batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This paper presents a control system, based on artificial intelligence technologies, that implements multiple intelligences. This system aims to support and improve automatic telecontrol of solar power plants, by either automatically triggering actuators or dynamically giving recommendations to human operators. For this purpose, the development of a MultiAgent System is combined with a variety of inference systems, such as Expert Systems, Neural Networks, and Bayesian Networks. This diversity of intelligent technologies is shown to result in an efficient way to mimic the reasoning process in human operators.
The production of lithium-ion battery is around 9100 million sets in 2016 and is believed to further increase consecutively. This fact triggers the generation of spent cathode materials which contain metals of both valuable and hazardous. Their recycling corresponding to life cycle sustainability of lithium-ion battery has attracted significant attention. However, most technologies for recycling waste lithium-ion batteries are dependent on metallurgical based processes where secondary pollution is inevitable. This research demonstrates a process to directly regenerate LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 cathode material by incorporating methods of mechanochemical activation and solid-state sintering, which can restore the layered structure and improve the lithium ion diffusion without introducing extra impurities. By understanding the effects of sintering temperature, the optimal conditions for direct regeneration of cathode materials with obvious improvement on electrochemical performance can be obtained. As a result, this research proves the possibility of direct regeneration of nickel-containing waste cathode materials with minimized chemical consumption.
The principles of organic farming espouse a holistic approach to agriculture that promotes sustainable and harmonious relationships amongst the natural environment, plants, and animals, as well as regard for animals’ physiological and behavioral needs. However, open aquaculture systems—both organic and conventional—present unresolved and significant challenges to the welfare of farmed and wild fish, as well as other wildlife, and to environmental integrity, due to water quality issues, escapes, parasites, predator control, and feed-source sustainability. Without addressing these issues, it is unlikely that open net-pen aquaculture production can be compatible with the principles inherent to organic farming.
This paper presents an asymmetric micro Li-ion capacitor which is the integration of a supercapacitor electrode and a Li-ion battery electrode. It exploits the power of supercapacitor and the capacity of Li-ion battery, together with an extended cell potential. Activated carbon (AC) of the supercapacitor material is used to construct the positive electrode, graphite of the anode material in Li-ion battery is adopted in the negative electrode, and an electrolyte used in Li-ion battery, 1 M LiPF6 in organic solvent serves as the electrolyte in the device. The micro three-dimensional (3D) electrodes with separator are fabricated by using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technology. A pre-lithiation of graphite electrode is then carried out to reduce the electrolyte needed when packaging the prototype and improve its performance. Measurements show that the Li-ion capacitor prototype with 100-μm-thick interdigital electrodes has a capacity of 180 μA h/cm2 and an energy density of about 1750 mJ/cm2 at a charge/discharge current of 0.5 mA/cm2. The energy density is much higher than the symmetric AC supercapacitor at the same size.
Sulfur cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries have been designed to be combined with conductive carbon because the insulating nature of sulfur causes low active material utilization and poor rate capability. This paper is the first to report that carbon can induce a phase transition in a sulfur cathode. The stable form of a sulfur crystal at ambient temperature is orthorhombic sulfur. We found that monoclinic sulfur becomes more stable than orthorhombic sulfur if carbon atoms penetrate into the sulfur at elevated temperatures and the carbon density exceeds a threshold of C0.3S8. The high stability of the carbon-containing monoclinic sulfur persists during lithiation and is attributed to locally formed linear SC3S chains with marked stability. This study provides a novel perspective on the role of carbon in the sulfur cathode and suggests control of the crystal phase of electrodes by composite elements as a new way of designing efficient electrode materials.
Coordination supramolecular networks (CSNs) with high surface areas, tunable pore sizes, open metal sites and flexible network structures can be applied for energy storage material. In this work, a Ni based CSN was synthetized through a facile hydrothermal synthesis by using 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, and firstly applied for energy storage material. The capacity of this Ni based CSN was achieved 149.2Cg−1 at 0.5Ag−1. Based on the flexible features of CSNs, doping extra metal ions into CSNs would enlarge the space distance of the neighboring coordination units, this change will contribute to ions diffusion. Therefore, a new Ni/Zn bi-metallic CSN was synthesized via one-step hydrothermal synthesis, the capacity of the bi-metallic CSN increased up to 210Cg−1 at 0.5Ag−1 with a potential window of 0.4V, the retention still maintained over 90% after 2000 cycles. For practical application, a solid-state symmetric device was assembled, which had the ability to power a fan with 2.5W. This promising electrochemical property may be due to the flexible network structure of CSN and the Ni/Zn bi-metallic cooperative effect.
During the ripening of Emmental cheese, the bacterial ecosystem confers its organoleptic characteristics to the evolving curd both by the action of the living cells, and through the release of numerous proteins, including various types of enzymes into the cheese when the cells lyse. In Emmental cheese these proteins can be released from thermophilic lactic acid bacteria used as starters like Lactobacillus helveticus, Lb delbruecki subsp. lactis and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and ripening bacteria such as Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The aim of this study was to obtain a proteomic view of the different groups of proteins within the cheese using proteomic tools to create a reference map. A methodology was therefore developed to reduce the complexity of cheese matrix prior to 2D-PAGE analysis. The aqueous phase of cheese was prefractionated by size exclusion chromatography, bacterial and milk proteins were separated and subsequently characterised by mass spectrometry, prior to peptide mass fingerprint and sequence homology database search. Five functional groups of proteins were identified involved in: (i) proteolysis, (ii) glycolysis, (iii) stress response, (iv) DNA and RNA repair and (v) oxidoreduction. The results revealed stress responses triggered by thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and Propionibacterium strains at the end of ripening. Information was also obtained regarding the origin and nature of the peptidases released into the cheese, thus providing a greater understanding of casein degradation mechanisms during ripening. Different peptidases arose from St thermophilus and Lb helveticus, suggesting that streptococci are involved in peptide degradation in addition to the proteolytic activity of lactobacilli.
Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) materials are made of a three−dimensional framework of TiO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra, which provides several positions for Li+ ions. The resulting high ionic conductivity is promising to yield electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. In order to elaborate dense ceramics, conventional sintering methods often use high temperature (≥1000 °C) with long dwelling times (several hours) to achieve high relative density (∼90%). In this work, an innovative synthesis and processing approach is proposed. A fast and easy processing technique called microwave-assisted reactive sintering is used to both synthesize and sinter LATP ceramics with suitable properties in one single step. Pure and crystalline LATP ceramics can be achieved in only 10 min at 890 °C starting from amorphous, compacted LATP's precursors powders. Despite a relative density of 88%, the ionic conductivity measured at ambient temperature (3.15 × 10−4 S cm−1) is among the best reported so far. The study of the activation energy for Li+ conduction confirms the high quality of the ceramic (purity and crystallinity) achieved by using this new approach, thus emphasizing its interest for making ion-conducting ceramics in a simple and fast way.
It is very important to estimate the state of charge accurately and to achieve the on-line updating of the battery parameter for the battery management system of electric vehicles. This research aims to develop a novel parameter adaptive method with dead zone for estimation of state of charge and other parameters of lithium-batteries. The dead zone refers to the definition of an interval based on the error of the battery model terminal voltage and the measured terminal voltage. When the error is no longer in the interval, the battery parameters are not estimated. Otherwise, the battery parameters are estimated. This research can be summarized as follows. First, the proposed method is applied to estimate all battery parameters including battery capacity, battery impedance and open circuit voltage. Second, the use of dead zone solves the problem of poor robustness of parameter adaptive algorithm when the initial state error is large, and the problem of instability. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve estimation accuracy with an error of 1%. Moreover, compared with the method used the same sampling time for estimating battery state and parameters, the dead zone method reduces the computation.
The principles governing the selection of an appropriate type of electrochemical flow reactor for use at laboratory or pilot scale are reviewed. Good practice in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering must be incorporated, together with practical aspects, such as the form of reactants and products, the required performance, ease of assembly, the maintenance schedule and scale-up plans. Diverse electrode forms and reactor designs are illustrated by examples from the authors' laboratories. The versatile parallel plate geometry, often in modular, filter-press format, occupies a prominent position, both in the laboratory and in industry. The simple parallel plate geometry is readily enhanced by inclusion of porous, 3-dimensional electrodes, structured electrode surfaces and bipolar electrical connections, with necessary consideration of the reaction environment, especially potential- and current-distributions, uniformity of flow and mass transport rates, electrode activity, side reactions and current leakage. More specialised electrode geometries, such as concentric reactors, rotating cylinder electrodes, porous electrodes, packed beds, fluidised beds and bipolar trickle towers, are sometimes chosen. Applications span materials recycling, environmental treatment and electrosynthesis. A decision tree to aid the choice of reactor design features is provided. Recent trends, such as fast prototyping of reactors via 3-D printing of flow channels, miniaturisation and use of multi-physics modelling, are highlighted. Future research and development needs are suggested.
The novel quinary fatty acid eutectic (CA-LA-MA-PA-SA) of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid was successfully prepared with the mass ratio of 61.09/24.61/8.13/4.01/2.16. Thereafter, the innovative Ag-coated polyurethane (PU) fibers membranes with different concentrations of Ag, which were selected as a supporting material to adsorb the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectics, were successfully fabricated through electrospinning followed by magnetron sputter. The energy dispersive X-ray confirmed that Ag nanoclusters were successfully deposited on the surface of PU fibers as a result of sputter coating. The observations of atomic force microscope indicated that the surface roughness of the PU fibers significantly increased with increase in coating time. The scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectics were uniformly distributed into the three-dimensional porous structures of uncoated and Ag-coated PU fibers membranes. Furthermore, the differential scanning calorimeter curves suggested that the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PU/Ag composites phase change materials (PCMs) possessed melting enthalpies about 110 kJ/kg and melting temperature around 17 °C. The absorption ratios of the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA eutectic in composite PCMs was approximately at 73.74%–83.18%. The investigation on thermal performance indicated that we achieved higher melting and freezing rates of the CA-LA-MA-PA-SA/PU/Ag composites PCMs by increasing coating time. In addition to this, after depositing Ag nanoparticles the melting and freezing times of composites PCMs were shortened to about 21%–65%.
This paper presents a collection of “best practices” for the use of “Sociometric Badges” that support automatic collection of face-to-face interaction between workers within an organization. The practices presented aim to improve data quality over legacy methods allowing insights into the processes and structures of an enterprise's de-facto communication networks. Our approach uses dynamic Social Network Analysis (dSNA) to make it easier for executives to analyze and manage communications networks. The practical applicability of the approach was evaluated by case studies conducted in three different organizations: (1) the marketing department of a medium sized bank in Germany, (2) the post-anesthesia care unit at a large US hospital, (3) teams of software developers in a Nordic European country. For the analysis, we tracked, amongst others, all personal interactions between the knowledge workers in a department or team using sociometric badges worn by each employee for the duration of the case studies. We analyzed this sociometric data as well as emails and instant messages exchanged between the employees and compared it with performance data of individuals and teams. The paper highlights 16 key lessons learnt during these studies. The first nine lessons focus on overcoming the employee's privacy concerns to set up the necessary technology infrastructure, and the final seven provide general findings for efficient management of knowledge workers based upon the results of the case studies.
A novel electrode design was developed and used to construct cells for high-rate pulsing applications. In this electrode design, a cathode material with high energy density, such as carbon monofluoride (CF x ), is sandwiched between two layers of current collectors that in turn are sandwiched between two layers of cathode materials with high power capability, such as silver vanadium oxide (SVO). Lithium cells constructed with such cathodes exhibited power capability similar to SVO cells, but with higher volumetric and gravimetric capacity. The advantages of both SVO and CF x materials were efficiently utilized.
This article describes the case of a patient who, following herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), retained the ability to access rich conceptual semantic information for familiar people whom he was no longer able to name. Moreover, this patient presented the very rare combination of name production and name comprehension deficits for different categories of proper names (persons and acronyms). Indeed, besides his difficulty to retrieve proper names, SL presented a severe deficit in understanding and identifying them. However, he was still able to recognize proper names on familiarity decision, demonstrating that name forms themselves were intact. We interpret SL's deficit as a rare form of two-way lexico-semantic disconnection, in which intact lexical knowledge is disconnected from semantic knowledge and face units. We suggest that this disconnection reflects the role of the left anterior temporal lobe in binding together different types of knowledge and supports the classical convergence-zones framework (e.g., Damasio, 1989) rather than the amodal semantic hub theory (e.g., Patterson, Nestor, & Rogers, 2007).
Researchers at the University of Bath aim to develop a concrete mix that contains bacteria within microcapsules, which will germinate when water enters a crack in the concrete to produce limestone (calcite), plugging the crack before water and oxygen have a chance to corrode the steel reinforcement. Richard Cooper, from the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, said, “Cement is highly alkaline, making it a hostile environment for bacteria. We’ll be assessing different species of bacteria to find one that is able to form abundant spores and which will survive and germinate in this environment. The work will involve finding alkaline-tolerant isolates and testing their biology and physiology.” Kevin Paine, from the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, added, “Concrete densifies as it hardens, so the pore size decreases to a level where bacteria may be crushed. We’re looking at enclosing the bacteria in microcapsules, along with nutrients and calcium lactate which the bacteria will convert when water becomes present and use to fill cracks in the concrete.”
The article describes the electrochemical fabrication of modified lead dioxide (PbO2) electrodes through a simple but efficient electrodeposition method. One of the goals was to assess the properties of the modified PbO2 as an electroanalytical electrode. A second objective was its use in bulk electrolysis against persistent organic pollutants in water. PbO2 was deposited galvanostatically at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 over the as-obtained and anodized Pd/Ag alloy substrate at 10 V. The electroanalytical studies of the modified PbO2 showed satisfactory electrochemical activity for ferrocene compared to that on commercial glassy carbon. The modified PbO2 electrode having an area of 4 cm2 was employed to eradicate phenol and 2-nitrophenol from water samples. 2-Nitrophenol was completely removed (99 %) and phenol (>50 %) was partially removed by bulk electrolysis at the optimized current density of 20 mA cm−2 for 3 h. Incomplete degradation in the latter case was due to the adsorption of electrochemically generated intermediates. The degradation monitoring was performed by cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and HPLC methods and the results were in good agreement with each other. The assays and morphological studies by SEM revealed the role of Nafion in the modified PbO2 electrode for efficient degradation of phenols through the bulk electrolysis.
Neurocognitive and quality-of-life endpoints must be incorporated into future studies of patients with cerebral metastases
Cerebral metastases remain a common complication among patients with systemic cancer, the incidence proportion being 9.6% in a recent review of the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. The tumor types most likely to metastasize to the brain are lung (19.9% of all lung cancers), melanoma (6.9%), renal (6.5%), breast (5.1%), and colorectal (1.9%).1 Most cerebral metastases originate from lung, breast and melanoma. As therapies for systemic cancer improve and patients survive longer, the risk of cerebral metastases might increase. For example, a higher incidence of cerebral metastases has been reported among HER2-positive breast cancer patients who respond to trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 antibody with poor CNS penetration. Median overall survival for cerebral metastases remains less than 1 year, with most patients succumbing to systemic rather than CNS disease. Recent developments have challenged and extended the traditional treatment of choice, namely whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). In particular, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a possible alternative to WBRT and surgery.
Intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium into graphene layers is a well-established phenomenon in Li-ion battery technology. Here we show how this phenomenon can be exploited to destabilize, and alter the hydrogen sorption behaviour of Li-based metal hydrides (LiBH4 and LiAlH4), thereby achieving lower hydrogen release temperatures, high hydrogen sorption capacities and enhanced kinetics. Close contact between the hydride and carbon surface facilitates reversible intercalation of Li into graphene layers at moderate temperatures when nanoconfined in turbostratic carbon nanoscaffolds. This leads to the formation of intercalated Li (LiCx, instead of LiH) during decomposition, resulting in the release of the full hydrogen content at moderate temperatures. For example, LiBH4 nanoconfined in this graphitic carbon material decomposes into LiCx+B and 18.5wt% H2 (instead of 13.8wt% H2 for macrocrystalline LiBH4) at temperatures as low as 375°C under Ar flow. Thermodynamic effects were also observed; the decomposition temperature at 1bar H2 atmosphere is lowered by ~150°C compared to the macrocrystalline LiBH4. These finding presents an interesting fundamental insight into interactions between nanoconfined metal hydrides and scaffold materials, and how such interactions can be exploited to generally improve the hydrogen sorption properties of metal hydrides.
We report in this study on the simultaneous conductance and cyclic voltammetry measurements during the potentiodynamic electropolymerization of PPy films, incorporating in the polymeric matrix, first, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), second, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and finally both compounds simultaneously are herein presented. Four different MWCNTs were studied (diameter 30±15nm and 15±5nm, both with lengths of 1–5μm and 5–20μm). The results indicate that the conductance and compatibility of PPy/MWCNT composites is ruled by the quantity of exposed anionic groups on the MWCNT surface. Those with the widest diameter have the best performances and also have the largest quantity of anionic groups (carboxylic acids). After incorporation of CoPc, the composite material showed enhanced electrical properties that could be useful in the future as a sensor material in the detection of redox species.
Objective To test the hypothesis that restoring blood flow to specific right cortical regions in acute stroke results in improvement in distinct forms of hemispatial neglect distinguished by reference frame: viewer-centered versus stimulus-centered neglect. Methods Twenty five patients with acute right stroke were evaluated at Day 1 and Day 3–5 with a battery of neglect tests and Diffusion- and Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed Brodmann areas (BAs) where reperfusion predicted degree of improvement in scores on each type of neglect, independently of reperfusion of other areas, total change in the volume of infarct or hypoperfusion, and age. Results Reperfusion of dorsal frontoparietal cortex (including BAs 40, 46, and 4) independently predicted improvement in viewer-centered neglect, such as detecting stimuli on left in line cancellation and scene copying (r =.951; p <.0001). Reperfusion of a more ventral temporo-occipital cortex, including right BAs 37, 38, 21 and 18, independently contributed to improvement in stimulus-centered neglect, such as detecting left gaps in circles (r =.926; p <.0001). Reperfusion of right midfusiform gyrus (temporal occipital cortex), change in total volume of ischemia, change in volume of hypoperfusion and age predicted degree of improvement in reading (reduction in “neglect dyslexic” errors; r =.915; p <.0001). Results demonstrate that reperfusing specific cortical regions yields improvement in different types of neglect.