batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Zero energy buildings (ZEBs) have been conceptualized as a major solution to adopt an efficient energy management and saving scheme in the building sector. Given that the sustainability of the ZEB relies heavily on both the on-site renewable sources and battery, their capacities had to be carefully selected to ensure that the ZEB meets the intended performance goal. As such, indicators that are related to energy trilemma for the evaluation of ZEB performance is first identified. Subsequently, a new ZEB performance framework is developed based on the set of five chosen indicators. Finally, ZEB performance index is derived and analyzed using the developed framework to select the appropriate capacity combination both the on-site renewable sources and battery. Through the analysis, it has been discovered that energy loss from energy conversion into and out of the battery can be considered as a less impact factor for ZEB performance taking into account the correlation of five indicators. The quantitative analysis of ZEB performance based on this developed framework from energy trilemma perspective would be hopefully of use to policymakers in designing a well-grounded and sustainable energy policy in the long run.
High-performance SiOx was scalable synthesized by means of simple high-energy ball-milling method, and used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of SiOx electrode after high-energy ball-milling is improved effectively compared to raw SiOx. That is benefit for the reduced size of SiOx powder. By changing the species of conductive agents, improved cyclic performance and excellent rate capability were achieved. Under galvanostatic mode with current density of 0.3 A/g, SiOx electrode after high-energy ball-milling with optimized conductive agents delivers a reversible capacity of 1416.8 mAh/g with coulombic efficiency as high as 99.8% and capacity retention of 83.6% (1184.8 mAh/g) even after 100 cycles. The approach is simple and can be adopted for large scale production of high performance SiOx anode materials.
Despite its popularity, the psychometric properties of the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-10) in working adults are yet to be evaluated.
Due to the overwhelming complexity of the electrochemical related behaviors and internal structure of lithium ion batteries, it is difficult to obtain an accurate mathematical expression of their thermal dynamics based on the physical principal. In this paper, a data based thermal model which is suitable for online temperature distribution estimation is proposed for lithium-ion batteries. Based on the physics based model, a simple but effective low order model is obtained using the Karhunen–Loeve decomposition method. The corresponding uncertain chemical related heat generation term in the low order model is approximated using extreme learning machine. All uncertain parameters in the low order model can be determined analytically in a linear way. Finally, the temperature distribution of the whole battery can be estimated in real time based on the identified low order model. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The simple training process of the model makes it superior for onboard application.
In this article, the polyaniline nanorods/graphene sheet composites (G-PANI) with covalent bond were synthesized through interfacial copolymerization of aniline and functionalized graphene (G-PPD) obtained by in situ reduction of graphene oxide and functionalization with para-phenylenediamine (PPD). During the interfacial polymerization, the monopolymerization of aniline and copolymerization of aniline and G-PPD are carried out simultaneously, which produce a mixture of PANI nanorods and G-PANI. Not only the homopolymer possesses one-dimensional structure, but also the graphene surface was covered evenly by the PANI nanorods. As comparison with conventional synthesis methods of PANI, the interfacial polymerization can produce large-scale one-dimensional PANI nanorods, which can form a loose crisscross aggregation. Even when it is grafted onto graphene sheet, the nanorod morphology is remained. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge tests confirm that the G-PANI has higher electrochemical activity and higher capacitive properties over those of neat PANI nanorods. At the current density of 1 mAcm−2, the specific capacitance of G-PANI and PANI nanorods are 909 Fg−1 and 772 Fg−1, respectively. Especially, the specific capacitance of G-PANI has 62% enhancement over that of PANI nanorods at high current density of 50 mAcm−2. The remarkable improved capacity performance can be attributed to the enhanced mass transfer process brought from the loose nanostructure aggregation of G-PANI, as well as the reduced charge transfer resistance caused by the highly conductive graphene and strong interfacial interaction between PANI and graphene via covalent bond.
The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of using nano PbO2 in commercial type tubular lead-acid battery positive electrodes. In that prospect, nanosized αPbO2 and βPbO2 have been synthesized at room temperature by a low-cost solution technique involving the chemical oxidation of lead nitrate with ammonium persulfate in concentrated alkaline medium. Mini-tubular electrodes were then prepared using the same type of gauntlet as the one used in commercial tubular electrodes. We show that the capacity and the cycling stability of the tubular electrode highly depend on the sulfuric acid concentration in the electrolyte and on the lead dioxide surface area. A percentage of utilization higher than 45% of the active mass with an excellent cycling stability was obtained when our nano βPbO2 was used as active material in a diluted H2SO4 electrolyte.
The state-of-charge (SOC) of batteries and battery–supercapacitor hybrid systems is predicted using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Our technique is able to predict the SOC of energy storage devices based on a short initial segment (less than 4% of the average lifetime) of the discharge curve. The prediction shows good performance with a correlation coefficient above 0.95. We are able to improve the prediction further by considering readily available measurements of the device and usage. The prediction is further shown to be resilient to changes in operating conditions or physical structure of the devices.
A graphene coating mesoporous carbon/sulfur (RGO@CMK-3/S) composite, which is characteristic of a hybrid structure by incorporating the merits of CMK-3 matrix and graphene (RGO) skin, is synthesized by a facile and scalable route. The CMK-3/S composite is synthesized via a simple melt-diffusion strategy, and then a thin RGO skin is absorbed on the CMK-3/S composite surface in aqueous solution. When evaluating the electrochemical properties of as-prepared RGO wrapped nanostructures as cathode materials in lithium–sulfur batteries, it exhibits much improved cyclical stability and high rate performance. The RGO@CMK-3/S composite with 53.14 wt.% sulfur presents a reversible discharge capacity of about 734 mA h g− 1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. The improved performance is attributed to the unique structure of RGO@CMK-3/S composite. CMK-3 with extensively mesopores can offer buffering space for the volume change of sulfur and efficient diffusion channel for lithium ions during the charge/discharge process. Meanwhile, the conductive RGO coating skin physically and chemically prevents the dissolution of polysulfides from the cathode, both of which contribute to the reduced capacity fade and improved electrochemical properties.
Gel polymer electrolytes were synthesized by copolymerization polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate with polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of a room temperature ionic liquid, methylpropylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPPY·TFSI). The physical properties of gel polymer electrolytes were characterized by thermal analysis, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests. The ionic conductivities of the gel polymer electrolytes increased linearly with the amount of MPPY·TFSI and were mainly attributed to the increased ion mobility as evidenced by the decreased glass transition temperatures. Li||LiFePO4 cells were assembled using the gel polymer electrolytes containing 80wt% MPPY·TFSI via an in situ polymerization method. A reversible cell capacity of 90mAhg−1 was maintained under the current density of C/10 at room temperature, which was increased to 130mAhg−1 by using a thinner membrane and cycling at 50°C.
A novel of Si/porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is fabricated by steam etching of Si/rGO aerogel. The rGO sheets with nano-holes build a unique three-dimensional porous network and can encapsulate the Si nanoparticles. The porous structure of Si/rGO composite can reduce the transfer distance of Li ions and restrain the aggregation and destruction of Si particles. The in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation demonstrates that the porous rGO sheets help the entire electrode to maintain highly conductive and facilitate the lithiation of Si nanoparticles. The composite electrode presents high specific capacity and good cycling stability (1004 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 up to 100 cycles).
This paper focuses on an efficient fundamental approach of the electrochemical model of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially considering the effect of Electrical Double Layer (EDL) potential on the over-potential of batteries. Firstly, the electrode solid phase and electrolyte liquid phase in LIBs are modelled by electrochemical theory, especially emphasizing the influence of EDL structure. Three-parameter parabola method is effectively employed to simplify the model. Furthermore, a parameter identification method based on genetic algorithm is proposed according to the structure characteristics of EDL model. The accuracy of model is verified by comparing the output voltage of the EDL model under 0.1∼2C charging/discharging, 1C pulse discharging and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) condition with the experimental terminal voltage. Finally, the battery SOC estimation method is developed by using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm based on EDL model and is verified by the 1C pulse discharge and the NEDC condition experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately estimate the SOC value of LIBs. In addition, the algorithm has a strong correction effect on the initial SOC error and convergence.
It was recently discovered that nanocrystals could be generated in glass anodes by Li-ion insertion, and thereby the cycling stability of Li-ion batteries was enhanced. Here we reveal the origins of both the nanocrystal formation and the enhancement of battery performances by exploring phase transitions, redox reactions, and structural heterogeneity in glass anodes. We infer that Li+ ions interact with the higher energy domains of structural network during discharging/charging, and some of the Li ions are incorporated into the structural network, and thereby the potential energy is lowered through nanocrystal formation. Upon 5000 discharging/charging cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1, the nanocrystals in the 40TeO2–60V2O5 glass were identified to be γ-Li3VO4. Owing to the metastable nature of the γ-Li3VO4 phase, the glass anode becomes electrochemically active and highly ionic conductive. Simultaneously, the cycling stability is greatly enhanced by the nanostructured glass since the nanocrystals could suppress the propagation of micro-cracks generated by volume changes in glass matrix.
The number of registrations of light duty hybrid electric vehicles has systematically increased over the last years and it is expected to keep growing. Hence, evaluation of their emissions becomes very important in order to be able to anticipate their impact and share in the total emissions from the transport sector. For that reason the emissions from a Euro 5 compliant hybrid electric vehicle (HV2) and a Euro 5 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHV1) were investigated with special interest on exhaust emissions of ammonia, acetaldehyde and ethanol. Vehicles were tested over the World harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) at 23 and −7 °C using two different commercial fuels E5 and E10 (gasoline containing 5% and 10% vol/vol of ethanol, respectively). PHV1 resulted in lower emissions than HV2 due to the pure electric strategy used by the former. PHV1 and HV2 showed lower regulated emissions than conventional Euro 5 gasoline light duty vehicles. However, emissions of ammonia (2–8 and 6–15 mg km−1 at 22 and −7 °C, respectively), ethanol (0.3–0.8 and 2.6–7.2 mg km−1 at 22 and −7 °C, respectively) and acetaldehyde (∼0.2 and 0.8–2.7 mg km−1 at 22 and −7 °C, respectively) were in the same range of those recently reported for conventional gasoline light duty vehicles.
This study explored the cognitive performance of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Participants were 62 children with ages between 9 years 8 months and 12 years 7 months. These children were placed into one of the four groups: Comparison (n =26), ADHD (n =14), DCD (n =11), and ADHD + DCD (n =11) groups. The ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Australian Disruptive Behaviours Scale, and motor ability was assessed using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND). Significantly poorer perceptual reasoning ability was seen in DCD and ADHD + DCD groups but not in the ADHD group. The findings provide evidence that a deficit in visuo-spatial ability may underlie DCD but not ADHD. These findings revealed different cognitive profiles for ADHD and/or DCD, thus the current study does not lend support to the common aetiology hypothesis in understanding the basis of ADHD and DCD comorbidity.
This longitudinal study classified groups of children experiencing different trajectories of student-teacher relationship quality over the transition from preschool into school, and determined the strength of the association between different student-teacher relationship trajectories and childhood mental health problems in the second year of primary school.
RTA 408 is a member of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid class of compounds known to potently activate the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. Because skin is constantly exposed to external oxidative stress, such as that from ultraviolet radiation, from chemical exposure, during improper wound healing, and throughout the course of cancer radiation therapy, it may benefit from activation of Nrf2. This study was conducted to evaluate the transdermal penetration properties and Nrf2 activation potential of RTA 408 in normal rat skin. RTA 408 (0.1, 1.0, or 3.0 %) was applied topically to the shaved skin of male Sprague–Dawley rats twice daily for 4 days and once on Day 5. Topical application of RTA 408 resulted in transdermal penetration, with low but dose-dependent plasma exposure with AUC(0–24 h) values of 3.6, 26.0, and 41.1 h ng/mL for the 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 % doses, respectively. Further, topical application of RTA 408 resulted in increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, dose-dependent mRNA induction of Nrf2 target genes (e.g. Nqo1, Srxn1, Gclc, and Gclm), and induction of the protein expression of the prototypical Nrf2 target gene Nqo1 and increased total glutathione (GSH) in normal rat skin. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that increased staining for Nqo1 and total GSH of structures in both the epidermis and dermis was consistent with the full transdermal penetration of RTA 408. Finally, topically administered RTA 408 was well tolerated with no adverse in-life observations and normal skin histology. Thus, the data support the further development of RTA 408 for the potential treatment of skin diseases.
Carbon-coated Fe3O4 hollow nanofibers (Fe3O4/C hNFs) as a lithium ion battery anode material are prepared through electrospinning, annealing, and hydrothermal processing. At a high current density of 1000 mAg−1, the template-free Fe3O4/C hNFs exhibit high 1st- and 150th-cycle specific capacities of ∼963 and 978 mAhg−1, respectively. Moreover, Fe3O4/C hNFs have excellent and stable rate capability, compared to that of the Fe3O4 hNFs, and a capacity of 704 mAhg−1 at a current density of 2000 mAg−1. Owing to the carbon layer, the Li-ion diffusion coefficient of the Fe3O4/C hNFs, 8.10 × 10−14 cm2 s−1, is 60 times higher than that (1.33 × 10−15 cm2 s−1) of the Fe3O4 hNFs. These results indicate that Fe3O4/C hNFs may have important implications for developing high performance anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.
A facile two-step synthetic route, i.e., combining the carbonate co-precipitation method and impregnation method, to prepare uniform porous Ni-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 microsphere with an average diameter of ∼3μm and BET specific surface area of 13.4m2 g−1 is proposed for the first time. The XRD and TEM results confirm that the porous microspheres LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 material has a well-ordered α-NaFeO2 structure with stable in-plane [ 3 × 3 ]R30° ordering in the transition-metal layers. The exquisite morphology and ideal structure endow this nanocrystal-assembled porous LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 microspheres enhanced electrochemical performance such as high capacity, good cycling stability and excellent rate capability. Specifically, the as-prepared porous LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode delivers a high discharge capacity of 79mAhg−1 even at the ultrahigh rate 50C (10Ag−1), and 138mAhg−1 at 1C after 100 cycles with an excellent cycle life. Additionally, the fast-charging test results are indicative of the fact that this cathode has sufficiently stable structure, because it can still deliver a discharge capacity higher than 123mAhg−1 after 100 cycles with capacity retention of 90.1% at 5C charge and 1C discharge. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results demonstrate that the porous LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode has a higher apparent lithium ion diffusion coefficient (insertion/extraction process are 8.67×10−8 and 3.78×10−8 cm2 s−1, respectively) and lower activation energy (29.3KJmol−1). Our results indicate that this preparation strategy may be facile and versatile for synthesis other high-capacity anode/cathode materials.
Pain in the orofacial region may originate from different structures, and one challenge for the clinician is to determine the primary origin of pain reported by the patient. In clinical practice, it is important to discriminate between a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain disorder and jaw muscle pain; therefore, tests that are proposed for such purposes warrant evaluation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of a TMJ compression test in relation to a Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) arthralgia diagnosis.
A 3D graphene oxide/carbon sphere supported silver composite (Ag/GO/C) was synthesized using graphene oxide as the reducing agent. The reducing process of Ag+ was monitored by the ultra violet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrometer and the physical properties of the Ag/GO/C composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated that the dispersive Ag nanoparticles are anchored uniformly on the surface of GO sheets with a mean size of about 6.9nm. With introducing carbon black, the Ag nanoparticles aggregated slightly. Compared with its counterpart Ag/GO, the Ag/GO/C composite showed a significantly enhanced activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media. The enhancement can be ascribed to the 3D composite support, which not only improves the electrical conductivity, but also enforces the mass transport in the catalyst layer facilitating the reactants access to the active sites. Moreover, the Ag/GO/C composite exhibits good tolerance to alcohols, carbonates and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. This work is expected to open a new pathway to use GO as a reducing agent to synthesize electrocatalysts without surfactants.
The cytotoxicity of a series of ionic liquids containing ammonium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, and piperidinium cations against leukemia rat cell line IPC-81 was estimated from their structural parameters using quantitative structure–activity relationship methodology. Linear and nonlinear models were developed using genetic algorithm multiple linear regression and multilayer perceptron neural network approaches. Robustness and reliability of the constructed models were evaluated by internal, external, and Y-randomization procedures. Furthermore, the chemical applicability domain was determined via a leverage approach for each model. The results of this study revealed that the contribution of structural characteristics of the anionic parts of the studied ILs were fewer than of the cationic parts.
Level of evidence: V
The goal for most athletes who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and elect to undergo reconstruction surgery is to be able to return to their preinjury sport. However, over the past decade it has become apparent that the rates of return are less than ideal and certainly less than what might be expected from standard activity and impairment-based measures [1, 2]. Return to sport after ACL reconstruction has therefore became a focus of the research literature. The purpose of this article is to summarise and explore the current knowledge regarding return to sport after ACL reconstruction surgery.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) has a complex phenotype with more than 180 characteristics, including cardiac anomalies, cleft palate, intellectual disabilities, a typical facial morphology, and mental health problems. However, the variable phenotype makes it difficult to predict clinical outcome, such as the high prevalence of psychosis among adults with 22q11DS (∼25–30% vs. ∼1% in the general population). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether subtypes exist among people with 22q11DS, with a similar phenotype and an increased risk of developing mental health problems. Physical, cognitive and behavioural data from 50 children and adolescents with 22q11DS were included in a k-means cluster analysis. Two distinct phenotypes were identified: Type-1 presented with a more severe phenotype including significantly impaired verbal memory, lower intellectual and academic ability, as well as statistically significant reduced total brain volume. In addition, we identified a trend effect for reduced temporal grey matter. Type-1 also presented with autism-spectrum traits, whereas Type-2 could be described as having more 22q11DS-typical face morphology, being predominately affected by executive function deficits, but otherwise being relatively high functioning with regard to cognition and behaviour. The confirmation of well-defined subtypes in 22q11DS can lead to better prognostic information enabling early identification of people with 22q11DS at high risk of psychiatric disorders. The identification of subtypes in a group of people with a relatively homogenous genetic deletion such as 22q11DS is also valuable to understand clinical outcomes.
Perjury is a deception that occurs within the legal system. Research indicates that legal personnel, including police officers, detectives, and secret service agents, detect deception slightly above chance levels (Bond and DePaulo 2006). Scant research has been conducted to examine the frequencies and motivations of perjury. Thus, we conducted two studies to explore the rates of perjury and incentives to engage in perjury. Study one examined the reported frequencies of perjury, finding that it occurs in 29.9% of the interactions with legal personnel. Study two was designed to examine perjury-like behaviors using the Ariely (2012) shredder paradigm. Over half (54%) of participants in study 2 engaged in perjury-like behaviors and those who received money as an incentive were equally likely to engage in perjury behaviors as those who did not. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.