batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology precedes the onset of clinical symptoms by several decades. Thus, biomarkers are required to identify prodromal disease stages to allow for the early and effective treatment. The methoxy-X04-derivative BSC4090 is a fluorescent ligand which was designed to target neurofibrillary tangles in AD. BSC4090 staining was previously detected in post-mortem brains and olfactory mucosa derived from AD patients. We tested BSC4090 as a potential diagnostic marker of prodromal and early AD using olfactory mucosa biopsies from 12 individuals with AD, 13 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 10 cognitively normal (CN) controls. Receiver-operating curve analysis revealed areas under the curve of 0.78 for AD versus CN and of 0.86 for MCI due to AD versus MCI of other causes. BSC4090 labeling correlated significantly with cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at T181. Using NMR spectroscopy, we find that BSC4090 binds to fibrillar and pre-fibrillar but not to monomeric tau. Thus, BSC4090 may be an interesting candidate to detect AD at the early disease stages.
Peroxide structure O2 n− has proven to appear after electrochemical process in many lithium-excess precious metal oxides, representing extra reversible capacity. We hereby report construction of a Li-excess rock-salt oxide Li1+xNi1/2-3x/2Ru1/2+x/2O2 electrode, with cost effective and eco-friendly 3d transition metal Ni partially substituting precious 4d transition metal Ru. It can be seen that O2 n− is formed in pristine Li1.23Ni0.155Ru0.615O2, and stably exists in subsequent cycles, enabling discharge capacities to 295.3 and 198 mAh g−1 at the 1st/50th cycle, respectively. Combing ex-situ X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization, we demonstrate that the excellent electrochemical performance comes from both percolation network with disordered structure and cation/anion redox couples occurring in charge-discharge process. Li-excess and substitution of common element have been demonstrated to be a breakthrough for designing novel high performance commercial cathodes in rechargeable lithium ion battery field.
LiFePO4 was prepared using two synthetic routes which involved the precipitation and lithiation of an amorphous FePO4 precursor followed by a thermal treatment. Both hydrated and dehydrated FePO4 were used. The XRD patterns confirm the amorphous nature of both the precipitated and the lithiated product, while a crystalline LiFePO4 product is obtained after thermal treatment. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to analyse the oxidation state of iron during various stages of the reaction. The Mössbauer data demonstrates a large amount of Fe3+ ions in the lithiated samples which suggest that the lithiation reaction does not go to completion. Therefore, the formation of LiFePO4 may be in part associated with the thermal treatment and not the lithiation step.
Commercial nanocrystalline TiO2 anatase and self-prepared TiO2(B) bronze synthesized by hydrothermal method were used as the cathode materials for Mg-ion and hybrid Li/Mg-ion batteries. The TiO2 anatase delivers high initial discharge/charge capacities of 225 mAh g−1/204 mAhg−1 in a mixture of Phenylmagnesium chloride-AlCl3/LiCl in tetrahydrofuran (APC/LiCl) hybrid electrolyte, while the TiO2(B) shows high initial discharge/charge capacities of 260 mAh g−1/231 mAh g−1 in the same hybrid electrolyte. Low discharge capacities of 67 and 57 mAh g−1 and strong polarization are observed for both TiO2 anatase and TiO2(B) samples in pure APC electrolyte, respectively. In situ synchrotron diffraction strongly identifies that in APC/LiCl hybrid electrolyte, the TiO2 anatase undergoes structural evolution via a solid solution and a two-phase reaction mechanism, while TiO2(B) exhibits a solid solution reaction during the discharge-charge processes. The analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectra for the TiO2 anatase and TiO2(B) cathodes in the discharged/charged states reveals a change of Mg/Ti as well as Li/Ti ratios at different stages, which may indicate a contribution of both Mg and Li to the charge storage mechanism in the hybrid electrolyte.
In the present work open-circuit potential (OCP) transient and laser beam deflection transient were measured simultaneously from the impermeable Pd foil electrode pre-charged with hydrogen at −0.08–0.04 V (reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) in 0.1 M NaOH solution as a function of the pre-charging potential of hydrogen. The OCP is determined by a mixing of the potentials of two simultaneous reactions of anodic hydrogen oxidation MHads+OH−=M+H2O+eα and cathodic hydrogen underpotential deposition M+H2O+eβ=MHads+OH− below 0.15 V (RHE) and oxygen reduction 1/2O2+H2O+2eβ=2OH− above 0.15 V (RHE), coupled by a common corrosion rate. From the coincidence between the measured OCP transient and calculated corrosion potential transient, it is indicated that the plot of hydrogen oxidation rate versus reduced time calculated corresponds to the measured OCP transient and thus both transients are closely coupled each other. This means that the hydrogen self-discharge from the electrode proceeds with the rate of hydrogen oxidation at the electrode surface, calculated based upon the mixed potential theory from the measured Evans–Hoar diagram. By taking the value of self-discharge rate on one surface determined as a function of time and adopting the impermeable constraint on the other surface as the boundary condition for hydrogen diffusion through the electrode, hydrogen concentration profile across the electrode has been derived with time from the measured tensile deflection transient.
Clinical and nonclinical safety liabilities remain a major cause of adverse drug reactions, candidate drug attrition, delays during development, labelling restrictions, non-approval, and product withdrawal. Many of the toxicities are functional in nature and/or in origin. Whereas pharmacological responses tend to be fairly rapid in onset, and are therefore detectable after a single dose, some diminish on repeated dosing, whereas others increase in magnitude and therefore can be missed or underestimated in single-dose safety pharmacology studies. Functional measurements can be incorporated into repeat-dose toxicity studies, either routinely or on an ad hoc basis. Drivers for this are both scientific (see above), and regulatory (e.g., ICH S6, S7, S9). There are inherent challenges in achieving this: the availability of suitable technical and scientific expertise in the test facility; unsuitable laboratory conditions; use of simultaneous (as opposed to staggered) dosing; requirement for toxicokinetic sampling; unsuitability of certain techniques (e.g., use of anaesthesia; surgical implantation; food restriction); equipment availability at close proximity; sensitivity of the methods to detect small, clinically relevant, changes. Nonetheless, ‘fit-for-purpose’ data can still be acquired without requiring additional animals. Examples include assessment of behaviour, sensorimotor, visual, and autonomic functions, ambulatory ECG and blood pressure, echocardiography, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions. This is entirely achievable if functional measurements are relatively unobtrusive, both with respect to the animals and to the toxicology study itself. Careful pharmacological validation of any methods used, and establishing their detection sensitivity, is vital to ensure the credibility of generated data.
A series of Fe-doped Na2Mn3-xFex(P2O7)2 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) compounds have been successfully prepared by using sol-gel method. Rietveld refinement results indicate that single phase Na2Mn3-xFex(P2O7)2 with triclinic structure can be obtained within 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 although no Na2Fe3(P2O7)2 existing under our experimental conditions, and the cell parameters (including a, b, c and V) are decreasing with the increasing of x. Our results reveal that Na2Mn3(P2O7)2 exhibits an electrochemical activity in the voltage range of 1.5 V–4.5 V vs. Na+/Na when using as the cathode material for SIBs although it gives a limited rate capability and poor capacity retention. However, the electrochemical performance of Fe-doped Na2Mn3-xFex(P2O7)2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) can be improved significantly where cycle performance and rate capability can be improved significantly than that of the pristine one. Sodium ion diffusion coefficient can be increased by about two orders of magnitude with the Fe-doping content higher than x = 0.5.
CD36 is known to be an orosensory receptor for dietary long-chain fatty acids, as well as being involved in the chemosensory mechanisms within the human gut. Recent data have demonstrated an association between CD36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lipid consumption behaviours in humans. This study aimed to test for associations between CD36 SNPs and response to a high-fat meal in a young healthy Australian cohort. Secondary associations were tested between CD36 gene variants and fasting lipid parameters, body composition, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and measures of oral fat preference.
This contribution presents cost optimisation results from a techno-economic perspective of photovoltaic battery systems. The simulation based optimisation takes into consideration temporal high-resolution consumer load and PV production profiles, technical and economical PV and battery system parameters as well as the regulatory framework in Germany. The results include the cost optimal system configuration under the given framework, the share of self-consumption, degree of autarky, grid feed-in and supply as well as various battery system parameters. The ratio of the installed PV peak power to the useable capacity of the battery was found to have a significant impact on self-consumption, autarky and economic efficiency of the overall system and is one of technical key parameters for a cost-optimised system sizing. The break-even battery system price compared to PV systems without BESS is calculated to approx. 900€/kWh (without BESS support scheme) to 1200€/kWh (with German BESS support scheme). However, the individual taxation of revenues can lower the break-even costs significantly. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis identifies a high sensitivity to regulation frame conditions and support schemes of PV and BESS for cost optimisation. Another key finding is that realistic load and production profiles must be used in order to allow for reliable statements concerning technical parameters and economic feasibility. Otherwise, cost optimisation results might overestimate self-consumption and lead to an incorrect calculation of the total costs.
A facile and eco-friendly approach for the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) as well as copper acetate to prepare Cu2O decorated reduced GO (RGO) has been demonstrated. Herein, an easily available and naturally occurring mango bark (M. indica) extract has been used as the reducing agent instead of hazardous and toxic chemicals. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been performed to confirm the removal of oxygen functional groups from the surface of GO. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs). Morphological characterization was carried out using field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy to confirm the decoration of RGO with Cu2O NPs. The electrocatalytic behaviour of the RGO/Cu2O composite has been carried by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric analysis. It shows the utility of the RGO/Cu2O composite as an electrochemical sensor towards H2O2 detection. The sensitivity and limit of detection for the composite are found to be 7.435μAμM−1 & 42.35nM, respectively. The RGO/Cu2O//RGO asymmetric supercapacitor device shows the specific capacitance (SC) of 195Fg−1 at a current density of 2Ag−1 and energy density of 37.7 Whkg−1 with 79% retention in SC after 5000 charge-discharge cycles.
Solid-state batteries with metallic anodes have attracted great attention due to their high energy density and safety. As an indispensable part of these batteries, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with excellent mechanical strength and non-flammability play a significant role in suppressing the growth of dendrites and eliminating the risk of short circuits, whose development could greatly promote the overall battery performance. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a type of porous crystalline inorganic–organic material, have shown potential for the fabrication of high-performance SSEs, which have become an emerging research direction. Benefiting from the rich porosity, controllable functionality and modularity, MOFs not only offer great opportunities for manipulating the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of SSEs, but also provide ideal platforms for investigating the underlying mechanisms of ion conduction and the structure–property relationships. In this perspective, the development of MOF-based SSEs, which include MOF-incorporated polymer hybrids, ionic liquid-laden MOF hybrids, and neat MOFs as SSEs, is outlined. By discussing the pioneering works, both the opportunities and challenges in each SSE category are presented. Additionally, some design principles for MOFs and MOF-based SSEs, as well as the future directions for further development are provided.
Life history theory is a fruitful source of testable hypotheses about human individual differences. However, this field of study is beset by unresolved debates about basic concepts and methods. One of these controversies concerns the usefulness of instruments that purport to tap a unidimensional life history (LH) factor based on a set of self-reported personality, social, and attitudinal variables. Here, we take a novel approach to analyzing the psychometrics of two variants of the Arizona Life History Battery: the Mini-K and the K-SF-42. Psychological network analysis generates models in which psychological variables (thoughts, feelings, or behaviors) comprise the nodes of a network, while partial correlation coefficients between these variables comprise the edges of the network. Centrality indices (strength, closeness, and betweenness) operationalize each node’s importance based on the pattern of the connections in which that node plays a role. Because childhood environments are hypothesized to influence adult LH, we tested the hypothesis that among the Mini-K items, and the K-SF-42 scales, those that tap relationships with parents are central to the networks (pairwise Markov random fields) constructed from these instruments. In an MTurk sample and an undergraduate sample that completed the Mini-K, and an MTurk sample that completed the K-SF-42, this hypothesis was falsified. Indeed, the “relationships with parents” items were among the most peripheral in all three networks. We propose that network analysis, as an alternative to latent variable modeling, offers considerable potential to test hypotheses about the input-output mappings of specific evolved psychological mechanisms.
This paper extends previous work on the use of maximum length sequences as tools for parameter estimation within electrochemical batteries. An improved technique using a simplified monopolar current pulse excitation strategy allows identification of Randles’ model equivalent circuit values, which can be subsequently employed in state-of-charge and state-of-health algorithms. Within the approach the problems associated with establishing bulk capacitance over a short time period are avoided. Instead, using readily identifiable parameters (surface capacitance, series resistance and charge transfer resistance) comparison of parameters for new and aged batteries is carried out, and a potential indicator for State of Health described. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed technique.
Voltages produced by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) cannot be sustainably increased by linking them in series due to voltage reversal, which substantially reduces stack voltages. It was shown here that MFC voltages can be increased with continuous power production using an electronic circuit containing two sets of multiple capacitors that were alternately charged and discharged (every one second). Capacitors were charged in parallel by the MFCs, but linked in series while discharging to the circuit load (resistor). The parallel charging of the capacitors avoided voltage reversal, while discharging the capacitors in series produced up to 2.5 V with four capacitors. There were negligible energy losses in the circuit compared to 20–40% losses typically obtained with MFCs using DC-DC converters to increase voltage. Coulombic efficiencies were 67% when power was generated via four capacitors, compared to only 38% when individual MFCs were operated with a fixed resistance of 250 Ω. The maximum power produced using the capacitors was not adversely affected by variable performance of the MFCs, showing that power generation can be maintained even if individual MFCs perform differently. Longer capacitor charging and discharging cycles of up to 4 min maintained the average power but increased peak power by up to 2.6 times. These results show that capacitors can be used to easily obtain higher voltages from MFCs, allowing for more useful capture of energy from arrays of MFCs.
NASICON-type LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP) is a representative solid-state electrolyte and promising anode for rechargeable Li batteries. However, the electronic conductivity and specific capacity of LTP anode are encumbered by its massy and sluggish phosphate groups. Herein, vanadium (V) substitution compound LiTi2(P8/9V1/9O4)3 (LTPV) has been synthesized by using a selective vanadic source of Li3VO4 at an adjusted sintering temperature of 700 °C. The PO4 3− radicals partly replaced by VO4 3− radicals are confirmed via XRD refinement, SEM, Raman and infrared spectra. The electronic conductivity of LTPV is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the undoped one, and meanwhile the charge-transfer impedance observably decreases after V substitution. More importantly, the V5+ cations are electrochemical active in LTPV and contribute additional capacity during discharge and recharge processes. Benefitted from the increased electronic conductivity and the reduced charge-transfer impedance, the rate performance of LTPV is also distinctly improved when compared with the pristine LTP.
Recent advances in technologies for the decentralized, islanded ammonia economy are reviewed, with an emphasis on feasibility for long-term practical implementation. The emphasis in this review is on storage systems in the size range of 1–10 MW. Alternatives for hydrogen production, nitrogen production, ammonia synthesis, ammonia separation, ammonia storage, and ammonia combustion are compared and evaluated. A conceptual process design, based on the optimization of temperature and pressure levels of existing and recently proposed technologies, is presented for an islanded ammonia energy system. This process design consists of wind turbines and solar panels for electricity generation, a battery for short-term energy storage, an electrolyzer for hydrogen production, a pressure swing adsorption unit for nitrogen production, a novel ruthenium-based catalyst for ammonia synthesis, a supported metal halide for ammonia separation and storage, and an ammonia fueled, proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell for electricity generation. In a generic location in northern Europe, it is possible to operate the islanded energy system at a round-trip efficiency of 61% and at a cost of about 0.30–0.35 € kWh−1.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a potential method for enhanced water and waste treatment, which offer the additional benefit of energy generation. Manganese oxide was prepared by a simple chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate. Carbon-supported manganese oxide nanoparticles were successfully characterised as cathode materials for MFCs. The manganese oxide particles when used in a two-chamber MFC, using inoculum from an anaerobically digested sewage sludge, were found to exhibit similar oxygen reduction performance to that in separate electrochemical tests. MFC tests were conducted in a simple two chamber cell using aqueous air-saturated catholytes separated from the anode chamber by a Nafion membrane. MFC peak power densities were ca. 161 mW m−2 for MnOx/C compared to 193 mW m−2 for a benchmark Pt/C, in neutral solution at room temperature. The catalyst materials demonstrated good stability in the 7.0–10.0 pH range. Theoretical (IR free) peak power densities were 937 mW m−2 for MnOx/C compared with 1037 mW m−2 for Pt/C in the same experimental conditions: showing the MFCs performances can easily be improved by using more favourable conditions (more conductive electrolyte, improved cathode catalyst etc.). Our studies indicated that the use of our low cost MnOx/C catalysts is of potential interest for the future application of MFC systems.
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons specifically project axons to central and peripheral targets according to their sensory modality. The Runt-related genes Runx1 and Runx3 are expressed in DRG neuronal subpopulations, suggesting that they may regulate the trajectories of specific axons. Here we report that Runx3-deficient (Runx3−/−) mice displayed severe motor discoordination and that few DRG neurons synthesized the proprioceptive neuronal marker parvalbumin. Proprioceptive afferent axons failed to project to their targets in the spinal cord as well as those in the muscle. NT-3-responsive Runx3−/− DRG neurons showed less neurite outgrowth in vitro. However, we found no changes in the fate specification of Runx3−/− DRG neurons or in the number of DRG neurons that expressed trkC. Our data demonstrate that Runx3 is critical in regulating the axonal projections of a specific subpopulation of DRG neurons.
was Head of the Competence Center E-Mobility at Edag Engineering GmbH in Fulda (Germany).
Copper and silver are antimicrobial metals, on whose surface bacteria do not grow. As our paper demonstrates, this commonly reported antimicrobial property does not apply to electrochemically active, electrode respiring bacteria. These bacteria readily colonize the surface of these metals, forming a highly active biofilm. Average anodic current densities of 1.1 mA cm−2 (silver) and 1.5 mA cm−2 (copper) are achieved – data that are comparable to that of the benchmark material, graphite (1.0 mA cm−2). Beside the above metals, nickel, cobalt, titanium and stainless steel (SUS 304) were systematically studied towards their suitability as anode materials for microbial fuel cells and related bioelectrochemical systems. The bioelectrochemical data are put in relation to physical data of the materials (specific conductivity, standard potential) and to basic economic considerations. It is concluded that especially copper represents a highly promising anode material, suitable for application in high-performance bioelectrochemical systems.
The discharge characteristics of manganese dioxide (MnO2) cathode in the presence of small amounts (1, 3 and 5wt.%) of TiS2 additive has been investigated in an alkaline cell using aqueous lithium hydroxide as the electrolyte. The incorporation of small amounts of TiS2 additives into MnO2 was found to improve the battery discharge capacity from 150 to 270mAh/g. However, increasing the additive from 3 to 5wt.% causes a decrease in the discharge capacity. Hence, the objective is to gain insight into the role of TiS2 on the discharge characteristics of MnO2 and its mechanism. For this purpose, we have used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques.