batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The production of electricity from renewable sources plays a strategic role in the future of energy because it helps to effectively manage climate change through an energy generation portfolio with lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Photovoltaic solar energy is safe and sustainable and is characterised by a growing trend with a cumulative installed capacity that has reached a total of 40GW in 2010. In this paper, investigations are presented using multiple calculations: Energy Payback Time (EPBT), Greenhouse Gas per kilowatt hour (GHG/kWh), Energy Return on Investment (EROI), Greenhouse Gas Payback Time (GPBT) and Greenhouse Gas Return on Investment (GROI). These metrics make it possible to define the energy and environmental performances for a building-integrated photovoltaic system located in Italy. The module efficiency, the embodied energy and the annual solar irradiance are variables that play a strong role in this analysis. The key parameters include the type of solar cells (e.g., mono-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride) and the location where the system is installed (Milan, Rome and Palermo). The results determine whether solar energy has a viable strategic role in the global energy market.
The concept of biomarkers of aging and age-related disease dates to the early 1980s as scientists engaged in aging research worked to clearly define aging and separate processes from disease with better prediction of both as an objective. The concept of basic aging processes, separate from disease, was then, and still is, not universally accepted. While the search for biomarkers of aging has a relatively long and difficult history, the search for biomarkers of disease is conceptually more straightforward. The biomarkers discussed in this issue are generally easier to understand, can be related to relevant functions, and often are the product of concentrated research interest. Further, these biomarkers could lead to earlier and more successful treatments and thus are often of very immediate interest. After a long period of concentration on lifespan extension and longevity by basic biologists, there is now a growing interest in healthspan research. The reviews in this issue provide a strong rationale for increased interchange between basic biologists and their clinical colleagues.
Electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries have gained great attention in recent years due to their capacity to provide high energy density. The electrolyte has played a key role in the advancement of this technology and recently, aqueous chloride-based electrolytes have been demonstrated as a possible alternative to the traditional alkaline system. This study investigates, for the first time, the selection of an optimal bifunctional air electrode (BAE) formulation in two aqueous chloride-based electrolytes (pH4 and pH8) for zinc-air batteries. The effect of different MnxOy-based catalysts and carbon materials with different electrode formulations are electrochemically analyzed in the two electrolytic systems. The BAE formulation containing 20 wt% γ-MnO2, 70 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 10 wt% PTFE demonstrated the lowest overpotential, among all studied formulations, in both electrolytes. The cycling tests carried out using the selected electrode formulation, at both pH4 and pH8, reveal stable discharge-charge cycling over 400 h with an overpotential lower than 1.1 V. Moreover, the absence of manganese dissolution for the pH8 electrolyte is confirmed by ICP analysis, which overcomes the issue concerning the dissolution of manganese in more acidic media. Contrary to what is stated in conventional alkaline zinc-air batteries, where α-MnO2 is the most promising catalyst, this study highlights the potential of γ-MnO2-based BAEs when using aqueous chloride-based electrolyte.
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium bromide (NaBr) complexed with sulfuric acid (SA) at different weight percent ratios were prepared using solution cast technique. The structural properties of these electrolyte films were examined by XRD studies. The XRD data revealed that sulfuric acid disrupt the semi-crystalline nature of (PVA)0.7(NaBr)0.3 and convert it into an amorphous phase. AC conductivity and dielectric spectra of the electrolyte were studied with changing sulfuric acid content from 0.87 to 3.4molesl−1 (M). The highest conductivity of (PVA)0.7(NaBr)0.3 matrix at room temperature was 1.12×10−6 Scm−1 and this increased to 6×10−4 Scm−1 with doping by 2.6M sulfuric acid. The electrical conductivity (σ) and dielectric permittivity (ɛ′) of the solid polymer electrolyte in frequency range (100Hz to 100kHz) and temperature range (300–400K) were carried out. The electrolyte with the highest electrical conductivity was used in the fabrication of a magnesium battery with the configuration Mg/SPE/MnO2. The fabricated cells give capacities of 4.85mAhg−1 and have an internal resistance of 900Ω.
In the physics of two-dimensional materials, notion semi-Dirac dispersion denotes electronic dispersion which is Dirac-like along one direction in the reciprocal space, and quadratic along the orthogonal direction. In our earlier publication (Damljanović and Gajić in J Phys Condens Matter 29:185503, 2017) we have shown that certain layer groups are particularly suitable for hosting semi-Dirac dispersion in the vicinity of some points in the Brillouin zone (BZ). In the present paper we have considered tight-binding model up to seventh nearest neighbors, on a structure belonging to layer group Dg5. According to our theory, this group should host semi-Dirac dispersion at A and B points in the BZ. The structure has four atoms per primitive cell, and it is isostructural with sublattice occupied by phosphorus atoms in the layered material SnPSe
MnO/C composites with hollow porous structure have been successfully synthesized by a facile biotemplating method combine with chemical bath deposition (CBD) method followed by calcination treatment. The natural porous lotus pollen grains are used as the biotemplate as well as the carbon source. The biological carbon could effectively enhance the electrical conductivity of MnO and cushion the strain arising from the charge/discharge cycles. Due to the unique structure, MnO/C composites exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 730mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.1Ag−1 with excellent cycling stability. Even at a high current density of 3Ag−1, a remarkable reversible capacity of 430mAhg−1 could still be delivered.
Publisher Summary This chapter examines the mathematical concepts of lean Six Sigma (6σ) engineering strategies. The chapter begins with a description of process modeling, which is the heart of lean six sigma. In mathematical terms, this is expressed as the value of the dependent variable response Y change as a function of independent variables or adjustable variables like x1, x2, x3 . . ., xn of n quantitative factors such that output equals f(input) . Here f is called response function and Y is a dependent variable (in Six Sigma terms strategic objective measurement values or symptom) and x is an independent variable (or cause). The next mathematical concept of lean Six Sigma engineering strategies described in the chapter is that of normal distribution. Following this, the chapter explains many other forms of distributions, such as t-distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, and hypergeometric distribution. Subsequently, normal tests (Kurtosis and Anderson) are explained. Finally, the chapter deals with reliability engineering and estimation.
Studies concerning the use of thermoelectric effect for the conversion of thermal energy into electricity have become increasingly numerous since applications of the thermoelectric phenomenon can be limitless. Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) have shown promising results in combustion vehicles, with an overall efficiency increment from 33% to 57%, in addition to an increase of 6% in the available power in an automobile. In the aerospace industry, thermoelectric devices have been employed due to the need of making the most of the available energy. Thermoelectric modules are also used in the harvest of waste heat in wood stoves, furnace walls, and industrial chimneys. In Bioengineering, there are applications for small-scale generation including the use of heat from the human body to feed microelectronic devices and autonomous sensors. Therefore, the article shows a review of the use of thermoelectricity for the energy harvesting, beginning with the main concepts and definitions on the subject, followed by the state of the art containing the main methods and advances in science and technology for the development and application of solid-state micro-generators to capture residual energies.
Through thermal decomposition of hybrid carbonate (Cu, Co)2(OH)2CO3 precursors synthesized by a simple carbonate-assisted hydrothermal method, porous hierarchical Co3O4/CuO composites with different ratios of Co to Cu were successfully fabricated. A cooperative self-assembly effect of different carbonates has been proposed to explain the formation of nanosheets assembled hierarchical (Cu, Co)2(OH)2CO3 precursor. Electrochemical lithium storage properties of all the composites are evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. It is found that the ratio of Co to Cu plays a vital role in affecting the morphology, structure and subsequent electrochemical performance of the Co3O4/CuO composites. Owing to the superior porous hierarchical structure and synergistic lithium storage effect of both active electrode materials, the Co3O4/CuO composites demonstrate higher capacities and enhanced cycling stability compared to pure Co3O4 or CuO electrodes. The Co3O4/CuO composite (Co: Cu=6: 1) electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 1056mAhg−1 at a current density of 200mAg−1 for 500 cycles. With the superior electrochemical performance and easy preparation, the porous hierarchical Co3O4/CuO composites demonstrate promising application potential as anode materials for next generation high performance LIBs.
Publisher Summary This chapter concentrates on the practical differences between digital and film cameras— differences in cost and design; the way the picture is stored and retrieved; and what to expect in terms of image quality. Digital cameras don't use film, otherwise many of their features—viewfinder, image-forming lens, aperture, flash—are the same or are closely related to film-based equipment. In fact most “top-end” digital camera makers such as Nikon and Canon have made use of their host 35 mm SLR bodies for their range of digital cameras. Others take the form of a digital array sensor contained in a back replacing the detachable film magazine on a medium format SLR camera or the film holder on a view camera. Instead of film a digital camera has a CCD (charge-couple device) or a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) sensor, which consists of a grid of phototransistors to sense the intensity of the light across the plane of focus. CMOS sensors are slightly different from CCD sensors in that they generally use less power and have a different kind of light-sensing material. When one shoots on film they can choose between two different types: daylight or tungsten-balanced film. When shooting digitally the white balance (i.e. color temperature) of the image is normally calculated automatically by the camera. The sensors found in most digital cameras are much smaller than a 35 mm frame, some as tiny as 7 × 5 mm. Different file formats such as TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), RAW, and JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) are explored.
Most developing countries include rural electrification programs in their efforts to improve social conditions. There are, however, several obstacles to the evaluation of such programs and therefore of their social, economic, environmental and energy impacts on the target population, particularly on impoverished communities located in remote areas. Evaluation of the efficacy of public policies aimed at rural electrification in South Africa, China, India and Brazil enables such actions to be quantified and re-considered so as to bolster the sustainability of their planning and implementation and also so as to enable comprehension of the significance of access to electricity in relation to other aspects of the drive to improve living standards. The provision of electric energy amounts to more than access to a public service and should be considered an essential right, in a context of social equity and justice, which permits social integration and the access to other equally essential services.
Flower-like CoMoO4/MnO2 heterostructures have been prepared directly on Ni foam with outstanding pseudocapacitive performance. The heterostructure electrode yields a high capacitance and superior cycling stability performance. Furthermore, the as-fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor device based on CoMoO4/MnO2 positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) negative electrode can operate within a maximum potential of 1.6V delivering both high energy density and power density, which are better than that of the CoMoO4//AC, MnO2//AC, and AC//AC bared density. In addition, the CoMoO4/MnO2//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device demonstrates highly stable cyclic performance with outstanding and robust flexibility. These encouraging results show great potential in developing energy storage devices by building heterostructure nanomaterials.
The dependence of the mean kinetic energy of laser-accelerated relativistic electrons (REs) on the laser intensity, so-called ponderomotive scaling, explains well the experimental results to date; however, this scaling is no longer applicable to multi-picosecond (multi-ps) laser experiments. Here, the production of REs was experimentally investigated via multi-ps relativistic laser–plasma-interaction (LPI). The lower slope temperature shows little dependence on the pulse duration and is close to the ponderomotive scaling value, while the higher slope temperature appears to be affected by the pulse duration. The higher slope temperature is far beyond the ponderomotive scaling value, which indicates super-ponderomotive REs (SP-REs). Simulation and experimental evidence are provided to indicate that the SP-REs are produced by LPI in an under-critical plasma, where a large quasi-static electromagnetic field grows rapidly after a threshold timing during multi-ps LPI.
The electrochemical behavior of a poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) cathode in organic radical batteries with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI/BMPTFSI) ionic liquid electrolytes is investigated. The ionic liquid electrolytes containing a high concentration of the LiTFSI salt have a high polarity, preventing the dissolution of the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and PTMA in the electrolytes. The results of cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance indicate that an increase in the LiTFSI concentration results in a decrease in the impedance of the lithium electrode, which affects the C-rate performance of batteries. The discharge capacity of the PTMA composite electrode in a 0.6m LiTFSI/BMPTFSI electrolyte is 92.9mAhg−1 at 1C; its C-rate performance exhibits a capacity retention, 100C/1C, of 88.3%. Moreover, the battery with the 0.6-m LiTFSI/BMPTFSI electrolyte has very good cycle-life performance.
Despite recent worldwide research efforts, composite silicon-based anodes remain at the centre of debate in the field of lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrated that successful development of composite silicon-based anodes requires the simultaneous consideration of two equally important features: fundamental and technological. The fundamental feature dictates that the in situ formed amorphous phase should remain in its amorphous state in order to achieve a long-lasting reversible electrode, while the technological feature implies that the complex active material–binder interactions have to be numerically evaluated in order to tailor the electrode properties in an appropriate way. Only the harmonic consideration of both aspects allows creation of a long-lasting reversible silicon electrode. Examples demonstrating these features are considered and lithium-ion batteries employing hybrid silicon-based electrodes are proposed.
N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr1,2O1TFSI)-based electrolyte is used in Li/S cells, and a series of electrolyte with binary Pyr1,2O1TFSI-1,3-dioxolane (DOL) or Pyr1,2O1TFSI-1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent is investigated, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide lithium (LiFSI) is further used as the additive. The effect of Pyr1,2O1TFSI is studied in terms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV) as well as electrochemical measurement. The results show that using 1molkg−1 bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide lithium (LiTFSI)/Pyr1,2O1TFSI-DOL (65:35w/w) with 1wt % LiFSI electrolyte leads to the most stable cycling and decent capacity performance, along with high coulombic efficiency.
Absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators play a key role in enhancing the cycle life of the valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries by maintaining the elastic characteristics under a defined level of compression force with the plates of the electrodes. Inevitably, there are inherent challenges to maintain the required level of compression characteristics of AGM separators during the charge and discharge of the battery. Herein, we report a three-dimensional (3D) analytical model for predicting the compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators by formulating a direct relationship with the constituent fiber and structural parameters. The analytical model of compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators has successfully included the fiber slippage criterion and internal friction losses. The presented work uses, for the first time, 3D data of fiber orientation from X-ray micro-computed tomography, for predicting the compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators. A comparison has been made between the theoretical and experimental results of compression-recovery behavior of AGM samples with defined fiber orientation characteristics. In general, the theory agreed reasonably well with the experimental results of AGM samples in both dry and wet states. Through theoretical modeling, fiber volume fraction was established as one of the key structural parameters that modulates the compression hysteresis of an AGM separator.
A 1-D monohybrid of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets, graphene wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (gC) structure, synthesized in a template-free simple chemical vapor deposition technique without any chemical functionalization, was employed as efficient anode material for Li ion battery. Graphene nanosheets affixed to the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) surface by van der Waal's attraction gives a wrinkled surface to the final 1-D gC configuration. The protrusions on the surface of the tube enhances the porosity of the system and also acts as defects, enhancing lithium adsorption sites while the inner MWNT core gives high electrical conductivity, resulting enhanced electrochemical performance of 373mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 current density after 150 cycles.
This study dwells upon two key aspects of cell sorting including what descriptors should be concerned and how stringent the limits of these descriptors should be. Evaluation is made on a parallel multi-cell block using an electric circuit modelling (ECM) approach, which features a model validation based on separate current tracking of each cell in the parallel cell block via Hall sensors, and a detailed comparison of methods to determine model parameters. We find that: (1) the ECM can accurately capture the current balancing behavior in the parallel block; (2) the current interrupt method with a rest duration of 120s is recommended for the determination of cell resistance; (3) the current distribution in the parallel block is insensitive to the hysteresis in open circuit voltage (OCV); (4) cell-to-cell variations decrease the capacity of the block (5) a descriptor accounting for aging variations among cells is suggested to be included in the cell sorting process and the OCV drop rate can be a potential candidate.
Metals are involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species and can induce oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of several metals on oxidative stress in the skin and muscle of the Pelophylax esculentus “complex” frogs (parental species Pelophylax ridibundus, Pelophylax lessonae, and their hybrid Pelophylax esculentus) that inhabit the wetland Obedska Bara in Serbia, and the potential use of these species as bioindicator organisms in biomonitoring studies. The biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR, GST activities and GSH, SH concentrations) and cholinesterase activity were investigated. The concentrations of nine metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) were measured in the water and tissues. Correlations were established between metals and biomarkers in the tissues. The results of metal accumulation distinguished the skin of P. lessonae and muscle of P. ridibundus from other P. esculentus complex species. The oxidative stress biomarkers observed in P. ridibundus and P. esculentus had greater similarity than in P. lessonae. The P. lessonae displayed the highest number of correlations between biomarkers and metals. The results of tissue responses revealed that skin was more susceptible to metal-induced oxidative stress, with only exception of As. In the light of these findings, we can suggest the use of P. esculentus complex species as a biomonitoring species in studies of metal accumulation and metal-induced oxidative stress, but with special emphasis on P. lessonae.
A year-long program of Neurocognitive Enhancement Therapy (NET) was used to remediate cognitive deficits in people with schizophrenia who were participating in a vocational program. Seventy-two stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, recruited from an urban community mental health center were randomly assigned to a twelve-month vocational program (VOC) or NET+VOC. The vocational program had characteristics of individual placement and support (IPS) programs but also included transitional funding. NET included computer-based cognitive training exercises, a social information processing group and a work feedback group. Sixty-two participants completed a neuropsychological test battery before and after treatment. After one year of treatment, participants receiving NET+VOC had significantly greater improvements on measures of executive function and working memory than did participants in the VOC only condition. Augmenting vocational services with a multifaceted cognitive remediation program may improve cognition in participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.