batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Most of the bifunctional, non-noble metal oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable metal-air batteries are based on transition metal oxides. Recent studies on metal phosphates have revealed their potential as another class of oxygen electrocatalysts. Among the metal phosphates Co3(PO4)2 has demonstrated fairly good activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the performance of native Co3(PO4)2 as a bifunctional oxygen catalyst is inferior to that of the noble metal catalysts. In this study we found out that the inadequacy of Co3(PO4)2 could be ameliorated by integrating it with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. The oxygen bifunctionality as measured by the potential difference (ΔE) between OER and ORR in alkaline solution can be lowered to 0.86V for an optimized catalyst, which even surpasses the performance of a 20wt% Ir/C benchmark catalyst (0.93V); making it one of the best non-noble metal oxygen electrocatalysts. The good bifunctional performance may be attributed to the strong coupling between the Co3(PO4)2 submicroparticles and the RGO nanosheets which synergizes the oxygen activity of Co3(PO4)2 with the (electron) transport properties of RGO. The experimental results also suggest that Co3(PO4)2 is more active than the popular CoOx catalysts since the performance degradation in OER and ORR was found to correlate positively with the in-situ transformation of surface Co3(PO4)2 to CoOx.
Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) face a significant symptom burden. Little is known about the frequency and severity of symptoms over time, so we longitudinally characterized patients’ symptoms using the Patient Care Monitor (PCM) version 2.0, an electronic symptom-assessment tool.
This work provides a new strategy for using the combined effect of coating-CaF2 and La-doping to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich layer material. Here, La-doping in metal transition(MT) layer is employed to block the migration channel of TM ions and stabilize the crystal structure, and coating-CaF2 on the surface of lithium-rich layer oxide material is employed to retard the side reaction between active material and electrolyte. Benefiting from the combined effect of coating-CaF2 and La-doping, CaF2 coated Li1.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13La0.02O2 exhibits excellent cycling performance and voltage stability. CaF2 coated Li1.2Mn0.52Ni0.13Co0.13La0.02O2 delivers the initial discharge capacity of 227.1 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C. After 100 cycles, its retention of discharge capacity is 93.9%, and its voltage decay is only 0.203 V. This connecting mechanism of coating and doping, which can avoid the insufficient of single coating or single doping, is very helpful to develop effective strategies for the modification of Li-rich oxide materials.
A growing body of anecdotal evidence indicates that the use of robots may provide unique opportunities for assisting children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous studies investigating the effects of interventions using robots on joint attention (JA) in children with ASD have shown insufficient results. The robots used in these studies could not turn their eyes, which was a limitation preventing the robot from resembling a human agent.
The current study showed that visual fixation of obstacles is not required for rapid and adaptive navigation of obstacles. Children and adults wore a wireless, head-mounted eye-tracker during a visual search task in a room cluttered with obstacles. They spontaneously walked, jumped, and ran through the room, stepping up, down, and over obstacles. Both children and adults navigated adaptively without fixating obstacles, however, adults fixated less often than children. We discuss several possibilities for why obstacle navigation may shift from foveal to peripheral control over development.
In this paper, a study is carried out to evaluate the annual thermal and exergy performance of a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) and earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) system, integrated with a greenhouse, located at IIT Delhi, India, for different climatic conditions of Srinagar, Mumbai, Jodhpur, New Delhi and Bangalore. A comparison is made of various energy metrics, such as energy payback time (EPBT), electricity production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the system by considering four weather conditions (a–d type) for five climatic zones. The embodied energy and annual energy outputs have been used for evaluation of the energy metrics. The annual overall thermal energy, annual electrical energy savings and annual exergy was found to be best for the climatic condition of Jodhpur at 29,156.8kWh, 1185kWh and 1366.4kWh, respectively when compared with other weather stations covered in the study, due to higher solar intensity I and sunshine hours, and is lowest for Srinagar station. The results also showed that energy payback time for Jodhpur station is lowest at 16.7years and highest for Srinagar station at 21.6years. Electricity production factor (EPF) is highest for Jodhpur, i.e. 2.04 and Life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) is highest for Srinagar station. It is also observed that LCCE increases with increase in life cycle.
The total energy storage system cost is determined by means of a robust performance-based cost model for multiple flow battery chemistries. Systems aspects such as shunt current losses, pumping losses and various flow patterns through electrodes are accounted for. The system cost minimizing objective function determines stack design by optimizing the state of charge operating range, along with current density and current-normalized flow. The model cost estimates are validated using 2-kW stack performance data for the same size electrodes and operating conditions. Using our validated tool, it has been demonstrated that an optimized all-vanadium system has an estimated system cost of < $350 kWh-1 for 4-h application. With an anticipated decrease in component costs facilitated by economies of scale from larger production volumes, coupled with performance improvements enabled by technology development, the system cost is expected to decrease to 160 kWh-1 for a 4-h application, and to $100 kWh-1 for a 10-h application. This tool has been shared with the redox flow battery community to enable cost estimation using their stack data and guide future direction.
Developing high energy storage lithium ion batteries (LIBs) using manganese oxides as anodes is an attractive challenge due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant resources. However, the manganese oxides anodes still suffer from the low initial Coulombic efficiency and poor rate performance. Herein, we demonstrate that nano-sized morphological engineering is a facile and effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of the manganese dioxide (MnO2) for LIBs. The tailored MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit high reversible capacity (1095 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), high initial Coulombic efficiency (94.5%) and good rate capability (464 mAh g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance of MnO2 NPs can be attributed to the presences of numerous electrochemically active sites and interspaces among the NPs.
A large-size, bipolar-stacked and high-safety solid-state lithium battery with integrated electrolyte and cathode is fabricated conveniently via solvent-free UV-cure. Firstly, a series of new solid polymer electrolytes are synthesized through UV-cure, and exhibit a maximum conductivity of 1.29 × 10−4 S cm−1 (60 °C), a wide electrochemical window (0–5.1 V) and excellent compatibility with Li. Secondly, solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell with integrated electrolyte and electrode is fabricated and delivers a high capacity of 113.3 mAh g−1 after the 100th cycle, and the capacity retention is 90.2%. The outstanding cell performance is ascribed to the integrated electrolyte/cathode design which is beneficial for the interfacial impedance decreasing. Finally, a 5 cm × 8 cm size battery with integrated electrolyte/cathode is assembled conveniently, and it presents the 80.55% retention of discharge capacity at the 200th cycle and high-safety. It can be well work under the conditions of bending, cutting, on the fire and even after nail penetration. Remarkably, the bipolar-stacked battery is also fabricated, and the open circuit voltage is as high as 6.33 V. Consequently, this work develops a series of new solid polymer electrolytes and proposes an advanced cell construction design for solid-state lithium batteries which is very suitable for the large-scale preparation.
Axial motor signs—including gait impairment, postural instability and postural abnormalities—are common and debilitating symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Dopamine replacement therapy and physiotherapy provide, at best, partial relief from axial motor symptoms. In carefully selected candidates, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus is an established treatment for 'appendicular' motor signs (limb tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity). However, the effects of DBS on axial signs are much less clear, presumably because motor control of axial and appendicular functions is mediated by different anatomical–functional pathways. Here, we discuss the successes and failures of DBS in managing axial motor signs. We systematically address a series of common clinical questions associated with the preoperative phase, during which patients presenting with prominent axial signs are considered for DBS implantation surgery, and the postoperative phase, in particular, the management of axial motor signs that newly develop as postoperative complications, either acutely or with a delay. We also address the possible merits of new targets—including the pedunculopontine nucleus area, zona incerta and substantia nigra pars reticulata—to specifically alleviate axial symptoms. Supported by a rapidly growing body of evidence, this practically oriented Review aims to support decision-making in the management of axial symptoms.
The kinetics of the angular movement of a triple-layer muscle working potentiostatically under different temperatures allowed the obtention of both the activation energy and the molar enthalpy of the process. By compaction of a polypyrrole film under constant temperature and at a constant cathodic potential, followed by a subsequent oxidation at a constant anodic potential under different temperatures, the molar enthalpy was obtained by application of the ESCR model. Similar results, 27.1 kJ/mol, from muscles, versus 27.7 kJ/mol, from relaxation experiments, were obtained.
In this work, an economical route based on hydrothermal and layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly processes has been developed to synthesize unique Al2O3-modified LiV3O8 nanosheets, comprising a core of LiV3O8 nanosheets and a thin Al2O3 nanolayer. The thickness of the Al2O3 nanolayer can be tuned by altering the LBL cycles. When evaluated for their lithium-storage properties, the 1 LBL Al2O3-modified LiV3O8 nanosheets exhibit a high discharge capacity of 191 mA h g−1 at 300 mA g−1 (1C) over 200 cycles and excellent rate capability, demonstrating that enhanced physical and/or chemical properties can be achieved through proper surface modification.
Electrochemical characteristics of m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) based composite cathode materials involving compounds such as AgCl, TiO2, HgO and CuCl have been investigated and (Mg AZ31 alloy anode) as an activated battery system using 2
The next generation energy demands require to address the alternative energy resources and as well the energy storage technologies. The electrochemical supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries prove to be attractive devices to overcome the faced community challenges. There is a need to develop an innovative material owing high surface area with higher electrical & ionic conductivity and low diffusion distance for electrochemical energy storage electrodes. To this end, a unique electrode material is developed with these admirable properties for energy storage applications towards both directions such as, electrochemical supercapacitors and an anode material for lithium ion batteries. Nanostructured materials based on metallic binary oxides of cobalt and iron embedded in porous carbon lawn with inherent nitrogen doping are synthesized by dry-chemistry calcined process. The success of synthesis is later proved by materials characterizations. The magnetic nature of present electrode material with correlation of crystallite and morphological analysis revealed the signs of their excellence in energy storage behaviour. The testing of electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries depicted enhance performance with durable and long-run recycled capabilities.
Objective and subjective cognitive measures were evaluated in 401 patients before and 3 and 6 months after introducing levetiracetam (LEV). Initially, cognitive impairment was indicated in 37–44% of the patients, and subjective impairments in 32–67%. With LEV, 87% of untreated patients changed to monotherapy, and 94% changed from mono- to polytherapy. The rate of retention of LEV was 97%; adverse events were reported by 7%. Under LEV, 36% achieved early seizure control, 25% achieved late seizure control, 33% continued to have seizures, and 7% had a relapse. Very good tolerance was reported by 68%, and cognitive improvement by 58%. Objective improvement was significant in 23–29% of the patients; 5–6% deteriorated. Better baseline scores, later-onset epilepsies, fewer initial antiepileptic drugs, and seizure control were predictive of a better cognitive outcome. Considering the uncontrolled study design and the increase in total drug load, LEV appeared safe and efficacious, and a general subjective and objective cognitive improvement could be noted. However, a controlled study design would be required to attribute these improvements to a specific drug action.
Accurate estimation of the State of Power (SoP) can ensure safe and efficient operation of Lithium-ion batteries in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). The cell-to-cell variation within a battery pack is a major challenge towards accurate estimation of the SoP, particularly when the cells get aged. This paper presents a hybrid model predictive and fuzzy logic based control system to accurately estimate the SoP for series-connected Lithium-ion cells. The estimation strategy consists of two steps; the power capability for a single new cell is first reckoned under the light of the model predictive control algorithm. The second step is devoted to designation of a model-less fuzzy logic based control system to compensate for the concurrent aging state and State of Charge (SoC) differences among the cells. Accordingly, the present approach only utilizes the actual values of current and cell voltages together with the Electric Circuit Model (ECM) parameters of the new cell, which are identified off-line. Moreover, it benefits from a closed-loop framework which ends in an accurate and reliable SoP estimation. An experimental setup consisting of fresh and aged LiFePO4 cell samples is designed and the extracted data are utilized to verify the proposed estimation method in a feed-forward simulation model for a HEV. The results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the pack SoP accurately while the safe operation for the cells is guaranteed.
We investigated the interrelation between cognitive and motor development and the role of the cerebellum in this relationship by examining performance in each of these domains in 15 children with injury to the cerebellum following tumour before 5 years of age and 242 typically developing control children aged 4–11 years. Each child was given a comprehensive standardised battery of cognitive and motor tests. Results showed depressed levels of performance for the cerebellar patients across both domains at the group level but considerable variation in individual profiles. However, a significant, positive correlation between cognitive and motor skill was found for both the patient and control group, suggesting these domains are developmentally linked. In addition, the effects of several potential moderating variables were explored. Results showed the most reliable predictors of outcome were age at diagnosis and tumour type/treatment. These results suggest that both cognitive and motor skill can be compromised following tumour in the cerebellum in early childhood leading to delayed, but qualitatively typical, development in both domains.
The optimization of the battery pack in an off-grid Photovoltaic application must consider the minimum sizing that assures the availability of the system under the worst environmental conditions. Thus, it is necessary to predict the evolution of the state of charge of the battery under incomplete daily charging and discharging processes and fluctuating temperatures over day-night cycles. Much of previous development work has been carried out in order to model the short term evolution of battery variables. Many works focus on the on-line parameter estimation of available charge, using standard or advanced estimators, but they are not focused on the development of a model with predictive capabilities. Moreover, normally stable environmental conditions and standard charge-discharge patterns are considered. As the actual cycle-patterns differ from the manufacturer's tests, batteries fail to perform as expected. This paper proposes a novel methodology to model these issues, with predictive capabilities to estimate the remaining charge in a battery after several solar cycles. A new non-linear state space model is proposed as a basis, and the methodology to feed and train the model is introduced. The new methodology is validated using experimental data, providing only 5% of error at higher temperatures than the nominal one.
A high capacity carbon anode with good cyclability for dry polymer lithium-ion batteries was obtained by the co-addition of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a composite carbon electrode of spherical mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and a lithium ion conducting binder of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with Li(CF3SO2)2N (LiTFSI). An electrode with MCMB, PEO19LiTFSI and VGCF exhibits high reversible capacity of over 330 mAh g−1, but poor cycling performance; the capacity retention was 71% at the 50th cycle. In contrast, the electrode with MCMB, PEO19LiTFSI, VGCF and CNTs has excellent cycling performance with a reversible capacity of ca. 310 mAh g−1 and reversible capacity retention of 97% at the 50th cycle. The thin and long CNTs could be useful to maintain electrical contact in the cathode matrix during the volume change caused by lithium insertion and extraction into or from the MCMB.
Hollingsworth & Vose is rebuilding one of its production lines at the filter media company's Winchcombe, UK manufacturing site.
A maintenance-free, dry calcium (MFDC) developed by the Panasonic Battery (Thailand) Co. Ltd. The battery is designed for automotive applications and is ready for use upon injection of the electrolyte. The MFDC battery employs grids made from a lead–calcium-based alloy. This feature suppresses undesirable loss of electrolyte and enables good recovery of capacity after a long time of storage or a long cycle-life. Moreover, the batteries is a dry-charged type and requires only a low frequency of recharging due to its suppressed self-discharge during storage. Transportation costs are reduced as the battery contains only a small amount of electrolyte during storage.
Despite considerable recent progress in understanding the underlying neurobiology of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) syndromes, relatively little attention has been directed toward the examination of behavioral interventions that may lessen the pervasive communication problems associated with PPA. In this study, we report on an individual with a behavioral profile and cortical atrophy pattern consistent with the logopenic variant of PPA. At roughly two-and-a-half years post onset, his marked lexical retrieval impairment prompted administration of a semantically based intervention to improve word retrieval. The treatment was designed to improve self-directed efforts to engage the participant’s relatively preserved semantic system in order to facilitate word retrieval. His positive response to an intensive (2-week) dose of behavioral treatment was associated with improved lexical retrieval of items within trained categories, and generalized improvement for naming of untrained items that lasted over a 6-month follow-up interval. These findings support the potential value of intensive training to achieve self-directed strategic compensation for lexical retrieval difficulties in logopenic PPA. Additional insight was gained regarding the neural regions that supported improved performance by the administration of a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol before and after treatment. In the context of a picture-naming task, post-treatment fMRI showed increased activation of left dorsolateral prefrontal regions that have been implicated in functional imaging studies of generative naming in healthy individuals. The increased activation in these frontal regions that were not significantly atrophic in our patient (as determined by voxel-based morphometry) is consistent with the notion that neural plasticity can support compensation for specific language loss, even in the context of progressive neuronal degeneration.
N-doped hollow carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) with turbostratic structure are prepared as anode materials for sodium-ion battery. The effects of sodium polyacrylate (Na-PAA) and poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binders on electrochemical performance are comparatively investigated. The obtained N-CNTs have disordered carbon structure and contain N-, O-functional groups, which electrochemical performance strongly depends on the binder used. The N-CNTs electrode with Na-PAA binder exhibits large capacity, high initial coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Compared with the traditional PVDF binder, the water soluble Na-PAA binder shows electrochemical activity, lower internal resistance, and homogeneously formed solid electrolyte interface. Further investigations show that the binding capability of Na-PAA is closely related to the molecular weight. The Na-PAA with moderate molecular weight is more suitable as the binder of sodium-ion batteries with N-CNTs anode.
Thin Co-Mn layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoflakes and Activated carbon (AC) from cork raw material (Quercus Suber) with highly porous structure and good textural properties was synthesized by a facile solvothermal and two-step eco-friendly hydrothermal syntheses routes respectively. A hybrid device was successfully fabricated using Co-Mn LDH as the positive electrode and AC as negative electrode. The device exhibited a high energy density of 20.3W h kg−1 and corresponding power density of up to 435Wkg−1 at 0.5Ag−1 current density in 1M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The device also displayed a very high stability with 99.7% capacitance retention after 10,000 continuous charge-discharge cycles and negligible degradation after subsequently subjecting it to voltage holding test at its maximum operating voltage for 70hours. These results showcase the potential use of this hybrid device as possible electrodes for high energy density supercapacitor application.