims of this study are to compare serum ubiquinone levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with healthy controls and to investigate the correlation between ubiquinone levels of children with ADHD and their ADHD symptoms. Twenty-seven children who are 6–12 years old age with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder having clinically normal intelligence and 23 children with clinically normal intelligence and no psychiatric disorder of similar age and sex who referred to Ankara University School of Medicine Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry were included in this study. All children were diagnosed by same researcher using the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Scale for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview for School Children-Now and for the Life-Long Version (K-SADS-PL). Parents and teachers of the children completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised Long Form (CPRS-LF) and Conners Teacher Rating Scale Revised Long Form (CTRS-LF). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the age, gender, and sociodemographic data of the groups. Serum ubiquinone levels of the ADHD group were significantly lower than the control group. We did not find any correlation between ubiquinone levels and clinical values. Since ubiquinone levels are lower in children with ADHD compared with controls, we suggest that decreased antioxidant levels may play a role in ADHD pathogenesis by disrupting oxidative balance.
The influence of the binder types on the electrochemical characteristics of the tin nanoparticle negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the initial capacity and the cyclic retention of the tin electrode using carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder are better than those of using polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder. Moreover, the cycle performance is further enhanced by the addition of acetylene black into the electrodes using the carboxymethyl cellulose binder. The good capacity retention in the subsequent cycles may be attributed to the formed branch-like structure on the surface of the tin nanoparticles during cycling.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (van Hall) Snyder & Hansen is an important pathogen of pea that causes wilt. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SS14 as an antifungal agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi in Pisum sativum L. The bacterial strain P. aeruginosa SS14 was isolated from crude oil contaminated soil and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The biosurfactant was characterized as rhamnolipid by FTIR and LC–MS analyses. Treatment of pea seeds and seedlings under natural conditions of light, temperature and humidity with the rhamnolipid at a concentration of 25 µg ml−1 prior to sowing or planting in pathogen laden soil resulted in complete suppression of characteristic wilt symptoms. The results demonstrate the possibility to develop a sustainable and eco-friendly control measure against F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi which is currently not available.