batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The introduction of implantable or wearable electronic devices has revolutionized diagnosis and therapy in cardiovascular medicine, reducing morbidity and mortality of millions for patients with cardiovascular disease.Current battery-powered cardiovascular electronic devices have a limited life and do not allow long-term, uninterrupted monitoring or treatment of cardiovascular disease, which is crucial for preventing death and/or improving quality of life.Abundant sources of energy exist in the human body and the surrounding environment, such as biomechanical, solar, thermal and biochemical energy.Self-powered technology, which converts energy from the human body or surrounding environment into electricity, can provide a sustainable source of power to replace or supplement battery technology.
A new organic polymer as positive electrode material is presented. Poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene) (PDBM) has oxocarbon cycles which are part of the polymer backbone and exhibit redox properties. Composite materials with acetylene black were investigated as positive electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. A specific capacity of 150mAhg−1 was reached with 40% acetylene black. The composite electrodes showed moderately good cyclability with less than 10% degradation in the first 100 cycles.
New technologies are arriving on the scene that promise enhancement or new capabilities. Some of these technologies have potential for NASA and DOD space-based applications. In these cases, the technology must be demonstrated and validated to a degree that risk may be balanced for the space mission roles. Quantum well infrared photo-detector (QWIP) is one of these technologies. QWIP has a variety of space-based applications in the 8 to 16 μm wavelength range. Radiation tolerance and higher operating temperature are potentially significant benefits for long duration missions. In this paper, we describe the selection of and preparation for a mission that provides the opportunity to demonstrate and validate QWIP focal plane arrays in the natural, space radiation environment. We discuss the objectives of this demonstration opportunity, and the development and test steps required to deliver the QWIP experiment to space.
This study presents partial results of an extensive research project called Health-Enhancing and Health-Threatening Behaviour: Determinants, Models, and Consequences (GA13-19808S) and explores selected factors of health-promoting behaviour of Czech adolescents. The study discussed the interconnections found between components of health-related behaviour of adolescents during a key stage of their development. In addition, we also aimed to study possible developmental trend of the above-mentioned correlates during adolescence. The subjects participating in the above-described broad research project were administered an extensive battery of tests, and as a part of the presented study, the descriptive data concerning the subjects’ age and sex, the Health-Related Behaviour Scale (Dosedlová et al., 2013), the Subjective Health Problems Inventory (modified version of the inventory by Osecká et al., 1998), Mental Health Continuum, MHC-SF (Keyes, 2005) and the Big Five Inventory (O.P. Donahue, R.I. Kentle, 1991) were all used. The research sample consisted of 735 adolescents (47.4% women and 52.6% men) aged 12-19 years (35.3% in the period of early and middle adolescence and 64.7% in the period of late adolescence). In cluster analysis, six different life styles were defined using five health-related factors. Analyses of variance were conducted to examine whether adolescents with different life-styles differ in chosen personal characteristics.
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising electrochemical storage system for stationary megawatt-class applications. The currently limited cell area determined by the bipolar plate (BPP) could be enlarged significantly with a novel extruded large-area plate. For the first time a techno-economic assessment of VRFB in a power range of 1 MW–20 MW and energy capacities of up to 160 MWh is presented on the basis of the production cost model of large-area BPP. The economic model is based on the configuration of a 250 kW stack and the overall system including stacks, power electronics, electrolyte and auxiliaries. Final results include a simple function for the calculation of system costs within the above described scope. In addition, the impact of cost reduction potentials for key components (membrane, electrode, BPP, vanadium electrolyte) on stack and system costs is quantified and validated.
Li2TiO3-coated Li-rich layered Li1.13Ni0.30Mn0.57O2 (0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2) compound has been successfully synthesized for the first time through a syn-lithiation strategy. In this approach, Ni0.35Mn0.65C2O4·xH2O precursor is first prepared by a co-precipitation method, then it is coated with TiO2 through a reaction between Ni0.35Mn0.65C2O4·xH2O and Ti(OC4H9)4, and finally Ni0.35Mn0.65C2O4 yH2O@TiO2 is simultaneously lithiated to form Li2TiO3-coated Li-rich layered oxide. Both the cyclability and high-rate capability of Li-rich layered cathode materials have been greatly improved by Li2TiO3 coating. Meanwhile, the Li2TiO3 coating layer also reduces the polarization of the electrode and retards voltage drop during cycling. The reversible capacity of the 3 mol% Li2TiO3-coated Li-rich layered cathode material at the 100th cycle at a large current density of 100 mA/g is significantly enhanced to105 mAh/g from 78 mAh/g of the un-coated sample. The enhancements of the electrochemical performance can be largely attributed to the stabilization of the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, the three-dimensional path for Li+-ion and better conductivity after Li2TiO3 coating. It is also disclosed that the amount of Li2TiO3 coating also has a large influence on the electrochemical performances and it is necessary to optimize the specific capacity, cycling stability and rate capability through tuning the content of Li2TiO3 coating.
The thermal stability of a FeF3 cathode was quantitatively studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cycled electrode without electrolyte was examined and found to become more thermally stable after Li-ion insertion. On the other hand, mixtures of cycled electrodes and electrolyte were investigated by changing the ratio of cycled electrode to electrolyte. The thermal decomposition of the electrolyte was mainly responsible for the exothermic heat for the discharged electrode and electrolyte combination. Although a reaction between the active materials of the electrode and electrolyte was observed for the mixture of the charged electrode and electrolyte, the exothermic heats were small. In contrast to lithium transition-metal oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, the exothermic heat was suppressed by the FeF3 electrode. Therefore, FeF3 as a cathode for Li-ion batteries shows more thermal stability at elevated temperatures.
Mn3O4 nanoparticles anchored on continuous super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) films are synthesized by decomposition of Mn(NO3)2. In the Mn3O4/SACNT composite electrodes, SACNT film is capable of serving as both the conductive pathway and structural scaffold, therefore no binder, extra conductive agent, or current collector is needed. The electrochemical performance of the Mn3O4/SACNT composite electrode is significantly affected by the particle size of Mn3O4. With smaller particle size, the electrode displays smaller voltage hysteresis and much improved reversibility and rate capability. The Mn3O4/SACNT electrodes with particle size of Mn3O4 less than 10 nm show a capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles at 1 C and a high rate capacity of 342 mAh g−1 at 10 C (based on the total mass of the electrode), suggesting their advantages over the commercial graphite anode and potential in practical applications.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on stainless steel substrates. The growth of the films has been studied as a function of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure in deposition, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin film cathodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge against a lithium anode. The initial capacity and capacity retention of the films are highly dependent on the crystallinity and purity of the films. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 thin films grown at 600°C in an oxygen partial pressure of 200mTorr are well crystallized with high purity, exhibiting excellent capacity retention between 3 and 5V with a LiPF6-based electrolyte.
Smartphones are on par with modern desktop environments in terms of operating system and hardware functionality. As a consequence, threats to desktop environments are also applicable to smartphones in addition to traditional threats to mobile phones. End-user management of security configurations that mitigate smartphone threats is complex and error-prone. As a consequence, misconfiguration of a security configuration may unnecessarily expose a smartphone to known threats. In this paper, a threat-based model for smartphone security configuration is presented. To evaluate the approach, a prototype Android security app, MASON, is developed to automatically manage firewall configurations on behalf of the end-user. A case study based on firewall access control demonstrates how automated firewall configuration recommendations can be made based on catalogues of countermeasures. These countermeasures are drawn from best-practice standards such as NIST 800-124, a guideline on cell phone and PDA security and NIST 800-41-rev1, a guideline on firewall security configuration.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. However, rapid performance decay at high-sulfur-loading condition is emerged as one of the main obstacles restricting the practical application of Li-S batteries. Here we develop a facile electrospinning method for synthesizing the interconnected yolk-shell carbon nanospheres assembled fiber network to construct self-supporting sulfur cathodes. Benefiting from high surface area, nitrogen atom doping, and synergetic effect between yolk and shell, the yolk-shell carbon fiber network is a promising sulfur hosting material for high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries. With 70 wt% and 4 mg cm−2 of sulfur, the yolk-shell carbon fiber network derived self-supporting cathode exhibits a high capacity retention of 82.8% after 500 cycles at 1 C. In addition, the self-supporting cathode with 16 mg cm−2 of sulfur delivers a stable areal capacity of 15.5 mAh cm−2. This work provides a new strategy for the development of high-performance Li-S batteries.
In this paper, an overview of the progress recently achieved in our laboratory in the development and application of four in situ methods, namely in situ X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), infrared spectroscopy, and Raman microscopy, is presented. For bulk investigations during cycling, in situ XRD measurements are used, and explained here in the instance of the reaction of graphite with lithium. Next, three surface-sensitive in situ methods are discussed, namely DEMS, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman microscopy. As an illustration of in situ infrared spectroscopy and DEMS, we show results for both the oxidative and reductive decomposition of electrolyte solutions. Finally, a cell for in situ Raman microscopy is described. This method is well suited, e.g., for an analysis of the structural properties of carbon materials, for a characterization of positive electrodes, and electrolytes of lithium-ion cells. As an example, Raman spectra measured in situ at a single LiCoO2 particle selected on the surface of a commercial electrode are discussed.
Three typical anode materials: pure iron (Fe), silicon-rich steel (FeSi) and white cast iron (FeC) electrodes were used in the process of electrochemical ferrate(VI) synthesis in the molten sodium hydroxide. The voltammetric peak current densities corresponding to the first and second step of the anode dissolution in the case of FeC as well as FeSi electrode are higher compared to the pure iron electrode. After passivity region subsequently the transpassive iron dissolution, including ferrate(VI) formation together with an oxygen evolution occurs and the current shoulder is visible for all electrodes used. Measured electrochemical impedance spectra confirm the physical model of the polarized surface based on the concept of two macrohomogeneous surface layers. In all cases the resistance of both inner and outer layer decrease with increasing applied potential. With increasing temperature the resistance of inner and outer layer decreases. The capacity of inner and outer layer increases with increasing potential. This is in agreement with decrease of the resistances of both layers: layers are getting thinner or more disintegrated by oxygen evolution or strong anodic dissolution. The number of exchanged electrons calculated from a static polarization curve at the potentials in ferrate(VI) formation region is z =3 for all electrode materials used.
Mesoporous interconnected carbons with active Fe–P centers hold promise as an alternative to Pt catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions, but their synthesis remains challenging due to the poor control over FexP particle size and carbon microstructure. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of Fe2P nanoparticles encapsulated within heteroatom-doped graphene-like carbons via a simple pyrolysis process starting from a biogenic precursor, which is obtained via microbially mediated iron reduction of polyferric flocs by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The strong interaction between bacterial proteins and biogenic vivianite in the precursor plays a significant role in preventing agglomeration of Fe2P nanoparticles and facilitating formation of mesoporous hierarchical carbons with large surface area and high conductivity. The size of Fe2P nanoparticles is tunable in a range from 3 to 80 nm by modulating the properties of the bacteria@vivianite precursor. These properties can vary significantly depending on the molar ratio of electron donors to electron acceptors for acclimation. The resulting Fe2P(3 nm)@BC catalyst derived from the bacteria@vivianite precursor at a molar donor/acceptor ratio of 8:1 exhibits substantially improved activity towards electrocatalytic oxygen reduction as compared to the reference carbon samples. The outstanding oxygen reduction performance of this catalyst is also verified in microbial fuel cells.
Characterisation of a platinised Ti mesh electrode, prepared by electrodeposition of Pt, by methanol oxidation has been studied over a range of NaOH and methanol concentrations using cyclic voltammetry (CV), quasi-steady-state polarisation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The activity of methanol oxidation in aqueous alkaline systems increased with pH or OH species coverage on the electrode surface. A reaction order of close to 0.5 was obtained for both NaOH and methanol in NaOH solutions indicating that adsorption of methanol and OH− on the platinised electrode follows Termkin isotherm. In the high potential region, a poisoning effect was observed at methanol/[OH−] concentration ratio greater than 1, which could have arisen from an excess of methanol at the electrode surface and/or depletion of OH− at the electrode surface. The methanol oxidation behaviour conforms with that on Pt electrodes suggesting a promising new method of preparing electrodes for fuel cells.
A scalable solution-based method for fabricating carbon-coated Ni-Si nanocomposites for use as anode materials in Li-ion batteries is reported. This facile process involves a one-pot synthesis using an electrical pulse technique in oleic acid containing Si nanoparticles at room temperature and a subsequent carbonization route. In these nanocomposites, the Si nanoparticles are individually and separately coated with a carbon shell with a nanoscale thickness. Furthermore, the nanocomposites have a large specific surface area with a spherical complex-structure in which Ni nanoparticles and carbon layers play various pivotal roles, as a mechanically supporting barrier against the aggregation of Si nanoparticles and as an electronic pathway between the active Si nanoparticles. Because of these favorable features, the obtained nanocomposites exhibit not only better cycling performances, but also rate capability, in comparison with bare Si anode materials.
Co3O4 nanoparticles are prepared via converting cobalt oxide subunits in a cobalt metal-organic framework (Co3(NDC)3(DMF)4, NDC=2,6-naphthalene- dicarboxylate; DMF=N,N′-dimethylformamide) by pyrolysis in air. The as-prepared Co3O4 shows an agglomerated secondary structure with an average diameter of around 250nm comprised of small primary Co3O4 particles with a size of about 25nm. This agglomerated structure favors the enhanced capacity, improved rate capability and prolonged cycle life as an electrode material for lithium ion batteries.
Compressed carbon felt electrodes with various percentages of compression are prepared by stacking pieces of PVC gaskets; the performance of VRFB cells prepared using these electrodes is evaluated in order to better understand the influence of the compressed electrodes on the fundamental properties of VRFBs. It is found that the specific resistance and porosity of the electrodes decreases with increase of the percentage of electrode compression. In addition, as the percentage of electrode compression increases, the discharge time and maximum power of the VRFB cells gradually increase due to the increased electron transfer. The energy efficiency of the cell increases with the increase of the percentage of electrode compression up to 20%. When the percentage of electrode compression is greater than 20%, the energy efficiency decreases due to the combined effects of reduced cell resistance, poor electrolyte transport, and longer charge/discharge time. Based on our results, it can be concluded that compressed electrodes have a positive effect on cell performance; however, their inevitable reduced porosity is detrimental to electrolyte transport, thereby resulting in a decrease of energy efficiency. Consequently, it is suggested that carbon felt electrodes with an optimized percentage of compression have considerable potential for use in VRFB applications without incurring additional cost.
In this study, nano-TiO2(B) coated LiMn2O4 was prepared via a two-step method, combining a hydrothermal method with electrostatic attraction. By adjusting the sintering time, porous and dense nano-TiO2(B) coating structure were formed on the surface of LiMn2O4 particles. Electrochemical test results showed that 2wt.% porous TiO2(B) coated LiMn2O4 exhibited highest capacity retention at 77.4% after 300 cycles at 55°C and the best rate capability. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP), charge and discharge curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the improved electrochemical performances was due to the suppression of the undesired SEI film, as well as suppression of Mn dissolution at the cathode and reduced polarization.
The effect of an herbal formulation LI85008F on weight loss in obese human subjects was evaluated in an 8-weeks randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Clinical Trial Registration no. ISRCTN37381706). Fifty obese subjects (Body mass index 30 to 40 kg/m², 29.3% male; 70.7% female; ages 27–50 years) were randomized into two groups; placebo (n = 25) and LI85008F formulation (n = 25). The participants received either 900 mg/day of LI85008F formulation in three divided doses or three identical placebo capsules and all of them remained on a calorie-controlled diet (2000 cal/day) and 30 min walking for 5 days a week during the entire duration of the study.
Titanium oxides are an important class of lithium–ion battery electrodes owing to their good capacity and stability within the cell environment. Although most Ti(IV) oxides are poor electronic conductors, new methods developed to synthesize nanometer scale primary particles have achieved the higher rate capability needed for modern commercial applications. In this report, the anionic water stable titanium oxalate anion [TiO(C2O4)2]2− was isolated in high yield as the insoluble DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) salt. Powder X-ray diffraction studies show that the titanium dioxide material isolated after annealing in air is initially amorphous, converts to N-doped anatase above 400°C, then to rutile above 600°C. Electrochemical studies indicate that the amorphous titanium dioxide phase within a carbon matrix has a stable cycling capacity of ∼350mAhg−1. On crystallizing at 400°C to a carbon-coated anatase the capacity drops to 210mAhg−1, and finally upon carbon burn-off to 50mAhg−1. Mixtures of the amorphous titanium dioxide and Li4Ti5O12 showed a similar electrochemical profile and capacity to Li4Ti5O12 but with the addition of a sloping region to the end of the discharge curve that could be advantageous for determining state-of-charge in systems using Li4Ti5O12.
The advent of a Li+ or Na+ glass electrolyte with a cation conductivity σi > 10−2 S cm−1 at 25 °C and a motional enthalpy ΔHm = 0.06 eV that is wet by a metallic lithium or sodium anode is used to develop a new strategy for an all-solid-state, rechargeable, metal-plating battery. During discharge, a cell plates the metal of an anode of high-energy Fermi level such as lithium or sodium onto a cathode current collector with a low-energy Fermi level; the voltage of the cell may be determined by a cathode redox center having an energy between the Fermi levels of the anode and that of the cathode current collector. This strategy is demonstrated with a solid electrolyte that not only is wet by the metallic anode, but also has a dielectric constant capable of creating a large electric-double-layer capacitance at the two electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The result is a safe, low-cost, lithium or sodium rechargeable battery of high energy density and long cycle life.
A nasal septal deviation can have a significant detrimental effect on a patient’s quality of life. Nasal valve collapse (NVC) often co-exists with a septal deviation. The Cottle maneuver is one of the most common methods to diagnose NVC; however, no study has assessed the efficacy of this physical exam finding. This study tests the hypothesis that patients with nasal obstruction due to a septal deviation with a negative pre-operative Cottle maneuver will demonstrate a greater improvement in their Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score, compared to patients who demonstrate a positive pre-operative Cottle maneuver, when assessed at 12 months following a septoplasty with turbinate diathermy.