batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
We have previously reported that nuclear expression of the Hippo transducer TAZ in association with Wnt pathway mutations negatively impacts survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. Here, we extended these previous findings by investigating another oncogenic cooperation, namely, the interplay between YAP, the TAZ paralogue, and p53. The molecular output of the YAP-p53 cooperation is dependent on TP53 mutational status. In the absence of mutations, the YAP-p53 crosstalk elicits a pro-apoptotic response, whereas in the presence of TP53 mutations it activates a pro-proliferative transcriptional program. In order to study this phenomenon, we re-analyzed data from 83 advanced GC patients treated with chemotherapy whose tissue samples had been characterized for YAP expression (immunohistochemistry, IHC) and TP53 mutations (deep sequencing). In doing so, we generated a molecular model combining nuclear YAP expression in association with TP53 missense variants (YAP+/TP53mut(mv)). Surprisingly, this signature was associated with a decreased risk of disease progression (multivariate Cox for progression-free survival: HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.91, p = 0.022). The YAP+/TP53mut(mv) model was also associated with better OS in the subgroup of patients who received chemotherapy beyond the first-line setting (multivariate Cox: HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.81, p = 0.013). Collectively, our findings suggest that the oncogenic cooperation between YAP and mutant p53 may translate into better survival outcomes. This apparent paradox can be explained by the pro-proliferative program triggered by YAP and mutant p53, that supposedly renders cancer cells more vulnerable to cytotoxic therapies.
We demonstrate a novel strategy to enhance sulfur loading and rate performance for Li–S battery by synchronously coupling a nanostructured cathode with an antifouling separator via a facile electrostatic self-assembly approach. The assembly of two dimensional (2D) MXene and positively charged 1D CNT-Polyethyleneimine was observed to controllably address the key issues of sluggish ionic transport, and produce an integrate cathode with dynamic crosslinking network. Moreover, an antifouling separator is proposed by this strategy for the first time, which features well-organized inter-lamellar porosity, dual polarity and high conductivity. The antifouling separator is found to play a pivotal role in: 1) low-order polysulfide activation, 2) high rate cyclability, and 3) Li dendrites inhibition. Our integrated design realizes a long-term capacity of 980 mAh g−1 at 5 mA cm−2 over 500 cycles (sulfur loading: 2.6 mg cm−2). Furthermore, a flexible self-assembled cathode with high loading (5.8 mg cm−2) and superb mechanical strength (13 MPa), demonstrates an appealing areal capacity of 7.1 mAh cm−2 and rate performance at nearly 10 mA cm−2.
The ternary alloy Li5AlSi2 is successfully synthesized by a hydrogen-driven chemical reaction at 500–650 °C and used as an anode for Li-ion batteries. It is observed that a higher dehydrogenation temperature induces a higher phase purity and a larger particle size and that the Li5AlSi2 prepared at 600 °C exhibits the best electrochemical properties. The Li5AlSi2 prepared at 600 °C delivers a Li-extraction capacity of approximately 849 mAh/g at 100 mA/g via a two-step reaction in the first charge cycle, corresponding to 3.8 mol Li ions. More interestingly, the Li-insertion capacity of the delithiated sample reaches 1303 mAh/g during the subsequent discharge process, much higher than the previous Li-extraction capacity. The capacity retention is determined to be approximately 59% after 25 cycles, which is superior to that of the sample prepared by the conventional melting technique. Structural analyses and CV measurements reveal that the active lithium storage species is converted to the amorphous Li–Si and Li–Al alloys instead of the initial Li5AlSi2 after 1 charge/discharge cycle, which is believed to be the most important reason for the rapid capacity fading upon cycling.
Graphite exfoliation at a low potential has long been an issue for lithium-ion cells using a propylene carbonate (PC) based electrolyte. Two different mechanisms have been proposed in literature to explain this structural degradation. In this study, the initial lithium intercalation temperature is found to have a great impact on the extent of the graphite exfoliation. At an elevated temperature, the exfoliation can be largely suppressed and the irreversible capacity loss is reduced substantially. After the initial cycling at 50°C, the graphite anode can be cycled in a PC-based electrolyte at room temperature without the exfoliation problem. It is also discovered that such a graphite anode gives rise to a specific capacity of over 372mAhg−1 at 50°C and a room temperature capacity higher than that of a graphite anode with the initial lithium intercalation at room temperature. This finding sheds a new light on the exfoliation mechanism. It may lead to a simple cycling procedure that allows us to make rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with better safety and higher capacity.
Aiming at a long-term stable and safe operation of rechargeable lithium-ion cells, elementary design aspects and degradation phenomena have to be considered depending on the specific application. Among the degrees of freedom in cell design, electrode balancing is of particular interest and has a distinct effect on useable capacity and voltage range. Concerning intrinsic degradation modes, understanding the underlying electrochemical processes and tracing the overall degradation history are the most crucial tasks. In this study, a model-based, minimal parameter framework for combined elucidation of electrode balancing and degradation pathways in commercial lithium-ion cells is introduced. The framework rests upon the simulation of full cell voltage profiles from the superposition of equivalent, artificially degraded half-cell profiles and allows to separate aging contributions from loss of available lithium and active materials in both electrodes. A physically meaningful coupling between thermodynamic and kinetic degradation modes based on the correlation between altered impedance features and loss of available lithium as well as loss of active material is proposed and validated by a low temperature degradation profile examined in one of our recent publications. The coupled framework is able to determine the electrode balancing within an error range of < 1% and the projected cell degradation is qualitatively and quantitatively in line with experimental observations.
In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for soluble lead redox flow battery. The model accounts for simultaneous effect of forced convection and induced free convection in electrolyte domain of the battery. It predicts existence of dominant free convection over the forced convection in vicinity of the electrodes. The predictions suggests that both, electrode kinetics and ion transfer assisted by free convection alone, controls charge-discharge characteristics of the battery. The free convection augments ion transfer rate to the electrodes. By virtue of this, limiting current density at the electrodes increases to twice the theoretical limit under forced convection. The predictions coherently explains Collins et al. [1]‘s observations of high charge efficiencies when charging currents are higher than the theoretical limit. Also, the model consistently explains Pletcher et al. [2]‘s observation of insensitivity of the battery characteristics to the electrolyte flow rate. The model predicts satisfactory battery performance even at microscopic (μL s−1) flow rates which opens up the possibility for significant reduction in electrolyte pumping cost.
Continuum-level mass and electronic transport through solid oxide cell electrodes, inclusive of ribbed interconnects, are modeled employing analytical solutions of the 2D Laplace equation. These analytical solutions describe localized mass and electronic transport phenomena in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and localized mass transport phenomena in SOFC cathodes. Two-dimensional constriction resistance effects created by reductions in active transport area are shown to significantly increase internal cell resistances by increasing transport path lengths within a cross-sectional region of the cell. Furthermore, these effects can alter cell performance with respect to fuel depletion phenomena and create a competition of losses between mass and electronic transport resistances. Fuel depletion is shown to occur at a current density lower than the traditionally defined limiting current density. An analytical expression for this fuel depletion current density is proposed based upon the models developed. The competition between mass transfer and electronic resistance effects arising from solid oxide cell interconnect geometry is also characterized through parametric studies based on a design of experiments (DOEs) approach. These studies demonstrate the benefits of smaller SOFC unit cell geometry.
Sodium-ion battery is being regraded as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries in view of low-cost and high energy density. However, poor cycle life accompanying huge electrode swelling of existing metal based anode are the main issues to be solved. Sb2S3 embedded in amorphous phosphorus/carbon matrix is synthesized from P2S5, Sb, and carbon by using a facile mechano-chemical method and subsequent heat treatment, which is investigated on its potential as anode material for rechargeable sodium ion batteries. Several analytical tools including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) reveal that as-synthesized composite is composed of Sb2S3 nano-crystallites (less than 10nm) dispersed in robust phosphorus/carbon (P/C) composite matrix. Although Sb2S3 nano-domain converts to the Sb and S during sodiation, the recombination of Sb and S to form the original Sb2S3 phase is also confirmed by HR-TEM image of the subsequently desodiated electrode. This composite electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performances including a high reversible capacity of 654mAhg−1 with well controlled electrode swelling of 62% at fully charged state, an excellent cycle stability with a capacity retention of 93.4% after 100th cycle at 50mAg−1 for sodium ion batteries. Furthermore, even at a high current density of 2000mAg−1 (3C rate), a desodiation capacity of 390mAhg−1 is achieved. These outstanding electrochemical performances are attributed to the effective mechanical-buffering and electrical-conduction properties of the amorphous P/C composite matrix, which also prevent the aggregation of electroactive particles reacting with Na.
A carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for lithium ion batteries was synthesized by a sol–gel method using V2O5, H2O2, NH4H2PO4, LiOH and citric acid as starting materials, and its physicochemical properties were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and electrochemical methods. The sample prepared displays a monoclinic structure with a space group of P21/n, and its surface is covered with a rough and porous carbon layer. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.3V, the Li3V2(PO4)3 electrode displays a large reversible capacity, good rate capability and excellent cyclic stability at both 25 and 55°C. The largest reversible capacity of 130mAhg−1 was obtained at 0.1C and 55°C, nearly equivalent to the reversible cycling of two lithium ions per Li3V2(PO4)3 formula unit (133mAhg−1). It was found that the increase in total carbon content can improve the discharge performance of the Li3V2(PO4)3 electrode. In the voltage range of 3.0–4.8V, the extraction and reinsertion of the third lithium ion in the carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 host are almost reversible, exhibiting a reversible capacity of 177mAhg−1 and good cyclic performance. The reasons for the excellent electrochemical performance of the carbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material were also discussed.
The potential of B4C as a metal-free catalyst for vanadium redox reactions is investigated by first-principles calculations. Results show that the central carbon atom of B4C can act as a highly active reaction site for redox reactions, due primarily to the abundant unpaired electrons around it. The catalytic effect is then verified experimentally by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, both of which demonstrate that B4C nanoparticles can enhance the kinetics for both V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2 + redox reactions, indicating a bi-functional effect. The B4C-nanoparticle-modified graphite felt electrodes are finally prepared and tested in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is shown that the batteries with the prepared electrodes exhibit energy efficiencies of 88.9% and 80.0% at the current densities of 80 and 160 mA cm−2, which are 16.6% and 18.8% higher than those with the original graphite felt electrodes. With a further increase in current densities to 240 and 320 mA cm−2, the batteries can still maintain energy efficiencies of 72.0% and 63.8%, respectively. All these results show that the B4C-nanoparticle-modified graphite felt electrode outperforms existing metal-free catalyst modified electrodes, and thus can be promising electrodes for VRFBs.
A double-layer dual-composite cathode is fabricated and has an ideal cathode microstructure with large electrochemical active sites and enhanced the durability in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The insertion of a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-rich functional layer between the electrolyte and the electrode allows for a graded transition of the YSZ phase, which enhances ionic percolation and minimizes the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the double-layer composite cathode exhibits improved cathodic performance and long-term stability compared with a single-layer composite cathode. A cell with a well-controlled cathode maintains nearly constant interfacial polarization resistance during an 80h accelerated lifetime test.
To evaluate and compare structural connectivity using graph theoretical analysis in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and healthy subjects.
The growing concern regarding the threat to human health posed by mercury in the environment has prompted the Swedish Government to plan for disposal of mercury-containing waste in deep geologic formations. The purpose of the present 3-year project is to determine the major prerequisites and evaluate the feasibility of utilising bentonite barriers for such a purpose. The scope of the present paper is to present the results from the work carried out during the first year. The design concept should be such that the excellent materials properties of high-density bentonite can be utilised. Also, the chemistry should be adjusted in such a way that any deterioration of bentonite becomes tolerable, and such that the mercury species in solution either appear in low concentration, or in a form that has a low mobility. It is concluded that safety analyses may be based on modelling of the speciation in combination with diffusion through bentonite in one dimension. The results of such modelling will be compared with actual migration data from actual waste forms comprising highly compacted mixtures of spent mercury-containing batteries and bentonite.
The accumulation of insulating lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) in the air cathode is one of the major obstacles hindering the long-term operation of Li-air batteries. Here two redox mediators (RMs), mononuclear and binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (mono-CoPc and bi-CoPc), are investigated as mobile catalysts to facilitate decomposition of Li2CO3. Although both RMs possess suitable redox couples at certain potentials, only bi-CoPc significantly accelerates Li2CO3 oxidation by 2.88 times, which probably requires two electrons donated to one RM molecule rather than tandem electron transfer with different molecules. The excellent catalytic effect of bi-CoPc relies on the relatively lower potential of its second active redox couple, ~3.82V vs. Li/Li+, while that of mono-CoPc (4.31V vs. Li/Li+) is beyond the electrolyte's stability window. The addition of bi-CoPc improves the cathode's cyclability by 8 times to 171 cycles under CO2/O2 (2:1, v/v) and 6 times to 211 cycles under N2/O2 (78:22, v/v) with cut-off capacity of 500mAhg−1. The results clearly demonstrate that Li2CO3 could be efficiently removed with appropriate mobile catalysts via 2-electron transfer. These mobile catalysts also shed light on the new approaches for further development of viable air cathode enabling long-term rechargeability of Li-air batteries.
Commercial 18650 LiFePO4 (LFP)/graphite cells were subject to deep charge-discharge cycling and constant voltage storage tests. The capacity decay of the cells under charge-discharge cycling was correlated with lithium deposition on the graphite surface. The results show that lithium inventory loss is the main cause for the capacity loss and the majority of active lithium loss can be found on the graphite surface due to the growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). When the cells were held at different voltages for 60 days, negligible capacity loss was obtained compared to that underwent deep charge-discharge cycling, implying that cell voltage is not an important factor affecting the SEI stability and lithium consumption. The damage and repair of SEI film mainly results from the volume change of graphite particle due to lithium insertion and extraction.
Kenneth JA Brookes, consultant editor, provides an advance look at EPMA's autumn conference and exhibition.
Battery cell life depends critically on how the cell is used. Therefore, battery chargers and battery management systems must be designed to control cell usage carefully. In order to design optimal battery controls that effect a tradeoff between cell performance (in some sense) and cell life, a model of cell degradation is necessary. This model must be simple and incremental in order to be implemented by an inexpensive microcontroller. This paper takes a first step toward developing such a controls-oriented comprehensive cell degradation model by deriving a reduced-order model of a single mechanism: the growth process of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, along with the resulting resistance rise and capacity loss. This reduced-order model approximates a physics-based PDE model from the literature, is simple and accurate, and may be used in optimal strategies for controlling lithium-ion batteries.
A process for reclaiming the materials in spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide (Zn–Mn) batteries collected from the manufacturers to prepare valuable electrolytic zinc and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials is presented. After dismantling battery cans, the iron cans, covers, electric rods, organic separator, label, sealing materials, and electrolyte are separated through the washing, magnetic separation, filtrating, and sieving operations. Then, the powder residues react with H2SO4 (2molL−1) solution to dissolve zinc under a liquid/solid ratio of 3:1 at room temperature, and subsequently, the electrolytic Zn with purity of ⩾99.8% is recovered in an electrolytic cell with a cathode efficiency of ⩾85% under the conditions of 37–40°C and 300Am−2. The most of MnO2 and a small quantity of electrolytic MnO2 are recovered from the filtration residue and the electrodeposit on the anode of electrolytic cell, respectively. The recovered manganese oxides are used to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material of lithium-ion battery. The as-synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 discharges 118.3mAhg−1 capacity and 4.7V voltage plateau, which is comparable to the sample synthesized using commercial electrolytic MnO2. This process can recover the substances in the spent Zn–Mn batteries and innocuously treat the wastewaters, indicating that it is environmentally acceptable and applicable.
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as promising alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. However, their inferior electrochemical performances, especially cyclability and rate capability become the major challenge for further development of SIBs. Herein, Sb/C composite prepared via an efficient and facile method with alginate as precursor has been evaluated as anode material for sodium ion batteries. This method shows unique role in formation of porous Sb/C composite, controlling the particle size and achieving excellent carbon coating. Such a composite demonstrates high specific capacity (423mAhg−1 at 0.1Ag−1), good rate capability (226mAhg−1 at 15Ag−1), and excellent cycle life (81.4% capacity retention for 200 cycles at 2Ag−1). The facile synthesis and superior electrochemical performance of the Sb/C composite render it a promising anode material for high-performance SIBs. Furthermore, our study shows a feasible and effective way to prepare transition metal (oxides) and porous carbon nanocomposite for SIBs.
Two different kinds of hollow spherical materials Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 which are assembled by the nanoplate-shaped particles and the quasi-sphere shaped particles, have been prepared through the homogeneous precipitation of metal oxalate precursor and subsequent solid state reaction with lithium nitrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the two as-prepared samples have a good layered structure and solid solution characteristic. As the lithium-ion battery cathode, the as-prepared sample exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 286.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C between 2.0 and 4.8 V, and a discharge capacity of 240.9 mAh g−1 can be retained after 50 cycles. The structure of hollow spherical material is assembled with nanoplate-shaped particles, which is beneficial for improving the rate performance. It is due to the shortened transmission distance for Li+ from the cathode materials to electrolyte. At the charge–discharge rate of 1.0 C, a stable discharge capacity of 170.5 mAh g−1 also can be reached after 112 cycles with capacity retention of 86.2%. Meanwhile, the relationship of structure and electrochemical performance is also discussed in detail.
The ionic and electronic effective conductivities of an electrode mixture layers for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries containing Li2SP2S5 as a solid electrolyte were investigated by AC impedance measurements and analysis using a transmission-line model (TLM). Samples containing graphite (graphite electrodes) or LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM electrodes) as the active material were measured under a “substrate | sample | bulk electrolyte | sample | substrate” configuration (ion-electron connection) and a “substrate | sample | substrate” configuration (electron-electron connection). Theoretically, if the electronic resistance is negligibly small, which is the case with our graphite electrodes, measurement with the ion-electron connection should be effective for evaluating ionic conductivity. However, if the electronic resistance is comparable to the ionic resistance, which is the case with our NCM electrodes, the results with the ion-electron connection may contain some inherent inaccuracy. In this report, we theoretically and practically demonstrate the advantage of analyzing the results with the electron-electron connection, which gives both the ionic and electronic conductivities. The similarity of the behavior of ionic conductivity with the graphite and NCM electrodes confirms the reliability of this analysis.