batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Li-rich layered composite Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 is prepared by a novel approach in which carbon felt acts as a carrier for synthesis reaction. The as-prepared material is characterized by SEM, ICP and XRD, its electrochemical performance is also examined with galvanostatic charge/discharge and CV measurements. It is showed that the facile process controls effectively the particle growth (in size around 100–200 nm) of the composite and its chemical composition. The as-prepared material shows a high initial discharge capacity about 288 mAh g−1 when charged to 4.8 V, and a retained value of 246.8 mAh g−1 in the 40th cycle. The crystalline structure of the composite is simulated further by Material Studio. It is revealed that the composite has a compatible layer structure merged by Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, which makes substantial contribution to the cycleability of the electrode. In addition, the lithiation/delithiaion properties including charge transfer resistance and lithium ion diffusion coefficient are studied with electrochemical impedance spectra.
Graphene@NiO/MoO3 composite nanosheet arrays (CSAs) were grown on the nickel foam via a one-step hydrothermal way. The composite of NiO and MoO3 showed a promising synergistic effect for capacitors. Graphene had been integrated to the composite nanosheets to further enhance the electrochemical performance. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. A possible growth mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of the composite nanosheets by carrying out a series of time-dependent experiments. Benefiting from the improved electron conductivity and effective buffering of the volume variation induced by redox reactions, the composite exhibited a high area capacitance of 1.372F cm−2 even at a high current density of 42mAcm−2, and showed excellent cycle stability (62.7% of the initial capacitance after 7500 cycles, while 87.9% remained in the latter 7000 cycles).
With the growing popularity of various internet of things sensors and portable devices, such as smartphones and smartwatches, the demand for power generation sources for driving such electronic devices is becoming increasingly important and challenging. If we rely on batteries to drive all of the sensors related to Internet of things, most of the IoT would be impossible. Here, we report the exciting possibilities for the use of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) toward real-time self-powered electronics, such as a smartphone-to-smartwatch telecommunication over Bluetooth via the capacitors charged by the TENGs, a self-powered pulse sensor, and a real-time self-powered calculator. To achieve the high-output power of the TENGs, we focused on multiple strategic points such as device structures, contacted materials, and mechanical systems, as well as circuit design methods of enhancing the charging efficiency to the energy storage device. The novel integration scheme of TENGs made it generate areal output power of approximately 3 mW/cm2 under a low frequency of 3 Hz through a gear-cam system. Based on these results, fast-chargeable portable power-supplying systems for the continuous self-powered electronic systems were successfully developed.
The Russian power system is diversified regionally and consists of one Unified Power System (UPS) and multiple isolated power systems. In the Russian Federation the policy on the use of renewable energies has been one of the most debated topics in recent years. In 2010, the Russian Renewable Energy Program was launched which aims to generate 4.5% of the entire electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2020. These energy resources can significantly contribute to both the reduction of electricity generation costs in the Isolated Power Systems (IPS) and to the creation of new job opportunities. In this study an innovative methodology for the planning of isolated power systems is presented. The methodology is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and on the software program HOMER Energy®. It considers the economic, social and environmental criteria for the optimal planning of isolated systems. A case study related to a small Siberian isolated power system is analyzed.
In this paper, an investigation has been made on the effects of the annealing at 1273K for 7h on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the low Co-containing hydrogen storage alloy MlNi3.8Co0.3Mn0.3Al0.4Fe0.2 for nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) battery electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and metallographic examinations show that annealing has no significant effect on the phase constituent and structure of the alloy, but can make the crystal lattice strain and composition segregation decrease, the dendrite structure disappear and the crystalline grain grow. The annealing at 1273K for 7h causes an increase in the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrode. Annealing can also bring about a decrease in the plateau potential and a considerable increase in the cycling stability of MlNi3.8Co0.3Mn0.3Al0.4Fe0.2 alloy electrode. The mechanism of the improvement in the cycling stability was discussed based on the alloy crystallographic structure and microstructure change due to annealing.
Despite its importance in every-day life and vocational rehabilitation, arithmetic ability has rarely been investigated in schizophrenic patients. Those few studies reporting arithmetic deficits in schizophrenia, however, administered complex calculation tasks which drew not only on arithmetic abilities, but also on working memory resources known to be impaired in schizophrenia. In the present study, arithmetic abilities and working memory functions were investigated in schizophrenic patients (n=24) and healthy control subjects (n=24). Arithmetic fact retrieval was assessed in single-digit multiplication and corresponding division problems using a result verification task which minimized working memory demands. Problem size and the disparity of the proposed result were manipulated. The storage component of working memory was tested with a digit span forward task and the executive control component with a digit span backward as well as with verbal fluency tasks. Schizophrenic patients performed worse than controls only in the executive tasks. Digit span forward was preserved. In the arithmetic tasks, groups did not differ from each other, and a similar pattern of task manipulations was obtained. Hence, despite the executive control deficit retrieval of arithmetic facts is preserved in schizophrenia. Moreover, the same underlying cognitive processes as in control subjects are involved.
The biological function and origin of m6A in DNA have been widely debated. A new study demonstrates that the majority of m6A in DNA originates from RNA catabolism via a nucleotide salvage pathway.
Neuropsychological impairment is ubiquitous in schizophrenia even at the first presentation of psychotic symptoms. We sought to elucidate the nature of the neuropsychological profile at the onset of the illness by examining the neuropsychological functioning of 40 patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis and 22 matched controls. All participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tasks designed to assess attention, verbal learning/memory, non-verbal memory, spatial ability, psychomotor speed, and executive function. First-episode patients showed significant impairment on tasks of executive function, including those requiring the ability to form and initiate a strategy, to inhibit prepotent responses, and to shift cognitive set, and also on tasks of verbal fluency. Memory impairments were seen on verbal learning and delayed non-verbal memory only. Impairment on tasks of psychomotor speed suggests that there may be a significant amount of cognitive slowing even at the first onset of psychosis. We suggest that our patients may be experiencing difficulty in specific aspects of executive functions, including the ability to form and execute a strategy, and these difficulties may be mediating the deficits observed on tasks of verbal learning.
During valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) battery production bottlenecks occurring on the production line can result in varying delays between the different stages of production thus acting as a source of inconsistencies between batches. This paper describes a study conducted to determine the effects of different soaking times between the ‘acid fill’ and ‘formation’ stages of production. X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical testing have been used to study the compositional and morphological aspects of the positive active material just prior and after formation. Results indicate that paste compositions are effected by the time period between acid fill and formation. However, electrical test results and SEM examination of formed pastes suggest that soaking time is unlikely to affect the resulting battery performance.
To gain new insights into the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as a basis for the safe and efficient use of new anode materials, SEI formation on silicon and lithium titanate (LTO) anodes was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. EIS measurements performed at equidistant voltage intervals provided insights into SEI formation; ex situ XPS measurements supplied data on the chemical composition of the SEI layer. On the silicon anodes, a reduction of the resistance in the second cycle was observed, which suggests the formation of a stable SEI with SiO2, Li4SiO4, LiF, and different carbonates as its main components. On the LTO anodes, however, the resistance increased by a factor of two, indicating incomplete SEI formation. Here, LiF and different carbonates were identified as the SEI’s main components.
Lithium-sulfur battery, one of the most promising rechargeable electrochemical systems, has suffered several technical obstacles, such as rapid capacity fading and safety concerns. The former mainly result from the “shuttle” mechanism due to the dissolution of the reaction intermediates lithium polysulfides; the latter can be attributed to the highly flammable electrolyte. To overcome these problems, we prepared a series of Li-S battery electrolytes based on ionic liquid of (N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide, P1,2O1TFSI) and cosolvents of tris(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TEGDME) with lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) as lithium salt. The electrolyte provides a counterbalance between shuttle suppression and solubility of lithium polysulfides by combining the ionic liquid and TEGDME in the optimum mass ratio of 7:3. The 0.4molkg−1 LiTFSI-P1,2O1TFSI/(30wt%) TEGDME electrolyte exhibits good ion transport (room temperature ionic conductivity of 4.303mScm−1) and safety (self-extinguishing time of 4.8sg−1). The Li-S batteries with the 0.4molkg−1 LiTFSI-P1,2O1TFSI/(30wt%) TEGDME electrolyte possess the high discharge capacity (1212.8mAhg−1 for the first cycle at 0.1C), excellent rate capability (886.5mAhg−1 at 1C) and good cycling performance (capacity retention of 93.3% after 100 cycles with the coulombic efficiency above 95% at 1C). Moreover, this electrolyte could operate at 80°C in Li-S cells indicating the excellent high temperature performance. This research gives a new insight for designing ionic liquid-based electrolyte for the safe Li-S batteries with high performance.
In this study, a 2-D, transient vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) model was used to investigate and compare the ion transport mechanisms responsible for vanadium crossover in Nafion® 117 and sulfonated Radel (s-Radel) membranes. Specifically, the model was used to distinguish the relative contribution of diffusion, migration, osmotic and electro-osmotic convection to the net vanadium crossover in Nafion® and s-Radel. Model simulations indicate that diffusion is the dominant mode of vanadium transport in Nafion®, whereas convection dominates the vanadium transport through s-Radel due to the lower vanadium permeability, and thus diffusivity of s-Radel. Among the convective transport modes, electro-osmotic convection (i.e., electro-osmotic drag) is found to govern the species crossover in s-Radel due to its higher fixed acid concentration and corresponding free ions in the membrane. Simulations also show that vanadium crossover in s-Radel changes direction during charge and discharge due to the change in the direction of electro-osmotic convection. This reversal in the direction of crossover during charge and discharge is found to result in significantly lower “net” crossover for s-Radel when compared to Nafion®. Comparison of these two membranes also provides guidance for minimizing crossover in VRFB systems and underscores the importance of measuring the hydraulic and the electro-kinetic permeability of a membrane in addition to vanadium diffusion characteristics, when evaluating new membranes for VRFB applications.
Background: Psychotic patients consistently demonstrate 'jumping to conclusions' (JTC) on a cognitive task compared to matched controls. This study aimed to examine this phenomenon in first-episode psychosis patients and controls, and assess whether those who show the bias have worse IQ, clinical and cognitive insight. Methods: The study used a case-control design to assess differences in reasoning, IQ and cognitive insight between patients and controls. Differences in clinical insight in patients with and without JTC were also assessed. First-presentation psychotic patients (N=62) were recruited to the Genetics and Psychosis (GAP) study. A healthy comparison group (N=57) was recruited from the same area. The beads task (JTC) was administered. Subjects completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale and a neuropsychological battery. Patients were assessed with the clinician-rated Schedule for the Assessment of Insight. Chi-squared tests, independent samples t-tests and binomial logistic regression were used in analysis. Results: Patients demonstrated more JTC responses than controls (45.2% vs. 24.6%, p=0.019). Patients and controls who showed JTC bias had lower IQ (p<0.001), but not cognitive insight. Patients who showed JTC bias had lower 'recognition of illness' (p=0.037). Binary logistic regression suggested that IQ predicts whether subjects would show JTC better than case-control status. Discussion: JTC bias is linked to several other 'deficits'. Specifically they show lower IQ and clinical insight. IQ is the best predictor of showing JTC bias. Further work should investigate which specific cognitive domains are linked to JTC, and whether these overlap with deficits seen with clinical insight.
Spinel zinc manganate as a promising cathode material of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of high voltage platform, high abundance of raw material, low cost, non-toxicity and environmental friendliness. However, its inherent poor electrical conductivity and large volume expansion usually result in a low specific discharge capacity, fast capacity decay and poor cycling stability, which hinder its practical application. To alleviate these problems, graphene-wrapped hollow ZnMn2O4 microspheres (rGO@HM-ZMO) were prepared. The attachment of rGO successfully enhances the electronic conductivity and decreases the charge transfer resistance, and the hollow architecture can effectively alleviate the changes of crystal structure during the repeated Zn2+ insertion/extraction process. The resulting rGO@HM-ZMO electrode exhibits a superior specific discharge capacity of 146.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.3 A g−1 and impressive cycling stability which retains a capacity of around 72.7 mAh g−1 without fading after 650 cycles at a high rate of 1 A g−1, which are superior to some reported cathode materials of ZIBs. These electrochemical results suggest the rGO@HM-ZMO composite could be a competitive cathode material of ZIBs.
MDL QSAR (formerly SciVision QSAR IS) software is one of the several software systems under evaluation by the Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS) of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research for regulatory and scientific decision support applications. MDL QSAR software contains an integrated set of tools for similarity searching, compound clustering, and modeling molecular structure related parameters that includes 240 electrotopological E-state, connectivity, and other descriptors. These molecular descriptors can be statistically correlated with toxicological or biological endpoints. The goal of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using MDL QSAR software to develop structure–activity relationship (SAR) models that can be used to predict the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals. A validation study of 108 compounds that include 86 pharmaceuticals and 22 chemicals that were not present in a control rodent carcinogenicity data set of 1275 compounds demonstrated that MDL QSAR models had excellent coverage (93%) and good sensitivity (72%) and specificity (72%) for rodent carcinogenicity. The software correctly predicted 72% of non-carcinogenic compounds and compounds with carcinogenic findings. E-state descriptors contributed to more than half of the SAR models used to predict carcinogenic activity. We believe that electrotopological E-state descriptors and QSAR IS (MDL QSAR) software are promising new in silico approaches for modeling and predicting rodent carcinogenicity and may have application for other toxicological endpoints.
An efficient graphite electrode has been developed using expanded graphite as the starting material. A graphite plate has been expanded by doping with potassium vapour using a vapour incorporation technique developed at our laboratory. The extent of expansion of the electrode plate is about 20% of its initial thickness. These expanded graphite electrodes have been platinized by an electrodeposition method. The electrocatalytic activity of platinized expanded graphite has been examined, and the discharge profile of a conventional laboratory model fuel cell comprising a platinized Pt air cathode, expanded platinized graphite anode and sulphuric acid (2M) as electrolyte has been measured. Analysis of the electrochemical parameters of the laboratory model cell clearly indicates that the expanded Pt graphite electrode shows better electrochemical behaviour towards methanol (1M), ethanol (1M) and propanol (1M) oxidation than that of unexpanded graphite electrodes. The results are explained in terms of efficient electrocatalytic activity of the nano channel formed after the expansion. These electrodes are expected to have promising applications in fuel cells.
Recently, it has been clearly elucidated that nanostructured Si-based composites hybridized with protective and conductive materials can present enhanced electrochemical performance as anodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). One of remaining issues is to develop a sustainable and economic method to synthesize these composites on a large scale for industrial applications. Herein, we introduce a modified magnesiothermic reaction route to prepare the aforementioned Si-based composite electrodes using sea-sand derived Mg2Si as a reactive precursor. Owing to its reducibility and lability, Mg2Si can readily reduce group IVA oxides, such as Na2CO3, SiO2, GeO2, and SnO2, resulting in macroporous Si surrounded by the reduced forms of the counter reactants (C, Si, Ge, and Sn, respectively), some of which can be electrochemically attractive. Notably, the porous Si-based composite can be synthesized by a simple solid state reaction, so simplicity and scalability can be obtained. Also, the sea sand precursor is naturally–abundant; hence this process can be cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable. Porous Si@C composite can be synthesized from the modified magnesiothermic reaction using a sea sand-derived Mg2Si precursor, showing a specific capacity of 1000 mAh/g at 200th cycle. Potentially this process can be used for practical synthesis of Si-based composites.
The electrochemical performance of gel electrolytes based on crosslinked poly[ethyleneoxide-co-2-(2-methoxyethyoxy)ethyl glycidyl ether-co-allyl glycidyl ether] was investigated using graphite/Li1.1[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]0.9O2 lithium-ion cells. It was found that the conductivity of the crosslinked gel electrolytes was as high as 5.9mS/cm at room temperature, which is very similar to that of the conventional organic carbonate liquid electrolytes. Moreover, the capacity retention of lithium-ion cells comprising gel electrolytes was also similar to that of cells with conventional electrolytes. Despite of the high conductivity of the gel electrolytes, the rate capability of lithium-ion cells comprising gel electrolytes is inferior to that of the conventional cells. The difference was believed to be caused by the poor wettability of gel electrolytes on the electrode surfaces.
All solid-state thin film battery was prepared with conventional sputtering technologies. Low conductivity of lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) electrolyte and higher resistance at the interface of LiCoO2/LiPON was crucial for the development of thin film battery. Presence of thermally treated Al2O3 thin film at the interface of LiCoO2/LiPON decreased the interfacial resistance and increased the discharge capacity with the better cycling behaviors. Surface analysis and electrochemical impedance measurement indicate the formation of solid solution LiCo1−y Al y O2 at the interface of LiCoO2/LiPON.
Adaptive estimation of the state-of-charge (SoC) for batteries is increasingly appealing, thanks to its ability to accommodate uncertain or time-varying model parameters. We propose to improve the adaptive SoC estimation using multiple models in this study, developing a unique algorithm called MM-AdaSoC. Specifically, two submodels in state-space form are generated from a modified Nernst battery model. Both are shown to be locally observable with admissible inputs. The iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) is then applied to each submodel in parallel, estimating simultaneously the SoC variable and unknown parameters. The SoC estimates obtained from the two separately implemented IEKFs are fused to yield the final overall SoC estimates, which tend to have higher accuracy than those obtained from a single-model. Its effectiveness is demonstrated using simulation and experiments. The notion of multi-model estimation can be extended promisingly to the development of many other advanced battery management and control strategies.