batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A high-performance Si oxide-coated graphite flake (SGF) composite anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is synthesized using a microwave-assisted coating method. In this synthesis, a solution comprising liquid polysiloxanes is used as the Si-containing precursor. Heating the graphite flakes (GFs) with microwave induces the deposition of a Si-containing conformal layer on the GF surfaces, which is subsequently calcined to produce SGFs. When tested as a LIB anode, the resulting SGF exhibits a reversible specific capacity of nearly 480 mAh g−1, 97% capacity retention at a current density of 2.5 A g−1 (approximately 5 C-rate), and 94% capacity retention after 500 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency > 99.9%. The results suggest new strategies for both designing and synthesizing high-performance anode materials for LIB applications.
Purpose ‘Affective prosody’ defines the supra-segmental features of speech that, when manipulated, can change the type and intensity of emotion conveyed by the speaker. Although the right hemisphere is predominantly linked to the processing of affective prosodic cues, existing literature also suggests that damage to the left hemisphere can result in similar deficits. This study aims to demonstrate, and add to the evidence, that patients with left-hemisphere injury experience difficulties with affective prosodic perception and production, measured via a new combination of assessments and analyses. It is also hypothesised that aphasia severity will be correlated with impaired processing of affective prosody. Results Stroke and control participants differed significantly on prosody perception tests of matching auditory affective cues to visual images. Prosodic production was measured by participants vocalising different affective expressions of words and monosyllables – from which significant differences were found in perceptual judgements of emotion accuracy and intensity, and acoustic analyses of pitch range and variance. There were significant correlations between participants’ Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) scores, quality of life, and prosody production. Conclusion Individuals with left-hemisphere damage after stroke have impaired affective prosodic perception and production that may be associated with reduced quality of life.
The state of charge (SOC) is important for the safety and reliability of battery operation since it indicates the remaining capacity of a battery. However, as the internal state of each cell cannot be directly measured, the value of the SOC has to be estimated. In this paper, a novel method for SOC estimation in electric vehicles (EVs) using a nonlinear observer (NLO) is presented. One advantage of this method is that it does not need complicated matrix operations, so the computation cost can be reduced. As a key step in design of the nonlinear observer, the state–space equations based on the equivalent circuit model are derived. The Lyapunov stability theory is employed to prove the convergence of the nonlinear observer. Four experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the presented method. The results show that the SOC estimation error converges to 3% within 130 s while the initial SOC error reaches 20%, and does not exceed 4.5% while the measurement suffers both 2.5% voltage noise and 5% current noise. Besides, the presented method has advantages over the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and sliding mode observer (SMO) algorithms in terms of computation cost, estimation accuracy and convergence rate.
Alternatives to animal testing have been developed mainly in the fields of toxicology and vaccine testing. Typical examples are the evaluation of phototoxicity, eye irritation or skin corrosion/irritation of cosmetics and industrial chemicals. However, examples can also be found in other biomedical areas, such the control of the quality of drug preparations for pyrogens or for the control of the production process of biologics, such as botulinum neurotoxin. For regulatory purposes, the quality, transferability and predictivity of an alternative method needs to be evaluated. This procedure is called the “validation process” of a new method. It follows defined rules, and several governmental institutions have been established to perform, supervise or advise on this process. As this often results in a delay of method implementation, different alternatives for the evaluation of a method's suitability and quality are under discussion. We describe here the principles of model development and quality control. We also give an overview on methods that have undergone validation. Strengths and shortcomings of traditional approaches are discussed, and new developments and challenges are outlined.
It is a promising development strategy to use LiFePO4/Graphene (LFP/G) hybrid cathode lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), which can simultaneously solve issues of the lengthy charging time and the battery pack heat. To capture the characteristic regulation of the temperature distribution, the working voltage, the current density, and the total heat generation of the LFP/G battery, an electrochemical-thermal coupled model for the LFP/G battery was developed through a new modeling method in ANSYS FLUENT. The experimental results showed that tendencies of the temperature distribution and the working voltage were not only agreed well with simulations, but also accurately verified the hottest area of the LFP/G battery. Further studies used the comparative analyses of the maximal temperature between the LFP/G battery and the conventional LFP battery at different discharged C-rates, the results indicated that the LFP/G battery could restrain the increase of temperature through reduced contact resistances. Our results suggested that the electrochemical-thermal coupled model could be used for electric vehicles battery management system applications.
The capacitive characteristics of activated carbon fabrics (ACFs) coated on the graphite substrates were systematically investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and the galvanostatic charge–discharge technique. Effects of the PVDF contents in the electronically conductive binder, electrochemical pretreatments, and the electrolytes on the capacitive performance of ACFs were compared in aqueous media. These ACF-pasted electrodes showed the more ideally capacitive responses in 1M NaNO3 with a specific capacitance of 76Fg−1 when the electronically conductive binder contained 40wt.% PVDF. The specific capacitance of ACF-pasted electrodes reached a maximum in 0.5M H2SO4 (about 153Fg−1 measured at 25mVs−1), due to the presence of a suitable density of oxygen-containing functional groups, when they were subjected to the potentiostatic polarization at 1.8V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) or potentio-dynamic polarization between 1.3 and 1.8V in NaNO3 for 20min. The oxygen-containing functional groups within the electrochemically pretreated ACFs were identified by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Tin-based composites using expanded mesocarbon microbeads (EMCMB) as matrix were prepared by impregnating tin chloride and the following reduction under hydrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The morphologies and structural characteristics of the composites were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD measurements. It was found that tin exists inside EMCMB in the form of oxidation states (Sn(II) and Sn(IV)) after reduction at lower temperature (below 350°C), and metallic tin exists both outside EMCMB and between carbon layers after reduction at higher temperature (450°C). The electrochemical properties of the composites as negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries were systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The results showed that loading amount of tin or tin oxides and reduction temperature had large influences on the reversible capacity and cycle performance of these composites. Among them, the composite reduced at 230°C with appropriate loading amount of tin oxides not only exhibited the high first reversible gravimetric capacity of 401mAhg−1 and an excellent cyclability with only 0.2% capacity loss/cycle at lower current density, but also showed a stable cycle performance at higher current density due to its lower resistance.
Rechargeable iodine conversion batteries possess promising prospects for portable energy storage with complete electron transfer and rich valence supply. However, the reaction is limited to the single I−/I0 redox at a potential of only 0.54 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), leading to a low voltage plateau at 1.30 V when Zn is employed as the anode. Herein, we show how to activate the desired reversible I0/I+ redox behavior at a potential of 0.99 V vs. SHE by electrolyte tailoring via F− and Cl− ion-containing salts. The electronegative F− and Cl− ions can stabilize the I+ during charging. In an aqueous Zn ion battery based on an optimized ZnCl2 + KCl electrolyte with abundant Cl−, the I-terminated halogenated Ti3C2I2 MXene cathode delivered two well-defined discharge plateaus at 1.65 V and 1.30 V, superior to all reported aqueous I2–metal (Zn, Fe, Cu) counterparts. Together with the 108% capacity enhancement, the high voltage output resulted in a significant 231% energy density enhancement. Metallic Ti3C2I2 benefits the redox kinetics and confines the interior I species, leading to exceptional cyclic durability and rate capability. In situ Raman and ex situ multiple spectral characterizations clarify the efficient activation and stabilization effects of Cl− (F−) ions on reversible I0/I+ redox. Our work is believed to provide new insight into designing advanced I2–metal batteries based on the newly discovered I−/I0/I+ chemistry to achieve both high voltage and enhanced capacity.