batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Graphene nanosheets/polyaniline nanofibers (GNS/PANI) composites are synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in HClO4 solution. The PANI nanofibers homogeneously coating on the surface of GNS greatly improve the charge transfer reaction. The GNS/PANI composites exhibit better electrochemical performances than the pure individual components. A remarkable specific capacitance of 1130Fg−1 (based on GNS/PANI composites) is obtained at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 in 1M H2SO4 solution compared to 402Fg−1 for pure PANI and 270Fg−1 for GNS. The excellent performance is not only due to the GNS which can provide good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, but also associate with a good redox activity of ordered PANI nanofibers. Moreover, the GNS/PANI composites present excellent long cycle life with 87% specific capacitance retained after 1000 charge/discharge processes. The resulting composites are promising electrode materials for high-performance electrical energy storage devices.
As the global demand for potassium continues to increase, the potassium in natural resources is gradually insufficient. The potassium resources in the ocean are extremely rich. In this paper, a new battery deionization method (BDI) was developed to selectively recover potassium from seawater using a Fe[Fe(CN)6] (BG) battery electrode. The BG-based electrode exhibited totally different insertion behavior to the most abundant cations in seawater, with the capacity order of K+>Na+>Li+>Ca2+>Mg2+. Using the battery cell assembled with BG and activated carbon electrode, the recovery capacity of K+ arrived at 177 μmoL/g under the discharge stage of battery from 0.8 to 0 V, and no significant variation was found even in the presence of 37 times higher concentration of Na+ than that of K+. In synthetic seawater, the BG battery electrode still kept the recovery of 69.6% for K+ with the separation factor α(K+/Na+) of 141.7. Moreover, energy consumption is calculated to be 15.4 kJ/mol, 10 times lower than that of the capacitive deionization method. Meanwhile, the BG battery electrode is very stable with the adsorption amount retaining 86% over 150 cycles. The three-cell stack test in synthetic seawater proves that the current BDI device is easy to be amplified for recovering potassium from seawater.
Understanding fish migratory patterns and movements often relies on tags that are externally or internally implanted. Energy harvesting from fish swimming may benefit the state of the art of fish-tags, by increasing their battery lifetime and expanding their sensory capabilities. Here, we investigate the feasibility of underwater energy harvesting from the vibrations of a biomimetic fish tail though piezoelectric materials. We propose and experimentally validate a modeling framework to predict the underwater vibration of the tail and the associated piezoelectric response. The tail is modeled as a geometrically tapered beam with heterogeneous physical properties, undergoing large amplitude vibration in a viscous fluid. Fluid-structure interactions are described through a hydrodynamic function, which accounts for added mass and nonlinear hydrodynamic damping. To demonstrate the practical benefit of energy harvesting, we assess the possibility of powering a wireless communication module using the underwater vibration of the tail hosting the piezoelectrics. The electrical energy generated by the piezoelectrics during the undulations of the tail is stored and used to power the wireless communication device. This preliminary test offers compelling evidence for future technological developments toward self-powered fish-tags.
Lithium-selenium (Li–Se) batteries represent a promising energy storage system due to the relatively high electronic conductivity and high volumetric energy density of Se as a cathode. The design of porous carbon with tunable structure and low cost is a key to enabling Se cathodes for high-performance Li–Se batteries. In this study, hierarchically microporous activated carbon (AC) was fabricated from waste coffee grounds through a carbonization and KOH-activation process. Despite the simple synthesis process, the optimized AC (AC-700) had a high surface area of 1355 m2 g−1 and a large microspore volume of 0.52 cm³ g−1. The Se/AC-700 cathode showed a reversible capacity of 655 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C in Li–Se batteries based on a carbonate electrolyte. Moreover, the Se/AC-700 cathode demonstrated excellent cyclic performance over 400 cycles without appreciable capacity decay. The main reason for the good battery performance was attributed to fast electron transfer and Li-ion diffusion in Se confined in the microporous carbon of AC-700. It is expected that this work will shed light on the development of low-cost and stable Se cathodes for high-energy Li–Se batteries.
The iron-based metal-organic-framework MIL53(Fe) has recently been tested as a cathode materials for Li-Ion batteries, leading to promising cycling life and rate capability. Despite a poor capacity of 70mAhg−1 associated with the exchange of almost 0.5Li/Fe, this result is the first evidence of a reversible lithium insertion never observed in a MOF system. In the present study, the MIL53(Fe) redox mechanism is investigated through first-principles DFT+U calculations. The results show that MIL53(Fe) is a weak antiferromagnetic charge transfer insulator at T =0K, with iron ions in the high-spin S =5/2 state. Its reactivity vs elemental lithium is then investigated as a function of lithium composition and distribution over the most probable Li-sites of the MOF structure. The redox mechanism is fully interpreted as a two-step insertion/conversion mechanism, associated with the stabilization of the Fe3+/Fe2+ mixed-valence state prior to the complete decomposition of the inorganic–organic interactions within the porous MOF architecture.
Ab initio calculations have been performed for a new family of lithium salts based on heterocyclic anions: [CF3SON4C2n ]− (0≤ n ≤4). In total, 10 different anions and their 1:1 ion pairs with lithium ions have been studied. The lithium ion affinity globally decreases with the degree of CN-substitution to the ring. Bidentate lithium ion coordination to the sulfonyl oxygen atom and one additional atom or to two adjacent ring nitrogen atoms is strongly preferred when structurally possible. The extremely low lithium ion affinities of the anions together with an appreciable stability towards oxidation make these salts possible candidates for future lithium battery electrolytes.
Automobile driving is a safety-critical real-world example of multitasking. A variety of roadway and in-vehicle distracter tasks create information processing loads that compete for the neural resources needed to drive safely. Drivers with mind and brain aging may be particularly susceptible to distraction due to waning cognitive resources and control over attention. This study examined distracted driving performance in an instrumented vehicle (IV) in 86 elderly (mean=72.5 years, SD=5.0 years) and 51 middle-aged drivers (mean=53.7 years, SD=9.3 year) under a concurrent auditory–verbal processing load created by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). Compared to baseline (no-task) driving performance, distraction was associated with reduced steering control in both groups, with middle-aged drivers showing a greater increase in steering variability. The elderly drove slower and showed decreased speed variability during distraction compared to middle-aged drivers. They also tended to “freeze up”, spending significantly more time holding the gas pedal steady, another tactic that may mitigate time pressured integration and control of information, thereby freeing mental resources to maintain situation awareness. While 39% of elderly and 43% of middle-aged drivers committed significantly more driving safety errors during distraction, 28% and 18%, respectively, actually improved, compatible with allocation of attention resources to safety critical tasks under a cognitive load.
The current study examined associations between rumination and executive function difficulties in preadolescent youth, using predictions outlined in the attentional scope and multiple systems models of rumination. This study aimed to (a) extend current conceptual models of rumination to youth, (b) clarify disparate model predictions regarding working memory updating (“updating”), inhibition, and shifting abilities, and (c) examine differential neurocognitive predictions between two forms of rumination, sadness and anger. One hundred and fifty-nine youths oversampled for ADHD and other forms of child psychopathology associated with executive dysfunction (aged 8–13; 53.5% male; 59.1% Caucasian) completed a battery of assessments, including self-report measures of rumination and computerized neurocognitive tasks. Multiple regression analyses were conducted assessing relations between rumination and each executive function, controlling for both sadness and anger rumination to assess their unique associations. Sadness rumination was associated with poorer updating (β = −0.18, p = 0.046) and shifting abilities (β = 0.20, p = 0.03) but not inhibition (β = −0.04, p = 0.62), offering partial support to the attentional scope and multiple systems models. In contrast, anger rumination was associated with better updating abilities (β = 0.20, p = 0.03) but not shifting (β = −0.15, p = 0.11) or inhibition (β = 0.08, p = 0.35). Together, these results suggest (a) developmental differences in the neurocognitive correlates associated with rumination risk in youth compared to findings from the adult literature, and (b) that the executive function correlates of children’s responses to negative emotions are affect-specific, such that sadness rumination is associated with difficulties replacing negative thoughts and shifting between mental sets, while anger rumination is associated with a better ability to maintain negative thoughts.
The distributions of potential and reaction rates in a lithium ion battery during discharge process have great influences on the battery thermal characteristics. A two-dimensional electrochemical–thermal model has been developed for a cylindrical LiFePO4 battery by coupling the mass, charge, and energy conservations as well as the cell electrochemical kinetics. The model also includes battery current collecting tabs. The modeling results are validated for both the electrochemical performance and thermal behavior during galvanostatic discharge process. The modeling results agree well with the experimental data. The placement of the positive and the negative current collecting tabs on the cylindrical battery was found to have a significant effect on the distributions of its potential and local reaction rates, which therefore affect heat generation rates, and thus the distribution of the temperature within the battery.
A fundamental study is undertaken of the mechanism of the formation and dissolution of lead sulfate on the negative electrode in a lead–acid battery. This involves in situ examination of a lead sheet, on which a small amount of BaSO4 or SrSO4 powder is fixed by pressing, in sulfuric acid solution by means of electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) combined with cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is found that both BaSO4 and SrSO4 provide seed crystals for the precipitation of PbSO4. The PbSO4 crystals are formed more rapidly on SrSO4 than on BaSO4 during the oxidation (discharge) process. The dissolution of PbSO4 crystals formed on SrSO4 crystals is very slow during the reduction (charge) process.
This paper presents theoretical and experimental work that is being carried out in a grid-connected residential building demonstrator available at the Instituto de Energía Solar (IES) of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) in Madrid, Spain. The house is provided with a building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) system coupled to a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) based on two air-to-air direct expansion reversible heat pumps. Thermal loads, HVAC consumption, and PV generation are simulated using different dynamic models, and they are validated with actual data derived from monitoring the experimental campaign. A model of intelligent control of BESS is proposed, which aims to supply the selected application (HVAC load) with two control strategies: increasing PV self-consumption and grid-peak shaving. This model has been validated with experimental data (error<10%). Furthermore, the study includes aging and degradation effects on the batteries to make allowance for realistic lifetime assessment. The results of the case study show that in a building without a BESS, the self-consumption rate is about 30%; however, with the implementation of the proposed control, it could achieve approximately 50%, depending on the BESS capacity and the PV generator nominal power. Likewise, by using a combination of both strategies, it is possible to reduce both contracted power and energy consumption (77% and 49% respectively for case study).
Off-grid communities in India with salty groundwater could obtain potable water by using electrodialysis, powered by solar panels, shows a study conducted by researchers in the USA at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Genetic diversity in Zanskari pony breed was evaluated at 48 microsatellite loci using fifty adult, healthy and unrelated animals. Allele frequency data was used to detect genetic diversity and bottleneck. The estimated average number of alleles (±s.e.) was 8.5208±2.5010 with a total of 409 alleles. A high level of genetic diversity within this breed was observed in terms of number of alleles, observed heterozygosity (0.6763±0.1704), expected Leven's heterozygosity (0.7724±0.795), expected Nei's heterozygosity (0.7644±0.0787) and polymorphism information content (>0.5). In-breeding coefficient (F is ) was 0.115±0.0209, suggesting moderately high in-breeding in Zanskari breed. Although analysis of bottleneck revealed no bottleneck in recent past but population of Zanskari ponies has decreased drastically and only a few thousand pure-bred animals are left. The information is useful for proposing effective population management strategies for future.
LiCoO2 thin films were synthesized via an easy one-step electrochemical-hydrothermal route using ethanol–water blends as solvent. The influence of the synthesis parameters - i.e. ethanol/water ratio, temperature, pressure, reaction time and current density - on the formation of layered R 3 ¯ m phase and on its electrochemical behavior in lithium cells was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the formation of well-crystallized R 3 ¯ m LiCoO2 thin films with preferred (101) orientation, without any trace of spinel-like (LT-LiCoO2) phase or cobalt oxide Co3O4 impurities. LiCoO2 films with controlled orientation exhibit a specific capacity close to the theoretical value, and excellent capacity retention even at high current density. Experimental results reveal that electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions allows high deposition rates reaching 500nmmin−1.
The rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) in Bangladesh requires more energy to run these vehicles. Moreover, the transportation sector produces Green House Gas (GHG) especially CO2 emissions. Due to the excess power needed to recharge these EVs, the national grid has to supply more than 500 MW daily. This paper proposes an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) based on solar and biogas to reduce the burden on the national grid. The proposed EVCS integrates a combination of a solar PV module (10 kW), three biogas generators (10 kW), 25 lead acid batteries (each 100 Ah), a converter (10 kW) and charging assemblies. This paper analyzes the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of the proposed EVCS using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables (HOMER) Pro software. This configuration estimates a Cost of Energy (COE) of $0.1302/kWh, total net present cost (NPC) of $56,202 and operating cost of $2540. In addition, the proposed model reduces the CO2 emissions by 34.68% compared to a conventional grid-based charging station. The designed EVCS saves approximately $12–$18 per month to recharge an EV which increases the socio-economic standard of EV owner.
Heterogeneous nucleation is a frequently encountered phenomenon in the crystallization of inorganic nanoparticle/polymer systems, and has a great influence on the morphology and properties (such as optical, mechanical and degradable properties) of the nanocomposites. In this study, a solution casting method was adopted to fabricate CdSe–ZnS quantum dots (QDs)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites films of various QDs concentrations by using chloroform as the solvent. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites films that had been thermally treated differently from the as-cast state. The FT-IR and POM results showed that the nucleation density and the crystallization ability of PLA are greatly enhanced with addition of the QDs in the processes of isothermal crystallization at 403 K. The results of DSC revealed that the glass transition temperature of PLA has no obvious change with the addition of QDs. For the QDs/PLA samples which were isothermally annealed at 403 K for 30 min, the degree of (melt) crystallinity increased with increase of QD concentrations in the PLA matrix. All the results obtained from FT-IR spectroscopy, POM, DSC, and XRD were consistent, suggesting that the CdSe–ZnS QDs can serve as an efficient heterogeneous nucleating agent for the acceleration and enhancement of the melt crystallization of PLA at the optimized condition.
LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) cathode material is surface treated by Li active boron oxide (LBO) via a two-step process. The surface morphology, crystal structure, surface composition, and electrochemical properties were characterized based on SEM, XRD, XPS, charge–discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. XPS results showed that the coating layer was composed of LiBO2. The 2 wt% LBO-coated NMC exhibited the best electrochemical performance at high voltage (4.5V). It was achieved a high capacity retention of 91.23% after 50 cycle which was 53.19% for the uncoated one. The rate capability of the coated electrode was improved obviously, exhibiting 114.71 mAh·g-1 discharge capacity at 10C. The interfacial resistance and charge transfer resistance was also decreased owning to the fact that the coating layer played a “firewall” between the electrolyte and the NMC electrode.
The electrochemical properties of various carbon materials (graphite and hard carbon) have been investigated for use as a negative electrode for Li-ion capacitors. The rate capabilities of the carbon electrodes are tested up to 40C using both half and full cell configurations. It is found that the capacitance of the hard carbon material at 40C could be maintained up to 70% of that at 0.2C in full cells with an activated carbon positive electrode, which is the best among the carbon materials. The cycle performance of the hard carbon demonstrates that the initial capacitance is retained up to 83% even after 10,000 cycles. The outperforming results could be ascribed to the microstructure of hard carbon, which indicates that hard carbon is more suitable as negative electrode materials for high power energy storage applications.
Background Mosquitoes are responsible for spreading many diseases and their populations are susceptible to environmental changes. The ecosystems in the Three Gorges Region were probably altered because of changes to the environment during the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the world's largest hydroelectric dam by generating capacity. Methods We selected three sites at which to monitor the mosquitoes from 1997 to 2009. We captured adult mosquitoes with battery-powered aspirators fortnightly between May and September of each year in dwellings and sheds. We identified the mosquito species, and examined changes in the species density during the TGD construction. We monitored changes in the species and density of mosquitoes in this area for 13 years during the TGD construction and collected information that could be used to support the control and prevention of mosquito-borne infections. Results We found that the mosquito species composition around the residential areas remained the same, and the density changed gradually during the TGD construction. The changes in the populations tended to be consistent over the years, and the densities were highest in July, and were between 3 and 5 times greater in the sheds than in the dwellings. Conclusions The mosquito species and populations remained stable during the construction of the TGD. The mosquito density may have increased as the reservoir filled, and may have decreased during the clean-up work. Clean-up work may be an effective way to control mosquitoes and prevent mosquito-borne diseases.
Li1.2Ni0.133Co0.133Mn0.534O2/graphene composites are prepared with Li1.2Ni0.133Co0.133Mn0.534O2 particles and graphene oxide sol by a novel ethanol solution reduction method and an ethanol solvothermal method. The structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy methods. It is found that the Li1.2Ni0.133Co0.133Mn0.534O2 spherical secondary particles are wrapped with a graphene network. A four-probe powder conductivity measure test shows that the electrical conductivity of the materials with graphene-wrapped is significantly improved, which is further proved by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ohmic polarization. In addition, the graphene network coating structure can reduce the direct contact between electrolyte and electrode active material as a physical protection. Therefore, the electrochemical properties of the two composites obtained by the two methods are all improved. By comparison, the coating effect with ethanol solution reduction method is much better than that of with ethanol solvothermal method. The composite prepared by ethanol solution reduction method can deliver an average discharge capacity of 315.1 mAh g−1 at 0.05C and 281.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, which is about 40 mAh g−1 higher than that of the original material. It can deliver a capacity retention of 83.9% after 200 cycles, which is increased ~ 17% compared with that of the original material. Moreover, its discharge voltage platform and rate capability are greatly increased.
In the era of increasing drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), it is prudent to assess causes of poor response to anti tubercular therapy (ATT) and drug sensitivity pattern (DSP) in osteoarticular TB.