batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electricity is conceivably the most multipurpose energy carrier in modern global economy, and therefore primarily linked to human and economic development. Energy sector reform is critical to sustainable energy development and includes reviewing and reforming subsidies, establishing credible regulatory frameworks, developing policy environments through regulatory interventions, and creating market-based approaches. Energy security has recently become an important policy driver and privatization of the electricity sector has secured energy supply and provided cheaper energy services in some countries in the short term, but has led to contrary effects elsewhere due to increasing competition, resulting in deferred investments in plant and infrastructure due to longer-term uncertainties. On the other hand global dependence on fossil fuels has led to the release of over 1100GtCO2 into the atmosphere since the mid-19th century. Currently, energy-related GHG emissions, mainly from fossil fuel combustion for heat supply, electricity generation and transport, account for around 70% of total emissions including carbon dioxide, methane and some traces of nitrous oxide. This multitude of aspects play a role in societal debate in comparing electricity generating and supply options, such as cost, GHG emissions, radiological and toxicological exposure, occupational health and safety, employment, domestic energy security, and social impressions. Energy systems engineering provides a methodological scientific framework to arrive at realistic integrated solutions to complex energy problems, by adopting a holistic, systems-based approach, especially at decision making and planning stage. Modeling and optimization found widespread applications in the study of physical and chemical systems, production planning and scheduling systems, location and transportation problems, resource allocation in financial systems, and engineering design. This article reviews the literature on power and supply sector developments and analyzes the role of modeling and optimization in this sector as well as the future prospective of optimization modeling as a tool for sustainable energy systems.
Positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries feature lithium element and lithium-ion conduction paths. Here the authors report transition metal monoxides that contain neither the intrinsic lithium nor conduction channels for high-capacity positive electrode materials.
In wind-diesel stand-alone power systems, the disturbances like random nature of wind power, turbulent wind, sudden changes in load demand and the wind park disconnection effect continuously the system voltage and frequency. The satisfactory operation of such a system is not an easy task and the control design has to take in to account all these subtleties. For maintaining the power quality, generally, a short-term energy storage device is used. In this paper, the performance of a wind-diesel system associated with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is studied. The effect of installing SMES at wind park bus/load bus, on the system performance is investigated. To control the exchange of real and reactive powers between the SMES unit and the wind-diesel system, a control strategy based on fuzzy logic is proposed. The dynamic models of the hybrid power system for most common scenarios are developed and the results presented.
Objective Recent studies demonstrate that sports-related concussions can have negative consequences on long-term brain health. The goal of the present study was to determine whether retired Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes with a history of concussions exhibit alterations in neurocognitive functioning, along with changes in physical, social, and psychological health. Methods Our study compared nineteen retired CFL athletes’ concussion histories to eighteen healthy age-matched controls with no history of concussion. Self-report inventories were used to assess depression, memory, attention, and general health. Neurophysiological markers of cognitive function were evaluated with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as measured in two protocols: (1) A Mismatch Negativity (MMN) protocol for assessing the automatic early attentional brain mechanism; and, (2) a P300 auditory oddball task for assessing consciously controlled attention. Results Relative to controls, CFL players exhibited: response delays and reduced amplitudes in neurophysiological responses; overall decreases in cognitive function; and poorer scores on self-reports of physical, social, and psychological health; reflecting problems in all three categories. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that multiple concussions sustained over several years can lead to altered cognitive and psychosocial function. Significance Neurophysiological markers of conscious and pre-conscious attention provide an objective assessment for evaluating long-term cognitive consequences of concussion.
To prolong the cycle life of lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage, a challenging task is to maximize the positive effects of carbon additive used for lead-carbon electrode. In this paper, rice-husk-derived hierarchical porous carbon (RHHPC) is used to improve the electrochemical kinetics of lead-carbon electrode. Results show that charge acceptance of lead-carbon electrode is increased mainly due to the extra electrochemically active surface provided by RHHPC. Compared with the other carbon additives, RHHPC with high surface area and combined mesopores/macropores hierarchical structure exhibits a significant effect on the electrochemical kinetics of Pb/PbSO4 redox couple. Thus, the lead-carbon battery containing RHHPC shows good rate performance and excellent charge acceptance in deep charge/discharge partial state of charge operation. This study also suggests that carbon additive inevitably accelerates hydrogen evolution which breaks down the conductive network of lead-carbon electrode, so hydrogen evolution must be suppressed to enhance the cycling stability of lead-carbon battery.
In this paper, the economic and environmental assessment of a system composed by a Smart Polygeneration Microgrid (SPM) and a Sustainable Energy Building (SEB) is performed, with specific reference to a pilot facility installed at the Savona Campus and managed by the University of Genoa Power Systems Research Team. The analysis includes the evaluation of operational costs and CO2 emissions, and is carried out in two steps: firstly, the quantification of the economic and environmental benefits provided by the SPM and the SEB on a yearly timescale is determined. Then, the same analysis has been done on a short-term horizon by the use of an optimization algorithm included in the SPM supervisory software. Such a model minimizes an objective function related to daily operational costs and includes the SPM electric and thermal power plants and loads, the distributed heating network, an active building (SEB) and the ICT system responsible for the operational management of the whole research infrastructures. The results of the analysis and the performed experimental research contribute to develop a set of Key Performances Indicators (KPIs) suitable for the smart microgrid concept deployment.
Polypyrrole (PPy) electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors (ES) are prepared using amaranth as a new redox-active anionic dopant for chemical polymerization of PPy. The use of amaranth allows excellent electrochemical performance of electrodes with high mass loading and high PPy to current collector mass ratio. The specific capacitance of 4.2 F cm−2 is achieved at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. The analysis of electrochemical testing results provides an insight into the influence of the chemical structure of amaranth on microstructure, electrochemical properties and cycling stability of PPy. New method is introduced for the fabrication of PPy coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The use of amaranth allows fine microstructure of PPy coatings formed on MWCNT, which are well dispersed in the presence of pyrocatechol violet dispersant. The use of PPy coated MWCNT allows significant improvement in capacitance retention at high charge–discharge rates, compared to pure PPy material, and good cycling stability of individual electrodes and ES cells. The ES cells, based on PPy show specific capacitance of 1.3–1.6 F cm−2 at discharge current densities of 1–33 mA cm−2.
Ethnopharmacological relevance In Eastern Asia, E. koreanum Nakai (EKN) has traditionally been used as an aphrodisiac herbal medicine. However, there was no available information for its genotoxicity. This study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic potentials of EKN. Materials and methods The phytochemicals of EKN were identified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Three standard battery of genotoxicity assay for bacterial reverse mutation, mammalian chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronuclei formation was employed. Results The LC/MS/MS analysis revealed four hydroxybenzoic acids, three lignans, and ten flavonoid glycosides in EKN. The bacterial reverse mutation assay revealed no mutagenic effects of EKN. Moreover, EKN did not show any clastogenic effects in the in vivo and in vitro assays. Conclusion EKN water extract was shown to be a non-genotoxic herbal medicine under the conditions tested in this study.
An alkaline composite PEO–PVA–glass-fibre-mat polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity (10−2 Scm−1) at room temperature has been prepared and applied to solid-state primary Zn–air batteries. The electrolyte shows excellent mechanical strength. The electrochemical characteristics of the batteries were experimentally investigated by means of ac impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic discharge. The results indicate that the PEO–PVA–glass-fibre-mat composite polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate for application in alkaline primary Zn–air batteries.
In this study, 27 CDC traps were modified with various attractive features and compared with a CDC trap with no light source or baits to evaluate the effects on attraction to Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) north of the Dead Sea near Jericho. Attractive features included CO2, lights, colored trap bodies, heat, moisture, chemical lures and different combinations of the same. Traps were placed 20m apart and rotated from one trap location to the next after 24h trapping periods. The most significant attractive feature was CO2, which attracted more sand flies than any other feature evaluated. Ultraviolet light was the next most attractive feature, followed by incandescent light. When evaluated alone, black or white trap bodies, heat and moisture, all influenced trap catch but effects were greater when these attractive features were used together. The results of this study suggest that traps with CO2 and UV light could be used in batteries as control interventions if suitable CO2 sources become available.
Thermal stability is one of the critical requirements for commercial operation of high energy lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we use in situ X-ray diffraction technique to elucidate the thermal degradation mechanism of 0.5Li2MnO3-0.5LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 lithium rich cathode material in the absence and presence of electrolyte to simulate the real life battery conditions and compare its thermal behavior with the commercial LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode material. We show that the thermal induced phase transformations in delithiated lithium rich cathode material are much more intense compared to similar single phase layered cathode material in the presence of electrolyte. The structural changes in both cathode materials with the temperature rise follow different trends in the absence and presence of electrolyte between 25 and 600 °C. Phase transitions are comparatively simple in the absence of electrolyte, the fully charged lithium rich cathode material demonstrates better thermal stability by maintaining its phase till 379 °C, and afterwards spinel structure is formed. In the presence of electrolyte, however, the spinel structure appears at 207 °C, subsequently it transforms to rock salt type cubic phase at 425 °C with additional metallic, metal fluoride, and metal carbonate phases.
The present paper reports a cerium sulfamate electrolyte for use in redox battery. The electrochemical behavior of Ce3+/Ce4+ in sulfamic acid (SA) media has been investigated using linear-sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. The formal potential of the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple in SA is approximately 1.52V vs. NHE. The exchange current density and standard rate constant of the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox reaction on platinum electrode in SA are determined as 5.95×10−4 Acm−2 and 4.95×10−5 cms−1 respectively. The diffusion coefficient of Ce3+ in SA is 5.93×10−6 cm2 s−1. The conductivity of cerium(III) sulfamate solution is improved significantly by adding NH 4 + . A zinc–cerium test cell with Ce3+/Ce4+ sulfamate solution as the positive electrolyte is constructed and the charge-discharge performance is evaluated. The coulombic efficiency of the Zn–Ce cell is calculated to be 90%. The preliminary exploration shows that the cerium sulfamate electrolyte is promising for redox battery application and is worthy of further study.
In migratory birds, constraints due to breeding are relaxed during the non-breeding season and thus, social behaviours and spatial associations are potentially more directly coupled to food resources and habitats. Use of space and territorial behaviour has rarely been studied in Afro-Palearctic migrants. Variation in strategies could exist among species within the same habitat because of differences in foraging, diet and microhabitat. We compare use of space and association with conspecifics in Common Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita and Subalpine Warblers Sylvia cantillans at a non-breeding site in northern Senegal using radio telemetry and playback experiments. Home ranges of Chiffchaffs were larger and overlapped more than those of Subalpine Warblers. Though Chiffchaffs were often close together, we found no signs of spatial association among individuals in either species. Chiffchaffs showed no clear pattern of territorial response to conspecific song; whereas, playback elicited a territorial response in most Subalpine Warblers. Our results suggest species-specific differences in use of space that might reflect differences in foraging ecology and microhabitat.
This paper addresses the discharge characteristics of a multicell lithium-ion battery with nonuniform cells. By using a multicell battery with two different types of cell, we experimentally investigate the relationship between discharge capacity and battery topology. In the series connection of nonuniform cells, the total capacity of the battery is governed by a cell with the smallest capacity. In the parallel connection, the total capacity becomes the sum of cells in parallel. In a multicell battery with the series–parallel connection, the discharge capacity depends on its configurations such as connection and number of nonuniform cells. Also, we derive a mathematical model for discharge characteristics of the multicell battery based on the equivalent circuit model of an individual cell. For a multicell battery with a general configuration, the discharge capacity is successfully evaluated by numerical simulations of the mathematical model.
Glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in heavy metal detoxification. Ethylene is one of the important plant hormones, which plays a critical role in triggering plant responses to different stresses such as cadmium (Cd) stress. Ethylene responsive transcription factor (ERF) belongs to one of the largest plant transcription factor families. ERF is known to be induced by ethylene and thus regulate multiple stress responses through the activation of stress-related genes. Until now, little has been done to explore the relationship among the accumulation of endogenous ethylene, ERF transcript levels and the GSH content in plants under Cd treatment and we will investigate these link. In this study, the gene transcript level of LchERF, LchGSH1 (gene responsible for the first-step GSH biosynthesis) and LchGSHS (gene responsible for the second-step GSH biosynthesis), endogenous ethylene accumulation, GSH content and Cd concentration in Lycium chinense with or without Cd stress treatment were studied. Furthermore, the transgenic tobacco expressing 35S::LchERF which grown under Cd stress condition was also investigated in this study. Our results showed that endogenous ethylene, LchERF, LchGSH1 and LchGSHS gene expression and GSH content can be induced by Cd treatment in L. chinense, however, reduced by co-treatment with 2-aminoethoxyvinlglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. The transgenic tobacco expressing 35S::LchERF showed greater tolerance to Cd stress than non-transgenic plants. The expression of NtGSH1 and NtGSHS genes was increased in transgenic tobacco plants compared with non-transgenic plants, indicating that LchERF is associated with the expression level of GSH synthesis related genes in tobacco. Evidence was presented here that under Cd stress, GSH accumulation occurred at least partially via enhanced LchERF gene expression and the ethylene signal transduction pathways might be involved in this accumulation.
A relationship between the chemical bonding nature of LiMn2−x Ni x O4 and the Ni content has been systematically investigated. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, nickel-substituted lithium manganates crystallize with a cubic spinel structure without the formation of any impurity phase such as NiO in the present substitution range of 0≤ x ≤0.4. Micro-Raman analysis showed that Ni substitution gave rise to an increase in the intensities and energies of the two main phonon lines at ∼580 and ∼620cm−1, indicating enhancement of the average Mn oxidation states and reinforcement of the MnO bonds. This was confirmed by Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) analysis. Also, a new phonon line appeared at ∼495cm−1 after the Ni substitution, which can be assigned as an Ni–O vibration mode rather than as a T2g(2) mode of LiMn2O4. Ni K-edge XAS and micro-Raman analyses clearly demonstrate that divalent nickel ions existed in the octahedral sites of the cubic spinel lattice without a significant change in the chemical environment with the Ni content. In this regard, the poor electrochemical performance of heavily Ni-substituted compounds for the 3V region is not attributable to the variation in the local environment of Ni ions with the Ni content, but to the low structural stability of the substituted NiO6 octahedra.
Hybrid nanocomposites provided a synergistic improvement on electrochemical performance and stability for pseudocapacitor. Designed graphene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/MnO2 nanocomposites with CNTs electrode (in short, GMC + C) with highly nanoporous framework surface structure are fabricated by a modified electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrate that the flake-like MnO2 thickness (about less than 10 nm) and uniformly distributed on the porous graphene/CNTs framework. X-ray diffraction shows the formation of birnessite-type MnO2. Pseudocapacitances of the GMC + C electrode calculated by cyclic voltammetry having different scan rates of 5, 20, 50, 100, and 300 mV s−1 exhibit high specific capacitances of 481, 436, 413, 398, and 372 F g−1, respectively. Sodium ion diffusion coefficients of the GMC + C electrode show a higher intercalation value of 3.647 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 and deintercalation value of 2.899 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 using chronoamperometry. Moreover, the GMC + C electrode maintains a high specific capacitance of 346 F g−1, and is about 83.3% of the initial capacitance after 15,000 charge/discharge cycles. The designed hybrid GMC + C nanocomposites pseudocapacitor electrode using EPD route with the high specific capacitance, fast reaction rate, and high stability, exhibits high potential for practical applications.
Cell variations caused by the inevitable inconsistency during manufacture and use of battery cells have significant impacts on battery capacity, security and durability for battery energy storage systems. Thus, the battery equalization systems are essentially required to reduce variations of in-pack cells and increase battery pack capability. In order to protect all in-pack cells from damaging, estimate battery state and reduce variations, a system state estimation and energy optimal control framework for multicell lithium-ion battery system is proposed. The state-of-charge (SOC) values of all in-pack cells are firstly estimated using a dual-scale extended Kalman filtering (EKF) to improve estimation accuracy and reduce computation simultaneously. These estimated SOC values provide specific details of battery system, which cannot only be used to protect cells from over-charging/over-discharging, but also be employed to design state-feedback controller for battery equalization system. A two-stage hybrid state-feedback and output-feedback equalization algorithm is proposed. The state-feedback controller is firstly employed for coarse-grained adjustment to reduce equalization time cost with large current. However, due to the inevitable SOC estimation errors, the output-feedback controller is then used for fine-grained adjustment with trickle current. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can provide an effectively estimation and energy control for multicell battery systems. Finally, the implementation of the proposed method is further discussed for the real applications.
Nickel hydroxide powder prepared by directly chemical precipitation method at room temperature has a nanoplatelet-like morphology and could be converted into nickel oxide at annealing temperature higher than 300°C, confirmed by the thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Annealing temperature influences significantly both the electrical conductivity and the specific surface area of nickel oxide/hydroxide powder, and consequently determines the capacitor behavior. Electrochemical capacitive behavior of the synthesized nickel hydroxide/oxide film is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscope methods. After 300°C annealing, the highest specific capacitance of 108Fg−1 is obtained at scan rate of 10mVs−1. When annealing temperature is lower than 300°C, the electrical conductivity of nickel hydroxide dominates primarily the capacitive behavior. When annealing temperature is higher than 300°C, both electrical conductivity and specific surface area of the nickel oxide dominate the capacitive behavior.
This study proposes a CAES wind energy storage system composed of a windmill, a continuous variable planetary (CVP) transmission, a flywheel, a clutch, a reciprocating compressor, and an air tank. The mode of transformation of wind energy into compressed air in the system is also illustrated, in addition to details on the process of the controller design. The system controller can adjust the gear ratio according to the wind speed (Vwind ) and rotational speed of the flywheel (ωflywheel ). With a proper controller design to control the gear ratio, the flywheel can rapidly reach a rotational speed that is suitable for compressing the air into a tank. In addition, the windmill can be operated at the most efficient point. Therefore, transformation efficiency of wind energy into compressed air could be improved. After completion of the controller design, the efficiency of the two air compression systems (one system is driven directly by the windmill and another is driven by the flywheel) are compared to determining the target for improving performance in the future.