batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The study aims at discussing abiotic stress-related genes and metabolites in the crosstalking signal transduction pathways with emphasis to those in leaves of wild barley Hordeum spontaneum. Selected pathways involve tryptophan and target of rapamycin (or TOR) complex as core metabolites. In H. spontaneum, route towards tryptophan production seems to be mediated via anthranilate synthase acting as a master switch. Downstream auxin-related factors and proteins can secure plant’s ability to maintain proper growth rates and stress tolerance. Detected TOR in H. spontaneum participates in several signal transduction related pathways with a central role in nutrient starvation, ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis and in standing oxidative and other abiotic stresses. TOR also participates as a master regulator of lifespan, aging and autophagy in H. spontaneum to regulate growth and maintain plant yield and its attributes under stress conditions. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes some mechanisms by which wild plant species, e.g., H. spontaneum, utilize to cope with abiotic stresses.
Earlier this year a study was carried out to understand and measure the user experience that ebooks provide. With an emphasis on the Apple iPad 2, the study evaluated the user experience that fourth generation ebook readers offer. Qualitative and quantitative study affirmed that the user experience rests not just in the ebook but on the device that the ebook is read. The experience must be harmonious between book and cover, and the reading experience will be heightened if both device and contents can engage the reader on a functional, material, and emotional level as well as a cognitive or experiential level.
Macroporous structures have attracted great interest for a wide range of applications due to their unique structure-determined physical and chemical properties. In regard to the inherent low surface area, decoration of macroporous structures with small building blocks (including nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, nanosheets, etc.) to form macroporous composite materials therefore have been highly pursued very recently. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in synthesis of hierarchical macroporous composite materials and their potential applications as photoelectrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells.
Dimensionality and rational design of electrode architectures play a crucial role in determining materials' fundamental properties and the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor. For a proof-of-concept, Ni–Co layered double hydroxides (LDH), NiCo2O4 and NiCo2S4 nanosheets supported on carbon fiber paper (CFP) substrate are prepared by simple hydrothermal methods in this work. When tested as the pseudo-capacitor positive electrode, the self-support nanosheets on CFP demonstrate good performance and rate capability as well as excellent cycling life, which contributes to the unique hierarchical nanosheets structure supported on 3D conductive CFP substrate with open permeable channels, facilitating electrolyte penetration and ensuring more efficient ion diffusion and faster electron transport. The asymmetric supercapacitor based on pseudocapacitance of both electrodes is further first realized by using NiCo2S4 nanosheets and FeOOH nanorods as positive and negative materials, respectively. The obtained device can deliver a maximum power density of 8.6kWkg−1 and energy density of 45.9Whkg−1 and even after 10000 reversible cycles at a cell voltage of 1.6V in aqueous electrolyte, there still retained 86.4% of its initial capacitance.
The severe instability with lithium (Li) anode of NASICON-structure Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) solid-state electrolyte (SSE) greatly hinders its practical applications in the all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with high energy density and safety. In order to alleviate this issue, here we employed an artificial protective layer of LAGP glass on the surface of ceramic LAGP sheet to construct a surface amorphized electrolyte via a spin-coating co-sintering method. AC impedance test and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling of Li/electrolytes/Li symmetrical cell suggest that enabled by this glass layer, the surface amorphized LAGP can exhibit better compatibility with Li anode. In addition, with a poly(ethylene oxide) polymer electrolyte in the cathode side, at 0.1 C under 60 °C, the LiFePO4/Li ASSLB using surface amorphized LAGP can keep stable for 120 cycles with a retention of 93.6%, which is more than 13 times of the cell using ceramic LAGP (6.9%). The formation mechanisms of unstable interphases in LAGP/Li interface were briefly summarized, and probable reasons behind the good compatibility between and LAGP glass and Li were discussed.
Acute renal dysfunction post lung transplant is one of the morbidities encountered that will impact the outcome and costs of both hospitalisation and community care. This is a retrospective study analysing 51 cases of sequential bilateral lung transplant over the last 3 years. As primary variables we analysed pre and post-operative eGFR, ischaemic time, bypass time, intra/post-operative blood products, inotropic support peri - operatively, CVVH required, haemodialysis on discharge, duration of postoperative ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit, return to theatre. Secondary variables analysed were bilateral lung transplant, and comorbidities. There were 29 patients who developed post-operative renal impairment, (57%) out of which 18 patients required CVVH within the first week of ITU stay. Out of these patients, there were 7 patients who were discharge to the ward on haemodialysis. Out of the 29 patients who developed post-operative renal impairment (eGFR<60), only 4 patient had pre-operative renal impairment (eGFR <60). Out of the 7 patients discharged to the ward on dialysis, 6 patients required post-operative inotropes, only one pre-operative inotropes and 6 patients required intra-operative blood products. 18 patients requiring CVVH post-transplant had a median bypass time of 300 mins and an ischaemic time of 350 mins. Out of the 18 CVVH patients, 17 patients required blood transfusion intra-operatively and 15 patients post-operatively. Out of the CVVH patients 15 patients had a prolonged ventilation (>1 day). A prolonged ischaemic time, as well as a prolonged operative time, mainly due to bilateral lung transplantation, as well as usage of blood products intra-operatively and inotropic support post operatively seems to be associated with a high incidence of renal impairment post sequential bilateral lung transplantation.
Various α-Fe2O3 nanoplates have been successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method using N-methylimidazole (N-Mim) as the main solvent, and studied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Structural characterizations reveal that the as-obtained nanoplates are composed of different submits via a particle-particle assembly way. The morphologies of assembled α-Fe2O3 nanoplates could be tailored through adjusting the concentration of FeCl3 and the reaction solvents. Moreover, electrochemical results show that the assembled α-Fe2O3 nanoplates with different subunits are demonstrated to have the variation in the cycling performance and rate capability. The as-optimized α-Fe2O3 nanoplates could exhibit a discharging capacity of 603mAh/g after 50 cycles at 100mA/g. These results suggest it is plausible to tailor the subunits of assembled structures for obtaining high-performance electrode materials.
Introduction: Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea represent two of the most prevalent and debilitating sleep disorders, which are often associated with adverse health-related consequences. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of insomnia symptoms and their associations with the risk of suicidal ideations in the patients with objectively diagnosed OSA. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients referred to the sleep assessment unit of a university-affiliated hospital completed a battery of intake questionnaire that assessed sleep-related variables and mood symptoms. Relevant clinical information and polysomnographic (PSG) data were collected and analysed. Results: The final study sample consisted of 516 patients with PSG-confirmed OSA. About 35% of the subjects reported frequently experiencing at least one type of insomnia. The prevalence of sleep onset insomnia, sleep maintenance insomnia and insomnia with early awakening was 21%, 20% and 15%, respectively. Different subtypes of insomnia were variably associated with female gender, older age, apnea–hypopnea index, and comorbid medical and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as other sleep disorders. Subjects with insomnia complaints had poorer subjective and objective sleep quality and presented with a higher level of anxiety (p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with the presence of suicidal ideation after controlling for potential confounding factors (odds ratio = 2.00; 95% CI 1.16–3.45). Conclusion: Insomnia symptoms are commonly reported in OSA patients and are associated with a constellation of demographic and clinical factors with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Integrated management of insomnia complaints is indicated and future studies are warranted to explore the efficacy of optimal strategies to treat comorbid insomnia and OSA.
Composite silicon film, which is composed of silicon nanowires, Si–Au eutectic and Si particles as the melding spots, was prepared as anode for lithium ion batteries by a special secondary deposition process with vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. Au–Si eutectic particles act as the melding spots between silicon nanowires. An attractive electrochemical performance with 88% of the coulombic efficiency in the first cycle was obtained in the charge–discharge tests. The connection among silicon nanowires by dispersed Si–Au particles is the key factor for the enhancement of its electrochemical reversibility.
The incidence of Achilles tendinopathy is high and underlying etiology as well as biochemical and morphological pathology associated with the disease is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe biochemical and morphological differences in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The expressions of growth factors, inflammatory mediators and tendon morphology were determined in both chronically diseased and healthy tendon parts.
A sensitive immunohistochemical method for phosphorylated α-synuclein was used to stain sets of sections of spinal cord and tissue from 41 different sites in the bodies of 92 subjects, including 23 normal elderly, 7 with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), 17 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), 9 with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 19 with Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies (ADLB) and 17 with Alzheimer’s disease with no Lewy bodies (ADNLB). The relative densities and frequencies of occurrence of phosphorylated α-synuclein histopathology (PASH) were tabulated and correlated with diagnostic category. The greatest densities and frequencies of PASH occurred in the spinal cord, followed by the paraspinal sympathetic ganglia, the vagus nerve, the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine organs. The frequency of PASH within other organs and tissue types was much lower. Spinal cord and peripheral PASH was most common in subjects with PD and DLB, where it appears likely that it is universally widespread. Subjects with ILBD had lesser densities of PASH within all regions, but had frequent involvement of the spinal cord and paraspinal sympathetic ganglia, with less-frequent involvement of end-organs. Subjects with ADLB had infrequent involvement of the spinal cord and paraspinal sympathetic ganglia with rare involvement of end-organs. Within the gastrointestinal tract, there was a rostrocaudal gradient of decreasing PASH frequency and density, with the lower esophagus and submandibular gland having the greatest involvement and the colon and rectum the lowest.
In order to improve the cycling stability of SnSb/C nanofiber anodes for Li-ion batteries, the deep cryogenic treatment was firstly used to modify the morphology structure of SnSb/C nanofibers. Three different processing schedules were employed to treat SnSb/C precursor nanofibers including direct carbonization, deep cryogenic treatment & carbonization, and carbonization & deep cryogenic treatment. The morphology structure, especially the morphology rebuilding mechanism has been evaluated after being treated by these three schedules. The decreased-porous and increased-porous SnSb/C nanofibers were rebuilt because the increased carbon trapped in pores to close some pores and induced more CO2 evolution to create more pores, respectively. The SnSb/C nanofiber anodes with more pores and larger surface area exhibited improved cycling stability and coulombic efficiency. The deep cryogenic treatment was successfully used to modify the morphologies and properties of nanofibers, it provided a new way to improve the electrochemical performance of nanofiber anodes.
Accurate prediction of service life is a major challenge for the reliable application of lithium ion batteries in satellite and electric vehicle fields. This paper carries out systematic orthogonal experiments to extract key stress factor of capacity loss for commercial LiCoO2/MCMB (mesocarbon microbeads) lithium ion batteries cycled in shallow-depth discharge. Further, single stress factor and multi-stress factor models consisting of temperature, discharge rate, taper voltage and depth of discharge for cycle life prediction of lithium ion batteries are developed. The physicochemical significance of the life prediction model is interpreted by electrochemical analysis. The practical applicability of the models is validated by experimental data. Our multi-stress factor model is helpful to predicting the lifetime of LIBs with shallow-depth discharge, and to optimizing the operation regime of LIBs for electric vehicle or satellite use.
One of the most compelling, yet controversial new approaches to educational reform is Multiple Intelligences Theory, or MI. Recent advances in cognitive science, developmental psychology and neuroscience suggest that each person's intelligence is actually made up of autonomous faculties that can work individually or in concert with other faculties. Motivation has, on the other hand, been widely accepted by both teachers and researchers as one of the key factors that influence the rate and success of second/foreign language learning. According to Gardner (1985), there are two types of motivation: integrative and instrumental. Researchers (Arnold & Fonseca, 2004; Christison,2005) argue that the base of intelligence and the type of motivation a learner possesses, affects the ways s/he favors certain materials and the ways s/he learns them. This study is an attempt to provide empirical evidence to the possible relation between the type and the base of intelligence and motivation, and learners’ satisfaction of Interchange and Top Notch Elementary books through a complicated analysis of the data obtained from Student Textbook Evaluation Questionnaire, Multiple Intelligences Development Assessment Scales (MIDAS) Questionnaire, and Gardner's Motivation Test Battery (MTB). In combining the results of the three questionnaires used, it was found that both groups had both instrumental and integrative motivation and a higher base of intrapersonal and logical-mathematical intelligences. They were also satisfied with their textbooks due to variety of topics and exercises included.
The effect of the particle size of LiCoO2 on the operating temperature-dependent performance of lithium batteries is investigated. The LiCoO2 particle size is successfully controlled by modifying the powder preparation process and well-controlled nanocrystalline LiCoO2 powders are obtained. It is found that the discharge capacity of a cell made with the nanocrystalline powder is slightly lower than that of cells made with micron-sized powders. On the other hand, the cycle performance of the cell using nanocrystalline LiCoO2 powder is consistent over the selected operating range of temperature (−15 to 60°C) without deterioration. It is concluded that the smaller size of the particles contributes to the enhancement of the reliability by increasing the specific surface-area for intercalation sites, and by enhancing the resistance to mechanical failure especially at higher temperatures.
The stability and kinetics of the Li–Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) interface were characterized as a function of temperature and current density. Polycrystalline LLZO was densified using a rapid hot-pressing technique achieving 97 ± 1% relative density, and <10% grain boundary resistance; effectively consisting of an ensemble of single LLZO crystals. It was determined that by heating to 175 °C, the room temperature Li-LLZO interface resistance decreases dramatically from 5822 (as-assembled) to 514 Ω cm2; a > 10-fold decrease. In characterizing the maximum sustainable current density (or critical current density – CCD) of the Li-LLZO interface, several signs of degradation were observed. In DC cycling tests, significant deviation from Ohmic behavior was observed. In post-cycling tests, regions of metallic Li were observed; propagating parallel to the ionic current. For the cells cycled at 30, 70, 100, 130 and 160 °C, the CCD was determined to be 50, 200, 800, 3500, and 20000 μA cm−2, respectively. The relationships and phenomena observed in this work can be used to better understand the Li-LLZO interface stability, enabling the use of batteries employing Li metal anodes.
A novel carbon paper electrode coated with supported tungsten trioxide is developed to improve the carbon fiber’s electrochemical performance toward the vanadium redox couples. Super activated carbon supported tungsten trioxide (WO3/SAC) is prepared via an impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode is evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that WO3/SAC exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and kinetic reversibility toward the vanadium redox couples. By adding the WO3/SAC, the charge transfer resistances for both the positive and the negative reactions are significantly reduced. Using as prepared electrodes, the columbic efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE) and energy efficiency (EE) of the vanadium redox flow battery at 50 mA cm−2 are 94.5%, 85.2% and 80.5%, respectively, which are much higher than that of the cell assembled with pristine carbon paper electrodes.
There are relatively few publications that assess capacity decline in enough commercial cells to quantify cell-to-cell variation, but those that do show a surprisingly wide variability. Capacity curves cross each other often, a challenge for efforts to measure the state of health and predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of individual cells. We analyze capacity fade statistics for 24 commercial pouch cells, providing an estimate for the time to 5% failure. Our data indicate that RUL predictions based on remaining capacity or internal resistance are accurate only once the cells have already sorted themselves into “better” and “worse” ones. Analysis of our failure data, using maximum likelihood techniques, provide uniformly good fits for a variety of definitions of failure with normal and with 2- and 3-parameter Weibull probability density functions, but we argue against using a 3-parameter Weibull function for our data. pdf fitting parameters appear to converge after about 15 failures, although business objectives should ultimately determine whether data from a given number of batteries provides sufficient confidence to end lifecycle testing. Increased efforts to make batteries with more consistent lifetimes should lead to improvements in battery cost and safety.
The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) is the first WIMP dark matter detector operating with a liquid xenon target mass above the ton-scale. Out of its 3.2 t liquid xenon inventory, 2.0 t constitute the active target of the dual-phase time projection chamber. The scintillation and ionization signals from particle interactions are detected with low-background photomultipliers. This article describes the XENON1T instrument and its subsystems as well as strategies to achieve an unprecedented low background level. First results on the detector response and the performance of the subsystems are also presented.
PolyFuel in the US has entered into an agreement to provide UK-based Johnson Matthey with its hydrocarbon membrane, developed for use in fuel cells for powering portable devices.
Exothermic chemical reactions from nitrocellulose are coupled onto Sb2Te3 (antimony telluride) and Bi2Te3 (bismuth telluride) layers to generate self-propagating oscillating thermopower waves. P-type Sb2Te3 and N-type Bi2Te3 are employed due to their large Seebeck coefficients, high electrical conductivities and their complementary semiconducting properties. Sources based on both materials exhibit high power to mass ratios: up to 0.6 kW kg−1 for Sb2Te3 and 1.0 kW kg−1 for Bi2Te3. Having both P- and N-type semiconductors in the system, the combination of the outputs can be used for generating sources with polarities alternating in time.
Electrochemical performance, abundance and cost are three crucial criteria to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of Li4Ti5O12 as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, hierarchical hollow Li4Ti5O12 microspheres (HLTOMs) assembled by zigzag-like nanosheets are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of scalable lithium peroxotitanate complex solution using low-cost commercial H2TiO3 particles as titanium sources, followed by a calcination treatment. Precursor solution concentration, Li/Ti ratio, hydrothermal temperature and duration are found correlative and should be optimized to obtain pure Li4Ti5O12 products. A high yield of HLTOMs up to 120 g L−1 was achieved. Due to the unique morphology, the HLTOMs deliver an outstanding rate capability of 139, 125 and 108 mA h g−1 at 10, 20 and 30 C, respectively, and exhibit 94% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 30C indicating excellent stability. These values are much superior to those of commercial Li4Ti5O12 particles (CLTOPs), showing HLTOMs are promising anode materials for LIBs.
In this study, the mechanism of enhanced performance of ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 especially at high potential range is systematically investigated. Firstly, when overcharging to 4.5V (higher than 4.2V, the normal cutoff charging potential), phase transformation from H1 to H2 takes place with less volume expansion for ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 (1.2% and 2.2% for as-received one). EIS analysis indicates the growth of interfacial impedance during charging/discharging can be effectively suppressed with ZrO2 coating on the LiCoO2 surface. It is demonstrated as well that cation mixing of the cycled LiCoO2 caused by re-intercalation of dissolved Co2+ is inhibited with the ZrO2 coating on the LiCoO2. Therefore the ZrO2-coated LiCoO2 shows great enhancement in the electrochemical properties with 85% capacity retention after 30 cycles from 3 to 4.5V at a rate of 0.5C. Nevertheless, under the same evaluation process, the as-received LiCoO2 possesses only 21% capacity retention, which is resulted from the formation of polymeric layers by the electrolyte decomposition on its surface, the higher volumetric changes during charging/discharging and possible cation mixing by re-intercalation of the dissolved Co2+.