batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Genomic and proteomic analysis are potent tools for metabolic characterization of microorganisms. Although cellulose usually triggers cellulase production in cellulolytic fungi, the secretion of the different enzymes involved in polymer conversion is subjected to different factors, depending on growth conditions. These enzymes are key factors in biomass exploitation for second generation bioethanol production. Although highly effective commercial cocktails are available, they are usually deficient for β-glucosidase activity, and genera like Penicillium and Talaromyces are being explored for its production.
The effect of water contamination in the electrolyte on the performance of AC/graphite capacitor has been investigated by electrochemical tests and in situ XRD measurements. The deterioration mechanisms for the charge storage ability of the electrodes in the capacitors using polluted electrolytes have also been addressed.
Limitations of standard clinical pressure transducers have hampered our ability to provide reliable measurements of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during physical activities. To overcome these limitations, a novel intravaginal transducer (IVT) capable of accurate, reliable, and continuous IAP measurements during normal activity was developed. The design was validated through comparison with standard clinical pressure transducers in both bench top and clinical tests. The IVT demonstrated an improved dynamic response when compared to a standard rectal balloon catheter. Additionally, the radially symmetric design allows for accurate measurement within non-fluid-filled tissue cavities and simple placement within the vaginal canal. This is an advantage over sensor-tipped transducers which are only reliable in fluid-filled compartments. The IVT design presented here is preliminary to a wireless version that will allow for IAP measurement during activities outside the clinic.
LiCoO2 is synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction of cobalt salt, LiOH·H2O and suitable amount of H2O2. A series of LiCoO2 + x% S mixtures are prepared by simply mixing LiCoO2 and S powder with different LiCoO2/S weight ratios, and investigated as anode material for alkaline secondary battery. At the discharge current density of 500mAg−1, LiCoO2 +5% S mixture electrode displays the maximum discharge capacity of 320mAhg−1. Meanwhile, the LiCoO2 +10% S mixture electrode shows the most outstanding cycle performance with a capacity retention rate of over 94% after 150th charge–discharge cycles. Moreover, the charge–discharge reaction mechanism of LiCoO2 + x% S mixture electrodes is also investigated.
Developing fast-charging protocols for Li-ion batteries is a key issue for a wider deployment of electric vehicles and portable electrical devices. In this study, fast-charging of lithium iron phosphate batteries is investigated with different protocols. High charging rates are used with an extended constant current period thanks to a higher limit voltage based on the ohmic-drop compensation principle. This study shows that a compromise has to be found between the charging time and the durability of the battery. As an example a 6C charge with 57% ohmic-drop compensation allows to reach 95% of charge in 11min and the full charge in half an hour. With this protocol, more than 1500 cycles are reached before getting below 80% of state of health.
With the rapid surge of renewable energy integrations into the electrical grid, the main questions remain; how do we manage and operate optimally these surges of fluctuating resources? However, vast optimization approaches in renewable energy applications have been widely used hitherto to aid decision-makings in mitigating the limitations of computations. This paper comprehensively reviews the generic steps of stochastic optimizations in renewable energy applications, from the modelling of the uncertainties and sampling of relevant information, respectively. Furthermore, the benefits and drawbacks of the stochastic optimization methods are highlighted. Moreover, notable optimization methods pertaining to the steps of stochastic optimizations are highlighted. The aim of the paper is to introduce the recent advancements and notable stochastic methods and trending of the methods going into the future of renewable energy applications. Relevant future research areas are identified to support the transition of stochastic optimizations from the traditional deterministic approaches. We concluded based on the surveyed literatures that the stochastic optimization methods almost always outperform the deterministic optimization methods in terms of social, technical, and economic aspects of renewable energy systems. Thus, this review will catalyse the effort in advancing the research of stochastic optimization methods within the scopes of renewable energy applications.
Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery technology is one of the promising candidates for next generation energy storage systems. Many studies have focused on the cathode materials to improve the cell performance. In this work we present a series of poly (S-DVB) copolymers synthesised by inverse vulcanization of sulfur with divinylbenzene (DVB). The poly (S-DVB) cathode shows excellent cycling performances at C/2 and C/4 current rates, respectively. It was demonstrated poly (S-DVB) copolymer containing 20% DVB did not influence the electrochemical performance of the sulfur material, compared to elemental sulfur as high specific capacities over ∼700 mAh g−1 at 500 cycles were achieved at C/4 current rate, comparable to conventional carbon-based S cathodes. However, the use of copolymer network is assumed to act firstly as sulfur reservoir and secondly as mechanical stabilizer, enhancing significantly the cycling lifetime. The Li-poly (S-DVB) cell demonstrated an extremely low degradation rate of 0.04% per cycle achieving over 1600 cycles at C/2 current rate.
This research explores the recovery of metals from spent Zn–Mn or Ni–Cd batteries by a bioleaching using six Aspergillus species. Two different nutrients, malt extract and sucrose, were used to produce different types of organic acids. Oxalic acid and citric acid were shown to be the dominant organic acid in malt extract and sucrose media, respectively. In the bioleaching, the metal removal was higher in sucrose media than malt extract. All species, except A. niger KUC5254, showed more than 90% removal of metals from Zn–Mn battery. For Ni–Cd battery, more than 95% of metals was extracted by A. niger KUC5254 and A. tubingensis KUC5037. As a result, A. tubingensis KUC5037 which is a non-ochratoxigenic fungus was considered to have the greatest potential for improving the safety and efficiency of the bioleaching.
Nanoflake nickel hydroxide and reduced graphene oxide composite (Ni(OH)2/rGO) has been prepared by a facile method of homogenous coprecipitation and subsequent reduction. The measurement results demonstrate that Ni(OH)2/rGO as an anode material for lithium ion batteries has 1500 and 1110mAhg−1 for the first discharge and charge capacities, respectively, as well as 1003mAhg−1 after 40 cycles. The Ni(OH)2/rGO composite is a promising candidate for high capacity lithium ion batteries.
Information on health status, risk factors, health insurance, and health-care utilization is used to plan, conduct, and evaluate public health programs, to inform policies, regulations, and legislation, and to conduct research to better understand the determinants and consequences of health and health care. Health is a social as well as a biologic concept, and health surveys address all aspects of health and health care. Major topics covered include the conceptualization and measurement of health status and the determinants of health, summary measures of health, health-care utilization, and health behaviors. Survey design issues discussed include sampling, data linkage, data quality, and the protection of privacy and confidentiality.
Retinoic acid mediates most of the biological actions of vitamin A. It is oxidized by CYP26A1 to 4-oxoretinoic acid, considered as an inactive catabolite of retinoic acid. However, in the light of studies reporting the presence of 4-oxoretinal or 4-oxoretinol as the predominant retinoids during morphogenesis, we analyzed the retinoid-like biological activity of these oxoretinoids in mouse skin in vivo. Topical 4-oxoretinal and 4-oxoretinol promoted significant epidermal hyperplasia and metaplasia in mouse tail. They induced a moderate response for epidermal inflammation, compared with retinal, whereas neither 4-oxoretinal nor 4-oxoretinol prevented menadione-induced epidermal lipid peroxidation, unlike retinal and retinol. As analyzed by quantitative PCR, 4-oxoretinal and 4-oxoretinol did not reproduce the significant increased expression of genes coding for keratin 4, amphiregulin, heparin-EGF and CYP26A1, that did induce retinal and retinol. However, both retinal and 4-oxoretinal significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation of human dendritic cells in vitro. As analyzed in vivo and in vitro, 4-oxoretinal and 4-oxoretinol were not converted into retinoic acid. We conclude that 4-oxoretinal and 4-oxoretinol exert a moderate direct retinoid-like activity in vivo, thus confirming previous in vitro studies in amphibians showing 4-oxometabolites of vitamin A as bioactive agents rather than inactive catabolites.
Zn-air batteries, which are cost-effective and have high energy density, are promising energy storage devices for renewable energy and power sources for electric transportation. Nevertheless, limited charge and discharge cycles and low round-trip efficiency have long been barriers preventing the large-scale deployment of Zn-air batteries in the marketplace. Technology advancements for each battery component and the whole battery/cell assembly are being pursued, with some key milestones reached during the past 20 years. As an example, commercial Zn-air battery products with long lifetimes and high energy efficiencies are being considered for grid-scale energy storage and for automotive markets. In this review, we present our perspectives on improvements in Zn-air battery technology through the exploration and utilization of different electrolyte systems. Recent studies ranging from aqueous electrolytes to nonaqueous electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes and ionic liquids, as well as hybrid electrolyte systems adopted in Zn-air batteries have been evaluated. Understanding the benefits and drawbacks of each electrolyte, as well as the fundamental electrochemistry of Zn and air electrodes in different electrolytes, are the focus of this paper. Further consideration is given to detailed Zn-air battery configurations that have been studied and applied in commercial or nearing commercial products, with the purpose of exposing state-of-the-art technology innovations and providing insights into future advancements.
Due to its weight and toxicity, Pb is usually not considered as possible anode for Li- and Na-ion (NIBs) batteries. Nevertheless the toxicity is related to specific applications and its recycling is more than 99% which is one of the highest recycling rates on the planet where no other power source is utilized in more applications with such sustainability. For this reason, we have investigated micrometric lead particles as electrode for NIBs in an ether-based electrolyte (1 M NaPF6 in diglyme). The cyclability, coulombic efficiency and rate capability of lead were unexpected. A high loaded lead electrode with 98%wt of Pb and only 1% of carbon additive showed i) a capacity retention of 464 mA h/g after 50 cycles with only 1.5% of capacity loss, which represents a high volumetric capacity of 5289 mA h/cm3 due to the high density of Pb and ii) a very interesting capacity retention even at high current rate (1950 mA/g). In situ XRD study confirmed a sodiation–desodiation process in four steps. Preliminary tests in Pb//Na3V2(PO4)2F3 full cells showed promising results demonstrating that Pb could be a practical candidate for future high energy density Na-ion batteries with an efficient sodiated or non sodiated positive electrode.
This paper first derives a model to describe a class of Na–metal–halide secondary batteries, using molten sodium as the anode, NASICON as the sodium-ion-conducting separator, and copper-iodide chemistry in an aqueous electrolyte for the cathode. The model is based upon solving transient conservation equations using a Nernst–Planck–Poisson (NPP) formulation. The broad objective is to develop a predictive model that can assist the design and development of large-scale grid-storage batteries. However, the model-predicted results and discussion are focused on a laboratory-scale battery. Several examples are discussed, considering the effects of current density and catholyte molar concentrations on battery performance.
The role of catalysts in vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) has been studied by introducing bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles on carbon felt (CF) and graphite felt (GF). The electrocatalytic activity and VFBs performance of CF and GF before and after modification with Bi nanoparticles are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and VFB single cell charge–discharge test. The results show that CF exhibits the much higher electrocatalytic activity than GF, due to its higher amount of C–OH and quaternary nitrogen groups and more defect sites. Bi nanoparticles can effectively improve the electrocatalytic activity of CF and GF, especially GF, towards V2+/V3+ redox couple in VFBs. As a result, energy efficiency of a VFB with GF electrodes can be improved significantly by modification with Bi due to the dramatically reduced electrochemical polarization. However, the energy efficiency of a VFB with CF electrodes rarely changes after introduction of Bi nanoparticles, due to the fact that dominant limitation in a VFB with CF electrodes is ohmic polarization, and the reduced charge transfer resistance is not enough to improve the performance of this VFB remarkably. Therefore, CF is a more suitable electrode material for commercialized VFBs due to its higher electrocatalytic activity and lower cost.
The paper defines the methods for maintenance of maximum density (Nmax) in respect of the freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) fingerlings (larvae/juveniles), a prospective model organism for aquaculture. The question of optimal maintenance of the fingerlings has been addressed in the present study, considering the following parameters: (1) the ratio between the total area on which the fingerlings are being grown, and the area occupied by one individual, and (2) the planting density dependence on the specific growth rate of differently aged individuals (Cw). Analysis of our results shows that the Nmax values decrease significantly with the growth of individuals (4167, 2222 and 617 ind. m−2 for 30, 65 and 120 days old fingerlings, respectively). The values of Cw for individuals at the age of 30 days, however, do not depend on rearing density within the range of 300–1500 ind. m−2. A linear decrease in Cw is observed in density gradient for older ages. The density at which Cw becomes equal to zero is 3553 ind. m−2 for 65 days old fingerlings, and 1307 ind. m−2 for the 120 days old ones. The revealed differences (with respect to growth rates and planting densities in different age groups) may presumably be caused by the influence of the specific mechanisms of an intra-populational regulation, tenable with the conditions of high densities of fingerlings.
In a battery pack, cell-to-cell chemical variation, or the variation in operating conditions, can possibly lead to current imbalance which can accelerate pack ageing. In this paper, the Pseudo-Two-Dimensional(P2D) porous electrode model is extended to a battery pack layout, to predict the overall behaviour and the cell-to-cell variation under constant voltage charging and discharging. The algorithm used in this model offers the flexibility in extending the layout to any number of cells in a pack, which can be of different capacities, chemical characteristics and physical dimensions. The coupled electro-thermal effects such as differential cell ageing, temperature variation, porosity change and their effects on the performance of the pack, can be predicted using this modelling algorithm. The pack charging voltage is found to have an impact on the performance as well as the SEI layer growth. Numerical studies are conducted by keeping the cells at different thermal conditions and the results show the necessity to increase the heat transfer coefficient to cool the pack, compared to single cell. The results show that the thermal imbalance has more impact than the change in inter-connecting resistance on the split current distribution, which accelerates the irreversible porous filling and ageing.
Hurricanes can pose a greater threat for small islands if larger and more frequent storms are the future reality due to climate change. Apart from property damage, hurricanes can damage natural coastal communities and wash solid waste into coastal waters and wetlands. Our goal was to develop a rapid, synoptic survey method to evaluate what happens to the coasts of small islands after hurricanes. This study reports on the development of a hurricane rapid ecological assessment method (H-REA) that was carried out on small islands in collaboration with local communities. The H-REA focused on property damage, vegetation damage, flooding, coastal erosion, and solid waste accumulation in the coastal environment. The H-REA method was developed to evaluate the hurricane damage from Hurricane Matthew in 2016 and then applied to assess Hurricane Irma’s damage to both the built and natural environments in 2017. The H-REA proved to be an important tool for the rapid assessment of 2017 hurricane impacts on the southern Bahamian islands; results are shown for Great Exuma. The H-REA results highlighted the variability of damage across the islands as well as the value of coastal set-backs and protected coastal wetlands in reducing both property damage and the amount of solid waste, including plastics, entering the coastal oceans. A spatial database was established to visualize the patterns of building damage, flooding, and vegetation loss; the spatial database allows for the assessment of damage from successive hurricanes.
This study analyzes the effect of increased thermal conductivity in energy storage, using paraffin wax with 8% w/w of aluminum foils, obtained from waste materials. Three configurations previously not published of the aluminum foil were tested: stripes, horizontal perforated disks and vertical perforated foils. The aluminum foils doubled the thermal conductivity, achieving values of 0.63 W/mK, without significant statistical influence of the metallic configuration inside this material. Solidification time depended on the configuration of the aluminum foils, where differences of up to 38% were detected between horizontal perforated disks and stripes. The equations for the solidification process were numerically solved in Matlab using the finite volume method, finding good agreement for the simulated output air temperature when compared with experimental values (relative error <10 %). Later, a thermal energy accumulator was designed and assessed, which consisted of 12 cans with paraffin wax, using the horizontal perforated disks configuration. The energy stored by the phase change material was removed with air velocities between 0.5 − 1.5 m/s, reaching efficiencies close to 90% for the maximum air velocity.
This paper proposes a new control and power management strategy for a grid-connected microgrid, which includes a hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) system and a three-phase load. The HRES system consists of a photovoltaic (PV), a battery storage system (BSS), a super-capacitor (SC) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The dynamic model of each of these units is described. The PV is the main energy source, while the SC and the BSS due to their various power densities are considered to provide a steady and transient load demand, respectively. For increasing the reliability of the system, SOFC source is selected to keep the BSS completely charged. All these units with different DC-DC converters are connected in parallel to a common DC bus. Then, a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is employed to convert the DC voltage to AC. To maintain the power balance and appropriate load-sharing, an adaptive fractional fuzzy sliding mode control (AFFSMC) strategy for VSI-based HRES system is presented. The controller is able to track the pre-defined instruction precisely and quickly in the microgrid. For stable performance of the control strategy under load variation, a fractional order-based sliding surface is considered. Moreover, fractional adaptive rules-based fuzzy sets are employed to accurately estimate the uncertain parameters in the microgrid. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of an AFFSMC strategy under various faults and different loading conditions. Moreover, the proposed control strategy is compared with the conventional PI controller.
Variability and intermittency are some of the main features that characterize renewable energy sources. Intermittency usually includes both predictable and unpredictable variations. The many drawbacks of intermittency of renewable sources can be overcome by considering some special design considerations. Integrating more than one renewable energy source and including backup sources and storage systems are among the few measures to overcome these drawbacks. These additional design considerations usually increase the overall cost of the renewable system. Furthermore, the presence of more than one energy supply/storage system requires the control of energy flow among the various sources. Therefore, optimizing the size of the components and adopting an energy management strategy (EMS) are essential to decreasing the cost of the system and limiting its negative effects. The energy management strategy is commonly integrated with optimization to ensure the continuity of load supply and to decrease the cost of energy production. Therefore, energy management is a term that collects all the systematic procedures to control and minimize the quantity and the cost of energy used to provide a certain application with its requirements. The energy management strategy usually depends on the type of energy system and its components. Various approaches and techniques have been used to develop a successful energy management strategy. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the approaches proposed and used by authors of many papers is conducted. These approaches include both the standalone hybrid renewable energy systems and the grid-connected hybrid renewable systems. More attention is focused on popularly used techniques to address the features of each system. The selected papers in this review cover the various configurations of the hybrid renewable energy systems for electric power generation only.
The effect of crowding on the identification of words was examined in normal readers and subjects with developmental dyslexia. In Experiment 1, a matching task was used. Words were presented either alone or embedded in other words. Vocal reaction times (RT) of dyslexics were slower and more sensitive to the presence of the surrounding stimuli than those of control subjects. Similar results were obtained in a control experiment using the same task for strings of symbols (isolated or crowded) instead of words. These data indicate that differences in crowding in control and dyslexic subjects arise at a pre-linguistic level. In Experiment 2, vocal RTs to word reading were measured. Two conditions putatively reducing the effect of crowding were tested: increasing inter-letter spacing and blurring. A moderate increase of inter-letter spacing produced faster vocal RTs in dyslexics, while no effect was present in normal controls. Moderate blurring of stimuli did not change dyslexics' RTs, while normal readers became slower. Group and individual results are discussed to evaluate the extent to which crowding contributes to the genesis of developmental dyslexia.