batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A lateral flow device (LFD) for the detection of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was developed using a monoclonal antibody (Mab 1F10) shown to be pan-reactive to FMDV strains of each serotype by ELISA. The performance of the LFD was evaluated in the laboratory on suspensions of vesicular epithelia (304 positive and 1003 negative samples) from suspected cases of vesicular disease collected from 86 countries between 1965 and 2008 and negative samples collected from healthy animals. The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFD for FMDV was similar at 84% compared to 85% obtained by the reference method of antigen ELISA, and the diagnostic specificity of the LFD was approximately 99% compared to 99.9% for the ELISA. The device recognized FMDV strains of wide diversity of all seven serotypes but weaker reactions were often evident with those of type SAT 2, several viruses of which were not detected. Reactions with the viruses of swine vesicular disease and vesicular stomatitis that produce clinically indistinguishable syndromes in pigs and cattle, did not occur. The test procedure was simple and rapid, and typically provided a result within 1–10min of sample addition. Simple homogenizers that could be used in field conditions for preparing epithelial suspensions were demonstrated to be effective for LFD application. These data illustrate the potential for the LFD to be used next to the animal in the pen-side diagnosis of FMD and for providing rapid and objective support to veterinarians in their clinical judgment of the disease.
In this work, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared using polyoxyalkylene glycol acrylate (POAGA) as a macromonomer. LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2/GPE/graphite cells were prepared and their electrochemical properties were evaluated at various current densities and temperatures. The ionic conductivity of the GPE was more than 6.2×10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature. The GPE had good electrochemical stability up to 5.0V versus Li/Li+. POAGA-based cells were showed good electrochemical performances such as rate capability, low-temperature performance, and cycleability. No leakage of the electrolyte or an explosion was observed at the overcharge test.
This work describes the development of a management and planning system on a GIS (Geographic Information System) platform destined to decision makers that is, administrators, planners or consultants in renewable energies. It was conceived to deal with the management and planning of solar systems, biomass and aeolics in rural regions of Brazil. The prototype of the GIS tool covers an area of 183, 500 km2 and is made up of three blocks: management of installed renewable systems, inclusion (planning) of new systems and updating of the data banks. The GISA SOL 1.0 (Geographic Information System Applied to Solar Energy) has a total of 80 layers of information that permit the realization of spatial analyses on management and planning of renewable sources of energy at macro-spatial (state) and local (municipality) levels. A description and the methodology used for its development and a description of the functionalities will be made here. The system was developed mainly for PV systems as a support tool for management and planning of the Energy Development Program for States and Municipalities (PRODEEM), a program for inclusion in large scale of solar photovoltaic energy in the rural environment, conducted by the Ministry of Mines and Energy of Brazil.
Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) offers a high thermal storage density with a moderate temperature variation, and has attracted growing attention due to its important role in achieving energy conservation in buildings with thermal comfort. Various methods have been investigated by previous researchers to incorporate PCMs into the building structures, and it has been found that with the help of PCMs the indoor temperature fluctuations can be reduced significantly whilst maintaining desirable thermal comfort. This paper summarises previous works on latent thermal energy storage in building applications, covering PCMs, the impregnation methods, current building applications and their thermal performance analyses, as well as numerical simulation of buildings with PCMs. Over 100 references are included in this paper.
Nematodes are remarkably successful, both as free-living organisms and as parasites. The diversity of parasitic lifestyles displayed by nematodes, and the diversity of hosts used, reflects both a propensity towards parasitism in the phylum, and an adaptability to new and challenging environments. Parasitism of plants and animals has evolved many times independently within the Nematoda. Analysis of these origins of parasitism using a molecular phylogeny highlights the diversity underlying the parasitic mode of life. Many vertebrate parasites have arthropod-associated sister taxa, and most invade their hosts as third stage larvae: these features co-occur across the tree and thus suggest that this may have been a shared route to parasitism. Analysis of nematode genes and genomes has been greatly facilitated by the Caenorhabditis elegans project. However, the availability of the whole genome sequence from this free-living rhabditid does not simply permit definition of ‘parasitism’ genes; each nematode genome is a mosaic of conserved features and evolutionary novelties. The rapid progress of parasitic nematode genome projects focussing on species from across the diversity of the phylum has defined sets of genes that have patterns of evolution that suggest their involvement with various facets of parasitism, in particular the problems of acquisition of nutrients in new hosts and the evasion of host immune defences. With the advent of functional genomics techniques in parasites, and in particular the possibility of gene knockout using RNA interference, the roles of many putative parasitism genes can now be tested.
Vanadium oxide aerogels are electrochemically lithiated to 0.1V vs. Li/Li+, yielding reversible capacities of ∼1000mAhg−1 at charge/discharge rates of C/10. This reversible behavior is significantly different from crystalline orthorhombic V2O5, which exhibits a constantly decreasing capacity with cycling. The ability of the aerogel material to be deeply cycled lies in its unique morphology: high surface area, interconnected porosity, and a fibrous network structure enable lithium storage to occur. Ex situ TEM and XPS measurements indicate, respectively, that the fibrous morphology is retained at low potentials and that the oxidation state of vanadium changes from +5 to +2 during the electrochemical cycling.
[RE(TMA)] anhydrous complexes (RE3+: Y, Gd and Lu) present high red emission intensity with a quantum efficiency (~45%) for the [Y(TMA):Eu3+] complexes, due to the absence of non-radioactive decay pathways mediated by water molecules. The complexes were prepared in mild conditions. All the compounds are crystalline and thermostable up to 460°C. Phosphorescence data of the complexes with Y, Gd and Lu show that the T1 state of the TMA3− anion has energy higher than the 5D0 emitting level of the Eu3+ ion, indicating that the ligand can act as an intramolecular energy sensitizer. The photoluminescence properties of the doped materials were studied based on the excitation and emission spectra and luminescence decay curves. The experimental intensity parameters (Ω λ), lifetimes (τ), radiative (A rad) and non-radiative (A nrad) decay rates were determined and discussed.
The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a better alternative to the conventional battery. The DMFC offers several advantages, namely, faster building of potential and longer-lasting fuel, however, there are still several issues that need to be addressed to design a better DMFC system. This article is a wide-ranging review of the most up-to-date studies on mass and heat transfer in the DMFC. The discussion will be focused on the critical problems limiting the performance of DMFCs. In addition, a technique for upgrading the DMFC with an integrated system will be presented, along with existing numerical models for modeling mass and heat transfer as well as cell performance.
The novel composite Li2MnO3 (LMO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been synthesized successfully. Based on the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, LMO is found to distribute separately on the rGO sheets by forming a laminated structure, which is in favor of good electrical contact between the cathode active materials and the rGO matrix, and also facilitates the separation of LMO secondary particles with reduced size. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests show that the charge transfer resistance decreases from 81.2 Ω for LMO to 29.6 Ω for LMO/rGO composite. The Li-ion diffusion coefficient of LMO/rGO composite is almost triple that of LMO. As a result, the LMO/rGO composite delivers an initial discharge capacity of 284.9 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 86.6% after 45 cycles at 0.1 C between 2.0 and 4.6 V. Cycle performance is even better at a higher current density 0.2 C while the retention ratio is up to 97.1% after 45 cycles. The rate capability is also significantly enhanced, and the LMO/rGO composite could exhibit a large discharge capacity of 123.7 mAh g−1 which is more than three times larger than that of LMO (40.8 mAh g−1) at a high rate of 8 C.
Diving marine predators have been used to collect data on ocean temperature, but salinity measurements have not previously been incorporated into predator-borne data loggers. Here we present data on initial calibration and field trials of a new conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) data logger used alongside a satellite-positioning transmitter to provide three-dimensional oceanographic information. This provides CTD data analogous to that collected by a ship-deployed undulating oceanographic recorder. Calibration tests of these units showed a near-field effect caused by the proximity of material to the tag, but demonstrate that the resulting data offset can be removed by post hoc calibration. Field tests of the system were conducted on 16 female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Bird Island, South Georgia. These results matched those found by standard ship-based survey techniques, but suggest temporal variability in the structure and location of the two water masses found to the north of South Georgia. Overall, this initial proof-of-concept work is encouraging; future refinement of this technique is likely to provide an additional data source for both oceanographers and biologists.
Multi-criteria decision-making methods have emerged as a very useful tool to find solutions under different criteria or conflicting points of view, also in energy planning. However, social and environmental criteria have not been fully integrated in rural electrification projects design and play often an opposing role to technical and economic criteria. We propose the combined application of two multi-criteria decision-making methods, namely, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Compromise Ranking method (VIKOR), to facilitate the selection of the best solution for electrical supply of remote rural locations, involving technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. A group of experts were consulted for weighting the preferences of the criteria, sub-criteria and category of deciders. Thirteen discrete alternatives were proposed; the first six were associated with optimal multi-objective solutions pertaining to dispersed decentralized generation and another six multi-objective options to compact decentralized generation (CDG), and last, extension of the public electric grid was considered. The results reveal that the combination of multi-criteria methods facilitates decision-making in a manner that is robust, comprehensive, transparent and coherent to sustainable development requirements. CDG resulted in the best model of electrical supply.
In this work, an overview of the different types of batteries used for large-scale electricity storage is carried out. In particular, the current operational large-scale battery energy storage systems around the world with their applications are identified and a comparison between the different types of batteries, as well as with other types of large-scale energy storage systems, is presented. The analysis has shown that the largest battery energy storage systems use sodium–sulfur batteries, whereas the flow batteries and especially the vanadium redox flow batteries are used for smaller battery energy storage systems. The battery electricity storage systems are mainly used as ancillary services or for supporting the large scale solar and wind integration in the existing power system, by providing grid stabilization, frequency regulation and wind and solar energy smoothing.
In this paper we present a case of “word-meaning deafness,” characterised by serious problems in the comprehension of spoken language, whilst repetition and writing words and non-words from dictation are preserved. This performance indicates the impossibility of correctly accessing phonological representation from the semantic representation of words. Neuropsychological evidence on specific alterations in word-meaning disorders is scarce, and this study contributes new findings with a Spanish-speaking patient. The nature of the processes involved in understanding language and the cerebral mechanisms that might be affected in each case were discussed, in accordance with current neuropsychological theories.
Herein, binder-free hierarchically structured nickel cobalt sulfide nanoflakes on CoO nanosheets with the help of carbon layer (Ni-Co-S@C@CoO NAs) are fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis, carbonization treatment and electrodeposition, where three key components (CoO nanosheet arrays, a carbon layer and Ni-Co-S nanoflakes) are strategically combined to construct an efficient electrode for supercapacitors. The highly well-defined CoO nanosheets are utilized as ideal conductive scaffolds, where the conductivity is further improved by coating carbon layer, as well as the large electroactive surface area of Ni-Co-S nanoflakes. Furthermore, self-supported electrodes are directly grown on Ni foam without conductive additives or binders, which can effectively simplify the whole preparation process and achieve excellent electrical contact. Benefiting from the unique structural features, the hierarchically structured Ni-Co-S@C@CoO NAs exhibit high specific capacitance up to 4.97 F cm−2, excellent rate capability, and maintains 93.2% of the initial capacitance after 10000 cycles. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor using the Ni-Co-S@C@CoO NAs electrode and activated carbon is assembled, which achieves a high energy density (49.7 W h kg−1) with long cycling lifespan. These results demonstrate the as-fabricated Ni-Co-S@C@CoO NAs can be a competitive battery-like electrode for supercapacitors in energy storages.
This work focuses on an approach in mixed integer nonlinear programming for parameter identification based on the implementation of an extended ant colony optimization (eACO) algorithm combined with a universal penalty method. The eACO algorithm is based on multi-kernel Gaussian probability density functions, which can be discretized for integer and mixed integer problems. Based on an equivalent circuit model, the battery parameter identification with the Mixed Integer Distributed Ant Colony Optimization (MIDACO) solver is proposed to estimate the load dependent voltage model parameters using only constant current charge and discharge characteristics of the cell. The parameter identification takes the influence of the charge or discharge rate into account as well as the state of charge of the battery. Additional weightings are introduced to set the focus on the peripheral regions of the voltage curves in order to achieve the best possible match between catalog and modeled voltage values. The MIDACO solver is used to extract parameters of six different battery cells. The results demonstrate that the MIDACO solver can extract optimal parameters in a robust, fast, and reliable process. A validation and thus, the general validity of the methodology described is presented based on the identified parameters.
The Juniper Asthma Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ(S)) is a questionnaire that allows measurement of disease specific quality of life. We wanted to examine correlations between the (AQLQ(S)) general and different subscale scores and both psychiatric morbidity and levels of psychological distress in individuals with occupational asthma (OA) and to determine if results in the emotional function subscale allow identification of individuals with clinically significant psychological distress or current psychiatric disorders.
Predicting and increasing the expected battery lifetime is one of the major objectives in state-of-the-art battery research. Until now, the highly complex mechanisms taking place during cyclic aging are only understood to a certain extent. In the present paper, pristine and cyclically aged battery electrodes are considered and the relationship between their microstructure and functionality is investigated. For this purpose, three-dimensional image data obtained by synchrotron tomography is preprocessed by a novel data-driven trinarization approach based on k-means clustering. This allows us to explicitly distinguish between active material, pore space and the phase consisting of binder and conductive additives. This three-phase reconstruction is completed by a segmentation of active material particles, which enables a comprehensive statistical analysis of the electrode morphology. In addition, the investigation of numerous image characteristics together with electrochemical measurements contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying aging mechanisms.
The multiphase catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen is notoriously susceptible to thermal runaway (heat of reaction: −98kJmol−1). The high surface area to volume ratio (S/V) in a microscale packed bed (MPB) reactor (radius 0.5mm) was investigated for reducing the risk of thermal runaway during hydrogen peroxide decomposition to oxygen intended as a fuel cell oxidant aboard an unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV). A microscale reactor channel with a S/V of ∼2×103 m2 m−3 simulated under convective cooling generated a significant heat rise (T rise∼100K), whereas a microreactor with a higher S/V (∼200×103 m2 m−3) achieved thermal control (T rise<10K) over the simulated reaction zone. Although thermal management was successfully accomplished using the higher S/V, experimental conversions of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen (5–18%) measured from the outlet were lower than simulated conversions (38–63%). Simulation assumptions, such as homogeneously dispersed flow and perfect catalyst interaction among other factors, contributed to the discrepancies between the simulated and experimental degrees of peroxide conversion to oxygen. Even though thermal control of the MPB was achieved, this work indicates that mass transfer limitations are a factor in the MPB reactor during a multiphase reaction, like decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water, and suggests means to overcome them even on the microscale level.
Nylon 6,6/PANI nanofibers using electrospun nylon 6,6 nanofibers as a template are synthesized by the in situ polymerization of different aniline concentrations for the preparation of all-polymer based core-sheath nanofibers with high electrochemical and mechanical properties, such as lightness and flexibility. These nylon 6,6/PANI based sheath nanofibers are used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance is examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The galvanostatic charge/discharge test reveals the highest specific capacitance of 665Fg−1 at a current density of 1Ag−1. This electrode also shows remarkable rate charge/discharge capability and high cyclic stability (62% after 1000 cycles). In addition, the high energy density of the nylon 6,6/PANI composite electrode can reach 91Whkg−1 at a power density of 500Wkg−1. The superior electrochemical properties of the core-sheath nylon 6,6/PANI nanofibers are attributed to their core-sheath structure, thin wall thickness and uniform wall distribution, which can improve the performance of electroactive PANI during the charge/discharge process. The good electrochemical performances highlight the potential of the nylon 6,6/PANI electrode as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
We have been developing all-solid secondary batteries with sulfide-based thin film electrolyte and pellet-type electrodes. This battery has high performance – it has high-rate discharge properties and cycle properties at high temperature. The battery has shown discharge capability of 10 C for 1 min and cycle properties of 90% capacity-1500 cycle at 60 °C, 90% capacity-500 cycle at 80 °C, and 70% capacity-500 cycle at 150 °C. It has been found that thin film electrolyte gives good effect on both high-rate discharge and cycle performance at a high temperature.
For the first time, we proposed the proof-of-principle of a new concept of ionic supercapacitor systems on the basis of the system- and ion-level design. In this system, multiple-valence metal cations can be transformed to electroactive colloids in alkaline electrolyte, which can perfectly participate in Faradaic reactions. The design of ionic-state colloid electrode, which consists of electroactive cationic media within the whole colloids, can represent a new promising strategy to increase the energy density of pseudocapacitors without the compromise of power and lifetime performances. Therefore, high power density and energy density can be achieved in the designed ionic pseudocapacitor systems. This novel concept of ionic supercapacitor systems by ion- and system-level planning can open a new direction for the development of the next-generation of high-performance supercapacitors.
Quantification of root biomass through the conventional root excavation and washing method is inefficient. A pot experiment was conducted to estimate root-derived carbon (C) in soil. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Quantum’) was grown in plastic containers (6L) filled with sterilized sandy soil in a greenhouse. Plants were enriched with 13CO2 in a glass chamber twice at growth stages GS-37 and GS-59 for 70min at each time. In one treatment, roots were separated from soil at crop maturity, washed and dried for the determination of biomass. Isotope ratios were then separately analyzed for roots and soil. In a second treatment, roots were thoroughly mixed with the whole soil and representative samples were analyzed for 13C abundance at crop maturity. Control plants were untreated with 13C, in which roots were separated from soil. The root biomass was calculated based on the root-derived C, which was measured through 13C abundance in the soil and root mixed samples. A substantial amount of root-derived C (24%) was unaccounted while separating the roots from soil. Similarly, about 36% of the root biomass was underestimated if conventional root excavation and washing method is used. It has been shown that root biomass can be estimated more accurately from the root-derived C using 13C tracer method than the estimates made by the conventional excavation and washing method. We propose this as an alternative method for the estimation of root-derived C in soil, based on which root biomass can be estimated.