batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss is the leading human sensory system loss, and one of the leading causes for years lived with disability with significant effects on quality of life, social isolation, and overall health. Coupled with a forecast of increased hearing loss burden worldwide, national and international health organizations have urgently recommended that access to hearing evaluation be expanded to meet demand. The objective of this study was to develop ‘AutoAudio’ – a novel deep learning proof-of-concept model that accurately and quickly interprets diagnostic audiograms. Adult audiogram reports representing normal, conductive, mixed and sensorineural morphologies were used to train different neural network architectures. Image augmentation techniques were used to increase the training image set size. Classification accuracy on a separate test set was used to assess model performance. The architecture with the highest out-of-training set accuracy was ResNet-101 at 97.5%. Neural network training time varied between 2 to 7 h depending on the depth of the neural network architecture. Each neural network architecture produced misclassifications that arose from failures of the model to correctly label the audiogram with the appropriate hearing loss type. The most commonly misclassified hearing loss type were mixed losses. Re-engineering the process of hearing testing with a machine learning innovation may help enhance access to the growing worldwide population that is expected to require audiologist services. Our results suggest that deep learning may be a transformative technology that enables automatic and accurate audiogram interpretation.
Lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is a novel advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES) system bridging gap between lithium ion battery (LIB) and electrochemical capacitor (ECC). In this work, we report that sisal fiber activated carbon (SFAC) was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment followed by KOH activation and served as capacitive material in LIC for the first time. Different particle structure, morphology, specific surface area and heteroatoms affected the electrochemical performance of as-prepared materials and corresponding LICs. When the mass ratio of KOH to char precursor was 2, hierarchical porous structured SFAC-2 was prepared and exhibited moderate specific capacitance (103 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability and cyclic stability (88% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1). The corresponding assembled LIC (LIC-SC2) with optimal comprehensive electrochemical performance, displayed the energy density of 83 Wh kg−1, the power density of 5718 W kg−1 and superior cyclic stability (92% energy density retention after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). It is worthwhile that the source for activated carbon is a natural and renewable one and the synthesis method is eco-friendly, which facilitate that hierarchical porous activated carbon has potential applications in the field of LIC and other energy storage systems.
Magnesium-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (Mg-TPA) and magnesium- 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (Mg-TMA) MOFs were synthesized and successfully incorporated in a poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix as filler for different proportions of LiN(CF3SO2)2 (LiTFSI) as salt. The membranes prepared were thermally stable up to 360 ̊°C. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes was enhanced upon addition of MOF and a maximum conductivity of 7.02 × 10−4 S cm−1 was achieved for CPE containing 10 wt % of Mg-TPA as filler. The interfacial properties of the CPEs with lithium metal anode were analysed by compatibility, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and XPS analyses. Li/NCPE/Li symmetric cells were assembled and the dendrite growth was also studied. The lithium transference numbers (t Li +) was measured as 0.58 and 0.52 for the CPE containing Mg-TPA and Mg-TMA, respectively which is appreciable for battery applications. The influence of different organic ligands on the electrochemical and interfacial properties of solid polymer electrolytes was investigated and discussed.
Li-rich nickel cobalt manganese oxides (LNCM) cathode with full gradient compounds is prepared by using an ethanol assisted co-precipitation method. The rationally designed procedure involves gradient distributions of transition-metal ions, in which the Ni content increases continuously, Mn content decreases gradually and Co keeps at a low level. The employing ethanol during the synthesis adjusts the surface state to further improve the rate performance of the sample. The full gradient cathode not only provides superior cycling capacity, but also improves operating voltage and mitigates voltage decay due to the high Ni/Mn ratio of out layer with decreased Li2MnO3. The prepared material exhibits high specific capacity of 213.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycling with voltage decay per cycle about 3.36 mV at 1 C. Even more notably, the voltage decay during cycling could still be significantly limited at high rates and capacity retention rates of 84% and 75% can be reached after 100 cycling at 2 C and 5 C, respectively. Hence, this state-of-art full gradient cathode provides an interesting model to promote a further application of LNCM.
Objective To evaluate whether a battery of clinical assessments for acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) can be used to predict long-term recovery. Design Cohort study. Setting University biomechanics laboratory. Participants Individuals (N=82) were assessed using a clinical test battery within 2 weeks of incurring a first-time LAS. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The clinical test battery included scores on the talar glide test (degrees), the anterior drawer, talar tilt, figure of 8 for swelling (millimeters) and knee to wall (millimeters) tests, and handheld goniometric range of motion (inversion, eversion, and plantarflexion [in degrees]). Scores on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool taken 12 months after the clinical test battery were used to classify participants as having chronic ankle instability (CAI) or as being LAS copers. Results Forty percent of participants were designated as having CAI, with 60% being designated as LAS copers. A logistic regression analysis revealed that a combined model using scores from the talar glide, talar tilt, and anterior drawer tests in addition to plantarflexion range of motion was statistically significant (P<.01) and correctly classified cases with moderate accuracy (68.8%). The final model had moderate sensitivity (64%) and good specificity (72%). Conclusions The clinical tests used in this investigation have limited predictive value for CAI when conducted in the acute phase of a first-time LAS injury.
Subjectively perceived memory problems (memory-related Subjective Cognitive Symptoms/SCS) can be an indicator of a pre-prodromal or prodromal stage of a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer’s disease. We therefore sought to provide detailed empirical information on memory-related SCS in the dementia-free adult population including information on prevalence rates, associated factors and others.
Samples of Li7La3Zr2−0.75x Al x O12 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) were synthesised using the citrate–nitrate method. The crystal structure of each sample was characterised using X-ray diffraction. Doping the samples with Al reduced the synthesis time. The cubic modification of Li7La3Zr2O12 was obtained by treatment at 1150 °C for 1 h. The conductivity of the ceramic samples was studied by complex impedance spectroscopy at 25–230 °C. The composition with x = 0.15 had the highest total conductivity, 3.4·10−4 S cm−1, at 25 °C.
The European Space Agency (ESA) is working with the United Kingdom’s University of Nottingham to monitor the movements of large structures as they happen using satellite navigation sensors. The team fixed highly sensitive satnav receivers for detecting movements as small as 1 cm at key locations on the Forth Road Bridge in Scotland. Measurements from these sensors were continuously transmitted in real time via satellite to a processing center at the university and made available via a web-based interface as part of GeoSHM, the project for Global Navigation Satellite System and Earth Observation for Structural Health Monitoring. This information was complemented by historical Earth observation satellite data to give a better overall picture of possible influences on bridge safety through gradual changes in the surrounding ground and any movements of critical structures. Because of stressed structural members and unexpected deformations due to increased traffic, extreme weather conditions such as high winds cause frequent bridge closures, resulting in enormous revenue loss per day. Bridgemaster Barry Colford observed: “This information is extremely useful for understanding how much the bridge can move under extreme weather conditions. This allows us to decide to close the bridge based on precise deformation information.”
The quasi-reversible one-electron reduction of oxygen in dimethylsulfoxide is reported for a range of electrode materials (C, Pt, Pd, and Au) and temperatures (293–343 K). Modelling was undertaken using Butler-Volmer and symmetric Marcus-Hush methods, with the former found to provide more reproducible results for this system, in agreement with previous reports of quasi-reversible systems. The reorganisation energy for the reaction was found to be ca. 1.0 eV, and the reaction confirmed to be predominantly outer-sphere. The observed standard electrochemical rate constant (k 0) is ca. 5.7 times faster for C electrodes than Pt, despite having a lower electronic density of states.
The development of flexible thermoelectric (TE) power generators for harvesting energy from the human body has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, thus far, a wearable TE power generator based on commercially available fabrics has not been realized. In this study, nanostructured Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 were synthesized and deposited on both sides of a silk fabric to form TE columns. These TE columns were connected with silver foils to fabricate a prototype integrating an array of 12 thermocouples. The generator could effectively convert thermal energy into electricity in the temperature difference (ΔT) range of 5–35K. The maximum voltage and power outputs were ∼10mV and ∼15nW, respectively, with no significant change in both, during 100cycles of bending and twisting. Different voltage output profiles were collected from an arm-attached generator before and after 30min of walking, to highlight the immense potential of the silk fabric-based TE generator. This study provides a new approach for developing fabric-based TE power generators for practical applications in wearable electronics.
Objective Controlled blinded studies using transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) paradigms need a validated sham stimulation paradigm since an itching or tingling sensation on the skin surface under the electrode can be associated with current flow. Methods Here we investigated the skin perception thresholds of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) for current intensities ranging from 200 to 2000μA and additional non-stimulation trials using a motor cortex–contralateral orbit montage in three different healthy subject groups: subjects naïve to tES methods, subjects with previous experience with these techniques and investigators, who use these methods in their research. Results Taking the whole sample into consideration the 50% perception threshold for both tDCS conditions was at 400μA while this threshold was at 1200μA in the case of tRNS. Anodal and cathodal tDCS are indistinguishable regarding sites of perception. Experienced investigators show a significantly higher anodal stimulation detection rate when compared to the naïve group, furthermore investigators performed significantly better than naïve subjects in non-stimulation discrimination. Conclusions tRNS has the advantage of higher cutaneous perception thresholds and lower response rates in when compared with tDCS. Further investigation in blinding methods (such as placebo itching) is warranted in order to improve sham control. Significance As tRNS has been shown to have similar aftereffects as anodal tDCS, this finding points to the application of tRNS as a possible alternative with a better blinding control.
The nickel electrodes in Ni–Cd pocket-plate batteries have been cobalt-doped (0.8–5.0 wt.%) either by coprecipitation during Ni(OH)2 fabrication or by addition of cobalt oxide. It was observed that both methods of doping significantly improved the initial performance and performance after accelerated testing. In general, the higher the cobalt content, the higher the degree of material utilisation.
Ionic conductive materials are of much interest as an electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries. Poly(alkylene oxide) and lithium salt complex exhibits high ionic conductivity in terms of its high solubility for lithium salts. However, the temperature dependency of its ionic conductivity is quite large and non-linear, the ionic conductivity drops down at low temperature, especially below glass transition temperature of the polymer. Because its ionic conductive mechanism is derived from its segmental motion of polymer main chain. A novel ionic conductive material, poly[2,6-dimethoxy-N-(4-vinylphenyl)benzamide] is synthesized and confirm ionic conductivity even below glass transition temperature. Ionic conductivity of the polymer with lithium ditrifluoromethylsulfonate imide complex shows 10−5 Scm−1 from 0 to 60°C. Its temperature dependency is linear, namely Arrehnius type dependency. Evaluating from these data, activation energy of ionic conductivity for temperature region from 20 to 60°C is calculated as 31kJmol−1 and that for temperature region from −20 to 20°C is 11kJmol−1. Judging from these results, we conclude that the ionic conductivity of the polymer salt complex derived from 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl group rotation, instead of segmental motion of the polymer.
Using a 2D Co-based MOF as precursor, a core-shell nanostructure consisting of Co3O4 nanoparticles and N-doped carbon matrix (Co3O4@N/C) was prepared by hydrothermal reaction between the carbonized MOF product and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheet. The Co3O4@N/C nanocomposite combines the advantages of N-doped carbon nanomaterials (high nitrogen content, good conductivity and high stability) and Co3O4 nanoparticles (high electrocatalytic activity), thus showing excellent catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Co3O4@N/C presents an almost same onset potential and half wave potential with Pt/C, but more positive than those for the N-undoped counterpart. The electron transfer number of 3.73 for Co3O4@N/C is closer to 4, but bigger than that for the N-undoped product (3.53), indicating that the Co3O4@N/C catalyst gives rise to a nearly 4e mechanism. The Co3O4@N/C shows better methanol tolerance and long-term durability than the N-undoped product and Pt/C catalyst. The excellent ORR performance originates from the synergistic interaction between Co3O4 and N-doped carbon in core-shell structure. This study might give a good method for the synthesis of MOF-derived carbon nanocomposite for ORR electrocatalyst.
Cells in battery packs are easily overcharged when battery management system (BMS) is out of order, causing thermal runaway. However, the traditional calorimetry could not estimate dynamic overcharging heat release. In this study, commercial LiCoO2 +Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2/C+SiO x cells are employed to investigate the dynamic thermal behaviors during overcharge under adiabatic condition by combining a multi-channel battery cycler with an accelerating rate calorimeter. The results indicate that overcharging with galvanostatic - potentiostatic - galvanostatic regime is more dangerous than that with galvanostatic way. Side reactions contribute 80% heat to thermal runaway in cases below 1.0C charging rate. To prevent the thermal runaway, the effective methods should be taken within 2min to cool down the batteries as soon as the cells pass inflection point voltage. Hereinto, the inflection and maximum voltages increase linearly with the increasing current rates. By scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, the decomposed products of cathode materials are suspected to be soluble with SiOx. The overcharge induced decomposition reaction of Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 is also proposed. These results can provide support for the safety designs of lithium ion batteries and BMS.
Transgenic plant varieties, which are tolerant to glufosinate-ammonium, were developed. The herbicide tolerance is based upon the presence of either the bar or the pat gene, which encode for two homologous phosphinothricin acetyltransferases (PAT), in the plant genome. Based on both a review of published literature and experimental studies, the safety assessment reviews the first step of a two-step-approach for the evaluation of the safety of the proteins expressed in plants. It can be used to support the safety of food or feed products derived from any crop that contains and expresses these PAT proteins. The safety evaluation supports the conclusion that the genes and the donor microorganisms (Streptomyces) are innocuous. The PAT enzymes are highly specific and do not possess the characteristics associated with food toxins or allergens, i.e., they have no sequence homology with any known allergens or toxins, they have no N-glycosylation sites, they are rapidly degraded in gastric and intestinal fluids, and they are devoid of adverse effects in mice after intravenous administration at a high dose level. In conclusion, there is a reasonable certainty of no harm resulting from the inclusion of the PAT proteins in human food or in animal feed.
The risk of spreading diseases within (ad-hoc)crowds and the need to pervasively screen asymptomatic individuals to protect the population against emerging infectious diseases, request permanentcrowd surveillance., particularly in high-risk regions. Thecase of Ebola epidemic in West Africa in recent years has shown the need for pervasive screening. The trend today in diseases surveillance is consisting of epidemiological data collection about emerging infectious diseases using social media, wearable sensors systems, or mobile applications and data analysis. This approach presents various limitations. This paper proposes a novel approach for diseases monitoring and risk prevention of spreading infectious diseases. The proposed approach, aiming at overcoming the limitation of existing disease surveillance approaches, combines the hybrid crowdsensing paradigm with sensing individuals’ bio-signals using optical sensors for monitoring any risks of spreading emerging infectious diseases in any (ad-hoc) crowds. A proof-of-concept has been performed using a drone armed with a cat s60 smartphone featuring a Forward Looking Infra-Red (FLIR) camera. According to the results of the conducted experiment, the concept has the potential to improve the conventional epidemiological data collection. The measurement is reliable, and the recorded data are valid. The measurement error rates are about 8%.
Ionically conductive polymer electrolytes represent a class of safe and environment-friendly electrolytes for next-generation alkali metal batteries. Understanding the interplay between composition-driven interfacial processes and battery performance can fundamentally inform the design of polymer electrolytes for practical applications. In this study, we fabricate lithium metal batteries based on transparent free-standing ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (ILGPEs) and LiFePO4 cathodes. We develop the ILGPEs using a composite of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13TFSI), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). A thorough compositional optimization shows that the lithium ion conductivity of the ILGPE increases with the increase of PP13TFSI and LiTFSI, reaching maxima of 1.3 mS cm−1 at 23 °C and 5.82 mS cm−1 at 80 °C when the ILGPE contains 60 wt% PP13TFSI and 20 wt% LiTFSI. The optimized ILGPE exhibits excellent interfacial stability against the lithium metal, as signified by the stable interfacial resistance upon long-term storage. The LiFePO4|ILGPE|Li cells can deliver superior battery performance with a practical capacity approaching 89.5% of the theoretical capacity and capacity retention of 95.0% after 200 cycles. The formation of the electrode–electrolyte interphases takes place primarily during the initial cycles, which likely accounts for the activation period observed in LiFePO4|ILGPE|Li cells.
Bioenergy sorghum accumulates 75% of shoot biomass in stem internodes. Grass stem internodes are formed during vegetative growth and elongate in response to developmental and environmental signals. To identify genes and molecular mechanisms that modulate the extent of internode growth, we conducted microscopic and transcriptomic analyses of four successive sub-apical vegetative internodes representing different stages of internode development of the bioenergy sorghum genotype R.07020.
Polypyrrole/vanadium oxide nanotubes (PPy/VOx-NTs) as a new high-performance cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal treatment and cationic exchange technique. The morphologies and structures of the as-prepared samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimeter (TG–DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the organic templates are mainly substituted by the conducting polymer polypyrrole without destroying the previous nanotube structure. Their electrochemical properties are evaluated via galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that PPy/VOx-NTs exhibit high discharge capacity and excellent cycling performance at different current densities compared to vanadium oxide nanotubes (VOx-NTs). After 20 cycles, the reversible capacity of PPy/VOx-NTs (159.5mAhg−1) at the current density of 80mAg−1 is about four times of magnitude higher than that of VOx-NTs (37.5mAhg−1). The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity and the improved structural flexibility resulted from the incorporation of the conducting polymer polypyrrole.