batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Solid-state batteries have received increasing attention due to their high safety aspect and high energy and power densities. However, the development of solid-state batteries is hindered by inferior solid-solid interfaces between the solid-state electrolyte and electrode, which cause high interfacial resistance, reduced Li-ion and electron transfer rate, and limited battery performance. Recently, spark plasma sintering (SPS) is emerging as a promising technique for fabricating solid-state electrolyte and electrode pellets with clean and intimate solid-solid interfaces. During the SPS process, the unique reaction mechanism through the combination of current, pressure and high heating rate allow the formation of desirable solid-solid interfaces between active material particles. Herein, this work focuses on the overview of the application of SPS for fabricating solid-state electrolyte and electrode in all solid-state Li-ion batteries, and beyond, such as solid-state Li-S and Na-ion batteries. The correlations among SPS parameters, interfacial resistance, and electrochemical properties of solid-state electrolytes and electrodes are discussed for different material systems. In the end, we point out future opportunities and challenges associated with SPS application in the hot area of solid-state batteries. It is expected that this timely review will stimulate more fundamental and applied research in the development of solid-state batteries by SPS.
Investigations of language processing in aphasia have increasingly implicated performance factors such as slowed activation and/or rapid decay of linguistic information. This approach is supported by studies utilizing a communication system (SentenceShaper™) which functions as a “processing prosthesis.” The system may reduce the impact of processing limitations by allowing repeated refreshing of working memory and by increasing the opportunity for aphasic subjects to monitor their own speech. Some aphasic subjects are able to produce markedly more structured speech on the system than they are able to produce spontaneously, and periods of largely independent home use of SentenceShaper have been linked to treatment effects, that is, to gains in speech produced without the use of the system. The purpose of the current study was to follow up on these studies with a new group of subjects. A second goal was to determine whether repeated, unassisted elicitations of the same narratives at baseline would give rise to practice effects, which could undermine claims for the efficacy of the system.
We demonstrate the successful application of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) to construct high energy density and power density sulfur/carbon cathodes for Li-S batteries. A self-standing 3D-printed sulfur/carbon cathode with high sulfur loading based on a low-cost commercial carbon black was fabricated via a facile robocasting 3D printing process. The 3D-printed sulfur/carbon cathode shows excellent electrochemical performance in terms of capacity, cycling stability, and rate retention by facilitating Li+/e- transport at the macro-, micro-, and nano-scale in Li-S batteries. Meanwhile, the areal loading of the sulfur/carbon cathode can be easily controlled by the number of stacking layers during 3D printing process. The Li-S batteries assembled with the 3D-printed sulfur/carbon cathodes with a sulfur-loading of 3 mg cm−2 deliver a stable capacity of 564 mA h g−1 within 200 cycles at 3 C. Moreover, cathodes with a sulfur-loading of 5.5 mg cm−2 show large initial specific discharge capacities of 1009 mA h g−1 and 912 mA h g−1, and high capacity retentions of 87% and 85% after 200 cycles at rates as high as 1 C and 2 C (equaling to high areal current densities of 9.2 mA cm−2 and 18.4 mA cm−2), respectively.
Tin oxide (SnO2)/graphene composite is synthesized via a simple wet chemical method using graphene oxide and SnCl2·2H2O as raw materials. Graphene of high reduction degree in the composite can provide high conductivity and large-current discharge capacity. SnO2 nanoparticles with dimension around 5 nm are uniformly distributed on the graphene matrix. The SnO2/graphene composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance such as high reversible capacities, good cycling stability and excellent high-rate discharge performance. The initial discharge and charge capacities are 1995.8 mAh g−1 and 1923.5 mAh g−1, respectively. After 40 cycles, the reversible discharge capacity is still maintained at 1545.7 mAh g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1, indicating that the composite is a promising alternative anode material used for high-storage lithium ion batteries.
Four types of cellulose, in particular carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), are tested as potential binding materials in graphitic anodes for lithium ion batteries. It is shown that a minimum content of a cellulose which gives acceptable anode properties (reversible capacity>300 mA h g−1 during the first 10 cycles, irreversible loss<20%) is about 2 wt.%, which is less than in the case of conventional polymeric binders (5–10 wt.%). Kinetics of insertion–deinsertion and passivation processes seem not to be affected by the presence of cellulose. Explanation for the electrode failure at cellulose contents lower than 1 wt.% is given based on X-ray diffraction and microscopy investigations. Finally, the structure (distribution) of cellulose in the composite anode material is discussed and (indirectly) checked with a series of experiments. Most results are compared with the corresponding results obtained either with gelatin or conventional polymeric binders or both.
Flooded lead acid batteries that had been cycled under micro-hybrid conditions at −5 °C, 3 °C, 27 °C and 60 °C were torn down and investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sulfate analysis, both on the surface and in the bulk. The results are correlated with acid density measurements that have been published earlier [10]. As a result, it is confirmed that the extent of concentration gradients in flooded lead-acid batteries (i.e. acid stratification) is strongly dependent from temperature. Locally higher acid concentrations at stratification will be consumed by local sulfation of negative active mass during partial state of charge cycling causing premature aging of these plate areas.
A facile template-free synthesis is developed to directly grow cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanowires (NWs) on stainless steel (SS) mesh substrate as anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The directly grown Co3O4 NWs on SS mesh are prepared via an ammonia-evaporation-induced method followed by calcination at 300°C in air. SEM images show a SS mesh-sketched structure with densely grown NWs and ordered meshes on it. Free from the tedious and economically unfavorable electrode fabrication, Co3O4 NWs on SS mesh electrode simplifies the process by a direct growing technique. Furthermore, it better addresses the cycling stability and rate performance issues of Co3O4 by improving both ion and electron transportation. The charge and discharge capacities are stabilized at around 850 mAh g−1 after 30 cycles with various current densities. After 100 cycles charge and discharge, Co3O4 NWs on SS mesh electrode still remains a capacity of 766 mAh g−1. Together with its outstanding mechanical strength and flexibility, this novel electrode may find many applications in different types of LIBs.
Unique mesoporous Co3O4 octahedra are prepared with the sol-gel method as negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Such an interesting nanostructure that has inherited the combined advantages of anisotropy morphological structure stability and porous feature, which can buffer the volume changes during the electrochemical cycles and shorten the diffusion path of Li+/electron transport, exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance, including high reversible capacity (1195 mAh g−1 at rate of 200mAg−1), good capacity retention (capacity fading of 0.4% per cycle upon 60 cycles), and excellent rate capability (681 mAh g−1 at high rate of 2 A g−1).
Primary role as teachers is to acquaint students with basic scientific process from data capture through their analysis to the evaluation. How to younger generation can we close to experimenting if we see the rapid development of ICT? We need this fact interest for the benefit of our goals and forms of remote real experiments and freely accessible. Creation of the 1st Slovak e- laboratory we build a way for such dissemination and e-Laboratory are freely accessible on the web site http://kf.truni.sk/remotelab. Beneficial effect of experimentation is show in this paper.
This work presents an enhanced hydrometallurgical process for recycling lithium ion batteries. First, end-of-life batteries were processed in a physical pre-treatment plant to obtain a representative electrode material. The resulting leachate was purified forth by iron-precipitation, liquid–liquid extractions, and an innovative Li–Na separation, in order to obtain valuable products. These products include high-grade graphite, cobalt oxide (Co3O4, purity 83%), cobalt oxalate (CoC2O4, purity 96%), nickel oxide (NiO, purity 89%), and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, purity 99.8%). The recovery rate was quantitative for graphite, between 80% and 85% for cobalt depending on the nature of the recovery method, 90% for nickel, and 72% for lithium. Secondary streams were also valorized to obtain sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, purity 96%), and MnCoFe2O4 magnetic nano-sorbents according to the zero-waste concept. In order to close the loop, recycled Co3O4 and NiO were used as conversion-type anode materials for advanced lithium ion batteries showing promising performances.
In this paper, the management of PEVs, uncontrolled or controlled (i.e. aggregated), and their ability to use V2G and G2V technologies are first analysed. The electricity markets are then considered; real world applications are discussed and different market types categorised. The interaction of the PEVs with some renewable energy sources (e.g. solar, wind and biomass) is also examined, and the interaction of the PEVs with demand response programs addressed. Finally, the models of PEVs are categorised and multiple types of modules, the related variables, applied methods and the considered parameters are presented.
Today it is common practice to use simplified equivalent circuit models for predicting the short term behaviour of the voltage and current during charging and discharging battery cells. If the circuit parameters are assumed to be unchanged the response for a given open circuit voltage (OCV) will be the solution to a linear ordinary differential equation. This means that for given voltage limits the maximum charge and discharge powers can be analytically derived. In advanced battery management units, such as those used for hybrid electric vehicles, it is central to know how much that can be charged or discharged within a certain range of time, which is one definition of state of power (SoP). Using the linearizing assumption we derive a method for an adaptive estimation of the state of power based on incremental analysis. The method is easy to implement and have two tuning parameters that are straightforward to relate to. Using frequency analysis the method is analytically proven to have very strong robustness properties. The risk of exceeding voltage limits by effectively applying the maximum charge or discharge currents is marginal in spite of large circuit parameter errors, unmodelled hysteresis, unknown OCV and static nonlinearities.
High-Ni layered oxides are one class of the most promising cathodes for Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high capacity and low cost. Accompanying with the high Ni content, Li/O loss from the layered structure, as well as the relevant structural evolution, have been extensively considered as a general origin for various detrimental phenomena, such as cationic disordering during high-temperature solid-state synthesis, chemical weathering at the surface during storage, and the capacity fading at high upper voltages (> 4.3 V) during electrochemical tests. Herein, multiple macroscopic/microscopic characterization techniques, including in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), are combined to comprehensively investigate the thermal-induced local structural evolution vs Li/O loss in a representative binary high-Ni layered oxide LiNi0.9Co0.1O2. The heterogenous Li/O loss kinetics in the bulk and at the surface are simultaneously tracked based on a rational structural model, revealing a quantitative relationship between Li/O loss and the phase transformation. The local structural evolution within single primary particles monitored by in-situ TEM further uncovers that, Li/O loss at the particle surface is accelerated via the large Li+ diffusivity at high temperatures, finally leads to a phase transformation process from the bulk to the surface, in which a peculiar “anti-core-shell” structure within single primary particles is observed. The quantitative analysis combined with the direct observation not only demonstrate a feasible route to investigate the Li/O loss kinetics, but also provide valuable insights into the performance improvement of high-Ni layered oxides from the aspect of Li/O loss.
Mobile cloud computing is envisioned as a promising approach to augment the computational capabilities of mobile devices for emerging resource-intensive mobile applications. This augmentation is generally achieved through the capabilities of stationary resources in cloud data centers. However, these resources are mostly not free and sometimes not available. Mobile devices are becoming powerful day by day and can form a self-organizing mobile ad-hoc network of nearby devices and offer their resources as on-demand services to available nodes in the network. In the ad-hoc mobile cloud, devices can move after consuming or providing services to one another. During this process, the problem of incentives arises for a node to provide service to another device (or other devices) in the network, which ultimately decreases the motivation of the mobile device to form an ad-hoc mobile cloud. To solve this problem, we propose a directory-based architecture that keeps track of the retribution and reward valuations (in terms of energy saved and consumed) for devices even after they move from one ad-hoc environment to another. From simulation results, we infer that this framework increases the motivation for mobile devices to form a self-organizing proximate mobile cloud network and to share their resources in the network.
Bimodal highly ordered mesostructure carbons (BOMCs) with excellent activity to Br2/Br− were designed and fabricated by an evaporation induced triconstituent co-assembly method. The morphologies of BOMCs were tuned via introducing dual templates: triblock copolymer (F127) and SiO2 nanoparticles, where around 5nm pores can be induced by hydrogen bond between resole and F127 and the removal of silica could create around 2nm pores on the 5nm pore walls. The highly ordered mesostructure can effectively shorten mass transfer distance and reduce mass transfer resistance. Meanwhile the around 2nm pores on 5nm pore walls are beneficial to Br2 adsorption and provide more active sites to Br2/Br− reaction. As a consequence, the materials demonstrate extremely outstanding performance to Br2/Br− couple. The zinc bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) using the prepared carbon exhibit a voltage efficiency of 82.9% and an energy efficiency of 80.1% at the current density of 80mA cm−2, which is by far the best performance ever reported, confirming the excellent activity of designed materials. The results indicate that the prepared BOMC with bimodal highly ordered mesostructure is a very promising candidate for bromine based batteries systems.
The WO3 nanosheet@reduced graphene oxide (WO3 nanosheet@rGO) square particles have been synthesized successfully by a hydrothermal method. The structure and polymorphy of the particle are well characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, Raman spectra and BET analysis. The electrochemical behaviors are researched by using CV, galvanostatic cycle and EIS. The results indicate that the special combination about the two-dimension WO3 nanoplate and graphene scales can promote the electrochemical properties of the metallic oxide effectively. Compared with the pure WO3, a higher initial discharge capacity of the WO3 nanosheet@rGO composite is 1143 mA h g−1, the reversible capacity can also maintain in 1005.7 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles in the condition of 100 mA g−1 and 0.01–3 V. The outstanding electrochemical performances composite demonstrates that WO3 nanosheet@rGO synthesized by this method is feasible and could be used as a promising anode material for LIBs.
Summary The First International Collaborative Workshop on Seizure Prediction was held at the Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, in Bonn, Germany on April 24–28, 2002. Organized by the Universities of Pennsylvania and Bonn, and funded by grants from the American Epilepsy Society, the German Section of the International League against Epilepsy, and the German Section of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, the workshop was attended by 51 researchers from 16 centers in seven countries. There were four major goals for the workshop: (1) to host a one-day didactic session on the science of seizure prediction, with lectures by leaders in the field; (2) to assess the current state of the field by applying current methods used to predict seizures to a shared set of continuous intracranial EEG data and discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach; (3) to establish a consensus on minimal data requirements, a common nomenclature, and objective methods for comparing system performance across platforms and laboratories for seizure prediction research; and most importantly (4) to establish a multi-laboratory, international working group dedicated to understanding seizure generation and making on-line, prospective seizure prediction a reality. Following the didactic course, each participating group presented their results, after applying their seizure prediction methods to five common data sets agreed upon in advance and distributed before the meeting. What follows is a description of the shared data set used for analysis, a summary of the major discussion points from the workshop, and points of consensus among the group. The brief discussion serves as a common introduction to the research papers that follow in this issue, and the description of the shared data is referenced in each of these papers. Participants in the workshop are listed at the end of the Conclusions section, in alphabetical order.
A novel chemical successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method has been developed for the deposition of Mn3O4 thin films. The as-prepared Mn3O4 thin film showed ideal capacitive behavior after potential cycling within the range of −0.1 to +0.9V/SCE in a 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during the cycling showed that the as-prepared crystalline Mn3O4 film was electrochemically oxidized to nanowalls of pseudocapacitive birnessite MnO2 film using potential cycling. The water contact angle changed from hydrophilic to superhydrophilic since the surface morphology converted from interlocked cubes to porous nanowalls. Impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that charge transfer resistance of the birnessite MnO2 structure has higher value than that of the Mn3O4 structure. Thus nanowalls of layered birnessite MnO2 are a promising electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. The effect of scan rate on the specific capacitance of so formed birnessite MnO2 has been investigated. It exhibited highest specific capacitance of 314Fg−1 in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte at 5mVs−1 scan rate and 90% stability after 10,000 cycles.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported palladium–iron bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd–Fe/CNTs) catalyst is synthesized using palladium hexacyanoferrate (PdHCF) as reaction precursor. In this method, the negatively charged PdHCF nanoparticles self-assemble on the positively charged polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) functionalized CNTs through electrostatic interaction, and then are reduced to Pd–Fe alloy nanoparticles by sodium borohydride. The physicochemical properties of Pd–Fe/CNTs are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These structural analyses reveal that the Pd–Fe/CNTs catalyst possesses the high alloying degree and the small particle size. Electrochemical measurements show that the eletrocatalytic activity of the Pd–Fe/MWCNTs catalyst for the methanol oxidation is better than that of the Pd/CNTs catalyst, which originates from the synergistic effect between Pd atom and Fe atom.
The first theory of electrolysis was written in Rome (1805) and was published as a pamphlet—a study that was quickly translated from French into English and German. According to Theodor Grotthuss, author of theory, the electrolyte in between Volta's pile electrodes aligns chains of polarized water particles (molecules). Electric current and matter transfer occurs when these particles instantly switch their polarized water particle fragments. These jumps in the chain of polarized electrolyte held between different electrodes results in oxygen build up next to one electrode and hydrogen build up next to the other electrode. This theory offered several insights for further development. One was the model leap transfers. The other, more fruitful insight was the self-action chain or the force field of force model. That was picked up by Michael Faraday who transformed and developed it further into the concept of electric and magnetic fields and lines of force. In Grotthuss’ theory he finds the idea of the concept of ion as an individual charged fragment of molecule. This article is based on the earlier studies of author [J.A. Krikstopaitis, In the wake of Volta's challenge: the electrolysis theory of Theodor Grotthuss, 1805. in: Volta and the history of electricity, Collana di Storia della Scienza, Universita degli studi di Pavia, Hoepli, Milano, 2003, p. 61–68; J.A. Krikstopaitis, Pralenkes laika: Theodor Grotthuss (Theodor Grotthuss: A Step Ahead of His Time), Pradai, Vilnius, 2001].
The electrochemical behaviors of copper current collector in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide ionic liquid electrolytes were investigated and compared with that in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solutions. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that large oxidation–reduction current of the copper foil appeared in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solutions, while a much smaller current in the room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes decreased gradually, indicating that the copper foil was anodically stable. Further study by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that an unstable product was composed mainly of the carbonate and carbonyl species on the surface of the copper foil after the electrochemical measurement in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solutions, leading to the dissolution of the copper foil. While a better passivating film from the reduction of the anions in the room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes covered the surface of copper foil and protected the copper foil from being oxidized even in a higher potential. These results indicate that the use of room temperature ionic liquid electrolytes can improve the stability of copper current collector in the advanced lithium ion batteries.