batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In-network processing presents a critical challenge for data authentication in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Current schemes relying on Message Authentication Code (MAC) cannot provide natural support for this operation since even a slight modification to the data invalidates the MAC. Although some recent works propose using privacy homomorphism to support in-network processing, they can only work for some specific query-based aggregation functions, e.g. SUM, average, etc. In this paper, based on digital watermarking, we propose an end-to-end, statistical approach for data authentication that provides inherent support for in-network processing. In this scheme, authentication information is modulated as watermark and superposed on the sensory data at the sensor nodes. The watermarked data can be aggregated by the intermediate nodes without incurring any en route checking. Upon reception of the sensory data, the data sink is able to authenticate the data by validating the watermark, thereby detecting whether the data has been illegitimately altered. In this way, the aggregation–survivable authentication information is only added at the sources and checked by the data sink, without any involvement of intermediate nodes. Furthermore, the simple operation of watermark embedding and complex operation of watermark detection provide a natural solution of function partitioning between the resource limited sensor nodes and the resource abundant data sink. In addition, the watermark can be embedded in both spatial and temporal domains to provide the flexibility between the detection time and detection granularity. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can successfully authenticate the sensory data with high confidence.
Novel supramolecular type solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by self-assembly of diborylated ionic liquid in the presence of bifunctional ligands. The polymers obtained were well soluble in methanol, and their structures were supported by 1H and 11B NMR spectra. The ionic conductivity of the polymers was evaluated by ac-impedance method after the samples were dried thoroughly. The ionic conductivity observed was 8.8×10−6 to 5.4×10−6 Scm−1 at 51°C in the presence of equimolar amount of LiTFSA to ionic liquid unit. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was successfully fitted to VFT (Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman) plots, indicating that ionic conduction is taking place according to typical ion transport model in viscous matrix.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is an acquired form of focal epilepsy, in which patients not only suffer from unprovoked, devastating seizures, but also from severe comorbidities, such as cognitive dysfunction. Correspondingly, several animal models of TLE exhibit memory dysfunction, especially spatial memory. The Morris water maze test is the most commonly used test for assessing spatial learning and memory in rodents. However, high stress and poor swimming abilities are common confounders and may contribute to misinterpretation. Particularly epileptic mice show altered behaviour during the test as they fail to understand the paradigm context. In the Barnes maze test, a dry-land maze test for spatial learning and memory that uses milder aversive stimuli, these drawbacks have not yet been reported. In the present study, we use this task to evaluate spatial learning and memory in the intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model of TLE. We demonstrate that the epileptic mice understand the Barnes maze paradigm context, as they learn the location of the escape-chamber by using a serial search strategy but fail to develop the more efficient spatial search strategy. Our data indicate that the Barnes maze may be a better alternative to the Morris water maze for assessing search strategies and impairment of learning and memory in epileptic mice.
High performance Sr0.95M0.05Li2Ti6O14 (M3+ = Y3+, Cr3+, La3+) are prepared and evaluated as lithium storage anodes for rechargeable batteries via strontium atoms substituting by heteroatoms. The phase structure and morphology of the as-prepared products are systematically studied by various analytical methods. It demonstrates that Y3+, Cr3+ and La3+ are successfully introduced into the Sr-site of SrLi2Ti6O14 without changing its morphology and size. Galvanostatic discharge/charge tests and rate properties are also investigated between 5.0 and 2.0 V. Contributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity, improved lithium-ion diffusion coefficient and decreased charge-transfer resistance after La3+ doping, it is found that Sr0.95La0.05Li2Ti6O14 exhibits high reversible capacity and excellent rate capability. It can deliver an initial charge capacity of 159.54 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with the capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles. Furthermore, it can still deliver an initial capacity of 146.21 mAh g−1 at 700 mA g−1, with only 8.7% of capacity lost after 1000 cycles. In addition, its structural stability and electrochemical reversibility are also demonstrated by in-situ XRD investigation, with only 2.16% of volume expansion throughout the whole discharge and charge process.
The objective of this study is to assess the financial feasibility of setting up Rooftop Photovoltaic (RTPV) systems in Bengaluru which is in the state of Karnataka, India. The Renewable Energy Policy of the state mandates the installation of 250MW of RTPV systems by 2014, while research shows that the domestic RTPV potential in Bengaluru alone is around 560MW. To achieve this potential, the Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Limited (KREDL) and the Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission (KERC) formulated policy incentives in the form of net metering at rates of Rs. 9.56/kWh (without the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) capital subsidy) and Rs. 7.2/kWh (with MNRE capital subsidy). Techno-economic assessment of RTPV systems show that these rates lead to viable business cases for the consumers. However, due to Bangalore Electricity Supply Company׳s (BESCOM) poor finances, a cap of 75% on the capacity of any installed RTPV system based on rated load has been set for all interested parties. Unless this cap is removed, the net metering scheme can never gain momentum in Karnataka because the power generated from the RTPV system will not exceed the monthly consumption. An additional amount of Rs. 81.6 crores per annum is required to reach the 250MW target. BESCOM can tap the proposed State Clean Energy Fund (SCEF) to pay RTPV project developers. Other revenue models such as feed in tariffs (FiT) and the Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) schemes have been considered for analysis of larger RTPV systems on industrial and commercial rooftops.
One-dimensional ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanorods have been fabricated and investigated for use as a high power cathode in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. These highly crystalline nanorods, with an ordered spinel structure and diameters and lengths around 130nm and 1.2μm, respectively, were synthesized in two steps by using a hydrothermal reaction to produce β-MnO2 nanorods followed by solid-state lithiation. Electrochemical analysis showed the superior performance of nanorods as a cathode in Li-ion half cells. The specific charge and discharge capacities were found to be 120 and 116mAhg−1 at a 0.5C rate, and 114 and 111mAhg−1 at a 1C rate between 3.5 and 5.0V vs. Li+/Li. Moreover, the nanorods exhibit high power capability, maintaining capacities of 103 and 95mAhg−1 at specific currents of 732.5 and 1465mAg−1 (5 and 10C rates), respectively.
Hierarchical three-dimensional porous carbon has been prepared through facile and moderate carbonization of Enteromorpha prolifera, a sustainable biomass-based carbon source. The novel carbonization process retains the original algae cell morphology with unusual egg-shell-like structure and develops porosity. Both the Enteromorpha prolifera derived porous carbon and its polyaniline (PANI) composites, synthesized by rapid in-situ electrochemical deposition, have been fabricated into supercapacitor electrodes. Both the electrodes exhibit distinguished and long-lasting capacitance. The porous carbon and PANI composite electrode realizes initial capacitance of 622Fg−1, 3 times that of Enteromorpha prolifera derived carbon electrode (180Fg−1), and remains 87% capacitance retention rate after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at 1Ag−1 current density. The investigation demonstrates the great potential of high-performance carbon composite materials and whose energy storage device may be derived from Enteromorpha prolifera, a biomass-based sustainable carbon source as a result of a sea waste invoking great environment concerns.
Motor abnormalities have been indicated to be a core manifestation of schizophrenia and not just motor side-effects of antipsychotics. However, little is known about whether all of the complete motor function, including fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance is linked to psychotic symptoms. Therefore, this study was to investigate association between complete motor function and psychotic symptoms in young–adult schizophrenia patients who had no extrapyramidal motor symptoms, which were assessed using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale. Seventy schizophrenia patients were recruited. Fine motor function, muscle strength, and balance were assessed using The McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Given gender differences in muscle power, the correlation between muscle strength and psychotic symptoms was analyzed by gender separately. Partial correlation controlling for effects of the chlorpromazine equivalent dosage of antipsychotics was conducted. Better fine motor function was correlated with less-severe negative symptoms (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001) in the total sample. In men, better muscle strength was correlated with more severe positive symptoms and less-severe negative symptoms (r = 0.41, p = 0.008; r = − 0.55, p < 0.001). The link between motor function and psychotic symptoms may support the cerebellar and basal ganglia hypotheses of schizophrenia, proposing that diverse schizophrenia symptoms may share the same neural deficiency, that is, dysfunction of cerebellum or basal ganglia. Considering the moderate-to-strong association between muscle strength and psychotic symptoms, muscle strength might be a powerful physical predictor of psychotic progression.
The high temperature cyclic voltammetric performances of various LiMnO spinel materials were investigated. A split of the second reduction peak at x>0.5, in Li x Mn2O4, during insertion was found at temperatures higher than 70°C, which is a characteristic of Li-stoichiometric LiMnO spinel. The disproportionation dissolution of stoichiometric spinel intensified by the elevated temperature in slightly acidic electrolyte is considered responsible for the occurrence of the phenomenon. The electrochemical characteristics and dependence of the peak split on material natures, preparation temperatures, scan rates, electrolyte solvents and salts species are also presented.
Self-supported nickel-coated NiO arrays are prepared by chemical bath deposition of NiO flake arrays followed by magnetron sputtering of nickel nanoparticles. The effect of sputtering time, namely, coverage of nickel nanoparticles, on the lithium storage performance of Ni-coated NiO array electrode is investigated. It is found that the optimum sputtering time is 60s, and such electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 455, 316 and 187mAhg−1 at a current density of 2, 4 and 7.18Ag−1, respectively, higher than the bare NiO array electrode. The deposited nickel nanoparticles keep the NiO active particles electrically connected and thus improve the electronic conductivity, and also stabilize the flake microstructure during cycling, resulting in the increase in reversible capacity and rate capability. The Ni-coated NiO array electrode, however, is still suffered from a large voltage hysteresis, indicating that the enhanced electronic conductivity is not effective on decreasing this hysteresis.
Efficiently modulating the pore size, electrochemical conductivity and metal ratio of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for improving their electrochemical catalytic activity. Herein, we develop a convenient strategy for excavating Prussian blue analogues (PBA) by using sodium sulfide (Na2S) as a delicate digger to modulate the pore size and metal ratio while maintaining the MOFs feature. A subsequent anneal at 300 °C removes cyanide groups and induces a collapse of the PBA structure that leads to an increase in the Fe valence and conductivity. These delicate excavated PBA catalysts exhibited high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a low overpotential of 261 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 38 mV dec−1, which exceeded that obtained for commercial IrO2 in alkaline solution. This work may reveal a promising new method for exploring efficient MOFs-based electrocatalysts.
A simple method was developed for evaluating the interfacial fracture toughness of coatings on substrates using circumferentially notched tensile (CNT) specimens. Mild steel cylindrical substrates of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° notch angles with electroplated nickel were tensile tested. A well defined pre-crack was introduced at the interface for the quantitative evaluation of adhesion. In situ acoustic signals and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the crack initiation and propagation. Finite element analyses were used to evaluate the critical interface energy release rate. The size of the plastic zone was determined for different notch angles to validate application of the linear elastic approach in determining the interfacial fracture toughness. The validity requirements have been proposed for this specimen, considering the yield strength of the coating and substrate, pre-crack position, notch angle and plastic zone size. The obtained interfacial fracture toughness values using CNT specimens was found to be very close to the values obtained by others using standard specimens.
The electrochemical and thermal behaviors of the spinels-LiMn2O4, LiCo1/6Mn11/6O4, LiFe1/6Mn11/6O4, and LiNi1/6Mn11/6O4 were studied using electrochemical and thermochemical techniques. The electrochemical techniques included cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge cycling of 2016 coin cells and diffusion coefficient measurements using Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique. Better capacity retention was observed for the substituted spinels (0.11% loss per cycle for LiCo1/6Mn11/6O4; 0.3% loss per cycle for LiFe1/6Mn11/6O4; and 0.2% loss per cycle for LiNi1/6Mn11/6O4) than for the lithium manganese dioxide spinel (1.6% loss per cycle for first ten cycles, 0.9% loss per cycle for 33 cycles) during 33 cycles. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed that the cobalt substituted spinel has better thermal stability than the lithium manganese oxide and other substituted spinels.
A low-cost carbon/sulfur material has been prepared using interconnected porous carbon nanorods (PCNRs) as the framework, and self-assembled graphene sheets (GS) as the coating layer. This GS@PCNRs/S sulfur cathode exhibits excellent rate capability and cycle stability. It delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 549.9mAhg−1 at 1C and keeps superior cyclability over 500 cycles with an average capacity fading rate of only 0.083% per cycle. The improved electrochemical performance is primarily attributed to the wrapped, internally porous architecture of GS@PCNRs/S, which not only can offer an excellent transport of lithium ions and electrons within the electrodes, but also can inhibit polysulfide diffusion by the external chemical and physical barrier of graphene sheets.
In recent years there has been a growing attention towards use of solar energy. The main advantages of photovoltaic (PV) systems employed for harnessing solar energy are lack of greenhouse gas emission, low maintenance costs, fewer limitations with regard to site of installation and absence of mechanical noise arising from moving parts. However, PV systems suffer from relatively low conversion efficiency. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the solar array is essential in a PV system. The nonlinear behavior of PV systems as well as variations of the maximum power point with solar irradiance level and temperature complicates the tracking of the maximum power point. A variety of MPPT methods have been proposed and implemented. This review paper introduces a classification scheme for MPPT methods based on three categories: offline, online and hybrid methods. This classification, which can provide a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation, is based on the manner in which the control signal is generated and the PV power system behavior as it approaches steady state conditions. Some of the methods from each class are simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment in order to compare their performance. Furthermore, different MPPT methods are discussed in terms of the dynamic response of the PV system to variations in temperature and irradiance, attainable efficiency, and implementation considerations.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-lanthanum oxide//poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-hexagonal boron nitride (PVH–LaO//PVH-BN) bi-layer separators are developed through a two-step blading approach. La2O3 in the PVH matrix enhances the Li+ conduction by providing extra Li+ conducting pathways owing to the Lewis acid-base interaction of La atoms with the PVH chains, leading to a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.72 and ionic conductivity of 7.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Moreover, the strong interfacial interaction between h-BN and PVH in the bi-layer separator enhances the thermal and mechanical stabilities of the separator. Batteries based on lithium iron phosphate and the bi-layer separator deliver a discharge capacity of 158 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and a rate capacity of 81 mAh g−1 at 10 C after 1500 cycles.
Application of layered nickel cobalt manganese oxide as cathode under higher potential than conventional 4.2V yields a significant improvement in energy density of lithium ion battery. However, the cathode fully charged under high potential suffers serious self-discharge, in which the interaction between the cathode and electrolyte proceeds without potential limitation. In this work, we use tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate (TMSP) as an electrolyte additive to solve this problem. A representative layered nickel cobalt manganese oxide, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, is considered. The effect of TMSP on self-discharge behavior of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is evaluated by physical and electrochemical methods. It is found that the self-discharge of charged LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 can be suppressed significantly by using TMSP. TMSP is oxidized preferentially in comparison with the standard electrolyte during initial charging process forming a protective cathode interface film, which avoids the interaction between cathode and electrolyte at any potential and thus prevents electrolyte decomposition and protects LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from structure destruction.
Polymer-derived, amorphous ceramics (PDCs) constituted from silicon, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen are promising candidates as anodes for lithium ion (Li+) batteries, having a reversible capacity of up to 800mAhg−1. These measurements of lithium capacity are extended here to cyclic stability, high C-rate performance, and composition-range. The following new results are presented: (a) materials processed at 800°C perform better than those synthesized at lower and higher temperatures, (b) materials with high oxygen content perform better than those with high nitrogen, (c) the SiCO materials are highly stable in cyclic loading, and (d) they are robust materials, capable of very high C-rates, without damage to their overall performance. Phenomenological analysis of composition dependent capacity suggests that Li is sequestered to mixed-bond tetrahedra of Si coordinated to both oxygen and carbon; it is argued that when oxygen is substituted by nitrogen the ability of these mixed bonds to bind to lithium in a reversible manner is severely diminished.
In this paper, we focus on maximizing network lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using mobile Data Collectors (DCs) without compromising on the reliability requirements. We consider a heterogeneous WSN which consists of a large number of sensor nodes, a few DCs, and a static Base Station (BS). The sensor nodes are static and are deployed uniformly in the terrain. The DCs have locomotion capabilities and their movement can be controlled. Each sensor node periodically sends sensed event packets to its nearest DC. The DCs aggregate the event packets received from the sensor nodes and send these aggregate event packets to the static BS. We address the following problem: the DCs should send the aggregate event packets to the BS with a given reliability while avoiding the hotspot regions such that the network lifetime is improved. Reliability is achieved by sending each aggregate event packet via multiple paths to the BS. The network lifetime is maximized by moving the DCs in such a way that the forwarding load is distributed among the sensor nodes. We propose both centralized and distributed approaches for finding a movement strategy of the DCs. We show via simulations that the proposed approaches achieve the required reliability and also maximize the network lifetime compared to the existing approaches.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising clean energy sources for simultaneous recycling of organic waste while harvesting electricity. The electrocatalysis of the anode is crucial for improvement of the energy conversion efficiency, power density and energy density of MFCs, which is significantly related to the microbes, electrode and electron transfer scheme between the microbes and electrode. This paper reviews and discusses electrocatalysis in MFCs, particularly addressing the recent advances in anodic electrocatalysis with direct electrochemistry of genetically modified bacteria and novel electrode materials for performance improvement, and some remaining challenges to be overcome.
Novel lithium titanate hydrate nanotubes for lithium ion batteries have been easily prepared via a hydrothermal method. This material demonstrates high energy density, outstanding rate capabilities and a very long cycle life comparable to those of supercapacitors. At a rate equivalent to a 10-min total charge/discharge, the as-prepared lithium titanate hydrate nanotubes exhibit a life of over 5000 charge/discharge cycles while still retaining up to 86.3% of its original capacity. The abilities of lithium titanate hydrate nanotubes to fully charge within minutes for thousands of times and still retain a large capacity may find promising applications in hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
The performance of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes based on N-alkyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium cations combined with different lithium salts has been used for the design of safer lithium battery systems. These mixtures of ILs, synthesized through an eco-friendly procedure route, and salts were studied and their performance was compared on the basis of anion species. The N-butyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR24FSI-LiFSI) mixture was found to exhibit superior characteristics in terms of ion transport properties even at low temperatures in combination with wide electrochemical stability, feasibility of reversibly plating lithium metal without any reduction of electrolyte and good compatibility with Li anode. These are considered to be due to good film-forming ability of the FSI anion. Conversely, lower thermal stability was also observed. Preliminary tests in lithium/lithium iron phosphate, Li/LiFePO4, half-cells using PYR24FSI-LiFSI as the electrolyte evidenced cycling performance approaching that in organic electrolytes with high capacity retention and efficiency values.