batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Power networks are deeply changing in recent years due to the rapid deployment of renewable energies and a growing worldwide energy demand. Energy storage systems are promising technologies to provide electric networks with ancillary services. Currently, only few data referred to batteries operation in power network ancillary services utilization are available. This could limit the evaluation of battery technologies in relation to those applications. Li-Titanate technology is characterized by a high specific power, long lifetime, and it guarantees high safety in stressful conditions. In this framework, the performance of a Li-Titanate battery module, subjected to a Primary Frequency Control (PFC) cycle, was studied. This paper reports the results coming from the testing campaign, where Li-Titanate battery demonstrated no degradation after 250 test days. Due to the module low energy content with respect the PFC profile, the battery resulted discharged two times per day. Therefore, a numerical tool was developed in order to obtain a valid instrument for optimal design in relation to PFC application and for simulating Li-Titanate battery module behavior.
Fatigue is a frequent and debilitating symptom in patients with central nervous system diseases. Up to 90% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from fatigue that drastically affects the quality of life. MS patients also complain of anxiety and depressive symptoms and these three manifestations tend to cluster together in this clinical population. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, on fatigue as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Eleven fatigued MS patients randomly received two blocks (active and sham tDCS) of five consecutive daily sessions of bifrontal tDCS (anode/cathode over the left/right prefrontal cortices, respectively) in a crossover manner, separated by a 3-week washout interval. Evaluation took place at day 1, day 5 (right after each block) and 1 week later. Active but not sham tDCS resulted in a significant improvement of fatigue at day 5 (p < 0.05), an effect that seems to last at least 1 week following the stimulation (p = 0.05). Active tDCS also significantly improved anxiety symptoms, but the effect emerged 1 week later (p < 0.05). No significant effects were obtained regarding depression (p > 0.05). Bifrontal tDCS seems to modulate fatigue in PwMS. The observed anxiolytic effects could constitute delayed after effects of tDCS or might be mediated by fatigue improvement. These findings merit to be addressed in large-scale controlled trials.
TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) sensitized with Co-doped CdSe quantum dots (Co-CdSe QDs) were synthesized through an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. Crystallinity and morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Atomic composition was investigated using an energy dispersive spectrometer. Vibration features and phonon modes were confirmed with a Raman spectrometer. Chemical composition and electronic structure were analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical behavior was measured with an electrochemical workstation under 300 W Xe lamp irradiation at room temperature. Results indicated the excellent stability and photoelectrochemical performance of the prepared samples. Compared with TiO2 NTs (0.06 mA cm−2), CdSe QD-sensitized TiO2 NTs (CdSe/TiO2 NTs) exhibited higher photoresponse (0.305 mA cm−2), whereas Co10at.%–CdSe QD-sensitized TiO2 NTs (Co10.at.%–CdSe/TiO2 NTs) showed the highest photoresponse with a stable photocurrent density up to 0.47 mA cm−2.
The effective implementation and development of conservation schemes to which participation of forest owners is voluntary, requires an understanding of forest owners’ views on measures to safeguard forest biodiversity. The Forest Biodiversity Program for Southern Finland is currently the most important instrument of voluntary forest conservation in Finland. The aim of this study is to explore what kind of methods the forest owners are willing to implement to safeguard biodiversity in their own forests and to identify forest owner groups based on these views. The aim is also to compare forest owners’ values, attitudes, endorsement of an ecological worldview and objectives for forest ownership as well as the background characteristics in these groups. The data were collected in 2015, by a nationwide mail survey sent to 3000 Finnish family forest owners (n = 1035). Five forest owner types were identified: Conservationists, Moderate conservationists, Compensation oriented, Promoters of biodiversity through forest management and Uninterested. Previous experience of implementation of voluntary measures to safeguard biodiversity and positive attitudes towards conservation were important in explaining the willingness to adopt conservation measures. The results can be utilized in developing voluntary conservation programs and in targeting advisory services related to biodiversity protection to different forest owner groups more accurately. The results support the need for flexible voluntary conservation programs, including a large variety of mechanisms to protect nature values in family owned forests.
In the booming research on the environmental footprint of, for example, electrical vehicles, heat pumps and other (smart) electricity consuming appliances, there is a clear need to know the hourly CO2 content of one kWh of electricity. Since the CO2 footprint of electricity can vary every hour; the footprint of for example an electric vehicle is influenced by the time when the vehicle is charged. With the availability of the hourly CO2 content of one kWh, a decision support tool is provided to fully exploit the advantages of a future smart grid. In this paper, the GWP (Global Warming Potential) per kWh for each hour of the year is calculated for Belgium using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This enables evaluating the influence of the electricity demand on the greenhouse gas emissions. Because of the LCA approach, the CO2 equivalent content does not only reflect activities related to the production of the electricity within a power plant, but includes carbon emissions related to the building of the infrastructure and the fuel supply chain. The considered feedstocks are nuclear combustible, oil, coal, natural gas, biowaste, blast furnace gas, and wood. Furthermore, renewable electricity production technologies like photovoltaic cells, hydro installations and wind turbines are covered by the research. The production of the wind turbines and solar panels is more carbon intensive (expressed per generated kWh of electricity) than the production of other conventional power plants, due to the lower electricity output. The overall average GWP per kWh is 0.184kg CO2eq/kWh. Throughout the 2011 this value ranges from a minimum of 0.102kg CO2eq/kWh to a maximum of 0.262kg CO2eq/kWh depending on the timing.
A redox flow cell utilizing the Fe2+/Fe3+ and H2/H+ couples is investigated as an energy-storage device. A conventional polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell anode and membrane design is employed, with a cathode containing a carbon porous electrode flooded with iron chloride in an aqueous acidic solution. Foam, paper, and fabric carbon electrodes are studied, and it is found that SGL Sigracet 10AA carbon paper provides the best performance. This carbon paper is then impregnated with a wide variety of carbon powders, and it is found that none improve performance significantly, with several reducing it. Membranes of varying thickness and composition are studied, and there is a trade-off between charge/discharge performance and self-discharge. It is found that the concentration of HCl supporting electrolyte has a dramatic impact on charging performance and OCV. Charge currents in excess of 1 A cm−2 are achieved for 4 and 6 M HCl. The maximum discharge power density, 257 mW cm−2, is achieved for 0.9 M iron chloride with 0.9 M HCl.
The establishment of Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, has been connected to a > 90% decline in the mesomammal population in the park and is a major threat to native reptile and bird populations. Efforts to control this population are underway, but are hampered by a lack of information about fine-scale activity cycles and ecology of these cryptic animals in the wild. We aimed to establish a technique for monitoring the activity of Burmese pythons in the wild using acceleration data loggers (ADLs), while attempting to identify any behavioral patterns that could be used to help manage this invasive species in the Greater Everglades and South Florida.
Two differently-structured layer-built cells have been fabricated using screen-printed LiMn2O4 and metallic Li as the electrodes, and PEO-based polymer electrolytes. Two-cathode layer-built cells (cathode/electrolyte/anode/electrolyte/cathode) and two-anode layer-built cells (anode/electrolyte/cathode/electrolyte/anode) were prepared for this study. To evaluate the layer-built cells, electrochemical cycling and ac impedance test have been performed. Of the cells tested, the layer-built cells showed improvements in polarization losses.
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their caregivers are at risk for emotional distress and hypercortisolism. Expressive writing is an effective complementary intervention to ameliorate the psychological and physiological effects of chronic illness. This pilot study aimed to evaluate feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an expressive writing intervention for individuals with PD and their caregivers.
Some episodes of learning are easier than others. Preschoolers can learn certain facts, such as “my grandmother gave me this purse,” only after one or two exposures (easy to learn; fast mapping), but they require several years to learn that plants are alive or that the sun is not alive (hard to learn). One difference between the two kinds of knowledge acquisition is that hard cases often require conceptual construction, such as the construction of the biological concept alive, whereas easy cases merely involve forming new beliefs formulated over concepts the child already has (belief revision, a form of knowledge enrichment). We asked whether different domain-general cognitive resources support these two types of knowledge acquisition (conceptual construction and knowledge enrichment that supports fast mapping) by testing 82 6-year-olds in a pre-training/training/post-training study. We measured children’s improvement in an episode involving theory construction (the beginning steps of acquisition of the framework theory of vitalist biology, which requires conceptual change) and in an episode involving knowledge enrichment alone (acquisition of little known facts about animals, such as the location of crickets’ ears and the color of octopus blood). In addition, we measured children’s executive functions and receptive vocabulary to directly compare the resources drawn upon in the two episodes of learning. We replicated and extended previous findings highlighting the differences between conceptual construction and knowledge enrichment, and we found that Executive Functions predict improvement on the Vitalism battery but not on the Fun Facts battery and that Receptive Vocabulary predicts improvement the Fun Facts battery but not on the Vitalism battery. This double dissociation provides new evidence for the distinction between the two types of knowledge acquisition, and bears on the nature of the learning mechanisms involved in each.
Hierarchical hollow CuS@MoS2 microcbues are prepared via an effective strategy. The synthesis mechanism of hollow CuS@MoS2 microcubes is based on the transformation from Cu2O to CuS and the precipitation formation of MoS2 at the same time. The hollow microspheres are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. CuS@MoS2 hollow microcbues can deliver a reversible specific capacity of 912mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at a specific density of 500mAg−1, and maintain good rate capability from 500 to 4000mAg−1. This hollow frame contributes greatly for the alleviation of mechanical stress during electrochemical cycling, and buffers volume change of active materials. Meanwhile, hollow structure shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions, and thus is beneficial for its rate performance. Furthermore, hybrid materials are also a valid way to improve the electrochemical property of transition metals sulfides. Therefore, the prepared CuS@MoS2 microcubes present enhanced electrochemical performance. The reported strategy is general, fast and can also be possibly applied for the fabrication of other advanced hollow materials used in the energy and environmental filed.
The vehicular cloud can be made more reliable by having minimum number of vehicles and their accessibility of the vehicles in the given lane; in addition reliability can also be made using the function called movement of vehicles. The number of vehicles present in the area determines the task that can be accessed in the area and with the help of travelling time of the vehicles the validity of the lane can be determined. In this paper, a research is carried based on the stochastic investigation on the some of attributes of traffic with the help of cloud in street portion to accept the necessary attribute prototypes. In this paper two types of activity is done, first one is free flow movement of vehicle and second one is queuing- up activity. For the first activity, a noticeable traffic model is used to find the free flow movement of the vehicle and some parameters like activity thickness, living time and quantity of vehicles. In case of second activity queuing up model is used to find queue flow and parameters like length of line and time in the line are found. The research outcome will be given to all peoples in road traffic and traffic is the problem in many developed countries and they can be free from traffic. This model suggests an alternate route for the user which is free from traffic.
White matter integrity in aging populations is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline, dementia diagnosis, and mortality. Population-based data can elucidate this association.
Publisher Summary Man is capable of performing additional energy conversion processes by means of various devices invented. Such devices may be classified according to the type of construction used, according to the underlying physical or chemical principle, or according to the forms of energy appearing before and after the action of the device. This chapter surveys methods that may be suitable for the conversion of renewable energy flows or stored energy. A discussion of general conversion principles outlines engineering design details for specific energy conversion devices, ordered according to the energy form being converted and the energy form obtained. If the high-quality energy form desired is electricity, and the initial energy is in the form of heat, there is a possibility of utilizing direct conversion processes, rather than first using a thermodynamic engine to create mechanical work followed by a second conversion step using an electricity generator. The conversion of heat to shaft power or electricity is generally achieved by one of the thermodynamic cycles. Photo-electrochemistry is an area of confluence between solar cell technologies. This chapter describes a number of general principles that are of use in designing actual conversion devices primarily those aimed at utilizing the renewable flows of energy.
This article reports the use of crystalline nickel phosphate/carbon fibres (NiPh/CFs) nanocomposite as an electrode material for pseudocapacitor applications. The NiPh particles are synthesised by a cost-effective one-pot method, which is based on refluxing nickel and phosphate precursors at 90 °C. The crystallinity and structural morphologies of the synthesised particles are characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Also, the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms are recorded. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method is used to calculate the specific surface area. The electrochemical performances of pristine NiPh and NiPh/CFs composite electrodes are investigated in an alkaline solution of 0.5 M of KOH. The specific capacitances were calculated using cyclic voltammograms at a potential scan rate of 100 mV s− 1. For the pristine electrode, the calculated specific capacitance was 4.3 F g− 1 and for the composite NiPh/CFs electrode, it was 699.2 F g− 1. The significant improvement in the performance is attributed to the high surface area and enhanced electronic conductivity of the NiPh/CFs composite electrode. Also, the composite electrode shows outstanding stability and delivers 1000 cycles with excellent capacitance retention.
It stands to reason: When we take control of our camera we take control of our storytelling. If we're a singer, we modulate the tone and timbre of our voice. If we're a writer, we temper our choice of words and phrases, and if we're a shooter, we control our images’ look and feel.
The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Pain acceptance is the process of giving up the struggle with pain and learning to live a worthwhile life despite it. The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) is the questionnaire most often used to measure pain acceptance in chronic pain populations.
Increasing the volumetric energy of carbon-based supercapacitors is of practical importance for the advancement of high-powered energy storage. Herein, we use the gases evolved from polytetrafluoroethylene pyrolysis at 800 °C to fluorine-dope an activated carbon, and directly synthesize a fluorine-doped highly porous graphite in the same environment. As supercapacitor materials in organic electrolyte, both resultant fluorine-doped carbons outperform their non-doped counterparts, delivering up to 40% gain in cell volumetric energy at high power cycling. F-doping increases volumetric capacitance (F cm−3) via increase in “real” areal capacity (uF cm−2) and/or increase in “real” volumetric surface area (m2 cm−3), and increases electron conductivity. Considering current collector and separator volume fractions, cells containing the fluorine-doped activated carbon electrode films of 100 and 50 μm deliver an impressive 12.9 Wh L−1 at 0.1 kW L−1 and 6.7 Wh L−1 at 2.15 kW L−1 respectively. We conclude that the gas-based F-doping method affords an effective and less hazardous route to produce fluorine-doped carbons for increased volumetric energy storage.
The development of a method for synthesizing granulated silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO x NPG) via a thermal plasma and water granulation process and determination of the optimum stoichiometry of silicon oxide (SiO x ) for achieving high electrochemical performance of an anode based on the developed material are presented herein. The structure of the SiO x NPGs was confirmed by means of X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A high initial capacity of ∼1196 mA·h·g-1 was achieved using the fabricated SiO x anode with x ∼1.06, giving rise to a Coulombic efficiency of 75% after the first cycle. Further combination of SiO x with graphite (3 wt%) for use as an anode gave rise to high capacity (397 mA·h·g-1) and a very high Coulombic efficiency of 99.99% after 200 cycles. The physical properties of the synthesized materials were investigated based on micrometric analysis. On the basis of the volume expansion and cycle capacity, the optimal oxygen ratio of SiO x was determined to be x ∼1.06.
The aim of this study was to develop a dilution system which would permit the TSI 3007 condensation particle counter (CPC) to operate within its maximum detectable concentration threshold, even when sampling extremely high submicron particle concentrations. The intention of this was to provide a better alternative to coincidence correction factors, which have several limitations; the most significant of which being that they are only applicable to a comparatively low concentration and also that the components of the unit are exposed to concentrations beyond their operating specifications. To achieve the aim, a bifurcation-based system was developed and tested repeatedly at concentrations of unleaded petrol combustion particles up to ∼8.5×106 pcm−3. The benchmark particle concentration was measured by a TSI 3022A CPC. The results of the tests showed that the nominal dilution ratio based on flow partitioning was applicable up to ∼3.5×105 pcm−3, after which particle losses to a capillary tube primarily caused a large increase in apparent dilution. These losses were consistent throughout all tests and allowed the unit to remain below the maximum detection threshold, even under the extreme challenge concentrations encountered. This work represents a useful extension of the operating range of the TSI 3007, without significantly compromising either the quality of data collected or the internal components of the unit.
In this paper, we propose a method for enriching product catalogs, which traditionally include only objective data provided by manufacturers or retailers, with subjective information extracted from reviews written by customers. Our method was designed to associate opinions taken from reviews with the product attributes they refer to. This is done by matching aspect expression identified in opinions with attributes from the product, which we model here as aspect classes. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we executed an extensive experimental evaluation that revealed that customers frequently mention aspects related to product attributes in their reviews. The attributes often receive more mentions than the product itself. Our method consistently reached almost 0.7 of F1 measure in the task of associating the opinion with the correct attribute (or with the product as a whole), across four product categories, in two different scenarios. These results significantly improved the results achieved by a representative baseline.
In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterisation of novel methacrylic based polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium batteries. The method adopted for preparing the solid polymer electrolyte was the UV-curing process, which is well known for being easy, low cost, fast and reliable. It consists of a free radical photo polymerisation of poly-functional monomers: Bisphenol A ethoxylate (15 EO/phenol) dimethacrylate (BEMA) was chosen, as it can readily form flexible 3D networks and has long poly-ethoxy chains which can enhance the movement of Li+-ions inside the polymer matrix. The preliminary results reported here refer to systems where LiPF6 solutions swelled the preformed polymer membranes. The tests on the conductivity, stability and cyclability of the membranes put in evidence the importance of the polymerisation in presence of mono-methacrylates acting as reactive diluents. Good values of ionic conductivity have been found, especially at ambient temperature. Much better results can be expected by choosing an appropriate mono-methacrylate to modify the polymeric membrane properties and by modifying the methodology of Li+-ions incorporation inside the polymer matrix.