batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lord SE, Weatherall M, Rochester L. Community ambulation in older adults: which internal characteristics are important? Objective To examine the internal characteristics of older adults independent in community ambulation to gain further understanding of the skills required for its successful execution. Design Exploratory factor analysis. Setting General community. Participants Healthy, community dwelling older adults (N=113) who were cognitively intact and walked outdoors independently. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Spatiotemporal gait parameters derived from accelerometry over 6 minutes walking outdoors and a battery of measures for motor, cognitive, executive, and behavioral characteristics. Results Mean participant age ± SD was 75.8±7.3 years, with almost a third of the sample over 80 years. Four factors emerged from the Factor Analysis of 23 variables: motor control, self-efficacy, executive function, and cognitive-motor interference, which together explained 61.4% of common variance. Eight variables loaded onto motor control, accounting for 34.5% of common variance; 7 items loaded onto self-efficacy, which explained 12.4% of common variance; 5 variables loaded onto executive function, accounting for 8.4% of common variance; and 3 variables loaded onto cognitive-motor interference, explaining 6% of the variance. Conclusions Results of this study indicate that factors beyond motor control contribute to independent community ambulation in older adults, reflecting the multidimensional, complex nature of the task. Self-efficacy was shown to be more relevant than executive function to gait performance, suggesting the need for a broader approach to assessment and intervention strategies.
An analysis of current research on mixture toxicity was conducted by critically reviewing published journal articles. The scope was limited to complex mixtures (more than two components) where at least one component was a chlorinated organic chemical. Although the basics of dose–response are widely accepted for mixtures, a number of technical issues, including dose metrics and the unquantified influence of toxicity modifying factors, confound data interpretation and restrict the ability to establish reliable determinations of the presence, nature, and extent of additivity. Lack of knowledge about dose level influences and species-specific variations contribute further interpretational limitations. Within this context, available data indicates that most tested mixtures are near or below simple dose/concentration additivity. Exceptions (both positive and negative) tend to occur when tested mixtures have only a few components or where sensitive whole organism or sub-organismal changes are used as the response metric. Available information does not routinely identify the presence of chlorine as a marker either of a particular type of toxicity or consistently greater potency. The most profound difficulty is the problem of clearly defining when and why similarity and dissimilarity of toxic action is expected for a particular mixture. This impediment largely results from the lack of a generally accepted, technical classification for mode/mechanism of toxic action coupled with the lack of a generally accepted classification scheme for mode/mechanism of toxicity interactions.
Li1.95FeSiO4/C and Li2FeSiO4/C composites were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method and then discussed comparatively through the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method, the charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectra measurement, respectively. The results demonstrated that the Li1.95FeSiO4/C composite could exhibit much better battery performance in terms of the discharge capacity, cycling stability and rate capability in comparison with the Li2FeSiO4/C composite. At 0.2C and 5C, it delivered a discharge capacity of 142mAhg−1 and 93mAhg−1, respectively, and after 100 cycles at 1C, 95.1% of its initial capacity was retained.
In the frame of SPACT-80 project to design and manufacture a robust and durable air/hydrogen 80kWe PEM fuel cell for transportation application, experiments have been carried out on various electrode active surfaces since the full scale system could be damaged by some particular operating conditions. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to verify that a 25cm2 single cell, a 5-cell pilot stack and a 90-cell stack exhibit the same behaviour and that they are representative of the full device's performance. After a brief description of the studied device the scaling up effect was checked. In non-optimal conditions, experiments were mainly conducted on single cell and pilot stack. In driving cycle and when studying various gas flows, they present similar evolution for the cell voltage as well as for the water management. The water transport coefficient and the diffusion resistance values determined by impedance spectroscopy highlight the presence of liquid water that could have an effect on the gas transport to the electrode. Investigation on the air humidification conditions shows that at lower relative humidity (RH), the two fuel cells have similar behaviour but above 60% RH different evolutions appear. Whatever the air humidification conditions, liquid water is present in both compartments.
Ischemic stroke results in a robust inflammatory response within the central nervous system. As the immune-inhibitory CD200-CD200 receptor 1 (CD200R1) signaling axis is a known regulator of immune homeostasis, we hypothesized that it may play a role in post-stroke immune suppression after stroke.
Addition of various carbon materials into lead-acid battery electrodes was studied and examined in order to enhance the power density, improve cycle life and stability of both negative and positive electrodes in lead acid batteries. High electrical-conductivity, high-aspect ratio, good mechanical properties and chemical stability of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, unmodified and mofified with carboxylic groups) position them as viable additives to enhance the electrodes' electrical conductivity, to mitigate the well-known sulfation failure mechanism and improve the physical integration of the electrodes. In this study, we investigated the incorporation-effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to the positive and the negative active materials in lead-acid battery prototypes in a configuration of flooded cells, as well as gelled cells. The cells were tested at 25% and 30% depth-of-discharge (DOD). The positive effect of the carbon nanotubes (CNT) utilization as additives to both positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries was clearly demonstrated and is explained herein based on microscopic studies.
Our group proposes a new titanium smelting process via Bi–Ti alloy. This process is comprised of reduction of TiCl4 by Bi–Mg liquid alloy, separation of Ti from Bi by distillation, and Mg electrolysis. In this study, the Mg electrolysis with Bi–Mg liquid alloy cathode was investigated. We firstly measured the IR-corrected polarization curves on graphite and Bi–Mg liquid alloys by the current interruption method. The results indicated that the Bi–Mg alloy cathode can reduce the electricity consumption of the Mg electrolysis. In addition, from the relaxation curves on graphite and Bi–Mg alloys, the concentration overpotential on the Bi–Mg alloy is mainly due to mass transfer of Mg from the electrode/molten salt interface to the liquid alloy bulk. At current densities higher than 300 mA cm−2, Mg-rich solid phases such as Bi2Mg3 and/or pure solid Mg are assumed to be deposited on the Bi–Mg liquid alloy cathode. Finally, we estimated the electricity consumption of the Mg electrolysis in the new smelting process based on the measured overpotentials, assuming that Bi–Mg liquid alloy cathode is stirred sufficiently and a low current density, 275 mA cm−2, is applied. Under these conditions, the total electricity consumption of the Mg electrolysis in the new process will be lower than that in the Kroll process when the anode–cathode distance is smaller than 8 cm.
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) is one of the most promising lithium salts for use in lithium-ion batteries owing to its high ionic conductivity, high solubility in organic solvents, and excellent solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)-forming ability. In this study, we developed an ethylene carbonate (EC)-free electrolyte comprising LiFSI and sulfolane (SL) (LiFSI/SL). LiFSI/SL exhibits ideal Walden electrolyte behavior and crystallinity gap phenomena as well as reversible lithium intercalation into a graphite electrode. LiCoO2/graphite full-cells containing the new electrolyte show superior cycle stabilities at room and high temperature compared to those with conventional LiPF6/EC-based electrolytes. For example, after 200 cycles at 60 °C followed by 200 cycles at 70 °C, a cell with 1.5 mol dm−3 LiFSI/SL delivers a discharge capacity of 1.12 mAh, while that with 1.0 mol dm−3 LiPF6/EC/EMC delivers a discharge capacity of only 0.84 mAh under the same conditions. The enhanced performance of batteries with LiFSI/SL can be attributed to the effective SEI derived from LiFSI.
Three-dimensional Li2S/graphene hierarchical architecture (3DLG) is synthesized with a facile infiltration method. Highly-crystalline Li2S nanoparticles are deposited homogenously into three-dimensional graphene foam (3DGF) network grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), resulting in 3DLG with high surface area, porosity, flexibility and conductivity. The 3DLG is employed as flexible, free-standing and binder-free cathode without metallic current collectors or conducting additives. Due to the unique structure, the 3DLG exhibits a high discharge capacity of 894.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a high capacity retention of 87.7% after 300 cycles at 0.2 C, and the high-rate capacity up to 4 C reaches 598.6 mAh g−1. The cyclic performance is record-breaking compared to the previous reports on free-standing graphene-Li2S cathodes. Flexible lithium-sulfur batteries based on the high-capacity 3DLG cathode have promising application potentials in flexible electronics, electrical vehicles, etc.
Water-soluble Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) supported on nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) with high dispersion was fabricated for high performance energy storage hybrid electrodes. An efficient loading of the PB NPs and nitrogen doping of graphene were achieved. The structure and morphology of the composite was determined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The energy storage performance was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The nanocomposite was fabricated as a hybrid battery-supercapacitor electrode and exhibited excellent performance with the highest capacity of 660Cg−1 at 1Ag−1, which was higher than pure PB NPs and N-graphene electrodes. Moreover, the synergistic effect of N-graphene and the PB NPs prevented the N-graphene from shrinking and swelling and increased the cycle stability to 84.7% retention after 1500 cycles at 6Ag−1, compared to the pure N-graphene.
A decision-support tool (ORES) in the form of a linear program is developed to determine the optimal investment and operating decisions for residential energy systems. It shows how energy conversion units such as a cogeneration fuel cell, a heat pump, a boiler, photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors can be combined with energy storage devices, consisting of a battery and a hot water tank, to drive down total yearly energy costs and CO2 emissions while meeting space heat, hot water and electricity needs. Under the assumption of perfect demand and production forecasts and depending on how the dwelling is allowed to exchange electricity with the grid, cost reductions between 5 and 60% are possible, whereas emissions can be cut by 45–90% with respect to a base case. Stochastic programming is used effectively to reduce the sensitivity to uncertainty in weather parameters. The resulting cost increase is limited to 1.2%. Decision rules are implemented to account for unforeseen variations in electric load. If it is assumed that peak loads can occur at any instant of the optimization horizon, energy costs rise by 9%, which in off-grid scenarios, are driven by the installation of an about 50% bigger battery system.
A novel macroporous nanocomposite polymer membrane (NCPM) based on poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)] copolymer was prepared by in situ hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 using a non-solvent-induced phase separation technique. SEM micrograph shows that the yielding TiO2 nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix and there are a lot of spherical macropores connecting with each other by some smaller pores. DSC results exhibit that the crystallinity of polymer matrix decreases with the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The tensile stress of the NCPM is 9.69MPa and its fracture strain 74.4%. After immersion in 1.0moll−1 LiPF6/ethyl carbonate (EC)–dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the ionic conductivity of the obtained nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) is 0.98×10−3 Scm−1 at 20°C. Lithium-ion batteries, which use this kind of NCPE as the separator and electrolyte, display good discharging performance at different current densities, presenting promise for its practical application.
A photosynthetic microbial mat was investigated in a large pond of a Mediterranean saltern (Salins-de-Giraud, Camargue, France) having water salinity from 70‰ to 150‰ (w/v). Analysis of characteristic biomarkers (e.g., major microbial fatty acids, hydrocarbons, alcohols and alkenones) revealed that cyanobacteria were the major component of the pond, in addition to diatoms and other algae. Functional bacterial groups involved in the sulfur cycle could be correlated to these biomarkers, i.e. sulfate-reducing, sulfur-oxidizing and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. In the first 0.5 mm of the mat, a high rate of photosynthesis showed the activity of oxygenic phototrophs in the surface layer. Ten different cyanobacterial populations were detected with confocal laser scanning microscopy: six filamentous species, with Microcoleus chthonoplastes and Halomicronema excentricum as dominant (73% of total counts); and four unicellular types affiliated to Microcystis, Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, and Synechocystis (27% of total counts). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments confirmed the presence of Microcoleus, Oscillatoria, and Leptolyngbya strains (Halomicronema was not detected here) and revealed additional presence of Phormidium, Pleurocapsa and Calotrix types. Spectral scalar irradiance measurements did not reveal a particular zonation of cyanobacteria, purple or green bacteria in the first millimeter of the mat. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments of bacteria depicted the community composition and a fine-scale depth-distribution of at least five different populations of anoxygenic phototrophs and at least three types of sulfate-reducing bacteria along the microgradients of oxygen and light inside the microbial mat.
We propose an energy efficient adaptive scheme for mobile-to-mobile file sharing applications. The proposed scheme monitors the signal strength level during the file transfer process and compresses data blocks on-the-fly only whenever energy reduction gain is expected. The proposed scheme exploits the trade-off between spending energy to compress a file and transmit less data versus spending energy sending the file uncompressed and, thus, without additional computations before transmission. By applying data compression, the intended information is sent with lower number of bits and, thus, less transmission energy. However, the computational as well as memory access requirements of compression algorithms could consume more energy than simply transmitting data uncompressed. Moreover, if the transmission rate over the wireless medium is high then the need for compression might be reduced or even eliminated as data is transferred efficiently within a limited amount of time. We evaluate and optimize the performance of the proposed adaptive compression scheme using experimental measurements in different scenarios and as a function of various parameters. Energy consumption results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves notable energy reduction gains when compared to other traditional approaches. Moreover, we derive an empirical energy model that analytically quantifies the energy consumed during data transmission as a function of the signal strength level and during data compression as a function of the data size. The derived empirical model is then used to obtain energy consumption results for file sharing over multihop scenarios.
Hierarchically porous MnO2/rice husks derived carbon (MnO2/RHC) composite with excellent electrochemical properties has been prepared as active material for supercapacitors. In this study, a two-step process was utilized for constructing this composite, involving carbonization–activation of rice husks to obtain RHC and in situ chemical precipitation to incorporate MnO2. Ultimately, MnO2 was uniformly distributed on the surface of RHC and hierarchically porous structure was well retained in the resultant MnO2/RHC composite. Based on cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements in 0.5M Na2SO4 solution, MnO2/RHC composite exhibits much higher specific capacitance than that of RHC. The specific capacitance of MnO2/RHC composite reaches 197.6Fg−1 at the scan rate of 5mVs−1 and 210.3Fg−1 at the current density of 0.5Ag−1. MnO2/RHC composite also displays favorable cycling stability with 80.2% capacitance retention after 5000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. Therefore, taking advantage of the interconnected hierarchical pores that exist in its microstructure, MnO2/RHC composite is supposed to be a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
We use panel data that consists of aggregated annual bank account balances and analyze the first two digits of each observation to evaluate conformity to Benford's Law. The data spans a period of 14 years, is naturally generated, and meets the “drawing from a sequence” criterion. We conduct a full battery of null hypothesis significance testing, and we also calculate annual mean absolute deviation and excess mean absolute deviation. The results range from marginal conformity to marginal non-conformity to Benford's Law. We concur with previous research and urge caution when approaching auditing and fraud detection using these analytic tools. This finding illustrates the concept of usual level of conformity, that is, a data-specific signature, driven by the idiosyncrasies of the process that generated it. We also examine the time series of annual mean absolute deviation and excess mean absolute deviation. In a couple of cases, the Dickey-Fuller tests suggest trend-stationarity, although the small number of observations renders the reliability of these results questionable.
Recent years have perceived many innovations in research and advancement of graphene, the thinnest two-dimensional atomic material. Graphene-based materials and their composites possess promising applications in wide range of fields such as, electronics, biomedical aids, membranes, flexible wearable sensors and actuators. The latest studies and progression in this subject area often produce inconsistent or inconclusive results. This review article assesses and summarises published data so as to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of state of the art. Firstly, the distinct structural nature of the graphene materials available is elucidated, as well as different production techniques available thus far. The assessment then discusses the various composites focusing different sub-functional regimes such as mechanical and collective functional applications such as energy, electronics biomedical, membranes and sensors. The utilisation of graphene and its derivatives in the manufacture of nanocomposites with different polymer matrices has been reconnoitred. Finally, a conclusion and perspective are given to discussing the remaining challenges for graphene nanocomposites in functional science and engineering.
The tin oxide (SnO2) films were prepared by a photo-CVD process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. The SnO2 films prepared at 473 and 523K showed amorphous-like hallow pattern, while the SnO2 film prepared at 573K showed a poor crystalline pattern. All the Li/SnO2 cells showed the reversible capacity of 600mAh/g in the voltage range of 0.1–0.8V over 200 cycles. It was clarified that the SnO2 film showing superior electrochemical performance was prepared at low temperature of 473K using TMT (Sn(CH3)4) and O2 (containing 4mol.% O3) as the source material.
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (licorice) is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region and certain areas of Asia. Historically, the dried rhizome and root of the plant were used by the Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Indian, and Roman civilizations as expectorant and carminative. In the modern medicinal system, licorice is used to treat liver ailments, dyspepsia, bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis etc. Despite the extensive pharmacological applications, the genotoxic potential of G. glabra extract (GutGard™) has not been evaluated. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the genotoxic potential of GutGard™ using battery of in vitro test systems: bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames II™), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests. GutGard™ did not show significant increase in number of revertant colonies in Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TAMix) with/without S9 fraction. In CA and MN studies, GutGard™ did not show clastogenic effect at 4 and 18h treatments with and without S9 fraction. Results indicated that GutGard™ is not mutagenic in a battery of genotoxicity tests.
Sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn1), an endogenous antioxidant protein, is involved in keeping the balance of the cell’s oxidation/reduction and can resist oxidative stress. However, the exact antioxidant effects of Srxn1 remain fully unclear. The study aims to examine the effects of Srxn1 on oxidative stress and explore the potential mechanisms in astrocytes with 6 h/oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), 24 h/respiration. In the study, silencing Srxn1 was performed before exposure to 6 h/OGD, 24 h/respiration in primary astrocytes. Decreased cell viability and increased cellular damage measured by CellTiter 96H AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were observed in Srxn1 silencing astrocytes. In addition, Srxn1 silencing resulted in a decrease in both intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor known to influence susceptibility to oxidative stress, upregulated Srxn1 expression during oxidative stress caused by OGD in the astrocytes. Electromobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated a decreased binding of Nrf2 to oligomers containing Srxn1 ter-specific antioxidant response element (ARE)-binding site in Nrf2 silencing astrocytes. We also found that a reduction of peroxiredoxin (Prdx)-SO3 was closely dependent on Srxn1. In addition, 2-Cys Prdxs protein levels were increased in the astrocytes exposed to OGD, as evaluated by immunoblot analysis. All taken together, the study suggested that silencing Srxn1 would result into increasing sensitivity to OGD-induced oxidative stress injury in astrocytes. Furthermore, Nrf2/ARE pathway was involved into Srxn1, playing its antioxidant protection against oxidative stress, all of which would provide a novel therapeutic theory for treating acute ischemic brain injury.
The classical aphasia syndromes still have a role in clinically based research, although contemporary linguistic analyses have provided new insights into the structure of language disorders that follow brain damage.