batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets (LTO NSs)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites are synthesized using a facile, reproducible, and scalable strategy. In the hydrothermal process, the introduction of CNTs significantly improves the rate performance of LTO NSs. The incorporation of CNTs into the LTO NSs forms a delicate conductive network for rapid electron and lithium ions transport, resulting in excellent rate performance and superior cycling performance. LTO NSs/7.5%-CNTs composites show the highest reversible capacity and high-rate capability (a reversible capability of 157, 145, 132, 118, and 105mAhg−1 at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Ag−1, respectively) with good cycling performance (approximate 6.9% capacity loss after 1000 cycles at 2Ag−1 with a capacity retention of 135mAhg−1), which is apparently larger than pristine LTO NSs. The significantly improved rate capability and cycling performance of the LTO NSs/CNTs composites are mainly attributed to their the lower polarization of potential difference, the larger diffusion coefficient of lithium ion and smaller charge-transfer resistance than pure LTO NSs.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory motor dysfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The corpus callosum (CC) is affected in AD already at early stages consistent with the hypothesis that AD patients exhibit alterations in transcallosally mediated motor inhibition (ipsilateral silent period, iSP). Therefore, here we aimed at investigating the integrity not only of intra-, but also of inter-hemispheric mechanisms of cortical motor excitability in AD. We determined the iSP, the resting motor threshold (RMT), and the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEP) in 19 AD patients and 19 healthy controls using single-pulse TMS. Furthermore, we used paired-pulse TMS to study the intra-cortical inhibition (ICI) and intra-cortical facilitation (ICF). All subjects underwent comprehensive neuropsychologic, clinical, and laboratory testing, and neuroimaging to exclude significant co-morbidity. In AD patients, the RMT was significantly reduced (Oneway-ANOVA). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a strong group specific interaction of the inhibitory interstimulus intervals (p = 0.005) with a reduced ICI in AD. Furthermore, we found a significantly prolonged iSP-latency (p = 0.003) in AD compared to controls, whereas the iSP-duration was not different. The iSP-latency correlated significantly with the ICI (ANCOVA) (p = 0.02). The ICF did not differ significantly between groups. Our data suggest comprehensive but still subclinical dysfunctions of motor cortical inhibition in mild to moderate clinical stages of AD with strong interactions of intra- and inter-hemispheric inhibitory phenomena. Future studies are needed to show the potential prognostic relevance of these findings for the further course of the disease.
Poly(ortho-aminophenol)/graphene nanocomposite was electrochemically synthesized. The nanocomposite represented an excellent supercapacitive behavior resulted from the complementary properties of graphene and the conducting polymer. The nanocomposite was characterized by various methods including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. As an electrode material, the specific capacitance of the nanocomposite was 281.1Fg−1 which was about 3times of the specific capacitance of graphene. This behavior was related to a synergistic effect of the electrical double layer capacitance of graphene and pseudo-capacitance of the conducting polymer. The nanocomposite kept >99% of the initial specific capacitance after 1200 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1Ag−1.
SiOx is proposed as one of the most promising high-performance anodes for its favorable capacity and stable lithium insertion/extraction electric potential, however its effective commercial application still faces giant challenge. To overcome poor electrical conductivity and huge volume effect of silicon oxide-based material, we adopt a valid strategy to synthesis the SiOx nanosphere double-wrapped by MoS2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as anode material. The influences of MoS2 and CNTs on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performances of nanohybrid are probed detailly by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and charge-discharge measurements. The results show that as-prepared nanohybrids release a steady reversible capacity of 798mAhg−1 with high capacity retention of 81.4% at 500mAg−1 after 300cycles. The outstanding electrochemical properties can be ascribed to the facts that the hollow mesoporous structure affords ample buffer space and the introduction of MoS2 with a two-dimensional layered structure can provide more exposed active-sites for lithium adsorption, as well as the CNTs wrapping can form a favorable conductivity matrix, endowing the nanocomposites with great structural stability. Accordingly, this new structure design by means of a heterogeneous dual-wrapped architecture develops a significant strategy for the development of high-performance SiOx-based anode materials.
The latest studies have adopted software technology to turn the battery-free wireless mouse into a high performance object location detector using a newly developed object location detection program (OLDP). This study extended OLDP functionality to assess whether two patients recovering from cerebral vascular accidents would be able to actively perform occupational activities by controlling their favorite environmental stimulation using battery-free wireless mice and OLDP software. Using an ABAB design we found substantial increases in both participants’ target responses (i.e. the performance of occupational activities) to activate the control system to produce environmental stimulation during intervention phrases. The practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.
A hybrid system comprising a fuel cell stack and a battery bank was developed, built and tested in this research work. This hybrid system was built to supply both DC and AC outputs. The voltage levels set on electrical interconnection points are achieved with several power conditioning stages controlled by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The main advantage of this system is its excellence as a test bench, since it allows testing system performance at different voltage-restricted interconnecting points. Besides, power electronics are observed to play an essential role in distributed generation systems. The applications of the developed hybrid system extend from Auxiliary Power Units (APU) in vehicles (cars, buses or trains) to Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) in hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, office buildings or schools.
Layered transition metal compounds have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density for sodium ion batteries. However, this kind of material suffers from serious irreversible capacity decay during the charge and discharge process. Here, using synchrotron-based operando transmission X-ray microscopy and high-energy X-ray diffraction combined with electrochemical measurements, the visualization of the dissymmetric phase transformation and structure evolution mechanism of layered NaNiO2 material during initial charge and discharge cycles are clarified. Phase transformation and deformation of NaNiO2 during the voltage range of below 3.0V and over 4.0V are responsible for the irreversible capacity loss during the first cycling, which is also confirmed by the evolution of reaction kinetics behavior obtained by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. These findings reveal the origin of the irreversibility of NaNiO2 and offer valuable insight into the phase transformation mechanism, which will provide underlying guidance for further development of high-performance sodium ion batteries.
Stormwater management in cities has traditionally been based on centralized systems, evacuating runoff as quickly as possible through drainage networks that collect and convey the runoff to the final point of treatment or the receiving water body. In recent years, a different approach focused on the use of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) represents a paradigm shift, promoting a decentralized management as close to the runoff source as possible. Among these techniques, permeable pavements represent an effective solution for reducing runoff and providing pollutant treatment. This contribution describes the results obtained from an innovative ceramic permeable pavement developed as part of the LIFE CERSUDS project in the city of Benicàssim (Spain). This pavement, composed by modules built from ceramic tiles in stock, allows water infiltration, runoff treatment and water reuse as part of a SUDS built in 2018 and monitored from September 2018 to September 2019. The purpose of the research was to demonstrate the hydraulic performance of the proposed solution through monitoring of runoff quantity and quality variables. Monitoring data analysis have shown positive results, reducing peak runoff rates and the volume of water which is conducted downstream. From the hydrological point of view, the system capacity shown a 100% runoff management for events up to 15–25 mm of precipitation. This is a very significant threshold since these values represent, respectively, the 81% and 91% percentiles for the study area. System performance was confirmed in terms of runoff management and water infiltration. This demonstration case study represents a reference example of urban retrofitting actions which integrate social, economic and environmental aspects.
Dual carbon shells coated SnO2 hollow nanospheres (C@SnO2@C) are synthesized as anode material for lithium ion batteries, it delivers an almost constant capacity about 712.6 mAh g−1 after 300th cycles at 200 mA g−1. A capacity recovery (more than 200%) is observed during the high rate (5 A g−1) long cycling process (10000 cycles). The discharge capacity of the C@SnO2@C electrode is only 194.5 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. Afterwards the capacity increases gradually until the 3000th cycle up to 500 mAh g−1 and then keeps stable for the subsequent cycles without obvious capacity fading tendency after 10000 cycles. These superior electrochemical performances should be attributed to the synergistic effect between the double carbon coating layers and the refined nanosized SnO2 nanocrystals. The double carbon coating layer could not only effectively provide buffers against the structural pulverization of electrodes during charge and discharge process through a novel spatial confinement strategy, but also facilitate the diffusion of electrons by enhancing the electronic conductivity. Thus, these benefits from the dually coated structure are able to provide a robust architecture for lithium-ion battery anodes.
Identification of drainage water allows assessing the effectiveness of water management. Passive capillary wick-type lysimeters (PCAPs) were used to monitor water flux leached below the root zone under an irrigated cropping system. Wireless lysimeters were developed for web-based real-time online monitoring of drainage water using a distributed wireless sensor network (WSN). Twelve PCAP sensing stations were installed across the field at 90 cm below the soil surface, and each station measured the amount of drainage water using two tipping buckets mounted in the lysimeter and continually monitored soil water contents using two soil moisture sensors installed above the lysimeter. A weather station was included in the WSN to measure micrometeorological field conditions. All in-field sensory data were periodically sampled and wirelessly transmitted to a base station that was bridged to a web server for broadcasting the data on the internet. Communication signals from the in-field sensing stations to the base station were successfully interfaced using low-cost Bluetooth wireless radio communication. Field experiments resulted in high correlation between estimated and actual drainage with r2 = 0.95 and confirmed a reliable wireless communication throughout the growing season. A web-linked WSN system provided convenient remote online access to monitor drainage water flux and field conditions without the need for costly time-consuming supportive operations.
The current distribution over the surface of cylindrical VRLA accumulator electrodes for hybrid electric vehicles during discharge was determined mathematically by using an equivalent electrical circuit. The dependence of the internal resistance on the current and on the charge passed was determined by measurements on an experimental cell. The results are presented in the form of 3D diagrams for different states of discharge. The effect of the configuration of the current tabs on the current distribution over the electrode surface during discharge is discussed.
Rod-like LiV3O8 composites have been fabricated by using a carbamide-assisted rheological phase reaction method. The electrochemical performances of the LiV3O8 materials prepared under different conditions are investigated by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge–discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The rod-like LiV3O8 calcined at 500°C has the optimal performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 273.6 and 250.4mAhg−1 between 2.0V and 4.0V at a current density of 50 and 120mAg−1, respectively. After 60 cycles by applying 50mAg−1, a discharge capacity of 213.0mAhg−1 is obtained, showing a good cycling performance. The EIS studies show that the 500°C-LiV3O8 electrode has very low impedance increase during 1st to 240th discharge-charge cycles. All these results indicate that the rod-like LiV3O8 compound has a promising application as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries.
A novel screen-printed microfluidic paper-based analytical device with all-carbon electrode-enabled electrochemical assay (SP-ACE-EC-μPAD) has been developed. The fabrication of these devices involved wax screen-printing, which was simple, low-cost and energy-efficient. The working, counter and reference electrodes were screen-printed using carbon ink on the patterned paper devices. Different wax screen-printing processes were examined and optimized, which led to an improved method with a shorter heating time (~5 s) and a lower heating temperature (75 °C). Different printing screens were examined, with a 300-mesh polyester screen yielding the highest quality wax screen-prints. The carbon electrodes were screen-printed on the μPADs and then examined using cyclic voltammetry. The analytical performance of the SP-ACE-EC-μPADs for the detection of glucose and uric acid in standard solutions was investigated. The results were reproducible, with a linear relationship [R2 = 0.9987 (glucose) or 0.9997 (uric acid)] within the concentration range of interest, and with detection limits as low as 0.35 mM (glucose) and 0.08 mM (uric acid). To determine the clinical utility of the μPADs, chronoamperometry was used to analyze glucose and uric acid in real urine samples using the standard addition method. Our devices were able to detect the analytes of interest in complex real-world biological samples, and have the potential for use in a wide variety of applications.
Frame-projected independent-fiber photometry (FIP) enables the concurrent monitoring and manipulation of neural activity at multiple sites in the brains of freely behaving mice.
The deterioration behavior of the Li-ion batteries consisted of LiMn1.7Al0.3O4 and hard carbon were investigated at the storage temperature from 50 to 75°C. The deterioration phenomena were analyzed by using XPS, FT-IR, SEM and TEM for the negative electrode surface. As a result, the negative electrode surface of deteriorated battery showed the dissociation of manganese from the positive active material, and also the decomposition of electrolyte and LiPF6 components was observed. When the storage temperature was over 65°C, the ratio of PO4 3− component in the films particularly increased, suggesting that the transformation was thought to be caused by the decomposition of LiPF6. Furthermore, we developed the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) observation technology. The film thickness of the deteriorated negative electrode was found to be varied from 40 to 200nm.
The concept of routines, repetitive patterns of action, have been adopted in a wide range of academic disciplines including economics, psychology and sociology. Nelson and Winter (Nelson, R.R., Winter, S.G. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London), used the concept of routines to build on evolutionary economics in their attempt to explain the way in which organisations innovate. However, there have been few attempts to identify the day-to-day social activity which contributes towards maintaining existing routines or, more importantly, the creation of new routines. In this paper we report on a Teaching Company Scheme (TCS) established between Aston Business School and Rotadex Systems Ltd. The programme was designed to improve the capacity for innovation within Rotadex. The data are based on the experience of the Teaching Company Associate, Martin Craven, in his role as the initiator of change within Rotadex. Hence, this research represents an attempt to “peel back the layers” of organisational activity by describing the processes by which new routines become institutionalised.
This paper analyses how different definitions of happiness affect the individual assessment of subjective wellbeing. Bearing in mind the production theory, we study the impact of definitions of happiness on how efficiently a set of determinants are used and converted into happiness. From a theoretical point of view, we discuss the role of the Conceptual Referent Theory within the affective-cognitive process of personal evaluation of happiness. We use data from the Understanding High Happiness in Latin America survey (2018), which includes a sample of people from Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and the USA, to investigate how happiness conceptual referents influence personal assessment using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. This method permits to assess the impact of different definitions of happiness on how a set of standard drivers like income and social relations are used and converted into perceived happiness. To this end, conceptual referents for happiness are treated as (in)efficiency factors. This study shows that the concept of happiness shapes how individuals value the same inputs. “Stoicism”, “virtue” and “enjoyment” emerge as the most efficient referents. Also, we observe that cross-country differences in the level of perceived happiness are associated with differences in the prevalence of conceptual referents. In the USA, where less efficient definitions prevail, people report lower levels of happiness.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformation in intercalation battery electrodes are investigated by phenomenological models which include a mean-field lattice-gas thermodynamic model and a generalized Poisson–Nernst–Planck equation set based on linear irreversible thermodynamics. The application of modeling to a porous intercalation electrode leads to a hierarchical equivalent circuit with elements of explicit physical meanings. The equivalent circuit corresponding to the intercalation particle of planar, cylindrical and spherical symmetry is reduced to a diffusion equation with concentration dependent diffusivity. The numerical analysis of the diffusion equation suggests the front propagation behavior during phase transformation. The present treatment is also compared with the conventional moving boundary and phase field approaches.
Difficulties in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) are a key feature of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The DCDDaily-Q was developed to address children's motor performance in a comprehensive range ADL. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of this parental questionnaire. Parents of 218 five to eight year-old children (DCD group: N =25; reference group: N =193) completed the research version of the new DCDDaily-Q and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC2) Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Children were assessed with the MABC2 and DCDDaily. Item reduction analyses were performed and reliability (internal consistency and factor structure) and concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the DCDDaily-Q were investigated. The final version of the DCDDaily-Q comprises 23 items that cover three underlying factors and shows good internal consistency (Cronbach's α >.80). Moderate correlations were found between the DCDDaily-Q and the other instruments used (p <.001 for the reference group; p >.05 for the DCD group). Discriminant validity of the DCDDaily-Q was good for DCDDaily-Q total scores (p <.001) and all 23 item scores (p <.01), indicating poorer performance in the DCD group. Sensitivity (88%) and specificity (92%) were good. The DCDDaily-Q better predicted DCD than currently used questionnaires (R 2 =.88). In conclusion, the DCDDaily-Q is a valid and reliable questionnaire to address children's ADL performance.
The amorphous nano-structured manganese oxide was electrochemically deposited onto a stainless-steel electrode. The structure and surface morphology of the obtained manganese oxide were studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The capacitive characteristics of the manganese oxide electrodes were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge cycling. The morphological and capacitive characteristics of the hydrous manganese oxide was found to be strongly influenced by the electrochemical deposition conditions. The highest specific capacitance value of ca. 410Fg−1 and the specific power of ca. 54kWkg−1 were obtained at 400mVs−1 sweep rate of potentiodynamic deposition condition. The cyclic-life data showed that the specific capacitance was highly stable up to 10,000 cycles examined. This suggests the excellent cyclic stability of the obtained amorphous hydrous manganese oxide for supercapacitor application.
A three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically MXene-derived carbon/nickel‑manganese layered double hydroxide nanosheets composite (MDC/NiMn-LDH) is constructed by a facile in situ growth route. Such unique 3D structure could provide fast and short pathway for electron and ion transfer, but also sufficiently expose active area for redox reactions of NiMn-LDH. The electrochemical investigation indicates that the optimized MDC/Ni5Mn1-LDH composite delivers a high specific capacity of 228mAhg−1 at 1Ag−1, remarkable rate capability with 158mAhg−1 retention at 10Ag−1, and excellent cycling stability of 74% retention with 122mAhg−1 after 4500cycle tests at 8Ag−1. In addition, a high-performance alkaline hybrid capacitor is fabricated based on the MDC/Ni5Mn1-LDH positive electrode and the 3D ordered porous carbon nanosheets (aPCNs) negative electrode, which manifests a high energy density of 45.2Whkg−1 at a power density of 802Wkg−1.
In this research, new thin freestanding films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 50) were doped with lithium triflate, LiCF3SO3 salt was prepared by a solvent casting method. The incorporation of ENR 50 is found to increase the conductivity of PMMA/LiCF3SO3 by two orders of magnitude at room temperature. The highest conductivity achieved was 5.09×10−5 Scm−1 at room temperature when 60% of LiCF3SO3 salt was introduced into the PMMA blend containing 10% ENR 50. The formation of excessive hydrogen bonds and interchain crosslinking limit the performance of the blend at higher concentrations of ENR 50. The ionic conduction mechanisms in PMMA/ENR 50/LiCF3SO3 electrolytes obey the Arrhenius rule in which the ion transport in these materials is thermally assisted.