batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used as power sources in commercial products, such as laptops, electric vehicles (EVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In order to ensure a continuous power supply, the functionality and reliability of lithium-ion batteries have received considerable attention. In this paper, a battery capacity prognostic method is developed to estimate the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries. This capacity prognostic method consists of a relevance vector machine and a conditional three-parameter capacity degradation model. The relevance vector machine is used to derive the relevance vectors that can be used to find the representative training vectors containing the cycles of the relevance vectors and the predictive values at the cycles of the relevance vectors. The conditional three-parameter capacity degradation model is developed to fit the predictive values at the cycles of the relevance vectors. Extrapolation of the conditional three-parameter capacity degradation model to a failure threshold is used to estimate the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries. Three instance studies were conducted to validate the developed method. The results show that the developed method is able to predict the future health condition of lithium-ion batteries.
We have investigated the roles of the antioxidant glutathione and p53 in the response of embryonic stem (ES) cells to oxidative stress. ES cells express γGCS, a critical enzyme in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Treatment with the pro-oxidant menadione led to elevation of GSH, a strong apoptotic response and reduced clonogenic survival. Addition of BSO, a specific γGCS inhibitor depleted GSH pools and prevented the menadione-induced increase in GSH, sensitizing cells to oxidative insult. Although p53 status had no bearing on either the basal levels of GSH or the menadione-induced GSH response, the levels of menadione-induced apoptosis were reduced in the absence of p53. We conclude that the pathways involving p53 and GSH act independently to protect against the deleterious effects of oxidative damage. Furthermore, the presence of an intact p53 pathway confers a long-term growth advantage post oxidative stress. Thus, in the absence of p53 ES cells bearing genotoxic damage are less likely to be propagated, suggesting that p53-dependent apoptosis acts to limit the deleterious effects of oxidative stress during early development.
The phase controllable synthesis of carbon-coated monoclinic LiMnBO3 (m-LiMnBO3/C) and hexagonal LiMnBO3 (h-LiMnBO3/C) composites has been achieved via an in-situ carbothermal solid state synthesis approach only through the modulation of the reaction temperature. The h-LiMnBO3/C particles keep high cycle stability and retain 86.5% of the initial discharge capacity (90.7 mAh g−1) after 40 cycles at 0.05 C (11 mA g−1) within 1.25–4.80 V, while the m-LiMnBO3/C composites display a first discharge capacity of 107 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 80.8% after 40 cycles. The rate performance of m-LiMnBO3/C has been tested for the first time, which has a capacity of 74.4 mAh g−1 at the discharge rate of 0.1 C (22 mA g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance might be largely attributed to the uniformly coated carbon layers and the reduced particle size of the as-obtained products. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis reveals that the smaller charge transfer resistance (R ct) and higher electronic conductivity of the LiMnBO3/C composites were obtained at 55 °C than those at 25 °C. The as-obtained LiMnBO3/C composites with controllable phases and high performances enable their promising applications as cathode materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
The interrelation between needs for care and quality of life has been described and replicated by several studies. The present work aims to add to the understanding of longitudinal interrelations between needs for care, quality of life, and other outcome measures by analyzing a sample of patients at the onset of schizophrenia. This study relied on data from the EUFEST trial, designed to compare first- and second-generation antipsychotics during 1 year. At baseline, 498 patients have been included. The first (baseline) and the last assessment (12 months after baseline) were used for the analyses. Predictors of quality of life were determined using regression analyses. We tested the complex longitudinal interrelations between baseline and outcome measures with structural equation models. Unmet needs were not definitively confirmed as a predictor of subsequent quality of life, unless unmet needs changing to no needs were separated from unmet needs changing to met needs. Each unmet need that changed to no need enhanced the quality of life (mean score 1–7) by 0.136 scale points. This study suggests that when studying quality of life and needs for treatment, it is crucial to differentiate whether unmet needs disappeared or whether they were met, as the former has a stronger impact on quality of life.
Modern applications of lithium-ion batteries such as smartphones, hybrid & electric vehicles and grid scale electricity storage demand long lifetime and high performance which typically makes them the limiting factor in a system. Understanding the state-of-health during operation is important in order to optimise for long term durability and performance. However, this requires accurate in-operando diagnostic techniques that are cost effective and practical. We present a novel diagnosis method based upon differential thermal voltammetry demonstrated on a battery pack made from commercial lithium-ion cells where one cell was deliberately aged prior to experiment. The cells were in parallel whilst being thermally managed with forced air convection. We show for the first time, a diagnosis method capable of quantitatively determining the state-of-health of four cells simultaneously by only using temperature and voltage readings for both charge and discharge. Measurements are achieved using low-cost thermocouples and a single voltage measurement at a frequency of 1 Hz, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing this approach on real world battery management systems. The technique could be particularly useful under charge when constant current or constant power is common, this therefore should be of significant interest to all lithium-ion battery users.
Over the last few decades, there has been a growing body of epidemiologic evidence linking chronic toxic metal exposure to cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The recent and unexpectedly positive findings from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of metal chelation for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)) have focused the discussion on the role of chronic exposure to toxic metals in the development and propagation of cardiovascular disease and the role of toxic metal chelation therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the most recent evidence linking chronic toxic metal exposure to cardiovascular disease and examines the findings of TACT.
The behaviour as the potential negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries of graphite-like materials that were prepared by high temperature treatment of unburned carbon concentrates from coal combustion fly ashes was investigated by galvanostatic cycling. Emphasis was placed on the relation between the structural/morphological and electrochemical characteristics of the materials. In addition, since good electrode capacity retention on cycling is an important requirement for the manufacturing of the lithium-ion batteries, the reversible capacity provided by the materials prepared on prolonged cycling (50 cycles) was studied and the results were compared with those of petroleum-based graphite which is commercialized as anodic material for lithium-ion batteries. The graphite-like materials prepared lead to battery reversible capacities up to ∼310mAhg−1 after 50 cycles, these values were similar to those of the reference graphite. Moreover, they showed a remarkable stable capacity along cycling and low irreversible capacity. Apparently, both the high degree of crystallinity and the irregular particle shape with no flakes appear to contribute to the good anodic performance in lithium-ion batteries of these materials, thus making feasible their utilization to this end.
In addition to its use in communication, language appears to have a variety of extra-communicative functions; disrupting language disrupts performance in seemingly non-linguistic tasks. Previous work has specifically linked linguistic impairments to categorization impairments. Here, we systematically tested this link by comparing categorization performance in a group of 12 participants with aphasia and 12 age- and education-matched control participants. Participants were asked to choose all of the objects that fit a specified criterion from sets of 20 pictured objects. The criterion was either “high-dimensional” (i.e., the objects shared many features, such as “farm animals”) or “low-dimensional” (i.e., the objects shared one or a few features, such as “things that are green”). Participants with aphasia were selectively impaired on low-dimensional categorization. This selective impairment was correlated with the severity of their naming impairment and not with the overall severity of their aphasia, semantic impairment, lesion size, or lesion location. These results indicate that linguistic impairment impacts categorization specifically when that categorization requires focusing attention and isolating individual features – a task that requires a larger degree of cognitive control than high-dimensional categorization. The results offer some support for the hypothesis that language supports cognitive functioning, particularly the ability to select task-relevant stimulus features.
Herein, ZnS nanoparticles on Nitrogen (N) and Sulphur (S) co-doped carbon nanosheets (ZnS@NSC) are prepared through a highly efficient sol-gel synthesis. Interestingly, the ZnS nanoparticles are encapsulated in ultrathin carbon shells, which are crucial to buffer the volume changes of ZnS during sodium ion intercalation/de-intercalation. Meanwhile, the nanosheets and ultrafine carbon shells together constitute the N, S co-doped carbon framework, which not only can give rise to abundant active sites for sodium storage but also greatly enhance the electrical conductivity. As a result, the ZnS@NSC achieves a reversible capacity of 734 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability (73.6% capacity retention after 380 cycles at 0.5 A g−1).
Pristine and Gd-doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) in the form of Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3GdxO12 (x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were prepared by a simple solid-state reaction in air. The structural and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD revealed that only a small amount of the dopant can enter the lattice structure of LTO; excessive addition beyond x = 0.10 resulted in a discrete Gd2O3 impurity phase. The Gd doping did not change the spinel structure and electrochemical reaction process of LTO. The average particle size of as-prepared samples ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 μm. The Gd-doped materials showed much improved rate capability and specific capacity compared with undoped LTO. In particular, Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3GdxO12 (x = 0.5) exhibited the best rate capability and cycling stability among all samples. Beyond this doping level, however, Gd2O3 impurity phase in the LTO led to adverse electrochemical performance. The rate capability of the anode material made from the modified powder is significantly improved when discharged at high current rates due to the reduced charge transfer resistance and fast lithium insertion/extraction kinetics.
Hybridization is a promising method for enhancing the quality of the power supplying system including fuel cells which is not capable of meeting load demand statically or dynamically. Though there have been much research advances on hybridization, systematic studies are insufficient to reveal fundamental characteristics. In this study, we systematically categorize passive hybrid topologies, which are battery state of charge (SoC) controlled, fuel cell relative humidity (RH) controlled, and battery–fuel cell controlled, respectively. Each hybrid topology can be analyzed based on the graphical and mathematical method for fundamentally understanding and designing the hybrid system. First, in the graphical method, I–V curves, which represent the characteristics of the intrinsic properties of each device, are used for the understanding of the current sharing and power sharing of the hybrid system. Second, the mathematical method based on the relations deduced from each characterization curve is used for a more detailed understanding on topology to find key factors of hybridization. The results show that the power sharing of hybridization is strongly connected to the fundamental properties of each device, and it can be expressed by a combination of two factors K V and K R , which represent the electrical potential and internal resistance ratio of each device, respectively.
The continuous development of improved non-fullerene acceptors and deeper knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms governing performance underpin the vertiginous increase in efficiency witnessed by organic photovoltaics. While the influence of parameters like film thickness and morphology are generally understood, what determines the strong dependence of the photocurrent on the donor and acceptor fractions remains elusive. Here we approach this problem by training artificial intelligence algorithms with self-consistent datasets consisting of thousands of data points obtained by high-throughput evaluation methods. Two ensemble learning methods are implemented, namely a Bayesian machine scientist and a random decision forest. While the former demonstrates large descriptive power to complement the experimental high-throughput screening, the latter is found to predict with excellent accuracy the photocurrent–composition phase space for material systems outside the training set. Interestingly, we identify highly predictive models that only employ the materials band gaps, thus largely simplifying the rationale of the photocurrent–composition space.
The effects of Co and Mn contents on the electrochemical characteristics of the LaNi3.8(Co+Mn)0.96Al0.24 electrodes were examined systematically. The lattice cell parameters, discharge characteristics, high-rate charging or discharging performance and cyclic stability of the series of alloys were all evaluated. The experimental results show that Co would play the role of improving the electrochemical capacity and discharge cell voltage. In addition, the cyclic stability of the metal hydride electrodes could be enhanced with increasing the Co content in the alloys. On the other hand, replacing the Co by Mn in the alloys could cause a expansion of the lattice cell volume and assist hydrogen diffusion in the metal hydride electrodes, which subsequently promoted the high-rate charging performance.
If plant investment is an indicator, looking back on the past year in PV one cannot help but be impressed by the apparent health of the PV industry. Perhaps when viewed in isolation it has not done as well as pundits had earlier predicted. Nevertheless, when stood up alongside the other areas of electronics manufacturing, its progress is to be envied. This article provides an overview of manufacturing of PV cells and modules.
The addition of fillers to lithium polymer electrolytes is a well established procedure to improve their mechanical stability as well as their interfacial stability with lithium anodes. As far only inert, non-conductive fillers have been used in the formulation of PEO-based composite electrolytes. In this report as the addition of a small volume fraction (<1.5%) of moderately high surface area (∼60 m2 g−1) carbons results in composite lithium polymer electrolytes with excellent performance in terms of conductivity and interfacial stability is shown.
Abstract The high-performance fibrous polymers are incorporated in products for specific uses where have to perform exceptionally (i.e. high strength, stiffness, heat resistance and/or chemical resistance). The lack of certain functional groups and high crystallinity of high-performance fibrous polymers decrease their adhesion when used in a matrix. One of the most promising and environmentally benign methods to overcome these the drawbacks is plasma technology. The chapter reviews the contemporary research on the topic. The plasma surface modifications, such as cleaning, physical etching, chemical modification, and polymerization on glass, aramid, carbon, polyethylene and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fibrous polymers are discussed.
LiM x Mn2−x O4 (M=Co, Ni) materials have been synthesized by a melt-impregnation method using γ-MnOOH as the manganese source. Highly crystallized LiM x Mn2−x O4 compounds were synthesized at a calcination temperature of 800°C for 24 h in air. All compounds show a single phase except for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagram. With the increase of the doping content from 0.1 to 0.5, the capacity of doping materials decreases mainly in the 4 V region. Although LiM0.5Mn1.5O4 (M=Co, Ni) compound shows a small capacity in the (3+4) V region compared with parent LiMn2O4, it is a very effective material in reducing capacity loss in the 3 V region that is caused by the Jahn–Teller distortion. The doping of Co and Ni ions in the LiMn2O4 cathode material promotes the stability of this structure and provides an excellent cyclability.
In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) is employed to resolve the energy management problem of a plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB). Dynamic programming (DP), as a global optimization method, is inserted at each time step of the MPC, to solve the optimization problem regarding the prediction horizon. A multi-step Markov prediction model is constructed to forecast the near future driving velocities for the MPC. The battery SOC is restrained to fluctuate near a reference trajectory to ensure the global performance of MPC. Three novel restraining methods are proposed and compared in this paper. The resultant fuel economy performance with different SOC constraint methods are evaluated. Simulation results indicate that by restraining the battery SOC adaptively to the control variables gains the best fuel economy performance, and the fuel consumption of MPC is 8.7% less than a ruled based strategy.
A novel functionalized electrolyte based on Li2B12F9H3 was investigated to improve the electrochemical and safety performance of lithium-ion cells using a lithium manganese oxide spinel positive electrode and a mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) negative electrode. The test results showed that Li2B12F9H3 can act both as the lithium salt, like the conventional LiPF6, and as the redox shuttle for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells. In addition, the performance of the lithium-ion cells was dramatically improved by the addition of lithium bis(oxalato)borate and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as electrolyte additives. With the help of the proposed additives, MCMB/Li1.156Mn1.844O4lithium ion cells maintained more than 85% capacity after 1200 cycles.
This study reports on the crucial effects of the ratio of electrolyte volume to electrode area on redox reactions of graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is found that a pyrolytic graphite edge plane electrode (PGE) exhibits reversible Li+ transport behavior in LiClO4 solution, but shows a suppressed redox reaction in LiPF6 electrolyte. The reversible Li+ transport in LiClO4 is hampered by the presence of trace HF, while the depressed activity in LiPF6 is improved by adding an HF scavenger, which points to the suppressive effects of HF on the redox behavior of PGE. In addition, the redox activity of PGE in LiPF6 solution is either enhanced by decreasing electrolyte volume or diminished by decreasing surface area. It is also revealed that graphite composite electrodes of practical LIBs are also subject to the influence of HF if an excessive amount of electrolyte is employed. These observations are attributed to the HF-induced formation of a passive LiF layer, which is facilitated at high ratio of electrolyte volume to electrode area. Our results clearly demonstrate that HF impurity significantly suppresses the redox activity of graphite anodes, and that the adverse HF influence becomes predominant at a high electrolyte-to-electrode ratio.
The main disadvantage of hard carbons when they are used for the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries is a large irreversible capacity generally attributed to their important specific surface area. Our goals were to estimate the amount of residual lithium, i.e. not involved in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) after a full deinsertion, and to reduce the irreversible capacity due to the SEI formation. Galvanostatic charge/discharge of carbon lithium cells was performed with carbon materials to which an additional pyrolysis has been applied in various conditions. Electrode materials made from as-received carbon have been analysed ex situ by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at different steps of the insertion/deinsertion process. We found that 20% of the irreversible capacity is due to residual lithium trapped in the carbon matrix. Post-treatments up to 900°C resulted in decreasing the irreversible capacity from 260 to 65mAh/g thanks to modifications of the surface functionality and possible improvement of the carbon network structure.
Electric-drive vehicles can provide power to the electric grid when they are parked (vehicle-to-grid power). We evaluated the economic potential of two utility-owned fleets of battery-electric vehicles to provide power for a specific electricity market, regulation, in four US regional regulation services markets. The two battery-electric fleet cases are: (a) 100 Th!nk City vehicle and (b) 252 Toyota RAV4. Important variables are: (a) the market value of regulation services, (b) the power capacity (kW) of the electrical connections and wiring, and (c) the energy capacity (kWh) of the vehicle's battery. With a few exceptions when the annual market value of regulation was low, we find that vehicle-to-grid power for regulation services is profitable across all four markets analyzed. Assuming now more than current Level 2 charging infrastructure (6.6kW) the annual net profit for the Th!nk City fleet is from US$ 7000 to 70,000 providing regulation down only. For the RAV4 fleet the annual net profit ranges from US$ 24,000 to 260,000 providing regulation down and up. Vehicle-to-grid power could provide a significant revenue stream that would improve the economics of grid-connected electric-drive vehicles and further encourage their adoption. It would also improve the stability of the electrical grid.
The aim of this study was to check the hypothesis concerning the crucial role of DNA methylation (one of the epigenetic mechanisms) within selected genes related to the destruction and regeneration of neural cells and its input in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, using a model of the DNA in peripheral blood cells.