batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Smart multi-energy systems based on distributed polygeneration power plants have gained increasing attention for having shown the capability of significant primary energy savings and reduced CO2 pollutant emissions due to the high renewable energy sources penetration. Compared to the traditional power plants, the large variability in the end-user demands (electricity, heat and cold energy), coupled with the uncertainty in the solar and wind energy availability, require the adoption of energy storage systems for dampening the intermittency problems and for performing peak shaving. In a multi-energy system, energy storage technologies typically exist in the form of electrochemical energy and thermal energy storage. Costs and technological limits of energy storage systems are the key parameters that influence the optimal design and operation of the system. In this paper, by adopting an in-house developed simulation tool (©E-OPT) based on mixed integer quadratic programming, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out for investigating the techno-economic impact of different storage technologies (i.e. lithium-ion, Vanadium redox, ice and phase change material thermal storage) for optimally designing and operating a multi-energy system. Two case studies, characterized by electricity and peak cooling demand of 1600 kWe and 3000 kWc respectively, have been assessed and the results of master-planning and optimal dispatch discussed for two scenarios, grid-connected and island mode. The results show that multi-energy systems which include combined heat and power units, solar PVs and energy storage systems lead to achieve more than 1.1 $M and 4.5 $M savings in net present value and 15% and 25% reduction in CO2 emissions, when compared with traditional power plant generation.
Autonomous polygeneration microgrids (APM) are a relatively new approach in covering specific needs like power, potable water and fuel for transportation, in remote areas. This approach has been proved to be technically feasible nowadays and even present itself as an economically viable investment. The initial management system built for this approach is a simple ON/OFF supervisor which can make the APM operate, but not in an optimal way. The devices cannot be operated in part load and as a consequence there is little room for optimization. A combined fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs)–petri nets (PN) approach has been developed for the energy management of such a system. The PN is used as an activator in the fuzzy cognitive map structure so as to enable different FCMs to be activated depending on the state of the microgrid. This combination forms an integrated approach to the energy management of the microgrid. Using this approach considerable optimization in the design and operation of the microgrid is possible. A methodology for simultaneous and interactive optimization of the energy management system along with the sizing of the various devices of the actual microgrid is implemented. A software platform consisting of TRNSYS, TRNOPT and GenOPT software packages was used for simulation and optimization. Particle swarm optimization is applied both for the sizing of the system and the optimization of the FCM weights and PN parameters. Two microgrids were designed, one based on the FCM–PN energy management system (FPEMS) and one on the ON/OFF approach. The results show that FPEMS manages the energy flows more effectively throughout the year which leads to a considerable decrease in the sizing of the various components of the microgrid.
The abundance of sodium and potassium elements in the earth has trigged great research interests in Na-ion and K-ion batteries. Compared to Li-ion batteries, slashed fabrication cost has been predicated for Na-ion and K-ion batteries, making them promising candidates for stationary energy storage. Potassium ion has a much larger radius than that of lithium ion, which would lead to a more severe volume change during K ions insertion. An intriguing question is whether the electrode optimization strategies developed in Li-ion batteries could be extended to K-ion batteries. In this study, Sb is used as a model alloy anode to explore the effect of nanocarbon incorporation on the cyclic stability. Through the preparation of Sb/reduced graphene oxide composite electrode, a reversible capacity of over 300 mAh/g is obtained with decent capacity retention. In contrast, neat Sb shows a fast capacity fading due to the volume expansion during alloying with K ions. This study suggests that the preparation of alloy/nanocarbon composite remains an effective approach in developing advanced anodes for K-ion batteries.
This paper firstly reported a simple route to prepare SnO2 mesoporous spheres for lithium ion battery. Mesoporous SnO2 spheres in range of 100–300nm were prepared by primary reaction at 353K for 30min, and calcination process at 773K, which could be scaled up for manufacturing. The nano-size effect of the small particle and the 3D mesoporous structure promoted the electrolyte and lithium ion transfer and suppressed the volume changes, which greatly enhanced the cycle performances. As the anode material, it could deliver 761mAhg−1 capacity after 50 cycles at the current density of 200mAg−1. Even at 2Ag−1, it retained 480mAhg−1 after 50 cycles. Furthermore, we suggested that the high stability of the structure was responsible for the improved cycle properties.
Dogs are popular pets and they cooperate with humans in various ways. Despite this close relationship little scientific evidence has been gathered on individual differences in dogs. In such research questionnaire studies and behavior tests are utilised for collecting behavioral data (e.g. Dog Mentality Assessment test: Svartberg and Forkman, 2002; Socially Acceptable Behavior test: Planta and De Meester, 2007). In our study the main aim was to develop a test battery for family dogs (FIDO) which consist of short and easy-to-execute test elements focusing on the social interaction between humans and their dogs and there is no need for highly trained experimenters or complex equipments. In our study we tested two dog breeds: border collies (N = 50) and retrievers (N = 50). Dogs were characterized by three instruments: (1) Dog-ADHD Rating Scale assessing Activity-impulsivity and Inattention; (2) The Dog Big Five Inventory (DBFI) assessing Energy, Affection, Neuroticism, Intelligence and Conscientiousness; (3) sociability test for family dogs (FIDO) which consists of 14 subtests. From the behavioral variables recorded in the FIDO we developed three behavior scales: Sociability (Cronbach alpha = 0.72), Activity-impulsivity (Cronbach alpha = 0.74), Trainability and playfulness (Cronbach alpha = 0.61). We found negative correlation between the Trainability and playfulness behavior scale and the Inattention questionnaire scale (r = −0.29, P = 0.003). And also found a difference between the two breeds: border collies got higher points on Trainability and playfulness behavior scale than retrievers (P = 0.03, U = 942). Our results show that FIDO is an easy to use and appropriate mean for studying the individual differences in dogs, which could be applied at different locations and laboratories, and offers the possibility to compare different dog populations and breeds.
Herein we report the investigation on the use of guar gum and two of its derivatives as LIB positive electrodes binders. These polymers are electrochemically stable within the operating voltage of LIBs (0.01–5 V vs Li/Li+) and do not show evidence of thermal decomposition up to 200 °C. The electrochemical performance of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) electrodes made using guar gum is excellent as indicated, for instance, by the delivered capacity of 100 mAh g−1 upon 5C rate cycling. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of pristine electrodes reveal as the binder layer surrounding the active material particles is thin, resulting in the above-mentioned electrochemical performance. Full lithium-ion cells, utilizing guar gum on both positive and negative electrodes, display a stable discharge capacity of ∼110 mAh g−1 (based on cathode active material) with high coulombic efficiencies. Post-mortem investigation by XPS of cycled graphite electrodes from full lithium-ion cells revealed the formation of a thin solid electrolyte interface (SEI).
The integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/gas turbine (GT) system is an appealing power generation solution for mobile applications from energy conversion efficiency point of view. The relatively poor dynamic capabilities of the SOFC/GT system, which are often the results of system characteristics and SOFC operation safety considerations, limit their widespread applications and must be enhanced to meet safe, efficient and fast load following requirements. To this end, the SOFC/GT system can be augmented by an energy storage unit (e.g., battery) and a dual operating generator/motor (G/M). This paper focuses on investigating the G/M dual mode operation and its implications on system transient performance and battery requirements. Active shaft load control is achieved to manage the load transients through: (a) pre-conditioning of the generator power for load step-up transients; (b) absorbing the excessive power by motoring operation for load step-down transients. By taking full advantage of the bi-directional operation of G/M, we show that better trade-offs between power tracking and thermal management can be achieved, power and energy requirements for the energy storage (battery) can be reduced, and overall system performance can be enhanced.
As a potential electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, a porous polymer electrolyte membrane based on poly(vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) was prepared by a phase inversion method. The casting solution, effects of the solvent and non-solvent and addition of micron scale TiO2 particles were investigated. The membranes were characterized by SEM, XRD, AC impedance, and charge/discharge tests. By using acetone as the solvent and water as the non-solvent, the prepared membranes showed good ability to absorb and retain the lithium ion containing electrolyte. Addition of micron TiO2 particles to the polymer electrolyte was found to enhance the tensile strength, electrolyte uptake, ion conductivity and the electrolyte/electrode interfacial stability of the membrane.
Easily disposable low cost fuel cells as power sources are environmentally benign alternates to batteries for powering micro-analytical systems. In this regard, for the first time, an ethanol-dichromate fuel-oxidant microfluidic fuel cell is implemented on a paper scaffold. In this cell, a proton conducting poly (4-styrenesulfonate) based gel electrolyte enables proton transport from the anode to the cathode. Hydrothermally synthesized molybdenum oxide nanorods catalyze dichromate reduction and ethanol oxidation at the respective electrodes. A peak power density of 6.32 mWcm−2 is achieved with the catalyst. However, the cell without catalyst delivers a maximum power density of only 2.74 mWcm−2. The compositions of the catholyte and anolyte streams and molybdenum oxide loadings are optimized. A stack of two cells connected in series illuminates a 3 mm red light emitting diode for over 40 min. This real time demonstration showcases the potential of this cell as an alternative to batteries for powering micro-analytical devices.
A microgrid is particularly a portion of the power distribution system that comprises distributed generation, energy storage and loads. To be capable of operating in parallel to the grid, as an autonomous power island and in transition modes, microgrids must be robust in controlling the local voltage and frequency, and protecting the network and equipment connected to the microgrid. It also needs to facilitate demand side management and resynchronization. This paper presents a review of existing microgrid test networks around the world (North America, Europe and Asia) and some significantly different microgrid simulation networks present in the literature. Paper is focused on the test systems and available microgrid control options. A summary table comparing and contrasting the existing test systems is presented. The paper is concluded highlighting the worthy findings and possible areas of research that would enhance practical use of microgrid facilities.
The great recession has severely harmed the living conditions of many citizens in South European democracies. This article explores to what extent the deterioration of personal circumstances due to the economic crisis is related to the erosion of political trust. Previous accounts have provided scarce evidence of this sort of egotropic effects. Instead, they have underlined the role of sociotropic evaluations of the economic and political performance of institutions. However, these factors could be suspicious of endogeneity and third-variable bias. This article uses a survey fielded in the Spanish region of Catalonia that contains a novel battery of items to measure how the crisis has personally affected respondents. Latent class analysis is applied to that battery and propensity score matching is employed to estimate the causal effect of being personally affected by the crisis vis-à-vis not being affected. Results indicate that personal hardship reduces trust in institutions in turbulent economic times. Furthermore, the study of the Catalan circumstances sheds light on how attribution of blame works in a multilevel structure of governance during times of crisis. Personal economic hardship happens to decrease trust on national institutions and the EU but not on regional institutions, controlling for the ethno-national composition of the population of that region.
Neuromuscular and aerobic capacity can be reduced in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Previous studies suggest these individuals might be particularly susceptible to losing basic functions because of poor physical fitness. The aim of this study is to describe the physical fitness profile of adult athletes with ID and identify whether there are differences in the physical performance between the most physically active individuals and less active individuals. A cross-sectional observational study was developed involving 266 athletes with mild ID (187 males and 79 females), recruited from the Spanish Special Olympics Games. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the health status of participants and their frequency of physical activity practice. A battery of 13 fitness tests was applied to assess flexibility, strength/endurance, balance and cardiovascular capabilities. Of the total participants, 44.3% were classified as sportspersons and the remainder as non sportspersons, taking in consideration the frequency of physical activity. Regarding the scores, a significant difference was found in degrees of flexibility between genders, higher for females for one test but higher for males in the other three. A significant difference was not encountered between other variables of physical fitness, although the men's scores were higher in strength/endurance and balance. When the scores of the sportspersons and non sportspersons groups were compared, no significant difference was found between the two, with the exception of one test for flexibility. Differences among groups and gender were not statistically significant in most of the tests. The findings in this study illustrate an unclear and inconclusive relation between the scores and the declared level of physical activity, maybe due to the context in which participants for the study were selected.
We report herein the exceptional cycle stability of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) in aqueous electrolytes of high lithium salt concentrations. We demonstrate retention of up to 87% of the initial discharge capacity after 1500 cycles at a 1C charge–discharge rate. We also demonstrate that LCO, when in contact with each of the aqueous electrolytes tested, exhibits a high electrode potential and a large initial discharge capacity, similar to that of LCO electrochemically cycled in conventional organic electrolytes. More importantly, our systematic studies and post-mortem analyses of LCO cells reveal that the primary mechanism of LCO degradation in aqueous electrolytes is the formation of a resistive layer of cobalt(II) oxide on the particles' surfaces. We show that higher electrolyte molarity and certain salt compositions may significantly reduce the layer thickness and dramatically improve LCO stability. These findings constitute a substantial step towards development of gravimetrically and volumetrically energy dense aqueous lithium ion batteries.
A novel heteropolyacid (HPA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite electrolyte was prepared and applied as the solid electrolyte for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell. Advanced HPA–PEO composite electrolytes could be prepared by the optimized mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol (ChMe), which possessed the enhanced morphological properties, ionic conductivity and amorphicity. It is due to the presence of well-dispersed HPAs on the texture of PEO with the strong interaction between them. DSSCs fabricated with HPA–PEO/ChMe electrolyte showed significantly high photovoltaic (PV) performance with the overall conversion efficiency of 3.1%, open circuit voltage of 0.524V and a short circuit current of 9.7mA/cm2. HPA in the composite electrolytes may act as an electron acceptor to prohibit the photo-reduction of I−, resulting in the advanced photocurrent density and stability without significant decline of the PV performance for 7 days.
This article reviews recent studies on the recycling of spent lead paste and describes novel technologies. Although the pyrometallurgical process has been dominant in the secondary lead recycling processes, there has been growing pressure to achieve sustainable greener recycling methods to address the environmental pollution issues caused by emissions of lead particulates and sulfur oxides in the traditional smelting route. The electrowinning process has been studied for many years, but high energy-consumption and emissions of toxic components such as fluoride compounds have caused concerns and hindered rapid growth in industrial application. In last 10 years, many sustainable and environmental friendly processes, such as paste-to-paste recycling and hydrogen-lead oxide fuel cell method have been proposed for recycling spent lead paste from discarded lead acid batteries. Ultrafine leady oxide could be prepared from spent lead pastes via newly developed novel hydrometallurgical routes, and then applied as active materials in the cathode and the anode for making high-performance lead acid batteries. It is a green alternative for recycling of spent lead acid battery and other secondary lead.
As a potential alternative to the prevailing lithium ion batteries, the application of sodium (Na) ion batteries (NIBs) in renewable energy and smart grid have revitalized research interest for large-scale energy storage. One of the roadblocks hindering their future commercialization is the development of suitable anode materials. Herein, we present the large-scale preparation of highly uniform iron sulfide (Fe1−xS) nanostructures by a cost-effective and versatile one-step sulfurization strategy. Impressively, as a high-rate and viable sodium-ion anode, the as-prepared Fe1−xS nanostructure manifests appealing electrochemical performance (a high discharge capacity of 563mAhg−1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1 and outstanding cycling stability even at high rate of 10Ag−1 up to 2000 cycles). Moreover, the proven pseudocapacitance contribution interprets the unprecedented rate capability. Meanwhile, the sodium storage mechanism in the as-prepared samples has also been investigated by using the in-situ X-ray diffraction techniques. Remarkably, a full cell based on Na0.6Co0.1Mn0.9O2 cathode and Fe1−xS anode deliver high discharge capacity (393mAhg−1) and superior cycling stability.
An efficient ORR/OER catalyst was developed by anchoring highly dispersed bimetallic PdM (M = Fe, Co, Ni) alloy nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO). This new type of catalyst exhibited excellent ORR/OER activity, and the addition of transition metals also significantly improved catalytic stability, with the catalyst containing Fe (PdFe/N-rGO) exhibiting the best stability. A battery using this PdFe/N-rGO catalyst was capable of long-term stable cycling for 400 cycles (2000 h) with a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 400 mA g−1, which was much longer than a battery with Pd/N-rGO as the catalyst (only 80 cycles, 400 h). We attribute the high performance of these catalysts to the high surface area of N-rGO, the anchoring of highly dispersed Pd alloy nanoparticles, and the prevention of Pd alloy nanoparticle aggregation and dissolution by the presence of the transition metals.
The poor electrochemical performance of LiMnPO4 nanoplates relative to that of isostructural LiFePO4 is clarified. LiMnPO4 nanoplates ca. 2 mm in diameter and 50 mm thick were prepared by a single solvothermal method. The [010] 1D Li+ diffusion path lies in the plane of the platelets, and the two-phase LiMnPO4/MnPO4 interface intersects the [010] direction. A 10% volume change and a cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion of the Mn3+ sites in the MnPO4 phase introduces a large strain across the interface that impedes the rate of interface motion and therefore the rate of Li extraction/insertion. Nevertheless, a capacity of 107.5 mAh g−1 at the C/20 rate had a capacity fade of only 0.08% per cycle LiFePO4 platelets, on the other hand, have the [010] 1D Li+ diffusion paths perpendicular to the platelets and the LiFePO4 interface parallel to the [010] direction, which leaves short diffusion lengths that are not blocked by structural changes.
Modeling of batteries in photovoltaic systems has been a major issue related to the random dynamic regime imposed by the changes of solar irradiation and ambient temperature added to the complexity of battery electrochemical and electrical behaviors. However, various approaches have been proposed to model the battery behavior by predicting from detailed electrochemical, electrical or analytical models to high-level stochastic models. In this paper, an improvement of dynamic electrical battery model is proposed by automatic parameter extraction using genetic algorithm in order to give usefulness and future implementation for practical application. It is highlighted that the enhancement of 21 values of the parameters of CEIMAT model presents a good agreement with real measurements for different modes like charge or discharge and various conditions.
Multilayered films of cobalt oxyhydroxide nanowires (CoOOHNW) and exfoliated manganese oxide nanosheet (MONS) are fabricated by potentiostatic deposition and electrostatic self-assembly on indium-tin oxide coated glass substrates. The morphology and chemical composition of these films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and the potential application as electrochemical supercapacitors are investigated using cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge measurements. These ITO/CoOOHNW/MONS multilayered film electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical capacitance properties, including high specific capacitance (507Fg−1) and long cycling durability (less 2% capacity loss after 5000 charge/discharge cycles). These characteristics indicate that these newly developed films may find important application for electrochemical capacitors.