batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphatase to glucose, the final step in the gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways. Expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene is induced by glucocorticoids and elevated levels of intracellular cAMP. The effect of cAMP in regulating glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription was corroborated by the identification of two genetic motifs CRE1 and CRE2 in the human and murine glucose-6-phosphatase gene promoter that resemble cAMP response elements (CRE).
A catalyst surface for the electrochemical oxidation of water at neutral pH is prepared by carrying out the atomic layer deposition of Fe2O3 from ferrocene and ozone onto a substrate. A flat reference substrate is compared with well-defined nanostructures created by anodization. Anodized aluminum serves as a template with ordered, parallel cylindrical nanopores, so that after atomic layer deposition of iron oxide the electrode features an enhanced surface area. Because the geometric parameters of the pores are accurately tunable, their effect on the electrocatalytic current can be studied systematically. We show that when the pore diameter increases, all other parameters being kept constant, the electrochemical current density increases linearly with the specific surface area of the sample. Thus, this work demonstrates the suitability of the preparative procedure for creating well-defined model structures that allow for the systematic investigation of mass transport effects in solution in the vicinity of nanostructured electrodes.
Food contact substances (FCS) include polymers, paper and paperboard, and substances used in their manufacture, that do not impart a technical effect on food. Moreover, FCSs are industrial chemicals generally consumed at dietary concentrations (DC) of less than 1mg/kg food (ppm), and more commonly at less than 0.05ppm (50ppb), in the daily diet. As such, many industrial chemicals have been analyzed for toxicological concern, some of which may share structural similarity with FCSs or their constituents, and the majority of these studies are available in the public domain. The DCs of these compounds lend themselves to using structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis, as the available “expert systems” and use of analogs allows for prediction and management of potential carcinogens. This paper describes the newly implemented food contact notification (FCN) program, the program by which FDA reviews FCSs for safe use, the administrative review of FCSs, the SAR tools available to FDA, and qualitative and quantitative risk assessments using SAR analysis within the regulatory framework of reviewing the safety of FCSs.
Energy as a service, smart home opportunities and electrification of heat and transport can lead to new ways of switching supplier or choosing new energy contracts. Here, we used business model collaboration workshops to create archetypes of new utility business models, which were then tested with a representative sample of British energy consumers to explore their attractiveness to different segments of society. We show that some of these segments have a substantial appetite for new business models. However, the segments that choose these models are more likely to be affluent, educated homeowners. Without intervention, innovation in utility business models risks exacerbating existing social inequalities, as lower incomes, lower home ownership and low education result in lower preferences for, or no ability to engage with, new utility business models. We also find that institutional trust beyond the energy sector is a key driver of consumer segmentation.
Li- and Na-transition metal fluorosulfate materials (AFeSO4F, A=Li, Na) are proposed as highly promising novel cathode materials for Li- and Na-ion batteries. In this study, the electrochemical performance and elastic properties of AFe1-x M x SO4F (A=Li, Na; M=Co, Ni, Mg; x =0, 0.5, 1) are investigated from the view of first-principles calculations. The computational results reveal that the substitutions of Fe by Ni, Co and Mg enhance the intercalation voltage of the fluorosulphate materials. The density of states analysis shows that transition metal-doping AFeSO4F, especially for Ni doping case, could achieve better electronic conductivity in comparison with the pure phase and Mg-doped AFeSO4F. Further bader charges calculations give a confirmation that the Fe and Co in AFe0.5Co0.5SO4F play significant role in the charge transfer during delithiated or desodiated progresses, but the relatively inert character of Ni and Mg is discovered in AFe0.5Ni0.5SO4F and AFe0.5Mg0.5SO4F. LiFeSO4F and NaFeSO4F are found to be ductile from the exploration of elastic constants, whereas their delithiated and desodiated configurations have brittle character. In addition, Young’s Modulus (E), and Poisson's Ratio (ν) for LiFeSO4F, NaFeSO4F and 50% metal-doped AFe1-x M x SO4F (A=Li, Na; M=Co, Ni, Mg) are also presented to explore the hardness, bond characteristic and stability against shear.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of all or part of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and is the most common genetic cause of significant intellectual disability. In addition to intellectual disability, many other health problems, such as congenital heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, leukemia, hypotonia, motor disorders, and various physical anomalies occur at an elevated frequency in people with DS. On the other hand, people with DS seem to be at a decreased risk of certain cancers and perhaps of atherosclerosis. There is wide variability in the phenotypes associated with DS. Although ultimately the phenotypes of DS must be due to trisomy of HSA21, the genetic mechanisms by which the phenotypes arise are not understood. The recent recognition that there are many genetically active elements that do not encode proteins makes the situation more complex. Additional complexity may exist due to possible epigenetic changes that may act differently in DS. Numerous mouse models with features reminiscent of those seen in individuals with DS have been produced and studied in some depth, and these have added considerable insight into possible genetic mechanisms behind some of the phenotypes. These mouse models allow experimental approaches, including attempts at therapy, that are not possible in humans. Progress in understanding the genetic mechanisms by which trisomy of HSA21 leads to DS is the subject of this review.
Fully integrated ultrathin, transparent and foldable energy storage devices are essential for the development of smart wearable electronics, yet typical supercapacitor electrodes are substrate-supported which limits their thickness, transparency and mechanical properties. Employing freestanding transparent electrodes with no substrate support could bring ultrathin, foldable and designable supercapacitors closer to reality. Herein, we report a freestanding, ultrathin (<5 μm), highly conductive (3 × 104 S cm−1), highly transparent (>84% transmittance) and foldable metallic network electrode, loaded with MnO2 by electrochemical deposition, as a supercapacitor electrode. The freestanding metallic network electrode is fabricated via a simple and low-cost laser direct-writing micro-patterning technique followed by a selective electrodeposition process, where the metallic network patterns, network periods, metal thickness and also the electrode film patterns can be designed for different applications. The obtained freestanding MnO2@Ni network electrode delivers an outstanding areal capacitance of 80.7 mF cm−2 and long-term performance stability (96.3% after 10000 cycles). Moreover, the symmetric solid-state supercapacitors employing the freestanding MnO2@Ni network electrode not only show high areal capacitance as well as high optical transparency (>80% transmittance), but also can be tailored, attached, folded, rolled up, and crumpled into any object or various shapes with only slight performance degradation. The advent of such freestanding transparent metallic network electrodes may open up a new avenue for realizing fully integrated ultrathin, foldable and designable supercapacitors towards self-powered wearable electronics.
The phospholipidomic signatures of human blood microparticles and platelets, evaluated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization—mass spectrometry, were compared. The phospholipidome of platelet-derived microparticles, obtained by platelets stimulation with a mixture of Ca(II), thrombin and collagen, was also considered for the comparison. Platelets, blood microparticles and platelet-derived microparticles displayed qualitatively similar phospholipidomes, all based on eight major phospholipid classes, namely: phosphatidylcholines, diacyl- and plasme(a)nyl-phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, sphingomyelins and lyso forms of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. However, while the phospholipidomes of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles were found to be generally similar also from a quantitative point of view, a higher relative incidence of species bearing polyunsaturated side chains, especially in phospholipid classes sharing the choline head (i.e. phosphatidylcholines and lyso-phosphatidylcholines), was observed in the case of blood microparticles. As a further peculiar feature, never reported before, the relative abundance of lyso-phosphatidylcholines among the eight identified phospholipid classes was found to be significantly higher in the lipid extracts of blood microparticles.
The suppression of the recombination of electrons and holes (e–h) and the enhancement of the light absorption of semiconductors are two key points toward efficient photocatalytic degradation. Here, we report a few-layer g-C3N4/α-MoO3 nanoneedles (flg-C3N4/α-MoO3 NNs) all-solid-state Z-scheme mechanism photocatalyst synthesized via a typical hydrothermal method in a controlled manner. The recombination of the photo-induced e–h pairs could be effectively restrained by the Z-scheme passageway between the flg-C3N4 and α-MoO3 NNs in the composite, which could also promise a high redox ability to degrade pollutants. And it became possible for the prepared photocatalyst to absorb light in a wide range of wavelengths. The detailed mechanism was studied by electron spin-resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The low-dimensional nanostructure of the two constituents (α-MoO3 NNs with one-dimensional structure and flg-C3N4 with two-dimensional structure) endowed the composite with varieties of excellent physicochemical properties, which facilitated the transfer and diffusion of the photoelectrons and increased the specific surface area and the active sites. The 10 wt% flg-C3N4/α-MoO3 NNs showed the best photocatalytic performance toward RhB degradation, the rate of which was 71.86%, ∼2.6 times higher than that of α-MoO3 NNs.
As part of a programme to develop a high power density, Al/air battery with a NaCl brine electrolyte, the high rate dissolution of an aluminium alloy containing tin and gallium was investigated in a small volume cell. The objective was to define the factors that limit aluminium dissolution in condition that mimic a high power density battery. In a cell with a large ratio of aluminium alloy to electrolyte, over a range of current densities the extent of dissolution was limited to ∼1000Ccm−2 of anode surface by a thick layer of loosely bound, crystalline deposit on the Al alloy anode formed by precipitation from solution. This leads to a large increase in impedance and acts as a barrier to transport of ions.
Sensory processing atypicalities are frequent in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Different domains of sensory processing appear to be differentially altered in these disorders. In this study, we explored the sensory profile of two clinical cohorts, in comparison with a sample of typically developing children.
This paper studies the competitiveness and market positioning of different e-marketplace operators. The author proposes a three-stage business strategy to evolve an e-marketplace, with each stage offering more advanced services. The ideas are applied to setting up an e-marketplace for the Taiwan refrigeration/air conditioning industry implemented by the Energy Research Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Technology Research (ITRI) in Taiwan.
Aging of power-optimized commercial 2.3 Ah cylindrical LiFePO4//graphite cells to be used in hybrid electric vehicle is investigated and compared for three different aging procedures; (i) using a simulated hybrid electric vehicle cycle within a narrow SOC-range, (ii) using a constant-current cycle over a 100% SOC-range, and (iii) stored during three years at 22 °C. Postmortem analysis of the cells is performed after full-cell electrochemical characterization and discharge. EIS and capacity measurements are made on different parts of the disassembled cells. Material characterization includes SEM, EDX, HAXPES/XPS and XRD. The most remarkable result is that both cycled cells displayed highly uneven aging primarily of the graphite electrodes, showing large differences between the central parts of the jellyroll compared to the outer parts. The aging variations are identified as differences in capacity and impedance of the graphite electrode, associated with different SEI characteristics. Loss of cyclable lithium is mirrored by a varying degree of lithiation in the positive electrode and electrode slippage. The spatial variation in negative electrode degradation and utilization observed is most likely connected to gradients in temperature and pressure, that can give rise to current density and potential distributions within the jellyroll during cycling.
This study presents synthesis of novel block copolymers of thienyl end capped polysulfone and polypyrrole via chemical oxidative polymerization by iron (III) chloride. Polysulfone is synthesized from bisphenol and bis (p-chlorophenyl) sulfone in presence of potassium carbonate. Polysulfone (PSU) was reacted with 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride in order to synthesize a macromonomer containing thienyl end-group (PSU-ThC). Then copolymers of PSU-ThC and pyrrole were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using iron (III) chloride as an oxidant. The synthesized block copolymers (PSU-ThC-b-PPy) were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and the electrical conductivities were investigated with 4-point probe technique. The obtained samples were also characterized morphologically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Traditional right ventricular pacing prolongs the electrical and mechanical activation of the heart, which reduces the pump function, and in selected patients may lead to pacing-induced heart failure. Pacing the His bundle preserves the normal or near-normal activation pattern of the ventricles that prevents the detrimental effects of right ventricular pacing. This review discusses the techniques, feasibility, outcomes, and clinical impact of permanent His bundle pacing in patients with an indication for a cardiac implantable electronic device.
The tubular and layered structure of titanate nanotubes facilitate ion movement and provide a high rate capability. Moreover, expansion of the material can enhance its performance. In this study, regular titanate nanotubes and expanded titanate nanotubes were synthesized. To expand the nanotubes, dodecylamine were used under hydrothermal conditions. SEM, TEM, BET, and XRD were utilized to characterize these materials. In addition to that, electrochemical characterizations like cyclic voltammetry, rate capability, and cycle stability tests were made to understand the effect of titanate expansion on Li-ion electrode performance. After the expansion, the d-spacing increased from 8.1Å to 9.5Å and parallel to that, the specific surface area reached to 297m2 g−1 from 204m2 g−1. Cyclic voltammograms had broad peaks and suggested a pseudocapacitive character; which is common for titanate nanotubes. Sloping potential-capacity profiles also supported this character. The first discharge capacity of regular nanotubes was 823mAhg−1. However, after the expansion, it increased to 1017mAhg−1. Above all, both of the nanotubes had superior rate capabilities and stabilities due to their high aspect ratios. Moreover, dodecylamine created a protective layer on the titanate surface and enhanced the stability. Finally, it was realized that the expansion of the structure is crucial and enhances the electrode performance.
This paper introduces a mixed reality workspace that allows users to combine physical and computer-generated artifacts, and to control and simulate them within one fused world. All interactions are captured, monitored, modeled and represented with pseudo-real world physics. The objective of the presented research is to create a novel system in which the virtual and physical world would have a symbiotic relationship. In this type of system, virtual objects can impose forces on the physical world and physical world objects can impose forces on the virtual world. Virtual Bounds is an exploratory study allowing a physical probe to navigate a virtual world while observing constraints, forces, and interactions from both worlds. This scenario provides the user with the ability to create a virtual environment and to learn to operate real-life probes through its virtual terrain.
The Li-rich layered oxides show a higher discharge capacity over 250 mAh/g and have been developed into a promising positive material for lithium ion batteries. A rare earth metal oxyfluoride YOF-coated Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 composites have been synthesized by a simple wet chemical method. Crystal structure, micro-morphology and element valence of the pristine and YOF-coated Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The results indicate that all materials exhibit a typical layered structure, and are made up of small and homogenous particles ranging from 100 nm to 200 nm. In addition, YOF layer with a thickness of approximately 3–8 nm is precisely coated on the surface of the Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2. Constant current charge/discharge tests at various current densities show that the electrochemical performance of 2 wt% YOF-coated Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 has been improved significantly. 2 wt% YOF-coated Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 delivers the highest discharge capacity of 250.4 mAh/g at 20 mA/g among all the samples, and capacity retention of 87% after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 200 mA/g while that of the pristine one is only 81.6%. The superior electrochemical performance of 2wt% YOF-coated sample is ascribed to YOF coating layer, which could not only reduce side reactions between the electrode and liquid electrolyte, but also promote lithium ion migration.
The zinc–cerium redox flow battery has the highest open circuit cell voltage (E cell = 2.4 V) of all the common redox flow battery (RFB) systems being investigated. In this paper, carbon polymer composite materials based on polyvinyl ester and polyvinylidene difluoride are investigated as the negative electrode for this RFB system. Electrolyte composition, particularly on the negative side, is found to play a key role in maintaining high (∼90%) coulombic efficiencies for the different charge durations, from 10 min to 4 h, examined. Energy efficiencies >60% are obtained for temperatures in the range 45 °C–55 °C when the zinc ion concentration in the methanesulfonic acid electrolyte is 2.5 mol dm−3. No dependence of the energy efficiency on the flow velocity is found, over the range 7.5 cm s−1–13.5 cm−1.
In this paper, a new and efficient model for variables representation, named F-coding, in optimal power dispatch problems for smart electrical distribution grids is proposed. In particular, an application devoted to optimal energy dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources including ideal storage devices is here considered. Electrical energy storage systems, such as any other component that must meet an integral capacity constraint in optimal dispatch problems, have to show the same energy level at the beginning and at the end of the considered timeframe for operation. The use of zero-integral functions, such as sinusoidal functions, for the synthesis of the charge and discharge course of batteries is thus consequential. The issue is common to many other engineering problems, such as any dispatch problem where resources must be allocated within a given amount in a considered timeframe. Many authors have proposed different methods to deal with such integral constraints in the literature on smart grids management, but all of them do not seem very efficient. The paper is organized as follows. First, the state of the art on the optimal management problem is outlined with special attention to treatment of integral constraints, then the proposed new model for variables representation is described. Finally, the multiobjective optimization method and its application to the optimal dispatch problem considering different variables representations are considered.
Avian coccidiosis posts a severe threat to poultry production. In addition to commercial attenuated vaccines, other strategies to combat coccidiosis are urgently needed. Lactobacillus plantarum has been frequently used for expression of foreign proteins as an oral vaccine delivery system using traditional erythromycin resistance gene (erm). However, antibiotic selection markers were often used during protein expression and they pose a risk of transferring antibiotic resistance genes to the environment, and significantly restricting the application in field production. Therefore, a food-grade recombinant L. plantarum vaccine candidate would dramatically improve its application potential in the poultry industry.
A sulfur–acetylene black (AB) composite was synthesized by thermally treating a mixture of sublimed sulfur and AB. The sulfur–AB composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) tests. From the results, we confirmed that sulfur was well dispersed on nano-scale and embedded inside nano-pores of the acetylene black with the steric chain structure in the composite. The electrochemical performance of the composite as cathode materials was evaluated by the galvanostatic method, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The sulfur–AB composite, which can effectively confine the diffusion of dissolved polysulfides in organic electrolyte and stabilize the structure during the charge and discharge process, showed high capacity and good cycle performance. The discharge capacity of the sulfur–AB composite was maintained at 500mAh/g after 50 cycles.
Chemical pretreatments modify surface properties of graphite and hence enhance its electrochemical performance in Li-ion battery. Surface modifications ameliorate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on graphite during first cycle. An effective SEI formation is vital for reversible cycling of graphite in propylene carbonate (PC) based electrolytes, which is advantageous for low temperature applications of Li-ion batteries. For minimum surface layer thickness, the surface groups already existing on graphite were modified by chemical pretreatments. Chemically pre-reduced graphites show less irreversible charge loss, whereas chemically pre-oxidized graphites show more irreversible charge loss. Treatment of graphite by n-butyl lithium resulted in exclusively edge covered particles. This material exhibits low irreversible charge loss, good reversible cycling in PC based electrolyte, as well as homogeneous and flexible SEI. Cyclability of this material in standard electrolyte was optimized by stabilizing the surface chemical composition by use of ethylene carbonate as additive.