batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objectives. To undertake a comparative analysis of the behavioral patterns of rats with experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), and the combination of these pathologies. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 70 male Wistar laboratory rats weighing 250–300 g, divided into five groups. The results of comparative evaluation of the neurological and behavioral status of the rats is presented. Experimental COPD was modeled using combined inducers (purified papain and bacterial lipopolysaccharide) and ACI by simultaneous bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Neurological status was evaluated using the NSS scale and behavioral status using a battery of tests: the open field test, the eight-arm radial maze, and the elevated O maze. Results and conclusions. Animals with combined pathologies showed the lowest level (20%) of survival and the greatest severity of neurological and behavioral disorders. These animals were characterized by sharp restriction to locomotor and exploratory activity, high anxiety, and increasing autonomic imbalance. Survival in rats with ACI only was 35%, while abnormalities in their neurological and behavioral status were of moderate severity. Rats with experimental COPD only had mild neurological deficit. Behavioral abnormalities consisted of moderate restriction to locomotor function and minor increases in anxiety on the background of retained exploratory activity and spatial memory. The results provide evidence of the relevance of the model of respiratory and cerebrovascular comorbidity for assessment of changes in physiological functions and their subsequent treatment.
Nowadays the biggest challenge for most organizations is a real and substantial application of sustainability through the measurement and comparability of results in order to satisfy the principles of sustainability of all the stakeholders. Definitively, it is necessary to pursue sustainability through the measurements of specific indicators and control the variables that influence the state of the economic, social and environmental issues. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the development of a comprehensive, yet practical and reliable tool for a systematic sustainability assessment, based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to support decision makers in complex decision problems in the field of environmental sustainability. The results are applied to a novel compressed air energy storage system proposed as a suitable technology for the energy storage in a small scale stand-alone renewable energy power plant (photovoltaic power plant) that is designed to satisfy the energy demand of a radio base station for mobile telecommunications. The outcome is a dynamic analysis and iterative integrated sustainability assessment of corporate performance.
The moisture/air sensitive properties of electrode materials for Na ion batteries (NIBs) increase their storage cost and prohibit their practical applications. We herein report an ambient stable Na0.76Mn0.48Ti0.44O2 as anode of NIBs. It has been synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by SEM and TEM, which displays irregular sheet-like morphology. The XRD result demonstrates that it is composed by tunnel type NaMnTiO4 and layered structured Na0.91MnO2. Evaluated as anode in NIB, it demonstrates an initial charge capacity of 103.4 mAh g−1. This is among one of the best result compared with other Ti-based insertion-type anode. The capacity retention is as high as 74.9% after 600 cycles, and a high rate performance is obtained. Ti serves as active center redox between Ti4+/Ti3+ during the discharge/charge process. Meanwhile, the introduction of Mn to the framework stabilize the electrode structure. Importantly, the ambient storage properties have been examined, and no obvious performance fading is observed even after exposing the materials to ambient air for more than 100 days. The combination of Mn and Ti in the composite contribute to the improved storage performance. The present study provides a new insight into electrode material design with improved ambient storage and electrochemical performance for NIBs.
Lithium transition metal fluorides (Li3MF6; M = Fe, V) with cryolite structure are investigated as positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A novel sol–gel process with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorine source was used to synthesize monoclinic and orthorhombic Li3CrF6. A ball milling process with Li3CrF6, binder, and conductive agent was applied to form a Li3CrF6 composite, which was electrochemically characterized against lithium metal for the first time. The electrochemical properties of two different modifications are quite similar, with a reversible specific capacity of 111 mAhg−1 for monoclinic Li3CrF6 and 106 mAhg−1 for orthorhombic Li3CrF6 (1 eq. Li ≙ 143 mAhg−1). The electrochemically active redox couple CrIII/CrII was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
We show that a CP-violating interaction induced by a derivative coupling between the running vacuum and a non-conserving baryon current may dynamically break CPT and trigger baryogenesis through an effective chemical potential. By assuming a non-singular class of running vacuum cosmologies which provides a complete cosmic history (from an early inflationary de Sitter stage to the present day quasi-de Sitter acceleration), it is found that an acceptable baryon asymmetry is generated for many different choices of the model parameters. It is interesting that the same ingredient (running vacuum energy density) addresses several open cosmological questions/problems: avoids the initial singularity, provides a smooth exit for primordial inflation, alleviates both the coincidence and the cosmological constant problems, and, finally, is also capable of explaining the generation of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the very early Universe.
Distributed power systems in the U.S. and globally are evolving to provide reliable and clean energy to consumers. In California, existing regulations require significant increases in renewable generation, as well as identification of customer-side Distributed Energy Resources (DER) controls, communication technologies, and standards for interconnection with the electric grid systems. As DER deployment expands, customer-side DER control and optimization will be critical for system flexibility and demand response (DR) participation, which improves the economic viability of DER systems. Current DER systems integration and communication challenges include leveraging the existing DER and DR technology and systems infrastructure, and enabling optimized cost, energy and carbon choices for customers to deploy interoperable grid transactions and renewable energy systems at scale. This paper presents a cost-effective solution to these challenges by exploring communication technologies and information models for DER system integration and interoperability. This system uses open standards and optimization models for resource planning based on dynamic-pricing notifications and autonomous operations within various domains of the smart grid energy system. It identifies architectures and customer engagement strategies in dynamic DR pricing transactions to generate feedback information models for load flexibility, load profiles, and participation schedules. The models are tested at a real site in California—Fort Hunter Liggett (FHL). The results for FHL show that the model fits within the existing and new DR business models and networked systems for transactive energy concepts. Integrated energy systems, communication networks, and modeling tools that coordinate supply-side networks and DER will enable electric grid system operators to use DER for grid transactions in an integrated system.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, a lithium-ion battery cathode material, is prepared using co-precipitation via a two-step drying method with Ni–Mn mixed hydroxide as the precursor. This study examines the effects of precursor pretreatment with hydrazine (a reductant) or with H2O2 (an oxidant) in solutions of NiSO4 and MnSO4. The results indicate substantial differences in the structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 depending on whether the precursor is pretreated with reductant or oxidant. For the hydrazine-treated precursor, the synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has a very pure spinel phase and an ordered, octahedral crystal morphology (ca. 100–300nm). In contrast, the material synthesized using the H2O2-treated precursor shows numerous impurity phases (Na0.7MnO2.05) with a layer-by-layer crystal structure. The control sample (prepared without precursor pretreatment) maintains an octahedral structure but still retains a few impurity phases of Na0.7MnO2.05. The electrochemical results show that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesized using a hydrazine-treated precursor has a higher specific capacity (especially under high discharge current) and a higher cyclic life than the control sample, whereas the sample using H2O2-treated precursor shows almost no special capacity due to changes in crystal structure.
Over the last decade, the prognostics and health management literature has introduced many conceptual frameworks for remaining useful life predictions. However, estimating the future behavior of critical machinery systems is a challenging task due to the uncertainties and complexity involved in the multi-dimensional condition monitoring data. Even though many studies have reported promising methods in data processing and dimensionality reduction, the prognostics applications require integration of these methods with remaining useful life estimations. This paper describes a multiple linear regression process that reduces the number of data regimes under consideration by obtaining a set of principal degradation variables. The process also extracts health indicators and useful features. Finally, a state-space model based on frequency-domain data is used to estimate remaining useful life. The presented approach is assessed with a case study on turbofan engine degradation simulation dataset, and the prediction performance is validated by error-based prognostic metrics.
After a short description of problems, the development of electrochemical materials science in ISE is reviewed. Principles of electrochemical experiments are described for high and low speed processes and the correspondent current densities. Coating technologies are characterized by the thickness/overpotential dependence for processes of conducting and insulating films. Surface treatment and characterization are briefly reviewed. Resistances must be analysed for surface and bulk properties and ionic and electronic processes, respectively. Values vary in a wide range due to local electric fields. The opposite dependency of capacities on film thickness and conductivity is described for condensors, semiconductors, and active electrodes. Processes can be controlled during nucleation, growth, limitation and post-treatment. Main topics of the symposium in Pavia are briefly discussed.
Hydroacoustic research conducted on chokka squid (Loligo reynaudi d’Orbigny, 1845), off the east coast of South Africa from 1994–2005, has led to the development of an innovative stock assessment technique, perhaps applicable to all loliginids that migrate inshore to spawn. This technique combines hydroacoustic biomass estimates made on the spawning concentrations inshore, and minimum biomass estimates made both inshore and offshore using demersal surveys employing the swept-area method. The hydroacoustic estimate uses an improved method to obtain target strength measurements, and squid concentrations are individually mapped from a small boat with a towed transducer. This method may be used even during intense fishing operations because of the manoeuvrability of the small boat inside a tight cluster of fishing vessels. Biomasses of the individual concentrations are then summed. The inshore biomass, also includes dispersed, mature squid migrating between concentrations, this is assessed using a concentration stability factor. The biomass of dispersed squid offshore is again calculated using the swept-area method, a well known demersal survey methodology. The biomass of concentrated (spawning) squid offshore is calculated using the same proportions between concentrated and dispersed squid which were found inshore. All four components are then summed to calculate the total biomass. The result obtained is subject to the effect of complex temporal dynamics, as new animals are recruited to the adult pool and those recently assessed migrate to other sectors of the distribution area.
The combined impact of global climate change and increasing human activities has led to the severe deterioration of grasslands in China. Using the solar irrigation systems is an effective way for sustaining pasture lands in arid regions. A solar irrigation system is the device that uses the solar cell from the sun’s radiation to generate electricity for driving the pump. And photovoltaic pump consists of an array of photovoltaic cells and pumps water from a well or reservoir for irrigation. Although ecologists and organizations constantly work and find ways to conserve grasslands through irrigation systems that use solar energy, issues on water resources are not yet thoroughly discussed. This paper takes into account the main factors in the study of water resources, including precipitation and groundwater, to analyze the feasibility of using a photovoltaic (PV) pumping irrigation. The appropriate area for such a PV pumping irrigation in Qinghai Province is also presented. The results show that the grasslands appropriate for PV pumping cover about 8.145millionha, accounting for 22.3% of the grasslands in the entire province. Finally, the problems and countermeasures of PV pumping irrigation, including the impact on regional water balance, groundwater level and highland permafrost, are also considered.
With the depletion of fossil fuels and the pollution of environment, it is urgent to develop renewable energy technologies to replace the traditional fossil fuels and satisfy the environmental needs. Nanofiberous materials (NFMs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years and considered to be promising candidates to address these critical issues because of their excellent properties, such as extremely large surface area, high length/diameter ratio, good flexibility, high porosity, and multiple functionalities. Electrospinning is a particularly low cost, simple, and versatile method to produce nanofibers from various kinds of materials, and the improved coaxial electrospinning can fabricate nanotubes and core/shell structural nanofibers. This review highlights research into the use of electrospinning to create nanofibers for the applications in energy-related devices, mainly including dye-sensitized solar cells, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Additionally, the application of NFMs derived from electrospinning in other areas, such as hydrogen storage and lithium-air batteries, are also discussed. At last, the limitations and future prospects for large-scale applications of NFMs by electrospinning are proposed.
Polyaniline/polyimide (PANI/PI) composites with hierarchical 3D micro/nano-architecture have been prepared via electrospinning and in-situ polymerization. The PANI/PI composite prepared from 0.2 M aniline (PANI/PI-2) exhibited a small average pore size (1.730 μm) and a narrow pore size distribution (1.552–1.882 μm). Compared to the commercial polyolefin separators, the PANI/PI composite separator possesses a much better thermal stability up to 180 °C, a higher porosity (84%), a larger liquid electrolyte uptake (619%) and a higher ionic conductivity (2.33 mS cm−1). The cell with PANI/PI-2 composite separator showed a low interfacial resistance, an enhanced capacity (133 mAh g−1 at 0.2C), a better rate capability (41.4% at 10C) and cyclability (89.3% retention after 500 charge/discharge cycles at 0.2C). The PANI/PI composite with a superior thermal stability and high electrochemical performances is a promising candidate for uses in high perform LIBs.
Aqueous Zn//MnO2 batteries are emerging as promising large-scale energy storage devices owing to their cost-effectiveness, high safety, high output voltage, and energy density. However, the MnO2 cathode suffers from intrinsically poor rate performance and rapid capacity deterioration. Here, we remove the roadblock by compositing MnO2 nanorods with highly conductive graphene, which remarkably enhances the electrochemical properties of the MnO2 cathode. Benefiting from the boosted electric conductivity and ion diffusion rate as well as the structural protection of graphene, the Zn//MnO2-graphene battery presents an admirable capacity of 301 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, corresponding to a high energy density of 411.6 Wh kg−1. Even at a high current density of 10 A g−1, a decent capacity of 95.8 mAh g−1 is still obtained, manifesting its excellent rate property. Furthermore, an impressive power density of 15 kW kg−1 is achieved by the Zn//MnO2-graphene battery.
The left ventricular assist device was originally designed to be surgically implanted as a bridge to transplantation for patients with chronic end-stage heart failure. On the basis of the REMATCH trial, the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services approved permanent implantation of the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy in Medicare beneficiaries who are not candidates for heart transplantation. The use of the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy raises certain ethical challenges. Left ventricular assist devices can prolong the survival of average recipients compared with optimal medical management of chronic end-stage heart failure. However, the overall quality of life can be adversely affected in some recipients because of serious infections, neurologic complications, and device malfunction. Left ventricular assist devices alter end-of-life trajectories. The caregivers of recipients may experience significant burden (e.g., poor physical health, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder) from destination therapy with left ventricular assist devices. There are also social and financial ramifications for recipients and their families. We advocate early utilization of a palliative care approach and outline prerequisite conditions so that consenting for the use of a left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy is a well informed process. These conditions include: (1) direct participation of a multidisciplinary care team, including palliative care specialists, (2) a concise plan of care for anticipated device-related complications, (3) careful surveillance and counseling for caregiver burden, (4) advance-care planning for anticipated end-of-life trajectories and timing of device deactivation, and (5) a plan to address the long-term financial burden on patients, families, and caregivers.
Assignee:NASA, USA It is desirable to provide an efficient, inexpensive, commercial small capacity solar refrigerator which can operate for several days in the absence of sunlight. As batteries are often expensive and require regular maintenance, it would further be desirable to provide such a solar refrigerator which does not require batteries. A solar powered vapour compression refrigeration system is practicable with thermal storage and novel control techniques. In one embodiment, the refrigeration system includes a photovoltaic panel, a variable speed compressor, an insulated enclosure, and a thermal reservoir. The photovoltaic (PV) panel converts sunlight into DC (direct current) electrical power. The DC electrical power drives a compressor that circulates refrigerant through a vapour compression refrigeration loop to extract heat from the insulated enclosure. The thermal reservoir is situated inside the insulated enclosure and includes a phase change material. As heat is extracted from the insulated enclosure, the phase change material is frozen, and thereafter is able to act as a heat sink to maintain the temperature of the insulated enclosure in the absence of sunlight. The conversion of solar power into stored thermal energy is optimised by a compressor control method that effectively maximises the compressor's usage of available energy. A capacitor is provided to smooth the power voltage and to provide additional current during compressor start-up. A controller monitors the rate of change of the smoothed power voltage to determine if the compressor is operating below or above the available power maximum, and adjusts the compressor speed accordingly. In this manner, the compressor operation is adjusted to convert substantially all available solar power into stored thermal energy. Patent number: US 6469487 Publication date: October 22, 2002 Inventors: Michael K Ewert, David Bergeron III
As Li-ion batteries (LIBs) see increasing usage for electric vehicles, the effect of transportation history on battery state-of-health remains unclear. In particular, the influence of dynamic impact on battery behavior is investigated in terms of its effect on battery aging. Standard LiCoO2 electrodes were dynamically impacted using a nano-impactor setup, and the relationship between impact cycle number (N = 0, 3, 12, and 1000) and electrochemical performance is studied. Li-ion half cells constructed from impacted electrodes display decreasing first cycle Coulombic and energy efficiency with number of impacts, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealing an increase in the charge-transfer resistance. Accelerated capacity fading through long-term cycling is observed for N = 1000 impacts, with significant voltage hysteresis and decay occurring by cycle 50. Additional ex-situ material characterization of cycled electrodes reveals a negative Raman shift by ∼2–3 cm−1 for the A1g and Eg bands for the N = 1000 case as compared to pristine LiCoO2, correlating to retention of material stress and electrochemical degradation via capacity fading. These results connect mechanical and electrochemical analysis of LIB electrodes, elucidating the relationship between dynamic impact and cell aging.
Objective Translate, adapt, and validate the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in Brazil. Method The present study followed three steps: 1) translation to Portuguese, cultural adaptation, and back translation to English; 2) completion of a pilot study (N =30) conducted with the purpose of assessing whether the general comprehension of the items was clear and all participants adequately responded to the battery; 3) completion of a Reliability and Validation Study of the Brazilian version of the MCCB with 99 individuals with schizophrenia and 99 healthy subjects. All participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and patients were also rated on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale and the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). Results The results showed adequate to high levels of baseline and 4-week retest reliability, except the MSCEIT-ME; adequate internal consistency for the MSCEIT-ME for the total sample and patients group, and moderate Alpha for the health control sample; as well as evidence of convergent validity and sensitivity to differentiate performance between the groups. All the 10 MCCB measures showed the lowest learning effects. Conclusion Overall the Brazilian version of the MCCB showed similar results to the original North American version. Our findings provides reassurance that the MCCB is a reliable and valid measure of cognition across different countries and cultures, which is especially important to the ongoing work in attempting to discover cognition-enhancing drugs and the effects of cognitive interventions for the treatment of schizophrenia.