batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this article, I deal with the notion of ‘academic identity’ holistically, seeking to bring together the teacher and researcher roles of academics in the neoliberal university. The article begins from the perspective of early-career academics who occupy the majority of fixed-term, teaching-only contracts in Higher Education, arguing that such casualisation of academic labour entrenches the role of the academic as Homo economicus. Drawing on the work of Foucault, I demonstrate how a neoliberal governmentality is now not only exerted upon academics from without, but increasingly they are subjecting themselves to the logic of efficiency and effectiveness too. The neoliberal governmentality of the university thus influences and shapes academic subjectivities, such that what it means to be an academic is confined to this marketised logic. Despite the pressures placed on academics to ‘produce’ measurable outputs and demonstrate their impact, I argue that moving beyond Homo economicus is possible, arguing instead for a re-claiming of ‘the academic’ as Homo academicus. The idea of Homo academicus can only be supported when three conditions are present: collegiality is afforded greater importance than competition; the discourses of ‘productivity’ and performativity are balanced against simply ‘doing good work well’ (Pirrie in Virtue and the quiet art of scholarship, Routledge, London, 2019), and; academics are mindful to practice the ‘quieter’ intellectual virtues, including the virtue of ‘unknowing’ (Smith in J Philos Educ 50:272–284, 2016).
The dispersion of input-coefficients in input–output (I–O) tables and the effect on LCA results are evaluated, utilizing the data for compiling the I–O tables. CO2 emission intensity and its variance with each commodity and service categorized in the I–O tables are estimated and applied to the LCA of a specific passenger car. Calculated results show that coefficients of variation (CV) of CO2-emission intensity are about 0.8 for the intermediate commodities which are frequently assessed in LCA. CO2 emissions induced by the production of the passenger car and the CV of the emissions are estimated at 1.3 Mg–C and 0.14, respectively. The value of CV is smaller than that of the most intermediate commodities since the CV of total emissions decreases as the number of components of the passenger car increases. Although emission intensity itself given by I–O tables has large variance, I–O tables are still useful tools for LCA if the number of components of a product is large enough.
Aluminium−graphite batteries can reversibly store AlCl4– ions at their cathodes, but the large consumption of electrolytes reduces their specific energy. Here a cathode based on redox-active triangular organic molecules is shown to be able to take up AlCl2+, offering hope towards complete Al-ion storage.
High-energy-density enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are urgently needed not only as green energy conversion devices but also as energy generators for medical devices. Low enzyme loading efficiency and insufficient direct electron transfer (DET) between enzymes and electrodes greatly hamper the development of EBFCs. Herein, we fabricated nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres with large pores (pNHCSs) via a green microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MWHM). Due to their three-dimensional structure and the incorporation of nitrogen, the pNHCS-functionalized electrode not only efficiently enriched the load of enzyme (ca. 8.65 × 10−10 molcm−2) but also significantly facilitated DET rate (ca. 10.73s−1). Thus, the pNHCS-based EBFCs exhibited an outstanding maximum power output (Pmax), which achieved to 325 ± 0.6µWcm−2. Then, based on a dual-fuel-driven EBFC, we developed an innovative self-powered biosensor to sense two kinds of cancer-related microRNAs, miR-21 and miR-141, at the same time. The detection limits were as low as 0.1fM for miR-21 and 4.0fM for miR-141 (S/N = 3). This material has excellent potential in the development of superior green bio-batteries as well as economical and portable self-powered biomedical sensors.
The rise of Industry 4.0 and the convergence with business process management provide new potential for the automatic gathering of process-related sensor information. In manufacturing, information about human behavior in manual assembly tasks is rare when no interaction with machines is involved. We suggest technologies to automatically detect material picking and placement in the assembly workflow to gather accurate data about human behavior and flexible support of human–process interaction. The detection of material picking is achieved by using background subtraction in combination with scales. For placement detection, two approaches are tested: image classification using convolutional neural networks and object detection using Haar wavelets. The detected fine-grained worker activities are then correlated with a hybrid model of the assembly workflow using the business process model and notation and case management model and notation, enabling the measurement of production time (time per state) and quality (frequency of error) on the shop floor as an entry point for conformance checking and process optimization. The approach has been evaluated in a quantitative case study recording the assembly process 30 times in a laboratory setup within 4 h. Under these conditions, the classification of assembly states using a neural network provides a test accuracy of 99.25% on 38 possible assembly states. Material picking based on background subtraction has been evaluated in an informal user study with six participants performing 16 picks each, providing an accuracy of 99.48%. The suggested method offers a promising approach to easily assess fine-grained timings and error rates of assembly steps which can be used to optimize the corresponding process.
Silicon carbide has been synthesised from silicon or silica combined with activated carbon or graphitevia microwave heating over timescales from minutes to seconds without the need for inert atmospheres or subsequent purification. The carbide morphology and phase purity can be controlled by the microwave cavity used and the power applied and hence by the heating rate. Short irradiation times (ca. 5 minutes) in a multimode cavity using activated carbon produce single phase β-SiC nanofibres as small as 5 nm in diameter while large crystallites of α- and β-SiC can obtained in ≪1 minute using high power, single mode cavity microwave techniques.
A large number of compounds are toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and/or carcinogenic. The genotoxicity of four textile dyes commonly used in India namely Sulphur Red Brown 360 (SRB), Jade Green 2G (JG), Reactofix Turquoise Blue 5GFL (RTB) and Direct Scarlet 4BS (DS) was determined by Bacillus subtilis spore Rec assay, both in the presence and absence of metabolizing activation mixture (S9 mix). Each dye was toxic at higher dose levels. A dose-dependent increase in the depth of growth inhibition zones was observed for all dyes. Zones of inhibition were usually clearer at higher doses of the dyes and with Rec− bacteria, but were translucent with Rec+ bacteria. SRB and DS were toxic to Rec+ and Rec− bacteria. JG was less genotoxic in the absence of S9 mix, however, its genotoxic potential increased in the presence of S9 mix. Reactofix T blue was more genotoxic in the absence of S9 mixture.
Immediately after damage to the nervous system, a cascade of physical, physiological, and anatomical events lead to the collapse of neuronal function and often death. This progression of injury processes is called "secondary injury." In the spinal cord and brain, this loss in function and anatomy is largely irreversible, except at the earliest stages. We investigated the most ignored and earliest component of secondary injury. Large bioelectric currents immediately enter damaged cells and tissues of guinea pig spinal cords. The driving force behind these currents is the potential difference of adjacent intact cell membranes. For perhaps days, it is the biophysical events caused by trauma that predominate in the early biology of neurotrauma.
This paper describes a systematic study of the effect of various spray pyrolysis parameters, such as temperature, solution concentration and solution flow rate on the morphology, crystallization process, crystal size, specific surface area and electrochemical performance of in situ prepared α-PbO spherically agglomerated nano-structured powders. Different analytical methods such as XRD, SEM, TEM, BET gas sorption specific surface area measurements and electrochemical tests were performed. Crystallites in the range of 20–120nm and easily dispersed powders were reproducibly prepared by optimization of the spray conditions. An increase of the temperature from 600 to 800°C was found to lead to a three times increase in the average crystal size, from 31 to 102nm. An increase of concentration from 0.15 to 0.5M dramatically suppresses the crystal size from 127 to 25nm. The BET surface area of sprayed PbO powders is increased up to 6.6m2 g−1. For such PbO powders applied as anode materials in Li-ion batteries, we have managed to retain a reversible capacity above 60mAhg−1 beyond 50 cycles.
Researchers worldwide view the high theoretical specific energy of the lithium–air or lithium–oxygen battery as a promising path to a transformational energy-storage system for electric vehicles. Here, we present a self-consistent material-to-system analysis of the best-case mass, volume, and cost values for the nonaqueous lithium–oxygen battery and compare them with current and advanced lithium-based batteries using metal-oxide positive electrodes. Surprisingly, despite their high theoretical specific energy, lithium–oxygen systems were projected to achieve parity with other candidate chemistries as a result of the requirement to deliver and purify or to enclose the gaseous oxygen reactant. The theoretical specific energy, which leads to predictions of an order of magnitude improvement over a traditional lithium-ion battery, is shown to be an inadequate predictor of systems-level cost, volume, and mass. This analysis reveals the importance of system-level considerations and identifies the reversible lithium-metal negative electrode as a common, critical high-risk technology needed for batteries to reach long-term automotive objectives. Additionally, advanced lithium-ion technology was found to be a moderate risk pathway to achieve the majority of volume and cost reductions.
Aim of the study Several extracts of Schinus molle var. areira L. plant proved to be useful for the treatment of different pathologies and for the control of insect pest. Due to these potential uses, it is necessary to study their safety. In this work, we evaluated the effects of subchronic exposure to ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruits of Schinus molle var. areira in mice. Materials and methods The plant extract was added to the diet at 1g/kgbody weight/day for 90 days. At the end of the exposure, behavioral and functional parameters in a functional observational battery and motor activity in an open field were assessed. Finally, several biochemical and histopathological studies were realized. Results The exposure to extract from leaves produced an increase in the number of rearings in the open field and of urine pools in the functional observational battery. On the other hand, the exposure to extract from fruits produced an increase in the neutrophil count and a decrease in the lymphocyte count and in the total cholesterol levels. None of the exposures affected the different organs evaluated. Conclusions Our results suggest that subchronic exposure to ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruits of Schinus molle var. areira should be potentially useful in the treatment of lipid pathologies and safe to use.
In the following work, we propose an assessment of wind potential in Algeria. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to draw the attention to the important wind potential in the region of Hassi-R’mel v ¯ ≈ 6 m/s . In the previous maps, the wind potential in this region has been underestimated due the fact that it is located between two less windy regions. Second, the actualization of the wind map of Algeria using very recent data stretching from February 2004 to December 2009. This paper is structured in three main parts. First, a stochastic and the cyclic study of the wind behaviors in the site of Hassi-R’mel are proposed. The stochastic study is carried out by fitting the wind speed data to Weibull distribution while the cyclic study is carried out via the use of time–frequency analysis. We have used the time–frequency analyses instead of the traditional Fourier analysis due its ability to follow the spectrum variation with respect to time. As results, it has been found that spectrum wind process enfold many limited interval oscillations. In the second part, we propose to contribute to the actualisation of the wind map in Algeria. In this part, we have considered also the topographical aspect of Algeria. Such consideration is very helpful for understanding the wind potential reparation over the country. Finally, a techno-economical study of a stand along hybrid system (wind/diesel) in the site of Hassi-R’mel is considered. Via this study, it has been found that been found that the site of Hassi-R’mel is very adequate for wind energy conversion systems.
Anisotropic mechanical properties were experimentally determined and compared for three types of commercially available Li-ion battery separators: Celgard 2325, Celgard PP2075 dry-processed polymer separators, and DreamWeaver Gold 40 non-woven separator. Significant amount of anisotropy of properties was determined, with the Young's modulus being different by up to a factor of 5 and ultimate strength being different by a factor of 10 between orthogonal directions within a polymer separator layer. Strain rate sensitivity was investigated by applying strain rates ranging from 1 ⋅ 10 − 4 s−1 to 0.1 s−1. Significant strengthening was observed and the strain rate strengthening coefficients were determined for both elastic modulus and yield stress in case of polymer separators. Digital image correlation technique was used to measure and map the strains over the specimen's gage section. Significant strain concentration in bands running perpendicular to the tensile axis was observed in polymer separator samples oriented in transverse direction. Such localized necking allows for extremely high strains close to 300% to develop in the material. The failure mode was remarkably different for all three types of separators which adds additional variable in safe design of Li-ion batteries for prevention of internal short circuits.
Abstract This chapter deals with the influence of different types of fillers such as macrofillers, microfillers, and nanofillers on the material properties of polyurethane (PU) composites and nanocomposites. The PU composites and nanocomposites based on different suitable fillers have received remarkable attention from academicians, researchers, and industrial personnel, since their early research and development stages. Nowadays, various filler-based PU composites and nanocomposites play a crucial rule in view of their noticeable performance properties and multifunctional applications. PU is an important synthetic polymer because of its good mechanical properties, excellent transparency, high abrasion resistance, excellent shock absorption, good flexibility, high elasticity, good low-temperature performance, and outstanding oil and grease resistance, and many more. The reinforcement of fillers into the PU matrix significantly increases the overall properties of the composites and nanocomposites due to the synergism between the counterparts. The shape (spherical, blucky, platy, fibrous, tubular, irregular, etc.), size (macro, micro, and nano), and dimensions (1D, 2D, and 3D) of the fillers are the vital controlling factors to select a proficient competent one. The effective uniform dispersion of fillers within the PU matrix as well as the development of strong interfacial interactions among PU matrix and fillers to institute a successful interphase load transfer mechanism, are the important factors for preparation of superior filler-reinforced PU composites and nanocomposites.
The factors affecting the cycle-life of Zn–polyaniline (PANI) rechargeable batteries are studied by means of electrochemical and surface analyses of electrodes. The PANI polymeric film is prepared by cyclic voltammetery in an aqueous solution, and is tested as the positive electrode (cathode) of a secondary battery containing a 1.0M ZnCl2 and 0.5M NH4Cl electrolyte. The battery is charged and discharged by a constant current. The capacity variation of Zn–PANI rechargeable batteries is studied as a function of cycle number, and the relation between capacity loss and performance of the zinc anode and polymeric cathode is examined. The behaviour of the zinc electrode is evaluated from Tafel plots. The capacity decreases with charge–discharge cycling. The cathode (PANI) is degraded electrochemically under charge conditions, and the cycle-life of the Zn–PANI rechargeable battery is limited by the anode (zinc). The polarization resistance (R p) of the anode increases with cycling. As a result, the battery capacity is limited by the anode R p. Surface analysis of the anode reveals that a solid phase containing the chlorine element is formed on the anode surface. The cycle-life of the Zn–PANI battery is limited by zinc passivation, which is possibly related to the formation of the solid phases ZnCl2·3NH4Cl and ZnCl2·2NH4Cl on the anode surface.
It is reported that mobile users spend most of their time on texting SMS, Social Networking, Emailing, or sending instant messaging (IM), all of which involve text input. There are three primary text input modalities, soft keyboard (SK), speech to text (STT) and Swype. Each one of them engages a different set of hardware and consequently consumes different amounts of battery energy. Using high-precision power measurement hardware and systematically taking into account the user context, we characterize and compare the energy consumption of these three input modalities. We find that the length of interaction, or the message length, determines the most energy efficient modality. For short interactions, less than 14–30 characters, SK is the most energy efficient. For longer interactions, however, STT significantly outperforms both SK and Swype. When message length distributions of popular text activities are considered, STT provides near optimal energy consumption without requiring the user to predict the message length and decide between SK and STT. In terms of battery life, the choice of input modality makes significant differences. If users always choose SK for all their text activities, they will consume nearly 50% of the phone battery each day. Choosing STT over SK can save 30%–40% of the battery depending on the choice of STT software.
Microgeneration technologies such as solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, wind and heat pumps may be able to contribute to meeting UK climate change and energy security targets, but their contribution to UK domestic energy supply remains low. This research uses a best-worst scaling survey of microgeneration adopters, considerers and rejecters (n =291) to determine the relative importance of different motivations and barriers in microgeneration (non) adoption decisions. The most important motivations are earning money from installation, increasing household energy independence and protecting against future high energy costs. Results indicate that the introduction of Feed-in Tariffs has clearly encouraged a new, more financially-motivated, group to install. Financial factors are the most important barriers and of most importance to rejecters is the prospect of losing money if they moved home. The Green Deal was introduced to reduce this barrier, but may instead exacerbate the problem as potential homebuyers are put off purchasing a home with an attached Green Deal debt. The difficulty in finding trustworthy information on microgeneration is also a major obstacle to adoption, particularly for considerers, despite efforts by the government and microgeneration interest groups to reduce this barrier. Self-sufficiency in energy is a more important motivation for those considering or having rejected installation than for adopters. Provision of accessible information and greater emphasis on household self-sufficiency in energy could help improve the uptake.
The cognitive profiles of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) are currently explored as potential facilitating and/or maintenance factors. Specific data in restrictive AN (AN-R) remain contradictory. This study focused on women with AN-R to evaluate their cognitive functions to develop a more specific cognitive remediation program.
To understand the limited cycle life performance and poor energy efficiency associated with rechargeable lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries, the discharge products of primary Li–O2 cells at different depths of discharge (DOD) were systematically analyzed using XRD, FTIR and Ultra-high field MAS NMR. When discharged to 2.0V, the reaction products of Li–O2 cells include a small amount of Li2O2 along with Li2CO3 and RO–(CO)–OLi in the alkyl carbonate-based electrolyte. However, regardless of the DOD, there is no Li2O detected in the discharge products in the alkyl-carbonate electrolyte. For the first time it was revealed that in an oxygen atmosphere the high surface area carbon significantly reduces the electrochemical operation window of the electrolyte, and leads to plating of insoluble Li salts on the electrode at the end of the charging process. Therefore, the impedance of the Li–O2 cell continues to increase after each discharge and recharge process. After only a few cycles, the carbon air electrode is completely insulated by the accumulated Li salt terminating the cycling.
Vanadium oxide (V2O5) is a candidate as cathodic material for lithium ion batteries. With the aim of improving the electrode performance, Polypyrrole (Ppy) has been proposed as binder and conducting element in the oxide structure. The hybrid synthesis has been carried out in the literature by chemical polymerization of Pyrrole in the host inorganic matrix, in some cases using the V2O5 dispersed in an acidic solution as an oxidizing agent. The hybrid material can be prepared using different acidic solutions that can influence the polymerization process affecting the electrochemical properties of the final hybrid material. The reasons and consequences for this influence are discussed and analyzed using different experimental techniques.
In this paper, we suggest to optimize power allocation coefficients and harvesting duration in mixed Radio Frequency (RF)/Free Space Optical (FS0) communications using Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). The system model contains three time slots. In the first time slot, relay node R harvests energy from RF signal received from node H. Node H can be any node transmitting RF signals. In the second time slot, an FSO transmitter T transmits a linear combination of symbols of K users to relay node R using NOMA. In the third and last slot, relay R detects the receive symbols and sends a linear combination of detected symbols to K users using NOMA. We show that power allocation and harvesting duration optimization allow to increase the throughput of RF/FSO communications. We consider two users’ ranking techniques using average or instantaneous channel gains.