batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and the structural features of a mixed manganese-cobalt oxide, Mn2.2Co0.27O4 obtained at low temperature (400°C) are reported. Electrochemical lithium insertion occurs in one reduction process located around 2.8V, involving only the reduction of manganese ions in the oxide. During cycling experiments, performed with various experimental conditions, the best results show a high capacity retention, i.e. 85% of the initial specific capacity (95Ah/kg) after the 20th cycle.
Nano-confinement of metal-based nanostructures in one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (M@CNTs) is an interesting and effective way to achieve new functional materials with unique physical and chemical properties for various energy applications with enhanced performance. In this unique structure, the inner cavity of CNTs can act as a nanoreactor with a diameter of a few nanometers and length in microns. The nano-confinement of metals into CNTs not only improves the local environment of CNTs but also prevents metal leaching and aggregation. This critical review summarizes recent advances in developing advanced nano-confinement methods for different functional nanoparticles, such as metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal phosphides, metal carbides, etc. Particular attention is paid to their catalytic activities and stabilities, strategies for the enhancement of storage capacities of Zn–air batteries, Li–O2 batteries and lithium ion batteries. The demonstrated examples provide an understanding of M@CNTs for use as electrocatalysts and electrodes for batteries. Finally, challenges and future prospects of M@CNTs are highlighted for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.
Fishbain DA, Bruns D, Disorbio JM, Lewis JE. What patient attributes are associated with thoughts of suing a physician? Objective To address a neglected research area: the attributes of rehabilitation patients associated with “thoughts of suing a physician” (S-MD). Design The S-MD statement “I am thinking about suing one of my doctors” was administered to 2264 people, along with the Battery for Health Improvement (BHI 2). Items predictive of S-MD were identified. Setting Acute physical therapy, work hardening programs, chronic pain programs, physician offices, and vocational rehabilitation programs. Participants Participants included 777 rehabilitation patients and 1487 nonpatient community-dwellers. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures We used a multivariate analysis of variance to determine which of the 18 BHI 2 scales predicted the S-MD statement. Items from the scales found to be predictive, plus other variables, were then used in a chi-square analysis that compared people who wished to sue with those who did not. We then used a stepwise regression analysis with significant items from the prior analyses to build a model for predicting a potential S-MD patient. Results The highest percentage (11.5%) of patients affirming the S-MD statement were those involved in workers’ compensation and personal injury litigation, compared with only 1.9% of community-living subjects. Stepwise regression of BHI 2 variables produced a 13-variable model explaining 38.04% of the variance. A logistic regression of demographic variables (eg, education, ethnicity, litigiousness) explained 20% of the variance. Conclusions Anger (P<.001), mistrust (P<.001), a focus on compensation (P<.001), addiction (P<.001), severe childhood punishments (P<.001), having attended college (P<.001), and other patient variables were associated with thoughts of suing a physician.
With the proliferation of microelectronic devices, the need for portable power supplies is evidently increasing. Possible candidates for micro energy storage devices are Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Among them, the flexible solid-state supercapacitors combined with exceptionally long cycle life, high power density, environmental friendliness, safety, flexibility and stability, afford a very promising option for energy storage applications. This paper reviews flexible solid-state electrochemical supercapacitors and the performance metrics. A better practice by calculating released energy to evaluate material and device performance is proposed. In addition, an overview is given of the electrolyte and various electrode materials that are suitable for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. The review summarizes the recent research focusing on novel configurations of flexible solid-state supercapacitors for energy storage and applications, such as freestanding, asymmetric, interdigitated, and fiber-based supercapacitors. Lastly, some discussions on future research are presented.
We study the temporal development of the Lorentz-force-driven convection in an inhomogeneous magnetic field during copper electrolysis between two vertical electrodes. Using a combination of interferometry and particle image velocimetry we show that the Lorentz-force-driven convection is canceled out even after a moderate duration of the electrolysis. By reversing the current, a re-excitation of the convection is possible which is, however, restricted to a time window of some seconds. The reasons for the decay and re-appearance of the MHD flow are discussed and explained by scaling analysis.
Guanine plays an important role in many biological processes since it constitutes the buildings blocks of DNA and RNA. Solutions of guanine were prepared to cover the range from 5 × 10−5 to 8 × 10−4 M. Adsorption of guanine on a mercury electrode in acetic buffers at pH 4 and pH 6 is described by means of the adsorption isotherms constants calculated from the surface pressure as a function of electrode potential and adsorbate bulk concentration. The adsorption parameters from the double layer were calculated based on the data from the differential capacity–potential curves. The entirely different change in the differential capacity in two applied acetate buffers in the absence of guanine results from different buffer composition, as in a solution with a pH 4 adsorption primarily involves acetic acid molecules, whereas in a buffer with a pH 6-acetate ions. The possibility to accurately determine Emax and σmax parameters points to a physical character of guanine adsorption, which must be associated with the fact that adsorbed guanine molecules are vertically or diagonal oriented. Obtained RA (charge transfer resistance at formal potential) changes are minor and comply with changes in ΔE. Therefore, it may be concluded that in the tested range of guanine concentrations, it has no effect on kinetics of zinc cation depolarisation at a mercury electrode both in the buffer with pH 4 and pH 6.
The performance of natural graphite/PEO-based gel electrolyte/LiFePO4 cells (5mAh, 4cm2) is reported. The gel polymer electrolytes were produced by electron-beam irradiation and then soaked in a liquid electrolyte. The natural graphite anode in gel electrolyte containing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)-EC + PC + DMC exhibited high reversible capacity (360mAh/g) and high coulombic efficiency (91.6%). The LiFePO4 cathode in the same gel polymer exhibited a reversible capacity of 160mAh/g and 92% coulombic efficiency. Better performance was obtained at high-rate discharge with 6% carbon additive (carbon and graphite) in the cathode. The Li-ion gel polymer battery shows a very low capacity fade of 1% after 100 cycles.
Highly cross-linked porous NiCo2S4 nanosheets arrays are synthesized by a high-efficiency hydrothermal conversion from the preformed electrodeposited NiCo2O4 arrays. By using thioacetamide as the sulfur source, the electrodeposited NiCo2O4 is directly converted into NiCo2S4 nanosheets arrays without high-temperature sulfurization. Higher porosity and better electrical conductivity are obtained for the NiCo2S4 nanosheets arrays. In addition, reduced diffusion paths of electrons/ions and alleviated volume expansion during cycling are achieved due to the unique porous structure of NiCo2S4. Consequently, as the cathode of alkaline batteries, the obtained NiCo2S4 nanosheets arrays show better electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity (83.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and better cycling stability (capacity retention of 93% after 5000 cycles) than the NiCo2O4 counterpart arrays (40.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). Our work demonstrates that sulfurization on binary metal oxides can greatly enhance electrochemical performance and shows a new way for construction of advanced electrodes for high-rate batteries.
This paper presents a novel hybrid Elman-LSTM method for battery remaining useful life prediction by combining the empirical model decomposition algorithm and long short-term memory and Elman neural networks. The empirical model decomposition algorithm is employed to decompose the recorded battery capacity verse cycle number data into several sub-layers. The recurrent long short-term memory and Elman neural networks are then established to predict high- and low-frequency sub-layers, respectively. Comprehensive battery test datasets have been collected and used for model parameterization and performance evaluation. The comparison results indicate that the proposed hybrid Elman-LSTM model yields superior performance relative to the other counterparts and can predict the battery remaining useful life with high accuracy. The relative prediction errors are 3.3% and 3.21% based on two unseen datasets, respectively.
Nanocrystalline ferrite MFe2O4 (M=Cu, Ni, Co) thin films have been prepared by an electrochemical route involving cathodic electrodeposition of MFe2 alloys and further anodization of the alloy films at room temperature. XRD measurements showed that those films are polycrystalline with spinel tetragonal structure for CuFe2O4, and cubic structure for NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4, respectively. The uniform MFe2O4 films without cracks and pinholes were observed in SEM measurement, and the estimated grain average sizes of as-prepared ferrite films were about 50nm. The electrochemical measurements showed that MFe2O4 thin film electrodes delivered a reversible capacity of 450–460mAhg−1 at 10μAcm−2 in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0V and more than 75% reversible capacity still remained up to 100 cycles. Our results showed that MFe2O4 thin films could be used as promising anode materials for thin film lithium-ion batteries.
This study assessed genetic contributions to six cognitive domains, identified by the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery as relevant for schizophrenia, cognition-enhancing, clinical trials. Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed significant negative correlations with each cognitive domain. Genome-wide association analyses identified loci associated with attention/vigilance (rs830786 within HNF4G), verbal memory (rs67017972 near NDUFS4), and reasoning/problem solving (rs76872642 within HDAC9). Gene set analysis identified unique and shared genes across cognitive domains. These findings suggest involvement of common and unique mechanisms across cognitive domains and may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to treat cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
A novel electrochemical route to fabricate ordered mesoporous metal oxide film electrodes has been investigated with particular reference to nickel oxide. Ordered mesoporous nickel oxide films are successfully synthesized by templated electrodeposition of HI-e nickel hydroxide and followed by heat-treatment in air at various temperatures. The films are characterized physically by thermogravimetry (TG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The applicability of this film as inexpensive and high-performance supercapacitor electrode material is demonstrated by the electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry technique. The specific capacitance of the nickel oxide film depends on the annealing temperature, showing a maximum value of 590Fg−1 when the as-deposited film is heat-treated at 250°C for 1.5h.
Well-shaped and uniformly dispersed LiFePO4 nanorods with a length of 400–500 nm and a diameter of about 100 nm, are obtained with participation of a proper amount of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) without any further heating as a post-treatment. The surfactant acts as a self-assembling supermolecular template, which stimulated the crystallization of LiFePO4 and directed the nanoparticles growing into nanorods between bilayers of surfactant (BOS). LiFePO4 nanorods with the reducing crystal size along the b axis shorten the diffusion distance of Li+ extraction/insertion, and thus improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 nanorods. Such prepared LiFePO4 nanorods exhibited excellent specific capacity and high rate capability with discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g, 122 mAh/g and 95 mAh/g at 0.1 C, 1 C and 5 C, respectively. Such excellent performance of LiFePO4 nanorods is supposed to be ascribed to the fast Li+ diffusion velocity from reduced crystal size along the b axis and the well electrochemical conductivity. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HRTEM, charge/discharge tests, and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectra).
The electrochemical properties of MXene Ti3C2 multilayer for Li-ion batteries were improved greatly by vacuum calcination, after systematically evaluating its thermal stability in different atmosphere in details. In air, the as-prepared Ti3C2 could not be oxidized up to 429.9 °C and the rutile-TiO2 would remain as the oxidation product at 1200 °C. The surface functional groups especially F groups can be eliminated by heat treatment. After vacuum calcination at 400 °C, the Ti3C2 show much higher capacities due to the removal of OH groups (126.4 mAh·g−1 at 1C), and exhibited excellent rate capability. Besides, the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles at 700 °C further increases the first coulombic efficiency (62%) and capacity retention after 100 cycles (97%). In contrast, the dense microstructures of resulting TiC x formed after calcination at 1000 °C results in the worst electrochemical properties. This paper presented a relatively simple and easily scalable post-treatment for improving the electrochemical properties of MXene, and demonstrated a great potential of Ti3C2 of using as anode material for Li-ion batteries.
Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a prevalent condition in adults over the age of 55 years. The condition is associated with activity limitations that are related to increased pain when engaging in weight-bearing activities, such as walking and standing, and release of pain while sitting down or bending forward. The limitation on ambulation is also associated with impaired balance although the types of balance problems are sparsely described in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to assess dynamic balance in persons with LSS by the Mini-BESTest and explore the associations with self-reported balance and functional disability.
A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor has been constructed by using NiO hollow spheres (NiO-HSs) as sensing materials, which were prepared by a glycerin-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method. The analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate the successful formation of NiO-HSs, assembled by NiO nanoflakes with the length of about 500nm and the width of about 50nm. It was found that the resulting NiO-HSs exhibit good catalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose in 0.1M NaOH, leading to a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with a fast amperometric response time of less than 3s, and the detection limit is estimated to be 0.3 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Furthermore, this sensor shows good response to glucose in comparison to other normally co-existing electroactive species (such as dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid).
This paper addressed relations between language, social communication and behaviour, and their trajectories, in a sample of 9–11-year-olds (n =91) who had been referred to clinical services with concerns about language as pre-schoolers. Children were first assessed at 2½–4 years, and again 18 months later. Results revealed increasing differentiation of profiles across time. By 9–11 years, 11% of the sample had social communication deficits, 27% language impairment, 20% both, and 42% neither. The size of group differences on key language and social communication measures was striking (2–3 standard deviations). Social communication deficits included autistic mannerisms and were associated with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs); in contrast, language impairment was associated with hyperactivity only. Children with both language and social communication problems had the most severe difficulties on all measures. These distinct school-age profiles emerged gradually. Investigation of developmental trajectories revealed that the three impaired groups did not differ significantly on language or SEBD measures when the children were first seen. Only low performance on the Early Sociocognitive Battery, a new measure of social responsiveness, joint attention and symbolic understanding, differentiated the children with and without social communication problems at 9–11 years. These findings suggest that some children who first present with language delay or difficulties have undetected Autism Spectrum Disorders which may or may not be accompanied by language impairment in the longer term. This new evidence of developmental trajectories starting in the preschool years throws further light on the nature of social communication and language problems in school-age children, relations between language impairment and SEBDs, and on the nature of early language development.
F-doped Li4Ti5O12 anode materials in the form of Li4Ti5O12−x F x (0≤ x ≤0.5) are synthesized successfully via a solid-state reaction. The structure and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared powders are investigated. The Li4Ti5O12−x F x (x =0.3) sample exhibits an outstanding electrochemical performance among all the samples in a potential range from 0.01 to 2.5V, and delivers higher discharge capacity and better long-term cycling stability compared with the pristine Li4Ti5O12. The initial specific discharge capacity is 234.5mAhg−1 at a density of 85mAg−1, and remains about 138mAhg−1 over 500 cycles when the current density increases to 340mAg−1. The excellent electrochemical performance could be attributed to the substitution of F− into O2− site, which can increase the amount of Ti3+/Ti4+ mixing as charge compensation, leading to the decrease of the charge transfer resistance and improvement of the lithium ion diffusion in Li4Ti5O12−x F x .
Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are heterogeneous entities, and the cognitive status fluctuates over time. However, individual changes in longitudinal cognitive performance in PD are not fully understood. We evaluated three visual indices (visuoperception, visuoconstruction, and visuospatial ability) and four cognitive domains (attention/working memory, executive function, memory, and language) at baseline (Time1) and at 1-year follow-up (Time2) in 36 patients with PD and 32 healthy controls (HCs). To explore the magnitude and frequency of cognitive changes, we analyzed data using the simple difference method and the standardized regression-based method. We also explored the correlations between changes in test scores and several clinical predictors, using logistic regression analysis. At 1 year, patients with PD showed higher rates of change in scores on several cognitive tests, especially the Incomplete Letters test of visuoperception, compared to HCs. After adjusting for demographic variables, the visuoperceptual change was 61.1% overall, with the largest effect size. The changes in scores of visuoperception correlated with those of memory (r = 0.672, p < 0.001), language (r = 0.389, p < 0.05), and visuospatial ability (r = 0.379, p < 0.05). The severity of olfactory disturbance, the MDS-UPDRS Part I score, and younger PD onset predicted the significant changes observed in the Incomplete Letters test scores. Visuoperception changed more in non-demented PD patients than in HCs at 1-year follow-up. The changes in visuoperception could relate to involvement of the ventral occipitotemporal pathway, the more widespread temporal lobe, and brain reserve in PD.
A rechargeable lithium-ion batteries cathode LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with hollow nano/micro hierarchical microspheres (LNMO-HS) is prepared. LNMO-HS with diameters of about 1μm is composed of approximately 100nm primary nanoparticles. The initial discharge capacity of LNMO-HS cathode is as high as 181.5mAhg−1 at 1C between 2.5 and 4.5V. The corresponding capacity retention is 96.3% during 100 charge and discharge cycles. The reversible discharge capacities are 152.2 (10C) and 134.6mAhg−1 (15C), respectively. After 1000 cycles at 15C, the capacity retention of LNMO-HS cathode is up to 95.5%. The superior rate capability and cyclability of LNMO-HS cathode can be attributed to the distinctive hollow nano/micro hierarchical microspherical structures. It could not only effectively reduce the paths of Li ions diffusion, increase contact area between electrodes and electrolyte but also buffer the volume changes during Li ions intercalation/deintercalation processes.
Carbon coated spherical Na2FePO4F particles with typical diameters from 500 nm to 1 μm have been synthesized through an economical carbothermal reduction method with a simple apparatus. Mixed carbon source consists of citric acid and phenolic resin can form highly graphitized carbon and remarkably improve the electrical conductivity. When cycled against lithium, Na2FePO4F/C cathodes deliver maximum discharge capacity of 119 mAh g−1 at a low rate of 0.05 C. Reversible capacity of 110 mAh g−1, 74 mAh g−1 and 52 mAh g−1 can be obtained at 0.1 C, 1 C and 2 C rates, respectively. And after 30 cycles at 0.1 C, 91% of the discharge capacity can still be maintained. The electrochemical kinetic characteristic of electrode material is investigated by EIS and the apparent Li+ diffusion coefficient in the Li/Na2FePO4F system is evaluated to be as high as 1.152 × 10−11 cm2 s−1. This study demonstrates that the practical and economical synthesis process can be a promising way for industrial production of high performance Na2FePO4F/C electrode material for large-scale lithium ion batteries.
Porous SnO2–Sn/C composites have been synthesized via directly pyrolysis of mixtures of SnO2 powder and poly(vinylidene fluoride) without any surfactant addition and other treatment. The composites are composed of SnO2 and Sn nanoparticles which are well encapsulated in porous carbon matrix as characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and micro-Raman spectrometer. The obtained materials were used as anode for lithium ion batteries, a discharge capacity of 1171mAhg−1 and a charge capacity of 611mAhg−1 were shown in the first cycle at a current density of 100mAg−1, and good cycling performance achieved even at current density as high as 800mAg−1. The good electrochemical behaviors could be attributed to the formation of Sn nanoparticles which can increase the reversible capacity and the porous carbon matrix which is of excellent buffering effect and high electronic conductivity.
A novel temperature-sensitive cathode material, LiCoO2@P3DT, exhibits not only improved cycling performance at ambient temperature, but also a thermal shutdown action at an elevated temperature of 110 °C, providing a self-activating thermal protection for lithium ion batteries.