batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
High-magnitude storm events such as Hurricane Sandy are powerful agents of geomorphic change in coastal marshes, potentially altering their surface elevation trajectories. But how do a storm’s impacts vary across a large region spanning a variety of wetland settings and storm exposures and intensities. We determined the short-term impacts of Hurricane Sandy at 223 surface elevation table–marker horizon stations in estuarine marshes located across the northeast region of the United States by comparing post-storm surface elevation change with pre-storm elevation trends. We hypothesized that the storm’s effect on marsh elevation trends would be influenced by position relative to landfall (right or left) and distance from landfall. The structural equation model presented predicts that marshes located to the left of landfall were more likely to experience an elevation gain greater than expected, and this positive deviation from pre-storm elevation trends tended to have a greater magnitude than those experiencing negative deviations (elevation loss), potentially due to greater sediment deposition. The magnitude of negative deviations from elevation change in marshes to the right of landfall was greater than for positive deviations, with a greater effect in marshes within 200 km of landfall, potentially from the extent and magnitude of storm surge. Overall, results provide an integrated picture of how storm characteristics combined with the local wetland setting are important to a storm’s impact on surface elevation, and that the surface elevation response can vary widely among sites across a region impacted by the same storm.
In this paper, an extensive literature survey on critical research areas of various load frequency control (LFC) methods in a deregulated power system with conventional and distributed power generators are emphasized. The main goal of LFC is to ensure zero steady state error for frequency and tie-line power deviations. This paper provides an overview of different types of deregulated power system structures, market models, contracts agreements and various control methodologies/techniques for mitigating the various LFC issues in a deregulated power system. Detailed analysis of various control methodologies based on classical control, robust and self tuning control and various soft computing control techniques are discussed. Finally, the investigations on incorporating fast acting energy storage devices such as Battery energy storage system (BESS), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), Redox flow batteries (RFB) and Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices for mitigating the LFC problems in a deregulated power system are also addressed.
The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is one of the master regulators that control hundreds of genes containing antioxidant response elements (AREs). The NRF2-ARE pathway plays a complex role in colorectal cancer (CRC). NRF2 activity is known to be regulated by KEAP1-CUL3 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination, indicating the importance of deubiquitination regulation. However, the deubiquitinase (DUB) of NRF2 remains unknown. Here, by screening a DUB library, we identified DUB3 as a DUB that remarkably stabilized NRF2. Further experiments demonstrated that DUB3 promoted NRF2 stability and transcriptional activity by decreasing the K48-linked ubiquitination of NRF2. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed interactions between NRF2 and DUB3, as well as between KEAP1 and DUB3, indicating that NRF2, DUB3, and KEAP1 formed a large functional complex. Importantly, ectopic expression of DUB3 caused NRF2-dependent chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer cell lines. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, our findings are the first to identify DUB3 as a NRF2 DUB and may provide a new strategy against chemotherapy resistance in CRC and other NRF2-related diseases.
The systematic expansion of evidence-based cognitive behavioral (CBT) protocols into the schools provides an opportunity for training front-line service providers in the early identification of anxious children and in the delivery of evidence-based treatments to children who might otherwise go without such treatment [Weist, M. D., & Evans, S. W. (2005). Expanded school mental health: Challenges and opportunities in an emerging field. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 3, 3­6]. In this article, we discuss the progress of our ongoing study aimed at transporting manualized CBT for anxious youth into inner-city school-based clinics. In this context, we outline the rationale for the study and specific adaptations and obstacles encountered to date.
This work is devoted to the electrochemical aspects of high-power testing of primary alkaline LR6 (“AA”) cells and to the factors influencing cell performance, namely the corresponding zinc anode behaviour under such high-rate conditions. The influence of the high-rate testing regime, such as the discharge mode and the end-potential, on zinc utilisation in alkaline cells has been monitored and its behaviour has been isolated by means of a pseudo-reference electrode. As anticipated, anode formulation, including zinc alloy composition and size distribution, is found to affect the cell’s discharge curve and the corresponding zinc electrode potential and utilisation. The effects of these parameters on the discharge curve are discussed in terms of three stages of discharge. Finally, the high-rate capability of commercial LR6 cells is analysed in terms of zinc anode formulation. It was concluded that zinc electrode polarisation is very small and is relatively independent of manufacturer, of zinc anode formulation and of zinc alloying. On the other hand, metallic zinc utilisation remains very low under high-rate conditions.
A self-humidifying composite membrane based on Nafion® hybrid with SiO2 supported sulfated zirconia particles (SiO2–SZ) was fabricated and investigated for fuel cell applications. The bi-functional SiO2–SZ particles, possessing hygroscopic property and high proton conductivity, were homemade and as the additive incorporated into our composite membrane. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared spectrum (FT-IR) techniques were employed to characterize the structure of SiO2–SZ particles. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were conducted to study the morphology of composite membrane. To verify the advantages of Nafion®/SiO2–SZ composite membrane, the IEC value, water uptake, proton conductivity, single cell performance and areal resistance were compared with Nafion®/SiO2 membrane and recast Nafion® membrane. The single cell employing our Nafion®/SiO2–SZ membrane exhibited the highest peak power density of 0.98Wcm−2 under dry operation condition in comparison with 0.74Wcm−2 of Nafion®/SiO2 membrane and 0.64Wcm−2 of recast Nafion® membrane, respectively. The improved performance was attributed to the introduction of SiO2–SZ particles, whose high proton conductivity and good water adsorbing/retaining function under dry operation condition, could facilitate proton transfer and water balance in the membrane.
A diversity of integrated assessment models (IAMs) coexists due to the different approaches developed to deal with the complex interactions, high uncertainties and knowledge gaps within the environment and human societies. This paper describes the open-source MEDEAS modeling framework, which has been developed with the aim of informing decision-making to achieve the transition to sustainable energy systems with a focus on biophysical, economic, social and technological restrictions and tackling some of the limitations identified in the current IAMs. MEDEAS models include the following relevant characteristics: representation of biophysical constraints to energy availability; modeling of the mineral and energy investments for the energy transition, allowing a dynamic assessment of the potential mineral scarcities and computation of the net energy available to society; consistent representation of climate change damages with climate assessments by natural scientists; integration of detailed sectoral economic structure (input–output analysis) within a system dynamics approach; energy shifts driven by physical scarcity; and a rich set of socioeconomic and environmental impact indicators. The potentialities and novel insights that this framework brings are illustrated by the simulation of four variants of current trends with the MEDEAS-world model: the consideration of alternative plausible assumptions and methods, combined with the feedback-rich structure of the model, reveal dynamics and implications absent in classical models. Our results suggest that the continuation of current trends will drive significant biophysical scarcities and impacts which will most likely derive in regionalization (priority to security concerns and trade barriers), conflict, and ultimately, a severe global crisis which may lead to the collapse of our modern civilization. Despite depicting a much more worrying future than conventional projections of current trends, we however believe it is a more realistic counterfactual scenario that will allow the design of improved alternative sustainable pathways in future work.
Hierarchical mesoporous nest-like Li4Ti5O12 is prepared by a hydrothermal reaction, using CTAB as the surfactant, and water-soluble titanium complex [NH4 +]4[H+]2[Ti4(C2H2O3)4(C2H3O3)2(O2)4O2]6− as the titanium precursor. As-prepared Li4Ti5O12 has a tiny crystallite size of 8.2nm and a very large surface area of 219.2m2 g−1. Commercial micrometer-sized Li4Ti5O12 is also tested for comparision, and up to 10000mAg−1 (57C) is applied to evaluate these two samples as the anode material for lithium ion batteries. Our products deliver much better cycling and rate performances, especially at high current densities. 135.1mAhg−1 is obtained after 200 cycles at 2500mAg−1, and 113.6mAhg−1 is obtained at 10000mAg−1. The polarization in our products is much lower, and our products also show higher lithium diffusion coefficient and higher exchange current density, calculated from CV and EIS measurements.
Highly-crystalline lanthanide (Ln3+ =Gd3+, Y3+ and La3+) doped and carbon encapsulated Li4Ti5O12 (designated as C-Ln-LTO) nanosheets as an anode material for sodium ion batteries (NIBs) are synthesized on large scale via a facile hydrothermal reaction followed by annealing treatment. When evaluated as an anode material for NIBs, the C-Ln-LTO nanosheets exhibit initial discharge specific capacity of 198mAhg−1 at 0.1C, enhanced rate capability of 141mAhg−1 at 2C and superior cyclic performance of 122mAhg−1 at 2C after 150 cycles. The superior rate capability and cyclic performance benefit from the synergistic effect of Ln3+ doping and carbon encapsulation, which promote electrode reaction kinetics and structural stability during Na+ insertion/extraction. Our results reveal the feasibility and universality that the combination of carbon encapsulation and Ln3+ doping improves electrochemical performance of LTO-based anode materials for rechargeable high-performance NIBs.
Lithium ion battery is one of the most promising energy storage equipment due to its high energy density and long life cycle, and it has various applications in marine industry. Coupled diffusive-mechanical process during cycling has significant influence on ion diffusion and stress evolution. This may cause large deformation of electrodes which is the main reason of crack nucleation and propagation. As a consequence, this will have a negative effect on battery performance in terms of electrical capacity and thermal stability, and can cause failure of the battery. Hence, crack propagation and stress evolution during lithiation of the electrode plate is under investigation in this study. Peridynamics, as a new computational technique, is utilized for this purpose and various validation and demonstration cases were considered to demonstrate the capability of the developed framework.
The assessment of premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia has received considerable attention because of models suggesting that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in functioning prior to onset of the disorder. Some studies suggest that premorbid adjustment is best viewed as a multidimensional construct where different areas of functioning might be differentially impacted by the illness and sex. The current study examined these matters using of Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) in a sample of 421 individuals with schizophrenia. Confirmatory factory analyses conducted for three developmental periods (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence) and for males and females separately, indicated that the PAS consists of academic and social factors that are invariant across developmental period and sex. However, differences in severity of academic and social premorbid impairment were present between males and females across developmental periods. Findings suggest important differences between males and females in the course of premorbid deterioration prior to onset of schizophrenia.
The concept of improving the safety of rechargeable lithium sulfur batteries by introducing flame retardant additives (FRs) to liquid electrolytes is primarily reported in this paper. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is used as a flame retardant additive to improve the thermal safety of rechargeable lithium batteries with sulfur based composite cathode materials. The electrochemical compatibility between DMMP and sulfur cathode is investigated. With 11 wt.% DMMP addition, the electrolyte of 1M LiPF6/EC+EMC (1:1, v/v) is nearly nonflammable and its thermal stability is obviously improved. Cycle performance and electrochemical stability are little affected with an appropriate DMMP addition of 7–11 wt.% by the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and cycle performances. DMMP is a feasible choice as flame retardant additive in carbonate electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries with sulfur composite cathode materials.
Mass transport can significantly limit the rate of reaction and lead to concentration polarisation in electrochemical devices, especially under the conditions of high operating current density. In this study we investigate hierarchically structured micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT-SOFC) fabricated by a phase inversion technique and quantitatively assess the mass transport and electrochemical performance improvement compared to a conventional tubular SOFC. We present pioneering work to characterise the effective mass transport parameters for the hierarchically porous microstructures by an integrated computed fluid dynamics simulation, assisted by multi-length scale 3D X-ray tomography. This has been historically challenging because either imaging resolution or field of view has to be sacrificed to compensate for the wide pore size distribution, which supports different transport mechanisms, especially Knudsen flow. Results show that the incorporation of radially-grown micro-channels helps to decrease the tortuosity factor by approximately 50% compared to the conventional design consisting of a sponge-like structure, and the permeability is also improved by two orders of magnitude. When accounting for the influence of Knudsen diffusion, the molecule/wall collisions yield an increase of the tortuosity factor from 11.5 (continuum flow) to 23.4 (Knudsen flow), but the addition of micro-channels helps to reduce it down to 5.3. Electrochemical performance simulations using the measured microstructural and mass transport parameters show good agreement with the experimental results at elevated temperatures. The MT-SOFC anode displays 70% lower concentration overpotential, 60% higher power density (0.98 vs. 0.61 W cm−2) and wider current density window for maximum power density than the conventional design.
A chemical stability between polysulfides and electrolyte is considered to be crucial to achieving good electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries since long-chain polysulfides which dissolve easily into common electrolyte can trigger substantial electrolyte decomposition due to their nucleophilic nature. In this work, we investigated the chemical reactivity of polysulfides toward carbonate-based electrolytes through a simple probing experimental method and found that the polysulfides react with carbonate-based electrolytes via a nucleophilic addition or substitution reaction leading to a sudden capacity fading of lithium sulfur cells by loss of active sulfur. This study strongly suggests that electrolytes for Li–S system should not possess an electrophilic functionality to avoid undesired chemical reaction with polysulfides. In addition, we show that the methodology developed in this work for the verification of chemical stability between polysulfides and electrolyte can be widely applicable to screening other potential electrolyte candidates.
A microfluidic fuel cell is defined as a fuel cell with fluid delivery and removal, reaction sites and electrode structures all confined to a microfluidic channel. Microfluidic fuel cells typically operate in a co-laminar flow configuration without a physical barrier, such as a membrane, to separate the anode and the cathode. This review article summarizes the development of microfluidic fuel cell technology, from the invention in 2002 until present, with emphasis on theory, fabrication, unit cell development, performance achievements, design considerations, and scale-up options. The main challenges associated with the current status of the technology are provided along with suggested directions for further research and development. Moreover, microfluidic fuel cell architectures show great potential for integration with biofuel cell technology. This review therefore includes microfluidic biofuel cell developments to date and presents opportunities for future work in this multi-disciplinary field.
LiNiO2, LiNi0.995Al0.005O2, LiNi0.975Ga0.025O2, LiNi0.990Ti0.010O2 and LiNi0.990Al0.005Ti0.005O2 were synthesized by preheating at 400 °C for 30 min in air and calcination at 750 °C for 36 h in an O2 stream with excess lithium amount z = 0.10 in Li1+zNi1−yMyO2. For these samples, the discharge capacities and discharge capacity degradation rate are compared. LiNiO2 has the largest discharge capacity at the 20th cycle (n = 20) and the 50th cycle (n = 50). LiNiO2 and LiNi0.995Al0.005O2 have relatively good cycling performances and their discharge capacities at n = 50 are 134 and 123 mAh/g, respectively, at 0.1 C rate. The crystallite sizes and strains were calculated by the Williamson–Hall method with XRD patterns and compared for the samples as prepared and after 50 charge–discharge cycles.
Cobalt sulfide is one of the attractive materials for the energy storage electrodes due to its high specific capacitance (CF) and cost-effective properties. Well-defined nanostructures with promising features are intensively designed to achieve highly effective energy storage electrodes. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) cobalt sulfide hydrangea macrophylla is successfully synthesized using a simple one-pot method by adding 1-dodecanethiol with long carbon chains as the sulfur and carbon layer sources. The morphology and the corresponding electrochemical performance of cobalt sulfide are examined in views of the vulcanization temperature and duration, as well as the annealing temperature and the loading mass. A CF value of 324.17 F g− 1 is obtained for the cobalt sulfide hydrangea macrophylla-based energy storage electrode at a scan rate of 10 mV s− 1 with the optimized loading mass on flexible nickel foam, owing to the large surface area and improved conductivity benefitted from the hydrangea macrophylla nanostructure and the carbon layer surrounded the cobalt sulfide, respectively. The utilization of this promising hydrangea macrophylla nanostructure of cobalt sulfide on energy storage electrodes opens a window for establishing structure-controlling techniques to improve the electrochemical performances.
Although peroxisomes are very simple organelles, research on different species has provided us with an understanding of their importance in terms of cell viability. In addition to the significant role played by plant peroxisomes in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), data gathered over the last two decades show that these organelles are an endogenous source of nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules called reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Molecules such as NO and H2O2 act as retrograde signals among the different cellular compartments, thus facilitating integral cellular adaptation to physiological and environmental changes. However, under nitro-oxidative conditions, part of this network can be overloaded, possibly leading to cellular damage and even cell death. This review aims to update our knowledge of the ROS/RNS metabolism, whose important role in plant peroxisomes is still underestimated. However, this pioneering approach, in which key elements such as β-oxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NO have been mainly described in relation to plant peroxisomes, could also be used to explore peroxisomes from other organisms.
A relatively simple and low cost method for making permanent magnet wind turbine electric generators from burnt out squirrel cage induction motors, has been described in this paper. Different types of generators used in wind turbines and the general properties sought in a wind turbine generator are discussed first, and then the procedure of how to make a workable, multi-pole, low speed, permanent magnet generator, from burnt out ordinary squirrel cage induction motors easily available at through away prices in the junk markets, is described. Finally, the test results of a 500 W and a 1500 W generator developed this way are presented with their cost and performance analysis.
Objective Numerous studies have implicated the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. However, precisely which subregions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are abnormal remain unknown. Our study goal was to investigate the structure of the anterior hippocampus, posterior hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) simultaneously in thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia and twenty-nine controls to determine which of these subregions are abnormal in schizophrenia. As an exploratory study goal, we investigated the relation of neurocognition to brain structure in schizophrenia patients. Method We generated detailed structural magnetic resonance imaging data and compared hippocampal and prefrontal subregional structural brain volumes between schizophrenia and control groups. We obtained a neurocognitive test battery in schizophrenia patients and studied the association of abnormal brain structures to neurocognition. Results Structural brain abnormalities were pinpointed to the left anterior hippocampus and left OFC in schizophrenia patients, which were both significantly reduced in volume. The DLPFC and posterior hippocampus, though numerically decreased in volume, were not significantly decreased. Anterior hippocampal volumes were more strongly associated with OFC volumes in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. By contrast, DLPFC volume was unrelated to anterior or posterior hippocampal volume. Both the anterior hippocampus and OFC were independently related to cognitive abnormalities common in schizophrenia, including indices of verbal, language, and executive functions. The DLPFC and posterior hippocampal volumes were unrelated to cognitive measures. Conclusions These findings highlight related abnormalities of the anterior hippocampus and OFC in schizophrenia, which may shed light on the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Effective treatments for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are lacking. We systematically updated evidence on the effectiveness of a gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet as a treatment for ASD in children.