batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The global competition oriented-enterprises, sea, land and rail route enterprises of the nations, strategic agricultural and industrial production centers, energy production and distribution enterprises as well as the strategic public organizations such as armed forces and law enforcement agencies will tend toward advanced professionalized outsourcing applications. The production cost competition will be replaced by the supply-chain cost competition. As it is, it is within the claim that the new generation suppliers turn the logistic sector of the operational ability and expertise needed labor force into an out-and-out area of employment. On the other hand, the organizations based on the information and communication network in America and in Far Asia, day by day tend toward using performance-based logistics and 3rd party logistic applications. In logistics, the affordability of the augmentation of human sources and supplier demand with skilled labor make it already necessary to deal the supply-chain and logistics management in a strategic dimension. In this study, a set of determination and proposals about the supply-chain in the strategic organizations and logistics management activity requirements are presented.
Combustion processes have inherent characteristics that lead to the release in the environment of both gaseous and particulate pollutants that have primary and secondary impacts on air quality, human health, and climate. The emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels and their atmospheric impacts are reviewed here with attention given to the emissions of the currently regulated pollutant gasses, primary aerosols, and secondary aerosol precursors as well as the emissions of non-regulated pollutants. Fuels ranging from coal, petroleum, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, as well as the biofuels; ethanol, methanol, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), and biodiesel, are discussed in terms of the known air quality and climate impacts of the currently regulated pollutants. The potential importance of the non-regulated emissions of both gasses and aerosols in air quality issues and climate is also discussed with principal focus on aldehydes and other oxygenated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrated organics. The connection between air quality and climate change is also addressed with attention given to ozone and aerosols as potentially important greenhouse species.
Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that the video signal transmission is a key component in any closed circuit television (CCTV) installation. Successful installation requires a good understanding of transmission systems. Most systems use coaxial cable, but fiber-optic cable is gaining acceptance because of its better picture quality and lower risk factor with respect to ground loops and electrical interference. In special situations where coaxial or fiber-optic cable is inappropriate, other wired or wireless means such as radio frequency (RF), microwave, or light-wave transmission are used. For very long-range applications, non-real-time slow-scan systems are appropriate. Many security system designers consider cabling to be less important than choosing the camera, lens, and other monitoring equipment in a CCTV application. They often attempt to cut costs on cabling equipment and installation time, since they often make up a large fraction of the total system cost. Such equipment is not visible and can seem like an unimportant accessory. However, such cost-cutting can drastically weaken the overall system performance and picture quality.
Diferulic acids are potent antioxidants and are abundant structural components of plant cell walls, especially in cereal brans. As such, they are part of many human and animal diets and may contribute to the beneficial effect of cereal brans on health. However, these phenolics are ester-linked to cell wall polysaccharides and cannot be absorbed in this form. This study provides the first evidence that diferulic acids can be absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract. The 5-5-, 8-O-4-, and 8-5-diferulic acids were identified in the plasma of rats after oral dosing with a mixture of the three acids in oil. Our study also reveals that human and rat colonic microflora contain esterase activity able to release 5-5-, 8-O-4-, and 8-5-diferulic acids from model compounds and dietary cereal brans, hence providing a mechanism for release of dietary diferulates prior to absorption of the free acids. In addition, cell-free extracts from human and rat small intestine mucosa exhibited esterase activity towards diferulate esters. Hence, we have shown that esterified diferulates can be released from cereal brans by intestinal enzymes, and that free diferulic acids can be absorbed and enter the circulatory system. Our results suggest that the phenolic antioxidant diferulic acids are bioavailable.
Three choline-based ionic liquids functionalized with trimethylsilyl, allyl, and cynoethyl groups are synthesized in an inexpensive route as safe electrolytes for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. The thermal stabilities, viscosities, conductivities, and electrochemical windows of these ILs are reported. Hybrid electrolytes were formulated by doping with 0.6 M LiPF6/0.4 M lithium oxalydifluoroborate (LiODFB) as salts and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as co-solvent. By using 0.6 M LiPF6/0.4 M LiODFB trimethylsilylated choline-based IL (SN1IL-TFSI)/DMC as electrolyte, LiCoO2/graphite full cell showed excellent cycling performance with a capacity of 152 mAh g-1 and 99% capacity retention over 90 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.4 V. The propagation rate of SN1IL-TFSI)/DMC electrolyte is only one quarter of the commercial electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 EC/DEC/DMC, v/v/v = 1/1/1), suggesting a better safety feature.
Recent studies suggest that action-verb processing is particularly affected in early stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), highlighting the potential role of subcortical areas in language processing and in the semantic integration of actions. However, this disorder-related language impairment is frequently unrecognized by clinicians and often remains untreated. Early detection of action-language processing deficits could be critical for diagnosing and developing treatment strategies for PD. In this article, we review how action-verb processing is affected in PD and propose a model in which multiple and parallel frontotemporal circuits between the cortex and the basal ganglia provide the anatomic substrate for supporting action-language processing. We hypothesize that contextual coupling of action-language networks are partially dependent on cortical–subcortical integration, and not only on somatotopic motor cortical organization or in a mirror neuron system. This hypothesis is supported by both experimental and clinical evidence. Then, we identify further research steps that would help to determine the reliability of action-language impairments as an early marker of PD. Finally, theoretical implications for clinical assessment and for models of action-language interaction (action–perception cycle theories, mirror system models of language, and embodied cognition approaches to language) are discussed.
The purpose of this ISRM Suggested Method is to describe a methodology for in situ acoustic emission monitoring of the rock mass fracturing processes occurring as a result of excavations for tunnels, large caverns in the fields of civil, rock slopes and mining engineering, etc. In this Suggested Method, the equipment that is required for an acoustic emission monitoring system is described; the procedures are outlined and illustrated, together with the methods for data acquisition and processing for improving the monitoring results. There is an explanation of the methods for presenting and interpreting the results, and recommendations are supported by several examples.
Solid-state electrolytes such as cubic Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) can enable solid-state batteries, metallic lithium anodes and higher voltage cathodes. However, the stability of cubic LLZO is affected by current density. In beta alumina solid electrolyte, microstructural failure was caused by Na dendrite penetration, and was shown to be a function of the fracture toughness, K IC . The relationship between dendrite penetration and K IC indicates electronic failure is related to creation of microstructural damage, and the microstructural damage may be used as an indicator of imminent electronic failure. To monitor microstructural damage during cycling, we developed a non-invasive, in-situ cell monitoring apparatus to help to correlate mechanical stability with Li-ion current density in LLZO. A pulse-echo transducer was integrated into all solid-state Li-LLZO-Li cells. The capability enables the characterization of microscopic inhomogeneities through the careful measurement of changes to the elastic moduli. The elastic moduli and fracture toughness have been previously reported for dense (>99%) specimens, but monitoring of the relative change in moduli during cycling has not been explored. In this study, an acoustic monitoring method is presented to monitor LLZO specimens during cycling.
Objetivo Estimar la proporción de casos de demencia detectados en personas mayores de 70 años que residen en sus domicilios y describir la utilización de los servicios sanitarios y sociales que hacen las personas con demencia. Material y métodos Encuesta poblacional de los supervivientes de la cohorte «Envejecer en Leganés» iniciada en 1993. En el tercer seguimiento de 1999–2000 se incorporó el diagnóstico clínico de la demencia realizado según el examen neurológico y una extensa batería neuropsicológica. Se preguntó también sobre la utilización de servicios sanitarios y sociales y sobre diagnósticos previos. Resultados En la muestra de supervivientes (n=527), la prevalencia de demencia fue de 12,1%. Sólo el 30% de los dementes había sido previamente diagnosticado por los servicios sanitarios. La proporción de demencia no detectada está significativamente asociada con su gravedad (leve, 95%; moderada, 69%; grave, 36%). Comparados con las personas mayores no dementes, los dementes utilizan con mayor frecuencia los servicios hospitalarios, la consulta médica y de enfermería a domicilio y la consulta por terceros, y con menos frecuencia, los servicios preventivos y de rehabilitación. Esta tendencia se acentúa en los pacientes con demencia grave. La utilización de los servicios sociales comunitarios es muy baja (inferior al 8% en los casos más graves). Conclusiones La detección de la demencia en los ancianos es muy baja y deben incrementarse los esfuerzos de detección en la atención primaria. También deben aumentar los recursos sociosanitarios específicos para esta población y cambiar las pautas asistenciales del equipo de atención primaria y de los profesionales sanitarios en general.
Crystalline metal-organic frameworks of divalent transition metal terephthalate belong to a new kind of high-capacity lithium storage materials. In this paper, CoCl2 aqueous solution and CoCl2·6H2O particles are comparatively used as starting materials to react with aqueous lithium terephthalate (Li2TP), resulting in the hierarchical architectures of dihydrate cobalt terephthalate (CoTP·2H2O No.1, No.2) by a solution-based π-π stacking self-assembly, respectively. Each of the two hydrated samples, as well as its well-crystallized anhydrous counterpart (CoTP No.1 or No.2), acquire a specific surface area no bigger than 4.5 m2 g−1 but deliver a reversible capacity no less than 815.0 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 in the 100th cycle. The decreasing order of lithium-storage capability (CoTP·2H2O No.1 < CoTP·2H2O No.2 < CoTP No.1 < CoTP No.2) and its reverse trend of charge-transfer resistance indicate an adverse effect of crystal water, conflicting with the previously demonstrated enhancement of crystal water in inorganic cupric oxalate hydrates. Especially, combining voltage profile with its differential curve clearly reveals a 12-electron transfer lithiation-delithiation mechanism, which explains the ultrahigh reversible capacity (1234.2 mAh g−1, the 350th cycle) of CoTP No.2 structure and indicates a successful approach to the facile preparation of the organic anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
The essential need for new lithium-ion battery materials providing higher energy and power densities has triggered an exceptional increase in scientific and industrial research efforts in recent years. Regarding the anode side, the two major research directions to achieve improved energy densities have, so far, focused on materials which can host lithium either by alloying or by a conversion mechanism. Very recently, however, a new class of potential next generation anodes is gaining continuously increasing attention: conversion/alloying materials. Herein, we provide for the first time a comprehensive review on this new materials' class. Initially, we discuss the two possible approaches to realize a combined conversion and alloying mechanism in a single compound, starting either from pure conversion or pure alloying materials. Based on this overview we subsequently highlight the fundamental insights and their potential advantages, which shall provide scientists with some general considerations and principles for the development of new, further enhanced conversion/alloying materials.
A one-pot in situ pyrrole polymerization strategy, followed by controllable atomic layer deposition of TiO2 and pyrolysis process, is carried out to construct the core-shell SnO2/NC@TiO2 with sub-5 nm SnO2 nanoparticles uniformly dispersing in interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres coated by TiO2 layer. Benefiting from the unique structural stability of SnO2/NC@TiO2, as anode materials for LIBs, they show much improved cycling stability and rate capability compared with the bare SnO2 and SnO2/NC electrodes. Specifically, the SnO2/NC@TiO2 electrode with a 10 nm TiO2 coating layer demonstrate the optimal lithium ion storage performance, delivering initial discharge capacity of 1224 mAh g−1 with a first-cycle Columbic efficiency of 72.3% and 871 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the assembled SnO2/NC@TiO2//LiFePO4 full cell demonstrates a good rate capability with a reversible capacity of 145 mAh g−1 (67% capacity retention of the initial value) when the electrode undergoes various current densities after 70 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the surface interface engineering by the interconnected carbon matrix as well as the uniform TiO2 outer layer. These achieved results suggest that interconnected SnO2/NC@TiO2 electrodes have the potential to be used as anode for high-performance lithium ion battery.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) software offers a rapid, cost effective means of prioritizing the mutagenic potential of chemicals. MDL QSAR models were developed using atom-type E-state indices and non-parametric discriminant analysis. Models were developed for Salmonella typhimurium gene mutation, combining results from strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, and TA1538 (n =3228), and Escherichia coli gene mutation tests WP2, WP100, and polA (n =472). Composite microbial mutation models (n =3338) were developed combining all Salmonella, E. coli, and the Bacillus subtilis rec spot test study results. The datasets contained 74% non-pharmaceuticals and 26% pharmaceuticals. Salmonella and microbial mutagenesis external validation studies included a total of 1444 and 1485 compounds, respectively. The average specificity, sensitivity, positive predictivity, concordance, and coverage of Salmonella models was 76, 81, 73, 78, and 98%, respectively, with similar performance for the microbial mutagenesis models. MDL QSAR and discriminant analysis provides rapid and highly automated mutagenicity screening software with good specificity, sensitivity, and coverage that is simpler and requires less user intervention than other similar software. MDL QSAR modules for microbial mutagenicity can provide efficient and cost effective large scale screening of compounds for mutagenic potential for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
A pilot program focusing on municipal solid waste (MSW) source-separated collection was launched in eight major cities throughout China in 2000. Detailed investigations were carried out and a comprehensive system was constructed to evaluate the effects of the eight-year implementation in those cities. This paper provides an overview of different methods of collection, transportation, and treatment of MSW in the eight cities; as well as making a comparative analysis of MSW source-separated collection in China. Information about the quantity and composition of MSW shows that the characteristics of MSW are similar, which are low calorific value, high moisture content and high proportion of organisms. Differences which exist among the eight cities in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) are presented in this paper. Only Beijing and Shanghai demonstrated a relatively effective result in the implementation of MSW source-separated collection. While the six remaining cities result in poor performance. Considering the current status of MSWM, source-separated collection should be a key priority. Thus, a wider range of cities should participate in this program instead of merely the eight pilot cities. It is evident that an integrated MSWM system is urgently needed. Kitchen waste and recyclables are encouraged to be separated at the source. Stakeholders involved play an important role in MSWM, thus their responsibilities should be clearly identified. Improvement in legislation, coordination mechanisms and public education are problematic issues that need to be addressed.
Porous silicon (PS) negative electrodes with one-dimensional (1-D) channels have been successfully fabricated using an electrochemical etching process. The peak current and the amount of charge transferred during cyclic voltametry (CV) increase with the channel depth of the PS, indicating that the channel wall of the PS participates in the lithiation/delithiation process. The channel structure of the PS electrodes remains essentially the same after 35 CV cycles in spite of the severe deformation of the channel wall during the repetitive lithium alloying/dealloying process. The specific capacity of the PS depends critically on the degree of activation of the PS before the galvanostatic charge/discharge experiment. For an exemplary PS electrode pre-activated by 20 CV cycles, the reversible specific capacity of the PS reached 43μAhcm−2. After a subsequent activation by 10 CV cycles, the capacity increased by 40% (60μAhcm−2). One-dimensional porous silicon appears to be a promising negative electrode for rechargeable micro-batteries.
An advanced electrochemical characterization of cross-linked ternary solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), prepared by a solvent-free hot-pressing process, is reported. Ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability window and limiting current measurements were performed as a function of the temperature by using both potentiodynamic and galvanostatic techniques. Additionally, the lithium cycleability was evaluated with respect to its dependence on both the operating temperature and the current density by using a new multi-rate Li-stripping-plating procedure. The results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of higher operating temperatures on the rate-capability, without major degradation of the electrochemical stability of the SPE. All-solid-state lithium metal polymer batteries (LMPBs), comprising a lithium metal anode, the cross-linked ternary solid polymer electrolyte and a LiFePO4 composite cathode, were manufactured and investigated in terms of the interdependencies of the delivered capacity, operating temperature and discharge rate. The results prove quite exceptional delivered capacities both at medium current densities at ambient temperatures and even more impressive capacities above 160mAhg−1 at high discharge rates (1C) and temperatures above 60°C.
This paper shows a Ti-doping strategy for improvement of transport and electrochemical properties of P2-type Ni- and Mn-based layered oxides, candidate cathode materials for the high-voltage Na-ion batteries. Pure and Ti-substituted Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67-yTiyO2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.33) oxides are synthesized using a standard high temperature solid state method. While Ti does not affect structural parameters of the materials considerably, it induces change of occupancy of both Na-sites, which is found to be beneficial. For higher concentrations of Ti (y ≥ 0.2) both, electronic and ionic components of the electrical conductivity are enhanced, with sodium conductivity remaining about three orders of magnitude higher than the electronic part. Improved conductivity is associated unexpectedly with higher activation energy, and such peculiar behavior seems to be interrelated with disruption of the ordering at Na-sites. As documented, moderate level of Ti-doping enables to design functional layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for Na-ion batteries, exhibiting high voltage and high reversible capacity.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as the mainstream rechargeable batteries are widely used in industrial production and life. However, it is hard to meet the demand in the future due to the lack of lithium resources. At the same time, increasingly scarce lithium resources will increase the cost of LIBs. In contrast, potassium is abundant in the earth's crust, and available researches suggest that rechargeable potassium ion batteries (KIBs) may be a promising substitute for LIBs. In this paper, the research progress of non-aqueous KIBs is reviewed, including cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, binders, opportunities and future challenges. Firstly, cathode and anode materials are summarized according to the different reaction types. Secondly, the application and influence of electrolytes and binders for non-aqueous KIBs are also discussed. Moreover, in order to promote the advancement for non-aqueous KIBs, the main future challenges and some solutions are also proposed.
In the present work, the polypyrrole (PPy), as a conductive polymer, is for the first time introduced as functional binder of air cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries by a self-assembly process. Most of the carbon particles in the air cathode are found to be uniformly congregated with each other by the in-situ polymerized conductive polymer PPy, which affords a lower electrode resistance and higher electrode integrity. Replacement of the conventional inactive PVDF binder by the functional conductive polymer in the cathode, which not only acts as the binder and conductor, but also functions as a host for fast Li-ion insertion/extraction, has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the cycle-efficiency, specific capacity, rate capability and cycling stability of the lithium–oxygen cells. In comparison with the PVDF binder, the PPy/C cathode demonstrates ∼2.6 times (2626.3 mA h g−1 vs. 1005.8 mA h g−1) and ∼5.3 times (1816.4 mA h g−1 vs. 345.6 mA h g−1) higher capacity at 0.1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mA cm−2 respectively.