batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In smart grids, demand response and distributed energy systems aim to provide a higher degree of flexibility for load-shifting operations and the leverage to control intermittent wind supply. In this more dynamic energy system, deployment of energy storage at the site of consumption is envisioned to create synergies with the local distributed generation (DG) system. From a large end-user perspective, this paper contributes to the practical understanding of smart grids by modelling the impact of real-time pricing schemes (smart grids) on a hybrid DG system (mixed generation for heating and electricity loads) coupled with storage units. Specifically, we address: How does the portfolio of DG units affect the value of energy storage? and, what is the value of energy storage when assessing different designs of demand response for the end-user? To this end, we formulate a dynamic optimization model to represent a real-life urban community’s energy system composed of a co-generation unit, gas boilers, electrical heaters and a wind turbine. We discuss the techno-economic benefits of complementing this end-user’s energy system with storage units (thermal storage and battery devices). The paper analyses the storages policy strategies to simultaneously satisfy heat and electricity demand through the efficient use of DG units under demand response mechanisms. Results indicate that the storage units reduce energy costs by 7–10% in electricity and 3% in gas charges. In cases with a large DG capacity, the supply–demand mismatch increases, making storage more valuable.
Assessment of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure in non-target organisms rarely involves non-neural molecular targets. Here we performed a 30-d microcosm experiment with Lumbricus terrestris to determine whether the activity of digestive enzymes (phosphatase, β-glucosidase, carboxylesterase and lipase) was sensitive to chlorpyrifos (5 mg kg−1 wet soil). Likewise, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in the wall muscle and gastrointestinal tissues as indicators of OP exposure. Chlorpyrifos inhibited the acid phosphatase (34% of controls), carboxylesterase (25.6%) and lipase activities (31%) in the gastrointestinal content. However, in the gastrointestinal tissue, only the carboxylesterase and lipase activities were significantly depressed (42–67% carboxylesterase inhibition in the foregut and crop/gizzard, and 15% lipase inhibition in the foregut). Chlorpyrifos inhibited the activity of both cholinesterases in the gastrointestinal tissues, whereas the AChE activity was affected in the wall muscle. These results suggested chlorpyrifos was widely distributed throughout the earthworm body after 30 d of incubation. Interestingly, we found muscle carboxylesterase activity strongly inhibited (92% of control) compared with that detected in the gastrointestinal tissues of the same OP-exposed individuals. This finding was explained by the occurrence of pesticide-resistant esterases in the gastrointestinal tissues, which were evidenced by zymography. Our results suggest that digestive processes of L. terrestris may be altered by chlorpyrifos, as a consequence of the inhibitory action of the insecticide on some digestive enzymes.
The monitoring of antimicrobial use is an essential step to control the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Between January and October 2010 data on prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use were collected retrospectively on 50 closed or semi-closed pig herds. Ninety-three percent of the group treatments were prophylactic whereas only 7% were methaphylactic. The most frequently used antimicrobials orally applied at group level were colistin (30.7%), amoxicillin (30.0%), trimethoprim-sulfonamides (13.1%), doxycycline (9.9%) and tylosin (8.1%). The most frequently applied injectable antimicrobials were tulathromycin (45.0%), long acting ceftiofur (40.1%) and long acting amoxicillin (8.4%). The treatment incidences (TI) based on the used daily dose pig (UDDpig or the actually administered dose per day per kg pig of a drug) for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was on average 200.7 per 1000 pigs at risk per day (min=0, max=699.0), while the TI based on the animal daily dose pig (ADDpig or the national defined average maintenance dose per day per kg pig of a drug used for its main indication) was slightly higher (average=235.8, min=0, max=1322.1). This indicates that in reality fewer pigs were treated with the same amount of antimicrobials than theoretically possible. Injectable products were generally overdosed (79.5%), whereas oral treatments were often underdosed (47.3%). In conclusion, this study shows that prophylactic group treatment was applied in 98% of the visited herds and often includes the use of critically important and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In Belgium, the guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials are not yet implemented.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared by a spray drying and post-annealing process. The re-annealing treatment in O2 could not only decrease the Mn3+ content, but also increased the reversible capacity and significantly improve the rate capability compared to the untreated material. Moreover, the cyclic performance of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 depends on both the cycling rate and operating temperature, which was ascribed to the difference between the phase transition rates between cubic I↔cubic II and cubic II↔cubic III.
This study aims to evaluate the Revised Master Questionnaire (MQR), a measure of cognitive and behavioral difficulties related to weight management, for use in bariatric surgery evaluations. The MQR’s five domains include stimulus control, hopelessness, motivation, physical attribution, and energy balance knowledge, all of which are relevant to bariatric surgery evaluation.
In this paper, the perspective of lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) as a possible candidate for the lithium ion batteries was evaluated on the basis of the knowledge accumulated thus far. Emphasis was placed on the electrochemistry of the BOB-anion on both graphitic anode and metal-oxide-based cathode surfaces. Certain issues associated with the impurity and safety of the salt in lithium ion systems were also discussed.
Poly(4-styrene sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT/PSS) films with ring-, arrow-, and bubble-like micro-structures have been electrochemically generated simply by a one-step cyclic voltammetry in an aqueous media. Influences of applied potentials and surfactant/dopant-PSS on morphology of the resulting film were investigated, and a gas bubble template mechanism has been proposed. The result confirmed a well-doping of PSS in the PEDOT film. Electrochemical property and conductivity of the micro-structured PEDOT/PSS film were investigated further. Similar preparation with potential applications in fabrication of micro-devices and micro-sensors can be extended to other micro-structured conducting polymers.
Complex auditory hallucinations are often characterized by hearing voices and are then called auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). While AVHs have been extensively investigated in psychiatric patients suffering from schizophrenia, reports from neurological patients are rare and, in most cases, incomplete. Here, we characterize AVHs in 9 patients suffering from pharmacoresistant epilepsy by analyzing the phenomenology of AVHs and patients' neuropsychological and lesion profiles. From a cohort of 352 consecutively examined patients with epilepsy, 9 patients suffering AVHs were identified and studied by means of a semistructured interview, neuropsychological tests, and multimodal imaging, relying on a combination of functional and structural neuroimaging data and surface and intracranial EEG. We found that AVHs in patients with epilepsy were associated with prevalent language deficits and damage to posterior language areas and basal language areas in the left temporal cortex. Auditory verbal hallucinations, most of the times, consisted in hearing a single voice of the same gender and language as the patient and had specific spatial features, being, most of the times, perceived in the external space, contralateral to the lesion. We argue that the consistent location of AVHs in the contralesional external space, the prominence of associated language deficits, and the prevalence of lesions to the posterior temporal language areas characterize AVHs of neurological origin, distinguishing them from those of psychiatric origin.
Outstanding sodium and lithium storage capability is successfully demonstrated in ultrathin NiO nanosheets (4–5 nm in thickness) synthesized via a facile solvothermal process followed by annealing in air. For sodium storage, the NiO nanosheets deliver a high reversible specific capacity of 299 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and the capacity still remains up to 154 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1. Upon charge/discharge cycling, the specific capacity maintains to be as high as 266 mA h g−1 during the 100th cycle at 1 A g−1. Such sodium storage capability of NiO nanosheets is by far one of the best reported for transition metal oxides. For lithium storage, the cell achieves a high reversible specific capacity of 1242 and 250 mA h g−1 at 0.2 and 15 A g−1, respectively. The capacity for lithium storage maintains to be 851 mA h g−1 during the 170th cycle at 2 A g−1. The present results demonstrate that ultrathin NiO nanosheets are highly attractive for fast sodium/lithium diffusion with high-rate capability for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
The porous micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 microellipsoids are successfully fabricated through a urea-assisted solvothermal route using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the capping reagent followed by thermal treatment in air. The porous characterization has been performed to confirm that porous Co3O4 micro-/nanostructures are composed of numerous primary nanocrystallines. The specific surface area and pore size of the Co3O4 microellipsoids are around ⿼24.2m2 g⿿1 and 13.5nm, respectively. The obtained porous Co3O4 microellipsoids demonstrate the high initial discharge capacity of ⿼1314 mAh g⿿1 with a Columbic efficiency of 79.2% at a current density of 50mA g⿿1 in the potential range of 0.01⿿3.0V. More impressively, a significantly improved reversible capacity of ⿼1192mAhg⿿1 is retained at 100mAg⿿1 after 50 discharge-charge cycles. Excellent rate capabilities (⿼920mAhg⿿1 at 200mAg⿿1 and ⿼630mAhg⿿1 at 600mAg⿿1) are observed for the porous microellipsoid-like structure. It should be noted that the unique porous micro-/nanostructured microellipsoids play an important role in the enhanced electrochemical lithium storage performance. Therefore, the porous micro-/nanostructured Co3O4 microellipsoids should be suitable as an anode material for lithium ion batteries.
Background Commercial transcranial magnetic stimulators are massive and may be difficult to transport for lecture and teaching purposes Objective To design and construct a portable, battery-powered magnetic stimulator of the lowest possible mass for use in demonstrations and simple measurements Results The functioning battery-powered single-pulse system is relatively inexpensive, weighs less than 7 pounds, including coil, incorporates external sync capability, and functions well for the intended purposes Conclusions The device may useful for teachers, researchers, and clinicians
Early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos provide an excellent model for the study of developmental processes. Development can be studied by direct observation under the light microscope and can be perturbed using laser manipulations, drug inhibitor treatments, and genetic mutants. The first division of the C. elegans embryo is asymmetric, generating two daughter cells unequal in size and developmental fate. These distinct fates are generated by the partitioning of cytoplasmic determinants during the first mitotic cell cycle. Partitioning of these determinants is thought to be driven by cytoplasmic flow. Recent studies in C. elegans in the past year have identified a number of components necessary for this flow, giving us a clearer picture of the molecular mechanisms underlying developmental asymmetry.
Increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries at the electrode and cell level is necessary to continue the reductions in the size and weight of battery cells and packs. Energy density improvements can be accomplished through increasing active material density in electrodes by decreasing porosity and removing inactive additives, as well as by using thicker electrodes that reduce the relative fraction of separators and current collectors in the cell. This paper describes the fabrication of sintered electrodes comprised of only electro-active material toward the goal of thick electrodes free of binders and conductive additives. The electrodes reported herein have no inactive additives in the electrode, > 62% active material volume fraction, and high thicknesses of > 500 µm. The high capacity of these electrodes presents challenges for material characterization and extended cycling. In particular, lithium metal anodes limit the performance of sintered electrode cells at > 1 mA cm−2, a relatively low rate for these thick electrodes. In this work, full Li4Ti5O12/LiCoO2 (LTO/LCO) sintered electrode cells with total combined thickness of anode, separator, and cathode of up to 2.90 mm have been successfully fabricated and electrochemically evaluated. These full cells have improved stability and high areal capacities, as high as 45 mAh cm−2 capacity at 1.28 mA cm−2.
The potential environmental impact of Landfilling, Incineration and Recycling of spent household alkaline batteries collected in continental Portugal was compared using LCA methodology and the Recipe Impact Assessment method. Major contributors and improvement opportunities for each system were identified and scenarios for 2012 and 2016 legislation targets were evaluated. For 13 out of the 18 impact categories, the Recycling system is the worst alternative, Incineration is the worst option for 4 and Landfill is the worst option only for one impact category. However if additionally in each system the recovery of materials and energy is taken into account there is a noticeable advantage of the Recycling system for all the impact categories. The environmental profiles for 2012 and 2016 scenarios (25% and 45% recycling rates, respectively) show the dominance of the Recycling system for most of the impact categories. Based on the results of this study, it is questioned whether there are environmental benefits of recycling abroad the household alkaline batteries collected in continental Portugal and, since the low environmental performance of the Recycling system is particularly due to the international transport of the batteries to the recycling plant, is foreseen that a recycling facility located in Portugal, could bring a positive contribution to the environmental impact of the legislation compliance.
Zinc–carbon batteries, which contain around 20% zinc, 35% manganese oxides and 10% steel, are currently disposed after use as land fill or reprocessed to recover metals or oxides. Crushed material is subjected to magnetic separation followed by hydrometallurgical treatment of the non-magnetic material to recover zinc metal and manganese oxides. The leaching with 2M sulfuric acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide recovers 93% Zn and 82% Mn at 25°C. Alkaline leaching with 6M NaOH recovers 80% zinc. The present study shows that over 90% zinc and manganese can be leached in 20–30min at 30°C using 0.1–1.0M sulfuric acid in the presence of sulfur dioxide. The iron extraction is sensitive to both acid concentration and sulfur dioxide flow rate. The effect of reagent concentration and particle size on the extraction of zinc, manganese and iron are reported. It is shown that the iron and manganese leaching follow a shrinking core kinetic model due to the formation of insoluble metal salts/oxides on the solid surface. This is supported by (i) the decrease in iron and manganese extraction from synthetic Fe(III)–Mn(IV)–Zn(II) oxide mixtures with increase in acid concentration from 1M to 2M, and (ii) the low iron dissolution and re-precipitation of dissolved manganese and zinc during prolonged leaching of battery scrap with low sulfur dioxide.
The performance of a binder-free carbon-negative electrode was investigated using the LiCl-saturated AlCl3–1-ethyl-3-methylimizadolium chloride (EMIC)+SOCl2 melt as the electrolyte for non-flammable lithium secondary batteries. Because the glass transition point of a LiCl-saturated 60.0mol%AlCl3–40.0mol%EMIC+0.1moll−1 SOCl2 melt was −86.2°C, the melt could be used as the electrolyte in a low-temperature domain. The binder-free carbon electrode made by the electrophoretic deposition method was used as the negative electrode. Four kinds of carbon materials, i.e., artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, and hard carbon were evaluated as the carbon electrode. For 30 cycles, the discharge capacities of these electrodes were 296–395mAhg−1 and the charge–discharge efficiencies were more than 90%. The melt can be used as the electrolyte for non-flammable lithium secondary batteries and the binder-free carbon-negative electrode operates quite effectively.
Iron doped lithium titanates Li4+z-3yTi5-zFez+yO12 (0≤z+y≤0.3) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Their performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries was studied in a wide potential range (0.01 − 3V). Rietveld refinements and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy data show that iron cations occupy both tetrahedral 8a and octahedral 16d sites in the spinel structure. At that, iron occupancy of the octahedral sites is approximately twice as much as the occupancy of the tetrahedral ones. Occupancy of octahedral sites by Fe3+ ions increases after cycling. Li4+z-3yTi5-zFez+yO12 (z+y=0.2) exhibits higher electrochemical capacity at high current densities than the pristine Li4Ti5O12. Moreover, capacity of doped material increases after cycling at high current densities.
Background Strabismus is one of the most common visual disorders in infancy. While there is a great attention on the effects of the timing of surgery as to the development of binocular vision, little is known about the possible influence of congenital strabismus on perceptual-motor and more generally, on neuromotor development. Aims Aim of this study was to investigate perceptual-motor and motor coordination abilities of 19 children with essential congenital esotropia who underwent a late surgery (after 4 years), compared to 23 age-matched controls. Methods Children were tested using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC) that were performed both 1-week before surgery (T1) and about 3 months (±2 weeks) after surgery (T2). Results and conclusions At T1, abnormal or borderline results were found in more than half of the children with strabismus, as opposed to only about 17% of the controls. At T2 none of the children showed abnormal Movement ABC total scores and there was no difference in global scores between the study and the control group. The two groups also did not show any significant difference in individual items of the movement ABC with the exception of those assessing ball skills. Our results suggest that surgical correction of strabismus, even when performed after the 4th year of life, appears to be effective in improving perceptual-motor and motor function.
Mobile battery-operated devices are becoming an essential instrument for business, communication, and social interaction. In addition to the demand for an acceptable level of performance and a comprehensive set of features, users often desire extended battery lifetime. In fact, limited battery lifetime is one of the biggest obstacles facing the current utility and future growth of increasingly sophisticated “smart” mobile devices. This paper proposes a novel application-aware and user-interaction aware energy optimization middleware framework (AURA) for pervasive mobile devices. AURA optimizes CPU and screen backlight energy consumption while maintaining a minimum acceptable level of performance. The proposed framework employs a novel Bayesian application classifier and management strategies based on Markov Decision Processes and Q-Learning to achieve energy savings. Real-world user evaluation studies on Google Android based HTC Dream and Google Nexus One smartphones running the AURA framework demonstrate promising results, with up to 29% energy savings compared to the baseline device manager, and up to 5×savings over prior work on CPU and backlight energy co-optimization.
Owing to the unique structural characteristics as well as outstanding physio–chemical and electrical properties, graphene enables significant enhancement with the performance of electrospun nanofibers, leading to the generation of promising applications in electrospun-mediated sensor technologies. Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile technique relying on electrostatic repulsion between the surface charges to continuously synthesize various scalable assemblies from a wide array of raw materials with diameters down to few nanometers. Recently, electrospun nanocomposites have emerged as promising substrates with a great potential for constructing nanoscale biosensors due to their exceptional functional characteristics such as complex pore structures, high surface area, high catalytic and electron transfer, controllable surface conformation and modification, superior electric conductivity and unique mat structure. This review comprehends graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) (graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO and graphene quantum dots) impregnated electrospun polymer composites for the electro-device developments, which bridges the laboratory set-up to the industry. Different techniques in the base polymers (pre-processing methods) and surface modification methods (post-processing methods) to impregnate GNMs within electrospun polymer nanofibers are critically discussed. The performance and the usage as the electrochemical biosensors for the detection of wide range analytes are further elaborated. This overview catches a great interest and inspires various new opportunities across a wide range of disciplines and designs of miniaturized point-of-care devices.
Publisher Summary This chapter provides a checklist that summarizes some of salient points for the overall video surveillance system. These basic questions must be answered at the outset of any system design. The checklist concludes with a table that can be used as a startup questionnaire/form for the video project. The checklist has been divided to cover the general requirements and specific video equipment categories: electrical, mechanical, optical, cameras, or monitors. The video surveillance function requires a comprehensive analysis and site survey of the property and buildings to be protected. Prior to the start of any design, a detailed checklist should be generated and completed with the help of in-house security and management personnel and with outside consultants and any equipment integrators and installers that have been identified. The video project checklist form can be used as a starting point for any video surveillance application. It is divided into subsections covering the main categories of the project.