batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Because dopamine (DA) is one of the most critical neurotransmitters that influence a wide variety of motivated human behaviors, it is necessary to develop a facile diagnostic tool that can quantify the physiological level. In this study, core–shell magnetic silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) were prepared using a modified sol–gel reaction. The Fe3O4@SiO2 were functionalized using 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) via a facile and rapid synthetic route, hereafter referred to as Fe3O4@SiO2@APBA The resultant Fe3O4@SiO2@APBA not only adsorbed DA molecules, but also were easily separated from solution using a simple magnetic manipulation. The adsorbed amounts of DA by the Fe3O4@SiO2@APBA were quantified by measuring the changes in fluorescence intensity of polydopamine (at 463 nm) originated from the self-polymerized DA remained in the supernatant before and after the adsorption process. The Fe3O4@SiO2@APBA exhibited two-stage adsorption behavior for DA, and the maximal adsorption capacity was 108.46 μg/g at pH 8.5. Our particle system demonstrated the potential application for extracting compounds with cis-diols (including catechol amines) from the biological fluid.
Perovskite-type oxide LaFeO3 powder was prepared using a stearic acid combustion method. Its phase structure, electrochemical properties and hydrogen storage mechanism as negative electrodes for nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries have been investigated systematically. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that both the calcined powder and the charged/discharged samples after 10 cycles have orthorhombic structures. The discharge capacity, whose maximum value appeared at the first cycle, is 530.3mAhg−1 at 333K and increases with an increase in temperature. The discharge capacity decreases distinctly during the first three cycles and then stays steady at about 80mAhg−1, 160mAhg−1 and 350mAhg−1 at 298K, 313K and 333K, respectively. The hydrogen storage mechanism is studied by XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with pressure–composition–temperature (PCT) methods. Hydrogen atoms may be intercalating into the oxide lattice and forming a homogeneous solid solution during the charging process.
The increasing use of distributed generators, which are mainly based on renewable sources, can create several issues in the operation of the electric grid. The microgrid is being analysed as a solution to the integration in the grid of the renewable sources at a high penetration level in a controlled way. The storage systems play a vital role in order to keep the energy and power balance of the microgrid. Due to the technical limitations of the currently available storage systems, it is necessary to use more than one storage technology to satisfy the requirements of the microgrid application. This work validates in simulations and experimentally the use of a Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped converter to control the power flow of a hybrid storage system formed by a SuperCapacitor and a Vanadium Redox Battery. The operation of the system is validated in two case studies in the experimental platform installed in ESTIA. The experimental results prove the validity of the proposed system as well as the designed control algorithm. The good agreement among experimental and simulation results also validates the simulation model, that can therefore be used to analyse the operation of the system in different case studies.
A multi-phase project to investigate the reliability of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries in the field has been conducted by US industry and government research organizations. The focus of the study has been to characterize the relationships between VRLA technologies, service conditions, performance, and field failures. Two surveys were conducted: one of VRLA end users, and the other of VRLA manufacturers. Data from end users were obtained for over 56,000 telecom and utility installations representing over 740,000 cells. Seven manufacturers participated in the study. Preliminary correlations between utility end-user data, manufacturer information, and battery reliability have been developed and will be reported. Data for telecommunications installations will be reported in a separate publication when completed.
Despite a large effort in catalyst research over the past decade, the benefit of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and especially the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the aprotic Li/air battery system has not yet been clarified. Here, three nanostructured manganese oxide catalysts – namely Mn3O4, Mn5O8 and α-Mn2O3 – are investigated with regard to their activity for the ORR in a LiTFSI/DMSO electrolyte. In cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements an overall decrease of potential gaps and an increase of re-oxidation efficiencies on carbon powder-based electrodes in comparison to glassy carbon (GC) was observed, which is attributed to the presence of more active centers, e.g. edges and kinks. Increased ORR potentials and the kinetic evaluation of the rate-determining step, namely the one-electron reduction of oxygen, point to a significantly enhanced activity of α-Mn2O3/C compared to pure carbon powder, Mn3O4/C and Mn5O8/C electrodes. This is discussed in terms of the electrocatalytic effect of α-Mn2O3 for aprotic ORR processes. The ORR activity is proposed to originate from a different reaction pathway due to coordinatively unsaturated Mn3+ ions on the surface of α-Mn2O3, which act as active centers for associative adsorption and reduction of molecular O2.
Electrochemically synthesized polyaniline (PANI) and lead dioxide have been investigated as electrode materials for PANI/1.1 M H2SO4; 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4/PbO2 rechargeable cell. At constant current charge/discharge of the cell, the average discharge potential of 1.1 V, specific capacity of 50 mA h g−1, specific energy of 55 W h kg−1, and self discharge rate of 2.2% per day have been obtained.
Quaternized adamantane-containing poly(aryl ether ketone) anion exchange membranes (QADMPEK) are prepared and investigated for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) application. The bulky, rigid and highly hydrophobic adamantane segment incorporated into the backbone of membrane material makes QADMPEK membranes have low water uptake and swelling ratio, and the as-prepared membranes display significantly lower permeability of vanadium ions than that of Nafion117 membrane. As a consequence, the VRFB cell with QADMPEK-3 membrane shows higher coulombic efficiency (99.4%) and energy efficiency (84.0%) than those for Nafion117 membrane (95.2% and 80.5%, respectively) at the current density of 80 mA cm−2. Furthermore, at a much higher current density of 140 mA cm−2, QADMPEK membrane still exhibits better coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency than Nafion117 membrane (coulombic efficiency 99.2% vs 96.5% and energy efficiency 76.0% vs 74.0%). Moreover, QADMPEK membranes show high stability in in-situ VRFB cycle test and ex-situ oxidation stability test. These results indicate that QADMPEK membranes are good candidates for VRFB applications.
Uneconomical extension of the grid has led to generation of electric power at the end user facility and has been proved to be cost effective and to an extent efficient. With augmented significance on eco-friendly technologies the use of renewable energy sources such as micro-hydro, wind, solar, biomass and biogas is being explored. This paper presents an extensive review on various issues related to Integrated Renewable Energy System (IRES) based power generation. Issues related to integration configurations, storage options, sizing methodologies and system control for energy flow management are discussed in detail. For stand-alone applications integration of renewable energy sources, performed through DC coupled, AC coupled or hybrid DC–AC coupled configurations, are studied in detail. Based on the requirement of storage duration in isolated areas, storage technology options can be selected for integrated systems. Uncertainties involved in designing an effective IRES based power generation system for isolated areas is accounted due to highly dynamic nature of availability of sources and the demand at site. Different methodologies adopted and reported in literature for sizing of the system components are presented. Distributed control, centralized and hybrid control schemes for energy flow management in IRES have also been discussed.
The effect of cathode structure on the performance of planar free-breathing fuel cell is studied. Three different types of gas diffusion backings and current collector plates on the cathode were used. The gas diffusion backings used were thick carbon sheet, titanium sinter, and carbon paper. Difference between current collector plates was the size of the openings between current collecting ribs. Results showed that with thicker gas diffusion backings the structure of the current collector had only some effect on the cell performance but with thin carbon paper the effect was significant. Very high power densities for free-breathing fuel cell were achieved with thin gas diffusion backing with the record of approximately 360mWcm−2. However, the cell was also vulnerable for flooding as there was liquid water observed on the cathode surface. Despite the liquid water saturation it seems that this kind of cell design may be suitable especially for portable applications.
Due to the depletion of traditional energy resources, such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas, many initiatives all over the world have addressed the efficient use or replacement of these resources. Several renewable energy sources have been introduced as alternatives to traditional sources to protect environmental resources and to improve the quality of life. This study assesses renewable energy sources from a supply chain perspective and presents an investigation of renewable energies focusing on four main components: renewable energy supply chain, renewable energy performance, and barriers and strategies to its development. The study provides managerial insights to governments, researchers, and stakeholders for the initiation of renewable energy use, and suggestions for overcoming the barriers to its development.
We have recently reported our success in identifying a family of new polyanion cathode materials, namely L i 2 M ′ 2 ( Mo O 4 ) 3 [M′=Ni, Co and Mn] and synthesized these polyanion derivatives using soft-combustion based solution synthesize technique. It is known that the polyanion cathode materials reported hither to suffer invariably from intrinsic lattice electronic conductivities regardless of their structure. The new polyanion materials reported by us also suffer from low lattice electronic conductivity. Considering its lithium rich phase to be useful for battery application, we attempted to improvise the electronic conductivity of Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 by adding mesoporous (nano-sized) non-graphitized carbon black (NCB) particles as an additional conductive additive together with acetylene black and compared its electrochemical performance with the conventional composite electrode having acetylene black as a conductive additive. The test electrode fabricated with NCB as conductive additive has profound effect on the discharge properties by enhancing the grain–grain contact much more effectively and establishing much better intimacy between the electrode-active grains and thus improving the overall electronic conductivity of the composite electrode. As a result, we found that the conventional composite positive electrode yielded a first discharge capacity of 26mAhg−1 between 4.9 and 2.0V, whereas the nano-composite electrode yielded a discharge capacity of 86mAhg−1 which is approximately a four-fold increase. It was also observed that NCB addition facilitated the extended cycling performance in terms of lithium insertion and structural stability retention of the host cathode material.
We report a facile strategy to synthesize of polypyrrole/molybdenum disulfide (PPy/MoS2) nanocomposite as an advanced electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors applications. Flowerlike MoS2 with graphene-like subunits structure is prepared using a hydrothermal method, and the nanocomposite PPy are embedded in MoS2 nanosheets is prepared by in situ oxidation polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of MoS2 suspension. Structural and morphological characterizations of the nanocomposite are investigated by XRD, FE-SEM and TEM measurements. Their electrochemical properties are also investigated using cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge. The PPy/MoS2 nanocomposite exhibit high specific capacitance of 553.7 F g−1 and its capacitance can still remain 90% after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1.
This paper introduces a novel fuzzy model based structure for the characterisation of discharge processes in lead-acid batteries. This structure is based on a fuzzy model that characterises the relationship between the battery open-circuit voltage (Voc), the state of charge (SoC), and the discharge current. The model is identified and validated using experimental data that is obtained from an experimental system designed to test battery banks with several charge/discharge profiles. For model identification purposes, two standard experimental tests are implemented; one of these tests is used to identify the Voc–SoC curve, while the other helps to identify additional parameters of the model. The estimation of SoC is performed using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with a state transition equation that is based on the proposed fuzzy model. Performance of the proposed estimation framework is compared with other parametric approaches that are inspired on electrical equivalents; e.g., Thevenin, Plett, and Copetti.
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
A lithium-ion positive electrode is proposed that contains both high energy density and efficient pulse power capability, even at low state-of-charge (SOC). The pulse power capability at low SOC is attractive for applications, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), which require pulse power operation over the entire useable SOC window. A lithium- and manganese-rich transition-metal layered-oxide (LMR-NMC), also classified as a layered–layered oxide material, is blended with a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) to achieve a potentially low-cost, high-performance electrode. The LMR-NMC material provides high energy by delivering cathode material gravimetric energy densities greater than 890Whkg−1. The pulse power capability of this material at low SOC is greatly improved by incorporating a modest quantity of LFP. The LFP serves as an internal redox couple to charge and discharge the more rate-limited LMR-NMC material at moderate to low SOCs.
A nano-Si/TiO2 core–shell nanostructured electrode was synthesized using sol–gel method. The TiO2 shells were made with 10-nm thickness, and were structurally stable upon the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+, improve the cyclability of the Si electrode during cycling. The nano-Si/TiO2 core–shell nanostructured electrode showed a reversible capacity of ca. 1250mA hg−1 over 50 cycles. The reaction mechanism between the nano-Si/TiO2 core–shell nanostructured electrode and Li was investigated by ex situ analyses.
The nano-sized columned β-FeOOH was prepared by the hydrolysis process and its electrochemical capacitance performance was evaluated for the first time in Li2SO4 solution. A hybrid supercapacitor based on MnO2 positive electrode and FeOOH negative electrode in Li2SO4 electrolyte solution was designed. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that the hybrid supercapacitor has a energy density of 12Whkg−1 and a power density of 3700Wkg−1 based on the total weight of the electrode active materials with a voltage range 0–1.85V. This hybrid supercapacitor also exhibits a good cycling performance and keeps 85% of initial capacity over 2000 cycles.
The hybridization of highly porous carbon materials and battery-type materials is an effective method for achieving supercapacitors with both high energy density and good rate capability. The structure of the carbon substrate should be carefully designed to meet the requirement of good conductivity and good accessibility to electrolyte and ions. In this work, graphene nanoribbon crosslinked polyimide-derived carbon aerogels (a-GCA) with hierarchical porous structures and large specific surface area of 2413.0 m2 g−1 have been first constructed, and then applied as a conductive template for the uniform growth of ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. In the obtained Ni(OH)2/a-GCA hybrids, a-GCA can provide open and interconnected channels for rapid diffusion of ions and electrons to access Ni(OH)2 nanosheets for fast Faradaic redox reactions, as well as enhance the stability of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. Consequently, the optimized Ni(OH)2/a-GCA hybrid exhibits a high specific capacitance of 537.0 C g−1 at a charge/discharge current density of 1 A g−1, excellent rate capacitance retention of 78.4% at 10 A g−1. Moreover, the assembled Ni(OH)2/a-GCA//a-GCA hybrid supercapacitor device delivers a high energy density of 54.8 Wh kg−1 at a powder density of 816 W kg−1. Therefore, the Ni(OH)2/a-GCA hybrid shows great potential as high-performance electrode materials in applications in energy storage device.
In the present work an investigation of the effects of the electropolymerization mode on the optical properties associated to the doping/dedoping processes of nanometric films of polypyrrole (PPy) is reported, monitoring in situ and in real time using simultaneously surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical techniques (ESPR). The electropolymerization of pyrrole was performed by potentiostatic, potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods and the use of the ESPR technique showed that the electropolymerization mode is essential to the stability of polymer and the reversibility of its optical properties during the doping and dedoping processes. Thus, the optical properties of oxidized and reduced film were obtained by nonlinear least square fitting using Fresnel equations for a four-layer system. Then, the values of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant for PPy fims were correlated with the polymer doping level. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance measurements were also applied to obtain correlation between doping/dedoping processes and the changes in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of the polypyrrole film, showing that the doping and dedoping processes in the polypyrrole film can act directly on its optical properties while the ESPR technique can give the same information indirectly.
Memantine, a moderate-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist, is clinically used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both clinical and preclinical studies have shown that memantine, at doses producing a steady-state plasma level of 0.5–1μM, is well tolerated and improves cognition. Here we tested the effects of chronic oral administration of memantine (10, 30 and 100mg/kg per day) producing steady state plasma drug levels ranging between ∼0.5and 6μM on motor, social, emotional and cognitive behavior in normal C57BL/6J mice. Memantine dose-dependently reduced escape latency (hidden platform) and decreased wall swimming tendency in the Morris water maze test, increased time spent in open arms in the elevated plus-maze test, and reduced the number of isolation-induced aggressive attacks, but did not affect exploratory activity in the open field. These data indicate that high, stable doses of memantine improved cognition and exhibited a potential anxiolytic response in normal mice.
Memory impairment is a prominent defining feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the degree to which the profile of memory impairment is uniform across patients is not fully resolved. The study examined patterns of memory impairment in a large cohort of AD patients, with particular attention to the relationship between working and long-term declarative memory. Tests of working memory, visual and verbal recall and recognition, and recent personal memory were administered to 67 AD patients in the early to moderate stages of disease and to 30 age-matched controls. Performance on all measures was significantly poorer in patients than in controls. Factor analysis of test scores delineated five factors representing the domains of working memory, visual recall, verbal recall, recognition, and personal memory, indicating that these aspects of memory can break down separately. Cluster analysis revealed distinct memory profiles. Some patients showed predominant problems in working memory, with relatively superior long term retention, whereas other patients showed the reverse pattern. Qualitatively distinct profiles arose at comparable levels of severity. Problems in working memory, but not long term memory were associated with the presence of language and perceptuospatial deficits. The results reinforce previous findings that both working and long term memory failure contribute to the memory symptoms of AD patients, and demonstrate dissociations in memory breakdown across the cohort. The link between working memory and language performance, together with findings of posterior hemisphere abnormalities on neuroimaging, lead us to reassess the nature of working memory deficits in AD.
This paper reports on the performance of the supercapacitor operating in aqueous acetic acid salts. Lithium, sodium and magnesium acetate aqueous solutions at various concentrations have been selected as electrolytes. Maximum operational voltage and the overall capacitor performance have been determined by several electrochemical techniques. Floating and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests proved the promising performance at high voltages (1.5V); the capacitance values have been retained at more than 80% of initial value for all tested electrolytes. Additionally, due to the the ability to operate at high voltages, the maximum energy obtained in the system with 0.5molL−1 CH3COONa is more than two times higher than with 6molL−1 KOH, i.e., conventional aqueous capacitor. Taking into account a mild character of the electrolytes used, a novel concept of eco-friendly energy storage device has been proposed.
Fatigue is a frequent and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is difficult to define and measure. Today, MS-related fatigue is not fully understood, and evidence related to explanatory pathophysiological factors are conflicting. Here, we evaluate the contribution of psychological factors to MS-related fatigue. Insight into the possible underlying psychological mechanisms might help us to develop adequate psychological interventions and to improve the overall management of fatigue. Conceptual issues and the relationships between MS-related fatigue and mood, anxiety, cognition, personality, and cognitive–behavioral factors are discussed, and the implications for clinical practice and research are presented.