batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Hybrid power systems combine the superb energy density of a fuel cell power source with the outstanding power density of modem batteries. A hybrid power source with an integral power distribution and charge management system was designed and built using standard miniature power regulator integrated circuits with appropriate modifications to implement the necessary controls. The resulting converter not only allows the interconnection of fuel cell systems and batteries having dissimilar operating voltages, but it also imposes a power sharing strategy that elicits peak performance from each part of the device. The resulting hybrid power source can supply 70% greater peak power, with only a 6% increase in weight, and no increase in volume, compared to the as-packaged fuel cell power source on which the hybrid source was based.
Combustion synthesized Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 particles are coated with thin, conformal layers of Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition (ALD). XRD, Raman, and FTIR are used to confirm that no change to the bulk, local structure occurs after coating. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate that the surface of the Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 are protected from dissolution and HF attack after only 4-layers, or ∼8.8Å of alumina. Electrochemical performance at an upper cutoff of 4.5V is greatly enhanced after the growth of Al2O3 surface film. Capacity retention is increased from 65% to 91% after 100 cycles at a rate of C/2 with the addition of only two atomic layers. Due to the conformal coating, the effects on Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 overpotential and capacity are negligible below six ALD-layers. We propose that the use of ALD for coating on Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 particles makes the material a stronger replacement candidate for LiCoO2 as a positive electrode in lithium ion batteries.
This paper describes a modified colloidal crystal templating method to prepare three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) β-Bi2O3. The 3DOM β-Bi2O3 materials exhibit higher specific capacities and better capacity retention than conventional β-Bi2O3 nanoparticles as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The initial discharge capacity of 3DOM β-Bi2O3 was as high as 1296mAhg−1 and the fourth discharge capacity was 526mAhg−1, whereas the discharge capacity of conventional non-templated β-Bi2O3 was only 299mAhg−1 after 4 cycles at a current rate of 0.2C. The improved electrochemical behavior of the 3DOM β-Bi2O3 electrodes is attributed to the 3DOM architecture, which provides easy access for Li+ ions to the surface of active material nanoparticles and short diffusion paths within the macropore walls, and also to the unique tunnel structure of β-Bi2O3.
Quatrano LA, Cruz TH. Future of outcomes measurement: impact on research in medical rehabilitation and neurologic populations. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has embraced the investigation and development of health-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for their potential use in clinical trials, as well as in examining health care reimbursements and regulatory affairs. The NIH has 3 major programs to address this topic: the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function, and Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL), a health-related quality-of-life assessment tool for adults and children with neurologic disorders. These initiatives are focused on developing, validating, and measuring aspects of health by using assessment tools that bridge disease type. Given that rehabilitation takes place across a variety of environments with differing levels of specialized equipment and skilled personnel, PROs may provide consistent measures over time and therefore are anticipated to have substantial impacts on the medical rehabilitation community. Despite their advantages, the widespread use of PROs in rehabilitation faces significant and diverse challenges. This article describes the background behind the NIH PRO initiatives and illustrates both potential benefits and challenges to PRO use in the medical rehabilitation setting.
High-quality documentary photo series have a special place in rhinoplasty. The exact photographic reproduction of the nasal contours is an essential part of surgical planning, documentation and follow-up of one’s own work. Good photographs can only be achieved using suitable technology and with a good knowledge of photography. Standard operating procedures are also necessary. The photographic equipment should consist of a digital single-lens reflex camera, studio flash equipment and a suitable room for photography with a suitable backdrop. The high standards required cannot be achieved with simple photographic equipment. The most important part of the equipment is the optics. Fixed focal length lenses with a focal length of about 105 mm are especially suited to this type of work. Nowadays, even a surgeon without any photographic training is in a position to produce a complete series of clinical images. With digital technology, any of us can take good photographs. The correct exposure, the right depth of focus for the key areas of the nose and the right camera angle are the decisive factors in a good image series. Up to six standard images are recommended in the literature for the proper documentation of nasal surgery. The most important are frontal, three quarters and profile views. In special cases, close-up images may also be necessary. Preparing a professional image series is labour-intensive and very expensive. Large hospitals no longer employ professional photographers. Despite this, we must strive to maintain a high standard of photodocumenation for publications and to ensure that cases can be compared at congresses.
Phase-pure, monoclinic, and nanostructured Li2FeSiO4/C composite has been synthesized with poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer P123. The structure of the composite has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The Li2FeSiO4/C composite exhibits superior electrochemical properties as the cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. The discharge specific capacities can reach 230mAhg−1 at current density of 0.1C (1C=166mAg−1) at room temperature when cycled between 1.5 and 4.8V (vs. Li+/Li). Discharge capacities of 185, 150, and 120mAhg−1 are obtained at high rates of 1C, 5C, and 10C, respectively. The high capacities are believed to be related to both Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couples, as suggested by the Mössbauer spectra for the electrode materials. The Li2FeSiO4/C composite also shows excellent rate capability and cyclability. All these results suggest that Li2FeSiO4/C composite is a very promising candidate as a cheap and sustainable cathode material for the next generation of rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
A LiMn2O4-PPy composite cathode for lithium polymer battery was developed. We investigated temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of PVDF-PC-EC-LiClO4 and PVDF-EC-DEC-LiClO4 electrolytes, AC impedance response and charge/discharge characteristics of LiMn2O4-PPy/MCMB in PVDF-based electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of PVDF-PC10EC10LiClO4 and PVDF-EC10DEC10LiClO4 with 25wt.% PVDF electrolyte was 2.3 and 1.8×10−3 S/cm at room temperature. The first discharge capacity of LiMn2O4 added 15wt.% SP270 was 123mAh/g, while that of LiMnO2-PPy composite with 7wt.% PPy and 10wt.% SP270 was 135mAh/g. The charge/discharge efficiency was above 98% after the 2nd cycle. The LiMn2O4-PPy composite cathode with 7wt.% PPy–10wt.% SP270 in PVDF-EC-DEC-LiClO4 electrolyte showed good capacity with cycling.
To improve the tap density of TiO2(B) as a high potential negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, the particle size and the shape of the TiO2(B) were controlled by a new synthetic method using large-size Nb-doped rutile TiO2 as a starting material. The Nb-doped TiO2(B) particles, Ti0.93Nb0.07O2(B) and Ti0.90Nb0.10O2(B), were much smaller (diameter: ca. 100 nm, length: ca. 800 nm) than the conventional TiO2(B) prepared using fine anatase TiO2 particles as a starting material, and were agglomerated to form secondary particles with a diameter of 3–30 μm. The tap densities of Ti0.93Nb0.07O2(B) and Ti0.90Nb0.10O2(B) were successibly high (0.77 and 0.66 g cm−3, respectively), which were ca. 2-fold higher than that of the conventional TiO2(B) (0.30 g cm−3). As a result, the discharge capacity per electrode volume was significantly improved for both Nb-doped samples without sacrificing the cycleability. Non-doped TiO2(B) was prepared from large-size rutile TiO2 by a similar method, but it deteriorated upon cycling, accompanied by the formation of the anatase phase. It was shown that Nb-doping not only improves the discharge capacity per electrode volume, but also effectively stabilizes the TiO2(B) crystal structure of the small particles.
Locust Bean Gum (LBG, carob bean gum) was investigated as an environmentally friendly, natural, and water-soluble binder for cathode (LFP) and anode (LTO) in lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion). For the first time, we show LBG as an electrode binder and compare to those of the most popular aqueous (CMC) and conventional (PVDF) binders. The electrodes were characterized using TGA/DSC, the galvanostatic charge–discharge cycle test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Thermal decomposition of LBG is seen to begin above 250 °C with a weight loss of about 60 wt% observed at 300 °C, which is sufficient to ensure stable performance of the electrode in a Li-ion battery. For CMC, weight loss at the same temperature is about 45%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the LFP–LBG system has a similar distribution of conductive carbon black particles to PVDF electrodes. The LTO–LBG electrode has a homogeneous dispersion of the electrode elements and maintains the electrical integrity of the network even after cycling, which leads to fast electron migration between LTO and carbon black particles, as well as ion conductivity between LTO active material and electrolyte, better than in systems with CMC and PVDF. The exchange current density, obtained from impedance spectroscopy fell within a broad range between 10−4 and 10−2 mA cm−2 for the LTO|Li and LFP|Li systems, respectively. The results presented in this paper indicate that LBG is a new promising material to serve as a binder.
The presence of PV modules made with new technologies and materials is increasing in PV market, in special Thin Film Solar Modules (TFSM). They are ready to make a substantial contribution to the world's electricity generation. Although Si wafer-based cells account for the most of increase, technologies of thin film have been those of the major growth in last three years. During 2007 they grew 133%. On the other hand, manufacturers provide ratings for PV modules for conditions referred to as Standard Test Conditions (STC). However, these conditions rarely occur outdoors, so the usefulness and applicability of the indoors characterisation in standard test conditions of PV modules is a controversial issue. Therefore, to carry out a correct photovoltaic engineering, a suitable characterisation of PV module electrical behaviour is necessary. The IDEA Research Group from Jaén University has developed a method based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to electrical characterisation of PV modules. An ANN was able to generate V–I curves of si-crystalline PV modules for any irradiance and module cell temperature. The results show that the proposed ANN introduces a good accurate prediction for si-crystalline PV modules performance when compared with the measured values. Now, this method is going to be applied for electrical characterisation of PV CIS modules. Finally, a comparative study with other methods, of electrical characterisation, is done.
In this work, we report a facile directional phosphorization method for construction of hierarchical cross-linked Ni2P arrays, which show a multileveled porous architecture. The basic building blocks are numerous nanoflakes with thicknesses of 15–20 nm, which are self-assembled with each other forming the primary porous mushroom-like structure with 1–3 μm. Impressively, the 3D porous channels run through the whole Ni2P arrays. The secondary nanoflakes consist of interconnected nanoparticles of 10–30 nm and lots of nanopores of 10–50 nm. The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared Ni2P arrays is investigated as cathode of alkaline batteries and demonstrated with higher capacities (127 mAhh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1) and better high-rate cycling stability (123 mAhh g−1 2.5 A g−1 after 9000 cycles) than the preformed Ni(OH)2 arrays counterparts (80 mAhh g−1 2.5 A g−1 and 66 mAhh g−1 after 9000 cycles). The enhanced performance is mainly due to the improved surface area & porosity as well as reinforced electrical conductivity.
Li0.6Na2.4V2(PO4)2F3 holding a NASICON structure is synthesized via ion exchange from Na3V2(PO4)2F3. The Na+ ions at Na(2) sites and inserted Li+ ions in this NASICON structure are suggested to give a large initial specific capacity and a hybrid-ion migration during electrochemical cycling. As a lithium-inserted cathode material, Li0.6Na2.4V2(PO4)2F3 exhibits a specific capacity of 123 mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.1C with two plateaus around 3.77 and 4.19 V vs. Li+/Li. The capacity of the Li0.6Na2.4V2(PO4)2F3/Li battery can retain 104 mAhg−1 with a high coulombic efficiency of 98.6% at 0.1C after 151 cycles.
Ionic liquids have been highlighted as non-flammable, environmentally friendly, and suggested as possible solvents in lithium ion battery electrolytes. Here, the application of two ionic liquids from the EMIm-family in a state-of-the-art carbonate solvent based electrolyte is studied with a focus on safety improvement. The impact of the composition on physical and safety related properties is investigated for IL concentrations of additive (∼5 wt%) up to co-solvent concentrations (∼60 wt%). Furthermore, the role of the lithium salt concentration is separately addressed by studying a set of electrolytes at 0.5 M, 1 M, and 2 M LiPF6 concentrations. A large impact on the electrolyte properties is found for the electrolytes containing EMImTFSI and high salt concentrations. The composition 2 M LiPF6 EC:DEC:IL (1:1:3 wt%) is found non-flammable for both choices of ILs added. The macroscopic observations are complemented by a Raman spectroscopy analysis whereby a change in the Li+ solvation is detected for IL concentrations >4.5 mol%.
Solar Hot Water (SHW) systems are a sustainable and renewable alternative for domestic and low-temperature industrial applications. As solar energy is a variable resource, performance prediction methods are useful tools to increase the overall availability and effective use of these systems. Recently, data-driven techniques have been successfully used for Prognosis and Health Management applications. In the present work, Deep Learning models are trained to predict the performance of an SHW system under different meteorological conditions. Techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) recurrent neural networks (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are explored. A physical simulation model is developed in TRNSYS software to generate large quantities of synthetic operational data in nominal conditions. Although similar results are achieved with the tested architectures, both RNN and LSTM outperform ANN when replicating the data's temporal behavior; all of which outperform naïve predictors and other regression models such as Bayesian Ridge, Gaussian Process and Linear Regression. LSTM models achieved a low Mean Absolute Error of 0.55 °C and the lowest Root Mean Square Error scores (1.27 °C) for temperature sequence predictions, as well as the lowest variance (0.520 °C2) and relative prediction errors (3.45%) for single value predictions, indicating a more reliable prediction performance.
Lithium metal phosphate materials are the newest generation of active materials. With the limited number of cathode materials available at present and the prevalence of transition metal oxide cathodes, phosphates are able to answer the rising safety concerns surrounding the oxide chemistry. These inherent safety limitations have until now prevented lithium ion batteries in general from entering the large format applications markets such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Iron-based olivine phosphate has been the focus of extensive research: intrinsic thermal stability and continual improvement of its performance characteristics have geared the industry to a fast track adoption of this chemistry for the larger format applications. Recently developed vanadium-based phosphates possess operating voltages of 3.65V for Li3V2(PO4)3 and 4.05V for LiVPO4F, both of which are higher than the iron-based phosphate. The high power capability of Li3V2(PO4)3 makes it ideal for applications that require power; LiVPO4F on the other hand has high energy and a desirable cycling characteristic that makes it ideal for energy-demanding applications such as PHEV and EV. These materials are the best fit for the ever-increasing demand for energy, power and thermal stability that is essential in the large format arena.
In this research, the effects of decyl glucoside (DG) on the corrosion inhibition and battery performance of Mg–air battery have been investigated. Chemical and electrochemical techniques have been used to evaluate the corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency. Mg surface has been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A significant reduction in the corrosion rate of Mg in battery electrolyte (3.5% NaCl solution) has been observed in the presence of DG surfactant. Maximum inhibition efficiency (>94%) is achieved at critical micelle concentration of DG surfactant (CMC = 2.5 mM). The presence of DG surfactant increases the activation energy of the corrosion reaction. Physisorption mechanism has been suggested for the inhibition action of DG surfactant. The Mg-air battery containing DG surfactant offers higher operating voltage, discharge capacity and anodic utilization than in its absence.
Triclosan (TCS) is released into the terrestrial environment via the application of sewage sludge and reclaimed water to agricultural land. More attention has been paid to its effect on non-target soil organisms. In the present study, chronic toxic effects of TCS on earthworms at a wide range of concentrations were investigated. The reproduction, DNA damage, and expression levels of heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene of earthworms were studied as toxicity endpoints. The results showed that the reproduction of earthworms were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after exposure to the concentrations ranges from 50 to 300 mg kg−1, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 142.11 mg kg−1. DNA damage, detected by the comet assay, was observed and there was a clear significant (R2 = 0.941) relationship between TCS concentrations and DNA damage, with the EC50 value of 8.85 mg kg−1. The expression levels of Hsp70 gene of earthworms were found to be up-regulated under the experimental conditions. The expression level of hsp70 gene increased, up to about 2.28 folds that in the control at 50 mg kg−1. The EC50 value based on the Hsp70 biomarker was 1.79 mg kg−1. Thus, among the three toxicity endpoints, the Hsp70 gene was more sensitive to TCS in soil.
While biological models of human personality propose that socio-affective traits and skills are rooted in the structure of the amygdala, empirical evidence remains sparse and inconsistent. Here, we used a comprehensive assessment of the affective personality and tested its association with global, local, and laterality measures of the amygdala structure. Results revealed three broad dimensions of the affective personality that were differentially related to bilateral amygdala structures. Dysfunctional and maladaptive affective traits were associated with a global size and local volume reduction of the amygdala, whereas adaptive emotional skills were linked to an increased size of the left amygdala. Furthermore, reduced asymmetry in the bilateral global amygdala volume was linked to higher affective instability and might be a potential precursor of psychiatric disorders. This study demonstrates that structural amygdala measures provide a neural basis for all major dimensions of the human personality related to adaptive and maladaptive socio-affective functioning.
We develop a clad foil current collector with a high tensile strength that endures a large volume change in the active material during the charge and discharge, such as the Si-based materials. The nano-Si negative electrode with the clad current collector retains 76% of the initial capacity after 40 cycles, while the capacity of the nano-Si electrode with a conventional Cu foil drops to less than 70% only after 10 cycles. A full cell with the SiO negative electrode and the LiFePO4 positive electrode retains more than 90% of its capacity at the 10th cycle after 800 cycles. The conventional rolled Cu foil wrinkles during the cycling test. The high-strength clad current foil hardly deforms during the test regardless of the electrode size.
Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanorods are synthesized using a facile and scalable method, i.e., decomposition of oxalate precursors which are obtained through a polyvinyl alcohol-assisted aqueous precipitation reaction. The ZnFe2O4 nanorods are further coated with carbon by self-polymerization of dopamine on the surfaces of the ZnFe2O4 nanorods followed by carbonization. The carbon layer on the ZnFe2O4 nanorods is homogeneous with the thickness of 3 to 5nm. The polydopamine-derived carbon coating greatly improves the electrochemical performances of the ZnFe2O4 nanorods, especially rate capability and cycling stability. When galvanostatic diacharging/charging at 0.5 and 2 A/g, the ZnFe2O4/carbon nanorod anode can deliver reversible capacities of 805 and 504 mAh/g, respectively, whereas the ZnFe2O4 nanorod anode only delivers the capacities of 616 and 154 mAh/g, respectively. Besides, the ZnFe2O4/carbon nanorod anode shows excellent cycling stability; no obvious capacity fading is observed at the current density of 1 A/g for 100 cycles. The improved electrochemical performances could be attributed to the enhanced electron conductivity of the ZnFe2O4 nanorods with the carbon layer, which is confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and scanning electron microscopic studies of the cycled electrodes.
Li-air batteries have attracted attention as a next generation secondary battery because of their potentials such as a high theoretical specific energy density. One of the main issues for the Li-air batteries is the development of a cathode oxygen electrode with high capacity and charge–discharge cycle stability. Here we report a manganese oxide with a card-house-like structure for the cathode oxygen electrode. The manganese oxide was synthesized by reassembling two-dimensional manganese oxide nanosheets. The cathode electrode containing the manganese oxide exhibited high catalytic activity for Li+/Li2O x (x =1, 2) redox reactions, and its discharge capacity was 1300–1500mAhg−1 catalyst, which was higher than that of Li-air batteries using electrolytic MnO2 as catalysts.