batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Metal sulfide composites have been regarded as a new class of the most promising anode materials for the both lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical applications have been restricted by their relative poor cyclabilities and low rate performances. Herein, the numerous metal sulfides/graphene/carbon nanotubes (MxSy/GC) composites with a sandwiched architecture assembled by uniform MxSy nanoparticles anchored in the GC matrix are fabricated for high-performance LIBs/SIBs via a scalable calcination approach. As a result of the superiorities of small particle size, preferable structural flexibility and the sandwiched architecture, the as-prepared MxSy/GC composites exhibit a significant improvement in LIBs performance. Among them, the FeS/GC composite demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances in LIBs with favorable cycling stability, high specific capacity (∼870 mAh g−1 at 0.25 A g−1) and remarkable rate performance. When applied as an anode material for SIBs, the FeS/GC composite still exhibits a superior reversible capacity of 300 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles.
Urbanization, sustainability, energy efficiency, information and communication technology (ICT) and nanotechnology are emerging at the beginning of the 21st century. They are seeking to improve environmental effectiveness in the context of connected communities, global competitiveness, economic development, climate change, and demographic shifts. Virtually all proposed solutions to energy consumption and climate change acknowledge the role ICT plays as a key enabler of environmental effectiveness. One of the major challenges that the ICT sector faces today is that hardware is being pushed to its physical limits. The traditional means to reduce product size, increase functionality and enhance computing capabilities are becoming difficult and expensive every passing day. On the other hand, the industry is benefiting from nanotechnology advances with numerous applications including those in smarter sensors, logic elements, computer chips, memory storage devices, optoelectronics, quantum computing, etc. This paper presents an overview of the ICT benefiting from development in nanotechnology with respect to sustainability and energy efficiency.
Objective To determine the association of primary caregiver-rated behavioral and metacognitive aspects of executive function (EF) with impaired functioning after adolescent traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Multicenter cross-sectional study. Setting Outpatient. Participants Primary caregivers and children (N=132) aged 12 to 17 years who sustained a moderate or severe TBI within the past 1 to 6 months. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Primary caregiver ratings of EF, tests of memory and processing speed (PS), and a structured parent interview to assess clinical impairments in behavioral functioning were used. Logistic regression was used to examine the relation of ratings of EF with clinical ratings of impairment in global adolescent functioning and in functioning in the home, school, and community settings after controlling for sex, race, socioeconomic status, injury severity, and performance on the tests of memory and PS. Results Caregiver ratings of poor EF were associated with impairment in both global behavioral functioning (odds ratio [OR]=4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–14.52; P<.01) and community functioning (OR=13.28; 95% CI, 1.94–90.87; P<.01). Conclusions Caregiver ratings of deficits in EF were associated with impaired behavioral functioning after adolescent TBI and were independent of performance on tests of memory and processing speed. Understanding the relation of EF with clinical impairments as manifested in different settings will help hone assessment batteries and focus treatments where they are needed most.
We studied the effect of carbon treatment on improving the electrochemical properties (capacity and cyclability) of NASICON-type iron sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) for the cathodes of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). An optimized ball milling technique that was applied to a mixture of as-synthesized iron sulfate and conductive carbon ketjen black EC-600JD (KB) resulted a high capacity of 117 mA h g−1, which is close to its theoretical capacity of 134 mA h g−1. Moreover, the cyclability of coin-type test cell was doubled to 58 cycles by adding a polymer followed by heat treatment to the mixture of conductive carbon and Fe2(SO4)3. The smaller particle size and more uniform distribution in the mixture of conductive carbon and Fe2(SO4)3 particles accounted for the improved electrochemical properties after treatment, as confirmed by FE-SEM observations.
Due to the rapid increase of the World’s primary energy demand of the last decades, low-temperature processes for the purification of natural gas streams with high carbon dioxide content has gained interest, since they allow to make profitable exploitation of low-quality gas reserves. Low temperature purification processes allow the direct production of a methane stream at high purity and at low-temperature, suitable conditions for the direct synergistic integration with natural gas cryogenic liquefaction processes, while CO2 is obtained in liquid phase and under pressure. In this way, it can be pumped for transportation, avoiding significant compression costs as for classical CO2 capture units (where carbon dioxide is discharged in gas phase and at atmospheric pressure), and further uses such as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) or underground storage. In this paper, the three most common natural gas low-temperature purification techniques have been modelled and their performances have been evaluated through energy and exergy analyses. Specifically, the dual pressure low-temperature distillation process, the anti-sublimation process and a hybrid configuration have been considered. It is found that the dual pressure low-temperature distillation scheme reach the highest thermodynamic performances, resulting in the best values of exergy efficiency and equivalent methane requirements with respect to the other configurations. This is mainly due to the distributed temperature profile along a distillation column, resulting in a less irreversible heat exchanging process.
Water disinfection treatments result in the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that have been linked to adverse human health outcomes including higher incidence of bladder and colorectal cancer. However, data about the genotoxicity of DBPs is limited to only a small fraction of compounds. Chloral hydrate (CH) and bromal hydrate (BH) are two trihaloacetaldehydes commonly detected in disinfected waters, but little is known about their genotoxicity, especially BH. We investigated the genotoxicity of CH and BH using a test battery that includes three in vitro genotoxicity assays. We conducted the Ames test using Salmonella bacterial strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102, and the alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus test both using Chinese hamster ovary cells. We carried out the tests in the absence and presence of the metabolic fraction S9 mix. CH did not exhibit statistically significant genotoxic effects in any of the three assays. In contrast, BH exhibited mutagenic activity in the Salmonella strain TA100 and induced statistically significant DNA lesions in CHO cells as appeared in the comet assay. The genotoxic potential of BH in both assays decreased in the presence of the metabolic fraction S9 mix. BH did not induce chromosomal damage in CHO cells. Our results show that BH exhibited genotoxic activity by causing mutations and primary DNA damage while CH did not induce genotoxic effects. Our findings highlight concerns about the higher genotoxicity of brominated DBPs in comparison to their chlorinated analogues.
The P2 type Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is a high-voltage cathode material for Na-ion batteries with a theoretical capacity of 173mAh/g and a long operation voltage plateau of 4.2V. However, the material has exhibited unstable cycling performance within the high-voltage window, which severely limits its application. Moreover, its capacity decay mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first investigate the difference between as-prepared and after-cycling Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 samples, and then confirmed that the transition metal oxide layer exfoliation associated with the crystal phase transition during Na ion extraction and insertion is the main cause of capacity fading. The Al2O3 coated Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 with enhanced cycling performance was prepared by taking the benefit of Al2O3 coating. The Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 sample without any surface modification presented a 164mAh/g initial specific discharge capacity within the voltage window from 2.5V to 4.3V, and the capacity decayed to 44mAh/g at the 300th cycle, resulting in only a 26.8% retention. In contrast, the Al2O3-coated Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 presented a similar initial capacity, but with an enhanced 73.2% retention after 300 cycles. The enhanced cycling stability observed in after-cycling characterization and analysis confirms that the Al2O3 surface coating can effectively suppress the unfavorable side reaction at high voltage and the exfoliation of the metal oxide layers.
To develop new materials for Al/air batteries, the evaluation and characterisation of commercial aluminium alloys, namely, Al2000, Al2000Clad and Al7000, as anodes in alkaline electrolyte batteries has been performed. Their self-corrosion rate, hydrogen evolution rate and electrochemical properties, including open circuit potentials, polarisation characteristics and potentiodynamic measurements, were examined in a 4 M KOH solution. Among the tested alloys, Al2000 was found to be the most promising because it exhibits a high open circuit potential, a good anode efficiency and a minimum corrosion rate. Al2000/NiOOH and Al2000/air batteries were tested. Electrolyte concentrations between 0.01 and 4 M KOH were studied, and discharge currents between 0.8 and 20 mA cm−2 were imposed to analyse the evolution of the Ecell. Conversely, the Al7000 alloy exhibited the highest corrosion rate and H2 evolution compared to the other alloys.
The rapid increase in solid waste is a major environmental problem and recycling is argued to be a better solution to the problem. However, there is a broad agreement that there is a gap between the increasing awareness for recycling and recycling behaviour among the consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate recycling behaviour among 62 Tioman Island's residents. The instrument of the study was a structured questionnaire that included 33 items. The findings show a significant relationship between recycling behaviour and collectivism; a positive, weak relationship with recycling attitudes but a negative relationship with materialism.
This review summarizes recent literature linking Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and late life depression (LLD). It describes shared neurobiological features associated with both conditions, as well as factors that may increase resilience to onset and severity of cognitive decline and AD. Finally, we pose a number of future research directions toward improving detection, management, and treatment of both conditions.
ABSTRACT The structure evolution of fluorinated graphite (CF x ) upon the Li/Na intercalation has been studied by first-principles calculations. The Li/Na adsorption on single CF layer and intercalated into bulk CF have been calculated. The better cycling performance of Na intercalation into the CF cathode, comparing to that of Li intercalation, is attributed to the different strength and characteristics of the Li-F and Na-F interactions. The interactions between Li and F are stronger and more localized than those between Na and F. The strong and localized Coulomb attraction between Li and F atoms breaks the C−F bonds and pulls the F atoms away, and graphene sheets are formed upon Li intercalation.
In this article, an elementary method, which based on interfacial polymerization of aniline and intermacromolecular force between polyaniline and polyethersulfone, is proposed to construct a whole-polymer membrane electrode (PANI-FME) for flexible supercapacitors. The concentrations of H2SO4 and ammonium persulphate in coagulation bath have great influence on the basic membrane structure, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical performance. The area specific capacity achieves a maximum value of 1465.2 mC cm−2 at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, a device of asymmetric supercapacitors by employing the prepared electrode membrane as the positive electrode and the active carbon flexible membrane as negative electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 585 mC cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, an energy density of 813 mWh m−2, and a power density of 24.95 W m−2.
Background Neurocognition and negative symptoms play a major role in predicting functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. Few studies have assessed the relationship between functional outcomes and the MATRICS consensus cognition battery (MCCB), which will be central to future clinical trials of cognitive enhancing agents. Aims To assess the role of individual MCCB domains on functional outcomes. Method 185 stable outpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled and assessed with the MCCB, Social Adjustment Scale-II (SAS-II) and Multidimensional Scale for Independent Functioning (MSIF), along with BPRS and SANS. Results We found significant relationships between MCCB neurocognitive domain scores, negative symptoms and aspects of functional outcome in schizophrenia. Specifically, we found that work/education functioning is predicted by working memory performance and negative symptoms; residential status (independent living) is predicted by verbal memory scores; and social functioning is predicted by social cognition, attention and negative symptoms. We also found that negative symptom severity was not related to residential status, even though it demonstrated the predicted associations to work and social functioning. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess cognition and functional outcomes using MCCB, SAS II and MSIF. Our results extend prior work and help provide more data on the relationships between cognition, symptoms and functional outcome using “real world” measures.
It is necessary to be able to predict the lifetime of a battery in target applications in order to make sound technical and commercial decisions at the system design stage. In general, accurate lifetime prediction requires more than knowledge of ageing processes and the availability of battery models. A concise procedure linking user requirements, operating regimes and operating conditions of batteries to ageing processes and loss of performance has to be used. Quantified end-of-life criteria have to be defined with the details of the application requirements in mind. To verify lifetime prediction models it is necessary to have data of the battery when new and immediately before replacement, results of post mortem analysis and detailed data of the operation. This paper describes a procedure that can be used for lifetime prediction, outlines some of the requirements for a prediction and discusses the principles of battery models and their potential use for lifetime prediction.
The early identification and optimized treatment of wound dehiscence are a complex issue, with implications on the patient’s clinical and psychological postoperative recovery and on healthcare system costs. The most widely accepted treatment is surgical debridement (also called “wash out”), performed in theater under general anesthesia (GA), followed by either wide-spectrum or targeted antibiotic therapy. Although usually effective, in some cases, such a strategy may be insufficient (generally ill, aged, or immunocompromised patients; poor tissue conditions). Moreover, open revision may still fail, requiring further surgery and, therefore, increasing patients’ discomfort. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness, costs, and patients’ satisfaction of conventional surgical revision with those of bedside wound dehiscence repair. In 8 years’ time, we performed wound debridement in 130 patients. Two groups of patients were identified. Group A (66 subjects) underwent conventional revision under GA in theater; group B (64 cases) was treated under local anesthesia in a protected environment on the ward given their absolute refusal to receive further surgery under GA. Several variables—including length and costs of hospital stay, antibiotic treatment modalities, and success and resurgery rates—were compared. Permanent wound healing was observed within 2 weeks in 59 and 55 patients in groups A and B, respectively. Significantly reduced costs, shorter antibiotic courses, and similar success rates and satisfaction levels were observed in group B compared with group A. In our experience, the bedside treatment of wound dehiscence proved to be safe, effective, and well-tolerated.
For the purpose of finding an adequate carbon additive for a Fe/C composite air battery anode, effects of various carbons on the electrochemical properties of Fe/C composite electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Acetylene black, tubular carbon nanofiber (CNF) and platelet CNF exhibited good results, including improved conductivity and higher redox currents of the Fe/C electrode. EDS revealed that on the Fe/nano-carbon surface, especially on the Fe/tubular CNF surface, iron was more dispersed than on Fe/graphite after cycling. Such a high dispersion of iron on nano-carbon surfaces may improve the electrochemical behavior of the Fe redox species.
This study was designed to investigate the abilities of individuals with mental retardation to recognize and match emotional facial expressions from a series of photographs depicting various facial expressions. There were four groups of participants according to their place of residence (community or institution) and their intelligence level (mild or moderate). Each individual participated in two tasks: (1) recognizing a facial expression from an array of three pictures presented, and (2) matching a facial expression from one picture with a picture depicting a similar emotion from an array of three pictures. All information was presented to the participants in the native language, Hebrew. The six facial expressions used for the study included happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. The ability to recognize and match facial expressions was significantly higher for individuals with mild than moderate mental retardation. There was no significant difference for place of residence. Happiness was the easiest feeling to recognize and match for all groups. Fear and anger were the most difficult to recognize, while sadness and anger were most difficult to match.
Organosilicon (OS) electrolytes that integrate an ethylene glycol oligomer with a trimethylsilane head group are promising substitutes for commercial carbonate-based electrolytes because of their low flammability and their high electrochemical and thermal stability. To explore the factors that control thermal and electrochemical stability of these compounds, we developed a real-time headspace analysis apparatus with a mass spectrometer to detect the evolution of decomposition products during thermal cycling and during electrochemical measurements. Here we present mass spectroscopy, XPS, and SEM results exploring the thermal stability of [2-[2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]trimethylsilane (1NM3) with LiPF6, and its electrochemical stability against graphite anodes and LiCoO2 cathodes. Our results show that 1NM3 + LiPF6 shows no significant decomposition below 100 °C and at potentials below 4.5 V. At higher temperatures and/or potentials, decomposition of LiPF6 induces hydrolysis of 1NM3. Our results show that LiPF6 decomposition is the limiting factor controlling stability of 1NM3 + LiPF6 electrolytes and also provide fundamental insights into the molecular bonds of 1NM3 that are attacked by PF5 and its decomposition products. Full-cell measurements of 1NM3 + LiPF6 + vinyl carbonate show Coulombic efficiencies of >99.6%. These results point the way to new molecular structures that may have even further enhanced electrochemical and thermal stability.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an example of a critical care syndrome with limited treatment options once the condition is fully established. Despite improved understanding of pathophysiology of ALI, the clinical impact has been limited to improvements in supportive treatment. On the other hand, little has been done on the prevention of ALI. Olmsted County, MN, geographically isolated from other urban areas offers the opportunity to study clinical pathogenesis of ALI in a search for potential prevention targets.
Generally, battery lifespan depends on the number of cycles and depth of discharge (DOD). Nevertheless, in a renewable hybrid power system, charge and discharge cycles are random and not regular. Therefore, it is important to develop an aging model suitable to this case. Thus, in this paper, a pertinent way for aging lead–acid batteries connected to a stand-alone multi-source renewable system has been developed. It is based on the Rain Flow method for counting cycles and considers instantaneous DOD and average temperature. In fact, for each functioning year, a classification of the number of cycles according to the DOD is done. Then, based on these data, the battery degradation rate is estimated so that it is possible to draw conclusions about battery lifespan. The method has been successfully applied to a multi-source power system simulated dynamically under Matlab/Simulink. This last takes into account with good accuracy several inputs and elements such as sun irradiation, wind speed, load profile, photovoltaic generator, wind turbine, and diesel generator. Results show the influence of the DOD and the batteries nominal capacity on their lifespan. A mean of eight years’ life is detected. Finally, a reasonable over-sizing may favor battery longevity.
The synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) as electroactive material has been well reported; however, fabricating an LDH electrode with excellent electrochemical performance at high current density remains a challenge. In this paper, we report a 3D hierarchical porous flower-like NiAl-LDH grown on nickel foam (NF) through a liquid-phase deposition method as a high-performance binder-free electrode for energy storage. With large ion-accessible surface area as well as efficient electron and ion transport pathways, the prepared LDH-NF electrode achieves high specific capacity (1250 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 and 401 C g−1 at 50 A g−1) after 5000 cycles of activation at 20 A g−1 and high cycling stability (76.7% retention after another 5000 cycles at 50 A g−1), which is higher than those of most previously reported NiAl-LDH-based materials. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor with LDH-NF as the positive electrode and porous graphene nanosheet coated on NF (GNS-NF) as the negative electrode, delivers high energy density (30.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1) and long cycle life, which outperforms the other devices reported in the literature. This study shows that the prepared LDH-NF electrode offers great potential in energy storage device applications.