batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Road-crossing safety is an important issue in an aging society. Information regarding the risk of crossing the street to pedestrians with Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. To assess the risk and predictors of unsafe crossing behaviors in patients with PD, we compared 31 pedestrians with mild-to-moderate PD to 50 age/gender/education-matched controls using a battery of cognitive, visual, and motor tests. With a simulated simple street-crossing situation, we determined the remaining time and safety margin for each participant in different traffic situations, including variable motor vehicle speed, time gap, and time of the day. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression models. We found that pedestrians with PD were more vulnerable to traffic accidents than controls (OR 1.61 [1.28–2.02], P =0.01). The risk of crossing road correlated in a dose-dependent manner with the severity of PD, based on both Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor scores (OR 1.13 for each increasing point of UPDSR, P <0.01). Among PD patients, scores of clock drawing test (OR 0.8 [0.74–0.88], P <0.01) and visual form discrimination (OR 1.14 [1.07–1.22], P <0.01) predicted worsening of safety errors, rather than executive function. Environmental factors, such as fast approaching motor vehicle speed (OR 4.50 [2.92–6.95], P <0.01), short time gap (OR 45.98 [27.04–78.18], P <0.01), and time of day (OR 4.45 [3.11–6.36], P <0.01) also affected road-crossing safety. Future large sample studies are needed to confirm our findings. Training programs or portable stimulator devices that compensate for the visual-spatial disabilities of PD patients are required to improve road safety for PD patients.
The scalable, high-throughput, cost-effective synthesis of high-quality tetragonal tellurium (t-Te) nanowires by the galvanic displacement reaction of Si on a 4-in. Si wafer is demonstrated. This method does not require any heterogeneous seeds, physical templates, or surfactants. In addition, because seed nucleation and growth are both instantaneous, the synthesized nanowires had uniform lengths across the substrate. Furthermore, the effects of the deposition conditions, including the solution composition and reaction time and temperature, on the morphologies, dimensions, and crystallinities of the Te nanowires were analyzed to investigate the growth mechanism. The synthesized t-Te nanowires exhibited excellent piezoelectric properties, with the output current being as high as −75.0nA.
Two types of layered compounds, Li0.96VO2 and Li0.86V0.8O2 ( R 3 ¯ m ) , were synthesized with a solid-state and a hydrothermal reaction, respectively, and their structural modifications caused by electrochemical lithium extraction were investigated. The Li0.96VO2 and Li0.86V0.8O2 compounds are characterized by the ordered and disordered arrangement of vanadium ions in the alternate layers of octahedral 3a (000) and 3b (001/2) sites, respectively. According to the electrochemical lithium extraction, the Li0.96VO2 changed to a disordered arrangement; such a structural modification is irreversible and takes place in the initial stage of the lithium extraction. For the Li0.86V0.8O2, no significant structural modification was detected.
An update literature review on trends in optimization techniques used for the design and development of solar photovoltaic–wind based hybrid energy systems is presented. The main objective is to identify latest promising techniques for the optimization of solar photovoltaic (PV)–wind based hybrid systems. Different techniques used by researchers for the optimization of renewable based hybrid energy systems are reviewed along with PV–wind based hybrid system sizing methodology, is presented. Optimization studies during last 2.5 decades by researchers using traditional and new generation methods are analyzed and sixteen optimization methods including hybrid algorithms are presented. The trend shows that new generation artificial intelligence algorithms are mostly used during last decade as these require less computation time and have better accuracy, good convergence in comparison to traditional methods. The study suggests using hybridization of two or more algorithms to overcome the limitations of a single algorithm. Additionally some other techniques are identified for follow up research in the design of PV–wind hybrid systems. This review will be useful for researchers to face complexity and challenges in renewable energy based hybrid system research.
The purpose of this study is to determine the laterality of nine children with medium motor disabilities in order to continue adapted physical activities as well as to play a certain part in the development of the intervention plans personalized by the other specialists of the centre. The following tests have been used: the Flamingo Test, RSSCAN Preassure Platform, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Battery, the R. Rigal Test, the Test of intermingling fingers and the test of out of step corking and uncorking of a small plastic recipient. We have identified two cases of ambidexterity, three cases of cross laterality and four cases of right laterality.
Combustion in small scale devices poses significant challenges due to the quenching of reactions from wall heat losses as well as the significantly reduced time available for mixing and combustion. In the case of liquid fuels there are additional challenges related to atomization, vaporization and mixing with the oxidant in the very short time-scale liquid-fuel combustor. The liquid fuel employed here is methanol with air as the oxidizer. The combustor was designed based on the heat recirculating concept wherein the incoming reactants are preheated by the combustion products through heat exchange occurring via combustor walls. The combustor was fabricated from Zirconium phosphate, a ceramic with very low thermal conductivity (0.8Wm−1 K−1). The combustor had rectangular shaped double spiral geometry with combustion chamber in the center of the spiral formed by inlet and exhaust channels. Methanol and air were introduced immediately upstream at inlet of the combustor. The preheated walls of the inlet channel also act as a pre-vaporizer for liquid fuel which vaporizes the liquid fuel and then mixes with air prior to the fuel–air mixture reaching the combustion chamber. Rapid pre-vaporization of the liquid fuel by the hot narrow channel walls eliminated the necessity for a fuel atomizer. Self-sustained combustion of methanol–air was achieved in a chamber volume as small as 32.6mm3. The results showed stable combustion under fuel-rich conditions. High reactant preheat temperatures (675K–825K) were obtained; however, the product temperatures measured at the exhaust were on the lower side (475K–615K). The estimated combustor heat load was in the range 50W–280W and maximum power density of about 8.5GW/m3. This is very high when compared to macro-scale combustors. Overall energy efficiency of the combustor was estimated to be in the range of 12–20%. This suggests further scope of improvements in fuel–air mixing and mixture preparation.
Lindström (in Trends Ecol Evol 14:343–347, 1999) synthesized knowledge about “early development and fitness in birds and mammals”, interesting tracks and challenges for future studies. Today, there is unambiguous evidence that Lindström’s first statement holds in long-lived birds: “It is obvious that adverse environmental conditions might have immediate effects […].” However, whether there are “long-term fitness consequences of conditions experienced during early development” (Lindström’s second statement) is unclear for long-lived birds. The extent to which the disadvantage of frail individuals at independence is expressed predominantly in terms of higher mortality and disappearance from the population before recruitment, or persists after recruitment, is still an open question. Due to the rarity of relevant data and the fact that most studies are retrospective, heterogeneity in methods and timescales hampers the identification of general patterns. Nevertheless, several studies have provided evidence of a relationship between early conditions and future reproductive parameters, or lifetime reproductive success. Evidence from large mammals suggests substantial long-term individual and population effects of early conditions, including trans-generational maternal effects. Evidence from short-lived birds also suggests long-term individual consequences, and maternal effects have been documented in long-lived ones. Despite logistical and financial difficulties inherent in long-term studies, they are the only way of addressing Lindström’s second statement. Existing long-term longitudinal datasets should be re-analyzed using recently developed capture–mark–recapture models handling state uncertainty and unobservable heterogeneity in populations. Statistical methods designed to estimate lifetime reproductive success or incorporate pedigree information in standard situations of studies of wild vertebrates with imperfect detection offer new opportunities to assess long-term fitness consequences of early development in long-lived birds.
For miniaturized capacitive energy storage, volumetric and areal capacitances are more important metrics than gravimetric ones because of the constraints imposed by device volume and chip area. Typically used in commercial supercapacitors, porous carbons, although they provide a stable and reliable performance, lack volumetric performance because of their inherently low density and moderate capacitances. Here we report a high-performing electrode based on conductive hexaaminobenzene (HAB)-derived two-dimensional metal−organic frameworks (MOFs). In addition to possessing a high packing density and hierarchical porous structure, these MOFs also exhibit excellent chemical stability in both acidic and basic aqueous solutions, which is in sharp contrast to conventional MOFs. Submillimetre-thick pellets of HAB MOFs showed high volumetric capacitances up to 760 F cm−3 and high areal capacitances over 20 F cm−2. Furthermore, the HAB MOF electrodes exhibited highly reversible redox behaviours and good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 90% after 12,000 cycles. These promising results demonstrate the potential of using redox-active conductive MOFs in energy-storage applications.
Facile synthesis of highly crystalline spinel-type LiMn2O4/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite by a novel two-step approach is achieved. This approach involves an acetone-assisted hydrothermal reaction in LiOH solution using previously prepared birnessite MnO2/MWCNT composite as a manganese containing precursor. The lithium manganate spinel Li0.81Mn2O4/MWCNT composite delivers a high specific capacity of 145.4mAhg−1 at 0.1C-rate, which is close to the theoretic capacity of LiMn2O4 (148mAhg−1). Besides, it exhibits excellent high-rate capability and cyclability. For example, a discharge capacity of 114.8mAhg−1 is retained even at a high charge/discharge current rate of 20C. When it is repeatedly cycled at 1C rate for 1000 cycles, the specific capacity is decreased from the initial value of 140.4mAhg−1 to an end value of 98.7mAhg−1, giving 70.3% capacity retention.
Battelle is identifying the most likely markets and economic impacts of stationary polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells in the range of 1–250kW in the U.S. by the year 2015. For this task, Battelle is using the Interactive Future Simulations (IFS™), an analytical modeling and forecasting tool that uses expert judgment, trend analysis, and cross-impact analysis methods to generate most likely future conditions for PEM fuel cell applications, market acceptance, commercial viability, and economic impacts. The cross-impact model contains 28 descriptors including commercial and technological advances in both polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and fossil fuel technologies, sources of hydrogen, investments, public policy, environmental regulation, value to consumers, commercialization leadership, modes of generation, and the reliability and prices of grid electricity. One likely scenario to the year 2015 is that the PEM fuel cells will be limited to commercial and industrial customers in the range of 50–200kW with a market size less than US$ 5 billion a year.
The mobile devices have entered the race of deploying high tech to the users but inherit a defect of limited battery storage. With the limitationof battery capacity, energy efficiency has been a major concern for Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). The multimedia application comprises rich media that needs higher processing and computation, and the resource and computation are constrained. Energy-efficient transmission is a big concern because it equips the mobile device with high-end hardware components, but still, are far behind to the battery capacity and computation competence. This paper intends to introduce and investigate the different approaches/algorithms and tools that best fit to save resource utilization and energy consumption rationally. The algorithms like the Genetic Algorithm, Greedy scheduling algorithm, power-aware list-based scheduling, Offloading based task scheduling, media cloud distributed scheduling algorithm, etc. are discussed in this research. The data, Energy-efficient technique, and Cloud server response that defines each of the main components is introduced in this paper that concerns the implementation of the energy-efficient transmission in MCC. We propose these components that illustrate the workflow in the technology. A process when the data is perceived by the technique to adequately deliver a response to the mobile device. An energy-efficient transmission technique for MCC is a development towards the use of mobile cloud computing in this field working to counter the utilization of energy and resources that execute locally. This concept results in reducing the amount of data transmitted with the use of sharing the data externally between the tasks that will save energy. Through this paper, readers will understand the benefit of using the energy-efficient technique in the MCC. Also, the reader will understand the classification groups, validation criteria, future gaps of the 30 literature reviews about the technique, and how they intend to energy optimization in mobile devices.
Li2MnSiO4/C composite is prepared by sol–gel method with Mn3O4 nanoparticle, and its carbon content, structure, and morphology are characterized. The results show that Li2MnSiO4/C exhibits pure phase with orthorhombic structure and the size of Li2MnSiO4 (20–30 nm) is smaller than Mn3O4 nanoparticle. As the cathode material of lithium-ion battery, Li2MnSiO4/C delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 240 mAh g−1 at the current density of 8 mA g−1, corresponding to 1.44 mol of Li+ per formula unit. The cycle performance of Li2MnSiO4/C at different current densities from 8 mA g−1–320 mA g−1 is studied, and it is found that the capacity retention is improved with the increasing of current density. Basing on the results of ex-situ X-ray diffraction measurement, it is inferred that low degree of irreversible distortion for Li2MnSiO4 may result in the improved capacity retention at high current density.
For aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB), excellent cycling stability at elevated temperature is highly desirable in its application of electric vehicles (EVs). However, most state-of-art ARLBs show poor durability under high-temperature operation. Herein, we demonstrate a facile coating approach that can construct a thin acrylonitrile copolymer (ANC)/graphene skin on the top-surface of the LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode in a rechargeable hybrid aqueous lithium battery (ReHAB). Featuring the continuous coverage and the facile electron transport, the ANC/graphene skinned cathode shows a capacity retention of 61% after 300 cycles at 60 °C, two times larger than the battery without the skin. In the cathode, ANC helps to suppress unwanted interfacial side reactions, and graphene renders a robust ion diffusion framework. Quantitative analysis of Mn suggests that the ANC/graphene skin can greatly suppress dissolution of Mn from the LMO into the aqueous electrolyte, while maintaining the charge transfer kinetics. The polymer-based nanocomposite skin on small (1.15 mAh cell) and large (7 mAh cell) cathodes show similar electrochemical improvement, indicting good scale-up potentials.
To assure a real penetration of the enormous intermittent and dispersed naturally renewable resources especially solar and wind, optimal sizing of hybrid renewable power generation systems provide evidence to be indispensable. A determinist technique has been developed to optimize the annual capital cost and the levelized cost of energy of a stand-alone hybrid generation system. Generation and storage units for three systems (wind, photovoltaic, and hybrid photovoltaic–wind turbine) are optimally sized in order to meet the annual load and minimize the capital annualized cost. A case study is conducted to analyze one hybrid project, which is designed to supply residential household located in Monastir city, Tunisia.
Theoretical studies on electrolyte salts, lithium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′] borate (LBBB) and its derivatives, lithium bis[3-fluoro-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]borate (1FLBBB), and lithium bis[tetrafluoro-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′] borate(4FLBBB) are carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method and B3LYP theory level for the first time. Bidentate structures involving two oxygen atoms are preferred. The GIAO–DFT results for all molecules suggest that the corresponding RB3LYP/6-31++G(2df,2p) geometries can be deemed reasonably good representations of the geometries of relatively free molecules in solution. Based on these conformations, a linear correlation was observed between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and the limiting oxidation potentials measured by linear sweep voltammetry, which supports experimental results that inorganic fluorine-containing anions are more resistant against oxidation than their organic counterparts. The correlations were also observed between ionic conductivity and binding energy, solubility and anion polarizability, thermal stability and the energy difference between ELUMO and EHOMO. Wave function analyses have been performed by natural bond orbital (NBO) method to further investigate the cation–anion interactions.
Carbon materials are widely used for cathode preparation in Li-O2 battery. The surface oxygen species is a crucial factor for the application of carbon electrode in nonaqueous Li-O2 battery. In this work, oxygen species on carbon surface was regulated by heat treatment method, and we found oxygen species make double-edged sword effect. On the one hand, oxygen species will weaken the stability of carbon/electrolyte interface. On the other hand, the surface oxygen species shows promoting effect on oxygen reduction reaction, which is evidenced by cyclic voltammetry, tafel test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition to the surface adjustment, the meso-pore and macro-pore volume was enlarged after heat treatment. More importantly, in advantage of more oxygen transport channels and lower affinity to electrolyte, the volume utilization rate of carbon electrode with lower oxygen amount is higher than the untreated carbon electrode. The capacity can reach 9033 mAh g−1, nearly 1.3 times higher than the untreated one.
In order to obtain electrode materials for supercapacitors with a high specific capacitance, excellent stability and eco-friendly nature, cobalt-molybdenum bimetallic sulfides nanocrystal is designed on high-surface-area three-dimensional sulfur-doped graphene (CoMo2S4/3DSG) via annealing incorporation with hydrothermal method in this paper. We thoroughly investigate the electrochemical properties of CoMo2S4/3DSG composites as electrode materials in KOH and Na2SO4 electrolytes, respectively. The as-prepared hybrids display a higher specific capacitance of 1288.33 F g−1 in the KOH electrolyte than in the Na2SO4 electrolyte (991.67 F g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1. It maintains more than 90% of its initial specific capacitance in both electrolytes after 2000 cycles. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with CoMo2S4/3DSG (positive electrode) and 3DSG (negative electrode) electrodes show outstanding performance. In the KOH electrolyte, the capacitor CoMo2S4/3DSG//3DSG has a maximum energy density of 38.73 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.81 kW kg−1 whilst it exhibit an energy density as high as 47.32 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.94 kW kg−1 in the Na2SO4 electrolyte. This confirms that CoMo2S4/3DSG composites have high capacitance and excellent capacity retention in both KOH and Na2SO4 electrolytes.
A graphene-based composite containing Sn and Sb is synthesized and characterized. Structural and morphological characterizations demonstrate the achievement of multilayer graphene with anchored SnSb nanoparticles. The composite is tested as active material for lithium-ion battery anodes and, as a result of the use of poly acrylic acid binder and vinylene carbonate electrolyte additive, remarkable electrochemical performance are achieved in terms of stable cycling stability and specific gravimetric capacity (468 mAh g−1 after 75 cycles with a capacity retention of about 80%). Moreover, impedance spectroscopy analysis further demonstrates the enhanced stability obtained by using, together with vinylene carbonate electrolyte additive, poly acrylic acid binder instead of poly vinylidene difluoride.
The construction and testing of a modular, low pressure compressed air energy storage (CAES) system is presented. The low pressure assumption (5 bar max) facilitates the use of isentropic relations to describe the system behavior, and practically eliminates the need for heat removal considerations necessary in higher pressure systems to offset the temperature rise. The maximum overall system efficiency is around 97.6%, while the system physical footprint is less than 0.6 m3 (small storage room). This provides a great option for storage in remote locations that operate on wind energy to benefit from a nonconventional storage system. The overall size and capacity of the system can be changed by changing the number of active cylinders, which in this case are off-the-shelf, small pressure vessels used for fire protection. Moreover, the system operation is automated and capable of addressing both high energy and high power density applications with an infinite number of charge-discharge cycles by augmenting the capacity with the required number of storage cylinders. The system is eco-friendly and has low maintenance costs compared to chemical storage.
In recent years, development of high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials has stimulated a great deal of scientific research. The electrochemical performance of a supercapacitor strongly depends on its material structures. Herein, we report a simple strategy for high-performance supercapacitors by building pseudocapacitive CuS nanospheres with nanoporous structures, nanosized walls (<10nm) and relatively large specific surface area of 65m2/g. This electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance including a maximum specific capacitance of 814F/g at 1A/g, significant rate capability of 42% capacitance retention at an ultrafast rate of 50A/g, and outstanding long-term cycling stability at various current densities. The remarkable electrochemical performance of as-prepared nanoporous CuS nanospheres electrode has been attributed to its unique structures that plays a key role in providing short ion and electron diffusion pathways, facilitated ion transport and more active sites for electrochemical reactions. This work sheds a new light on the metal sulfides design philosophy, and demonstrates that nanoporous CuS nanospheres electrode is a promising candidate for application in high-performance supercapacitors.