batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The liver micronucleus test is an important method to detect pro-mutagens such as active metabolites not reaching bone marrow due to their short lifespan. We have already reported that dosing of the test compound after partial hepatectomy (PH) is essential to detect genotoxicity of numerical chromosome aberration inducers in mice [Mutat. Res. 632 (2007) 89–98]. In naive animals, the proportion of binucleated cells in rats is less than half of that in mice, which suggests a species difference in the response to chromosome aberration inducers. In the present study, we investigated the responses to structural and numerical chromosome aberration inducers in the rat liver micronucleus test. Two structural chromosome aberretion inducers (diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine) and two numerical chromosome aberration inducers (colchicine and carbendazim) were used in the present study. PH was performed a day before or after the dosing of the test compound in 8-week old male F344 rats and hepatocytes were isolated 4 days after the PH. As a result, diethylnitrosamine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, structural chromosome aberration inducers, exhibited significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated hepatocyte (MNH) when given either before and after PH. Colchicine and carbendazim, numerical chromosome aberration inducers, did not result in any toxicologically significant increase in MNH frequency when given before PH, while they exhibited MNH induction when given after PH. It is confirmed that dosing after PH is essential in order to detect genotoxicity of numerical chromosome aberration inducers in rats as well as in mice. Regarding the species difference, a different temporal response to colchicine was identified. Colchicine increased the incidence of MNH 4 days after PH in rats, although such induction in mice was observed 8–10 days after PH.
The discharge rate capability of Li–air batteries is substantially increased by using perfluorinated compounds as oxygen carriers. The solubility of oxygen in a non-aqueous electrolyte can be significantly increased by the introduction of such compounds, which leads to the increase in the diffusion-limited current of oxygen reduction on the gas diffusion electrode in a Li–air battery. The perfluorinated compound is found to be stable within the electrochemical window of the electrolyte. A powder microelectrode and a rotating disk electrode were used to study the gas diffusion-limited current together with a rotating disk electrode. A 5 mA cm−2 discharge rate is demonstrated in a lab Li–O2cell.
A review of the experimental studies on passive and semi-passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is conducted, with an emphasis on high concentration methanol and pure methanol. Key issues such as methanol transport, water management, oxygen transport, and carbon dioxide release in the DMFC are analyzed in detail. The design and fabrication, development approaches, challenges and opportunities on DMFCs passively fed with high concentration methanol are discussed. The advances of DMFC stacks and prototype developments are presented. Several unresolved issues and challenges in DMFCs are identified and reviewed in detail.
Highly-branched cyclic dextrin (HBCD), a dextrin food ingredient presently only used in Japan, was investigated for digestibility and potential toxicity. HBCD was readily hydrolyzed in vitro to maltose and maltotriose by human salivary and porcine pancreatic α-amylases. Incubation of HBCD with a rat intestinal homogenate, containing digestive enzymes, resulted in the formation of maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose, and with longer incubation times, resulted in the formation of glucose. In an acute toxicity study, Wistar rats orally administered a single-dose of 2000mg/kg body weight of HBCD did not display mortality or any signs or symptoms of toxicity or abnormalities upon necropsy. Transient loose stools were observed, but were resolved within 24h of HBCD administration, and therefore, were not considered as compound-specific adverse effects. In the Ames assay, HBCD was non-mutagenic with or without metabolic activation. Toxicity testing of the branching enzyme (BE) involved in the synthesis of HBCD showed that the BE also was not acutely toxic when orally administered to rats and was non-mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma assay. The results of this study demonstrate that HBCD is digested to normal and safe products of carbohydrate digestion, and therefore, support the safety of HBCD for human consumption.
With the rapid development of high speed railway all around the world, the real-time monitoring is absolutely necessary for the safety running of high speed train. However, traditional monitoring method requires external power supply, and wired system makes the monitoring messy. Here, we reported a self-powered wireless smart sensor, powered by vibration energy of trains via a maglev porous nanogenerator (MPNG) when the train is running. Integrated MPNG including a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which delivers a peak power density of 0.34mW/g at 50MΩ, and an electromagnetic generator (EMG), which delivers a peak power density of 0.12mW/g at 700Ω. Through a power management circuit (PMC), the MPNG is proved to power 400 commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs). What's more, various supercapacitors and Li-ion battery can be charged by MPNG arrays, where the supercapacitor of 0.1F can be charged from 0V to 3V in approximately 350s. A wireless smart sensor can be sustainably powered by MPNG arrays, transmitting real-time data to a cellphone, demonstrating the capability for Internet of Things, especially in the train monitoring system.
Reduced graphene oxide-HoVO4-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared via simple hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), FT-Raman, UV–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammogram(CV). The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and monoclinic scheelite structure of HoVO4. FE-SEM images depicted the Wool roving textured reduced Graphene Oxide-HoVO4-ZnO catalyst. As prepared rGO-HoVO4-ZnO exhibits highest photodegradation efficiency achieving at 97.2% and 98% for ibuprofen (IBF)and ciprofloxacin (CIP) respectively in 60 min under UV light illumination. Superoxide radicals (O•- 2) play an important role in the decomposition of IBF and CIP. Prepared catalysts were found to be stable and reusable even after six consecutive cycles without loss of catalyst. Also besides, the electrochemical efficiency and galvanostatic charge-discharge of the rGO-HoVO4-ZnO and HoVO4-ZnO composites electrode materials were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. rGO-HoVO4-ZnO composite showed higher specific capacitance of 322 Fg-1, compared to HoVO4-ZnO (252 Fg-1) in neutral aqueous electrolyte. The enhancement of specific capacitance of the composite electrode is mainly due to the interconnected conductive network as well as synergism of rGO. The experimental results reveal that rGO-HoVO4-ZnO material is an efficient electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
Technology-based self-assessment (TB-SA) benefits patients and providers and has shown feasibility, ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. A promising TB-SA, the VA eScreening program, has shown promise for the efficient and effective collection of mental and physical health information. To assist adoption of eScreening by healthcare providers, we assessed technology-related as well as individual- and system-level factors that might influence the implementation of eScreening in four diverse VA clinics.
The performance and characteristics of direct sodium-borohydride/hydrogen-peroxide (NaBH4/H2O2) fuel cells are studied in the context of potential applications for air independent propulsion for outer space and underwater. Due to the existence of ocean (sea) water as a natural heat sink, this new fuel cell technology is best suited for underwater propulsion/power systems for small scale high performance marine vehicles. The characteristics of such a power system are compared to other options, specifically for the underwater scenario. The potential of this fuel cell is demonstrated in laboratory experiments. Power density over 1.5Wcm−2, at 65°C and ambient pressure, have been achieved with the help of some unique treatments of the fuel cell. One such treatment is an in-situ electroplating technique, which results in electrodes with power density 20–40% higher, than that of the electrodes produced by the ordinary ex-situ electroplating method. This unique process also makes repair or reconditioning of the fuel cell possible and convenient.
Bis(carboxytrifluoroborate lithium) salts [R(CH2COOBF3Li)2] with oxyethylene groups R of oligomeric molar masses [R=O(CH2CH2O)n, where n=3 or 11, BCB3 and BCB11, respectively] were synthesized via reaction of carboxylates salts with boron fluoride. The new salts were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The physical properties of the salts were determined by oxyethylene chain length. For n=3 the salt was crystalline with mp =197°C and for n=11 it showed properties of an ionic liquid at ambient temperature. Their thermal stability was at least 250°C. The values of lithium-ion transference numbers (T+) of the solutions in polar aprotic solvents, determined by a well established steady-state technique, were in the range of 0.2–0.6. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on PEO and studied salts with different concentration (from 24 to 94wt %) was carried out. The ionic conductivity of SPEs was in the order of 10−8–10−7 Scm−1 at room temperature and 10−4 Scm−1 at 80°C. A distinguishing feature of SPEs with the studied new salts is the high immobilization of anions, which causes almost a monoconducting character of charge transport. Lithium transference numbers (T+) exceed 0.9.
This paper presents optimal beacon scheduling mechanisms using the cluster identifier (CID) for medical and healthcare applications. We consider the emerging low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPAN) technology as specified in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard that can support medical and healthcare applications. In addition, we have adopted the concept of cluster-tree human body networks (HBNs) for use in healthcare applications. A cluster-tree network conforming to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is formed by several coordinators that periodically send beacon frames to the nodes of their cluster. If these periodic beacon frames are sent without any particular scheduling, they will collide with each other and the nodes that wait for the periodic beacon frames will loose synchronization with their coordinators. The purpose of this paper is to overcome this problem by proposing optimal beacon scheduling mechanisms using the CID for cluster-tree HBNs. These mechanisms are designed such that the PAN coordinator controls the beacon transmission time of all of the cluster heads (CHs) using the CID field located in the beacon frame of the PAN coordinator, in order to avoid beacon frame collisions. In particular, only those sensor nodes located in the cluster that needs the medical attention of the hospital staff according to the patients’ condition transmit their sensing data to the PAN coordinator via the CH, while those sensor nodes located in other clusters return to sleep mode. Accordingly, the lifetime of the sensor nodes is prolonged by using the cluster-tree HBNs model. We evaluated the performance of our scheme through a mathematical analysis and a series of simulations using the Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).
Power train electrification is promoted as a potential alternative to reduce carbon intensity of transportation. Lithium-ion batteries are found to be suitable for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs), and temperature control on lithium batteries is vital for long-term performance and durability. Unfortunately, battery thermal management (BTM) has not been paid close attention partly due to poor understanding of battery thermal behaviour. Cell performance change dramatically with temperature, but it improves with temperature if a suitable operating temperature window is sustained. This paper provides a review on two aspects that are battery thermal model development and thermal management strategies. Thermal effects of lithium-ion batteries in terms of thermal runaway and response under cold temperatures will be studied, and heat generation methods are discussed with aim of performing accurate battery thermal analysis. In addition, current BTM strategies utilised by automotive suppliers will be reviewed to identify the imposing challenges and critical gaps between research and practice. Optimising existing BTMs and exploring new technologies to mitigate battery thermal impacts are required, and efforts in prioritising BTM should be made to improve the temperature uniformity across the battery pack, prolong battery lifespan, and enhance the safety of large packs.
A Li-ion capacitor (LIC) is constructed with Li4Ti5O12/C hybrid as the negative electrode and 3D porous graphene macroform (PGM) as the positive electrode. After optimizing the mass ratio (m+/m−) of the electrode materials with the value of 2, the as-fabricated LIC delivers a maximum energy density of 72 Wh kg−1 with the power density of 650 W kg−1 in a voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V. Furthermore, the energy density of the LIC reaches 40 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 8.3 kW kg−1. More significantly, the LIC exhibits a good cycling stability with the retention of 65% after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A g−1, suggesting great potential application in energy storage of the LIC.
W-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolytes with composition of Li7-2xLa3Zr2-xWxO12 (LLZWO, x=0-0.55) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. The incorporation of W proves beneficial to stabilization of cubic phase and densification of the ceramic, resulting in relative density of 96% and ionic conductivity of 6.6×10−4 Scm−1 at 25°C. Further analysis indicates that the LLZWO is not only chemically but also electrochemically (at least up to 4.5V) stable against Li metal anodes. The batteries consisting of Li/LLZWO/Electrolyte-soaked separator/LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 at 25°C exhibit the capacity of 142mAhg−1 at a constant current of 15mAg−1 at the first discharge, which could run for 20 cycles with capacity retention of 94%. These results indicate that the W-doped LLZO ceramics are promising electrolytes for solid state lithium ion batteries.
A film composed of graphene (GN) sheets, polyaniline (PANI) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been fabricated by reducing a graphite oxide (GO)/PANI/CNT precursor prepared by flow-directed assembly from a complex dispersion of GO and PANI/CNT, followed by reoxidation and redoping of the reduced PANI in the composite to restore the conducting PANI structure. Scanning electron microscope images indicate that the ternary composite film is a layered structure with coaxial PANI/CNT nanocables uniformly sandwiched between the GN sheets. Such novel hierarchical structure with high electrical conductivity perfectly facilitates contact between electrolyte ions and PANI for faradaic energy storage and efficiently utilizes the double-layer capacitance at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The specific capacitance of the GN/PANI/CNT estimated by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement is 569Fg−1 (or 188Fcm−3 for volumetric capacitance) at a current density of 0.1Ag−1. In addition, the GN/PANI/CNT exhibits good rate capability (60% capacity retention at 10Ag−1) and superior cycling stability (4% fade after 5000 continuous charge/discharge cycles).
Nickel-rich layered cathode materials for lithium ion batteries, e.g., LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, have garnered considerable academic and industrial research interests, due to their higher specific energy and lower cost than the widely commercialized LiCoO2. To be more widely deployed in electric vehicles, Ni-rich cathodes with further improved thermal stability and energy densities need to be developed. Herein, we use an industrially viable fusion mixing method to apply LiFePO4 nanoparticles as a coating on LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2. The LiFePO4 coating helps to reduce the formation of cathode-electrolyte interface layer and the extent of cation mixing in LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, which lowers electrochemical polarizations and charge transfer impedance. Compared to pristine LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2- LiFePO4 composite in a full pouch cell exhibits a higher reversible capacity of 210 mAh·g−1 and capacity retention (>95% after 100 cycles) when it is charged up to 4.5 V. In situ calorimetric measurements show that the temperature rise in LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2- LiFePO4 pouch cells at higher rates (>C/2) is lower than in pristine LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 by 10 °C. The coating strategy in this work can be applied to other nickel-rich and Li-rich cathodes.
An ultrafast and simple strategy to synthesize metal sulfides (MoS2 and WS2) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites is reported as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Metal sulfide nanocrystals with homogeneous dispersion onto conducting RGO sheets are obtained in only 45 s by hybrid microwave annealing (HMA) method. The synthesized materials, especially MoS2/RGO composite, exhibit a high Li capacity, an excellent rate capability, and a stable cycling performance, comparable to the reported best MS2/carbon composite electrodes. The results highlight the effectiveness of HMA method to fabricate the metal sulfide/RGO composites with excellent electric properties.
A simple and effective method, ethylene glycol-assisted co-precipitation method, has been employed to synthesize LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel. As a chelating agent, ethylene glycol can realize the homogenous distributions of metal ions at the atomic scale and prevent the growth of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles. XRD reveals that the prepared material is a pure-phase cubic spinel structure (Fd3m) without any impurities. SEM images show that it has an agglomerate structure with the primary particle size of less than 100nm. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the as-prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 possesses high capacity and excellent rate capability. At 0.1C rate, it shows a discharge capacity of 137mAhg−1 which is about 93.4% of the theoretical capacity (146.7mAhg−1). At the high rate of 5C, it can still deliver a discharge capacity of 117mAhg−1 with excellent capacity retention rate of more than 95% after 50 cycles. These results show that the as-prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is a promising cathode material for high power Li-ion batteries.
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) reinforced sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK/PTFE) composite membranes are prepared for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) application. Results show that SPEEK/PTFE composite membranes have lower water uptake and swelling ratio than that of SPEEK membranes due to the PTFE reinforcement. As a result, the composite membranes show higher elongation ratio and better mechanical stability than SPEEK membranes. VRB single cell tests are also carried out to further evaluate their performance. The batteries assembled with SPEEK/PTFE membranes exhibit higher columbic efficiency (CE) and energy efficiency (EE) than that of SPEEK membranes. Furthermore, the composite membranes show much better stability than pristine SPEEK, confirming that PTFE can effectively reinforce membranes to improve their chemical and mechanical stability under VRB operating condition.
Cadmium accumulates in plant tissues at low soil loadings and is a concern for human health. Yet at higher levels it is also of concern for ecological receptors. We determined Cd partitioning constants for 41 soils to examine the role of soil properties controlling Cd partitioning and plant uptake. From a series of sorption and dose response studies, transfer functions were developed for predicting Cd uptake in Cucumis sativa L. (cucumber). The parameter log Kf was predicted with soil pHca, logCEC and log OC. Transfer of soil pore-water Cd2+ to shoots was described with a power function (R2 = 0.73). The dataset was validated with 13 long-term contaminated soils (plus 2 control soils) ranging in Cd concentration from 0.2 to 300 mg kg−1. The series of equations predicting Cdshoot from pore-water Cd2+ were able to predict the measured data in the independent dataset (root mean square error = 2.2). The good relationship indicated that Cd uptake to cucumber shoots could be predicted with Cdpore and Cd2+ without other pore-water parameters such as pH or Ca2+. The approach may be adapted to a range of plant species.
This paper presents a procedure for deriving and tuning a solvable and compact differential–algebraic equation (DAE) model for the LiFePO4–graphite lithium–ion battery cell. A reduced order model can drastically decrease the simulation time with a minimal loss of the prediction accuracy for the lithium–ion battery. This paper proposes a method based on a linear DAE theory for choosing a Galerkin formulation that will produce a solvable ROM from the original higher-order model of the lithium–ion battery cell. Moreover, a systematic tuning of the model parameters using the sensitivity study and the genetic algorithm is demonstrated by exploiting the computational efficiency of the simplified model. When coupled with the model for describing the hysteresis of the battery cell, the tuned model, consisting of 26 DAEs, shows a good agreement with the experimental data from a LiFePO4–graphite battery cell at rates up to 4 C.
Comparison study on the electrochemical behaviors of PPy microparticle suspension and PPy film in the electrolytic solution of MnSO4 + H2SO4 has been done. The cyclic voltammogram of PPy suspension is almost similar to that of PPy film, suggesting the feasibility of charge transfer between the conductive substrate and PPy particles dispersed in the solution. The electrochemical response of PPy microparticle suspension in flowing mode obviously differs from that under static state, exhibiting good charge transfer property, therefore PPy microparticle suspension is used to fabricate PPy suspension//manganese dioxide rechargeable flow battery. The present system exhibits a significant improvement on the capacity density and cycle performance in comparison with PPy-based film batteries. The discharge capacity density of PPy reaches 132.3 mA h g−1, and it still remains 97.2% of original value after 90 cycles. The coulombic efficiency shows no significant change with an average value of 92.1% over the experiment. Moreover, the system in the flow mode shows the improved discharge current, which reaches 15 mA cm−2.
Since the beginning of the current millennium, food packaging innovation activities have gradually expanded toward the development of intelligent packaging. This evolution reflects the emerging need for new and efficient ways to economize on business processes, solve safety and quality issues through the supply chain, and reduce product losses. The general purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of ongoing scientific research, recent technological breakthroughs, and emerging technologies that offer the perspective of developing a next generation of intelligent food packaging systems to sense, detect, or record changes in the product, the package or its environment.