batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Tin(IV) oxide@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological characterizations indicate that the SnO2 nanoparticles fully and homogeneously anchor on both sides of cross-linked reduced graphene oxide. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the synergistic interaction between the SnO2 nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide contributes to good electrochemical behaviors, which enhance the cycling performance and rate capability. For a half-cell, the SnO2@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as an anode material exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1149 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1, and a good capacity retention of 67.2% after 130 cycles. For a full-cell, it exhibits a capacity of 648 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 after 200 cycles, and the cycling retention of capacity reached 63.5%. The excellent storage capability and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries make the composite a promising anode material in the practical application of lithium-ion batteries.
The operation of future microgrids will require the use of energy storage systems employing power electronics converters with advanced power management capacities. This paper presents the control scheme for a medium power lithium-ion battery bidirectional DC/AC power converter intended for microgrid applications. The switching devices of a bidirectional DC converter are commanded by a single sliding mode control law, dynamically shaped by a linear voltage regulator in accordance with the battery management system. The sliding mode controller facilitates the implementation and design of the control law and simplifies the stability analysis over the entire operating range. Control parameters of the linear regulator are designed to minimize the impact of commutation noise in the DC-link voltage regulation. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is illustrated by experimental results.
Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) was intensively investigated as a technology for heat/electricity co-generation in the last decade of the 20th century. However, a wide-spread commercialisation has not been achieved yet. The world-record system efficiency for a TPV system using silicon photocells of 4% at 50W electrical output power as well as a maximum electrical output power of 164W, however at a lower efficiency of 0.84% could be demonstrated by a prototype system operating with an Yb2O3 selective emitter. Related developments of TPV system components such as radiation emitters, filters and photocells are reviewed and theoretical system simulations are compared to experimentally achieved results regarding system efficiency and the electrical output power. Finally, novel TPV applications are suggested and the commercial potential of this technology is discussed.
Background Certain inflammatory biomarkers increase with age, provide information about general burden of illness and could cause or reflect any collateral damage to healthy cells and organs. However, comparative studies to predict adverse outcomes are missing. Therefore, our study validated and identified the principal prognostic marker to predict important adverse outcomes in the oldest old from an extensive battery of serum inflammatory markers. Methods A large battery of potential ‘inflammaging’ markers (IL-1α, IL1-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, EGF, VEGF, MCP-1, usCRP, prealbumin) was assessed in a representative sample of 415 heterogenic individuals 80years of age or older in the BELFRAIL study. Kaplan–Meier, Cox proportional hazards and CART analyses determined the overall prognostic value of these markers for predicting all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality as well as hospitalization. Results Serum IL-6 and usCRP levels were strongly associated with time of survival, independent of cause of death. Serum IL-6 levels had the most robust dose–response relationship with mortality. To a lesser extent, IL-10 and IL-1β were associated with all-cause mortality but were restricted to non-cardiovascular or cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Having a low IL-6 at baseline (<1.77pg/ml) could predict 90% of those who were not at risk for all-cause mortality after 3years, even after adjusting for confounders. Similarly, we observed an 83.6% chance of identifying those cases with 0 or 1 hospitalization using low IL-6 serum levels. Conclusion The results suggest that a single measurement of low IL-6 serum levels is the first choice to guide clinical practice in the oldest old and could summarize the short-term risk of death and hospitalization.
Publisher Summary Hazards from processes using chemicals are assessed on the basis of inherent chemical properties, chemical form, quantity, and processing conditions. Hazards can often be foreseen from basic physicochemical principles such as vapor pressure, gas-liquid solubility, liquid-to-vapor phase change, solid-to-liquid phase change, density differences of gases and vapors, density differences of liquids, immiscible liquid-liquid systems, and vapor flashing. Hazards can often be foreseen from basic physicochemical principles such as vapor pressure, gas-liquid solubility, liquid-to-vapor phase change, solid-to-liquid phase change, density differences of gases and vapors, density differences of liquids, Immiscible liquid-liquid systems, vapor flashing, effects of particle or droplet size, surface area effects in mass transfer or heterogeneous reactions, and enthalpy changes on mixing of liquids.
A three-dimensional (3D) porous nano-Ni supported Si composite film is successfully fabricated by the combination of hydrogen bubble template electrodeposition of porous nano-Ni film and radiofrequency magnetron sputtering amorphous silicon. As anode for lithium-ion batteries, the 3D porous Ni/Si composite film shows noticeable electrochemical performance with high capacity of 2444mAhg−1 at a current density of 0.84Ag−1, superior capacity retention of 83% after 100 cycles, as well as excellent rate capability with 1420 and 1273mAhg−1 at charge–discharge current densities of 4.2Ag−1 and 8.4Ag−1 after 100 cycles, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the highly porous conductive architecture, which provides good mechanical support and electron conducting pathway for active silicon and alleviates the structure degradation caused by volume expansion during the cycling process.
Snoring is closely related to obstructive sleep apnea in adults. The increasing abundance and availability of smartphone technology has facilitated the examination and monitoring of snoring at home through snoring apps. However, the accuracy of snoring detection by snoring apps is unclear. This study explored the snoring detection accuracy of Snore Clock—a paid snoring detection app for smartphones.
3D multiporous Co, N co-doped MoO2/MoC (3D Co,N-MoO2/MoC) nanorods hybrids were successfully synthesized via carburizing core-shell ZIF-67-cladded MoO3 nanorods precursor at high temperature. As-fabricated Co,N-MoO2/MoC nanorods coated glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) was demonstrated to possess superior electrocatalytic activity for the electro-oxidation of acetaminophen (AC) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Such excellent electrochemical performance was largely attributed to the synergistic effect of the unique multiporous structure, the optimal component and abundant active sites of the nanorods. The corresponding electrode reaction mechanisms were studied in detail in this article. Under optimal conditions, the linear detection ranges were 0.05–200.0 μmol/L for AC and 0.05–140.0 μmol/L for 4-AP, respectively, with the low detection limits of 0.013 μmol/L and 0.012 μmol/L. Furthermore, the 3D Co,N-MoO2/MoC/GCE revealed excellent sensitivity, good reproducibility, stability and anti-interference ability. The developed electrode was evaluated towards the detecting AC and 4-AP in biological fluids, environment water and pharmaceutical formulations with satisfactory recovery, which had a broad application prospect.
Pd-capped Mg78Y22 thin films have been prepared by direct current magnetron co-sputtering system at different substrate temperatures and their electrochemical hydrogen storage properties have been investigated. It is found that rising substrate temperature to 60 °C can coarsen the surface of thin film, thus facilitating the diffusion of hydrogen atoms and then enhancing its discharge capacity to ~1725 mAh·g−1. Simultaneously, the cyclic stability is effectively improved due to the increased adhesion force between film and substrate as a function of temperature. In addition, the specimen exhibits a very long and flat discharge plateau at about −0.67 V, at which nearly 60% of capacity is maintained. The property is favorable for the application in metal hydride/nickel secondary batteries. The results indicate that rising optimal substrate temperature has a beneficial effect on the electrochemical hydrogen storage of Mg-Y thin films.
A hybrid wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell generation system is designed to supply power demand. The aim of this design is minimization of annualized cost of the hybrid system over its 20 years of operation. Optimization problem is subject to reliable supply of the demand. Three major components of the system, i.e. wind turbine generators, photovoltaic arrays, and DC/AC converter, may be subject to failure. Also, solar radiation, wind speed, and load data are assumed entirely deterministic. System costs involve investments, replacement, and operation and maintenance as well as loss of load costs. Prices are all empirical and components are commercially available. An advanced variation of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. Results reveal the impact of component outages on the reliability and cost of the system, so they are directly dependent on components' reliabilities, i.e. outages result in need for a larger generating system for supplying the load with the acceptable reliability. Additionally, it is observed that the inverter's reliability is an upper limit for the system's reliability. Moreover, an approximate method for reliability evaluation of the hybrid system is proposed which considerably reduces the time and computations.
Silicon suboxide (SiOx) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (∼2400 mA h g-1) and good cycle performance. However, the volume effect during cycling and the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity restrict its practical application. Since SiO thin films with carbon additive are able to cope with these limitations, we have synthesized SiO/C thin film anodes containing various carbon contents by magnetron co-sputtering. Among the as-deposited electrodes, SiO/C-80 with a thickness of 1.15 μm showed superior electrochemical performance with an initial coulombic efficiency of ∼72%, a maximum reversible specific capacity of 1223 mA h g-1 and a capacity retention of 82.0% ± 0.5% after 750 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1. The co-sputtered carbon is uniformly dispersed inside the film, which enhances the electronic conductivity and enables higher reversible capacity during the initial cycles. Meanwhile, the co-sputtered carbon plays a role in buffering volume change and maintaining electrode structure during further cycling. These results demonstrated that the SiO/C thin film anode has the application prospect as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Liikavainio T, Lyytinen T, Tyrväinen E, Sipilä S, Arokoski JP. Physical function and properties of quadriceps femoris muscle in men with knee osteoarthritis. Objectives To examine the objective physical function of the lower extremities, to measure the properties of quadriceps femoris muscle (QFM), and to assess subjective disabilities in men with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to compare the results with those obtained from age- and sex-matched control subjects. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Rehabilitation clinic in a university hospital. Participants Male volunteers (n=54) (age range, 50–69y) with knee OA and randomly selected healthy, age- and sex-matched control subjects (n=53). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Physical function evaluated with a test battery including the QFM composition measurement, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, version 1.0. Results Knee OA patients had 13% to 26% poorer (P range, .050–.001) physical function and muscle strength compared with the controls. There were also significant differences in QFM composition. WOMAC (P range, .050–.001) and muscle strength (P<.001) associated with physical function tests, but subjective pain correlated with neither physical function nor muscle strength in knee OA patients. The radiographic knee OA grade did not have any significant effect on physical function, but passive knee motion, knee extension strength, and WOMAC were related to the severity of the disease (P<.05). Conclusions The patients with knee OA exhibited impaired physical function and muscle strength and QFM composition compared with healthy controls. The severity of radiographic knee OA clearly had adverse effects on functional ability at the later stages of the disease. The results highlight the effect of QFM strength on physical function as well as the importance of patient's subjective and objective physical function when deciding on knee OA treatment policy.
To maximize the introduction of renewable energy, introducing grid energy storage systems are essential. Electrochemical energy storage system, i.e., battery system, exhibits high potential for grid energy storage application. A battery energy storage system is comprised of a battery module and a power conversion module. This paper starts by reviewing several potential battery systems, as well as an advanced aluminum-ion battery that currently has promising prospects in the electrochemical energy storage system. The characteristics of the batteries are reviewed and compared, including the materials, electrochemistry, performance and costs. The application prospect of the batteries is discussed. The paper summarizes the features of current and future grid energy storage battery, lists the advantages and disadvantages of different types of batteries, and points out that the performance and capacity of large-scale battery energy storage system depend on battery and power condition system (PCS). The power conversion system determines the operational condition of the entire energy storage system. The new generation wide bandgap semiconductor for power electronic technology is discussed from the perspective of performance, topology, model and non-linearity and is compared to the traditional silicon-based semiconductor. Finally, the application prospect of the new generation semiconductor technology in the energy storage system is indicated. This paper concludes the application status of the energy storage system in the renewable energy power generation and indicates the critical problems that need to be addressed during the construction and operation of the storage system.
Amorphous nanomaterials have been regarded as extremely promising electrode materials for battery-like energy storage device (BESD) due to their atomic disorder, homogeneous and metastable properties, etc. Here, an amorphous NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo LDH) with different morphologies is synthesized for the first time by a green, economical and practicable ultrahigh voltage electrophoretic deposition method (EPD), constructing a 3D architecture with high specific surface area as the positive electrode for energy storage. The obtained amorphous NiCo LDH nanosheets/CFP electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 347mFcm−3 and a good retention of 88.3% after 10000 cycles. Moreover, an asymmetric BESD based on the amorphous NiCo LDH/CFP and commercial activated carbon (AC) offers an energy density of 41.67Whcm−3 at the power density of 0.5kWcm−3 and excellent cycle life (only 0.3% deterioration of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles). The good performance of amorphous NiCo LDH nanosheets in capacitance is ascribed to the high inner charge storage and efficient ion transportation. This research provides a new method to control the morphologies of amorphous nanomaterials by EPD technique in the future.
Abstract This chapter covers the wireless communication in the industrial process control systems. This new communication technology is growing fast in the adoption, and hence various basics and engineering aspects are dealt for better implementation. The basics of the wireless communication and different types of antennas and radios and the standards are dealt in detail. The wireless communication systems are provided in various topologies and architectures, and some of them are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages. The topics are further covered with different types of devices and communication subsystems and network configurations. Finally, different types of applications in which the technology is going to be adopted are discussed in detail.
Simultaneous measurements of the potential and high-frequency resistance, R HF, of a lead-acid battery cell of 1200Ah capacity used in photovoltaic applications have been carried out during the charge and discharge of the cell, owing to an original experimental set-up devised in the laboratory providing real-time analog signals. It was shown that R HF depended on the state-of-charge in a non-linear way, with a significant increase at low state-of-charge. In complementary measurements on cells of smaller capacities (45Ah), it was observed that the final value of R HF after a complete discharge was higher for a low discharge rate. The R HF variations were explained by the blocking effect of insulating PbSO4 crystals whose morphology and size depend on both state-of-charge and (dis)charge rate. It was also shown that the resistivity of the bulk electrolyte, measured above the plates, had no influence on the R HF value.
In this paper, we report on the preparation of Si–Y multi-layer thin films by magnetron sputtering and their application as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize the morphologies and structures of the as-prepared thin films. The framework of the Si–Y thin films is Y-Si-Y-Si multi-layers, including the Si thin film with a thickness of 225nm and the Y thin film with different thickness (15–37.5nm). The electrochemical performance of the samples is investigated by charge–discharge measurement, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). Compared with pure Si thin film, the Si–Y thin films with the optimal Y film thickness of about 22.5nm can deliver a high reversible capacity of 2450mAhg−1 under a current density of 0.4C after 50 cycles, showing superior cycle performance and electrode stability due to the better Li+ diffusion character. This study should shed light on the design and application of Si–Y multi-layer thin films as anode materials of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.
Objective To determine the immediate effect of a portable, myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis on paretic upper extremity (UE) impairment in chronic, stable, moderately impaired stroke survivors. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Participants Participants exhibiting chronic, moderate, stable, poststroke, UE hemiparesis (N=18). Interventions Subjects were administered a battery of measures testing UE impairment and function. They then donned a fabricated myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis and were again tested on the same battery of measures while wearing the device. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the UE Section of the Fugl-Meyer Scale. Subjects were also administered a battery of functional tasks and the Box and Block (BB) test. Results Subjects exhibited significantly reduced UE impairment while wearing the myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis (FM: t 17=8.56, P<.0001) and increased quality in performing all functional tasks while wearing the myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis, with 3 subtasks showing significant increases (feeding [grasp]: z=2.251, P=.024; feeding [elbow]: z=2.966, P=.003; drinking [grasp]: z=3.187, P=.001). Additionally, subjects showed significant decreases in time taken to grasp a cup (z=1.286, P=.016) and increased gross manual dexterity while wearing a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis (BB test: z=3.42, P<.001). Conclusions Results suggest that UE impairment, as measured by the Fugl-Meyer Scale, is significantly reduced when donning a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis, and these changes exceeded the Fugl-Meyer Scale's clinically important difference threshold. Further, utilization of a myoelectric elbow-wrist-hand orthosis significantly increased gross manual dexterity and performance of certain functional tasks. Future work will integrate education sessions to increase subjects' ability to perform multijoint functional movements and attain consistent functional changes.
We propose in this work a polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (MW 500) dissolving lithium trifluoromethansulfonate (LiCF3SO3) salt as suitable electrolyte media for a safe and efficient use of the lithium metal anode in battery. Voltammetry and galvanostatic tests reveal significant enhancement of the electrolyte characteristics, in terms of cycling life and chemical stability, by the addition of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) to the solution. Furthermore, PFG NMR measurements suggest the applicability of the electrolyte in battery in terms of ionic conductivity, lithium transference number, ionic-association degree and self-diffusion coefficient. Accordingly, the electrolyte is employed in a lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate as the selected cathode. The battery delivers a stable capacity of 150 mAh g−1 and flat working voltage of 3.5 V, thus leading to a theoretical energy density referred to the cathode of 520 Wh kg−1. This battery is considered a suitable energy storage system for advanced applications requiring both high safety and high energy density.
Highly branched and porous graphene nanosheet synthesized over different substrates as anode for Lithium ion thin film battery. These films synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at temperature 700°C. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy are used to characterize the film surface. It is found that the graphene sheets possess a curled and flower like morphology. Electrochemical performances were evaluated in swezelock type cells versus metallic lithium. A reversible capacity of 520mAh/g, 450mAh/g and 637mAh/g was obtained after 50 cycles when current rate at 23μAcm2 for CuGNS, NiGNS and PtGNS electrodes, respectively. Electrochemical properties of thin film anode were measured at different current rate and gave better cycle life and rate capability. These results indicate that the prepared high quality graphene sheets possess excellent electrochemical performances for lithium storage.
A new method of synthesis of advanced hydrated metatitanate pseudomorphs obtained via extraction of sulfate ions from the crystals of titanyl sulfate dihydrate and their replacement with hydroxyl groups of NaOH, LiOH and KOH solutions leaving the Ti-O framework untouched has been proposed. The resulting materials exhibit specific structural properties, which were determined by a number of methods, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. It was observed that while material precipitated by KOH is thermally stable up to 150 °C, the decomposition of LiOH and NaOH materials starts right at the beginning of the heating. With the increasing temperature, the amorphous materials start to crystallize into various lithium, sodium and potassium titanates and furthermore the growth of larger crystals and nanowhiskers on rods during the crystallization process was observed and discussed.