batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The high-value utilization of green renewable nature lignin is an effective way to improve the economic feasibility of the lignocellulosic refine industry. Especially, the porous lignin-derived carbon (PLC) with high surface area prepared by activation is promising for application in energy storage field. However, the low graphitization degree, high micropore volume and poor structural stability of PLC have been the major obstacle for further application as the energy storage materials such as lithium ion batteries. Here, a highly dispersed lignin and carbon nanotube composites (Lignin/CNTs) were firstly prepared by hydrophobic self-assembly process based on π-π interaction, and then carbonized to obtain PLC/CNTs materials with layered structure supported by carbon nanotubes. The intervention of carbon nanotubes can improve the conductivity and structural stability of PLC, especially the microstructure, which provides a transmission channel and active site for the storage of lithium ion. Compared with PLC (900 °C, K2CO3 activation), the resulting of PLC/CNTs possess lesser microporous, a large number of mesoporous channels and higher graphitization. Therefore, PLC/CNTs exhibited excellent lithium storage capacities, such as the initial coulombic efficiency increased by ca.25% and the reversible capacity increased by 24% than that of PLC. This process provides a simple method for the dispersion of CNTs, and provides basic data for the high-value of industrial lignin.
The balance ability in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD-C) has not been fully examined, particularly dynamic sitting balance. Moreover, the findings of some published studies are contradictory. We examined the static and dynamic sitting balance ability in 20 children with ADHD-C (mean age: 9 years 3 months; 18 boys, 2 girls) and 20 age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and IQ-matched healthy and typically developing controls (mean age: 9 years 2 months; 18 boys, 2 girls). The balance subtests of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) were used to compare the two groups, and a mechanical horseback riding test was recorded using a motion-capture system. Compared with the controls, children with ADHD-C had less-consistent patterns of movement, more deviation of movement area, and less-effective balance strategies during mechanical horseback riding. In addition, their performance on the balance subtests of the MABC and BOTMP were not as well as those of the controls. Our findings suggest that balance ability skill levels in children with ADHD-C were generally not as high as those of the controls in various aspects, including static and dynamic balance.
The demand for energy sources with high energy densities continues to push the limits of Ni-rich layered oxides, which are currently the most promising cathode materials in automobile batteries. Although most current research is focused on extending battery life using Ni-rich layered cathodes, long-term cycling stability using a full cell is yet to be demonstrated. Here, we introduce Li[Ni0.90Co0.09Ta0.01]O2, which exhibits 90% capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at full depth of discharge (DOD) and a cathode energy density >850 Wh kg−1. In contrast, the currently most sought-after Li[Ni0.90Co0.09Al0.01]O2 cathode loses ~40% of its initial capacity within 500 cycles at full DOD. Cycling stability is achieved by radially aligned primary particles with [003] crystallographic texture that effectively dissipate the internal strain occurring in the deeply charged state, while the substitution of Ni3+ with higher valence ions induces ordered occupation of Ni ions in the Li slab and stabilizes the delithiated structure.
In France, more than 250 million metric tons of sludges need to be treated each year. These sludges are either dumped on the landfills or reused as secondary resources in order to preserve natural resources. A large portions of these sludges are mineral sludges, originating from metal recycling plants. In order to estimate their metal recovery potential, these mineral sludges were characterized. Four types of mineral sludge samples were collected from a metal recycling plant (3 from the recycling plant storage areas (bulk storage, barrel storage and storage shed) and 1 from the collection basin). The sludges were characterized, wherein the Mo, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn and W content and speciation were quantified. The samples had pH values between 5.9 and 10.3 with organic matter contents varying between 6.3% (storage shed) and 29.5% (bulk storage) (loss on ignition at 500°C). Based on their leaching properties, the four mineral sludge samples (in the case of Mo) and the bulk storage sludge (in the case of Ni and Zn) were classified as potentially hazardous regarding the EN 12457-1 and EN 12457-2 method. Mineralogical results reveal that both bulk storage and the storage shed give the highest contributions to the metal content of the collection basin sample. Sequential extraction of the collection basin samples indicated that Mo is bound to the oxidizable and residual fraction, while Ni, Cr and Co were bound to the residual fraction, and Zn to the soluble acid fraction, respectively. W tends to be equally distributed among all extracted fractions. A strong correlation existed between Mo and Co, as well as between Ni, Zn and Cr, respectively.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms are common in patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship of OC symptoms with cognition in schizophrenia remains puzzling. Methods: 47 patients with schizophrenia were tested on the pattern and spatial recognition memory (PRM and SRM) and the spatial working memory (SWM) tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and were rated on the Yale-Brown OC scale (YB) in an acute psychiatric ward. We categorized patients into three groups according to severity of OC symptoms (YB=0, n=17; 11≤YB≥1, n=11; YB≥12, n=16). We also divided them into two groups, consisting of patients with a possible commorbid OCD diagnosis (YB≥17, n=9) or not (YB<17, n=35). Statistical correlation analyses and the Mann-Whitney test were performed using the SPSS. Results: We failed to find significant differences among the groups. No significant correlations were detected between YB obsession, compulsion or total scores and memory performance. Discussion: Patients with schizophrenia and commorbid OC symptoms are not more cognitively impaired on tests of visual recognition and spatial working memory than their counterparts without OC symptoms. These findings cast doubt on the postulated negative influence of OC symptoms on cognitive function in schizophrenia.
Information about the patterns that govern the energy demand and onsite generation can generate significant savings in the range of 15–30% in most cases and thus is essential for the management of commercial building energy systems. Predominantly, heating and cooling in a building as well as the availability of solar and wind energy are directly affected by variables such as temperature, humidity and solar radiation. This makes energy management decision making and planning sensitive to the prevalent and future weather conditions. Research attempts are being made using a variety of statistical or physical algorithms to predict the evolution of the building load or generation in order to optimise the building energy management. The response of the building energy system to changes in weather conditions is inherently challenging to predict; nevertheless numerous methods in the literature describe and utilise weather predictions. Such methods are being reviewed in this study and their strengths, weaknesses and applications in commercial buildings at different prediction horizons are discussed. Furthermore, the importance of considering weather forecasting inputs in energy management systems is established by highlighting the dependencies of various building components on weather conditions. The issues of the difficulty in implementation of integrated weather forecasts at commercial building level and the potential added value through energy management optimisation are also addressed. Finally, a novel framework is proposed that utilises a range of weather variable predictions in order to optimise certain commercial building systems.
Deployment of lithium metal batteries requires fast charging capability and long-term cycling stability. Now, a small amount of LiPF6 in a dual salt electrolyte is shown to enable stable cycling of lithium metal batteries at fast charging rates.
All solid-state lithium batteries are constructed by using highly conducting Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) as the solid electrolytes as well as the supports, coated with composite cathodes consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF):LiTFSI, Ketjen Black, and carbon-coated LiFePO4 on one side and attached with Li anode on the other side. At 60 °C, the batteries show the first discharge capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles. As the current density increases from 0.05 C to 1 C, the specific capacity decreases from 150 mAh g−1 to 100 mAh g−1. Further elevated temperature up to 100 °C leads to further improved performance, i.e. 126 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 99% capacity retention after 100 cycles. This good performance can be attributed to the highly conducting ceramic electrolytes, the optimum electronic and ionic conducting networks in the composite cathodes, and closely contacted cathode/LLZTO interface. These results indicate that the present strategy is promising for development of high-performance solid-state Li-ion batteries operated at medium temperature.
Monodispersed carbon/Fe3O4 composite microspheres with hollow structures are prepared by heat treating monodispersed hollow poly(St/AN/DVB)/Fe3O4 microspheres synthesized through seeded polymerization and a wet chemical method. Monodispersed hollow carbon/Fe3O4 composite microspheres are characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused-ion beam scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. The electrodes containing the monodispersed hollow carbon/Fe3O4 composite microspheres exhibit an excellent cycling and rate capabilities with efficiency of 99% even after 100 cycles at high current rate. These results are because hollow structure and Fe3O4 nano-crystals introduced significantly affected the kinetics of lithium ions and improvement of low capacity of carbon used as LIBs anodes.
Tools deflection that occurs during machining, and especially when flexible tools such as end mills are used, can result in dimensional errors on workpieces. The study presented here is part one of a two-part paper: it deals with the estimation of cutting forces and the prediction of milled surface. The second part will focus on a methodology that allows to optimize the production rate by compensating the deflection and meeting the part tolerance. Cutting force models have been and are still the subject of a lot of research. The model used is based on Kline and Devor's [5]: a polynomial approximation whose coefficients are obtained by least square methodology is used for the calculation of cutting forces. The machined surface (two axis machining) is determined using the contact point methodology and some experimental tests are done to validate the models.
Electrochemical and UV-VIS measurements demonstrate that the pH value of a 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-pipperidinyloxyl (TEMPOL) electrolyte significantly impacts its redox reversibility. The diffusion coefficient and kinetic rate constant of TEMPOL in neutral aqueous solution are determined and shown to be comparable to those of vanadium ions used for industrially utilized redox flow batteries (RFBs). RFBs that incorporate a TEMPOL catholyte and Zn-based anolyte have an average voltage of 1.46 V and an energy efficiency of 80.4% during the initial cycle, when subject to a constant current of 10 mA cm−2. We demonstrate several factors that significantly influence the concentration and capacity retention of TEMPOL upon cycling; namely, pH and atmospheric gases dissolved in electrolyte. We expand upon the known reactions of TEMPOL in aqueous electrolyte and propose several concepts to improve its electrochemical performance in a RFB. Controlling these factors will be the key to enable the successful implementation of this relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly battery.
Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was studied as electrolyte additive to improve the low-temperature performance of LiFePO4 electrode in lithium ion battery (LIB). The effects of the FEC on the LiFePO4 electrode were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the LiFePO4 electrode, which was cycled in electrolyte containing 2vol.% FEC, exhibited higher discharge capacity and better rate performance at low temperature than that without FEC. SEM and XPS results showed the morphology change and the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI). EIS results indicated that the interfacial impedances of the Li/LiFePO4 batteries with FEC additive were far smaller than those without FEC additive, especially at low temperature. The improved performances were ascribed to the enhancement of ion conductivity of SEI film and the decrease of polarization of LiFePO4 electrode.
Li3MnO4 Mn(V) was synthesized from LiOH and LiMnO4, and characterized by gravimetric, X-ray, and XPS analysis. This precursor was used to improve the calcination time required for the low temperature solid state synthesis of highly oxidized spinels, Li2Mn4O8+x . TG calculations were used to show the effect of calcination conditions on phase purity. The effect of a second phase on cycling performance was evaluated.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and nephronophthisis (NPH) share two common features: cystic kidneys and ciliary localized gene products. Mutation in either the PKD1 or PKD2 gene accounts for 95% of all ADPKD cases. Mutation in one of four genes (NPHP1-4) results in nephronophthisis. The NPHP1, NPHP2, PKD1, and PKD2 protein products (nephrocystin-1, nephrocystin-2 or inversin, polycystin-1, and polycystin-2, respectively) localize to primary cilia of renal epithelia. However, the relationship between the nephrocystins and polycystins, if any, is unknown. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the LOV-1 and PKD-2 polycystins localize to male-specific sensory cilia and are required for male mating behaviors. To test the hypothesis that ADPKD and NPH cysts arise from a common defect in cilia, we characterized the C. elegans homologs of NPHP1 and NPHP4. C. elegans nphp-1 and nphp-4 are expressed in a subset of sensory neurons. GFP-tagged NPHP-1 and NPHP-4 proteins localize to ciliated sensory endings of dendrites and colocalize with PKD-2 in male-specific sensory cilia. The cilia of nphp-1(ok500) and nphp-4(tm925) mutants are intact. nphp-1; nphp-4 double, but not single, mutant males are response defective. We propose that NPHP-1 and NPHP-4 proteins play important and redundant roles in facilitating ciliary sensory signal transduction.
An aqueous binder, fluorine acrylic hybrid latex (TRD 202A), is utilized as the binder to fabricate a cathode electrode using a lithium manganese rich composite (LMR-NMC) as the active material. The derived Li/LMR-NMC half cells have advantages of more than 240mAh/g specific capacity and low impedance of less than 50Ωcm2. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) results indicate that the electrode with aqueous binder shows improved thermal stability compared with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). Furthermore, the cathode electrode with aqueous binder is tested against the graphite electrodes with another aqueous binder, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR). The evaluation results of graphite/LMR-NMC full cells show that full cells with aqueous binders in both anodes and cathodes inherit almost all advantages of Li/LMR-NMC half cells, except the long cycle life.
Silver vanadium oxide (Ag1.2V3O8) has been successfully synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction between AgNO3 and sol–gel prepared VOC2O4. The morphology and phase of the calcinations products are largely temperature-dependent. The morphologies of the calcinations products evolutes from nanorods to nanobelts and higher purity can be obtained with the raise of temperatures. Nanobelts with a thickness around 200 nm can be obtained at 450 °C. The as-synthesized Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts are of single crystal. As a cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries, the Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts exhibit good cyclic stability and high-rate capability. A stable specific discharge capacities of 215, 198, and 174 mA h g−1 can be delivered at the current densities of 50, 100 and 200 mA g−1, respectively. The superior performances are attributed to the good reversibility of electrochemically formed LiV3O8 and improved conductivity by in-situ formed Ag phase.
The polished commercial zinc foil as the current collector and thiourea (TU) as the electrolyte additive are studied systematically to improve the performance of LiMn2O4/Zn aqueous battery. The results show that the coulombic efficiency and the cycling performance are significantly improved by using the polished zinc foil as the anode current collector. Moreover, the TU addition increases the cycling performance of LiMn2O4/Zn battery and decreases the float charge current density of the battery at room as well as high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests confirm that there is nearly no effect of TU in the electrolyte on the crystal structure of LiMn2O4 electrode. However, the addition of TU has an indirect effect on the morphology. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and deposition–dissolution measurement demonstrate that TU is stable on the cathode electrode and it is able to adsorb to the surface of the zinc anode current collector. As such, the deposition–dissolution efficiency and energy efficiency are improved, which also can be attributed to faster deposition–dissolution and smaller self-discharge process of zinc.
Pure and Sc2O3-, TiO2-, and V2O5-doped MnO2 were synthesized via ambient-temperature redox synthesis followed by ultrasonication. X-ray diffraction patterns show that pure and doped MnO2 samples all crystallize in the ϒ-MnO2 structure. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis indicates higher surface areas for doped MnO2, and TiO2-doped MnO2 exhibits the highest surface area of 106.60 m2 g−1 . Compared with undoped MnO2, the electrochemical results demonstrate that all of the doped MnO2 samples have higher specific discharge capacities and voltage platforms, among which TiO2-doped MnO2 shows the highest capacity. The discharging efficiency of TiO2-doped MnO2 reaches 90.32% (278.2 mAh g−1) at 0.1mAcm−2 and 73.02% (224.9 mAh g−1) at 2.0mAcm−2. In addition, the electrode fabricated from this material displays a greater improvement in its electrochemical lithium-storage properties with an increase in current density—an increase of 13.8% at 0.1mAcm−2 and 40.1% at 2.0mAcm−2—compared that observed for the undoped material. Thus, doped MnO2 exhibits promise as a cathode material for lithium primary batteries, and we determine that the electrochemical reaction process of Li+ insertion into the MnO2 matrix may be a mixed-controlled reaction. Based on an investigation of various depths of discharge, it is assumed that Sc2O3, TiO2 and V2O5-doped MnO2 have better structural stability because of the stronger Mn-O bond energy and smaller cell volume changes induced by doping. Moreover, a model has been proposed to describe the structural changes undergone by the test materials at different depths of discharge.
The development of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is greatly restricted by the unsatisfactory anode materials with low capacity and poor cycling stability. Herein, we report a dual-activation hydrothermal process to prepare highly porous activated loofah sponge carbon (ALSC) and ALSC/Ni composite. ALSC is prepared by a facile KOH-based hydrothermal method and further embedded with Ni nanoparticles to form ALSC/Ni composite material by a simple NiCl2-treated hydrothermal pyrolysis. The as-obtained ALSC/Ni composite material has a 3D connected porous structure and a large specific surface area of 689.6 m2 g−1 due to the etching reaction between NiCl2 and carbon. Moreover, higher electrical conductivity and more active sites are achieved in the ALSC/Ni composite material. When applied as anode for sodium ion batteries, the ALSC/Ni electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 325.4 mA h g−1 and keeps a capacity retention of 72.5% after 100 cycles at 20 mA g−1, much better than ALSC and other counterparts. Due to the unique porous structure and embedded nickel nanoparticles, the designed ALSC/Ni electrode also shows enhanced rate performance. Our work paves a new road for fabrication of high-performance carbon composite electrodes for SIBs.
Solid electrolytes with sufficiently high conductivities and stabilities are the elusive answer to the inherent shortcomings of organic liquid electrolytes prevalent in today's rechargeable batteries. We recently revealed a novel fast-ion-conducting sodium salt, Na2B12H12, which contains large, icosahedral, divalent B12H122− anions that enable impressive superionic conductivity, albeit only above its 529 K phase transition. Its lithium congener, Li2B12H12, possesses an even more technologically prohibitive transition temperature above 600 K. Here we show that the chemically related LiCB11H12 and NaCB11H12 salts, which contain icosahedral, monovalent CB11H12− anions, both exhibit much lower transition temperatures near 400 K and 380 K, respectively, and truly stellar ionic conductivities (>0.1 S cm−1) unmatched by any other known polycrystalline materials at these temperatures. With proper modifications, we are confident that room-temperature-stabilized superionic salts incorporating such large polyhedral anion building blocks are attainable, thus enhancing their future prospects as practical electrolyte materials in next-generation, all-solid-state batteries.
Monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 can be rapidly synthesized at 750°C for 5min (MW5m) by using microwave solid-state synthesis method. The refined cell parameters and atomic coordination of the sample MW5m show some deviations compared with those of the sample synthesized in conventional solid-state synthesis method, especially the coordinate of Li atoms. Compared with the electrochemical properties of the carbon-coating sample Li3V2(PO4)3, the carbon-free sample MW5m presents well electrochemical properties. In the cut-off voltage of 3.0–4.3V, MW5m sample presents a specific charge capacity of 132mAhg−1, almost equivalent to the reversible cycling of two lithium ions per Li3V2(PO4)3 formula unit (133mAhg−1), and specific discharge capacity of 126.4mAhg−1. In the cut-off voltage of 3.0–4.8V, MW5m shows an initial specific discharge capacity of 183.4mAhg−1 at 0.1C, near the theoretical discharge capacity. In the cycle performance, the capacity fade of Li3V2(PO4)3 is dependent on the cut-off voltage and the preparation method, more capacity lost at relatively higher charge/discharge voltage. The reasons for the excellent electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3 rapidly synthesized in microwave field are discussed in detail.