batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
To truly reduce environmental impacts in sustainable consumption, lifestyle assessments should be performed for all areas of protection and because human behaviours drive lifestyles, they must be accurately accounted for. Life cycle analysis (LCA) computes environmental impacts across several indicators and throughout the life cycle stages of a product or a service. However, its capacity to grasp human behaviours and their changes is limited. This is especially true when one wishes to assess the potential benefits of behavioural policies based on people’s irrationality such as nudges. This article describes a methodology for the environmental assessment of systems and policies that aim to change human behaviours. To that end, agent-based modeling (ABM) and LCA are combined. While ABM simulates human behaviours and their changes, LCA assess environmental impacts. The methodology is applied to a case study of standard and smart homes use phases. Results show that attitudinal factors such as conformity to others cause significant effects—up to approximately 30% of environmental benefits in the experiments—and should therefore be accounted for. When performing peak shaving (a shift in time of part of the electricity load), the use of a photovoltaic (PV) battery system increases the reductions in climate change impact by up to roughly 25%. However, peak shaving may also lead to environmental trade-offs depending on the metric used. These results show the relevance of combining LCA and ABM when evaluating systems or policies that change people’s behaviours (e.g., nudges). The proposed methodology could enable the assessment of complex systems in sustainable consumption. Evaluating other such systems (e.g., mobility or diet) also constitutes a possible application of the developed approach.
Fun For Wellness is a self-efficacy theory-based online behavioral intervention developed to promote growth in well-being and physical activity by providing capability-enhancing opportunities to participants. Evidence has been provided for the efficacy of Fun For Wellness to promote subjective well-being in adults in a relatively controlled setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fun For Wellness to increase subjective well-being in adults with obesity in the United States of America in a relatively uncontrolled setting. The data described in this manuscript were collected within a more broadly focused trial: the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854,
A rheological phase reaction method was introduced to synthesize LiNiVO4 powder material. The product was tested using XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurement methods. It was found that single crystal grain LiNiVO4 is easily prepared with the rheological phase reaction; the intermediate product NiV(IV)O3 is the electrochemical active center; the product prepared at 700 °C for 18 h possess the best morphology of single crystal body and exhibits excellent performance as anode material with a small capacity fade. This indicates that LiNiVO4 is a good anode material for lithium-ion batteries and the rheological phase reaction is a simple, economical and effective method to synthesize a series of functional materials.
Alcohol craving has been shown to be an important factor for relapses in alcohol-dependent patients. Furthermore, brain activity in reward-related areas in response to alcohol-related cues is positively related to the amount of post-relapse alcohol consumption. On the other hand, it has been shown that cue-exposure based extinction training (CET) leads to larger decrease of striatal and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC) cue-induced activation compared to standard clinical day-care treatment, but the effect sizes are relatively small. The question of this study was, whether it is possible to change cue-reactivity and subjective craving by applying bilateral prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We stimulated 30 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (50 % with a sham and 50 % with left cathodal/right anodal stimulation) and presented emotional as well as alcohol-related pictures. We measured the emotional startle modulation and found significantly increased startle amplitudes in the verum stimulation condition for alcohol-related cues, indicating a more negative processing of this cues in alcohol-dependent patients after verum tDCS stimulation. Additionally we found tendencies for stronger reduction in subjective craving in verum-stimulated patients. Therefore our study underscores the positive value of DCS in reducing craving and might help to improve the understanding and therapy of alcohol dependence.
We address the problem of Electric Vehicle (EV) drivers’ assistance through Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Drivers of EVs that are low in battery may ask a navigation service for advice on which charging station to use and which route to take. A rational driver will follow the received advice, provided there is no better choice i.e., in game-theory terms, if such advice corresponds to a Nash-equilibrium strategy. Thus, we model the problem as a game: first we propose a congestion game, then a game with congestion-averse utilities, both admitting at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium. The former represents a practical scenario with a high level of realism, although at a high computational price. The latter neglects some features of the real-world scenario but it exhibits very low complexity, and is shown to provide results that, on average, differ by 16% from those obtained with the former approach. Furthermore, when drivers value the trip time most, the average per-EV performance yielded by the Nash equilibria and the one attained by solving a centralized optimization problem that minimizes the EV trip time differ by 15% at most. This is an important result, as minimizing this quantity implies reduced road traffic congestion and energy consumption, as well as higher user satisfaction.
High-capacity silicon anodes suffer from rapid capacity decay due to large volume expansion, which causes mechanical fracture, electrical contact loss and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Nanostructuring has proved to be effective in addressing these problems over the past decade; however, new issues such as poor initial Coulombic efficiencies due to increased surface area remain unsolved. Here we develop a surface-engineering strategy by depositing a dense silicon skin onto each mesoporous silicon microparticle and further encapsulating it with a conformal graphene cage, which improves both the initial and later-cycle Coulombic efficiencies. The silicon skin lowers the unfavorable electrolyte/electrode contact area and minimizes SEI formation, resulting in an initial Coulombic efficiency over twice as high as that without silicon skin coating. The graphene cage combined with the inner void space of mesoporous silicon allow for silicon expansion, which guarantees structural integrity and SEI stability, resulting in high later-cycle Coulombic efficiencies (99.8–100% for later cycles) and impressive cycling stability.
Electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play a key role in renewable energy technologies including metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Despite tremendous efforts, the development of ORR electrocatalysts with high activity and low cost remains a great challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of well-defined carbon network with honeycomb-like structure as a high-performance catalyst toward ORR, via pyrolysis of bimetallic Co, Zn-zeolitic imidazolate (Co, Zn-ZIF) crystal arrays grown on the surface of layered double hydroxide nanoplatelets (LDHs@Co, Zn-ZIF). The concentration of doped-heteroatoms (N, Co), the graphitic degree as well as the surface porosity of the resulting carbon network can be finely controlled by tuning the Co/Zn molar ratio in the LDHs@Co, Zn-ZIF precursors. The optimal carbon catalyst (CoZn-2) exhibits excellent ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.976V vs. RHE and a limited current density of 5.8mAcm−2, which is superior to commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, both an extraordinary long-term stability (∼99.5% current retention over 20,000s) and a strong tolerance against methanol corrosion are also obtained. This work demonstrates an effective strategy to artificially regulate the nanostructure and intrinsic active site of carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts.
A series of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5/G) nanocomposites with graphene and doped graphene was synthesized by a facile solvothermal route and the supercapacitor performance of the obtained materials were further examined. The various heteroatom doped graphene composites viz. B doped (V2O5/BG), N doped (V2O5/NG) and BN codoped graphene (V2O5/BNG) was analyzed systematically to understand the effect of the dopants and their electrochemical properties. The structural and morphology of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). The results showed that the prepared V2O5 nanoparticles are deposited uniformly on graphene sheets. The electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposites were further analyzed to understand its supercapacitance properties in KOH electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 1032.6 F/g was observed for V2O5/NG at 1 mVs-1 scan rate. Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves showed an excellent cyclic stability with higher charge/discharge duration with an energy density of 185.86 Wh/Kg and a power density of 37.20 W/Kg respectively for V2O5/NG nanocomposite. The graphene moieties provide fast and smooth electron transfer between V2O5 materials, thus leading to higher electrode performance compared with V2O5. The doping of heteroatom on graphene has been proven to be an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for supercapacitor electrodes.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has, to a limited degree, previously been investigated as an alternative host material to the dominating poly(ethylene oxide)-(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes used in electrochemical applications. These PVA-materials were found to be highly ionically conducting for a number of different salts at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, but in the presence of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) residues. Here, we investigate the PVA:LiTFSI (lithium bis(triflouromethane)sulfonamide) electrolytes system, thereby for the first time using the salt most commonly explored in PEO-based systems also in PVA. It is shown that this results in significantly higher conductivities than for alternative Li salts. Comparisons between electrolytes casted in DMSO, H2O and hot-pressed samples confirm the necessity of solvent residues present in the DMSO casted films for the ionic transport, although no obvious liquid phase is formed. Moreover, we also show the feasibility of PVA-based electrolytes by construction of functional Li-metal | PVA-LiTFSI (DMSO) | LiFePO4 batteries operating at 60°C, displaying stable capacities of 136mAh/g LiFePO4 at a rate of C/20.
The electrochemical intercalation of lithium into vanadium pentoxide was first reported in the 1970's. Over the last 40 years vanadium oxides have continued to be the subject of much research due to their desirable physical properties. Initial results with bulk V2O5 and V2O5 gels demonstrated the potential for application as a cathode material for lithium batteries. Encouraging specific capacities exceeding 250 mAh g− 1 were accompanied by severe capacity fading, which prevented widespread commercial application of V2O5-containing cathodes. Following the commercial release of the Li-ion battery, the development of layered materials that reversibly intercalated lithium, and the resurgence in nanoscale materials for Li-ion and alternative batteries, have opened new opportunities for the examination of the influence of material structure on cell performance. Recent decades have witnessed advances in the control of shape, structure and function of Li-ion battery materials. This review details the synthesis and structural properties of vanadium oxides, one of the model layered battery materials, and reviews the synthesis and structure of vanadium oxides and related polymorphs, bronzes and phases. Their electrochemical characteristics under a wide range of conditions are assessed and compared as positive electrode materials in lithium and lithium-ion batteries up to the present day.
Homogeneous Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite is prepared via an in-situ solid state reaction, after carbon pre-coating has been carried out. Its microstructure is compared with the materials prepared by a similar way, but without carbon coating. The results reveal that the carbon coating not only effectively confines aggregation and agglomeration of the Li4Ti5O12 particles, but also enhances the combination between Li4Ti5O12 particles and graphene sheets. The Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite presents excellent rate capability and low-temperature performance. Even at 120C, it still delivers a quite high capacity of about 136mAhg−1. When the charge–discharge tests are performed at −10°C and −20°C, its specific capacities are as high as 149 and 102mAhg−1, respectively. In addition, the full-cells using LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as cathode material exhibit good rate capability.
Unknown Note: Page numbers with “f” denote figures; “t” tables; “b” boxes.
The decoy effect is one of the best known human biases violating rational choice theory. According to a large body of literature, people may be persuaded to switch from one offer to another by the presence of a third option (the decoy) that, rationally, should have no influence on the decision-making process. For example, when asked to choose between a laptop with a good battery but a poor memory and a laptop with a poor battery but a good memory, customers may be induced to shift their preference if the offer is accompanied by a third laptop that has a battery as good as the latter but even worse memory—an effect that has clear applications in marketing practice. Surprisingly, renowned decoy studies have resisted replication, inducing scholars to challenge the scientific validity of the phenomenon and question its practical relevance. Using a treatment allocation scheme that takes inspiration from the lock-in amplification schemes used in experimental physics, we were able to explore the entire range of decoy attribute values and demonstrate that some of the reproducibility issues reported in the literature result from a suboptimal initial conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach is able to sequentially identify the features of the decoy that maximize choice reversal. We thus reinstate the scientific validity and practical relevance of the decoy effect and demonstrate the use of lock-in amplification to optimize treatments.
A series of Co x B (x =1, 2, 3) alloys were prepared by arc melting, the phase structure of the alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical experimental results demonstrated that the Co x B (x =1, 2, 3) series alloys showed excellent cycling stability, the capacity retention was 94.2%, 93.6% and 93.8% in the 100th cycle, respectively, as the cobalt content decreased. The CoB alloy electrode showed very good electrochemical reversibility in cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, the oxidation and reduction peaks resembled the pure cobalt element powder electrode. The electrode mechanism was discussed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), using pure CoB alloy cast electrode. From the SEM, after first and second cycle, the surface became porous and pulverous; also, the oxidation state of Co changed through XPS, after second cycle, the Co of 0 oxidation state could not be found on the surface. Based on the experiment, a proper mechanism was proposed: on this condition, the discharge capacity may due to the Co(OH)2/Co reaction, which happened on the porous surface as the boron dissolved when the cycle increased.
In this work, the rate of heat generation in the overcharge period for 103450 prismatic lithium ion batteries (LIBs) of the LiCoO2–graphite jellyroll type with a basic electrolyte consisting of 1M LiPF6–PC/EC/EMC (1/3/5 in weight ratio) has been found to be more important than the gas evolution which was traditionally considered as the main reason in the overcharge protection mechanism. The cell voltage, charge current, and skin temperature were monitored during the charge process. For a single battery or batteries in parallel, LIBs without any additives is an acceptable design if the cell voltage is not charged above 4.55V under the common charge program. The rate of heat generation from the polymerization of 3wt% cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) is high enough to cause the explosion or thermal runaway of a battery, which is not found for an LIB containing 2wt% CHB+1wt% tert-amyl benzene (TAB). In the 12V overcharge test at 1C, the thermal fuse was broken by the high skin temperature (ca. 80°C) due to the polymerization of 3wt% CHB, which was also the case for LIBs containing 2wt% CHB+1wt% TAB. The disconnection of the thermal fuse, however, did not interrupt the thermal runaway of LIBs without any additives because the battery voltage was too high (ca. 4.9V). The influence of specific surface area of active materials in the anode on the polymerization kinetics of additives has to be carefully considered in order to add correct amount of overcharge protection agents.
Accelerated cycling in the partial state of charge regime showed conclusively that the improvement in cycle life of negative lead accumulator electrodes can be brought about not only by the addition of various sorts of powdered carbon into the active mass but also by the addition of other powdered inert materials like glass fibers, alumina, or titanium dioxide. Steric hindrance of the crystallization of lead sulfate in the electrode pores evidenced by ESEM microphotographs is considered as the main reason for this effect. The added powdered substances were practically without influence on the hydrogen overpotential; and their effect on the active material resistance was also negligible.
We investigated the electrochemical characteristics of a natural graphite electrode in room-temperature ionic liquids not containing additives. N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (DEME-TFSA) containing lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (Li-TFSA) as the electrolyte and a natural graphite electrode as the negative electrode material were employed. The charge–discharge tests showed that the discharge capacity and the charge–discharge efficiency of the natural graphite electrode at the 1st cycle were 318 mAh g−1 and 75.6%, respectively. The cycle performance showed that the discharge capacity and the charge–discharge efficiency were stably maintained at ca. 320 mAh g−1 and 100%, respectively, until the initial 10th cycle. The ex-situ X-ray diffraction measurements showed that lithium–graphite intercalation compounds, such as LiC12 and LiC6, were formed after the 1st charge. The structural change in the natural graphite electrode was reversible because graphite recovered to its original structure after the 1st discharge. These results clarified that the graphite electrode could operate as a negative electrode for lithium-ion secondary batteries in DEME-TFSA containing Li-TFSA without organic solvents.
A small amount of cations such as Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4 + is required to stabilize the tunnels during the formation of MnO2. Here, the effect of the content of K ion on crystalline state and capacitance behavior of MnO2 are investigated. It is found that with the content of K ion increasing, manganese dioxide is more likely to maintain amorphous, while adding Li+, Na+, or NH4 + has no such effect. Adding K ion not only delays the conversion of manganese dioxide crystalline, but also delays the phase transformation temperature, which causes the big difference of specific capacitance value from 58 F g−1 for H2/400 to 124 F g−1 for K12/400. Furthermore, the morphology, special surface area, and pore data change dramatically from H2/400 to K12/400. These results have important implications for the characterization of MnO2 in supercapacitor applications.
Dopamine has been implicated in the control of sexual behaviour, but its role seems quite complex and controversial. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of dopamine (DA) acting on D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) on sexual behaviour in female sheep. To achieve this, the D2 agonist, quinpirole, was administered bilaterally via microdialysis probes into the MBH of ovariectomized ewes either before or after oestradiol (E2) administration. Quinpirole (100 ng/ml) infused for 6 h just before E2 hastened the onset of oestrus behaviour and the luteinizing hormone surge, whereas the same treatment given 6–12 h or 18–21 h after E2 decreased the intensity of sexual receptivity without affecting LH or prolactin secretion. We then tested the hypothesis that E2 stimulates the onset of oestrus partly by decreasing DA activation of D2 receptors. In this case the D2 antagonists pimozide or spiperone (100 ng/ml) were infused into the MBH via microdialysis probes for 11 h in the absence of E2 administration. A significant number of ewes showed induction of receptivity with both antagonists, although its intensity was significantly lower than that induced by E2. These treatments generally did not significantly alter extracellular concentrations of monoamines or aminoacids although quinpirole modulated the ability of sexual interactions to increase noradrenaline release. These experiments show that DA acts via D2 receptors in the MBH to control female sexual behaviour in a biphasic manner: the onset of sexual motivation and receptivity requiring an initial increase in activation followed by a decrease. This dual action could explain some of the controversies concerning DA action on sexual behaviour.
An influential account of selective semantic deficits posits that visual features are heavily weighted in the representations of animals, whereas information about function is central in the representations of tools (e.g., Warrington & Shallice, 1984). An alternative account proposes that information about all types of objects—animate and inanimate alike—is represented in a distributed semantic architecture by verbal–propositional, tactile, visual, and proprioceptive–motor nodes, reflecting the degree to which these systems were activated when the knowledge was acquired (e.g., Allport, 1985). We studied a group of left hemisphere chronic stroke patients, some of whom were apraxic, with measures of declarative tool and animal knowledge, body part knowledge, and function and manipulation knowledge of artifacts. Apraxic (n=7) and nonapraxic (n=6) subjects demonstrated a double dissociation of performance on tests of tool and animal knowledge, suggesting that the apraxic group was not simply more severely impaired overall. Apraxics were relatively impaired in manipulation knowledge, whereas nonapraxics tended to be relatively impaired in function knowledge. Apraxics were also more impaired with body parts than nonapraxics. The association of gestural praxis, tool knowledge, body part knowledge, and manipulation knowledge suggests a coherent basis for the organization of semantic artifact knowledge in frontoparietal cortical regions specialized for sensorimotor functions, and thus provides support for the distributed architecture account of the semantic system.