batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Environmental and societal problems related to energy use have spurred the development of sustainable energy technologies, such as wind mills, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen vehicles. Public acceptance of these technologies is crucial for their successful introduction into society. Although various studies have investigated technology acceptance, most technology acceptance studies focused on a limited set of factors that can influence public acceptance, and were not based on a comprehensive framework including key factors influencing technology acceptance. This paper puts forward a comprehensive framework of energy technology acceptance, based on a review of psychological theories and on empirical technology acceptance studies. The framework aims to explain the intention to act in favor or against new sustainable energy technologies, which is assumed to be influenced by attitude, social norms, perceived behavioral control, and personal norm. In the framework, attitude is influenced by the perceived costs, risks and benefits, positive and negative feelings in response to the technology, trust, procedural fairness and distributive fairness. Personal norm is influenced by perceived costs, risks and benefits, outcome efficacy and awareness of adverse consequences of not accepting the new technology. The paper concludes with discussing the applicability of the framework.
A 0-D dynamic mathematical model for a single Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) cell is proposed. The model is based on the conservation principles of charge and mass transfer focusing on the precise simulation of crossover with diffusion, migration and convection. The influence of these phenomena on the capacity decay was systematically analyzed, revealing considerable impact of convection component, which dominates under diffusion and migration and mainly responsible for observed capacity loss. The model allows to simulate main characteristics of VRFB systems (such as battery voltage, state of charge, charge/discharge time and capacity decay due to crossover) with high accuracy. The model was validated with experimental data in the wide range of current densities (40–100 mA cm−2), and the results demonstrated good agreement with experiments having an average error within 5% range. In addition, the model requires a modest computational time and power, and, therefore, it can be suitable for application in advanced control-monitoring tools, which are necessary for a long-service life and sustainable operation of VRFB systems.
The effect of adding magnesium to lithium on lithium electrochemical behavior in 4molL−1 LiOH is studied using electrochemical techniques. The results show that the hydrogen evolution rate is decreased with increasing Mg content. Through theoretical analysis and X-ray (XRD) investigation, MgH2 and Mg(OH)2 are created on the surface film of lithium–magnesium alloys after discharge. The porosity of the lithium surface film is decreased by MgH2, Mg(OH)2 combined with LiOH and LiOH·H2O and the hydrogen evolution rate is decreased effectively. Magnesium addition to lithium reduces the extent of hydrogen evolution by alteration of the hydride–hydroxide layer also reduces the extent of anodic dissolution without a significant change in the system efficiency.
Due to the conductivity of ionic liquids (IL), the dipolar dynamics are covered by charge separation phenomenon, which leads to difficulties extracting necessary parameters, i.e. static dielectric permittivity. We suggest a procedure, which allows relatively easy extracting parameters of dipolar dynamics of IL. Our experiments were performed on Pyr14TFSI and Pyr12O1TFSI ILs. Obtained results allowed comparing the dipolar dynamics of both materials. The factor, which makes the static dielectric permittivity of Pyr12O1TFSI to be higher than that of Pyr14TFSI may be accounted for the permanent dipole of Pyr12O1 + cation.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is assumed to result from frontostriatal dysfunction, which would be expected to result in impairments in neuropsychological functions. This possibility has been explored in a number of studies that have assessed the performance of patients with TS within major cognitive domains and on tests involving executive functioning. We aim to summarize the main findings of these studies while evaluating the influence of task limitations and potentially critical confounding factors such as the presence of comorbidity. Although there is clearly a need for improved study design, we tentatively suggest that there is considerable evidence for cognitive impairment in a subgroup of patients, and that some difficulties seem to be intrinsic to TS. These impairments may reflect dysfunction of the anterior cingulate network within the frontostriatal pathway.
Self-powered heating equipment has the potential for high overall energy efficiency and can provide an effective means of providing on site power and energy security in residential homes. It is also attractive for remote communities where connection to the grid is not cost effective. Self-powered residential heating systems operate entirely on fuel combustion and do not need externally generated electricity. Excess power can be provided for other electrical loads. To realize this concept, one must develop a reliable and low maintenance means of generating electricity and integrate it into fuel-fired heating equipment. In the present work, a self-powered residential heating system was developed using thermoelectric power generation technology. A thermoelectric module with a power generation capacity of 550W was integrated into a fuel-fired furnace. The thermoelectric module has a radial configuration that fits well with the heating equipment. The electricity generated is adequate to power all electrical components for a residential central heating system. The performance of the thermoelectric module was examined under various operating conditions. The effects of heat transfer conditions were studied in order to maximize electric power output. A mathematical model was established and used to look into the influence of heat transfer coefficients and other parameters on electric power output and efficiency.
Due to their low vapor pressure and their promising electrochemical and thermal stability, NC- (CH2)n-CN dinitriles are proposed as an electrolyte solvent for Li-ion batteries. Adiponitrile (ADN) has substantial advantages, especially for applications requiring high potential cathodes, because it has high electrochemical/thermal stability (up to 6 V vs. Li/Li+,> 120 °C). However, to obtain very high voltage batteries, ADN electrolytes must also passivate the anode of the battery. In this work, reversible cycling of graphite in adiponitrile was successfully achieved by adding a few percent of fluoroethylene carbonate allowing the realization of Graphite/NMC Li-ion battery. The battery of specific capacity of 135 mAhh.g−1 showed a cycling stability for more than 40 cycles. The composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was determined as a function of the FEC concentration as well as the state of charge of the graphite anode using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and XPS. With FEC, the SEI layer is thinner and depends on the SOC of the anode, but does not depend on the FEC concentration. SEM characterizations clearly showed that the surface of the anode is completely covered by the SEI layer, regardless of the concentration of FEC. Indeed, 2% of FEC is sufficient to suppress the reduction of adiponitrile which is explained by a specific adsorption of FEC on the graphite anode.
Proper installation of rooftop photovoltaic generation in distribution networks can improve voltage profile, reduce energy losses, and enhance the reliability. But, on the other hand, some problems regarding harmonic distortion, voltage magnitude, reverse power flow, and energy losses can arise when photovoltaic penetration is increased in low voltage distribution network. Local battery energy storage system can mitigate these disadvantages and as a result, improve the system operation. For this purpose, battery energy storage system is charged when production of photovoltaic is more than consumers’ demands and discharged when consumers’ demands are increased. Since the price of battery energy storage system is high, economic, environmental, and technical objectives should be considered together for its placement and sizing. In this paper, optimal placement, sizing, and daily (24 h) charge/discharge of battery energy storage system are performed based on a cost function that includes energy arbitrage, environmental emission, energy losses, transmission access fee, as well as capital and maintenance costs of battery energy storage system. All simulations are carried out in DIgSILENT and MATLAB linked together. Results show that by using the proposed approach, overvoltage and energy losses are decreased, reverse power flow is prevented, environmental emission is reduced, and economic profit is maximized.
Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the latest research work carried out on the yeast including genetic constitution of brewer's yeast, and genetic manipulation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best genetically characterized yeast as its genome is fully sequenced and analyzed exhaustively. There are basically two kinds of yeast used in brewing that correspond to the ale and lager types of beer. Development of molecular biology in the 20th century has brought many new opportunities for technical improvements in the field of brewing industry. The basic scientific questions concerning the genetic nature of the brewer's yeast and different physiological problems related to brewing have been answered. Instruments to construct a new generation of brewer's yeast strains, designed to circumvent common problems of brewing, have been developed. The main obstacle for the development and industrial implementation of improved brewing yeast is not technical, but psychological.
The transport and deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) to downwind ecosystems is significant and can be a dominant source of new N to many watersheds. Bacterially mediated denitrification in lake sediments may ameliorate the effects of N loading by permanently removing such inputs. We measured denitrification in sediments collected from lakes in the Colorado Rocky Mountains (USA) receiving elevated (5–8 kg N ha−1 y−1) or low (<2 kg N ha−1 y−1) inputs of atmospheric N deposition. The nitrate (NO3−) concentration was significantly greater in high-deposition lakes (11.3 μmol l−1) compared to low-deposition lakes (3.3 μmol l−1). Background denitrification was positively related to NO3− concentrations and we estimate that the sampled lakes are capable of removing a significant portion of N inputs via sediment denitrification. We also conducted a dose–response experiment to determine whether chronic N loading has altered sediment denitrification capacity. Under Michaelis–Menten kinetics, the maximum denitrification rate and half-saturation NO3− concentration did not differ between deposition regions and were 765 μmol N m−2 h−1 and 293 μmol l−1 NO3−, respectively, for all lakes. We enumerated the abundances of nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria and found no difference between high- and low-deposition lakes. The abundance of these bacteria was related to available light and bulk sediment resources. Our findings support a growing body of evidence that lakes play an important role in N removal and, furthermore, suggest that current levels of N deposition have not altered the abundance of denitrifying bacteria or saturated the capacity for sediment denitrification.
Novel solid-state composite polymer electrolytes based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) by using LiClO4 as doping salts and inorganic–organic hybrid poly (cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) microspheres as fillers were prepared. Electrochemical and thermal properties of PEO-based polymer electrolytes incorporated with PZS microspheres were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed there was a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the electrolytes and the crystallinity of the samples in the presence of the fillers. Maximum ionic conductivity values of 1.2 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and 7.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 80° were obtained and lithium ion transference number was 0.29. Compared with traditional ceramic fillers such as SiO2, the addition of PZS microspheres increased the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes slightly and led to remarkable enhancement in the lithium ion transference number.
Novel copper sulfide (CuS) nanowire bundles with a diameter of about 6 nm and a length up to several micrometers are successfully synthesized by a template- and surfactant-free method in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-ethyl glycol (EG) mixed solvent. The resulting CuS nanowire bundles are used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries and exhibit a large capacity and excellent cycling stability and rate capability. The unique structure of the CuS nanowire bundles is responsible for their excellent electrochemical performance.
In this work some electrochemical characteristics of all solid double layer capacitors prepared by high surface carbon and Nafion polymer electrolyte are reported. Carbon composite electrodes with a Nafion loading of 30wt.% were prepared and evaluated. Nafion 115 membrane, recast Nafion membrane and 1M H2SO4 solution in a matrix of glass fiber have been used as electrolyte, in the double layer capacitors. The different double layer capacitors (DLCs) have been evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The capacitor with a recast Nafion electrolyte exhibits a proton conductivity of about 3×10−2 Scm−1 at ambient temperature, that is higher of that reported for solid electrolytes (10−3 to 10−4 Scm−1) in the current literature on capacitors. A maximum of specific capacitance of 13F/g of active materials (carbon+Nafion) corresponding to 52F/g for a single electrode measured in a three-electrode arrangement has been achieved with the capacitor with recast Nafion. The capacitance of the capacitor with recast Nafion electrolyte, evaluated in low-frequency region below 10mHz, was practically equivalent at that with sulphuric acid electrolyte. The interpretation of the characteristics of the microporous structure of carbon material of the electrodes by impedance analysis is also discussed.
(Phenoxy)Pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene N3P3(OPh)F5 (PFPN) is investigated as a bifunctional additive in electrolyte to improve the electrochemical performance and thermal stability of LiCoO2 simultaneously when the electrodes cycled to high cutoff potentials. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the electrode material with the additive in the electrolyte is enhanced significantly, with a capacity retention of 91% after 300 cycles, which is a great improvement compared with that of only 67% in base electrolyte. More significantly, the thermal stability of Li x CoO2 (x < 0.5) in the presence of PFPN or covered with decomposed products of PFPN is also remarkably improved. Our results show that the additive can be oxidized prior to EC and DMC, and the decomposition products of PFPN contribute to the LiCoO2/electrolyte interphase film (CEI) with more uniform and denser structure. This polymerized CEI processes an excellent electrochemical stability to assist in inhibiting the further decomposition of the electrolyte and reducing the interfacial impedance growth apparently of the cells with a long cycling condition.
Aim of the study Recent studies have revealed that ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is neuroprotective for cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism underlying of this function is unclear. We assessed whether this neuroprotective effect of GRb1 was mediated by the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), by the levels of caspase-3 proteins and by induced neurogenesis in rats following transient cerebral ischemia or not. Materials and methods Cerebral ischemia was prepared by a 2h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and reperfusion, followed by infusion of GRb1 (40mg/kg) and saline (GRb1 and ischemia groups, respectively). All rats were sacrificed at 3 and 12h, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 days after reperfusion. Normal and sham-operated rats were used in control group. Modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) test and hematoxylin and eosin staining were respectively performed to evaluate neurological function and histological feature. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify intrinsic neurogenesis by nestin antibody. Western blotting was used to detect BDNF and caspase-3 protein content. Results GRb1 infusion after cerebral ischemia significantly promoted recoveries of neurological functions at 3 and 5 days after reperfusion compared to ischemic rats. The number of nestin-positive cells was apparently increased after GRb1 infusion compared to ischemia rats at given time. Moreover, BDNF was significantly increased in GRb1-treated rats compared to ischemia rats at different time points. In contrast, GRb1 infusion after the onset of reperfusion, caspase-3 at a given time was significantly reduced compared to ischemia rats, but still significantly increased compared to control rats. Conclusions Promotion of the neurogenesis and regulation of the expressions of BDNF and caspase-3 may be involved in GRb1-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia.
Frontier Carbon Corporation is the new joint venture, private equity funded company set up by Mitsibushi Corporation and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation to develop high-performance nanocarbon products, fullerene and carbon tubes for the supply of nanocarbon materials.
Objective To investigate the cognitive effect of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy with quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and neuropsychological (NP) tests. Methods Twenty-two drug-naïve epilepsy patients were enrolled. EEG recordings were performed before and after LEV therapy. Relative power of discrete frequency bands was computed, as well as alpha peak frequency (APF) at occipital electrodes. Eighteen patients performed a battery of NP tests twice across LEV treatment. Results LEV therapy decreased the power of delta (1–3Hz, p <0.01) and theta (3–7Hz, p <0.05) bands and increased that of alpha-2 (10–13Hz, p <0.05) and beta-2 (19–24Hz, p <0.05) bands. Region-specific spectral change was observed: delta power change was significant in fronto-polar region, theta in anterior region, alpha-2 in broad region, and beta-2 in left fronto-central region. APF change was not significant. Improvement in diverse NP tests requiring attention, working memory, language and executive function was observed. Change in theta, alpha-2, and beta-2 power was correlated with improvement in several NP tests. Conclusions Our data suggest LEV is associated with acceleration of background EEG frequencies and improved cognitive function. Change in frequency band power could predict improvement in several cognitive domains across LEV therapy. Significance Combined study of quantitative EEG analysis and NP tests can be useful in identifying cognitive effect of antiepileptic drugs.
The authors regret to inform that the XRD pattern of the LiMn2O4 sample was mixed up with those of LiNixMn2−xO4 (x = 0.05 and 0.1) samples. Last week, the authors noticed this error when they prepared a progress report on aqueous batteries. Then the authors checked the raw data. Probably because the XRD patterns of these three samples are very similar to each other, the authors made an error when processing the XRD patterns. Thus, the authors would like to make a correction for Fig. 1 in this corrigendum. This correction does not affect the discussions and conclusions of the article as the XRD patterns of LiNixMn2−xO4 (x = 0.05 and 0.1) still show the spinel phase. The authors apologize for this oversight. The correct data for Fig. 1 is shown here:Image 1 Fig. 1. XRD patterns of LiNixMn2−xO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) samples.
An all-solid-state thin-film battery consisting of a c-axis-oriented LiCoO2 thin-film and a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) glass electrolyte was fabricated. Thermal treatment at 473K after fabrication of the LiPON/LiCoO2 interface decreased the charge transfer resistance at the interface, and the resistance was further reduced by prolonging the thermal treatment time. The charge transfer resistance per unit electrode area (interfacial resistivity) of a film battery thermal-treated for 60min decreased down to 125Ωcm2, which is ca. five times larger than that in the case of an organic electrolyte (1moldm−3 LiClO4 dissolved in propylene carbonate)/LiCoO2 interface (25Ωcm2). Due to the reduction of the charge transfer resistance at the LiPON/LiCoO2 interface, the reaction current of the film battery was greatly increased by the thermal treatment. Also, thermally treated film batteries showed stable electrochemical lithium insertion/extraction properties compared with the batteries using conventional organic electrolytes. Both the voltammograms and the impedance spectra of the film battery maintained their initial shape for over 100 cycles, and the capacity retention ratio per cycle was calculated to be 99.9%.
Cobalt oxide thin films composed of hollow spherical Co3O4 particles have been prepared by a two-step method. The first step involves in the synthesis of hollow cobalt alkoxide particles in a stable suspension from mixed polyalcohol solutions of cobalt acetate in oil bath at 170°C. The second step includes the thin film fabrication by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and subsequent heat treatment in nitrogen. The obtained Co3O4 films with the unique hollow particle microstructure exhibit high reversible capacity of above 1000mAhg−1 during up to 50 cycles and good rate capability. The films are promising negative electrodes for high energy lithium-ion batteries.
A dinuclear polyoxovanadate cluster Sr2V2O7·H2O was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES), and FTIR analysis. Sr2V2O7·H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/c with a = 14.8631(14) Å, b = 7.0433(7) Å, c = 14.9872(12) Å, β = 151.389(4)°, V = 751.30(12) Å3, Z = 4, Mr = 407.14, Dc = 3.599 g cm−3, F(000) = 752, λ(Cu/Kα) = 1.54178 Å, μ = 16.537 mm−1, GOOF = 1.092, R1 = 0.0330 for 850 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I) and wR2 = 0.0890 for all data. Sr2V2O7·H2O consists of one [V2O7]4− anion, two Sr2+ counter cations and one lattice water. The V2O74− anion has two VO4 tetrahedra linked by one µ2-oxo, other terminal V–O (µ1-oxo) bonds are all double-bonded. The results of DFT calculation are in agreement with the observation.
The relationship between the hydrogen content of the crystal lattice of PbO2 and the capacity of PAM is still a subject of interest. The present paper concerns the effect of the doping of β-lead dioxide on the composition of PAM gel zones and its relationship to battery performance. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) as well as X-ray diffraction analysis were used as techniques of investigation in this study. The results showed that the quantity of water present in the gel zones and PAM discharge capacity are mainly dependant of the nature of the dopant.