batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite has been synthesized by a facile microemulsion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirm that the as-prepared Li3V2(PO4)3/C sample shows the pure monoclinic structure and nanosphere morphology. Li3V2(PO4)3/C has a particle size of about 100nm, and these nanoparticles are connected each other by the conductive carbon network. Electrochemical measurements demonstratethat the Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanoparticles can deliver discharge capacities of 129.8, 126.1, 118.0, 116.1 and 110.1 mAh g−1 between 3.0 and 4.3V, and 171.4, 163.1, 153.2, 144.0 and 133.4 mAh g−1 between 3.0 and 4.8V at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20C, respectively. Even at 20C rate, it still can present a reversible discharge capacity of 101.8 mAh g−1 with 92.5% capacity retention after 1400 cycles and 96.4 mAh g−1 with 72.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles in the potential ranges of 3.0-4.3V and 3.0-4.8V, respectively. The excellent rate capability and long-term cycle performance demonstrate that the Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanoparticles prepared in this work has great potential for application as cathode materials in high-power lithium ion batteries.
Red phosphorus (P) suffers from dramatic capacity decay and poor conductivity as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, the composite material made of red phosphorus and carbon matrix has become the mainstream route to solve these problems. In this work, we prepared a free-standing flexible P/C electrode by encapsulating phosphorus in a dual-conducting network of porous multichannel carbon nanofibers and in-situ carbon nanotubes (denoted as P@PMCNFs/CNTs) to achieve electrode conductivity and cycle stability. The nano-sized red P is adsorbed in three-dimensional carbon network and channel according to strong P–C chemical bond adsorption energy. Furthermore, the free-standing electrode can make full use of the overall capacity of the material and avoid inactive additives, which improving the overall volume functional density. When used as anodes for LIBs, the prepared free-standing P@PMCNFs/CNTs electrode shows excellent rate capability (601 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1), cycle stability (802.3 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycle), and a surface-dominated contribution (70.2%).
Transition metal sulfide, especially NiCo2S4, is of great interest as the promising battery-type electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). However, such material has its own disadvantages of energy waste of preparation and poor electrical conductivity. In this work, we adopted a green and environmentally friendly room-temperature sulfurization method to successfully prepare the electrode material (ACF/NCS-HL) with activated carbon fiber (ACF) as the core and honeycomb-like NiCo2S4 as the shell (NCS-HL). This material has porous structure with heterogeneous redox electron pairs and shows excellent electrochemical performance. The optimized ACF/NCS-HL exhibits remarkable specific capacitance of 1682 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte in the three-electrode system. The asymmetric supercapacitor device with ACF/NCS-HL as positive electrode and ACF as negative electrode shows the high energy density of 49.38 W h kg−1 at the power density of 800 W kg−1 and the preeminent cycle stability up to 82.88% after 5000 cycles, indicating its promising potential application in the future as high-performance supercapacitors.
Supercapacitive behavior of electrochemically synthesized carbon nanofibers by the controlled reduction of chloroform at room temperature is demonstrated. The important advantage of the electrochemical route is in situ functionalization of carbon fibers (CFs), which can be controlled by the nature of the precursor. The FTIR spectrum of as-prepared CFs reveals substantial amounts of functionalized species, namely, OH, O, COOH, etc., while scanning electron micrographs show CFs packed in bundles of 25μm. The presence of amorphous carbon as well as traces of a graphitic phase is confirmed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The capacitive behavior of the carbon nanofibers is studied in terms of charge–discharge curves and cyclic voltammograms. A specific capacitance of 28Fg−1 is obtained for a measured surface area of 78m2 g−1. Thermal treatment does not cause a change in surface structure as well as capacitive behavior of the carbonaceous materials although there is an increase in surface area to 592m2 g−1.
It has been recently reported that both dynamic movement characteristics, as well as the duration of postures adopted during work, are important in the development of low back pain (LBP). This paper presents a video-based posture assessment method capable of measuring trunk angles and angular velocities in industrial workplaces. The inter-observer reliability, system accuracy, and the relationship of the measured exposures to the reporting of low back pain are reported. The video analysis workstation consisted of a desktop computer equipped with digital video capture and playback technology, a VCR, and a computer game type joystick. The operator could then use a joystick to track trunk flexion and lateral bending during computer-controlled video playback. The joystick buttons were used for binary input of twisting. The inter-observer reliability for peak flexion and percentage of time spent in posture category variables were excellent (ICC>0.8). Lower reliability levels were observed for peak and average velocity and movement related variables. The video analysis system time series data showed very high correlation to the criterion optoelectronic imaging system (r=0.92). Root mean square errors averaged 5.8° for the amplitude probability distribution function data. Trunk flexion variables including peak level, peak velocity, average velocity indicators, and percent time in flexion category indicators all showed significant differences between cases and controls in the epidemiological study. A model consisting of the measures peak trunk flexion, percent time in lateral bend and average lateral bending velocity emerged after multivariable analysis for relationship to low back pain. Relevance to industry Risk of injury for the low back is multifactorial. The trunk position and movement velocity are emerging as important parameters. This analysis confirms the importance of these factors and demonstrates the utility of a video-based method to measure them in industrial settings.
This paper presents a comparative study of twelve equivalent circuit models for Li-ion batteries. These twelve models were selected from state-of-the-art lumped models reported in the literature. The test data used is obtained from a battery test system with a climate chamber. The test schedule is designed to measure key cell attributes under highly dynamical excitations. The datasets were collected from two types of Li-ion cells under three different temperatures. The multi-swarm particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the optimal model parameters for the two types of Li-ion cells. The usefulness of these models is then studied through a comprehensive evaluation by examining model complexity, model accuracy, and robustness of the model by applying the model to datasets obtained from other cells of the same chemistry type.
In this study, a binary composite polypyrrole@MnMoO4 was facilely prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization of monomer in the presence of MnMoO4 nanorods The MnMoO4 nanorods were wrapped by a layer of polypyrrole (PPy) and formed a core-sheath structure which embedded in PPy matrix. The prepared PPy@MnMoO4 composite was characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, and TEM spectroscopy and its capacitive performance was investigated. Electrochemical measurements show that the specific capacitance of PPy@MnMoO4 composite (MnMoO4 content is 13.95wt%) reached 462.9Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 and 374.8Fg−1 at a current density of 0.2Ag−1 in a three-electrode system. In the two-electrode system of a symmetric supercapacitor, it achieved specific capacitances of about 221.3Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 and 207.5Fg−1 at a current density of 0.5Ag−1. The PPy@MnMoO4 retained 80.6% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of PPy@MnMoO4 composite is attributed to the synergistic effects between the polymer chain and MnMoO4 in PPy@MnMoO4 and its well-designed structure.
Three-dimensional ZnMn2O4/porous carbon framework (3D ZnMn2O4/PCF) was prepared from petroleum asphalt via template synthesis of 3D porous carbon framework (PCF) and subsequent incorporation with ZnMn2O4. As the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, 3D ZnMn2O4/PCF exhibits a high reversible capacity of 760mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 and superior rate capability (ca. 500mAhg−1 at 800mAg−1), which can be ascribed to the superior electrical conductivity of carbon framework and its dimensional confinement on ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles. 3D ZnMn2O4/PCF with ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles well dispersed and firmly anchored on the inner wall of PCF can stably exist during the insertion and desertion of Li ions, ensuring the high rate and long lifespan performances. The present study demonstrates an effective and scalable strategy to solve the long-term cycling difficulty for metal oxide electrodes and help us to understand the roles of dimensional confinement involved in electrodes. Meanwhile, the present study makes it possible to fulfill the high-valued application of petroleum asphalt and other kinds of heavy oil.
Electrochemical techniques using microcapillaries as electrochemical cells allow to study local processes on metal surfaces. Since the usual large-scale electrochemical techniques provide only average data integrating over a large surface area (mm2–cm2), they are inadequate to investigate local corrosion processes. Due to the enhanced current resolution of the microelectrochemical methods down to pA and fA, processes in the micro- and nanometer range can easily be studied. This method allows to perform local electrochemical investigations of single areas of special interest, such as grain boundaries, second-phase precipitates or inclusions. Therefore, the microcapillary technique is well suited to study the corrosion behavior of microsystems. Results obtained from studies of localized corrosion processes of stainless steels are presented and discussed.
Photo-ionic cells convert solar energy into redox fuels. Unlike in photovoltaic devices where the photo-induced charge transfer reactions occur at an electrode, the photoreaction takes place in one bulk solution of a biphasic liquid-liquid system, and the charge separation is realised by the transfer of one of the photoproducts into the adjacent phase to avoid recombination. After separation of the two phases, the redox fuels can be stored and then converted to electricity on demand with a biphasic fuel cell. Here, we compared the effect of the two organic solvents, 1,2-dichloroethane and propylene carbonate, on the performance of the photo-ionic cell. By replacing 1,2-dichloroethane, the maximum cell voltage was increased to 0.6 V. Additionally, propylene carbonate helps to reduce aggregation of dyes and it shows faster kinetics for the photoreaction.
The aim of this research is to prepare leady oxide with high specific area for lead–acid batteries by a new production process. Leady oxide is produced by a cementation reaction in 1.0 wt% HCl solution using a pure aluminum or a magnesium rod as the reductant. Leady oxide prepared in this process is much superior to Barton-pot or ball-mill oxide in terms of physical characteristics. The particle-size distribution of the leady oxide produced by this new process is similar to that of ball-mill oxide. Its acid absorption, however, is much higher because of the different particle shape with respect to ball-mill oxide. Ball-mill oxide is composed of particles of non-uniform plate shape, whereas the new leady oxide is composed of particles of perfect flat (flake) shape. The former oxide has higher specific surface area and greater acid absorption than ball-mill or Barton-pot oxide.
Life cycle assessment of recycling rare earths from waste fluorescent powders was conducted, including the uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. Three scenarios were set in this study, namely, recycling with/without final disposal and waste fluorescent powders landfill. Recycling with final disposal presented lower environmental burden than that without final disposal due to the significant reduction of direct emissions. The evident impacts from chemicals and energy production stages were considered the main contributors to the overall environmental burden of recycling with final disposal due to their relatively high emissions of particulates matter, sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, and carbon dioxide as well as the use of fossil fuel. Compared with landfills, rare-earth recycling shows the highest environmental benefits because of the substitution of primary rare earths. To relieve the high demand of rare earths and reduce the overall environmental burden, governments are highly recommended to increase recycle rate, create a complete management system, improve energy consumption and wastewater treatment efficiency, and build an adequate recycle standard.
Background Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene polymorphisms have been proposed as risk factors for several common disorders. Associations with cognitive variation have also been tested. With regard to schizophrenia (SZ) risk, studies of Caucasian ancestry samples indicate associations more consistently than East Asian samples, suggesting heterogeneity. To exploit the differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure across ethnic groups, we conducted a SZ case–control study (that included cognitive evaluations) in a sample from the north Indian population. Methods NRG1 variants (n=35 SNPs, three microsatellite markers) were initially analyzed among cases (DSM IV criteria, n=1007) and controls (n=1019, drawn from two groups) who were drawn from the same geographical region in North India. Nominally significant associations with SZ were next analyzed in relation to neurocognitive measures estimated with a computerized neurocognitive battery in a subset of the sample (n=116 cases, n=170 controls). Results Three variants and one microsatellite showed allelic association with SZ (rs35753505, rs4733263, rs6994992, and microsatellite 420M9-1395, p≤0.05 uncorrected for multiple comparisons). A six marker haplotype 221121 (rs35753505-rs6994992-rs1354336-rs10093107-rs3924999-rs11780123) showed (p=0.0004) association after Bonferroni corrections. Regression analyses with the neurocognitive measures showed nominal (uncorrected) associations with emotion processing and attention at rs35753505 and rs6994992, respectively. Conclusions Suggestive associations with SZ and SZ-related neurocognitive measures were detected with two SNPs from the NRG1 promoter region in a north Indian cohort. The functional role of the alleles merits further investigation.
The commercial 18650 Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2/graphite high power batteries were prepared and their electrochemical performance at temperatures of 25 and 50°C was extensively investigated. The results showed that the charge-transfer resistance (R ct) and solid electrolyte interface resistance (R sei) of the high power batteries at 25°C decreased as states of charge (SOC) increased from 0 to 60%, whereas R ct and R sei increased as SOC increased from 60 to 100%. The discharge plateau voltage of batteries reduced greatly with the increase in discharge rate at both 25 and 50°C. The high power batteries could be discharged at a very wide current range to deliver most of their capacity and also showed excellent power cycling performance with discharge rate of as high as 10C at 25°C. The elevated working temperature did not influence the battery discharge capacity and cycling performance at lower discharge rates (e.g. 0.5, 1, and 5C), while it resulted in lower discharge capacity at higher discharge rates (e.g. 10 and 15C) and bad cycling performance at discharge rate of 10C. The batteries also exhibited excellent cycle performance at charge rate of as high as 8C and discharge rate of 10C.
Energy storage may serve as a solution to the integration challenges of high penetrations of wind, helping to reduce curtailment, provide system balancing services, and reduce emissions. This study determines the minimum cost configuration of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), wind turbines, and natural gas reciprocating engines in an off-grid model. A life cycle assessment (LCA) model is developed to determine the system configuration needed to achieve a variety of CO2-eq emissions targets. The relationship between total system costs and life cycle emissions are used to optimize the generation mixes to achieve emissions targets at the least cost and determine when VRFBs are preferable over wind curtailment. Different greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets are defined for the off-grid system and the minimum cost resource configuration is determined to meet those targets. This approach determines when the use of VRFBs is more cost effective than wind curtailment in reaching GHG emissions targets. The research demonstrates that while incorporating energy storage consistently reduces life cycle carbon emissions, it is not cost effective to reduce curtailment except under very low emission targets (190g of CO2-eq/kWh and less for the examined system). This suggests that “overbuilding” wind is a more viable option to reduce life cycle emissions for all but the most ambitious carbon mitigation targets. The findings show that adding VRFB as energy storage could be economically preferable only when wind curtailment exceeds 66% for the examined system. The results were most sensitive to VRFB costs, natural gas upstream emissions (e.g. methane leakage), and wind capital cost.
The development of high energy density Li-ion batteries requires to look for electrode materials with high capacity while keeping their stability upon cycling. In this study, amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film deposited on self-organized TiO2 nanotubes is investigated as negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. Nanostructured composite negative electrodes were fabricated by a two-step cost effective electrochemical process. Firstly, self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesised by anodizing of Ti foil. Subsequently, thanks to the use of room temperature ionic liquid, conformal Si layer was electrodeposited on the TiO2 nanotubes to achieve the synthesis of nanostructured a-Si/TiO2 nanotube composite negative electrodes. The influence of the Si loading as well as the crystallinity of the TiO2 nanotubes have been studied in terms of capacity and cyclic stability. For an optimized a-Si loading, it is shown that the amorphous state for the TiO2 nanotubes enables to get stable lithiation and delithiation with a total areal charge capacity of about 0.32 mA h cm−2 with improved capacity retention of about 84% after 50 cycles, while a-Si on crystalline TiO2 nanotubes shows poor cyclic stability independently from the Si loading.
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable material in nature. In this work, ordered cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been transformed into porous carbon with an increased short-range ordered lattice and percolated carbon nanofiber at a relatively low carbonization temperature of 1000°C. When evaluated as anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the CNC derived porous carbon shows superior performances including a high reversible capacity of 340mAh/g at a current density of 100mA/g, which is one of the highest capacity carbon anodes for SIBs. Moreover, the rate capability and cycling stability of the porous carbon are also excellent. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the larger interlayer spacing, porous structure, and high electrical conductivity arising from the ordered carbon lattice and the percolated carbon nanofiber. The formation of nano-sized graphitic carbon from the ordered CNC at the low carbonization temperature of 1000°C is supported by both molecular dynamic simulations and as well as in-situ TEM measurements. This study shed light on the fundamental understanding of converting hydrocarbon biopolymer from wood to high quality carbon with a large domain of ordered lattice.
Electrochemical energy storage systems play an important role in diverse applications, such as electrified transportation and integration of renewable energy with the electrical grid. To facilitate model-based management for extracting full system potentials, proper mathematical models are imperative. Due to extra degrees of freedom brought by differentiation derivatives, fractional-order models may be able to better describe the dynamic behaviors of electrochemical systems. This paper provides a critical overview of fractional-order techniques for managing lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and supercapacitors. Starting with the basic concepts and technical tools from fractional-order calculus, the modeling principles for these energy systems are presented by identifying disperse dynamic processes and using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Available battery/supercapacitor models are comprehensively reviewed, and the advantages of fractional types are discussed. Two case studies demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of fractional-order models. These models offer 15–30% higher accuracy than their integer-order analogues, but have reasonable complexity. Consequently, fractional-order models can be good candidates for the development of advanced battery/supercapacitor management systems. Finally, the main technical challenges facing electrochemical energy storage system modeling, state estimation, and control in the fractional-order domain, as well as future research directions, are highlighted.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is widely recognized as the most promising battery technology for future electric vehicles (EV). To understand the environmental sustainability performance of Li-S battery on future EVs, here a novel life cycle assessment (LCA) model is developed for comprehensive environmental impact assessment of a Li-S battery pack using a graphene sulfur composite cathode and a lithium metal anode protected by a lithium-ion conductive layer, for actual EV applications. The Li-S battery pack is configured with a 61.3 kWh capacity to power a mid-size EV for 320 km range. The life cycle inventory model is developed with a hybrid approach, based on our lab-scale synthesis of the graphene sulfur composite, our lab fabrication of Li-S battery cell, and our industrial partner's battery production processes. The impacts of the Li-S battery are assessed using the ReCiPe method and benchmarked with those of a conventional Nickle-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM)-Graphite battery pack under the same driving distance per charge. The environmental impact assessment results illustrate that Li-S battery is more environmentally friendly than conventional NCM-Graphite battery, with 9%–90% lower impact. Finally, the improvement pathways for the Li-S battery to meet the USABC (U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium) targets are presented with the corresponding environmental impact changes.
Muscle function may influence the risk of knee injury and outcomes following injury. Clinical tests, such as a single-limb mini squat, resemble conditions of daily life and are easy to administer. Fewer squats per 30 seconds indicate poorer function. However, the quality of movement, such as the medio-lateral knee motion may also be important. The aim was to validate an observational clinical test of assessing the medio-lateral knee motion, using a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system. In addition, the inter-rater reliability was evaluated.