batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll-a (hereafter referred to as Chl-a) is a recognized indicator for phytoplankton abundance and biomass –hence, an effective estimation of the trophic condition– of water bodies as lakes, reservoirs and oceans. Indeed, Chl-a is the primary molecule responsible for photosynthesis. A strong and robust Bayesian nonparametric technique, termed Gaussian process regression (GPR) approach, for foretelling the dependent variable Chl-a concentration in Tanes reservoir from a dataset concerning to 268 samples is shown in this paper. Ten years (2006–2015) of monitoring water quality variables (biological and physico-chemical independent variables) in the Tanes reservoir were used to build this mathematical GPR-relied model. As an optimizer, the method known as Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGSB) iterative algorithm was used; this allows the selection of kernel optimal parameters during the GPR training phase, which greatly determines the regression precision. The results of the current investigation can be summarized in two. Firstly, the relevance of each input variable on Chl-a concentration in Tanes reservoir is determined. Secondly, the Chl-a can be successfully predicted using this hybrid LBFGSB/GPR–relied model (R2 and r values were 0.8597 and 0.9306, respectively). The concordance between observed data and the model clearly proves the high efficiency of this innovative approach.
At present, solar energy resources are becoming more and more popular as a substitute for conventional energy sources, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to further improve the utilization rate of solar energy resources, storage, as an important supplement, is more and more widely used. One of the most important research directions is to determine the necessary size of storage capacity by mathematic modeling. This paper will describe a new and efficient decision-making process to determine a series of storage capacities for a grid-connected PV system. The benefit of using a decision-making model is that it can easily determine the most appropriate storage capacity for the system. The paper will show here that the decision-making model will not only find the most effectiveness storage, but also find the relationship between storage capacities and the utilization rates of renewable energy. The case study shows that using 141.25 kWh storage increases the utilization rate of renewable energy in demand by 3.605%. And it would recover the storage cost by 4.66 years in Australia market.
The positive plates with conductive materials, Pb3O4 and BaPbO3, in automotive lead-acid batteries were investigated by measuring their current and potential distributions in the course of formation and discharge. It is found that these two conductive materials, especially Pb3O4, enhance the formation in the initial stage greatly and that they make the current and potential distributions more uniform. In the discharge, the addition of Pb3O4 increases the capacity of the positive plate, but it is unfavorable to the paste curing and causes poor contact between active mass (AM) particles so that the polarization increases greatly at 3C discharge rate. The BaPbO3 additive improves not only the formation but also the discharge performance because of its stability in acidic media and at high polarization. The violent charge at high polarization around the plates in the initial formation can lead to poor AM contact and high polarization resistance.
Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high room-temperature ionic conductivity (>10−3 S cm−1), wide electrochemical windows, and good compatibility toward oxide cathode materials have achieved impressive progress and attracted significant attention for application in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). This review presents an overview of halide SSEs, including their development, structure, ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and current limitations. Firstly, we give a brief overview of the historical development of halide-based SSEs, followed by an introduction to the different types of halide SSEs. From a practical point of view, the synthesis methods, especially scalable liquid-phase synthesis, are intensively discussed. Then, the associated stability issues involving basic structure stability, air/humidity stability, and electrochemical stability (electrolyte/SSE interface and electrochemical stability window) are also discussed in detail. Comprehensive coverage and thorough understanding of the properties of halide SSEs are provided and it is expected to help guide the development of future SSEs towards ASSLBs for energy storage applications.
JWB1-84-1 is one of 50 tertiary amine analogs of choline synthesized with expectation that they would be high potency compounds for cytoprotection. As one of the more potent analogs in this regard, JWB1-84-1, a piperazine derivative, was selected for testing as a cognition-enhancing agent. The compound was evaluated for efficacy in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice (B6C3-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J). A separate cohort of mice (AD Tg) were first subjected to a behavioral test battery in which the transgenic strain was compared with the wild-type strain. AD Tg mice were shown to exhibit specific deficits in the acquisition of a working memory (5-trial/session radial arm water maze, RAWM) task at a time when the animals exhibited maximal cerebral amyloid burden. JWB1-84-1 produced a dose-dependent decrease in the number of errors made by well trained AD-Tg mice the RAWM task that was maximal after the 20μg/kg dose. Aged macaques (20–32y) were trained to proficiency in their performance of a computer-assisted delayed matching-to-sample task. Vehicle (normal saline) or JWB1-84-1 (5–150μg/kg, i.m.) was administered 10min before the initiating of testing. On average, JWB1-84-1 treatment significantly improved task accuracy after all but the lowest dose. The maximal degree of improvement was attained after animals received the 100μg/kg dose. The drug's effects were restricted primarily to Medium and Long delay trials – the most difficult portions of the task, which were improved by up to 18% above control. In young macaques JWB1-84-1 treatment also significantly reversed the decrements in task accuracy associated with the random presentation of a task distractor. Thus JWB1-84-1exhibits the potential for treating the cognitive symptoms associated with neurodegenerative diseases and attention deficit disorders. Its cytoprotective action might also work to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Zeolites LiY, NaY, KY and ZnY were impregnated with small amounts of the corresponding metal halides (chloride, bromide and iodide) and tested as catalysts for the carboxylation of styrene oxide with CO2. The KI/KY system was tested at 100 °C and 50 bar and yielded 100% of styrene carbonate, by 1H NMR, within 6 h, whereas KI alone required 15 h to achieve the same yield. The reaction occurs inside the zeolite pores, with the metal cations acting as Lewis acidic centers and the impregnated halides as nucleophiles. Theoretical calculations indicated that chlorides are better stabilized within the zeolite cage than iodides, explaining the reactivity order and suggesting a solvent-like behavior of the zeolite structure.
Mesoporous SnO2 nanotubes are prepared by templating against carbon fibers through a facile solution approach followed by calcination at 800°C for 2h. The nanotubes are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption. The electrochemical performances as the anodes of lithium-ions batteries are studied by the cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanostatic discharge–charge voltage tests. Because of its unique structure (the mesoporous wall, internal void and open ends), the as-obtained mesoporous SnO2 nanotubes demonstrate a reversible capacity of 585mAhg−1 up to 50 cycles at a high current density of 400mAg−1.
Electrochemical performances of LiMn2O4 (LMO) – poly (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperinidyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) hybrid electrodes are investigated. Different constituent ratios are tested and the impact on the power and the cycling performances is discussed. Variable rate galvanostatic charge/discharge tests show improved energy-power performances and capacity retention of the hybrid LMO/PTMA electrodes when compared to pure LMO electrodes. This enhancement is correlated to a sequential power delivery mechanism by the fast kinetic component (PTMA) subsequently recharged by the high-energy constituent (LMO). Hybrid electrodes are shown to deliver higher energy and longer cycle life when subjected to power pulse tests. The combination of the PTMA power buffer component with the LMO high-energy sink proves the potential of the hybrid energy-power electrodes in pulsed discharge applications.
Realization of rechargeable batteries with alkali metal anodes is challenged by their high reactivity and dendritic growth. Now, an alloy-based, artificial solid electrolyte interphase is shown to allow smooth metal deposition, enhance interfacial charge transfer, protect against parasitic reactions and offer extra energy storage.
Heterostructures with alternating layers of different 2D materials are finding increasing attention in energy applications. Pomerantseva and Gogotsi survey the opportunities and challenges of both developing the heterostructures and their implementation in energy storage devices.
Thermal energy harvesting from natural resources and waste heat is becoming critical due to ever-increasing environmental concerns. However, so far, available thermal energy harvesting technologies have only been able to generate electricity from large temperature gradients. Here, we report a fundamental breakthrough in low-grade thermal energy harvesting and demonstrate a device based on the thermomagnetic effect that uses ambient conditions as the heat sink and operates from a heat source at temperatures as low as 24 °C. This concept can convert temperature gradients as low as 2 °C into electricity while operating near room temperature. The device is found to exhibit a power density (power per unit volume of active material) of 105 μW cm−3 at a temperature difference of 2 °C, which increases to 465 μW cm−3 at a temperature difference of 10 °C. The power density increases by 2.5 times in the presence of wind with a speed of 2.0 m s−1. This advancement in thermal energy harvesting technology will have a transformative effect on renewable energy generation and in reducing global warming.
Supplying global energy demand with CO2-free technologies is becoming feasible thanks to the rising affordability of renewable resources. Hydrogen is a promising vector in the decarbonization of energy systems, but more efficient and scalable synthesis is required to enable its widespread deployment. Here we report contactless H2 production via water electrolysis mediated by the microwave-triggered redox activation of solid-state ionic materials at low temperatures (<250 °C). Water was reduced via reaction with non-equilibrium gadolinium-doped CeO2 that was previously in situ electrochemically deoxygenated by the sole application of microwaves. The microwave-driven reduction was identified by an instantaneous electrical conductivity rise and O2 release. This process was cyclable, whereas H2 yield and energy efficiency were material- and power-dependent. Deoxygenation of low-energy molecules (H2O or CO2) led to the formation of energy carriers and enabled CH4 production when integrated with a Sabatier reactor. This method could be extended to other reactions such as intensified hydrocarbons synthesis or oxidation.
The authors regret that, in the second paragraph of Section 1, the words “77% lower” should be “expected to be lower”. In the first paragraph of Section 2, the words “prepared graphene” should be “reported that scholars prepared graphene”. All the word “they” in this paragraph should be “the scholars”. In the first paragraph of Section 4, the word “designed” should be “reported” and the word “simulated” should be “documented”. And, in the paragraphs of Section 5, the word “battery” should be “fuel cell” and the word “batteries” should be “fuel cells”. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
A highly crystalline macroporous β-MnO2 was hydrothermally synthesized using stoichiometric reaction between KMnO4 and MnCl2. The as-prepared material has a pore size of ca. 400nm and a shell thickness of 300–500nm. The formation of the macroporous morphology is related to self-assembling from nanowires of α-MnO2, and could be obtained at high reactant concentrations (e.g., 0.8M KMnO4) but not at low ones (e.g., below 0.04M KMnO4). Compared to conventional bulk β-MnO2 processing very low capacity, our macroporous material exhibits good electrochemical activity, e.g., obtaining an initial discharge capacity of 251mAhg−1 and sustaining as ca. 165mAhg−1 at 10mAg−1. The electrochemical activity of the as-prepared β-MnO2 is related to its macroporous morphology and small shell thickness; the former leads to that electrolyte can flood pore of the material and its inner surface is available for lithium ion diffusion, while the latter helps to release the stress from phase transformation during the initial discharging. The X-ray diffraction characterizations of the macroporous β-MnO2 electrodes suggest that, upon initial discharging, such a β-MnO2 will be irreversibly transformed to an orthorhombic Li x MnO2 and then cycled within the new developed phase in the subsequent lithium insertion/extraction processes.
A Li-S battery with safety configuration has been constructed by employing electrochemically prelithiated Si/C microspheres as an anode, S/C composites as a cathode, and a room temperature ionic liquid of n-Methyl-n-Allylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (RTIL P1A3TFSI) as an electrolyte. Galvanostatic discharge–charge tests show that the as-assembled Li-S battery could deliver a high discharge specific capacity of 1457mAhg−1 (based on the sulfur cathode) at 0.1C, indicating the high Li electroactivity of the system. The reversible capacity is 926.4mAhg−1 in the first cycle, and could remain as high as 670mAhg−1 after 50 cycles, revealing the favorable compatibility between the RTIL P1A3TFSI electrolyte and the two electrode materials in the Li-S battery. The as-assembled Li-S battery in the charged state can be used for energy output without activation process by charging. This green rechargeable Li-S battery typically gives an output voltage of 1.5V per cell, which raises the potential for directly replacing the widely used 1.5V primary alkaline batteries and dry cells without any change of external circuits of current electronic devices but more rechargeable and powerful.
Soil has traditionally been the disposal site for most heavy metal waste. Since metals can not be degraded, soil remediation requires their removal with phytoextraction, being a cost effective alternative in which metal accumulator plants are used to remove toxic metals from soil. Aromatic crops, used for the production of essential oils, may be a suitable alternative to be used in agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals, since after removal, a marketable product is left. The present study investigated the effects that high concentrations of lead (Pb) have on the volatile compounds in leaves of Tagetes minuta L., growing near a battery recycling plant and also determined whether Pb was present in its essential oil. In this way, it could be evaluated whether the use of this species for Pb phytoremediation supports safe production. To carry this out, it was determined whether the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation contained Pb, which was also checked for each individual of T. minuta, by measuring the amount of this metal in leaves using the technique of X-ray fluorescence and calculating the percentages of volatiles by the HS-SPME technique. The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation did not have any detectable Pb, there by demonstrating that it is not transferred to the essential oil. Regarding the volatiles, the highest concentrations encountered were for cis-tagetone, dihydrotagetone and verberone. Furthermore, the compounds β-ocimene and α-thujone correlated significantly with the Pb concentration in leaves, indicating that the increase of Pb in T. minuta may favor synthesis of these compounds. In conclusion, T. minuta is a resistant plant that can grow in Pb polluted soils and accumulate the contaminant in aerial tissues, while providing an economic return through the production of essential oil free of Pb.
Mesoporous and microporous silica matrices were formed on indium tin oxide electrodes for liquid-phase voltammetry and as monoliths for solid-state voltammetry of aniline. The pore structure, which was verified by scanning probe microscopy and by surface area measurement, was directed by either control of pH during sol–gel processing or by inclusion of a templating agent. Whether aniline was included as a dopant in the sol–gel or as a component of the contacting liquid, the pore size influenced the coupling of the product of its electrochemical oxidation. With microporous silica, the dominant products were dimers and related short-chain products whereas with mesoporous silica, polymerization was suggested. As a step toward the formation of polyaniline (PANI) that is covalently anchored to the sol–gel, the electrochemistry of aniline was investigated using composites prepared from sols comprising tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminophenyl-[3-triethoxylsilyl)-propyl] urea (ormosil), and aniline in various ratios. Combinatorial chemistry identified that the optimum combination of silica precursors in terms of obtaining PANI was a 1:12 mole ratio of ormosil:TEOS.
A new nanocomposite, obtained from the intercalation of the cyclic ether 12-Crown-4 into MoS2, Li0.32MoS2(12-Crown-4)0.19, is described. The laminar product has an interlaminar distance of 14.4Å. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite varies from 2.5×10−2 to 4.3×10−2 Scm−1 in the range 25–77°C, being about four times higher than the analogous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivative at room temperature. The electrochemical step-wise galvanostatic intercalation or de-intercalation of lithium, leading to Li x MoS2(12-Crown-4)0.19 with x in the range 0.07–1.0, indicates a Li/Li+ pair average potential of 2.8V. The electrochemical lithium diffusion coefficients in the crown ether intercalates, determined by galvanostatic pulse relaxation between 15 and 37°C at different lithium intercalation degrees, are higher than those of the PEO derivatives under similar conditions, being however the diffusion mechanism rather more complex. The variation of both, the lithium diffusion activation enthalpy and the quasi-equilibrium potentials, with the lithium content shows there are two different limit behaviors, at low and high lithium intercalation degree, respectively. These features are discussed by considering the high stability of the Li-crown ether complex and the different chemical environments found by lithium along the intercalation process.
Еlectrochemical performance of Co3O4 in lithium-ion batteries is briefly reviewed. Co3O4 samples are synthesized via microwave-assisted solid state and citric acid aided methods. It is shown that the latter method leads to disperse nanosized materials having discharge capacity close to the theoretical value. Several electrolytes are probed so as to minimize capacity losses upon cycling, and the one containing lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide in a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate is selected. High-rate tests reveal that capacity retention of the samples obtained is well comparable with the best existing data, and at the current load of 5340mAg−1 (6C) all materials studied retain more than 50% of initial capacity.
This study reports that small amounts of MoO3 multilayer ribbon crystal (MoO3 MLRC) in Ni3Al intermetallics showed the decreased friction coefficients and improved wear resistance at different contact loads. Specifically, the friction coefficients (0.32–0.34) and wear rates [(2–4) × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1] are significantly reduced for Ni3Al at 2–8 N. A possible explanation for the friction and wear reduction is that MoO3 MLRC as a multilayer material shears easily in the tribo-layer during the sliding contact, and provides low friction. In addition, this MoO3 MLRC with excellent bending strength is found to dissipate shear stress and suppress severe plastic deformation under a cyclic stress, thus drastically improving wear resistance of Ni3Al.
SiO2 as lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anode has drawn considerable attentions because of its low cost, high theoretical specific capacity and low discharge potentials but been limited by its low conductivity and electrochemical kinetics, resulting in obvious capacity decay and poor rate performance. Herein, we developed a simple approach to synthesize mesoporous hollow nanosphere (MHSiO2@C) assembled by conformal carbon coating tiny silica nanoparticles through chemical polymerization of dopamine inside the shell of MHSiO2. The continuous carbon can conformally coat on the surface of all primary SiO2 nanoparticles in the shell, which not only enhances the conductivity but also improves the structural stability of the MHSiO2. Compared to raw MHSiO2 and non-conformal carbon coated MHSiO2, the MHSiO2@C demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 440.7 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles and excellent rate performance due to synergetic effect of special structure of MHSiO2 and carbon conformal coating on each silica nanoparticle. Such a special structure will be a promising platform for LIBs. Significantly, this paper offers a direct evidence to prove the advantage of conformal carbon coating and provides consequentially guide in improving the energy storage performance of low-conductivity oxide based electrode materials.
An overview is given on the non-conventional solid-state processes for the preparation of functional materials. Emphasis is laid on the formation of heterogeneous bridging bonds (HBB) across the boundary between two dissimilar solids under mechanical stressing. Loss of the coordination number for the near surface atoms and/or disturbance of the symmetry of the crystal field or the ligand field are discussed in conjunction with the HBB formation. Case studies on complex oxides, ferrous coordination compounds and some organic - inorganic composites are given.
A novel electrochemical route to prepare the Mn oxide with ideal pseudocapacitive performance is successfully proposed in this study. In n-butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfony)imide (BMP–NTf2) ionic liquid, a nanostructured and amorphous Mn film could be electrodeposited on a Ni substrate. The metallic Mn films were then anodized in Na2SO4 aqueous solution by the potentiostatic, galvanostatic, and cyclic voltammetric methods and transformed to Mn oxides. It was confirmed that the different anodization courses would cause variations in the material characteristics of the prepared Mn oxides and therefore in their pseudocapacitive performance. The Mn oxide anodized by the cyclic voltammetric method showed the most promising specific capacitance of 402Fg−1; moreover, its capacitance retained ratio after 500 charge–discharge cycles was as high as 94%.