batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Laheru D, Kerr JC, McGregor AH. Assessing hip abduction and adduction strength: can greater segmental fixation enhance the reproducibility? Objective To improve the reproducibility of testing hip abduction and adduction using an isokinetic dynamometer by a novel testing protocol. Design Test-retest design. Setting Biodynamics laboratory. Participants Fifteen healthy subjects (9 men, 6 women; age, 22.4±0.5y) were recruited. Interventions Two setups were compared: the first according to manufacturer’s guidelines (setup A) and the second a novel setup incorporating pelvic fixation (setup B). Setups A and B were performed in a random order. Both setups included the same battery of isokinetic (30°/s, 60°/s) and isometric tests, and were repeated 1 week later. Main Outcome Measures The peak torque for each abduction and adduction exercise was noted and pelvic motion during testing was recorded. Results Setup B significantly (P<.05) reduced transverse pelvic rotation by between 7.5° and 8.0° dependent on test speed. Mean differences for reproducibility of peak torque, ranged from 0.8 to 11.7Nm. The coefficients of repeatability of both setups were similar, ranging from 21.4 to 56.3Nm across isokinetic exercises. A similar observation was noted for isometric exercises, with the differences between the coefficients of repeatability ranging from 18.6 to 40.0Nm. Conclusions Reducing pelvic rotation does not enhance reproducibility of the system and is not related to torque production. Further research is required to determine the optimal test setup.
ABSTRACT Background Recent technological advances have resulted in the marketing of high-powered, or HP, battery-operated light-emitting diode, or LED, dental curing lights. The authors examine the curing efficiency and peak polymerization temperature, or Tp, of a new HP LED curing light. Methods The authors studied four visible light-curing, or VLC, units: HP LED (A), first-generation LED (B), conventional halogen (C) and high-intensity halogen (D). They determined the depth of cure, or DOC; adhesion; and Tp of three types of VLC resin-based composites after exposure to each light. The exposure times for units A and D were one-half those for units B and C. Results The power density of unit A was 1,000 milliwatts per square centimeter, which was comparable to that of unit D with turbo charge. The DOC and adhesion attained for all three resin-based composites after being light cured by unit A for a 10-second exposure time were equivalent to those after being light cured by unit D for a 10-second exposure time and to those after being light cured by units B and C for 20-second exposure times. The resin-based composites light cured by unit A attained significantly lower Tps than did those light cured by unit D at equivalent cure, or exposure, times and by unit C at twice the cure time. Conclusions The authors found that Unit A effectively cured the resin-based composites at one-half the cure time of units B and C and at the same time as unit D, while maintaining low Tp. Clinical Implications The battery-operated HP LED curing light might be an effective, time-saving alternative for clinicians to use in light curing resin-based composites.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) or PVA complexes with lithium bis(oxalato)borate or LiBOB have been prepared by solution casting. X-ray diffraction reveals that the amorphousness of the polymer increased until 40wt.% LiBOB salt concentration. The increase in amorphousness is accompanied by a decrease in the glass transition temperature, T g . The diffusion coefficient of lithium ion obtained from cyclic voltammetry (CV) is 1.98×10−8 cm2 s−1. From infrared and impedance spectroscopic studies, it is inferred that conductivity is governed by charge carrier density, ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient for PVA incorporated with 10–40wt.% LiBOB. However, for the sample with equal weight ratio of PVA and LiBOB, ionic mobility and diffusivity have a greater influence over charge carrier density in determining conductivity at room temperature (RT). PVA can solvate a large amount of salt and for the highest conducting composition of 60wt.% PVA–40wt.% LiBOB, conductivity extends from 10−4 Scm−1 at RT (25°C) to 10−3 Scm−1 at 100°C. This sample was tested as an electrolyte in a Li–air cell.
The polymer electrolytes are promising materials for the ever-growing need for high energy density power sources for power and traction applications. With an emphasis on lithium batteries, the field of polymer electrolytes has gone through a sort of three stages; dry solid systems, polymer gels, and polymer composites. The ‘polymer gels’ and the ‘polymer composites’, the former incorporating organic solvents, have shown room temperature conductivities as high as 10−3 S cm−1 .The ‘dry solid systems’ presently suffer from poor ionic conductivities (∼10−5 S cm−1 at 20°C), but are safer than the former due to absence of any organic solvent which can cause environmental hazards. In the area of electrode systems, one can notice quite good performances by the organo-sulfur polymers as cathode materials and poly(p-phenylene) as an anode material. Specific energies as high as 180 W h kg−1 have been demonstrated in cells containing these polymers. Examples of various test cells based on the above types of polymer electrolytes incorporating lithium metal, intercalation type electrodes, and polymer electrodes are reviewed.
We investigate the effects of the Co and Mn ratio on the structure, morphology, electrochemical properties, and thermal stability of Li[Ni0.52Co0.16+x Mn0.32−x ]O2 cathode materials. Li[Ni0.52Co0.16+x Mn0.32−x ]O2 (x =0, 0.08, 0.16) cathode materials are prepared via high temperature calcination of LiOH and coprecipitated [Ni0.52Co0.16+x Mn0.32−x ](OH)2 hydroxides. From an X-ray diffraction investigation, the prepared materials have a well ordered O3 type α-NaFeO2 layer structure ( R 3 ¯ m ) . As the Co content (x) is increased, the initial discharge capacity increase slightly but it is accompanied by severe capacity fading during extensive cycling. Meanwhile, a small increase of Mn enhances the electrochemical stability at high temperature (55°C) as well as the thermal stability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that manganese substitution is effective to reduce the resistance during cycling due to stabilization of the host structure.
Herein, we report a simple base-free hydrothermal route for the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 fibers by using chitosan as direct agent. This hierarchical structure combines advantages of mesopores constructed by interconnected sub-10nm nanocrystals on nanoscale and 1D structure with large aspect ratio on micron-scale, which is desired structural characteristic needed for the high-performance anode materials. Benefiting from such unique structural features, it demonstrates superior high charge/discharge capability, good cycling stability and rate capability when used as lithium-ion batteries electrode. For example, it can deliver a capacity of 174mAhg−1 at 0.5C and 137mAhg−1 at 5C after 100 cycles.
High-capacity Li2MnSiO4/C (LMS/C MBS) nanoparticles have been prepared using sonochemistry under a multibubble sonoluminescence (MBS) condition, and their physical and electrochemical properties were characterized. The results show that LMS/C MBS nanoparticles exhibit a nearly pure crystalline phase with orthorhombic structure and have a spherical shape and a uniform particle size distribution centered at a diameter of 22.5 nm. Galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements reveal that LMS/C MBS delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 260 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 16.5 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5–4.8 V (vs. Li/Li+), while LMS MBS (LMS without a carbon source under MBS) and LMS/C SG (LMS with a carbon source using the conventional sol–gel method) possess lower capacities of 168 and 9 mA h g−1, respectively. The improved electrochemical performance of LMS/C MBS can be ascribed to the uniform nanoparticle size, mesoporous structure, and in-situ carbon coating, which can enhance the electronic conductivity as well as the lithium ion diffusion coefficient.
Catalytic properties of the metal-organic framework Cr-MIL-101 in solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide as co-catalyst have been explored under mild reaction conditions (8 bar CO2, 25 0C). Styrene and propylene carbonates were formed with high yields (95% and 82%, respectively). Catalytic performance of Cr-MIL-101 was compared with other MOFs: Fe-MIL-101, Zn-MOF-5 and HKUST-1. The catalytic properties of different quaternary ammonium bromides, Cr-MIL-101 as well as PW12/Cr-MIL-101 composite material have been assessed in oxidative carboxylation of styrene in the presence of both tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H2O2 as oxidants at 8–100 bar CO2 and 25–80 0C with selectivity to styrene carbonate up to 44% at 57% substrate conversion.
This paper aims to estimate a parsimonious data-congruent model for aggregate real consumption in Japan using quarterly data over the past two decades. Testing co-breaking, cointegration and weak exogeneity plays an important role in pursuing the model reduction. It is demonstrated that co-breaking removes a deterministic shift caused by the collapse of the bubble economy in Japan in the early 1990s. Multivariate cointegration analysis then reveals that inflation plays a critical role in accounting for the long-run behaviour of the aggregate consumption. Further analysis finds that inflation and aggregate income are weakly exogenous with respect to a set of parameters of interest. Finally, a parsimonious data-congruent model for the aggregate consumption is estimated conditional on the set of weakly exogenous variables.
Operando magnetic susceptibility measurements of the cathode material LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 during repetitive electrochemical cycling enable a continuous and volume sensitive monitoring of the transition metal oxidation states. Upon charging a simultaneous oxidation of Co2+- and Ni2+-ions down to a Li-content of x = 0.53 occurs, followed by an exclusive oxidation of Ni3+-ions for 0.53 > x > 0.21 . In the low Li concentrations regime x < 0.21 Co3 +-ions were found to be involved in the charge compensation process although a sufficient amount of Ni3+-ions is still present in the cathode material. While the oxidation process of Ni2+- and Co2+-ions is reversible, the Ni3+- and Co3+-ion oxidation process is found to be at least partially irreversible.
Purpose To assess possible gains and losses in straylight values among the population to consider straylight as added benefit of lens extraction. Design In this cross-sectional design, data from a multicenter study on visual function in automobile drivers were analyzed. Methods On both eyes of 2,422 subjects, visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] in steps of 0.02 log units), straylight on the retina (psychophysical compensation comparison method), and lens opacity (slit-lamp scoring using the Lens Opacities Classification System III [LOCS III] system) were determined. Three groups were defined: 220 pseudophakic eyes, 3,182 noncataractous eyes (average LOCS III score, <1.5), and 134 cataractous eyes (average LOCS III score, >3.0). Results Noncataractous straylight values increases strongly with age as: log(s) = constant + log(1 + (age / 65)4), doubling by the age of 65 years, and tripling by the age of 77 years. Population standard deviation around this age norm was approximately 0.10 log units. The cataract eyes (in this active driver group) had relatively mild straylight increase. In pseudophakia, straylight values may be very good, better even than in the noncataract group. Visual acuity and straylight were found to vary quite independently. Conclusions Lens extraction holds promise not only to improve on the condition of the cataract eye, but also to improve on the age-normal eye. Lens extraction potentially reverses the strong age increase in straylight value, quite independently from visual acuity.
The automobile remains an essential part of our every day lives. Yet, the automobile industry remains intertwined with major environmental problems. The industry is especially looking to address both the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. One of the leaders in this approach, AB Volvo Group, has integrated the environment as a core value of their corporation. Volvo's environmental program began in 1972 when the company declared its commitment to environmental protection during the first United Nations conference on the environment. Volvo's goal is to become known as one of the world's leading environmental automotive manufacturers. The achievement of this goal calls for a holistic view of the environment — a view that not only permeates the entire work of its organization, but also extends to the environmental impact of every phase in the life cycle of their products.
Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of catalase (Cat) was studied based on a nano-composite film consisting of amine functionalized graphene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode. Graphene was synthesized chemically by Hummers and Offeman method and then was functionalized with amino groups via chemical modification of carboxyl groups introduced on the graphene surface. The nano-composite film showed an obvious promotion of the direct electron transfer between Cat and the underlying electrode, which attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene-NH2 and AuNPs. The resultant bioelectrode retained its biocatalytic activity and offered fast and sensitive H2O2 quantification. Under the optimized experimental conditions, hydrogen peroxide was detected in the concentration range from 0.3 to 600μM with a detection limit of 50nM at S/N=3. The biosensor exhibited some advantages, such as short time respond (2s), high sensitivity (13.4μA/mM) and good reproducibility (RSD=5.8%).
An effective battery electrode material with a good capacitance and excellent conductivity is highly demanding for the hybrid capacitance deionization (HCDI) application. Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) decorated graphene composites have received significant attention, and it might improve the storage space and the conductivity of the electrode material. Herein, we used bimetallic silver (Ag) - copper (Cu) decorated graphene (ACG) nanocomposite as the anode electrode material for the HCDI application and studied its deionization performance. Also, the HCDI performance of the ACG has been compared with monometallic Cu-doped graphene (CG) and Ag-doped graphene (AG) nanocomposites. Both the bimetallic and monometallic nanocomposites have been generated by a facile thermal treatment method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the existence of Cu and Ag nanoparticle in the graphene nanostructure with the +2 and 0 oxidation states respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis displays the uniform distribution of nanoparticles with both phases of Cu and Ag on the graphene sheets and the size of around 20–60 nm. Electrochemical measurements showed that the ACG exhibits the good specific capacitance of 128 Fg−1 as compared to monometallic AG and CG composites of 118 Fg−1 and 101 Fg−1 respectively. Furthermore, the HCDI measurements reveal that the ACG nanocomposite electrode showed the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 16.81 mg g−1 with initial salt concentration of 600 ppm, and the applied voltage of 1.2 V. Besides, the ACG based HCDI cell possessed the charge efficiency of 90% and the energy consumption of 88 kJ mol−1 at 1.2 V. Also, the ACG nanocomposite electrode showed good stability regeneration ability over 10 charge− discharge cycles. The present study introduced the developed bimetallic graphene composite electrodes as effective electrodes for HCDI technology.
We present an ab initio study of sodium storage mechanism in disodium terephthalate (Na2TP) which is a very promising anode material for organic sodium (Na)-ion batteries with reported experimental capacities of ∼255 mAh g−1, previously attributed to Na attachment to the two carboxylate groups (coordinating to oxygen atoms). We show here that the inserted Na atoms prefer to bind at carboxylate sites at low Na concentrations and are dominant for insertion of up to one Na atom per molecule; for higher Na concentrations, the hexagonal sites (on the aromatic ring) become dominant. We confirm that the Na2TP crystal can store a maximum of two Na atoms per molecule, as observed in experiments. Our current results are intriguing as we reveal that the Na binding at carboxylate sites contributes to the initial part of Na2TP sodiation curve and the Na binding at hexagonal sites contributes to the second part of the curve. The inserted Na atoms donate electrons to empty states in the conduction band. Moreover, we show that the Na diffusion barriers in clean Na2TP can be as low as 0.23 eV. We also show that there is significant difference in the mechanism of Na interaction between individual molecules and the crystal.
Silicon–carbon–nitrogen material (SiCN) is pyrolyzed from polysilylethylenediamine (PSEDA) derivation, followed by a heat-treating process at 1000°C in Ar atmosphere. This heat-treated SiCN material has an excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium ion batteries. Charge–discharge cycle measurements show that the heat-treated SiCN material exhibits a high first cycle discharge capacity of 829.0mAhg−1 and stays between 400 and 370mAhg−1 after 30 cycles. The discharge capacity remains above 300mAhg−1 at the high current density of 80 and 160mAg−1. These values are higher than untreated SiCN and commercial graphite anodes, which indicates that the heat-treating process improves the charge–discharge capacity, cycle stability and high-rate ability of SiCN anode. It is seemed that changes of SiCN structure, the formation of loose nano-holes on material surface and the formation of graphitic carbon phase in heat-treating process contribute to the improvement of electrochemical properties for SiCN anode.
An assessment of a bench-scale vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) undergoing an accelerated ageing has been carried out under two operation modes: a galvanostatic-charging mode, where a constant current density was always applied, and solar-panel charging mode, where different current densities were applied according to the solar radiation profiles obtained during three consecutive days in Winter, in Ciudad Real, a town in the center of Spain. The accumulated and delivered charge capacities and the different efficiencies were analyzed. The concentrations of different vanadium ions were also measured. Both modes allow reaching similar efficiencies and charge/discharge capacities but they do not affect in the same way to the accelerated degradation of the performance of the electrochemical cell. Moreover, the ratio power density/energy density was very comparable for the two operation modes tested in this work. These results indicate that VRFBs are suitable devices for the storage of the electricity produced in photovoltaic solar panels.
A life cycle analysis (LCA) on a product integrated polymer solar module is carried out in this study. These assessments are well-known to be useful in developmental stages of a product in order to identify the bottlenecks for the up-scaling in its production phase for several aspects spanning from economics through design to functionality. An LCA study was performed to quantify the energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity use in the manufacture of a light-weight lamp based on a plastic foil, a lithium-polymer battery, a polymer solar cell, printed circuitry, blocking diode, switch and a white light emitting semiconductor diode. The polymer solar cell employed in this prototype presents a power conversion efficiency in the range of 2 to 3% yielding energy payback times (EPBT) in the range of 1.3–2 years. Based on this it is worthwhile to undertake a life-cycle study on the complete product integrated polymer solar cell. We have compared this portable lighting system with other lighting solutions, namely: a kerosene lamp in a remote rural area in Africa (Ethiopia), as a replacement of a silicon PV based lamp, in place of a torch with non-rechargeable lead-acid battery and instead of a battery charging station. The analysis reveals that the OPV lamp has a significant advantage provided that some of the challenges facing this novel technology are efficiently met such that it can enter the market of portable lighting devices.
The study evaluated the environmental performances of an integrated material recovery facility (MRF) able to treat 32kt/y of unsorted mixed waste, made of residuals from household source separation and separate collection. The facility includes a mechanical sorting platform for the production of a solid recovered fuel (SRF) utilized in an external waste-to-energy plant, bio-cells for tunnel composting of organic fraction, and a sanitary landfill for the safe disposal of ultimate waste. All the MRF sub-units have been analysed in depth in order to acquire reliable data for a life cycle assessment study, focused on the environmental performances of different configurations of the facility. The study investigated a “past” configuration, including just mechanical sorting, landfilling and biogas combustion in a gas engine, and the “present” one, which includes also a composting unit. Two possible “future” configurations, having a gasifier inside the MRF battery limits, have been also analysed, assessing the performances of two fluidized bed reactors of different size, able to gasify only the residues generated by the sorting platform or the whole amount of produced SRF, respectively. The analysis evaluated the contributions of each unit in the different configurations and allowed a reliable assessment of the technological evolution of the facility. The results quantified the positive effect of the inclusion of an aerobic treatment of the waste organic fraction. The SRF gasification in situ appears to improve the MRF environmental performances in all the impact categories, with the exclusion of that of global warming.
Background Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor disorder of unclear etiology that severely interferes with a child's ability to perform daily motor tasks. As a useful alternative to a time-consuming motor test and specialist evaluation, parents or teachers can complete motor questionnaires. A tool used worldwide to screen motor performance in 4- to 14-year-old children is the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07). Aims To describe how we translated the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) and adapted it to the Italian population and to test its preliminary psychometric properties in Italian children. Methods Parents of a clinical group of 26 children (5–11 years old) with a diagnosis of DCD and 52 matched controls completed the DCDQ translated into Italian and adapted for cross-cultural purposes according to current guidelines. Twenty-four parents of typically developing children randomly selected completed the questionnaire twice to examine test–retest reliability. Results The internal consistency value (Cronbach alpha) for the Italian DCDQ was 0.94. The Italian DCDQ achieved moderate-to-high test–retest reliability (ICC) for 14/15 items and a good diagnostic performance for identifying children with DCD (sensitivity 88% and specificity 96%). Conclusions The Italian DCDQ is a valid screening tool for assessing motor performance in 5- to 11-year-old children that merits research in a larger sample.