batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper presents the iterative research, design and evaluation phases of a digital wearable health system for monitoring, managing and possibly assisting in preventing the effects of a chronic disease called Raynaud’s Phenomenon (RP). The wearable health system is composed of three main parts, a physical product of a smart ring, the digital infrastructure of the physical computing subsystem (hardware and software) and an accompanying smartphone application. A set of design requirements that best describe the functionality and the characteristics of wearable health systems have been selected to derive a thorough study and evaluate the design prototype. We present these along with a set of guidelines for designing wearable health systems (device products and software at the application level) with focus on usability and user experience. The purpose is to evaluate, the prototype which is based on multiple sensor inputs that acquire simultaneously several biomedical and environmental signals, the interaction techniques used and the feedback mechanisms of the smart ring and the accompanying smartphone application for logging and monitoring the progress of RP.
ZnO nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal route without any substrate or template. Structure analyses through XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM indicated that ZnO nanowires had high purity and perfect crystallinity, and grew along [0001]. The diameter was 50–80nm, the length was about several micrometers and length-diameter ratio was more than 100. As electrode materials of Ni/Zn batteries, ZnO nanowires showed the obviously improved cycle stability, average discharge capacity of 609mAhg−1, higher discharge voltage/lower charge voltage. Slow rate cyclic voltammetry showed that electrochemical activity of ZnO nanowires was superior to that of the conventional ZnO. The improvements of electrochemical performance were ascribed to the unique nanowire structure. During the charging/discharging cycles, nanowires were broke, grew in diameter, and changed into nanorods. Nanowires lying parallel to the anodes could suppress the growth of dendrite clusters perpendicular to the anodes.
Short- and long-time solutions for material balance equations for porous electrodes in both the solid and the solution phase is presented. These solutions represent the concentration profile of lithium-ions in the solid and solution phases of the positive electrode of a lithium-ion cell, and are obtained using the method of Laplace transform for short- and long-time intervals.
In job-shop manufacturing systems, an efficient production schedule acts to reduce unnecessary costs and better manage resources. For the same purposes, modern manufacturing cells, in compliance with industry 4.0 concepts, use material handling systems in order to allow more control on the transport tasks. In this paper, a job-shop scheduling problem in vehicle based manufacturing facility that is mainly related to job assignment to resources is addressed. The considered job-shop production cell has two types of resources: processing resources that accomplish fabrication tasks for specific products, and transporting resources that assure parts’ transport to the processing area. A Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm is used to schedule product manufacturing and handling tasks in the aim to minimize the maximum completion time of a job set and an improved lower bound with new calculation method is presented. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
The paper presents post-mortem analysis of commercial LiFePO4 battery cells, which are aged at 55 °C and − 20 °C using dynamic current profiles and different depth of discharges (DOD). Post-mortem analysis focuses on the structure of the electrodes using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition changes using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that ageing at lower DOD results in higher capacity fading compared to higher DOD cycling. The anode surface aged at 55 °C forms a dense cover on the graphite flakes, while at the anode surface aged at − 20 °C lithium plating and LiF crystals are observed. As expected, Fe dissolution from the cathode and deposition on the anode are observed for the ageing performed at 55 °C, while Fe dissolution and deposition are not observed at − 20 °C. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the surface conductivity is examined, which shows only minor degradation for the cathodes aged at − 20 °C. The cathodes aged at 55 °C exhibit micrometer size agglomerates of nanometer particles on the cathode surface. The results indicate that cycling at higher SOC ranges is more detrimental and low temperature cycling mainly affects the anode by the formation of plated Li.
The increasing electricity generation from renewable resources has side effects on power grid systems, because of daily and seasonally intermittent nature of these sources. Additionally, there are fluctuations in the electricity demand during the day, so energy storage system (ESS) can play a vital role to compensate these troubles and seems to be a crucial part of smart grids in the future. This study comparatively presents a widespread and comprehensive description of energy storage systems with detailed classification, features, advantages, environmental impacts, and implementation possibilities with application variations.
An attempt was made to synthesise PVdF-based polymer electrolytes containing 1:1 EC:PC plasticiser in various salts such as LiAsF6, LiPF6 and LiBF4 at different ratios using PVdF as homopolymer. Though, having a high ionic conductivity, certain films were found to be fragile, an indication of poor mechanical strength. Therefore, PVdF–PVC blend polymers were prepared using different ratios of PVdF–PVC as well as with different amounts of plasticiser mixture. Film characterisation was attempted using XRD, DSC, impedance and conductivity measurements. A particular combination of PVdF–PVC in the ratio 25:5 was observed to have high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength. The electrochemical stability and the stability of lithium–polymer interface of the prepared polymer electrolytes were checked in terms of charge–discharge and impedance studies. Effect of storage time and cyclability are discussed.
This preliminary randomized controlled trial compared Training Executive, Attention and Motor Skills (TEAMS), a played-based intervention for preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to an active comparison intervention consisting of parent education and support (
Objectives Sex steroid hormones are implicated in the cognitive processes of the adult brain. Among studies reporting a positive effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on cognition, the most consistent evidence is that it enhances verbal memory and visuospatial functions. In the present study we investigated the effect of ERT on cognition and on brain morphology in healthy postmenopausal women, taking into account the distinction in current and past ERT users. Methods Participants were postmenopausal nondemented women recruited from the community: ERT users were 40 (23 current users, 17 past users), while never users were 43. Forty of recruited subjects gave consent to undergo 3D high resolution MRI (16 current users, 7 past users and 17 never users). Participants underwent MMSE and a battery of neuropsychological tests measuring memory, language, intelligence, attention and visuo-spatial abilities. Results The past users group outperformed the never users in four tests: Token test, WCST categories, attentional matrices and Rey's delayed list; the current users group outperformed the never users in the Rey's list test. ERT users had greater grey matter volumes mainly in the cerebellum, but an increase was observed also in the parietal and occipital cortex. Conclusions ERT use appears to improve linguistic, attentive and planning abilities. Interestingly, the beneficial effects on cognition were detected mainly in the past users subgroup. Here we propose that the trophic effect of estrogens on cerebellum might account for the observed improvement in cognition.
A pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) electro-chemical lithium-ion battery model is presented in this paper to study the capacity fade under cyclic charge-discharge conditions. The Newman model [1,2] has been modified to include a continuous solvent reduction reaction responsible for the capacity fade and power fade. The temperature variation inside the cell is accurately predicted using a distributed thermal model coupled with the internal chemical heat generation. The model is further improved by linking the porosity variation with the electrolyte partial molar concentration, thereby proving a stronger coupling between the battery performance and the chemical properties of electrolyte. The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer growth is estimated for different cut-off voltages and charging current rates. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient as well as the porosity variation influences the SEI layer growth and the battery life significantly. The choice of an electrolyte decides the conductivity and partial molar concentration, which is found to have a strong influence on the capacity fade of the battery. The present battery model integrates all essential electro-chemical processes inside a lithium-ion battery under a strong implicit algorithm, proving a useful tool for computationally fast battery monitoring system.
This article examines the contribution of Ottoman sources of historical information for the study of the seismicity of Greece, in particular of Athens during the period of the Ottoman domination, a period during which relatively few original Greek sources of data are available. An annotated list of a number of case histories of earthquakes in Greece from Ottoman sources is presented translating only a summary of the information for those who want to access the whole document. They contain not only a valuable record of earthquakes, but also, for the earthquake historian, a wealth of information about locations where earthquakes were not felt. The article discusses the effects of earthquakes, of the 1826–7 siege on the Acropolis its purpose being to provide information with such annotation as would facilitate its use by engineering seismologists with additional macroseismic data that could supplement the rather meagre information.
The paper brings out the advantages of fast breeder reactor and importance of developing closed nuclear fuel cycle for the large scale energy production, which is followed by its salient safety features. Further, the current status and future strategy of the fast reactor programme since the inception through 40 MWt/13 MWe Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), is highlighted. The challenges and achievements in science and technology of FBRs focusing on safety are described with the particular reference to 500 MWe capacity Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), being commissioned at Kalpakkam. Roadmap with comprehensive R&D for the large scale deployment of Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor (SFRs) and timely introduction of metallic fuel reactors with emphasis on breeding gain and enhanced safety are being brought out in this paper.
The silicon-based composite prepared by electrodeposition exhibits outstanding electrochemical performances for several thousand cycles because the co-deposited oxygen and carbon could act as buffer materials to reduce internal stress during charge-discharge cycling. However, it is not easy to increase the loading amount of active materials due to low structural stability at a high passing charge over 15 C cm−2 for electrodeposition, leading the low areal capacity of Si–O–C composite as an anode. In this study, we propose a new way to enhance the structural stability of silicon-based anode by an electrochemical co-deposition technique using tin as supporting material, namely Sn–Si–O–C composite. The co-deposited tin has a whisker-shaped structure, and it prevents the exfoliation of activated material during electrodeposition. Besides, tin whisker can act as an electron pathway, resulting in improved electrochemical performance including high rate performance. The enhanced electrical conductivity is investigated by electrochemical impedance analysis. The improved electrochemical performance of Sn–Si–O–C composite indicates the high potential as an electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
The Li1+y[Ni(1−x)/3Mn(1−x)/3Co(1−x)/3Mox]O2(M=Ni(1−x)/3Mn(1−x)/3Co(1−x)/3Mox) ternary cathode material has been synthesized by solid state reactions with the industrial product Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2 as a precursor. X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyzer and surface analyzer are employed to investigate the lattice structure, particle size and specific surface area of the powder. Comprehensively considering the improvement of cycle life and the capacity decreased, Li/M=1.16 is chosen as right lithium rich ingredients used to co-dope with Mo element. For the Mo/M=0.02, Li/M=1.16 sample, the discharge capability is best, which is 126.06mAhg−1 at 750mAg−1(5C) of discharge current density and at room temperature higher than 118.32mAhg−1, that of the Li/M=1.16 sample without Mo. At the same current density, the best discharge capacity at low temperature of −30°C for the sample Mo/M=0.02, Li/M=1.16 is 65.41mAhg−1 higher than 58.18mAhg−1 of Li/M=1.16 sample without Mo. Through the Li and Mo co-doping, unit cell volume V shows increasing trend and may be one of the most basic dominant factor about the improvement of low temperature electrochemical performance. Because of larger specific surface area and less median radius D50, the samples with Li and Mo co-doping has a big reaction activity, which is another important reason. Impedance changes could better explain the improvement trend of high rate discharge capability of cathode samples with Mo and Li co-doping at high current density.
Hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were supersonically sprayed onto copper current collectors to create high-performance, binder-free lithium ion battery (LIB) electrodes. Supersonic spray deposition is rapid, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale production. Supersonic impact of rGO sheets and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the substrate produces compacted nanocomposite films with short diffusion lengths for Li+ ions. This structure produces high reversible capacity and markedly improved capacity retention over many cycles. Decomposition of lithium oxide generated during cycling activates the solid electrolyte interface layer, contributing to high capacity retention. The optimal composition ratio of rGO to Fe2O3 was 9.1wt.%, which produced a reversible capacity of 1242mAhg−1 after N =305 cycles at a current density of 1000mAg−1 (1C).
In spite of the existence of several NiCd batteries treatment processes around the world, little is known about the fundamental aspects of this technology. The objective of this research is to study the most important technological variables of NiCd batteries recycling by vacuum distillation. Laboratory equipment was set up to study vacuum thermal processing of milled batteries. During the tests, the total pressure was maintained at 0.1mbar while temperatures varied from 700 to 1100°C. Results obtained show that the distillation process is possible at temperatures above 700°C. If temperature is raised to the range of 900–1100°C, treatment time is reduced to less than 2h. At temperatures higher than 900°C the recovery of Cd contained in the batteries reached 99.9%.
A nanostructured sulfur/polypyrrole binary composite was prepared by a simple one-step ballmilling without heat-treatment. High resolution transmission and scanning electronic microscopy showed the formation of a highly developed branched structure consisting of polypyrrole with uniform sulfur coating on its surface. Exclusion of heat-treatment in the composite preparation avoided the sulfur loss; the composite contained 65wt% of sulfur. AC impedance spectroscopy data exhibited remarkable reduction in charge transfer resistance of the composite compared with pristine sulfur. This may be due to the high conductivity and large surface area of polypyrrole. This charge transfer enhancement led to the electrochemical performance improvement of the composite cathode, delivering first discharge capacity of 1320mAhg−1.
In order to gather information more efficiently in terms of energy consumption, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are partitioned into clusters. In clustered WSNs, each sensor node sends its collected data to the head of the cluster that it belongs to. The cluster-heads are responsible for aggregating the collected data and forwarding it to the base station through other cluster-heads in the network. This leads to a situation known as the hot spots problem where cluster-heads that are closer to the base station tend to die earlier because of the heavy traffic they relay. In order to solve this problem, unequal clustering algorithms generate clusters of different sizes. In WSNs that are clustered with unequal clustering, the clusters close to the base station have smaller sizes than clusters far from the base station. In this paper, a fuzzy energy-aware unequal clustering algorithm (EAUCF), that addresses the hot spots problem, is introduced. EAUCF aims to decrease the intra-cluster work of the cluster-heads that are either close to the base station or have low remaining battery power. A fuzzy logic approach is adopted in order to handle uncertainties in cluster-head radius estimation. The proposed algorithm is compared with some popular clustering algorithms in the literature, namely Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, Cluster-Head Election Mechanism using Fuzzy Logic and Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering. The experiment results show that EAUCF performs better than the other algorithms in terms of first node dies, half of the nodes alive and energy-efficiency metrics in all scenarios. Therefore, EAUCF is a stable and energy-efficient clustering algorithm to be utilized in any WSN application.
Al-doped Li4Ti5O12 in the form of Li4−x Al x Ti5O12 (x =0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) was synthesized via solid state reaction in an Ar-flowing atmosphere. Al-doping does not change the phase composition and particle morphology, but easily results in the lattice distortion and thus the poor crystallinity of Li4Ti5O12. Al-doping decreases the specific capacity of Li4Ti5O12, while improves remarkably its cycling stability at high charge/discharge rate. The substitution of Al for Li site can enhance the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12 via the generation of mixing Ti4+/Ti3+, whereas impede the Li-ion diffusion in the lattice. Excessive Al causes large electrode polarization due to the lower Li-ion conductivity, and thus leads to low specific capacity at high current densities. Li3.9Al0.1Ti5O12 exhibits a relatively high specific capacity and an excellent cycling stability.
Ammonia borane (AB) is one of the most attractive hydrides owing to its high hydrogen density (19.5wt%). Stored hydrogen can be released by thermolysis or catalyzed hydrolysis, both routes having advantages and issues. The present study has envisaged for the first time the combination of thermolysis and hydrolysis, AB being first thermolyzed and then the solid by-product believed to be polyaminoborane [NH2BH2] n (PAB) being hydrolyzed. Herein we report that: (i) the combination is feasible, (ii) PAB hydrolyzes in the presence of a metal catalyst (Ru) at 40°C, (iii) a total of 3equiv. H2 is released from AB and PAB–H2O, (iv) high hydrogen generation rates can be obtained through hydrolysis, and (v) the by-products stemming from the PAB hydrolysis are ammonium borates. The following reactions may be proposed: AB→PAB+H2 and PAB+ xH2O→2H2 +ammonium borates. All of these aspects as well as the advantages and issues of the combination of AB thermolysis and PAB hydrolysis are discussed.
In order to better understand the thermal abuse behavior of high capacities and large power lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle application, a three-dimensional thermal model has been developed for analyzing the temperature distribution under abuse conditions. The model takes into account the effects of heat generation, internal conduction and convection, and external heat dissipation to predict the temperature distribution in a battery. Three-dimensional model also considers the geometrical features to simulate oven test, which are significant in larger cells for electric vehicle application. The model predictions are compared to oven test results for VLP 50/62/100S-Fe (3.2V/55Ah) LiFePO4/graphite cells and shown to be in great agreement.
To examine the association between dietary habits, cognitive functioning and brain volumes in older individuals, data from 194 cognitively healthy individuals who participated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort were used. At age 70, participants kept diaries of their food intake for 1week. These records were used to calculate a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) score (comprising dietary habits traditionally found in Mediterranean countries, e.g. high intake of fruits and low intake of meat), with higher scores indicating more pronounced MeDi-like dietary habits. Five years later, participants' cognitive capabilities were examined by the seven minute screening (7MS) (a cognitive test battery used by clinicians to screen for dementia), and their brain volumes were measured by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate linear regression analyses were constructed to examine the association between the total MeDi score and cognitive functioning and brain volumes. In addition, possible associations between MeDi's eight dietary features and cognitive functioning and brain volumes were investigated. From the eight dietary features included in the MeDi score, pertaining to a low consumption of meat and meat products was linked to a better performance on the 7MS test (P=0.001) and greater total brain volume (i.e. the sum of white and gray matter, P=0.03) when controlling for potential confounders (e.g. BMI) in the analysis. Integrating all dietary features into the total MeDi score explained less variance in cognitive functioning and brain volumes than its single dietary component meat intake. These observational findings suggest that keeping to a low meat intake could prove to be an impact-driven public health policy to support healthy cognitive aging, when confirmed by longitudinal studies. Further, they suggest that the MeDi score is a construct that may mask possible associations of single MeDi features with brain health domains in elderly populations.