batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this paper a nanocomposite prepared by graphene (GR) and SnO2 nanosheets was used to modify a N-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate based carbon ionic liquid electrode. The presence of GR–SnO2 nanocomposite on the electrode surface exhibited synergistic effects to improve the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode. Electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA) on the electrode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results indicated that the GR–SnO2 nanocomposite modified electrode displayed high electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of DA with the increase of the redox peak currents and the decrease of the peak-to-peak separation. Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to the DA concentration in the range from 0.5 to 500.0μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.13μmol/L (S/N=3). The modified electrode showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity even in the presence of high concentration of uric acid. The proposed method was applied to determine DA content in real samples with satisfactory results.
An analytical model is proposed to describe the two-dimensional distribution of potential and current in planar electrodes of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries. A concentration-independent polarization expression, obtained experimentally, is used to mimic the electrochemical performance of the battery. By numerically solving the charge balance equation on each electrode in conjugation with the polarization expression, the battery behavior during constant-current discharge processes is simulated. Our numerical simulations show that reaction current between the electrodes remains approximately uniform during most of the discharge process, in particular, when depth-of-discharge varies from 5% to 85%. This observation suggests to simplify the electrochemical behavior of the battery such that the charge balance equation on each electrode can be solved analytically to obtain closed-form solutions for potential and current density distributions. The analytical model shows fair agreement with numerical data at modest computational cost. The model is applicable for both charge and discharge processes, and its application is demonstrated for a prismatic 20Ah nickel-manganese-cobalt lithium-ion battery during discharge processes.
A high capacity Li2MnSiO4 (LMS)/C nanocomposite has been prepared by glucose assisted sol–gel method with in situ carbon coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the formation of orthorhombic structure with Pmn21 space group. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows that the LMS/C powders consist of uniformly distributed nanoparticles with size in the range of 20–50 nm and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirms that amorphous carbon coat on the LMS nanocrystals. Electrochemical tests reveal that the LMS/C nanocomposite has a high initial discharge capacity of 253.4 mA h g−1 at 10 mA g−1 and superior rate capability (193.1 mA h g−1 at 160 mA g−1 and 149.9 mA h g−1 at 320 mA g−1). The improved electrochemical performance is ascribed to coated carbon and nanoparticle size, which can enhance the electronic conductivity as well as lithium-ion diffusion coefficient.
CO2 capture technologies based on chemisorption present the potential to lower net emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. The electrochemical upgrade of captured CO2 to value-added products would be particularly convenient. Here we find that this goal is curtailed when the adduct of the capture molecule with CO2 fails to place the CO2 sufficiently close to the site of the heterogeneous reaction. We investigate tailoring the electrochemical double layer to achieve the valorization of chemisorbed CO2 in an aqueous monoethanolamine electrolyte. We reveal, using electrochemical studies and in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, that a smaller double layer distance correlates with improved activity for CO2 to CO from amine solutions. With the aid of an alkali cation and accelerated mass transport by system design—temperature and concentration—we demonstrate amine–CO2 conversion to CO with 72% Faradaic efficiency at 50 mA cm–2.
The electrochemical capacitance of porous carbon materials including activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon gels were investigated. Due to their different porous structures, these carbons showed different capacitive behaviors in aqueous solutions and ionic liquids. It was found that carbon nanotubes, having the largest micropore volume, and the carbon gels with 3D macroporous framework presented the opposite results in charge capacity in the two media. The experimental data showed that microporous materials presented the higher capacitance in aqueous solutions, while macropores were more favorable for improving power and energy properties in ionic liquids owing to the higher operable voltage of the ionic liquids. This may imply that the capacitive performance of a porous material depends more on its matching degree to the applied electrolytes than on its overall pore volume. Carbon materials with ample macropores could be more suitable to be used in ionic liquids to fully exert the energy output for a capacitor. An electrochemical capacitor based on 3D macroporous carbon gels in ionic liquids has been demonstrated to show a specific energy of 58Whkg−1, comparable to a commercial battery.
Lithium–magnesium solid solution alloys with compositions between Li0.6Mg0.4 and Li0.8Mg0.2 were prepared by melting the component metals in argon. Experiments carried out in a transparent cell confirmed the suppression of dendrite formation on the alloy surface. Diffusion kinetics within the bulk alloy limit the practical current density, particularly during discharging. Heating mixtures of lithium nitride and magnesium provides a convenient method of preparing ceramic–metal composites (“cermets”) containing the solid solution alloy and inert magnesium nitride. The cermets can be formed into a desired shape before or after reaction and may offer a route to higher surface area metallic anodes with improved rate capability.
This paper studies optimal control of mobile monitoring agents in artificial-immune-system-based (AIS-based) monitoring networks. In AIS-based structural health monitoring (SHM) networks, the active structural health monitoring is performed by a group of mobile monitoring agents equipped with damage pattern recognition algorithms. The mobile monitoring agents mimic immune cells in the natural immune system and patrol a structure to detect damage patterns using their receptors (feature vectors), damage pattern recognition algorithms, and the dynamic response data of the structure. The optimal control of mobile monitoring agents includes agent generation and distribution. The generation of mobile monitoring agents is optimized to minimize the response time for the mobile monitoring agents to diagnose structural damage in a sub-network and maximize the average affinity of monitoring agents′ receptors to the damaged sensor data feature vector. The objective functions for distributing mobile monitoring agents are to increase the detection probability and extend network life by balancing energy consumption of sensor nodes in the network. The presented optimization algorithms are developed using multi-objective genetic algorithms. The impact of the algorithm parameters on the performance of the algorithm is also investigated.
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) counteract ubiquitin ligases to modulate the ubiquitination and stability of target signaling molecules. In Drosophila, the ubiquitin–proteasome system has a key role in the regulation of apoptosis, most notably, by controlling the abundance of the central apoptotic regulator DIAP1. Although the mechanism underlying DIAP1 ubiquitination has been extensively studied, the precise role of DUB(s) in controlling DIAP1 activity has not been fully investigated. Here we report the identification of a DIAP1-directed DUB using two complementary approaches. First, a panel of putative Drosophila DUBs was expressed in S2 cells to determine whether DIAP1 could be stabilized, despite treatment with death-inducing stimuli that would induce DIAP1 degradation. In addition, RNAi fly lines were used to detect modifiers of DIAP1 antagonist-induced cell death in the developing eye. Together, these approaches identified a previously uncharacterized protein encoded by CG8830, which we named DeUBiquitinating-Apoptotic-Inhibitor (DUBAI), as a novel DUB capable of preserving DIAP1 to dampen Drosophila apoptosis. DUBAI interacts with DIAP1 in S2 cells, and the putative active site of its DUB domain (C367) is required to rescue DIAP1 levels following apoptotic stimuli. DUBAI, therefore, represents a novel locus of apoptotic regulation in Drosophila, antagonizing cell death signals that would otherwise result in DIAP1 degradation.
Scientists from The Australian National University have used supercomputers to reveal how plastic items can be designed to withstand the sun for longer. The researchers, led by Associate Professor Michelle Coote and PhD student Anya Gryn’ova from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology at ANU, have used quantum chemistry and supercomputers to model polymer degradation and discovered how to make better, more robust plastics. Their work will be published in a special edition of The Royal Society Chemistry journal, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry.
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate or Methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride as a cationic monomer was copolymerized by UV with anionic monomer such as acrylic acid (AAc), into a polyampholyte. The pH responsive swelling behaviour and the pH and electro-responsive drug release functions of polyampholyte were investigated. The result showed that a copolymer of cation rich composition swelled at acidic condition, and shrank at alkaline condition. On the other hand, an anion rich copolymer showed a reverse phenomenon. Polyampholyte proved to interact with an ionic drug both by ionic binding and physical adsorption.
To handle the complexity of modern automotive power nets, simulation-based design methods are important and suitable models of all system components including the battery as a main part are therefore mandatory. However, simulation models of energy storage devices are difficult to obtain. In particular, batteries are time-variant and strongly non-linear. An impedance-based modeling approach has been applied that copes with these characteristics and offers the development and parameterization of powerful models covering a wide dynamic range. As an example, this paper outlines the development of a NiMH battery model. Besides the impedance-based part of the model, the influences of the typical hysteresis effect of NiMH batteries is described in detail and an empirical modeling approach is introduced. The presented model is already successfully used by an automotive manufacturer which reflects the applicability of the modeling approach.
RuO2 displays excellent bifunctional catalysis towards the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions of Li-O2 battery. Nevertheless, how the solid catalyst successively catalyzes solid Li2O2 formation and decomposition, confronting passivation and loss of RuO2/Li2O2 contact, during discharging and charging remains a mystery. Here we report operando observations of RuO2 catalyzed oxygen reduction and evolution reactions of Li2O2 by utilizing a liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscope. Upon discharging, RuO2 obviously accelerates formation of soluble LiO2 intermediates and acts as preferential sites of Li2O2 precipitation. During charging, the catalytic activation of RuO2 takes place at electrolyte-RuO2-Li2O2 triple-phase interfaces. Importantly, RuO2 not only catalyzes the decomposition of directly contacted Li2O2, but also promotes oxidation of soluble LiO2 for rapid dissolution of isolated Li2O2 nanoparticles by a chemical comproportionation reaction. The observation unveils how RuO2 catalyzes the formation and decomposition of Li2O2 during discharging and charging and provides nanoscale insights into cathodic reactions of Li-O2 batteries with solid catalysts.
LiNi1/3Co1/3−x M x Mn1/3O2 (M=Fe and Al; x =0, 1/20, 1/9 and 1/6) have been synthesized by firing the co-precipitates of metal hydroxides. The impacts of Fe and Al doping on the structure and electrochemical performances of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are compared by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and galvanostatic charge/discharge test as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. These materials keep the same layered structure as the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 host. It is found that Fe- and Al-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 show different characteristics in lattice parameter and cycling voltage plateau with increasing dopant dose. More interestingly, low Al doping (x <1/20) improves the structural stability while Fe doping does not have such effect even at low Fe content.
Banerjea R, Sambamoorthi U, Weaver F, Maney M, Pogach LM, Findley T. Risk of stroke, heart attack, and diabetes complications among veterans with spinal cord injury. Objectives To compare the rates of diabetes and macrovascular conditions in veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine variations by patient-level demographic, socioeconomic, access, and health status factors. Design A retrospective analysis. Diabetes status was classified by merging with diabetes epidemiology cohort using a validated algorithm. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions used to compare rates in macro- and microvascular conditions in veterans with and without diabetes. Setting Veteran Health Administration clinic users in fiscal year (FY) 1999 to FY 2001. Participants SCI patients (N=8769) with diabetes (n=1333), in FY 2000, identified through the SCI registry. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Macrovascular and microvascular conditions in the next year (February 2001). Derived from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes in the patient treatment files. Results Overall, 15% of SCI veterans were identified with diabetes but this was an underestimate due to high mortality (8%). Among SCI veterans with diabetes, 49% had at least one macrovascular condition and 54% had microvascular conditions compared with 24% and 25% of those without diabetes (P<.001). Conclusions Our study highlights the highly significant relationship between diabetes and macro- and microvascular conditions in veterans with SCI. Neurologic deficit combined with increased insulin resistance has a greater macrovascular impact on SCI veterans than on those who do not have diabetes. Increasing age and physical comorbidities compound the problem.
Tin antimonide alloy was obtained for the first time using a very simple dry microwave route. Up to 1 g of well crystallized SnSb can be easily prepared in 90 s under air in an open crucible. A full characterization by X-ray diffraction and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy demonstrated the benefit of carbon as susceptor, which avoid any oxide contamination. The microwave-prepared SnSb was tested as negative electrode material in Li batteries. Interesting results in terms of capacity and rate capability were obtained with up to 700 mAh/g sustained after 50 cycles at variable current. These results pave the way for the introduction of microwave synthesis as realistic route for a rapid, low cost and up-scalable production of electrode material for Li batteries or other large scale application types.
Background Delaying a diagnosis of breast cancer directly and positively impacts survival. Self-efficacy has been shown to be a causal mechanism in a wide range of health behaviors, a measurable trait that predicts behavior across domains, which is strong associated with psychological variables. However, factors predicting self-efficacy of women with suspected breast cancer who delayed or did not delay seeking a breast cancer diagnosis over time have not been identified. Objectives To examine the differences between women who delay and women who did not delay seeking a cancer diagnosis, and key factors predicting self-efficacy over time among women with newly-diagnosed breast cancer. Design Descriptive, longitudinal design over 2 months following breast cancer diagnostic evaluation. Setting A medical center is located in southern Taiwan. Participants Eighty women with suspected breast cancer were approached and 67 subjects with a positive diagnosis of breast cancer were recruited. Methods Subjects were categorized into women who delayed their diagnosis and women who did not delay their diagnosis. A battery of 5 standardized questionnaires including self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, personality, spiritual support and hope was completed at the first three clinic visits. Results Stage of cancer, trait extroversion/neuroticism and spiritual support were significantly different between groups (p <0.05). Subjects who did not delay (β =−1.613, p <0.05), and time that histology results were provided (β =−2.4333, p <0.001) had a significantly predicted negative change in self-efficacy compared to the group that delayed. Hope at the first clinic visit contributed to the change in self-efficacy over time (β =0.391, p <0.001). Conclusions Personal factors affecting a woman's delay in obtaining medical assessment of breast cancer confirmation. Hope impacts self-efficacy of women with suspected breast cancer and interventions to enhance hope during the early stages of breast cancer evaluation require further study.
WO3-coated Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathode materials have been synthesized by using co-precipitation method along with a liquid-evaporation coating process. Investigations via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that a WO3 layer is uniformly distributed on the surface of bulk Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2. After coating appropriate amount of WO3, the Li-rich cathode materials exhibit improved electrochemical performance. In particular, the 2 wt% WO3 coated sample (WO3-0.02 LLNMO) can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 252.2 mA h g-1 with a low irreversible capacity loss of 44.6 mA h g-1 and remarkable cycling stability of 97% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 52 mA g−1. This is mainly due to the effects of the WO3 coating layer which can suppress the initial activation of Li2MnO3 and improve the stability of surface structure of Li-rich materials by protecting it from corrosion by HF and other side reactions.
Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets vertically aligned on the single layer graphene sheet (MoS2-NS/G) were synthesized by a simple CVD method. It is found that the single layer graphene plays important roles not only in the synthesis process but also in the electrochemical performance. The favorable vertical design can offer remarkable advantages such as fast electron transport/collect ion and ion diffusion, reduced charge-transfer resistance, and facile accommodation of the strains caused by lithium intercalation and deintercalation. The MoS2-NS/G was calculated to show the highest capacity of 620mAhg−1 in these electrodes at a large current density of 4Ag−1 for 1000 cycles. It also delivers a good long-life cycling performance at high capacity of 1040mAhg−1. Additionally, the excellent rate performance of MoS2-NS/G may be due to the heterostructure of graphene and MoS2. It is also found that the charge storage of MoS2 contains capacitive process. Because electrons can directly transport from the current collector to the electrolyte along MoS2 basal planes, the need for carbon black and binder is eliminated. It is believed that the MoS2-NS/G also has immense potential for applications in supercapacitor.
Objective: We tested the effects of a 10-week group-based cognitive–behavioral stress management/expressive–supportive therapy intervention (CBSM+) and a time-matched individual psychoeducational condition for 330 women with AIDS reporting moderate to poor baseline quality of life (QOL). The goal of this study was to examine treatment effects on total QOL and 11 QOL domains from baseline to post-intervention follow-up. Methods: Participants were assessed at baseline, randomized to a treatment condition (individual psychoeducation condition n=180, group-based CBSM+ condition n=150), participated in the intervention for 10 weeks and assessed again within 4 weeks following the intervention. QOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study-HIV-30. Results: QOL scores increased over the course of both interventions for the total QOL score and three QOL domains: cognitive functioning, health distress and overall health perceptions. While women in the CBSM+ group condition showed a significant improvement in mental health QOL from pre- to post-intervention, women in the individual condition did not change. No changes were observed for energy/fatigue, health transition, single-item overall QOL, pain, physical well-being, role functioning or social functioning in either condition. Conclusion: Results suggest that group-based CBSM+ and individual psychoeducational interventions are effective at improving certain aspects of QOL and that group-based CBSM+ may be particularly effective at increasing QOL related to mental health in this population of women with AIDS.
For future energy supply systems the effects and benefits of battery storage systems in households with photovoltaic (PV) generators and the effects on distribution and transmission grids need to be identified and analyzed. The development of grid relieving management strategies for the storage system in due consideration of self-consumption is a necessary step forward in order to analyze the potential of private home battery storage systems to reduce stress on the power supply system. A MATLAB-based model of a lithium-ion storage system has been developed. The model is applicable for a wide range of PV generator sizes, different battery storage systems and diverse management strategies. In order to identify the potential of grid relieving forecast strategies, without discharging the storage into the grid, a management strategy based on persistence forecasts of solar radiation and household load demand has been implemented and analyzed. To minimize forecast uncertainties a proportional plus integral controller has been developed. The persistence forecast management strategy is applicable in real-life PV-battery-systems and due to the simple forecast it is easy to equip existing systems with such a management system with only low effort. As a result it will be shown that a storage system management based on forecasts has a significantly higher potential to relieve the grid than a system that only maximizes self-consumption as it is usually used nowadays. Besides, such a management strategy is able to unload the grid more than a static power reduction to 70% of the nominal power rating according to the current German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). At the same time, the self-consumption can be retained at nearly the same level as by using a management strategy to purely maximize the self-consumption. Even less energy is wasted then with the feed-in limitation.
This paper presents a brief history of energy harvesting for low-power systems followed by a review of the state-of-the-art of energy harvesting techniques, power conversion, power management, and battery charging. The advances in energy harvesting from vibration, thermal, and RF sources are reviewed as well as power management techniques. Examples of discrete form implementation and integrated form implementation using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and CMOS microelectronic processes are also given. The comparison between the reviewed works concludes this paper.