batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Bacterial cellulose (BC) was used as a raw material to produce freestanding carbon aerogels (CAs). The CAs were further decorated with Ni and MnO2/Ni(OH)2 hybrid via electrodeposition and redox reaction to produce carbon nanofiber networks decorated with electrochemically active metal and metal compounds. The properties of this novel material as supercapacitor electrodes were investigated. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was examined in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic charge–discharge (CCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results showed that a specific capacitance of 109 F g−1 was achieved at the current density of 1 A g−1. The electrodes could deliver an energy density of 9.4 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 4 KW kg−1 and demonstrated a high cyclability. These results showed great potential of this new material for supercapacitor electrodes. A flexible solid-state supercapacitor prototype was prepared using this material to demonstrate its function as a power source for a LED light. This study provided a new way to use BC as a biobased low-cost material for the fabrication of energy storage devices.
Some of the aging mechanisms occurring in Li ion batteries, either on rest or on cycling, are described from long-term storage or cycling data. Generally, the most critical part of the cell is the negative electrode/electrolyte interface. Stability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), more generally of the passivating layer, must be insured by proper material choice and additives. Excessive growth induces with time a capacity loss corresponding to the lithium corrosion, and a reduction of power capability of the electrode, from the active surface area degradation. In a worst case, reduction of charge rate capability may lead to local lithium plating during cycling, strongly aggravating the capacity fading. When the SEI is correctly built, with low electronic conductivity, the negative electrode stability can be very stable, as described by long-term aging (more than 4 years) at higher temperature than ambient. Vinylen carbonate is confirmed as outstanding additive. At elevated temperature, high SOC induces side reactions at the positive interface, involving electrolyte components oxidation. The results are an increase of cell impedance, and possible slow CO2 evolution. Presence of lithium carbonate greatly enhanced the gas formation. The observed impedance increase indicates a reduction of the active surface area, in agreement with solid deposit. When properly designed with an appropriate choice of active materials and electrolyte, the Li ion system can provide a very long service.
Currently one of the most promising power solutions for remote rural areas and isolated islands which are far away from utility grid is the stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy system or hybrid solar–wind power system. This paper presents the investigation results of a real remote solar PV project on an island in Hong Kong. The stand-alone PV system, rated at 19.8kWp, is established on a remote island for power generation to local residents. Power on this island was originally supplied by diesel generators and this new solar energy system has significantly reduced fuel costs and alleviated environmental pollution. The on-site entire system’s operating data was collected for one whole year in 2011, and the energy performance of the PV array, inverters, battery bank and the entire PV system were analyzed in terms of daily energy balance, normalized performance parameters and overall system energy utilization ratio. The results from this long term system monitoring and its evaluation enables a detailed inspection of system operating performance with respect to the technical issues, which provides a useful reference for future applications of solar photovoltaics in remote islands.
One hypothesized reason for the lower rates of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) response among older as compared to younger anxiety patients is that they are more likely to show age-related deficits in executive skills, which are complex cognitive skills involved in the regulation of negative affect. Following an 8-week baseline period, this pilot study tested CBT augmented with an executive skills training program, Attention Process Training II (Sohlberg, Johnson, Paule, Raskin, & Mateer, 2001) against standard CBT in a small sample of 8 older adults with generalized anxiety disorder (comorbidity allowed) and low scores on executive skills tests. Those who received the augmented version (CBT/APT) evidenced more improvement on executive skills and a weekly process measure of worry than those who received CBT. All of the participants in CBT/APT, as compared to half the participants in CBT, met criteria for response, and more in CBT/APT met criteria for high endstate functioning at posttreatment and follow-up. It may be fruitful to test the intervention in a larger sample, and to continue to investigate the role of executive skills in CBT outcome and anxiety treatment.
One-dimensional alpha manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) nanorods synthesized by a hydrothermal route were explored as the starting material for preparing lithium manganese spinel LiMn2O4. Pure and highly crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 was easily obtained from α-MnO2 nanorods through a low-temperature solid-state reaction route, while Mn2O3 impurity was present along with the spinel phase when commercial MnO2 was used as starting material. The particle size of LiMn2O4 prepared from α-MnO2 nanorods was about 100nm with a homogenous distribution. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the LiMn2O4 thus prepared exhibited a higher capacity than that prepared from commercial MnO2. Therefore, α-MnO2 nanorods are proved to be a promising starting material for the preparation of high quality LiMn2O4.
Two samples of commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Sigma–Aldrich and Sun Nanotech) and a sample of carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R) were investigated in raw state and after the activation in nitric and sulfuric acid by ultrasound agitation. Atomic force microscopy revealed that activated Sigma–Aldrich nanotubes are straight with corrugated walls (bamboo-like structure), while Sun Nanotech nanotubes are tortuous with smooth walls. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups was formed on both Sigma–Aldrich and Sun Nanotech carbon nanotubes, as well as on carbon black surfaces. Electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the electrochemically active surface area of all carbon samples is expanded, charge storage ability is enhanced and the electron-transfer kinetics, probed by Fe ( CN ) 6 3 - / Fe ( CN ) 6 4 - redox couple, is promoted upon activation. The characteristics of carbon nanotubes were superior to carbon black. Morphology of the carbon nanotubes was found to be important; nanotubes with corrugated walls showed faster electron-transfer and pseudocapacitive redox kinetics than nanotubes with smooth walls. This was explained by the higher proportion of edge and defect sites, which are known as more electrochemically active than the walls of uniform graphene structure.
Small, lightweight LED implants and a radio-frequency transducer as a power source enable wireless optogenetic stimulation in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system of behaving mice.
In the search of high-performance materials for lithium ion batteries, Li2CoPO4F offers many advantages like high theoretical capacity and high operating potential. The synthesis of Li2CoPO4F has been reinvestigated considering a conventional solid state reaction and an unconventional way. Due to the long heat-treatments required by the conventional approach, a beginning of grains coalescence is observed. Limiting particles growth has been allowed by a shorter reaction done by SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering). By this method, the synthesis of Li2CoPO4F was greatly shortened (from 10h to 9min), which favours the getting of submicrometric particles. The comparison of the electrochemical properties of the Li2CoPO4F obtained by the different ways confirms the advantages of SPS synthesis in performance enhancement.
There has been increasing interest in using video telehealth to deliver evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs). Telehealth may have numerous advantages over standard in-person care, including decreasing patients’ and providers’ costs and increasing system coverage area. However, little is known regarding the effectiveness of EBPs via video telehealth. This review had two goals, including a review of the existing literature and ongoing research on using video telehealth technologies to deliver EBPs as well as an informal survey of telehealth experts to discuss the special considerations and challenges present in adapting practices to video telehealth. Together, findings suggest that telehealth practices could represent an important component of the future of psychotherapy and clinical practice, especially in dissemination and implementation of EBPs in traditionally underserved areas and populations.
Locomotive syndrome (LS) is associated with weakness and loss of function in the musculoskeletal organs. We aimed to determine the association between LS components and blood parameters in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
SAR approaches to the study of genotoxic phenomena are finding increased applications. However, the data being modeled are frequently not considered optimal due to the small size of the dataset and an uneven distribution of genotoxicants and non-genotoxicants in the dataset. The effects of such imbalances on the performance of one SAR approach were investigated with respect to the modeling of the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepotocytes and of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in cultural CHO cells. The analyses indicate that if genotoxicants exceed non-genotoxicants, the performance of the SAR model can be improved if the dataset is supplemented with physiological chemicals which are assumed to be non-genotoxicants. On the other hand, if non-genotoxicants exceed genotoxicants, it was found that the predictive performance of the resulting SAR model is not improved by removal of genotoxicants from the dataset to achieve a ratio of genotoxicants/genotoxicants of unity. Overall, the present analyses did not result in the development of SAR models of greatly increased predictivity. Conceivably, for the particular datasets and SAR paradigm the limit of predictivity has been reached. The possibility of investigating the use of a “battery” of SAR paradigms should be considered.
The huge genome (8.7 Mb) and developmental complexity of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) present significant challenges for functional genomics. Nevertheless, effective microarrays of PCR-generated gene fragments have been generated in two laboratories, and significant information is accruing from proteome analysis. Genomewide transposon mutagenesis and highly efficient PCR-targeted gene disruption are making genetic intervention straightforward.
Impairments in either “cool” or “hot” processes may represent two pathways to deficient decision-making. Whereas cool processes are associated with cognitive and rational decisions, hot processes are associated with emotional, affective, and visceral processes. In this study, 168 boys were administered a card-playing task at ages 13 and 14 years to assess response perseveration. This task was designed to initially reward playing and gradually associate playing with punishment. Measures of subjective ordering (cool processes) and neuroticism (hot processes) at age 13 years were used to examine how these individual characteristics relate to perseveration over time. A decrease in perseveration from age 13 to 14 was associated with cool processes whereas hot processes were associated with response perseveration only over time. A complementary but simultaneous assessment of cool and hot processes, such as neuropsychological and personality tests, could facilitate treatment planning of children with behavioral problems.
This paper presents an overview of the SeaBeavI project which began in the fall of 2006 and culminated in the ocean testing of a 10kW direct-drive wave energy conversion system in the fall of 2007. The SeaBeavI project was an interdisciplinary effort bringing together researchers from electrical, mechanical, and ocean engineering. A systems design approach was used to develop the taut-moored dual-body wave energy converter concept with the detailed design focused on production and ease of maintenance.
To address the impact of using multiple sources of data in the United States Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) compared to using only one source of data to identify those with neuropsychiatric diagnoses.
Three polyimide membranes (polymer 0CN, copolymers 0CN/2CN (50/50) and polymer 2CN), with and without CN dipolar groups, have been prepared by electrospinning and evaluated as lithium-ion battery separators. The prepared membranes show average fiber diameters between 0.5 and 1.09μm and a degree of porosity of ~80%. The thermal stability, uptake, tortuosity and ionic conductivity values are influenced by the presence of the CN dipolar groups in the polyimide polymer chain. The best battery performance in LFP/Li system is obtained for the 0CN sample, which shows discharge capacity values of 149.7mAh·g−1, 146.5mAh·g−1 and 124.6mAh·g−1 at C/20, C/10 and C/5, respectively. The obtained high solution uptake, ionic conductivity values and rate capability show that these materials are promising candidates for battery separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, when compared to glass microfiber separators.
The specific heat capacities of a polymer electrolyte and a polymer-containing composite cathode have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry in the range from 70 to 140°C. This range well includes the operating temperature range of the devices incorporating these materials (lithium polymer batteries). The determination of the specific heat capacities of the battery polymeric components was driven by the need of designing high performance devices.
Muscle strength is believed to be an important factor contributing to postural control, yet surprisingly few studies have explicitly examined the relationship between muscle weakness and postural instability. In this article, Horlings et al. search the current literature for evidence indicating that muscle weakness is a risk factor for falls, citing studies performed in elderly individuals and in patients with focal muscular deficits. In addition, they consider the effects of muscle strength training on falls and balance measures.
An issue that limits the large-scale application of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) is their low power density, which is associated with the slow reaction kinetics of vanadium redox couples. To enhance the activities of the electrode toward vanadium redox couples, modifying carbon electrode surfaces with heteroatom doping is an effective strategy. In this work, we investigate the catalytic activity of nitrogen (N), boron (B) and phosphorus (P) doped graphite electrodes for VRFBs via density functional theory calculations. A layer of graphene is adopted to represent the surface of a graphite electrode. It is found that water adsorption is stronger with hydrogenated pyridinic N-doped and pyrrolic N-doped graphene than that of graphitic N-, B- and P-doped graphene, while the density of state of all the modified graphene remains metallic features. These results indicate good wettability and electronic conductivity of heteroatom doped graphite electrodes for VRFBs. To further evaluate their catalytic activity towards the V2+/V3+ redox reaction, the metrics of energy difference between inner-sphere and outer-sphere adsorption modes for V ( H 2 O ) 6 2 + and V ( H 2 O ) 6 3 + are considered. An interesting finding is that for the P-doped graphene surface, the catalytic activity for both V2+ and V3+ ions can be significantly improved, suggesting a promising method for developing carbon electrodes for VRFBs.
Species-specific neighborhood identity effects such as competition reduction or facilitation can positively influence growth patterns of Fagus sylvatica at a given site, but are not strong enough to overcome fundamental growth–environment interactions of European beech.
Archival tags that measure the Earth’s magnetic field could provide a new geolocation method for demersal fishes in the North Pacific Ocean. However, the presence of local magnetic field anomalies caused by geological formations such as volcanic rock and temporal fluctuations from solar storms could complicate its use in some high-latitude areas of the North Pacific Ocean. We assessed the potential value of adding geomagnetic data to a depth-based state-space model for geolocation of demersal fishes in Glacier Bay National Park, USA, a high-latitude magnetic anomaly area. We developed a high-resolution (100 m) magnetic field map of the study area and assessed in situ tag resolution by deploying 5 geomagnetic archival tags on a stationary mooring for 8 months. We compared performance of 4 theoretical geomagnetic tag measurement resolutions (low = ± 1000 nT, medium = ± 500 nT, high = ± 300 nT, and very high = ± 150 nT), 2 map resolutions (coarse- or fine-scale), and 5 methods of geomagnetic variance specification by estimating locations of simulated random walk trajectories under the different treatment scenarios using a hidden Markov model.
A multi-disciplinary research team is undertaking a trial of speech-to-text (STT) technology for clinical handover management. Speech-to-text technologies allow for the capture of handover data from voice recordings using speech recognition software and systems. The text documents created from this system can be used together with traditional handover notes and checklists to enhance the depth and breadth of data available for clinical decision-making at the point of care and so improve patient care and reduce medical errors. This paper reports on a preliminary study of perceived usability by nurses of speech-to-text technology based on interviews at a “test day” and using a user-task-technology usability framework to explore expectations of nurses of the use of speech-to-text (STT) technology for clinical handover. The results of this study will be used to design field studies to test the use of speech-to-text (STT) technologies at the point of care in several hospital settings.
Developing large-scale and highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts acts a vital role in realizing wide application of metal-air batteries. Here, we propose a gas-foaming strategy to fabricate sustainable and 3D hierarchically porous N-doped carbon with high specific surface area and abundant defects sites derived from biomass. The obtained catalyst exhibits prominent ORR property with higher half-wave potential (0.861 V) and slightly lower kinetic current density (32.44 mA cm−2), compared to Pt/C (0.856 V and 43.61 mA cm−1). Furthermore, employing it as catalyst of air cathode, the Al-air battery delivers remarkable discharge performance with excellent power density of 401 mW cm−2, distinguished energy density of 2453.4 Wh kg−1 and extremely high open-circuit voltage of 1.85 V among the reported metal-air batteries in the literatures. This gas-foaming strategy for full utilization of biomass affords a chance to explore scalable advanced catalysts in metal-air battery.
The electrochemical oxidation of the substituted phenol 2,6-di-t-butylphenol is studied at platinum electrodes using a number of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) ionic liquids (BF4, PF6 and N(CF3SO2)2), and compared with the oxidation obtained using a traditional solvent/electrolyte system (CH3OH/CH2Cl2 and LiClO4). The electrolysis leads to anodic coupling, resulting in the corresponding diphenoquinone, which upon reduction produces the biphenol. Best results were obtained for the conventional solvent and electrolyte, where the oxidation was found to take place via an indirect method. It was found that the ionic liquids performed better upon dilution with a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, yielding higher conductivities due to ion separation. Dilution studies were performed with acetonitrile, methanol, dichloromethane and acetone and the resulting increase in conductivity of the ionic liquid was in the order: acetonitrile > methanol > acetone > dichloromethane. This trend is in line with the dielectric constant and the dipole moment of the solvent used. It was found that the electrolysis proceeded best in the following order: conventional solvent/electrolyte > ionic liquid suitably diluted > ionic liquid. Among the ionic liquids, best results were obtained for [bmim][BF4]. Cyclic voltammetry data was used to further explain the electrolysis as a function of dilution.
The effects of different commercial carbon powders (Vulcan XC72R, Black Pearls 3700 and Shawiningan Black), on the performance of double-layered gas diffusion electrodes are reported. The active mass was catalysed with cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin. Various techniques such as impregnation, permeation, porosimetry, SEM observations and impedance spectroscopy were used to characterise the structure of the electrodes. The electrochemical behaviour was determined by means of polarisation curves in alkaline electrolyte. The catalytic activity and the physical characteristics of the carbon material strongly affect the performance and the life of the electrodes. The results significantly contribute to the proper selection of carbon materials and to optimisation of the electrode manufacturing technology. Besides the estimation of some structural parameters enables the correct simulation of electrode behaviour.
Constructing hybrids of transition metal oxides with different kinds of carbon based materials has attracted a lot of attention recently. However, scalable synthesis of homogeneous hybrids with active controllable of microstructure remains great challenge. Here, we proposed a convenient and efficient strategy named freeze-drying process for scalable production of 3D NiO/graphene hybrids. With a controllable procedure, NiO microflowers and graphene layers could preserve uniform configuration from fully mixed solvent to final hybrids materials. The mechanical stability and electrical conductivity of NiO microflowers was increased by graphene. NiO microflowers as spacers intercalated into graphene layers and effectively prevented it from aggregation or restacking, leading to a high specific surface area in hybrids. The NiO/graphene exhibited enhanced cycle stability and rate performance when evaluated as an anode for lithium ion batteries. It rendered high specific capacities about 1000mA h g−1 after 70 cycles, and 770mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 300mAg−1. Excellent electrochemical properties were probably ascribed to the synergistic effect of NiO microflowers and graphene layers, as a result of smart structure design by a freeze-drying route. This strategy with merits of rational construction and scalable production could establish new aspects for diverse hybrid towards industrialization.