batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The respiratory health effects of livestock farming have been on debate for more than three decades. Endotoxin-contaminated organic dusts are considered as the most important respiratory hazards within livestock environments. A comprehensive review of the knowledge from studies assessing the exposure status of livestock farmers is still to be published. The present study reviews research published within the last 30 years on personal exposure of livestock farmers to organic dust and endotoxin, focusing on studies on pig, poultry and cattle farmers. Applied measurement methods and reported levels of personal exposure for the total, inhalable and respirable fractions are summarized and discussed, with emphasis on the intensity of exposure and the size and distribution of the reported exposure variability. In addition, available evidence on potential determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin among these farmers are documented and discussed, taking results from exposure determinant studies using stationary sampling approaches into consideration. Research needs are addressed from an epidemiological and industrial hygiene perspective. Published studies have been heterogeneous in design, and applied methodologies and results were frequently inadequately reported. Despite these limitations and the presence of an enormous variability in personal exposure to dust and endotoxin, no clear downward trends in exposure with time were observed, suggesting that working environments within stables remains largely uncontrolled. Exposure control and prevention strategies for livestock farmers are urgently required. These should focus on the development of novel and improved methods of controlling dust and endotoxin exposure within stables based on the currently available knowledge on determinants of exposure.
Adolescents are at risk of iron deficiency because of their high iron requirements. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess iron intake, its determinants and its most important food sources and; (2) to evaluate the relation of iron intake and status in European adolescents.
Psychological flexibility has been suggested as a fundamental process in health. The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) is one of the scales employed for assessing psychological inflexibility in pain patients. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the PIPS and secondly, to compare it to two other psychological constructs, the acceptance of pain and mindfulness scales.
As a promising lithium-conducting solid electrolyte, LiAlO2 has not gained deserved attention in the modification of lithium ion batteries anode material. In this paper, the LiAlO2/C nano-composites have been prepared by simply mixing with the appropriate proportion of Al(NO3)3, LiNO3 and graphite homogeneously and subsequent sintering. The successfully prepared LiAlO2 nano-particles are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical tests indicate that the LiAlO2/C composite exhibits outstanding circulation property at a current density of 0.1C and excellent rate performance. Both the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test and the Raman spectra shows that sintering induces the increase of the disordered degree of the surface and the uniform distribution of the LiAlO2 nano-particles, both of which are valuable for improvement of the battery performance. First-principles calculations are used to confirm the transfer pathway of the Li-ion which indicates a possibility of using inorganic compounds to improve the electrochemical performance of graphite. It is concluded that Li-ion can pass through the lattice via vacancies and the interstitial Li in the lattice.
In the last decade eLearning has proven to be a flexible and time-efficient means of studying and achieving continuing professional development. Shift from the traditional instruction paradigm to a learning paradigm is needed in higher education and lifelong learning. These days learning and development professionals are therefore continuously looking for new ways of mobilizing and sharing information and knowledge between colleagues and communities in an online environment. Many Saudi higher education institutions have adopted e-learning in some form as part of their curriculum offering. According to 2011 Webometrics ranking King Saud University ranks first in the Arab world, 21 among all Asian universities and 212 worldwide with regard to Web visibility and impact.Princess Nora bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) is the first women's university in Saudi Arabia and largest women-only university in the world. Science school at PNU is moving to a new campus next summer, the existing old building and time limit are not suitable for building e-classrooms within the old campus. However, Mobile learning can form another online learning option overcoming the perceived inadequacies of the existing infrastructure of conventional e-learning. mobile network also provides unique advantages or features such as the position or location of the device and personalization (both user preferences and device capabilities). When wireless or mobile phone networks combined with renewable energy systems such as photo-voltaic solar panels or solar chargers they can be stand alone systems. The exploitation of ubiquitous handheld technologies, together with wireless and mobile phone networks enable faculties and students at science school at PNU to construct mobile learning within an old campus. The purpose of the present work is to design and implement Mobile-classrooms at PNU old campus using renewable energy resources, and then to study the effect mobile learning has on academic student learning achievements.
Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived mediator, induces cell survival in uncompensated oxidative stress (OS), neurodegenerations or ischemic stroke. The molecular principles underlying this protection remain unresolved. We report here that, in retinal pigment epithelial cells, NPD1 induces nuclear translocation and cREL synthesis that, in turn, mediates BIRC3 transcription. NPD1 activates NF-κB by an alternate route to canonical signaling, so the opposing effects of TNFR1 and NPD1 on BIRC3 expression are not due to interaction/s between NF-κB pathways. RelB expression follows a similar pattern as BIRC3, indicating that NPD1 also is required to activate cREL-mediated RelB expression. These results suggest that cREL, which follows a periodic pattern augmented by the lipid mediator, regulates a cluster of NPD1-dependent genes after cREL nuclear translocation. BIRC3 silencing prevents NPD1 induction of survival against OS. Moreover, brain NPD1 biosynthesis and selective neuronal BIRC3 abundance are increased by DHA after experimental ischemic stroke followed by remarkable neurological recovery. Thus, NPD1 bioactivity governs key counter-regulatory gene transcription decisive for retinal and brain neural cell integrity when confronted with potential disruptions of homeostasis.
d-Methylphenidate (dexmethylphenidate; d-MPH) and its racemate d,l-methylphenidate (d,l-MPH) are currently prescribed for the chronic treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Studies have shown that d-MPH is the pharmacologically active enantiomer for ADHD and is therefore the preferred drug for the treatment of ADHD symptoms. Although studies on the mutagenicity of d,l-MPH have been conducted, similar data for d-MPH are lacking. Therefore, d-MPH was evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation and mouse lymphoma assays with and without S9 and in a bone marrow micronucleus test in male and female CD-1 mice. As a comparison, the l-enantiomer and racemate were also included in the assessments. While MPH-associated toxicity was observed in the mammalian tests, none of the three compounds tested induced mutagenic or clastogenic effects. Our present results along with published epidemiological data from patient populations are consistent with the conclusion that d-MPH and d,l-MPH do not present a carcinogenic risk to humans.
This paper proposes an advanced state of health (SoH) estimation method for high energy NMC lithium-ion batteries based on the incremental capacity (IC) analysis. IC curves are used due to their ability of detect and quantify battery degradation mechanism. A simple and robust smoothing method is proposed based on Gaussian filter to reduce the noise on IC curves, the signatures associated with battery ageing can therefore be accurately identified. A linear regression relationship is found between the battery capacity with the positions of features of interest (FOIs) on IC curves. Results show that the developed SoH estimation function from one single battery cell is able to evaluate the SoH of other batteries cycled under different cycling depth with less than 2.5% maximum errors, which proves the robustness of the proposed method on SoH estimation. With this technique, partial charging voltage curves can be used for SoH estimation and the testing time can be therefore largely reduced. This method shows great potential to be applied in reality, as it only requires static charging curves and can be easily implemented in battery management system (BMS).
This study examines the on-line processing of sentences with movement using an auditory anomaly detection task (after Boland, Tanenhaus, Garnsey, & Carlson, 1995). Eight agrammatic aphasic participants (four of whom had undergone treatment focused on comprehension and production of filler-gap sentences) and 24 young normal participants listened to sentences and pressed a button when the sentences “stopped making sense.” Critical sentences contained an anomaly in object relative clauses or conjoined clauses. Results showed that both young normals and aphasic participants were able to reject anomalous sentences of both types. In addition, both groups showed evidence of filler-gap resolution on-line. Importantly, however, there was evidence of a treatment effect for the aphasic patients: those who received treatment showed better performance than those who had not. Treated patients were more successful than the untreated patients in detecting the anomaly in filler-gap conditions, rejecting the anomalous filler-gap sentences reliably more often than the non-anomalous ones, like the young normals. This effect was not noted for untreated participants, i.e., there was no statistical difference between their rejection of anomalous and non-anomalous filler gap sentences. Further, the reaction time data showed that the treated aphasic patients’ rejections came before sentence’s end (within 2000ms), while the majority of responses made by untreated patients did not. These results indicate that individuals with agrammatic aphasia appear to retain some gap-filling capacity and that treatment can improve their ability to make use of this capacity.
Lithium-ion capacitors is a novel kind of electrochemical energy devices integrating advantages of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, and its thermal behaviors have not yet attracted sufficient attentions so far. In this study, the thermal behaviors of lithium-ion capacitor upon galvanostatic charge–discharge have been systematically investigated. The capacitors have been measured in a specially designed climate chamber where the ambient temperature remains constant (maximum fluctuation: ±0.5 °C). The surface temperatures of lithium-ion capacitors have been monitored while their C-rates and the ambient temperature changed in different charging and discharging tests; moreover, their high and low temperature performances have been studied and their thermal charge–discharge behaviors have been discussed in comparison with those of lithium-ion batteries and electrical double layer capacitors. The results show that the lithium-ion capacitors drop in temperature while the charging voltage remains 2.0–4.0 V but are heated up while they discharge. Such observations are different from both electrical double layer capacitors and lithium-ion batteries. These results can help proper thermal design and management of large capacity lithium-ion capacitors and modules for fast-charging applications.
To improve the performance of the positive electrode in batteries, it is important to thoroughly characterize these materials during battery cycling, beyond just electrochemical characterization. Among the very few techniques available for operando studies, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) appears very powerful, with high spatial and time resolutions provided by synchrotron radiation. Moreover XAS is well known for its capabilities in charge transfer and structure determinations, both being the major changes induced by electrochemical cycling of electrode materials. By an appropriate combination of three XAS beamlines using a specially designed electrochemical cell, we have studied composite positive electrodes made with LiFePO4 as the active material. We directly observed the heterogeneity of the electrode during operation, some parts being delayed and others advanced, compared to the mean charge state of the electrode. A mapping of this heterogeneity was made at different length scales.
The energy balancing problem is the main challenge for the effective application of micro combined heat and power (m-CHP) in a residential context. Due to its high energy density and relative robustness, the lead-acid battery is widely used for power demand management to compensate the mismatch between the m-CHP electrical output and domestic demand. However, batteries are not suited to respond effectively to high frequency power fluctuations, but when coupled to the m-CHP, they experience frequent short-term charge/discharge cycles and abrupt power changes, which significantly decreases their lifetime. This paper addresses this problem by hybridising the lead-acid battery storage with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to form a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that is coordinated by a novel sizing based droop control method. The control method for the first time considers both the capacity sizing of the HESS technologies and the droop control method of the battery and the SMES. A hardware in the loop test circuit is developed coupling with the real time digital simulator (RTDS) to verify the performance of the HESS with the new control algorithm. The experimental results show that control method is able to exploit the different characteristics of the SMES and the battery to meet the mismatch of m-CHP power generation and domestic demand. In addition, the lifetime analysis is implemented in this paper to quantify the battery lifetime extension in the HESS, which further proves the validity of the proposed control strategy.
Behavioral and neurophysiological changes have been reported after exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) both in animals and in humans. The physiological bases of these effects are still poorly understood. In vitro studies analyzed the effect of ELF-MF applied in pulsed mode (PEMFs) on neuronal cultures showing an increase in excitatory neurotransmission. Using transcranial brain stimulation, we studied noninvasively the effect of PEMFs on several measures of cortical excitability in 22 healthy volunteers, in 14 of the subjects we also evaluated the effects of sham field exposure. After 45 min of PEMF exposure, intracortical facilitation produced by paired pulse brain stimulation was significantly enhanced with an increase of about 20%, while other parameters of cortical excitability remained unchanged. Sham field exposure produced no effects. The increase in paired-pulse facilitation, a physiological parameter related to cortical glutamatergic activity, suggests that PEMFs exposure may produce an enhancement in cortical excitatory neurotransmission. This study suggests that PEMFs may produce functional changes in human brain.
The effect of polymer binder in the LiCoO2 positive electrode (cathode) on the electrochemical properties of this electrode is investigated. The positive electrode for lithium rechargeable polymer batteries (LPBs) is made by casting a solution of active material (LiCoO2), conducting material (super-P), polymer binder, and solvent. The irreversible capacity of the unit cell (Li|gel polymer electrolyte|LiCoO2) is almost independent of the binder content and binder species in the cathode. In terms of specific capacity and the capacity retention with cycling, the optimum content of the binder is 8wt.% and the cycelability is enhanced with an electrode containing a binder with better compatibility with liquid electrolyte.
The goal of the PolarquEEEst experiment was to measure the cosmic charged particle rate at latitudes greater than 66∘
An erratum to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8293-z.
In the present study, local structural changes in 0.4Li2MnO3–0.6LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2, a kind of the layered solid solution, were investigated during initial discharging, in order to clarify the formation mechanism for the stable reversible phase. A pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was carried out using synchrotron X-ray total scattering data. The results indicated that rearrangement of Mn and Co took place from 3.3 to 4.6V during the first discharge process. The results suggest that the formation of a stable reversible phase took place around 3.3V during this process. Fitting to the extended X-ray absorption fine structure at the absorption edges further confirmed the PDF results. The stable reversible phase was then used to examine the origin of the irreversible capacity generated during the first cycles. It was found that a structure is initially formed that can incorporate only about 70% of the Li associated with first charge capacity. However, at around 3.3V during the first discharge process, a new structure that can incorporate about 83% of the Li is formed.
High density (∼96%) garnet-type Al-contained Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO-Al) solid electrolytes are prepared by conventional solid-state reaction and the following flowing oxygen sintering process. An overall ionic conductivity as high as 7.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C is achievable, remarkably higher than that obtained by sintering in other atmospheres. The dependence of density and conductivity of solid electrolytes on sintering under different oxygen partial pressures is discussed. Atmosphere sintering is proved to be an effective method to improve the relative density of lithium oxide ceramics.
The double-coated Si-based composite (nano-Si@carbon@void@graphene sheets) with the excellent electrochemical properties have been successfully designed and prepared via a spray drying method. The composite electrode at 0.1 A g−1 presents a high initial discharge/charge capacity of 2744.9/2389.8 mAh g−1, representing high initial coloumbic efficiency of 87.1%. After 200 cycles, a high charge capacity of 1325.2 mAh g−1 is obtained. Even at 0.8 A g−1 and 1.6 A g−1, the composite electrode still maintain high capacities of 1466.1 mAh g−1 and 561.5 mAh g−1, respectively. The enhanced performance is mainly attributed to the double-coated structure with void space resulting from the carbon layer and wrinkled graphene sheets. The three-dimensional network structure from carbon shell and graphene is capable of improving the electrical conductivity of the composite, buffering the significant volume expansion due to the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium-ions on the Si-based electrode, providing accommodation space for the volume changes and diffusion paths for lithium-ions. Furthermore, the part amorphous structure derived from the nano-silicon exhibits a cushioning effect on the electrode structure during the discharge/charge process of lithium-ion batteries.
Summary The findings of the neuropsychologic studies provide evidence of the selective involvement of higher order cognitive and neurologic abilities, suggesting that autism is a disorder of complex information processing. The saccadic eye movement studies provide evidence of a comparable selective pattern of dysfunction in the higher order circuitry of the brain, suggesting that the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in autism are the result of the failure of the more advanced levels of neural systems development to evolve in autism. A great deal more research is needed to better understand the cognitive components of higher order cognitive abilities and their relationship to behavior in real life, the neural systems and neural connectivity that subserve them, and the course of development of these cognitive abilities and circuitry in autism and in normal individuals. Further understanding of these issues and of the genetic regulation of these brain developmental events will contribute significantly to the development of neurobiologically based interventions for autism and to the broader understanding of these issues relevant to many disorders of the central nervous system.
ABSTRACT Background Medical comorbidities are common among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The authors examined the relationship between the medical comorbidities in patients with TMDs and their psychological functioning. Methods The sample consisted of 1,060 adults with TMDs, of whom 85 percent (n = 901) were female. At the time patients were evaluated at a university orofacial pain center, from 1997 through 2007, they completed medical history and psychological questionnaires. On the basis of retrospective chart reviews, the authors assessed the relationship between medical comorbidities and psychological functioning, controlling for pain severity, by using multivariate analyses of covariance. Results The mean total number of medical comorbidities was 3.49 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.87; range, 0–16). The authors found a linear relationship between number of medical comorbidities and overall psychological distress (t[1, 959] = 16.79, P < .001) and interference owing to pain (t[1, 1,028] = 18.03, P < .001). Conclusions Patients with TMDs who have medical comorbidities may be at increased risk of experiencing poor psychological functioning. Further study is needed to investigate whether the observed relationship changes across time. Clinical Implications The physical and psychological health of patients with TMDs may influence the course of their pain condition. When treating these patients, dentists routinely should assess not only the symptoms of their TMDs but also their general health status.
We demonstrate herein the possibility to prepare carbon anodes for Li-ion batteries using simple carbonized polymeric precursors such as cotton and phenolic cloths. Activation by controlled oxidation forms highly porous carbons whose electrochemical activity in Li salt solutions is mostly an irreversible reduction of solution species and double layer charging. Treating these porous carbons by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon on their surfaces, closes the pores in a way that they can insert Li-ions, but not solution species. These general carbon engineering processes form new carbons with nanoscopic, selectively closed pores, which can serve as highly reversible anode materials for Li-ion batteries, with relatively low irreversible capacity. The capacity of these electrodes depends on the nature of the carbon CVD process. This paper describes the scheme for carbon engineering, gas adsorption measurements that demonstrate the impact of the carbon CVD process, and the relevant changes in the structure of the pores and some preliminary electrochemical measurements in non-aqueous Li salt solutions.