batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Acute pass/fail, multi-concentration tests, and 3-brood chronic toxicity tests with Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) were used to characterise industrial and municipal effluents from various sources. The effluents that “passed” the pass/fail tests had 48-h EC50 values >100% and reproduction No Observed Effect Concentration (NOECs) ≥100%, except for one effluent that had a reproduction NOEC of 31.6%. The acute multi-concentration toxicity tests allowed a rapid classification of effluents from Very Toxic (48-h EC50<25%), to Non-Toxic (48-h EC50 >100%). The acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR: 48-h EC50 divided by the NOEC for reproduction) in the studied effluents ranged from 5 to about 100. From these results, we propose a step-wise protocol for assessing effluent toxicity. First, effluent is evaluated by means of simple and rapid pass/fail acute toxicity tests, to discriminate Non-Toxic from potentially Toxic effluents, thus facilitating the establishment of priority actions. Second, 48-h ECx is estimated to classify effluents on a toxicity scale from Non-Toxic to Very Toxic. Third, chronic multi-concentration tests are used to calculate reproduction NOECs. These parameters combined with data on effluent chemical composition, chemical and hydrological characteristics of receiving waters, and biological quality criteria can be jointly used for more rational regulatory practices and risk assessment of effluents.
Diffusivity of redox shuttle additive in solvent plays an important role in the design of Li-ion battery. As redox shuttle additive, 10-methylphenothiazine (MPT) can give good overcharge protection in LiFePO4-based Li-ion cells, therefore diffusion coefficient of MPT in solvent needs to be known. A different data processing method based on optical digital interferometry is put forward to determine diffusion coefficient in this work. This method is verified by KCl aqueous solution and the relative standard uncertainty of diffusion coefficient is about 2.3%. The diffusion coefficients of MPT in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from 288.15K to 313.15K at several concentrations are measured and the corresponding calculation equation of diffusion coefficient is presented.
Different mass ratios of polypyrrole (PPy) to graphene hydrogel (GH) nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide and chemically oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, forming a three-dimensional framework of PPy wrapped on the surface of GH without adding any toxic reductive agents. Electrochemical tests show that PPy/GH15 nanocomposite exhibits unique electrochemcial properties, such as enhanced electrolytic permeability and high electric capacity. Thanks to the synergistic effect of the pseudo-capacitance of PPy and the electric double layer capacitance of GH, PPy/GH15 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 375Fg−1 at a scan rate of 10mVs−1. In addition, the PPy/GH15 electrode shows good cycling stability, and its specific capacitance retention is 87% even after 4000 charge–discharge cycles in the potential window of −0.1 to 0.6V, suggesting it an ideal electrode material for supercapacitor.
Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing awareness of bullying and the effect that it has on the educational and social achievements of children. We took evidence on the effects of bullying which suggested that it causes a number of problems such as general unhappiness, low-self esteem, psychosomatic symptoms, depression and increasingly suicide. Accordingly the purpose of educational institutions is to find the most appropriate approach to analyze the phenomenon. The aim of this work is to assist the educational institutions providing them statistical tools as well as strategies of analysis which might be useful for a context analysis. For the purpose of our research study, we concentrate on data collected from a survey on students at a primary school level.
The ternary [Li+]0.09[MePrPyr+]0.41[NTf2 −]0.50 room temperature ionic liquid was obtained by dissolution of solid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf2) in liquid N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([MePrPyr+][NTf2 −]), and studied as an electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. The graphite–lithium (C6Li) anode, working together with vinylene carbonate as an additive showed ca. 90% of its initial discharge capacity after 50 cycles. The addition of vinylene carbonate to the neat ionic liquid results in the formation of the protective coating (SEI) on both the lithium and graphite anodes. The SEI formation increases the rate of the charge transfer reaction as well as protects the anode from chemical passivation (corrosion). The graphite–lithium (C6Li) anode shows good cyclability and Coulombic efficiency in the presence of 10wt.% of vinylene carbonate as an additive to the ionic liquid.
Epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte was prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride, lithium triflate, and epoxy. The effect of the composition of the adhesive polymer electrolyte on the ionic conductivity, viscosity, and tension strength was investigated. The ionic conductivity of an adhesive polymer electrolyte could reach the order of magnitude of 10−2 S cm−1. Structural supercapacitors with epoxy based adhesive polymer electrolyte were fabricated using a vacuum bagging method. The structural supercapacitors showed excellent electrochemical performance and acceptable mechanical strength simultaneously. The maximum specific energy was 2.64 Wh kg−1 and the ultimate tensile strength was 80 MPa. The capacitance retention of the structural SC was 84% and the columbic efficiency was above 95% after 5000 cycles. The response of electrochemical performance of the structural supercapacitors to in-plane tensile stress was studied. Before fracture, both the specific power and the specific energy increased slightly with increasing the stress level.
Tin oxide/Multi Walled Carbon nano tube nanocomposite (SnO2/MWCNT) is synthesized using ethylene glycol mediated industrially viable simple process. Binder free, self-supporting and flexible SnO2/MWCNT nanocomposite paper has been prepared by employing the vacuum filtration technique. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate the structure of anode and tested for its performance in a Lithium rechargeable cell. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the SnO2/MWCNT composite paper anode with 30% of SnO2 by weight delivers a specific discharge capacity of ∼420 mAhg−1 up to the investigated 50 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1 which is ∼200 % increase in capacity as compared to pristine MWCNT anode tested under similar conditions. The application of the developed anode is demonstrated by fabricating a lithium ion pouch cell.
Polyazulene films formed by electrochemical oxidation of azulene have been studied as active components in electrochemical capacitors. The film shows reversible electrochemical behavior in the positive potential range and exhibits p-doping properties. The influence of film formation conditions on the films electrochemical properties has been investigated. A strong effect of solvent on the polyazulene deposition has been observed. The highest yield of film deposition was found for dichloromethane. Polyazulene films also exhibit stable voltammetric properties in aprotic solvents. The voltammetric response of the film is affected by the size of the anion of the supporting electrolyte. In solutions containing tetra(alkyl)ammonium perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates or hexafluorophosphates, reversible oxidation of polyazulene is obtained. In the presence of large tetra(phenyl)borate anions, polyazulene is irreversibly oxidized upon electrochemical oxidation. The capacitance properties of these materials have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polyazulene film displays a relatively high specific capacitance close to 400Fg−1. Such high value of C s locates this material among very good polymeric redox pseudo-capacitors.
This article describes the fabrication of a low-cost Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) instrument to detect diseases. In order to reduce the instrument price and simplify construction we developed an alternative fabrication process, transforming conventional printed circuit boards (PCB) in heating elements, avoiding the use of aluminum heating/cooling blocks and Peltier devices. To cool down the reaction a simple computer fan was used. The vial holder was fabricated using two double side PCB boards assembled in a sandwich-like configuration. The bottom PCB has a resistance of 0.9 Ω used to heat the reaction mix, while the top layer has a resistance of 1.1 Ω to heat the vial body, preventing vapor condensation. The top board was maintained at ~ 110 ± 1 °C during all cycles. The final device was able to heat and cool down the reaction at rates of ~ 2.0 °C/s, a rate comparable to commercial thermocyclers. An SMD NTC thermistor was used as temperature sensors, and a PID (proportional–integral–derivative) control algorithm was implemented to acquire and precisely control the temperature. We also discuss how the instrument is calibrated. The device was tested successfully for the amplification of T. pallidum (Syphilis) bacterial DNA and Zika virus RNA samples, showing similar performance to a commercial PCR instrument.
This article extends analyses of environmental influences on social action by examining the emotions experienced by Karuk Tribal members in the face of environmental decline. Using interviews, public testimonies, and survey data we make two claims, one specific, the other general. We find that, for Karuk people, the natural environment is part of the stage of social interactions and a central influence on emotional experiences, including individuals’ internalization of identity, social roles, and power structures, and their resistance to racism and ongoing colonialism. We describe a unique approach to understanding the production of inequality through disruptions to relationships among nature, emotions, and society. Grief, anger, shame, and hopelessness associated with environmental decline serve as signal functions confirming structures of power. The moral battery of fear and hope underpins environmental activism and resistance. More generally, we expand this concern to argue that neglecting the natural world as a causal force for “generic” social processes has limited not only work on Native Americans, but also work sociology of emotions and theories of race and ethnicity, and has masked the theoretical significance of environmental justice. Taking seriously the experiences of Native people and the importance of the natural environment offers an opportunity to extend sociological analyses of power and to move sociology toward a more decolonized discipline.
Tennis elbow is a common and often extremely painful musculoskeletal condition, which has considerable impact on individuals as well as economic implications for healthcare utilization and absence from work. Many management strategies have been studied in clinical trials. Whilst corticosteroid injections offer short term pain relief, this treatment is unpleasant and is used with caution due to an associated high risk of pain recurrence in the long term. Systematic reviews conclude that there is no clear and effective treatment for symptoms of pain in the first 6 weeks of the condition. There is a clear need for an intervention that is acceptable to patients and provides them with effective short-term pain relief without increasing the risk of recurrence. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an inexpensive, non-invasive, non-pharmacological form of analgesia that is commonly used in the treatment of pain. TENS has very few contraindications and is simple to apply. It also benefits from being patient controlled, thereby promoting self-management. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, in terms of pain relief, and cost-effectiveness of a self-management package of treatment that includes TENS.
This article presents a model-based monitoring approach for the internal resistance dependent state-of-health (SOH) of a high power lithium-ion battery cell used in hybrid electric vehicles. The monitoring method requires only signals which are already available in vehicles by measurement during regular driving. As varying battery temperatures occur during vehicle operation, a monitoring method has to cover the usual operation range from 0 °C to 50 °C. For this, a battery cell model from the class of linear parameter-varying (LPV) models is identified from measurement data. In contrast to many publications, the proposed monitoring method is validated using cell measurement data from driving cycles.
Introduction In complement to anti-EGFR therapy, the targeting of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is of particular interest in the management of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we assess the effects of PI3K inhibition combined with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab and/or irradiation (RT). Material and methods Anti-proliferative effects of the combination of buparlisib (a specific PI3K inhibitor), cetuximab and RT was determined in two HNSCC cell lines (CAL33, PI3KCA H1047R-mutated and CAL27, PI3KCA wild-type). We examined biochemical factors related to proliferation, apoptosis (caspases), DNA repair (ERCC1, XRCC1) and the PI3K pathway (pEGFR/EGFR, pAKT/AKT, p-p70, p4EBP1). Results The best synergistic combined treatment in inhibiting cell proliferation was sequence 2 (cetuximab followed by buparlisib) in both cell lines. Addition of RT increased sequence 2 anti-proliferative effect only in CAL27. Data on protein expression indicated a possible activation of mTORC2 complex and caspases proteins in CAL27 not seen in CAL33. In CAL33, the synergistic anti-proliferative effect of the two drugs may derive from the higher sensitivity of mutated cells to PI3K targeting. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a synergistic effect of cetuximab followed by buparlisib in both PI3KCA wild-type and mutated cells, even with different intracellular signaling cross-talk depending on mutational status.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is an electrolyte co-solvent with a wide working temperature range, which can improve the performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, PC co-intercalates into graphite with lithium ions leading to exfoliation and rapid capacity decay. Incorporation of low concentrations of Cs+ or K+ ions as additives improves the performance by inhibiting graphite exfoliation and leading to better first cycle efficiency. The electrochemical behavior of graphite anodes with a series of electrolytes containing added alkaline metal acetate salts, Li, Na, K, and Cs, has been investigated. Cells containing K and Cs acetate have the highest first cycle efficiency and reversible cycling capacity. In an effort to better understand the role of the cation on performance, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the graphitic anodes cycled with the different electrolytes has been investigated via a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The presence of the heavier cations (K and Cs) leads to a thinner SEI with higher LiF content which is likely responsible for the performance enhancement.
Subjective quality-of-life (SQOL) has been recognized as a crucial domain of outcome in schizophrenia treatment, and yet its determinants are not well understood. In a recent meta-analytic investigation of 10 studies of neurocognition and SQOL in schizophrenia (Tolman and Kurtz, Scz Bull, 2010) measures of crystallized verbal ability and processing speed were moderately negatively correlated with SQOL. One potential explanation for inverse relationships between measures of elementary neurocognition and SQOL is that higher levels of cognition may serve as a proxy for better insight into the illness, and better consequent recognition of illness-related functional impairment. This study sought to determine whether: (1) symptoms, neurocognitive variables, and insight into illness influence SQOL; and, (2) whether insight mediated or moderated a relationship between elementary neurocognitive function and SQOL. Seventy-one stabilized clients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered a neuropsychological test battery, symptom and subjective quality-of-life measures. Elementary neuropsychological measures of crystallized verbal ability, attention and working memory, and problem-solving were all inversely related to SQOL. Insight into illness and depression severity, but not positive and negative symptoms, was also inversely related to SQOL. Insight was not found to mediate or moderate any of the relationships between elementary neurocognition and SQOL. Taken together, these findings suggest that neurocognition and insight into illness have inverse relationships to SQOL and that elementary neurocognition does not influence SQOL through its link with illness insight.
Objective: To examine whether cognitive functioning is related to community integration and satisfaction with community integration in older adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Observational, cross-sectional. Setting: Research center at a large, urban medical center. Participants: 87 participants with TBI and 60 people with no history of TBI. Those with TBI ranged from 6 months to 77 years postinjury. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Participants were given a neuropsychologic battery and measure of community integration. Cognitive functioning was measured through sum z scores measuring attention, processing speed, memory, language, and executive functioning. Community integration was measured using the Living Life After Traumatic Brain Injury structured interview. Results: Cognitive functioning, as measured by attention, processing speed, memory, language, and executive functioning did not correlate with objective community integration or satisfaction with participation in older adults with or without TBI. Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive functioning, as measured by traditional neuropsychologic tests, does not predict level of participation or satisfaction with community integration in older adults with and without TBI.
Rational three-dimensional nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon nanostructured surfaced Nickel metal (Ni) nanoparticles (nps), NCNP composites have been developed using nickel organic complex and utilized as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. The NCNP composites of tunable physio-chemical characteristics, such as Ni nps size (∼18–∼42 nm), surface area (∼18–∼43 m2 g−1), pore size (3.23–3.84 nm) and nitrogen doping amount (1.20–3.87 wt%) have been achieved via controlled carbonization temperature. An optimized NCNP composite of favorable physio-chemical properties has delivered good oxygen evolution kinetics such as a lower overpotential value (370 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, a minimum Tafel slope value (55 mV dec−1), and relatively a higher electrochemical surface area (0.6325 cm−2) than the other NCNP composites. Moreover, the best NCNP electrocatalyst has shown a comparable overpotential value with the benchmarking catalyst at 10 mA cm−2, equivalent to ∼10% solar photoelectrical conversion efficiency. In addition, the best NCNP electrocatalyst has exhibited excellent accelerated degradation test for 24 h at a constant current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an increase overpotential value of 0.029 V.
In this work, nanostructured macro-mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (MMHCSs) with high surface areas (396 m2 g−1) were synthesized as anode materials via a facile template-based method. A macroporous structure was created on the surfaces of the mesoporous hollow carbon spheres without destroying their spherical structure by etching in 20% HF. The unique nanostructure (imperfect hollow spheres) and the beneficial characteristics of amorphous carbon gave the MMHCSs a high reversible capacity of 530 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1 over 1000 cycles. Remarkably, the MMHCSs retained an excellent rate capability of 180 mAh g−1 at 60 A g−1, which was superior to that of perfectly structured mesoporous hollow carbon spheres (without macropore (MHCSs)).
The olivine structured LiMnPO4/C composites were prepared by a combination of spray pyrolysis and wet ballmilling using different conductive carbons: acetylene black and two types of ketjen black. The ketjen black with a larger specific surface area and dibutyl phthalate absorption number was found to be more preferable compared with other conductive carbons studied in this work. The LiMnPO4/C composite cathode with ketjen black, which has the largest specific surface area, exhibited the largest discharge capacity compared with other LiMnPO4/C composites. The largest discharge capacity delivered by this composite cathode was 166mAhg−1 at 0.05C, which is about 97% of the theoretical value for LiMnPO4. The performance improvement by using this conductive carbon was attributed to its extremely large specific surface area and high ability to absorb the electrolyte, which provide enhanced charge transfer and lithium ion transport in the composite cathode structure.
Recent research has questioned whether the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS) measure the same constructs for adults with intellectual disabilities as they do for the general population (MacLean et al., 2011). Using the special validity sample of the WAIS-IV (Wechsler, 2008b), the structure of the WAIS-IV was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and tested for measurement invariance across a sample with intellectual disabilities and a control group matched in demographic characteristics. The instrument demonstrated strong factorial invariance when the standard subtests were used. When the standard and supplemental subtests were included in the model, the WAIS-IV four-factor structure provided a model of measurement for the Subtest Scores in the intellectual disability group, but the Perceptual Reasoning factor demonstrated differentiation into Fluid Reasoning and Visual-Spatial factors in the matched control group. In general, the research findings suggest that the four-factor structure of the WAIS-IV is invariant across the intellectual disability and matched control groups.
Anaerobic bacteria and anoxic sediments from soda lakes produced electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). No electricity was generated in the absence of bacterial metabolism. Arsenate respiring bacteria isolated from moderately hypersaline Mono Lake (Bacillus selenitireducens), and salt-saturated Searles Lake, CA (strain SLAS-1) oxidized lactate using arsenate as the electron acceptor. However, these cultures grew equally well without added arsenate using the MFC anode as their electron acceptor, and in the process oxidized lactate more efficiently. The decrease in electricity generation by consumption of added alternative electron acceptors (i.e. arsenate) which competed with the anode for available electrons proved to be a useful indicator of microbial activity and hence life in the fuel cells. Shaken sediment slurries from these two lakes also generated electricity, with or without added lactate. Hydrogen added to sediment slurries was consumed but did not stimulate electricity production. Finally, electricity was generated in statically incubated “intact” sediment cores from these lakes. More power was produced in sediment from Mono Lake than from Searles Lake, however microbial fuel cells could detect low levels of metabolism operating under moderate and extreme conditions of salt stress.