batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In attempt to improve interfacial electrical conductivity of stainless steel for bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, TiN nanoparticles were electrophoretically deposited on the surface of stainless steel with elastic styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) particles. From transmission electron microscopic observation, it was found that the TiN nanoparticles (ca. 50nm) surrounded the spherical SBR particles (ca. 300–600nm), forming agglomerates. They were well adhered on the surface of the type 310S stainless steel. With help of elasticity of SBR, the agglomerates were well fitted into the interfacial gap between gas diffusion layer (GDL) and stainless steel bipolar plate, and the interfacial contact resistance (ICR), simultaneously, was successfully reduced. A single cell using the TiN nanoparticles-coated bipolar plates, consequently, showed comparable cell performance with the graphite employing cell at a current density of 0.5Acm−2 (12.5A). Inexpensive TiN nanoparticle-coated type 310S stainless steel bipolar plates would become a possible alternate for the expensive graphite bipolar plates as use in fuel cell applications.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may cause an acute shortage of ventilators. Standard noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure devices with spontaneous and timed respirations (bilevel PAP ST) could provide invasive ventilation but evidence on their effectiveness in this capacity is limited. We sought to evaluate the ability of bilevel PAP ST to effect gas exchange via invasive ventilation in a healthy swine model.
Hollingsworth & Vose is increasing prices by 3–5% on its battery, engine and high efficiency filtration glass and cellulose products due to rising fibre, resin and energy costs.
A unique MoS2/RGO/MoS2 (MRMS) nanostructured composite is prepared on Mo net surface through an in-situ hydrothermal synthesis. During the synthesis process, Mo net serves as not only a support but also Mo source for the lower MoS2 layer and reductant of GO. MRMS samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As-synthesized MoS2/RGO/MoS2@Modirectlyactedassupercapacitorelectrodewhichexhibitedexcellentelectrochemicalperformance(*): A high capacity of 1138.5 mF cm−2 at 20mAcm−2 (455.3Fg−1), and a capacity retention of 98.8% after 4000 running times. A symmetric supercapacitor device consisting of two MRMS electrodes was assembled, which exhibited an energy density of 6.22 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1.87kWkg−1.
We present a new type of large-scale computational screening approach for identifying promising candidate materials for solid state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries that is capable of screening all known lithium containing solids. To be useful for batteries, high performance solid state electrolyte materials must satisfy many requirements at once, an optimization that is difficult to perform experimentally or with computationally expensive ab initio techniques. We first screen 12831 lithium containing crystalline solids for those with high structural and chemical stability, low electronic conductivity, and low cost. We then develop a data-driven ionic conductivity classification model using logistic regression for identifying which candidate structures are likely to exhibit fast lithium conduction based on experimental measurements reported in the literature. The screening reduces the list of candidate materials from 12831 down to 21 structures that show promise as electrolytes, few of which have been examined experimentally. We discover that none of our simple atomistic descriptor functions alone provide predictive power for ionic conductivity, but a multi-descriptor model can exhibit a useful degree of predictive power. We also find that screening for structural stability, chemical stability and low electronic conductivity eliminates 92.2% of all Li-containing materials and screening for high ionic conductivity eliminates a further 93.3% of the remainder. Our screening utilizes structures and electronic information contained in the Materials Project database.
The development of a new, low-impact, canopy-access system is described from its original idea until the final realization after about 30 years.
One of the most important factors that directly affects the quality of health care is patient safety. Minimize the occurrence of adverse events is one of the main challenges for health professionals. This requires continuous tracking of the patient by different areas and services, a process known as traceability and proper patient identification and medication prescribed. This article presents an information system for patient tracking and drugs developed for the Emergency Department of Hospital A Coruña. The systems use RFID technology to perform various tasks: (1) locate patients in different areas; (2) measure patient care times and waiting times; (3) identify unitary doses of medication; and (4) ensure the correct matching between the patient and the medication prescribed by the doctor. The hardware infrastructure as well as the optimal configuration of devices interconnected via a wireless network was determined by conducting a detailed coverage study. To support all the functionality needed, specific tools were designed and integrated with proprietary software applications. The RFID system was evaluated positively by staff from different professional profiles involved in its development or subsequent implementation.
Reading-impaired children have difficulty tapping to a beat. Here we tested whether this relationship between reading ability and synchronized tapping holds in typically-developing adolescents. We also hypothesized that tapping relates to two other abilities. First, since auditory-motor synchronization requires monitoring of the relationship between motor output and auditory input, we predicted that subjects better able to tap to the beat would perform better on attention tests. Second, since auditory-motor synchronization requires fine temporal precision within the auditory system for the extraction of a sound’s onset time, we predicted that subjects better able to tap to the beat would be less affected by backward masking, a measure of temporal precision within the auditory system. As predicted, tapping performance related to reading, attention, and backward masking. These results motivate future research investigating whether beat synchronization training can improve not only reading ability, but potentially executive function and auditory processing as well.
Si, when compared to conventional graphite, offers an order-of-magnitude improvement as a high capacity anode material for Li-ion batteries. Despite significant advances in nanostructured Si-based anodes, the formation of stable Si anodes remains a challenge, due to the significant volume changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. Si/graphene composites, with graphene sheets and Si nanoparticles bound in a dispersion obtained by a self-assembly technique using non-covalent electrostatic attraction (following thermal processing to remove residual organic material) are used to prepare Si-based anodes for use in Li-ion batteries. A mesoporous structure, obtained by further thermal processing is able to accommodate large Si nanoparticle volume changes during cycling, thereby facilitating Li-ion diffusion within the electrode. Morphological analysis showed that Si nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on the graphene sheets, which is thought to account for the excellent electrochemical performance of the resulting Si/graphene composite. A composite containing Si 67.3 wt% exhibits a greatly improved capacity and cycling stability in comparison with bare Si in combination with the thermal reduction of a simple mixture of graphene oxide and Si nanoparticles without electrostatic attraction (Si content = 64.6 wt%; capacity of 512 mAh g−1 in 40th cycle).
We present a two-step method to optimize the nanoporous characteristics of TiO2 samples thus enabling a higher charge and discharge capacity and a larger rate capability compared to dense TiO2 materials. We use a simple sol–gel process to fabricate spherical titanium glycolates precursors followed by subsequent hydrothermal or annealing treatments resulting, respectively, in highly porous or dense TiO2 nanospheres. These processes enable control of the grain size, pore structure, and specific surface area of the TiO2. The fabricated TiO2 nanostructures have been subsequently used to assemble lithium-ion batteries. Galvanostatic discharge–charge tests indicate that the porous TiO2 nanospheres possess high and stable reversible capacity of 229, 133, and 56mAhg−1 at 0.06, 0.6 and 6C, respectively; whereas the corresponding values for dense TiO2 nanospheres are 217, 45, and ∼1mAhg−1. Such considerable improvement of the electrochemical activity is attributed to the porous TiO2 nanostructures, and subsequent change in diffusion length, and enables the possibility to optimize the high rate capability in TiO2-based lithium-ion batteries.
To transition toward sustainable energy systems, next generation power sources must provide high power density at minimum cost. Using inexpensive and environmentally friendly fabrication methods, this work describes a room temperature electrochemical flow cell with a maximum power density of 2.01 W cm−2 or 13.4 W cm−3. In part, this is achieved by minimizing ohmic resistance through decreased electrode spacing, implementation of current collectors and improvement of electrolyte conductivity. The majority of the performance gain is provided by a novel in operando dynamic flowing deposition method for which the cell design has been optimized. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are deposited dynamically at the entrance of and within the carbon paper electrodes during operation of the cell. A natural equilibrium is reached between deposition and detachment of CNTs at which the electrochemical surface area and pore size distribution of the flow-through porous electrodes are greatly enhanced. In this way, the novel deposition method more than doubles the power density of the cell and sets a new performance benchmark for what is practically attainable with aqueous electrochemical flow cells. Overall, it is expected that the design and operation methods illustrated here will enable a wide range of electrochemical flow cell technologies to achieve optimal performance.
LiCoPO4 (LCP) is a promising candidate as alternative cathode for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. However, its practical electrochemical performances are still far from the theoretical data likely due to the low electronic and ionic conductivities. Moreover LCP typically suffers a rapid capacity fading upon cycling, probably due to structural degradations and electrolyte decomposition at 5V vs. Li+/Li. Previous studies showed that carbon coating and metal doping may improve LCP electrochemical properties. In this work we report: (a) the fine tuning of a novel synthetic route at low temperature to obtain micrometric LCP crystallites morphologically homogeneous and crystallographically pure; (b) the analysis of the effect of iron doping on LCP structural features and electrochemical properties in lithium cell; (c) the beneficial simultaneous effect of iron doping and post-synthesis high-temperature annealing on the electrochemical performances in Li cells. The optimized material shows a reversible capacity of 120mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate and a capacity retention of 78% after 20 cycles.
In order to find a more convenient processing method and more suitable paste formula for making VRLA batteries, hydrogen peroxide solution and red lead (Pb3O4) have been used together during the paste preparation. The use of hydrogen peroxide solution to replace the conventional sulphuric acid solution can accelerate the oxidation of free lead in the paste and therefore reduce the time for the plate curing, while the addition of red lead can enhance the cell formation and improve the cell performance. Based on these two beneficial functions, a new process for making VRLA cells was proposed and investigated. Cells were assembled directly from freshly pasted plates without undergoing the conventional plate curing and drying process, and the battery formation that followed was successful. The new processing resulted in an increase in the production efficiency and a substantial reduction in production time and cost. The battery performance, in terms of both the initial discharge capacity and the cycle life, is also improved by the use of red lead.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether attachment insecurity, focusing on disorganized attachment, and the executive function (EF) component of inhibition, assessed at age 5, were longitudinally related to general externalizing problem behaviors as well as to specific symptoms of ADHD and Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. General externalizing problem behaviors were also measured at age 5 to allow for a developmental analysis. Outcome variables were rated by parents and teachers. The sample consisted of 65 children with an oversampling of children with high levels of externalizing behaviors. Attachment was evaluated using a story stem attachment doll play procedure. Inhibition was measured using four different tasks. The results showed that both disorganized attachment and poor inhibition were longitudinally related to all outcome variables. Controlling for initial level of externalizing problem behavior, poor inhibition predicted ADHD symptoms and externalizing problem behaviors, independent of disorganized attachment, whereas for ASD symptoms no predictive relations remained. Disorganized attachment independently predicted CU traits.
In this work, we report microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis of monoclinic sodium titanates with either tunnel or with mixed tunnel/layered structure. Single phase Na2Ti6O13 and mixed phase Na2Ti6O13/Na2Ti3O7 titanates were studied by electrochemical measurements with cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic cycling. SEM images revealed that all the synthesized materials consist of rods with widths in the range of tenths to hundreds nanometers. XRD analysis was used for determination of the phase composition and crystallite size. It was shown that mixed phase electrode material reveals higher capacity and wider active voltage range but has also lower cycling stability. The insertion potential of layered titanate Na2Ti3O7 is much lower than in the case of Na2Ti6O9 and the specific capacity of mixed titanate in the first cycle is double the capacity of pure Na2Ti6O9. Although presence of layered titanate contributed to high specific capacity in early cycling, it allowed a considerable decrease in specific capacity at higher numbers of cycles.
Cobalt doped LaMnO3-graphene composites are prepared by sol-gel process assisted with chelating effect of citric acid. The structure, morphology and valence state of samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Results show that LaMn1-xCoxO3 particles are homogeneously dispersed on graphene nanosheets, and that doping Co does not change the pervoskite structure. Electrochemical properties are characterized by rotating disk electrode (RDE), rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE), galvanostatic discharge and AC impedance spectra techniques. The sample prepared with x=0.1 possesses excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and good electrochemical stability in alkaline medium. The measurements of RDE and RRDE reveal that the electron transfer number of LaMn0.9Co0.1O3-graphene is calculated to be 3.87. All the above results indicate that the LaMn1-xCoxO3-graphene composites are promising catalysts with a high catalytic activity toward ORR.
Single cell oils (SCOs) accumulated by oleaginous fungi have emerged as a potential alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. Though fungi from mangrove ecosystem have been reported for production of several lignocellulolytic enzymes, they remain unexplored for their SCO producing ability. Thus, these oleaginous fungi from the mangrove ecosystem could be suitable candidates for production of SCOs from lignocellulosic biomass. The accumulation of lipids being species specific, strain selection is critical and therefore, it is of importance to evaluate the fungal diversity of mangrove wetlands. The whole cells of these fungi were investigated with respect to oleaginicity, cell mass, lipid content, fatty acid methyl ester profiles and physicochemical properties of transesterified SCOs in order to explore their potential for biodiesel production.
Climate change, malnutrition, and food insecurity are the inevitable challenges being faced by the agriculture sector today. Plants are susceptible to extreme temperatures during the crucial phases of flowering and seed development, and elevated carbon levels also lead to yield losses. Productivity is also affected by floods and droughts. Therefore, increasing plant yield and stress tolerance are the priorities to be met through novel biotechnological interventions. The contributions of NAC genes towards enhancing plant survivability under stress is well known. Here we focus on the potential of NAC genes in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance, secondary cell wall synthesis, lateral root development, yield potential, seed size and biomass, ROS signaling, leaf senescence, and programmed cell death. Once naturally tolerant candidate NAC genes have been identified, and the nature of their association with growth and fitness against multi-environmental stresses has been determined, they can be exploited for building inherent tolerance in future crops via transgenic technologies. An update on the latest developments is provided in this review, which summarizes the current understanding of the roles of NAC in the establishment of various stress-adaptive mechanisms in model and food crop plants.
Four organic–inorganic hybrid ionic liquid polyoxometalate (IL–POM) nanomaterials which combined excellent electrochemical properties of ILs and POMs have been fabricated by a facile synthesis method of solid-state chemical reaction at room temperature with the reactants of four ILs and Keggin-type structure phosphomolybdic acid. The electrochemical studies reveal that the as-prepared IL–POM modified carbon paste electrodes (IL–POM CPEs) show enhanced electrochemical responses than those of quaternary ammonium polyoxometalates, which may be due to the conductivities of the organic cations for ILs. Furthermore, IL–POM CPEs exhibit good catalytic activities and sensitive responses to the reduction of nitrite, bromate and hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its outstanding performance, the organic–inorganic hybrid IL–POM CPEs would take on promising prospects of the practical applications in electrochemical sensors.
Abstract The term “nutraceuticals” has been used to describe products derived from natural sources that provide additional health benefits beyond the basic nutritional value in foods. These include dietary supplements, functional foods, medicinal foods, and “farmaceuticals.” It is believed that such products promote general well-being, control symptoms, and possibly prevent disease processes. The safety assessment of nutraceuticals is an essential part in their development for commercialization. To this end, several methods, both in vitro and in vivo, have been described in the literature. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to briefly describe in vitro models for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals, potentially, as an alternative to conducting animal studies. These include evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, major organ systems toxicity such as hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and toxicity as determined using more recent “omics” and “in silico” approaches. Further, emerging technologies such as “human, organ, and/or lab in a chip” are also discussed. It is believed that, going forward, these in vitro alternatives will play a significant role in minimizing animal use and contribute toward the “3Rs” (reduce, replace, and refine) concept. However, it should be cautioned that such methodologies, as we know them thus far, still need to be validated sufficiently so they can play a major role as an alternate to in vivo testing. Currently, they contribute significantly toward understanding the mechanism of action of xenobiotics, including nutraceuticals. Additionally, they serve as initial screens in understanding the effects of test agents on complex biological systems while assisting in the evaluation of efficacy, safety, and toxicity during the development of products, including nutraceuticals.
The successful outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very much dependent on precise positioning of the components. Inaccuracy may result in complaints as well as in early mechanical failure. Between March 2003 and September 2005, 69 TKA procedures were performed by the computer navigated technique. The postoperative outcome of this cohort was compared with the same number of TKAs done by the traditional technique. The lower limb anatomical axis was determined in all cases pre- and postoperatively by weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral full length X-rays. The positions of femoral and tibial components were recorded. Comparing the data in the navigation group on the AP view, 96.6% of femoral and 96.9% of tibial components and on the lateral view in 95.4% of femoral and in 95.4% of tibial components, the overall postoperative axis in 95.4% fell in the range considered in the literature as optimal. In the traditional group on the AP view, 75.7% of femoral and 68.1% of tibial components and on the lateral view 81.8% of femoral and 63.6% of tibial components, the overall postoperative axis in 60.6% fell between the values considered optimal in the literature. It seems to be proven that the computer navigated total knee arthroplasty technique ensures positioning of components significantly more precisely compared with the traditional surgical method. Accuracy of navigation depends on the software used, on the correct detection of anatomical reference points, and on a potentially uneven thickness of the cement layer during final insertion of the components. The computer navigated technique does not substitute professional skill and experience, since it merely transmits information for the surgeon. The decision is in the hands of the doctor during the entire procedure. The real benefits of the computer navigated technique require further research and can be determined only after long-term analyses.
This study explores and quantifies the social costs and benefits of grid-scale electrical energy storage (EES) projects in Great Britain. The case study for this paper is the Smarter Network Storage project, a 6 MW/10 MWh lithium battery placed at the Leighton Buzzard Primary substation to meet growing local peak demand requirements. This study analyses both the locational and system-wide benefits to grid-scale EES, determines the realistic combination of those social benefits, and juxtaposes them against the social costs across the useful lifecycle of the battery to determine the techno-economic performance. Risk and uncertainty from the benefit streams, cost elements, battery lifespan, and discount rate are incorporated into a Monte Carlo simulation. Using this framework, society can be guided to cost-effectively invest in EES as a grid modernization asset to facilitate the transition to a reliable, affordable, and clean power system.