batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A plug-and-play connection of spatially distributed microgrids with renewable and non-renewable energy sources is one of the proposed descriptions of the evolving smart grid. Moreover, there is a gradual shift on distributed generation (DG) over the years to focus more on renewable generation due to global incentivization, climatic issues (such as greenhouse gas emission), and energy market deregulation. This article places attention on photovoltaic (PV) system as an emerging power generation paradigm enabled by the evolving smart grid. One of the critical constraints in this game-changing technology is the high propensity for a mismatch between its power output and load profile characteristics, which could result into severe voltage violations, high losses and a larger reverse power during low load conditions. Consequently, the concept of dispatchability with load-following function for various PV deployment scenarios is crucial for the 21st century grid modernization. The dispatchable PV unit output is controllable when deployed with storage systems making it suitable for ancillary services and demand-side management application. Also, dispatchability implies the ability to remotely start and stop the operation of PV unit when needed to maintain grid reliability. This article presents various deployment scenarios of dispatchable PV units and their impacts on the evolving smart grid. Additionally, this paper reviews the evolution of control, monitoring and communication systems in the active distribution network, utility-interactive inverter technologies, dispatchable grid-connected hybrid system deployments, and communication network configuration for dispatchable distributed energy resource (DER) units integration into the electric power system (EPS).
Here we report a nano-porous sulfur–polyaniline (SPANI) electrode with high sulfur loading, excellent cycling and rate capability for Li–S batteries. The SPANI has a high degree of interconnected nano-porous structures conducive to large sulfur loading and fast mass transportation. In addition, a disulfide chain on PANI is also functioned as the electrochemical redox component. While the main positively charged backbone chain in SPANI provides electron conductivity and electrostatic attraction force to stabilize polysulfide anions during cycling. As a result, the SPANI electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 750mAhg−1 with 89.7% of capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.3C, and an excellent high-rate response up to 2C over 200 cycles with a good sulfur utilization. The covalently bonded sulfur on positively charged polymer substrate offers a new way to improve energy storage capabilities of Li–S batteries.
The study examines the feasibility of producing charcoal from wood wastes. The technical study was highlighted and the financial viability was analyzed. The socio-economic and marketing studies were pointed out. In this attempt, primary data were collected from logging operators and helpers, the charcoal vendors, and the suppliers of construction materials in Ife Central and Ife South local governments of Osun State using unstructured personal interview. The technical data were collected from documented records. The financial analysis was done through the use of cost-benefit ratio and production cost analysis. The data were projected for 5 years using the arithmetical straight line method. The results show that the fabricated masonry block kiln could yield a profitability efficiency of 31% in the first year of operation and 37.2% in the fifth year. The cost benefit ratios of 1.44 (1st year), 1.59 (3rd year), and 1.60 (5th year) positively indicate the profitability of the industry. The results therefore suggest that utilization of wood residuals is a strategy in harnessing rural resources and it would also considerably boost the profitability of rural resources.
This paper presents a fault detection method for short circuits based on the correlation coefficient of voltage curves. The proposed method utilizes the direct voltage measurements from the battery cells, and does not require any additional hardware or effort in modeling during fault detection. Moreover, the inherent mathematical properties of the correlation coefficient ensure the robustness of this method as the battery pack ages or is imbalanced in real applications. In order to apply this method online, the recursive moving window correlation coefficient calculation is adopted to maintain the detection sensitivity to faults during operation. An additive square wave is designed to prevent false positive detections when the batteries are at rest. The fault isolation can be achieved by identifying the overlapped cell in the correlation coefficients with fault flags. Simulation and experimental results validated the feasibility and demonstrated the advantages of this method.
Porous membranes with different charge on the surface and internal pore walls are prepared via the solvent-responsive layer-by-layer (SR-LBL) method. The effect of charge on the transport properties of different ions through the membranes is investigated in detail. The charge property of prepared membranes is tuned by assembling different charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) on the pore walls and the surface of the porous membranes. The results show that in a vanadium flow battery (VFB), the PE layers assembled on the surfaces (including pore walls) are capable to construct excellent ion transport channels to increase proton conductivity and to tune the ion selectivity via Donnan exclusion effect. Compared with the porous membrane with negative charges (7 bilayers), a VFB single cell assembled with a positively charged membrane (7.5 bilayers) yields a higher coulombic efficiency (98%). The water and ion transfer behavior exhibits a similar tendency. In the negative half-cell, the amount of V3+ gradually increases as cycles proceed and the amount of V2+ stays at a low and stable level. In the positive half-cell, the amount of VO2+ decreases; while VO2 + is accumulated. The imbalance of vanadium ions at both sides induces the discharge capacity fade.
Aim To extend understanding of impaired motor functioning of very preterm (VP)/very low birth weight (VLBW) children by investigating its relationship with visual attention, visual and visual-motor functioning. Methods Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming & Catching, and Balance component), as well as visual attention (attention network and visual search tests), vision (oculomotor, visual sensory and perceptive functioning), visual-motor integration (Beery Visual Motor Integration), and neurological status (Touwen examination) were comprehensively assessed in a sample of 106 5.5-year-old VP/VLBW children. Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate multivariate associations between deficits in visual attention, oculomotor, visual sensory, perceptive and visual-motor integration functioning, abnormal neurological status, neonatal risk factors, and MABC-2 scores. Results Abnormal MABC-2 Total or component scores occurred in 23–36% of VP/VLBW children. Visual and visual-motor functioning accounted for 9–11% of variance in MABC-2 Total, Manual Dexterity and Balance scores. Visual perceptive deficits only were associated with Aiming & Catching. Abnormal neurological status accounted for an additional 19–30% of variance in MABC-2 Total, Manual Dexterity and Balance scores, and 5% of variance in Aiming & Catching, and neonatal risk factors for 3–6% of variance in MABC-2 Total, Manual Dexterity and Balance scores. Conclusion Motor functioning is weakly associated with visual and visual-motor integration deficits and moderately associated with abnormal neurological status, indicating that motor performance reflects long term vulnerability following very preterm birth, and that visual deficits are of minor importance in understanding motor functioning of VP/VLBW children.
We present an effective synthesis process to obtain high-capacity disordered carbon from waste tires for use as anode in Li-ion battery. Carbon recovered from the pyrolysis of waste tire crumbs was treated with acids (HCl and HF), producing a high purity carbon devoid of all inorganic impurities. The surface characteristics of the treated carbon were further tailored by activating with KOH, which resulted in a high specific surface area of ~ 870 m2 g−1 with a large percentage of mesopores (average pore size ~ 3–5 nm). The morphology, structure, and composition of the resultant carbon were analyzed by SEM, TEM, Raman, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR. Its electrochemical performance was studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements at different current densities, slow scan cyclic voltammetry, and EIS. The treated carbon displayed a high specific capacity of ~ 880 mAh g−1 (at 50 mA g−1) with nearly 80% capacity retention after 100 cycles. This work opens a new avenue for waste tire recycling and use in electrochemical applications including energy storage devices.
This work discusses codoping moderate metal nanoparticles (Ni, Fe) on the ferrite/C composite nanofibers to improve the electronic conductivity. The ultrafine Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Ni/C, ZnFe2O4/Ni/Fe/C, and ZnO/Ni/Fe/C nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning and subsequent annealing at 450, 550 and 650°C, respectively. Their growth mechanism, morphologies and lithium ion storage properties are investigated in detail. ZnFe2O4/Ni/Fe/C exhibits the best electrochemical performance. The composite shows an initial discharge capacity of 1316mAhg−1 and manages to achieve a capacity of 793mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at 100mAg−1. A high capability of 450mA h g−1 is still obtained when the current density increases to 1Ag−1. We also compare the lithium ion storage properties of pure ZnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4/C and ZnFe2O4/Ni/Fe/C to demonstrate the positive effect of codoping ferrites by Ni and Fe nanoparticles with amorphous carbon mixed.
The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine the profile of cognitive impairment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using neuropsychological test batteries and event-related potential (ERP) measures. We examined seven sporadic ALS according to the El Escorial criteria; two patients had a spinal, five a bulbar onset of the disease. Neuropsychological signature was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the New Modified Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). We also performed correlative studies with arterial blood gas analysis. The auditory “oddball” stimulation was presented and recorded from 20 channels, and the amplitude and peak latency of global field power (GFP) was determined. MMSE score, resulted in more than 24, revealed no obvious dementia of all patients. However, the preservative errors of WCST supposed to increase among bulbar-onset patients. There was no relation between neuropsychological scores and PaCO2/PaO2 level. Although the subgroup difference of ERP was not remarkable, P3 latency negatively correlated with PaO2 level and N1/P3 latency positively correlated with PaCO2 level. These findings suggest that a possible reduction of prefrontal function exists in the bulbar-onset patients, and hypoxia and hypercapnia may also influence to abnormalities of ERP components regardless of ALS subtype.
Understanding the effect of electrode manufacturing defects on lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance is key to reducing the scrap rate and cost during cell manufacturing. In this regard, it is necessary to quantify the impact of various defects that are generated during the electrode coating process. To this end, we have tested large-format 0.5 Ah LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite pouch cells with defects intentionally introduced into the cathode coating. Different types of coating defects were tested including agglomerates, pinholes, and non-uniform coating. Electrodes with larger non-coated surface had greater capacity fade than baseline electrodes, while pinholes and agglomerates did not affect performance adversely. Post cycle analysis of electrodes showed that the anode facing the defective region in the cathode was clearly impacted by the defect. Further characterization using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction provided evidence for a proposed mechanism for material degradation related to the most detrimental type of coating defect.
Synthesis of non-precious electrocatalyst for the reduction of oxygen is of significant interest in the development of electrochemical energy conversion devices. Herein, we demonstrate a new, low-cost, and facile non-hydrothermal approach for the synthesis of electrocatalytically active spinel CoFe2O4 by thermal annealing of the multimetal complex, potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate [K2CoFe(CN)6]. The as-synthesized CoFe2O4 is characterized by spectroscopic, electron microscopic and electrochemical techniques. The polyhedral-shaped crystalline CoFe2O4 particles have size ranging from 200 to 300nm. The CoFe2O4 catalyst is integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and its electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction is evaluated. The integrated hybrid catalyst rGO/CoFe2O4 favors the 4-electron reduction of oxygen to water at low overpotential in alkaline pH with Tafel slope of 63mV dec−1. The hybrid catalyst (rGO/CoFe2O4) has high durability and methanol tolerance. The catalytic performance is superior to that of the as-synthesized CoFe2O4 and rGO. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of CoFe2O4 and rGO, large surface area and high electronic conductivity. The ideal integration of CoFe2O4 with electronically conducting rGO favor the facile diffusion and promote the electron transfer for the reduction of oxygen.
Aim of study Andrographis paniculata has been known to possess widespread traditional application in the treatment of allergy and inflammatory diseases. In the current study, we sought to examine the effects of an extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves on inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced [nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and calcimycin (A23187) induced [leukotriene B4 (LTB4), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and histamine] mediators in diverse cell based models. Materials and methods Effect of an extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves (AP) was studied on inhibition of LPS induced NO, PGE2, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in J774A.1 murine macrophages; A23187 induced LTB4 and TXB2 in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemic cells and histamine in RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells. Results and conclusion AP illustrated significant alleviation of pro-inflammatory, inflammatory, and allergic mediators. However, no inhibition was observed against histamine release. This outcome has been summed up to deduce that AP is fairly potent in attenuating the inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory (NO, IL-1 beta and IL-6), inflammatory (PGE2 and TXB2) and allergic (LTB4) mediators.
The scope of the present research is the reduction of cost and time related to the design, prototyping and testing of a Li-ion battery pack, which is used in commercial full electric vehicles using tools for rapid product configuration and simulation. This objective is particularly important for small companies that produce many different batteries in small lots. To develop the product design support system, a preliminary study was necessary. A 3D model was analyzed to simulate real thermal behavior, reproducing a real electric load using a standard ECE-15 cycle. Experimental tests have been conducted on the vehicle and battery to validate the model. An analytical thermal model was developed to evaluate the heat generated by electrochemical reactions inside a Li-ion cell. The outcome of this analytical model was used as the boundary condition in the CFD simulation of the battery model to evaluate the cooling behavior. The rules and results deduced from these studies have allowed the implementation of an easy-to-use knowledge-based configuration tool that supports the designer in the definition of the layout of the battery pack to save time and evaluate costs. As a test case, the battery for an urban freight vehicle was designed using the proposed approach. The achieved results show good performance and robustness of the simplified approach in terms of temperature distribution evaluation and design process efficiency.
Data mining methods are used to analyze and improve production processes in a lithium-ion cell manufacturing line. The CRISP-DM methodology is applied to the data captured during the manufacturing processes. Key goals include the identification of process dependencies and key quality drivers as well as the prediction of the product quality before the cumbersome and costly formation and aging procedure. Several Data mining methods, such as Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT) are compared and evaluated. Best results are yielded by an application of GLM, RF, and GBT for prediction of battery cell capacity before the expensive formation process. Key quality drivers identified are the electrode fabrication processes, as well as the electrolyte filling process during cell assembly. This is, to our knowledge, the first time data from a real battery production line has been systematically processed and analyzed along the whole process chain. The results of this paper can assist to manufacture better batteries and to reduce costs of lithium-ion cells by providing a systematic procedure for data acquisition and by lowering scrap rates during production.
Lithium-sulfur (LiS) batteries are promising rechargeable batteries because of their low cost, environment-friendly and high energy density. Numerous bi-functional interlayers have been used for enhancing the cycle life of LiS batteries based on novel cell configuration. Most interlayers, however, are conductive carbon materials, which that have weak interactions with polysulfides, and this resulting in fast capacity losing over long-term cycling. Herein, for the first time, carbon@Ti4O7 composite nanofibers (C@Ti4O7 CNFs) have been successfully synthesized using in situ synthetic method. The C@Ti4O7 CNFs interlayer cells have excellent electrochemical performances due to the good restriction of diffused polysulfide, the uniform distribution of final discharge products (sulfides) and the improved conductivity of the whole cathode in charge/discharge process. An initial capacity of 1046 mAh g−1 at 2 C is achieved, with a fade rate of only 0.09% per cycle over 500 cycles, and it finally keeps a capacity of 560 mAh g−1. Even with a high rate of 4 C, the cells still exhibited a favorable specific capacity of 860 mAh g−1 after 25 cycles, and it returns back to a high specific capacity more than 1000 mAh g−1 when the rate is reduced to 0.5 C, and this showing indicated good reversibility.
The main purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between physical self-concept and health-related physical fitness in Spanish children. A sample of 72 Spanish primary education students (boys, n=39; girls, n=33; aged 10-12) participated in the study. All students were evaluated in the same week during the Physical Education classes. Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and EUROFIT test battery were applied to measure the variables (physical self-concept and physical fitness, respectively). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that physical self-concept and physical fitness are positively related (r=.55; p<.001). Physical self-concept and health-related physical fitness are positively associated in Spanish children.
Electrochemical and physical analysis is employed to verify the performance degradation mechanism in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). The power density of a single cell measured at 200mAcm−2 decreases by 40% after 11h of operation. The performance of the single cell is partly recovered however, by a reactivation process. Various analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to investigate the mechanism of performance degradation. The analytical results show that the electrolyte membranes in the DFAFC are stable for 11h of operation after the reactivation process. The major factors causing performance degradation in the DFAFC are an increment in the anode charge-transfer resistance and a growth in the particle size of the Pd anode catalyst. The anode charge-transfer resistance, confirmed by EIS, increases with operation time and is due to poisoning of the catalyst surface. Although it is not clear what chemical species poisons the catalyst surface, the catalyst surface is cleaned by the reactivation process. Performance losses caused by surface poisoning are completely recovered by the reactivation process. Increase in catalyst size induces a reduction in active surface area, and the performance loss caused by the growth in catalyst size cannot be recovered by the reactivation process.
Differences in levels of political engagement between blacks and whites have long captured scholars' interest. As a consequence, this topic has been heavily studied in American politics. However, many of these studies have taken a static approach to analyzing political behavior and few have examined how individuals orient themselves to political participation over time. Yet, engagement in political behavior as well as the information that can be obtained from any specific political action will change within a mutable political environment. In our examination of patterns in blacks' and whites' political engagement between 1973 and 1994, we investigate the ability of various civic activities to differentiate between high and low propensity participators. This dynamic analysis, with the incorporation of a unique methodological approach, reveals a gradual increase in blacks' likelihood to engage in politics. Moreover, the increase in blacks' engagement has served to diminish racial disparities in political behavior over time.
A novel phenylethynyl-containing conjugative organodisulfide compound 9-trimethylsilane ethynyl-5,8-dihydro-lH,4H-2,3,6,7-tetrathia-anthracene (TMSEDTTA) was synthesized by a facile preparation method, characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and was tested as cathode active material in rechargeable lithium batteries. The electrochemical properties of S–S bonds redox behavior in the organodisulfides were investigated in 1.0 M LiClO4/EC/DMC (1:1, v/v) solution. The system has many advantages, such as high theoretical charge density (ca. 365 mAh g−1), fast redox process and enhanced reversibility. The fast redox process and enhanced reversibility are due to the intramolecular cleavage-recombination of the S–S bond, and the intramolecular electrocatalytic effect of phenylethynyl chain. The cyclic voltammogram of TMSEDTTA shows multiple redox peaks. The separation of the anodic and cathodic peak potentials for disulfide bond in TMSEDTTA is 0.4 V. The charge–discharge tests show an initial capacity of 330 mAh g−1 and the coulomb efficiency of more than 80 % after the electrochemical activation.
Integrated supercapacitors with extended operation voltage are important for high energy density storage devices. In this work, we develop a novel direct electrode deposition on separator (DEDS) process to fabricate graphene based integrated tandem supercapacitors for the first time. The DEDS process generates compact graphene‐polyaniline electrodes directly on the separators to form integrated supercapacitors. The integrated graphene‐polyaniline tandem supercapacitors demonstrate ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 52.5WhL−1 at power density of 6037WL−1 and excellent gravimetric energy density of 26.1Whkg−1 at power density of 3002Wkg−1 with outstanding electrochemical stability for over 10,000 cycles. This study show great promises for the future development of integrated energy storage devices.