batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This study evaluates a school-based primary prevention intervention designed to promote adolescents’ coping in the immediate aftermath of war exposure in Operation Cast Lead. Participants were 179 adolescents from two demographically similar schools in Ashkelon in south Israel. The intervention incorporated two previously proven resilience factors—mobilization of support and self-efficacy. In a repeated measures design, the study assessed pre- to post-test changes in intervention (n = 94) and control (n = 85) conditions among adolescents exposed to high or low political life events (PLE). Findings showed significant pre-test differences in self-efficacy and psychological symptoms between participants with low and high PLE. For both PLE groups, the intervention strengthened support mobilization and self-efficacy and reduced psychological distress and emotional symptoms. Findings reinforce the importance of offering appropriate evidence-based interventions for school staff to restore security and well-being to adolescents in a crisis context immediately following war. Despite the apparent return to a school routine after war, school staff should be aware of the risk to youth for development of psychological symptoms and disorders, and the need for preventative intervention.
A novel ternary composite system (polyaniline-acetylene black-manganese cobaltite) was prepared and various analysis like XRD, FTIR, UV, SEM, EDS confirmed their successful formation. The EDLC nature of AB and pseudocapacitive nature of PANI and MC provide excellent electrochemical activity to the hybrid system. The calculated areal capacitance of ternary electrode at 1 mA/cm2 is 1.51 F/cm2. The areal capacitance of ternary composite based symmetric supercapacitor at 1 mA/cm2 is 0.35 F/cm2. Specific power and specific energy achieved by PAMC based symmetric supercapacitor are 2352 W/kg and 18.203 Wh/kg, respectively. Ternary electrode has the least charge transfer resistance i.e. 3.29 Ω. The promising results of ternary hybrid system make it a suitable candidate for supercapacitor applications.
Macrophages are the main cells responsible for the innate immunity, and their activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria or interferon (IFN)-γ from host immune cells is important for controlling infections. However, the overwhelming activation of macrophages can cause a severe inflammatory state. This study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of xanthohumol (XN) against the inflammatory effectors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS) in activated RAW264.7 macrophages by using different stimuli such as LPS, IFN-γ, or LPS plus IFN-γ. XN is a major prenylated chalcone found in hops, which is used to add bitterness and flavor to beer. XN reduced the expression of the LPS receptor components such as TLR4 and MD2 resulting in the suppression of NF-κB activation in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In the IFN-γ stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the binding activity of STAT-1α and IRF-1 was inhibited by XN. This suggests that differential signaling pathways are used by XN for the inhibition of excess inflammatory mediators depending on the stimuli in macrophages.
Growing pace of urban living is expected to simultaneously aggravate both the waste and the energy crises. This study presents feasibility assessment of a community scale hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) utilising biomass to serve the local energy needs while reducing the household solid waste volume. A modelling framework is presented and evaluated for a biomass HRES, comprising of a Wind turbine-PV Array-Biogas generator-Battery system, applied to two European cities - Gateshead (UK) and Sofia (Bulgaria) - accounting for their distinct domestic biowaste profiles, renewable resources and energy practices. Biogas generator is found to make the most substantial share of electricity generation (up to 60–65% of total), hence offering a stable community-scale basal electricity generation potential, alongside reduction in disposal costs of local solid waste. Net present cost for the biomass-integrated HRESs is found within 5% of each other, despite significant differences in the availability of solar and wind resources at the two sites. Based on a survey questionnaire targeting construction companies and energy solution developers, project costs and planning regulatory red tapes were identified as the two common implementation challenges in both the countries, with lack of awareness of HRES as a further limitation in Bulgaria, impeding wider uptake of this initiative.
Mesocarbon microbead (MCMB 2528) and CC composite have been investigated as anodes for lithium-ion batteries using half-cells with lithium counter electrode and three electrode cell systems containing LiCoO2 cathode and lithium reference electrodes in 1M LiPF6 electrolyte (EC/DMC 1:1 v/v). The test results show that the practical capacity of CC composite anode is 50% higher than that of MCMB-based anode (based on total anode weight). The irreversible capacity loss of CC composite is significantly lower than that of MCMB carbon. Lithium-ion cells made with CC composite anode can accept repeated overdischarge without performance deterioration. The extra capacity of CC composite can be utilized to improve energy density and safety issues related to overcharge of lithium-ion cells. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicates that the thermal stability of fully charged CC composite anode (lithiated anode) is much better than that of fully charged MCMB anode.
Aim To evaluate the impact of orthostatic load for sensitivity of short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) assessment of potential early autonomic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Methods Comparison of results of short-term time- and frequency-domain analysis of HRV during single positions and during modified orthostatic load (supine 1–standing–supine 2, each position 300 s) in diabetic subjects with good glycemic control (n=80, age 38±14, diabetes duration 16±10 years) and without autonomic neuropathy as assessed by a standard bedside reflex test battery, and in nondiabetic controls (n=150, age 40±13 years). Results None of the short-term frequency-domain parameters [absolute and logarithmic (LN) values of spectral powers in total- (TF), low- (LF), and high-frequency (HF) bands and its centroid frequencies] as obtained in single positions “supine” or “standing” revealed a significant difference between well-controlled patients and healthy controls (P>.3). However, during modified orthostatic load, significant differences in ΔLN TF(supine 1–supine 2) and in ΔLN LF(supine 1–supine 2) as well as in ΔLN LF(standing–supine 2) values between diabetic and healthy subjects were recorded [−0.2±0.5 vs. −0.1±0.4 LN (ms2), P=.05; −0.3±0.8 vs. 0.1±0.7 LN (ms2), P=.001 and 0.2±1.0 vs. 0.4±0.9 LN (ms2), P=.05, respectively] with insignificant intergroup differences in related centroid frequencies. This finding suggests a delayed recovery of LF spectral power in diabetic subjects after orthostatic challenge. Conclusions When compared with single position measurements, the modified orthostatic load protocol improves the sensitivity of short-term HRV examination. In well-controlled diabetic subjects without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (as excluded by standard cardiovascular reflex testing), the delayed recovery of LF band spectral power after orthostatic load with standing up indicates diminished parasympathetic activation.
Herein we report the proof-of-principle of a new concept of rechargeable batteries based on chloride shuttle, i.e., chloride ion batteries. This system includes the metal chloride/metal electrochemical couple and an electrolyte composed of binary ionic liquids allowing chloride ion transfer at room temperature.
Fossil fuels have been used as one of the essential energy sources for centuries. Considering the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and increase in environmental pollution, caused by vast fossil-fuel consumption, it is essential to minimize the use of energy wisely and efficiently and, therefore, rapid exploration of green and sustainable energy sources is warranted. In this context, the element boron plays an important role in the area of sustainable energy due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Thus, the boron-enriched composites have proved to be unique materials for a number of applications. This mini-review summarizes the most advanced progress in the area of boron-based nanostructured and macromolecular compounds for energy applications, particularly for its conversions, and as carriers and storage materials.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer associated with a high mortality. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as regulators in the development and progression of several cancers, and therefore represent an opportunity to uncover new targets for therapy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of lncRNA BZRAP1-AS1 on the angiogenesis of HCC.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling disease that is sometimes difficult to treat. Although spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can reduce pain in most patients with CRPS, some do not achieve the desired reduction in pain. Moreover, the pain reduction can diminish over time even after an initially successful period of SCS. Pain reduction can be regained by increasing the SCS frequency, but this has not been investigated in a prospective trial. This study compares pain reduction using five SCS frequencies (standard 40 Hz, 500 Hz, 1200 Hz, burst and placebo stimulation) in patients with CRPS to determine which of the modalities is most effective.
We consider some stochastic models that have been proposed for the trajectories of moving objects, including Brownian motion. This leads to the development of a general approach for dealing with paths including the use of functional stochastic differential equations. We then present an empirical example based on the surface drifting movements of a small satellite-linked radio transmitter tag after it detached from a whale shark in the western Indian Ocean. The daily estimates of the tag’s locations were determined from transmissions received at irregular times by polar-orbiting satellites of the Argos Data Collection and Location Service system. An aspect of the empirical analysis is a study of how well the sea surface currents that are derived from remote sensing and sea surface models compare to the movements of the drifting tag. A second is to develop a predictive model using the past tag locations, the currents and the winds.
The catalyst for the negative electrode of iron-chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFBs) is commonly prepared by adding a small amount of Bi3+ ions in the electrolyte and synchronously electrodepositing metallic particles onto the electrode surface at the beginning of charge process. Achieving a uniform catalyst distribution in the porous electrode, which is closely related to the flow field design, is critically important to improve the ICRFB performance. In this work, the effects of flow field designs on catalyst electrodeposition and battery performance are investigated. It is found that compared to the serpentine flow field (SFF) design, the interdigitated flow field (IFF) forces the electrolyte through the porous electrode between the neighboring channels and enhances species transport during the processes of both the catalyst electrodeposition and iron/chromium redox reactions, thus enabling a more uniform catalyst distribution and higher mass transport limitation. It is further demonstrated that the energy efficiency of the ICRFB with the IFF reaches 80.7% at a high current density (320 mA cm−2), which is 8.2% higher than that of the ICRFB with the SFF. With such a high performance and intrinsically low-cost active materials, the ICRFB with the IFF offers a great promise for large-scale energy storage.
Big data storage and processing are considered as one of the main applications for cloud computing systems. Furthermore, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has advanced the research on Machine to Machine (M2M) communications and enabled novel tele-monitoring architectures for E-Health applications. However, there is a need for converging current decentralized cloud systems, general software for processing big data and IoT systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze existing components and methods of securely integrating big data processing with cloud M2M systems based on Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs) and to propose a converged E-Health architecture built on Exalead CloudView, a search based application. Finally, we discuss the main findings of the proposed implementation and future directions.
Fuel cells have unique technological attributes: efficiency, minimization of moving parts and low emissions. The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has attracted much attention due to its potential applications as a power source for transportation and portable electronic devices. With the advance of micromachining technologies, miniaturization of power sources became one of the trends of evolution of research in this area. Based on the advantages of the scaling laws, miniaturization promises higher efficiency and performance of power generating devices, so, MicroDMFC is an emergent technology. There has been a growing interest in the development of this type of micro cells in the last years, resulting both in experimental studies (operating conditions, cell design and new materials) and in modeling studies. Despite the increase in the knowledge acquired, many challenges are still to be reached. This paper provides a detailed comprehensive review both on fundamental and technological aspects of micro-direct methanol fuel cells. Special attention is devoted to systematization of published results on experimental area since to date and also to a special section dedicated to modeling studies.
Currently, there is increasing interest in developing ‘beyond lithium’ battery technologies to augment, or in certain situations replace, lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Room temperature sodium ion batteries (NIBs) offer an attractive combination of low cost and plentiful constituents and a wide range of phases, structures and stoichiometries available for optimisation. Sodium layered oxides are considered to be promising candidates as cathode materials, due to their flexibility and versatility, as well as their intrinsically fast structural diffusion of Na ions which leads to enhanced rate capability. In particular, sodium manganese based layered oxides (generally NaxMn1−y−zMyTMzO2, where TM represents one or more transition metals, and M consists of one or more non-transition metals) are a key family of materials, in part due to the relatively low cost and environmentally friendly nature of the manganese, and consequently are worthy of a detailed investigation. Examination of these systems, particularly in terms of stoichiometry and phase, has shown that significant advances have been made recently, both in terms of understanding the mechanisms behind electrochemical performance, and in terms of refining these to produce improved materials. The goal of this review is to present the current developments in sodium manganese based layered oxides (particularly with respect to electrochemical performance, physical properties and manganese content), to discuss the current state of this field of research and to draw conclusions regarding where future investigations may be most fruitfully directed.
A series of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/V2O5 nanocomposites are prepared via the redox intercalative polymerization reaction of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer and crystalline V2O5 within 10min by using rapid 2.45GHz microwave irradiation with full power (800W). The unique properties of the resultant nanocomposites are investigated by various characterization techniques using powder XRD, TGA/DTA and four-point probe conductivity analysis supports the intercalation of polymer nanosheet between V2O5 layers leading to enhanced bi-dimensionality. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis clearly shows the presence of mixed valent V4+/V5+ in the V2O5 framework after the redox intercalative polymerization which also confirms charge transfer from the polymer to the V2O5 framework. The application potential of these composites as cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries is also demonstrated by the electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the PEDOT/V2O5 nanocomposites, where an enhancement in the discharge capacity (370mAh/g) is observed compared to that of crystalline V2O5.
Many cities around the world have reached a critical situation when it comes to energy and water supply, threatening the urban sustainable development. From an engineering and architecture perspective it is mandatory to design cities taking into account energy and water issues to achieve high living and sustainability standards. The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for the planning of residential urban districts with special consideration of renewables and water harvesting integration. The optimization model is multi-objective which uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the system life cycle costs, and maximize renewables and water harvesting reliability through dynamic simulations. The developed model can be used for spatial optimization design of new urban districts. It can also be employed for analyzing the performances of existing urban districts under an energy-water-economic viewpoint. The optimization results show that the reliability of the hybrid renewables based power system can vary between 40 and 95% depending on the scenarios considered regarding the built environment area and on the cases concerning the overall electric load. The levelized cost of electricity vary between 0.096 and 0.212$/kWh. The maximum water harvesting system reliability vary between 30% and 100% depending on the built environment area distribution. For reliabilities below 20% the levelized cost of water is kept below 1$/m3 making competitive with the network water tariff.
This paper reports on the dynamic behavior of a 250kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell power plant (PEM FCPP) and a 250kW microturbine (MT) when operating in parallel. A load sharing control scheme is used to distribute the load equally between the PEM FCPP and the MT. For stand alone operation of a PEM FCPP, a set of batteries or ultracapacitors are needed in order to satisfy the power mismatch during transient periods. Using MT in parallel with the PEM FCPP helps in eliminating the need for storage devices. Models for the PEM FCPP and the MT with power, voltage and speed controls are used to determine the dynamic response of the system to a step change in the load. Simulation results indicate viability of parallel operation of the PEM FCPP and the MT. These results are obtained using MATLAB®, Simulink®, and SimPowerSystems®.
Olivine compounds LiFe1−x Mn x PO4 (0.0< x <0.4) were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and the electrochemical properties were studied in order to examine the effects of Mn2+-substitution. The substitution led to the modification of the electrochemical performance, such as initial capacity, capacity fading and polarization. From the cyclic voltammetry, it was found that the effective Li+ ionic diffusion coefficient was always larger in the charging process than in the discharging process and that it became larger with an appropriate amount substitution. The structural analysis on the chemical-delithiated compounds exhibited anomalous expansion of the unit cell along c-axis with the substitution, while the lattice parameters of the pristine compounds obeyed Vegard's law. The relationship between the Li+ ion diffusion and the bottle-neck area of (010) zigzag path was discussed. From the results, it was considered that Mn2+ had no direct contribution on the electrochemical reaction but influenced both electronic and ionic conductivities, which led to some modifications in the electrochemical performance.
Si is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, but suffers from sophisticated engineering structures and complex fabrication processes that pose challenges for commercial application. Herein, a ternary Si/graphite/pyrolytic carbon (SiGC) anode material with a structure of crystal core and amorphous shell using low-cost raw materials is developed. In this ternary SiGC composite, Si component exists as nanoparticles and is spread on the surface of the core graphite flakes while the sucrose-derived pyrolytic carbon further covers the graphite/Si components as the amorphous shell. With this structure, Si together with the graphite contributes to the high specific capacity of this Si ternary material. Also the graphite serves as the supporting and conducting matrix and the amorphous shell carbon could accommodate the volume change effect of Si, reinforces the integrity of the composite architecture, and prevents the graphite and Si from direct exposing to the electrolyte. The optimized ternary SiGC composite displays high reversible specific capacity of 818 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) over 80%, and excellent cycling stability at 0.5 A g−1 with 83.6% capacity retention (∼610 mAh g−1) after 300 cycles.
Transient reaction modulation has found its place in many branches of chemical reaction engineering over the past hundred years. Historically, catalytic reactions have been dominated by the impulse to reduce spatial and temporal perturbations in favor of steady, static systems due to their ease of operation and scalability. Transient reactor operation, however, has seen remarkable growth in the past few decades, where new operating regimes are being revealed to enhance catalytic reaction rates beyond the statically achievable limits classically described by thermodynamics and the Sabatier principle. These theoretical and experimental studies suggest that there exists a resonant frequency which coincides with its catalytic turnover that can be exploited and amplified for a given reaction to overcome classical barriers. This review discusses the evolution of thought from thermostatic (equilibrium), to thermodynamic (dynamic equilibrium), and finally dynamic (non-equilibrium) catalysis. Natural and forced dynamic oscillations are explored with periodic reactor operation of catalytic systems that modulate energetics and local concentrations through a multitude of approaches, and the challenges to unlock this new class of catalytic reaction engineering is discussed.
The commercialization of small fuel cells requires both the reduction of components cost and improvement of power density. To meet these requirements, we proposed the concept of an integrated composite membrane electrode assembly (ICMEA) which integrates the functions of conventional MEA, flow field, and current collector. Compared to conventional ones, it is advanced in simplification of fuel cell components, higher mechanical strength and dimensional stability, reduction in volume and weight, lower clamping pressure, and lower cost. A 200μm thick ICMEA was successfully fabricated. A sandwiched structure was fabricated by attaching an e-PTFE substrate with two finely porous thin metal sheets on each side. After the impregnation of polymer electrolyte, the porous PTFE was filled with the polymer electrolyte and was bounded with the two metal sheets. Catalyst layer was directly coated on the surface of the composite membrane. At ambient conditions, the achieved maximum power density of ICMEA in H2/air fuel cell was nearly 80mWcm−2.
A simple method, without using lithography or etching processes, for fabricating a micro-solid oxide fuel cell (micro-SOFC) that utilizes a metal substrate is presented. A porous and thin (<25μm) metal (Ni) film is fabricated by screen printing a NiO film on a ceramic substrate and subsequently reducing this film. Electrolyte and the cathode layers are sequentially deposited on the Ni-film substrate. Micro-SOFCs with a thin-film Gd-doped ceria electrolyte, supported on the Ni substrate, are successfully tested at 450°C.