batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A simple but reasonably accurate battery model is required for simulating the performance of electrical systems that employ a battery for example an electric vehicle, as well as for investigating their potential as an energy storage device. In this paper, a relatively simple equivalent circuit based model is employed for modeling the performance of a battery. A computer code utilizing a multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed for the purpose of extracting the battery performance parameters. The code is applied to several existing industrial batteries as well as to two recently proposed high performance batteries which are currently in early research and development stage. The results demonstrate that with the optimally extracted performance parameters, the equivalent circuit based battery model can accurately predict the performance of various batteries of different sizes, capacities, and materials. Several test cases demonstrate that the multi-objective genetic algorithm can serve as a robust and reliable tool for extracting the battery performance parameters.
Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) are prepared and investigated in this work. The results show that addition of TPU to the blend polymer results in loss of the crystallinity of PEO and improve the dissolution of lithium salts into the SPE matrix. TPU can also improve the mechanical stability and the electrochemical properties. Among the TPU/PEO blend electrolytes, the TPU/PEO=1:3 based electrolyte presents an ionic conductivity of 5.3×10−4 Scm−1 with electrochemical stability above 5V (vs. Li+/Li) at 60°C. The LiFePO4/SPE/Li coin cell based on SPE (TPU/PEO=1:3) is assembled and shows the attractive discharge capacity (140 and 154mAhg−1 at 0.2C under 60 and 80°C, 112 and 127mAhg−1 at 1C under 60 and 80°C) and outstanding cycling stability (close to 96% and 94% after 100th cycles at 1C under 60 and 80°C), respectively. These results demonstrated that the TPU/PEO blend polymer electrolyte should be a promising electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries.
Carbon materials have been widely applied in the energy storage devices, however, the preparation of suitable carbon materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still a challenge. In this paper, N-doped porous carbon material (NDPCs) with rose-like structure has been successfully prapared through pyrolysis of the as-prepared polyimides in-situ. The NDPCs shows rose-like structure derived from 2D nanosheets, an expanded interlayer distance of 0.387nm, a high specific surface area of 215.7m2 g−1 and the electrochemical performances for Na-ion batteries are systematically investigated. A high reversible specific capacity of 240mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 is attained and a specific capacity of 224mAhg−1 is remained even after 100 cycles. Remarkably, even at a high current density of 3.2Ag−1, the reversible specific capacity of 104mAhg−1 can be observed. This excellent performance of NDPCs electrode may be ascribed to its superior structure, since the micropore/mesopore might efficiently shorten the diffusion distance of Na-ion and the enlarged interlayer spacing of 0.38nm is significant for Na-ion insertion/extraction. Significantly, the approach to prepare carbon materials from PI may be generalized to other polymers.
Aqueous lithium–oxygen batteries are promising candidates for electric energy storage. In this paper we present and discuss a multiphase continuum model of an aqueous lithium–oxygen single cell including reactions and transport in a porous gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The model is parameterized using in-house half-cell experiments and available literature data on aqueous electrolytes. We validate our transport model with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements over a wide range of temperatures (25, 40, 55 °C) and electrolyte concentrations (0.1–2 M). We observe very good agreement between simulations and measurements during oxygen reduction conditions. A sensitivity analysis of the validated model demonstrates the influence of the porous structure on GDE performance and gives directions for the future development of electrodes.
A novel composite material, hybrid zeolitic imidazolate framework (HZIF)–conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been fabricated on carbon cloth electrode (CCE) by microwave-assisted crystallization, followed by drop-coating and vapor deposition procedures. Specifically, the HZIF inserted by molybdenum (HZIF-Mo) is entitled to intrinsic catalytic activity towards amine molecules, which is firstly integrated with the conductive and catalytic PEDOT as an enhanced electrochemical sensor for hydroxylamine. Detection is performed by amperometric method, and the composite sensor (HZIF-Mo/PEDOT/CCE) shows a low detection limit of 0.04 μM (S/N = 3) in the linear range of 0.1–692.2 μM, along with superior anti-interference ability, reproducibility (RSD = 4.43%) and outstanding performance in real samples. As noticed, the hydroxylamine catalytic process combines the advantages of the alkaline-stable HZIF-Mo containing ample catalytic sites and high surface area and the mesoporous PEDOT reining in outstanding conductivity and redox capability, thereby imparting amplified electrochemical signals. This work undertakes an opening to expand MOF-based composites for versatile sensing applications.
The ball-cactus-like iron diphosphide@carbon nanotubes (FeP2@CNTs) composites are synthesized via a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with two-step heating method. SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman spectrum confirm that FeP2 and CNTs exist as the core and the surrounding spines of the ball-cactus-like composite, respectively, for FeP2@CNTs synthesized under suitable conditions. With optimized FeP2@CNTs composite containing ball-catus-like structure as the anode of LIBs, the assembled batteries exhibit an initial coulombic efficiency of 91.6%. Furthermore, this kind of battery delivers a stable and high discharge specific capacity of 736.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 1365 mA g−1) after 100 cycles. Even at a higher rate of 2.5 C, it still delivers a stable discharge specific capacity of 650.2 mAh g−1 within 100 cycles with negligible capacity fading, much higher than the reported results to date. This excellent electrochemical performance of FeP2@CNTs composite is attributed to the cladding of FeP2 with CNTs, which prevent the large volume changes of FeP2 and improve the electrical conductivity of composites.
Kurt Goldstein was a founder of clinical neuropsychology. This thesis is illustrated with a description of Goldstein's test battery that he used as a screening instrument in a special clinic for soldiers in World War I. Parts of the battery were also used for neuropsychological rehabilitation. Goldstein's early work in Germany focused on both neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation. He was interested in how individuals go about compensating for their deficits, The notion of ecological validity (Lebenswahr vs Lebensfremd), only becoming widely popular in the nineteen-eighties, played an important role in Goldstein's selection of test procedures.
Increasing production and disposal of coal fly ash (CFA) is a matter of serious environment concern. However, CFA contains various beneficial metals and mineral matters whose demand is increasing in the industrialized world, while natural supplies are diminishing. Therefore, recovery of these potential resources from CFA can be an alternative way to save mineral resources, as well as to reduce the environmental burden of CFA disposal. There are numerous methods developed for the recovery of beneficial products from CFA. Based on the US patents and journal literatures, the present review describes the recovery status and technologies of major elements such as Al, Si, Fe and Ti, and trace elements such as V, Ga, Ge, Se, Li, Mo, U, Au, Ag, Pt groups and rare earth elements (REEs) and other beneficial products such as magnetic materials, cenospheres, and unburned carbon from CFA. It also highlights the recovery efficiency and drawbacks for their extraction, and suggests future research to develop satisfactory results in terms of selective recovery and purification.
It is still a great challenge to develop advanced TiO2 anodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its low electronic conductivity and inferior sodium ion diffusion. Structure regulating is a very promising strategy for TiO2. Herein, we propose a novel and facile N2 plasma assisted annealing strategy, by which nitrogen heteroatoms and rich oxygen vacancies are incorporated into the TiO2 crystal simultaneously, leading to highly enhanced electronic conductivity. In addition, the nitrogen doped and defect-rich TiO2 possesses much higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of 92.5 m2 g−1 than that (59.9 m2 g−1) of pristine TiO2, resulting in much shorter sodium ion diffusion path. When investigates as a SIBs anode, the modified TiO2 delivers a high reversible capacities of 266 and 129 mAh g−1 at 50 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively, and long-term cycling stability with negligible capacity decay at 2000 mA g−1. As confirmed by the experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the significantly improved electrochemical properties should be attributed to the synergistic effect of nitrogen heteroatoms and rich oxygen vacancies induced by N2 plasma. This novel N2 plasma assisted strategy is proved to be highly effective in designing high performance materials in SIBs.
Using spatial and interfacial control, the micro-sized silicon waste from wafer slurry could greatly increase its retention potential as a green resource for silicon-based anode in lithium ion batteries. Through step by step spatial and interfacial control for electrode, the cyclability of recycled waste gains potential performance from its original poor retention property. In the stages of spatial control, the electrode stabilizers of active, inactive and conductive additives were mixed into slurries for maintaining architecture and conductivity of electrode. In addition, a fusion electrode modification of interfacial control combines electrolyte additive, technique of double-plasma enhanced carbon shield (D-PECS) to convert the chemical bond states and to alter the formation of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in the first cycle. The depth profiles of chemical composition from external into internal electrode illustrate that the fusion electrode modification not only forms a boundary to balance the interface between internal and external electrodes but also stabilizes the SEIs formation and soothe the expansion of micro-sized electrode. Through these effect approaches, the performance of micro-sized Si waste electrode can be boosted from its serious capacity degradation to potential retention (200 cycles, 1100 mAh/g) and better meet the requirements for facile and cost-effective in industrial production.
A solid Li+ electrolyte, which has a high Li+ conductivity at 25 °C and a high density, is required in rechargeable Li–ion batteries including all–solid–state Li–metal batteries and Li–redox flow batteries. Here we prepare a fast cubic perovskite Li+ conductor, Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 (LSTH), by reducing the grain boundary resistance with spark plasma sintering. The influence of the sintering temperature and time on the relative density and the total Li+ conductivity of Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 are investigated; the LSTH pellets sintered by SPS at 1250 °C for 10 min has a much higher density (96.5%), a higher Li+ conductivity (5.2 × 10−4 S cm−1) at 25 °C and a lower activation energy (0.33 eV) than the Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 pellet fired with conventional sintering. The symmetric Li/Li cell with a LSTH membrane, which is coated by a thin Li+–conducting solid polymer to avoid the chemical reduction of Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 by a metallic lithium anode and to homogenize the current density at Li/electrolyte interface, shows a stable cycling at 0.3 mA cm−2; the all–solid–state Li/LiFePO4 battery and the Li–S cell with Li3/8Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 membranes show a high coulombic efficiency and a good cycling life.
Deformation and failure of constrained cells and modules in the battery pack under transverse loading is one of the most common conditions in batteries subjected to mechanical impacts. A combined experimental, numerical and analytical approach was undertaken to reveal the underlying mechanism and develop a new cell failure model. When large format pouch cells were subjected to local indentation all the way to failure, the post-mortem examination of the failure zones beneath the punches indicates a consistent slant fracture surface angle to the battery plane. This type of behavior can be described by the critical fracture plane theory in which fracture is caused by the shear stress modified by the normal stress. The Mohr-Coulomb fracture criterion is then postulated and it is shown how the two material constants can be determined from just one indentation test. The orientation of the fracture plane is invariant with respect to the type of loading and can be considered as a property of the cell stack. In addition, closed-form solutions are derived for the load-displacement relation for both plane-strain and axisymmetric cases. The results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation of the homogenized model and experimentally measured responses.
We employed in situ hybridization and quantitative densitometry techniques to examine hippocampal mRNA expression of GABAA receptor subunits α1 and α5 in human subjects with progressing cognitive impairment. Included in this study were 17 participants of the Religious Order Study (ROS), who were categorized into three groups based upon degree of cognitive impairment: no cognitive impairment (n = 6); moderate cognitive impairment (n = 5); and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 6). While the levels of each specific subunit mRNA were relatively homogeneously distributed throughout the five hippocampal subregions analyzed (CA1–4, and the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus), mRNA expression of the α1 receptor subunit was found to be 20% reduced in the moderate cognitive impairment group as compared to the no cognitive impairment group. In addition, α1 mRNA expression was 25% reduced in the probable Alzheimer’s disease group compared to the group with no cognitive impairment. Similarly, α5 subunit mRNA was reduced 32% between no cognitive impairment and moderate cognitive impairment groups, and 35% between no cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease groups. No significant reductions were found between moderate cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease groups for either subunit. Collectively, our data provide evidence for modest reductions in GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs, and suggest these changes occur very early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease cognitive impairment.
The measurement of the rectal pressure is considered to be the ‘gold standard’ for the assessment of the abdominal pressure. However, conventional rectal catheters can cause erroneous results and are not comfortable for the patients. To reduce these problems, we devised a non-invasive technique for the measurement of the abdominal pressure using the parametric curve fitting method, based on linear, polynomial, exponential or sine equation modeling, between the rectal pressure and electromyographic (sEMG) signals recorded simultaneously from the abdomen. The sEMG signals and rectal pressure were obtained simultaneously from 12 patients with neurogenic bladders due to spinal cord injury (age = 53.2 ± 11.9 years, BMI = 24.4 ± 2.7, ASIA classification: D). Using our algorithm, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) between the measured and estimated abdominal pressure obtained by the quartic polynomial modeling were 0.86 ± 0.05 and 4.70 ± 1.56, respectively. The results obtained herein suggest that the sEMG signals can be used reliably for the indirect measurement of the abdominal pressure in ambulatory urodynamics monitoring systems.
Past research associated unilateral neglect with a systematic ipsilesional shift of the perceived position of the body midline; however, this was not confirmed by recent experiments. We used the constant stimuli method to control for potential artifacts intrinsic to the techniques used in previous studies. Body midline perception was measured in the visual and proprioceptive modalities in ten patients with left unilateral neglect, ten control patients and ten normal subjects and compared with a visual line bisection task, also using the constant stimuli method. Neglect patients showed a significant rightward bias in the line bisection task, but no consistent directional bias either in the proprioceptive or in the visual body midline task. These results clearly counter the association between neglect and an ipsilesional shift of the body midline. However, in the body midline tasks neglect patients made more errors in judgement on both sides of their subjective midline, both with respect to the control groups and with respect to the line bisection task. This may imply that a specific impairment of body-centered representations is indeed present and manifests as a non directional increase in response variability, rather than as a systematic shift. It is suggested that body- and object-related tasks (such as line bisection) may be processed by independent cognitive computations. This interpretation is discussed with reference to a recent neuroimaging study investigating the same kinds of tasks.
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play active and significant roles in stress resistance of plants. In this work, a novel Em-like gene, EhEm1, was isolated and characterized from salt cress. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the EhEm1 protein contained three 20-mer conserved motifs (N-motif, M-motif, and C-motif), shared high homology with Em proteins from other species, and was categorized into group 1 LEA proteins. The EhEm1 was expressed only in the roots during the seedling period, and its transcript levels were significantly increased in all examined tissues during the flowering and mature periods. Transcription of EhEm1 was dramatically induced by salt, dehydration, abscisic acid (ABA), and cold stresses in young seedlings. The EhEm1 protein could prevent the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme from inactivation caused by salt and desiccation treatments, and contribute to the stabilization of LDH activity. The sensitivity of transgenic rice seeds to exogenous ABA showed that EhEm1 functioned in an ABA-dependent signal pathway in response to abiotic stresses. Compared with wild type (WT) plants, EhEm1-overexpressing rice enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses based on better germination performances, higher survival rates, reduced chlorophyll damage, more accumulation of proline, less accumulation of malondialdehyde, and increased peroxidase activity under salt and drought stresses. The EhEm1-overexpressing rice showed less yield loss than did WT rice under salt and drought stresses. In addition, overexpression of the EhEm1 gene in rice could up-regulate transcript levels of several stress-responsive genes, including OsCDPK6, OsCDPK9, OsCDPK13, and rab16a under both salt and drought conditions, indicating that enhanced salt and drought tolerance of transgenic rice could be involved in the up-regulation of OsCDPK genes. Thus, this work provides an insight into the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.
Time-resolved luminescence decays of intercalated compounds of hydrogen uranyl phosphate (HUP) with p-toluidinium (HUPPT), benzylaminium (HUPBZ), α–methylbenzylaminium (HUPMBZ) and hydroxylaminium (HUPHAM) were studied. The prepared compounds belong to the tetragonal P4/ncc space group and showed 00l reflections shifted to lower angles relative to HUP, indicating that the intercalation increases the c parameter of the unit cell. The luminescence decays of the compounds with 100% of intercalation ratio (HUPHAM and HUPBZ) were analyzed by Global Analysis, assuming Lianos’ stretched exponential as the model function, which can be applied to compounds with restricted geometry and mobile donor and quencher molecules. It was remarkable that the luminescence decays showed that the quenching of the emission of the uranyl ions by the intercalated protonated amines is not restricted by low dimensionality of the host uranyl phosphate, and that a diffusion mechanism occurs. Benzylaminium cation efficiently quenches the excited energy of the uranyl ions at close distance, but the long-range and long-lifetime quenching is hindered. A different situation is found in the case of the small hydroxylaminium cation, where the long distance diffusion of the species is fast, playing an important role in the quenching of the excited uranyl ions at longer times.
Water crossover through the membrane of a vanadium redox flow battery system is not desirable because it floods one half-cell, diluting the vanadium solution on one side and consequently increasing the concentration of vanadium in the other half-cell. To analyze the effect of water crossover and the resultant electrolyte imbalance issue in the vanadium redox flow battery, herein we newly develop a water transport model and incorporate it into our previously developed 3D vanadium redox flow battery model. The model rigorously accounts for water production/consumption by the redox reaction of VO2+/VO2 and side reactions as well as various mechanisms of water crossover through the membrane arising from diffusion, electro-osmotic drag (EOD), and vanadium crossover. The numerical model is successfully validated against in situ data collected during experiments in which the electrolyte volumes and cell voltages are measured during charge–discharge cycles carried out under various current densities. The detailed simulation results clearly elucidate water crossover behaviors at different stages of charging and discharging, and further reveal the individual contributions of water crossover mechanisms to the overall electrolyte imbalance between the negative and positive sides of the VRFB system.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient to maintain poultry health and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary phosphorus levels on egg production, egg quality, bone health, immune responses of laying hens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.