batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Microgrids are presently receiving great attention and are considered the future trend for power distribution systems. This paper presents the control and management of a microgrid with distributed energy resources connected to a single bus. The microgrid management system uses a centralized and heuristic approach that considers the stochastic production of a photovoltaic power source, the use of a fuel cell, the state of charge of batteries, the variable load profile, and the flag-color of electricity tariff. The goal of the control and management system is the reliable and economic using of energy resources and their integration to power distribution systems while preserving the power quality. The responses regarding the control system of the power inverters connected to the distributed energy resources in the microgrid are evaluated during grid connection, standalone operation, and transition between the aforementioned operating modes. Simulation results prove that the control and management strategy is suitable in all operating conditions of the microgrid. The whole system composed of distributed energy resources, power electronic systems, and their respective control approaches that allow power management were developed in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program.
Bangladesh has been facing a power crisis for about a decade, mainly because of inadequate power generation capacity compared with demand and the ageing infrastructure of many existing power generation facilities. Only 20% of the total population are connected to grid electricity—25% in urban areas and a mere 10% in rural areas where 80% of the total population resides. Currently, most power plants in Bangladesh (representing 84.5% of the total installed capacity) use natural gas—the main commercial primary energy source, with limited national reserves—as a fuel. Electricity supply to low-load rural and remote areas is characterised by high transmission and distribution costs and transmission losses, and heavily subsidised pricing. Renewable energy sources in Bangladesh, particularly biomass, can play a major role to meet electricity demands in the rural and remote areas of the country. The current study indicates that in 2003, the national total generation and recovery rates of biomass in Bangladesh were 148.983 and 86.276Mtonne, respectively. In energy term, the national annual amount of the recoverable biomass is equivalent to 312.613TWh. Considering the present national consumption of biomass, total available biomass resources potential for electricity generation vary from 183.865 to 223.794TWh. Biomass energy potential in the individual districts of the country has been estimated for the planning small- to medium-scale biomass-to-electricity plants.
The risk of accelerated electric vehicle battery degradation is commonly cited as a concern inhibiting the implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. However, little quantitative evidence exists in prior literature to refute or substantiate these concerns for different grid services that vehicles may offer. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to quantify electric vehicle (EV) battery degradation from driving only vs. driving and several vehicle-grid services, based on a semi-empirical lithium-ion battery capacity fade model. A detailed EV battery pack thermal model and EV powertrain model are utilized to capture the time-varying battery temperature and working parameters including current, internal resistance and state-of-charge (SOC), while an EV is driving and offering various grid services. We use the proposed method to simulate the battery degradation impacts from multiple vehicle-grid services including peak load shaving, frequency regulation and net load shaping. The degradation impact of these grid services is compared against baseline cases for driving and uncontrolled charging only, for several different cases of vehicle itineraries, driving distances, and climate conditions. Over the lifetime of a vehicle, our results show that battery wear is indeed increased when vehicles offer V2G grid services. However, the increased wear from V2G is inconsequential compared with naturally occurring battery wear (i.e. from driving and calendar ageing) when V2G services are offered only on days of the greatest grid need (20 days/year in our study). In the case of frequency regulation and peak load shaving V2G grid services offered 2 hours each day, battery wear remains minimal even if this grid service is offered every day over the vehicle lifetime. Our results suggest that an attractive tradeoff exists where vehicles can offer grid services on the highest value days for the grid with minimal impact on vehicle battery life.
This study investigated convergent and discriminant validity between two motor competence assessment instruments in 2485 Flemish children: the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2 Short Form (BOT-2 Short Form) and the KörperKoördinationsTest für Kinder (KTK). A Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between BOT-2 Short Form total, gross and fine motor composite scores and KTK Motor Quotient in three age cohorts (6–7, 8–9, 10–11 years). Crosstabs were used to measure agreement in classification in children scoring below percentile 5 and 15 and above percentile 85 and 95. Moderately strong positive (r =0.44–0.64) associations between BOT-2 total and gross motor composite scores and KTK Motor Quotient and weak positive correlations between BOT-2 Short Form fine motor composite and KTK Motor Quotient scores (r =0.25–0.37) were found. Levels of agreement were fair to moderate. Therefore, some proof of convergent and discriminant validity between BOT-2 Short Form and KTK was established in this study, underlining the notion that the evaluation of motor competence should not be based upon a single assessment instrument.
Magnetically actuated microrobots for such tools have potential accomplish procedures in biological and medical applications. In this paper, a novel magnetically actuated hybrid microrobot with hybrid motion driven by an electromagnetic actuation system has been proposed. An o-ring type permanent magnet is embedded in the hybrid microrobot as an actuator driven by rotational magnetic field which is generated by a 3 axes Helmholtz coils. It is composed by two motion mechanisms. One is the spiral jet motion moved by rotating its body. The other one is fin motion moved by vibrating its body. Because only one permanent magnet is used inside the hybrid microrobot, two motions can be controlled separately without any interference. The hybrid microrobot can change its two motions to realize multi-DOFs movement and flexibility motion. The verified experiments are conducted in the pipe. The experimental results indicate that the moving speed can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field changing frequency and the direction of motion can be controlled by changing the magnetic field direction.
Investigation of acquired amusia caused by brain damage suggested that cortical lesions of the right hemisphere contributed to musical deficits. We previously reported reduced musical ability in schizophrenia; these deficits were correlated with clinical manifestations such as cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms. However, the neural substrate underlying the musical disability in schizophrenia remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between musical deficits and cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia using structural MRI. We recruited 24 patients (13 males; age mean=45.9years old), and 22 controls (14 males, age mean=43.5years old). Musical ability was assessed with the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA), cognitive function with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and clinical features of illness with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). MRI Images were acquired and processed using FreeSurfer. Surface-based analysis showed that thinner cortex in left temporal and inferior frontal region was associated with lower musical ability in schizophrenia. In contrast, in controls thicker cortex in the left supramarginal region was correlated with lower musical ability. These results shed light on the clinical pathology underlying the associations of musical ability, cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Recently, the reversible discharge and charge reaction of BiF3 electrode for fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) that can be used as a promising candidate for next-generation battery are observed using a liquid-based electrolyte. In this study, we investigate the electrochemical performance of PbF2 as an active material for the FSB. To increase the electronic conductivity, the PbF2 was mixed with carbon, and the composite material between PbF2 and carbon, PbF2/C, is formed. High discharge and charge capacities are obtained for PbF2/C during the first cycle. Although the discharge and charge capacities gradually decreased, the discharge and charge reactions occurred in the second and third cycles. To confirm the progress of the discharge and charge reactions, the crystal structure change of the active material during discharging and charging in the first and second cycles is evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the XRD results, the formation of Pb and PbF2 during discharging and charging can be confirmed, indicating that the discharge (PbF2 + 2e− → Pb + 2F−) and charge (Pb + 2F− → PbF2 + 2e−) reactions progress in both the first and second cycles.
Selenium (Se), a congener of Sulphur (S), is widely used as a cathode material for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries, named Li–Se batteries. It has been found that nanostructured Se confined in carbonaceous can lead to significantly improved rate capability and cyclic performance. However, the underlying mechanism of carbon coatings in view of surface/interface electro-chemo-mechanical effect at nanoscale remains poorly unexploited. Herein, equipped with in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have investigated the type of lithium ions transportation, phase transformation, and coupling mechanical behavior of carbon conformably coated Se nanowire (NW) cathode reacted with Li. Intriguingly, We find a unique lithiation mechanism that the “leapfrog phase transformation” occurs at interface between carbon coating and Se NW cathode. The increasingly accumulated Li ions in leapfrog buckled region as a new platform would react with Se to form crystalline Li2Se from surface to interior. More importantly, this interfacial diffusion pathway of Li ions uniquely differs from the surface-coating directed Li transportation engineered where in Li ions initially diffuse into coatings and then react with core materials of electrodes. Furthermore, we note a threshold diameter region of Se NWs with ~ 115–120 nm, above which the uniform carbon coating (~ 8.5 nm) shows remarkable crack and even delimitation after fully lithiation form. These observations provide reliable guidelines for the design of high-performance lithium-ion batteries by interface and surface engineering.
The first example of chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs) analogues based on amides of fluorinated carboxylic acids, namely 1-trifluoroacetyl piperidine (TFAP), has been described. The possibility of applying of this electrolytes has been experimentally evaluated in the series TFAP/AlCl3; TFAP/LiCl/AlCl3; TFAP/[EMIm]Cl/AlCl3; [EMIm]Cl/AlCl3 for use in an aluminum ion battery. The specific conductivities measured by the method of current interruption and impedance spectroscopy at 30 °C were 0.49, 0.28, 1.37, 20.23 mS cm−1, respectively. The exchange current densities at the two-phase interface aluminium/electrolyte investigated using the impedance spectroscopy method were 0.18, 0.03, 0.42, 1100 μA cm−2, respectively. TFAP-based electrolytes did not crystallize when cooled down to −60 °C, according to DSC data. The presence of the molecular [AlCl3(TFAP)], and the ionic AlCl4 −, [AlCl2(TFAP)4]+, and [Al(TFAP)6]3+species is proposed based on the 27Al NMR spectra of the studied new ILs analogues.
Supercapacitor performance of hybrid nanostructure (graphene-zinc antimonate) was explored, in which the 2D graphene and 1D zinc antimonate nanostructures were prepared by probe ultrasonication and precipitation methods respectively and the nanocomposites were fabricated in two different weight ratios by simple homogenous magnetic stirring method. Crystal structure, vibrational modes and synergistic interactions were studied through XRD, SAED and Raman spectral investigations. Morphology and interatomic features were viewed through FESEM and HRTEM investigations. Optical absorption, band gap and emission properties were analyzed through UV-DRS and PL studies and the fabricated nanostructure can anchor as charge trappers and charge recombination inhibitors. XPS spectral studies were confirmed the chemical composition of respective elements as well as chemical interactions between two different quantum nanostructures. The electrochemical tests were carried out using CV, GCD and EIS measurements. The fabricated nanostructures exhibit EDLC behavior with a maximum specific capacitance of 228.57F/g and 1470.25F/g at a current density of 1A/g in 1M H2SO4 electrolyte that was obtained due to the synergistic interaction between graphene and ZSO nanorods and non-aggregation effect. Cycling tests were measured at a current density of 5A/g for 2000 charge/discharge cycles and the prepared composite nanostructure exhibits a better electrochemical stability which was supported by AC impedance studies. These diversified properties make the hybrid nanostructures as an efficient electrode material in supercapacitors.
Lithium cobalt nitrides Li3−2x Co x N (0.1≤ x ≤0.44) have been prepared and investigated as negative electrode in the 1/0.02V potential window. The evolution of the unit cell parameters and unit cell volume with the Co content show a solid solution behaviour. Whatever the Co content, all these nitrides are electroactive with a single step around 0.6V/0.7V for the discharge and charge processes, respectively. The electrochemical behaviour observed is typical of a Li intercalation compound and involves the Co2+/Co+ redox couple in the interlayer plane combined with the reversible accommodation of Li+ ions in the cation vacancies located in Li2N− layers. XRD experiments performed after discharge, charge and cycling tests clearly indicate the hexagonal layered structure of the host lattice is maintained. This intercalation process explains the excellent capacity retention found after 50cycles. A specific capacity of 180mAhg−1 at C/20 and 130mAhg−1 at C/5 rate (100mAcm−2) is achieved for Li2.23Co0.39N. ac impedance measurements have allowed to characterize the kinetics of the reaction.
Selenium was confined in mesoporous carbon matrix derived from porous metal-organic frameworks (meso-C@Se) as cathode material for lithium-selenium rechargeable batteries. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) measurements. It is found that the selenium was dispersed inside the pores of carbon materials. The electrochemical performance of meso-C@Se cathode was tested by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that meso-C@Se cathode has great cycling stability, Coulombic efficiency and high rate performance. The meso-C@Se composite with selenium content of 48 wt% displays an initial discharge capacity of 641 mAh g−1 and a reversible capacity of 306.9mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 337.5mAg−1 (0.5C). Particularly, the meso-C@Se cathode displays the initial discharge capacity and 100th cycle reversible capacity of 659.9 and 279.5mAhg−1 at 2C, showing great high-rate performance. These favourable performance should attribute to the high conductivity of carbon matrix significantly decreases its charge transfer resistance and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect of polyselenides from the composite cathode.
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on important guidelines that a modeler should follow to identify problems for which the model has been designed. There are only three sources of data including data obtained from outside the organization, data on hand, and data developed specifically for the project. These types of data are different from each other in numerous ways; however, they have some common characteristics too. This chapter discusses how data can be utilized in data mining to support a business model, irrespective of the data source. Business models can be created from the opinions of various stakeholders (indirect data). Such models may be invaluable as expressions of opinion, but without empirical data to support them, they remain exactly that, opinion. The ancient Greeks had many opinions about the nature of the world, but they much preferred logical thinking as opposed to evaluating what actually happened around them. And getting the model right requires an aptly constructed model with accurate data.
Various nanostructures of polyaniline (PANI) are fabricated on the surface of carbon cloth (CC) by chemical oxidative polymerization. The surface morphologies and electrochemical properties of the PANI/CC hybrid materials are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), water contact angle (CA), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) techniques. The morphologies and microstructures of PANI/CC hybrid materials can be controlled by the type of the oxidizing agent. The different morphology of uniformly coated, layer and layer fibrous, ordered needle like PANI built on CC sheet are obtained by using FeCl3, H2O2, MnO2 as the oxidizing agent. The produced hybrid electrode materials are labeled as PANI/CC/FeCl3, PANI/CC/H2O2, PANI/CC/MnO2, respectively. We demonstrated that the morphology of the PANI plays an important role in their electrochemical properties. The porous and ordered needle like PANI/CC/MnO2 exhibits higher specific capacitance (560.5Fg−1 at 1Ag−1) and higher energy density (49.78Whkg−1 at a power density of 400Wkg−1) than PANI/CC/H2O2 and PANI/CC/FeCl3. In addition to this, it also exhibits good long term cycling stability. This work is fully proved that micro-structure can determine the macro-properties by the facts.
In this paper, an electrochemical approach was described for preparing graphene with different microstructures, starting from aqueous solutions of graphene oxide (GO), processed under direct voltage. The process relied on the electrochemical reduction of GO sheets deposited on the surface of Cu electrode. The same electrode is first used as the anode for the electrophoretic deposition of GO film, and then as the cathode, allowing for the effective reduction of GO. Paper-like graphene was observed on the electrode after the reduction, while crumpled graphene existed in the solution, which could be further transformed to graphene scroll by sonication. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the oxygen functional groups are significantly removed after the reduction. The mechanism for this method was also proposed in this paper. Moreover, a scale-up device was designed to make this method more applicable for commercialization. This method has the potential for large-scale production of graphene.
Energy storage systems (ESSs) play an important role in the performance and economy of electrified vehicles. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) combining both lithium-ion cells and supercapacitors is one of the most promising solutions. This paper discusses the optimal HESS dimensioning and energy management of a fuel cell hybrid electric bus. Three novel contributions are added to the relevant literature. First, efficient convex programming is used to simultaneously optimize the HESS dimension (including sizes of both the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor stack) and the power allocation between the HESS and the fuel cell system (FCS) of the hybrid bus. In the combined plant/controller optimization problem, a dynamic battery State-of-Health (SOH) model is integrated to quantitatively examine the impact of the battery replacement strategy on both the HESS size and the bus economy. Second, the HESS and the battery-only ESS options are systematically compared in the proposed optimization framework. Finally, the battery-health-perceptive HESS optimization outcome is contrasted to the ideal one neglecting the battery degradation (assuming that the battery is durable over the bus service period without deliberate power regulation).
Although growing evidence underlines the benefits of physical activity as supportive intervention for cancer patients, sparse data are available for exercise in patients with advanced disease stages, in particular for gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) patients who experience specific disease-associated limitations. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of home-based moderate intensity exercise on functional capacity, activities of daily living (ADL) and body composition in patients with advanced GIC during first-line chemotherapy.
Five new complexes of the type [M(OBTTAP)] (where M=Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+; OBTTAP=2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octakis(benzylthio)-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin(2−)) were used to prepare modified silver and pyrolytic graphite electrodes and their electrochemical behavior towards the reduction of aqueous nitrite solution was investigated in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium. Of these electrodes, [Co(OBTTAP)] and [Cu(OBTTAP)] modified electrodes showed affinity for NO 2 - ions and thereby exhibited significantly altered cathodic responses. The [Co(OBTTAP)]/Ag electrode in acidic, neutral and also in alkaline nitrite solutions, exhibited a new one electron irreversible reduction wave at E p,c ∼−0.2 V vs. Ag|AgCl. The [Cu(OBTTAP)]/Ag electrode in acidic and neutral nitrite solutions also behaved in a similar manner. However, in alkaline aqueous nitrite solution it showed two successive one electron reductions, the first reversible reduction at E 1/2 =−0.26 V and the second irreversible reduction at E p,c =−0.73 V vs. Ag|AgCl. Controlled potential electrolysis of alkaline nitrite solutions using a [Cu(OBTTAP)]/Ag cathode led to isolation of a nitrosyl complex. The peak current, particularly with [Cu(OBTTAP)]/Ag microelectrode in alkaline medium, showed a linear response to [ NO 2 - ] and could be exploited in the electrochemical sensing and determination of NO 2 - .
Plants are important resources that have been providing us food from the earliest times. The rapid advances that have taken place in plant genetic engineering have made it possible to modify plants to increase food production and contribute to environmental purification. Transgenic plants are gaining increasing attention from the industry as a natural bioreactor for the production of industrial and chemical products. Useful expression systems based on promoters to optimize transgene expression in plant cells, hold the key to maximizing the potential of this concept of molecular-farming or industrial plants. This review, which is devoted to the use of plants for heterologous protein production, is divided into three parts. First, we introduce the nature of plant promoters and strategies for the isolation of novel promoters. In the second part, various promoters showing high-level constitutive, organ-specific, or inducible expression, are summarized as useful tools for realizing the efficient transcription of transgenes. Finally, problems in the expression of foreign gene in plant cells and future prospects in plant biotechnology are discussed.