batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Proper fatty acid metabolism is critical for hair and skin development and maintenance. The acyl-CoA binding protein (Acbp) is a widely expressed protein that binds long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters and plays a role in fatty acyl-CoA transport and pool formation. However, loss of function of Acbp in the whole animal has not been investigated. Here, we show that deletion of Acbp in mouse results in sebocyte hyperplasia and sparse, matted hair with a greasy appearance. Consistent with these gross abnormalities, Acbp is highly expressed in the pilosebaceous units of mouse skin as determined by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization. Loss of Acbp also results in fatty acid metabolism abnormalities, with hair lipid profiles showing altered levels of triacylglycerols and nearly co-migrating lipids. These data suggest that Acbp plays a role in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, and that regulation of this process is important for proper hair and skin development and maintenance in the mouse.
Drowsiness detection mechanisms have been extensively studied in the last years since they are one of the prevalent causes of accidents within the mining, driving and industrial activities. Many research efforts were done to quantify the drowsiness levels using behavioral analyses based on camera eye tracking systems as well as by analyzing physiological features contained in EEG signals. Detection systems typically use specific drowsiness indicators from only one of these methods, leaving a risk of missed detection since not all the population presents same symptoms of drowsiness. Thus, multi-feature systems are preferable even though most of the current State-of-the-Art (SoA) solutions are based on power-hungry platforms and they have meager chance to be used in embedded wearable applications with long battery lifetime. This work presents a drowsiness detection scheme fusing behavioral information coming from user motion through an IMU sensor and physiological information coming from brain activity through a single EEG electrode. The solution is implemented and tested on a low power programmable platform based on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller, resulting in a wearable device capable to detect 5 different levels of drowsiness with an average accuracy of 95.2% and a battery life of 6 hours, using a 200 mAh battery. We also study the energy optimization achievable by accelerating the sensor fusion-based drowsiness detector on a parallel ultra-low power (PULP) platform. Results show that the use of PULP as efficient processing platform provides an energy improvement of 63x with respect to a solution based on a commercial microcontroller. This may extend the battery life of the complete system up to 46 h with a 7x improvement, paving the way for a completely wearable, always-on system.
The high performance gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on remarkable heat-resistant composite nanofiber membrane composed of polyetherimide (PEI) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were obtained through the activation of stacked membranes immersed into liquid electrolyte. The crystallization behavior, microstructure and thermal stability of nanofiber membranes were analyzed. The HNT/PEI composite nanofiber membranes showed the sufficient porosity and good affinity between the nanofibers and the electrolyte as well as the electrode, which led to a superb saturated electrolyte uptake and conservation rate. Thus, the GPEs involving the HNT/PEI composite nanofiber membranes displayed excellent electrochemical performances, such as high ionic conductivity, adequate lithium-ion transference number, good interfacial stability and cycle performance. In particular, the GPEs based on 1wt% HNT/PEI nanofiber membranes demonstrated high ionic conductivity of 5.30×10−3 Scm−1 and low interfacial resistance of 180Ω. In addition, in contrast with the Li/GPE/LiCoO2 cells containing the commercial Celgard 2500, the assembled cells with the 1wt% HNT/PEI nanofiber membranes possessed outstanding initial discharge capacity, cycle performance and C-rate capability. Consequently, the GPEs involving HNT/PEI heat-resistant skeleton materials can satisfy the high-performance requirements of energy storage devices.
An admixture of commercial liquid electrolyte (LB302, 1 M solution of LiPF6 in 1:1 EC/DEC) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was enclosed in CR2032 cells. The assembled cells were then γ-ray-irradiated using configurations of half cells and full cells. Through this in situ irradiation polymerization process, we obtained rechargeable lithium ion cells with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based gel polymer electrolytes (GPE). Galvanostatic cycling, AC impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the cells and the gel polymer electrolyte. This PMMA-based gel polymer electrolyte was found to exhibit a high ionic conductivity (at least 10−3 S cm−1) at room temperature. Due to a significant increase in the charge transfer resistance between the GPE and the cathode, the cell impedance of a PMMA-based lithium ion cell is greater than that of a liquid-electrolyte-based cell. The discharge capacity of a LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/GPE/graphite is approximately 145 mAh g−1 for the first cycle and decreases to123 mAh g−1 after 20 cycles. In addition, a large initial cell impedance (LICI) was observed in the irradiated positive half cell. In this paper, we propose a possible mechanism related to the detachment of the PMMA layer from the lithium electrode. This detachment of the PMMA layer from the lithium electrode has not been explicitly discussed previously.
Ti-incorporated LiFe1−x Ti x PO4 (0≤ x ≤0.2) samples have been prepared via a two-step solid-state reaction route. The samples have systematically been investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge measurements. The incorporation of Ti in LiFePO4 significantly enhances the electrochemical performance; the carbon-coated LiFe0.9Ti0.1PO4 sample shows the best performance. It is confirmed that LiFe1−x Ti x PO4 with x ≤0.05 are of single phase while those with 0.07≤ x ≤0.2 contain impurity phases: LiTi2(PO4)3 and TiP2O7. The impurities influence not only the electronic conductivity, but also the total specific capacity. Appropriate amount of titanium incorporation is favorable for the improvement in electrochemical performance.
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising anode material in both electrified vehicle and stationary energy storage applications for its superior rate capability and ultra-long cycle life. However, its widespread automotive utilization is hindered by electrolyte decomposition and gassing issues during high temperature (55 °C or higher) exposure. The exact mechanism of this gas generation is still not widely understood, and a specific commonly accepted solution for this issue has not yet been reported. In this study, LiCoO2/Li4Ti5O12 full cells are fabricated with three different electrolyte compositions and charged/discharged over different potential ranges (1.5–2.8 V, 1.5–2.9 V and 1.5–3.0 V) in room temperature or 60 °C. We find that the electrolyte component, in particular with respect to the cyclic carbonate content, exhibits significant influence on the gassing behavior; electron donating groups are helpful in gas suppression. Meanwhile, test temperature and up cut off voltage (UCOV) also influence the gassing behavior. For example, very limited gassing phenomenon is observed when the battery is tested at 60 °C or lower temperature with suitable electrolyte and UCOV below 2.9 V, while gas is produced when the UCOV is increased to 3.0 V or higher.
Transition metal sulfides are regarded as another type of high-performance anode materials following the transition metal oxides for lithium ion batteries. However, the lithium storage mechanisms of these sulfides are complicated. This work is intended to evaluate the electrochemical performances of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and find out its lithium storage mechanism at different lithium insertion stages. It is found that although the MoS2 shows excellent cycling stability in different voltage ranges, its structural transition is irreversible in the initial cycling. In contrast to the traditional beliefs, metallic Mo is found inert and Li2S/S is the redox couple in a deeply discharged MoS2/Li cell (0.01V vs. Li/Li+). The metallic Mo nanoparticles are believed to be responsible for the enhanced cycling stability of the cell and act as the electronically conducting phase in the capacitive energy storage on the interfaces or grain boundaries of Mo/Li2S x nanocomposite. In addition, the Mo/Li2S nanocomposite can be used as a cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Background The Clock-in-the-Box is a rapid (2-minute) cognitive screening tool. The purpose of this study was to compare the Clock-in-the-Box with the Mini-Mental State Exam and neuropsychologic tests; to determine Clock-in-the-Box score normative values by age and education group; and to determine if the Clock-in-the-Box score is associated with measures of physical function. Methods Community-dwelling older participants in the Boston area were recruited for a prospective, longitudinal study in which they completed a variety of cognitive and functional assessments. Results At baseline, participants (n=798; mean age [± standard deviation]=78.2 [±5.5] years; 14 [±3] mean years of education) completed in-home assessments of cognition (Clock-in-the-Box and Mini-Mental State Exam), measures of independent function (Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and measures of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery). The mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 27.1 (±1.6; range 0-30 [0 worst]), and the mean Clock-in-the-Box score was 6.2 (±1.6; range 0-8 [0 worst]). Performance on the Clock-in-the-Box was correlated (Spearman) with the Mini-Mental State Exam (r =0.49, P <.001) and neuropsychologic measures (r =0.37-0.50; P <.001). Higher Clock-in-the-Box score was significantly associated with no difficulty in Activities of Daily Living (χ2 = 39.6, P <.001) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (χ2 = 35.5, P <.001). In addition, higher Clock-in-the-Box scores were associated with higher scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (F=5.4, P <.001). Conclusion The Clock-in-the-Box is a brief cognitive screening test that is correlated with the Mini-Mental State Exam, neuropsychologic tests, and measures of independent and physical function in community-dwelling older adults.
In the past decade, energy storage systems (ESSs) as one of the structural units of the smart grids have experienced a rapid growth in both technical maturity and cost effectiveness. These devices propose diverse applications in the power systems especially in distribution networks. Despite offering numerous applications, the ESSs are new devices characterized by high investment costs. Besides technological advancement, optimal ESS planning and scheduling is one of the effective ways to reduce the costs and justifying high investment costs by taking their benefits out as much as possible. During the past few years, various studies have been conducted by the researcher to address the problem of optimal ESS planning in distribution networks. In this context, various models, methods, and considerations have been proposed to enhance the functionality of optimal planning process. The aim of this paper is to review the problem of optimal ESS planning including optimal bus location, power rating, and energy capacity determination in the distribution networks. In order to facilitate continuing and growing research in this field, a comprehensive literature survey and classification of the related studies followed by research gaps and future opportunities is provided.
So-called idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), formerly seen as a rare parasomnia, is now recognized as the prodromal stage of an α-synucleinopathy. Given the very high risk that patients with idiopathic RBD have of developing α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson disease (PD), PD dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies or multiple system atrophy, and the outstandingly high specificity and very long interval between the onset of idiopathic RBD and the clinical manifestations of α-synucleinopathies, the prodromal phase of this disorder represents a unique opportunity for potentially disease-modifying intervention. This Review provides an update on classic and novel biomarkers of α-synuclein-related neurodegeneration in patients with idiopathic RBD, focusing on advances in imaging and neurophysiological, cognitive, autonomic, tissue-specific and other biomarkers. We discuss the strengths, potential weaknesses and suitability of these biomarkers for identifying RBD and neurodegeneration, with an emphasis on predicting progression to overt α-synucleinopathy. The role of video polysomnography in providing quantifiable and potentially treatment-responsive biomarkers of neurodegeneration is highlighted. In light of all these advances, and the now understood role of idiopathic RBD as an early manifestation of α-synuclein disease, we call for idiopathic RBD to be reconceptualized as isolated RBD.
Sodium-based intercalation aqueous pseudocapacitive energy systems are attractive because of their obvious advantages including improved safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. Herein, an aqueous sodium-ion capacitor with the cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) as the cathode electrode and carbon micro-spheres (CMS) as the anode electrode was fabricated, showing an extended operating voltage window (2 V), excellent capacitance behaviour, and high energy density (54.4 Wh kg−1). The present results provide meaningful clues to design new intercalation pseudocapacitor for future practical applications. And these remarkable features may pave the way to next-generation large-scale production of high performance hybrid supercapacitors performed as regulation or complementary devices.
This work describes the effect of the number of roll pressings and the composition of carbon black on the electrical and mechanical properties of carbon–PTFE electrodes, in which the composition is MSP 20:carbon black:PTFE=95− x:x:5wt.%. It was found that the best electrical and mechanical properties were obtained in sheet electrodes roll-pressed for about 15 times and in sheet electrode, in which composition is MSP 20:carbon black:PTFE=80:15:5wt.%. These results can be explained by the network structure of PTFE fibrils and conducting paths linked with carbon blacks, respectively. On the other hand, a cell capacitor using a sheet electrode with 15wt.% of carbon black attached to an aluminum current collector with an electric conductive adhesive, and a composition of carbon black:CMC=70:30wt.%, exhibited the best rate capability in the current range of 0.5–100mAcm−2 and the lowest equivalent series resistance.
Previous research has found that individuals with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and those with greater symptom severity within these diagnoses, show higher rates of aggressive/destructive behavior, stereotypic behavior, and self-injurious behavior. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, toddlers at-risk for a developmental disorder (n =1509) ranging from 17 to 36 months fell into one of three diagnostic categories: Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified [PDD-NOS], and atypically developing – no ASD diagnosis. Mental health professionals from EarlySteps, Louisiana's Early Intervention System, interviewed parents and guardians using the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT) – Part 3 (Matson, Boisjoli, & Wilkins, 2007) to obtain measures of challenging behaviors and the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-2) (Newborg, 2005) to obtain developmental quotients (DQ). Toddlers diagnosed with Autistic Disorder or PDD-NOS showed a positive relationship between total DQ and challenging behavior; whereas, atypically developing toddlers with no ASD diagnosis showed a more adaptive, negative relationship. The DQ domains that were most influential on challenging behaviors varied by diagnosis, with communication and motor domains playing greater roles for toddlers with Autistic Disorder or PDD-NOS, and personal–social and cognitive domains playing greater roles for atypically developing toddlers with no ASD diagnosis.
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) film was synthesized via a green and facile hydrothermal approach. In this process, graphene oxide (GO) was reduced by nickel foam (NF) while the nickel metal was oxidized to Ni(OH)2 film simultaneously, which resulted in RGO on Ni(OH)2 structure. The RGO/Ni(OH)2 composite film was characterized using by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The electrochemical performances of the supercapacitor with the as-synthesized RGO/Ni(OH)2 composite films as electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) in 1M KOH aqueous solution. Results indicated that the RGO/Ni(OH)2/NF composite electrodes exhibited superior capacitive performance with high capability (2500mFcm−2 at a current density of 5mAcm−2, or 1667Fg−1 at 3.3Ag−1), compared with pure Ni(OH)2/NF (450mFcm−2 at 5mAcm−2, 409Fg−1 at 3.3Ag−1) prepared under the identical conditions. Our study highlights the importance of anchoring RGO films on Ni(OH)2 surface for maximizing the optimized utilization of electrochemically active Ni(OH)2 and graphene for energy storage application in supercapacitors.
Two molecular methods were used to investigate the microbial population of Antarctic marine sediments to determine the effects of petroleum and heavy metal pollution. Sediment samples were collected in a nested design from impacted and non-impacted locations. A detailed description of the diversity of the microbial population in two samples was obtained using 16S ribosomal DNA clone libraries constructed from an impacted and a non-impacted location. The clone libraries were very similar with the exception of two sequence clusters containing clones from only the impacted location. All samples were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The band patterns generated were transformed into a presence/absence matrix and a multivariate approach was used to test for differences in the locations. Statistically significant differences were observed both between and within locations. Impacted locations showed a greater variability within themselves than the control locations. Correlations between the community patterns and environmental variables suggested that pollution was one of a number of factors affecting the microbial community composition.
State of health diagnosis and estimation of lithium-ion batteries is a key feature of an advanced battery management system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is frequently used for the state of health diagnosis and estimation. In the paper, the charge transfer resistance of the battery is obtained by fitting the impedance spectroscopy with an equivalent impedance model to estimate state of health. And an analytical calculation model with temperature and state of charge as inputs is derived and verified considering their effect on the charge transfer resistance. With the calculation model, the charge transfer resistance at randomly selected state of charge and temperature is converted to the standard state to be comparable for the state of health estimation. It is indicated that state of health estimated with the converted and the direct fitted charge transfer resistance agree well. The battery state of health estimation method with the converted charge transfer resistance eliminates the need to specifically control the temperature and state of charge during the impedance spectrum measurement. It benefits the practical application of the state of health estimation with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
As a novel anode material, PbLi2Ti6O14 is prepared by a traditional solid state method at a calcination temperature of 900 °C. Structural analysis and electrochemical tests prove that PbLi2Ti6O14 possesses a good crystallinity and superior performance. PbLi2Ti6O14, composed of particles with 400 nm in length and 300 nm in width, exhibits an initial charge capacity of 155.1 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and maintains at 147.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, with capacity retention as high as 95.4%. Especially, the reversible capacity of PbLi2Ti6O14 can stabilize at 101.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, with capacity retention of 87.5%. Besides, the lithium storage behavior in PbLi2Ti6O14 is also studied by various in-situ and ex-situ methods. It is found that the lithiation/delithiation process in PbLi2Ti6O14 is a highly reversible reaction. All these results demonstrate that PbLi2Ti6O14 may be an impressive anode material in the near future.
Assessment of doctors is in a state of flux. Traditional methods of assessment have been critically examined and found inherently limited. The wholesale shift towards outcome-orientated education in the last 10 years has led to the relatively rapid development of a radically different method of assessment. This method focuses on assessing what doctors do in everyday practice rather than written or practical simulations. Known collectively as “workplace-based assessment” tools, these have been embraced in North America, whereas they have been more cautiously adopted in the UK. However, many of these assessment tools have not been rigorously studied and, moreover, few have been specifically developed for assessing radiologists. However, they are likely to be incorporated into radiology training in the near future. This paper critically analyses both the underpinning assumptions behind this method and the evidence behind existing tools, and looks at the work that is required to develop, adopt or adapt such tools for use in radiology.
Successful market reform projects require significant revision of government agencies, institutional arrangements, and policy-making procedures, in part, to provide reformers autonomy from countervailing pressures. This paper examines how such innovations facilitated reforms in Mexico and Argentina. It finds executive leadership helped facilitate institutional change, but that technocrat policymakers played more crucial roles than previously documented. Through rule-changing, instrument-creating, and strategizing behaviors, they helped engineer their own autonomy and gained control of the policy agenda by changing the organization of decision making, and the position they occupied in the bureaucracy. These findings hold across distinct policy arenas and political systems.