batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A Zn2SnO4-nanocrystals/graphene-nanosheets (Zn2SnO4/G) nanohybrid has been prepared by a facile in situ hydrothermal route using SnCl4⋅5H2O, ZnCl2 and graphite oxide (GO) as the precursors and N2H4⋅H2O as the mineralizer and reducing agent. The formation of Zn2SnO4 and the reduction GO occur simultaneously during the hydrothermal process. The Zn2SnO4 nanocrystals are uniformly dispersed and immobilized by the graphene nanosheets reduced from GO. The direct restacking of the hydrophobic graphene sheets is inhibited by loading Zn2SnO4 nanocrystals as the spacers. Zn2SnO4/G shows an improved electrochemical performance than bare Zn2SnO4 due to the conducting, dispersing and immobilizing effects of graphene.
Basic and clinical research support a link between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the relationship with AD progression is unclear. This review focuses on the association between diabetes and cognitive decline in patients with AD. The literature published through May 2015 was searched in 3 databases: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. Studies evaluating the effects of diabetes on patients with AD or cognitive decline were included, and extracted data were analyzed. A total of 10 articles met the inclusion criteria for review. The results of these studies were inconsistent in terms of the association between diabetes and cognitive decline. Only 2 studies demonstrated that the presence of diabetes was independently related to the progression of cognitive decline in the patients with AD, and 3 studies suggested that histories of diabetes were not correlated with the changes in cognitive function in patients with AD. Half of the included studies even indicated that histories of diabetes were associated with lesser declines in cognitive function in patients with AD. Current evidence indicates that the link between diabetes and cognitive decline in patients with AD is uncertain. Further clinical studies are needed, with larger samples, long-term follow up and an extended battery of cognitive assessments.
In the past decades, research efforts on polyanion-type cathode materials by the scientific community intensified significantly. This paper reviews the latest advances in the exploration and development of polyanion-type compounds as high performance cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. It focuses on the synthesis, structure and physicochemical (especially electrochemical) properties of several classes of polyanion compounds. The relationship between composition–structure–performance of the novel electrode materials is also summarized and analyzed. The main approaches, achievements and challenges in this field are briefly commented and discussed.
Cross-nanoflower CoS2 on rGO nanosheets has been synthesized by simply controlling the pre-reaction step during hydrothermal route. Three-dimensional CoS2 cross-nanoflowers of 150–200 nm in diameter are formed in-situ through self-assembling with rGO nanosheets reduced from GO (shorten as CoS2–NF/rGO-NS). From XRD, SEM, XPS and TEM analysis, these CoS2 nanoflowers are composed of single crystal nano-slices of 20–30 nm in thickness and evenly distributed in the networks of flexible/conductive rGO nanosheets. Owing to both capacitive-controlled and diffusion-controlled mechanisms existing in the discharging/charging processes, CoS2–NF/rGO-NS composites show excellent rate performance and cycling stability as anode materials. According to DFT calculations/simulations, the corresponding diffusion barrier (E bar) is derived to be 0.47 eV along ⟨100⟩ diffusion direction for CoS2 cross-nanoflower, indicating an effective lithium ion diffusion channel. Their enhanced electrochemical properties are therefore attributed to synergistic effects of two components: highly active/stable nanoflower-like CoS2–NF structure and flexible/conductive reduced graphene nanosheets (rGO-NS).
The contribution of renewable energies (in particular of wind power) to the electrical power generation has been continuously increasing in the recent decades. This article focuses on the necessary options that manage the variability of wind turbine output and enable the large scale integration of wind power with the current electricity system, such as additional power reserves, distributed storage technologies, in particular electric vehicles, and cross-boarder power transmission. The influence of geographical distribution of wind turbines on the produced power variability is described as well. The article highlights that even though state-of-art technologies for higher wind integration are present, there is a necessity for the proper management and integration of mentioned options.
Oil expression tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of a novel oil expeller designed and fabricated to operate on a 200W solar photovoltaic (PV) power system as a sole power source. The oil press was designed to press oilseeds meal with intermediate moisture content of 12±1% (w.b.) and 0.5–2mm particle sizes. Freshly grated coconuts and ground peanuts were used to determine the oil expression efficiency of the press. The oilseed samples were pressed for 12min with a maximum pressure of 3.0MPa being reached at 6min of pressing for peanuts and 8min of pressing for coconuts. The pressure was then held for the rest of the pressing time. The press attained an average oil expression efficiency of 73% for coconuts and 70% for peanuts. The force-vs.-deformation studies indicated that peanut press meal was compacted at a higher rate as compared to coconuts. The observation on the energy consumption indicated that there was a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ) in the specific energy requirement for both coconuts and peanuts after 6min of pressing, which resulted from the solidification of the press cake. An average specific energy of 36.55 and 20.35Wh/kg was recorded for peanuts and coconuts, respectively, after 12min of pressing.
The escalation of power system promotes the development of energy storage technologies (ESTs). Among all of ESTs, battery technologies develop quickly and diversely because of its huge application market. Aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are very attractive to customers in the energy grid system, and their noticeable technological innovations in past decades are driving them to gradually replace the conventional ESTs under certain circumstance. Here, the first fully-flow-able zinc–nickel flow battery (ZNFB) is preliminary reported in this paper, and its superior performance is supposed to be suitable for both large-scale storage need and carry-on powertrain in cars. Through using semi-solid fuel cell (SSFC) technology, we incorporates the beneficial features of Zn/Ni chemistry (essentially sustainable, eco-friendly and deposit-abundant) into RFB structure to make a “hybrid” flow battery system, which can take the advantage of both. The relationship between carbon loading and suspension conductivity is determined. Electrochemical properties of ZNFB as static test, cycling test, and fully flowing test are studied to demonstrate our design.
Cell voltage monitoring (CVM) systems are essential for the operation of fuel cell stacks and some battery systems, in the field as well as in the laboratory, because they allow the diagnosis and correction of problems that would otherwise go unnoticed and cause impaired performance or even permanent damage. A robust, safe, and low-cost design for a CVM unit is presented, using electromechanical relays as multiplexing switches. Some examples from the application of the unit on the University of Delaware's fuel cell battery hybrid buses are presented, including its use in automatically correcting anode flooding and diagnosing air channel blockage.
Water-resistant LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 spinel cathode was prepared by surface coating with carbon, Al2O3 and Nb2O5 to use a water-based hybrid polymer (TRD202A, JSR, Japan) as a binder and to form the cathode film on an Al current collector. The surface composition and degree of the surface coverage of carbon, Al2O3 and Nb2O5 were characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 particles not only exhibited water-resistant property but also showed no decrease in discharge capacity and only a small degradation of discharge rate performance. In addition, the coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 particles, that were exposed to water-based binder solution for one week, exhibited the same charge/discharge cycle performance as observed for the cathode of the pristine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles, suggesting that the coated particles are promising as cathode materials with a water-resistant property and therefore water can be used as solvent for preparing the cathode slurry solution in the place of e.g., carcinogenic N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which is used actually.
Astronomy has a long tradition of translating data into different visual representations and scholars have noted a division between ‘pretty pictures’ and scientific images. A series of drawings and engravings of M51 derived from Lord Rosse’s observations at Birr Castle and Hubble Space Telescope images of the same object offer an opportunity to examine shifts in the object’s representation within a given period, as well as over the long history of observing it. This demonstrates both the consistent interest of astronomy in structure and improved resolution, as well as the subjective treatment of light and color. Furthermore, while the distinction between ‘pretty pictures’ and scientific images offers a starting point for analyzing the translations within a given period, the line between the two blurs, suggesting the complexity of aesthetic choices within astronomical images.
Co-occurring emotional distress and chronic pain are a true challenge in the clinic. This combination of symptoms is quite common but associated with poor treatment results, frequent relapses and costly dysfunction. This paper describes a transdiagnostic approach to the problem by focusing on psychological processes that drive both the emotional as well as the pain problem. Avoidance and context (in)sensitivity are suggested as potential transdiagnostic factors that might be targeted in treatment. Since both pain and distress are aversive, they may be avoided. This may be helpful in the short-term, but paradoxically the avoidance maintains the problem in the long-term. Context sensitivity concerns how well our responses are in tune with the changing demands of the environment. We propose that context insensitivity may drive emotional distress and pain problems. We present data that show that disclosure of pain is important emotionally, but that it is also a challenge to respond in manner that is sensitive to the social context. Indeed, disclosing how we feel emotionally or concerning pain might be helpful in some situations, but enhance the problem in others. Finally, we outline a hybrid treatment that combines exposure for pain (feared movements) and emotions (disclosure) with context sensitivity training. While such new treatments are promising, there remains a dire need for more clinical research to test and improve treatments for co-occurring emotional distress and pain.
The growing utilization of portable and autonomous micro devices results in a need for novel integrated power supplies with low power densities and energy contents. We report on a rechargeable thin-film microbattery which is manufactured using typical microfabrication methods. In detail, the microbattery is based on the nickel-metal hydride chemistry and fabricated with a coplanar design on a glass wafer. Ionic conductivity is enabled with a gel electrolyte that is sealed with a polymer to prevent dessication. We compare the electrode characteristics in the gel electrolyte and in a corresponding liquid electrolyte. Charge-discharge measurements at different currents are performed to evaluate the performance of the microbattery. The capacity is found to be 2.8 μAh cm−2 μm−1 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. We also investigate the microbattery degradation over the number of charge-discharge cycles using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that the capacity after 100 cycles decreases to around half of the initial value which is mainly attributed to the gel electrolyte degradation.
Determining user’s perception of a brand in short periods of time has become crucial for business. Distilling brand perception directly from people’s comments in social media has promise. Current techniques for determining brand perception, such as surveys of handpicked users by mail, in person, phone or online, are time consuming and increasingly inadequate. The DERIV system distills storylines from open data representing direct consumer voice into a brand perception. The framework summarizes perception of a brand in comparison to peer brands with in-memory distributed algorithms utilizing supervised machine learning techniques. Experiments performed with open data and models built with storylines of known peer brands show the technique as highly scalable and accurate in capturing brand perception from vast amounts of social data compared to sentiment analysis.
In this paper, the authors investigate four original methodologies for sizing a battery bank inside a passive wind turbine system. This device interacts with wind and load cycles, especially for a stand-alone application. Generally, actual wind speed measurements are of long duration which leads to extensive processing time in a global optimization context requiring a wide number of system simulations. The first part of this article outlines two sizing methodologies based on a statistical approach for the sizing of the electrochemical storage device of a stand-alone passive wind turbine system. Two other efficient methodologies based on the synthesis of compact wind speed profiles by means of evolutionary algorithms are described in the second part of this paper. The results are finally discussed with regard to the relevance of the battery bank sizing and in terms of computation cost, this later issue being crucial to an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) process.
This paper presents an electrochemical-electrical-thermal coupled modeling approach for pouch-type lithium ion batteries. In the presented approach, simple and efficient analytical methods are applied to calculate the current density over the current collector and the localized heat generation rate of current collectors. The feasibility of this approach is validated with experimentation. A comprehensive simulation study on the impact of tab arrangements on the temperature distribution of pouch-type lithium ion batteries is conducted. The results demonstrate that symmetrical tab arrangements improve the uniformity of temperature distribution significantly, although they will lead to a very slight increment of the maximum temperature on the surface of pouch cell. Besides, placing the collecting tabs on the opposite sides or long side(s) of battery cell is helpful in lowering its maximum temperature and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution.
Midgut proteins may provide new molecular targets for insect control. This could be particularly important for some pests, such as pine bark beetles, which are difficult to control by conventional methods. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide information about the activity of a particular tissue, and, in the case of pest insects, may quickly identify potential targets. We present here an EST project representing 574 tentative unique genes (TUGs) expressed in the midgut of the male pine engraver beetle, Ips pini. This tissue uses the mevalonate pathway to produce the monoterpenoid pheromone component, ipsdienol, de novo in response to juvenile hormone (JH) III. Comparison of our ESTs with those previously isolated from larval silkmoth (Bombyx mori) midguts revealed interesting similarities and differences in gene representation that correlate with the conserved and divergent functions of these two tissues. For example, seven mevalonate pathway genes were represented in the I. pini ESTs, while none were found from B. mori. This type of comparison may assist the identification of species-specific targets for future pest control strategies.
Although considerable attentions have been paid to lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors, the trade-off between energy density, power density and cycling life is still need to be further improved. For achieving a win-win situation between these electrochemical performances, herein we introduce a novel strategy for constructing an advanced aqueous rechargeable nickel-bismuth battery, which was assembled for the first time with the NiMoO4@NiCo-layered double hydroxide core/shell heterostructure nanoarrays directly grown on the nickel foam as the cathode and Bi2O2CO3 microspheres as the anode active materials. To obtain the new cathode with outstanding electrochemical performance, the growth condition of “core” materials (NiMoO4 nanoarray) and growth times of “shell” materials (NiCo-layered double hydroxide) coated onto the “core” materials were optimized systematically. The cathode exhibits a prominent specific capacity of 323.9 mA h/g at 1 A/g, good capacity retention of 67.8% in the current density range of 1–10 A/g and excellent conductivity along with fast electrolyte ions diffusion rates. As for the anode active materials, the Bi2O2CO3 microspheres display a high specific capacity of 186.3 mA h/g at 0.5 A/g, ultrahigh capacity retention of 90.1% in 0.5–10 A/g and excellent cycling stability. Desirably, the prepared nickel-bismuth battery can deliver a decent energy density of 46.7 W h/kg with the power density of 720 W/kg at 1 A/g, which are superior to that of the corresponding hybrid electrochemical capacitors with the same cathode yet commercial activated carbons as anode active materials. And the high power density of 5844.5 W/kg can also be obtained with the energy density of 22.6 W h/kg at 10 A/g. What's more, 53.2% of the initial capacity can be retained after 2000 cycles at 6 A/g. The excellent electrochemical performance can be put down to the elaborate architecture of electrodes and synergistic effect between active materials.
A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team.
The rapid growth of portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles demands new battery technologies with greater energy stored at a reduced cost. Energy storage solutions based on multivalent metals, such as Mg, could significantly increase the energy density as compared to lithium-ion based technology. In this paper, we employ density functional theory calculations to systematically evaluate the performance, such as thermodynamic stability, ion diffusivity and voltage, of a group of 3d transition-metal sulfur-spinel compounds (21 in total) for multivalent cathode applications. Based on our calculations, Cr2S4, Ti2S4 and Mn2S4 spinel compounds exhibit improved Mg2+ mobility (diffusion activation energy <650 meV) relative to their oxide counterparts, however the improved mobility comes at the expense of lower voltage and thereby lower theoretical specific energy. Ca2+ intercalating into Cr2S4 spinel exhibits a low diffusion activation barrier of 500 meV and a voltage of ∼2 V, revealing a potential cathode for use in Ca rechargeable batteries.
Imidazole rings were grafted on alkoxysilane with a simple nucleophilic substitute reaction to form hybrid inorganic–organic polymers with imidazole rings. Proton exchange membranes (PEM) based on these hybrid inorganic–organic polymers and H3PO4 exhibit high proton conductivity and high thermal stability in an atmosphere of low relative humidity. The grafted imidazole rings improved the proton conductivity of the membranes in the high temperature range. It is found that the proton conductivities increase with H3PO4 content and temperature, reaching 3.2×10−3 S/cm at 110°C in a dry atmosphere for a membrane with 1mole of imidazole ring and 7moles of H3PO4. The proton conductivity increases with relative humidity (RH) as well, reaching 4.3×10−2 S/cm at 110°C when the RH is increased to about 20%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that these membranes are thermally stable up to 250°C in dry air, implying that they have a good potential to be used as the membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells.
Despite the intense interest in solid oxide fuel cells, many details of their durability remain a mystery. Here, we present the insight see on electrode degradation in thermal cycle processes. Our model interprets the degradation to the stresses induced by thermal expansion mismatch of the electrocatalyst and electrolyte in a composite electrode that undergoes a temperature change. Such stresses might break the particle–particle interfaces (grain boundaries), thus reduce oxygen-ionic conductivity, electronic conductivity, and three-phase boundaries within the electrode, and consequently, degrade its performance. The model formulates the degradation rate as a function of cycle number, thermal expansion coefficient, composition, and particle size, providing a remarkable ability to balance thermal expansion restriction and catalytic activity of electrode materials, to optimize the electrode structure and composition, and to predict thermal-cycle durability. The model explicitly demonstrates that, in addition to their excellent electrochemical activity, nanostructured electrodes exhibit exceptional durability in thermal cycle processes.
A high-energy efficient method is developed for the synthesis of LiFePO4@CNT core–shell nanowire structures. The method consists of two steps: liquid deposition approach to prepare FePO4@CNT core–shell nanowires and solvothermal lithiation to obtain the LiFePO4@CNT core–shell nanowires at a low temperature. The solution phase method can be easily scaled up for commercial application. The performance of the materials produced by this method is evaluated in Li ion batteries. The one-dimensional LiFePO4@CNT nanowires offer a stable and efficient backbone for electron transport. The LiFePO4@CNT core–shell nanowires exhibit a high capacity of 132.8 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.2C, as well as high rate capability (64.4 mAh g−1 at 20C) for Li ion storage.
Abstract This review examines the concept of transforming CO2 ultimately into high hydrocarbon fuels as a means of closing the carbon cycle. It is noted that this in effect is two challenges and must address not only the environmental impact, but also the need for clean renewable energy. It describes the two potential routes; Indirect routes which covers the generation of syngas via the Dry Methane Reforming process and the subsequent conversion of syngas into hydrocarbons via the Fischer-Tropsch process. Examination of the concept of methanol to hydrocarbons is also dealt with; while this is a more convoluted process compared to Fischer-Tropsch it allows production of gasoline range hydrocarbons with octane number enhancement properties. Direct routes are also described briefly and examine the concept of the chemical transformation of CO2 into fuels, in this section the limitations of such a process of demonstrated, with specific emphasis on the reduction of catalyst choice, due to reduced activity towards CO2 compared to CO. As such to overcome these limitations specific additives may be employed. The chapter concludes with a critical examination of the future perspectives for such processes and with specific emphasis upon potential areas of research to improve the viability of widespread application. In particular it is commented that perhaps the biggest and most difficult challenge for closing the carbon cycle arises from the need for a clean, cheap and most importantly renewable source of H2.