batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Polymer derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) materials are prepared by the pyrolysis of preceramic polymers obtained from polyhydridomethylsiloxane using 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane or divinyl benzene as a cross-linking agent. The pyrolysis is carried out in an inert atmosphere at 1000 and 1300°C. The carbon content of SiOC is varied by changing the amount of starting precursors maintaining the same O/Si atomic ratio of about 1. Electrochemical measurements are performed in order to evaluate the materials in terms of their application as anodes in Li-ion batteries. Detailed structural characterization study is performed using complementary techniques with the aim of correlating the electrochemical behavior with the structure of the SiOC anodes. Results suggest that SiOC anodes behave as a composite material consisting of a disordered silicon oxycarbide phase having a very high first insertion capacity of ca 1300 mAh g−1 and a free C phase. However, the charge irreversible trapped into the amorphous silicon oxycarbide network is also high and therefore the maximum reversible lithium storage capacity of 650mAh g−1 is measured on high-C content SiOCs for which the balance between the two phases, namely the amorphous silicon oxycarbide and the free C phase, is optimal. The high carbon content SiOC show also an excellent cycling stability and performance at high charging/discharging rate: the reversible capacity at 2C rate being around 200 mAh g−1. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature has an opposite effect on the low-C and high-C materials: for the latter one the reversible capacity decreases following a known trend while the former shows an increase of the reversible capacity which has never been observed before for similar materials.
Mesoporous nanocomposite of polythiophene and MnO2 has been synthesized by a modified interfacial method, aiming to develop electrode materials for supercapactitors with an enhanced cycle performance and high-rate capability. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm test of the prepared hybrid indicates a high surface area and a typical mesoporous feature. A uniform hierarchical microstructure with submicron-spheres assembled from ultrathin nanosheet with diameters less than 10nm has been confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The employed interfacial synthesis is found to be advantageous to retard the overgrowth of nuclei. The retention of 97.3% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 2Ag−1 indicates excellent cycle performance of the nanocomposite electrode. At a high-rate charge/discharge process of 10Ag−1, the nanocomposite electrode retained 76.6% of its capacitance at 1Ag−1, suggesting good high-power capability. The important roles of polythiophene in the as-prepared nanocomposite are highlighted in terms of their functions on enhancing the electrical conductivity and constraining the dissolution of manganese oxides during charge–discharge cycles.
The idea of hybrid vehicles is not a recent development; as early as the 1960s, several have companies attempted to develop bipolar lead/acid batteries for hybrid-electric vehicles [J.L. Arias, J.J. Rowlett, E.D. Drake, Journal of Power Sources, 40 (1993) 63–73.]. Hybrid vehicles have the potential to increase fuel economy by using a primary engine operating at a constant power to supply average power requirements and a surge power unit for peak power demands and to recover braking energy. To date, no detailed system optimization analysis has been performed for hybrid vehicles. This study combines a simplified version of the lithium-ion battery model developed by Doyle [C.M. Doyle, Design and simulation of lithium rechargeable batteries, Dissertation, Fall, 1995.] with a vehicle model that determines battery-power requirements for a given driving cycle. Batteries are designed for either the highest vehicle mileage or minimal acceptable battery dimensions. Hybrid vehicles have the potential to more than double mileage as compared to conventional vehicles, and have a limited electric vehicle range. The battery goals of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) are investigated and often found to be differing with actual requirements. Specifically, PNGV overstates power and especially energy requirements for load-leveling devices and calls for unnecessary demands on the development of alternate technologies. The role of the driving cycle was investigated and found to be relatively unimportant as long as it contains several essential features. The important parameters in the driving cycle are the time of discharge and the maximum current (or power) level. This study suggests that a combination of both a vehicle model and a battery model is required to determine the complex interaction between hybrid-vehicle weight and battery power.
This study aimed to compare neuromotor fitness test scores of 9–12-year-old Dutch youth in 2006 with scores of same aged children in 1980. Body height, body weight and performance on neuromotor fitness test items were measured in 2050 Dutch children from 9 to 12 years in 2006 and were compared with data of 2603 same aged Dutch children measured in 1980 with the same neuromotor fitness test battery. Dutch 9–12 year olds in 2006 were significantly taller and heavier than their peers in 1980. Age- and sex-specific performance on almost all neuromotor fitness test items was significantly worse in 2006. Thus, our data suggest that neuromotor fitness of Dutch youth has significantly decreased over the past 26 years.
A novel method for the continual, cuff-less estimation of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values based on signal complexity analysis of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is reported. The proposed framework estimates the blood pressure (BP) values obtained from signals generated from 14 volunteers subjected to a series of exercise routines. Herein, the physiological signals were first pre-processed, followed by the extraction of complexity features from both the PPG and ECG. Subsequently the complexity features were used in regression models (artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and LASSO) to predict the BP. The performance of the approach was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error and the standard deviation of the predicted results and compared with the recommendations made by the British Hypertension Society (BHS) and Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Complexity features from the ECG and PPG were investigated independently, along with the combined dataset. It was observed that the complexity features obtained from the combination of ECG and PPG signals resulted to an improved estimation accuracy for the BP. The most accurate DBP result of 5.15 ± 6.46 mmHg was obtained from ANN model, and SVM generated the most accurate prediction for the SBP which was estimated as 7.33 ± 9.53 mmHg. Results for DBP fall within recommended performance of the BHS but SBP is outside the range. Although initial results are promising, further improvements are required before the potential of this approach is fully realised.
Heterogeneous element doping is conducted on mesoporous SiO2 to make utilize of the low-cost material as the sulfur host in lithium‑sulfur battery. Its conductivity is distinctly improved by introducing metal element into mesoporous SiO2. The synthesized M-doped mesoporous SiO2 (M is elemental Ti, Sn or Al), show enhanced adsorption ability due to the higher electron delocalization by the metal grafting. As a result, the S fused M-SiO2 cathodes deliver the considerable capacities and cycle performances. With the high sulfur loading of 88%, the initial capacities of 814.2, 1027.5 and 1000.3mAhg−1 are obtained for the S/Al-SiO2, S/Sn-SiO2 and S/Ti-SiO2 cathodes at 0.2C. The capacity decays over 1000cycles are only 0.003%, 0.065% and 0.054%, respectively. Over 200cycles, the capacity retentions are 50.4%, 57.9% and 57.8% for the Ti-SiO2 cathode at higher current rate of 1C, 2C and 5C.
The operation of a gas-phase Br2–H2 flow battery is analyzed via a mathematical model and compared to experimental data. The model predicts the operating conditions of the cell in both fuel-cell (i.e., discharge) and electrolysis (i.e., charge) mode as a function of current, inlet gas composition, flow rate, and pressure differential across the membrane. The analysis reveals that gas-phase Br2/HBr reactants significantly enhance mass transfer, which enables higher currents densities to be achieved compared to a liquid-fed system. A key feature of the model is water transport across the membrane, which determines membrane conductivity, reactant concentration and undesired condensation. The model is used to provide insight into cell operation, including operating conditions needed to avoid water condensation.
Porous hard carbons are synthesized via carbonizing lotus stems with naturally hierarchical structures. The hard carbon carbonized at 1400 °C (LS1400) delivers a total capacity 350 mAh g−1 in the current density of 100 mA g−1 and a plateau capacity of 250 mAh g−1. Even cycled at 100 mA g−1 after 450 cycles, the capacity still retains 94%. Further investigation shows that the sodium storage of LS carbons involves Na+ adsorption in the defect sites, Na+ insertion and Na metal deposition in the closed pores. However, the Na metal deposition in closed pores mainly contribute to the plateau capacity, leading to the excellent sodium storage performance of LS1400 with a large closed pore ratio of 66%. The results show that the intrinsic structure of natural biomass can inspire us to design hard carbon with large closed pore ratio as excellent anode for sodium ion batteries.
Portable hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell power sources were constructed using printed-circuit board (PCB) technology. Multiple iterations of miniature planar fuel cell devices were prototyped, demonstrating fast cycle innovation and dramatic power density improvements in <1 year of development. Several novel flow structure and gas routing designs were explored. Electrical interconnections for configurable voltage were wired on board by printed-circuit traces and vias. Fuel cell device voltages ranging from 1V single cells to 16V planar arrays were demonstrated, with power output ranging from <1 to >200W. The lightweight laminate PCB technology allows the best prototypes to achieve >700mW/cm2 area power density and >400mW/cm3 volumetric power density. PCB technology offers an intriguing platform for portable fuel cell development below 1kW. Possibilities for on board diagnostics/control and further power density improvements are envisioned.
The field of solar electricity, or photovoltaics (PV), is rich in that there are many materials and concepts for converting sunlight into electricity. The technologies accepted as conventional are those well along in the process of commercialization. The dye-sensitized solar cell, developed in the 1990s, is a nonconventional solar electric technology that has attracted much attention, perhaps a result of its record cell efficiency above 10%. This paper reviews the technology, discusses new research results and approaches presented at a recent symposium of many of the world's important dye solar cell researchers, and presents an assessment of the dye-sensitized solar cell in a comparison with current conventional solar electric technologies. It concludes the dye solar cell has potential for becoming a cost-effective means for producing electricity, capable of competing with available solar electric technologies and, eventually, with today's conventional power technologies. But it is a relatively new technology and faces many hurdles on the path to commercialization. Because of its potential, this assessment recommends further funding for research and development (R&D) of the dye-sensitized solar cell technology on the basis of the promising technical characteristics of the technology, a strong US and worldwide research base, positive industry interest, and today's relatively small funding allocation for its R&D.
A simple and straightforward method for the quantitation of dsDNA in soil and sediment matrices has been developed to support rapid, in-the-field PCR analysis of environmental samples. This method uses PicoGreen nucleic acid stain, and a combination of UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, to quantitate dsDNA in the presence of interfering humic materials. The practical utility of this approach is that it compliments a seven-step DNA extraction procedure for environmental samples. The DNA quantitation method is utilized twice during the extraction procedure. Once, prior to a micro-spin column procedure to maximize the amount of DNA extracted, and a second time, just prior to PCR to optimize the PCR reaction conditions. A field-portable, assay-specific instrument has been developed based on this methodology. Software for this instrument steps the analyst through the experimental procedure, and has been designed such that a minimum of technical expertise is required to perform the assay. Initial data obtained from the prototype unit indicates that this instrument compares with commercial instrumentation in terms of detection limit and sensitivity.
The European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia (EPAD) Programme is a pan-European project whose objective is to deliver a platform, adaptive, Phase 2 proof of concept (PoC) trial for the secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia. A component of this platform is the Longitudinal Cohort Study (LCS) which acts as a readiness cohort for the PoC Trial as well as generating data for disease modelling work in the preclinical and prodromal phases of Alzheimer’s dementia.
To use the protonic mesothermal fuel cell without humidification, mass transportation in diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO]), trifluoromethanesulfuric acid (TfOH)-added [dema][TfO], and phosphoric acid (H3PO4)-added [dema][TfO] was investigated by electrochemical measurements. The diffusion coefficient and the solubility of oxygen were ca. 10−5 cm2 s−1 and ca. 10−3 M (=moldm−3), respectively. Those of hydrogen were a factor of 10 and one-tenth compared to oxygen, respectively. The permeability, which is a product of the diffusion coefficient and solubility, of oxygen and hydrogen were almost the same for the perfluoroethylenesulfuric acid membrane and the sulfuric acid solution; therefore, these values are suitable for fuel cell applications. On the other hand, a diffusion limiting current was observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The current corresponded to ca. 10−10 molcm−1 s−1 of the permeability, and the diffusion limiting species was the hydrogen carrier species. The TfOH addition enhanced the diffusion limiting current of [dema][TfO], and the H3PO4 addition eliminated the diffusion limit. The hydrogen bonds of H3PO4 or water-added H3PO4 might significantly enhance the transport of the hydrogen carrier species. Therefore, [dema][TfO] based materials are candidates for non-humidified mesothermal fuel cell electrolytes.
Rutile-type Ru1−x V x O2 nanoparticles possessing high surface area were prepared by a polymerizable-complex method and its electrochemical supercapacitor behavior was studied. X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements were used to characterize the structure of the products. The electrochemical supercapacitor behavior of thick and thin films was studied by cyclic voltammetry in various acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes. Ru1−x V x O2 exhibited extremely enhanced supercapacitive properties compared to pure RuO2. The highest surface redox activity was achieved with an acidic electrolyte. Ru1−x V x O2 showed negligible surface redox activity in neutral electrolytes.
h-In2O3/carbon nanocomposites were obtained via a facile ball milling process from a mixture of h-In2O3 nanoparticles and Super P carbon. Compared to pure h-In2O3 nanoparticles, the nanocomposites exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 1360 mAh g−1, a stable reversible capacity of 867 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles as well as a high coulombic efficiency of 99%. The superior lithium-ion battery performance can be attributed to the specific structure of h-In2O3 and the uniform and continuous nano-carbon coating layers. The nano-carbon coating could protect the inner active materials from fragmentation and increase the electronic conductivity. This study not only provides a promising electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, but also further demonstrates a straightforward, effective and environmental friendly process for synthesizing nanocomposites.
Vertically aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes have great potential application in supercapacitor electrode material. In this paper we have investigated facile growth of PANI nanotubes on a titanium nanotube template (TNT) using electrochemical polymerization. The morphology of PANI nanostructures grown over TNT is strongly influenced by the scan rate in the electrochemical polymerization. The growth morphology of PANI nanotubes has been carefully analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The detailed growth mechanism of PANI nanotubes has been put forward. Specific capacitance value of 740Fg−1 was obtained for PANI nanotube structures (measured at charge–discharge rate of 3Ag−1).
Triple carbon coated LiFePO4 composite is prepared by spray drying-carbothermal reduction (SD-CTR) method. The triple carbon sources (viz. graphene oxide, thermoplastic phenolic resin and water-solubility starch) play different roles in constructing the hierarchical conductive architecture. The structure, component and morphology of the as-obtained LiFePO4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that, compared with double carbon coated LiFePO4 counterparts, the triple carbon coated LiFePO4 composite possesses smaller crystallite and high-efficiency of carbon coating such as more complete coating, lower ID/IG ratio, and better conductive architecture. Benefited from the above mentioned superiority, the triple carbon coated LiFePO4 composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, especially for high-rate capability, which reaches up to 120mA h g−1 at 10C.
Unknown Notes page numbers ending in b indicate boxes page numbers ending in f indicate figures page numbers ending in t indicate tables
Gel polymer electrolytes consisting of 25wt.% P(VdF-co-HFP), 65wt.% ethylene carbonate + propylene carbonate and 10wt.% LiN(CF3SO2)2 are prepared using by a solvent-casting technique. The electrodes are for use in lithium-ion polymer batteries. The electrochemical characteristics of the gel polymer electrolytes are evaluated by means of ac impedance and cyclic voltammetry. The charge–discharge performance of lithium polymer and lithium-ion polymer batteries is examined. A LiCoO2 |gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)|mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) cell delivers a discharge capacity of 146.8 and 144.5mAhg−1 on the first and the 20th cycle, respectively. The specific discharge capacity is greater than 140mAhg−1 for up to 20 cycle at all the current densities examined.
Objective Quality of life is seen as an important outcome variable for patients with schizophrenia. However, the precise definition of this construct varies and has often been used to define health-related domains. The present study sought to focus on global life satisfaction as a key subjective domain and determine its relationship with clinical variables. Method The study sample included 1437 patients with chronic schizophrenia who participated in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study. Patients were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of assessments capturing symptoms, cognition and medication side effects, among other variables. Life satisfaction was evaluated with a global self-report item. Results Greater depressive symptoms were the most robust indicator of worse life satisfaction. Lower life satisfaction was also associated with poorer psychosocial functioning, greater symptoms of anxiety, apathy and more negative attitudes toward medication. Taken together, these variables explained 20% of the variance in life satisfaction scores. Positive symptoms and other medication side effects also negatively influenced life satisfaction scores. Conclusions These results affirm that clinical variables have an adverse effect on the overall subjective well-being of patients with schizophrenia. The relatively small amount of variance explained, though, argues for a better understanding of those other variables that contribute to life satisfaction.
In this work, we present an ensemble for automated audio classification that fuses different types of features extracted from audio files. These features are evaluated, compared, and fused with the goal of producing better classification accuracy than other state-of-the-art approaches without ad hoc parameter optimization. We present an ensemble of classifiers that performs competitively on different types of animal audio datasets using the same set of classifiers and parameter settings. To produce this general-purpose ensemble, we ran a large number of experiments that fine-tuned pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for different audio classification tasks (bird, bat, and whale audio datasets). Six different CNNs were tested, compared, and combined. Moreover, a further CNN, trained from scratch, was tested and combined with the fine-tuned CNNs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study on CNNs in animal audio classification. Our results show that several CNNs can be fine-tuned and fused for robust and generalizable audio classification. Finally, the ensemble of CNNs is combined with handcrafted texture descriptors obtained from spectrograms for further improvement of performance. The MATLAB code used in our experiments will be provided to other researchers for future comparisons at
In this paper, we present a new model of dendrite growth in battery cells through theoretical and numerical analysis. We use a statistical model based on the competition between a deterministic electric field and a stochastic force, which both drive the movement of the particles inside the battery cell. The simulation of the dendrite growth is modeled via Diffusion Limited Aggregation. As a major aspect, we point out the key role played by the intense electric field close to the edges of the electrodes, which statistically drives the particles along the electric field lines.
Photo-rechargeable batteries (PRBs) benefit from their bifunctionality covering energy harvesting and storage. However, dim-light performances of the PRBs for indoor applications have not been reported. Herein, we present an external-power-free single-structured PRB named a dye-sensitized photo-rechargeable battery (DSPB) with an outstanding light-to-charge energy efficiency (ηoverall) of 11.5% under the dim light condition. This unprecedented ηoverall was attributed to the thermodynamically-favorable design of the DSPB that maximizes the working potential. At high-power irradiation, the kinetically-fast but thermodynamically-unfavorable iodine mediator (I−/I3−) showed the highest charge and discharge capacities even if its discharge voltage was lowest. Under dim-light for indoor applications, however, the thermodynamically-favorable but kinetically-slow copper complex mediator (Cu+/2+(dmp)2) showed energy density and efficiency superior to I−/I3− because its kinetics did not limit the harvesting capacity. The successful demonstration of the ability of the DSPB to operate a temperature-sensing IoT device only by indoor light opens the possibility of realizing indoor-light-harvesting PRBs.