batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Over the last few years High-Throughput Protein Production (HTPP) has played a crucial role for functional proteomics. High-quality, high yield and fast recombinant protein production are critical for new HTPP technologies. Escherichia coli is usually the expression system of choice in protein production thanks to its fast growth, ease of handling and high yields of protein produced. Even though shake-flask cultures are widely used, there is an increasing need for easy to handle, lab scale, high throughput systems.
A novel Li/H2O primary battery is reported. The battery consists of a thin film lithium metal anode evaporated on hybrid inorganic/organic lithium ion conductive solid electrolyte, H2O as the electroactive cathode material, and a Pt mesh current collector. The hybrid electrolyte consists of a two-phase ceramic, lithium aluminum titanium phosphate/aluminum phosphate (LATP/AlPO4), sealed with polyvinylidene fluoride. These cells display an open cell potential of 0.90V, a current output range between 0.78 and 0.50μA under constant 1MΩ load discharge, and specific energy of 2660Wh/kg. Battery life is shown to be proportional to the mass of the Li metal anode employed and has been demonstrated for up to 37.5h.
Increased driving range and enhanced fast charging capabilities are two immediate goals of transport electrification. However, these are of competing nature, leading to increased energy and power demand respectively from the on-board battery pack. By fine-tuning the number of layers versus active electrode material of a lithium ion pouch cell, tailored designs targeting either of these goals can be obtained. Achieving this trade-off through iterative empirical testing of layer choices is expensive and often produces sub-optimal designs. This paper presents a model-based methodology for determining the optimal number of layers, maximising usable energy whilst satisfying specific acceleration and fast charging targets. The proposed methodology accounts for the critical need to avoid lithium plating during fast charging and searches for the optimal layer configuration considering a range of thermal conditions. A numerical implementation of a cell model using a hybrid finite volume-spectral scheme is presented, wherein the model equations are suitably reformulated to directly accept power inputs, facilitating rapid and accurate searching of the layer design space. Electrode materials exhibiting high solid phase diffusion rates are highlighted as being equally as important for extended range as the development of new materials with higher inherent capacity. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for the common module design of a battery pack in a plug-in hybrid vehicle, thereby illustrating how the cost of derivative vehicle models can be reduced. To facilitate model based layer optimisation, the open-source toolbox, BOLD (Battery Optimal Layer Design) is provided.
Selective stimulation of the nervous system is an important way to improve the therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects. This paper introduces an improved method using combined electrical and near-infrared stimulation to realize selective excitation and inhibition of different sciatic nerve branches. Both the electrical stimulation and the near-infrared laser are added to the main trunk of the sciatic nerve, and gold nanorods are injected into the light irradiation point of the nerve to increase the absorption of light. Two cuff recording electrodes are added to the two sciatic nerve branches, respectively. The compound nerve action potential recorded by the cuff electrode is transmitted to the physiological signal instrument. In the experiment, selective activation and inhibition of the two nerve branches are achieved by adjusting the electrical stimulation parameters, the light stimulus parameters and the location of the light. These results demonstrate that combined electrical and near-infrared stimulation, which can effectively activate or suppress the different nerve fibers in the nerve fiber bundle, is suitable for selective regulation of peripheral nerve. Meanwhile, the photoelectric combined stimulation can reduce both the electrical energy and light energy needed for the stimulation, and reduce the electrical damage and light damage to the nerve.
The bioinspired approach has been key in combining the disciplines of robotics with neuroscience in an effective and promising fashion. Indeed, certain aspects in the field of neuroscience, such as goal-directed locomotion and behaviour selection, can be validated through robotic artefacts. In particular, swimming is a functionally important behaviour where neuromuscular structures, neural control architecture and operation can be replicated artificially following models from biology and neuroscience. In this article, we present a biomimetic system inspired by the lamprey, an early vertebrate that locomotes using anguilliform swimming. The artefact possesses extra- and proprioceptive sensory receptors, muscle-like actuation, distributed embedded control and a vision system. Experiments on optimised swimming and on goal-directed locomotion are reported, as well as the assessment of the performance of the system, which shows high energy efficiency and adaptive behaviour. While the focus is on providing a robotic platform for testing biological models, the reported system can also be of major relevance for the development of engineering system applications.
This work evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of integrating the cold energy storage system and the electrical energy storage system in a refrigerated warehouse for shifting the power consumption. A dynamic model has been developed in TRNSYS®. Based on the dynamic simulation, the performance and benefit of those two types of energy storage systems were compared. Results showed that, the integration of a cold energy storage can reduce the electricity consumption and operational cost by 4.3% and 20.5%, respectively. Even though integrating a battery system will increase the electricity consumption by 3.9%, it can reduce the operational cost by 18.7%. The capacity of the energy storage systems, the battery price and the peak electricity price had been identified as key parameters affecting the performance and benefit. To achieve a payback period less than 3 year, for the integration of a cold energy storage system, the peak electricity price should be increased by 25% from the current level, while for the integration of a battery system, the battery price should drop to 0.7 kRMB/kWh.
We develop a simple and effective strategy to synthesize Cu-doped SnSe2 nanoflakes composites. The Cu doping plays triple roles in electrode: to buffer the volume change of SnSe2, to improve the conductivity of the electrode system, and to provide a considerable electrochemical catalytic function. From overall performance point of view, the SnSe2/0.4Cu sample exhibits the best lithium-storage performance with both superior cycling stability as well as excellent rate performance. Remarkably, the as-obtained SnSe2/0.4Cu exhibits a high initial reversible capacity of 583 mAh g−1 at a cycling rate of 0.1 C and 254 mAh g−1 after 100cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 45.6%. However, after 100cycles at 0.1 C, the capacity retention rates are 11.2%, 14.9%, 17.1%, 23.4% and 12.0% for pure SnSe2, SnSe2/0.1Cu, SnSe2/0.2Cu, SnSe2/0.3Cu and SnSe2/0.5Cu electrode, respectively. Besides, at a higher cycling rate of 0.5 C, the SnSe2/0.4Cu electrode can still achieve a high capacity of 165 mAh g−1, however, the value is just 36 mAh g−1 for pure SnSe2 electrode. Our work sufficiently evidences the great promotion of the capacity and stability of SnSe2 after a moderate amount of Cu doping as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The very effective and easy method developed in this study could be extended to other materials to improve their electrochemical performance through metal doping.
Lithium metal is the most promising anode for lithium rechargeable batteries due to the extra-high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, lithium dendrite growth and infinite volume change during reduplicative plating/stripping processes induce the security issue, low coulombic efficiency and poor cycle performance of lithium metal batteries. Here, with high tensile strength, elasticity and good chemical resistance, glass fiber films are employed as a three-dimensional host of lithium metal anode, on which, golden nanoparticles are coated by cool sputtering to direct the planiform deposition of lithium. Thanks to the effective suppression of lithium dendrite growth, a stable and reversible lithium metal anode is achieved with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.1% over 400 cycles in ether-based electrolyte (at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 for a total of 1 mAh cm−2 of lithium). Besides, compared with carbon nanofiber films which the voltage hysteresis increased drastically after 50 cycles, glass fiber films exhibit more stable cyclic performance over 200 cycles. Furthermore, a full battery when it is coupled the anode with lithium iron phosphate shows enhanced rate capability and high cycle stability with retention of 95.6% at 2C over 150 cycles, which demonstrates a promising high-energy and safe rechargeable lithium metal battery.
Herein, carbon-coated Mo3Sb7 composite (Mo3Sb7@C) is successfully synthesized via a high temperature reaction accompanied by post-milling, and investigated as an anode material for sodium ion batteries. The as-prepared Mo3Sb7@C demonstrates a capacity of 400 mAh g−1 at 0.2C (1C = 494 mA g−1), sustains 180 mAh g−1 at 20C, as well as maintains 338 mAh g−1 at 0.5C even after 800 cycles with a capacity retention of 91.8%, indicating an excellent cycling stability. The high performance of Mo3Sb7@C is expected to be ascribed to the buffer effect of Mo component for Sb associated with carbon coating and refined particle sizes of Mo3Sb7 during the cycling. In addition, a sodium ion full cell composing of Mo3Sb7@C anode and excessive Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode is constructed to testify the performance and possibility of Mo3Sb7@C used as full cell anode.
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are highly appealing next-generation anode for Li-ion battery owing to high energy density, conducting and porous structure, and a large number of ion-binding sites. However, the formation of micropores limits the ion/electrolyte diffusion at high discharge rate leading to underutilization of active material, capacity fading, and low cycle stability, hindering their practical application. Herein, we report mesoporous-rich carbon hybrid comprising of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived nitrogen-doped carbon-anchored graphene using melamine as the surface modifier and pore expander. A high specific capacity of 775 (after 1100 cycles) and 675 mAh g−1 (after 1000 cycles) were obtained at current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA g−1 (4C) which is two-fold higher than the initial capacity. The melamine-modified anode exhibited excellent cycle retention of 163% at 1000 mA g−1 after 800 cycles, compared to 91% for the unmodified anode, indicating the activation process through the mesoporous channels. Superior cycle retention and long cycle life were attributed to the melamine-induced features viz mesoporous structure and defective sites formed on carbon/graphene facilitating efficient electrolyte percolation/ion transport and Li-ion storage, respectively. This strategy provides a promising approach for the design of ZIFs-derived carbon materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
This paper presents a case study of a massive fish mortality during a Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii bloom in Aleksandrovac Lake, Serbia in mid-December 2012. According to a preliminary investigation of the samples taken on November 6 before the fish mortalities and to extended analyses of samples taken on November 15, no values of significant physicochemical parameters emerged to explain the cause(s) of the fish mortality. No industrial pollutants were apparent at this location, and results excluded the likelihood of bacterial infections. Even after freezing, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water was sufficient for fish survival. High concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin occurred in the lake, and phytoplankton bloom samples were lethal in Artemia salina bioassays. A bloom of the cyanobacterium C. raciborskii was recorded during November. Although the A. salina bioassays indicated the presence of toxic compounds in the cyanobacterial cells, the cyanotoxins, microcystins, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin were not detected.
A polymer matrix of poly(acrylonitrile-maleic anhydride) (P(AN-MAH)) is used to prepare a novel porous membranes by phase inversion. The membranes are immersed into liquid electrolyte to form gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) used in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The results indicate that P(AN-MAH) is successfully synthesized and the membrane of P(AN-MAH) copolymer with adding mass ratios of AN: MAH = 4:1 exhibits superior pore structure and better thermal stability compared with that of pure PAN membrane, which endows the corresponding GPE with excellent comprehensive performances: the considerable ionic conductivity (3.03 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature), fine compatibility between GPE and electrode, eminent lithium transference number (t Li + = 0.57), and high enough electrochemical stability potential (up to 5.4 V (vs. Li/Li+)). Accordingly, in constant current charging/discharging cycle, the prepared battery for the GPE also presents excellent initial discharge capacity, C-rate and cycling performances.
Schultheis MT, Manning K, Weisser V, Blasco A, Ang J, Wilkinson ME. Vision and driving in multiple sclerosis. Objective To examine the relationship between measures of visual dysfunction and driving performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Between-group comparison. Setting All data were collected in an outpatient research setting. Participants Persons (N=66) with MS of the relapsing remitting type (26 self-reporting visual difficulties; 40 self-reporting no visual difficulties) and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Measures of vision included visual acuity, depth perception, and color perception. Driving was measured using documented accident/violation rate and self-reported driving behaviors. Results Quantitative analysis only revealed that MS persons with self-reported visual difficulties performed significantly worse than healthy controls on color perception (Kruskal-Wallis; χ2 2=8.89, P=.01). There were no group differences on driving behaviors, and correlational analysis revealed a lack of relationship between the selected visual (visual acuity, depth perception, color perception) and driving performance measures (documented accident/violation rate and self-limiting driving behaviors). Conclusions Persons with MS who self-reported difficulties with vision had acceptable visual acuity, despite demonstrating impairment in color perception. The fact that visual acuity remains the most common measure for visual fitness to drive remains problematic. There is a need to further define measures of visual dysfunction relevant to driving among this clinical population.
Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production of the endogenous peptide apelin, induced by muscle contraction, is reduced in an age-dependent manner in humans and rodents and is positively associated with the beneficial effects of exercise in older persons. Mice deficient in either apelin or its receptor (APLNR) presented dramatic alterations in muscle function with increasing age. Various strategies that restored apelin signaling during aging further demonstrated that this peptide considerably enhanced muscle function by triggering mitochondriogenesis, autophagy and anti-inflammatory pathways in myofibers as well as enhancing the regenerative capacity by targeting muscle stem cells. Taken together, these findings revealed positive regulatory feedback between physical activity, apelin and muscle function and identified apelin both as a tool for diagnosis of early sarcopenia and as the target of an innovative pharmacological strategy to prevent age-associated muscle weakness and restore physical autonomy.
Silicon (Si) used as negative electrode in a Li-ion battery (LIB) is highly attractive for its high energy density, safe cycling, and nontoxicity. However its alloying mechanism with Li induces material pulverization, which leads to a rapid capacity fade. In this work, annealing post treatment was used in order to tune the morphological properties of porous silicon. Playing on annealing temperature, the morphological modification induces electrochemical behavior changes in LIB. The porosification is an interesting way to accommodate the volume expansion occurring during the alloying process. Increase of the annealing temperature leads to porous Si pores and walls reorganization, which has a positive impact on battery performance likely due to a higher wettability of the Si electrode with electrolyte. 700 °C appeared to be the optimized annealing temperature.
The current study presents a 32-week intervention for kindergarten children from low socio-economic backgrounds. The main contribution of this study resides in the interdisciplinary development of the intervention, made in close collaboration between educational researchers, and researchers in cognitive neuroscience and developmental psychology. The intervention was implemented by teachers through class activities, to promote executive functions and academic achievement. These activities were articulated into the current kindergarten curriculum and, at the same time, built upon concepts and methodologies of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience for executive functions training. Results showed: (1) non-significant differences between groups in cognitive performance from pre- to post-training assessment, and (2) significant differences in academic achievement for Language, Mathematics, Autonomy, and Contact with peers in first grade. Our study sets a precedent for future interdisciplinary work bridging the gap between developmental psychology and education, which we believe will prove key to improving academic success.
Developing two dimensional (2D) graphene-based nanomaterials with surface-to-surface architectures has been an important strategy for achieving high-performance lithium ion electrodes. However, almost all of them involve multistep procedures and expensive precursors. This paper reports a novel 2D nanocomposites composed of ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on V2O5 nanosheets via a one-pot hydrothermal method, which exhibit high reversible capacities and rate stabilities. The enhanced electrochemical performances compared to pure SnO2 nanoparticles have been attributed to the effective prevention of self-agglomerations of the pulverized nanograins upon cycling. We speculate that the 2D V2O5 nanosheets with layered structures maybe a good substitute for the graphene nanosheets.
Integration of renewable energy systems with the appropriate technology plays a pivotal role in resolving the problem of sustainable energy supply. This paper is aimed to describe the concept of integration of biomass and solar concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) energy system. The present study focused particularly on the investigation of performance and emission from a 1.4 kVA Spark Ignition, constant speed generator using raw biogas integrated in hybrid energy system. The experiments are conducted at different fuel flow rates under varying electric loading conditions. Comparing with LPG as fuel, the power deterioration is observed to be 32% on raw biogas, due to its low calorific value. The maximum power output and brake thermal efficiency using biogas is witnessed to be 812 W and 19.50% respectively. The exhaust emission analysis of generator using biogas displays considerably reduced carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons whereas there is no significant difference in nitrogen oxides concentration levels while comparing with LPG, ascertaining it to be an eco-friendly fuel. The biogas fuelled electric generator integration with CPV system can attain sustainable rural energy supply.
Newly designed oxide glass–ceramic electrolyte of Li2.9B0.9S0.1O3.1 with high Li+ ion conductivity and low melting property was prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent heat treatment at 290 °C. This material showed 1.4 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature and excellent deformation properties to obtain powder-compressed pellets with low interfacial resistance like in the case of sulfide solid electrolytes. The glass–ceramic exhibited favorable mechanical properties to form favorable solid–solid contacts in solid-state batteries by pressing without high temperature heat treatments. All-solid-state In/LiCoO2 cells using these oxide glass–ceramic electrolytes operated as secondary batteries at room temperature.
In situ hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at metal K-edges and soft XAS at O K-edge and metal L-edges have been carried out during the first charging process for the layered Li1−x Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material. The metal K-edge XAS results show that the major charge compensation at the metal site during Li-ion deintercalation is achieved by the oxidation of Ni ions, while the cobalt ions remain mostly unchanged in the Co3+ state. Ni LII,III-edge and O K-edge XAS results in both the fluorescence yield (FY) and partial electron yield (PEY) modes show that substantial amount of Ni ions at the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 powders exist as Ni2+, whereas most of Ni ions in the bulk are in the form of Ni3+. Therefore, if the PEY mode, which is a surface-sensitive technique, is used alone, the interpretation of the results is limited to the surface structures only. In order to get the full picture of both the surface and the bulk, the FY mode and PEY mode should be used simultaneously.
Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries have been under intense study over the last ten years, due to the growing interest in high gravimetric energy storage systems. In this work, isothermal micro-calorimetry technique was applied to pouch and cylindrical Li/S cells, in the aim to better understand the cycling mechanism of Li/S system and corresponding degradation phenomena. Correlation of the measured heat generation flow with the electrochemical and chemical processes occurring during both discharge and charge of Li/S cells has been carried out, at different C rates and ageing conditions. This work allowed to confirm the relevancy of operando calorimetry measurements for diagnostic purposes of the Li/S system.