batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Introduction Healthier lifestyle behaviours might be related to a lower cardiometabolic risk predisposed by menopause transition. The objectives of the study were: 1) to examine the association of sedentary time (ST) and physical fitness with “Ideal Cardiovascular Health” (ICH) in perimenopausal women, and 2) to determine the capacity of ST and physical fitness tests to discriminate between the presence or absence of ICH status in this population. Study design Observational cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures Sedentary time and different levels of physical activity were objectively assessed using triaxial accelerometry (on 7 consecutive days). Physical fitness was assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery, handgrip strength, and sit-and-reach tests. ICH status was created from the cut-off values of several health behaviours (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) and classical cardiometabolic markers (plasma total cholesterol and fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Results A total of 122 perimenopausal women (52.6 ± 4.2 years old) participated in this study. After adjusting for covariates, perimenopausal women with ICH status spent less time in sedentary behaviours and had higher scores on the 6-min-walk, 30-s-chair-stand, and back-scratch tests than women with a non-ICH status (all, P≤.03). Cut-off values of <460 min/day in ST and ≥−3 cm on the back-scratch test were associated with around threefold higher odds (95% confidence interval 0.14-0.71 and 1.47–7.01, respectively, all P <.01) of having ICH status. Conclusion Reduced ST and greater cardiorespiratory fitness, upper-body flexibility, and lower-body muscular strength were associated with a better cardiovascular profile in perimenopausal women. Including ST and upper-body flexibility as complementary ICH metrics might facilitate early identification of perimenopausal women with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, further studies evaluating the usefulness of these potential complementary diagnostic tools in perimenopausal women are warranted before they are implemented in clinical practice.
Recent legal challenges to race-conscious college admissions processes have called into question what constitutes a sufficient level of diversity on college campuses. Previous research on the educational benefits of diversity has examined the linear relationship between diversity interactions and student outcomes, but multiple theoretical frameworks suggest that this relationship may be curvilinear. The present study investigated this possibility using a longitudinal sample of 8,615 first-year undergraduates at 49 colleges and universities. The results indicate that rare or moderate diversity interactions are associated with virtually no growth (and sometimes even slight declines) in leadership skills, psychological well-being, and intellectual engagement, whereas very frequent diversity interactions are associated with considerable growth. The results are similar regardless of students’ race, institutional characteristics, and whether the interactions are interracial or across multiple forms of difference. Implications for institutional practice and future research are discussed.
Preparation of novel nanocomposite structure of ZnFe2O4–C is achieved by combining a sol–gel and a low energy ball milling method. The crucial feature of the composite's structure is that sol–gel synthesised ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles are dispersed and attached uniformly along the chains of Super P Li™ carbon black matrix by adopting a low energy ball milling. The composite ZnFe2O4–C electrodes are capable of delivering a very stable reversible capacity of 681 mAh g−1 (96% retention of the calculated theoretical capacity of ∼710 mAh g−1) at 0.1 C after 100 cycles with a remarkable Coulombic efficiency (82%) improvement in the first cycle. The rate capability of the composite is significantly improved and obtained capacity was as high as 702 at 0.1, 648 at 0.5, 582 at 1, 547 at 2 and 469 mAh g−1 at 4 C (2.85 A g−1), respectively. When cell is returned to 0.1 C, the capacity recovery was still ∼98%. Overall, the electrochemical performance (in terms of cycling stability, high rate capability, and capacity retention) is outstanding and much better than those of the related reported works. Therefore, our smart electrode design enables ZnFe2O4–C sample to be a high quality anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
An electro-thermal model is generated to predict the internal temperature of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) undergoing high current charging/discharging. The model is capable of predicting the electrical and thermal behavior of a cell over a wide range of operating conditions. Spiral symmetry is used to reduce the heat generation and transfer model from 3D to a pseudo-3D, which runs faster without losing fidelity. Unlike existing models, each element in the developed model retains physical meaning and the electrical model is coupled with a high-fidelity thermal model including material geometries, thermal properties and air gaps. Unequal entropy is calculated using first principles, included in the model and compared to experimental data, and shown to be valid. More entropic heat is generated at the positive electrode than the negative in a typical EDLC, and there is little spatial variation of heat generation rate within the jelly-roll. The heat-transfer model predicts temperature variations within a cell; this study examines these variations for multiple conditions. Whilst undergoing high current charging (2s, 400A, 650F cell), a temperature gradient in excess of 3.5°C can be generated between the positive terminal and the jelly-roll. The time dependent spatial temperature distribution within a cell is explored.
This analysis was performed in Zambian children who had a high prevalence of hypervitaminosis A, defined as > 1.0 μmol retinol/g liver. Bone parameters included markers of bone formation (P1NP), bone resorption (CTX), parathyroid hormone, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D. Low dietary vitamin A intake increased P1NP.
Lithium metal phosphates (olivines) are emerging as long-lived, safe cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Nano-LiFePO4 already appears in high-power applications, and LiMnPO4 development is underway. Current and emerging Fe- and Mn-based intercalants, however, are low-energy producers compared to Ni and Co compounds. LiNiPO4, a high voltage olivine, has the potential for superior energy output (>10.7Wh in 18650 batteries), compared with commercial Li(Co,Ni)O2 derivatives (up to 9.9Wh). Speculative Co and Ni olivine cathode materials charged to above 4.5V will require significant advances in electrolyte compositions and nanotechnology before commercialization. The major drivers toward 5V battery chemistries are the inherent abuse tolerance of phosphates and the economic benefit of LiNiPO4: it can produce 34% greater energy per dollar of cell material cost than LiAl0.05Co0.15Ni0.8O2, today's “standard” cathode intercalant in Li-ion batteries.
A wealth of evidence has revealed that deficits on a commonly used measure of executive-function, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), can be improved through a variety of methods of instruction in patients with schizophrenia. Relatively little is known however, which of these remediation methods produce strongest and most durable effects and whether these effects generalize to other, untrained executive-function measures. Two of the most commonly studied methods for remediation on the WCST, step-by-step didactic instruction on the task and utilization of self-monitoring strategies, have both been shown to improve WCST performance, yet have never been directly compared. Thirty-four participants with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: Condition A consisted of didactic training which incorporated a detailed account of changing sorting principles throughout the test; Condition B consisted of a self-monitoring strategy that required that participants verbalize their strategies out loud after each card sort; Condition C was a non-trained control group that received the same outcome assessments as the two training groups at identical time intervals without intervening training. Patients were assessed with the WCST and two other executive-function tests immediately prior to training, immediately after training and at a 1-month follow-up. Results revealed: (1) participants assigned to the didactic and self-monitoring conditions made significant gains on the WCST relative to a no-intervention control condition; (2) the effects of self-monitoring, but not didactic training, were evident at a one-month follow-up; and (3) only participants assigned to the self-monitoring condition showed generalization to a second, non-trained measure of executive-function. The significance of these results for implementation of strategies for comprehensive and sustained programs of remediation are discussed.
In this study, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and calcination process. The crystal structure was investigated by X-ray diffractomentry, and the results show only peaks of CuFe2O4 could be observed from the product obtained at 800°C, indicating the formation of pure compound. SEM and TEM images showed the as-spun CuFe2O4 nanofibers possessed good continuous fiber morphology with an average diameter of about 66nm. The electrochemical properties of electrospun CuFe2O4 nanofibers as anode material for lithium-ion batteries were discussed for the first time. The results demonstrated that the electrospun CuFe2O4 nanofibers anode exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1226.0 mAh g−1, and maintained a stable capacity of 572.4 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. Meanwhile, the electrodes showed high capacity at higher discharge and charge rate. The excellent electrochemical properties of electrospun CuFe2O4 nanofibers anode were attributed to the high crystallinity, as well as the unique mesoporous and fibrous structures.
The specific capacity of Li0.44Mn1−y Ti y O2 (0< y <0.22) positive electrode materials has been improved by an additional lithium-insertion treatment in molten LiNO3–LiOH salt at a low temperature. High-purity specimens of the lithium-inserted Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 have been successfully prepared. We have conducted a systematic experimental study of the structural and electrochemical properties of these compounds. The inserted lithium content, x, in Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 increases together with the substituted Ti content, y. The initial charge capacity increases from 130mAhg−1 (y =0) to 145mAhg−1 (y =0.22) for the Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 compounds. The maximum discharge capacity that has been achieved is 180mAhg−1 in the case of Li0.72Mn0.78Ti0.22O2 between 2.5 and 4.8V with a fixed current density of 30mAg−1 (C/6) at 30°C. The discharge capacity at the 4V plateau region (about 100mAhg−1) in the lithium-inserted Li0.55MnO2 has been improved to twice that in as-prepared Li0.44MnO2 (about 50mAhg−1). The structural differences between Li0.44MnO2 and Li0.55MnO2 are discussed based on XRD Rietveld analysis results.
Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor programming. However, the exact nature of this deficit remains unclear. The present study examined motor programming in AOS in the context of a recent two-stage model [Klapp, S. T. (1995). Motor response programming during simple and choice reaction time: The role of practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1015–1027; Klapp, S. T. (2003). Reaction time analysis of two types of motor preparation for speech articulation: Action as a sequence of chunks. Journal of Motor Behavior, 35, 135–150] that proposes a preprogramming stage (INT) and a process that assigns serial order to multiple programs in a sequence (SEQ). The main hypothesis was that AOS involves a process-specific deficit in the INT (preprogramming) stage of processing, rather than in the on-line serial ordering (SEQ) and initiation of movement. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that AOS involves a central (i.e., modality-general) motor programming deficit. We used a reaction time paradigm that provides two dependent measures: study time (the amount of time for participants to ready a motor response; INT), and reaction time (time to initiate movement; SEQ). Two experiments were conducted to examine INT and SEQ in AOS: Experiment 1 involved finger movements, Experiment 2 involved speech movements analogous to the finger movements. Results showed longer preprogramming time for patients with AOS but normal sequencing and initiation times, relative to controls. Together, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis of a process-specific, but central (modality-independent) deficit in AOS; alternative explanations are also discussed.
Preliminary studies conducted in our laboratory have confirmed that Bacopaside I (BS-I), a saponin compound isolated from Bacopa monnieri, displayed antidepressant-like activity in the mouse behavioral despair model. The present investigation aimed to verify the antidepressant-like action of BS-I using a mouse model of behavioral deficits induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and further probe its underlying mechanism of action. Mice were exposed to CUMS for a period of 5 consecutive weeks to induce depression-like behavior. Then, oral gavage administrations with vehicle (model group), fluoxetine (12 mg/kg, positive group) or BS-I (5, 15, 45 mg/kg, treated group) once daily were started during the last two weeks of CUMS procedure. The results showed that BS-I significantly ameliorated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, as characterized by an elevated sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test and reduced immobility time without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity in the forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. It was also found that BS-I treatment reversed the increased level of plasma corticosterone and decreased mRNA and protein expressions of glucocorticoid receptor induced by CUMS exposure, indicating that hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity of CUMS-exposed mice was restored by BS-I treatment. Furthermore, chronic administration of BS-I elevated expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (mRNA and protein) and activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice subjected to CUMS procedure. Taken together, these results indicated that BS-I exhibited an obvious antidepressant-like effect in mouse model of CUMS-induced depression that was mediated, at least in part, by modulating HPA hyperactivity and activating BDNF signaling pathway.
A simple hydrothermal method is developed for the growth of NiCo2O4 nano-needle arrays on a filter paper carbon (FC) substrate for use as a high performance electrode for supercapacitors. The as-synthesized NiCo2O4/C composites exhibited high specific capacitance (995.2 F g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1) and excellent cycling performance (no capacitance loss after 3000 cycles). The 3D framework of the FC substrate not only prevents the aggregation of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles, but also improves its electrical conductivity, thus leading to excellent electrochemical performance. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled by using the NiCo2O4/C composites and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode, respectively, and provided a maximum energy density of 20.87 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 374.6 W kg−1 and a maximum power density of 7.48 kW kg−1 at an energy density of 11.43 Wh kg−1 within a potential window of 0–1.5 V, demonstrating the potential of the composites for use in high performance energy storage systems.
Background Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) have become an important part of the neuro-otological test battery. They are recorded from averaged electromyography in response to intense auditory stimuli and are used for the assessment of the otolith function. VEMPs have been recorded from tonically contracted cervical muscles and this approach is called ‘‘cervical” VEMPs (cVEMPs). They can also be recorded from extra-ocular muscles in response to loud sound and are termed ‘‘ocular” VEMPs (oVEMPs). The combined VEMPs procedure can be substituted for individual oVEMPs and cVEMPs tests. Objectives Comparing the results of combined (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) to individual cVEMPs and oVEMPs in healthy subjects. Method Individual cVEMPs and oVEMPs then combined (cVEMPs and oVEMPs) are measured and compared with each other in 50 normal healthy adults. Results cVEMPs have a detectability of 100% in both individual and combined modes with comparable latency and amplitude. While the detectability of oVEMPs was 94% in both modes of recordings, with no significant difference as regard latencies or amplitudes. Conclusion Both oVEMPs and cVEMPs tests can be recorded simultaneously with high degree of accuracy and without affecting results of each other. Combined VEMPs recording is a convenient screening tool for assessing crossed vestibule-ocular reflex and ipsilateral sacculo-collic reflex with shortened diagnostic test time and suitable for testing children and geriatric population.
As promising cathode materials in Li-ion batteries, Li-rich layered oxides still suffer from unsatisfactory rate capability and cyclic stability during cycling. Herein, vanadium doped Li-rich cathode materials Li1.2Mn0.52-x/3Co0.08-x/3Ni0.2-x/3VxO2 were successfully prepared by using a facile low heat solid state-thermal decomposition method with the introduction of generated water-soluble vanadyl oxalate (VOC2O4) as dopant. The effects of substitution for Ni, Co and Mn with vanadium on structure, morphology, elemental valence state, rate performance and cycling stability were systematically investigated. It is concluded that a minor amount of vanadium doping (x=0.015) expands the interslab spacing of layered oxide and facilitates the lithium-ion diffusion. The vanadium ions incorporated into crystal lattices have two valence states of +5 and +4 and elevate the conductivity via fast electron transfer between V5+ and V4+, improving the rate capability especially the high-rate performance (99.0 mAh·g−1 at 5C rate). Besides, the relatively excellent cyclic performance (a capacity retention of 90.2% is reserved after 50 cycles at 1C rate) for sample Li1.2Mn0.515Co0.075Ni0.195V0.015O2 can be also ascribed to the enhanced structure stability derived from the much more robust V-O bond in comparison with the Mn-O, Ni-O and Co-O bonds.
Polyaniline (PANI)-coated hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) composites (HPC/PANI) for use as supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization at 273K of an aniline solution containing well-dispersed HPC particles. After polymerization, a thin layer of PANI was coated on the surface of the HPC particles, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to pure PANI and HPC, the electrochemical capacitance performance of the composites was significantly improved. The highest specific capacitance of the composites obtained is 478Fg−1 at 1mVs−1, which is more than twice as that of pure PANI and three times as that of pure HPC. Because of the influence from the hierarchical pore structure of the carbon material, the calculated specific capacitance of PANI in the composite (pseudocapacitance contribution from PANI) is almost one magnitude higher than that of pure PANI.
In this work, Co3O4 as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries is prepared by using molten-salt method that combines with carbon coating approach to prevent the cracking structure resulting from the Li+ insertion/deinsertion during the cycling process. Co3O4 and Co3O4/C are systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis and electrochemical testing. HRTEM observations demonstrate a thick layer of amorphous carbon that bound completely around Co3O4 particles. The electrochemical testing results indicate that the performances of Co3O4/C electrode is improved with a discharge capacity of ∼ 1164mAhg−1 at 0.1C rate compared with bare Co3O4 which continuously decreases and reaches ∼ 556mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The results show that the carbon coating improves the battery performance and the overall consistency as compared to pure Co3O4 in terms of capacity and cyclability.
Advanced version of DAid® Pressure Sock System (DPSS) for walking/running gait monitoring is proposed. The system enables to study in details time –related parameters of gait, such as foot strike time, stride/swing time, gradients of plantar loading/unloading, etc. both indoor and outdoor. A new method of data processing, analysis and representation is developed for such systems with limited quantity of sensors and implemented in DPSS software. The method considers the foot loading as a propagation of the plantar pressure wave, where separate sensors record amplitudes of pressure waves as reference points. Data processing includes scaling procedure that is based on application of sample entropy as the measure of sensors activity. Processed data are represented in the form of loading wave plots (WPs). WPs show load propagation across the sensors during the gait/stance. Developed system and method were tested for different types of walk/run and corresponding WPs were constructed and evaluated by sport medicine doctors. Good agreement between WPs – based analysis and diagnoses made by direct observation during walk/run tests confirms system efficacy and validity of results. Proposed method essentially simplifies gait studies and interpretation of the results.
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 was prepared by both the spray dry method and the metal acetate decomposition method. The influences of synthesis method on the electrochemical behaviors of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 were also characterized. The difference in preparation method results in the difference in compound color, morphology (shape, particle size and specific surface area) and the electrochemical characteristics, such as the shape of first charge curve, reversible capacity and the rate capability. A sample prepared by the spray dry method exhibits an absence of 4.5V plateau, a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than those prepared by the metal acetate decomposition method. The reversible capacity after 35 cycles is 166mAhg−1 at 50°C when a cell is cycled at a current density of 0.2mAcm−2 in 3–4.5V. The operation temperature has little influence on the rate capability of the sample prepared by the spray dry method while pronounced in the case of those samples prepared by the metal acetate decomposition method.
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of ceramic microreactors composed of inverted beaded silicon carbide (SiC) monoliths with interconnected 0.75-, 2.2-, or 7.2-μm pores as catalyst supports, integrated within high-density alumina reactor housings obtained via an optimized gel-casting procedure. Structural characterization revealed that these tailored macroporous SiC porous monoliths are stable at temperatures up to at least 1200 °C, and have surface areas and porosities as high as 7.4 × 10 7 m 2 / m 3 and 74%, respectively. Further characterization of the ceramic microreactors using the decomposition of ammonia with Ru as the catalyst at temperatures between 450 and 1000 °C showed that as much as 54 sccm of hydrogen, or 9.8 × 10 4 sccm H2 per cm3 of monolith volume, could be obtained from a 36-sccm entering stream of NH3 at >99.9% conversion at temperatures above 700 °C. Moreover, using SiC as a catalyst support appears to increase the catalytic activity of the Ru catalyst, as evidenced by high turnover frequencies.