batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs) are promising candidates in the next generation of energy storage technology; the voltage mismatch and the resulting side reactions at the interface between the cathode and the solid electrolyte, however, dramatically deteriorate their cycling performance. Herein, for the first time, we report that the chemical interaction between LiCoO2 (LCO) and TiO2 can be regulated by two additives, carbon and Li2CO3, which in situ form a continuous ultrathin pure-phase Li2CoTi3O8 (LCTO) layer with a stable 3D network of spinel structures, relatively low electronic conductivity (2.5 × 10−8 S cm−1) and high lithium diffusion coefficient (DLi+ = 8.22 × 10−7 cm2 s−1) on the surface of LCO. When assembled in ASSLIBs, such an LCTO layer functions as an interlayer between the LCO and the Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolyte (LGPS). As a consequence, the original interface LCO/LGPS is substituted by two new interfaces LCO/LCTO and LCTO/LGPS. DFT calculations indicate that, compared with the LCO/LGPS, the new interfaces are not only thermodynamically and electrochemically more compatible, but also have higher interfacial affinity. Therefore, the relevant ASSLIB exhibits evidently reduced interfacial impedance, and it also displays a high initial capacity of 140 mA h g−1 and a reversible discharge specific capacity of 116 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at room temperature (0.1C). In comparison, the ASSLIB assembled without the LCTO interlayer delivers an initial capacity of 98 mA h g−1 and only retains 22.4% capacity after 100 cycles (0.1C). Even at a high cutoff voltage (4.5 V vs. Li/Li+), the ASSLIB with the LCTO interlayer could also exhibit a high initial capacity of 180 mA h g−1 and a remarkable retention of 132 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles.
Résumé 40 à 60 p. 100 des patients atteints de sclérose en plaques présentent des troubles cognitifs. La fréquence selon les formes cliniques et l’histoire naturelle de ces troubles restent incomplètement connues. Ces troubles sont présents dès le début de la maladie et sont retrouvés avec des fréquences croissantes dans les syndromes cliniquement isolés, les formes rémittentes et les formes progressives secondaires. Les troubles sont également assez fréquents dans les formes progressives primaires. Les fonctions les plus fréquemment atteintes sont la vitesse de traitement de l’information, l’attention et la mémoire. Les démences sont rares mais peuvent être révélatrices. L’atteinte diffuse cérébrale, évaluée par l’imagerie résonance magnétique contribue à ces troubles probablement en interrompant la communication entre les réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans ces fonctions. Des phénomènes de compensation sont possibles au début mais sont limités par l’étendue de l’atteinte lésionnelle.
Developing active, stable and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts is critical for energy storage and conversion application. Constructing heterogeneous structures can integrate distinct individual properties into one entity and can yield exceptional functionalities. Herein, we report heterogeneous NiS2/CoS2 nanohybrids that are synthesized by successive ion injection method. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the weak lattice distortion and the electronic modulation, the NiS2/CoS2 electrode exhibits much more catalytic active sites and faster electronic transfer rate, thus leading to better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances in KOH solution than the individual NiS2 and CoS2. Moreover, the solid state Zn-air battery (SSZAB) with NiS2/CoS2 as the air electrode exhibits a peak power density of 101 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 734 mAh g−1. For practical application, the two-series-connected NiS2/CoS2-based SSZABs can power light-emitting diode (LED) screens and water splitting system efficiently. In addition, the electrocatalytic properties of NiS2/CoS2 in solid state electrolyte deserve further investigation. This work opens a new way for developing high efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts in KOH solution for electronic device utilization.
We discuss the ex-post disaggregation of electric storage operation by time differences between charging and discharging, i.e. by how long energy is stored prior to the discharge. This adds a new dimension to the analysis of storage time shifting revenue and allows for additional insights into the historic value loss of storage assets. We apply this method to stylized pumped hydro and battery storage systems operating on historic European (Swiss and German/Austrian) day-ahead electricity price curves (2007–2017). We find that historic trends of the disaggregated revenue are highly diverse depending on the timescales. Changes in relative revenue shares are primarily driven by the price profile distortion due to increasing photovoltaic electricity generation. In the battery storage case this results in a 1.5 h reduction of charging-discharging time differences between 2008 and 2012. The case of pumped hydro storage plants is more complex: Main revenue losses occur for time differences of 6 to 12 h. Revenues on other timescales are much more stable or even increasing. This especially holds for short transfer times between 0 and 6 h: In the German/Austrian market area, they contribute 17% to total pumped hydro storage revenue in 2016, as compared to 3% in 2008. The disaggregation also enables the analysis of contributions from hours with outlier electricity prices. These are found to be especially significant in the years 2007 and 2008. Overall, we find that storage operation has been increasingly diversified due to the historic price profile evolution. The often discussed revenue erosion offers new opportunities on different timescales.
The objective of this work was to integrate a lithium ion battery pack, together with its management system, into a hydrogen fuel cell drive train contained in a lightweight city car. Electronic units were designed to link the drive train components using conventional circuitry. These were built, tested and shown to perform according to the design. These circuits allowed start-up of battery management system, motor controller, fuel cell warm-up and torque monitoring. After assembling the fuel cell and battery in the vehicle, full system tests were performed. Analysis of results from vehicle demonstrations showed operation was satisfactory. The conclusion was that the electronic integration was successful, but the design needed optimisation and fine tuning. Eight vehicles were then fitted with the electronically integrated fuel cell-battery power pack. Trials were then started to test the integration more fully, with a duration of 12 months from 2011 to 2012 in the CABLED project.
The flow of groundwater beneath barrier islands has been cited as a possible pathway for salt water and chemical exchange between a protected embayment and the open sea. Evidence is presented that identifies an exchange of groundwater through a highly permeable paleoinlet along the barrier beach of Cavallino, which separates the northern Venice Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. We utilized both point measurements of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and a geophysical investigation of the subsurface resistivity to analyze the movement of saline groundwater. Discharge of groundwater and associated nutrients, was higher at the site of a former inlet than at a similar site along the barrier and modulated by the difference in tidal water level between the lagoon and Adriatic Sea. If the measured conditions are typical, storm surge barriers could potentially result in a saline groundwater flow of up to 1.5×106 m3 d−1 into the lagoon.
The occupational exposure limits (OELs) in Taiwan was promulgated in 1974 and has been revised five times since then. Many of the OELs were adopted from the most recent ACGIH TLVs and US OSHA PELs. A total of 483 chemicals were listed in the current Taiwan OELs Standard. The procedures of OELs development in Taiwan include the IOSH organized a recommended exposure limits (RELs) Committee to select the target chemicals and to recommend the RELs through literature review based on the health effects in the first stage, then, the CLA put policy needs, economical and technical feasibility into consideration and set up the final OELs at the second stage. A standard operation manual of RELs Committee has been developed. Based on our experience, several issues including the participation of representatives from a comprehensive spectrum, communication/education and training/enforcement, continuous collection of the local exposure data and health hazard information, use of health risk assessment, consideration of economic, and technical feasibility, as well as the globalization and information and experience sharing are critical in developing the appropriate OELs. Three examples including benzene, crystalline silica, and 2-methoxy ethanol are given to demonstrate the operation of system.
High levels of anxiety and depression are common psychological symptoms among children and adolescents. These symptoms affect young people in multiple life domains and are possible precursors of long-term psychological distress. Despite relatively high prevalence, few children with emotional problems are referred for clinical treatment, indicating the need for systematic prevention. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate an indicated preventive intervention, EMOTION Coping Kids Managing Anxiety and Depression (EMOTION), to reduce high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
LiCoO2 films were directly deposited on electron-conducting substrates using electrochemical reflux method in an aqueous solution under ambient atmosphere at a fixed temperature between 100 and 200°C with a fixed current density between 0.1 and 1.0mAcm−2. The structural and compositional purities of the deposited LiCoO2 film were confirmed by elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction pattern analyses, and Raman spectroscopy. According to the Raman spectroscopy and the voltage versus capacity profiles for the deposited LiCoO2 film, it appears that the deposited film consists of layered LiCoO2 phase (space group R 3 ¯ m ). Although the deposited LiCoO2 film was fabricated in a very economical and simple way, it exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 54.1μAh/cm2 μm and the discharge capacity retention of 85.6% over 15 cycles.
The gynoecium inM. denudatawas thermogenic, and the first peak in the female phase lasted longer than the second peak in the male phase during flowering.
The interface of high-quality crystalline silicon/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (c-Si/a-Si:H) is indispensable for achieving the ideal conversion efficiency of Si heterojunction solar cells. Therefore, it is extremely desirable to characterize and control the interface at the atomic scale. Here, we employ spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy to investigate the atomic structure of the c-Si/a-Si:H interface in high-efficiency Si heterojunction solar cells. Their structural evolution during in situ annealing is visualized at the atomic scale. High-density embedded nanotwins, detrimental to the device performance, are identified in the thin epitaxial layer between c-Si and a-Si:H. The nucleation and formation of these nanotwins are revealed via ex situ and in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Si heterojunction solar cells with low-density nanotwins are fabricated by introducing an ultra-thin intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layer and show better performance, indicating that the strategy to restrain embedded nanotwins can further enhance the conversion efficiency of Si heterojunction solar cells.
Porous nanostructured LiFePO4 powder with a narrow particle size distribution (100–300nm) for high rate lithium-ion battery cathode application was obtained using an ethanol based sol–gel route employing lauric acid as a surfactant. The synthesized LiFePO4 powders comprised of agglomerates of crystallites <65nm in diameter exhibiting a specific surface area ranging from 8m2 g−1 to 36m2 g−1 depending on the absence or presence of the surfactant. The LiFePO4 obtained using lauric acid resulted in a specific capacity of 123mAhg−1 and 157mAhg−1 at discharge rates of 10C and 1C with less than 0.08% fade per cycle, respectively. Structural and microstructural characterization were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis while electronic conductivity and specific surface area were determined using four-point probe and N2 adsorption techniques.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are currently best energy storage devices providing rechargeable electrical storage to wide variety of applications – from portable electronics to automobiles. Though, these batteries are fully adopted, widely used and commercialized, but researchers are still extensively working on their constituent materials and developing technology to improve their performance. A major part of related research activities is devoted to the electrode of the battery for improvement in its performance thereby addressing issues like safety, lifetime, specific capacity, energy density and most importantly abundance and cost. There are number of cathode materials that have been proposed and tested at laboratory scale and subsequently utilized in commercialized batteries ever since the appearance of LIBs. Owing to the availability of improved computational resources in the last decade, first principles calculation has become a reliable tool and played a vital role to predict the material properties of electrodes prior to their experimental analysis. This review gives a comprehensive insight and thorough analysis of the global research efforts related to the cathode materials based on first principles framework, sheds light on current status of knowledge and explores the ways forward.
Battery capacity estimation is a significant recent challenge given the complex physical and chemical processes that occur within batteries and the restrictions on the accessibility of capacity degradation data. In this study, we describe an approach called dynamic spatial time warping, which is used to determine the similarities of two arbitrary curves. Unlike classical dynamic time warping methods, this approach can maintain the invariance of curve similarity to the rotations and translations of curves, which is vital in curve similarity search. Moreover, it utilizes the online charging or discharging data that are easily collected and do not require special assumptions. The accuracy of this approach is verified using NASA battery datasets. Results suggest that the proposed approach provides a highly accurate means of estimating battery capacity at less time cost than traditional dynamic time warping methods do for different individuals and under various operating conditions.
A novel sodium titanate-carbon (Na2Ti3O7/C) composite has been successfully synthesized via a rheological phase method. The homogeneous-dispersed carbon not only sheathes the single Na2Ti3O7 particle but also combines all individual Na2Ti3O7 particles to a stable union, as characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). The uniformly distributed carbon forms a good network of electrically conductive paths among the Na2Ti3O7 particles, which is closely interlinked with each other. So Na2Ti3O7 active material can get electrons from all directions and be fully utilized for sodium ion insertion and extraction reactions, which can improve sodium storage properties with enhanced rate capability and super cycling performance. The Na2Ti3O7/C composite exhibits much better electrochemical performance than bare Na2Ti3O7, which displays a stable discharge capacity of 111.8 mAh g−1 at 1C after 100 cycles, while only 48.6 mAh g−1 for bare Na2Ti3O7 at the same conditions. Furthermore, the composite shows relatively stable storage capacities during long term cycling even at 5C. The remarkably improved cycling performance and rate capability of Na2Ti3O7 are attributed to the tight integration between carbon and Na2Ti3O7 which may enhance the electronic conductivity, decrease the charge transfer resistance and improve the electrochemical stability during cycling, thus making a compelling case for its development as an advanced anode material for sodium ion batteries.
We combine a three-phase, three-dimensional reconstruction of a LiCoO2 battery cathode based on focused ion-beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) imaging with an electrochemical model. The model considers the electric potential and lithium/salt concentration distribution in both the liquid electrolyte and the solid active-material phases. In contrast to previously presented models, we spatially resolve the carbon-binder phase to provide a more realistic description of the electric potential. We observe that carbon-binder coverage of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) impedes local surface reactions and thus affects lithium redistribution. For the considered cathode, the total surface to volume ratio of the SEI is reduced from 11.2×105 to 6.5×105 m2 m−3 when the carbon-binder phase is modelled explicitly. This leads to increased inhomogeneity of the lithium concentration in active-material grains during charging. Additionally, we study lithium/salt concentration in the electrolyte, revealing gradients between 0.9 and 1.5kmolm−3 depending on the distance to the separator. This is significant because the lithium/salt concentration directly affects the ion transport properties of the electrolyte.
Several onium cations having vinyl group formed ionic liquids after coupling with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. These monomers were polymerized, and the relation between onium cation structure and properties of thus polymerized ionic liquids was investigated. The polymerized ionic liquid having ethylimiadzolium cation unit showed the highest ionic conductivity of around 10−4 Scm−1 at 30°C among the obtained polymers reflecting the lowest glass transition temperature of −59°C. These polymers were thermally stable and their decomposition temperatures were about 350°C. The ionic conductivity of the polymerized ionic liquids decreased by both the addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and the polymerization in the presence of cross-linker. However, the polymerized ionic liquid having 1-methylpiperidinium cation structure showed good lithium ion transference number of 0.43 at room temperature.
Free-standing gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) composed of the polymeric ionic liquid poly[diallyldimethylammonium] bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, and lithium salt are reported for their use in lithium batteries. The GPEs are thermally stable and contain ionic liquid and salt contents of up to 80wt.% which results in highly ionically conductive electrolyte films with σ =3.35mScm−1. The affinity of the polymeric ionic liquid with the ionic liquid and salt components of the GPE allows wide electrochemical stability window −0.1–4.9V and increased lithium ion transference number. In addition, the GPEs suppressed dendrite formation compared to ionic liquid electrolytes and in turn enabled the use of these GPEs in batteries with lithium anodes. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling of Li/GPE/LiFePO4 cells shows discharge capacity of 169.3mAhg−1 at C/10, 126.8mAhg−1 at 1C, and impressive capacity retention capability for 40 cycles at up to 5C rate, at 22°C.
Body wearable sensors and electronics for health and environment monitoring are becoming increasingly popular as their functionality increases. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are of interest to make these wearables self-powered by making them rely entirely on the heat harvested from the human body. The challenge with using thermoelectrics on the human body is the large thermal resistances experienced at the skin/TEG and TEG/ambient interfaces. These parasitics can be potentially so large that they can dominate the device performance. Therefore, it is critical to have accurate models to predict the device performance considering material properties, module design and parasitics. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient, quasi three-dimensional TEG model and use this model to explore the design criteria for current state-of-the-art rigid TEG modules as well as prospective flexible modules for body wearable applications. We show the impact of the properties of the thermoelectric material, module design and dimensions, heat spreaders, filler material, heat sink and skin contact resistance on device performance. We also identify the significance of material thermal conductivity over the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity in improving the output power for wearable applications. For flexible TEGs, we identify the thermal conductivity of the filler material as one of the critical parameters that need to be taken into consideration for optimal performance. Finally, the model was used to design a custom TEG with improved material properties and device design. The measurements indicate a nearly 3× improvement in power output over a commercial TEG with similar area as successfully predicted by the calculations.
The world is trying to prevent the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere from reaching a level that will produce irreversible damage to the world. The set of actions proposed here would, if pursued worldwide, accomplish that goal by mid-century. These actions can do little beyond that point to meet either the needs or aspirations of the current or growing population. It is imperative that the intellectual, political, and material resources be mustered to develop the requisite technology to carry us on after that date. Nuclear power, appropriately developed, has the potential to meet those needs. Present thermal reactors generate a threatening amount of radioactive waste that, if not disposed of, makes their extended use impractical. The development, implementation, and diffusion of fast-neutron reactors could reduce that waste to short-lived manageable amounts. Those reactors could reclaim almost all of the energy in the original uranium ore. The resulting energy could provide the power and water needed to change a suffering world to one of abundance.
Highly patterned cylindrical Ni–Sn alloy anode with 3-dimesionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure was successfully prepared by colloidal crystal templating method combined with electroplating method using photoresist substrate. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that 3DOM cylinders of Ni–Sn alloy electrode composed of uniform interconnected macropores with the size of 1.0μm diameter. The size of macropores in porous Ni–Sn cylinders was in good agreement to the sizes of PS bead used as templates. The charge and discharge curves of cylindrical Sn–Ni alloys with 3DOM structure showed a potential plateau at around 0.4V vs. Li/Li+, indicating the lithiation and delithiation processes to (/from) Sn in porous Ni–Sn alloy anode. The cycle performance of prepared Ni–Sn alloy was tested in a course of controlling the state of charge (SOC). Ni–Sn alloy anode cycle-test at the condition of 67% SOC showed an excellent cycle stability even at 200 cycles, and the coulombic efficiency was more than 99%.
Electrolytic dendritic-zinc powders of high surface area are prepared from an alkaline solution by a galvanostatic electrodeposition method. The surface morphology and microstructure of these powders are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cylindrical AA-size alkaline zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO2) batteries made with powders in anode gels are assembled and tested. The electrochemical characteristics of the batteries are evaluated by means of the ac impedance method and the constant-current discharge experiments. It is found that the high-rate performance of cells with dendritic-zinc powders is much better than that of cells with conventional molten-zinc powders.