batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Evidence from clinic-based studies suggests that the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is associated with impairment in cognitive function though the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this analysis was to determine whether there is a similar association between chronic widespread pain (CWP), a cardinal feature of FMS, and impaired cognition in a community setting. Men (n =3369, 40–79years) were recruited from population registers in eight centres for participation in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). The subjects completed a pain questionnaire and pain manikin, with the presence of CWP defined using the American College of Rheumatology criteria. The cognitive functions measured were visuospatial-constructional ability and visual memory (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure [ROCF]); visual recognition (Camden Topographical Recognition Memory test [CTRM]); and psychomotor processing speed (Digit-Symbol Substitution test [DSST]). We restricted our analysis to those subjects reporting pain that satisfied the criteria for CWP and those who were pain free. Of these 1539 men [mean (SD) age 60 (11) years], 266 had CWP. All cognitive test scores declined cross-sectionally with age (P <0.05). In age-adjusted linear regressions men with CWP had a lower DSST score (β =−2.4, P <0.001) compared to pain-free subjects. After adjustment for lifestyle and health factors the association between pain status and the DSST score was attenuated but remained significant (β =−1.02, P =0.04). There was no association between CWP and the ROCF-copy, ROCF-recall or CTRM scores. CWP is associated with slower psychomotor processing speed among community-dwelling European men. Prospective studies are required to confirm this observation and explore possible mechanisms for the association.
Layered Li[Li(1−2x)/3Ni x Mn(2−x)/3]O2 materials with x=0.41, 0.35, 0.275 and 0.2 are synthesized by means of a sol–gel method. The layered structure is stabilized by a solid solution between LiNiO2 and Li2MnO3. The discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites in the Li[Li(1−2x)/3Ni x Mn(2−x)/3]O2. A Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 electrode delivers discharge capacities of 200 and 240mAhg−1 with excellent cycleability at 30 and 55°C, respectively.
In an attempt to raise the transference number of Li+ to nearly unity in a solid polymer electrolyte, block copolymer materials have been prepared in which the counterions are tethered to the polymer backbone. This immobilizes the “anion” and, in effect, renders the material a single-ion conductor. For such so-called self-doped block copolymer electrolytes (SDBCEs) Li+ transference numbers of ∼0.9 have been measured. In parallel, these materials possess significant ionic conductivity (∼10−5 Scm−1 at 35°C). Cyclic voltammetry has shown the SDBCE to be immune to electrochemical breakdown at voltages exceeding 5V.
The valence of Fe is important not only for chemical properties but also for magnetism and catalytic activity and so on. Fe substituted Li2MnO3 is known as a novel positive electrode material for high-capacity Li-ion battery. In the study of this material, high-valent (4+ or over) Fe ions were observed. In the previous studies, most of such high-valent Fe ions had been observed in the octahedral site of perovskite structure, for example, SrFeO3. However, Li2MnO3 has a rock-salt related structure. To elucidate the origin of this high-valent Fe, we observed 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of Li1 + x(Fe0.2Mn0.8)1-xO2. The Mössbauer spectra measured at 3 K contained magnetic Fe4+ and Fe5+. The area ratios of these components in the sample calcined in oxide were larger than those in the sample calcined in nitrogen. This result did not agree with the ratio of Fe sites obtained from X-ray diffraction. These high iron oxides are thought to be expressed by interaction with oxygen rather than site differences.
This paper reviews solar cell performance influenced by increased irradiance. The response of PV cell parameters to low level of concentration is analysed. Solar cell's parameters influenced by high temperature as a result of increased irradiance will be investigated. Different types of heat removal arrangement are proposed. Using computer simulation, PV cell's behaviour is analysed and presented.
The high electronegativity of fluorine suggests that fluorides may enable cathode materials for lithium–ion and sodium–ion batteries with higher voltage profiles for insertion or larger capacities for conversion. Iron has traditionally been studied as a redox center in fluorine-based cathodes, but the other metals have rarely been investigated. We demonstrate that the NaMF3 series (M =Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) offers a convenient means to compare the feasibility of the first row transition metals employed as fluorine-based cathodes for sodium–ion and lithium–ion batteries. NaFeF3 was found to be the only electrochemically active compound, which is able to undergo reversible Na+ reinsertion. This is ascribed to: (i) the chemical nature of the charged state FeF3 which is the only fluorine acceptor and chemically the most stable compound among the other MF3 and (ii) the existence of two FeF3 polymorphs with closer structural resemblance to the parent NaFeF3, which may contribute to the rigidity of the parent NaFeF3 structure during desodiation.
Current collectors are typically electrochemically inactive in lithium ion batteries. However, they might affect the whole cell performance once they are thermally treated during battery assembly procedure. The goal of this study is to investigate the heat treatment effect of Ni foam current collectors on the electrochemical performance in lithium ion batteries. Ni foams were thermally treated at different temperatures in air, and they were characterized in terms of morphology, structure and electrochemical performance in a half cell. SEM images showed that Ni foam surface became coarse with an increase of the heating temperature. Thermally treated Ni foams below 200°C had negligible capacity of about 0.025mAh, but above 300°C showed certain capacity up to 3.13mAh at 30th cycles due to the oxide layer formed by the thermal oxidation of the Ni foam. The results demonstrate that the thermal treatment of Ni foam current collector promotes the gradual oxidation on the Ni foam surface with nonnegligible capacity contribution.
Liquid metal battery (LMB) is a novel battery technology that shows great application potential in the electric energy storage system. For the utilization of battery systems, an accurate estimate of the state of charge (SOC) for LMBs is of great significance. However, there are still many challenges need to be addressed due to the relatively low voltage and flat open-circuit-voltage versus SOC curve of LMBs. In this work, a novel state and parameter co-estimator is developed to concurrently estimate the state and model parameters of a Thevenin model for LMBs. The adaptive unscented Kalman filter is employed for state estimation including the battery SOC, and the forgetting factor recursive least squares is applied for online parameter estimation, which increase the model fidelity and further enhance the accuracy and robustness of the SOC estimation. A comparison with other algorithms is made based on the experimental data from laboratory-made LMBs. The evaluation results show that the proposed co-estimator exhibits the smallest root mean square error of 0.21% and is robust to external disturbances.
The performances of rayon (RGF) and polyacrylonitrile (PGF) based graphite felts as electrodes are compared in the iron-chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB). The essential differences in structure between RGF and PGF are also characterized in this study. The results show that the RGF electrode displays excellent electrochemical performance for negative redox couple (Cr3+/Cr2+), resulting in the cell with higher charge efficiency and slower capacity decay. However, due to the high degree of graphitization and electrochemical activity for positive redox couple (Fe2+/Fe3+) in PGF, the cell using PGF has higher voltage efficiency and energy efficiency, as well as lower area surface resistance than the cell with RGF. The fundamental difference between RGF and PGF is the crystallites structure in radial direction and basal plane of the fiber. PGF with the core-rim structure has better graphitization stacked in radial direction of the fiber. Further, PGF has more defective carbons exposed in the basal planes, while the surface of RGF exhibits a higher concentration of oxygen functional groups. The role of catalysts in the ICRFB has also been studied by introducing bismuth (Bi) into RGF and PGF used as negative electrodes. The electrocatalytic activities of RGF and PGF before and after modification with Bi are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Bismuth deposition on the negative electrode is found to improve the negative reaction in ICRFB.
More than one million people in Germany live with dementia. Most of these people are cared for at home in the family setting. Supporting and caring for people with dementia is time-consuming, and family carers often have high stress levels and are at an increased risk of becoming physically and mentally ill. Medical rehabilitation (rehab) helps to relieve family carers and provide them with strategies to cope with stress. The aim of this study is to improve the sustainability of a multimodal rehab program for family carers of people with dementia. Research question: can the effects of this rehab be maintained through telephone-based aftercare groups following the rehab program?
With dramatic cost declines and performance improvements, both mini-hydropower and solar photovoltaics (PV) now serve as core options to meet the growing demand for electricity in underserved regions worldwide. We compare the net energy return on energy invested (EROI) of mini-hydropower and solar electricity using five existing mini-hydropower installations in northern Thailand with grid-connected solar PV simulations. Both assessments use a life cycle perspective to estimate the EROI. We find that distributed mini-grids with penetrations of solar PV up to 50% of annual generation can exceed the EROI of some fossil-based traditional centralized grid systems. The analysis will help planners and engineers optimize mini-grids for energy payback and utilize local resources in their design. The results suggest higher EROI ratios for mini-hydropower plants than solar PV, though mini-hydropower plants typically yield lower EROI ratios than their large-scale hydropower counterparts.
This paper deals with an optimal battery energy storage capacity for the smart grid operation. Distributed renewable generator and conventional thermal generator are considered as the power generation sources for the smart grid. Usually, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to satisfy the transmission constraints but installation cost of battery energy storage is very high. Sometimes, it is not possible to install a large capacity of the BESS. On the other hand, the competition of the electricity market has been increased due to the deregulation and liberalization of the power market. Therefore, the power companies are required to reduce the generation cost in order to maximize the profit. In this paper, a thermal units commitment program considers the demand response system to satisfy the transmission constraints. The BESS capacity can be reduced by the demand response system. The electric vehicle (EV) and heat pump (HP) in the smart house are considered as the controllable loads of the demand side. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by extensive simulation results which ensure the reduction of BESS capacity and power generation cost, and satisfy the transmission constraints.
It is of great significance to discover new negative electrode materials featuring a low operating voltage, high capacity and improved initial coulombic efficiency for lithium ion batteries. This is the first report on the use of orthorhombic Li3V(MoO4)3 as a promising anode material that exhibits natural advantages over reported traditional metal oxides. High-crystalline Li3V(MoO4)3 nanoparticles decorated with carbon are synthesized by a facile mechanochemical route followed by low-temperature (480°C) calcination. The lithium storage ability of the prepared Li3V(MoO4)3 anode is fully tapped at 3.0–0.01V vs. Li+/Li, displaying a lower voltage plateau than the conversion-type metal oxides. It delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 999 mAh g−1 at 50mAg−1 and a high coulombic efficiency of 82.6%. Moreover, it maintains a capacity retention of 92% after 75 cycles at 500mAg−1. The GITT-determined Li+ diffusion coefficient ranges from 10−10 to 10–13 cm2 s−1 along with the voltage. The lithium storage mechanism indicates that Li3V(MoO4)3 can be considered a pre-lithiated material. In-situ XRD testing during the first cycle reflects the conversion reaction of Li3V(MoO4)3. These insights will benefit the discovery of novel anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by short stature, muscular hypotonia, cognitive dysfunction, and hyperphagia usually leading to severe obesity. Patients with PWS share similarities with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Few studies have dealt with growth hormone (GH) treatment in PWS adults. The purpose of the Scandinavian study was to evaluate the effects of GH on body composition, lipid and glucose metabolism, physical performance and safety parameters in adults with PWS. Twenty-five women and 21 men with PWS were randomized to treatment with GH or placebo during 1 year followed by 2 years of open labeled GH treatment. At baseline 1/3 had normal BMI, six patients severe GHD, ten impaired glucose tolerance and seven diabetes. At 1 year insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) SDS had increased by 1.51 (P < 0.001) and body composition improved in the GH treated group. Visceral fat decreased by 22.9 ml (P = 0.004), abdominal subcutaneous fat by 70.9 ml (P = 0.003) and thigh fat by 21.3 ml (P = 0.013), whereas thigh muscle increased 6.0 ml (P = 0.005). Lean body mass increased 2.25 kg (P = 0.005), and total fat mass decreased 4.20 kg (P < 0.001). The positive effects on body composition were maintained after 2 years of GH treatment. Peak expiratory flow increased by 12% (P < 0.001) at 2 years of GH treatment. Lipid and glucose metabolism were unchanged, however, three patients developed diabetes at 2 years of GH treatment. In conclusion GH treatment had beneficial effects on the abnormal body composition without serious adverse events making it a logic treatment option in adults with PWS.
Children with ADHD exhibit clinically impairing inattentive behavior during classroom instruction and in other cognitively demanding contexts. However, there have been surprisingly few attempts to validate anecdotal parent/teacher reports of intact sustained attention during ‘preferred’ activities such as watching movies. The current investigation addresses this omission, and provides an initial test of how ADHD-related working memory deficits contribute to inattentive behavior during classroom instruction. Boys ages 8–12 (M = 9.62, SD = 1.22) with ADHD (n = 32) and typically developing boys (TD; n = 30) completed a counterbalanced series of working memory tests and watched two videos on separate assessment days: an analogue math instructional video, and a non-instructional video selected to match the content and cognitive demands of parent/teacher-described ‘preferred’ activities. Objective, reliable observations of attentive behavior revealed no between-group differences during the non-instructional video (d = −0.02), and attentive behavior during the non-instructional video was unrelated to all working memory variables (r = −0.11 to 0.19, ns). In contrast, the ADHD group showed disproportionate attentive behavior decrements during analogue classroom instruction (d = −0.71). Bias-corrected, bootstrapped, serial mediation revealed that 59% of this between-group difference was attributable to ADHD-related impairments in central executive working memory, both directly (ER = 41%) and indirectly via its role in coordinating phonological short-term memory (ER = 15%). Between-group attentive behavior differences were no longer detectable after accounting for ADHD-related working memory impairments (d = −0.29, ns). Results confirm anecdotal reports of intact sustained attention during activities that place minimal demands on working memory, and indicate that ADHD children’s inattention during analogue classroom instruction is related, in large part, to their underdeveloped working memory abilities.
A nanocomposite of well-dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on crumpled nitrogen-doped MXene nanosheets (N–Ti3C2/Fe2O3) is synthesized by solventless thermal decomposition of a precursor of iron-oleate complex mixed with N-doped MXene nanosheets (N–Ti3C2). In this hybrid structure, well-dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles anchored on the highly conductive N-doped MXene nanosheets can surely enable better electrons transfer and buffer the large volume change of the active material. Furthermore, they act as mutual spacers in the nanocomposite to effectively prevent the aggregation of the nanoparticles and the restacking of the MXene nanosheets. When used as anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), crumpled N–Ti3C2/Fe2O3 nanocomposites exhibit high reversible capacity (1065 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), fast charge/discharge ability and robust cycling performance (remains at 549 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 2 A g−1), which suggesting this novel anode material has potential prospect for Li-ion batteries.
Nickel sulfide and graphene-wrapped nickel sulfide nanoprisms were synthesized using a facile one-pot method and evaluated as anode materials for Li-ion batteries, and as supercapacitor electrodes. Graphene wrapping significantly improved the performance of nickel sulfide both as Li-ion battery anode and supercapacitor electrode. As Li-ion battery anode, graphene-wrapped nickel sulfide nanoprisms achieved an excellent specific capacity of over 1200mAh/g after 100 cycles, and showed improved rate capability. As supercapacitor electrode, nickel sulfide nanoprisms achieved a specific capacitance of over 1000F/g at a current density of 5A/g, which is one of the best results reported for nickel sulfide. However, specific capacitance was much lower at 10 and 20A/g. Introducing graphene significantly improved the specific capacitance of nickel sulfide at high current densities.
This study aimed to create and validate a web-based battery of tests, age appropriate for 16 year-olds, and designed to assess mathematical skills, general cognitive abilities and number sense. The first stage of the study involved the selection of 11 measures and their administration to a sample of 100 16 year-old students, either in pen and paper format, or on computers. Guided by reliability analyses conducted on the first phase's data, 6 of these tests were selected and implemented online. The new battery revealed to be a reliable tool of assessment showing good internal validity and reliability for all the measures.
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are being explored as promising advanced energy storage systems due to their ultra-high energy density. However, fast capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency, resulting from the dissolution of polysulfides, remain a serious challenge. Compared to weak physical adsorptions or barriers, chemical confinement based on strong chemical interaction is a more effective approach to address the shuttle issue. Herein, we devise a novel polymeric sulfur/carbon nanotube composite for Li–S battery, for which 2, 5-dithiobiurea is chosen as the stabilizer of long-chain sulfur. This offers chemical bonds which bridge the polymeric sulfur and carbon nanotubes. The obtained composite can deliver an ultra-high reversible capacity of 1076.2 mAh g−1 (based on the entire composite) at the rate of 0.1 C with an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.2%, as well as remarkable cycle performance. This performance is mainly attributed to the reaction reversibility of the obtained polymeric sulfur-based composite during the discharge/charge process. This was confirmed by density functional theory calculations for the first time.
The high-rate charging and cycling of Li-ion batteries is improved by blending Li2RuO3 into LiCoO2 cathodes in cells with Li4Ti5O12 anodes. The cathode-limited cells have greater discharge capacities when Li2RuO3-containing cathodes are recharged up to 2C rates. The Li4Ti5O12/Li2RuO3 +LiCoO2 cells also show capacity increases over initial cycles and minimal capacity decay when cycled at a 2C rate over 50 cycles. These benefits are attributed to the reduced cell impedance of the Li2RuO3-containing cathodes.
For the first six weeks following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a patient will attend an outpatient clinic typically seen twice weekly. Here, an exercise regime is performed and improvement assessed using a hand held goniometer that measures the maximum angle of knee flexion, an important metric of progress. Additionally a series of daily exercises is performed at home, recorded in a diary. This protocol has problems. Patients must attend the hospital with assistance since they are not permitted to drive for six weeks following the procedure; appointments are sometimes missed; there are occasionally not enough physiotherapy appointment available; furthermore, it is difficult to be sure that patients are compliant with their exercises at home. The economic and social costs are therefore significant both to the patient and the health service. We describe here an automatic system that performs the monitoring of knee flexion within a domestic environment rather than in a hospital setting. It comprises a master and slave sensor unit that attach using Velcro straps to the thigh and shin above and below the operation wound. The patient performs the prescribed knee exercises whilst wearing the device, during which time it measures and records the angles of knee flexion. The device utilises the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) infrastructure to transmit data through the Internet to a secure hospital-based server using an on-board GSM modem. The clinician is then able to view and interpret the information from any computer with internet access and the software. The system does not require the patient to possess a mobile telephone, a computer, or have internet access; the necessary communications technology is completely integrated into the device.
A new electrode consisting of iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) known as Prussian blue and Dibenzo-18-crown-6 macrocycle ion-pair complex formed in presence of chloroform was studied for its electrochemical behavior in 0.1M KCl solutions. The ion-pair complex exhibited cyclic voltammetric response combining the Faradic redox characteristics of Prussian blue and the non-Faradic capacitance behavior of crown ether. Pseudo-capacitance values from the cyclic voltammetric measurements of the ion-pair complex showed a nine-fold increase as against the crown ether and a 1.5 times increase compared to Prussian blue. The ion-pair complex was chemically and electrochemically stable up to the cycled 1000 runs. Double potential step chronocoulometric measurements done at the lowest time scale of 10s showed specific capacitance value of 28.95×103 Fg−1 for the reduction step and 52.92×103 Fg−1 for the oxidation step. Such pseudo-capacitive values are the requisite of electrochemical capacitors that can provide huge power pulse within a very short time.