batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Panzer VP, Wakefield DB, Hall CB, Wolfson LI. Mobility assessment: sensitivity and specificity of measurement sets in older adults. Objective To identify quantitative measurement variables that characterize mobility in older adults, meet reliability and validity criteria, distinguish fall risk, and predict future falls. Design Observational study with 1-year weekly falls follow-up. Setting Mobility laboratory. Participants Community-dwelling volunteers (N=74; age, 65–94y) categorized at entry as 27 nonfallers or 47 fallers by using Medicare criteria (1 injury fall or >1 noninjury fall in the previous year). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Test-retest and within-subject reliability, criterion and concurrent validity; predictive ability indicated by observed sensitivity and specificity to entry fall-risk group (falls status), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), computerized dynamic posturography Sensory Organization Test (SOT), and subsequent falls reported weekly. Results Measurement variables were selected that met reliability (intraclass coefficient of correlation >.6) and/or discrimination (P<.01) criteria (clinical variables: turn steps and time, gait velocity, step-in-tub time, downstairs time; forceplate variables: quiet standing Romberg ratio sway area, maximal lean anterior-posterior excursion, sit-to-stand medial-lateral excursion, sway area). Sets were created (3 clinical, 2 forceplate) using combinations of variables appropriate for older adults with different functional activity levels, and composite scores were calculated. Scores identified entry falls status and concurred with POMA and SOT scores. The full clinical set (5 measurement variables) produced sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 74% to falls status. Composite scores were more sensitive and specific overall in predicting subsequent injury falls and multiple falls compared with falls status and POMA or SOT score. Conclusions Sets of quantitative measurement variables obtained with this mobility battery provided sensitive prediction of future injury falls and screening for multiple subsequent falls by using tasks that should be appropriate to diverse participants.
The crystal structure of the deficient perovskite Nd1/3NbO3 has been determined at room temperature, using electron microscopy observations and X-ray powder diffraction data. Electron diffraction study and HRTEM images evidence the doubling of a and b parameters and confirm one of the c-parameter with respect to perovskite unit cell. The structure refinement has been carried out using the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The Nd3+ cations occupy randomly and alternatively the (00l) planes and Nb5+ cations distorted octahedral sites. This structure is characterized by the presence of empty Nd3+ sites in every second layer and the tilting of the octahedral sites around the b-axis. In addition, electron diffraction patterns exhibit weak additional diffuse reflections, which supposes some ordering of the Nd vacancies.
Our aim was to elucidate the physiological role of calpains (CAPN) in mammary gland involution. Both CAPN-1 and -2 were induced after weaning and its activity increased in isolated mitochondria and lysosomes. CAPN activation within the mitochondria could trigger the release of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors, whereas in lysosomes it might be essential for tissue remodeling by releasing cathepsins into the cytosol. Immunohistochemical analysis localized CAPNs mainly at the luminal side of alveoli. During weaning, CAPNs translocate to the lysosomes processing membrane proteins. To identify these substrates, lysosomal fractions were treated with recombinant CAPN and cleaved products were identified by 2D-DIGE. The subunit b2 of the v-type H+ ATPase is proteolyzed and so is the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2a (LAMP2a). Both proteins are also cleaved in vivo. Furthermore, LAMP2a cleavage was confirmed in vitro by addition of CAPNs to isolated lysosomes and several CAPN inhibitors prevented it. Finally, in vivo inhibition of CAPN1 in 72-h-weaned mice decreased LAMP2a cleavage. Indeed, calpeptin-treated mice showed a substantial delay in tissue remodeling and involution of the mammary gland. These results suggest that CAPNs are responsible for mitochondrial and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, supporting the idea that lysosomal-mediated cell death is a new hallmark of mammary gland involution.
We report foldable supercapacitor electrodes using a macroporous cellulose fiber network, Kimwipes®, as the scaffold through a simple “dip-absorption-polymerization” method. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) wrapped around the cellulose fibers as the conductive skin, while ultrathin (~50nm) and ultralong (tens of microns) polyaniline (PANI) nanoribbons were synthesized in situ between macroporous cellulose fibers and interpenetrated within the SWCNT network. The hybrid material showed good volumetric (40.5F/cm3) and areal capacitance (0.33F/cm2), which was attributed to the synergistic effect between electron transport within the SWCNTs network and fast charge transfer of the PANI nanoribbons. The paper-based hybrid electrode was highly flexible and compliant; it could be folded back and forth as an origami crane up to 1000 times without mechanical failure or loss of capacitance. We believe that the combination of triple networks and the unique morphology of PANI nanoribbons played critical roles to the repeated foldability. Finally, we assembled six all-solid-state supercapacitors based on the SWCNT/PANI nanoribbon paper electrodes connected in series, which lighted LED before, during and after folding for 500 times.
Polyimide (PI) nanofiber-based nonwovens have been fabricated via electrospinning for the separators of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and hot oven tests show that the PI nanofiber-based nonwovens are thermally stable at a high temperature of 500 °C while the commercial Celgard membrane exhibits great shrinkage at 150 °C and even goes melting over 167 °C, indicating a superior thermal stability of PI nanofiber-based nonwovens than that of the Celgard membrane. Moreover, the PI nanofiber-based nonwovens exhibit better wettability for the polar electrolyte compared to the Celgard membrane. The PI nanofiber-based nonwoven separators are also evaluated to have higher capacity, lower resistance and higher rate capability compared to the Celgard membrane separator, which proves that they are ideal candidates for separators of high-performance rechargeable LIBs.
The objective of this study was to evaluate behavior and quality of life in children after corrective cardiac surgery in infancy. Twenty cyanotic (tetralogy of Fallot) and 20 acyanotic children (ventricular septal defect), operated at a mean age of 0.7 years with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), were assessed at a mean age of 7.4 years by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the German KINDL. Test results were related to perioperative and neurodevelopmental outcome. Compared to healthy children and not significantly different between the groups, internalizing and externalizing problems were elevated, school performance and total competence were reduced, and self- and parent-reported quality of life was not reduced. Parent-reported problems and reduced physical status were correlated with longer durations of DHCA and CPB. Internalizing and externalizing problems, reduced school competence, and reduced self-esteem were associated with reduced endurance capacity. Externalizing problems were related to reduced gross motor function. Poor school competence was related to reduced intelligence and academic achievement. Children with preoperative hypoxemia in infancy due to cyanotic cardiac defects are not at significantly higher risk for behavioral problems and reduced quality of life than those with acyanotic heart defects. The risk of long-term psychosocial maladjustment after corrective surgery in infancy is increased compared to that for normal children and related to the presence of neurodevelopmental dysfunction.
High capacity and superlong cycle life of Li3VO4 have been actualized via carbon hybridization and N doping. The Li3VO4/N doped C (Li3VO4/N–C) that fabricated via an in situ carbonization method based on an intermedial solution phase delivers initial discharge and charge capacities of 686 and 540 mAh g−1 at a specific current of 0.15 A g−1, which maintain of 538 and 536 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles, showing excellent cycle stability. Meanwhile, the Li3VO4/N–C exhibits superior rate performance and long life performance. After 150 cycles at various specific currents from 0.1 to 2.0 A g−1, the discharge and charge capacities can restore 100% when reverting the specific current to 0.1 A g−1. After 1100 cycles at a specific current of 2.0 A g−1, the discharge and charge capacities can maintain of 340 and 337 mAh g−1, showing no capacity attenuation in cycling.
The effect of swift heavy ion irradiation in novel electrodeposited ternary amorphous alloys was studied by 57Fe and 119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. Irradiation of Sn3Co3Fe with 246MeV Kr ions induces partial segregation and rearrangement of the constituent elements from the amorphous state toward an ordered state. The Sn3Ni3Fe irradiated with 600MeV Xe ions exhibits transformation from the as-deposited amorphous toward a slightly more disordered state due to the swift heavy ion irradiation.
The three-dimensional (3-D) nano-architectures have attracted tremendous attention for applications in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries due to their unique structural advantages. In this work, we developed a facile approach to fabricate 3-D Silicon (Si) nanowire networks. By precipitation, Si nanowires spontaneously interwove with one another to form 3-D nanowire networks with large amount of micro/nano gaps, which can not only facilitate Li-ion transport but also effectively accommodate the volume change. Carbon coating was then applied on Si nanowire networks through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, which not only mechanically strengthens the structure but also helps the formation of 3-D electrical conducting network. A Si/C nanowire network with a wire diameter of 75nm and 12wt% of carbon coating exhibits a very high specific capacity of 2300mAhg−1 at a rate of C/5 and a high specific capacity of around 600mAhg−1 at a high rate of 4.5C. Our experimental investigations showed that the cycle life of such Si/C nanowire network can be further prolonged by increasing the carbon coating content, decreasing the diameters of Si nanowires, or reducing the testing voltage window. A Si/C nanowire network with a wire diameter of 37nm and 17wt% carbon coating can retain 78% of the initial capacity after 60 cycles in a testing voltage window of 0.1–2V.
Sporadic corticobasal syndrome (CBS) has been associated with diverse pathological substrates, but frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions (FTLD-TDP) has only been linked to CBS among progranulin mutation carriers. We report the clinical, neuropsychological, imaging, genetic, and neuropathological features of GS, a patient with sporadic corticobasal syndrome. Genetic testing revealed no mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau or progranulin (PGRN) genes, but GS proved homozygous for the T allele of the rs5848 PGRN variant. Autopsy showed ubiquitin and TDP-43 pathology most similar to a pattern previously associated with PGRN mutation carriers. These findings confirm that FTLD-TDP should be included in the pathological differential diagnosis for sporadic CBS.
Objective: To examine the relationship between balance, attention, and dual-task performance in persons with acquired brain injury. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation center and supported living program. Participants: 24 subjects aged 18 to 58 years (mean, 39y) with acquired brain injury able to ambulate 12m (40ft) with (29%) or without an assistive device. 58% were independent community ambulators. 54% had fallen in the past 6 months; 42% reported unsteadiness with standing or walking. Interventions: Participants completed a battery of balance, attention, and dual-task assessments. Main Outcome Measures: For balance, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Four Square Step Test (FSST), and High Level Mobility Assessment Test (HIMAT); for attention, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Moss Attention Rating Scale (MARS), modified for a single test session, and a walking dual-task assessment. Results: The BBS mean score was 46/56, the FSST mean score was 19.7 seconds, the HIMAT mean score was 20/54, the SDMT mean score was 30 correct, and the MARS mean score was 79. Dual-task costs were observed with variable patterns across subjects: 48% demonstrated primarily motor slowing, 9% had reduced cognitive accuracy without motor slowing, and 35% demonstrated decrements in both tasks. Subjects with a falls history had more impaired balance (HIMAT, BBS, FSST, all P<.026), but did not differ significantly in dual-task performance or attention. Conclusions: Our test battery matched the range of motor and cognitive abilities of the sample. Balance was more strongly related to falls history than measures of attention or dual-task performance. Injury chronicity may have allowed some subjects to develop strategies to optimize dual-task performance. Alternatively, motor slowing in dual-task conditions may be an adaptive strategy, allowing performance of multiple tasks with reduced safety risk. Further investigation in this area is warranted to devise intervention strategies for reducing falls risk after brain injury.
The authors regret that the following acknowledgement was not included in this paper. Acknowledgements: This work was completed in Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Prof. Shihe Yang's group) and supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (General Research Funds no. HKUST 605710 and 604809. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
In this study, we proposed a unique method for hollow Fe3O4 microspheres and confirmed their electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Poly(MAA/EGDMA)/Fe3O4 core–shell microspheres were prepared by simple ionic attraction between hydrogel microspheres with negative charge and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles under alkaline conditions. The poly(MAA/EGDMA) core spheres were removed by heat treatment in order to form the hollow structure of Fe3O4 microspheres. Their hollow structure prevents cracking of the electrode during the volume change of repetitive Li-ion insertion and extraction reactions and improves the Li-ion transfer during cycling. The morphologies and structure of the hollow Fe3O4 microspheres were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical performance of the composite electrode was evaluated by constant current charging and discharging, cyclic voltammetry and cycling performance at various cycling rates. The results showed excellent cycle stability compared with a composite electrode containing bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These results indicate that the unique structures of Fe3O4 microspheres contribute to the excellent life and high reversible capacity of the battery when they are used as an anode of a lithium-ion battery.
Hierarchical assembly of hollow microstructures is of great scientificity and practical value. In this paper, a hydrothermal synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 hollow microspheres assembled by nanosheets is introduced. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image shows that such Li4Ti5O12 microspheres, with sizes of 2μm in diameter, are composed of a hollow inner cavity and thin outer shell assembled by nanosheets. A possible growth mechanism of the structure is further expounded. The Li4Ti5O12 hollow microspheres calcinated at 700°C display extremely good electrochemical performance, including high capacity (147.3mAhg−1 at 3C), excellent cyclic stability (95.0% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 3C) and remarkable rate capability (131.3mAhg−1 at 20C).
In this work, Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55/Bi3.84W0.16O6.24 (BMW1) and Bi2MoO6/Bi2WO6 (BMW2) nanocomposite were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method with different PH. The Synthesis of good crystallization BMW1 and BMW2 with nanoparticles and nanosheet-like morphology is revealed from XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS, respectively. The BMW1 and BMW2 nanocomposite affords an excellent structural stability and fast electron and ion transportation compared with pure Bi2Mo6 and Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55, which can beneficial for improving the electrochemical performance. The pseudocapacitive behaviour of nanocomposite is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and AC impendence in the 1M KOH electrolyte. The as-prepared materials specific capacitance reaches to 1056Fg−1 and 699Fg−1 at 1Ag−1, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared nanocomposite exhibits high cycle stability, and 80% of its initial capacitance is retained after continuous 3000cycles. Especially, the higher electrochemical performance of BMW1 compared with BMW2, which is possibly ascribed to the higher Bi content. These results demonstrated nanocomposite and high Bi content materials might be a promising electrode material for pseudocapacitor.
Rhombohedron-like LiFePO4 platelets with preferentially exposed (010) plane are synthesized via solvothermal reaction using 30vol.% Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution as solvent. The mechanism of the PEG-induced crystal growth of the LiFePO4 platelets under solvothermal circumstance is revealed. The crystal structure, micro morphology and electrochemical performance of the prepared LiFePO4 platelets are studied by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge test. Due to the preferential growth of (010) lattice plane facilitating diffusion of Li-ions, the LiFePO4 material shows excellent electrochemical performance. The as-obtained products deliver initial discharge capacities of 166.8mAhg−1 with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 99.4% at 0.1C, discharge capacities of 144.7mAhg−1 at 1C and discharge capacities of 116.5mAhg−1 at 5C. Moreover, the discharge capacities after 262cycles at 1C are 142.4mAhg−1 (capacity retention is 98.4%). This solvothermal reaction approach is a promising strategy for the commercialization of LiFePO4 cathode in lithium ion batteries.
Engine idling of refrigerator trucks during loading and unloading contributes to greenhouse gas emissions due to their increased fuel consumption. This paper proposes a new anti-idling system that uses two sources of power, battery and engine-driven generator, to run the compressor of the refrigeration system. Therefore, idling can be eliminated because the engine is turned OFF and the battery supplies auxiliary power when the vehicle is stopped for loading or unloading. This system also takes advantage of regenerative braking for increased fuel savings. The power management of this system needs to satisfy two requirements: it must minimize fuel consumption in the whole cycle and must ensure that the battery has enough energy for powering the refrigeration system when the engine is OFF. To meet these objectives, a two-level controller is proposed. In the higher level of this controller, a fast dynamic programming technique that utilizes extracted statistical features of drive and duty cycles of a refrigerator truck is used to find suboptimal values of the initial and final SOC of any two consecutive loading/unloading stops. The lower level of the controller employs an adaptive equivalent fuel consumption minimization (A-ECMS) to determine the split ratio of auxiliary power between the generator and battery for each segment with initial and final SOC obtained by the high-level controller. The simulation results confirm that this new system can eliminate idling of refrigerator trucks and reduce their fuel consumption noticeably such that the cost of replacing components is recouped in a short period of time.
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials can introduce more flexibility in the choice of Li-ion battery materials due to the versatility of organic ligands. As an alternative to carboxylate-based ligands, Fe and Co methylene diphosphonate were successfully synthesised and tested as model diphosphonate-based negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, showing specific charges of 250 mAh g−1 and 395 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 50 mAh g−1, respectively. Operando X-ray diffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the expected conversion reaction mechanism involving amorphisation of the pristine materials and extrusion of transition metal particles upon reduction. Ex situ X-ray absorption spectra indicated that Fe methylene diphosphonate undergoes reversible Fe cycling between Fe(II) and Fe(0) metal particles.
We report a new finding that high voltage stability of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)/graphite battery can be improved by using vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) as an electrolyte additive. Charge/discharge tests demonstrate that the battery using VEC exhibits significantly improved cyclic and dimensional stability of the 053048-type LiCoO2/graphite pouch cell up to 4.5V. The capacity retention is 87.0% and the swell value in thickness is 3.1% for the cell with 2.0wt.% VEC after 400 cycles between 3.0V and 4.5V, compared to the values of 38.4% and 38.6%, respectively, for the cell without additive. The characterizations from scanning electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that VEC facilitates the formation of stable solid electrolyte interfaces simultaneously on anode and cathode of the LiCoO2/graphite battery, yielding effective protections for anode and cathode and preventions of the electrolyte decomposition on both electrodes.
Carbon composites and replicas were prepared from layered double hydroxide (organo-LDH) intercalated with carbon 3-sulfopropylmethacrylic acid (SPMA). After intercalation, the organo-LDHs were calcined and acid-leached. Carbonization and acid-leaching were followed by in situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and observed by scanning electron microscopy. The pore formation in the carbon replica was studied by nitrogen adsorption. Electrochemical processes were studied by varying the potential scan rate, and the Faraday contribution was evaluated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the carbon composite indicated the conductivity and embedded inorganic redox centers. In comparison, carbon from SPMA had a capacitance as high as 280F/g in aqueous Na2SO3 solution corresponding to an electric energy of 47.5Whkg−1 and a power density of 17.3kWkg−1 (ΔV=1.1V at 2mVs−1). These properties were explained on the basis of electrochemically fully exposed surfaces as well as large amounts of oxygen surface groups.
In order to overcome severe capacity fading of LiMn2O4 cathode lithium-ion battery, tris(trimethylsilyl) borate (TMSB) is used as an electrolyte additive. With 0.5 wt% TMSB addition into the electrolyte (EC/DMC with 1 M LiPF6), the capacity retention is significantly improved at both room temperature and 55 °C. The effects of the TMSB on the LiMn2O4 electrode are investigated via a combination of cyclability, capacity retention of high temperature storage, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on these results, it is suggested that the improved cyclability of the cells containing the TMSB additive is mainly originated from the participation in the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of electrode, the dissolution of LiF out of the SEI and the enhancement of cyclability of Li anode.