batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Perinatal brain injuries often result in irreversible learning disabilities, which manifest in early childhood. These injuries are chiefly ascribable to marked susceptibility of the immature brain to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. No treatments are available. One well-characterized model of perinatal brain injuries consists in injecting the glutamate analog ibotenate into the brain of 5-day-old mice. The resulting excitotoxic lesions resemble the hypoxic–ischemic gray-matter lesions seen in full-term and near-term newborns, as well as the white-matter lesions of preterm newborns. We previously reported that these lesions disrupted odor preference conditioning in newborn mice. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the neuroprotector melatonin in preventing learning disabilities in newborn mice with ibotenate-induced brain injury. In postnatal day (P) 6–P7 pups, we tested psychomotor reflexes, spontaneous preference for maternal odors as an index of memory, ultrasonic vocalization responses to stroking as an index of sensitivity to tactile stimuli, and conditioned preference for an odor previously paired with stroking as an index of learning abilities. Without melatonin, conditioning was abolished, whereas spontaneous odor preference, psychomotor reflexes, and sensitivity to tactile stimuli were normal. Thus, abolition of conditioning was not associated with sensorimotor impairments. Histological analysis confirmed the efficacy of melatonin in reducing white-matter lesions induced by ibotenate. Furthermore, treatment with melatonin protected the ability to develop conditioning. Thus, melatonin, which easily crosses the blood–brain barrier and has been proven safe in children, may be effective in preventing learning disabilities caused by perinatal brain injuries in human preterm infants.
In this paper, we develop a novel framework, called Monitoring Vehicle Outliers based on a Clustering technique (MVOC), for monitoring vehicle outliers caused by complex vehicle states. The vehicle outlier monitoring is a method to continuously check the current vehicle conditions. Most of previous monitoring methods have conducted simple operations depending on uncomplicated analyses or expected lifetimes in regard to vehicle components. However, many serious vehicle outliers such as turning off during a drive result from the complex vehicle states influenced by correlated components. The proposed method monitors the current vehicle conditions based on not simple components like the previous methods but more complex and various vehicle states using a clustering technique. We perform vehicle data clustering and then analyze the generated clusters with information of vehicle outliers caused by complex correlations of vehicle components. Thus, we can learn vehicle information in more detail. To facilitate MVOC, we also propose related techniques such as sampling cluster data with representative attributes and deciding cluster characteristics on the basis of relations between vehicle data and states. Then, we demonstrate the performance of our approach in terms of monitoring vehicle outliers on the basis of real complex correlations between outliers and vehicle data through various experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed method can not only monitor the complex outliers by predicting their occurrence possibilities in advance but also outperform a standard technique. Moreover, we present statistical significance of the results through significance tests.
Chemical and electrochemical recycling methods for the Ni, Co, Zn and Mn from the positives electrodes of spent Ni–MH batteries were developed. The materials recycled by chemical precipitation have the composition β-Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2 and Mn3O4. The powder retains sulphate, nitrate and carbonate anions from the mother solution as well as adsorbed water. Studies using cyclic voltammetry show that the current density decreases for scan rates greater than 10 mV s−1 because of the formation of hydroxide films. The amounts of Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ were obtained by analysis of the solution using the inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy technique, which demonstrated that the electrodeposition method exhibits anomalous behaviour. The amount of deposited nickel ions is related to the composition of the sulfamate bath. The presence of manganese in the electrodeposits is due to the precipitation of Mn(OH)2, and Zn(OH)4 2− does not undergo reduction in the investigated potential range. The electrodeposited material contains Ni, Co, CoO, Co(OH)2, and Mn3O4. A charge efficiency of 83.7% was attained for the electrodeposits formed by the application of −1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl at a charge density of −90 C cm−2. The dissolution of the electrodeposits depends on the applied potential.
Ionic conductivities of Ni/Al layered double hydroxides (Ni–Al LDHs) intercalated with CO 3 2 - , Cl− and OH− were evaluated in the temperature range of 25–80°C under 65–95% relative humidity. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared measurements confirmed the formation of Ni–Al LDHs intercalated with CO 3 2 - , Cl− and OH−. In the AC conductivity measurements, Ni–Al LDH intercalated with CO 3 2 - (Ni–Al CO 3 2 - LDH) showed the highest ionic conductivity among them. The ionic conductivity of Ni–Al CO 3 2 - LDH was 1.3×10−2 Scm−1 at 80°C under 80% relative humidity. The electromotive force for the water vapor concentration cell using Ni–Al CO 3 2 - LDH showed similar behavior with that using anion exchange membrane, indicating that Ni–Al CO 3 2 - LDH is a hydroxide ion conductor. Pelletized Ni–Al CO 3 2 - LDH was confirmed to work as the electrolyte of alkaline-type direct ethanol fuel cell.
Some features of eating disorders (EDs) are often present in childhood before the onset of the ED. We developed a novel questionnaire to retrospectively capture such childhood traits.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder associated with increased daytime sleepiness and cardiovascular risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), requiring a pressure-generating device connected via tubing to a mask during sleep, is an effective treatment. However, patients’ adherence to CPAP is often suboptimal. Behavioral interventions are effective in improving adherence to CPAP. We aimed to provide proof of principle for the operation of a low-cost, self-standing, internet-based system to measure and promote adherence to CPAP. The system is composed of triaxial acceleration sensors attached to the CPAP mask and to the wrist, able to record CPAP usage information, and a mobile app that collects such information and, thorough a chatbot, feeds back to the patient to improve adherence to treatment. The mask subsystem identifies time periods when the mask is put on based on relatively high values of the ratio between acceleration spectral power at frequencies <0.35
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing and its prevalence in the general population ranges from 6–17% up to 49% in aged subjects [3, 11]. OSA is characterized by repetitive collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep [17]. The cause of OSA is thought to be multiple morphological and functional alterations, whose relative contributions may vary between patients. These alterations may include anatomical factors decreasing the upper airway caliber, reduced activation of upper airway dilator muscles, increased chemoreceptor drive required to recruit the pharyngeal muscles, increased loop gain of the chemoreflex control of breathing, and increased respiratory arousal threshold [17]. Furthermore, OSA increases nocturnal blood pressure due to repetitive cycles of airway obstruction and has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke, unstable angina, heart failure, and myocardial infarction [5, 12].
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are new tech devices that release nicotine and other volatile compounds into an inhalable aerosol by heating the tobacco. At their operating temperatures, tobacco combustion is unlikely.
Floodplain ecosystems that are characterized by high habitat heterogeneity and hydrological connectivity are considered hotspots for freshwater biodiversity. However, these biodiversity-rich areas have been seriously threatened by biological invasions. The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is listed as 100 of the world’s worst invasive species, and is a major threat to freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, we examined environmental factors relating to the invasion success of signal crayfish and their morphological responses in floodplain waterbodies. Classification and regression tree analyses showed that most of the influential factors differed between tributary and lake populations. In floodplain tributaries, the occurrence of crayfish was positively related with water temperature and abundance of leaf cover, while crayfish abundance was highest where large-wood was abundant. In floodplain lakes, crayfish were absent at oxygen-poor sites, and abundant at sites with high connectivity to a main channel. These results indicate that conservation practitioners should consider different environmental factors in accordance with strategies for invasive species management (i.e., offensive or defensive management). Furthermore, we demonstrated morphological differences between tributary and lake populations, with tributary crayfish having wider chelae. These morphological differences might have resulted from the physical differences between the two types of waterbodies, facilitating the rapid invasion of signal crayfish to floodplain waterbodies. Our study showed that invasion-risk assessments should consider both environmental factors and morphological responses to new environments to understand invasion ecology and to form effective conservation plans and to prioritize management actions.
In order to improve the electrochemical performances of the zinc-air cells, the material Nd1.98Sr0.02Ni0.99Co0.01O4±δ was prepared following the citrate method and used as cathode materials for alkaline room temperature fuel cells towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The microstructure and morphology before and after the ORR process were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performances were followed by linear voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The results obtained are promising, the optical band gap is 1.36eV showing that it is semiconductor and the voltammograms display two steps involving two electrons each. Moreover, the Nd1.98Sr0.02Ni0.99Co0.01O4±δ material allows obtaining higher current densities compared to black carbon and glassy carbon at different rotational speed. Impedance spectroscopy results confirm the good electrochemical performances of the analyzed material.
This study was a prospective, randomized, open-label investigation of the long-term effects of zonisamide (ZNS) monotherapy on cognition and mood of patients with epilepsy. Forty-three patients with epilepsy received ZNS, with final dose groups of 100, 200, 300, and 400mg/day. Cognitive and mood tests were done twice, at baseline and 1 year after starting medication. Nine patients were withdrawn prior to their follow-up tests. Three patients (33%) dropped out during the titration period because of cognitive and mood problems. Thirty-four patients completed follow-up neuropsychological tests. After 1 year of treatment, 16 patients (47%) complained of cognitive deficits. Only 5 patients (15%) experienced mood changes. Although ZNS decreased seizure frequency and EEG abnormalities and did not elicit significant mood changes, it had negative effects on several cognitive tests. Worse performance on delayed word recall, Trail Making Test Part B, and verbal fluency was related to dose. In conclusion, ZNS has adverse effects on cognition even after 1 year of treatment.
The thermal stability of mixed-solvent electrolytes used in lithium cells was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) through the use of airtight containers. The electrolytes used were propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC)+PC, in which was dissolved 1M LiPF6, 1M LiBF4, 1M LiClO4, 1M LiSO3CF3, 1M LiN(SO2CF3)2, or 1.23M LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9). The influence of lithium metal or the Li0.5CoO2 addition on the thermal behavior of these electrolytes was also investigated. The peak temperature of PC-based electrolytes increased following the order of LiPF6<LiClO4<LiBF4<LiN(SO2CF3)2<LiSO3CF3<LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9). The order of peak temperature of EC–PC-based electrolytes shows a similar tendency to that of EC–PC-based electrolytes, with the exception of the LiN(SO2CF3)2 electrolyte. The EC–PC-based electrolytes with Li metal show a more stable profile compared with the DSC curves of the PC-based electrolytes with the Li metal. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) covers the surface of the Li metal and prevents further reduction of the electrolytes. EC may form a better SEI compared with PC. The PC-based electrolytes of LiSO3CF3, LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2C4F9) with the coexistence of Li0.49CoO2 show a broad peak at around 200°C, which may be caused by the reaction of the Li0.49CoO2 surface and electrolytes. The PC-based electrolytes of LiPF6, LiClO4 and LiBF4 with Li0.49CoO2 show exothermic peaks at higher temperatures than 230°C. The peak temperatures of the EC–PC-based electrolytes with the coexistence of Li0.49CoO2 are nearly the same temperature as the EC–PC-based electrolytes.
A high-performance nickel cathode material HPMo/Ni(OH)2 for the Ni–Zn cell is developed by using phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) as a structure-directing agent. Its three-dimensional porous flower-like structure makes the active material possess the advantages of high specific surface areas, rich active sites, easy electrolyte accesses, and fast electron transfer. Combined with these advantages, the Ni–Zn cell of HPMo/Ni(OH)2 as the cathode, ZnO as the anode, exhibits a high specific capacity of 277.5 mAh g− 1 (cut off 1.5 V), and even up to 346.9 mAh g− 1 during deep discharge (cut off 0.5 V) at 2.5 A g− 1. When the ZnO/graphene as the anode, the cycle life of HPMo/Ni(OH)2 can extend to 10,000 at 5 A g− 1. Besides, this is the first time that the three-dimensional nickel hydroxide is produced in large quantities with simple preparation process using phosphomolybdic acid as a structure directing agent. This also provides a new synthesis strategy for the self-assembly of 3D nanomaterials, and presents new prospects for the development of more advanced energy storage materials.
The effect of Mg(ClO4)2 and HF acid in 1M LiPF6/EC+DEC+DME electrolyte on the cycle behaviors and the surface characteristics of the lithium electrode were investigated. The morphology of the electrode is greatly improved using Li–Mg co-deposition and HF acid, and results in the enhancement of the cyclability observed by electrochemical measurement. The scanning electron microscopy images of the electrode surface show densely deposited lithium–magnesium alloy particles with a hemispherical shape on the entire surface of the electrode. The improved coulombic efficiency was attributed to the synergistic effect due to the formation of Li–Mg alloy and LiF caused by Li–Mg co-deposition and HF to the electrolyte, respectively.
We present possible steps for Germany's capital region for a pathway towards high-level renewable energy contributions. To this end, we give an overview of the current energy policy and status of electricity generation and demand of two federal states: the capital city Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg. In a second step we present alternative, feasible scenarios with focus on the years 2020 and 2030. All scenarios were numerically evaluated in hourly time steps using a cost optimisation approach. The required installed capacities in an 80% renewables scenario in the year 2020 consist of 8.8 GW wind energy, 4.8 GW photovoltaics, 0.4 GWel bioenergy, 0.6 GWel methanation and a gas storage capacity of 180 GWhth. In order to meet a renewable electricity share of 100% in 2030, approximately 9.5 GW wind energy, 10.2 GW photovoltaics and 0.4 GWel bioenergy will be needed, complemented by a methanation capacity of about 1.5 GWel and gas storage of about 530 GWhth. In 2030, an additional 11 GWhel of battery storage capacity will be required. Approximately 3 GW of thermal gas power plants will be necessary to cover the residual load in both scenarios. Furthermore, we studied the transmission capacities of extra-high voltage transmission lines in a second simulation and found them to be sufficient for the energy distribution within the investigated region.
Lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is a novel electrochemical energy storage device that bridges the performance gap between the electrical double-layer capacitor and lithium ion battery. In this work, we fabricated lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) with activated carbon (AC) positive electrode and pre-lithiated hard carbon (HC) negative electrode. The effect of low temperature on the electrochemical performance of LIC is investigated by the galvanostatic charging-discharging, electrochemical impedance tests, rate performance and cycle performance testing. The electrolyte viscosity increases, the ionic conductivity decreases and ionic migration becomes slow in the charge-discharge process with the decrease of temperature, causing the increase of resistance and the electrochemical polarization, which is responsible for the attenuation of LIC electrochemical performance. LIC at the temperature of −20 °C exhibits the optimal low temperature electrochemical performance, high energy density up to 76.6 Wh kg−1 and power density as high as 5.8 kW kg−1 (based on active material mass of two electrodes), excellent capacity retention of 80.1% after 5000 cycles.
Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate whether a battery of musculoskeletal tests could be used to prospectively identify injuries in Australian first class cricketers. Methodology: Musculoskeletal physiotherapy screening procedures consisting primarily of measures of joint range of motion were standardized across 6 states. These were then performed pre-season over 3 consecutive seasons from 2006–2008 giving 121,102 and 123 screens respectively. This information was then collated with injury surveillance data over the course of the three seasons and univariate (one way ANOVA) and multivariate (discriminant analysis) statistics were performed to determine whether it was possible to predict lower back/lower limb injury based on the screening results. Results/Conclusions: Players who suffered from lower back or lower limb injury were found to have significantly reduced left hip external rotation (p=0.002) and left ankle dorsiflexion (p=0.005) compared to the non injured group. They also exhibited significantly increased right 1st metatarsophalangeal extension (p=0.01) and shoulder/thoracic extension in prone (p=0.002). Using these variables it was possible to correctly classify 72% of the players into the injury and non injury groups. These results suggest that reduced range of hip and ankle motion may adversely affect the lower kinetic chain. In contrast, the excessive motion in the foot and through the thoracic region may represent an adaptation to reduced motion in other regions. These results also provide direction for rehabilitation programs designed to reduce injury and provide a means for monitoring the physical status of cricket athletes over the course of a season.
Here we report a new way to characterize the performance of antioxidant additives for dry charged negative plate of the lead acid battery by measuring the anodic excursion peaks (AEPs). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) combined with potential step method have been conducted to investigate the effects of polyhydric compounds (sorbitol) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on AEPs and corrosion resistance. The results show that sorbitol increases AEPs but prevents the formation of PbO2, and on the contrary CTAB promotes the formation of PbO2 but eliminates AEPs. These phenomena reveal that the increase of AEPs and the increase of corrosion resistance of lead electrode are synchronous, which indicate that the additives that can enhance AEPs could be used as antioxidant additives. The effectiveness of the new AEPs test on searching antioxidant additives for protection of lead electrode has been compared with the general potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) method, and the results of the two tests are consistent. Also, it has been obtained that characterizing the antioxidative effect of antioxidant additives on lead electrode via measuring AEPs in CV or LSV is reliable and more facile than Tafel.
Editors’ Strategic Implications:n Findings from this and other randomized clinical trials confirm that the Preschool PATHS program is clearly a promising practice for improving children’s social and emotional competence. Head Start and school programs will find these multi-informant data to be of interest as they consider a curriculum to help prepare children for school entry.
In an attempt to ameliorate the poor cyclability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at elevated temperature, quercetin is applied as an additive. The irreversible oxidative behavior of quercetin is thoroughly investigated by electrochemical method. The improved cyclability of the quercetin-containing cell at high temperature implies that by forming robust and less-resistive SEI, quercetin is preferentially oxidized and passivates the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode. EIS result coherently suggests that the quercetin-added electrolyte forms a more compact and Li-ion conducting interface. The surface sensitive XPS analysis confirms that the presence of quercetin restrains the formation of LiF, suppresses the reaction of PF5, and alleviates Mn dissolution. Meanwhile, ICP-MS analysis affirms the effectiveness of quercetin against Mn dissolution. The self-discharge experiment which exhibits the retained charged state of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at high temperature, gives convincing evidence of the effect of quercetin. Intensive analyses confirm that quercetin can effectively prolong the cycle-life of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 at elevated temperature. We envision its potential and practical usage as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage cathode.
This paper aims to address current limitations of 3D printed conductive materials through the development of a novel formulation of a thermoplastic composite. In particular, a conductive filament suitable for three-dimensional printing is obtained on the basis of Polylactic acid (PLA) filled with two types of highly conductive nano-carbon materials, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and a combination of both fillers (MWCNT/GNP). A systematic rheological and electrical characterization of the resulting nanocomposites is presented. Viscoelastic properties and rheological percolation threshold are determined for the binary and ternary composites and related to the size of nanoparticles. Comparable values for the percolation threshold are found by means of rheological and electrical studies. Low electrical percolation thresholds and high values of the electrical conductivity of the order of S/m are achieved for the investigated formulations. At the highest filler loading (i.e. 12 wt%) the electrical conductivity reaches the value of 4.54 S/m, 6.27 S/m and 0.95 S/m for the composites based on MWCNTs, GNPs and multiphase system, respectively. These results, together with the good stability shown by the nano-reinforced PLA in the frequency range [100 Hz-1MHz] make these composites promising candidates for 3D printed conductive devices for electromagnetic (EM) applications.