batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The mechanisms of reactions occurring during deoxygenation of esters on Pt and intermetallic Pt–Sn catalysts (hydrodeoxygenation (stepwise and concerted mechanisms); reactions starting with C–C, C–O, or C–H bond cleavage or simultaneous cleavage of C–O and C–H bonds; and ester pyrolysis) were studied by the density functional theory. The computations showed that on Pt and Pt–Sn intermetallics with low tin contents, the activation barriers of reactions occurring without carbon mass loss on formation of carbon oxides and methane were comparable to the activation barriers of cracking reactions leading to this loss. As the Sn content in the intermetallics increased, the activation barriers increased significantly for the cracking reactions, but insignificantly for the reactions occurring without carbon mass loss. This probably explains the observed high selectivity of Pt–Sn (1 : 5) bimetallic catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of esters and triglycerides.
In many countries, the need for physical therapists to use standardised measures has been recognised and is recommended in clinical practice guidelines. Research has shown a lack of clinimetric knowledge and clinical application of measurement instruments in daily practice may hamper implementation of these guidelines.
Purpose To evaluate the relative contribution of methamphetamine production-related accidents to facial and ocular injuries admitted to a regional burn unit. Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods Chart review of all patients admitted to the Burn Unit at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC) over a 16-month interval. Results Methamphetamine related accidents were responsible for thirteen (9.8%) of 132 patients admitted with facial burns to UIHC during the study period. All victims were male. In addition to facial burns, eight patients (14 eyes) suffered chemical or thermal burns of the ocular surface of Hughes grade I or worse. One patient required full-thickness skins grafts for cicatricial ectropion of all four eyelids. Conclusion In endemic areas such as Iowa, methamphetamine production accidents contribute to as many as 10% of admissions to burn care units for facial and ocular injuries.
The power battery system is the core for electric vehicles, which is composed by hundreds or thousands of cells in series and parallel generally. Cells have inherent inconsistency because of slight deviations and uncertain factors in their production process. And they work in the complicated charge and discharge environment for a long time, so their inconsistency will be further aggravated to greatly reduce the available capacity and shorten the service life. There is an urgent need to establish an evaluation mechanism for the inconsistency of batteries to provide the gist for the high-efficiency and reliable management. The test platform and scheme are built to obtain accurate data. And a comprehensive evaluation method for battery inconsistency is proposed based on the information entropy. Taking the capacity, internal resistance and the ratio of constant current charge capacity to constant voltage charge capacity as evaluation factors, the inconsistency of the battery pack composed of twelve cells is analyzed comprehensively. Experimental results show that the method can scientifically evaluate the inconsistency of the battery pack in different life and has wide adaptability.
Discharge by a surface route at the cathode of an aprotic metal-O2 battery typically results in surface passivation by the non-conducting oxide product. This leads to low capacity and early cell death. Here we investigate the cathode discharge reaction in the potassium-O2 battery and demonstrate that discharge by a surface route is not limited to growth of thin (<10 nm) metal oxide layers. Electrochemical analysis and in situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the product of the cathode reaction is a combination of KO2 and K2O2, depending on the applied potential. Use of the low donor number solvent, acetonitrile, allows us to directly probe the surface route. Rotating ring-disk electrode, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and scanning electron microscope characterisations clearly demonstrate the formation of a thick >1 μm product layer, far in excess of that possible in the related lithium-O2 battery. These results demonstrate a high-capacity surface route in a metal-O2 battery for the first time and the insights revealed here have significant implications for the design of the K-O2 battery.
This study reports for the first time a selective impairment for simple addition in patient FS. Moreover, patient VP presented with a selective impairment for simple multiplication and patient DT with a selective impairment for simple subtraction. These findings are discussed in the context of two of the most influential models for the organisation of arithmetical facts in memory (Dehaene and Cohen, 1995, 1997, and Dagenbach and McCloskey, 1992). Dehaene and Cohen (1995, 1997) have proposed that dissociation between arithmetical facts result from a selective impairment to two different types of processing: rote verbal memory for multiplication and simple addition vs. quantity processing for subtraction and division. Dagenbach and McCloskey (1992) suggest dissociation between arithmetical facts result from a selective damage to segregated memory networks specific for each operation. We will argue that our findings are problematic for Dehaene's model and in good accord with McCloskey's view.
Lithium-ion batteries experiences impedance rise and therefore power fade during aging. Current understanding toward the impedance rise is yet qualitative, leaving quantification of multiple contributions a challenging gap. To fill in this gap, we combine the distribution of relaxation times method and physics-based modeling to analyze the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of lithium-ion batteries aged by cycling at 45 °C. We find that the oft-neglected low-frequency diffusion is the largest sole source to the impedance rise. Furthermore, thanks to the advanced physics-based impedance model, we distinguish electrolyte- and solid-phase diffusion, identifying that the former dominates over the latter. This piece of understanding implies novel insights into improving battery lifetime, and the methodology developed is flexible to other battery chemistries.
Lithium (Li) metal is a promising anode for high-performance secondary lithium batteries with high energy density due to its highest theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential among anode materials. However, the dendritic growth and detrimental reactions with electrolyte during Li plating raise safety concerns and lead to premature failure. Herein, we report that a homogeneous nanocomposite protective layer, prepared by uniformly dispersing AlPO4 nanoparticles into the vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene matrix, can effectively prevent dendrite growth and lead to superior cycling performance due to synergistic influence of homogeneous Li plating and electronic insulation of polymeric layer. The results reveal that the protected Li anode is able to sustain repeated Li plating/stripping for > 750 cycles under a high current density of 3 mA cm−2 and a renders a practical specific capacity of 2 mAh cm−2. Moreover, full-cell Li-ion battery is constructed by using LiFePO4 and protected Li as a cathode and anode, respectively, rendering a stable capacity after 400 charge/discharge cycles. The current work presents a promising approach to stabilize Li metal anodes for next-generation Li secondary batteries.
Alginic acid-derived mesoporous carbonaceous materials (Starbon® A800 series) were investigated as negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. To this extent, a set of mesoporous carbons with different pore volume and electronic conductivity was tested. The best electrochemical performance was obtained for A800 with High Pore Volume (A800HPV), which displays both the highest pore volume (0.9 cm3 g−1) and the highest electronic conductivity (84 S m−1) of the tested materials. When compared to a commercial mesoporous carbon, A800HPV was found to exhibit both better long-term stability, and a markedly improved rate capability. The presence of a hierarchical interconnected pore network in A800HPV, accounting for a high electrolyte accessibility, could lay at the origin of the good electrochemical performance. Overall, the electronic conductivity and the mesopore size appear to be the most important parameters, much more than the specific surface area. Finally, A800HPV electrodes display similar electrochemical performance when formulated with or without added conductive additive, which could make for a simpler and more eco-friendly electrode processing.
An LiMn2O4 electrode was prepared based on mixed-metals (gold–titanium) codeposition method. By this method, titanium oxide is also incorporated into the electroactive film formed on substrate electrode. Formation of titanium oxide on the spinel surface avoids dissolution of Mn from the spinel at elevated temperatures. TiO2 can act as a bridge between the spinel particles to reduce the interparticle resistance and as a good material for the Li intercalation/deintercalation. Thus, electrochemical performance of the LiMn2O4 spinel can be improved by the surface modification with TiO2. This action improves cyclability for lithium battery performance and reduces capacity fades of LiMn2O4 at elevated temperatures.
Dementia is a frequent problem encountered in advanced stages of Parkinson disease (PD). In recent years, research has focused on the pre-dementia stages of cognitive impairment in PD, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Several longitudinal studies have shown that MCI is a harbinger of dementia in PD, although the course is variable, and stabilization of cognition — or even reversal to normal cognition — is not uncommon. In addition to limbic and cortical spread of Lewy pathology, several other mechanisms are likely to contribute to cognitive decline in PD, and a variety of biomarker studies, some using novel structural and functional imaging techniques, have documented in vivo brain changes associated with cognitive impairment. The evidence consistently suggests that low cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-β42, a marker of comorbid Alzheimer disease (AD), predict future cognitive decline and dementia in PD. Emerging genetic evidence indicates that in addition to the APOE*ε4 allele (an established risk factor for AD), GBA mutations and SCNA mutations and triplications are associated with cognitive decline in PD, whereas the findings are mixed for MAPT polymorphisms. Cognitive enhancing medications have some effect in PD dementia, but no convincing evidence that progression from MCI to dementia can be delayed or prevented is available, although cognitive training has shown promising results.
We report an anhydrous, autogenic technique for synthesizing electronically interconnected, carbon-encapsulated, nanoparticulate anatase anode materials (TiO2–C) for lithium-ion batteries. The TiO2–C nanoparticles provide a reversible capacity of ∼200mAhg−1, which exceeds the theoretical capacity of the commercially attractive spinel anode, Li4Ti5O12 (175mAhg−1) and is competitive with the capacity reported for other TiO2 products. The processing method is extremely versatile and has implications for preparing, in a single step, a wide variety of electrochemically active compounds that are coated, in situ, with carbon.
The battery type CuCo2O4 electrode was evaluated as a positive electrode material for its hybrid supercapacitor applications. CuCo2O4 flowers were prepared on Ni-foam through a simple hydrothermal process and post calcination treatment. The structure and morphology of the CuCo2O4 flowers/Ni-foam was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. FESEM clearly revealed the flower-like morphology, which was composed of large number of petals. The length and width of the petals ranged from approximately 5–8μm and approximately 50–150nm, respectively. The CuCo2O4 flowers/Ni-foam electrode was employed for electrochemical characterization for hybrid supercapacitor applications. The specific capacity of the CuCo2O4 flower-like electrode was 692.4Cg−1 (192.3mAhg−1) at a scan rate of 5mVs−1. The flower-like CuCo2O4 electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacity of 645.1Cg−1 (179.2mAhg−1) at a specific current of 1Ag−1 and good long term cyclic stability. The high specific capacity, good cyclic stability, and low internal and charge transfer resistance of the CuCo2O4 flowers/Ni-foam electrode confirmed the suitability of the prepared material as a positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitor applications.
The Ah receptor is a transcription factor that modulates gene expression via interactions with multiple protein partners; these are reviewed, including the novel NC-XRE pathway involving KLF6.
Naming impairments in aphasia are typically targeted using semantic and/or phonologically based tasks. However, it is not known whether these treatments have different neural mechanisms. Eight participants with aphasia received twelve treatment sessions using an alternating treatment design, with fMRI scans pre- and post-treatment. Half the sessions employed Phonological Components Analysis (PCA), and half the sessions employed Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA). Pre-treatment activity in the left caudate correlated with greater immediate treatment success for items treated with SFA, whereas recruitment of the left supramarginal gyrus and right precuneus post-treatment correlated with greater immediate treatment success for items treated with PCA. The results support previous studies that have found greater treatment outcome to be associated with activity in predominantly left hemisphere regions, and suggest that different mechanisms may be engaged dependent on the type of treatment employed.
Neurodevelopmental effects of omega-3 fatty acids and mercury from fish consumption have been characterized in children. In contrast, neurobehavioral outcomes associated with fish are not well studied in adults.
The aim of this study was (a) to develop an assessment tool (the Democritos Movement Screening Tool for Preschool Children – DEMOST-PRE), designed to provide preschool educators, clinicians and researchers with information about assessment and screening of the motor proficiency of children aged 4–6 years, as well as the development and control of movement programmes and (b) to assess its factorial validity. First, tool's content and face validity were established and its final structure was determined. Then, the DEMOST-PRE was administered to 435 children (197 girls) aged 48–71 months (M =60.48 months, SD=6.98). The factor analysis conducted revealed two distinct components. Present evidence combined with the DEMOST-PRE administrative traits make it promising for preschool aged children's assessment.
Thin-film ruthenium oxide electrodes are prepared by cathodic electrodeposition on a titanium substrate. Different deposition periods are used to obtain different film thicknesses. The electrodes are used to form a supercapacitor with a 0.5M H2SO4 electrolyte. The specific capacitance and charge–discharge periods are found to be dependent on the electrode thickness. A maximum specific capacitance of 788Fg−1 is achieved with an electrode thickness of 0.0014gcm−2. These results are explained by considering the morphological changes that take place with increasing film thickness.
Presenting Author details:aina.holmen@psykologi.uio.no P.O.Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47 22 845237; fax: +47 22 845001. Background: Numerous studies have found comprehensive cognitive deficits in adult schizophrenic patients, encompassing global deficits from early sensory information processing to attention, verbal and visual learning and memory and executive functions. Accordingly, cognitive deficits have also been found to be prevalent in early-onset schizophrenia. However, findings have not been consistent as to whether the cognitive deficits in this group have a global profile, or if there are relatively spared or impaired domains of function. We wanted to examine whether the profile of cognitive deficits is global or specific. Methods: We included 31 adolescents (12–18 years) with first-episode psychosis are included at the time of their first contact with a psychiatric department. Diagnoses are based on DSM-IV criteria. Symptom level is assessed using the PANSS and the Global Assessment Scale. Neuropsychological functioning is assessed with the MATRICS battery, consisting of ten different tests measuring seven cognitive domains. 83 healthy adolescent controls have also been included in the study. Results: Independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare the neuropsychological test scores for patients and controls. Patients with schizophrenia performed more poorly than healthy controls on speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning and memory, visual memory, reasoning and problem solving. In contrast, no significant differences were found between the two groups on visual learning. Conclusions: We found a generalized deficit in cognitive functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This neuropsychological profile, indicating widespread impairment, is in line with results from studies on adults with schizophrenia. This may support previous suggestions of a generalized brain dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Employing solvent mixtures in the electrolyte of non-aqueous redox flow batteries can increase energy density and efficiency. In this paper, active species solubility, electrolyte conductivity, and redox reaction rates were examined systematically among a number of binary and ternary mixtures, consisting of acetonitrile and 5 polar aprotic co-solvents to identify mixtures with enhanced active species solubility and redox reaction rates. Although we used vanadium acetylacetonate as a model, the methodologies presented here are applicable when evaluating solvent mixtures for other active species. Our approach is distinctive in that it elucidated the trade-offs in desirable properties that are necessary when solvent mixtures are used for non-aqueous redox flow batteries. We found that in a vanadium acetylacetonate–based non-aqueous redox flow battery, the use of an 84/16vol% acetonitrile/1,3-dioxolane binary solvent mixture resulted in an increase in the positive and negative sides reaction rates compared to that observed with pure acetonitrile. This binary mixture resulted in an improvement in reaction rate with no decrease in energy density and is a promising solvent system for other active species used for non-aqueous flow batteries.
We present a novel configuration for stabilizing manganese oxide as anode of high energy density lithium ion battery. Porous Mn2O3 nanocubes were developed with cubic MnCO3 as precursor and coated with a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) by applying an electrolyte additive, prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES). Discharge-charge tests demonstrate that the resulting anode exhibits excellent cyclic stability. Electrochemical and physical characterizations indicate that PES is easily reducible on Mn2O3 forming a protective SEI, which maintains the structural integrity of Mn2O3 particles. The porosity of the cubes and the SEI on the particles co-contribute to the improved cyclic stability of the resulting anode.
The cycling performance of a Li metal electrode in rechargeable Li batteries is studied using a novelly formed Li–Zn alloy as a substrate. A Zn layer electrodeposited on a Cu disk with ultrasonic assistance is used as a substrate precursor. Li electrodeposition followed to form the Li–Zn alloy. The morphologies of the substrate before and after Li deposition and stripping are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical properties of the substrate are investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The growth states of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films of Li deposits on the Li–Zn alloy and Cu surfaces are compared by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); exchange current densities of Li electrodeposition on Cu, Zn, and Li–Zn alloy substrates are also compared based on tests of constant current pulse deposition. The efficiency of Li deposition/stripping on the Li–Zn alloy substrate remains high at 96.7% after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.1mAcm−2 and 250 cycles at the current density of 0.2mAcm−2. These results can be attributed to the formation of a stable SEI film on the Li–Zn substrate and the high exchange current density of Li deposition and stripping on this substrate. The Li–Zn alloy proposed in this work may be a perfect substrate for enhancing the cycling capability of Li metal electrode.
In the above article, Ref. [8] should have read as below:[8] Alireza Maheri, Siamak Noroozi, John Vinney. Application of combined analytical/fea coupled aero-structure simulation in design of wind turbine adaptive blades. Renewable Energy 2007;32(12):2011–18. [8] Alireza Maheri, Siamak Noroozi, John Vinney. Application of combined analytical/fea coupled aero-structure simulation in design of wind turbine adaptive blades. Renewable Energy 2007;32(12):2011–18.
The effect of Li3PO4 coating was investigated for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 epitaxial thin film electrodes synthesized on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Amorphous Li3PO4 with a thickness of 1–4 nm was coated at room temperature onto 30 nm thick epitaxial LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin films with (111), (110) and (100) lattice orientations. Electrodes with the surface coating exhibit high charge–discharge capacities and small capacity degradation during cycling experiments in the high voltage region. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) analyses indicate a higher manganese valence for the electrode surface of the Li3PO4 stacked LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 film than that for the surface of a pristine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 film. Thus, surface coating affects the manganese valence near the electrode surface and improves the cycling characteristics.
Rechargeable Zn-air battery is largely limited by the lack of low-cost and highly efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts for both oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR). Herein, we report a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst, mesoporous nickel-iron nitride (Ni3FeN), which was synthesized by thermal ammonalysis of hierarchal NiFe layered double hydroxide microspheres. Different from the widely studied carbon/oxide composite catalysts, this metallic nitride does not need carbon as a conducting support, thus avoiding the issue of carbon corrosion at high potentials. The catalysts provide outstanding bifunctional performance with a low overpotential (0.355V) at 10mAcm−2, a low Tafel slope (70mVdec−1) for OER, and a positive half-wave potential (0.78V) for ORR under alkaline solution. More importantly, it delivers a lower voltage gap between charge and discharge and a better stability over 300 cycles compared to that of the more costly RuO2 air-cathode.