batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Acoustic positioning telemetry is nowadays widely used in behavioural ecology of aquatic animals. Data on the animal’s geographical location and its changes through time are used to study for instance movement patterns, habitat use and migration. The acoustic signals are detected by stand-alone receivers, allowing to collect huge amounts of data over long periods of time. However, large volumes of data might contain large errors. The traditional Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method used to calculate underwater positions, is a point-by-point approach: every position is calculated independently of all other positions. This method assumes that the acoustic transmissions follow a linear path. In many environments, this assumption is violated, for instance by reflections of the acoustic signal against hard surfaces, such as rock formations and concrete walls, or by diffractions around obstacles. Hence, acoustic positioning datasets usually require additional filtering. Unfortunately, the performance of the available filtering techniques is often unclear or ambiguous, especially when reflections occur. An alternative to the point-by-point approach, is a track-oriented approach, as used by YAPS (Yet Another Positioning System). This novel algorithm uses the information that is present in previous and subsequent positions, by combining a model of fish behaviour with Time of Arrival (TOA) of the signals on the receivers. In this study, we investigated the performance of two filtering techniques applied to positions provided by the Vemco Positioning System (VPS) in a highly reflective environment. We compared the unfiltered VPS positions with a standard filtering technique, making use of the Horizontal Positioning Error (HPE), and developed a new filter based on receiver cluster classification. Finally, we recalculated the positions with YAPS and compared the performance of this system to the two filtering techniques.
Lithium metal dendrite growth in Li/poly (ethylene oxide)-lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PEO18LiTFSI), nano-silica, and N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13TFSI) composite solid polymer electrolyte/Li was investigated by direct in situ observation. The dendrite onset time decreased with increasing current density and deviated from Sand's law in the current density range of 0.1–0.5mAcm−2 at 60°C. Lithium dendrite formation was not observed until 46h of polarization at 0.5mAcm−2 and 60°C, which is a significant improvement compared to that observed in Li/(PEO18LiTFSI)/Li, where the dendrite formation was observed after 15h polarization at 0.5mAcm−2 and 60°C. The suppression of dendrite formation could be explained by the electrical conductivity enhancement and decrease of the interface resistance between Li and the polymer electrolyte by the introduction of both nano-SiO2 and PP13TFSI into PEO18LiTFSI. The electrical conductivity of 4.96×10−4 Scm−1 at 60°C was enhanced to 7.6×10−4 Scm−1, and the interface resistance of Li/PEO18LiTFSI/Li of 248Ωcm2 was decreased to 74Ωcm2 by the addition of both nano-SiO2 and PP13TFSI into PEO18LiTFSI.
The enthalpies of formation of Li1+x Mn2−x O4 (0< x <0.1) spinel phases were measured using high temperature oxide solution calorimetry in a sodium molybdate solvent at 701°C. One commercially available LiMn2O4 powder and two Li1+x Mn2−x O4 samples synthesized using the sol–gel method were used for the measurements. The enthalpies of formation of the spinels from the binary constituent oxides and from the elements become more exothermic with increasing lithium content and increasing average oxidation state of the manganese cation in the range 0< x <0.1. Additionally, the lithium-rich boundary of the Li1+x Mn2−x O4 phase for 0< x <0.1 was re-investigated using differential thermal analysis combined with thermogravimetric analysis.
This paper deals with the control system development for a hybrid energy storage system, consisting of a battery and a supercapacitor, for a through-the-road-parallel hybrid electric vehicle. One of the main advantages deriving from the coupling of a battery and a supercapacitor is the possibility of reducing battery ageing, in addition to energy efficiency improvements when the system operates in critical climate conditions. At the moment, no specific controller has been proposed with the aim of directly reducing battery wear. This paper presents a novel model predictive controller and a dynamic programming algorithm including a simplified battery ageing model in their formulations. The simulation results of the model predictive controller and dynamic programming algorithm are compared with the results deriving from a rule-based strategy. The rule-based controller achieves a 67% reduction of the root mean square values of battery current along a selection of driving cycles in comparison with the same vehicle equipped with battery only. In the same conditions the battery peak current is reduced by 38%. The model predictive controller and the dynamic programming algorithm further reduce the root mean square value by 6% and 10% respectively, whilst the peak values are additionally decreased by 17% and 45%.
Loss of electroactive dopants from conducting polymers (CPs) was investigated by electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM). pPy[ABTS], polypyrrole doped with ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), was used as a model system. Two different kinds of electrolytes were used for studying the loss of dopants under electrochemical stimuli: one is a solvent to dissolve the dopant (dopant-philic) while the dopant is insoluble in the other (dopant-phobic). Degradation of polypyrrole backbone as well as loss of the dopant from pPy[ABTS] was observed in the dopant-philic electrolyte. Severe chemical overoxidation of polypyrrole by the most oxidized state of ABTS {(ABTS2+)2−} was emphasized as a factor responsible for de-doping in addition to potential-driven overoxidation or ion exchange. In the dopant-phobic electrolyte, however, the chemical degradation of the polymer film was suppressed.
The gasochromic mechanism in amorphous tungsten oxide films has been investigated using Raman scattering measurements and optical cycling tests. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two strong peaks at 770 and 950 cm−1 due to vibrations of the OW6+O and W6+O bonds, respectively. When the Pd/a-WO3 films are gasochromically colored by exposure to diluted hydrogen gas, extra Raman peaks due to OW5+O and W5+O bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm−1, respectively. Optical cycling tests confirm that the Pd/a-WO3 films can not be bleached without oxygen. The Raman spectra of a-WO3 films bleached with isotopic heavy oxygen (18O) show that the gasochromic coloration in a-WO3 films is directly related to the double injection of hydrogen ions and electrons.
The cycling stability of spinel LiMn2O4 with different particle sizes, varying from nano to micrometer scales, was studied in aqueous electrolyte at both room-temperature (25°C) and elevated temperature (60°C). The electrochemical test results indicate that LiMn2O4 exhibits almost same good cycling stability and rate capability at room temperature despite of the particle size, while it shows significant difference at the elevated temperature: LiMn2O4 with large particle size shows much better cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 93% after 50 cycles, while the sample with smaller particle size shows poorer cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 78%. Mn dissolution and thus leading to the electrode polarization which is mainly responsible for the capacity fading during cycling.
Induction melting associated with simple ball-milling is utilized to synthesize a SnLi4.4@C core–shell hierarchical composite in which nanometer-sized SnLi4.4 particles are uniformly dispersed and encapsulated by carbon matrix. When evaluated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the composite exhibits a reversible capacity of 680mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at 200mAg−1. A capacity of 310mAhg−1 is obtained even at a high rate of 5000mAg−1. The superior electrochemical performance is ascribed to the fact that the prelithiated SnLi4.4 will not exert any expansion stress on the carbon matrix during the subsequent delithiation and lithiation processes, therefore guarantee the sustainable integrity of the composite in the prolonged cycling. The carbon matrix offers continuous transport paths for Li+ ions and electrons inside the composite. Meanwhile the carbon can sufficiently prevent the disintegration and aggregation of Sn nanoparticles upon prolonged cycling. The present study effectively circumvents the low initial Coulombic efficiency of the Sn-related nanocomposites and provides a protocol for pairing lithium-free cathodes to make the next-generation high energy lithium ion batteries.
The engineering of various nanocomposites is a promising strategy to address the dramatic volume variation of silicon-based anodes for lithium ion batteries. However, most anode electrodes fabricated under this strategy are somehow hindered for commercial applications due to the relatively low volumetric capacity of the electrodes. Here, we have just developed a novel electrode configuration consisting a pore size-graded thick CNT–Si film with a high reversible volumetric capacity up to 4033mAh/cm3 at a current density of 210mA/g. Furthermore, the resultant electrode exhibits outstanding cycling stability, with a capacity of more than ~3000mAh/cm3 after 200 cycles at 840mA/g, and high rate capability of 2000mAh/cm3 at 8400mA/g. The excellent lithium storage performance can be mainly attributed to the pore size-graded structure design of the thick film.
We aimed to examine the trajectory of psychosocial functioning in a sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) throughout a 5-year follow-up. Ninety-nine euthymic bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) were included. A neurocognitive assessment (17 neurocognitive measures grouped in 6 domains) was carried out at baseline. The split version of the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF-F) and the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) were used to examine psychosocial functioning at baseline (T1), and after a 5-year follow-up (T2). The statistical analysis was performed through repeated measures ANOVA and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the GAF-F and the FAST scores at T1 and T2. Eighty-seven patients (87.9%) were evaluated at T2. The cluster analysis identified two groups of patients. The first group included 44 patients (50.6%) who did not show a progression of the functional impairment (BD-NPI). The second cluster, which included 43 patients (49.4%), was characterized by a progression of the functional impairment (BD-PI). The BD-PI had a higher number of relapses and a higher number of hospitalizations during the follow-up period, as well as worse neurocognitive functioning than the BD-NPI. The repeated measures ANOVA confirmed that the psychosocial performance of BD-NPI is stable while there was a progression of the functional deterioration in BD-PI. The trajectory of the psychosocial functioning of patients with BD is not homogeneous. Our results suggest that in at least one subset of patients with BD, which might account for half of the patients, the disease has a progressive course.
The practical success of pervasive services running in mobile wireless networks and devices relies on their ability to provide effective and efficient offloading support, so as to satisfy the increasing demand for mobile devices to run heavier applications (e.g. those running on desktop PCs). Offloading is an effective mechanism for leveraging the severity of resource constrained mobile devices by migrating some computing load to nearby resource-rich surrogates (e.g. desktop PCs, servers) on home networks or their extension. This paper proposes a light-weight and efficient offloading middleware, which provides runtime offloading services for resource constrained mobile devices. The middleware considers multiple types of resources (i.e. memory, CPU and bandwidth) and carries out application partitioning and partition offloading in an adaptive and efficient manner. The corresponding algorithms are presented. The evaluation outcomes indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of this service offloading solution.
Reliable source of energy is a topic of momentous concern in the world due to the uncertainty in conventional energy sources. The situation gets exacerbated with the impact of natural disasters on the transmission grid. The advent of cutting edge energy storage technology has provided a competent solution. Energy storage system is an integral part of a grid since it enhances the stability and performance by disengaging the energy generation source and the load especially when intermittent renewable energy sources are a part of the system. Battery technology should not only be able to demonstrate high performance but must be economically viable for project implementation. Several grid connected renewable energy based battery projects have been implemented for research and development as well as commercial application. The projects discussed in this review are considered based on the availability of information. This review paper will focus on grid connected battery projects powered by wind and solar energy generation sources.
A finite element model of the impact of diverse degradation mechanisms on the impedance spectrum of a solid oxide fuel cell is presented as a tool for degradation mode identification. Among the degradation mechanisms that cause electrode active area loss, the attention is focused on electrode delamination and uniformly distributed surface area loss, which were found to cause distinct and specific changes in the impedance spectrum. Degradation mechanisms resulting in uniformly distributed reactive surface area loss include sintering, sulphur poisoning, and possibly incipient coke formation at the anode, and chromium deposition at the cathode. Parametric studies reveal the extent and limits of applicability of the model and detectability of the different degradation modes, as well as the influence of different cell geometries on the change in impedance behaviour resulting from the loss of active area. It is expected that this technique could form the basis of a useful diagnostic tool for both solid oxide fuel cell developers and users.
In this study, we design a facile strategy to synthesize the core-shell NiSe/C composites through a two-step method, in which the NiSe nanospheres were coated with a thin polydopamine layer by in-situ polymerization process and then calcined under inert atmosphere. When served as anodes for LIBs and SIBs, the core-shell NiSe/C composites can exhibit a superior cycling performance within 50 cycles and an excellent rate performance due to the synergistic effect between the core of NiSe nanospheres and the shell of robust carbon layer, which can effectively improve the conductivity of NiSe/C composites and accommodate volume and stress change during the cycling process.
A MoO2/Graphene composite as a high performance anode for Li ion batteries is synthesized by a one pot in-situ low temperature solution phase reduction method. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy results confirm that 2D graphene layers entrap MoO2 nanoparticles homogeneously in the composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the presence of oxygen functionalities on graphene, which allows intimate contact between MoO2 nanoparticles and the graphene. Conductive atomic force microscopy reveals an extraordinarily high nanoscale electronic conductivity for MoO2/Graphene, greater by 8 orders of magnitude in comparison to bulk MoO2. The layered nanostructure and the conductive matrix provide uninhibited conducting pathways for fast charge transfer and transport between the oxide nanoparticles and graphene which are responsible for the high rate capability, a large lithium ion capacity of 770 mAh g−1, and an excellent cycling stability (550 mAh g−1 reversible capacity retained even after 1000 cycles!) at a current density of 540 mA g−1, thereby rendering it to be superior to previously reported values for neat MoO2 or MoO2/Graphene composite. Impedance analyses demonstrate a lowered interfacial resistance for the composite in comparison to neat MoO2. Our results demonstrate the enormous promise that MoO2/Graphene holds for practical Li-ion batteries.
To push energy and power limits of aqueous pseudocapacitors, advanced anode materials are highly desirable. In this work, pyrite FeS2 nanobelts are fabricated through a soft-template-assisted one-pot method. The high electrical conductivity and nanostructured morphology of this anode material facilitate charge transports, thus considerably improving pseudocapacitive performance compared to Fe2O3 and FeS2 contrast samples. This material can deliver a high capacitance of 308.3Fg−1/317.8Fg−1 at 5mVs−1/3Ag−1. It also exhibits good rate capability that 64.2% and 42.0% of the above capacitance can be retained when the scan rate and current density are increased to 10-fold, respectively, and superior long-term cyclability that 81.1% capacitance retention can be obtained after 1000 cycles. The results demonstrate great potential of pyrite FeS2 anode material for aqueous pseudocapacitors.
Psychosocial and behavioral factors contribute to successful postoperative outcomes. Patients’ psychological factors may be predictive of postsurgical adjustment. The identification of these factors would allow targeting patients at risk of a poor outcome. Furthermore, it would enable better patient selection and preoperative and/or postoperative counseling to improve long-term outcomes. Unfortunately, no such consistent and reproducible predictors have been found so far.
Facile synthesis of rhombohedral type FeF3 introduced via two consecutive steps is introduced: i) acidic treatment of Fe2O3 followed by thermal evaporation at 80 °C resulting in hydrated β-FeF3·3H2O and ii) a simple thermal decomposition of the as-received β-FeF3·3H2O at 400 °C under an Ar atmosphere. A Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data for the as-synthesized FeF3 indicates the formation of a highly crystalline FeF3 structure with a R 3 ¯ c space group. To overcome the high ionicity and improve the diffusivity, FeF3 is ball-milled with the aid of carbon (acetylene black). The electrochemical performance of nanosized FeF3 is not favored in voltage range of 1.5–4.5 V because the repetitive intercalation–conversion reaction accelerates the structural disruption within a few cycles, although a high capacity (518 mAh (g-fluoride)−1 at 20 mA g−1) is observed, assisted by the three-electron redox of Fe3+/0. Raising the lower cut-off voltage to 2 V, which allows only intercalation reaction, the FeF3 delivers a high capacity of 224 mAh g−1 with significantly improved capacity retention (71% at 100th cycle).
Carbon-coated ZnO is synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) tests indicate that carbon is uniformly coated on the surface of the ZnO particle. And the crystal form of ZnO isn't changed. The effects of carbon layer on the electrochemical performances of ZnO have also been investigated by the charge/discharge cycling test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) tests. The CV curves at different scan rates exhibit that carbon-coated ZnO has the superior reversibility at high scan rate. The charge/discharge cycling tests under different charge/discharge rates show, even if at high-rate, the cycling performance and specific discharge capacity of carbon-coated ZnO are also superior to that of bare ZnO. The Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) verify that the carbon layer can improve the anti-corrosion and charge-transfer performances of ZnO. The different rate experiments indicate that, compared with the increase of the conductivity, the effect of carbon layer on improving the anti-corrosion performance of ZnO plays a more dominating role in improving the electrochemical performances of ZnO at low charge/discharge rate.
FeAs powders are prepared using iron and arsenic as the reactants by solid state reaction. The electrochemical performances of FeAs materials as the anode for lithium ion batteries are investigated. The FeAs electrode delivers a reversible lithium-insertion capacity of ca. 817 and 424mAhg−1 in the cut-off voltage range of 0.01–2.0V and 0.3–1.2V, respectively. The latter range ensures a good cycling stability of FeAs electrode. A possible lithiation/delithiation mechanism is proposed according to the HRTEM observation on cycled electrodes. The results show that FeAs is a potential electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Considering the open layered structure characteristic of some superconductors, which is beneficial to the insertion/extraction of lithium ion, they may be the candidate electrodes for lithium ion batteries.
This paper presents a novel spatial instruction system for improving spatial abilities of engineering students. A 3D mobile game application called Virtual Blocks has been designed to provide a 3D virtual environment to build models with cubes that help students to perform visualization tasks to promote the development of their spatial ability during a short remedial course. A validation study with 26 freshman engineering students at La Laguna University (Spain) has concluded that the training had a measurable and positive impact on students’ spatial ability. In addition, the results obtained using a satisfaction questionnaire show that Virtual Blocks is considered an easy to use and stimulating application.
A new on-board MeOH-to-H2 processor, which is a combination of multi-tube annular membrane methanol reformer (MTAMMR), plate-fin heat exchangers, fuel tank, and auxiliary equipment, is installed into the hybrid fuel cell vehicle named as the methanol reformer-based hybrid fuel cell (MRHFC) vehicle. Compared to the high-pressure hydrogen tank in the direct hydrogen fuel cell (DHHFC) vehicle, e.g. 2016 Toyota Mirai hybrid fuel cell vehicle, we found that (i) the estimated size of the MeOH-to-H2 processor is smaller than that of the hydrogen tank by 46.6% if the sizes of auxiliary equipment are not taken into account, and (ii) the estimated capital cost of the stainless steel MeOH-to-H2 processor is lower than that of the hydrogen tank by 77% if the present high cost of the tubular membrane is ignored. To explore the fuel economy of the MRHFC vehicle with different batteries, the urban/highway driving cycles in terms of the acceleration performance and the hybrid ratio (HR) of battery power and motor peak power is investigated by an advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR). The simulations show that (i) the high HR can reduce the total cost as well as increase the fuel economy of the MRHFC vehicle, and (ii) the Li-ion battery is better equipped to ensure the high fuel economy and avoid the undesired state of charge (SOC) of battery while HR = 0.6.