batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In 2007, the clinical and research profile of illusions, hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) was raised with the publication of a consensus definition of PD psychosis. Symptoms that were previously deemed benign and clinically insignificant were incorporated into a continuum of severity, leading to the rapid expansion of literature focusing on clinical aspects, mechanisms and treatment. Here, we review this literature and the evolving view of PD psychosis. Key topics include the prospective risk of dementia in individuals with PD psychosis, and the causal and modifying effects of PD medication. We discuss recent developments, including recognition of an increase in the prevalence of psychosis with disease duration, addition of new visual symptoms to the psychosis continuum, and identification of frontal executive, visual perceptual and memory dysfunction at different disease stages. In addition, we highlight novel risk factors — for example, autonomic dysfunction — that have emerged from prospective studies, structural MRI evidence of frontal, parietal, occipital and hippocampal involvement, and approval of pimavanserin for the treatment of PD psychosis. The accumulating evidence raises novel questions and directions for future research to explore the clinical management and biomarker potential of PD psychosis.
Graphene/cellulose composites were prepared and studied as potential host matrixes for sulphur impregnation and use in Li-S batteries. We demonstrate that with the proper design of a relatively low surface area graphene/cellulose composite, a high electrochemical performance along with good cyclability can be achieved. Graphene cellulose composites are built from two constituents: a two-dimensional electronic conductive graphene and cellulose fibres as a structural frame; together they form a laminar type of pore. The graphene sheets that uniformly anchor sulphur molecules provide confinement ability for polysulphides, sufficient space to accommodate sulphur volumetric expansion, a large contact area with the sulphur and a short transport pathway for both electrons and lithium ions. Nano-cellulose prevents the opening of graphene sheets due to the volume expansion caused by dissolved polysulphides during battery operation. This, in turn, prevents the diffusion of lithium polysulphides into the electrolyte, enabling a long cycle life.
We performed an extensive study on Nafion 117 membrane imbibed with various concentrations of aqueous ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), and vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4), in 2 M H2SO4 over the temperature range of 20–100 °C, using 1H NMR and AC Impedance spectroscopies. The objective was to determine the effect of the tetravalent (VO2+) and pentavalent (VO2 +) vanadium ions on the proton transport of Nafion 117.1H NMR chemical shift and linewidth data show greater short-range proton transport for the VO2 + imbibed membranes compared with the VO2+. However, the local environments seem to differ in that while the data for VO2 + imbibed membranes seem to follow more the trends observed for water hydrated Nafion 117, those for the VO2+ followed the trend of its aqueous bulk vanadium solvents, indicating that viscosity plays a larger role for the VO2+ imbibed membranes compared to the VO2 +.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of senile dementia, is associated with neurodegeneration. The development of Alzheimer’s disease is related to abnormalities of cell cycle regulation. Preliminary work showed that a novel gene, CAC1, was highly expressed in tumors and had an oncogene-like function related to cell cycle regulation. The pathogenesis of AD is still incompletely understood. In this study, we measured the expression level of CAC1 in the hippocampus of AD patients to explore the involvement of CAC1 in the development of AD. Our findings showed that the expression level of CAC1 in the hippocampus of AD patients was significantly lower than that of normal controls. The reduction of CAC1 expression did not affect tau/p-tau-396, amyloid precursor protein or apolipoprotein E4 in the in vitro model. A reduction of cyclin E was detected after a CAC1-knockdown. Interestingly, we found that the knockdown of CAC1 by RNAi led to an increase in oxidative stress and the level of p53 protein in SHSY-5Y cells. The expression of CAC1 in SHSY-5Y cells protected the cells from apoptosis induced by Aβ toxicity or oxidative stress. These results established that CAC1 is an important factor for the protection of cells against Aβ toxicity and oxidative stress.
Efficiency and durability are becoming two key issues for the energy storage system in electric vehicles together with their associated power management strategies. In this paper, we present a procedure for the design of a near-optimal power management strategy for the hybrid battery and ultracapacitor energy storage system (HESS) in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The design procedure starts by defining a cost function to minimize the electricity consumption of the HESS and to optimize the operating behavior of the battery. To determine the optimal control actions and power distribution between two power sources, a dynamic programming (DP)-based novel analysis method is proposed, and the optimization framework is presented accordingly. Through analysis of the DP control actions under different battery state-of-health (SoH) conditions, near-optimal rules are extracted. A rule based power management is proposed based on the abstracted rules and simulation results indicate that the new control strategy can improve system efficiency under different SoH and different SoC conditions. Ultimately, the performance of proposed strategy is further verified under different types of driving cycles including the MANHATTAN cycle, 1015 6PRIUS cycle and UDDSHDV cycle.
The newly developed conductive carbon blacks C-NERGY™ Super C65 and C-NERGY™ Super C45 were studied with regard to their performance as conductive additives in positive lithium ion battery electrodes and compared to other reference conductive carbon blacks. The lowest electrical volume resistivity and highest compressibility were found for C-NERGY™ Super C45 dry-mixed with LiCoO2 powder. Mixing by high shear forces in acetone dispersion improved the electrical resistivity and compressibility of the C-NERGY™ Super C65 containing LiCoO2 mixture to the same level obtained for the C-NERGY™ Super C45 mixture in the same process. Acetone dispersions of C-NERGY™ Super C45 and LiCoO2 showed the lowest viscosities attributed to the carbon black's specific BET surface area of 45m2 g−1 being the lowest of all carbon blacks studied. The easy dispersibility of C-NERGY™ Super C45 in LiCoO2 could be explained by its particular surface group chemistry characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The electrical volume resistivity of the LiCoO2/carbon black mixtures was in line with the high current rate performance of half-cells with related LiCoO2 electrodes. Compared to the investigated carbon blacks, the electrical volume resistivity of the graphite conductive additives C-NERGY™ KS6L and C-NERGY™ SFG6L at different concentrations in LiCoO2 powders showed higher critical volume fractions but lower ultimate resistivity levels. Adding one of these graphites to the carbon black conductive mass improved the electrode density and, at concentrations above the critical volume fraction of the graphite component, significantly decreased the ultimate resistivity level of the LiCoO2 electrode mass.
Macrophages persist indefinitely at sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) and contribute to both pathological and reparative processes. While the alternative, anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype is believed to promote cell protection, regeneration, and plasticity, pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages persist after SCI and contribute to protracted cell and tissue loss. Thus, identifying non-invasive, clinically viable, pharmacological therapies for altering macrophage phenotype is a challenging, yet promising, approach for treating SCI. Azithromycin (AZM), a commonly used macrolide antibiotic, drives anti-inflammatory macrophage activation in rodent models of inflammation and in humans with cystic fibrosis.
In this paper, a series of Na2−2xBaxLi2Ti6O14 (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) samples are prepared simply by a solid state reaction method, and among them, NaBa0.5Li2Ti6O14 (x=0.5) exhibits the smallest particle size and best electrochemical properties. According to the electrochemical results, the initial charge specific capacity of NaBa0.5Li2Ti6O14 (x=0.5) reaches 109.6mAhg−1 at the current density of 50mAg−1, which is much higher than other samples. The reversible capacity can still be held at 108.6mAhg−1 after 50cycles. In addition, NaBa0.5Li2Ti6O14 (x=0.5) also displays outstanding rate property with high charge specific capacities of 128.8, 117.7, 110, 100.2, 98.1mAhg−1 at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500mAg−1, respectively. Our results suggest that the smaller particle size, decreased electrochemical resistance and improved ionic conductivity of Na2Li2Ti6O14 after Ba doping are main contributing factors in enhancing the lithium storage capability, and among them, NaBa0.5Li2Ti6O14 (x=0.5) is a potential anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
The chapter is essentially about energy conservation, the building envelope and its various components and systems, intelligent energy management systems, mechanical systems and types, electrical and lighting systems (interior and exterior), solar energy systems (active and passive), and fire suppression systems. It also gives an overview of the new LEED® V3 Rating system (including points allocation), particularly as it applies to the energy and atmosphere category and explains some of the new requirements to achieve LEED credits in this category. Diagrams and details are used to illustrate many of the systems and building components. An explanation of amps, volts, and watts is given as well as an overview of common electrical components, aluminum wiring, harmonics, as well as the components and types of solar electric systems. Likewise, the increasingly pivotal role fire protection systems play in overall building design and construction is clearly presented and the various systems and methods used are analyzed and explained. Relevant codes and standards are given at the end of the chapter. Keywords: Energy and atmosphere; LEED® EA prerequisites; building envelope; exterior wall systems; intelligent energy management systems; intelligent building; mechanical systems; refrigerants; HVAC systems; heat pump; air-conditioning systems; ASHRAE; MERV rating; lighting systems; electrical components; transformer; harmonics; solar energy; tax credits; fire suppression systems; sprinkler systems; exit routes; alarm systems; fiber optics
Composite consisting of nanosized silicon, Li4SiO4 and other lithium-rich components was synthesized using high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) method. The reactive milling of SiO with lithium metal resulted in the oxidation of lithium and silicon, and reduction of SiO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) were used to determine the phases present in the composite. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), along with constant current discharge/charge tests, was used to characterize the electrochemical properties of the resultant material. Compared with pure SiO and pure silicon as anode materials, the as-prepared composite demonstrated larger capacity and superior cyclability even at high C-rate.
Emerging self-regulation skills were assessed in 407 low-income African American and Latino (primarily Mexican-origin) preschoolers. A battery of self-regulation tasks was administered when children were 2½ years old and again approximately 1 year later. Confirmatory factor analyses supported four components of self-regulation: inhibitory control, complex response inhibition, set shifting, and working memory. Complex response inhibition was too rare a skill in this sample to be detected reliably from measures collected at 2½ years of age, but it emerged from measures collected at 3½ years. In addition, significant ethnic differences were found in that African American children scored better on measures of complex response inhibition and set shifting, whereas Latino children scored better on measures of inhibitory control and working memory. Implications of study findings for measuring self-regulation in low-income ethnic diverse populations of young children, as well as for developing interventions to enhance self-regulation development, are discussed.
Nickel powder (10% in weight) randomly dispersed in a graphite (40%) + polypropylene (50%) matrix was studied as a composite electrode in a sulphuric-sulphate acid medium by means of voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Under voltammetric conditions, this thermoplastic material shows an electrochemical behaviour similar to nickel metal. However, under EIS measurement conditions the electrodissolution behaviour of the nickel powder is partially limited by the diffusion of the anions in the electrolyte in order to electroneutralize the excess of electrogenerated positive charge. The low frequency range of the measured impedance spectra can be interpreted as a parallel arrangement of a capacitive and a Warburg impedance, instead of a CPE element initially considered in the fitting. Values for CPE exponents lower than 0.85 are interpreted as a competition between a capacitive/transport contribution to the overall impedance response.
Human activities generate waste and the amounts tend to increase as the demand for quality of life increases. Today’s rate in the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEANs) is alarming, posing a challenge to governments regarding environmental pollution in the recent years. The expectation is that eventually waste treatment and waste prevention approaches will develop towards sustainable waste management solutions. This expectation is for instance reflected in the term ‘zero emission systems’. The concept of zero emissions can be applied successfully with today’s technical possibilities in the agro-based processing industry. First, the state-of-the-art of waste management in Southeast Asian countries will be outlined in this paper, followed by waste generation rates, sources, and composition, as well as future trends of waste. Further on, solutions for solid waste management will be reviewed in the discussions of sustainable waste management. The paper emphasizes the concept of waste prevention through utilization of all wastes as process inputs, leading to the possibility of creating an ecosystem in a loop of materials. Also, a case study, focusing on the citrus processing industry, is displayed to illustrate the application of the aggregated material input–output model in a widespread processing industry in ASEAN. The model can be shown as a closed cluster, which permits an identification of opportunities for reducing environmental impacts at the process level in the food processing industry. Throughout the discussion in this paper, the utilization of renewable energy and economic aspects are considered to adapt to environmental and economic issues and the aim of eco-efficiency. Additionally, the opportunities and constraints of waste management will be discussed.
Per capita energy consumption is high in urban locations of any country. In this context, this article explores the deployment of standalone photovoltaic (PV) water pumping units in every household of a sustainable city. The various photovoltaic water pumping schemes and the domestic pumping requirements of a city in India are given in this paper. The peak shaving of load and reduction in line losses due to PV pump deployment on a secondary distribution transformer in a residential locality of the same city is investigated to bring out the advantages of the above policy initiative. The need for a legislation to install PV water pumps is thus brought out in this paper.
The shuttle effect of polysulfides and slow redox reductions in electrochemical processes seriously reduce sulfur utilization, leading to serious performance decay. We prepare a freestanding porous VN nanowires interlayer for lithium sulfur batteries, which can act as a polysulfide immobilizer and electrocatalyst in Lithium sulfur batteries. Furthermore, The VN nanowires interlayer enhances conduction of electrons and Li ions which can enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium sulfur batteries. With above-mentioned merits, the lithium sulfur batteries with VN nanowires interlayer delivers reversible capacity of 878mAhg−1 at 0.5C after 300cycles. This work offers a facile method to promote the pace of lithium sulfur batteries practical applications.
Systematic studies of CuS as a cathode material for a Lithium rechargeable battery are performed in 1M LiPF6/EC-2EMC electrolyte. CuS undergoes a two-step reaction during the first discharge to 1.5V with a capacity of 530mAh−1 g. The voltage profile and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the discharge reactions show the formation of Li X CuS during the first voltage plateau, and Cu1.96S, Li2S and metallic Cu during the second voltage plateau. The second plateau reactions are highly irreversible with partial dissolution of Li2S in the electrolyte which causes poor cycleability. The cycleability can be much improved by limiting the potential window between 2.6 and 1.8V. The capacity is maintained of more than 70% of the initial value over 60 cycles with a cycle efficiency of 99%.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advances made in the acoustic, archival, and satellite tagging of tunas. The ultrasonic frequencies are generated by driving an annular ceramic transducer at its resonant frequency and the frequency of the signal transmitted is determined by the transducer diameter. The development of multidirectional hydrophone arrays coupled with independent acoustic receivers and computers has improved the estimation of the direction and range of fish relative to the tracking vessel used. All tracking data suggest that yellowfin, in coastal and open ocean habitats, are primarily the inhabitants of the mixed layer. In many cases, the objective of tracking has been to understand the behavior of yellowfin around fish aggregating devices and topographic features. The fish have shown very close associations with FADS and other topographic features, such as sea mounts and continental shelf edges, and there has been clear diurnal variation in their position relative to these features and their depth preferences. Direct observation of the internal muscle temperatures of the Pacific bluefin tuna revealed a relatively constant muscle temperature, ranging from 23–26°C.
Purely organic-derived nitroxide radicals, including their polymer derivative, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA), were characterized as a new class of cathode-active materials for lithium batteries. PTMA was stable at ambient conditions, had a tunable solubility and processability, and could undergo thermal runaway without any odor and ash. The nitroxide radicals displayed a reversible and very rapid redox to form their oxoammonium salts, which enabled a high power-rate performance during the charge and discharge process of the battery.
China is the world's largest energy consumer and is also leading in the solar photovoltaic industry. The solar energy industry, with advantageous clean and highly efficient production, is integral in maintaining the sustainable energy supply in an environmentally sensitive manner. Further development of the Chinese photovoltaic industry requires a status assessment for the current industrial setting. An analysis on the 58 Chinese photovoltaic listed enterprises is conducted in this study to analyze the operating performance, industry agglomeration and spatial characteristics of Chinese photovoltaic industry. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the enterprises’ operating performance are based on financial data by utilizing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method; Systematic analysis examines spatial characteristics through the application of the spatial autocorrelation analysis method. Results confirm the Chinese photovoltaic industry preliminarily appeared industry agglomeration with enterprises mainly distributed in east and north China, and gathered in developed coastal provinces. Superior performing photovoltaic enterprises are specifically located in north China. Most of the enterprises are in the up-stream or mid-stream of the photovoltaic industrial chain. Overall operating performance of the photovoltaic industry in China suffers from weak profits due to low technical efficiency. The key to improve the future development of these enterprises is the improvement of operating performance by strengthening technical efficiencies. Concurrently, governmental guidance should address profitable photovoltaic industry investments and improvement of production rates.
In this paper, we demonstrate the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with FeF3 nanoparticles (FeF3NPs) by adding FeF3 aqueous solution to the rGO ethanol/water dispersion. The obtained FeF3/rGO nanocomposite is further tested as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries and found to have high discharge capacities, good rate capabilities and cycling performance. It can deliver a high discharge capacity of 476mAhg−1 at a current density of 50mAg−1 in the voltage range 1.0–4.5V. It still delivers a discharge capacity of 146mAhg−1 with 81% capacity retention after 50 charge–discharge cycles under a current density of 1000mAg−1 in the voltage range 1.7–4.5V.
Physical activity (PA) is an important outcome in lung cancer; however, there is lack of consensus as to the best method for assessment. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a commonly used questionnaire. The aim of this study was to assess the clinimetric properties of the PASE in lung cancer, specifically validity, predictive utility and clinical applicability (floor/ceiling effects, responsiveness and minimal important difference [MID]).
Lithium-ion pouch cells with lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) anode and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, NCA) cathode were investigated experimentally with respect to their electrical (0.1C…4C), thermal (5 °C…50 °C) and long-time cycling behavior. The 16 Ah cell exhibits an asymmetric charge/discharge behavior which leads to a strong capacity-rate effect, as well as a significantly temperature-dependent capacity (0.37 Ah ∙ K−1) which expresses as additional high-temperature feature in the differential voltage plot. The cell was cycled for 10,000 cycles inbetween the nominal voltage limits (1.7–2.7 V) with a symmetric 4C constant-current charge/discharge protocol, corresponding to approx. 3400 equivalent full cycles. A small (0.192 mΩ/1000 cycles) but continuous increase of internal resistance was observed. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), this could be identified to be caused by the NCA cathode, while the LTO anode showed only minor changes during cycling. The temperature-corrected capacity during 4C cycling exhibited a decrease of 1.28%/1000 cycles. The 1C discharge capacity faded by only 4.0% for CC discharge and 2.3% for CCCV discharge after 10,000 cycles. The cell thus exhibits very good internal-resistance stability and excellent capacity retention even under harsh (4C continuous) cycling, demonstrating the excellent stability of LTO as anode material.
The 'Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life – Direct Weighting' (SEIQoL-DW) is an instrument developed to measure individual quality of life. Although this instrument has been used in numerous studies, data on validity and reliability are sparse. This study aimed to examine aspects of validity, reliability and responsiveness of the SEIQoL-DW on data obtained in adults with congenital heart disease, by using the new standards of psychological testing.