batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived natriuretic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been frequently reported to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with contrasting results. Numerous studies showed that Met allele increased the risk of AD only in women, while other studies have found worse cognitive performance in Val/Val carriers. We aimed to inquire the effects of Val66Met polymorphism on the progression from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and from MCI to AD and to ascertain if this effect is modulated by demographic and cognitive variables. For this purpose, we followed up 74 subjects (48 SCD, 26 MCI) for a mean time of 9 years. All participants underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment, cognitive reserve estimation, BDNF and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype analysis at baseline. Personality traits and leisure activities were assessed in a subgroup. Each patient underwent clinical–neuropsychological follow-up, during which 18 out of 48 SCD subjects progressed to MCI and 14 out of 26 MCI subjects progressed to AD. We found that Val66Met increased the risk of progression from SCD to MCI and from MCI to AD only in women. Nevertheless, Val/Val carriers who progressed from SCD to MCI had a shorter conversion time compared to Met carriers. We concluded that Val66Met polymorphism might play different roles depending on sex and stage of the disease.
An Ag2V4O11 (SVO) cathode material prepared by microwave (MW)-assisted solid-state synthesis (MW-SVO) was developed for lithium primary batteries for implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs). This paper presents the results of physical–chemical and electrochemical characterizations of MW-SVO as well as those of SVO prepared by conventional thermal route (T-SVO). A specific effect of MWs which accelerates the synthesis reaction and contributes to yield a material of different morphology and degree of crystallinity compared with those of T-SVO was observed. The results of pulsed electrochemical tests carried out at 37°C in operative conditions of ICDs on Li/MW-SVO batteries with cathode mass loading sized for practical use are also reported. These tests demonstrated that MW-SVO can be used for high performing lithium primary battery delivering in few seconds the specific energy values required by ICD application.
Pristine Na3Fe0.5V1.5(PO4)3 and carbon-coated Na3Fe0.5V1.5(PO4)3 nano-particles are synthesized by one-step solid-phase reaction method. The full battery based on Na3Fe0.5V1.5(PO4)3@C nano-particles as cathode and commercial hard carbon as anode outputs a high working voltage about 3.3 V and exhibits superior-rate performance. While the rate increases from 0.5 to 1, 2 and 5 C, the discharge capacity of full battery slightly decreases from 110 to 94, 88, 79 mA h g−1 gradually. Moreover, it shows excellent cycle stability with a capacity retention of 93.8% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.
β-LiVOPO4 was prepared via a sol–gel method and exploited as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The β-LiVOPO4 anode material showed a reversible capacity higher than 380 mAh g−1 during 30 cycles; the coulombic efficiency exceeded 94%. We speculated a conversion reaction mechanism for Li recycle, VPO4 + 3Li+ + 3e− ↔ V + Li3PO4. The higher discharge capacity and cyclic ability may be due to the large PO43− ions that can alleviate the change of the cell volume during the charge/discharge processes, and the formation of Li2O during the first discharge process that can buffer the volume change in the electrodes.
Coin-like nickel hydroxide nanoplates are synthesized via a simple coordination homogeneous precipitation method. The structure and morphology of as-prepared products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that the products are typical β-nickel hydroxide with bunches coin-like nanoplates morphology. The electrochemical properties of coin-like β-Ni(OH)2 are examined by cyclic voltammetric, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscope. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the electrodes have good reversibility. A specific capacitance of 1532Fg−1 is obtained at a charge/discharge current density of 0.2Ag−1.
A high-throughput screen identified a small molecule that promoted inclusion of SMN2 exon 7, increased SMN2 protein levels and extended survival in a SMA mouse model through stabilization of the interaction between SMN2 pre-mRNA and U1 snRNP complex.
ABSTRACT Poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) was coated on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and pyrrole monomers. For comparison, rGO/polyaniline (PANi) and rGO/polypyrrole (PPy) were also prepared under the similar reaction condition, respectively. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Ultrathin layers of conducting polymers on the surface of rGO not only provide more electrochemically active sites but also shorten the distance for ion and electron transport, benefiting from the existence of strong interactions between polymeric chains and rGO. Besides, rGO in the composite can also provide an electron transfer path due to its excellent conductivity and high surface area. What is more, rGO/Copolymer exhibits the highest thermal stability and superior electrochemical stability among these composites, benefiting from its specific chemical structures, intrinsic electrochemical properties of three components, and more importantly, the synergistic effect in the composite. In 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte, the specific capacitance of rGO/Copolymer was 541Fg−1 at the scan rate of 1mVs−1, and 283Fg−1 at the scan rate of 20mVs−1, respectively, which is larger than those for rGO/PANi and rGO/PPy. After 500 cycles, capacitance retention was 86% for rGO/Copolymer. These demonstrate that rGO/Copolymer can be applied as a high-performance electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors.
Spinel LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 has been successfully synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation (UACP) method. The structure and physicochemical properties of this as-prepared powder compared with the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 synthesized by co-precipitation method were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge–discharge test in detail. XRD and SEM show that all samples have high phase purity, and ultrasonic process plays an important role in controlling morphology; FT-IR reveals that the Mn(III)–O stretching band at 511cm−1 has a red shift to 503cm−1, and the Mn(IV)–O stretching band at 612cm−1 has a blue shift to 622cm−1 because of the doped Ni. CV confirms that the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 sample (UACP) has bigger area of the reduction peaks than that of sample synthesized by co-precipitation method, indicating that the former has higher discharge capacity than that of the latter. Galvanostatic charge–discharge test indicates that the initial discharge capacities for the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 (UACP) at C/5 and 1C are 129 and 116mAhg−1, respectively. After 100 cycles, their capacity retentions are 94.6% and 85.3%, respectively. EIS indicates that LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 samples synthesized by UACP method have smaller charge transfer resistance than that of samples synthesized by co-precipitation method corresponding to the extraction of Li+ ions.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood is associated with impairment of multiple aspects of cognition which adversely affect the individual’s everyday functioning. However, little is known about how these impairments are intertwined. This study explores whether impairments in basic processes (processing speed and distractibility) in adults with ADHD explain impairments in higher order functions, namely executive functions, memory, and complex attention. Furthermore, it is explored whether pharmacological treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) affects basic processes and higher order functions. A between-subjects design compared patients with ADHD without stimulant drug treatment (N = 55) and patients with ADHD treated with MPH (N = 31) with a healthy control group (N = 80). A neuropsychological test battery assessing basic processes and higher order functions was administered. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the contribution of basic processes to impairments in higher order functions. Patients with ADHD not treated with MPH showed impairments in basic processes and higher order functions compared to controls. The impairments in basic processes explained 41–43% of impairments in executive functions, 27–29% in memory, and 56–74% in complex attention. In patients with ADHD treated with MPH, basic processes were not impaired and did not contribute significantly to impairments of higher order functions. Basic processes may constitute part of the foundation of cognitive impairments in adult ADHD. MPH may improve cognitive performance, presumably through improving basic processes. Applying this information could optimize neuropsychological assessments and inform treatment strategies by targeting basic processes.
Anode materials for lithium-ion batteries based on iron oxides were synthesized using two different methods: a Low External Temperature Method (LETM) and a conventional Solid State Reaction Method (SSRM). Both methods lead to the formation of final products representing a mixture of two phases: approximately 75% LiFeO2 and 25% Li−xFe5O8 (0  <  x  ≤ 0.1). When compared with the ordinary solid state synthesis, LETM creates conditions for carrying out the synthesis at a lower external calcination temperature (200 °C) over a shorter period. The properties of the LixFeyOz obtained by the LETM were compared with those of the same compound obtained by SSR at 700 °C. Higher initial discharge capacity was displayed by the sample synthesized by the SSR method, while a superior cycling stability was shown by the sample synthesized by the LETM. The latter shows approximately double capacity at the 30th cycle as compared with the sample synthesized by SSRM.
With the consideration of optimizing the performance of the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), the oxidation reaction mechanism of VO2+ on a rotating graphite disk electrode has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization in sulfuric acid solutions with various pH and vanadium concentrations. Furthermore, the reaction orders of VO2+ and H+ for the oxidation reaction of VO2+ have been calculated from the polarization results and compared with the theoretical results according to the possible reaction mechanisms available in the literature. However, a new oxidation reaction mechanism has been proposed to describe the oxidation of VO2+ at last, and the theoretic reaction orders of VO2+ and H+ based on the new mechanism are consistent with the experimental results when the electrochemical reaction is the rate-limited process. Moreover, a corresponding kinetic equation has been established for the oxidation reaction of VO2+ on a spectroscopically pure graphite electrode, and can be well used to predict the polarization behavior in V (IV) acidic solutions.
In this paper the environmental performance of an advanced hybrid energy storage system, comprising high power and high energy lithium iron phosphate cells, is compared with a stand alone battery concept composed of lithium manganese oxide cells. The methodology used to analyse the environmental impacts is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The manufacturing, use phase and end-of-life of the battery packs are assessed for twelve impact categories. The functional unit is 1km driven under European average conditions. The present study assesses the environmental performance of the two battery packs for two scenarios: scenario 1 with a vehicle total drive range of 150,000km and scenario 2 with total driving range of the car of 300,000km. The results of scenario 1 show that the increased efficiency of the hybrid system reduces, in general, the environmental impact during the use stage, although the manufacturing stage has higher impact than the benchmark. Scenario 2 shows how the extended lifetime of the hybrid system benefits the emissions per km driven.
The transcription factor Elf3, which is one of over 25 Ets family members, is expressed in a wide variety of carcinomas and has been shown to promote the transcription of many genes implicated in cancer. To understand how the Elf3 gene is regulated at the transcriptional level, we probed its 5′-flanking region, and we report here the identification of both proximal and distal regions that regulate murine Elf3 promoter activity. In addition to mapping the transcription start site of the Elf3 gene, the work described in this study identifies four cis-regulatory elements in the proximal promoter region of the gene. These include a cis-regulatory element previously designated ESE, a κB site, a POU motif, and a CCAAT box. In addition, we demonstrate that a novel 94 bp region 2 kb upstream of the transcription start site significantly elevates Elf3 promoter activity in F9-differentiated cells, but not in the parental F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. This region appears to be largely responsible for the increase in Elf3 promoter activity that accompanies the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells.
The orthorhombic and hydrated vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) films are fabricated via a facile electrodeposition method followed with a controllable annealing process. Served as sodium ion batteries (SIBs) cathode, the hydrated V2O5 film exhibits enhanced sodium storage performance over the orthorhombic V2O5 film, originating from faster diffusion reaction kinetics, better electrochemical reaction reversibility, and smaller electrochemical reaction resistance. To be specific, the hydrated V2O5 film maintains a high capacity of 166mAhg−1 after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 200mAg−1 between −1.5V and 0.5V (vs. an Ag/Ag+ reference electrode). Moreover, it reveals outstanding rate capability with reversible discharge capacities of 133mAhg−1 at 1000mAg−1 and 121mAhg−1 at 2000mAg−1, which are higher than those of orthorhombic V2O5 film (41mAhg−1 at 1000mAg−1 and 34mAhg−1 at 2000mAg−1). The significant enhancement in sodium-ion storage capacity and high-rate performance of the hydrated V2O5 film is mainly due to its lager interlamellar spacing, which can promote the insertion/extraction of Na+, and the presence of V4+ accompanied with oxygen vacancies, which might improve the electronic conductivity and alleviate the stress caused by volume expansion.
To understand the delithiation behavior of particles of different sizes, we developed a centrifugation method to separate particles in a chemically-delithiated Li0.49FePO4 with respect to their size. Small particles were obtained at high centrifuge speed whereas large particles were obtained at low centrifuge speed. The proportions of FePO4 and LiFePO4 in the separated particles were investigated to understand their delithiation behavior. Small particles were almost fully-transformed to FePO4 whereas large particles were still mostly LiFePO4. The inhomogeneous delithiation of particles could be also observed in the electrode. The electrode showed a voltage overshoot in the middle of the two-phase region during charging. Considering that the voltage overshoot is related to nucleation, this observation indicates that some particles in the middle of two-phase region are still in the LiFePO4 phase that must be nucleated. The inhomogeneous delithiation behavior of LiFePO4 particles of different sizes may be an intrinsic property irrespective of the delithiation method. To improve the utilization of active materials, the inhomogeneous delithiation of particles should be minimized by engineering the configuration of the electrode.
This study examined 5- and 6-year-olds’ suggestibility and interviewer demeanor as joint predictors of their memory for a novel experience. Session 1 consisted of children taking part in a novel laboratory event. Session 2 took place after approximately a 1-week delay and consisted of children completing both a memory test concerning what happened during the prior event and the Video Suggestibility Scale for Children (VSSC). During the second session, the interviewer behaved either supportively or nonsupportively. Greater acquiescence on the VSSC was associated with fewer correct responses to misleading questions about the laboratory event in the supportive and nonsupportive conditions and with more errors in response to specific questions in the nonsupportive condition. Results indicate that individual differences in children’s suggestibility are related to the accuracy of their memory for separate events, although some of these relations may vary depending on the context in which children are interviewed.
High-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are urgently required to meet the requirement of the widespread use of energy storage devices from small-to large-scale applications. In this regard, ultra-small nanocrystalline SnO2 particles with a size of ∼3 nm are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method and investigated as a high capacity anode material for LIBs. The SnO2 anode shows a high reversible capacity of 1026 mAh g−1 at a current density of 150 mA g−1. The kinetic study of the anode material is conducted and compared using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques and the lithium diffusion coefficient at open circuit potential is calculated to be 3.71978 × 10−13, 1.818 × 10−14, and ∼1.82 × 10−16 cm2 s−1, respectively. The reaction mechanism of highly reversible SnO2 nanoparticles is investigated using ex-situ XRD, XPS, in-situ X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, and TEM and the results reveal the formation of lithium-tin alloy in the lithiated electrode and reversible formation of SnO2 upon delithiation.
The use of colloidal material offers an interesting alternative to top down approaches for the realization of low cost infrared detectors. We demonstrate photoconduction in thin films of a colloidal material in the mid-infrared (up to 7μm), using HgTe colloidal quantum dots. Thin films of the colloidal quantum dots have a large absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), and the photoconductive response is dramatically improved by encapsulating the nanoparticle into an inorganic matrix of As2S3. Such devices show fast response and large detectivity (>1010 jones) at temperatures above 200K.
Here, a class of organometallic compounds, metallocenes, are explored to serve as both catholyte and anolyte redox species for non-aqueous lithium-based redox flow battery (Li-RFB) applications. The prototype of all-metallocene-based Li-RFB exploits ferrocene (FeCp2) and cobaltocene (CoCp2) as the redox-active cathode and anode, respectively. The reaction rate constants of metallocenes are determined to be as high as 10−3 cm s−1, two orders greater than most redox-active materials applied in conventional redox flow batteries. This designed Li-RFB yields a working potential of 1.7 V, and by introduction of methyl groups on the ligand rings of CoCp2, the working potential can be further increased to 2.1 V. The fabricated full cell shows capacity retention of over 99% per cycle with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of >95% and an energy efficiency of >85%. These results demonstrate a generic design route towards high performance non-aqueous RFBs via rational screening and functionalization of metallocenes.
Bis(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl) ethylphosphonate (TFEP) is first synthesized as a flame retardant additive for conventional carbonate electrolyte to improve the safety of lithium ion batteries. The inflammability and electrochemical stability of the TFEP containing electrolyte are studied. The self-extinguishing time test shows that TFEP provides a significant suppression of the flammability of the electrolyte. When adding 20% TFEP, the electrolyte cannot be ignited, exhibiting superior flame retardancy. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical charge/discharge tests show that TFEP has insignificant impact on the electrodes’ electrochemical performance. The results demonstrate that TFEP can be used as a novel highly effective safety additive for lithium ion batteries.
Hybrid Membrane Technology (HMT) media developed by DuPont of Wilmington, Delaware, USA, has been specified for use in filters by Total Separation Solutions Llc (TSS). The filters will be used to clean oil-field completion fluids.
The lithium-rich layered materials have received much attention as high-energy-density cathodes to cater for future lithium-ion batteries. However, the growth of detrimental spinel configuration upon cycling can destroy the stability of structures and become the significant challenge for their commercialization. In view of previous research of alkali metal doping, we have successfully prepared the surface K+ doped Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, which delivers an outstanding cycling durability with 99.96% of fully activated capacity (260 mAh g−1) even after 100 cycles. Moreover, the K+ doped material displays less voltage fading, demonstrating the alleviation of structure transformation from layered toward spinel phase. The effects of K+ doping were further investigated by the soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Mn L-edges and the O K-edge prove that the doped K+ may play an indispensable role in stabilizing the surface O2 2− and facilitating the reduction of Mn3+ ion with undesirable Jahn-Teller effect towards lower valence Mn2+.
Mesoporous nickel electrodes (MNEs) are efficient structural materials for advanced electrochemical sensors due to their extremely high surface areas. However, the poor oxidation resistance of nano-sized nickel in air severely limits their applications. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to improve the oxidation resistance of MNEs by applying relatively stable gold coatings via electroplating. The results revealed that the gold coatings provided excellent oxidation resistance to MNEs, and a loss in amperometric sensitivity for glucose sensing was not observed. The protection time increased with an increase as the thickness of the gold coating (passing charges of 0–25.49C/cm2), and protection times ranging from a few hours to 2 weeks were obtained. With an alkaline electrolyte (NaOH, 4M), MNEs exhibited excellent sensitivities. For instance, the sensitivity of the unmodified MNE and the Au coated-MNE was 3238 and 2978μAmM−1 cm−2, respectively. Thus, coated and uncoated MNEs displayed remarkably higher linear sensitivities than conventional nickel-based electrodes (394μAmM−1 cm−2) at a wide range of glucose concentrations (0.001–3M).
The process of assessing patient symptoms and functionality using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and functional performance status (FPS) is an essential aspect of patient-centered oncology research and care. However, PRO and FPS measures are often employed separately or inconsistently combined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the level of association between PRO and FPS measures to determine their differential or combined utility.