batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study examined the effect of high-temperature conditions and uniform wear time durations (expeditionary, 33 h continuous wear; garrison, 3 days, 8 h/day wear) on permethrin exposure, assessed by urinary permethrin biomarkers, from wearing post-tailored, factory-treated military uniforms. Four group study sessions took place over separate 11-day periods, involving 33 male Soldiers. Group 1 (n = 10) and Group 2 (n = 8) participants wore a study-issued permethrin-treated Army uniform under high heat environment (35 °C, 40% relative humidity (rh)) and expeditionary and garrison wear-time conditions, respectively. For comparison, Group 3 (n = 7) and Group 4 (n = 8) participants wore study-issued permethrin-treated uniforms in cooler ambient conditions under operational and garrison wear-time conditions, respectively. Urinary biomarkers of permethrin (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and the sum of cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) were significantly higher under high temperature compared to ambient conditions, regardless of wear-time situations (Group 1 vs. Group 3; Group 2 vs. Group 4; p < 0.001, for both). Under high-temperature conditions, expeditionary (continuous) compared to garrison wear-time resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) higher urinary biomarker concentrations (Group 1 vs. Group 2). Differences related to wear-time under the ambient conditions (Group 3 vs. Group 4) were not statistically significant. Findings suggest that wearing permethrin-treated clothing in heat conditions results in higher internal dose of permethrin above that observed under ambient conditions.
Intercalation/deintercalation of large size Na ion leads to serious electrode materials fragmentation that would be the main reason of Na-ion battery capacity fading. Herein, we reported a Na-ion battery cathode material composed of layer-structured VO2 (A) nanowires wrapped with graphene. The VO2 (A)/graphene nanostructure which effectively suppressed pulverization of VO2 (A) nanowires during cyclic charging and discharging exhibited prominent cycle stability and high specific capacity. A reversible capacity of 115 mA h g−1 was retained over 100 cycles at a high current density of 100 mA g−1. Comparing to the electrochemical performance of other vanadium oxides, VO2 (A)/graphene demonstrates a potential cathode material for Na-ion batteries.
This study examined the rates and correlates of self-reported receipt for mental health services among 1,190 adolescents, aged 12–19, who were admitted to community-based substance abuse outpatient clinics and had a co-occurring mental health problem. Utilization of mental health service was ascertained 3 months post-intake. About one third (35%) of adolescents with a co-occurring mental health problem identified at intake received mental health service in the 3 months after treatment entry. After holding other correlates constant, history of mental health treatment, suicidal behavior, family history of mental disorder and insurance coverage at intake were associated with mental health service utilization at the 3-month follow up. Predictors of service utilization varied by gender and racial/ethnic status. Implications for integrated substance use and mental health services are discussed.
Rate capability is a critical metric for assessing lithium-ion battery materials, especially in the electric vehicle industry which requires high battery power density. The typical method for rate capability evaluation of battery materials involves electrode processing, battery assembly, and testing on a battery cycler with varying current rates. This method is very important in evaluating battery materials, however, it is time-consuming and depending on the cell type can take days to weeks. Rate capability can also be affected by other factors besides the active material properties including electrode slurry homogeneity, contact junctions formed during battery assembly, and the connectivity of the interfaces within the battery electrodes. Herein, we will describe the use of a technique termed dispersed particle resistance (DPR) to evaluate the battery cathode active material LiCoO2 (LCO), the first layered oxide evaluated using this method. This new technique works relatively fast, providing qualitative analysis within several minutes, and does not require electrode fabrication or additional materials in the system besides a carrier fluid for the electrolyte. While DPR does not explicitly give rate capability of the materials, DPR was successfully demonstrated to provide the relative rate capability for multiple different LCO samples, as supported by the results obtained from conventional rate capability testing using cycling data. Additionally, the physical properties of the material probed by the DPR were investigated by determining the lithium diffusivity in the crystal structure of the different LCO materials with galvanostatic intermittent titration technique.
The 42-volt electrical system is to be introduced in automobiles to provide the extra power needed for various electromagnetic devices. This offers an opportunity for insulated iron powder to replace lamination steel in a variety of motors. Brushless motor design can probably benefit most from insulated iron powder compacts because of the design simplicity of powder metal parts and three-dimensional flux capability that is most beneficial in rotating devices says Sim Narasimhan…
The aim of this paper is to discuss a few approaches to the evaluation of writing, their advantages and disadvantages in detail and accompanied them with practical examples based on teacher's experience in running a Course of Academic Writing at the Faculty of Informatics and Management (FIM) of the University of Hradec Kralove (UHK), Czech Republic. Firstly, the evaluation methods will be described and their benefits and drawbacks contrasted. Secondly, evaluation scales for grading students’ assignments will be outlined. Finally, the paper will provide a practical example of evaluating writing in the Course of Academic Writing at FIM UHK.
Schizophrenia is associated with significant impairments in both higher and lower order social cognitive performance and these impairments contribute to poor social functioning. People with schizophrenia report poor social functioning to be one of their greatest unmet treatment needs. Recent studies have suggested the potential of oxytocin as such a treatment, but mixed results render it uncertain what aspects of social cognition are improved by oxytocin and, subsequently, how oxytocin might best be applied as a therapeutic. The aim of this study was to determine whether a single dose of oxytocin improved higher-order and lower-order social cognition performance for patients with schizophrenia across a well-established battery of social cognition tests. Twenty-one male patients received both a single dose of oxytocin nasal spray (24IU) and a placebo, two weeks apart in a randomized within-subjects placebo controlled design. Following each administration, participants completed the social cognition tasks, as well as a test of general neurocognition. Results revealed that oxytocin particularly enhanced performance on higher order social cognition tasks, with no effects on general neurocognition. Results for individual tasks showed most improvement on tests measuring appreciation of indirect hints and recognition of social faux pas. These results suggest that oxytocin, if combined to enhance social cognition learning, may be beneficial when targeted at higher order social cognition domains. This study also suggests that these higher order tasks, which assess social cognitive processing in a social communication context, may provide useful markers of response to oxytocin in schizophrenia.
Lithium iron phosphates LiFe1-yCoyPO4 (y = 0, 0.1, 0.2) exposed to a charging process were studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy taking into account XRD and SEM data. Hyperfine parameters of the spectra were determined above and below the magnetic ordering temperature for all the samples. It was shown that the presence of Co impurity atoms in lithium phosphates gives no effect on the hyperfine interaction of 57Fe2+ cations. However, Co atoms in the nearest cation environment of Fe atoms lead to a significant change of the hyperfine interactions of 57Fe3+ cations. The Co impurity atoms distribution over the positions of the iron atoms in the structure is found not to be statistical,but correlated.
The increasingly demand on secondary batteries with higher specific energy densities requires the replacement of the actual electrode materials. With a very high theoretical capacity (4200mAhg−1) at low voltage, silicon is presented as a very interesting potential candidate as negative electrode for lithium-ion microbatteries. For the first time, the electrochemical lithium alloying/de-alloying process is proven to occur, respectively, at 0.15V/0.45V vs. Li+/Li with Si nanowires (SiNWs, 200–300nm in diameter) synthesized by chemical vapour deposition. This new three-dimensional architecture material is well suited to accommodate the expected large volume expansion due to the reversible formation of Li–Si alloys. At present, stable capacity over ten to twenty cycles is demonstrated. The storage capacity is shown to increase with the growth temperature by a factor 3 as the temperature varies from 525 to 575°C. These results, showing an attractive working potential and large storage capacities, open up a new promising field of research.
Addition of low molecular weight lithium salt improved the ionic conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with the average molecular weight of 1000 having sulfonamide lithium salt on both ends (PEO1900/SALi salt hybrid). These mixtures with the hybrid and a variety of lithium salts gave homogeneous viscous liquid. The DSC measurement revealed that the mixture was amorphous without the crystallization of PEO chains. Ionic conductivity of the mixture with hybrid and equimolar amount of LiClO4 was 1.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 50°C which was 3.8 times higher than that of the hybrid without the salt. Slight addition of the salt, which has low lattice energy such as LiClO4, was effective for improvement of the ionic conductivity. Ionic conductivity of the mixture lowered by the increase of added salt concentration because of considerable increase of glass transition temperature (T g). Among these, the mixture with lithium bis-(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) kept ionic conductivity high in a wide salt concentration without large elevation of the T g.
Fisheries bycatch is one of the biggest threats to marine mammal populations. A literature review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive assessment and synopsis of gear modifications and technical devices to reduce marine mammal bycatch in commercial trawl, purse seine, longline, gillnet and pot/trap fisheries. Successfully implemented mitigation measures include acoustic deterrent devices (pingers) which reduced the bycatch of some small cetacean species in gillnets, appropriately designed exclusion devices which reduced pinniped bycatch in some trawl fisheries, and various pot/trap guard designs that reduced marine mammal entrapment. However, substantial development and research of mitigation options is required to address the bycatch of a range of species in many fisheries. No reliably effective technical solutions to reduce small cetacean bycatch in trawl nets are available, although loud pingers have shown potential. There are currently no technical options that effectively reduce marine mammal interactions in longline fisheries, although development of catch and hook protection devices is promising. Solutions are also needed for species, particularly pinnipeds and small cetaceans, that are not deterred by pingers and continue to be caught in static gillnets. Large whale entanglements in static gear, particularly buoy lines for pots/traps, needs urgent attention although there is encouraging research on rope-less pot/trap systems and identification of rope colours that are more detectable to whale species. Future mitigation development and deployment requires rigorous scientific testing to determine if significant bycatch reduction has been achieved, as well as consideration of potentially conflicting mitigation outcomes if multiple species are impacted by a fishery.
Zero-strain insertion mechanism of Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 ( F d 3 ¯ m , a = 8.35 7 _ Å) was examined by ex situ XRD. Change in oxygen positional parameter at 32(e) sites was observed to be from 0.266 for Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 to 0.257 for Li2[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 while the cubic lattice dimension remains virtually constant. This indicates that bond length of TiO elongates from 1.96 to 2.03Å due to the change in oxygen parameter, when Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 is reduced to Li2[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4. Relationship among the cubic crystallographic unit cell dimension, mean bond length of TiO, and oxygen parameter is given for space group symmetry of F d 3 ¯ m in order to understand the zero-strain insertion scheme, and an origin of the zero-strain insertion scheme is discussed from the analytical results.
Roughness is an important parameter to describe the microtopography of target surface. In the field of roughness detection, constraints on traditional methods are significant. Meanwhile, polarization imaging technology is gradually mature in recent years. In this paper, a method of roughness estimation with Mueller matrix is presented. Battery of lenses with fixed orientation have been introduced to produce a facula on the measured surface. Polarized information of each pixel can be obtained with the lenses of known position. According to the polarized information and Lambertian model, Stocks vector, Mueller matrix, and reflected Mueller matrix of each pixel can be acquired. Therefore, the roughness information of target surface can be obtained according to the relationship between roughness information and elements of matrix. Experimental results show that with the proposed method, efficiency of roughness detection can be improved without precision deducing. It can lay a foundation for extending the application of roughness into the field of object identification.
Electrochemical and energy storage properties of thin layer hybrid supercapacitors in the solid-state platform utilizing two asymmetric poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT and graphene electrodes with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid gel electrolyte are described. In hybrid design, energy storage is by electrical double-layer charges at graphene and through reversible faradic redox process at PEDOT while the high operational voltage of 2.7 V due to ionic liquid electrolyte boosted the energy density. The PEDOT film was synthesized by pulsed current electropolymerization as confirmed by Raman analysis and was in the microporous form for pervasive access to electrolyte ions. Areal mass of PEDOT was varied and the hybrid supercapacitors with PEDOT/graphene active mass ratio 0.35, 0.46, and 0.78 were analyzed for specific capacity and charge–discharge behavior in order to balance the charge and charge transfer kinetics for optimized hybrid supercapacitor device. Randles–Sevcik analysis showed high ClO4− ion diffusivity 6.6 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 at 2.7 V in ionic liquid gel which is comparable to liquid electrolytes. By combining the micro-porosity of PEDOT, large 600 m2 g−1 surface area of graphene and high 2.7 V stability of ([BMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid gel electrolyte, energy density of 14.9 Wh kg−1 at specific power rating of 9.8 kW kg−1 are realized and stability over 2000 charge–discharge cycles is shown. Impedance and Bode analysis using equivalent circuit model is presented. The characteristics of solar electricity storage are described which can have applications as autonomous energy source harvesting light energy for powering portable power electronics.
The polyporous polymer nanofibre membranes with optimized core (polyacrylonitrile, PAN)-shell (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) structure are prepared by coaxial electrospinning, and then converted to gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) after the activation process of stacked nanofibre membranes in liquid electrolyte. Based on the proper collocation of polymer materials, the desirable microstructure of polymer membranes as well as the affinity between fibre shell and the electrode/electrolyte result in a high saturated electrolyte uptake and conservation rate. The electrochemical testing results of the GPEs indicate high ionic conductivities, good electrochemical stability and appropriate lithium-ion transference numbers, which are realized through choosing optimal core–shell flow rate ratio. Furthermore, the interface impedance performance of the GPEs shows good stability and compatibility with lithium electrode, which is beneficial for long-term storage and use of the lithium-ion battery. The Li/GPE/LiCoO2 cells with GPEs based on the electrospun membranes with optimized core–shell structure present excellent cycle performance compared to the cell involved with GPEs based on PAN and commercial Celgard 2500. Thus, the polymer membranes consisting of nanofibres with well-designed core–shell structure can be used as a new type of skeleton material in GPEs used in lithium-ion batteries.
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is often severe, enduring, and contributes significantly to chronic disability. A standardized platform for identifying cognitive impairments and measuring treatment effects in cognition is a critical aspect of comprehensive evaluation and treatment for individuals with schizophrenia. In this project, we developed and tested a suite of ten web-based, neuroscience-informed cognitive assessments that are designed to enable the interpretation of specific deficits that could signal that an individual is experiencing cognitive difficulties. The assessment suite assays speed of processing, sustained attention, executive functioning, learning and socio-affective processing in the auditory and visual modalities. We have obtained data from 283 healthy individuals who were recruited online and 104 individuals with schizophrenia who also completed formal neuropsychological testing. Our data show that the assessments 1) are acceptable and tolerable to users, with successful completion in an average of under 40 min; 2) reliably measure the distinct theoretical cognitive constructs they were designed to assess; 3) can discriminate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls with a fair degree of accuracy (AUROC > 0.70); and 4) have promising construct, convergent, and external validity. Further optimization and validation work is in progress to finalize the evaluation process prior to promoting the dissemination of these assessments in real-world settings.
Three-dimensional nano-nickel electrodes fabricated on silicon microchannel plates by electroless deposition are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared to the nickel sheet, adsorption of cations and anions is detected due to the larger surface area of the porous nickel structure and three-dimensional architecture of the silicon microchannel plates. Adsorption is sensitive to the frequency and increasing step of the external voltage and different desorption rates of 0.003 and 0.027 A/cm2 are observed from cations and anions, respectively. The experimental results indicate that adsorption is responsible for the anomalous increase of the impedance in the low frequency region.
In this work, we report an environmentally friendly and low-cost approach to synthesize an all biomass-derived electrode from cotton through a pyrolysis process and apply this novel electrode to a VRFB for the first time. It is demonstrated that this carbonized cotton (CC) electrode presents a higher BET surface area, a larger number of oxygen-containing functional groups, a better wettability and higher catalytic activity for vanadium reactions than commercial carbon papers (CPs) do. As a result, the CC electrode improves the reversibility toward VO2+/VO2 + by 100mV lower peak separation as compared with commercial CPs. Moreover, the VRFB assembled with the prepared electrodes delivers a high voltage efficiency of 75.4% at a current density of 100mAcm−2, outperforming the oxidized CPs (68.3%), and a better rate performance during the charge-discharge test at various current densities. These results suggest that the carbonized cotton electrode offers a great promise for the large-scale application in VRFBs.
Sodium-ion battery is the most promising alternative to lithium-ion battery for the similar chemical properties to lithium and low cost due to the earth abundance of sodium. Red phosphorus (RP) is regarded as a potential candidate for sodium-ion batteries because it has the highest theoretical capacity (∼2600 mA h/g), but commercially available RP is electrochemical inactivity with sodium as a result of the insulating nature. Among the P-based anodes for SIBs, they were all in the form of carbon−P composites. Herein, we report that commercial RP mixed with appropriate amount of iron developed by high-energy ball milling can deliver a reversible capacity of 1642 mA h g−1 over 30 cycles. EIS measurement results indicated that Fe content composites has higher sodium diffusion coefficient. When utilized as a sodium ion battery anode, 9.1% Fe-adding RP composites exhibited the best electrochemical performance achieved 1582, 1419, 884 and 676 mA h g−1 specific desodiation capacity at 0.2, 0.6, 1, 6 and 10 A g−1 current density in rate capability tests. This study opens a new approach to activate the sodium-ion storage of phosphorus, which will enable phosphorus-related materials to be used in more innovative energy storage systems.
This paper analyzes the optimal planning and operation of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER) with participation in the electricity market. Aggregators manage their portfolio of resources in order to obtain the maximum benefit from the grid, while participating in the day-ahead wholesale electricity market. The goal of this paper is to propose a model for aggregated DER systems planning, considering its participation in the electricity market and its impact on the market price. The results are the optimal planning and management of DER systems, and the appropriate energy transactions for the aggregator in the wholesale day-ahead market according to the size of its aggregated resources. A price-maker approach based on representing the market competitors with residual demand curves is followed, and the impact on the price is assessed to help in the decision of using price-maker or price-taker approaches depending on the size of the aggregated resources. A deterministic programming problem with two case studies (the average scenario and the most likely scenario from the stochastic ones), and a stochastic one with a case study to account for the market uncertainty are described. For both models, market scenarios have been built from historical data of the Spanish system. The results suggest that when the aggregated resources have enough size to follow a price-maker approach and the uncertainty of the markets is considered in the planning process, the DER systems can achieve up to 50% extra economic benefits, depending on the market share, compared with a non-aggregated business-as-usual approach (not implementing DER systems).
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and severe disease with a limited response to currently available therapies. Epithelial cell injury and failure of appropriate healing or regeneration are central to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intratracheal transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can stop and reverse the fibrotic process in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats.