batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Tri-axial accelerometers are frequently deployed on terrestrial quadrupedal mammals using collars, because they are easy to fit and are thought to have minimal impact on the subject. Collar-attached devices are not fixed to the body and can move independently of the body. This may result in inaccurate measures of acceleration, reducing the accuracy of measured body movement. We determined the effect of collar size and collar weight on acceleration measured by a collar-mounted accelerometer on a quadruped mammal. The aim was to suggest best practice for sizes and weights of collars on which to deploy tri-axial accelerometers. Using pygmy goats, Capra aegagrus hircus, which were trained to walk at different speeds (0.8–3.0 km/h) on a treadmill, we measured body acceleration using a collar-mounted tri-axial accelerometer, with different collar sizes (individual neck circumference + 1 cm to + 9 cm) and collar weight (0.4% to 1.2% of individual weight).
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as an in situ technique to determine the average particle size of metal hydride electrodes. Using this, the pulverization of bare and cobalt-encapsulated LaNi4.27Sn0.24 alloy was studied as a function of charge–discharge cycles. In the case of bare alloy, pulverization causes an exponential decay in particle size with cycling. Cobalt-encapsulated alloys do not undergo much pulverization with cycling. Bode responses obtained for bare alloy electrodes indicate the increase in particle to particle resistance with cycling. Alloy oxidation, which is responsible for the increase in particle to particle resistance is absent in the case of cobalt encapsulated alloy. Surface analysis indicates the presence of alloy segregation for bare LaNi4.27Sn0.24. Decrease in particle size and increase in bare alloy resistance is accompanied with severe decay in electrode discharge capacity.
The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation on the surface of LiMn2O4 electrodes during room temperature charge–discharge cycling was studied using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fluorine (F) K-edge. LiMn2O4 electrodes without any binder were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition to eliminate the signal originating from the PVDF binder in the F K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. The F K-edge absorption spectra show that the SEI layer forms at a very early stage of cycling. SEI growth takes place during discharge. In addition, LiF formation is accelerated if the discharge step follows a charge step. The F K-edge absorption spectra suggest that the major component of the SEI is LiF.
Ramsdellite Li2Ti3O7 was first synthesized via sol–gel process with good crystallity of an average particle size of 0.175μm. The product was thoroughly investigated as a lithium intercalation compound, and as an active anode material in asymmetric supercapacitors coupling with activated carbon as cathode. Lithium intercalation reactions were found occurring at 1.32 and 1.62V versus Li/Li+, respectively. A reversible specific capacity of 150mAhg−1 at 1C was obtained on Li2Ti3O7 electrode in a nonaqueous electrolyte. The charge current was found to strongly influence the anodic discharge capacity in the asymmetric cell. The capacity retention at 10C charge–discharge rate was found to be 75.9% in comparison with that at 1C.
Nanowire arrays have attracted great attention due to their great potential to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries. In this work, we studied anode performance of lithium-ion batteries using Ni–Sn nanowire arrays. A versatile method through a porous anodic alumina (PAA) template-assisted electrochemical deposition process was developed to directly synthesize Ni–Sn nanowire arrays on copper current collectors. This method presents significant advantage that the as-prepared Ni–Sn nanowire arrays can be directly used as anode electrode without any binder or conductive materials. However, the formation of a continuous Ni–Sn film at the base of the nanowires result in quick loss of electrical contact between the active material and the current collector because of the large strain mismatch at the large continuous active/inactive material (A/I) interface. By growing short Cu nanoscrews as a buffer layer before Ni–Sn nanowire growth, the formation of Ni–Sn film was inhibited and the A/I interface was scaled down to nanoscale islands. The strain mismatch is thus significantly reduced, which results in enhanced structural stability and battery performance. The effect of the composition and the length of Ni–Sn nanowire arrays on the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries are also systematically studied.
Osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic limbs have been shown to provide an advantageous treatment option for amputees. In order for the OI prosthesis to be successful, the titanium implant must rapidly achieve and maintain proper integration with the bone tissue and remain free of infection. Electrochemical methods can be utilized to control and/or monitor the interfacial microenvironment where the titanium implant interacts with the biological system (host bone tissue or bacteria). This review will summarize the current understanding of how electrochemical modalities can influence bone tissue and bacteria with specific emphasis on applications where the metallic prosthesis itself can be utilized directly as a stimulating electrode for enhanced osseointegration and infection control. In addition, a summary of electrochemical impedance sensing techniques that could be used to potentially assess osseointegration and infection status of the metallic prosthesis is presented.
Based on the previous research, the parameters of the equivalent mechanical model are associated with state of charge, thus, the model can simulate the mechanical behavior of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under continuous state of charge with simulation software. The comparison results show that the average fitting error of the equivalent mechanical model under different state-of-charge is less than 3.91% and the simulation error for failure displacement is less than 4%. Apart from that, the equivalent spring stiffness of the equivalent mechanical model will soften under mechanical abuse. Based on this, the first order derivative of the load force to displacement (df/dx) of the equivalent mechanical model is carried out. The results show that the displacement of df/dx extreme value can better reflect the mechanical failure and soft short circuit of the battery, the average prediction error is 10.91% and 5.46% which always in advance of the actual failure. So, the failure criteria of lithium-ion batteries related to state of charge are proposed. In the future, these criteria can be used as the reference basis for judging the failure of lithium-ion batteries based on mechanical penetration and the simple form of the prediction criteria can be easily programmed into the controller.
The combination of renewable energy generation and battery energy storage has been widely recognized as a promising solution to the problems associated with variability of renewable energy in residential microgrid. However, due to the low renewable feed-in tariffs in many countries, microgrid users are generally not motivated to install expensive battery systems if they can only be used to satisfy the objective of grid operator. From this perspective, a microgrid power market that encourages users to install batteries for energy-trading will be helpful for the deployment of batteries. For such circumstances, this paper introduces a user-driven microgrid power market. The possible pricing schemes are discussed and an illustrative price controller is presented. The potential destabilizing effect of the collective trading behavior of users is analyzed. A novel dissipativity based distributed economic model prediction control approach is proposed to allow microgrid users to optimize their own benefits while ensuring the performance and stability of the residential microgrid. A simulation study with photovoltaic energy generation and Vanadium Redox batteries is presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon synthesised from garlic peel by a simple and cost-effective method has been employed as an anode material for the sodium ion (SIB) as well as lithium ion batteries (LIB). The synthesised material has been found to be mesoporous with a high specific surface area (SSA) ∼1710m2 g−1, as calculated with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm. Further, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis reveal the existence of interconnected micro-pores and voids. The N-doped garlic peel carbon (GPC) exhibits excellent rate capability as well as steady state cycling performance towards sodium and lithium ion shuttlings. Discharge capacities of about 142, 89, 58, 37mAhg−1 have been achieved at various current densities such as 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0Ag−1 respectively in a CR-2032 type Na-ion cell. Similarly, the Li-ion cell delivered reversible capacities of about 320, 280, 215 and 145mAhg−1 at different current densities of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0Ag−1 respectively. The high electrochemical performance of the N-doped GPC is mainly attributed to the existence of nitrogen in the carbon matrix and mesoporous structure coupled with a high surface area for accommodating large number of Li/Na ions.
This study analyzes the effect of quaternary ammonium homopolymer (AmPP) and ionic and non-ionic random unit copolymerization (AmPP-PP) of Diels-Alder poly(phenylene)s on electrochemical and transport properties, vanadium redox flow battery performance, and material stability. AmPP-PP materials were synthesized with IEC's up to 2.2 meq/g, displaying a carbonate form ion conductivity of 17.3 mS/cm and water uptake of 57.3%. Vanadium ion permeability studies revealed that the random copolymers possess superior charge carrier selectivity. For materials of comparable ion content, at 10 mA/cm2 the random copolymer displayed a 14% increase in coulombic efficiency (CE) corresponding to a 7% increase in energy efficiency. All quaternary ammonium materials displayed ex situ degradation in a 0.5 M V5+ + 5 M H2SO4 solution, with the rate of degradation appearing to increase with IEC. Preliminary studies reveal that the neutralizing counter-ion has a significant effect on VRB performance, proportional to changes in vanadium ion molecular diffusion.
A novel redox flow battery based on soluble organic redox active material is attracting increasing research attention, which employs a family of molecules known as quinones. A three dimensional numerical model of the novel flow battery with a flow through electrode has been developed. The electric current density and the ion current density along the electrode thickness under different specific areas and different electrode conductivities are analyzed, accounting for the electrode thickness effect on the cell performance. It can be concluded that six layers of carbon paper is the most appropriate electrode thickness. More than six layers of carbon paper provides more surface area at the expense of higher ohmic resistance, which is not appropriate. Less carbon paper cannot provide enough specific active area. The flow fields in the x direction and z direction are analyzed to account for the electric current density distribution. The high current density at the junction of the land and channel for the flow through electrode cell is related to the flow field in z direction. The simulation results are well-fitted for the experiment data. In addition, we improve the previously existing electrolyte conductivity calculation model and demonstrate that accurate electrolyte conductivity values are required for accurate modeling of the experiment. The model is validated using data obtained from combining a quinone/hydroquinone couple with a Br2/Br− redox couple flow battery system.
Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles (5∼10 nm) have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly using the FeOOH/SWNT composite (containing 15 wt% SWNTs) as anode material for lithium battery enhances kinetics of the Li+ insertion/extraction processes, thereby effectively improving reversible capacity and cycle performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 758 mAh·g−1 under a current density of 400 mA·g−1 even after 180 cycles, being comparable with previous reports in terms of electrochemical performance for FeOOH anode. The good electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the small particle size and nano-crystalline of FeOOH, as well as the good electronic conductivity of SWNT matrix.
A new solid polymer electrolyte, composed of a polymeric matrix of biodegradable polymer, poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) and 10% LiClO4 was used in a rechargeable lithium polymer battery. A LiNiCoO2 film prepared by the combination of sol–gel synthesis and a template concept was used as the cathode. Cyclic voltammetry, charge/discharge cycle and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were used to characterize the Li|PCL, 10% LiClO4|LiNiCoO2 device. The specific charge/discharge capacity was determined to be 182mAhg−1 in the first cycles and 120mAhg−1 after 50 cycles. High lithium chemical diffusion coefficients values were obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The electrochemical properties of single particles of pristine and P-doped soft carbon (18, 12um in diameter, respectively, provided by GS Energy Co.) were investigated using a microelectrode technique. A finely manipulated Ni-plated platinum filament (diameter:15um) was used to maintain electrical contact with a soft carbon single particle in the organic electrolyte under optical microscope observation and the galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were carried out. This single particle technique using microelectrode gives intrinsic information on the material, itself, without mixing effect with electrode parameters such as compositions (binder and conductive agent), density (porosity) and loading amounts on the unit area. The discharge capacity of pristine and P-doped soft carbon single particle were 1.4 nAh and 0.6 nAh, respectively, in the potential range of 0.005-2.5V vs Li/Li+, which shows fairly agreement with the results of coin type half cell. The discharge rate capability of the single soft carbon particle was excellent, and the single particle exhibited the discharge retention of about 80% at a high rate of 70C (100nA). The delithiation process of the soft carbon single particle was not controlled only by Li ion diffusion, but by the charge transfer reaction at a rate up to 70C. The charge transfer resistances of soft carbon, which were estimated by Tafel plot of single particle, increased remarkably by P-doping. The kinetic properties, including charge transfer and film resistances of soft carbon with P-doping will be discussed.
A flexible carbonized cotton covered by graphene/Co-doped SnO2 (CGN/SnO2-Co) composite is prepared by in situ and subsequent microwave method, then followed by thermal annealing treatment. The SnO2 nanoparticles with ultra-small size are uniform decorated on the CGN framework, and Co element has been successful doping into SnO2. It is found that doping process does not affect the phase structure of SnO2, but great influence the morphology, the electrical conductivity, and the electrochemical properties on the composites. As a free-standing and binder-free anode for lithium-ions batteries, the discharge capacity of CGN/SnO2-Co have a high value of 549.6mAhg−1 (1996μAcm−2) after 100 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1, which is much higher than those of cotton covered by graphene/SnO2 (CGN/SnO2) and cotton covered by graphene/Co3O4 (CGN/Co3O4) at the same current. The improved performance of CGN/SnO2-Co can be attributed to the highly stable and conductive CGN framework, ultra-small size of SnO2 nanoparticles, and Co doping effect. It is reasonable to believe that this work has a great potential improve the performance of energy storage devices.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in physics, chemistry, engineering and medicine to study complex materials. In this paper, numerical solution of fractional Bloch equations in MRI is obtained using fractional variation iteration method (FVIM) and fractional homotopy perturbation transform method (FHPTM). Sufficient conditions for the convergence of FVIM and its error estimate are established. The obtained results are compared with the existing as well as recently developed methods and with the exact solution. The obtained numerical results for different fractional values of time derivative are discussed with the help of figures and tables. Figures are drawn using the Maple package. Test examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy and competency of the proposed schemes.
Variable renewables such as solar photovoltaics and wind power are key technologies for achieving the decarbonization of the power sector. However, they differ significantly from conventional power generation sources. As the share of variable renewables increases, these differences lead to numerous challenges in power systems. Failure to deal with these challenges may jeopardize power system reliability or the achievement of decarbonization targets. Various solution technologies are available to mitigate these challenges. The extant literature, however, lacks clarity on the scope of the challenges and the solution technologies to address them. This study provides a comprehensive overview of challenges and solution technologies among all domains of the power system. The interrelation matrix of challenges and solution technologies developed in this study provides important insights: First, solution technologies vary significantly in their potential to solve certain challenges. The solution potential of different technologies can therefore help prioritize solution technologies in addition to focusing on cost-effective options. Second, it is possible to identify groups of solution technologies that can help mitigate certain challenge groups. The categorization developed in this paper helps to better specify the need for specific solution technologies and enhances transparency of the complex process of renewable energy integration.
Extended cycling of a soluble lead acid battery can lead to problems due to an imbalance in the coulombic efficiency leading to deposits of Pb and PbO2 on the electrodes. Periodic addition of hydrogen peroxide to the electrolyte of the soluble lead acid flow battery largely overcomes several operational problems seen during extended cycling, using a 10cm×10cm parallel plate flow cell. It is shown that this treatment greatly extends the number of cycles that can be achieved with a reasonable energy-, voltage-, and charge efficiency of 54–66%, 71%, and 77–91%.
Sodium-ion pouch cells with up to 1000 cycles are presented by using a NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode, a hard carbon anode, and a functional electrolyte. The functional electrolyte is composed of 1 M NaPF6 dissolved in a 1:1 (v/v) mixed solvent of propylene carbonate (PC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) with 3–4 wt% of two or three additives, including fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PST), and 1,3,2-Dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide (DTD). It is shown that the capacity retentions of the cells increase to 84.4% and 92.2% after 1000 cycles for electrolytes containing FEC-PST bi-additive and FEC-PST-DTD tri-additive, respectively, as compared with that containing FEC single additive. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical, and transmission electron microscopy, post-mortem analyses on the surface of the cycled electrodes indicate that PST and DTD are beneficial to the anode by forming an organic compound rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and to the cathode by forming a dense and thick cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) that consequently prevents transition metal ions from dissolving into electrolyte.
Hollow nano-/micromaterials with tunable shell architectures and compositions are becoming increasingly important and attractive for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here, we report carbon-incorporated mixed anionic nickel phosphorus-selenium (Ni0.85Se|P) hollow yolk-shell microspheres synthesized by simultaneous selenization and phosphatization of Ni-based metal organic framework (Ni-MOF). Our experimental results indicated that P-doping reduces the synthesis temperature of the system and enhances the crystallinity of Ni0.85Se. As a result, this unique structure (Ni0.85Se|P) with better crystallinity and higher Ni2+/Ni3+ ratio shows outstanding specific capacity of 506 C g−1 at 1 A g−1. And the assembled Ni0.85Se|P//AC hybrid supercapacitor shows high power density of 20.7 Wh kg−1 at energy density of 798.7 W kg−1. Meanwhile, Ni0.85Se|P exhibits smaller Tafel slope of 90 mV dec−1 and lower onset overpotential of 179 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than that of NiP2 and Ni0.85Se, which demonstrates the modulated electronic structure of Ni0.85Se|P. Our study will provide a new strategy for combining P-doped induced high crystallinity mixed anion transition metal complexes with MOF of hollow structures for energy storage device and HER.
Sheffler LR, Hennessey MT, Knutson JS, Chae J. Neuroprosthetic effect of peroneal nerve stimulation in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. Objective To determine the neuroprosthetic effect of a peroneal nerve stimulator on tasks of functional ambulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Design A single point-in-time assessment of functional ambulation tasks under the conditions of no device and peroneal nerve stimulator. Setting Outpatient academic medical center. Participants Participants (N=11) with diagnosis of MS (>6mo), dorsiflexion weakness, and prior usage of an ankle-foot orthosis. Intervention Surface peroneal nerve stimulator for ambulation. Main Outcome Measures Timed 25-foot Walk portion of the MS Functional Composite; Floor, Carpet, Up and Go, Obstacle, and Stair components of the Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile. Results Peroneal nerve stimulator-Stair performance was significantly enhanced (P=.05) versus no device, and statistical significance was approached for peroneal nerve stimulator-Obstacles (P=.09) versus no device. There were no significant differences between peroneal nerve stimulator and no device conditions in the remaining outcome measures. Conclusions The neuroprosthetic effect of the peroneal nerve stimulator is modest relative to no device in the performance of specific functional tasks of ambulation in MS gait. A longitudinal, controlled trial is needed to show effectiveness.
Extreme obesity has been associated with cognitive deficits across the lifespan and may be a risk factor for dementia in later life. However, the relationship between obesity and domain-specific cognitive deficits is complicated by a body of literature that often fails to adequately account for medical and psychiatric conditions frequently co-occurring with extreme obesity.