batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this article, a new business model considering multiple stakeholders is proposed to develop a framework for third-party investment and future flexible retail electricity market in community microgrids. The proposed two-stage optimisation platform generates opportunities for multiple stakeholders to invest in the design of community microgrids, comprising multiple and different distributed energy resources such as renewable generation units, battery energy storage systems, and micro diesel engines, to minimize daily operational costs of the system. To proliferate the prosumers in retail energy markets as per the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, United Kingdom, a peer-to-peer energy trading and energy management scheme is also proposed. The optimal sizing of urban and remote community microgrids are determined in stage-1, followed by their optimal operations to minimise the daily operating cost of the community system in stage-2. An improved version of the genetic algorithm is employed to optimise decision variables in both the stages. Different cases are investigated which show the tremendous potential of revenue generation for all stakeholders while effectively optimizing techno-economic operations of microgrids.
We studied recent antibiograms (2010 to 2011) from 12 hospitals in the Hampton Roads area, Virginia, that refer patients to a tertiary-care facility affiliated with Eastern Virginia Medical School. The data was compiled into a regional antibiogram, and sensitivity rates of common isolates from the tertiary-care facility (central) were compared to those of referring hospitals grouped by locale. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common Gram- positive and E. coli the most common Gram- negative organism grown from clinical samples in the area. Overall 53% of S.aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. There was a broad scatter of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for vancomycin within the susceptibility range, and MIC of 4 μg/mL was reported in 2012. Penicillin resistance was seen in 50% and erythromycin resistance in 45% of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vancomycin resistance was seen in 75% of Enterococcus faecium and 2% of Enterococcus faecalis respectively. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most resistant Gram negative organism in the data compiled. Among the Escherichia coli, 26%, 44% and 52%were resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole ( SXT) ampicillin- sulbactam and ampicillin respectively. We found significant differences in methodology, interpretation and antibiotic panels used by area laboratories. Based on these findings, we are now prospectively following resistance patterns in the tertiary-care facility, sharing data, and creating a consistent approach to antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the region.
Interconnected porous graphene plays a crucial role as supercapacitive material as well as a current collector in developing metal free microsupercapacitor (MSC) because of its unique structure and superior conductivity. Electrochemical reduction followed by use of a laser irradiation method shows advances for the fabrication of the conductive graphene-based robust device. Use of Raman spectra proves that the laser irradiation method is capable of healing the defects with fused interconnected sheets, as a result, high conductivity and improved crystallinity of the laser irradiated graphene (LIG) sample is achieved. The LIG film on a flexible substrate was patterned with the aim to develop an on-chip flexible MSC, which offers a large working voltage of 1.2 V in an aqueous solid electrolyte. Interestingly, the MSC, without any metal current collector, shows a unique electrical-double layer behavior and unprecedented cycling stability. It is worth noting that the retention of the initial capacitance after 100000 continuous cycles was 100%. A large cell voltage of 10.8 V was realized by modularizing the array of devices without much degradation of the rectangular shapes of the voltammogram even at higher scan rates (100 V s−1). The array of LIG-MSC was integrated with a commercial solar cell module for hybrid energy harvesting and as a storage device. This study provides an effective strategy to build a metal free supercapacitor with exceptional cycle life and facilitates progress towards self-sustainable energy in the future.
Wind generation is currently the major form of new renewable, generation in the world. The wind power is totally dependent on wind flow, due to randomness and uncertainty of wind flow, the wind power generation is quite fluctuating in nature and large scale wind farms may cause significant impact to the power system safety, quality and stability. The active power mainly depends upon the potential of the wind power produced and wind turbine generator design. The reactive power demand on the other hand depends upon conversion devices and recovered power quality fed to the grid. The wind farms which accesses to power grid cause fluctuations and reactive power redistribution and sometimes lead to voltage collapse. Similarly, the dynamic voltage stability is a major challenge faced by distribution network operators. The easy solution comes into picture is to install reactive power source devices with optimization of the existing assets to deliver enhanced reactive power to the grid. With solution to reliability, voltage regulation, reactive power requirements, grid integration problems, weak grid interconnection, off grid wind power generation and its integration to power grid, wind power penetration in distribution grid, wind power uncertainty, flicker and harmonics etc. The categorization of issue considered the goal of our work is the reactive power management of wind farm in most technical and economical way without compromising quality power system voltage, and considering the wind turbine technology for already commissioned wind farm, and change in WT technology in present scenario. More than 100 research publications on voltage and reactive power control of wind farms, extending from year 2003 to 2013 have been critically examined, classified and listed for quick reference.
We implemented a program in which emission characterization is enabled through collaborations between academic, US and international non-governmental entities that focus on evaluation, dissemination, and in-use testing, of improved cookstoves. This effort resulted in a study of field and laboratory emissions from traditional and improved biofuel cookstoves. We found that field measured particulate emissions of actual cooking average three times those measured during simulated cooking in the laboratory. Emission factors are highly dependent on the care and skill of the operator and the resulting combustion; these do not appear to be accurately reproduced in laboratory settings. The single scattering albedo (SSA) of the emissions was very low in both lab and field measurements, averaging about 0.3 for lab tests and around 0.5 for field tests, indicating that the primary particles are climate warming. Over the course of three summers in Honduras, we measured field emissions from traditional cookstoves, relatively new improved cookstoves, and “broken-in” improved cookstoves. We found that well-designed improved cookstoves can significantly reduce PM and CO emission factors below traditional cookstoves. For improved stoves, the presence of a chimney generally resulted in lower emission factors but left the SSA unaffected. Traditional cookstoves had an average PM emission factor of 8.2gkg−1 – significantly larger than previous studies. Particulate emission factors for improved cookstoves without and with chimneys averaged about 6.6gkg−1 and 4.5gkg−1, respectively. The elemental carbon (EC) fraction of PM varied significantly between individual tests, but averaged about 25% for each of the categories.
We describe a large-scale simulation of the aftermath of a hypothetical 10kT improvised nuclear detonation at ground level, near the White House in Washington DC. We take a synthetic information approach, where multiple data sets are combined to construct a synthesized representation of the population of the region with accurate demographics, as well as four infrastructures: transportation, healthcare, communication, and power. In this article, we focus on the model of agents and their behavior, which is represented using the options framework. Six different behavioral options are modeled: household reconstitution, evacuation, healthcare-seeking, worry, shelter-seeking, and aiding & assisting others. Agent decision-making takes into account their health status, information about family members, information about the event, and their local environment. We combine these behavioral options into five different behavior models of increasing complexity and do a number of simulations to compare the models.
Polypyrrole (PPy) was directly synthesized on the surface of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles by in situ polymerization, resulting in a composite material which avoids direct contact with electrolyte and restricts the diffusion of discharge products. The microstructure of polymer-coated ZnO was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests, and TEM image clearly confirms the existence of a thin layer of polymer film (about 10 nm) around ZnO particles. Anodic polarization curves and impedance spectra measurements indicate that PPy-coated ZnO possesses higher electrochemical activity compared with pure ZnO. The electrodes prepared from PPy-coated ZnO exhibit remarkably superior cycle stability, while the blank electrodes without polymer coating suffer from rapid capacity fading.
With a view to minimize the unavoidable large volume changes of tin based Cu6Sn5 alloy anodes, a composite Cu6Sn5/graphite anode has been prepared via. a mechanical alloying process and subsequently coated with disordered carbon through pyrolysis of PVC. Phase pure products with better crystallinity and preferred surface morphology were obtained, as evident from PXRD and SEM respectively. Upon electrochemical charge-discharge, the intermetallic Cu6Sn5 alloy-graphite composite anode was found to exhibit an enhanced initial discharge capacity of 564 mAh g−1 followed by significant capacity fade (>20%) especially after five cycles. On the other hand, carbon coated Cu6Sn5 alloy-graphite composite demonstrated promising electrochemical properties such as steady reversible capacity (∼200 mAh g−1), excellent cycle performance (<5% capacity fade) and high coulombic efficiency (∼98%) via. significant reduction of volume changes. The carbon coating offers buffering and conductive actions on the anode active material and thereby enhances the electrochemical behavior of carbon coated Cu6Sn5 alloy/graphite composite anode material.
Fractal structure of a LiMn2O4 film electrode has been investigated and its fractal dimensions was determined using different electrochemical techniques, viz. cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results obtained from both these methods are in good agreement indicating the reliability of the estimated D f. The fractal study of the LiMn2O4 film electrode suggests a complex surface with high fractal dimension. In addition, length scales of the electrode surface were also calculated.
The provision of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services to an electric grid by electric vehicles (EVs) can potentially reduce the cost of vehicle ownership through revenue generation. Recent studies indicate that yearly vehicle profit from V2G may not be sufficient to induce widespread participation. This paper investigates the feasibility of a premium tariff rate for V2G power, similar to current feed-in-tariff (FIT) programs for renewable energy. Using Ontario, Canada as a case study, an hourly time-series model for a fleet of commuter EVs is created. Tariff rates for V2G peak power are calculated based on the same return on investment as the current FIT for renewable energy in Ontario. The tariff rates are competitive with the renewable energy tariffs, especially when EVs are allowed to provide ancillary services to the grid in addition to peak power. Despite the guaranteed rate of return, yearly vehicle profit is low. Two variations are considered to increase vehicle profit, thereby enhancing the attractiveness of V2G. A higher return on investment is favored over direct benefits offered to EV owners. A higher return on investment may be justifiable based on the higher level of risk inherent in V2G when compared to renewable energy.
The genetic structure of populations of the tick Amblyomma ovale from five distinct areas of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest was evaluated via DNA sequencing and associated with the presence of domestic dogs acting as hosts at the edge of forest fragments. Ticks were collected from domestic dogs and from the environment between 2015 and 2017. Four collection areas were located in the surroundings and within the Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo State (23°37′21"S, 45°24′43"W), where dogs were bimonthly monitored along 2 years using camera traps and GSM trackers. To determine the spatial limits of genetic structure, ticks collected upon dogs living near the Serra do Baturié, Ceará State (4°15′40"S, 38°55′54"W) were included as well. A total of 39 haplotypes of 16S rRNA and Cox 1 mitochondrial genes sequences were observed, with 27 of them coming from areas within the Serra do Mar State Park. No haplotype was shared between the Serra do Mar and the Serra do Baturié indicating isolation of tick populations at the scale of 2000 km. Although three different haplotype lineages of A. ovale occurred within the Serra do Mar State Park, no genetic structure was found across the study sites within this park, suggesting high tick gene flow across a range of 45 km. Monitoring data from domestic dogs and wild carnivores showed that these species share the same habitats at the forest edge, with dogs playing a likely limited role in tick dispersal. Our findings have important implications for understanding the genetic structure of wide spread A. ovale along Brazilian rainforest remnants, which can further be associated to tick-borne infectious agents, such as Rickettsia parkeri, and used for predicting future patterns of tick diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest.
An increasing global interest in clean energy alternatives requires new concepts for local storage of electricity. This leads to new research demand regarding suitable system architectures based on high-voltage batteries from electric vehicles. In this study, a new method for evaluating stationary system architectures is described. The assessment focuses on the system efficiency of different architectures. A sensitivity analysis is included to show further distinctions in criteria such as volume, weight and cost. Three system topologies for the use of new and second-hand batteries extracted from electric vehicles in stationary applications are presented. All components need to be able to operate in a bidirectional mode — the ability to absorb and release electricity from and into the grid. The first two topologies include one battery connected to the grid either with a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC inverter or with a DC/AC inverter and a transformer. The third topology involves the connection of two batteries in series with a DC/AC inverter, providing better characteristics in terms of the required power electronic components. The results show differences between one to two percentage points in efficiency. Moreover, the influence of parallelisation and various power distributions delivers close to five percentage points higher efficiency for the first topology with a DC/DC converter. Combined with the outcome of the sensitivity analysis, the topology with the DC/DC converter connected to the DC/AC inverter exhibits the best performance in the overall evaluation criteria.
Newly identified Li2MnSnO4/C nanocomposite, found to exist as a hybrid consisting of electrochemically active and inactive phases in the form of Li2SnO3, Mn2SnO4 and Li2O has been prepared by oxalyl dihydrazide assisted combustion method. Due to the presence of electrochemically active Li2SnO3 and Mn2SnO4 phases, an appreciable capacity of 610 and 400 mAh g−1 have been exhibited by Li2MnSnO4/C anode under a current density of 100 and 500mAg−1 respectively. The in-situ formed electrochemically inactive Li2O phase and the presence of conducting carbon network offer excellent capacity retention of ∼99% to the title anode. The study demonstrates the possibility of exploiting Li2MnSnO4/C as a high capacity and high rate lithium battery anode with appreciable coulombic efficiency.
The Australian coal mining industry, as with other industries is coming under greater constraints with respect to their environmental impacts. Emissions of acid gases such as NO x and SO x to the atmosphere have been regulated for many years because of their adverse health effects. Although NO x from blasting in open-cut coal mining may represent only a very small proportion of mining operations' total NO x emissions, the rapid release and high concentration associated with such activities may pose a health risk. This paper presents the results of a new approach to measure these gas emissions by scanning the resulting plume from an open-cut mine blast with a miniaturised ultraviolet spectrometer. The work presented here was undertaken in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia during 2006. Overall this technique was found to be simpler, safer and more successful than other approaches that in the past have proved to be ineffective in monitoring these short lived plumes. The average emission flux of NO x from the blasts studied was about 0.9ktt−1 of explosive. Numerical modelling indicated that NO x concentrations resulting from the blast would be indistinguishable from background levels at distances greater than about 5km from the source.
Tracing the battery’s state of charge (SOC) accurately in real-time is a vital requirement for safe and reliable battery management. This paper proposes a revised Ah counting method for SOC estimation by correlating the available capacity with the amount of dischargeable lithium (Li) in the electrode particles. The revised Ah counting method can capture the dynamic responses of SOC during the pulse discharge operations. The calculated discharge capacities for a LiPFeO4 battery with the revised Ah counting method are in close agreement with the measured values giving the maximum error by 1.1%. The changes in the unavailable Li in a carbon particle are analyzed. The results show that the variation of unavailable capacity is a gradual process during the pulse discharge. The accuracy of the traditional Ah counting and the revised Ah counting for SOC estimation are evaluated with the constant current pulse and the variable current pulses at different environment temperatures. The results indicate that the revised Ah counting method performs better synchronism than that of traditional Ah counting method. The maximum error of the estimated discharge time with the proposed method is less than 3.8% compared to the experimental measurement.
In this work, a Cahn–Hilliard phase-field model coupled with mechanics is proposed and implemented with the isogeometric finite element method in 3D. Thereby, phase-dependent elastic properties are taken into account. The model is derived from the variational theorem in the line of the original Cahn–Hilliard model and is in agreement with that derived using a microforce balance. Isogeometric analysis is employed to treat the fourth-order Cahn–Hilliard equation and the third-order drifting term in a straightforward fashion. The additional boundary condition ∇ c ⋅ n = 0 , arising from the Cahn–Hilliard equation, is enforced weakly using a Lagrange multiplier. The calculated phase segregation behavior in a bar is validated by analytical results. In particular, the influence of the phase-dependent elastic properties on phase segregation and the thickness of the phase interface is demonstrated. Finally, the phase segregation and the mechanical stress state in particles with different geometries are studied.
Coating formation over the surface of a highly porous material on the basis of activated carbon fiber is considered. The coating is applied from a colloidal solution of metals, with the goal of producing electrodes and composite polymer structures. Experiments show that porous carbon materials may be metallized by means of metal nanoclusters (measuring 2–10 nm) on the basis of electrophoresis, without loss of the initial porosity.
We report a simple one-pot solvothermal method of a FeS2/CNT (carbon nanotube) neural network nanostructure composite (FeS2/CNT-NN) that exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as a sodium-ion battery anode. In these composites, uniform microspheres assembled from FeS2 nanoparticles act as “somas” and CNTs act as “neurites”. The weight ratio of FeS2 to CNTs affects not only the composite morphology, but also the sodium-ion storage performance. By optimizing this ratio, we achieve stable capacities up to 394 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Most impressively, when the current densities are increased, excellent capacity and stability are maintained. At 1 A g−1 to 22 A g−1, surprisingly high capacities of 309 mA h g−1 to 254 mA h g−1 are maintained after 1800 cycles and 8400 cycles, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance has been found to originate from the unique neural network structure, which offers high surface area and small FeS2 particle size for sufficient sodiation and desodiation, and enough room and mechanical integrity for volume expansion. Pseudocapacitance has also been found to dominate in the redox reactions, accounting for the outstanding rate and cycling performance. The excellent charge-discharge performance shows that FeS2/CNT-NN composites are promising candidates for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries.
The aim of this study was to adapt and evaluate the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) for use in Chinese-speaking countries. A total of 1082 parents completed the DCDQ and 35 parents repeated it after 2 weeks for test–retest reliability. Two items were deleted after examination of test consistency. Cronbach's α for the total score was 0.89 and test–retest reliability was 0.94. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed this version to be compatible with the original and two adaptations of the DCDQ. One-way ANOVA and the post hoc tests revealed that the non-DCD group scored significantly higher than the DCD group and the suspect DCD group, but the latter two did not differ significantly. Sensitivity and specificity of the DCDQ were 73% and 54%. The estimated area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.68. Compared to the dichotomized grouping in assessing sensitivity and specificity, which provides clinicians with all or none information about a child's probability of being DCD, the informative conditional effect plot could alert clinicians to the child with less conspicuous movement problems. This adaptation of the DCDQ could be used for identifying motor coordination problems in Chinese-speaking societies.