batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This research explored the basic issue of what preparedness means and entails to people in Fako Division, Cameroon—a place threated by many hazards and that has experienced many disasters. Findings from the analysis of the 33 interviews conducted in this study indicate that preparedness is a dynamic state of readiness that is dependent on context, a social process, and a process of completing activities to save lives and minimize the effects of disasters. In addition, the research determined that Cameroonians view a wholly prepared person as someone who would: (1) have knowledge about hazards and what to do about them; (2) engage others, including their families and neighbors, in discussions about activities related to hazards; and (3) participate in activities to minimize loss from hazards, sustain themselves in the face of hazards, and flee from hazards. The findings from the interview data synchronize to a large extent with what is implied, but not clearly stated, in the existing research literature. The article addresses this synchrony, posits a definition of preparedness, and identifies the theoretical components of preparedness.
Lithium iron oxide nanoparticles with the layered rocksalt structure (O3-LiFeO2) were synthesized by ion exchange from size-controlled α-NaFeO2 particles. 40-nm-sized O3-LiFeO2 exhibited intercalation characteristics for cell voltages in the range 2.0–4.5V. A plateau region around 4V was observed in the first charge curve. Mechanistic studies using Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the oxidation state of Fe did not change and that a phase transition from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry occurred during the initial charging process, indicating oxygen release with lithium deintercalation. The cubic phase showed a reversible charge/discharge capacity. To investigate the detailed mechanism, LiFeO2−d with oxygen-vacancy defects was directly synthesized using CaH2 as a reducing agent. The phase with oxygen-vacancy defects contained a larger amount of the cubic phase and had a narrower plateau region during the first charge cycle than LiFeO2 nanoparticles, which is similar to LiFeO2 nanoparticles after initial charging. These results demonstrate that the extraction of oxygen leads to the cation-distribution changes in LiFeO2 during the initial charge process.
An attempt was made to clarify the transport mechanism of a promising energy storage system of Al–I2 batteries in both aqueous and non-aqueous solution for the first time. The different discharge features of the Al–I2 cells in the water and the acetonitrile solution were revealed. Ac impedance spectra indicated that the resistance of the Al/I2 cell in water solution reduced during discharging process gradually, while the resistance of the Al/I2 cell in the acetonitrile solution increased during discharging process. This could be due to the formation of a layer of amorphous AlI3 on the surface of aluminum anode, which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction measurements. An I− ion conductor, LiI-(3-hydroxypropionitrile)4 (LiI(HPN)4) with 15wt% SiO2/I2 cell was used as a solid electrolyte sandwiched between Al and I2 electrode to assemble the solid-state Al–I2 cell for further clarifying the transport mechanism. Our results demonstrated that the transport mechanism of Al–I2 cell in the water may be involved in both cation and anion transport mechanism, but in non-aqueous solution, it may be involved in cation transport mechanism.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with adjustable structures and large surface areas are attracting ever-increasing attention in the field of next-generation energy storage. However, it still remains a great challenge to directly adopt MOFs as binder-free electrode materials resulting from their poor conductivity and form of bulk powders. Herein, we reported a novel self-sacrificed route to construct three dimensional conductive vanadium-based MOFs (V-MOFs, MIL-47) nanowire-bundle arrays on carbon nanotube fibers as advanced cathodes for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Contributed by their abundant active sites, high conductivity, and hierarchical porosity, the assembled Zn-ion battery delivered a high volumetric capacity of 101.8 mAh cm−3 at a current density of 0.1 A cm−3 and an excellent rate capability (64.3% of initial capacity after a 50-fold increase in current density) in an aqueous electrolyte. More importantly, the assembled all-solid-state flexible fiber-shaped Zn-ion battery simultaneously exhibited both high energy density (17.4 mWh cm−3) and power density (1.46 W cm−3). Thus, this work demonstrates that the developed V-MOF is a promising candidate for cathode materials in Zn-ion batteries, paving the way for the construction of transition-metal-based conductive MOFs nanowires on current collectors for next-generation energy storage devices.
Adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly experience impairments in multiple domains of daily living. Work has a central role in daily life and is susceptible to ADHD due to its cognitive demands. The present study seeks to examine the nature of work-related problems and impairments of adults with ADHD, and explores the association to ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological test performance. A community sample of 1231 individuals took part in this study and completed a set of questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms and work-related problems. Furthermore, a clinical sample of 134 adults diagnosed with ADHD were recruited from an ADHD outpatient clinic, who completed the same set of questionnaires. A subsample of 51 patients with ADHD additionally performed a neuropsychological assessment using tests of attention and executive functions. Work-related problems were found both in individuals of the community sample with symptoms of ADHD and individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Individuals with ADHD reported work related problems particularly in not meeting their own standards and perceived potential, yet it less commonly manifests in negative performance evaluations at work or job loss. ADHD symptoms, in particular symptoms of inattention, were found to be strongly associated with work-related problems, whereas neuropsychological test performance was no meaningful predictor of functioning at work. This study emphasizes the susceptibility of individuals’ functioning at work to ADHD symptoms and impairments associated with ADHD. ADHD related difficulties at work should be considered in the clinical evaluation and targeted screening at the work place to provide support when indicated.
The novel gadgets are associated constantly at a quick phase for the development of Internet of Things (IoT). Wearable gadgets are another gathering development in those available gadgets. The recent method in gadgets is to coordinate with IoT and idea is implementing the remote sensor systems that convey novel encounters in day by day exercises. Here, I exhibit a regular day to day existence application including a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for gaming situation. By using this, the physical factors of sports person are estimated and directed by wearable gadgets to Wireless Sensor Networks. The end goal to incorporate diverse equipment stages and to present an administration situated semantic middleware arrangement hooked on a solitary request also utilization of Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is introduced as a scaffold to ensure coordination of the distinctive conditions and interoperability. Through proposed method everyone can procure information by introducing framework to fresh client. Those clients would be able to get to the information through a wide assortment of gadgets (cell phones, tablets, and PCs) and working frameworks (Android, Windows, Linux, iOS, and so on). Finally we introduced one case study of football match for monitoring 11 players and acquiring data’s and to predict the real time situation in football ground.
A new strategy involving the introduction of the common cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for the cathodic deposition of titanium dioxide from hydrolyzed TiCl4 and TiCl3 solutions by cyclic voltammetry has been developed. Crack-free and non-transparent anatase TiO2 films were obtained for the first time and characterized with the aid of Raman spectra and SEM. Selection of TiCl4 as the precursor for the electrodeposition is quite a novel approach for the research in the area of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It is noted that NO3 − ion is essential for such a deposition. Under the same conditions, a thicker TiO2 film was obtained by adding CTAB into KNO3 electrolyte, compared with the case without it. The CTAB-promoted film led to an increased energy conversion efficiency of the corresponding DSSC. Mechanisms are proposed for the electrochemical deposition and the beneficial role of CTAB.
Room-temperature sodium metal batteries with metallic Na anodes and flammable organic solvent-based electrolytes are breeding severe safety concerns. Herein, by introducing non-flammable, highly-fluorinated ethers as bridge solvents, we enable superior miscibility of an all-fluoride fire extinguishant into fluorinated carbonate electrolytes. Besides the intrinsic non-flammability of the designed electrolyte, the embedded PFMP extinguishant further enhances the battery safety by its efficacy to in situ dissipate the internal heat at an elevated temperature (ΔH = +88.1 J g−1). Moreover, the cyclability is greatly improved by using such an electrolyte. The Na/Na symmetrical cells can cycle for 1100 h at 1.0 mA h cm−2 and more than 800 h at 5.0 mA h cm−2. Paired with a high voltage Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode, the full cell exhibits a high initial coulombic efficiency of 94.7% and a capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles at 0.5C, which is mainly ascribed to the thin F-rich interphases established on both the Na metal anode and the cathode.
The drastic volume change is the major drawback limiting stannic oxide as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) EG@SnO2@PANI composite is synthesized via solvothermal method followed by in-situ oxidative polymerization. Compare with the bare SnO2 and EG@SnO2 samples, the rate performance and cycling stability of the EG@SnO2@PANI sample have been enhanced, which can be attributed to the dual conductive networks of polyaniline (PANI) with expanded graphite (EG). As a result, the 3D EG@SnO2@PANI composite not only delivers a higher initial columbic efficiency of 77.8%, an excellent initial reversible capacity of 1021mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.1Ag−1 but also still maintains at 408mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. And it exhibits enhanced rate performance, which remains at 270mAhg−1 with 2Ag−1. Consequently, preparing EG@SnO2@PANI is a suitable strategy to develop SnO2 anode materials for lithium batteries.
Li4Ti5O12/C nano-particles is synthesized at 800°C, and investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM, and the carbon in the composite is detected by Raman spectroscopy. Experimental results indicate that compared with those synthesized at 600, 700 and 900°C and pure Li4Ti5O12 the Li4Ti5O12/C nanoparticles synthesized at 800°C remarkably enhances the rate performance and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries with nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 used as anode exhibit an excellent reversible capacity of 169, 141, 132, 106 and 82mAhg−1, at the current density of 1C, 10C, 20C, 40C and 80C, respectively.
One of the functions most affected by the aging process is our memory for personally experienced past events, or episodic memory. The advent of human brain imaging techniques has greatly advanced our knowledge of the neural basis of episodic memory and its decline with age. Both structural and functional neuroimaging studies indicate important roles for medial temporal and prefrontal regions in age-related memory decline. Intriguingly, recent findings indicate that aging is not exclusively associated with decline. In fact, some older adults seem to cope with brain decline by shifting to alternative brain resources that can compensate for their memory deficits.
Talent identification at a young age is deemed essential for many national sporting organisations to increase the chances of success for their players on the international stage. Talent identification methods can be imprecise and national tennis associations and coaches often identify talent based on performances at youth tournaments and junior rankings. However, not much is known about the relationship between the international competition performances of young tennis players and later success. This relationship is explored in this study using comparisons based on: (a) the results of 3521 players at U14 youth tournaments; (b) the rankings of 377 junior players (U18) by the International Tennis Federation; (c) the rankings of 727 professional male players by the Association of Tennis Professionals; and (d) the rankings of 779 professional players by the Women's Tennis Association. Junior performances (U18) and performances at youth tournaments (U14) appear to have a low success rate in predicting later success. No distinct age was found at which players should start to perform in order to be successful at the professional level. It is concluded that even though good performances at young ages increase athletes’ chances to become elite players, they are not a precondition for achieving later success. Therefore, this study informs talent scouts, sport development officers, coaches and high performance managers of the role that performances at international youth competitions may play in talent identification in tennis.
To realize all-solid-state thin-film microbatteries, robust anode candidates play a key role. SrLi2Ti6O14 forms one such Ti-based anode with ideal combination of electrochemical performance and operational safety. In the current work, SrLi2Ti6O14 anode thin-films were deposited on stainless steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystallinity and phase-purity of these films with preferred orientation. They were found to have uniform thickness with homogeneous morphology as revealed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. These as-deposited thin-film anodes exhibited active electrochemical behavior, delivering a reversible capacity over 160 mAh.g−1 without any carbon or conductive additives. Involving a Ti4+/Ti3+ redox activity around 1.4 V lying in the safe operational window of organic electrolytes, the SrLi2Ti6O14 thin film forms a promising anode candidate for Li-ion micro-batteries.
Carbonate electrolytes are commonly used in commercial non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. However, the high affinity between the solvents and the ions and high flammability of the carbonate electrolytes limits the battery operation temperature window to −20 to + 50 °C and the voltage window to 0.0 to 4.3 V. Here, we tame the affinity between solvents and Li ions by dissolving fluorinated electrolytes into highly fluorinated non-polar solvents. In addition to their non-flammable characteristic, our electrolytes enable high electrochemical stability in a wide voltage window of 0.0 to 5.6 V, and high ionic conductivities in a wide temperature range from −125 to + 70 °C. We show that between −95 and + 70 °C, the electrolytes enable LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes to achieve high Coulombic efficiencies of >99.9%, and the aggressive Li anodes and the high-voltage (5.4 V) LiCoMnO4 to achieve Coulombic efficiencies of >99.4% and 99%, respectively. Even at −85 °C, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 || Li battery can still deliver ~50% of its room-temperature capacity.
Diffusion in alloying anode materials was previously viewed as solute diffusion in conventional alloys. However, solute diffusion, neglecting the presence of a thin intermediate reaction layer between the unreacted anode material and inflowing carrier ions, is insufficient to account for the diffusion kinetics in alloying anodes and their influence on the electrochemical properties of batteries. Here, by performing a comparative study on Na-Sb and Na-Sn battery systems displaying differing diffusion kinetics, we establish the relationship between diffusion kinetics and electrochemical properties for batteries. In situ microelectrochemical experiments show that sodiation in Na-Sb and Na-Sn systems is governed by an interface-controlled reaction (ICR) and a diffusion-controlled reaction (DCR), respectively, causing them to display significantly different diffusion rates, diffusion anisotropy, and possibly self-limiting diffusion of carrier ions. Density functional theory calculations are performed to elucidate the structural origin of the observed diffusion behaviors. It is found that the different degrees of structural stability evaluated for the propagating interfaces of the two systems are responsible for the differing diffusion kinetics, which in turn determine the respective diffusion rates and diffusion anisotropy of the anode materials. The present study provides crude yet quantitative guidelines for selecting battery materials and can be used to develop fast-charging batteries with high stability and improved cycle life.
In order to modify the cycle stability of low-Co AB5-type alloy, a trace of boron was added in MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2 hydrogen storage alloy. The low-Co AB5-type alloys MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2B x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were prepared by cast and rapid quenching. The cycle lives and microstructures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were measured and analyzed. The effects of boron additive on the microstructures and cycle lives of as-cast and quenched alloys were investigated comprehensively. The obtained results showed that the addition of boron could dramatically enhance the cycle lives of the as-cast and quenched alloys. When boron content x increases from 0 to 0.4, the cycle lives of the as-cast alloys were increased from 118 to 183 cycles, and for as-quenched alloys with quenching rate of 38m/s from 310 to 566 cycles.
Implantable electronic medical devices (IEMDs) can potentially be used to solve various clinical problems including the monitoring of chronic diseases and electro-organ transplantation. Several recently introduced techniques based on implantable devices that exploit novel metal- or carbon-based hybrid materials are biocompatible owing to their encapsulation in nontoxic polymers. However, such techniques limit the correct functioning of implantable devices, resulting in frequent replacement, difficult miniaturization, and inflammatory side effects in the body. Here, we describe a new technique for application to IEMDs that is capable of providing energy storage using the natural ions of body fluids as electrolytes in a supercapacitor (or ultracapacitor). The system is constructed with a solar cell for energy harvesting and a supercapacitor for energy storage. We assembled IEMDs with two biocompatible electrodes, specifically, MnO2 nanoparticles affixed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the positive electrodes and phosphidated activated carbon as the negative electrodes. From the obtained result, this work can be further extended to the use of rats. This technique avoids the problems of performance degradation and toxicity that normally limits the reaction that is permissible in extracellular fluid. We present this concept schematically. The two biocompatible electrodes were successfully implanted into the subcutaneous layer of a rat's skin with both electrodes showing stable performance in use as parts of a supercapacitor. These findings establish a platform for potential biocompatible materials for implantable energy storage devices.
We have investigated the effect of dopants on the electrochemical and thermal properties of layered Li(Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x M2x ′) materials (M′=Mg, Al, Co, Ni, Ti; x=0,0.025) that were prepared using a manganese–nickel hydroxide precursor. Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 exhibited discharge capacities of ca. 120 and 150mAh/g at 2.8–4.3 and 2.8–4.6V, respectively, with slight capacity fades; the addition of 5mol% Al, Co, Ni, and Ti increased discharge capacity by 10–30% and improved capacity retention. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggested that Ni and Mn exist as Ni2+ and Mn4+ so that only Ni is electrochemically active in the layered structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data showed that exothermic reactions of Li y (Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x M2x ′)O2 charged to 4.3V versus Li started at higher temperatures (270–290°C) than LiNiO2-based cathode materials (e.g. 200°C for LiNi0.8Co0.2O2), which indicates that the thermal stability of Li(Ni0.5−x Mn0.5−x M2x ′) is superior to that of LiNiO2-based cathode materials.
Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) is incorporated into polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix to fabricate composite solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes. The lithium ion conductivities of as-prepared composite membranes are evaluated, and the optimal composite membrane exhibits a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.21 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C and an electrochemical window of 0–5.7 V. The phase transition behaviors for electrolytes are characterized by DSC, and the possible reasons for their enhanced ionic conductivities are discussed. The LGPS microparticles, acting as active fillers incorporation into the PEO matrix, have a positive effect on the ionic conductivity, lithium ion transference number and electrochemical stabilities. In addition, two kinds of all-solid-state lithium batteries (LiFeO4/SPE/Li and LiCoO2/SPE/Li) are fabricated to demonstrate the good compatibility between this new SPE membrane and different electrodes. And the LiFePO4/Li battery exhibits fascinating electrochemical performance with high capacity retention (92.5% after 50 cycles at 60 °C) and attractive capacities of 158, 148, 138 and 99 mAh g−1 at current rates of 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C and 1 C at 60 °C, respectively. It is demonstrated that this new composite SPE should be a promising electrolyte applied in solid state batteries based on lithium metal electrode.
In light of the global environmental consequences of CO2 emissions resulting from energy use, systems options for the rational use of energy, particularly of energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy technology, have become crucial. Despite its leading efforts in developing extensive renewable energy, Japan has not necessarily achieved comparative advantage in this field owing to inherent resource constraints for renewable energy. One of the exceptions is photovoltaic power generation (PV). PV is considered to be a “footloose” renewable energy which is expected to overcome Japan's own geographical disadvantages as a technology breakthrough. MITI (Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry) initiated PV development under its Sunshine Project (R&D Program on New Energy) aiming at maximizing these advantages by: (1) encouraging the broad involvement of cross-sectoral industry, (2) stimulating inter-technology stimulation and cross-sectoral technology spillover, and (3) inducing vigorous industry investment in PV R&D, leading to an increase in industry's PV technology knowledge stock. An increase in this technology knowledge stock contributed to a dramatic increase in solar cell production. These increases led to a dramatic decrease in solar cell production price, and this decrease induced a further increase in solar cell production. An increase in solar cell production induced further PV R&D, thus creating a “virtuous cycle” between R&D, market growth and price reduction. This paper, on the basis of an empirical analysis of Japan's PV development, demonstrates the industrial dynamism of this “virtuous cycle” as a policy initiative.