batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The HiMotion research project was designed to create a multimodal database and several support tools for the study of human behavior, cognition and emotion, in the context of computer-based tasks designed to elicit cognitive load and specialized affective responses. The database includes both human-computer interaction (HCI) and psychophysiological data, collected through an experimental setup that we devised for synchronized recording of keyboard, mouse, and central/ peripheral nervous system measurements. Currently we provide a battery of five different cognitive tasks, and a video bank for affective elicitation, together with a set of introductory and self-reporting screens. We have conducted two experiments, one involving a population of 27 subjects, which followed the cognitive tasks protocol, and another involving a population of 20 subjects, which followed the video bank visualization protocol. We provide an overview of several studies that have used the HiMotion database to test multiple hypothesis in the behavioral and affective domains, highlighting the usefulness of our contribution.
Nowadays, lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted numerous attention due to their high specific capacity, high energy density, low cost and environmental benignancy. However, there are some critical challenges to be overcome such as low electronic conductivity and capacity fading caused by shuttle effect. Many attempts have been conducted to improve the electrochemical performance by designing effective sulfur hosts. In this paper, we synthesize a concrete-like sulfur/carbon cathode with high sulfur content (84%) by using 3D macroporous hosts with high pore volume. Sophisticated strategies of using polarized carbon framework and polymer coating are applied to synergistically control the dissolution of polysulfides so that the capacity retention and high rate performance can be remarkably enhanced. As a result, the composite exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 820 mAh g−1 at a discharge current of 800 mA g−1 (approximate to 0.5 C) after 100 cycles, calculated on the integrated mass of composite, which is superior to most report results.
Ultracapacitors of asymmetric configuration have been prepared with activated carbon (AC) and undoped or Mo-doped manganese oxide (MnO2) in 1.0M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Phase analysis shows the AC powder, 1–15μm in size, contains both disordered and graphitic structures, and the undoped and Mo-doped oxide powder, 0.05–0.20μm in particle size, mainly involves amorphous MnO2 and MoO2. CV results indicate the single electrode of AC plus 10wt% Mo-doped MnO2 (A9OM1) is superior to the electrode with undoped MnO2 or high content of doped MnO2, exhibiting features of double layer capacitance at high scan rate and pseudocapacitance characteristics at low scan rate. When assembled with a negative electrode of AC, the capacitor of positive A9OM1 electrode demonstrates the least power loss among three asymmetric capacitors. This asymmetric capacitor also shows a higher capacitance than the symmetric AC capacitor when the current density is less than 8.0Ag−1 in 1.8V potential window. But a higher electrode resistance of A9OM1, in contrast with AC, compromises its capacitance plus. When the energy density of A9OM1 asymmetric capacitor is compared with that of symmetric AC capacitor at the same power level, the capacitance benefit on energy density is restricted to current density≤3.0Ag−1.
The lifetime of fuel cell stacks is a major issue currently, especially for automotive applications. In order to take into account the lifetime of fuel cell stacks while considering the fuel consumption minimization in fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs), a Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP)-based power management strategy is proposed in this research. This strategy has the effect of prolonging the lifetime of fuel cell stacks. However, there is a tradeoff between the fuel cell stack lifetime and the fuel consumption when this strategy is applied to an FCHV. Verifying the positive economic influence of this strategy is necessary in order to demonstrate its superiority. In this research, the economic influence of the proposed strategy is assessed according to an evaluating cost which is dependent on the fuel cell stack cost, the hydrogen cost, the fuel cell stack lifetime, and the lifetime prolonging impact on the fuel cell stack. Simulation results derived from the proposed power management strategy are also used to evaluate the economic influence. As a result, the positive economic influence of the proposed PMP-based power management strategy is proved for both current and future FCHVs.
The authors regret that the corresponding author (Lingzhi Zhao) was not add the “*”. The “*” is given above.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Gel polymer electrolytes were prepared by immersing a porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF-co-HFP))-coated separator in an electrolyte solution containing small amount of inorganic additive. Four kinds of inorganic compounds, aluminum fluoride, aluminum iodide, lithium fluoride and lithium iodide were used as inorganic additives. By using the gel polymer electrolytes containing different inorganic additives, lithium-ion polymer cells composed of carbon anode and LiCoO2 cathode were assembled and their cycling performance evaluated. Adding small amount of an inorganic additive led to less capacity fade and better high rate performance. Good cycling performances in the cell with these additives could be ascribed to the formation of a protective layer to cover active material in the electrode during cycling, which reduces the electrolyte decomposition.
In spite of several desirable properties such as high stability against superoxide anion and low vapor pressure, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) electrolyte is reported not suitable for use in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries because of severe degradation upon cycling and low oxygen efficiency. In this work, we find that NMP electrolyte is reactive with O2 gas in the presence of lithium metal and such O2-consuming reaction (i.e., autoxidation) is a possible cause for the poor performance in Li-O2 batteries with NMP electrolyte. The autoxidation of NMP is verified by direct measurement of the depletion of O2 gas in the hermetically sealed symmetric Li/Li cells via in-situ gas pressure analysis. In-situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) experiment reveals that the autoxidation resulted in significant O2 consumption upon discharge, very low O2 efficiency upon charge, and eventually fast capacity fading. Lithium nitrate (LiNO3), which provides a protective layer on the surface of lithium metal, is employed to suppress the autoxidation, leading to significantly enhanced oxygen efficiency and cycle life.
Mutations affecting the gene encoding the ubiquitin ligase UBE3A cause Angelman syndrome. Although most studies focus on the synaptic function of UBE3A, we show that UBE3A is highly enriched in the nucleus of mouse and human neurons. We found that the two major isoforms of UBE3A exhibit highly distinct nuclear versus cytoplasmic subcellular localization. Both isoforms undergo nuclear import through direct binding to PSMD4 (also known as S5A or RPN10), but the amino terminus of the cytoplasmic isoform prevents nuclear retention. Mice lacking the nuclear UBE3A isoform recapitulate the behavioral and electrophysiological phenotypes of Ube3am–/p+ mice, whereas mice harboring a targeted deletion of the cytosolic isoform are unaffected. Finally, we identified Angelman syndrome-associated UBE3A missense mutations that interfere with either nuclear targeting or nuclear retention of UBE3A. Taken together, our findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying the subcellular localization of UBE3A, and indicate that the nuclear UBE3A isoform is the most critical for the pathophysiology of Angelman syndrome.
Biologically-based approaches to large-scale solar power generation promise low cost durable technologies that will exhibit the self-repairing capabilities of photosynthetic organisms1–3 (Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington DC, 2005; J. Barber and B. Andersson, Trends Biochem. Sci., 1992, 17, 61; A. Huijser et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 11726). Most proposed approaches however utilize photosynthetic proteins extracted from organisms4–6 (S. A. Trammell et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 17122; R. Das et al., Nano Lett., 2004, 4, 1079; E. Greenbaum, Science, 1985, 230, 1375) and forgo the self-repair capabilities of organisms resulting in short-lived power generation. Beginning with two non-descript graphite electrodes and marine sediment and seawater, we report here a proof-of-concept demonstration of a self-assembling and self-repairing microbial photoelectrochemical solar cell that generates electricity from sunlight7 (S. A. Licht, Nature, 1987, 330, 148). Time records of voltage and current generated by this solar cell reveal a circadian rhythm consistent with a photosynthetic nature. This result supports the interpretation that the electrode reactions are catalyzed by self-maintaining biofilms spontaneously formed on each electrode surface, and that the electrode reactants are photosynthetically regenerated from the electrode products by a self-maintaining spontaneously formed photosynthetic consortium. Our finding suggests a strait-forward approach toward durable biologically-based solar power generation.
Carbon coating has been attracting wide interests as optimum protection technology for Li ion batteries. Recently, carbon-coating has been considered as effective modification for copper/aluminum current collector. Although rate performance and lifetime of electrodes have been widely investigated, interfacial insight remains very superficial, hampering considerable improvement of electrode performance. Here we propose mechanistic models of double interfaces: one interface locates between Cu and active materials, and the other is referred to as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film coating on the current collector. Then vertical graphene nanowalls coated copper (VG) was prepared to reduce interfacial resistance of SEI film derived from an amorphous carbon coating layer. As a result, it exhibited a good rate performance with ∼190 mAh/g at 3 C, in contrast with ∼160 mAh/g for commercial carbon-coated copper (CC) and ∼90 mAh/g for traditional bare copper (BC).
Phenyl acetate (PA) is more stable and much cheaper than vinylene carbonate (VC), a commercial electrolyte additive for graphite anode of lithium ion battery, but its performance needs to be improved. In this paper, we report a new additive, 4-fluorophenyl acetate (4-FPA), which results from the fluorine-substituting of PA. The properties of the formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) by 4-FPA are investigated comparatively with PA by molecular energy level calculation, cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge test, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the SEI formed by 4-FPA is more protective than PA, resulting in the improved cyclic stability of lithium ion battery: the capacity retention of LiFePO4/graphite cell after 90 cycles is 92% for 4-FPA but only 84% for PA. The fluorine in 4-FPA makes it more reducible than PA and the fluorine-containing reduction products of 4-FPA are incorporated into the SEI, which contributes to the improved performance.
In this study, a new electrolyte for Li-ion batteries in the form of lithium salt solution in ionic liquid (IL) based on imidazolium cation with vinyl group is reported. This electrolyte was obtained by dissolution of solid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiNTf2) in 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (EVImNTf2). 1M LiNTf2 in the EVImNTf2 electrolyte has good cathodic stability (the presence of the vinyl group) and flash point above 220°C, which makes it practically non-flammable. The olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cathode and the graphite-lithium anode working together with the electrolyte were tested with the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology of electrodes was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Charge/discharge tests of LiFePO4/1M LiNTf2 in the EVImNTf2/Li cell at different C rates exhibited a good specific capacity of 115 mAh g−1 and 110 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and 1.0C, respectively. The graphite anode showed good cyclability (307 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles) and coulombic efficiency (94%). The efficiency of the full LFP|electrolyte|G cell charging/discharging under study was high (ca. 125mAhg−1 after 30 cycles).
LiCe x Mn2− x O4 (x =0.00–0.10) cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries were synthesized by simple sol–gel technique using aqueous solutions of metal nitrates and succinic acid as the chelating agent. The gel precursors of metal succinates were dried in vacuum oven for 10h at 120°C. After drying, the gel precursors were ground and heated at 900°C. The structural characterization was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify the valence state of Mn and Ce in the synthesized materials. The sample exhibited a well defined spinel structure and the lattice parameter linearly increased with increasing the cerium contents in LiCe x Mn2− x O4. Surface morphology and particle size of the synthesized materials were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy respectively. Electrochemical properties were characterized for assembled Li/LiCe x Mn2− x O4 coin type cells using galvanostatic charge/discharge studies at 0.5C rate and cyclic voltammetry in the potential range between 2.75 and 4.5V at a scan rate of 0.1mVs−1. Among them cerium doped spinel LiCe0.05Mn1.90O4 has improved structural stability, high reversible capacity and excellent electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium batteries.
To understand the origin of the better performance of Sb electrode i) vs Na than vs Li and ii) formulated with CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) in water rather than with PolyVinylidene diFluoride (PVdF) in N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical tests have been carried out to carefully investigate the chemical composition of the SEI layer formed at the Sb electrode surface in the Li- and Na-system, with the different binders. Sb electrodes were cycled using a standard EC/PC/3DMC (1 M LiPF6) electrolyte containing Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and FluoroEthylene Carbonate (FEC) for Li system and a standard Propylene Carbonate PC (1 M NaClO4) electrolyte containing FEC for Na system. Surface analysis was performed by a combined XPS core peaks and quantification data analysis to establish the main components of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase film (SEI). The key observation is that the thickness of the SEI layer is strongly related to the nature of the polymer binder used in the formulation and that its chemical nature is different in Li and Na batteries. Much favorable SEI in the case of Sb-CMC/Na seems to participate to the excellent performance of this electrode.
A carbon particle supported sulfur (C–S) composite cathode material was prepared by a chemical deposition method in an aqueous solution. The performance of the C–S cathode material with carbon particles (CP) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as electrical conductors and CMC+SBR as binder was evaluated in Li/S cells using cyclic voltammetry, constant current cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The C–S material and the electrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the C–S cathode with CNFs shows improvement of not only discharge capacity but also cycling durability. It exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 1200mAhg−1, or 72% of theoretical, and retains 668mAhg−1, or 40% of the sulfur theoretical capacity after 50 cycles. The C–S electrode with CNFs has a three-dimensional network structure with regular pores, which can suppress the agglomeration of sulfur or lithium sulfide. Thus, the cell performance is improved.
Used well, science provides effective ways of identifying potential risks, protecting citizens, and using resources wisely. It enables government decisions to be based on evidence and provides a foundation for a rule-based framework that supports global trade. To ensure that the best available science becomes a key input in the decisions made by EU institutions, this abridged version of a working paper produced for the European Policy Centre, a leading, independent think tank, considers how science is currently used in the policy and decision-making processes of the EU, what the limitations of scientific evidence are, and how a risk assessment process based on scientific ‘good practices’ can be advantageous. Finally, the paper makes recommendations on how to improve the use of science by EU institutions.
There is a growing need to explore path dependence of aging processes in batteries developed for long-term usage, such as lithium-ion cells used in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) or plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) applications that may then be “retired” to be utilized in grid applications. To better understand the foremost influences on path dependence in the PHEV context, this work aims to bridge the gap between ideal laboratory test conditions and PHEV field conditions by isolating the predominant aging factors in PHEV service, which would include, for example, the nature and frequency of duty cycles, as well as the frequency and severity of thermal cycles. These factors are studied in controlled and repeatable laboratory conditions to facilitate mechanistic evaluation of aging processes. This work is a collaboration between Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI). Commercial lithium-ion cells of the Sanyo Y type (18650 configuration) are used in this work covering two initial independent studies of path dependence issues. The first study considers how the magnitude of power pulses and charging rates affect the aging rate, while the second seeks to answer whether thermal cycling has an accelerating effect on cell aging. While this work is in early stages of testing, initial data trends show that cell aging is indeed accelerated under conditions of high discharge pulse power, higher charge rates, and thermal cycling. Such information is useful in developing accurate predictive models for estimating end-of-life conditions.
We investigated the extent to which inhibition, updating, shifting, and mental-attentional capacity (M-capacity) contribute to children’s ability to solve multiplication word problems. A total of 155 children in Grades 3–6 (8- to 13-year-olds) completed a set of multiplication word problems at two levels of difficulty: one-step and multiple-step problems. They also received a reading comprehension test and a battery of inhibition, updating, shifting, and M-capacity measures. Structural equation modeling showed that updating mediated the relationship between multiplication performance (controlling for reading comprehension score) and latent attentional factors M-capacity and inhibition. Updating played a more important role in predicting performance on multiple-step problems than did age, whereas age and updating were equally important predictors on one-step problems. Shifting was not a significant predictor in either model. Implications of proposing executive function updating as a mediator between mathematical cognition and chronological age and attention resources are discussed.
In this work, a novel core-shell structured SiOx/nitrogen-doped carbon composite has been prepared by simply dispersing the SiOx particles, which are synthesized by a thermal evaporation method from an equimolar mixture of Si and SiO2, into the dopamine solution, followed by a carbonization process. The SiOx core is well covered by the conformal and homogeneous nitrogen-doped carbon layer from the pyrolysis of polydopamine. By contrast with the bare SiOx, the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared core-shell structured SiOx/nitrogen-doped carbon composite has been improved significantly. It delivers a reversible capacity of 1514 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and 933 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1, much higher than those of commercial graphite anodes. The nitrogen-doped carbon layer ensures the excellent electrochemical performance of the SiOx/C composite. In addition, since dopamine can self-polymerize and coat virtually any surface, this versatile, facile and highly efficient coating process may be widely applicable to obtain various composites with uniform nitrogen-doped carbon coating layer.
xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiMO2 (LLO)/spinel nanocomposites are of substantial interest as cathodes with high capacity and enhanced conductivity. However, their electrochemical properties are significantly influenced by the complex phase constitutions, and undesired by-products such as rock salt phase could not be efficiently avoided. By ex-/in-situ XRD, we revealed the three phase transitions during the decomposition reaction of spinel phase, namely, Li-rich spinel (SL) to LLO (L), normal spinel (SN) to rock salt (R) and rock salt to LLO. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Li migrates from the 8a tetrahedral site to the interstitial 16c octahedral site as oxygen is released from SL and SN, forming quasi-Li2MnO3 and quasi-rock salt crystals, respectively. The dynamic priority of each reaction determined by experiments and calculations was utilized to design the LLO/spinel composites, and a composite with more spinel phase (7.6%) demonstrated high capacity retention at high rates. Our study sheds light on the mechanism of phase transitions among the spinel-layered-rock salt system and reveal the thermodynamic and dynamic priority of each reaction, facilitating the rational design of LLO/spinel composites.
The electrochemical performance of a composite of nano-Si powder and a pyrolytic carbon of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with carbon nanofiber (CNF) was examined as an anode for solid-polymer lithium-ion batteries. Nano-Si powder was firstly coated with carbon by pyrolysis of PVC and then mixed with CNF (referred to as Si/C@CNF) using a rotation mixer. The composite exhibited good cycling performance, but suffered from a large irreversible capacity loss of which the retention was less than 60%. In order to reduce the loss, a thin lithium sheet was attached to the Si/C@CNF electrode surface as a reducing agent. The irreversible capacity of the first cycle was lowered to as much as 0mAhg−1 and after the third cycle, the lithium insertion and extraction efficiency was almost 100%. A reversible capacity of more than 1000mAhg−1 was still maintained after 40 cycles.
We developed original anion exchange membranes to protect air electrodes operating in aqueous lithium-air battery configuration, i.e. supplied with atmospheric air and in concentrated aqueous lithium hydroxide. These protective membranes have an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) architecture combining a hydrogenated cationic polyelectrolyte network based on poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) and a fluorinated neutral network based on perfluoropolyether (Fluorolink® MD700). Two phases, each one rich in one of the polymer, are co-continuous in the materials. This morphology allows combining their properties according to the weight proportions of each polymer. Thus, PECH/Fluorolink IPNs show ionic conductivity varying from 1 to 2 mS cm−1, water uptake from 30 to 90 wt.% and anionic transport number from 0.65 to 0.80 when the PECH proportion varies from 40 to 90 wt.%. These membranes have been systematically assembled on air electrodes. Air electrode protected with PECH/Fluorolink 70/30 IPN shows outstanding stability higher than 1000 h, i.e. a 20-fold increase in the lifetime of the non-modified electrode. This efficient membrane/air electrode assembly is promising for development of alkaline electrolyte based storage or production energy systems, such as metal air batteries or alkaline fuel cells.