batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Caring for people with dementia at home requires considerable time, organization and commitment. Therefore, informal caregivers of people with dementia are often overburdened. This study examined the effects of the telephone-based Talking Time intervention, which is an approach used to strengthen the psychological health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social support of informal caregivers of people with dementia living at home.
Due to well-known Jahn–Teller distortion in spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, it can only be reversibly electrochemically cycled between 3 and 4.8 V with a limited reversible capacity of ∼147 mAh g−1. This study intends to embed the layer-structured Li2MnO3 nanodomains into LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel matrix so that the Jahn–Teller distortion can be suppressed even when the average Mn oxidation state is below +3.5. A series of xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1 are synthesized by co-precipitation method. The composites with intermediate values of x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 exhibit both spinel and layered structural domains in the particles and show greatly improved cycle stability than that of the pure spinel. Among them, 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 delivers the highest and almost constant capacity after a few conditional cycles and shows superior cycle stability. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction results indicate that no Jahn–Teller distortion occurs during the cycling of the 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 composite. Additionally, 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 possesses a high energy density of ∼700 Wh kg−1, showing great promise for advanced high energy density lithium-ion batteries.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the equivalence between electronic and paper administration of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in studies conducted subsequent to those included in Gwaltney et al’s 2008 review.
Although it is obvious that people exerting full effort on a test score higher than people making less effort, it is not obvious to what degree poor effort affects neuropsychological test scores. Nor is it self-evident how well scores on an effort test based on memory predict scores on non-memory tests. In this study, effort was measured in 1307 consecutive outpatients using the Word Memory Test (WMT). The mean WMT effort scores were divided into six ranges, from satisfactory (91% to 100% correct) to very low (50% correct or less). The tables show the mean scores on many commonly used neuropsychological tests for each range of effort on the WMT. As effort decreases, scores on most tests decrease significantly and systematically. In this sample, the variable of effort had more impact on test scores than severe traumatic brain injury.
The paper presents and discusses a method to achieve beneficial electrochemical effects mediated by interfaces in an ionic conducting polymer matrix. The beneficial effects include enhanced ionic transport, catalysis of anodic oxidation reaction, and stabilization of the lithium-electrolyte interface in lithium-based electrochemical cells. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) doped with LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2 (LiBETI) was chosen as the ion conducting polymer matrix. The polymer-ceramic (PC) composite electrolytes from the PEO:LiBETI-BN and PEO:LiBETI-Li2O systems were optimized to achieve high conductivity, reduce charge-transfer resistance, and stabilize the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the lithium anode. Both BN and Li2O were effective in enhancing interface-mediated lithium ion transport. The charge-transfer resistance was reduced by orders of magnitude and the long-term stability of the cells was improved remarkably due to the addition of BN and Li2O in the PEO:LiBETI polymer matrix. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the phenomenon by measuring the time- and temperature-dependent electrical behavior of the aforementioned materials and cells. The interface-mediated effects due to the addition of BN and Li2O dielectrics contributed to the improved cell properties.
Herein we report a novel hierarchical porous hollow cube-shaped 5 V spinel manganese-based intergrown cathode materials with controlling the average oxidation state of Mn. The equal proportion of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiMn2O4 (LiMn1.75Ni0.25O4) intergrown cathode materials exhibit the most excellent electrochemical performance with the initial discharge capacity and energy density as high as 141.7 mAh g−1 and 627.8 Wh Kg−1 at 1 C. What's more, even though cells are performed at elevated temperature and encounter with intermittent high rate load, considerably superior cycle stabilities still are retained. The LMO/LNMO-1/1 yields the primal discharge capacity of 142.5 mAh g−1 and 140.8 mAh g−1, with 93.1% and 92.9% capacity retention up to 50 cycles at 55 °C and subjecting to intermittent 5 C discharge and charge load every five cycles, respectively.
Bifunctional catalysts for oxygen electrodes, active for both the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR, OER), are highly desirable for the development of electrochemical energy conversion devices. In this work, carbon-supported tantalum based catalysts were synthesized by a microemulsion procedure from tantalum ethoxide through a fast hydrolysis reaction followed by heat treatment. The nature and composition of the different tantalates and oxides (general formula NaaTabOc, with a/b = 0–1 and c/b = 2.5–3) relied on the concentration of ethanol as well as on the annealing temperature, with Na2Ta8O21 as predominant crystal phase in all cases. High annealing temperatures resulted in a certain degree of oxygen substoichiometry, which creates defects responsible of electrocatalytic activity. The electrochemical response for the oxygen reduction and the oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolyte (0.1 M NaOH) was evaluated for the first time in this type of materials. The presence of Na2Ta8O21 phase over other oxides/tantalates, a high crystallinity of such Ta-phase, and the oxygen substoichiometry are the three parameters playing a relevant role to favor ORR and OER electro-activity. The best formulations were found in a trade-off situation using 3% ethanol and annealing at 900 °C.
Li4Ti5O12-based negative electrodes for Lithium-ion batteries are of interest because of the high reversibility of Li+ insertion/extraction. In this study, the surface of cycled electrodes is analysed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Auger Microscopy (SAM) to investigate the effects of cycling temperature (room temperature, 60 °C and 85 °C) upon the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which plays a major role in batteries electrochemical performances. Half-cells, with a vinylene carbonate containing electrolyte, are galvanostatically cycled at different steps of the first cycle: the mid-plateau during the first discharge, the end of the first discharge at 1.2 V and the end of the first charge at 2.0 V. XPS analysis evidences that higher temperatures promote the formation of a thicker SEI, which can explain the increase of the irreversible capacity with temperature. SAM mappings (allowing high spatial resolution ∼10–100 nm) evidence that this SEI homogeneously covers the electrode surface, regardless of the cycling temperature. During charge, the SEI is partially dissolved at room temperature, more slightly at 60 °C whereas at 85 °C, no clear evidence of layer thinning is observed. The SEI chemical composition is also investigated and reveals a majority of organic species and an increasing proportion of LiF with the temperature.
LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode exhibiting improved electrochemical performance is reported. X-ray diffraction confirms spinel cubic structure in the bulk with localized structural integrity confirmed by high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showing lattice fringes with spacing of 0.48nm corresponding to (111) of spinel LMO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study quantified the Mn4+/Mn3+∼2 instead of 1 on the surface of pristine LMO nanoparticles. Mn4+ rich surface improved elevated temperature cycling stability inhibiting Mn-dissolution. The surface rich Mn4+ and almost equal concentration of Mn4+ and Mn3+ in the sub-surface/bulk was confirmed by XPS analysis upon ion-etching. At room temperature, high discharge capacity of ∼110 mAh/g at 2C rate and ∼102 mAh/g at 10C rate is reported for long cycles (over 500). Cycling at 55°C, capacity retention of 81.2% and 72% at the end of 200 cycles for 1C and 10C discharge rates respectively are testified for the electrochemical stability. This is superior elevated temperature performance of LMO electrodes especially, without any surface coating or doping. To demonstrate LMO cathode’s potential, a full-cell against Li4Ti5O12 and commercial graphite anodes were tested that exhibit discharge capacity of 95 mAh/g and 82 mAh/g respectively with retention of ∼82% over 100 cycles. Finally, electrodes after first charge and discharge have been investigated by ex situ XPS to correlate the oxidation states of manganese with pristine LMO.
Although lithium-sulfur batteries show fascinating potential for high-capacity energy storage, their practical applications are hindered by the fast capacity decay and low sulfur utilization at high sulfur loading. Herein we report an efficient sulfur host based on two oxides, in which SiO2 hollow spheres with radial meso-channels are covered by a thin TiO2 coating. SiO2 spheres not only yield high sulfur loading as high as 80wt% but also possess strong lithium polysulfides (LiPS) adsorption capability. The thin TiO2 coating can effectively prevent the LiPS outward diffusion, giving rise to a long-term stability. Meanwhile, the oxide-supported carbon from the carbonization of surfactants enables good electrical conductivity to facilitate electron access and improve sulfur utilization. Experimental and theoretical studies show the strong adsorption of LiPS by SiO2. Benefitting from the unique structural and compositional advantages, we achieve a high sulfur loading up to 80wt% with ~65.5% and 33% capacity retentions over 500 and 1000 cycles when tested at 0.5C and 1C, respectively.
This paper reports hierarchically branched structures of tin dioxide nanowires for use in electrochemical energy conversion and storage electrode systems. The shallow tin dioxide branches are epitaxially grown on the tin dioxide nanowire backbones that are directly formed on current collectors. The branched tin dioxide nanowires are applied as anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, while palladium-incorporated branched nanowires are utilized as electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation reactions. The structural benefits of these hierarchical platforms, such as enlarged electrochemical active surface area, void space formed between the branched structures, and conformal contact of the electroactive materials with current collectors, play important roles in improving the electrochemical Li-ion storage as well as electrocatalytic activity.
Rechargeable zinc-air battery used for energy storage has a serious problem of charging capacity limited by oxygen bubble coalescence. Fast removal of oxygen bubbles adhered to the charging electrode surface is of great importance for improving the charging performance of the battery. Here we show that the law of oxygen bubble growth can be achieved by means of phase-field simulation, revealing two phenomena of bubble detachment and bubble coalescence located in the charging electrode on both sides. Hydrodynamic electrolyte and partial insulation structure of the charging electrode are investigated to solve the problem of oxygen bubble coalescence during charging. Two types of rechargeable zinc-air battery are developed on the basis of different tri-electrode configurations, demonstrating that the charging performance of the battery with electrolyte flow (Ⅰ) is better than that of the battery with the partially insulated electrode (Ⅱ), while the battery Ⅱ is superior to the battery Ⅰ in the discharging performance, cost and portability. The proposed solutions and results would be available for promoting commercial application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries or other metal-air batteries.
Developing novel low-cost and efficient electron transport layer (ETL) materials for high-efficiency planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still remains challenges. Herein, we report a low-temperature colloid-synthesized and solution-deposited strontium stannate SrSnO3 (SSO) perovskite oxide nanoparticle can be an effective alternative ETL. More importantly, the introduction of yttrium dopant results in a significant improvement in the optoelectronic properties of yttrium-doped SrSnO3 (YSSO), exhibiting higher electron conductivity and faster electron transfer, as well as better band alignment at ETL/perovskite interface compare to undoped SSO, which is also supported by theory calculation. Consequently, these factors boost all photovoltaic performance parameters, leading to an improvement in the efficiency of planar PSCs. The resulting YSSO-based PSCs exhibit an average efficiency of 17.8% and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.0% with the significant reduction of J–V hysteresis, and those devices show high long-term stability as well. Our findings provide the full potential of the perovskite oxide toward future photovoltaic applications, especially for cost-efficient planar PSCs.
High-Ni-content layer-structured cathode materials for lithium-ion secondary batteries have high capacity but they suffer from poor thermal stability. We studied the mechanism responsible for their thermal stability to make them more stable. We used X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra to clarify the changes in the oxidation states and the local structures for each transition metal in Li0.2Ni x Mn(1−x)/2Co(1−x)/2O2 (x = 1/3, 0.6, and 0.8) at high temperature. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that the oxidation state of Ni and Co changed due to heating. Although, pre-edge of XANES spectra indicated that the occupation sites of Co ions changed from octahedral to tetrahedral, Mn ions remained in the octahedral sites at high temperature. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results supported the change in the occupation sites of Co and Mn ions due to heating. It can be concluded that Co and Mn affected thermal stability of those Ni-based cathode materials differently. The Co ions migrated from octahedral to tetrahedral sites, and they stably occupy tetrahedral sites. Hence, so the structural change from spinel to rock-salt is suppressed. The oxidation state of Mn is stable and remains unchanged in layer structure at high temperature.
O/N co-doped porous carbon materials derived from biomass have become the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy conversion and storage due to their renewability and sustainability. We herein present a simple approach to fabricate O/N co-doped porous carbon materials by direct pyrolysis of medulla tetrapanacis (the stem pith of tetrapanax papyriferus). The porous carbon sample (MT-900) synthesized under optimum conditions shows outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (onset potential (E o) = 3 mV; half-wave potential (E 1/2) = −128 mV vs. Ag/AgCl), together with excellent long-term stability, and high resistance to methanol crossover and CO poisoning. Furthermore, the MT-900-based supercapacitor electrode also exhibits high-rate performance (83.6% capacitance retention from 1 to 100 A g−1) as well as excellent stability (95.2% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles) in 6 M KOH electrolyte.
Porous hollow carbon spheres (PHCSs) are prepared through hydrothermal carbonization of alginic acid and subsequent chemical activation by KOH. The porosity of the alginic acid derived PHCSs can be finely modulated by varying activation temperature in the range of 600–900 °C. The PHCSs activated at 900 °C possess the largest specific surface area (2421 m2 g−1), well-balanced micro- and mesoporosity, as well as high content of oxygen-containing functional groups. As the electrode material for supercapacitors, the PHCSs exhibit superior capacitive performance with specific capacitance of 314 F g−1 at current density of 1 A g−1. Pt nanodendrites supported on the PHCSs are synthesized by polyol reduction method which exhibit high electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Moreover, CO-poisoning tolerance of the Pt nanodendrites is greatly enhanced owing to the surface chemical property of the PHCSs support.
Environmental protection and energy conservations are the main concern of 21st century which has now accelerated the pace to plan and develop electric vehicle technology. The electric vehicles (EVs) offer a zero emission, new automobile industry establishment, and economic development, efficient and smart transportation system. Also EVs equipped with artificial intelligence system will also improve the present traffic safety and road utilization. The EV system consist of energy storage devices such as various types of batteries, fuel cells, ultra-capacitors along with electric propulsion, body of the vehicle and energy management system with the diversified technology of electrical, electronics, mechanical, automotive and chemical engineering. The objective of electric vehicle is to produce commercial viable range, efficient performance, and comfort with safety and reliable operations at cheaper price than its counterpart the internal combustion EV. Currently the permanent magnet brushless direct current motors are the present choice of automobile industries and researchers because of its high power density, compact size, reliability, and noise free and minimum maintenance requirements. In this paper an overview of electric vehicle technology and key strategy is presented. The present state of art permanent magnet brushless DC motor drive for the electric vehicle application is also presented in this paper. In addition the energy storage devices, smart energy management system unit for EV and commercial aspects and benefits of EV are highlighted.
The recent development and the in-depth analysis of O3-phase Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 has enriched the understanding of the overall electrochemical performance relating to the phase transitions during cycling of layered oxide cathodes. In order to understand the correlation between the initial polymorphs, their phase transitions during cycling without bias from starting Na concentration, we directly compare the structural evolution of O3- and P2-phase Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 utilizing time-resolved in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. The complex phase transitions along with multiple regions of solid solution and biphasic evolution are identified based on time (or voltage) of cycling progress. The focus of this work is at relatively high C-rates of 1C and C/2.5, where a direct comparison of the evolution of the O3 and P2 type Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 phases are made, showing striking differences which do have ramifications on the short and long-term electrochemical performance of these electrodes. An example of the mid-term structural evolution of the O3 electrode shows that it can transform to the P2 electrode with electrochemical cycling.
Caregivers of people with epilepsy are commonly concerned about unwitnessed seizures causing injury and even death. The goal of this study was to determine if a wrist-worn motion detector could detect tonic–clonic seizures. Individuals admitted for continuous video/EEG monitoring wore a wristwatch-size device that was programmed to detect rhythmic movements such as those that occur during tonic–clonic seizures. When such movement was detected, the device sent a Bluetooth signal to a computer that registered the time and duration of the movements. Recorded detections were compared with the routinely recorded video/EEG data. Six of 40 patients had a total of eight tonic–clonic seizures. Seven of the eight seizures were detected. Nonseizure movements were detected 204 times, with opportunity for canceling transmission by the patient. Only one false detection occurred during sleep. In principle, this device should allow caregivers of people with tonic–clonic seizures to be alerted when a seizure occurs.
Silicon monoxide (SiO) has a high-expected capacity and long cycle performance, but the first cycle's charge–discharge efficiency was lower than that of a conventional anode material. Recently, we have reported that the irreversible capacity was able to be suppressed based on the crystallinity of SiO. In order to decrease the oxygen defect and improve the crystallinity of SiO, Fe2O3 was reacted with SiO as an oxygen source then heat-treated at 800 °C. When the sample of the mixed SiO and Fe2O3 at a molar ratio of 1:0.2 was heated, Fe2SiO4 (fayalite) with the Pbnm olivine structure was uniformly formed on the SiO surface. It was confirmed that the efficiency of the first cycle's charge–discharge capacity improved in comparison to the conventional SiO.
Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of a dance program for people with moderate to severe dementia living in nursing homeswith regards to recruitment and retention, assessment tools, intervention safety, attendance and engagement. Design Pilot randomised controlled trial with assessments at weeks 0, 16 and 32. Setting A nursing home in Sydney, Australia. Interventions: Experienced dance teachers conducted dance groups (intervention) or music appreciation and socialisation groups (control) for 45min, three times a week for 16 weeks. Main outcome measures Descriptive statistics for recruitment and retention, adverse events and attendance and engagement. Results Recruitment was smooth, attrition was17% over 32 weeks. Engagement during the sessions was high, and no serious falls or behavioural incidents occurred. Average attendance was poorer than anticipated for dance groups (67%) in comparison to music groups (89%). A ceiling effect on the Severe Impairment Battery and the logistical challenges of the Clinical Global Impression of Change meant they may not be optimal tools. Conclusions It is feasible to conduct a study of group dance for people with moderate to severe dementia in residential care. Choice of attention control condition should be reconsidered.
Ion-exchange membranes modified with the triethylamine [–N(CH2CH3)3] and phosphoric acid (–PO3 H) groups were prepared by radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the polyolefin nonwavon fabric (PNF) and subsequent chemical modification of poly(GMA) graft chains. The physical and chemical properties of the GMA-grafted PNF and the PNF modified with ion-exchange groups were investigated by SEM, XPS, TGA, and DSC. Furthermore, electrochemical properties such as specific electric resistance, transport number of K+, and desalination were examined. The grafting yield increased with increasing reaction time and reaction temperature. The maximum grafting yield was obtained with 40% (vol.%) monomer concentration in dioxane at 60°C. The content of the cation- and anion-exchange group increased with increasing grafting yield. Electrical resistance of the PNF modified with TEA and –PO3 H group decreased, while the water uptake (%) increased with increasing ion-exchange group capacities. Transport number of the PNF modified with ion-exchange group were the range of ca. 0.82–0.92. The graft-type ion-exchange membranes prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization were successfully applied as separators for electrodialysis.