batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Ingestion of foreign bodies and food impaction represent the second most common endoscopic emergency after bleeding. The aim of this paper is to report the management and the outcomes in 67 patients admitted for suspected ingestion of foreign body between December 2012 and December 2014.
A comprehensive study has been performed to develop blended additive formulations based on organic and inorganic compounds to prevent the precipitation of supersaturated V(V) species in the Vanadium Flow Battery at high temperatures around 50 °C. It was found that organic formulations are oxidized by the strong oxidizing effect of V(V) species and are hence ineffective. The inorganic additive formulation KS11 which consists of 1 wt% of K3PO4 + 1 wt% of SHMP appears to be very effective with a vanadium solution of composition 3.5 M V(V) in total sulphate/bisulphate concentration of 5.7 M up to a temperature of 40 °C. The phosphate ions (PO4 3−) released from K3PO4 and PO3 − ions from SHMP (NaPO3)6 are believed to adsorb onto the nucleating ions, thus inhibiting the precipitation of scale forming species, or adsorption onto the growing crystals, deforming and/or inhibiting further formation of vanadium crystals. Although the electrochemical activity of 3.5 M V solutions was unaffected in the presence of the KS11, increasing vanadium concentration above 3.5 M and total sulphate/bisulphate concentration above 6 M is probably increasing the formation of electrochemically inactive complexes of vanadium-sulphate and polyvanadic species. This results in increased solution viscosity and subsequently reduces the electrochemical activity exponentially.
Convergent evolution of echinoderm pluteus larva was examined from the standpoint of functional evolution of a transcription factor Ets1/2. In sea urchins, Ets1/2 plays a central role in the differentiation of larval skeletogenic mesenchyme cells. In addition, Ets1/2 is suggested to be involved in adult skeletogenesis. Conversely, in starfish, although no skeletogenic cells differentiate during larval development, Ets1/2 is also expressed in the larval mesoderm. Here, we confirmed that the starfish Ets1/2 is indispensable for the differentiation of the larval mesoderm. This result led us to assume that, in the common ancestors of echinoderms, Ets1/2 activates the transcription of distinct gene sets, one for the differentiation of the larval mesoderm and the other for the development of the adult skeleton. Thus, the acquisition of the larval skeleton involved target switching of Ets1/2. Specifically, in the sea urchin lineage, Ets1/2 activated a downstream target gene set for skeletogenesis during larval development in addition to a mesoderm target set. We examined whether this heterochronic activation of the skeletogenic target set was achieved by the molecular evolution of the Ets1/2 transcription factor itself. We tested whether starfish Ets1/2 induced skeletogenesis when injected into sea urchin eggs. We found that, in addition to ectopic induction of mesenchyme cells, starfish Ets1/2 can activate some parts of the skeletogenic pathway in these mesenchyme cells. Thus, we suggest that the nature of the transcription factor Ets1/2 did not change, but rather that some unidentified co-factor(s) for Ets1/2 may distinguish between targets for the larval mesoderm and for skeletogenesis. Identification of the co-factor(s) will be key to understanding the molecular evolution underlying the evolution of the pluteus larvae.
Patients with moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) are known to have an increased risk of impaired executive function (dysexecutive cognitive syndrome (DCS)). Numbers of moyamoya patients with DCS vary strongly in the literature; evidence of a correlation to affected vascular territories is low. This study aims to identify cognitive impairment in adult moyamoya patients and to correlate findings with imaging results. In addition, the predictive value of individual tests for the identification of DCS was analyzed. Neuropsychological test data of 41 adult moyamoya patients was analyzed for a possible correlation with territorial hypoperfusion on H215O PET with acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge (cerebrovascular reserve—CVR) and infarction patterns observed in MRI. Each vascular territory was analyzed separately and correlated to neuropsychological test results and to the presence of DCS. In total, 41.5% of patients presented with DCS. Significant association of DCS and affection of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was seen for insufficient CVR in PET (p = 0.030) and for patients with infarctions seen in MRI (p = 0.014). Analysis of individual neuropsychological test results confirmed the main association with the right MCA territory, as well as some association with the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory. Analysis of a subgroup of patients with chronic disease on MRI (presence of large post-infarction gliosis and brain atrophy in affected territories) revealed a significantly higher risk for DCS (85% affected) than non-chronic patients (21% affected) (p < 0.001). Analysis of neuropsychological test data in this moyamoya cohort reveals DCS in 41.5% of all patients. Correlation between DCS and an impairment of CVR seen in PET and/or infarctions seen in MRI was significant for the right MCA territory. Patients with chronic disease had a significantly higher risk for DCS than non-chronic patients (p < 0.001).
Accelerated aging at elevated temperature is commonly used to test lithium-ion battery lifetime, but the effect of an elevated temperature is still not well understood. If aging at elevated temperature would only be faster, but in all other respects equivalent to aging at ambient temperature, cells aged to end-of-life (EOL) at different temperatures would be very similar. The present study compares graphite/LiFePO4-based cells either cycle- or calendar-aged to EOL at 22 °C and 55 °C. Cells cycled at the two temperatures show differences in electrochemical impedance spectra as well as in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. These results show that lithium-ion cell aging is a complex set of processes. At elevated temperature, the aging is accelerated in process-specific ways. Furthermore, the XPS results of cycle-aged samples indicate increased deposition of oxygenated LiPF6 decomposition products in both the negative and positive electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The decomposition seems more pronounced at elevated temperature, and largely accelerated by cycling, which could contribute to the observed cell impedance increase.
We aimed to determine the reliability and validity of a hepatitis symptom inventory and to identify predictors of hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation in a cohort of HIV-infected patients.
Background Given the well-known relation between intelligence and school achievement we expect children with normal intelligence to perform well at school and those with intelligence deficits to meet learning problems. But, contrary to these expectations, some children do not perform according to these predictions: children with normal intelligence but sub-average school achievement and children with lower intelligence but average success at school. Yet, it is an open question how the unexpected failure or success can be explained. Aims This study examined the role of working memory sensu Baddeley (1986) for school achievement, especially for unexpected failure or success. Method and procedures An extensive working memory battery with a total of 14 tasks for the phonological loop, the visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive skills was presented in individual sessions to four groups of children differing in IQ (normal vs. low) and school success (good vs. poor). Outcomes and results Results reveal that children with sub-average school achievement showed deficits in working memory functioning, irrespective of intelligence. By contrast, children with regular school achievement did not show deficits in working memory, again irrespective of intelligence. Conclusions and implications Therefore working memory should be considered an important predictor of academic success that can lead both to unexpected overachievement and failure at school. Individual working memory competencies should be taken into account with regard to diagnosis and intervention for children with learning problems.
The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.
A potential-sensitive separator is prepared by incorporating an electroactive poly (4-methoxytriphenylamine) (PMOTPA) into the micropores of a commercial porous polyolefin film and tested as an internal voltage control device for overcharge protection of LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 lithium ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrate that the PMOTPA polymer embedded in the separator can be electrochemically p-doped at overcharged voltages into an electrically conductive state, producing an internal conducting bypass for shunting the charge current to maintain the charge voltage of LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 cells at a safety value less than 2.6V, thus protecting the cell from voltage runaway. Since this type of the separators works reversibly and has no any discernable impact on the battery performances, it may offer a self-protection mechanism for development of safer lithium ion batteries.
High energy density, nickel (Ni)-rich, layered LiNi x Mn y Co z O2 (NMC, x ≥ 0.6) materials are promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, several technical challenges, such as fast capacity fading and high voltage instability, hinder their large-scale application. Herein, we identified an optimum calcining temperature range for the Ni-rich cathode LiNi0.76Mn0.14Co0.10O2 (NMC76). NMC76 calcined at 750–775 °C exhibits a high discharge capacity (~215 mAh g−1 when charged to 4.5 V) and retains ca. 79% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles. It also exhibits an excellent high-rate capability, delivering a capacity of more than 160 mAh g−1 even at a 10 C rate. The high performance of NMC76 is directly related to the optimized size of its primary particles (100–300 nm) (which constitute the spherical secondary particles of >10 µm) and cation mixing. Higher calcination temperature (≥800 °C) leads to rapid increase of primary particle size, poor cycling stability, and inferior rate capability of NMC76 due to severe micro-strain and -crack formation upon repeated lithium-ion de/intercalations. Therefore, NMC76 calcined at 750–775 °C is a very good candidate for the next generation of Li ion batteries.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the incidence and prevalence of a variety of neurologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis. However, available studies to date have not provided convincing evidence that vitamin D treatment improves fatigue and life quality in patients with multiple sclerosis.
During the past few decades, substantial efforts have been made to explore high-performance electrocatalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics at the cathode. Among multifarious approaches, it has been demonstrated that alloying Pt nanocrystals with transition metals and introducing Pt-based nanocrystals with high-index facets have been recognized as effective strategies to facilitate the enhancement of oxygen reduction reaction performance. However, the current synthetic approach for preparing catalysts with high-index facets is complicated. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward one-step method to synthesize three-dimensional flower-like high-index faceted PtNi alloy nanocrystals constituted by abundant nano-cones similar to the quadrihedron. The as-prepared catalyst exhibits remarkably improved catalytic performance in comparison with PtNi-1, PtNi-2 and Pt/C, which is ascribed to a great number of high-index facets and highly open hierarchical structure. The resultant high-index faceted PtNi alloy nanocrystals deliver excellent mass activity of 1.76 A mg−1. Meanwhile, the material also displays a great stability after 20000 potential cycles. Consequently, the methodology proposed in this work may provide some guidance to boost the improvement of oxygen reduction reaction, and the 3D flower-like high-index faceted PtNi alloy nanocrystals have a great potential to be turned into effective cathode catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
In this study, we have improved the capacitance of carbon based graphene oxide (GO) and metal oxide based manganese oxide (Mn3O4) thin films by preparing thin films of GO/Mn3O4 composite using simple and inexpensive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. These prepared films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and BET techniques. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of GO, Mn3O4 and GO/Mn3O4 composite thin films and the FTIR studies disclose the characteristic chemical bonding between the respective materials. Furthermore, Raman measurements confirm the formation of GO and GO/Mn3O4 composite thin films. The SEM images demonstrate that the surface structure of GO and Mn3O4 thin films can be easily tuned by forming the composite of GO and Mn3O4 materials leading to excellent processability of a system. The surface area of GO/Mn3O4 composite (94m2 g−1) is measured by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The supercapacitive behaviors of different electrodes are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques in 1M Na2SO4. The specific capacitance of 344Fg−1 is achieved for GO/Mn3O4 composite electrode at a scan rate of 5mVs−1. In addition, impedance measurements of the GO, Mn3O4 and GO/Mn3O4 electrodes are executed proposing that the GO/Mn3O4 composite electrodes are promising materials for supercapacitor application.
The analysis of transcriptional levels of the genes involved in protein synthesis and secretion is a key factor to understand the host organism's responses to recombinant protein production, as well as their interaction with the cultivation conditions. Novel techniques such as the sandwich hybridization allow monitoring quantitatively the dynamic changes of specific RNAs. In this study, the transcriptional levels of some genes related to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and central metabolism of Pichia pastoris were analysed during batch and fed-batch cultivations using an X-33-derived strain expressing a Rhizopus oryzae lipase under control of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase promoter (FLD1), namely the alcohol oxidase gene AOX1, the formaldehyde dehydrogenase FLD1, the protein disulfide isomerase PDI, the KAR2 gene coding for the BiP chaperone, the 26S rRNA and the R. oryzae lipase gene ROL.
Caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) was recently characterized as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The cse-2 loss-of-function mutant shows a typical phenotype of lignin-deficient mutants, including collapsed vessels, reduced lignin content, and lignin compositional shift, in addition to a fourfold increase in cellulose-to-glucose conversion when compared to the wild type. However, this mutant exhibits a substantial developmental arrest, which might outweigh the gains in fermentable sugar yield. To restore its normal growth and further improve its saccharification yield, we investigated a possible cause for the yield penalty of the cse-2 mutant. Furthermore, we evaluated whether CSE expression is under the same multi-leveled transcriptional regulatory network as other lignin biosynthetic genes and analyzed the transcriptional responses of the phenylpropanoid pathway upon disruption of CSE.
The morphology and ion transport characteristics of polyaniline (PANI) films on a platinum electrode were investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy method (SECM). An ultramicroelectrode (UME) tip was positioned close to the surface of a PANI-modified substrate electrode, and the current signal at the tip and substrate electrodes, during a substrate potential step or linear sweep were monitored simultaneously. Proton transport occurred on the PANI film at a pH of 6 during the first and second redox cycles of PANI was monitored at this pH. The chemical reaction pathway of PANI as a function of substrate potential was analyzed. Different species of degradation products were detected electrochemically at the SECM tip. Benzoquinone (BQ) was found to be the major product of anodic degradation of PANI. Chemical imaging of the anodic degradation of PANI was performed by SECM during applying different potential steps to the PANI. The anodic threshold of 0.75V was suggested as the potential at which degradation of PANI begins.
The influence of the polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) Poly(diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide) (PDADMATFSI) on the lithium dynamics was investigated in a ternary gel polymer electrolyte consisting of PDADMATFSI as stabilizing polymer, ionic liquid (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, P14TFSI) and lithium salt (lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, LiTFSI). The diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions is investigated by pulsed-field-gradient NMR, the conductivity of the electrolyte is determined by impedance spectroscopy. The local lithium dynamics is characterized by 7Li spin lattice relaxation rates (R1). The relaxation rates are well described by Blombergen-Purcell-Pound (BPP) theory at all polymer concentrations (up to 45mol%), implying that the Li dynamics is governed by one single motional mode. Interestingly, activation energies for this motion decrease from 20kJ/mol to 15kJ/mol with increasing polymer content and are independent on the salt content. We thus conclude that the polymer is interacting with the anion coordination shell, which is accompanied by a very beneficial effect on the local lithium dynamics, as the polymer PDADMATFSI reduces the Li-TFSI interactions. This result is promising for further investigations for potential use of PDADMATFSI-containing gels as electrolytes in energy storage devices.
This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis based on data from a real Smart polygeneration microgrid (SPM), designed to satisfy energy demands of the university campus of Savona (Italy). The plant is made up of different cogenerative generators (micro gas turbines and an internal combustion engine), renewable generators and two auxiliary boilers (one of them is off during the most of the time): the generators are “distributed” around the campus and coupled to electrical and thermal storages. Since several cogenerative units are included in the grid, the integration of the different storage systems is relevant in order to determine the best management strategy, following both thermal and electrical requests and taking into proper account the strong difference between the two energy demand profiles. The thermo-economic analysis is performed exploiting the software W-ECoMP, developed by the authors’ research group, in order to find the best operational strategy, considering the importance of an appropriate storage system to manage the polygenerative energy district; attention is paid to the integration and combination of three different kinds of storage (hot and cold water tanks and electrical battery). Different scenarios are presented, combining the storages and showing their impact in terms of money savings and reduction of electrical energy purchasing from the National grid. Both the grid connected mode and island mode of operation of the SPM are considered. The analysis is performed considering the time dependent nature of the energy demands throughout the whole year and implementing the experimental off-design curves of the real devices installed in the grid.
Energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming one of the most important components that noticeably change overall system performance in various applications, ranging from the power grid infrastructure to electric vehicles (EV) and portable electronics. However, a homogeneous ESS is subject to limited characteristics in terms of cost, efficiency, lifetime, etc., by the energy storage technology that comprises the ESS. On the other hand, hybrid ESS (HESS) are a viable solution for a practical ESS with currently available technologies as they have potential to overcome such limitations by exploiting only advantages of heterogeneous energy storage technologies while hiding their drawbacks. However, the HESS concept basically mandates sophisticated design and control to actually make the benefits happen. The HESS architecture should be able to provide controllability of many parts, which are often fixed in homogeneous ESS, and novel management policies should be able to utilize the control features. This paper introduces a complete design practice of a HESS prototype to demonstrate scalability, flexibility, and energy efficiency. It is composed of three heterogenous energy storage elements: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. We demonstrate a novel system control methodology and enhanced energy efficiency through this design practice.
Addition of 0.5 wt % ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid based sodium salt (Na2EDTA) chelating agent to lead-acid battery (LAB) electrolyte improves the conductance, reduces significantly the battery formation time from 3 cycles to 1 cycle due to decrease in hard sulfation, increases C rate performances (>20% increase in capacity at > 3C rates), and cycling efficiency of the battery. We present here the electrochemical performance of the conventional and corresponding Na2EDTA additive lead-acid cells by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, I-V characteristics, cyclic voltammetry and surface chemical aspects by using electrochemical impedance, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the morphology of PbSO4 layer and particle size changes from spherical to rod like morphology under the influence of Na2EDTA chelating agent. In overall, addition of Na2EDTA chelating agent enhances charge acceptance, 10–20% improvement in discharge capacity and cycle life of the lead acid batteries. The superior electrochemical performance is owing to the dissociation of PbSO4 in the presence of Na2EDTA chelating agent.
SnO2-coated multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SnO2/MWCNT composites, when combined with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder, show excellent cyclic retention, with the high specific capacity of 473mAhg−1 beyond 100 cycles, much greater than that of the bare SnO2 which was also prepared by the hydrothermal method in the absence of MWCNTs. The enhanced capacity retention could be mainly attributed to good dispersion of the tin dioxide particles in the matrix of MWCNTs, which protected the particles from agglomeration during the cycling process. Furthermore, the usage of CMC as a binder is responsible for the low cost and environmental friendliness of the whole electrode fabrication process.