batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
There are currently 1.7 billion mobile phones in use around the world, while the total world population is 6 billion (Keegan, 2004).! In the past 10 years, the increasing development of mobile phone technology has been unbelievably swift: from from plain and simple cell phones to the current high-tech phones which can serve as a PDA,mini-computer, telephone, or camera, and transfer data as well as video and audio files. There is a constant stream of new technology breaking into the mobile phone market (Attewell, 2005). M-learning is the acquisition of any knowledge or skill through using mobile technology, anywhere, anytime (Geddes, 2004). M-learning happens when people are away from their offices or classrooms. On the way back home from school or office, most people prefer to listen to music, the radio news, or sports programs. When they get home, if they want to learn, mobile devices are not likely to be their main choice. M-learning does not replace traditional learning, but is just another way of learning using a new technology. This paper tries to show the capabilities as well as the limitations of M-(Mobile) Learning which generally fall into: Psychological, Pedagogical, Technical limitations
The state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is of extreme importance for the reliability and safety of battery operation. How to estimate SOC and, to some degree, the SOC convention itself, is still a subject of great interest. Here a viable SOC convention valid for single cells and multi-cell strings is proposed and validated. Using a 3S1P string as an illustration in this work, the direct inference from a correct open circuit voltage versus SOC (OCV= f(SOC)) correspondence based on the proposed SOC convention is the best method for accurate SOC estimation among several possible approaches for strings. The thermodynamic aspect on this SOC convention is explained. Uncertainties in actual applications are also discussed. The understanding on this accurate SOC estimation approach shall facilitate reliable battery control and management.
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with high safety characteristic usually have high viscosity and melting point, which is adverse for the application of RTIL-based electrolytes in Li-ion batteries. In this investigation, a promising RTIL, i.e. PP13TFSI consisting of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium (PP13) cation and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion is synthesized. The effect of the content of Li salt in the electrolytes containing PP13TFSI and LiTFSI on the ionic conductivity and cell performance is investigated. The electrolyte of 0.3molkg−1 LiTFSI/PP13TFSI is recommended for its higher lithium transference number and discharge capacity in the LiCoO2/Li cell than other electrolytes. In addition, it is found that, by introducing 20% diethyl carbonate (DEC) as a co-solvent into pure RTIL electrolyte, the rate capability and low-temperature performance of the LiCoO2/Li cells are improved obviously, without sacrificing its safety characteristics. It suggests that a component with low viscosity and melting point, i.e. DEC, is necessary to effectively overcome the shortcomings of RTIL for the application in Li-ion batteries.
The present study characterizes changes in sustained attention ability over ages 9–14, and whether longitudinal trajectories of attention development differ between persistent ADHD, remitted ADHD and control groups. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) was administered to 120 children with ADHD and 123 controls on three occasions between ages 9 and 14. Trajectories of sustained attention development, indicated by changes in SART performance (standard deviation of response time [SDRT], omission errors, and ex-Gaussian parameters sigma and tau), were examined using generalized additive mixed models. For all measures there was a significant main effect of age; response time variability and number of omission errors improved linearly as children aged. However, children with ADHD had significantly greater SDRT, tau and omission errors than controls across waves. There were no significant group differences in sigma, indicating that the greater overall response time variability (SDRT) observed in ADHD was likely driven by more intermittent long responses (larger tau). Trajectories of sustained attention performance did not differ between children with persistent ADHD or ADHD in remission. Longitudinal trajectories of sustained attention development are comparable between ADHD and controls, however children with ADHD (regardless of remission status) display a performance deficit equivalent to typical controls 1–3 years younger. Findings highlight the need for continued clinical support for children in remission from ADHD and provide support for tau as an endophenotype of ADHD.
The Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), part of the U.S. Department of Energy's FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program, has conducted testing of advanced technology vehicles since August 1995 in support of the AVTA goal to provide benchmark data for technology modeling, and vehicle development programs. The AVTA has tested full size electric vehicles, urban electric vehicles, neighborhood electric vehicles, and hydrogen internal combustion engine powered vehicles. Currently, the AVTA is conducting baseline performance, battery benchmark and fleet tests of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Testing has included all HEVs produced by major automotive manufacturers and spans over 2.5 million test miles. Testing is currently incorporating PHEVs from four different vehicle converters. The results of all testing are posted on the AVTA web page maintained by the Idaho National Laboratory.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most promising energy storage systems with high energy density. However, they suffer from fast capacity fading due to the shuttle of the dissolved polysulfides. Using small sulfur molecules (S2–4) as cathodes can avoid the shuttle problem, but the preparation of ultra-microporous carbon to encapsulate S2–4 is challenging. Here, we report a Li-S battery with an excellent cycling performance by using a unique ultra-microporous carbon (UMC) with a uniform pore size of 0.55nm. The UMC was synthesized from PVDF via a facile pyrolysis process to only accommodate small S2–4 molecules and eliminate large S8 molecules. This S/UMC composite electrode is compatible with the carbonate-based electrolyte used in Li-S batteries. The resulting battery shows a typical discharging profile with only one long potential plateau because the reductions from cyclo-S8 to dissolved polysulfides and consequence shuttle problem are avoided. The S/UMC composite retains a capacity of about 852mAhg−1 and Coulombic efficiency approaching 100% after 150 cycles at 0.1C and delivers a long-term cycling at 1C for 1000 cycles with only around 0.03% capacity loss per cycle. We also tested this S/UMC composite electrode in Na-S systems and observed similar electrochemical behaviour. These results indicate that the S/UMC composite is a promising candidate as an electrode material in Li-S and Na-S batteries and related systems.
The MAC protocol for wireless sensor network plays a very important role in the control of energy consumption. It is a very important issue to effectively utilize power under the condition of limited energy. The most energy-wasting part of the MAC protocol for wireless sensor network is at the idling condition. Therefore it is crucial for power saving to be able to turn off the signal transducer of the wireless network when the equipment is idling. Pattern-MAC (PMAC) allows sensors that did not transfer for a long period of time to quickly enter a dormant state, so that the problem of sensor overhearing can be greatly improved, and the whole network structure can fully respond to the actual transfer rate without too much energy consumption, but this type of design requires precise time synchronization mechanism. Achieving time synchronization is a very energy consuming and very expensive mechanism in the sensor network structure, achieving the goal is coupled with excess energy consumption and reduction of the lifespan of the sensor. Additionally, the exchange action with the neighboring pattern after each cycle, not only generates additional energy consumption for data transfer, but is also accompanied by factors such as competition, collision and pattern exchange failure. We propose an asynchronous MAC protocol (AMAC) in this paper and expect to improve the problem of energy wasting and time synchronization due to sleeping schedule exchange under the PMAC basic protocol.
Community pharmacists’ (CPs’) interventions have a positive impact on managing respiratory patients. However, methods used by CPs to assess patients’ inhaler technique and adherence are subjective. New technologies to objectively assess inhaler technique and adherence were introduced to address such a gap. This study aimed to explore CPs’ perceptions towards the management of respiratory patients regarding inhaler technique and adherence. In addition, it explored the views of CPs and their need of technologies to objectively assess inhaler technique and adherence. CPs were probed with a new technology called Inhaler Compliance Assessment (INCA) device, designed to objectively monitor both inhaler technique and adherence of patients using a dry powder inhaler, as an example.
Solid electrolytes have great potential to address the safety issues of Li-ion batteries, but better synthesis methods are still required for ceramics such as lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) since current techniques require high-temperature calcination for long times. Here we report a new approach that utilizes electrospinning to prepare phase-pure polycrystalline LLTO nanowires with well-crystallized tetragonal structure after only 3 h calcination at 1000 °C. Pellets prepared from the electrospun LLTO nanowires had higher density, less void space, and higher Li+ conductivity compared to those comprised of LLTO prepared with conventional sol–gel methods. This work demonstrates the potential that electrospinning can provide towards improving the properties of sol–gel derived ceramics.
Sample pretreatment is an important part in detection and analysis of samples, especially for those with low initial concentration. Preconcentration technology can improve the accuracy of analytical method and expand its application range. However, conventional sample preconcentration technology is often cumbersome, costly, time-consuming, and relies on expensive equipment. Paper-based microfluidic sample preconcentration technique has many advantages such as easy preparation, low cost and high efficiency, which can simplify operation and reduce detection cost. This paper focuses on the research and application progress of paper-based microfluidic sample preconcentration in recent years, including enrichment principle, selection of paper-based materials, design of device structure, and the application of this technology. Finally, the development trend of this technique was prospected.
Longitudinal study provides a robust method for tracking developmental trajectories. Yet inherent problems of retesting pose challenges in distinguishing biological developmental change from prior testing experience. We examined factors potentially influencing change scores on 16 neuropsychological test composites over 1year in 568 adolescents in the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) project. The twice-minus-once-tested method revealed that performance gain was mainly attributable to testing experience (practice) with little contribution from predicted developmental effects. Group mean practice slopes for 13 composites indicated that 60% to ∼100% variance was attributable to test experience; General Ability accuracy showed the least practice effect (29%). Lower baseline performance, especially in younger participants, was a strong predictor of greater gain. Contributions from age, sex, ethnicity, examination site, socioeconomic status, or family history of alcohol/substance abuse were nil to small, even where statistically significant. Recognizing that a substantial proportion of change in longitudinal testing, even over 1-year, is attributable to testing experience indicates caution against assuming that performance gain observed during periods of maturation necessarily reflects development. Estimates of testing experience, a form of learning, may be a relevant metric for detecting interim influences, such as alcohol use or traumatic episodes, on behavior.
The effect of moisture on the Li ion conduction of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) ceramic and the electrochemical properties of LLZ-based solid state battery was investigated using LiFePO4 (LFP) film as a cathode. LFP film was fabricated by aerosol deposition method. The secondary phase was formed in LLZ ceramic, when the specimen was exposed in humid air. With the formation of the secondary phase, the severe degradation of Li ion conduction was observed at the grain boundary. In addition, the charge and discharge capacities of LLZ-based solid state cell were quite low at room temperature, although, at 140 °C, the cell showed the high capacity. Therefore, the protection of LLZ ceramic from moisture might be required to gain the high capacity of LLZ-based solid state cell at room temperature.
We propose a decision support method in embodiment design, dedicated to embedded autonomous microsystems design. The main objective of our work is to go beyond battery configurations by supporting the design of autonomous microsystems, namely systems able to harvest and use available energy from their environment. The main challenge of our approach consists of supporting the designer’s decisions from qualitative representation to physical models. We have thus developed instruments, both based on flows and effect analysis and behavioral component modeling. The method decreases the number of potential alternatives to obtain the best solution and the associated models. To validate our method, we focus on a marketed wired road sensor.
Abstract This chapter provides a general overview of advanced oxidative and catalytic processes. First, the fundamentals and applications of advanced oxidation technologies (AOPs) are described, proposing a classification and application range of AOPs based on the concentration of total organic carbon content and the flow. Then, a full discussion of characteristics, mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and measures to increase the efficiency of photochemical (UV/H2O2, photo-Fenton, and heterogeneous photocatalysis) and nonphotochemical processes (Fenton, electrochemical AOPs, ozonation, sulfate radial AOPS, and assisted AOPS) is included. Finally, the main costs, energy demand requirements, and environmental impacts of these processes are explained, followed by concluding remarks and future trends for AOPs.
Ovarian tumors preferentially metastasize to the omentum, a peritoneal fat layer. This report proposes that the reasons for this predilection stem from the growth advantage conferred by adipocytes on ovarian cancer cells. Adipocytes seem to promote homing of cancer cells through adipokine secretion, and direct contact of the two cell types promotes metabolic changes that result in lipid transfer from adipocytes to tumor cells. Environmental-driven metabolic adaptations could be exploited to target omental metastasis.
This paper focuses on the combination of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and ultra-capacitor (UC) systems for grid-independent applications. The dynamic behavior of the proposed hybrid system is tested under various wind speed, solar radiation and load demand conditions. The developed model and its control strategy exhibit excellent performance for the simulation of a complete day. In the simulation, the solar radiation and power demand data are based on real world measurements, while the wind speed data are quasi-real because it is simulated based on special wind speed generation algorithms.
Background Studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia suffer from memory impairments. In this study, we combined proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to clarify the neurobiology of memory deficits in schizophrenia. Methods We used single-voxel MRS acquired in the left hippocampus and fMRI during performance of a memory task to obtain measures of neurochemistry and functional response in 28 stable, medicated participants with schizophrenia (SZ) and 28 matched healthy controls (HC). Results The SZ group had significantly decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during encoding and in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) during retrieval. We did not find significant differences in N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) or glutamate+glutamine (Glx/Cr) levels between the groups, but did find a significant positive correlation between NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr in the HC group that was absent in the SZ group. There were no significant correlations between BOLD and MRS measured in the hippocampus. Further analyses revealed a negative correlation between left IFG BOLD and task performance in the SZ group. Finally, in the HC group, the left IFG BOLD was positively correlated with Glx/Cr. Conclusions We replicated findings of reduced BOLD signal in left IFG and of an altered relationship between IFG BOLD response and task performance in the SZ. The absence of correlation between NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr levels in patients might suggest underlying pathologies of the glutamate–glutamine cycle and/or mitochondria.
Charging and discharging lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in a matter of seconds to tens of seconds rather than hours can potentially lead to technological breakthroughs and bring about lifestyle changes. This work aims to enable ultrafast Li-ions charge/discharge ability for LIBs by significantly accelerating the diffusion kinetics of Li+ ions and enhancing the electric conductivity in LiFePO4 cathode material. An innovative method was developed to synthesize LiFePO4/C nanocomposite with secondary particles structure containing uniform (20–50nm) and highly crystalline LiFePO4 single nanoparticles which are free from any anti-site defects (e.g. Fe· Li) and uniformly coated by a highly graphitized carbon-shell network with good electronic conduction. The LiFePO4/C material was formed from a FePO4·xH2O/poly(furfuryl alcohol) nanocomposite, which was prepared through a self-regulated in situ polymerization restriction method, followed by a rapid wet-chemistry lithiation (H+/Li+ ion exchange) and subsequent calcination. Benefiting from the ultra-small size of the LiFePO4 nanoparticles, absence of Fe· Li defects, and a continuous 3D carbon network, the LiFePO4/C nanocomposite demonstrated ultrafast lithium-storage rates when used as a cathode material in lithium half-cells, which required only 21.6s to reach a complete discharge at a rate of 150C while still maintaining a high specific capacity of 95.4 mAh g−1.
Exploration of new materials for lithium ion battery is a continuous challenge to meet the increasing demand for energy storage. Herein, a novel conductive metal-organic framework Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (Cu3(HHTP)2) is obtained and tested as cathode active material in lithium ion battery. With a working voltage range of 1.7–3.5 V, Cu3(HHTP)2 cathode shows a reversible discharge and charge capacity of ∼95 mA h g−1, which is almost equal to its theoretical value. Impressively, this novel cathode also shows highly stable redox cycling performance at the current rate as high as 20C because of its intrinsic electrical conductivity and two dimensional porous structure. Electrochemical properties and chemical analysis of Cu3(HHTP)2 reveal that the valence change of copper cations in the framework is responsible for the lithium ions insertion/desertion during redox cycles. The first principle calculation also supports this mechanism.
In this study, a flexible wireless body area network (WBAN) node platform has been designed and implemented based on the Zigbee technology. In order to provide wide range WBAN for health monitoring, a Zigbee/Internet Gateway (ZiGW) has also been developed rather than using a PDA or a host PC to connect different WBANs by using the Internet as the communication infrastructure. The proposed body sensor node platform promises a cost-effective, flexible platform for developing physical sensor node in real-time health monitoring. The ZiGW can provide an effective method to connect WBAN with the Internet. In this work, we present the implementation of an Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring system using the proposed methods. In this proposed system, real-time EEG signals can be remotely monitored by physicians via Internet, and the collected EEG data is stored in the online EEG database which can be shared with physicians or researchers for further analysis.
Integrated distributed energy resources play a crucial role in modernized power systems. They can decrease emissions, decrease the resistive losses and add to the security and reliability of electric networks. They can be of different nature and may contain fossil-fuelled generating units, wind units, fuel cells, storage devices and solar panels. In this article, first different distributed energy resources are introduced briefly, then, the operation and control strategies of integrated distributed energy resources will be reviewed. The review of existing research works in this field and finding the research gaps can lead to useful directions for future researchers who are interested to work in this field.
Although phosphorus exhibits a high lithium uptake, its poor cycling performance and low coulombic efficiency limit its application for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, ex-situ solid-state 31P and 7Li NMR studies together with XRD measurement are performed to provide a deep insight into the amorphous Li-P alloys and amorphous-to-crystalline transformation process. The amorphous Li3P and overlithiated Li3+xP phases are firstly experimentally detected. The evolution and coexistence of various Li-P alloys intermediates including overlithiated Li3+xP upon lithiation, and the recovery of the Li-P alloys intermediates to the initial phosphorus after delithiation are observed. Our results also disclose for the first time that partial LiP7 phase and Li3PO4 resulting from slight surface oxidation of rP still retain at the end of charge, which are highly relevant to the low coulombic efficiency in the first cycle and the successive decay of the performance. This study provides some insights into the specific multi-phase evolution mechanism of alloying anodes that may be generally involved in conversion-type electrode materials for Li batteries.
Bismuth nanoparticles wrapped by graphene have been synthesized. Refined X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses have revealed the phase, crystal structure, and morphology of the Bi@graphene nanocomposite. When applied as anode in Na-ion batteries, Bi@graphene nanocomposite exhibited a high reversible sodium storage capacity of about 561mAhg−1 within the 2.0–0.01V voltage range and 358mAhg−1 within the 0.9–0.3V voltage range. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction measurements were used to study the reaction mechanism with Na. It was found that bismuth does not follow the alloying mechanism with Na, and surprisingly, an intercalation process has been evidenced. The as-prepared Bi@graphene nanocomposite also demonstrated excellent high rate performance. This superior electrochemical performance could be ascribed to the unique layered crystal structure of Bi, which has large interlayer spacing along the c-axis (d(003)=3.95Å) to accommodate the Na ions. Furthermore, the three-dimensional architecture of the Bi@graphene nanocomposite also contributes to better conductivity and stability of the electrodes. Via density function theory calculations, it was found that the Bi could provide facile sites for Na ion diffusion and accommodation, based on the intercalation mechanism instead of the alloying process.