batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Acoustic environment leaves its characteristic signature in the audio recording captured in it. The acoustic environment signature can be modeled using acoustic reverberations and background noise. Acoustic reverberation depends on the geometry and composition of the recording location. The proposed scheme uses similarity in the estimated acoustic signature for acoustic environment identification (AEI). We describe a parametric model to realize acoustic reverberation, and a statistical framework based on maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the model parameters. The density-based clustering is used for automatic AEI using estimated acoustic parameters. Performance of the proposed framework is evaluated for two data sets consisting of hand-clapping and speech recordings made in a diverse set of acoustic environments using three microphones. Impact of the microphone type variation, frequency, and clustering accuracy and efficiency on the performance of the proposed method is investigated. Performance of the proposed method is also compared with the existing state-of-the-art (SoA) for AEI.
Aquatic robotics is making a critical transition to adapt and inspire more efficient systems from nature. The result is the abandonment of inefficient propeller-based locomotion for a biological locomotion type suitable for the specific mission. Bioinspired aquatic unmanned vehicles (AUVs) could be exploited in a diverse range of missions depending on the design and its capabilities. Removing the human pilot and creating an animal-based AUV means that more hazardous aquatic environments can be studied with reduced repercussions. There is a diverse range of biological locomotion's to choose from when developing a bioinspired AUV. The respective animals that exhibit a specific swimming mode give a range of criteria to follow make the system more capable of swimming. In this review, how previous AUV developers determined the kinematic, physical, and hydrodynamic modeling of these systems are consolidated and discussed. All types of developed actuators are reviewed, organized, and explained based on their materials and motion capabilities. The electronic components of these systems are outlined to give an idea of how these bioinspired AUVs are constructed. Then, it is discussed what makes these systems bioinspired and biomimetic, and the trends of these designs. Limitations and future recommendations on possible improvements for these systems are offered and deeply discussed.
Wireless sensor networks are inherently plagued by problems of node failure, interference to communications from environmental noise and energy-limited sensor motes. These problems pose conflicting issues in the design of suitable routing protocols. Several existing reliable routing protocols exploit message broadcast redundancy and hop count as routing metrics and their performance trade-offs are revealed during simulation. In this paper, we study and analyse related design issues in proposed efficient and reliable routing protocols that attempt to achieve reliable and efficient communication performance in both single- and multi-hub sensor networks. Simulation results of four such routing protocols show that routing performance depends more on optimal (near-optimal) routing in single hub than in multi-hub networks. Our work also shows that optimal (near-optimal) routing is better achieved when historical metrics like packet distance traversed and transmission success are also considered in the routing protocol design.
To seek the compatibility between LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and electrolyte based upon lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) and sulfolane (SL), the electrochemical performances of 0.7molL−1 LiBOB–SL/DMC (1:1) electrolyte are investigated. This electrolyte has characteristic of good stability against oxidative decomposition (5.3V, vs. Li/Li+) and satisfactory safety performance. When used in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, this electrolyte exhibits several advantages, such as stable cycle performance, low cell resistance, good rate performance, and high discharge voltage plateau. It suggests that LiBOB–SL/DMC electrolyte has good compatibility with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode, and would be an attractive electrolyte for 5V high voltage lithium-ion batteries based upon LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode.
Commercial lithium-ion batteries have excellent performance at room temperature for a few years. However, the calendar life and thermal stability (>50°C) need to be improved for many applications, including electric vehicles. We have conducted an investigation of the effect of thermal stabilizing additives, including dimethyl acetamide, vinylene carbonate, and lithium bis(oxalato) borate, on the performance of lithium ion batteries stored at 70°C for one month. The reactions of the lithium hexafluorophosphate/carbonate electrolyte, with and without electrolyte additives, with the surface of the electrodes after initial formation cycling have been analyzed via a combination of IR-ATR and XPS.
The real-time battery monitoring often involves two contradicting requirements, i.e., high accurate modeling and low computational time. The main contribution of this study is developing a reduced order model to accurately simulate a lead-acid battery without any simplification which can be used for real-time monitoring, optimization and control purposes. In this paper, the governing equations of lead-acid battery including conservation of charge in solid and liquid phases and conservation of species are solved simultaneously during discharge, rest and charge processes using an efficient reduced order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). A comprehensive description of numerical difficulties of lead-acid battery transport equations is also discussed both mathematically and graphically. Effect of different operating conditions such as applied current density and the dependency of open circuit potential to the acid concentration on dynamic behavior of lead-acid cell are investigated to show the capability of present method. Moreover, an extensive analysis of eigenvalues, spatial patterns and temporal trends of lead-acid battery model is presented to comprehensively determine the basic dynamic characteristics. The obtained numerical results show that not only the POD-based ROM of lead-acid battery significantly decreases the computational time (speed-up factor of 15) but also there is an excellent agreement with the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models.
A gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)-graphene nanocomposite (Au–graphene nanocomposite) was prepared by electrochemically depositing Au NPs on the surface of graphene sheets, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The morphology and size of the Au NPs could be easily controlled by adjusting the electrodeposition time and the concentration of precursor (AuCl4 −). The electrocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites toward oxygen reduction and glucose oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that the nanocomposites had a higher catalytic activity than the Au NPs or graphene alone, indicating the synergistic effect of graphene and Au NPs. Therefore, this study has provided a general route for fabrication of graphene-based noble metal nanomaterials composite, which could be potential utility to fuel cells and bioelectroanalytical chemistry.
Norepinephrine and dopamine mediate important aspects of several psychoses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in central neurons and thus is critically involved in maintaining the transformational homeostasis. Functional polymorphisms have been reported in DBH gene, including a 19-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (DBH5′-insertion/deletion (Ins/Del)) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (-1021C/T). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was an association between the two functional polymorphisms and MDD in a Han Chinese population. DBH5′-Ins/Del and -1021C/T polymorphism in promoter region of DBH gene was analyzed in 313 patients with MDD and 318 healthy subjects by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The results showed statistically significant associations for genotypic distribution between the DBH5′-Ins/Del polymorphism and MDD (P = 0.007). Individuals with Del/Del genotype demonstrated a 1.72 times increased risk of MDD compared to those with insertion alleles (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.47, P = 0.003). Moreover, the Del/Del genotype was associated with poorer digital span and language scores than the insertion alleles in healthy subjects (P = 0.041 and P = 0.048, respectively). However, there was no association observed between the genotype and allele frequencies for -1021C/T and depression. Our data suggest that the DBH5′-Ins/Del polymorphism of the DBH gene may be associated with susceptibility to MDD in a Chinese population.
This is a detailed study of how impurities can affect the mechanisms of lithium storage in composite electrodes consisting of a three-dimensional single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles network. To remove impurities such as fullerenes, amorphous carbon, catalyst, and nanographite, we submitted the SWCNT bundles to an appropriate chemical treatment before using them to prepare the electrode. Then, we analyzed how this treatment influenced electrode potential, fading capacity, and specific capacity. Additionally, we evaluated the electrode prepared with high-purity SWNCT bundles by galvanostatic intermittent titration, to obtain lithium transport parameters under thermodynamic conditions. We achieved an intrinsic specific capacity of 400 mAh g−1 for the purified SWCNT bundles prepared by an arc-reactor method. The transport parameters revealed that the electrode underwent electronic transition of the semiconducting-metal type. The chemical diffusion coefficient ranged from 10−4 to 10−18 cm2 s−1 with decreasing electrode potential.
Due to the stochastic nature and variability of renewable energy sources (RES), it is necessary to integrate still expensive storage capacities into an energy system with a high share of RES and to model appropriate energy market. The study presented here considers all energy carriers, however, only the electricity carrier is modeled in detail, with notion taken for the heating demand that is covered but without proper modeling of storage. A proposed two-level approach with multi-objective optimization on the global level, was used to design a Croatian Energy System (CES), where electric vehicles (EVs) are integrated to serve as battery storage in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode, for a scenario between 2015 and 2050. In addition, case study includes nine aggregated hydro power plants, one for each river basin in Croatia. Also, case study includes solar and wind power plants modeled for six locations in Croatia: Osijek, Zagreb, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split and Dubrovnik. The resulting Pareto front suggests that with assumed future costs of fuels and technology certain level of conventional energy sources will have to remain in the energy system to take into the account unfavourable weather conditions and to cover heating demand, which also results in significantly lower load factors for those power plants. Also, variants with more RES share have lower total energy system load factor and significantly higher installed capacity.
Novel microcapsules based phase change composites (PCC) with improved thermal conductivity and thermal stability are developed. Different mass fractions (1%, 5%, 10% and 20%) of flake graphite (FG), expanded graphite (EG) and graphite nanosheets (GNS) acted as heat transfer promoters are employed to enhance thermal properties of PCC. The influences of carbon additives on forming network structure and promoting thermal conductivity are analyzed, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement is further studied. The results showed that distinct carbon network structure in PCC was observed with 20%, 20%, 10% mass fraction of FG, EG and GNS, respectively. The corresponding thermal conductivity was increased up to 70.0 times of the pristine paraffin when PCC contains 20 wt% GNS. Negligible change in thermal properties of the PCC-GNS was confirmed after 500 times thermal cycling tests. Therefore, such enhancement in thermal properties of PCC can result in an improvement of heat storage efficiency, which will be more suitable for numerous thermal applications.
This study examined the effects of music and video on the classroom behavior and performance of boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examined the effects of 0.3 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH). In one study, 41 boys with ADHD and 26 controls worked in the presence of no distractor, music, or video. Video produced significant distraction, particularly for the boys with ADHD, and MPH improved the performance of boys with ADHD across distractor conditions.There were individual differences in response to the music such that some boys were adversely affected and others benefited relative to no-distractor.In a second study, music and MPH were assessed in an additional 86 boys with ADHD to examine further the music results. In the presence or absence of music, MPH improved performance relative to placebo. Similar individual differences were found as in Experiment 1.
Catalysts prepared from the carbon black impregnated with manganous nitrate solution and then heated at temperature from 270°C to 450°C were investigated. It was found that the impregnated catalysts heated at temperature of 340°C exhibited the best catalytic activity for oxygen reduction in alkaline electrolyte. It was also found that the XRD spectra of pyrolytic MnO2 from manganous nitrate over 340°C were different from those below 340°C. The enhanced catalysis of air electrodes was ascribed to the formation of MnO2 crystal with d-value of 2.72 Å as the impregnated-catalysts was heated at temperature of 340°C. The other factors in preparation of air electrodes were also discussed.
In line with a growing interest in the use of graphene-based materials for energy storage applications and active research in the field of rechargeable metal-ion batteries we have performed a DFT based computational study of alkali metal atoms (Li, Na and K) interaction with an oxidized graphene. The presence of oxygen surface groups (epoxy and hydroxyl) alters the chemisorption properties of graphene. In particular, we observe that the epoxy groups are redox active and enhance the alkali metal adsorption energies by a factor of 2 or more. When an alkali metal atom interacts with hydroxyl-graphene the formation of metal-hydroxide is observed. In addition to a potential boost of metal ion storage capability, oxygen functional groups also prevent the precipitation of the metal phase. By simulating lithiation/de-lithiation process on epoxy-graphenes, it was concluded that the oxidized graphene can undergo structural changes during battery operation. Our results suggest that the content and the type of oxygen surface groups should be carefully tailored to maximize the performance of metal-ion batteries. This is mainly related to the control of the oxidation level in order to provide enough active centers for metal ion storage while preserving sufficient electrical conductivity.
Herein, we report the results of a detailed study on the use of different Li imide salts (LiTFSI, LiFSI, and LiFTFSI) as electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries. The introduction of lithium imide salts in the electrolyte is shown to considerably improve the first cycle coulombic efficiency and the long-term cycling stability of graphite/LiFePO4 cells. Using LiTFSI, a capacity fading of only ∼2% occurred over 600 cycles while the control cell with the state-of-the-art additive (VC) lost ∼20% of the initial capacity at 20 °C. The results of the XPS and impedance spectroscopy measurements of graphite electrodes show that, after the formation cycle, the SEI obtained in the presence of imide salts is thinner, contains more LiF and is less resistive than that obtained using VC. Despite the beneficial effect of the imide salts on the lithium-ion cell performance, a slightly reduced thermal stability of the SEI is observed.
Anion-exchange membranes (AEM) containing saturated-heterocyclic benzyl-quaternary ammonium (QA) groups synthesised by radiation-grafting onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films are reported. The relative properties of these AEMs are compared with the benchmark radiation-grafted ETFE-g-poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium) AEM. Two AEMs containing heterocyclic-QA head groups were down-selected with higher relative stabilities in aqueous KOH (1 mol dm−3) at 80 °C (compared to the benchmark): these 100 μm thick (fully hydrated) ETFE-g-poly(vinylbenzyl-N-methylpiperidinium)- and ETFE-g-poly(vinylbenzyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium)-based AEMs had as-synthesised ion-exchange capacities (IEC) of 1.64 and 1.66 mmol g−1, respectively, which reduced to 1.36 mmol dm−3 (ca. 17–18% loss of IEC) after alkali ageing (the benchmark AEM showed 30% loss of IEC under the same conditions). These down-selected AEMs exhibited as-synthesised Cl− ion conductivities of 49 and 52 mS cm−1, respectively, at 90 °C in a 95% relative humidity atmosphere, while the OH− forms exhibited conductivities of 138 and 159 mS cm−1, respectively, at 80 °C in a 95% relative humidity atmosphere. The ETFE-g-poly(vinylbenzyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium)-based AEM produced the highest performances when tested as catalyst coated membranes in H2/O2 alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells at 60 °C with PtRu/C anodes, Pt/C cathodes, and a polysulfone ionomer: the 100 μm thick variant (synthesised from 50 μm thick ETFE) yielded peak power densities of 800 and 630 mW cm−2 (with and without 0.1 MPa back pressurisation, respectively), while a 52 μm thick variant (synthesised from 25 μm thick ETFE) yielded 980 and 800 mW cm−2 under the same conditions. From these results, we make the recommendation that developers of AEMs, especially pendent benzyl-QA types, should consider the benzyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium head-group as an improvement to the current de facto benchmark benzyltrimethylammonium head-group.
The present study characterizes the satellite DNA sequences of three endemic Hawaiian spiders, Tetragnatha acuta, Tetragnatha hawaiensis, and Tetragnatha quasimodo, to test the degree of conservation of these sequences within a closely related group of arthropods. The length and nucleotide composition of repeats of the three species is very similar both at intra- and inter-specific level. However, their nucleotide sequence is very divergent at the inter-specific level although conserve substantial similarity in some stretches. These results suggest a common origin of the Tetragnatha satellite DNAs and evolutionary constraint in the length and the nucleotide composition of these repeats at the inter-specific level but not in their nucleotide sequences. At the intra-specific level, the three species show a different degree of sequence identity between repeats as a result of specific historical processes. Tetragnatha hawaiensis shows a strong homogenization of the monomeric sequences. Tetragnatha quasimodo also shows strong homogenization but the actual repeats are higher-order repeats (dimers linking two divergent subfamilies of monomers). On the other hand, the existence of the three subfamilies of repeats in T. acuta, showing divergent sequence identity, both within and between subfamilies, suggests low homogenization of the repeats. Finally, evidence of gene conversion or unequal sister chromatid exchange events in T. quasimodo and T. acuta suggests that recombination is involved in the spreading and homogenization of stDNA sequences.
Planar structured perovskite solar cells often show hysteresis and lower efficiency than mesoporous ones. Jiang et al. show that using a SnO2 electron transport layer improves the performance of planar devices, reporting a certified efficiency of 19.9%, and enables a lower processing temperature.
The severity and variability of platelet dysfunction in preoperative arthritic patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have not been well studied previously. We evaluate 30 preoperative patients taking diclofenac (group D) by routine coagulation screen, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, thrombelastography, and PFA-100 (Dade Behring, Inc, Deerfield, IL)) platelet function analyzer. Ten patients (group P) and 30 healthy volunteers (group N) not taking NSAIDs serve as control. Diclofenac causes significant prolongation of mean PFA-100 closure times (P < .0001). However, the prolongation is highly variable; and up to 33% of patients are still having normal platelet function despite diclofenac consumption. Low body weight is a significant predictor of more severe platelet dysfunction (P < .01). Other tests are not useful. We conclude that not all patients taking NSAIDs have similar platelet dysfunction and that preoperative monitoring with PFA-100 is preferable.
In this contribution, a novel type of piezoelectric tubular energy harvester based on fluctuating fluid pressure is investigated.
Analytic model of the proposed energy harvester is built under the assumption of axisymmetric radial vibration. Exact solution of the piezoelectric vibrating tube is obtained with its output performances formulated. A series of numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the influences of geometrical parameters, input mechanical load parameters and output electrical load parameters upon the output performances of the proposed piezoelectric tubular energy harvester. The model and simulation results indicate the potential of the proposed piezoelectric tubular energy harvester. It is expected that the energy harvester be useful in powering wireless sensor network for the health monitoring of hydraulic systems, where fluid conveying pipe vibration is omnipresent.
Current trends in both commercial and military ship development have focused on ship electrification. A challenge for electric-ship propulsion systems, however, is large propulsion-load fluctuations. To address this issue, this paper explores a new solution, namely a combined battery and flywheel (B/FW) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) as a buffer to isolate load fluctuations from the shipboard network. Our two main objectives, power-fluctuation compensation and energy saving under various operating constraints, are formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Pareto fronts, which illustrate the trade-offs between the main objectives, are obtained by using dynamic programming with the weighted sum method. To quantitatively analyze the performance of B/FW HESS, a comparative study is performed under different sea conditions, where a battery/ultra-capacitor (B/UC) HESS configuration is used as a reference in performance evaluation. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of B/FW to mitigate the load fluctuations for all-electric ships, especially at high sea states. Furthermore, a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is developed to facilitate real-time implementation of the proposed solution. A performance comparison between the proposed MPC energy management strategy and the global dynamic programming is performed, and this comparison demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed MPC strategy.