batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries owning to the abundance of potassium on Earth and the relatively low K/K+ redox couple. To date, KIBs remains its infancy and the investigation of anode materials mainly focused on carbon-based materials, which deliver limited reversible capacity. Hence, it is imperative to explore alternative anode materials with high reversible capacity for KIBs. Recently, a pioneering work from Chen’s group reported a nanocomposite of Sb2S3 nanoparticles anchored on porous S,N-codoped graphene (denoted as Sb2S3-SNG) as an advanced anode material for KIBs, which exhibited remarkable enhancements of both capacity and cycling stability, highlighting the rational structure design of Sb2S3-SNG for maximum utilization of Sb2S3 nanoparticles and graphene layers for energy storage applications in high-performance KIBs.
To assess the economic benefits of battery reuse, the consistency and aging characteristics of a retired LiFePO4 battery pack are studied in this paper. The consistency of battery modules is analyzed from the perspective of the capacity and the internal resistance. Test results indicate that battery module parameter dispersion increases along with battery aging. However, battery modules with better capacity consistency doesn't ensure better resistance consistency. Then the aging characteristics of the battery pack are analyzed and the main results are as follow: (1) Weibull and normal distribution are feasible to fit the capacity and resistance distribution of battery modules respectively; (2) SOC imbalance is the dominating factor in the capacity fading process of the battery pack; (3) By employing the incremental capacity (IC) and IC peak area analysis, a consistency evaluation method representing the aging mechanism variations of the battery modules is proposed and then an accurate battery screening strategy is put forward. This study not only provides data support for evaluating economic benefits of retired batteries but also presents a method to recognize the battery aging variations, which is helpful for rapid evaluation and screening of retired batteries for 2nd use.
Publisher Summary Halocin activity is usually confined to other haloarchaea, with some inhibiting many species (a broad spectrum) and others just a few (a narrow spectrum) However, halocins A4, R1 and S8, all inhibit three species of Sulfolobus (a hyperthermophilic crenarchaeote), with halocin R1 also inhibiting Methanosarcina thermophila. Halocin pre-proteins (e.g. halocin H4) or preproproteins (e.g. halocin S8) are secreted using the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. This is the preferred pathway for translocating proteins in the haloarchaea. Halocin H1 activity first appears during mid-exponential phase, halocin H4 activity first appears and spikes during the transition into stationary phase, but then declines rapidly from peak levels, and halocin R1 appears relatively late in stationary phase. The general considerations while purifying halocins are, Halocin activity should be quantified at each step of the purification in order to follow the progress of the purification and to determine the loss of halocin activity along the way. Samples should be set aside at each step of the purification and assayed by SDS-PAGE in order to visualize the purity of the halocin at the final step.
A hydrothermally synthesized tin (IV) sulfide electrode was examined for use as a negative electrode in sodium-ion batteries. Using ex-situ XRD and electrochemical analysis, the sodiation mechanism of tin (IV) sulfide was clarified, which revealed that the typical conversion reaction-coupled alloying reaction happened during sodiation with a high reversible capacity (~640mAhg−1). Also, the improved cycleability was observed in the tin (IV) sulfide electrode when compared with tin metal electrode. From comparison of quasi-open-circuit voltages at the 20th de-sodiated electrode, it was revealed that sodium trapping was considerably suppressed by sulfide formation with tin.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives health-based guidance values known as minimal risk levels (MRLs). By definition, an MRL is a substance-specific estimate of the daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse, noncancer effects over a specified duration of exposure. MRLs are preferentially derived from human studies, if available, or from the most sensitive animal species and the endpoint that is most relevant for humans. To date, the agency has derived 346 MRLs. Fifteen MRLs were derived for 11 different chemicals where the database has identified the immune system as the most sensitive target of toxicity. The chemicals include benzene, chlorfenvinphos, endosulfan, heptachlor, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, dibutyl tin, tributyl tin, PCBs, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The agency’s rationale for classification of immunological endpoints is discussed and a brief description given of the critical studies selected for MRL development using immune system endpoints.
ABSTRACT Background The authors conducted two multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled Phase III clinical trials to study the efficacy and safety of phentolamine mesylate (PM) in shortening the duration and burden of soft-tissue anesthesia. The study involved 484 subjects who received one of four commercially available local anesthetic solutions containing vasoconstrictors for restorative or scaling procedures. Methods On completion of the dental procedure, subjects randomly received a PM or a sham injection (an injection in which a needle does not penetrate the soft tissue) in the same site as the local anesthetic injection. The investigators measured the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia by using standardized lip- and tongue-tapping procedures every five minutes for five hours. They also evaluated functional measures and subject-perceived altered function, sensation, appearance and safety. Results Median recovery times in the lower lip and tongue for subjects in the PM group were 70 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. Median recovery times in the lower lip and tongue for subjects in the sham group were 155 minutes and 125 minutes, respectively. Upper lip median recovery times were 50 minutes for subjects in the PM group and 133 minutes for subjects in the sham group. These differences were significant (P < .0001). Recovery from actual functional deficits and subject-perceived altered function, sensation and appearance also showed significant differences between the PM and the sham groups. Conclusions PM was efficacious and safe in reducing the duration of local anesthetic– induced soft-tissue numbness and its associated functional deficits. Clinical Implications Clinicians can use PM to accelerate reversal of soft-tissue anesthesia and the associated functional deficits.
The complex (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediaminebis(salicylideneaminato))–nickel(II), [Ni(saldMp)], was oxidatively electropolymerized on activated carbon (AC) electrode in acetonitrile solution. The poly[Ni(saldMp)] presented an incomplete coated film on the surface of carbon particles of AC electrode by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of poly[Ni(saldMp)] modified activated carbon (PAC) electrode were evaluated in different potential ranges by cyclic voltammetry. Counterions and solvent swelling mainly occurred up to 0.6V for PAC electrode by the comparison of D 1/2 C values calculated from chronoamperometry experiments. Both the Ohmic resistance and Faraday resistance of PAC electrode gradually approached to those of AC electrode when its potential was ranging from 1.2V to 0.0V. Galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments indicated that both the specific capacitance and energy density were effectively improved by the reversible redox reaction of poly[Ni(saldMp)] film under the high current density up to 10mAcm−2 for AC electrode. The specific capacitance of PAC electrode decreased during the first 50 cycles but thereafter it remained constant for the next 200 cycles. This study showed the redox polymer may be an attractive material in supercapacitors.
In the race against climate change, aiming for low-carbon competitiveness, Flanders has initiated a carbon neutrality strategy on industrial parks, building towards energy efficient buildings and processes, acting as a stimulus for the production and consumption of green electricity. However, premises and internal process optimisation on industrial parks is not considered sufficient to limit greenhouse emissions in Flanders. Structural transition is called for, aiming for industrial clustering and energy autonomy based on renewables. Therefore, the concept of industrial symbiosis is analysed to determine how it could improve the energy-related carbon management on industrial parks. This article explores the literature on industrial symbiosis and eco-industrial parks searching for specific energy strategies, and is illustrated with case studies. Energy management on industrial parks can be integrated in the entire development process and park management. Maximising efficiency is a promising local optimisation issue, in which business should be engaged, stimulated and facilitated. By clustering buildings and processes, by energy exchange, collective production and joint contracting of energy services, local synergies can be intensified. Yet, uncertainty and variability in time of energy consumption can keep developers from tailoring industrial park design and utilities. Instead flexibility and solidity could be gained, and the offer of business space could be diversified, supported by a persevering issuing procedure to join similar and matching energy profiles. Energy management on industrial parks in Flanders has only recently started but is expected to gain professionalism. However further research is needed on this flexible design and thermal planning.
In this study, metal doping of iron oxide nanostructures grown by anodization is successfully achieved by the simple cost effective technique of electrochemical doping. Structural and morphological characterizations of all the samples are done using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A detailed analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectra is done for all the samples to obtain the effect of aluminium doping on the multiplet peak positions of Fe 2p and different species of oxygen. Analysis of the valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra (VB XPS) reveals a displacement of ‘valence band edge’ towards higher energy on doping. The VB XPS coupled with optical data is used for evaluating the shift in the Fermi level towards the conduction band minimum, which indicates the formation of donor defect level on doping. The reduction in band gap from 1.96 to 1.72 eV and enhanced electrical conductivity on doping are observed to produce an improvement in the photo catalytic activity for aluminium-doped nanostructures compared to undoped.
Battery preheating at low temperatures is essential to ensure the efficient operation of electric vehicles in all climate conditions. Alternating current heating is proposed as an effective preheating method to improve the poor performance of lithium-ion batteries operated at low temperatures. To describe the dynamic voltage behavior accurately, the Butler-Volmer equation has been employed, and then a novel electro-thermal coupled model has been proposed for accurately calculating the thermal behavior of a battery. To obtain the optimal preheating performance, the electro-thermal coupled model-based available heating current computational method has been developed to obtain the optimal echelon preheating strategy. This method has the potential to balance the heat generation rate and degradation on battery lifetime. Finally, the proposed echelon heating strategy has been verified by battery cells and battery packs. Results show that the battery cell can be heated from the temperature of −20.3 °C to 10.02 °C by 13.7 min with an average temperature-rise 2.21 °C/min. And the battery pack can be heated from −20.84 °C to 10 °C by 12.4 min with an average temperature-rise is 2.47 °C/min.
An effective method of using cellulosic substances (filter paper) as template was employed to prepare SiO x nanotubular materials examined as anode for Li-ion battery. According to XRD, SEM, TEM and HR-TEM analysis, the synthesized nanotubular materials retained the morphological hierarchy of the filter paper, and each nanotube was composed of nanosized SiO x ranged from 5 to 20nm. It exhibits a stable reversible capacity of 940mAhg−1 at constant current density of 100mAg−1, and capacity retention keeps over 91.5% after 50 cycles. The nano-scale characteristics of SiO x particle embed in the nanotube ensures the fast Li-ion diffusion in the electrode. The nanotube came from cellulose fiber template provides the electrode with firm framework, and thus avoids the electrode to pulverize in the charge–discharge process. Moreover, the hollow structure offers a sufficient void space, which sufficiently alleviates the mechanical stress caused by volume change. All these factors are responsible for the stable electrochemical performance of SiO x electrode.
The MnCO3-RGO composite, constructed by MnCO3 microcrystals in-situ nucleated and grown on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets, are synthesized via a facile one-pot solvothermal process. When the MnCO3-RGO composite is used as anode material, it delivers outstanding electrochemical performance: it exhibits a large capacity of 873 mAh g−1 even after 400 cycles at a current rate of 1 C, which is over 55.6% higher than that of bare MnCO3 (561 mAh g−1); most importantly, the MnCO3-RGO composite demonstrates a superior high-rate performance and long-term stability with a very large capacity of 546 mAh g−1 even after 1000 cycles at a very large current rate of 5 C. This terrific electrochemical performance of MnCO3-RGO composite is mainly ascribed to its unique architecture: the excellent mechanical flexibility of RGO sheets can stabilize the microstructure of MnCO3 and guarantee the long-term stability during charge/discharge even at large current rate; the high conductivity of RGO sheets can effectively accelerate the transfer of electrons. This work presents a facile and cost-effective synthesis strategy, which gives a guidance for the synthesis of the other transition metal oxides-RGO composite.
Glassy carbon electrodes have been successfully employed for the determination, by differential pulse voltammetry, of Mn(II) ions dissolved in aqueous solutions. In particular, a simple and fast procedure also suitable for on-line or at-line process control has been developed. Statistical analysis of the results obtained reveals that the procedure can be adopted in the range 0.59–57.30mM Mn(II). The electrochemical responses are repeatable and reproducible. Repeatability is testified by the lack of variation of peak current values calculated from 20 subsequent scans carried out at the maximum explored concentration (relative standard deviation <1%). Reproducibility of the responses is supported by the data from the responses on three different electrodes. The proposed procedure does not require any pre-concentration of Mn species at the electrode surface or de-aeration of the solution. By adopting the developed procedure for the analysis, the GC electrode demonstrates to be suitable also for application in real matrices, namely solutions from spent battery recycling; in particular the results from the present electrochemical method are not significantly different from those obtained through inductively plasma coupled mass spectrometry. Interference from other metal species, such as Zn(II) and Fe(III), is negligible. This result is particularly meaningful, since the experimental conditions chosen, implying particularly high concentrations of heavy metals, are representative of those adopted in recovery and recycle processes of Mn species from batteries.
A new class of fluorinated sulfones, β-fluorinated sulfones, were designed and synthesized as electrolyte solvents for high voltage lithium-ion batteries. While the oxidation potential of β-fluorinated sulfones is slightly lower than that of α-fluorinated sulfones, it is still significantly higher than the oxidation potential of regular sulfones, which already possess fairly high anodic stability. However, β-fluorinated sulfones exhibit a significant decrease in reduction potential compared to α-fluorinated sulfones, rendering them more stable towards graphite anodes. Moreover, the reduced lithium solvating power of β-fluorinated sulfones compared to regular sulfones mitigates the transition metal dissolution of cathodes. Taken together, these middle ground properties of β-fluorinated sulfone-based electrolytes enable the very stable long-term cycling of graphite‖LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full cells. The outstanding performance of β-fluorinated sulfones designed by applying the “golden middle way” paves a new path for the development of an effective electrolyte system.
This paper conducts a three-dimensional (3D) modeling study to investigate the hydrogen absorption process and associated mass and heat transport in a metal hydride (LaNi5) hydrogen storage tank. The 3D model is further implemented numerically for validation purpose and the detailed investigation on absorption process. Results indicate that at the very initial absorption stage the bed temperature evolves almost uniformly, while it varies greatly spatially at the latter stage. At the initial seconds, most hydrogen is absorbed in the region near the cooling wall due to the better heat removal. The absorption in the core is slow at the beginning, but becomes important at the very end stage. It also shows that the initial hydrogen flow in the bed is several-fold larger than the latter stage and the flow may provide extra cooling to the hydriding process. By analyzing the Peclet number, we find that the heat convection by the hydrogen flow may play an important role in local heat transfer. This work provides an important platform beneficial to the fundamental understanding of multi-physics coupling phenomena during hydrogen absorption and the development of on-board hydrogen storage technology.
In the leather industry, considerable amounts of non-recyclable solid leather wastes (SLWs) are produced and accumulated in factories. In this work, the non-isothermal thermochemical analysis (TGA) test was used to analyse the thermal degradation behaviour of chromium-tanned leather shaving, which is one of the main SLWs. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere from 30 to 800 °C at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min. Three different kinetic models, including the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Kissinger methods, were used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The activation energy values calculated by FWO and KAS methods were 391.79 and 348.77 kJ/mol, respectively. In consideration of the high HHV (14.15 MJ/kg) and carbon productivity (10.15%), SLWs could represent a potential candidate material for bioenergy production and carbon preparation. These results could be used for the design of thermochemical conversion processes utilizing SLWs as feedstock.
Some recent studies on bendable sensors have reported the reduction of distortion in X-ray shots caused by the patient’s physical structure. In the field of diagnostic radiology, images are nowadays captured using flat panel detectors, but it is difficult to take the geometrical body type and physical characteristics of patients into consideration with flat panels; this may distort images. This study evaluates the bending and electrical properties of bottom electrode-based sensors with bending capability.
Tavorite-structured polyanion compounds, such as LiVPO4F, LiFePO4F and LiVPO4O, are promising cathode candidates of Li-ion batteries due to their structural stability as a result of strong covalent bonds. A few publications related to LiVPO4FLiFePO4F and LiVPO4FLiVPO4O solid solutions have been reported to date. In this work, LiFePO4FLiVPO4O solid solution, i.e. LiFe1-x V x PO4F1-δ O δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.36) is first prepared by a two-step solid-state route using the pre-synthesized FePO4 and VPO4O powders. Sloping discharge profiles shown in solid-solution cells indicate a single-phase behavior which is different from the two-phase reaction of end members. The structure determination, refinement and electrochemical properties are studied. The meachanisms are concluded involved in redox energies of cations. Redox energies are tuned within a wide range 1.5–4.5 V in polyanion-type cathodes, through the inductive effect introduced by cation (V for Fe) and anion (O for F) substitution.
The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of graphite in a LiBC2O4F2-based electrolyte was studied by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that a short irreversible plateau at 1.5–1.7V versus Li+/Li was inevitably present in the first cycle of graphite, which is attributed to the reduction of –OCOCOO− pieces as a result of the chemical equilibrium of oxalatoborate ring-opening. This is the inherent property of LiBC2O4F2 and it is independent of the type of electrode. EIS analyses suggest that the reduced products of LiBC2O4F2 at 1.5–1.7V participate into the formation of a preliminary SEI. Based on the distribution of the initial irreversible capacity and the correlation of the SEI resistance and graphite potential, it was concluded that the SEI formed at potentials below 0.25V during which the lithiation takes place is most responsible for the long-term operation of the graphite electrode in Li-ion batteries. In addition, the results show that the charge-transfer resistance reflects well the kinetics of the electrode reactions, and that its value is in inverse proportion to the differential capacity of the electrode.
The improved safety of aqueous electrolytes makes aqueous lithium-ion batteries an attractive alternative to commercial cells utilizing flammable and expensive organic electrolytes. Two important issues relating to their use have been addressed in this work. One is the extension of the usable voltage range by the incorporation of lithium salts, and the other is the investigation of a useful negative electrode reactant, LiTi2(PO4)3. The electrochemical stability of aqueous lithium salt solutions containing two lithium salts, LiNO3 and Li2SO4, has been characterized using a constant current technique. In both cases, concentrated solutions had effective electrolyte stability windows substantially greater than that of pure water under standard conditions. At an electrolyte leakage current of 10μAcm−2 between two platinum electrodes in 5M LiNO3 the cell voltage can reach 2.0V, whereas with a leakage current of 50μAcm−2 it can reach 2.3V. LiTi2(PO4)3 was synthesized using a Pechini method and cycled in pH-neutral Li2SO4. At a reaction potential near the lower limit of electrolyte stability, an initial discharge capacity of 118mAhg−1 was measured at a C/5 rate, while about 90% of this discharge capacity was retained after 100 cycles. This work demonstrates that it is possible to have useful aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion batteries using the LiTi2(PO4)3 anode with cell voltages of 2V and above.