batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lithium manganese spinel, LiMn2O4 (LMO), is a well-established active material for batteries, in which charge is stored via a two-stage insertion of Li+ that manifests with coupled current peaks or voltage plateaus under voltammetric or galvanostatic conditions, respectively. The charge–discharge kinetics for LMO are significantly enhanced when the oxide is expressed in a nanoscale form, for example as an ultrathin coating of nanocrystallites at the surfaces of a 3D carbon substrate, such as fiber paper–supported carbon nanofoams (CNFs). In addition to expressing well-defined “battery-like” Li+-insertion peaks between ∼0.6 and 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl when cycled in aqueous lithium sulfate, LMO@CNF electrodes exhibit a pseudocapacitance envelop at more negative potentials (∼0.2–0.6 V). The pseudocapacitive character of LMO@CNF is further verified when cycled in aqueous sodium sulfate, where a broad capacitance envelop dominates the voltammetric response over the entire potential range at a current density an order of magnitude greater than expected for double-layer capacitance. Thus, the LMO@CNF electrode provides a prime example where multiple distinct charge-storage mechanisms are expressed in a single material. Herein, we apply voltammetry and impedance-based methods to deconvolve the respective contributions of double-layer capacitance, surface-based pseudocapacitance, and battery-like Li+ insertion. The use of power-law analysis provides a general assignment of transport dynamics, while projecting impedance data as 3D Bode-style representations provides key mechanistic information regarding the time/frequency–potential response of LMO@CNF electrodes.
The cycling performance of LiMn2O4 at room and elevated temperatures is improved by FePO4 modification through chemical deposition method. The pristine and FePO4-coated LiMn2O4 materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Their cycling performances are thoroughly investigated and compared. The 3wt.% FePO4-coated LiMn2O4 exhibits capacity losses of only 32% and 34% at room temperature and 55°C, respectively, after 80 cycles, much better than those of the pristine material, 55% and 72%. The cyclic voltammograms at 55°C reveal that the improvement in the cycling performance of FePO4-coated LiMn2O4 electrodes can be attributed to the stabilization of spinel structures. The separation of FePO4 between active materials and electrolyte and its interaction with SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film are believed to account for the improved performances.
In order to ensure the efficient, reliable, and safe operation of the lithium-ion battery system, an accurate battery state-of-health estimation is essential and remaining challenges. Here we propose a novel data-model fusion battery state-of-health estimation approach based on open-circuit-voltage parametric modeling considering the correlation between capacity degradation and the open-circuit-voltage changes. An open-circuit-voltage model is built to capture the aging behavior associated with the reactions progress in the cell. Then the battery state-of-health estimation approach is developed based on the correlation between capacity fade and the changes of the open-circuit-voltage model parameters. In addition, a data-driven based method is applied to identify the parameters of the proposed battery model to obtain the open-circuit-voltage online. The proposed state-of-health estimation approach has been verified by the cells experienced different aging paths. The results show that the average relative errors of the state-of-health estimation for all cells are less than 3% against different aging paths and levels.
Silicon composite anodes are attractive candidates to replace present day carbonaceous anodes. In particular, silicon possess the highest theoretical capacity in an appropriate potential window, it is abundant and environmentally friendly. The present work consists of a systematic investigation of the influence of parameters during composite electrode fabrication. The following factors have been considered: SBR content, CMC content, slurry water content, drying temperature, and pressing force. A full factorial 25 experimental design was applied, considering two response variables: achieved cycle number at fixed capacity cycling test (y 1), and maximal observed coulombic efficiency (y 2). All statistically significant factors and their interactions have been identified.
Rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs) are receiving interest as promising energy storage devices owing to their high theoretical energy density. One of the major challenges in developing rechargeable ZABs is the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution (ORR/OER) on the air electrode during battery discharging and charging. Here, we report on a composite air electrode consisting of a Mn-Co mixed oxide electrocatalyst film on a carbon gas diffusion layer synthesized via anodic electrodeposition. The Mn-Co oxides have a fibrous structure and exhibit high catalytic activity towards both ORR and OER. ZAB test results show that the catalyst reduces the discharge-charge voltage gap and improves the round-trip efficiency in comparison with the baseline Pt-Ru/C catalyst. Furthermore, the catalyst remains stable for repeated cycles.
Composite materials, obtained by depositing sub-micron size particles of SnCu x and SnSb x on the surface of carbonaceous mesophase spherules (CMS), can endure the large volume effect of alloy host for lithium insertion and extraction. The alloy/C composites deliver large reversible capacities (430mAhg−1 for SnSb x /CMS, 390mAhg−1 for SnCu x /CMS); the capacity retention at the 30th cycle is 90% for SnSb x /CMS and 95.2% for SnCu x /CMS, respectively. They are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Temperature is an important factor influencing the electrochemical performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) cells, higher temperature always result to worser performance of Li-ion cells. To deal with this problem, diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDMS) was introduced into a 1M LiPF6-based EC:EMC:DMC (1:1:1, by volume) electrolyte due to its multifunctional Si-O bonds. Adding 1wt.% DPDMS greatly increased the capacity retention of a Li/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (Li/NCM622) half-cell at 55°C (93.3% after 200 cycles). Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements cconfirmed that the polarization and impedance of the cells were largely reduced upon adding DPDMS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that DPDMS alleviates the electrolyte decomposition and the dissolution of transition metals on the cathode surface; the results also indicated that the Si-O bond of DPDMS plays an important role in modifying the cathode electrolyte interface by complexing with HF or PF5 species in the electrolyte. Additionally, the presence of 1wt.% DPDMS greatly minimized the potential drop of Li/NCM622 half-cell in high-temperature storage tests and the electrolyte maintained a stable pH value after storage for 21 days. These results provide further evidence for the improved electrochemical performance of cells containing DPDMS.
Purpose Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a major impact on physical health, the specific impact of COPD on physical functional limitations has not been characterized clearly. We aimed to elucidate the physical functional limitations that are directly attributable to COPD compared to a matched referent group without the condition. Methods We used the Function, Living, Outcomes, and Work (FLOW) cohort study of adults with COPD (n=1202) and referent subjects matched by age, sex, and race (n=302) to study the impact of COPD on the risk of a broad array of functional limitations using validated measures: lower extremity function (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), submaximal exercise performance (Six Minute Walk Test [SMWT]), standing balance (Functional Reach Test), skeletal muscle strength (manual muscle testing with dynamometry), and self-reported functional limitation (standardized item battery). Multivariate analysis was used to control for confounding by age, sex, race, height, educational attainment, and cigarette smoking. Results COPD was associated with poorer lower extremity function (mean SPPB score decrement for COPD vs referent −1.0 points; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.73 pts) and less distance walked during the SMWT (−334 feet; 95% CI, −384 to −282 ft). COPD also was associated with weaker muscle strength in every muscle group tested, including both the upper and lower extremities (P<.0001 in all cases) and with a greater risk of self-reported functional limitation (OR 6.4; 95% CI, 3.7 to 10.9). Conclusions A broad array of physical functional limitations were specifically attributable to COPD. COPD affects a multitude of body systems remote from the lung.
Small woody features (SWF; tree lines and small woods) in agricultural landscapes provide a substitute for forest conditions for a wide range of species and a suitable edge habitat for ecotone species. The importance of SWF for biodiversity is usually inferred from presence or abundance data for small animals. Although large animals, due to their lower density are less likely to be attributed with SWF, they may depend on these areas to effectively utilize the agricultural landscape matrix.
Nowadays, although the lithium-ion batteries have been widely applied in the context of electric vehicles for passengers, lead-acid batteries are still prevalent in motive-power applications, such as electric pallet jacks and laser guided vehicles. The battery cost is the main disadvantage that limits the employment of lithium-ion solutions in such applications. Several strategies for reducing the battery life cycle cost have been discussed in the scientific literature. The opportunity charging is one of them, even though it is suitable only for batteries having high lifecycles and high charging/discharging rates, such as the Lithium Titanium Oxide ones. This paper aims at assessing a feasible solution to reduce the life cycle cost of the energy storage units for laser guided vehicles. A tool has been proposed to analyze the Total Cost of Ownership of batteries, under the adoption of an opportunity charging strategy. Simulations of energy consumption have also been included, to predict the battery cycles and the operation costs. The life cycle analysis has investigated the use of a compacted Lithium Titanium Oxide battery in comparison with a traditional lead-acid battery. The results have shown the feasibility of the Lithium Titanium Oxide solution and its economic advantage in an industrial context.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a home-based intervention targeted to parents with intellectual disability to promote child health and home safety in the preschool years. A total of 63 parents were recruited for the study with 45 parents (40 mothers and 5 fathers) from 40 families completing the project. The research design permitted comparison between the intervention and three alternative conditions with all parents receiving the intervention in an alternating sequence over the life of the project. The intervention consisted of 10 weekly lessons carried out in the parent’s home focusing on child health and home safety. The program was adapted to suit the Australian context from the UCLA Parent–Child Health and Wellness Project (Tymchuk, Groen, & Dolyniuk, 2000). Outcome measures assessed parental health and safety behaviours. Standard measures included parental health, intelligence and literacy. The intervention improved parents’ ability to recognize home dangers, to identify precautions to deal with these dangers and resulted in a significant increase in the number of safety precautions parents implemented in their homes with all gains being maintained at 3 months post-intervention. Parents’ health behaviours including improved understanding of health and symptoms of illness, knowledge of and skills needed to manage life-threatening emergencies, knowledge about visiting the doctor, knowing when to call, what information to provide and what questions to ask, and how to use medicines safely significantly increased. Again, all gains were maintained 3 months post-intervention. The intervention was effective regardless of parental health, literacy skills, and IQ. This form of home-based intervention promotes a healthy and safe environment which is a prerequisite to continuing parental custody.
Accordion-like graphites prepared by exfoliation of a low temperature graphite fluoride were fluorinated using F2 gas at various temperatures. The fluorinated exfoliated graphite exhibits unusual dual CF bonding, i.e. weakened covalent and covalent. This bonding allows the discharge potential at the beginning of the electrochemical processes to be increased. Moreover, the accordion-like texture avoids partial exfoliation and loss of the electrical contact for some parts of the electrode, and allows the growth of LiF particles in the opened macro-porosity.
We successfully synthesized the novel hierarchical shuttle-like Li2FeSiO4 using one step hydrothermal method with ethylene glycol assisted. The growth mechanism of the shuttle-like Li2FeSiO4 constructed of nanosingle crystals was discussed and its electrochemical performance as a cathode material for lithium ion battery was investigated. Astonishingly, the 1st discharge specific capacity of the new material without carbon coating was 180.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C with a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency of 97.5%, and an improved high-rate capability (71.0 mA h g−1 at 2 C) was offered which is comparable to the commonly carbon-coated Li2FeSiO4. Moreover, it exhibited a very stable discharge specific capacity at current densities from 0.1 to 2 C. Its excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the significantly improved diffusion coefficient of lithium ions (5.6421 * 10−11 cm2 s−1), which was greatly larger than the reported carbon-coated Li2FeSiO4 nanocomposites and diatomic metallic ions (Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) doped Li2FeSiO4. These indicate the shuttle-like Li2FeSiO4 is a very promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Fe2O3 and ZnO.Fe3O4 hybrids has been synthesised by molten salt method and tested as anode material for Li-ion batteries. The crystal structure and phase purity was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the morphology of the final powders was examined by the Scanning electron microscopy. The Li-cycling properties of Fe2O3 and ZnO-Fe3O4 were studied by cyclic voltammery (58μV s−1) and galvanostatic discharge-charge cycling in the voltage range, 0.005- 3V at a current of 60mAg−1. The Fe2O3 samples prepared at 280°C and 900°C showed stable reversible capacities of 600 and 620mAhg−1 at the end of 50 cycles respectively. On the other hand, ZnO.Fe3O4 hybrids showed improved and stable capacity of 820mAhg−1 at the end of the 50th cycle.
Invasive species alter ecosystem structure and function when they establish in new habitats. Although preventing or managing invasions is extremely important for maintaining biodiversity, doing so is difficult and requires efficient intervention. Remote monitoring of free-living animals with electronic tags (i.e. tags that transmit data remotely or log them for future retrieval) can contribute important knowledge about invasive animal biology. A quantitative literature review identified instances in which electronic tagging has contributed to studying invasions. Electronic tags were generally used for one of four purposes: (1) characterize spatial ecology; (2) identify interactions; (3) assess risk potential; or (4) evaluate management options. Overall, electronic tags have considerable potential for developing, refining, and evaluating invasion management strategies that contribute to conservation efforts. We explore the role of electronic tags as a component of integrated control program design and implementation for invasive animals.
Layered cathode materials with the nominal compositions of (1−2x)LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2·xLi[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2·xLiCoO2 (0≤ x ≤0.5) were synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction on the basis of good structural compatibility between the three layered compounds, LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2, Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2, and LiCoO2. Increasing contents of Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 and LiCoO2 in the materials decreased the occupancy of transitional metal ions in Li layers and thus remarkably improved electrochemical performances; but it also brought about an irreversible initial charge plateau when x reached 0.3. The comparative studies on cooling rates showed that different cooling rates in the material preparation hardly gave different electrode performances.
We report a strategy to enhance the cycling performance of a Ti-Si alloy anode by coating it with Polydopamine (PDA) as an adhesive and elastic polymer layer. The PDA was coated on a Ti-Si alloy prepared using the mechanical alloying method. The PDA coating is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PDA coated Ti-Si alloy shows improved cycling performance with enhanced coulombic efficiency during cycling. Because the PDA coating suppresses direct contact between the Ti-Si alloy and the electrolyte during charge-discharge cycling and, hence, the initially formed SEI film remains in a stable state during cycling. After 50 cycles, the SEI layer formed on the alloy particles is much thicker in the bare alloy electrode than in the PDA coated alloy electrode. This result is supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images before cycling and after 50 cycles.
Websites can be effective vehicles for firms to communicate with their customers but the use of websites has been limited to pacifying complaint customers. To better use a website’s information, this research presents a framework for extracting customer opinions from websites and transforming them into product specification data. For the purpose, firstly, customer opinions were collected from an online customer center and then transformed into customer needs using text-mining. Then, after customers were segmented into several groups based on their needs, relations among their needs were visualized by co-word analysis and product specifications to meet those needs t analyzed by decision tree. Lastly, a final target product specification for new products were determined and a target market was identified based on customer profile data. The suggested framework enables to incorporate customer opinions efficiently with new product development processes and to design online customer centers to better collect and analyze useful information.
Abstract The occupants of all buildings have a right to healthy indoor air. However the air in buildings can contain a range of pollutants that adversely affect the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, nervous, and respiratory systems of the human body. Exposure lowers physical and mental health, well-being, and productivity with social, political, and economic consequences. Providing plenty of fresh air is not always a solution because it has energy and carbon penalties. This article highlights the benefits of acceptable indoor air quality, and provides methods of identifying exposure to pollutants and controlling them to keep occupants of buildings, happy, healthy, and productive.
Use of gas-recombining noble metal catalysts in valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) cells has added a new dimension to the design of these products. In standby ‘float’ operation, there appears be some difficulty in uniformly charging a VRLA battery string. This may be due to oxygen recombination promoting a depolarized negative that continues to self-discharge. While use of catalysts for VRLA cells has been explored for quite some time, realization that there is a lack of stoichiometry in oxygen and hydrogen evolution did not promote focused investigation in this direction. However, recent data shows that inserting a catalyst in the headspace changes the dynamics of the oxygen recombination reaction — recombination is suppressed at the negative plate and diverted to the surface of the catalyst. This changed dynamics overcomes the problem of negative self-discharge and ensures effective recharge of VRLA battery strings on float. This paper reviews the experimental work from C&D, which culminated in the commercialization of catalyst-equipped VRLA cells in long-life products. A laboratory device for investigating the quality of catalysts is also discussed.
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a comprehensive methodology able to offer appropriate topics into primary and secondary school teaching, motivating students to study science and technology. Our project is based on concrete experimental activities with textile materials linked to the daily life. To wake up pupils’ attention by means of their positive emotional feeling and to encourage their interest in the curriculum, we prepared accompanying video clip illustrating practical applications of acquired knowledge and their importance in the students’ further life. This is supported by worksheets, teaching aids, multimedia and e-learning created in the project.
Due to the increasing interest on the Li-ion battery aging studies among researchers, there are numerous battery degradation models presented in literature. However, they are either focused on a single technology, form factor or scale. This can be challenging for researchers that typically have to bridge multiple technologies and are interested in crossing multiple scales, from material-level, to cell and module/pack level. This paper explores the models presented for Li-ion battery degradation in different scales from the material level to the application level. In each scale, the main aging variables are summarized, the mathematical presentation of models are analyzed and the merits and disadvantages of each scale is discussed. This review aims at bringing together methods and results for multiple technologies, form factors for the most common Li-ion battery technologies.
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) attract much attention as a new type of environmentally benign electrolytes for Li-ion batteries due to their numerous interesting physicochemical properties. Here, in this paper, Li intercalation/deintercalation in presence of the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR14TFSI) and N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR13FSI) containing 0.3 M LiTFSI, was evaluated in a thin 100 nm layer of V2O5 deposited on Al substrate by atomic layer deposition. Potentiodynamic tests performed in LiTFSI/Pyr14TFSI show a quasi-reversible Li intercalation during 10 cycles (between 2.4 and 5 V) with an average coulombic efficiency of 99%. The capacity, calculated from the 1st cycle, is found to be 182 mAh g−1, about 19% (±2%) higher than the theoretical capacity reported for V2O5 (147 mAh g−1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms that the intercalation of more than 1 mol of Li+ per V2O5 is achieved as also the possible presence of a solid permeable interface (SPI) layer on the V2O5 surface. Likewise, the Li+ in-depth distribution on the V2O5 layer after intercalation in RTILs measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry ion depth profiles, show small irreversible electrode modifications with the presence of lithium through the entire V2O5 layer with significant lithium trapping at the V2O5 layer/Al substrate interface.