batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This research develops models and simulations of technical performance, net emission reductions, and discounted market values of thirteen small-scale (≤6 kWe) renewable energy projects. The research uses a simple methodology suitable for small private entities and governments to compare alternative investment options for both climate change mitigation and adaptation in the southwest of Western Australia. The system simulation and modelling results indicate that privately-owned, small-scale, grid-connected renewable energy systems were not competitive options for private entities relative to sourcing electricity from electricity networks, despite subsidies. The total discounted capital and operating costs, combined with the minimal mitigation potentials of the small-scale renewable energy systems resulted in unnecessarily high electricity costs and equivalent carbon prices, relative to grid-connection and large-scale clean energy systems. In contrast, this research suggests that small-scale renewable energy systems are cost-effective for both private entities and governments and exhibit good mitigation potentials when installed in remote locations far from the electricity network, mostly displacing diesel capacity.
A new layered type lithium nickel manganese vanadium oxide with the composition of LiNi1/2Mn1/3V1/6O2 was synthesized by rheological phase reaction method. The morphology, structural and electrochemical behavior were characterized by means of SEM, X-ray diffraction analysis and electrochemical charge–discharge tests. Phase-pure LiNi1/2Mn1/3V1/6O2 was obtained when the mixed precursors of Ni–Mn–V–O composite oxide and LiOH were calcined at 800°C for 30h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure the oxidation states of Ni, Mn and V. It is found that the submicro-sized LiNi1/2Mn1/3V1/6O2 delivers an initial discharge capacity of 142mAh/g in the cut-off voltage of 2.5–4.8V, and exhibits good cycle performance.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) along with cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been applied as a tool for the mechanistic investigation of methanol oxidation on nanoparticulate PtRu fuel cell anodes of a commercially available state of the art membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The spectra could be fitted to a circuit derived analytically for multi-step single adsorbed intermediate reactions. The analysis has indicated that methanol adsorption and surface blocking occur below the onset and the surface is ‘poisoned’ to the highest degree just before the onset, implying that the removal of residues before the onset, if any, is slower compared to the formation. The onset potential is marked by a sudden change in the mechanism as the impedance becomes pseudoinductive. It has also been demonstrated that EIS can be applied for analyzing and singling out different contributions behind electrode performance for methanol oxidation reaction under fuel cell operating condition.
Advertisement-embedded mobile applications have been reported to consume a non-trivial amount of energy. Although a few studies have focused on the energy consumption of mobile advertisements (ads), no previous work has addressed the mobile ad ecosystem, which consists of users, application developers, and ad providers. In this paper, we define the advertisement energy information (AEI) required for the mobile ad ecosystem, and we propose a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to provide AEI that considers various requirements of the underlying ecosystem. To realize the APIs, we developed a system service in Android to collect the AEI accurately and with low overhead. The experiment results show the validity of the proposed scheme, and the case studies demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed APIs.
The regular and yttrium-doped spherical β-phase nickel hydroxides were synthesized by means of chemically co-precipitation. The yttrium-doping with long needle-like nanocrystallites observed by TEM promoted the formation of the spherical nickel hydroxide with the larger diameter of about 5μm. The discharge capacity of the yttrium-doped spherical nickel hydroxide was measured to be slightly lower than that of the regular spherical nickel hydroxide at room temperature. At temperatures of above 50°C, however, the discharge capacity of the yttrium-doped nickel hydroxide is much higher than that of the regular spherical nickel hydroxide. The improvement of discharge capacity at elevated temperatures was contributed to the increase of the charge acceptance of yttrium-doped nickel hydroxide. The formation of an yttrium-rich surface layer on nickel hydroxide particles raised the oxygen evolution over-potential, leading to performance improvements of the nickel hydroxide electrode. The improvement of high temperature charge acceptance of yttrium-doped nickel hydroxide remarkably contributed to the high temperature charge–discharge efficiency of the nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries with a commercial AAA size.
Properties of supporting electrolytes and solvents were examined for use with vanadium acetylacetonate – a member of the class of metal(β-diketonate) active species – in non-aqueous redox flow batteries. Twenty supporting-electrolyte/solvent combinations were screened for ionic conductivity and supporting-electrolyte solubility. Hexane, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylcarbonate solvents did not meet minimal conductivity and solubility criteria for any of the electrolytes used, which included tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, and (1-butyl, 3-methyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Ionic conductivities and solubilities for solutions of these electrolytes passed screening criteria in acetonitrile and dimethylformamide solvents, in which maximum supporting-electrolyte and active-species solubilities were determined. Active-species electrochemistry was found to be reversible in several solvent/support systems; for some systems the voltammetric signatures of unwanted side reactions were suppressed. Correlations between supporting-solution properties and performance metrics suggest that an optimal solvent for a vanadium acetylacetonate RFB should have a low solvent molar volume for active-species solubility, and a high Hansen polarity for conductivity.
This article deals with the study of the electrochemical performances and the lithium insertion-deinsertion mechanism by mean of 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy of NbSn2. The first discharge shows a plateau at 0.05 V vs. Li + /Li0 corresponding to a displacement reaction with the formation of Li7Sn2. A specific capacity of 487 mAh/g can be reached during this first discharge.
The performance of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 is shown to be improved by fluorine doping via a modified low-temperature method. Scanning electron microscopy shows that fluorine doping catalyzes the growth of the primary particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that all the synthesized materials have typical hexagonal structure without impurities. The lattice parameters calculated from the XRD data by Rietveld refinement methods indicate that the interslab spacing distance is enlarged by fluorine doping. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that fluorine atoms are preferentially enriched on the surface of the particle. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the valence state of nickel ions at the surface is lowered. The cycling performance of modified samples at room temperature, at high temperature (55°C), and at high upper cut-off potentials is improved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that fluorine doping could lower the impedance rise during cycling and suppress the degradation of the cathode material.
A method to directly collect negatively charged nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in the biosamples simply by applying an electric field in between the sample and collection buffer separated by the nanofilter membrane is proposed. The nanofilter membrane was made of low-stress silicon nitride with a thickness of 100 nm, and multiple pores were perforated in a highly arranged pattern using nanoimprint technology with a pore size of 200 nm and a pore density of 7.22 × 108/cm2. The electrophoretic transport of hsa-mir-93-5p across the membrane was confirmed in pure microRNA (miRNA) mimic solution using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Consistency of the collected miRNA quantity, stability of the system during the experiment, and yield and purity of the prepared sample were discussed in detail to validate the effectiveness of the electrical protocol. Finally, in order to check the applicability of this method to clinical samples, liquid biopsy process was demonstrated by evaluating the miRNA levels in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy controls. This efficient system proposed a simple, physical idea in preparation of nucleic acid from biosamples, and demonstrated its compatibility to biological downstream applications such as qRT-PCR as the conventional nucleic acid extraction protocols.
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the preferred power source for consumer electronic devices, but the cost and toxicity of many cathode materials limit their scale-up. Worldwide research efforts are addressing this concern by transitioning from conventional Co- and Ni-based intercalation hosts towards Fe- and Mn-based alternatives. The unfavorable energetics of the Fe2+/3+redox couple and limited Li-insertion capacities render the use of iron oxides impractical. We address this limitation with the defect spinel ferrite γ-Fe2O3 as a model structure for Li-ion insertion by replacing a fraction of the Fe3+ sites with highly oxidized Mo6+ to generate cation vacancies that shift the onset of Li-ion insertion to more positive potentials as well as increase capacity. In the present study, native and Mo-substituted iron oxides are synthesized via base-catalyzed precipitation in aqueous media, yielding nanocrystalline spinel materials that also exhibit short-range disorder characteristic of a proton-stabilized structure. The Mo-substituted ferrite reported herein is estimated to have ∼3× as many cation vacancies as γ-Fe2O3 with a corresponding increase in the Li-ion capacity to >100 mA h g−1 between 4.1 and 2.0 V vs.Li/Li+. This dual enhancement in capacity and insertion potential will enable these and related defect spinel ferrites to be explored as positive electrode materials for lithium batteries, while retaining the cost advantages of a material whose metal composition is still predominately iron based.
In this paper, the control theory is applied to assist the estimation of state of health (SoH) which is a key parameter to battery management. Battery can be treated as a system, and the internal state, e.g. SoH, can be observed through certain system output data. Based on the philosophy of human health and athletic ability estimation, variables from a specific process, which is a constant current charge subprocess, are obtained to depict battery SoH. These variables are selected according to the differential geometric analysis of battery terminal voltage curves. Moreover, the relationship between the differential geometric properties and battery SoH is modelled by the group method of data handling (GMDH) polynomial neural network. Thus, battery SoH can be estimated by GMDH with inputs of voltage curve properties. Experiments have been conducted on different types of Li-ion battery, and the results show that the proposed method is valid for SoH estimation.
In this study, a lithium lanthanum titanate (LLT) thin film electrolyte was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, in order to assess its potential use in solid state thin film batteries. Even though the LLT has high ionic conductivity, it cannot be used alone as a thin film electrolyte since it is chemically unstable when it comes into contact with Li metal and it has a high electronic conductivity. Lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) is stable when in contact with Li and has an extremely low electronic conductivity. We expected that the LiPON/LLT/LiPON structure would make it possible to use a LLT thin film as a thin film solid electrolyte. In order to prepare this structure, a LiPON thin film was also deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and was deposited for various times (30, 60, 90 and 120min), in order to determine the optimum thickness ratio between LLT and LiPON. In linear sweep voltammetry measurements, the current hardly flowed in the potential range from 0 to 5.5V in the blocking electrode and ac impedance was measured for measuring the resistance at LiPON/LLT/LiPON. When only the LLT thin film was deposited, a current of scores of mA flowed in the operating potential range, but when an interlayer of LiPON thin film was deposited for more than 30min on both sides of the LLT thin film, the current was less than 1μA. Ionic conductivities of 1.11, 0.82 and 0.48×10−7 Scm−1 were observed for the deposition times of the LiPON thin film of 60, 90 and 120min, respectively. This result suggests that the LiPON/LLT/LiPON structure might be able to be used as a thin film solid electrolyte if its ionic conductivity could be improved.
Hydrogen fuel cell performance of sulfonated diels alder poly(phenylene) (SDAPP) with IECs≥1.8meqg−1 is comparable to Nafion 212 under fully humidified conditions at 80°C. However, as relative humidity is reduced, performance loss is substantial for SDAPP when compared to Nafion 212. This loss can be attributed to the large drop in proton conductivity in SDAPP as relative humidity is reduced; the proton conductivity of SDAPP with an IEC of 2.3meqg−1 dropped from 0.117Scm−1 to 0.001Scm−1 as the relative humidity was reduced from 100% to 25% at 80°C. Methanol fuel cell experiments using 3M methanol result in a 60mV performance improvement at 25mAcm−2 when using SDAPP with an IEC of 1.2meqg−1 instead of Nafion 212. This improvement is due to lower methanol permeability of SDAPP (1.4meqg−1) over Nafion 212, with SDAPP films having methanol permeabilities less than 25% of Nafion 212.
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit various math difficulties which can be ascribed both to global intelligence level and/or to their atypical cognitive profile. In this light, it is crucial to investigate whether DS display deficits in basic numerical skills. In the present study, individuals with DS and two groups of typically developing (TD) children matched for mental and chronological age completed two delayed match-to-sample tasks in order to evaluate the functioning of visual enumeration skills. Children with DS showed a specific deficit in the discrimination of small numerosities (within the subitizing range) with respect to both mental and chronological age matched TD children. In contrast, the discrimination of larger numerosities, though lower than that of chronological age matched controls, was comparable to that of mental age matched controls. Finally, counting was less fluent but the understanding of cardinality seemed to be preserved in DS. These results suggest a deficit of the object tracking system underlying the parallel individuation of small numerosities and a typical – but developmentally delayed – acuity of the approximate number system for discrimination of larger numerosities.
Background While antipsychotics are effective in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia they have safety and tolerability risks. We investigated whether a combination of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω−3 PUFAs) and a metabolic antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), is effective in preventing relapse after antipsychotic discontinuation in subjects who were successfully treated for 2–3years after a first-episode of schizophrenia, schizo-affective or schizophreniform disorder. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study antipsychotic treatment was tapered and discontinued and participants received either ω−3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid 2g/day and docosahexaenoic acid 1g/day)+α-LA 300mg/day or placebo. Subjects were followed up for two years, or until relapse. Results Recruitment was terminated prematurely due to the high relapse rates in both treatment groups as well as the severity of some of the relapse episodes. Of the 33 participants, 19/21(90%) randomized to ω−3 PUFAs+α-LA relapsed and one (5%) completed two years without relapse (p =0.6); and 9/12 (75%) randomized to placebo relapsed and none completed two years without relapse. Mean times to relapse were 39.8±25.4 and 38.3±26.6weeks for the ω−3 PUFAs+α-LA and placebo groups, respectively (p =0.9). There were no significant differences between the groups in relapse symptom severity. Conclusions We found no evidence that ω−3 PUFAs+α-LA could be a suitable alternative to maintenance antipsychotic treatment in relapse prevention, in this small study. Antipsychotic discontinuation after a single episode of schizophrenia carries a very high risk of relapse, and treatment guidelines endorsing this practice should be revised.
ZnAl-layered double hydroxide with silver additive (Ag/ZnAl-LDH) composites with a plate-like structure were fabricated by a facile silver mirror reaction and their electrochemical performance had been evaluated as anode materials for Ni-Zn secondary batteries. Structure and morphology analysis showed that silver additive was dispersed on the surface of ZnAl-LDH nanosheets. Electrochemical performances were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. The results of charge–discharge tests showed that silver additive could improve the cycle performance and discharge capability of ZnAl-LDH as anode materials for Ni-Zn secondary batteries. Further analysis (such as CV and EIS) indicated that the improved electrochemical performance caused by silver additive was associated with the enhancement of electrical conductivity of the material and the lower polarization of the cell.
The optimum culture conditions of the local strain Chaetoceros calcitrans were determined to improve biomass and reduce cost of production. Under outdoor culture conditions, higher cell density was attained when the cultures were enriched with Tungkang Marine Research Laboratory (TMRL) medium composed of cheap technical grade reagents and cultured at 25 g L−1 salinity. The cultures were lighted with two 40 W cool-white GE fluorescent tubes (24–35 μmol photon m−2 s−1). Using semi-continuous culture system under established optimum culture conditions, C. calcitrans can be re-cultured thrice and concentrated at each culture cycle using electrolytic flocculation method to produce 4.6 kg m−3 of diatom paste. The viability of concentrated C. calcitrans after 3 months of storage was comparable to live diatom cells. Simple preservation technique by low-temperature storage is convenient for storing algal concentrates for use as starter cultures and for feeding invertebrates. The paste costs USD 8.24 kg−1 inclusive of the assets and flocculation materials for culturing and harvesting the diatom, respectively. This study established the suitable conditions for mass culture of C. calcitrans and produced concentrated diatoms in paste form that is readily available for aquaculture hatcheries at a lower cost.
In support of a project on porcine cysticercosis in Tanzania, an educational video was prepared to inform the rural communities on the health risks and prevention of the parasitic disease. This paper describes the process involved in making the video, especially the importance of establishing a good understanding between veterinary public health officials and the video producer. Important steps in the process include determining the target audience, the film's core message, the construction of the ‘story’, script development, the filming and editing activities, and, importantly, the development of strategies for production and use of the film as extension material. Suggestions on logistical and technical aspects of filming and viewing are also discussed. The experience gained in Tanzania will be of value to others planning similar projects elsewhere.
In medical systems for patient’s authentication, keeping biometric data secure is a general problem. Many studies have presented various ways of protecting biometric data especially finger vein biometric data. Thus, It is needs to find better ways of securing this data by applying the three principles of information security aforementioned, and creating a robust verification system with high levels of reliability, privacy and security. Moreover, it is very difficult to replace biometric information and any leakage of biometrics information leads to earnest risks for example replay attacks using the robbed biometric data. In this paper presented criticism and analysis to all attempts as revealed in the literature review and discussion the proposes a novel verification secure framework based confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) standard in triplex blockchain-particle swarm optimization (PSO)-advanced encryption standard (AES) techniques for medical systems patient’s authentication. Three stages are performed on discussion. Firstly, proposes a new hybrid model pattern in order to increase the randomization based on radio frequency identification (RFID) and finger vein biometrics. To achieve this, proposed a new merge algorithm to combine the RFID features and finger vein features in one hybrid and random pattern. Secondly, how the propose verification secure framework are followed the CIA standard for telemedicine authentication by combination of AES encryption technique, blockchain and PSO in steganography technique based on proposed pattern model. Finally, discussed the validation and evaluation of the proposed verification secure framework.
Research on different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results regarding the nature of cognitive deficits. Whereas some studies report significant differences between subtypes, others fail to report these differences. In fact, the majority of studies in the field of ADHD does not differentiate between subtypes at all. The present study adopted the cognitive task of negating valence to compare the DSM-defined ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C; n = 25), the inattentive subtype (ADHD-I; n = 25) and the control group (n = 30). As a main result, children with ADHD-C showed significant impairments compared to children with ADHD-I and the control group on conscious responses—driven by executive function, as well as on unconscious associative tasks. Medical treatment with stimulants positively influenced cognitive performance, although to a different extent for subgroups. The results are discussed in the context of current theories of ADHD and imply indications for further research in this field.