batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the information that is considered as a design material. Information processing no longer needs to be the purpose of an object, but one of many qualities that enables it to be useful and desirable in ways that are more directly related to people’s wants and needs. In other words, information processing no longer defines the identity of an object, but is one of many materials from which objects can be made. Much like a traditional design process can weigh the advantages of using an expensive and difficult material with one that is cheap and easy, looking at information processing this way may tell people when not to use it. Sometimes a smart component can perform better than a standard one, and vice versa. Treating information as a material requires approaching the user experience design of a device as a single thing, rather than one made of disjointed pieces.
Electrosynthesized poly(1,6-hexanedithiol) (PHDT) was proposed as a new immobilization matrix for Au-nanoparticles-enhanced piezoelectric immunosensing, with human immunoglobulin G (hIgG)/anti-hIgG as an example. In ethanol containing 0.10M LiClO4, the electropolymerization of 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) occurred through the oxidation of the –SH groups of HDT and then –S–S– linking at potentials positive of ∼0.7V vs. SCE, as characterized by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). PHDT was prepared potentiostatically at 1.25V vs. SCE, and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were then immobilized on the prepared PHDT films by dip-dry coating. The immobilization amount of AuNPs was investigated vs. the volume of dipped AuNPs solution, and a theoretical discussion is given on the coverage of AuNPs on the PHDT film. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the adsorption amount of anti-hIgG was the greatest on the AuNPs/PHDT/Au electrode, as compared with those at the bare Au and PHDT/Au electrodes. The molar combination ratio of anti-hIgG to hIgG was estimated to be 1:0.493 on the AuNPs/PHDT/Au electrode in a subsequent immunoreaction. Compared with the common immobilization protocol with HDT, namely, AuNPs immobilized directly on an HDT self-assembly (HDT-SA) at an Au electrode (AuNPs/HDT-SA/Au), the AuNPs/PHDT/Au electrode shows better stability and can be constructed more time-effectively, though the adsorption amount of anti-hIgG was comparable with each other. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized for characterizations of and comparison among various surfaces. The electrosynthesized PHDT presented here as a new bio-immobilization matrix is highly recommended for wider applications in biosensing.
The present study aims to examine physical fitness among children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) with varying degrees of severity (moderate and severe – mDCD, sDCD), and a group of children without DCD (wDCD), in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Initially, 180 children aged 6–10 years old participated in this study. After being diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR, 63 children were then divided into three groups (21 in each group). Health-related physical fitness was measured by means of the Fitnessgram, which included several core components, namely, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory resistance. The results showed no statistically significant differences between both groups in any of the assessed components. However, when analyzing the results of each component according to the criteria of the Fitnessgram, we observed that, regardless of the classification group, less than half of the children achieved scores that, according to the motor tests, would classify them as having a healthy fitness. Children with sDCD, mDCD and wDCD presented similar levels of health-related physical fitness, with an unsatisfactory performance for the component strength and muscular endurance. We therefore emphasize the importance of further research in this area, more particularly when it comes to following the development of motor skills and physical fitness in children with DCD, as well as the observation of the interactions between these variables over time.
This paper proposes the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for the state of health (SOH) diagnosis of a battery energy storage system (BESS) that is operating in a renewable energy laboratory located in Chocó, Colombia. The presented methodology allows the detection of false alarms during the operation of the BESS. The principal component analysis model is applied to a parameter set associated to the capacity, internal resistance and open circuit voltage of a battery energy storage system. The parameters are identified from experimental data collected daily. The PCA model retains the first 5 components that collect 80.25% of the total variability. During the test under real operation contidions, PCA diagnosed a degradation of state of health fastest than the comercial battery controller. A change in the charging modes lead to a battery recovery that was also monitored by the proposed algortihm, and control actions are proposed that lead the BESS to work in normal conditions.
The design of potential and new electrochemically stable electrolytes for Li-ion batteries is an important task in the field of energy. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) characterized by a wide electrochemical window (EW) are the commonly used electrolytes for Li battery applications. In this work, a novel quantum computational method is proposed to estimate the electrochemical stability of RTILs that accurately predicts the trends in EWs of ammonium based ILs and is computationally faster than the state-of-the-art methods. Subsequently, the EW of ILs with phosphonium and sulfonium cations are computed and compared against the well-established ammonium congeners. Based on the criterion of electrochemical stability defined with respect to Li, the increasing order of stability is found to be: sulfonium < ammonium < phosphonium based ILs. The effect of various substituents like butyl, phenyl and benzyl on the phosphonium and sulfonium based ILs is examined and a greater stability for the phenyl over other substituents is observed. The key factor influencing the reduction potential of the cations is inferred as the thermodynamic stability of the radical formed during decomposition. Based on the results, design guidelines to identify stable IL systems as electrolytes in high voltage Li-ion battery applications are provided.
Stabilized lithium nickelate is receiving increased attention as a low-cost alternative to the LiCoO2 cathode now used in lithium batteries. Layered LiNi1−x M x O2 samples (M= Cu2+, Al3+ and Ti4+, where 0.025≤x≤0.2) were prepared by solid state reaction at 750°C under an oxygen stream and subjected to powder X-ray diffraction analysis and coin-cell tests. The Cu2+-substituted samples showed poor structural stability and electrochemical performance, while the Al3+- and Ti4+-substituted samples formed highly ordered and phase-pure layered compounds. Of the three compounds tested, the LiNi1−x Ti x O2 electrodes exhibited the highest capacity and best electrochemical reversibility. Indeed, the LiNi0.975Ti0.025O2 electrode achieved the highest reversible capacity and energy density (900Wh/kg) of all known layered LiNiO2 or LiCoO2 electrodes. Indications are that the structural integrity of the LiNi1−x Ti x O2 materials was preserved because the Ti4+ ions prevented impurity Ni2+ migration into the lithium sites. The substitution of tetravalent titanium into lithium nickelate has proved to yield promising cathode materials and further studies are needed to optimize electrode composition and processing conditions.
Transition of Iran's power system from 2015 to 2050 through three scenarios was modelled. Two scenarios present a transition pathway towards a fully renewable run power system with different involved sectors (power only, power sector coupled with desalination and non-energetic gas sectors). The third scenario is based on the country's current policies. The energy model performs an hourly resolution to guarantee meeting energy demand for every hour of the whole year. It is found that renewable energy resources in Iran can satisfy 625 TWh of power sector demand in 2050. Further, it is technically and economically feasible that electricity demand for supplying 101 million m3 desalinated water and 249 TWhLHV synthetic natural gas for non-energetic industrial gas demand can be supplied via renewable resources. A 100% renewable power system with 54 €/MWhel levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is more cost-effective than the current power system in Iran with 88.3 €/MWhel LCOE in 2015. LCOE of the system can decrease further and reach to 41.3 €/MWhel in 2050 via sector coupling. On the other hand, the current policies of the country lead to an inefficient power system with a LCOE of 128 €/MWhel and 188 Mt/a emitted CO2 in 2050.
Considering the large number of children worldwide attending all-day schools, information on the effects of lunch on short-term cognitive performance is of public health relevance. However, only adult studies investigated this issue yet. Therefore, this study examined the impact of skipping lunch vs having lunch on children’s cognitive functioning in the early afternoon.
PVDF mesoporous nanostructured film has been used as the piezo-separator for a piezo-driven self-charging power cell (SCPC). The SCPC can be efficiently and stably charged up by mechanical deformation. The geometrical strain confinement effect and the mesoporous structure result in high energy conversion/storage efficiency and high stability.
LiFePO4, doped LiM x Fe1−x PO4, and Li1−x M x FePO4 compounds have been prepared via a sol–gel synthesis method. The physical properties of the as-prepared lithium iron phosphates were characterised by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and magnetic susceptibility. The electrochemical properties lithium iron phosphates were tested by a variety of electrochemical techniques. Lithium iron phosphate electrodes demonstrated a stable discharge capacity of 160–165mAhg−1, almost approaching the theoretical capacity. The good electronic conductivity and nanocrystalline could contribute to the unique performance of lithium iron phosphate electrodes. Lithium iron phosphates have a significant potential to be used as a new cathode materials in Li-ion batteries.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) despite reductions in viral load (VL) and overall disease severity. The mechanisms underlying HAND in the ART era are not well understood but are likely multifactorial, involving alterations in common pathways such as inflammation, autophagy, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial function. Newly developed omics approaches hold potential to identify mechanisms driving neuropathogenesis of HIV in the ART era.
The article defines a comprehensive concept of cognitive objectivity (CCCO) applied to embodied subjects in health care. The aims of this study were: (1) to specify some necessary conditions for the definition of a CCCO that will allow objective descriptions and assessments in health care, (2) to formulate criteria for application of such a CCCO, and (3) to investigate the usefulness of the criteria in work disability assessments in medical certificates from health care provided for social security purposes.
Heterostructures of silicon and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been widely studied as Li-ion battery anodes. The focus of the current study is to investigate the role of silicon configurations on the mechanical integrity of the Si–CNT heterostructured anodes during electrochemical cycling. We hypothesize that void nucleation and growth in silicon during electrochemical cycling of Li can induce fracture and eventual failure. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a custom developed multiphysics finite element modeling framework considering the lithium diffusion induced elasto-plastic deformation of silicon. We systematically varied the silicon component configuration and enumerated the stress field within it for one complete electrochemical cycle. Resulting evolution of stress state reveals that reducing the mechanical constraints on Si reduces the plastic flow of the material, and thus possibility of void nucleation and growth. We find that the Si droplet configuration is mechanically stable while the continuous Si coating configuration is prone to void growth induced mechanical failure. Present analysis provides a mechanistic understanding of the effect of Si configurations in heterostructured electrodes on its mechanical integrity, which can help in design of next-generation hetersostructured electrodes with improved capacity retention.
With the wide application of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), safety performance is an important constraint on the commercialization of large-scale, high-capacity LIBs. The main reason for the safety problem is that the electrolyte of LiBs is highly flammable, especially under high temperature and high voltage. It is an effective method to improve the safety of cells by mixing flame retardant with conventional electrolyte comprising of LiPF6 and carbonates. Herein, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) is studied as a high efficiency flame retardant. Adding 5 vol% of PFPN results in a non-flammable electrolyte with self-extinguishing time (SET) of 12.38 s g−1 and critical oxygen index (COI) of 22.9, without compromising the capacity of cathode material. The initial discharge capacity of the LiCoO2 electrode with 5% PFPN is 150.7 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention of 99.14% after 30 cycles at 0.1 C. The results show that 5 vol% is the best adding amount of PFPN for electrolyte, which can modify the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Moreover, PFPN reduces charge transfer resistance of the cells, resulting decreased electrode polarization and enhanced electrochemistry performances at low temperature. These results have confirmed that PFPN has the potential to be a multi-function additive for commercial LIBs production.
Graphene is a representative two-dimensional (2D) material and has been receiving considerable interest from both academia and industry. In this review, we recollect the latest development in the synthesis, structural analysis, characteristics, and possible applications of graphene materials. The discussion helps researchers to better understand the properties of graphene and design novel graphene-based applications.
Redox-active organic electrode materials show great promise as an addition to inorganic electrode materials for grid-scale energy storage due to their ability to store various cations, moderate operating potentials, and relatively high theoretical specific capacities. However, most organic compounds when reduced suffer from dissolution in organic liquid electrolytes, resulting in poor cycling stability. Herein, we show for the first time an all-solid-state battery based on an oxide-based solid electrolyte, beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE), that not only enables stable cycling of an organic quinone-based compound (pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, PTO) with high specific energy (~900 Wh kg−1) at the material level but also demonstrates the best cycling stability (1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2) with a sodium metal anode among any reported all-solid-state sodium metal batteries (ASSMBs). Anode-electrolyte interfacial resistance was successfully reduced by introducing a Sn thin film between the Na anode and BASE. The cathode-electrolyte interfacial barrier was overcome with a mechanically compliant PTO-poly(ethylene oxide)-carbon composite cathode that forms interpenetrating ionic and electronic pathways which favor full utilization of PTO. This proof-of-concept demonstration combining organic electrode materials with an oxide-based solid electrolyte and the interface modification strategies pave the way for ASSMBs with higher capacity and cycling stability.
An end-of-life vehicle (ELV) is dismantled to recover and recycle any re-usable parts, then shipped to the shredding facility for further recovery of iron with any remaining Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) to be considered as wastes and to be disposed of by either thermal treatment or landfill. Overall ELVs management status in Korea, including recycling resulting from the dismantling processes, was surveyed using some questionnaires given to dismantlers and other available information to provide some feasible means for future treatment. The averaged recycle rate in the dismantling stage showed a value of 44% and the rest of an ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content which averaged 38.7% of the mass of a new vehicle. The non-ferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The Shredder dusts (SDs) were found to be composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the mass of a new vehicle. Dumping of fluff and inorganic residues into a landfill site, however, will be restricted when new regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car as done in European countries and Japan. The detailed characteristics of SDs were investigated to provide an idea of how to treat them in order to meet a future expected enforcement.
Li4Ti5O12/carbon composites have shown promising high rate capability as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. In this paper, unique effects of graphene in Li4Ti5O12/carbon composites on electrochemical performances are focused by means of comparing Li4Ti5O12/graphene with Li4Ti5O12/conductive carbon black (CCB) and Li4Ti5O12. The investigated anode materials are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The amount of graphene or CCB in the Li4Ti5O12/carbon composites is about 3wt% measured by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that Li4Ti5O12/graphene consists of small sized Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystals supported on graphene nanosheets, while Li4Ti5O12/CCB comprises Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystal aggregates coated nearly by graphited carbon. The electrochemical performances of these samples as anode materials for lithium ion batteries are investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge method. Li4Ti5O12/graphene provides a superior rate capability. At the high current density of 1600mAg−1, the reversible capacity after 200 cycles is still more than 120mAhg−1, which is about 40% higher than that of Li4Ti5O12/CCB. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrates that stronger pseudocapacitive effect occurs on Li4Ti5O12/graphene than on Li4Ti5O12/CCB. This derived from the structure features that graphene-supported small Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystals provide more surface active sites for the lithium ion insertion/extraction. The strong pseudocapacitive effect is responsible for the improvements of capacity and high-rate capability. Further, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show that Li4Ti5O12/graphene electrode have lower charge transfer resistance and smaller diffusion impedance, indicating the obvious advantages in electrode kinetics over Li4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12/CCB. The results clarify the positive effects of graphene in Li4Ti5O12/carbon composites as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Free-standing PbO2 nanowires were prepared by an electrodeposition process onto the titanium foil. The morphology of nanowires was investigated by SEM analyses. The contact angle of the nanowires was compared with that of planar film, which indicated higher hydrophilicity and surface energy of nanowires. Cyclic voltammetric and real-time Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTEIS) experiments were employed to study the anodic reaction on the surface. The cyclic voltammetric data showed the overpotential of nanowire array electrode decreased by more than 100mV compared to that of the planar film electrode at an anodic current density of 400A/m2. A large body of impedance data acquired from the two electrodes as a function of scanned potential by running combined staircase cyclic voltammetry and FTEIS experiments led to systematic comparative analysis on the electrode/electrolyte interface. The changes in solution resistances, film resistances and capacitances, double layer capacitances, and polarization resistances observed during oxygen evolution process were compared and explained by corresponding electrochemical reactions. The nanowires of PbO2 showed a large active surface area led to higher capacitance than that of the planar electrode.
A simple one-step route using gas template method is applied to synthesize macroporous LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 which is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Telle (BET) surface area, charge–discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The as-synthesized material shows pure crystalline phase of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, while the microstructure is comprised of macrospores ranging from 0.2 to 0.5μm. The first discharge capacity is of 174mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate, which is much higher than that of the material synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method. Furthermore, the macroporous LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 material shows remarkable rate capacity and cycle stability, which may be attributed to the shorter lithium ion diffusion distance and better electrolyte penetration.
MnO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite electrodes have been built on the interdigital stack layers of Fe–Al/SiO2 and Fe–Al/Au/Ti/SiO2 for the electrochemical micro-capacitors, using photolithography and thin-film technologies. The electrode properties and the performance of micro-cells are measured and analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV), impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge test in 0.1M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The vertically aligned CNT, grown on Fe–Al/SiO2, is more suitable for supporting the pseudocapacitive MnO2 than the random CNT on Fe–Al/Au/Ti/SiO2, but ohmic resistance of the former electrode is higher. We have prepared three cells on each stack layer with different electrode materials. The Ragone plot shows systematic variations in power and energy performance, reflecting their differences in electrode structure and polarization loss. The asymmetric cell of a pseudocapacitive positive electrode, loaded with MnO2 and CNT, exhibits a small IR drop and a high specific energy during discharge. Built on Fe–Al/SiO2, this asymmetric cell discharges at specific power 0.96kWkg−1 with specific energy 10.3Whkg−1; while on Fe–Al/Au/Ti/SiO2, the asymmetric cell discharges at power 1.16kWkg−1 with energy 5.71Whkg−1.