batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The fabrication of low-cost, highly efficient, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction is critical to produce clean and sustainable fuel through an electrochemical process. Herein, a facile hydrothermal technique is used for the synthesis of iron sulfide/graphene hybrid for oxygen reduction reaction. Morphological analysis of the resulting catalyst reveals that iron sulfide nanoparticles are homogeneously embedded on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheet. Electrochemical analysis of the hybrid exhibits remarkably improved catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction while achieving half wave potential of +0.845 V and onset potential of +1.0 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode), along with outstanding long-term stability under alkaline conditions. In addition, the methanol tolerance ability and stability of the hybrid exceed the benchmark platinum/carbon product in alkaline condition. These outstanding activities of the hybrid are attributed to the merits of the interaction between iron sulfide nanoparticles and graphene. The results suggest the practicability of metal sulfide as a low cost and efficient alternative catalyst of platinum for oxygen reduction reaction.
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based gel polymer electrolytes comprising ethylene carbonate–propylene carbonate (EC/PC) mixed solvent plasticizer and various concentrations of lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) salt are prepared using a solvent casting technique. Electrical conductivity and transference number measurements were carried out to investigate conductivity and charge transport in the gel polymer electrolytes. The conductivity results show that the ionic conductivity of the samples increases when the amount of salt is increased, however decreases after reaching the optimum value. This result is consistent with the transference number measurements. The conductivity–frequency dependence plots show two distinct regions; i.e. at lower frequencies the conductivity increases with increasing frequency and the frequency independent plateau region at higher frequencies. The temperature-dependence conductivity of the films seems to obey the Arrhenius rule.
The effects of structural modification caused by substitution of Mo for a part of V in V2O2 on structural changes upon lithium insertion were investigated. For this purpose (V1−y Mo y )2O5 (y=0.25) was synthesized, and its insertion behavior and structural changes upon lithium insertion were analyzed by XRD and ESR methods. In (V0.75Mo0.25)2O5, the phases except for the starting material were not observed upon lithium insertion, and no phase transformation characteristics of V2O5 occurred. From ESR measurement, a broad singlet signal of V(IV) was found, but those of Mo(V) were not detected. The line width of the signal V(IV) increased steeply at 0.7<x<1. The open circuit potentials became less noble with increasing x, and dropped steeply at 0.7<x<1. These dependencies closely correlate with structural changes estimated from results of ESR and XRD analyses. At 2.7<x, ω-phase oxide was formed.
In this work we reported, for the first time, the preparation by radio frequency sputtering and the electrochemical characterization of Li/M/Si/O thin films (M = Fe, Mn), as positive electrodes for lithium microbatteries. The deposited films were amorphous both in case of pure iron and mixed iron/manganese compositions. The electrochemical performances, in terms of capacity values and coulombic efficiency, were comparable to those currently reported for the corresponding crystalline bulk materials. In particular, capacities of the order of 50 mAh g−1 were obtained at 2.5 C with coulombic efficiency near 90% by using a standard liquid electrolyte. Our preliminary electrochemical results, together with the easiness of preparation, suggested that Li/M/Si/O thin films could be interesting candidates as cathodes in lithium microbatteries.
Accurate on board state of health estimation is a key battery management system function to provide optimal management of the battery system under control. In this regard, this paper presents an extensive study and comparison of three of commonly used supervised learning methods for state of health estimation in Graphite/Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide cells. The three methods were based from the study of both incremental capacity and differential voltage curves. According to the ageing evolution of both curves, features were extracted and used as inputs for the estimation techniques. Ordinary Least Squares, Multilayer Perceptron and Support Vector Machine were used as the estimation techniques and accurate results were obtained while requiring a low computational effort. Moreover, this work allows a deep comparison of the different estimation techniques in terms of accuracy, online estimation and BMS applicability. In addition, estimation can be developed by partial charging and/or partial discharging, reducing the required maintenance time.
A series of thermal failure researches were conducted to explore the effects of parameters on the failure propagation behavior within battery modules, including the gap between batteries, the state of charge (SOC) and traditional phase change material (PCM). Based on the results, obvious domino phenomena were revealed during the process of thermal failure propagation, where the thermal failure of module (3 × 3) could be divided into six phases. It was illustrated that increasing battery gap could effectively prevent thermal failure propagation by postponing each phase of failure and decreasing the propagation speed. The propagation speed agreed well with the square of battery gap, and it grew linearly with the increasing module SOC. Due to the low conductivity and diffusivity of traditional PCM, it was found that the failure propagation behavior of the module wrapped with PCM would be severer.
Introduction of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) is able to ‘reprogram’ somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to enhance reprogramming efficiency when co-expressed with the OSKM factors. The primate-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) is essential in primate reproduction, development, and differentiation. miR-524-5p, a C19MC member, is highly homologous to the reprogramming miR-520d-5p; we also reported that miR-524-5p was expressed in iPSCs but not mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This study aimed to elucidate possible contributions of miR-524-5p to the reprogramming process.
Atmospheric plasma spraying is used here to obtain titanium sub-oxide coatings on the following electrode substrates: a 316 stainless steel sheet, an aluminium alloy 2024 sheet, a carbon–polymer composite and nickel foam. It is necessary to increase the roughness of the substrate to aid the adhesion of the coating to the smooth electrodes; this is especially critical for the fragile carbon–polymer composite. High-energy conditions increase the strain caused by the mismatch between coefficients of thermal expansion when coating the thin steel and aluminium sheets, and degraded the carbon–polymer composite and nickel foam. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the spraying parameters to lower-energy conditions in order to achieve well-bonded and homogeneous coatings on all four substrates and avoid the presence of cracks in their cross-section area. The suitability of the coated materials as battery electrodes was studied.
In this work, we demonstrated the dye-sensitized solar rechargeable batteries devices sharing a structure of Dye-TiO2/electrolyte/Ni/WO3. The WO3 film was prepared by a simple sol-gel process exhibit high cavities and large surface area allowing efficient chemical/electrical reactions. The WO3 films with 2 ± 0.5 μm in thickness as charge collection electrodes exhibited a high energy density over other materials reported thus far. Under irradiation energy of 7.5 mWcm−2 in the photo-charging, the discharging time sustained 1758 s at the current density of 0.05 mA cm−2 in dark, the first specific discharge capacities of WO3 nano-film reach 40.6 mAh g−1 (0.0244 mAh cm−2). This work substantially pushes forward the easy processing solar rechargeable batteries for future potential applications.
The authors report that the ultrastructure and plasticity of excitatory synapses connecting dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus are severely compromised in a transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome. These alterations are accompanied by unstable information coding by CA3 and CA1 place cells, which may contribute to aspects of impaired cognition in the disease.
Past experiences show that a large number of off-grid electrification projects fail because focus is generally given in technical installation without paying sufficient attention to the long-term sustainability of the projects. In such projects, several important steps, which need to be followed, are not covered. Moreover, there is no standardized approach, which could be followed while formulating the off-grid electrification projects. Therefore, there is a need for developing and benchmarking the systematic approaches, which could be followed for project planning and formulation. In this paper a modest attempt has been made to develop a decision making tool which involves approaches that are to be followed for entire planning and formulation of off-grid electrification project. The standardization of processes is expected to help in accelerating the implementation of off-grid electrification projects in an effective manner while fostering to achieve the national electrification targets in a stipulated timeframe.
We propose a new perovskite/carbon composite of LaMnO3 nanoparticles anchored on N and P co-doped porous carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution. A facile two-step method is applied for the synthesis of such composite, involving the pyrolysis of cheap, abundant and renewable natural okara with the formation of N and P co-doped porous carbon for the first step, and the deposition of LaMnO3 nanoparticles on the carbon surface by sol-gel synthesis at the second step. A synergistic effect is built between the LaMnO3 nanoparticles and the porous carbon substrate, resulting in obviously improved ORR activity as compared with the individual N, P co-doped carbon and the nanosized LaMnO3 electrocatalysts, in terms of onset potential, limiting current density, and stability. The LaMnO3/N, P co-doped carbon composites further evaluated as an air electrode in a Zn-air battery, demonstrating attractive performance, including high discharge voltage plateau (∼1.2 V) and excellent stability with negligible degradation in voltage at 25 mA cm−1 discharge current for 24 h. The present results highly promise the LaMnO3/biocarbon nanocomposite as a potential metal-free ORR electrocatalyst, which may find a wide use in metal-air batteries or fuel cells.
Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into disordered carbon heat-treated from poly (p-phenylene) (PPP) at 650°C is investigated. Constant current charge–discharge test, coulometric titration, a.c. impedance and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) are performed to provide thermodynamic and kinetic data on the lithium insertion reaction versus x in Li x (H0.224C)6 as well as the electronic state of inserted lithium. Our results show that the lithium storage mechanism involves two processes, one is lithium intercalation into the layer structure for 0<x<1; the other is lithium being doped onto the surface of micropores for x>1, or more accurately, onto the surface near the edge sites of microcrystallites, and that the inserted lithium has an ionic state. The above mechanism is basically the same as that proposed for high hydrogen-containing carbons before. The composition dependence of the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy for the self-diffusion of lithium ions suggests that there are significant changes in the mobility of mobile lithium ions and in their concentration.
Zinc–air batteries provide a great potential for future large-scale energy storage. We assess the test factors that mainly affect the measured power density of the zinc–air battery. By fitting the polarization curves of the zinc–air batteries, we reveal the effect of testing parameters (electrode distance, electrolyte concentration, and oxygen flux) and preparation of catalysts ink on the activation, ohm, and concentration polarizations of the zinc–air battery. Finally, recommendations on evaluating the potentials of non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for applications in zinc–air batteries were given.
Developing supercapacitor electrodes with an ultra-long cycle life and a high specific capacitance is critical to the future energy storage devices. Herein, we report a scalable synthesis technology of mixed-valence manganese oxide nanoparticles anchored to reduced graphene oxide (rGO/MnOx) as the high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. First, 2-dimensional (2D) δ-MnO2 nanosheets are formed on a graphene oxide (GO) template, which is then in situ reduced by hydrazine vapour to mixed-valence manganese oxide nanoparticles evenly distributed on a rGO conductive network. The obtained rGO/MnOx electrode material exhibits a high specific capacitance of 202 F g−1 (mass loading of 2 mg cm−2), a large areal specific capacitance of 2.5 F cm−2 (mass loading of up to 19 mg cm−2), and a super-long-life stability of 106% capacitance retention after 115000 charge/discharge cycles. By using an ionic liquid electrolyte and an activated carbon anode, asymmetric supercapacitors (AScs) are also constructed and can be packaged into a high performance miniaturized energy storage component in either a tailorable or surface mountable configuration. Our ASc shows superior performance characteristics, with typical figures of merit including maximum energy densities of 47.9 W h kg−1 at 270 W kg−1 and 19.1 W h kg−1 at the maximum power density of 20.8 kW kg−1. The capacitance retention of the ASc is 96% after 80000 charge/discharge cycles, which is the most excellent stability performance in an ionic liquid electrolyte as compared with the recently reported pseudo-supercapacitors. This technology may find vast applications in future miniaturized portable and wearable electronics.
Diabetic patients feel stress regarding the nature of the illness. This study aims to explore factors related to stress related growth (SRG) among diabetic outpatients. A newly proposed model, based on the Schaefer and Moos’ Life Crises and Personal Growth Model was tested in a sample of diabetic outpatients. The sample was 455 diabetic outpatients who were not hospitalized previously. Results revealed that cognitive processing (CP) mediated the relationship between self-esteem and SRG. Moreover, the effect of social support on SRG was significant. As the results of the multi-group comparisons indicated, the proposed model was valid for diabetic patients with or without additional diseases. Regarding clinical implications, clinicians should evaluate CP and family support that are highly correlated with SRG.
The extractives, crude and pure, of Alepidea amatymbica (AA) and Xylopia aethiopica (XA) were subjected to bioassay-directed phytochemical examination for potential cardiovascular and diuretic activity. All extractives and derivatives (XA/O, AA/1, xylopic acid, AA/3, AA/4, AA/5, AA/6, XA/1, XA/2, XA/3) displayed low toxicity, with LC50 0.5–5.0 ng/ml. For the first time, diterpene kaurenoids were reported to have significant systemic hypotensive and coronary vasodilatory effect accompanied with bradycardia. These effects were attributed to calcium antagonistic mechanism. The diuretic and natriuretic effects found were similar to the effects of chlorothiazide, suggesting inhibition of Na+ and K+ reabsorption in the early portion of the distal tubule. Further experiments are needed to elaborate the exact mechanisms of the hypotensive and diuretic effects of diterpene kaurenoids.
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanobelt is very attractive anode electrode for LIBs because of their high theoretical capacity. To enhance the capacity and cyclic performance of MoO3-based electrode materials of lithium ion battery (LIB), here, as a proof of concept, we report in this work a novel surface disordered engineering strategy of fabrication of island-like mesoporous amorphous Fe2O3 layer on MoO3 nanobelts (a-Fe2O3@MoO3). The island-like mesoporous amorphous Fe2O3 layer is obtained by direct hydrolysis of FeCl3.6H2O on MoO3 nanobelts assisted by low-temperature heat treatment. Here, the FeCl3.6H2O plays a multifunctional role of the formation of amorphous Fe2O3 layer, disordering MoO3 nanobelts and increasing the specific surface area and porosity of MoO3 nanobelts. The as-formed amorphous Fe2O3 layer is demonstrated to significantly improve the kinetics behavior of lithium-ion diffusion and electronic transport due to its isotropic feature during cycling. As a result, the designed anode exhibits dramatically enhanced electrochemical properties compared with individual MoO3 nanobelts and physical mixture of Fe2O3 powdes and MoO3 nanobelts: a high initial discharge capacity of 1523mAhg⿿1 at 50mAg⿿1, remarkable rate capability (386mAhg⿿1 at 500mAg⿿1) and outstanding cycling performance. Our results reveal new possibilities of designing amorphous oxides layer of anode electrodes by surface disorder engineering on achieving enhanced LIBs performance.
The detection of changes in lean mass (LM) distribution can help to prevent disability. This study assessed the degree of association between anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition (BC) parameters of the upper and lower limbs in a healthy general population and collected DXA age- and sex-specific values of BC that can be useful to build a reference standard.
Novel polymer electrolyte aimed for electrochromic display was prepared by polyvinylbutyral (PVB), imidazole (Imz) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). The polymer electrolyte was designed to have large difference in ionic conductivity between high and low temperature. This would be effective to inhibit the spreading of electrochromic images at ambient temperature due to cell formation between colored and uncolored parts through ionic conductor. Namely, this polymer electrolyte enables writing and erasing at high temperature due to high ionic conductivity, and the image is expected to be preserved without change and spreading at ambient temperature due to low ionic conductivity. In the results, the ionic conductivity in the polymer electrolyte was dramatically increased above the quasi-melting point of the component. Optimum ratio between Imz and TBAP content should be required to obtain higher ionic conductivity at high temperature. Ionic conductive properties of the polymer electrolyte were mainly studied and discussed.
Lithium sulfur batteries have attracted significant attention owing to their remarkably high theoretical capacities and energy density for the potential next-generation energy storage system. Considerable efforts have been developed to improve the redox reversibility and suppress sulfur loss when maintaining their capacities. However, few strategies have enlightened to address shuttle issues via electric-field-responsive film. Here, we postulate a new strategy to create smart electric-field-responsive surface structure and design special molecular film with quaternary ammonium group. The responsive film bonded to carbon matrix can act as a switch to control the on-off of polysulfide channels. Meanwhile, the prepared carbon aerogel (CA) matrix presents highly cross-linked 3D framework, abundant hierarchical pore channels and high specific surface area. The results show the composite sulfur cathode with selective film exhibits outstanding high discharging capacities and long-term cycling stability. Specifically, the cathode with 61.6 wt% sulfur displays an initial specific capacity of 1307 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and maintains 84.0% after 100 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance may mainly benefit from the switch function of self-responsive film, effectively preventing polysulfides escaping from the cathode, suppressing shuttle effect and enhancing the utilization of sulfur. Furthermore, the adsorption calculation by the density functional theory (DFT) shows trapping role of beta-cyclodextrin quaternary ammonium (CDQA) to polysulfides. The DFT simulation further supports the confining and switching mechanism.
An analytical model of mechanical contact problems in composite electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is developed in this article. Two typical types of mechanical contact, namely contact between particles and contact between particle and current collector, are investigated. Key parameters that affect the contact problem are identified from the analytical solution. High uniformity of the particle size is found to be critical to the electrode. Furthermore, a soft current collector could significantly reduce the contact stress and hence is also suggested. It is figured out that contact stress is comparable to or even higher than the diffusion-induced stress under free-expansion state, even if the mechanical constraint in electrodes is weak. To highlight the significance of contact stress, an electrochemical cycling verification experiment which involves a charging pause is conducted. Both analytical and experimental results indicate that the mechanical contact plays a crucial role in the evaluation of mechanical stability of lithium-ion battery electrodes.
In this work we propose a novel idea of using thermoelectric material in lithium ion batteries. The reason behind this idea is to improve the efficiency of batteries especially when heat dissipation and exothermic reaction of cathode and anode with the electrolyte at higher temperatures restricts their continuous operation due to thermal runaway. In order to execute this idea we develop a new synthetic technique for fabrication of Bi2Se3 (thermoelectric material) and also compare it's efficiency by preparing this material by existing synthetic technique. Charge/discharge comparison of both the samples indicate that the synthesis technique has a profound effect on electrochemical performance. Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is intentionally selected for this purpose. Bi2Se3 rectangular nanosheets (BRNS) with thicknesses of 200–500 nm are synthesized by a simple thermochemical method in which we use bismuth and selenium powders as precursors. Self assembled nanosheets (SANS) in spherical shape are prepared by conventional hydrothermal technique. Charge discharge experiments show that BRNS synthesized with this technique have reasonable performance as compared to nanosheets synthesized by conventional hydrothermal technique. It shows that first discharge capacity is up to 725.6 mAh g−1 for BRNS and 419.6 mAh g−1 for SANS.
The present paper analyzes the CO2 emissions from mobile communications and portable wireless electronic devices in the Korea environment. The quantitative and qualitative contributions to CO2 emission reduction of the substitution of renewable energy for traditional electricity as the power supply in these devices are also investigated. Firstly, the national CO2 emission coefficient is temporarily estimated as 0.504tCO2/MWh, which can be regarded as the basis for calculating CO2 emissions in mobile devices. The total annual CO2 emissions from mobile devices is calculated as approximately 1.4 milliontons, comprising 0.3 milliontCO2 for portable wireless electronic devices and 1.1 milliontCO2 for electric equipment required for mobile communication service. If renewable energy sources are substituted for traditional electricity sources in the supply for mobile devices, solar cell and wind turbine systems can reduce CO2 emissions by about 87% and 97%, respectively. However, the use of fuel cell systems will only slightly reduce the CO2 emissions. However, the use of the direct methanol fuel cell system can release 8% more CO2 emissions than that emitted by using traditional electricity sources.