batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
International standards are playing a crucially important role in all industries for rational production, international terminologies, safety and health protection, measurement, analysis, quality control and environmental protection, particularly in the energy field, where standards for the interfaces in energy flows are indispensable, such as electric connectors, fuelling devices, calibration methods and electrical safety. Of particular significance is the SI system of units and the OSI standards which allow the world-wide harmonization of data exchanges and computers. International standardization is shared between the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for all non-electric matters, founded just after World War II as the successor to ISA and the much older International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) both based in Geneva, Switzerland, in the same building. Besides the specific standards for petroleum, coal, nuclear and hydro-power, solar energy, wind-power, hydrogen and the vast field of electricity, the energy standards series ISO13600 allows the characterization, analysis and comparison of all energy systems and soon will issue a global energy statistics and planning matrix for the transition to environmentally-sound sustainable economics. These standards allow integrated resource planning, including all new renewable options, such as the increasingly important direct and indirect solar energy, co-generation, hybrid systems, small decentralized units, bio-energy, ambient temperature use by heat pumps and substitutions of muscle-powered systems or vice versa, besides the more efficient production and use of conventional finite and renewable energy-sources.
Periodic homogenization models are often used to compute the elastic properties of periodic composite materials based on the shape/periodicity of a given material unit-cell. Conversely, in material design, the unit-cell is not known a priori, and the goal is to design it to attain specific properties values – inverse homogenization problem. This problem is often solved by formulating it as an optimization problem. In this approach, the unit-cell is assumed infinitely small and with periodic boundary conditions. However, in practice, the composite material comprises a finite number of measurable unit-cells and the stress/strain fields are not periodic near the structure boundary. It is thus critical to investigate whether the obtained topologies are affected when applied in the context of real composites. This is done here by scaling the unit-cell an increasing number of times and accessing the apparent properties of the resulting composite by means of standard numerical experiments.
The authors regret inserting “and 2016 Global Technology Development Project (S2444017) by the Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA)” in Acknowledgments, which should have been deleted. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
This paper considers the problem of state of charge (SOC) tracking in Li-ion batteries when the battery chemistry is unknown. It is desirable for a battery fuel gauge (BFG) to be able to perform without any offline characterization or calibration on sample batteries. All the existing approaches for battery fuel gauging require at least one set of parameters, a set of open circuit voltage (OCV) parameters, that need to be estimated offline. Further, a BFG with parameters from offline characterization will be accurate only for a “known” battery chemistry. A more desirable BFG is one that is accurate for “any” battery chemistry. In this paper, we show that by storing finite sets of OCV parameters of possible batteries, we can derive a generalized BFG using the probabilistic data association (PDA) algorithm. The PDA algorithm starts by assigning prior model probabilities (typically equal) for all the possible models in the library and recursively updates those probabilities based on the voltage and current measurements. In the event of an unknown battery to be gauged, the PDA algorithm selects the most similar OCV model to the battery from the library. We also demonstrate a strategy to select the minimum sets of OCV parameters representing a large number of Li-ion batteries. The proposed approaches are demonstrated using data from portable Li-ion batteries.
An approach is presented for the estimation of minimum PEV charging infrastructure needs, and the optimization of infrastructure deployment for highway corridors. We utilize continuous facility location models, which is distinguished from previous research that uses graph theory methods. We aim to obtain the optimal locations of publicly-funded infrastructure, to complement infrastructure provided by private industry, while carefully dealing with demand uncertainty. A case study is presented for highway corridors in the Texas Triangle megaregion. A discussion is provided on demand uncertainty and implementation considerations as well.
The biocide diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone (DIMPTS) caused dystocia, decreased neonatal survival and hypothyroidism in rat reproduction studies resembling the effects caused by iodine. One molecule of DIMPTS contains two iodine moieties that are hydrolyzed upon ingestion and systemically absorbed, suggesting iodine toxicity as a probable mode of action for the effects observed in rats. This study compared the effects induced by DIMPTS and an equimolar concentration of its de-iodinated analogue, methyl-p-tolylsulfone (MPTS). Groups of 20 female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets supplying 80mg DIMPTS/kg/day, 32mg MPTS/kg/day or control feed from prior to breeding through lactation and gonadal function, mating performance, conception, gestation, parturition, lactation, survival, growth and development of pups evaluated through postnatal day 7. Serum thyroid hormones and iodine levels in milk and sera were also determined. Females given DIMPTS had increased incidence of vulvar discharge and dystocia, decreased litter size, decreased body weights and feed consumption, increased thyroid weights, thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy with decreased colloid, decreased triidothyronine, and increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels. DIMPTS pups had decreased neonatal survival and body weights. These effects were associated with elevated levels of iodine in milk and sera. In contrast, MPTS did not produce similar effects in adult females or their offspring. These data support the hypothesis that the dystocia, altered neonatal survival and hypothyroidism following repeated dietary administration of DIMPTS were due to excessive iodine released from DIMPTS during absorption and metabolism.
Background The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of major depression has already been shown. Novel TMS coils allowing stimulation of deeper brain regions have recently been developed and studied. Objective Our study is aimed at exploring the possible efficacy of deep TMS in patients with resistant depression, who previously underwent electroconvalsive therapy (ECT). Methods Using Brainsway's deep TMS H1 coil, six patients who previously underwent ECT, were treated with 120% power of the motor threshold at a frequency of 20 Hz. Patients underwent five sessions per week, up to 4 weeks. Before the study, patients were evaluated using the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS, 24 items), the Hamilton anxiety scale, and the Beck depression inventory and were again evaluated after 5, 10, 15, and 20 daily treatments. Response to treatment was considered a reduction in the HDRS of at least 50%, and remission was considered a reduction of the HDRS-24 below 10 points. Results Two of six patients responded to the treatment with deep TMS, including one who achieved full remission. Conclusions Our results suggest the possibility of a subpopulation of depressed patients who may benefit from deep TMS treatment, including patients who did not respond to ECT previously. However, the power of the study is small and similar larger samples are needed.
The recently proposed high power density zinc–nickel single flow batteries (ZNBs) exhibit great potential for larger scale energy storage. The urgent needs are in the research into temperature adaptability of ZNBs before practical utilization. Furthermore, making clear their polarization distribution is essential to direct the further improvement of battery performance. Here, we focus on the trends in the polarization distribution and effect of temperature on the performance of ZNBs. The result shows that ZNBs can operate in the temperature range from 0 °C to 40 °C with acceptable energy efficiency (53%–79.1%) at 80 mA cm−2. The temperature sensitivity of coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency are 0.65% °C−1 and 0.98% °C−1 at 0 °C–20 °C, respectively. The positive polarization is much larger than the negative polarization at all studied temperatures. The charge overpotential of the positive electrode is more sensitive to temperature. These results enable us to better evaluate the application prospect of ZNBs and point a clear struggling orientation to further improve the battery performance.
A hollow carbon nanofiber supported sulfur (HCNF-S) composite cathode material is prepared by a mixed-solvent (DMF/CS2) process in an organic solution for lithium–sulfur batteries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show the hollow structures of the HCNF and the homogeneous distribution of sulfur in the composite. The performance of the HCNF-S cathode is evaluated in lithium-sulfur batteries using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the HCNF-S cathode shows perfect cycling stability. The results exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 1090 mAh g−1 and retains 600 mAh g−1 after 100 discharge/charge cycles at a high rate of 1 C. The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the hollow and highly conductive network-like structure of HCNFs, which contribute to disperse sulfur and absorb polysulfides, and suppress the formation of residual Li2S layer.
These two studies assessed adapted orientation technology for promoting correct direction and room identification during indoor traveling by persons with multiple (e.g., sensory, motor and intellectual/adaptive) disabilities. In Study I, two adults were included who had severe visual impairment or total blindness and deafness and used a wheelchair for traveling. In Study II, two adults participated who had visual impairment or total blindness but were ambulatory. All participants were to travel to different rooms located along a hallway to carry out small activities. The orientation technology ensured that the participants received (a) a verbal instruction to go to their right or left and/or a vibratory cue to the right or left side of their body as soon as they exited a room to orient their travel within the hallway and (b) a similar verbal instruction and/or vibratory cue to turn and enter when they reached the next target room entrance. Results of both studies showed that the participants on wheelchairs and those able to ambulate were successful in using the technology, orient their travel, and find the appropriate room entrances. The findings are discussed in relation to the importance of independent indoor traveling and the impact of the new technology.
The in vitro micronucleus (IVM) test is currently used as a screen during the early stages of pharmaceutical development to identify chemicals likely to produce positive outcomes in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay. For several reasons, the assay is being considered as an alternative to the aberration assay, but the current screening protocols are not rigorous enough to fully satisfy concerns about genotoxic safety. This manuscript describes the investigation of several protocol parameters to assist with the development of a regulatory guideline for the IVM test. The parameters investigated are: the effect of cytochalasin B on the outcome of the assay when conducted with continually growing cell lines; the need for an extended exposure in the absence of metabolic activation; and the number of cells to be counted for a valid assay. In addition, two statistical procedures for the analysis of data from the test are described. The results of the investigation indicate that cytochalasin B does not effect the outcome of the test, that the extended exposure treatment is not necessary, that counting 2000 cells is preferable to counting 1000, and that the data can be appropriately analyzed using a trend test.
THE Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has reported that materials science researchers have created a fast track that allows for the rapid transit of electrical energy through a well-known battery material, lithium iron phosphate. It is an advance that could usher in smaller, lighter batteries for cell phones and other devices that could recharge in seconds rather than hours. They have done it by creating a new surface structure that allows the lithium ions to move quickly around the outside of the material. Calculations showed that lithium ions can indeed move very quickly into the material but only through tunnels accessed from the surface, allowing rapid recharging. If a lithium ion at the surface is directly in front of a tunnel entrance, there's no problem. But in the standard material, if the ion isn't directly in front, it is prevented from reaching the tunnel entrance because it cannot move to access that entrance. Using their new processing technique, the researchers went on to make a small battery that could be fully charged or discharged in 10 to 20 seconds (it takes six minutes to fully charge or discharge a cell made from the unprocessed material). The work, reported in Nature, means that smaller, lighter batteries could be produced in future with possible major implications for electric car technology.
In Williams syndrome (WS) cerebellar measures were only indirectly related to behavioral outcomes. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and neuropsychological data were acquired to investigate whether cerebellar vermis differences were present in 12 WS individuals compared with 13 chronological age-matched controls and whether WS cerebellar vermis measures were related to cognitive scores. In WS participants, we observed a significant increase in the volume of the posterior superior cerebellar vermis (lobules VI–VII) and an atypical ratio between width and height of the cerebellar vermis. Furthermore, we found an inverse correlation between cerebellar posterior vermis volume and scores on implicit learning, phonological fluency and the verbal short-term memory tasks. The present study supported a role for the posterior cerebellar vermis in higher cognitive processes and indicated that the cerebellar vermis abnormalities (enlargement) in WS individuals have an effect in worsening the cognitive performance in specific domains.
A facile hydrothermal method is invoked for direct template-free synthesis of nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4)-decorated porous carbon nanosheets using polymeric 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the precursor. The nanocomposite materials (named as NC-ECN) so fabricated were characterized by a variety of different techniques (viz. SEM/TEM, XPS, EDX etc.). These novel NC-ECN nanocomposites, which exhibit flower-like morphology and excellent electrochemical properties such as good electric conductivity and redox properties, high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability and cyclability, are shown to be desirable for high-performance pseudosupercapacitor applications. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, the NC-ECN modified electrode was found to exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 596.8Fg−1 measured at a current density of 2Ag−1 over an aqueous 6.0M KOH electrolyte solution. Moreover, the fabricated supercapacitor is also found to have excellent cyclability, retaining ca. 98% of its capacitance over more than 3,000 charge-discharge cycles. The excellent pseudocapacitive performances observed for the NC-ECN electrode results are attributed to the synergistic effect of redox characteristics of binary metal oxide and the improved electric conductivity of the porous ECN carbon nanosheets, which effectively enhances kinetics of ion diffusion.
The development of supercapacitors requires fundamental understanding of the ion adsorption and charge storage mechanism. Salanne et al. review both chemical and physical aspects of the mechanism in carbon- and oxide-based supercapacitors.
In this paper, we report on the physicochemical properties of mixed electrolytes based on an ionic liquid N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidiniumbis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13TFSI), organic additives, and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) for high safety lithium-ion batteries. The proposed optimal content of ionic liquid in the mixed electrolyte is 65 vol%, which results in non- flammability, high thermal stability, a wide electrochemical window of 4.8V, low viscosity, low bulk resistance and the lowest interface resistance to lithium anode. The effects of the concentration of LiTFSI in the above electrolyte are critical to the rate performance of the LiFePO4-based battery. We have found the suitable LiTFSI concentration (0.3M) for good capacity retention and rate capability.
Conventional zinc bromide electrolytes offer low ionic conductivity and often trigger severe zinc dendrite growth in zinc-bromine flow batteries. Here we report an improved electrolyte modified with methanesulfonic acid, which not only improves the electrolyte conductivity but also ameliorates zinc dendrite. Experimental results also reveal that the kinetics and reversibility of Zn2+/Zn and Br2/Br− are improved in this modified electrolyte. Moreover, the battery's internal resistance is significantly reduced from 4.9 to 2.0 Ω cm2 after adding 1 M methanesulfonic acid, thus leading to an improved energy efficiency from 64% to 75% at a current density of 40 mA cm−2. More impressively, the battery is capable of delivering an energy efficiency of about 78% at a current density of as high as 80 mA cm−2 when the electrode is replaced by a thermally treated one. Additionally, zinc dendrite growth is found to be effectively suppressed in methanesulfonic acid supported media, which, as a result, enables the battery to be operated for 50 cycles without degradation, whereas the one without methanesulfonic acid suffers from significant decay after only 40 cycles, primarily due to severe zinc dendrite growth. These superior results indicate methanesulfonic acid is a promising supporting electrolyte for zinc-bromine flow batteries.
The participation of cations in redox reactions of manganese oxides provides an opportunity for development of chemical sensors for non-electroactive ions. This paper describes the amperometric determination of lithium ions using carbon-paste electrode modified with spinel manganese(IV) oxide under flow conditions. Systematic investigations were made to optimize the experimental parameters for lithium sensor by flow injection analysis. The detection was based on the measurement of anodic current generated by oxidation of Mn(III) to Mn(IV) at the surface of the electrode and consequently the lithium ions extraction into the spinel structure. An operating potential of 0.50V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 KClmol/L) was exploited for amperometric monitoring. The amperometric signal was linearly dependent on the lithium ions concentration over the range 4.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−3 molL−1. The equilibrium constant of insertion/extraction of the lithium ion in the spinel structure, apparent Gibbs energy of insertion, and surface coverage of the electrode with manganese oxide, were calculated by peak charge (Q) in different concentration under flow conditions. Considering selectivity, the peak charge of the sensor was found to be linearly dependent on the ionic radius of the alkaline and earth-alkaline cations.
Bio-inspired algorithms like Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) are nowadays widely adopted as hybrid techniques in improving goods and services. In this paper we present an interesting application of the fuzzy-GA paradigm to the problem of energy flows management in microgrids, concerning the design, through a data driven synthesis procedure, of an Energy Management System (EMS). The main aim consists in performing decision making for power flow management tasks in the proposed microgrid model, equipped by renewable sources and an energy storage system, aiming to maximize the accounting profit in energy trading with the main-grid. In particular this study focuses on the application of a Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm (HGA) for tuning the Rule Base (RB) of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), trying to discover a minimal fuzzy rules set as the core inference engine of an an EMS. The HGA rationale focuses on a particular encoding scheme, based on control genes and parametric genes, applied to the optimization of the FIS parameters, allowing to perform a reduction in the structural complexity of the RB. A performance comparison is performed with a simpler approach based on a classic fuzzy-GA scheme, where both FIS parameters and rule weights are tuned, while the number of fuzzy rules is fixed in advance. Experiments shows how the fuzzy-HGA approach adopted for the synthesis of the proposed controller outperforms the classic fuzzy-GA scheme, increasing the accounting profit by 67% in the considered energy trading problem, yielding at the same time a simpler RB.
Bushnik T. Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care 2002−2007. During the years 2002 to 2007, 16 Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care (TBIMS) were funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research to conduct site-specific and collaborative research projects, including contribution to a longitudinal database, within comprehensive systems of care specialized for people with traumatic brain injury. The TBIMS program has been in existence since 1987 and has undergone significant modifications over these years. Herein I provide an overview of the changes that occurred in the 2002−2007 funding cycle, the research initiatives that were carried out during that time, and brief descriptions of the 13 original TBIMS research articles included in this issue of Archives.
The electrolyte additive has significant impact on the electrochemical performance of the alloy anode material for sodium-ion batteries. In this work, the surface structure, component and electrochemical performance of the SiC-Sb-C electrode in FEC-free and -containing electrolyte have been investigated by XPS, FTIR, EIS and electrochemical characterizations. The experimental results suggest that FEC actually participates in the formation process of the SEI films on the surface of the electrode. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, a double-layer SEI film mechanism should be suggested and can well explain the mutation of the resistant and potential observed in the charge/discharge curves and EIS. Therefore, the presence of FEC in the electrolyte can minimize the reductive decomposition of the electrolyte and change the morphology, structure and chemical component of the electrode, resulting in the improvement of the electrochemical performance of the electrode.