batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The new and ground-breaking real-time remote monitoring in triage and priority-based sensor technology used in telemedicine have significantly bounded and dispersed communication components. To examine these technologies and provide researchers with a clear vision of this area, we must first be aware of the utilised approaches and existing limitations in this line of research. To this end, an extensive search was conducted to find articles dealing with (a) telemedicine, (b) triage, (c) priority and (d) sensor; (e) comprehensively review related applications and establish the coherent taxonomy of these articles. ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science databases were checked for articles on triage and priority-based sensor technology in telemedicine. The retrieved articles were filtered according to the type of telemedicine technology explored. A total of 150 articles were selected and classified into two categories. The first category includes reviews and surveys of triage and priority-based sensor technology in telemedicine. The second category includes articles on the three-tiered architecture of telemedicine. Tier 1 represents the users. Sensors acquire the vital signs of the users and send them to Tier 2, which is the personal gateway that uses local area network protocols or wireless body area network. Medical data are sent from Tier 2 to Tier 3, which is the healthcare provider in medical institutes. Then, the motivation for using triage and priority-based sensor technology in telemedicine, the issues related to the obstruction of its application and the development and utilisation of telemedicine are examined on the basis of the findings presented in the literature.
WO3 doping and accompanying spontaneous formation of a surface phase can substantially improve the discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability of Co-free Li-rich layered oxide Li1.13Ni0.3Mn0.57O2 cathode material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in conjunction with ion sputtering, shows that W segregates to the particle surfaces, decreases the surface Ni/Mn ratio, and changes the surface valence state. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy further suggests that W segregation increases surface structural disorder. The spontaneous and simultaneous changes in the surface structure, composition, and valence state represent the formation of a surface phase (complexion) as the preferred surface thermodynamic state. Consequently, the averaged discharge capacity is increased by ∼13% from 251 to 284 mAh g−1 at a low rate of C/20 and by ∼200% from 30 to 90 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 40C, in comparison with an undoped specimen processed under identical conditions. Moreover, after 100 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 1C, the WO3 doped specimen retained a discharge capacity of 188 mAh g−1, being 27% higher than that of the undoped specimen. In a broader context, this work exemplifies an opportunity of utilizing spontaneously-formed surface phases as a scalable and cost-effective method to improve materials properties.
Antecedents and consequences of patients' trust in their primary care physician (PCP) are explored by analyzing self-administered questionnaires returned by 214 patients. In accord with the marketing literature, patients' trust in their physician correlates positively with the length of their relationship and satisfaction with their physician. Awareness of their physicians' incentives to behave opportunistically produces mixed effects on patients' trust. Both trust and satisfaction affect relationship outcomes positively.
There are two objectives of this work. The first objective is to study the hydrolysis behavior of monetite cements formed in the presence and absence of the chitosan in cell culture media (α-MEM) and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions at 37°C. During hydrolysis, monetite transformed to carbonated apatite. Therefore, the second objective is to examine how addition of chitosan affects on the formation of carbonated apatite phases. The changes in the phase structure of monetite after hydrolysis reactions were characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM. Pure monetite and monetite/chitosan composite were soaked in α-MEM and SBF solution for 4 and 7 days. In α-MEM solution, the monetite particles started to transform into carbonated apatite with a slow rate. However, in SBF, the rate of monetite transformation to carbonated apatite was more rapid. The presence of the chitosan had no significant effect on the precipitation of carbonated apatite on the monetite particles.
The present article provides Spanish norms for name agreement, printed word frequency, word compound frequency, familiarity, imageability, visual complexity, age of acquisition, and word length (measured by syllables and phonemes) for 100 line drawings of actions taken from Druks and Masterson (2000). In addition, through a naming-time experiment carried out with a group of 54 Spanish students in a pool of 63 of these line drawings, we determined the best predictors of naming actions. In the multiple regression analysis, age of acquisition and name agreement emerged as the most important determinants of action-naming reaction time.
A tubular polypyrrole (T-PPy) fiber is synthesized as a conductive matrix for the cathode of lithium–sulfur secondary battery. The sublimed sulfur is incorporated with the T-PPy by a co-heating process. The location and the content of sulfur show a significant effect on the electrochemical behavior of the composite. A reversible capacity of ca. 650mAhg−1 is maintained for over 80 cycles for the S/T-PPy composite with 30wt.% sulfur. The enhanced conductivity, the favorable distribution of the nano-sized sulfur in the T-PPy and the stable retention of polysulfides lead to the improvement of the cycling stability of the sulfur based electrode.
Résumé Introduction L’objectif de ce travail était de construire une batterie brève d’évaluation des praxies gestuelles, pour utilisation en consultation Mémoire et d’en établir des normes. Patients et méthodes La batterie comprend trois dimensions différentes : exécution sur commande verbale de gestes symboliques (cinq gestes), de mimes d’action (cinq gestes) et imitation de gestes abstraits (huit gestes). Des normes ont été établies à partir de 419 sujets normaux. La comparaison des performances de ces normaux avec les résultats obtenus chez 320 patients atteints de démence a permis d’évaluer leurs sensibilité et spécificité. Un groupe de 127 patients atteints de troubles cognitifs légers a également été étudié. Résultats Des valeurs seuils ont été proposées pour chaque dimension, basées sur les valeurs du cinquième percentile observé dans trois classes d’âge et trois groupes de niveau culturel. La spécificité des normes établies était élevée pour les trois dimensions. La sensibilité, en revanche, était faible, la plus importante étant observée pour l’imitation de gestes abstraits, suivie des mimes d’action et des gestes symboliques. Dans les trois dimensions, le groupe de patients atteints d’un trouble cognitif léger présentait une fréquence de scores inférieurs aux normes, intermédiaire entre les sujets normaux et les patients déments. Conclusion L’instrument proposé correspond bien aux buts initiaux de brièveté et de haute spécificité. Il peut être utilement employé en consultation Mémoire pour déterminer la présence du critère « apraxie » du diagnostic de démence et donc y contribuer, à côté des autres éléments de l’examen clinique et neuropsychologique.
This paper presents a multi-scale finite element approach for lithium batteries to study electrochemical–mechanical interaction phenomena at macro- and micro-scales. The battery model consists of a lithium foil anode, a separator, and a porous cathode that includes solid active materials and a liquid electrolyte. We develop a multi-scale approach to analyze the surface kinetics and electrochemical–mechanical phenomena within a single spherical particle of the active material. Homogenization techniques relate parameters in the micro-scale particle model to those in the macro-scale model describing the lithium ion transport, electric potentials and mechanical response based on porous electrode theory.
A facile hydrothermal route has been developed to fabricate the metastable VO2 (B) ultra-thin nanobelt arrays, which can be converted into V2O5 porous nanobelt arrays after calcinating VO2 (B) in air at 400 °C for 1 h. The influence of hydrothermal time to the crystallinity and morphology of the VO2 phase has been studied. A possible mechanism for the formation of VO2 nanobelt arrays has been proposed in this paper. As a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the V2O5 nanobelt arrays show excellent rate capability and cycling stability. An initial discharge capacity of 142 mA h g−1 can be delivered at a current density of 50 mA g−1 with almost no capacity fading after 100 cycles. Even at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, they still exhibit the capacity of 130 mA h g−1 and superior capacity retention capability. The excellent electrochemical properties are attributed to the ultra-thin thickness and the porous structures of the nanobelts.
This paper describes a distributed database system implementation built on top of stand-alone mobile databases found on mobile devices. At the heart of the architecture are elected devices that take on the role of data directories which collect the schema of the databases and become the contact points for all nodes that wish to submit queries against the distributed database. The system is implemented on Pocket PCs that run the Microsoft WinCE operating system and communicate using Bluetooth, thus limiting the architecture to eight devices, which is a restriction imposed by piconets. Sample databases were configured on the devices that ran the SQL Server CE database engine, and a list of 170 sample queries of varying complexities were designed to conduct performance evaluation. This evaluation involved measurement of query response time, generated traffic, and device energy consumption. The obtained results indicated the feasibility of the system and its potential for providing mobile users with a framework for aggregating disparate data that are stored in mobile databases in the wireless ad hoc network.
Li-rich (1−x)LiMO2.xLi2MnO3 layered oxides materials have been proposed recently as an attractive alternative to LiCoO2 Their electrochemical performance is greatly improved by charging above the 4.5–4.6 V voltage plateau during the first oxidation. The associated reaction mechanism has been assigned to a transformation from layered to spinel, accompanied a partial oxygen removal process from the surface. Nevertheless, many questions are still unanswered concerning the influence of oxygen extraction and reaction on the chemical composition and evolution of the electrode/electrolyte interphase. Quantitative 7Li, 19F and 31P MAS NMR shows that the partial oxygen extraction at the surface of the electrode material above 4.5 V has a strong influence on the composition/nature of the interphase and exacerbates reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Oxygen reacts as soon as it is extracted from the structure of the positive electrode material to form fluorophosphates in much higher amount in the case of the overlithiated material compared to the stoichiometric material exposed to comparable potentials. The presented study indicates that the release of oxygen from the Li-rich layered oxides greatly influences the electrode/electrolyte interphasial chemistry.
For many isolated regions in the developing world micro-grids which combine photovoltaic electricity generation and battery storage may represent the most reliable and least expensive form of energy service. Due to climate induced solar resource variations, achieving high reliability levels necessitates excess generation and storage capacity which can significantly increase the end consumer cost of energy. Due to severe financial limitations, many consumers in the developing world may prefer cost versus reliability trade-offs, as long as their basic energy needs are met. Defining reliability as the percent of electricity demand a grid can deliver, we utilize a time series energy balance algorithm at hourly resolution to create cost versus reliability curves of micro-grid performance. We then propose a micro-grid sizing strategy which enables designers with knowledge of local energy needs to determine the acceptability of potential micro-grids. Our strategy relies on visualizing simulation data at increasing levels of temporal resolution to determine where energy shortfalls occur and if they interfere with high priority energy demand. A case study is presented which utilizes the proposed methods. Results suggest that the methodology has the potential to reduce the cost of service while maintaining acceptable consumer reliability.
Recently, graphene oxide (GO), MXene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used for compounding with other materials as anodes and cathodes to achieve excellent electrochemical properties for metal-ion batteries. However, few researches have focused on the differences between the three additives. Herein, silicon, as a typical anode, is selected to integrate with MXene, GO and CNTs in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and form Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs, respectively. Together with the results, it can be realized that these CNFs with a significant improved performance compared with pure Si@CNFs show superiority in different aspects of electrochemical properties. Additionally, the reasons for the superiority are also discussed in this work. The addition of MXene can improve the cycle stability of the electrodes, thereby obtaining a high capacity retention rate, CNTs are favorable for the enhancement of rate performance, and the electrodes reversible capacity can be increased due to the addition of GO. Consequently, the studies on three additives may contribute to the rational design of silicon-based and other anode materials.
Fronto-limbic connectivity is compromised in mood disorders, as reflected by impairments in white matter (WM) integrity revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, disruption to normal myelination due to oxidative stress is thought to play a key role. We aimed to determine whether fronto-limbic WM integrity is compromised, and associated with in vivo antioxidant levels (indexed by glutathione; GSH), in young adults with unipolar depression (DEP) and bipolar (BD) disorders. Ninety-four patients with DEP, 76 with BD and 59 healthy controls (18–30 years) underwent diffusion tensor and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated from the cingulum bundle (cingulate, hippocampus), fornix, stria terminalis (ST) and uncinate fasciculus tracts. GSH concentration was measured in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HIPP). Compared to controls, DEP showed significantly reduced FA in ST, whereas BD did not significantly differ in FA across the five tracts. There were significant positive correlations between ST-FA and HIPP-GSH across groups. Regression analysis revealed that having DEP or BD and reduced HIPP-GSH were significantly associated with reduced ST-FA. Similarly, decreased ST-FA was associated with poorer neuropsychological performance in conjunction with having DEP. Our findings suggest a structural disconnectivity specific to the limbic region of young adults with DEP. Decreased WM integrity was associated with depleted levels of hippocampal GSH suggesting that this particular disruption may be linked to oxidative stress at early stages of illness. Young adults with BD do not have the same degree of impairment.
Two testing protocols, QC/T 743 and those used by the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), were compared using cells based on LiFePO4/graphite chemistry. Differences in the protocols directly affected the data and the performance decline mechanisms deduced from the data. In all cases, the rate of capacity fade was linear with time. Overall, the testing protocols produced very similar data when the testing conditions and metrics used to define performance were similar. The choice of depth of discharge and pulse width had a direct effect on the apparent rate of resistance increased and estimated cell life. At greater percent depth of discharge (%DOD) and pulse width, the estimated life was shorter that at lower %DOD and shorter pulse width. This indicates that cells which were at the end of life based on the USABC protocol were not at end of life based on the QC/T 743 protocol by a large margin.
ND-PAE, as a condition needing further study, requires validation. Few studies have assessed the validity of ND-PAE with none using a prospective sample.
The structural and thermal stability are essential to understand the safety of Li4Ti5O12, but it is not fully understood. Here, the structural and thermal stability were investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave pseudopotential technique and experimental method. Sub-micro Li4Ti5O12 particles were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The calculated results of lattice parameters are highly coincident with the experimental values. XRD and Raman spectra demonstrate the formation of pure phase Li4Ti5O12. There is an amorphous phase and no phase transition when discharged to 0 V, which confirms that there is a certain reversible intercalation processes cycled below 1 V instead of a reduction–decomposition reaction. SEM shows that Li4Ti5O12 powder has a uniform, nearly cubic structural morphology with a narrow size distribution of about 500 nm. The low formation enthalpy (−6061.45 ± 4) indicates that Li4Ti5O12 has a high thermodynamic stability. The superior cycling performance at high rates cycled between 0 and 2.5 shows that Li4Ti5O12 has a very high structural stability. The high thermodynamic stability of Li4Ti5O12 is related to the strong covalent bonding characteristic between Ti and O according to the electron density difference diagram. DSC reveals that PF5 is the main species which damages the SEI layer.
Planar structures for halide perovskite solar cells have recently garnered attention, due to their simple and low-temperature device fabrication processing. Unfortunately, planar structures typically show I–V  hysteresis and lower stable device efficiency compared with mesoporous structures, especially for TiO2-based n-i-p devices. SnO2, which has a deeper conduction band and higher electron mobility compared with traditional TiO2, could enhance charge transfer from perovskite to electron transport layers, and reduce charge accumulation at the interface. Here we report low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 nanoparticles as an efficient electron transport layer for perovskite solar cells. Our SnO2-based devices are almost free of hysteresis, which we propose is due to the enhancement of electron extraction. By introducing a PbI2 passivation phase in the perovskite layer, we obtain a 19.9 ± 0.6% certified efficiency. The devices can be easily processed under low temperature (150 ∘C), offering an efficient method for the large-scale production of perovskite solar cells.
In this paper, a lithium-ion full battery based on a high quality graphitized graphene anode and a high capacity, high rate Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 cathode was reported. After carefully designing the cell and improving the initial Coulombic efficiency of the anode, electrochemical performances such as cycling life (500 stable cycles at 1C rate), rate capability(a capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at 10C) and energy density(about 180 Wh kg−1 at 1C rate and a moderate operating voltage) can be achieved, making the battery very promising for powering hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs).
Developing lithium-oxygen batteries with high reversibility and long cyclability requires an electrocatalyst with superior catalytic activity and excellent stability to achieve an efficient cathode. Herein, a three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon framework embedded with cobalt-iron-phosphide nanodots nanocomposite is fabricated via a lyophilization-pyrolysis-phosphorization process. The synthetic catalyst displays excellent performances towards both the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. With our optimal sample, the half-wave potential for the oxygen reduction reaction is up to 0.83 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, and its potential for the oxygen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is as low as 1.53 V in 0.1 M KOH solution. The catalyst also exhibits improved electrochemical performances in a rechargeable lithium-oxygen battery, including a high specific capacity (11969 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and a long cycle life (141 cycles at a cut-off capacity of 1000 mAh g−1). All of these results make our catalyst a promising candidate for the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries.
A continuous cobalt-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet thin-film electrode has been fabricated by drying a nearly transparent colloidal solution of cobalt-based LDH nanosheets on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plate substrate. The effects of varying the Al content, the film thickness, and the heating temperature on the electrochemical properties of the as-deposited thin-film electrode have been investigated. A thin-film electrode with a Co/Al molar ratio of 3:1, which has a large specific capacitance of 2500Fcm−3 (833Fg−1) and a good high-rate capability, shows the best performance when used as an electrode in thin-film supercapacitors (TFSCs). As the thickness of the thin film was increased from 100 to 500nm, the specific capacitance of the thin-film electrode remained essentially unchanged, which is due to the porous microstructure generated in the original electrochemical process and the low internal resistance of the thin-film electrode. The specific capacitance of the thin-film electrode showed no observable change after heating at 160°C, but decreased on further heating to 200°C, indicating that the electrochemically active Co sites inside the thin-film nanosheet electrode are already essentially fully exposed in the as-prepared material and hence cannot be further exposed through heating. Such a thin-film electrode made up of nanosheets may be a potential economical alternative electrode for use in TFSCs.
Inherently uncontrollable Li electrodeposition has significantly hindered the practical application of Li metal batteries largely due to a dendritic deposition which can initiate an internal short circuit and gives rise to severe safety issues. The understanding of the fundamental electrodeposition mechanism is, however, elusive and limited due to a lack of feasible in situ characterization techniques. Here synchrotron X-ray tomography was employed to noninvasively visualize Li deposition at the lithium/separator and lithium/carbon matrix interregion. A higher concentration of widely distributed deposition sites was observed under an increased current density. The 3D morphology and distribution of deposited Li within the widely used Celgard® 2325 polyolefin separator are, for the first time, visualized in situ, thus promoting the understanding of the short-circuiting process of Li metal batteries. In addition, we also visualized and quantified the spatial distribution of Li depositions inside a porous carbon host to unravel the deposition behavior that can hardly be probed by surface imaging techniques. The Li electrodeposition behavior found here could help to promote the understanding and development of surface modifications related to Li anodes, separators as well as novel 3D geometry electrode designs for accommodation of Li depositions and alleviation of volumetric changes.