batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The molybdenum cluster compounds, LiYMo3O8 and Mn2Mo3O8 are prepared by the carbothermal reduction method and characterized by various techniques. The FT-IR at ambient temperature (RT), and Raman spectra at various temperatures (78–450K) are reported for the first time and results are interpreted. Magnetic studies on Mn2Mo3O8 in the temperature range, 10–350K confirm that it is ferrimagnetic, with T C =39K. Magnetic hysteresis and magnetization data at various fields and temperatures are presented. The Li-cyclability is investigated by galvanostatic cycling in the voltage range, 0.005–3.0V vs. Li at 30mA/g (0.08C). LiYMo3O8 shows a total first-discharge capacity of 305±5mAh/g whereas the first-charge capacity is only 180mAh/g at RT. However, both values increased systematically with an increase in the cycle number and yielded a reversible capacity of 385±5mAh/g at the end of 120th cycle. At 50°C, the reversible capacity is 418±5mAh/g at the 60th cycle. The coulombic efficiency ranges from 94% to 98%. The Li-cyclability behavior of Mn2Mo3O8 is entirely different from that of LiYMo3O8. The total first-discharge and charge capacities are 710±5 and 565±5mAh/g, but drastic capacity-fading occurs during cycling. The reversible capacity at the end of 50th cycle is only 205±5mAh/g. Plausible reaction mechanisms are proposed and discussed based on the galavanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, ex situ XRD, ex situ TEM and impedance spectral data.
Electrochemical properties of hydrogen storage alloys (AB5 type: LaMm-Ni4.1Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.45) were studied in 6M KOHaq using Limited Volume Electrode (LVE) method. Working electrodes were prepared by pressing alloy powder (without binding and conducting additives) into a metal net wire serving as a support and as a current collector. Cyclic voltammetry curves reveal well defined hydrogen sorption and desorption peaks which are separated from other faradic processes, such as surface oxidation. Voltammograms of LVE resemble the curves obtained by various authors for single particle metal alloy electrodes. Hydrogen diffusion coefficient calculated at room temperature for LV electrodes and for 100% state of charge reaches a constant value of ca. 3.3×10−9 and 2.1×10−10 cm2 s−1, for chronoamperometric and chronopotentiometric measurements, respectively. A comparison of the electrodes with average alloy particle sizes of ca. 50 and 4μm allows us to conclude that at room temperature hydrogen storage capability of AB5 alloy studied is independent on the alloy particle size. On the other hand, reduction of the particle size increases alloy capacity at temperatures below −10°C and reduces time of electrochemical activation of the electrode.
Archival tags have been used on fish for a number of years to measure temperature, pressure and salinity, among other parameters. Measurements of heart rate in fish can be used in a wide variety of biological and ecological studies, e.g., for evaluating short- and long-term effects of stressful conditions involved with fishing and farming practices, or events that are non-related to human activity, such as predator–prey interactions. Furthermore, if a relationship between temperature, heart rate and metabolic rate has been established there are potentials to establish long-term bioenergy models that include seasonal effects on feeding, locomotion, spawning and migration. However, heart-rate measurements in fish have been difficult to conduct in the wild due to lack of commercial availability, large size of the recording systems, difficulties with proper placement of external electrodes and restriction in setup with external systems. This work presents a validation of a commercial ECG (Electrocardiogram)-derived heart rate data logger on farmed Atlantic cod. This validation focuses on assessing the logger’s signal processing algorithm and recording quality.
The exploration of earth-abundant electrode materials with superior low-temperature behavior and high areal capacity have become more and more urgent for the field of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Hollow hierarchical microstructure composed of nanoscaled subunits holds great potential in developing novel electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a bubble-templated method to synthesize Fe2(MoO4)3 hollow microspheres, and the formation mechanism is carefully investigated. When evaluated as the lithium-ion battery anode, they exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1205 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles, good rate performance of 565 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, excellent low temperature capability of 281 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 at −20 °C, and high reversible areal discharge capacity of 5.2 mA h cm−2 with a high active material mass loading of 5 mg cm−2. Additionally, the full cell assembled with activated Fe2(MoO4)3 hollow microspheres negative electrode and LiFePO4 positive electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1115 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Furthermore, in situ X-ray diffraction analysis is applied to clarify the electrochemical reaction mechanism during the discharge/charge process.
We report the effect of Ti modification on structural, electronic and electrochemical properties of Li+ ion battery cathode material Li2FeSiO4. A density functional theory (DFT) study based on full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) approach has been performed on Li2FeSiO4 of Pmn21 polymorphic phase. Simulation of geometric, electronic structure and electrochemical characteristics of Li2FeSiO4 are performed prior to Ti modification. Ti doping is done by replacing either 50% Fe or 50% Si in Li2FeSiO4 with Ti. The optimized Ti-doped geometric structures are used to evaluate electronic structure and electrochemical properties in terms of density of states (DOS), and Li de-intercalation voltage. Effect of de-intercalation on structural stability, density of states and hence band-gaps are also analyzed. Feasibility of de-lithiation of more than one Li+ ion per formula unit of Li2FeSiO4 of Pmn21 polymorphic phase without and with Ti modification is estimated using FPLAPW approach. It is observed that, Ti doping by replacing 50% Fe would be suitable for more than one (1.5 Li ion) Li+ ion de-intercalation from Pmn21 polymorphic phase of Li2Fe0.5Ti0.5SiO4.
The authors regret 0.36 x 10-3 S cm-1. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. I have highlighted in 3.5 section the conductivity value should be 0.36 ×10 power -3 S cm-1 instead of power -4. I would be grateful if you can update the typo error so that it cannot lead to any confusion for the readers in the future.
A municipality with 90,000 inhabitants located in Central Brazil undertook to attract recycling enterprises. This study identifies the basic strategy of a household waste management model that would provide a steady supply of raw materials for the industry within a time frame of 20years. It developed the concept of sorted-waste composition to drive reverse logistics and ancillary industry. The domestic waste production rate was 45tons/day, and the immediate diversion potential stood at 67%. Annual progress indicators required to reach this potential within the given timeframe are detailed. Reverse logistics operators were found capable of removing all inert waste items separated at source. The necessary logistics for biodegradable matter are outlined. With the long-term guaranteed increase of recyclable material, a favourable environment for prospective industrial enterprises was constructed, and the challenge of the municipal administration was reduced to promoting source separation.
The Yb/Co coated nickel hydroxides were prepared by precipitation of Yb(OH)3 on the surface of spherical nickel hydroxide, followed by precipitation of Co(OH)2 on its surface. The optimum coating content of ytterbium was around 2% (atomic concentration) to obtain high discharge capacity at 60°C. It was shown that the discharge capacity of nickel hydroxide at high temperatures was improved by coating of ytterbium and cobalt hydroxide. The high temperature performances of the sealed AAA-sized Ni–MH batteries using Yb/Co coated nickel hydroxide as positive electrodes were carried out, showing much better than those using the un-coated and only Co(OH)2 coated nickel hydroxide electrodes. The charge acceptance of the battery using 2% Yb and 2% Co coated nickel hydroxide reached 92% at 60°C, where the charge acceptances for the un-coated and only cobalt coated ones were only 42 and 46%, respectively. It has shown that the Yb/Co coating is an effective way to improve the high temperature performance of nickel hydroxide for nickel–metal hydride batteries.
Aqueous Na-ion capacitor and battery are of great significance for both wearable electronics and stationary energy storage due to the inherent safety and low cost. However, conventional NaTi2(PO4)3 materials with irregular morphology and large size prepared by solid-state reaction still hinder the application of these systems. Herein, a newly structured porous single-crystal NaTi2(PO4)3 with uniform sizes was fabricated via a well-designed novel liquid transformation of ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets, followed by coating a conductive carbon sheath. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the porous single-crystal structure of NaTi2(PO4)3 materials. Examined in a three-electrode cell, this NaTi2(PO4)3 electrode demonstrates an outstanding rate capability of 80–102 mA h g−1 at varied current densities of 0.5–3 A g−1 due to the synergistic effect between porous nanostructure and outstanding stability originated from single-crystal structure. The high-quality NaTi2(PO4)3 was also assembled with N-doped carbon to fabricate an aqueous Na-ion capacitor with robust flexibility. This work paves the way for designing advanced Na super ion conductor (NASICON) based materials for aqueous energy storage systems.
The composition and formation of the SEI which is formed on lithium, which has been electrochemically deposited on a Cu substrate, is investigated by Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Semicarbonates, Li2CO3 and Li2C2 are identified as SEI components. The existence of Li2C2 is further proven with mass spectrometry by analyzing the gases which are formed by hydrolysis. Raman mapping reveals that Li2CO3 is homogeneously distributed over the copper substrate, on which lithium was deposited. At contrast, Li2C2 is mainly located on the plated lithium. An in situ Raman spectroscopy method for SEI investigation was developed and shows that Li2C2 is not formed at a potential >0 V vs. Li/Li+.
In the current paper a thorough analysis is conducted to assess, on one hand, the impact of vehicle electrification on electric grids and their related infrastructures, and, on the other, its potential contribution to GHG emission reduction. Such an analysis covers the timeframe 2011–2050, thus allowing to assess if the environment friendliness of both PHEV and BEV will be enough contributing, particularly towards the fulfillment of the objectives recently established both by official agreements among governments and research consortia (e.g. the International Energy Agency) as well. The expected time evolution of both PHEV and BEV private car fleets is modeled through a simplified market penetration model, along with the associated contribution in terms of well to tank and tank to wheel GHG emissions, thus providing the needed input data to the scenario analysis. Particularly, a longitudinal vehicle model is adopted to accurately estimate electric vehicle energy consumptions and related GHG emissions as a function of powertrain configuration, dimensions and mass. The analysis was run on several countries, thus providing useful outcomes to assess the suitability of given energy mix to fully exploit vehicle electrification. Such indications will therefore be useful to determine to which extent progressive decarbonization of current grids is required to meet the GHG reduction target by 2050.
In spite of the good electrochemical performance of graphene as electrode vs. lithium (half-cell configuration), graphene does not work in a full Li-ion cell as the delivered capacity continuously fades on cycling. The high irreversible capacity (IC) of the electrode observed in the former configuration, which is caused by the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, can be one of the causes of this shortcoming. As a remedy to this drawback, the graphene electrode was subjected to a lithiation process to form the SEI before assembling the full cell. Two lithiation methods were implemented: 1) precycling the electrode vs. a Li foil, and 2) placing the electrode in contact with a Li foil that was wetted with the electrolyte. Both methods improved the performance of the full cell, particularly the contact treatment, but the capacity retention on cycling was moderate. Moreover, not only does the electrode activation govern the electrochemical response, but factors such as the synthesis method and particle dimensions can also affect the cell performance.
Lithium cation and anion diffusion constants (D Li and D Anion) are plotted versus ionic conductivity (σ) (σ–D relation) for lithium organic electrolyte solutions which are important to investigate Li secondary batteries. Lithium salts studied are LiPF6, LiBF4, LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSA), LiN(SO2C2F5)2 (LiBETI), LiC4BO8 (LiBOB), LiSO3CF3 and Li2B12F12. Main organic solvents are propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), diethyl carbonate (DEC), four glymes and polyethylene glycol (PEG) dimethyl ethers of average molecular weights of 400 and 1,000. Mixing effects of two solvents are shown for EC-DEC-LiPF6 systems. In total, about 20 organic electrolyte solutions were studied. In addition, for six binary ionic liquid systems, σ–D relations are plotted. Values for the degree of apparent ion dissociation (α) were calculated from the D Li, D Anion and σ using the Nernst-Einstein (NE) relation and are plotted against σ (σ–α relation). The number of charge-carrying ions (N carrier) was estimated from the α and salt concentration, and plotted versus σ (σ-N carrier relation). To estimate the velocity of ions, the σ–D solvent relations are plotted. Also, the apparent lithium transference number (t Li) obtained simply from the D Li and D anion values are plotted versus σ (σ −t Li relation). While we have already reported all the data in our previous papers, we did not plot directly the ion diffusion constants and other parameters versus ionic conductivity. In this paper, the importance of the direct relations of σ–D, σ–α, and σ-N carrier is demonstrated to understand functions of lithium electrolyte solutions. The numerical data are freely available in Supplementary Information (SI), covering broad aspects of the fundamental and practical lithium electrolyte solution systems. We believe that they will contribute to the research and development for next generation Li battery systems.
Physiotherapy services are an important part of the primary health care services for children, serving a broad spectrum of children referred from different sources and for a variety of reasons. There is limited knowledge about their characteristics and outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the profile, i.e. referral patterns, baseline demographical and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment outcome at follow-up 6 months after baseline, of children receiving physiotherapy in primary health care.
Fuel cell/battery (FCB) systems are promising power generation/energy storage systems because of their bi-functionality as fuel cells and as secondary batteries. We investigated the required charging after the discharged manganese dioxide (MnOOH) by oxygen gas under the rest condition and during the fuel cell operation mode using manganese dioxide as a positive electrode for the FCB system. Electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic measurements. Additionally, changes in the crystal structure and the chemical functional groups during the electrode reactions were monitored by X-ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that MnOOH formed via the electrochemical discharge of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and that the oxyhydroxide can be chemically transformed back to MnO2 with gaseous oxygen (O2). The recharged MnO2 can be used as the cathode in a fuel cell with an O2 supply and it can also be electrochemically discharged without an O2 supply. In addition, we confirmed that MnO2 does not convert to Mn3O4 during the charge/discharge cycles if the redox reaction is maintained within a restricted range where a homogeneous process exists between MnO2 and MnOOH. The results in this study suggest that the FCB system can be constructed using MnO2 as the positive electrode and a metal hydride (MH) as the negative electrode, which can be rapidly charged to more than 70% of the theoretical capacity within 10min using pressurized H2 and electrochemically discharged, in an alkaline electrolyte. This system possesses a high-power generation efficiency, a high-energy density and a high load-following capability.
As a promising cathode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for large-scale energy storage applications, tunnel-structured Na0.44MnO2 is prepared by a facile and controllable urea-based solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method with subsequent calcination. The phase purity, morphology, homogeneity and particle size of the samples are quite dependent on the SCS fuel condition. The optimal sample f0.75 displays pure phase composition, high crystallinity and hierarchical-structured particles with uniform size of several microns, which are the agglomerates of well-calcined nano-rods and nano-slabs. The sample exhibits the highest reversible capacity of around 117 mAh/g at 0.1 C, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability, which even presents a high capacity of 100 mAh/g at 4 C after 300 cycles. The facile and controllable production and the superior electrochemical performance of the Na0.44MnO2 makes it a promising cathode material for the development of practical SIBs.
In this paper, a microgrid consisting of four fuel cell-battery hybrid Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) is devised for an industrial crusher–conveyor load. Each fuel cell was accompanied by a Li-ion battery to provide energy storage support under islanded condition of the microgrid since the fuel cells typically have poor transient response characteristics. After carrying out extensive modeling and analysis in MATLAB®, the battery utilization was found to vary significantly based on the DER's ‘electrical’ placement within the microgrid. This paper presents, under such conditions, a variety of battery life balancing solutions through the use of the new framework of Flexible Distribution of EneRgy and Storage Resources (FDERS). It is based on an in-situ reconfiguration approach through ‘virtual’ reactances that help in changing the ‘electrical’ position of each DER without physically displacing any component in the system. Several possible approaches toward balancing the battery utilization are compared in this paper taking advantage of the flexibility that FDERS offers. It was observed that the estimated battery life is dependent on factors such as cycling sequence, pattern, and occurrence.
Zinc–air batteries are devices which convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa during charge/discharge. Zinc–air battery has been used for a long time due to its high energy density, great availability and low-level pollution, and zinc–air primary battery has already commercialized in hearing aids, navigation lights, and railway signals so forth; while the problem of cyclelife limits rechargeable zinc–air battery applied to the fields of transportation and energy storage. To thoroughly understand the nature of electrically rechargeable zinc–air battery, we have made detailed failure mechanism investigations of zinc electrode, air electrode, electrolyte, and separator; meanwhile research progress of a rechargeable zinc–air battery respectively based on bifunctional air electrode and triple electrodes described in this work have been analyzed in comparison. Furthermore, working conditions including air system, electrolyte system and charge–discharge modes influencing zinc–air battery’s cyclelife have been discussed as well. The corresponding solutions are also provided for extending cyclelife of the battery, such as horizontal configuration, flowing electrolyte, pulsating currents, corrosion inhibitors, triple electrodes and so on. These causes and measures will help improve the cyclelife and performance of zinc–air batteries, and thus offer an alternative to energy storage and transportation.
The electropolymerization of o-methoxyaniline under self-limiting deposition conditions yields ultrathin (<20nm) coatings of an insoluble, low-molecular-weight polymer on planar indium-tin-oxide electrode substrates. The self-limiting nature of the electropolymerization is achieved by using citrate-buffered aqueous electrolytes (pH 4.7) in which the developing polymer that deposits at the electrified interface is neither conductive nor permeable to monomer. Although non-conductive as electrodeposited, the resulting poly(o-methoxyaniline) coating becomes electroactive when transferred to acidic aqueous electrolytes. The morphology and chemical structure of the poly(o-methoxyaniline) coatings are characterized by surface-sensitive methods including atomic force microscopy, specular-reflectance infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Fundamental understanding of the structure/property relationships derived from these investigations on planar substrates will ultimately be applied to three-dimensional electrode nanoarchitectures that incorporate such electroactive coatings for enhanced charge-storage functionality.
In this paper we shall review the major approaches done in the past concerning the development of immersive artistic installations. This will permit one to identify the basic features to be attained by this kind of installations and based on them a new cooperative and autonomous robotic platform will be proposed. The major novelty of the approach presented in this paper relies on its short- and long-term adaptation capabilities. The technical details of its basic building blocks and the results of the preliminary field tests will be provided, showing that it constitutes a very efficient platform for the construction of actual adaptive and immersive artistic installations.
The genotoxicity of extractable organic matter (EOM) from airborne particles in Shanghai has been determined using short-term bioassays. EOM samples were investigated using cell morphological transformation and two-stage model of mouse skin tumorigenicity assays to detect their carcinogenic activity. DNA adducts were detected using the 32 P -postlabeling technique. The results showed that EOMs induced cell morphological transformation and played a role in tumor-initiating carcinogenesis. The EOMs of airborne particles from different districts of Shanghai had similar carcinogenic activity except the result of sample E (at downtown of Shanghai) was relatively high. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction makes a major contribution to carcinogenic activity according to the results of cell morphological transformation assay. DNA adducts were also detected in skin, liver, and kidney of mouse after treatment with EOMs. It is suggested that the urban airborne particles in Shanghai, which show carcinogenic potential and genotoxic activity in our bioassays, may be responsible for the increased incidence of lung cancer in Shanghai in last few years.