batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
We examined the pharmacological profile of (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3]b quinolin-7-yl) (cis-4-methoxycyclohexyl) methanone (JNJ16259685). At recombinant rat and human metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 1a receptors, JNJ16259685 non-competitively inhibited glutamate-induced Ca2+ mobilization with IC50 values of 3.24±1.00 and 1.21±0.53 nM, respectively, while showing a much lower potency at the rat and human mGlu5a receptor. JNJ16259685 inhibited [3H]1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-7-yl)-2-phenyl-1-ethanone ([3H]R214127) binding to membranes prepared from cells expressing rat mGlu1a receptors with a K i of 0.34±0.20 nM. JNJ16259685 showed no agonist, antagonist or positive allosteric activity toward rat mGlu2, -3, -4 or -6 receptors at concentrations up to 10 μM and did not bind to AMPA or NMDA receptors, or to a battery of other neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels and transporters. In primary cerebellar cultures, JNJ16259685 inhibited glutamate-mediated inositol phosphate production with an IC50 of 1.73±0.40 nM. Subcutaneously administered JNJ16259685 exhibited high potencies in occupying central mGlu1 receptors in the rat cerebellum and thalamus (ED50=0.040 and 0.014 mg/kg, respectively). These data show that JNJ16259685 is a selective mGlu1 receptor antagonist with excellent potencies in inhibiting mGlu1 receptor function and binding and in occupying the mGlu1 receptor after systemic administration.
The State-of-Charge (SOC) is an important performance parameter and evaluation index in rechargeable battery energy storage systems. Here, a novel smart estimation method based on coulomb counting is proposed in order to enhance estimation accuracy. Firstly, an enhanced model for the initial SOC (SOC0) estimation based on dynamic multi-parameter method is investigated, because SOC0 plays a key role in calculating real SOC in-time. All the design limits, such as voltage, temperature, are used as its constraints. And more importantly, the relaxation effect also is considered. The SOC0 with the main parameters satisfies Gauss function. Secondly, the quantitative relations of the energy efficiencies are measured and analyzed under the moderate discharging situation. The results show a negative quadratic correlation between energy efficiency and rate, and exhibit a reduction in energy efficiency as rate increases. Lastly, a test with several consecutive hybrid pulse power characteristic test profiles is carried. The experimental results indicate that the correction of SOC0 can efficiently limit the error below 4%, and also exhibit that considering on the effect of energy efficiency can further reduce its estimation error.
LiV3O8/polythiophene (LiV3O8/PTh) composite has been chemically synthesized via an in-situ oxidative polymerization method. The structure and morphology of the samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). LiV3O8/PTh composite shows a single phase in the XRD pattern, but the existence of PTh has been confirmed by FTIR spectra. HRTEM images show that an uniform PTh layer with a thickness of 3–5 nm covered on the surface of LiV3O8. Electrochemical performance of samples has been characterized by the charge/discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The LiV3O8/PTh composite exhibits much better electrochemical performance than bare LiV3O8. The initial discharge capacities of 15 wt.% LiV3O8/PTh composite are 213.3 and 200.3 mAh g−1 with almost no capacity retention after 50 cycles at current densities of 300 and 900 mA g−1, respectively. PTh could enhance electronic conductivity, decrease the charge transfer resistance, increase the lithium diffusion coefficient, and thus improve cycling performance of LiV3O8. All these results demonstrate that the LiV3O8/PTh composite has a promising application as cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
In the education systems of human beings, the elementary education is the crucial stage for forming knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Thus, the elementary stages of carbon reduction education will have considerable success to reduction of carbon emissions for saving the planet. In this research, the elementary school students will be taught by the teaching of energy literacy, guiding of replaced energy, developing concepts of the energy from livings, and presenting ideas. By doing so, both teacher and students will propose teaching aids modules of carbon reduction at end. This study will propose the concepts of energy-saving reduction in the innovative course through interaction between teachers and students. These concepts will be derived from existing teaching aids and energy saving productions in daily life. This research, therefore, will propose the structure of save energy and reduce carbon program, and also demonstrate some innovative concepts of students’ works from this program.
This paper reports new geochemical data on dissolved major and minor constituents in surface waters and ground waters collected in the Managua region (Nicaragua), and provides a preliminary characterization of the hydrogeochemical processes governing the natural water evolution in this area. The peculiar geological features of the study site, an active tectonic region (Nicaragua Depression) characterized by active volcanism and thermalism, combined with significant anthropogenic pressure, contribute to a complex evolution of water chemistry, which results from the simultaneous action of several geochemical processes such as evaporation, rock leaching, mixing with saline brines of natural or anthropogenic origin. The effect of active thermalism on both surface waters (e.g., saline volcanic lakes) and groundwaters, as a result of mixing with variable proportions of hyper-saline geothermal Na–Cl brines (e.g., Momotombo geothermal plant), accounts for the high salinities and high concentrations of many environmentally-relevant trace elements (As, B, Fe and Mn) in the waters. At the same time the active extensional tectonics of the Managua area favour the interaction with acidic, reduced thermal fluids, followed by extensive leaching of the host rock and the groundwater release of toxic metals (e.g., Ni, Cu). The significant pollution in the area, deriving principally from urban and industrial waste-water, probably also contributes to the aquatic cycling of many trace elements, which attain concentrations above the WHO recommended limits for the elements Ni (∼40μg/l) and Cu (∼10μg/l) limiting the potential utilisation of Lake Xolotlan for nearby Managua.
Highly lithium ion conducting glass–ceramics in the system Li2SP2S5 were successfully prepared by a heat treatment of the mechanochmically prepared sulfide glasses. The 80Li2S·20P2S5 (mol.%) glass–ceramic mainly composed of the crystal analogous to the highly conductive thio-LISICON II phase in the system Li4−x Ge1−x P x S4 showed conductivity as high as 10−3 Scm−1 at room temperature. The 70Li2S·30P2S5 glass–ceramic, in which the highly ion conductive new metastable phase was formed on heating, showed the highest conductivity of 3.2×10−3 Scm−1 and the lowest activation energy of 12kJmol−1 for conduction. The all-solid-state battery In/80Li2S·20P2S5 glass–ceramic/LiCoO2 exhibited excellent cycling performance of over 500 times with no decrease in the charge–discharge capacity (100mAhg−1). The SnSP2S5 glasses as active materials were mechanochemically prepared from SnS and P2S5. High performance of these glassy electrode materials was observed in the rechargeable cell of 80SnS·20P2S5/80Li2S·20P2S5 glass–ceramic/LiCoO2, in which a continuous sulfide network between electrode and electrolyte was successfully formed. The effects of conductive additives in composite electrodes on charge–discharge behavior of all-solid-state cells with Li2SP2S5 glass–ceramics as a solid electrolyte were investigated. Under a current density over 1mAcm−2, the cell with vapor grown carbon fiber kept larger discharge capacities during 50 cycles than the cell with acetylene black. The design of continuous electron conducting path from a point of view of morphology for conductive additives is important to improve cell performances of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries.
Background. – Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS-I) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is caused by mutations in the IDUA gene. It induces the deficiency of glycosidase α-L-duronidase. The enzyme that is required for the degradation of heparan and dermatan sulfate. This disorder expresses a wide range of clinical symptoms (severe mental retardation, skeletal deformations, hepatosplenomegaly, corneal clouding and mild visceral organ involvement). In the present paper, we report the frequencies of haplotypes of the Eco47III–NspI sites, in the IDUA gene, in Mexican healthy and in MPS-I individuals. Methods. – Eco47III and NspI intragenic polymorphisms in IDUA gene were studied in 262 (524 chromosomes) Mexican healthy subjects and in 53 (106 chromosomes) MPS-I patients. Results. – The genotypes for IDUA Eco47III and NspI sites in Mexicans were in agreement with Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Allele frequency distributions for individual sites differed (P < 0.05) in both groups. Haplotype Eco47III–NspI frequencies of Mexican MPS-I patients also differed from those of the normal Mexican population. The data provide evidence of linkage disequilibrium, since the MPS-I group constitutes a subset of the Mexican control population. The disequilibrium in Mexican MPS-I patients was defined by an increase in the haplotype A1B2, and deficiency in A2B1, with respect to normal population (P < 0.05). Conclusions. – Our results support that these polymorphisms can be associated to mutations in IDUA gene, which leads to MPS-I in Mexican patients. On the other hand, these polymorphisms can be used to identify heterozygosity when they are informative.
Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) films are formed on the electrode surfaces due to aggregation of products of reduction or oxidation of the electrolyte. These films may grow to thicknesses in the order of 50-100nm and contain a variety of organic and inorganic products but their structure is not well defined. Although in some cases the films exert a passivating role, this is not always the case, and these phenomena are particularly more complex on Silicon anodes due to swelling and cracking of the electrode during lithiation and delithiation. Since the driving force for SEI growth is electron transfer, it is important to understand how electron transfer may keep occurring through the heterogeneous film once the bare electron surface is covered. Here we introduce a novel approach for studying electron transfer through model films and show preliminary results for the analysis of electron transfer through model composite interfacial systems integrated by electrode/SEI layer/electrolyte. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to identify deposition of SEI components, and a density functional theory/Green's function approach is utilized for characterizing electron transfer. Three degrees of lithiation are modeled for the electrodes, the SEI film is composed by LiF or Li2O, and the ethylene carbonate reduction is studied. An applied potential is used as driving force for the leakage current, which is evaluated as a function of the applied potential. Comparative analyses are done for LiF and Li2O model SEI layers.
ABSTRACT Background Terrorist activities now can be added to the list of possible man-made and nature-induced health and safety disasters that can affect a community. There are two basic responses that people can choose to protect themselves during these events. One is to evacuate the area, the other is to shelter in place. Conclusions The authors provide an overview of the issues, present basic principles and increase the awareness of the dental profession to the various responses available in an emergency. The key issue is that families, dental offices and communities should plan ahead. Dentists should be cognizant of their professional role and help educate the public in regard to emergency issues. Practice Implications The uncertainties and stress of a potential terrorist attack can be mitigated somewhat by planning. These plans can be fairly basic, involving minimum equipment and supplies; however, they may go a long way to protect dental staff members, patients and families.
The charge storage mechanism of manganese oxide and activated carbon has been studied in aqueous medium in order to optimise an asymmetric (or hybrid) supercapacitor based on these two materials as positive and negative electrode, respectively. Amorphous manganese oxide can be polarised up to potentials of 1.2V in neutral medium. Under negative polarisation, a pseudocapacitive behaviour of activated carbon has been demonstrated, that is related with reversible hydrogen adsorption in the pores. It allows carbon to be polarised at potential values far from the thermodynamic decomposition of the electrolyte. Balancing the mass of these two materials with pseudocapacitive properties results in a practical cell voltage of 2V in aqueous medium, with energy densities close to the values obtained with electric double layer capacitors working in organic electrolytes, while avoiding their disadvantages.
A series of SrLi2-xNaxTi6O14 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) are synthesized and fabricated as lithium storage anodes for rechargeable batteries. Evaluations of the structure and electrochemical performance suggest that proper Li-site substitution by sodium could effectively improve the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient and reduce the particle size of SrLi2Ti6O14. Among them, it is known that the ideal number of sodium doping content is 0.1 per formula. SrLi1.9Na0.1Ti6O14 reveals better electrochemical performance than bare SrLi2Ti6O14 and other doped samples. It shows an initial charge capacity of 168 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1. After 100 cycles, its reversible capacity is remained at 158 mAh g−1 with excellent capacity retention of 94%. In addition, it also has a good rate performance with the reversible charge capacity of 145 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1, reflecting its excellence as lithium host.
The complex permittivity and return loss (RL) for the composites of silicone rubber filled with holey graphene nanosheets (HGNS, prepared by ultra-rapid heating during the step of thermal reduction/exfoliation of graphite oxide) were measured in the 3–18 GHz range. HGNS-based composites were found to have significantly higher microwave absorption than composites incorporating other types of graphene reduced at lower heating rates. Even with only 1 wt.% loading, its experimentally measured RL reached −32.1 dB at 13.2 GHz with a thickness of 2 mm, and simulation suggested that at a thickness of 3 mm its RL can be as low as −45.3 dB at 7.8 GHz. Material characterization indicated that the density of the holes increased with the temperature ramp rate, and the hole sizes ranged from 5 to 300 nm. Compared to other graphene samples, HGNS possessed significantly larger specific surface area and higher density of defects, suggesting that defect-induced losses, interfacial polarization, and multiple reflection/scattering at the interfaces are the major loss mechanisms. Our simple and low-cost process as well as the very low loading ratio of HGNS are advantageous for cost reduction in future applications.
In recent years, graphene quantum dots with unique physiochemical properties have received considerable research attention in many fields. In this report, as a novel approach toward improving the capacitance value of MoS2 electrode, GQDs-MoS2 nanocomposite thin film was synthesized through one-step hydrothermal process. The microstructure and surface morphology of both MoS2 and GQDs-MoS2 nanocomposite thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of MoS2 and GQDs-MoS2 nanocomposite thin films was thoroughly compared via Autolab potentiostat–galvanostat with the three-electrode system. The results indicated that GQDs-MoS2 nanocomposite thin film demonstrates enhanced specific capacitance of 380 F g−1 under the current density of 0.6 A g−1. Moreover, the MoS2-GQDs thin film exhibited the highest energy density of 38.47 Wh kg−1 at the Current density of 0.6 A g−1.
We can control asthma through proper clinical and environmental management and education. The U.S. population is growing, urbanizing and aging; seniors of low-to-middle income families are working and living longer. We conducted community-based participatory research in Visalia, Tulare County, California with a prospective, cross-sectional repeated measures design and quantitative and qualitative process; home environment and health-related outcomes data were collected. In this paper, we presented results of the air quality sampling—pollen, carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM) outdoors away from most major sources (agricultural fields, large pollinating trees, etc)—at a community central site close to a mobile line source and participant homes in the cooling season, July, 2009. Weather was hot and dry with light winds; diurnal variation ranged between 65–107°F (18–42°C) and 12–76% relative humidity at the study’s central site. Co-located active (reference) and passive (PAAS) samplers were used for pollen; passive monitoring for CO2 (Telaire 7001) and active sampling for PM were conducted. Overall, we observed spatial variability in CO2, fine PM (PM2.5), and pollen counts. Weekday and study week average CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations were higher near study homes compared to central site sampling points, but peak measures and overnight/pre-dawn time period averages were elevated at the central site. Pollen counts were typically lower at homes—even if grass, trees, flowers or potted plants were present—compared to the central site closer to and generally downwind from commercial agricultural tree production. Data are new; the nine-county San Joaquin Valley has one pollen count station in the national network, and two of four government outdoor air monitoring stations in the county are in national parks. We suggest—given poor air quality in large part due to PM—adding routine pollen counts to regional/state agency air monitoring sites and more CO2 and PM monitoring.
The current study examined whether the effect of spatial training transfers to the math domain. Sixty-two 6- and 7-year-olds completed an at-home 1-week online training intervention. The spatial-training group received mental rotation training, whereas the active control group received literacy training in a format that matched the spatial training. Results revealed near transfer of mental rotation ability in the spatial-training group. More importantly, there was also far transfer to canonical arithmetic problems, such that children in the spatial-training group performed better on these math problems than children in the control group. Such far transfer could not be attributed to general cognitive improvement, since no improvement was observed for non-symbolic quantity processing, verbal working memory (WM), or language ability following spatial training. Spatial training may have benefitted symbolic arithmetic performance by improving visualization ability, access to the mental number line, and/or increasing the capacity of visuospatial WM.
Overcharge is an aggressive abuse condition that can lead to thermal runaway of a lithium-ion cell. Understanding the failure mechanism due to overcharge is critical for designing safer lithium-ion chemistries. With the help of in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD), we are able to detect the temperature difference between the cathode and the anode during the overcharge abuse of 18650 cells. In this paper, the lattice constants of electrode current collectors (Al for the cathode and Cu for the anode) are calculated by fitting the XRD patterns, and the temperature variations of the cathode and anode are quantified by the thermal expansion of the Al and Cu foils. Based on these results, we report that during the overcharge abuse of an 18650-size cell, using graphite as the anode and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 as the cathode, the temperature of cathode increases as the voltage reaches 4.16 V, corresponding to the occurrence of the H2-to-H3 phase transition in the cathode material.
This paper documents Sesame Workshop India Trust’s work in impoverished communities in Mumbai with regard to the provision of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) services. The model works with children aged birth to six who are served by the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS), sponsored by the ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD), India. The model focuses on augmenting the capacities of the anganwadi (child care center) worker vis-à-vis pedagogy and access to material, and also works with caregivers advocating for a better ECCE environment. Integrating innovative technology as well as traditional Teaching Learning Materials (TLM) and operating at a scale of five thousand plus centers, the model demonstrates how programmes can be designed from ground-up, to be inclusive, scalable and successful in improving children’s learning outcomes.
Post-production fractionation of wheat distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) increases their crude protein content and reduces their fiber content. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fractionation of wheat DDGS on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and performance when fed to broiler chicks (0–21 d).
A new sol–gel process is developed to modify the Li4Ti5O12 anode material for improved rate capability. The new process brings about the following effects, namely (i) doping of Sn2+ to form Li3.9Sn0.1Ti5O12, (ii) carbon coating and (iii) creation of a porous structure. The doping of Sn2+ results in the lattice distortion without changing the phase composition. A thin layer of amorphous carbon is coated on the doped particles that contain numerous nanopores. The rate capability of the anode material made from the modified powder is significantly improved when discharged at high current rates due to the reduced charge transfer resistance.
A macro-homogeneous model has been developed to evaluate the impact of replacing pure oxygen with ambient air on the performance of a rechargeable non-aqueous Li-air battery. The model exhibits a significant reduction in discharge capacity, e.g. from 1240 to 226 mAh gcarbon −1 at 0.05 mA cm−2 when using ambient air rather than pure oxygen. The model correlates the relationship between the performance and electrolyte decomposition and formation of discharge products (such as Li2O2 and Li2CO3) under ambient air conditions. The model predicts a great benefit of using an oxygen-selective membrane on increasing capacity. The results indicate a good agreement between the experimental data and the model.
Converting CO2 to a valuable material is an attractive idea. Using simple metallothermic reactions, scientists in the USA say they have managed to reduce atmospheric CO2 to dense nanoporous graphene. They discovered that a hot molten Zn/Mg mixture reduces the atmospheric gas to dense nanoporous graphene that exhibits high surface area, great conductivity and a high tap density. The property ensemble enables the material to be used in electrochemical capacitors, offering one of the best rate performances.