batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In view of possible applications as single-ion electrolyte for lithium batteries, some aspects of the lithium form of Hyflon Ion ionomer, a sulfonic short side chain (SSC) electrolyte, have been investigated. The synthesis of the ionomer and the successive membrane preparation is reported. An appropriate methodology for the direct salification of the ionomeric membrane from the SO2F form to lithium salt, using lithium hydroxide in absence of organic solvent has been found. Utilizing these SSC lithium ionomer membranes and though a particular methodology for the dehydration of the lithium ion membrane in non-aqueous media, it has been possible to achieve an ionic conductivity of 10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature [W. Navarrini, S. Panero, B. Scrosati, A. Sanguineti, European Patent 1,403,958 A1 (2003)]. Surprisingly it was observed that the membrane ionic conductivity depends on the dehydration methodologies adopted.
In the work, we have successfully fabricated an aqueous, high potential asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon (RGONR) hybrid electrodes. Here, Co3O4/RGONR film worked as the positive electrode while RGONR film served as negative electrode in the designed ASC. Uniformly immobilized Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) onto graphene nanoribbon have the advantage of high electronic conductivity via underlying RGONR with short ion diffusion path in uniform mesoporous structure. As a consequence, ASC Co3O4/RGONR//RGONR exhibited 1.6V wide operating potential window for charge storage along with significantly improved capacitive performance than symmetric counterpart. It also demonstrates superior device performance with energy density, 64.2Whkg−1 (much higher than that of symmetric cell) with high power density, 8.3kWKg−1 due to optimized mass ratio of the electrodes. In addition, it reveals long term charge/discharge cycling stability with ~94% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. This high-performance hybrid ASC pave their way for promising applications of pulse power systems.
The concern for climate change and energy consumption has increased the demand for renewable energy production considerably. Marine energy sources attract attention because of their high energy density. Wave energy is an attractive renewable energy source with large potential. Due to the nature of the ocean waves, a linear wave energy converter generates intermittent power. It is therefore crucial to regularize the power before connecting to the grid. Energy storage systems present effective ways to minimize the power fluctuations and deliver a steady power to the grid. In this paper, we present an energy management control system with a dynamic rate limiter. The method is applied to control a hybrid energy storage system, combining battery and supercapacitor, with a fully active topology controlled by the power converters. The results show that the method is able to control the charging and discharging states of the battery and the supercapacitor, and minimize the power fluctuation to the grid. The algorithm ensures low losses by shifting the required power and the stored power smoothly over the energy storage system.
As a promising anode material for lithium ion battery, nano-Cu coated porous Si powder was fabricated through two stages: first, preparation of porous nano Si fibers by acid-etching Al-Si alloy powder; second, modified by nano-Cu particles using an electroless plating method. The nano-Cu particles on the surface of nano-Si fibers, not only increase the conductivity of material, but also inhibit the fuse process between nano Si fibers during charge/discharge cycling process, resulting in increased cycling stability of the material. In 1M LiPF6/EC: DMC (1:1)+1.5wt% VC solution at current density of 200mAg−1, the 150th discharge capacity of nano-Cu coated porous Si electrode was 1651mAhg−1 with coulombic efficiency of 99%. As anode material for lithium ion battery, nano-Cu coated porous Si nano fiber material is easier to prepare, costs less, and produces higher performance, representing a promising approach for high energy lithium ion battery application.
Porous carbons derived from microalgae were prepared using a pyrolysis method. The microstructure and electrochemical performance were studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometer, scanning and electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical performance was investigated using electrochemical methods. A carbon sample pyrolyzed at 900°C exhibited a hierarchical pore structure with a large amount of microcrystalline graphitic domains. As a result, this sample delivered the best electrochemical performance with specific charge capacities of 445mAhg−1 at 0.1C and 370mAhg−1 at 1C, respectively. In addition, this sample showed a capacity retention of 95% after 500 cycles at 1C. The good electrochemical performance of the pyrolytic carbon is attributed to the combined contributions of the hierarchical porous structure and microcrystalline graphitic carbon domains.
Composite electrodes for supercapacitors are prepared via template synthesis by the electrochemical polymerization of 3-methyl thiophene in the heterogeneous void spaces of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous films. The large pore size distribution in the template matrix results in some of the poly(3-methyl thiophene) growing in a more ordered fashion than in films synthesized without spatial restriction, and this can lead to improved conductivity and kinetics. In this work, the capacitance properties of a poly(3-methyl thiophene)/PVDF composite were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge tests. The P(3-MeT)/PVDF|PC/EC/1molL−1 LiClO4|P(3-MeT)/PVDF type III capacitor had a specific capacitance of 616Fg−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 93%. The power density decreased during ∼300 cycles and then became practically constant at 7.3kWkg−1. These results indicate that template synthesis is an useful alternative to enhance the properties of conducting polymers.
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the extinction of emotional memories, including conditioned fear. We found that ventral hippocampal (vHPC) projections to the infralimbic (IL) cortex recruited parvalbumin-expressing interneurons to counter the expression of extinguished fear and promote fear relapse. Whole-cell recordings ex vivo revealed that optogenetic activation of vHPC input to amygdala-projecting pyramidal neurons in the IL was dominated by feed-forward inhibition. Selectively silencing parvalbumin-expressing, but not somatostatin-expressing, interneurons in the IL eliminated vHPC-mediated inhibition. In behaving rats, pharmacogenetic activation of vHPC→IL projections impaired extinction recall, whereas silencing IL projectors diminished fear renewal. Intra-IL infusion of GABA receptor agonists or antagonists, respectively, reproduced these effects. Together, our findings describe a previously unknown circuit mechanism for the contextual control of fear, and indicate that vHPC-mediated inhibition of IL is an essential neural substrate for fear relapse.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) results from a dynamic balance between aqueous humor formation and outflow. The simplest technique to measure IOP is indentation tonometry. Another technique is applanation. These methods are related to the elasticity of the eye, which mainly depends on its thickness and hysteresis. For several decades, Goldmann applanation tonometry has been the most accepted method of measuring IOP; the Goldmann tonometer is still used in all important trials. The relationship between IOP values and central corneal thickness (CCT) is well known; Goldmann stated that this relationship only holds for an average corneal thickness of 520 μm measured by optical pachymetry. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) showed that CCT is an important risk factor for a change from ocular hypertension to primary open-angle glaucoma. In a multivariate model that included IOP, CCT was the most powerful component of the predictive model. In the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) with an 11-year follow-up, CCT was a significant predictive factor for glaucoma progression in patients with higher baseline IOP but not in those with lower baseline IOP. Clinical trials such as the OHTS and EMGT cannot prove that CCT is linked to a risk for glaucoma on a biological level. Thus, in eyes with glaucoma, IOP must be treated because it has a significant influence on progression of glaucoma, regardless of the baseline IOP and CCT.
A 36-cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was contaminated with 50 ppm propene in air. Propene contamination amplified the uneven cell performance distribution along the stack length. End cells showed a larger performance change due to contamination than contiguous cells owing to a lower temperature and a larger effect of contamination at lower temperatures. The performance change of the inner cells linearly varied from cell 2 to cell 35 and was attributed to several causes including the uneven sub-saturated air flow distribution and the propene oxidation reaction involving a water molecule. The inner cells performance distribution was also credited to the uneven coolant flow distribution and a large effect of temperature on contamination. Higher cathode potentials acted as a cleaning method that minimized the contamination effect by promoting propene oxidation and led to weakly adsorbing CO2. As a consequence, higher cathode potentials also resulted in smoothing the uneven inner cells performance distribution.
A series of polyaniline-Fuller's Earth (PANI-FE) nanocomposites were prepared by the successive intercalation of anilinium ions followed by polymerisation within the interlayer spaces of Fuller's Earth (a type of calcium montmorillonite). The first member in the series is prepared by exchanging the calcium ions in Fuller's Earth for ammonium ions and subsequently for anilinium ions and polymerising the latter using an externally introduced oxidant. The emeraldine salt form of polyaniline formed is then neutralised with ammonium hydroxide and more anilinium ions are exchanged for ammonium ions and polymerised to get the second member. In this manner, by making use the unique chemistry of clay and polyniline, four members of PANI-FE are prepared. In the last member, the negative layer charges of Fuller's Earth is completely neutralised by the positive charges of the polymer. The extent of polymer loading in each stage, the effect polymer has on the host structure and the electronic and ionic components of the conductivities of the new PANI-FE nanocomposites are investigated. The Fe(III) sites in FE are capable of spontaneously polymerising aniline within its intergalleries. The extent of spontaneous polymerisation is limited by the amount of Fe(III) present in the FE. The deliberate polymerisation of remaining anilinium ions by externally introduced oxidant results in highly conductive emeraldine salt-FE (EMS-FE) nanocomposites. The FE host accommodates higher amount of emeraldine salt and the repetitive insertions of the polymer could be done four times for complete layer charge neutralisation whereas with Bentonite the layer charge saturation takes place with three successive insertions. The new EMS-FE nanocomposites exhibit more than order of magnitude greater tuneable ionic and electronic conductivities compared to those of the same polymer incorporated in Bentonite.
Noncovalent functionalization of graphene with iron tetrasulfophthalocyanine (FeTsPc) is achieved not only to prevent the aggregation of graphene but also form an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The electrochemical activity of the FeTsPc-functionalized graphene (FeTsPc-graphene) is evaluated towards the ORR using cyclic voltammogram (CV) and linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) methods. More positive peak potential and larger peak current of ORR are found using FeTsPc-graphene electrode as compared to FeTsPc electrode, suggesting enhanced activity of FeTsPc after adsorbing on graphene surface. The maximum power density of 817mWm−2 obtained from the MFC with a FeTsPc-graphene cathode is higher than that of 523mWm−2 with a FeTsPc cathode and is close to that of 856mWm−2 with a Pt/C cathode. Thus, FeTsPc-graphene nanocomposites can be a good alternative to Pt catalyst in MFCs.
A population-based longitudinal sample of 489 twin pairs was assessed at six time points over ten years to examine the measurement invariance and stability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, as well as the developmental relations between inattention (IN), hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI), and multiple aspects of functional impairment. Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms and functional impairment were obtained in preschool and after the completion of kindergarten, first, second, fourth, and ninth grades. Results of the temporal and sex invariance models indicated that parent ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms function in the same manner for females and males from early childhood into adolescence. In addition to establishing this prerequisite condition for the interpretation of longitudinal and between-sex differences in the IN and HI symptom dimensions, cross-lagged models indicated that both IN and HI were associated with increased risk for both concurrent and future overall, social, and recreational impairment, whereas only IN was uniquely associated with later academic impairment. Taken together, the current results demonstrate that IN and HI are highly stable from preschool through ninth grade, invariant between females and males, and indicative of risk for impairment in multiple areas, thereby providing strong support for the validity of the symptom dimensions among both sexes.
Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O catalyst was successfully prepared through the deposition of hydrated RuO2·xH2O on Pt/C catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The Pt/C and Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O catalysts were compared using physical and electrochemical techniques. The ON–OFF cycling test results showed sudden cell failures after 1,850 and 1,160 cycles for Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O and Pt/C, respectively. Nearly 11.2% of the cell voltage of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O was lost after 1,160 cycles, compared with 26.3% for Pt/C. The charge transfer resistances of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O and Pt/C increased from 0.5217 and 0.5366 Ω to 0.5732 and 0.7261 Ω, respectively. The remaining electrochemical active surface area of Pt was about 30.6% in Pt/C and about 68.9% in Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O after the ON–OFF test. The mean particle size of Pt/C significantly increased from 4.6 to 8.9 nm, whereas that of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O increased from 4.3 to 6.3 nm. Therefore, the long-term durability of Pt/C–RuO2·xH2O in a PEMFC was much better than that of Pt/C.
This study provides insight into how the energetic performance of a typical photovoltaic solar system (PV) will change in a warmer world with increased levels of greenhouse gases. It was considered a photovoltaic system disconnected from the distribution grid, similar to those available in the market. The methodology covers systems without batteries and with the use of batteries with finite electric charge storage. The climatic change is accessed from a scenario predicted from the HadCM3(Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3) major global circulation model reported in the International Panel for Climatic Change (IPCC). The outputs from a future weather scenario were used as inputs for the long-term performance simulations for the typical PV solar system. The results encompass predictions for the decades of 2020, 2050 and 2080, and are presented in terms of monthly average daily energy output, fraction of the load supplied for a system with and without battery, and energetic efficiency. Seven cities in different climatic zones were evaluated. The cities and regions presented distinct behaviors, such that in some cases the PV system generated less energy, while in others an increase in photovoltaic generation was observed. However, regarding the energetic efficiency of the system, all scenarios presented increasing losses throughout the decades.
Controlling the growth of (001) lattice plane for orthorhombic niobium pentoxide is an effective method to enhance its electrochemical performance. Herein, the oriented Nb2O5@C nanorods with capsule structure which grows along the perpendicular direction to the (001) lattice plane are successfully fabricated by a hydrothermal method with a later heat treatment process. As an anode for Li-ion batteries, the oriented Nb2O5@C composite delivers an ultralong cycling stability of 200 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and enhanced rate capability of 413 and 143 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 5 A g−1 respectively, which are much better than those of Nb2O5 electrode. Further investigations reveal that the oriented Nb2O5@C composite shows lower charge-transfer resistance, higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and maintains a surface-controlled pseudocapacitive mechanism. The superior performances are ascribed to the synergetic effect of [001]-orientation, small Li+ diffusion lengths in the nanorods building flowers and capsule-nanostructure with uniform carbon coating.
Redox flow batteries show promise for grid-scale energy storage applications but are presently too expensive for widespread adoption. Electrolyte material costs constitute a sizeable fraction of the redox flow battery price. As such, this work develops a techno-economic model for redox flow batteries that accounts for redox-active material, salt, and solvent contributions to the electrolyte cost. Benchmark values for electrolyte constituent costs guide identification of design constraints. Nonaqueous battery design is sensitive to all electrolyte component costs, cell voltage, and area-specific resistance. Design challenges for nonaqueous batteries include minimizing salt content and dropping redox-active species concentration requirements. Aqueous battery design is sensitive to only redox-active material cost and cell voltage, due to low area-specific resistance and supporting electrolyte costs. Increasing cell voltage and decreasing redox-active material cost present major materials selection challenges for aqueous batteries. This work minimizes cost-constraining variables by mapping the battery design space with the techno-economic model, through which we highlight pathways towards low price and moderate concentration. Furthermore, the techno-economic model calculates quantitative iterations of battery designs to achieve the Department of Energy battery price target of $100 per kWh and highlights cost cutting strategies to drive battery prices down further.
The rational design and development of highly conductive hierarchical nanostructured materials are of great importance to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Great efforts have been committed to the development of positive electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). However, it is still necessary to develop better negative electrodes for practical applications. In present investigation, a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-tungsten trioxide (MWCNT-WO3) hybrid nanostructure is prepared as a negative electrode for ASC. The MWCNT-WO3 hybrid electrode is prepared using a simple two-step approach, which involves coating of MWCNTs on carbon cloth substrates followed by hydrothermal treatment to deposit WO3 nanorods on the MWCNT-coated carbon cloth. The MWCNT-WO3 hybrid electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance (areal capacitance) of 429.6 F g−1 (1.55 F cm−2) and capacity retention of 94.3% after 5000 cycles, which are higher than the 155.6 F g−1 (0.43 F cm−2) and 84.9% shown by pristine WO3 in 1 M LiClO4 electrolyte. A flexible all-solid-state ASC is self-assembled with MWCNT-WO3 as a negative electrode, MnO2 as a positive electrode, and PVA-LiClO4 as a gel electrolyte. The MnO2//MWCNT-WO3 ASC achieve specific capacitance of 145.6 F g−1 at a current of 2 mA and specific energy of 39.63 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 546 W kg−1. Specifically, the ASC exhibits superior long-term cycling stability (77% over 10000 cycles) and excellent mechanical flexibility with less capacitance loss. These remarkable results demonstrate the potential of using MWCNT-WO3 hybrid nanostructures for the fabrication of high-performance energy storage devices.
Mobile Edge computing (MEC) and caching are new forms of computing architecture which brings network functions to the network edge or physical proximity of the users. In MEC, the mobile cloudlets are smart phones which offer computational services to other smart phones available in the physical proximity. Selection of the device for offloading computationally intensive tasks is a very important criterion for end-users Quality of Service. This work focuses on optimal selection of devices which receives offloaded computational tasks. This paper presents a non-cooperative extensive game model where players maximize their pay-offs which leads to minimization of response time. Further, we make our proposed model to implicitly depend upon the battery life of the computational task receivers. The game model achieves Nash Equilibrium by using backward induction technique. This work also takes care of the device availability by clustering the previous availability data. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model upon response time, end-users utility and memory utilizations. We also see that the proposed work out performs the different schemes which we used for comparisons.
TiO2-graphene nanocomposite was prepared by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in colloidal suspension of graphene oxide and in situ hydrothermal treatment. It provides an efficient and facile approach to yield nanocomposite with TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly embedded on graphene substrate. The electrochemical behavior of adenine and guanine at the TiO2-graphene nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode was investigated. The results show that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity and voltammetric response towards these species comparing with that at the graphene film. The TiO2-graphene based electrochemical sensor exhibits wide linear range of 0.5–200μM with detection limit of 0.10 and 0.15μM for adenine and guanine detection, respectively. The excellent performance of this electrochemical sensor can be attributed to the high adsorptivity and conductivity of TiO2-graphene nanocomposite, which provides an efficient microenvironment for electrochemical reaction of these purine bases.
What is claimed to be a new class of battery separator, which has the potential to bring unprecedented benefits to battery performance, is being developed in Korea at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology. Here, we briefly look at what is involved.
Beneficial use of waste relies on efficient systems for collection and separation. In Sweden, a bring system involving recycling centres for collection of bulky, electr(on)ic and hazardous waste has been introduced. A significant share of this waste is incorrectly sorted, causing downstream environmental implications. At present, however, there is a lack of affordable and accurate monitoring methods for providing the recycling centres with the necessary facts for improving the sorting of waste. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the usability of a simplified and potentially more suitable waste monitoring method for recycling centres. This method is based on standardised observations where the occurrence of incorrect sorting is monitored by taking digital pictures of the waste which then are analysed according to certain guidelines. The results show that the developed monitoring method could offer a resource-efficient and useful tool for proactive quality work at recycling centres, involving continuous efforts in developing and evaluating measures for improved sorting of waste. More research is however needed in order to determine to what extent the obtained results from the monitoring method are reliable.