batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Prior studies document that managerial overconfidence potentially increases the risk of financial misstatements, and that overconfident managers purchase lower quality audits and pay lower audit fees. As a part of the research that evaluates the information value of managerial characteristics to auditors, our study examines how the relationship between managerial overconfidence and audit fees is impacted by managerial ability, and board and audit committee effectiveness in the post-Sarbanes–Oxley (post-SOX) environment. In general, we find a significantly positive relationship between managerial overconfidence and audit fees consistent with the supply-side risk based perspective of audit pricing. However, this relationship is significantly attenuated in higher managerial ability firms where overconfident managers are better able to make proper accounting estimates and judgements required for producing reliable financial statements, and synthesize firm-specific information into appropriate forward looking projections. We find that on an average, the overconfident firms with higher managerial ability pay 6.3% lower audit fees than the overconfident firms with lower managerial ability. Our analyses further show that board characteristics positively impact the relationship between managerial overconfidence and audit fees, suggesting that stronger board monitoring increases the demand for higher quality audits to mitigate the reporting risk of the overconfident firms. On an average, the firms with managerial overconfidence pay additional 9.3% higher audit fees when they are subject to stronger and more effective board oversight. However, we find weaker evidence on the effect of audit committee characteristics on audit fees of the overconfident firms. Our primary results hold for a battery of supplemental tests including the tests using propensity-score matched sample. The study contributes to audit fee and corporate governance literature, and has useful implications for regulators, accounting practitioners, and auditors.
In this work, we investigate the influence of oxygen non-stoichiometry on the characteristics of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material. Among the investigated samples, the level of Ni/Li disorder in the bulk and the thickness of auto-generated layer on the surface share the same trend as the amount of oxygen loss in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 materials. It indicates that the aforementioned key structural instabilities should be tightly related to the oxygen defects and the induced structural relaxation. As a consequence of structural entirety, the sample with the least defects presents the highest discharge capacity (192.9 mAhg−1 at 0.1C), the best rate capability (160.1 mAhg−1 at 5C), and the most stable cyclibility (89.9% at 200th). Our results demonstrate that oxygen deficiency plays a key role to determine the electrochemical performance of high-nickel cathode materials.
Summary The major aim of this study was to examine the physical fitness of elite Spanish soccer referees in relation to their age. A secondary aim was to assess the population criterion validity of the 12min running test (12 MRT) against aerobic-fitness laboratory tests. Participants were 45 soccer referees (age 35.5±4.4 years, height 178.3±5.0cm, body mass 75.1±6.6kg, body fat 11.3±2.15%, V O 2 max 54.9±3.9mlkg−1 min−1) who were enrolled in the Referees Technical Committee of the Royal Spanish Soccer Federation. They were divided into three age groups: young (Y, 27–32 years, n =15), average (A, 33–38 years, n =17) and old (O, 39–45 years, n =13). No age-related effects were observed for V O 2 max , 12 MRT or 200m sprint performance in either the pooled or grouped data. However, age-related performance decrements were observed for 50m sprint performance and the ventilatory threshold (VT) running speed. Twelve MRT performance was moderately related to V O 2 max (r =0.46, P =0.002), VT (kmh−1) (r =0.49, P <0.001), and peak treadmill velocity (PTV) (r =0.60, P <0.001). The results showed that older elite-level referees may be able to limit the expected age-related performance decrements in both aerobic and anaerobic performance usually reported for sedentary people. Additionally, these results show that older referees are able to reach physical fitness levels that have been suggested to be appropriate for coping with match demands.
A survey was carried out to measure commuters’ exposure to PM2.5, CO, benzene, and the chemical composition of PM2.5 on different routes and modes of transport in Mexico City. PM2.5 (n=62), CO (n=54) and benzene (n=22) are presented from morning (6:30–9:30 a.m.) and evening (17:30–20:30) rush hours on minibuses, buses and Metro (underground or subway system). Three routes were selected from a previous commuters’ exposure study covering some of the most important thoroughfares of the valley. For PM2.5, mass concentration was determined for all the samples. Nitrates, sulphates, inorganic elements and carbon fraction were analysed. CO was sampled using electrochemical sensors and 6-l canisters with flow controller devices were used to collect integrated samples for benzene. Minibuses had a slightly higher geometric mean PM2.5 concentration in the morning than other modes of transport, but the ranking of geometric mean PM2.5 by mode of transport is opposite in the evening and the variability within modes is approximately double the difference between modes. The highest single measurement was a concentration of 137μgm−3 on a bus during an evening rush hour. The main component identified in PM2.5 was carbon. Carbon monoxide levels in this study were approximately 3 times lower than those found in a commuter exposure study conducted in 1991. A strong association was shown between wind speed and PM2.5 exposure in minibuses (r 2=0.50) and buses (r 2=0.54). The relationship between wind speed and CO exposure was strong only in minibuses (r 2=0.52).
This paper discusses a framework (called Radio-Mama) using a FRID technology for real-time management of mobile assets. We decompose an asset management system into atomic or composite business processes (BPs). Triggered by RFID events, the business events are invoked automatically. Data gathering from RFID receivers are used to fill in required parameters specified in the descriptions of the BPs. The main idea behind the framework is a separation of business logic from sensor technologies for gathering data. This separation allows changes of BPs without effects on gathering sensor data and vice versa. We evaluate our approach through the development of a system for asset management called CSCE-AMS which can be thought of as an instance of Radio-Mama. The framework facilitates the rapid development and extension of sensor based systems.
A new class of copolymer electrolytes with tunable network structure is successfully designed and prepared via a facile one-pot reaction. The trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPEG) is cross-linked with poly (ethylene glycol) diamine (NPEG) to create well-defined solid network polymer electrolyte (SNPE). The network structure could be tuned by changing the molar ratio of TMPEG and NPEG or the molecular weight of NPEG. The effects of molecular weight of NPEG and molar ratio of EO/Li+ on the ionic conductivity are systematically investigated. The optimal electrolyte TMPEG-NPEG4K[2:1]-16:1 presents a maximum conductivity of 1.10 × 10−4 S cm−1 under 30 °C, and an 18-fold ionic conductivity enhancement in that of PEO-based electrolyte. Furthermore, it also exhibits wide electrochemical window (0–5.4 V), excellent compatibility with metallic Li, and superior mechanical properties. The all-solid-state lithium batteries LiFePO4/Li are assembled with TMPEG-NPEG4K[2:1]-16:1 electrolyte, and present good cycling and rate performance under 60 °C. The initial discharge specific capacities of the batteries are 161.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 132.7 mAh g−1 at 1 C, and the capacity retention ratio can be retained at 90.6% and 90.5% after 100 cycles. This new copolymer electrolyte may become a promising candidate for applications in all-solid-state lithium battery.
While there is growing evidence that quick recovery from stress is health-protective, relatively little is known about what factors affect recovery rates. We tested whether recovery from anger can be diffused with apologies. 184 participants performed a stress task involving verbal harassment and apologies. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: non-harassed control, good apology, pseudo-apology, or no apology. Measures of blood pressure and heart rate were taken at baseline, task and recovery periods. Participants scoring high in trait hostility displayed faster systolic blood pressure recovery when they received a genuine apology, but recovered more slowly when they received a pseudo-apology or no apology. Apologies did not influence subjective anger ratings. It was concluded that apologies may accelerate cardiovascular anger recovery among those with hostile personality predispositions.
This paper presents a methodology to provide a decision maker, e.g. the distribution system operator, information on the associated impacts of the operation of distributed electric energy storage systems (ESS 1 1 ESS − Energy storage systems. ) in an urban environment, in order to support the choice of the best locations of storage units. The developed methodology uses three types of profile prototypes based on actual data, obtained through clustering techniques. These profiles, which include electricity demand, electricity prices and renewable electricity production, are used to optimize the placement of electric energy storage units. The paper considers expected attitudes of the main stakeholders towards distributed electric ESS implementation, and discusses possible regulatory framework options to define the distributed electric ESS business model. The model was applied to a case study using the nanophosphate lithium-ion battery technology as an example. Results show a significant influence of the charge/discharge profile of batteries on the choice of their best locations.
A new biocompatible interface made up of hydroxyapitite-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HA-MWCNTs) nanocomposite was developed for adhesion and electrochemical detection of human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). The HA-MWCNTs nanocomposite was synthesized by self-assembling nano-hydroxyapitite onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes in solution, which was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adhesion of the MG-63 on the nanocomposite film was studied by quartz crystal microbalance and cyclic voltammetry. The nanocomposites interface showed improved immobilization capacity for cells and good biocompatibility for preserving the activity of immobilized living cells. The living cells immobilized on an HA-MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited an irreversible anodic peak response being positively associated with the density and viability of cells, which was used to describe the cells growth and evaluate the effectiveness of antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the cells. The obtained 5-FU cytotoxicity results agreed well with those from conventional MTT assays. The highly biocompatible HA-MWCNTs nanocomposite is also expected to be an appropriate matrix for the electrochemical investigation of adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis of many other relevant mammalian cells.
The mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) was studied in alkaline media at La0.6Ca0.4CoO3-activated carbon electrodes in a channel flow cell (CFC). The electrodes were made by depositing a mixture of the perovskite (La0.6Ca0.4CoO3) powder as the catalyst, Vulcan XC 72 as the carbon, and Triton X-100 as the binder on Ti substrates. The collection efficiency, N, of the double-electrode system in the CFC was evaluated in advance using the ferro–ferricyanide couple. The results obtained for the orr show that the mean number of electrons transferred per O2 molecule, n g, remains around 2, while the ratio k 1/k 2 (the rate constants for direct reduction to OH− and indirect reduction to HO2 −) is much smaller than 1, both at nonactivated and perovskite-activated carbon electrodes. This indicates that most of the oxygen was reduced via the two-electron pathway to HO2 −. The hydrogen peroxide ions appear to be stable at Vulcan, but are further reduced and/or chemically decomposed in part in the presence of the metal-oxide catalyst.
Phase change materials can improve the efficiency of energy systems by time shifting or reducing peak thermal loads. The value of a phase change material is defined by its energy and power density—the total available storage capacity and the speed at which it can be accessed. These are influenced by material properties but cannot be defined with these properties alone. Here we show the close link between energy and power density by developing thermal rate capability and Ragone plots, a framework widely used to describe the trade-off between energy and power in electrochemical storage systems (that is, batteries). Our results elucidate how material properties, geometry and operating conditions influence the performance of phase change thermal storage. This research sets a clear framework for comparing thermal storage materials and devices and can be used by researchers and designers to increase clean energy use with storage.
In this work we study heat-treated FeCu-phthalocyanine (FeCuPc) complexes as the catalyst for oxygen reduction in non-aqueous electrolyte Li/air cells by supporting the catalyst on a high surface area Ketjenblack EC-600JD carbon black. It is shown that the resultant FeCu/C catalyst not only accelerates the two-electron reduction of oxygen as “O2 +2Li+ +2e→Li2O2”, but also catalyzes the chemical disproportionation of Li2O2 as “2Li2O2 →2Li2O+O2”. In Li/air cells, the catalyst reduces polarization on discharge while simultaneously reducing the fraction of Li2O2 in the final discharged products. In a 0.2molkg−1 LiSO3CF3 7:3 (wt.) propylene carbonate (PC)/tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP) electrolyte, the Li/air cells with FeCu/C show at least 0.2V higher discharge voltage at 0.2mAcm−2 than those with pristine carbon. By measuring the charge-transfer resistance (R ct) of Li/air cells at temperatures ranging between −30°C and 30°C, we determine the apparent activation energy of the discharge of Li/air cells and discuss the effect of FeCu/C catalyst on the oxygen reduction in Li/air cells.
Counter electrodes (CEs) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) can be prepared with different materials and methods. This review covers recent research on CEs using platinum, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, single-wall carbon nanotubes, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole, and polyaniline as catalysts for reduction of triiodide. Moreover, for the ultimate in low-cost counter electrodes, we have prepared a carbon-black-loaded stainless steel electrode for use as a novel CE. This counter electrode exhibits good photovoltaic performance; the efficiency reaches 9.15% (16.3mAcm−2 J sc, 785mV V oc, and 71.4% fill factor) with SUS-316 stainless steel, equivalent to the performance with an FTO-glass substrate.
The study was conducted to assess the technical feasibility of studying the spatial and temporal interaction of traditionally herded livestock and wildlife using global positioning system (GPS) tracking technology in Northern Kenya. Two types of collars were used on nine cows: radio frequency and global system for mobile communications (GSM) collars and GPS-satellite (SAT) collars. Full results of cattle tracking were available for eight cows (3 GSM and 5 SAT) tracked between July 2008 and September 2010. A cumulative total of 1556 tracking days was recorded over the 17 month period. On average cows walked 10,203m/day (average total monthly distance walked was 234km). Significant seasonal differences were found; on average cows walked 9.607m and 10,392m per day in the rainy and the dry seasons, respectively. This difference was also significant for total monthly and daily distance walked between the dry and the rainy season. On average cows walked daily 9607m and 10,392m on the rainy and the dry season respectively. During the dry months a 48h cycle was observed with cows walking 15–25km to water every 2nd day but only 5–8km/day between watering days. There was a 24% overlap of cattle range with both elephants and zebras. This study demonstrated the feasibility of tracking cattle using radio collars. It shows the complexity of spatial use by cattle and wildlife. Such information can be used to understand the dynamics of disease transmission between livestock and wildlife.
We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and acceptability of a short screening test battery for mild neurocognitive deficits.
Cattle (Bos taurus) numbers on national forests are allocated based on allotment grazing capacity, but spatial patterns of timing and density at smaller scales are difficult to assess. However, it is often in meadows or riparian areas that grazing may affect hydrology, biodiversity, and other important ecosystem characteristics. To explore real-time animal presence in montane meadows we distributed 18 digital cameras across nine sites in the Sierra National Forest, California. Our objectives were to document seasonal and diurnal presence of both cattle and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), identify the effects of three fencing treatments on animal distribution, and test digital photography as a tool for documenting cattle presence. We recorded 409 399 images during daylight hours for two grazing seasons, and we identified 5 084 and 24 482 cattle “marks” (instances of animal occurrence) in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Deer presence was much lower, with 331 marks in 2006 and 598 in 2007. Morning cattle presence was highest before 0800 hours both years (13.7% and 15.4% of total marks for 2006 and 2007, respectively). Marks decreased until 1100 hours and then increased around 1400 hours and remained relatively stable until 1900 hours. Marks then rose precipitously, with > 20% of total marks recorded after 1900 hours both years. Deer presence was less than 10% per hour until 1800 hours, when > 20% of total marks were recorded after this time both years. Among treatments, cattle marks were highest outside fences at partially fenced meadows, and deer were highest within completely fenced meadows. Our experience suggests that cameras are not viable tools for meadow monitoring due to variation captured within meadows and the time and effort involved in image processing and review.
Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is an inflammatory encephalopathy of unknown cause defined by seizures with progressive neurological disabilities. Herein, the pathogenesis of RE was investigated focusing on inflammasome activation in the brain.
The effects of carbonization process and carbon nanofiber/nanotube additives on the cycling stability of silicon–carbon composite anodes were investigated by monitoring the impedance evolution during charge/discharge cycles with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three types of Si–C anodes were investigated: the first type consisted of Si nanoparticles incorporated into a network of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), with annealed polymer binder. The second type of Si–C anodes was prepared by further heat treatment of the first Si–C anodes to carbonize the polymer binder. The third Si–C anode was as same as the second one except no CNFs and MWNTs being added. Impedance analysis revealed that the carbonization process stabilized the Si–C anode structure and decreased the charge transfer resistance, thus improving the cycling stability. On the other hand, although the MWNTs/CNFs additives could enhance the electronic conductivity of the Si–C anodes, the induced inhomogeneous structure decreased the integrity of the electrode, resulting in a poor long term cycling stability.
Objective Quality of life (QOL) is considered an important outcome in the treatment of schizophrenia, but the determinants of QOL are poorly understood in this population. Furthermore, previous studies have relied on combined measures of subjective QOL (usually defined as life satisfaction) and objective QOL (usually defined as participation in activities and relationships). We examined separately the clinical, functional, and cognitive predictors of subjective and objective QOL in outpatients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that better subjective QOL would be associated with less severe negative and depressive symptoms, better objective QOL, and greater everyday functioning capacity, and that better objective QOL would be associated with less severe negative and depressive symptoms, better cognitive performance, and greater functional capacity. Method Participants included 88 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who completed a comprehensive series of assessments, including measures of positive, negative, and depressive symptoms; performance-based functional skills; a neuropsychological battery; and an interview measure of subjective and objective QOL. Results In the context of multiple predictor variables, more severe depressive symptoms and better neuropsychological functioning were independent predictors of worse subjective QOL. More severe negative symptoms predicted worse objective QOL. Functional capacity variables were not associated with subjective or objective QOL. Conclusion Treatments to improve QOL in schizophrenia should focus on negative symptoms and depressive symptoms.
An electrolyte based on fluorinated carbonate solvents was evaluated with high voltage cathode materials at elevated temperature. The theoretically high anodic stability of these new electrolytes was supported by electrochemical evaluation results using LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li4Ti5O12 electrochemical couples. Fluorinated carbonate appears to be a suitable electrolyte candidate for transition metal oxide cathodes at high voltage (5 V vs. Li+/Li).
Infiltration usually plays a significant role in construction failures and transfer of contaminants. Therefore, it is very important to monitor underground water migration. In this study, a soil infiltration experiment was carried out using an indoor model test. The water infiltration characteristics were recorded and analyzed based on the response of the geoelectric field, including the primary field potential, self-potential, excitation current and apparent resistivity. The phreatic water surface and the infiltration velocity were determined. The inversion results were compared with direct observations. The results showed that the changes in the geoelectric field parameters explain the principles of groundwater flow. The infiltration velocity and the phreatic surface can be determined based on the primary field potential response and the excitation current. When the phreatic surface reached the location of the electrodes, the primary field potential and self-potential decreased rapidly whereas the excitation current increased rapidly. The height of the phreatic surface and the infiltration time exhibited a linear relationship for both the observation data and the calculations of the excitation current. The apparent resistivity described the infiltration status in the soil and tracked the phreatic surface accurately.