batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
To upscale DSC size to commercial size, our group was involved in developing a commercial DSC panel, which could show the industrial way and prospect. The repeatable DSC module with the size of 150mm×200mm and photoelectric conversion efficiency around 6% was reproduced in our laboratory. The DSC panel up to the size of 450mm×800mm was fabricated. This is the high efficiency and industrial production design of a DSC panel, a primary power station with 500W was installed on our roof for charging the battery. The study on the stability and performance of the DSC module, panel and future production are ongoing in our laboratory. In this article, we will report a systematic study in the test and the design from the single cell, the modules, to the panels, and our design of a 500W primary DSC power station.
Specific wiring of biocatalysts par excellence, viz. redox enzymes, to an electrode can be exploited in the fabrication of high-performance bioelectronic devices. Here we report oxygen electroreduction catalysed by Didymocrea sp. J6 laccase wired to gold nanoparticles via the trinuclear copper cluster. Bypassing the intramolecular electron transfer, which under certain conditions is the rate-limiting step of oxygen bioelectroreduction, has resulted in the fabrication of a high current density biocathode based on high-redox-potential laccase, which is able to operate in electrolytes with a broad pH range in the presence of high fluoride concentrations.
The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore blood microcirculation and somatosensory profiles in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) was selected as dopant and synthesized by a sonochemical method in this study. PVA–HA–KOH–H2O composite alkaline solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) was prepared by solution casting method. Two different doping routes, i.e., the physical mixing (PM) and in situ synthesis (ISS) were considered. The influences of the ASPE composition such as HA content, KOH content and water content on the conductivity were investigated. The ASPE prepared by ISS route has a porous structure which is important for ion transfer. Accordingly, the conductivity of the ASPE prepared by ISS is higher than that of by PM. A highest conductivity of about 0.1S/cm is reached for ASPE prepared by ISS route at 70% water content for m(PVA):m(KOH):m(HA)=10:14:10 system, higher than that of by PM route, 0.08S/cm. The nickel/zinc cell shows better electrochemical properties assembled with the ASPE prepared by ISS approach than by PM approach.
This paper explores the electrical nature of sandy beach and proposes a pathway for the therapeutic effects of beach going. The electric potential and current generated on the ground across the human body and resistors were measured. The ground was found to have a non-homogenous electric potential which generated a potential difference between any two points on the ground. A power curve, similar to a battery, in the nanowatt range was obtained. This power appeared to be stable across time but varies across ground location. Standing on the beach with dry feet did not allow any current in the micro-ampere range to conduct. But upon moistening the feet, the body electrical resistance was reduced by 94% and the ground potential difference across the two feet was sufficient to drive a micro-ampere range current through the body. This may be one reason for the therapeutic effects of being on the beach.
Electrochemical intercalation of Li+ ions into graphite electrodes in propylene carbonate (PC)-dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-based electrolytes containing Ca2+ ions was studied. The molar ratio of PC, Li+ ion, and Ca2+ ion was PC:Li+:Ca2+ = 12:1.0:0.5. Intercalation of Li+ ions became possible by adding DMC to the PC-based electrolytes containing Ca2+ ions: Li+ ion intercalation did not take place when the amount of DMC was DMC/PC = 6 (molar ratio) and below, and Li+ ions intercalated when the amount of DMC was above DMC/PC = 8. Intercalation of Li+ ions did not take place in PC-DMC-based electrolyte of no Ca2+ ions, and both Ca2+ ion and DMC were necessary for Li+ ion intercalation. Successful Li+ ion intercalation can be attributed to smaller solvation number of PC on Li+ ions by addition of DMC and Ca2+ ions to the PC-based electrolyte.
Dredging has been practiced to remove sediment impacted by persistent contaminants, such as heavy metals. Of these metals, lead (Pb) is of particular concern due to its toxicity. Therefore, dredged sediment containing Pb requires further mitigation. One method for Pb mitigation is phytoremediation of dredged sediment. In this study, the partitioning of Pb in sediment during phytoremediation by willow (Salix integra) was assessed. The results showed that, in general, the bioavailable forms of Pb declined with increased application of the standard Hoagland nutrient solution, which appeared to enhance the Fe–Mn oxide fraction and residual inert fraction. In contrast, the addition of excess phosphorus decreased the bioavailable fractions of Pb. However, the bioavailable fractions of Pb increased with additional potassium addition. Planting Salix integra was shown to promote the stabilization of Pb in sediment and led to a transformation from bioavailable forms to non-bioavailable forms. The results suggest that planting Salix integra can remediate Pb-contaminated dredged sediment via Pb immobilization by the roots. During this process, the application of Hoagland nutrient solution and the application of nutrient solutions with excess phosphorus not only promote root growth of Salix integra which would reduce Pb bioavailability, but also further enhance the immobilization of Pb in contaminated sediment, likely through the formation of Pb-containing compounds with low bioavailability.
The commercialization of metal-air battery needs the discovery of inexpensive and highly effective bifunctional cathode catalysts to promote both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report new perovskite LaTi0.65Fe0.35O3−δ (LTFO) nanoparticles entangled both at the surface and within the nitrogen doped carbon nanorods (NCNR) as a bifunctional ORR and OER catalyst. The electrode exhibits high surface area with a good dispersion of the active perovskite centers on the surface of the nanorods with porous morphology, to be easily accessible for electrocatalytic testing over long term cycling of zinc-air batteries. The inexpensive LTFO catalyst shows a modest overpotential in a rechargeable zinc-air battery and a stable discharge potential region for prolonged periods of at least 12h in primary zinc-air batteries operated in an ambient air environment.
The development of electroactive organic materials for use in aqueous redox flow battery (RFB) electrolytes is highly attractive because of their structural flexibility, low cost and sustainability. Here, we report on a highly reversible anthraquinone-based anolyte (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-DHAQ) for alkaline aqueous RFB applications. Electrochemical measurements reveal the substituent position of hydroxyl groups for DHAQ isomers has a significant impact on the redox potential, electrochemical reversibility and water-solubility. 1,8-DHAQ shows the highest redox reversibility and rapidest mass diffusion among five isomeric DHAQs. The alkaline aqueous RFB using 1,8-DHAQ as the anolyte and potassium ferrocyanide as the catholyte yields open-circuit voltage approaching 1.1 V and current efficiency and capacity retention exceeding 99.3% and 99.88% per cycle, respectively. This aqueous RFB produces a maximum power density of 152 mW cm−2 at 100% SOC and 45 °C. Choline hydroxide was used as a hydrotropic agent to enhance the water-solubility of 1,8-DHAQ. 1,8-DHAQ has a maximum solubility of 3 M in 1 M KOH with 4 M choline hydroxide.
A novel sandwich-type sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/tungstophosphoric acid (TPA)/polypropylene (PP) composite membrane for a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) has been developed with improved properties: the permeability of vanadium ions is greatly reduced and the performance of the VRB cell is greatly increased. The membrane is based on a traditional SPEEK membrane embedded with TPA but PP is used to enhance the membrane for the first time. Although its voltage efficiency (VE) is a little lower than that of a Nafion 212 membrane, it is expected to have good prospects for VRB systems because of its low cost and good performance.
In this study, a small scale hybrid solar heating, chilling and power generation system, including parabolic trough solar collector with cavity receiver, a helical screw expander and silica gel–water adsorption chiller, etc., was proposed and extensively investigated. The system has the merits of effecting the power generation cycle at lower temperature level with solar energy more efficiently and can provide both thermal energy and power for remote off-grid regions. A case study was carried out to evaluate an annual energy and exergy efficiency of the system under the climate of northwestern region of China. It is found that both the main energy and exergy loss take place at the parabolic trough collector, amount to 36.2% and 70.4%, respectively. Also found is that the studied system can have a higher solar energy conversion efficiency than the conventional solar thermal power generation system alone. The energy efficiency can be increased to 58.0% from 10.2%, and the exergy efficiency can be increased to 15.2% from 12.5%. Moreover, the economical analysis in terms of cost and payback period (PP) has been carried out. The study reveals that the proposed system the PP of the proposed system is about 18 years under present energy price conditions. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the interest rate decreases to 3% or energy price increase by 50%, PP will be less than 10 years.
The influence of temperature and salt concentration on the properties of solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) complexed by combshaped polyethers has been studied. The combshaped polyethers consisted of styrenic backbone polymers carrying pendant poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) (PEOPO) side chains terminated by hydrocarbon (C16) chain ends. Analysis by DSC and polarized light microscopy showed that the structure and composition of the side chains had a large effect on the crystallization behavior of the electrolytes. For example, a slow crystallization process was noted in electrolytes containing PEO side chains after storage at ambient temperature. This transition was not observed in corresponding electrolytes containing PEOPO side chains. Polymer aggregation by phase separation of the hydrocarbon chain ends was indicated in all electrolytes by narrow melt endotherms. A maximum conductivity of 10−4.6 S/cm at 20°C, and 10−3.2 S/cm at 80°C, was found at [Li]/[O]=0.050 for an electrolyte based on a polyether having side chains containing 20 wt% propylene oxide. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivities was well described by Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher equations in the absence of crystallinity.
Introduction Goal of the current study was to compare the respective roles of domain general cognitive skills with domain specific quantitative understanding, as well as the effect of math anxiety, on the performance of different types of arithmetic tasks. Methods Fifty-eight adults performed a battery of tests. Results We found dissociations between domain general abilities that supported verbally or spatially mediated arithmetic tasks. The verbally mediated tasks were supported by the verbal central executive component of working memory, while the spatially mediated task, number line knowledge, was supported by the spatial central executive component of working memory. Conclusions Different tasks had differential relationships with math anxiety: math anxiety effected school-like math tasks more than verbally mediated tasks and number line task. Math anxiety was negatively influenced by the spatial central executive component of working memory, indicating that spatial working memory can be a source of vulnerability to math anxiety.
The negative effects of non-renewable fossil fuels have forced scientists to draw attention to clean energy sources which are both environmentally more suitable and renewable. Although Turkey enjoys fairly high wind energy potential, an investigation and exploitation of this source is still below the desired level. In this study which is a preliminary study on wind energy cost in Central Anatolian-Turkey, the wind energy production using time-series approach and the economic evaluation of various wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) enjoying the 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 150kW rated power size using the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) method for the seven different locations in Central Turkey were estimated. In addition, effects of escalation ratio of operation and maintenance cost and annual mean speed on LCOE are taken into account. The wind speed data for a period between 2000 and 2006years were taken from Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS). According to the result of the calculations, it is shown that the WECS of capacity 150kW produce the energy output 120,978kWh per year in the Case-A (Pinarbasi) for hub height 30m and also the LCOE varies in the range of 0.29–30.0$/kWh for all WECS considered.
LiCo1−x Fe x O2 compounds (0≤x≤ 1) with ordered rock salt structure of α-NaFeO2 type were prepared by ion exchange reaction in a molten eutectic mixture from the corresponding Na compounds. The Li compounds are investigated by galvanostatic and potentiostatic cycling experiments. The new form, ion-exchanged LiCoO2 (IE-LiCoO2), is compared in its electrochemical behaviour with the known high temperature HT-LiCoO2. A different behaviour at cycling up to 4.8V versus Li/Li+ is evidenced. Galvanostatic and potentiostatic cycling experiments were also carried out on the iron-containing compounds. Charge voltage increases and electrochemical capacity decreases with increasing iron content and reaches a low value for LiFeO2 with an iron content of x=0.6. Reasons that may account for this behaviour are discussed.
We design a macroscopic structure composing of porous carbon and graphene sheets, which are coated onto a cellulose paper as an interlayer inserted between electrode and separator. The interlayer mainly acts as a divertor to accommodate the discharge products breaking away from the electrode by mechanical degradation or cathode dissolution during cycling and keeps the close contact with current collector. Iron fluoride is a new-type lithium storage material developed in recent years, which can act as a cathode material candidate for the rechargeable lithium ion battery due to their large theoretical capacity and relatively high operating potential. Specifically, FeF3·0.33H2O, which possesses unusual tunnel structure, is attracting more and more attentions. However, FeF3·0.33H2O suffers from the poor electronic conductivity and volume effect during cycling, causing the large capacity fading. In this study, we design a macroscopic structure composing of porous carbon and graphene sheets, which are coated onto a cellulose paper as an interlayer inserted between electrode and separator. The interlayer can not only enhance the electronic conductivity, but also absorb the FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles breaking away from the Al foil due to the volume effect upon cycling. When the interlayer is applied in battery, discharge capacities of 600 and 460mAhg−1 can be achieved at the rates of 100 and 600mAg−1 after 60 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the capacity of 435mAhg−1 can be still retained at a high rate of 1000mAg−1 after 250 cycles. The results demonstrate a potential feasibility for the porous carbon/graphene sheets to be applied to obtain a high-performance lithium-iron fluoride battery.
Experts recommend that clinicians assess motivational factors before initiating care for pediatric obesity. Currently, there are no well-established clinical tools available for assessing motivation in youth with obesity or their families. This represents an important gap in knowledge since motivation-related information may shed light on which patients might fail to complete treatment programs. Our study was designed to evaluate the measurement properties and utility of the Readiness and Motivational Interview for Families (RMI-Family), a structured interview that utilizes a motivational interviewing approach to (i) assess motivational factors in youth and their parents, and (ii) examine the degree to which motivation and motivation-related concordance between youth and parents are related to making changes to lifestyle habits for managing obesity in youth.
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructure exhibits excellent electrochemical performance because of their unique physico-chemical properties like fast electron transfer, good rate capability, and cyclic stability. In the present study, Co3(PO4)2 1D nanograsses are grown on Ni foam using a simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal technique with different reaction times. The open space with uniform nanograsses displays a high areal capacitance, rate capability, energy density, and cyclic stability due to the nanostructure enhancing fast ion and material interactions. Ex-situ microscope images confirm the dependence of structural stability on the reaction time, and the nanograsses promoted ion interaction through material. Further, the reproducibility of the electrochemical performance confirms the binder-free Co3(PO4)2 1D nanograsses to be a suitable high-performance cathode material for application to hybrid supercapacitor. Finally, the assembled hybrid supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density (26.66 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1) and longer lifetimes (80% retained capacitance after 6000 cycles). Our results suggests that the Co3(PO4)2 1D nanograss design have a great promise for application to hybrid supercapacitor.
As cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremities have gained increasing attention, methods to quantify the associated workplace risk factors have been developed. This paper reviews some of the current workplace analysis techniques, and highlights the current need for better field measurement systems. This need has led to the development of a field measurement tool: the manual task evaluator (MTE). Results of a laboratory experiment and a field experiment using the MTE are presented. In the laboratory experiment, subjects performed a cutting task using a knife. Average peak torque levels, as measured by the system, were found to vary significantly as a function of the material being cut and the technique used to perform the cut. In the field experiment (at two poultry processing plants) similar cutting tasks were evaluated. Task- and person-related factors were found to influence the power required to perform the task. These studies demonstrate the utility of the MTE. Relevance to industry The results of this study have implications regarding field evaluation of forces required to perform repetitive tasks as well as identification of areas for task redesign.
A vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin-film is deposited on to a platinum substrate using an electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique and its performance in a secondary lithium cell is reported for the first time. The deposited thin-film is characterized in terms of structure and surface morphology using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD studies reveals that the structure of the thin V2O5 film is amorphous. The crystallinity increases with rise in the annealing temperature from 200 to 275°C and is composed of orthorhombic V2O5 crystals. Scanning electron micrographs indicate the near-porous nature of the annealed thin-film. The electrochemical behavior of the thin-film of vanadate is investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling using a lithium metal anode in the voltage range 2.0–4.0V (versus Li metal) in 1M LiClO4/propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte. Good cycleability and high capacity (270mAhg−1) is achieved at a current rate of 0.2C by annealing the thin-film at 275°C. Furthermore, the capacity remains stable even after 25 cycles; excellent capacity retention is observed even at the 1C rate (260mAhg−1). It is concluded that ESD is an excellent and cheap technique for fabricating thin-films of vanadate for use as cathodes in secondary lithium cells.
The potential use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) as conductive agent for electrodes in Li-ion batteries has been investigated. LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 (NCM) has been chosen as the active material for positive electrodes, and a nano-sized TiO2-rutile for the negative electrodes. Also the MWCNTs ability of reversibly inserting Li has been characterized. The electrochemical performances of the electrodes are studied by galvanostatic techniques and cyclic voltammetry. In particular the influence of the nanotubes on the rate capability is evaluated. The addition of MWCNTs significantly enhances the rate performances of NCM-based cathodes at all investigated C-rates. The 1wt.% MWCNTs in TiO2 rutile-based anodes accounts for an increase in the rate capability when the electrodes are cycled in the potential range 1.0–3.0V. The range extension to more negative potentials (i.e. 0.1–3.0V), however, causes a capacity fading especially at higher current rates. The obtained results demonstrate that the addition of MWCNTs to the electrode composition, even in low amounts, enables an increase in both energy and power densities of a Li-ion battery.
The present study investigates the development of methyl cellulose (MC)–sodium alginate (SA)–montmorillonite (MMT) clay based bionanocomposite films with interesting wound healing properties. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the composite films revealed presence of single glass transition temperature (Tg) confirming the miscible nature of the ternary blended films. The increase in MMT ratio in the composite films reduced the mobility of biopolymer chains (MC/SA) which increased the Tg of the film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that dispersion of clay (MMT) at nano level significantly delayed the weight loss that correlated with higher thermal stability of the composite films. It was observed that the developed films were able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against four typical pathogenic bacteria found in the presence of wound. The developed films were able to significantly inhibit (10 mg/ml) the growth of Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro scratch assay indicated potential wound closure activities of MC-2–4 bionanocomposite films at their respective highest subtoxic doses. In conclusion, these ternary bionanocomposite films were found to be promising systems for wound healing applications.