batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Chestnut C, Haaland KY. Functional significance of ipsilesional motor deficits after unilateral stroke. Objective To determine whether ipsilesional motor skills, which have been related to independent functioning, are present chronically after unilateral stroke and are more common in people with apraxia than in those without apraxia. Design Observational cohort comparing the performance of an able-bodied control group, stroke patients with left- or right-hemisphere damage matched for lesion volume, and left-hemisphere stroke patients with and without ideomotor limb apraxia. Setting Primary care Veterans Affairs and private medical center. Participants Volunteer right-handed sample; stroke patients with left- or right-hemisphere damage about 4 years poststroke; a control group of demographically matched, able-bodied adults. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Total time to perform the (1) Williams doors test and the (2) timed manual performance test (TMPT), which includes parts of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. Results Ipsilesional motor deficits were present after left- or right-hemisphere stroke when using both measures, but deficits were consistently more common in patients with limb apraxia only for the TMPT. Conclusions These findings add to a growing literature that suggests that ipsilesional motor deficits may have a functional impact in unilateral stroke patients, especially in patients with ideomotor limb apraxia.
Ti substituted P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 cathode material with the composition of Na2/3Ni1/4TixMn3/4-xO2 has been synthesized by solid state method. The influence of Ti substitution for Mn on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performances of P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of Ti substituted sample show that they exhibit same diffraction patterns as those of pristine P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2. Progressive change in the lattice parameters of Ti substituted samples suggests that Mn was successfully substituted by Ti. In contrast to P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 which shows step-type voltage profiles, Ti substituted samples show sloping voltage profiles. Drastic capacity fade occurred for P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 cathode, while Ti substituted cathodes still show high capacity retention over 92% after 25 cycles at the voltage range of 2.0-4.3V. Even cycled at high upper cut-off voltage of 4.5V, Ti=0.20 sample can deliver a reversible capacity of 140mAhg−1 with the capacity retention over 92% after 25 cycles. Furthermore, Ti substituted cathodes exhibit enhanced rate capability over pristine P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 cathode. Comparison of the Ex-situ XRD results of the cycled P2-Na2/3Ni1/4Mn3/4O2 and its substituted samples provides evidence that the improved electrochemical performance of Ti substituted cathodes would be attributed to the stabilization of the structure with Ti substitution.
Electrochemical intercalation of lithium ions from a saturated LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte solution into LiV3O8 prepared by a solid-state reaction at 680°C was studied with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that there are three steps of intercalation in the presence of an aqueous electrolyte, in agreement with those previously observed with organic liquid electrolytes. In addition, variations of several parameters including the charge transfer resistance (R ct), the capacitance of the double layer (C DL), the Warburg diffusion impedance (Z w), and diffusion coefficient of lithium ions ( D L i + ) during the intercalation process are reported.
Magnéli phase titanium sub-oxides were identified (via X-ray diffraction) in the 1950s as a distinct series of electrically conducting compounds having the general formula Ti n O2n−1 where 3< n <10. Early research on the characterisation of materials based on Ti n O2n−1 has been well documented. This concise review, which is illustrated by data from the literature and our own laboratory, concerns more recent research on Magnéli phase titanium oxide materials. A brief overview of chemical and physical properties is followed by the applications of electrode materials based on these titanium oxides. Energy conversion technologies (particularly batteries and fuel cells) are shown to be a continued area of research that particularly suits the relatively high electrical conductivity and chemical stability inherent in these materials.
Recent years have seen a growth of research on the development of children’s ability to reason about others’ mental states (or “theory of mind”) beyond the narrow confines of the preschool period. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a task battery composed of items from Happé’s Strange Stories task and Devine and Hughes’ Silent Film task. A sample of 460 ethnically and socially diverse children (211 boys) between 7 and 13years of age completed the task battery at two time points separated by 1month. The Strange Stories and Silent Film tasks were strongly correlated even when verbal ability and narrative comprehension were taken into account, and all items loaded onto a single theory-of-mind latent factor. The theory-of-mind latent factor provided reliable estimates of performance across a wide range of theory-of-mind ability and showed no evidence of differential item functioning across gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. The theory-of-mind latent factor also exhibited strong 1-month test–retest reliability, and this stability did not vary as a function of child characteristics. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Strange Stories and Silent Film task battery as a measure of individual differences in theory of mind suitable for use across middle childhood. We consider the methodological and conceptual implications of these findings for research on theory of mind beyond the preschool years.
In this communication, uniform and ultrathin carbon coating on LiFePO4 (LFP) particles are performed using liquid carbon dioxide (l-CO2)-based free-meniscus coating. The uniform and conformal coverage of the carbon layer on LFP with a thickness of 3.3 nm, and a uniform distribution of carbon on the entire surface of the LFP particle are confirmed. The carbon-coated LFP (C-LFP) with a carbon content of 1.9 wt.% obtained using l-CO2-based coating exhibits a discharge capacity of 169 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 71 mAh g−1 at 30 C, while much lower discharge capacity of 146 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 17 mAh g−1 at 30 C is observed when C-LFP with an optimized carbon content of 6.0 wt.% is prepared using conventional aqueous-based coating.
Objective To examine the appropriateness of visual memory tests as an identification method for right mesial temporal lobe dysfunctions in an epilepsy patient group and to study the relationship and possible overlap with non-memory cognitive domains and demographic variables. Methods Eighty preoperative candidates with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were examined using the “Corsi Block-Tapping Test”, “Diagnosticum für Cerebralschädigung” (DCS), the path subtest of the “Verbaler und Visueller Merkfähigkeitstest” (VVM), and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). Factorial analyses were performed on raw scores to determine the effect of epilepsy–related variables, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and presence of cortical dysgenesis, on visual and verbal memory parameters. Sensitivity, specificity and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated based on normative data. Furthermore, Spearman correlations between memory and non-memory cognitive tasks were performed. Results The scores for test sensitivity and specificity and the ROC curves illustrate the tests' poor capacity to lateralize the functional deficit zone even when epilepsy–related factors, such as cortical dysgenesis or presence of contralateral IEDs were controlled. Significant correlations were found between the visual memory measures and nonverbal reasoning, processing speed, attentional flexibility, and visual planning. Conclusion These neuropsychological tests are not sensitive enough to lateralize the epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy patients since in addition to learning and consolidation processes, they measure additional cognitive domains. These results have implications for clinical neuropsychologists, in terms of test choice and the interpretation in the context of presurgical diagnostics.
This paper suggests a new and comprehensive approach to the assessment of the material well-being at the individual level by constructing a multidimensional index. Using this approach, material well-being is understood as a generic notion that covers a number of different domains, whereas the concept of domain is used to distinguish between different aspects of people’s resources, including income security, basic needs, durables, housing and subjective material well-being. Each dimension is measured independently, using the best indicators available, to generate a score or domain index for each aspect of material well-being. The procedure of re-weighting the indicators within the separate domains enables us to account for the disparity in resources and consumer preferences across different population subgroups. The final domain scores, combined with explicit weighting, are then used to generate a summary material well-being index. The domain indices and the summary material well-being index are validated by exploring their relationships to key socio-economic attributes, which were previously shown to be strongly associated with individual material well-being. The results showed that the summary indices of material well-being are characterized by greater differentiation in relation to such measures, as occupational class and judgments of satisfaction with one’s life. This allows us to conclude that our summary indices capture the latent concept of material well-being better than any of our domain indices used separately. Although the index is constructed using the Russian Gender and Generation Survey data for 2007, the methodological approach that we applied can be easily replicated in other surveys which contain information on several aspects of material well-being.
Three-dimensional (3D) porous current collector is effective in enhancing the energy density per surface area of batteries and supercapacitors due to its ability for high mass loading of active materials and efficient electron and ion transport. Herein, we report a facile method to construct a nanoporous Ni architecture on the surfaces of flexible carbon cloth (Ni@CC). By electrodeposition of ultrathin MnOx nanosheets on the 3D Ni@CC nanoporous current collectors, we achieved an areal specific capacitance of 906.6mFcm−2 at 1mAcm−2, which is much higher than 353.2mFcm−2 using bare CC as the current collector. Employing the 3D MnOx@Ni@CC positive electrode and a chemically converted graphene (CCG) negative electrode, we assembled a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (AASC) in a Na2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolyte. The AASC can achieve a superior energy density of 1.16mWhcm−3 at a current density of 1mAcm−2 and excellent cyclability with 81.5% capacity retention after 10,000 charging/discharging cycles. More importantly, the AASC can maintain over 85.7% of its original capacitance even after 200 bending cycles. These results demonstrate the great potential for application of 3D Ni@CC scaffolds in flexible, high performance wearable electronics and energy storage devices.
Various compositions of the xLi2MnO3–yLi[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2–zLiNiO2 electrode system were synthesized using metal oxide precursor by adopting co-precipitation method. XRD revealed that the prepared cathode materials possess α-NaFeO2 structure with R 3 ¯ m space group. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the morphology of all the synthesized samples, wherein spherical agglomerates with size of 5–10μm have been acknowledged. Among the tested samples, Li[Li0.18Ni0.220Co0.120Mn0.480]O2 shows the excellent capacity retention (95.6%) in the voltage range of 2.0–4.6V and the better rate capability than the other samples. But, on the other hand, Li[Li0.20Ni0.133Co0.133Mn0.534]O2 (x =0.6, y =0.4 and z =0.0) shows the highest discharge capacity. However, the capacity retention of the material at 50mAg−1 is lower than that of Li[Li0.18Ni0.220Co0.120Mn0.480]O2. Furthermore, the capacity retention at 1250mAg−1 is only 42.6% of the capacity obtained at 20mAg−1.
Electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is a promising technology for grid energy storage, which combines the fast charging/discharging capability of supercapacitors with the scalable energy capacity of flow batteries. In this study, we report a high-power-density EFC using mesoporous carbon microspheres (MCMs) as suspension electrodes. By using a simple yet effective spray-drying technique, monodispersed MCMs with average particle size of 5 μm, high BET surface area of 1150–1267 m2 g−1, large pore volume of 2–4 cm3 g−1 and controllable mesopore size of 7–30 nm have been successfully prepared. The resultant MCMs suspension electrode shows excellent stability and considerable high capacitance of 100 F g−1 and good cycling ability (86% of initial capacitance after 10000 cycles). Specially, the suspension electrode exhibits excellent rate performance with 75% capacitance retention from 2 to 100 mV s−1, significantly higher than that of microporous carbon electrodes (20∼30%), due to the developed mesoporous channels facilitating for rapid ion diffusion. In addition, the electrochemical responses on both negative and positive suspension electrodes are studied, based on which an optimal capacitance matching between them is suggested for large-scale EFC unit.
The CHARIOT PRO Main study is a prospective, non-interventional study evaluating cognitive trajectories in participants at the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) classified by risk levels for developing mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD).
ωLi/V2O5 spirally wound polymer (POE) batteries functioning at 90°C presented an important capacity fading ca. 20th cycle. This behavior could arise from the cathode material itself, including its in situ formation during the first reduction step from αLi/V2O5, or from a technical problem linked either to the composite cathode or one of the other cell components. In this paper, after rejection of the two first hypothesis, we clearly demonstrate the negative role of the nickel foil used as cathodic collector.
Understanding the demands of the various television formats is essential to effective television production techniques. Equally important is an understanding of the facilities and personnel that assist in productions. No two crew members or facilities are alike. However, all formats, from panel programs to musicals, require crews and facilities. There will have to be a set, or a location, and it will have to be lit. The production will require camera operators, audio technicians, tape operators, etc. Although this chapter focuses on studio production, much of the material is generic to location production as well. Chapter 11 will deal with the specifics of location work. This chapter, along with Chapter 3 outlines what you can expect from the most expensive top-of-the-line production center and crew complement. It would be most unusual to encounter this kind of facility and crew on a first job or at a learning facility. Furthermore, there is no single production that would require everything outlined in these chapters, nor any one facility that would offer all the gear and personnel outlined here, but some part of the material is essential to all productions. Understanding the many options available may suggest creative solutions to particular production problems.
In this paper we examine three types of nonlinearities, i.e., nonlinearity stemming from structural breaks, sign nonlinearity and size nonlinearity, for ten European countries and their importance to current account sustainability. For this purpose, we apply a battery of linear and nonlinear unit root tests. Our results show that the structural break nonlinearity and size nonlinearity are vital to the current account-GDP ratios of European countries in testing for the null hypothesis of a unit root. Nevertheless, the current account-GDP ratios of these countries do not exhibit the sign nonlinearity. That is, by taking account of the nonlinear trend, the threshold autoregressive and momentum threshold autoregressive models do not detect any asymmetry in the response of the current account imbalance to deviations from its long-run nonlinear trend.
We propose a pavement block piezoelectric energy harvester (PBPEH) that can be installed in an actual walkway. We developed an Internet of Things (IoT) system that can power the walkway signal indicator (delineator) and also collect environmental data (such as humidity and temperature) near the walkway utilizing the PBPEH, without a battery. A highly integrated module with 24 piezoelectric devices were fixed inside the PBPEH. Under maximum weight condition, that is, in case of a person weighing 100 kg passing over the module, an output voltage of 38.52 Vmax, current of 3.85 mAmax, and power of 148.3 mWmax (3.7 W/m2) were generated at a load resistance of 10 kΩ. Energy storage test as applied to realistic conditions, that is, when a 60 kg person (average weight condition) passes over the module 10 times it charged a capacitor (1000 μF) to 55.6 mJ. As a result, it successfully turned on a delineator installed on an actual walkway after 4.8 s and powered the IoT sensor system without an external energy source.
It is shown that the properties of carbon anode can be significantly influenced if the carbon particles are pretreated in an appropriate polyelectrolyte solution. Various polyelectrolytes, such as gelatine, different polyanilines and cellulose have been tested. The total content of the polyelectrolyte in the final anode is between 1–2wt.%. No classical binder is needed to prepare mechanically and electrochemically stable anodes. The polylelectrolyte pretreatment decreases the first cycle(s) capacity loss(es), probably due to formation of a more uniform passive film, the growth of which is governed by the presence of polyelectrolyte molecules. It is shown that the efficiency of polyelectrolyte pretreatment depends on the type of polyelectrolyte used, on the concentration, Bloom value, and on pH of the polyelectrolyte solution used in the pretreatment procedure and on the electrolyte used to prepare the electrochemical cell.
Objective Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common in children and ranges in severity from primary snoring (PS), to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study investigated everyday function (behavior, attention, executive skills) in children with varying degrees of SDB and control children with no history of SDB recruited from the community. Methods One hundred thirty-six children aged 7–12 were studied. Routine overnight polysomnography (PSG) classified children into 4 groups: PS (n =59), mild OSAS (n =24), moderate/severe OSAS (n =18), and controls (n =35). Behavioral function and behavioral aspects of attention and executive function were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Results Children with all severities of SDB had significantly higher rates of total, internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems compared to control children. Increased rates of behavioral executive dysfunction were also found across the SDB spectrum. Conclusion Our findings suggest that behavioral, attention, and executive function difficulties are present in children with PS as well as OSAS. These results have implications for the treatment of milder forms of SDB, particularly PS, which is commonly viewed as benign.
Studies of schizophrenia suggest a specific impairment in binding different parts of a memory event into a cohesive whole, a finding that may account for the reported preferential deficits in associative recognition memory relative to item recognition. As a further test of this hypothesis and to exert greater control over task differences, we used a recognition memory interference test in which participants encoded landscape pictures that had each been divided into three segments. During encoding, subjects were presented with one segment from each of the landscapes. Then, an interference generating task followed consisting of the presentation of the second segment from half of the landscapes. Finally, a forced-choice recognition memory test consisted of the presentation of each encoding picture stimulus concurrently with the related third segment that had never been presented before. Thus, for half of the stimuli, additional related information was encoded and this is known to interfere with recognition memory. However, an impaired ability to bind this related information should reduce the interfering effect of associated stimuli. Thirty-five schizophrenia patients and 37 healthy controls were administered this memory interference task. A significant interaction between groups and recognition conditions was found with a significant interference effect observed for controls (performance dropping from 76% to 62%) but not for patients (performance remaining unchanged from 66% to 68%). These results provide further support for faulty associative memory processing in schizophrenia.
The authors examined performance on the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs “numbers” task in adolescents with schizophrenia (n =59) and healthy controls (n =55). Adjusting for an estimate of premorbid intelligence and socioeconomic status, patients performed worse than normal controls on all three d′ conditions (2-digit, 3-digit, 4-digit). However, there was a significant group-by-age-by-condition interaction (F[4,100]=4.69, p <.01) indicating an interaction between development and disease state. At the simplest level of the task (2-digit) the difference between patients with schizophrenia and controls was evident at all ages; while for the more difficult levels of the task (3-digit, 4-digit), differences between groups gradually increased across the tested age span (10 to 20 years of age). Premorbid social isolation was associated with worse attentional performance in patients, suggesting a relationship and continuity with negative symptoms. These data suggest that attentional differences in adolescents with schizophrenia are better captured by different tasks at different ages. The discrepant findings of attentional impairments reported in the literature for adolescents with schizophrenia could reflect the underlying etiological complexity of the disorder that may have a variable impact on involved brain regions and neurocognitive functioning.
New functionalized ILs based on quaternary ammonium cations with two ether groups and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSA−) anion are synthesized and characterized. Physical and electrochemical properties, including melting point, thermal stability, viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical stability are investigated for these ILs. All these ILs are liquids at room temperature except N,N-diethyl-N,N-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (N22(2o2)(2o2)-TFSA, T m = 29.7 °C), and the viscosities of N-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-(2-ethoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (N12(2o1)(2o2)-TFSA) and N-methyl-N-ethyl-N,N-bis(2-ethoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (N12(2o2)(2o2)-TFSA) are 68.0 cP and 63.0 cP at 25 °C, respectively. N-Methyl-N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (DEME–TFSA) and five ILs with lower viscosity are chosen to dissolve 0.6 mol kg−1 of LiTFSA as IL electrolytes without additive for lithium battery. Lithium plating and striping on Ni electrode can be observed in these IL electrolytes, and cycle performances of lithium symmetrical cells are also investigated for these IL electrolytes. Li/LiFePO4 cells using these IL electrolytes without additives have good cycle property at the current rate of 0.1 C, and the N-methyl-N-ethyl-N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium TFSA (N12(2o1)(2o1)-TFSA) and N12(2o2)(2o2)-TFSA electrolytes own better rate property than DEME–TFSA electrolyte.