batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The aim of this paper is to optimize the number of collectors for PV/T hybrid active solar still. The number of PV/T collectors connected in series has been integrated with the basin of solar still. The optimization of number of collectors for different heat capacity of water has been carried out on the basis of energy and exergy. Expressions of inner glass, outer glass and water temperature have been derived for the hybrid active solar system. For the numerical computations data of a summer day (May 22, 2008) for Delhi climatic condition have been used. It has been observed that with increase of the mass of water in the basin increases the optimum number of collector. However the daily and exergy efficiency decreases linearly and nonlinearly with increase of water mass. It has been observed that the maximum yield occurs at N =4 for 50kg of water mass on the basis of exergy efficiency. The thermal model has also been experimentally validated.
This study proposes an identification model based on subject–action–object (SAO) structure semantic analysis for the potential hotspots of technology demand to address the shortcomings of technology demand mining on the basis of word frequency statistical analysis. The SAO structure is extracted using Python tools to identify the potential hotspots of technology demand, the domain dictionary and professional corpus are introduced, and the clustering of technology demand is realized by applying Word2Vec and HowNet to calculate the semantic similarity among the SAO structures. The layout of the technology demand in the different stages of the technical lifecycle is divided by constructing a technology map. The proposed model is validated as an example of the network technology demand text of the new energy and energy saving fields. Therefore, the hotspots of technology demand are the technology of new energy vehicle motor and its control system, technology of energy efficient and technology of wind power, and the new energy vehicle technology is still in the research and development (R&D) stage. Moreover, solar energy products and production equipment are still in the technical application stage. This study provides an effective method for identifying potential technology demand and based on technology lifecycle to implement the layout and visualization of demand, which will make the decision support for guiding the direction of technology R&D, optimizing the allocation of science and technology resources, and promoting the effective docking of technology supply and demand.
Mg-Al-Pb-Zn alloy is a typical anode material used for high-power seawater activated battery. The chemical composition of a series of Mg-Al-Pb-(Zn) alloys is optimized by a L9 orthogonal array test and the effects of alloying elements, such as aluminium, lead and zinc, on electrochemical properties are investigated through signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis. Microstructure characterization and half-cell test demonstrate that the selected optimal Mg-6%Al-7%Pb-0.5%Zn (wt%) alloy is a good candidate as an anode material for seawater activated battery application due to its high discharge activity, negative discharge potential in large current densities and comparatively higher anode utilization efficiency. The prototype battery assembled with Mg-6%Al-7%Pb-0.5%Zn alloy as anode and AgCl as cathode reveals excellent discharge performance, reaching a superior specific energy of 155 Wh·kg−1.
Copper nanowires enveloped in polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were obtained by ‘second order’ electrodeposition into the pores of anodic porous alumina. The templated synthesis of copper nanowires was performed by both potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods. The morphology of the polyaniline nanotubes, copper nanowires as well as the copper-filled polyaniline nanotubes was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. The copper nanowires were protected from corrosion and oxidation by the PANI nanotubes. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed for the microanalysis of the copper deposition into the polyaniline nanotubes. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to assess the electrochemical properties of the obtained nanostructures as well as the influence of the copper nanowires synthesis method on the properties of filled polyaniline nanotubes.
This work describes the study of the electrochemical properties of fullerene polymer composites, C60-Pd, and different carbon nanostructures, such as single walled carbon nanotubes, multi walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoonions, as potential electrode materials for supercapacitors. The carbon nanostructures were deposited onto a bare gold disc electrode by a vapor deposition process. In the next step, the fullerene was electrochemically polymerized under cyclic voltammetric conditions. The obtained composites are electrochemically active at negative potentials due to the reduction of the fullerene moieties. The voltammetric response corresponding to this electrochemical process depends on the type of nanostructure and the amount of material deposited at the electrode surface. Such systems exhibit promising electrochemical properties. The highest capacitance of about 1000Fg−1, with respect to mass of polymer, was obtained for the SWCNTs/C60-Pd composite. This value is about four times higher compared to the capacitance of the polymer deposited on a bare gold electrode surface. Lower values of the specific capacitance were obtained for composites containing other MWCNTs and ox-CNOs. For the C60-Pd/ox-CNOs composites the highest values of the specific capacitance were found to be about 280Fg−1.
Spinel lithium manganese oxides with a nominal composition of LiM0.05Mn1.95O4 (M=Mn, Li, Al, Co, Ni, or B) are prepared and their degradation mechanisms encountered in lithium secondary cells are investigated. Among the degradation mechanisms proposed in previous reports, those arising either from cation mixing or from the formation of oxygen-deficient spinels are negligible in these materials, but a certain amount of spinel dissolution is observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the spinel lattice experiences an appreciable change in volume during charge–discharge cycling. The extent of this change depends on the nature of dopant. Compared to the undoped spinel, the lattice expansion/contraction according to Li+ insertion/removal is more significant in the B-doped spinel, but it is smaller in the case of Ni-, Co-, Al-, or Li-doped spinels. Spinels experiencing a smaller volume change maintain their structural integrity, even after prolonged cell cycling, such that there is a better capacity retention. In the B-doped spinel, however, the spinel lattice is largely collapsed and new phases are formed after cell cycling. This results in poor cycleability. It is proposed that the structural breakdown due to the repeated change in lattice volume is the most important failure mode in these materials. Spinel dissolution plays a second major role.
Glucose oxidase (GOx) from Penicillium funiculosum 46.1 was purified using step-by-step ultrafiltration and it was characterized by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods. It was shown that spectra of GOx produced by P. funiculosum are typical for flavoproteins. Absorption spectrum has distinct peaks at 380 and 457 nm, excitation spectrum at 373 and 447 nm, and emission spectrum at 530 and 562 nm. The pH correlation of enzyme activity and catalytic characteristics in various buffer systems (phosphate (pH 5.0–9.0), citrate (pH 3.0–5.0), citrate-phosphate (pH 3.0–9.0), and universal (pH 3.0–9.0)) were registered. It was determined that the GOx is the most efficiently interacting with substrate (glucose) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 with kcat/Km = 21,825 M−1 s−1. Interaction of several different redox mediators (9,10-phenantroline-5,6-dione, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, N-methylphenazonium methyl sulfate, ferrocene, ferrocenecarboxylic acid, α-methylferrocenemethanol, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde) with GOx from P. funiculosum was investigated by evaluation of the difference in fluorescence emission intensity of FAD(oxidized) and FADH2(reduced) forms. It was found that 9,10-phenantroline-5,6-dione and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone are the best redox mediators for this type of GOx.
Despite being currently under-represented in IPCC reports, PV generation represents a growing share of power generation. This Perspective argues that underestimating PV potential led to suboptimal integration measures and that specific deployment strategies for emerging economies should be developed.
A gel polymer electrolyte based on the blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and fully cyanoethylated cellulose derivative (DH-4-CN) was prepared and characterized. Thermal, mechanical, swelling, liquid electrolyte retention and electrochemical properties, as well as microstructures of the prepared polymer electrolytes, were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of DH-4-CN could obviously improve the conductivity of PVDF-HFP based electrolyte. The maximum ionic conductivity of 4.36mScm−1 at 20°C can be obtained for PVDF-HFP/DH-4-CN 14:1 in the presence of 1M LiPF6 in EC and DMC (1:1, w/w). The dry blend membranes exhibit excellent thermal behavior. All the blend electrolytes are electrochemically stable up to about 4.8V vs. Li/Li+ for all compositions. The results reveal that the composite polymer electrolyte qualifies as a potential application in lithium-ion battery.
Hollingsworth & Vose Co has formed a joint venture with India's Nath Group with plans to build a new mill near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.
The pumping loss of redox flow batteries increases dramatically when scaling up to large-area cells, and becomes a key limiting factor for engineering high-performance cell stacks. This work proposes a hierarchical interdigitated flow field design that has independently regulated distribution/collection channels to lower pumping loss and enhance mass transport: a small quantity of primary branch channels with larger section area is engineered to transport the electrolyte across the length of the entire electrode with a relatively low pressure drop, while a large number of secondary branch channels with smaller section area serve to inject the electrolyte into the adjacent porous electrode with a relatively high velocity to ensure good mass transport. The analytical and experimental methods are combined to understand the mass transport phenomena in the presented flow field. It is shown that the hierarchical interdigitated flow field can significantly reduce the pumping loss by 65.9% and increase the pump-based voltage efficiency from 73.8% to 79.1% at 240 mA cm−2 and 3.0 mL min−1 cm−2 compared with the conventional interdigitated flow field, which demonstrates that the hierarchical interdigitated flow field presents a promising solution for scaling up the high-performance redox flow batteries.
Solutions of novel fluorinated lithium dodecaborate (Li2B12F x H12−x ) salts have been evaluated as electrolytes in nonaqueous asymmetric supercapacitors with Li4Ti5O12 as negative electrode, and activated carbon (AC) as positive electrode. The results obtained with these new electrolytes were compared with those obtained with cells built using standard 1M LiPF6 dissolved in ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC; 1:1, v/v) as electrolyte. The specific energy, rate capability, and cycling performances of nonaqueous asymmetric cells based on these new electrolyte salts were studied. Cells assembled using the new fluoroborate salts show excellent reversibility, coulombic efficiency, rate capability and improved cyclability when compared with the standard electrolyte. These features confirm the suitability of lithium-fluoro-borate based salts to be used in nonaqueous asymmetric supercapacitors.
A coherent polyaniline (PANI)/graphene oxides (GOs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite was prepared by in-situ solution polymerization as a positive electrode of supercapacitors. The orderly growth of PANI nano-dots on GOs led to the formation of the nano-ravines that can enhance ions diffusion efficiency. MWCNTs surrounded by PANI connected all components, and thus the conductivity with the increasing electron transfer rate was improved. The results showed that the electrode exhibited the outstanding electrochemical performances with the specific capacitance up to 696Fg−1 at 20mVs−1. The KOH-activated GOs/MWCNTs were used as a negative electrode to assemble an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). The ASC possessed an extended working potential (1.6V), a good rate capability (58% capacitance retention even after the current density being increased by 10 times), an excellent cycling stability (89% capacitance retention after 3000 cycles), and a decent average energy and power density (69Wh/kg and 6.4kW/kg).
In this paper the characteristics and performance of composite polymer electrolytes formed by dispersing selected ceramic (e.g. γ-LiAlO2, Al2O3, SiO2) powders in poly(ethylene oxide)–lithium salt (e.g. PEO–LiCF3SO3) matrices, are reported and discussed. Particular emphasis is devoted to the role of these composite electrolytes in providing the conditions for stabilizing the interface with the lithium metal electrode, as well as for enhancing the electrolyte’s overall transport properties. Finally, results based on tests of practical prototypes demonstrate that these unique properties allow the development of new types of high performance, rechargeable lithium polymer batteries.
A simplified model of mass-transport phenomena on the anodic side of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is presented, with the objective of estimating the cross-over flux in order to enable feedforward (sensorless) control of anodic concentration in DMFC systems. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the tracking error of the control system is analysed and several models for temperature dependence are proposed. Experimental data on methanol cross-over was gathered in a DMFC system, and the models were discriminated by means of nonlinear regression. The regression results and an initial test run indicate that feedforward control of anodic methanol concentration in DMFC systems is feasible.
TNF promotes a regulated form of necrosis, called necroptosis, upon inhibition of caspase activity in cells expressing RIPK3. Because necrosis is generally more pro-inflammatory than apoptosis, it is widely presumed that TNF-induced necroptosis may be detrimental in vivo due to excessive inflammation. However, because TNF is intrinsically highly pro-inflammatory, due to its ability to trigger the production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, rapid cell death via necroptosis may blunt rather than enhance TNF-induced inflammation. Here we show that TNF-induced necroptosis potently suppressed the production of multiple TNF-induced pro-inflammatory factors due to RIPK3-dependent cell death. Similarly, necroptosis also suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Consistent with these observations, supernatants from TNF-stimulated cells were more pro-inflammatory than those from TNF-induced necroptotic cells in vivo. Thus necroptosis attenuates TNF- and LPS-driven inflammation, which may benefit intracellular pathogens that evoke this mode of cell death by suppressing host immune responses.
New hydrophobic ionic liquids based on (fluorosulfonyl)(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide ([(FSO2)(C2F5SO2)N]−, FPFSI−) anion with various oniums, including imidazolium, tetraalkyl ammonium, pyrrolidinium, and piperidinium, were prepared and characterized. Their physicochemical and electrochemical properties, including phase transitions, thermal stability, viscosity, density, specific conductivity and electrochemical windows, were extensively characterized, and were comparatively studied with the corresponding ionic liquids containing the isomeric but symmetric TFSI− ([(CF3SO2)2N]−) anion. These new FPFSI−-based ionic liquids display low melting points, low viscosities, good thermal stability, and wide electrochemical windows allowing Li deposition/dissolution. All these desired properties suggest they are potential electrolyte materials for Li (or Li-ion) batteries.
LiFePO4 has been extensively studied in recent years because of superior thermal stability for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, LiFePO4 still undergo iron dissolution at high temperature or moisture-contaminated electrolyte, and the detailed mechanism is still not clear. Few efforts have been devoted to the correlations between surface chemistry and aging mechanisms. Here, we present a direct visual observation of surface corrosion process at olivine LiFePO4, and found the direct relationship between impurity phases and LiFePO4 corrosion. By using the LiFePO4 ingot sample with a flat surface as model materials, two types of impurity phase (iron-rich and phosphorus-rich) can be clearly observed and their influences on LiFePO4 corrosion were investigated in detail by SEM, Tof-SIMS, and electrochemical Tafel analysis. Similar to the electrochemical cell mechanism in a common metal corrosion process, an oxidation–reduction mechanism was suggested at the impurity phases-relevant corrosion behavior. Iron-rich impurity phases are seriously corroded due to the lower corrosion potentials, which inhibit the corrosion of the adjacent LiFePO4 bulk. On the contrary, phosphorus-rich impurity phase is stable due to higher corrosion potentials, which evokes the serious corrosion occurring at the adjacent LiFePO4 bulk. These findings provide the deep understanding the underlying mechanism in the LiFePO4 aging.
Several methods have been investigated to enhance the cycle life of amorphous MgNi used as the negative electrode for Ni-MH batteries. The first approach involves modifying its surface composition in different ways, including the electroless deposition of a chromate conversion coating, the addition of chromate salt or NaF into the electrolyte and the mechanical coating of the particles with various compounds (e.g. TiO2). Another approach consists of developing (MgNi+AB5) composite materials. However, the cycle life of these modified MgNi electrodes remains unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the modification of the bulk composition of the MgNi alloy with elements such as Ti and Al appears to be more effective. For instance, a Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 electrode retains 67% of its initial discharge capacity (404mAhg−1) after 15 cycles compared to 29% for MgNi. The charging conditions also have a great influence on the electrode cycle life as demonstrated by the existence of a charge input threshold below which minor capacity decay occurs. In addition, the particle size has a major influence on the electrode performance. We have developed an optimized electrode constituted of Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 particles with the appropriate size (>150μm) showing a capacity decay rate as low as ∼0.2% per cycle when charged at 300mAhg−1.
This essay examines the public debate about the agricultural biotechnologies known as genetically modified organisms, as that debate is being carried out in its most dichotomizing forms in the United States. It attempts to reveal the power of sharply dichotomous thinking, as well as its limits. The essay draws on the work of Michel Serres, who uses the concept of the parasite to reconstruct or reframe fundamental dichotomies in western philosophy; it attempts a similar reframing of the public debates about GMOs. The purpose of such a reframing is to create possibilities for dialogue among participants that will move beyond the polarization that characterizes much of the current debate in the U.S.
A detailed investigation of the effect of the thermal stabilizing additive, propane sultone (PS), on the reactions of the electrolyte with the surface of the electrodes in lithium-ion cells has been conducted. Cells were constructed with meso-carbon micro-bead (MCMB) anode, LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathode and 1.0M LiPF6 in 1:1:1 EC/DEC/DMC electrolyte with and without PS. After formation cycling, cells were stored at 75°C for 15 days. Cells containing 2% PS had better capacity retention than cells without added PS after storage at 75°C. The surfaces of the electrodes from cycled cells were analyzed via a combination of TGA, XPS and SEM. The addition of 2% PS results in the initial formation of S containing species on the anode consistent with the selective reduction of PS. However, modifications of the cathode surface in cells with added PS appear to be the source of capacity resilience after storage at 75°C.
Four new functionalized ILs based on piperidinium and pyrrolidinium cations with two ether groups and TFSI− anion are synthesized and characterized. Physical and electrochemical properties of these ILs, including melting point, thermal stability, viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical stability, are investigated. All the ILs are liquids at room temperature, and the viscosities of P(2o1)2-TFSI and P(2o1)(2o2)-TFSI are 55 and 53mPas at 25°C, respectively. Behavior of lithium redox, chemical stability against lithium metal and charge–discharge characteristics of lithium batteries, are also investigated for these IL electrolytes with 0.6molkg−1 LiTFSI. Though the cathodic limiting potentials of these ILs are 0.4V versus Li/Li+, the lithium plating and striping on Ni electrode can be observed for these IL electrolytes, and these IL electrolytes show good chemical stability against lithium metal. Li/LiFePO4 cells using these IL electrolytes without additives have good capacity and cycle property at the current rate of 0.1C, and the cell using the P(2o1)(2o2)-TFSI electrolyte owns good rate property.
The anodic deposition rate of cobalt oxide from CoCl2·6H2O is strongly affected by the type of complex agents (acetate ion (AcO−), citrate ion, EDTA) added into the deposition solutions. The oxidation potential of CoCl2·6H2O, examined by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), is negatively shifted from ca. 1.1V to about 0.8, 0.5, and 0.2V by adding AcO−, citrate ion, and EDTA, respectively. The deposition rate of cobalt oxide is found to depend not only on the coordinating strength between Co and ligands but also on the conversion rate of the Co–L complexes (L: ligand) into the oxy-hydroxyl-Co species after electron transfer. The textural and electrochemical characteristics of resultant Co oxides, examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), open-circuit potential versus time, and cyclic voltammetric analyses, are also influenced by varying the complex agents. The deposition rate is the highest when the Co oxide is deposited from the precursor solution containing AcO−, which also exhibits the highest specific capacitance of ca. 230Fg−1 among all Co oxide deposits (as the oxide loading ≥0.05mgcm−2), demonstrating its most promising applicability in the electrochemical supercapacitors.
A three-dimensionally interconnected carbon nanotube/layered MoS2 nanohybrid network is reported with best-so-far rate capability and outstanding long cycle life as lithium ion battery anode. The monolayer and bilayer MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets with large surface to volume ratio facilitate fast Li ion transport further boosting high power capability, while incorporating high conductive CNT enhances the electronic conductivity and retains the structural integrity. The nanohybrid delivers discharge capacity as high as 512mAhg−1 at 100Ag−1 and 1679mAhg−1 over 425 cycles at 1Ag−1 with 96% discharge capacity retention of the initial cycle.