batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provides scalability and robustness for the network; it allows spatial reuse of the bandwidth, simpler routing decisions, and results in decreased energy dissipation of the whole system by minimizing the number of nodes that take part in long distance communication. Clustering allows for data aggregation which reduces congestion and energy consumption. Recent study in battery technology reveals that batteries tend to discharge more power than needed and reimburse the over-discharged power if they are recovered. In this paper, we first provide an online mathematical battery model suitable for implementation in sensor networks. Using our battery model, we propose a new Battery Aware Reliable Clustering (BARC) algorithm for WSNs. BARC incorporates many features which are missing in many other clustering algorithms. It rotates cluster heads (CHs) according to a battery recovery scheme and it also incorporates a trust factor for selecting cluster heads thus increasing reliability. Most importantly, our proposed algorithm relaxes many of the rigid assumptions that the other algorithms impose such as the ability of the cluster head to communicate directly with the base station and having a fixed communication radius for intra-cluster communication. BARC uses Z-MAC which has several advantages over other MAC protocols. Simulation results show that using BARC prolongs the network lifetime greatly in comparison to other clustering techniques.
We report a facile hydrothermal synthesis of nanorod-structured molybdenum-tungsten oxides as an efficient catalyst for olefin hydrogenation. The catalytic activity was demonstrated through hydrogenation of cyclohexene used as a model system. The as-prepared material was confirmed as a new phase (Mo0.6W0.4O3) via a series of characterizations, instead of a simple mixture of MoO3 and WO3. The Mo0.6W0.4O3 catalyst displays excellent catalytic activity with 100% conversion of cyclohexene in 3 h, which is much higher than that of pure MoO3 and pure WO3 synthesized with the same method. It was found that hydrogen bronze (HxMo0.6W0.4O3) was formed during the hydrogenation process, and the catalytic performance was positively correlated with the hydrogen content. The obtained nanorod-structured Mo0.6W0.4O3 without loading any noble metal exhibits much higher catalytic activity than a Pd/MoO3 catalyst. The results demonstrate that the nanorod-structured molybdenum-tungsten oxide may be a strong contender for serving as an efficient hydrogenation catalyst alternative to precious metals.
Monolithic megaloporous carbon cryogels were examined for their potential applications as cathodic electrodes in secondary zinc–bromine cells. This work investigates the possibility of using their particular macroporous texture as microscopic bromine tanks in a zinc/bromine battery. The electrochemical behaviour of a cell based upon such a Br2 electrode was studied and discussed in terms of energy yields, energy storage capability and cycle life. Good storages (over 20Whkg−1) could be obtained during the first 2h of cell charging for currents between 10 and 20mAg−1. The energy yield remains almost constant during a fairly large number of cycles, basically for weak charges (e.g. 25Cg−1). Our findings show that the good cyclability of the cathodic electrode is a consequence of the liquid state of the active bromine phase.
The main disadvantage of using transition metal oxides for Na+-ion batteries is the sluggish kinetics of insertion of Na+ ions into the structure. Here, we introduce nanosized anatase TiO2 that is partially doped with fluorine (TiO2−δ F δ ) to form electro-conducting trivalent Ti3+ as an ultrafast Na+ insertion material for use as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. In addition, the F-doped TiO2−δ F δ is modified by electro-conducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to further enhance the electric conductivity. The composite F-doped TiO2 embedded in CNTs is produced in a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. X-ray diffraction and microscopic studies revealed that nanocrystalline anatase-type TiO2−δ F δ particles, in which fluorine is present with TiO2 particles, are loaded on the CNTs. This yields a high electric conductivity of approximately 5.8Scm−1. The first discharge capacity of the F-doped TiO2 embedded in CNTs is approximately 250mAh (g-oxide)−1, and is retained at 97% after 100 cycles. As expected, a high-rate performance was achieved even at the 100C discharging rate (25Ag−1) where the composite material demonstrated a capacity of 118mAhg−1 under the 0.1C-rate charge condition. The present work also highlights a significant improvement in the insertion and extraction of Na+ ions when the material was charged and discharged under the same rate of 35C (8.75Ag−1), delivering approximately 90mAh (g-oxide)−1.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS) is really suitable to study local electronic structures. Its hyperfine parameters, isomer shift (IS) and quadrupole splitting (QS) allow to characterize the oxidation state and coordination of the probed element. So, the capabilities of this powerful technique have been highlighted for the study of electron transfer occurring during electrochemical or catalytic processes. Several examples illustrate how MS can be used for the determination of reaction mechanisms in new electrode materials of Li-ion batteries (Sb or Sn-based, Ti oxides) or reforming catalysts (supported bimetallic PtSn catalysts). Deeper insight into the mechanisms determining the electrochemical or catalytic performances can be expected.
LiCoPO4/C nanocomposite with growth controlled by carbonate anions was synthesized via a unique solid-state fusion method. Carbonate anions in the form of H2CO3 or a mixture of H2CO3 +(NH4)2CO3 have been used as a growth inhibiting modifier to produce morphology controlled lithium cobalt phosphate. The presence of cobalt phosphide (Co2P) as a second phase improved the conductivity and electrochemical properties of the parent LiCoPO4. The formation of Co2P is found to be achievable only in an inert atmosphere. Super P® carbon (10wt.%) provided an adherent carbon coating on pristine LiCoPO4 resulting in the LiCoPO4/C composite cathode. This electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical properties: capacity of 123mAhg−1 with excellent capacity retention of 89% after 30 cycles, and reasonable rate capability of up to 5C rate. The synergistic effect of carbonate anions and formation of Co2P under inert atmosphere has influenced the electrochemical behavior of LiCoPO4/C cathode through controlling the morphology and increasing the conductivity.
The effect of lithium salts (LiBF4, LiPF6, and LiClO4) on the crystalline to amorphous transition in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO):LiX (8:1)–Al2O3 (20 wt.%, 24 nm) system was investigated and analyzed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and impedance measurements were conducted to characterize the transition. It was determined that among the three salts, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was the most effective in producing and stabilizing the amorphous structure. Long-term stabilization of the specimens, predominantly in an amorphous state around ambient temperature, leads to a significant conductivity enhancement.
The electrode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries is based on a complex process chain with several influencing factors. A proper tailoring of the electrodes can greatly improve both the electrochemical performances and the energy density of the battery. In the present work, some significant parameters during the preparation of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2-based cathodes were investigated. The active material was mixed with a PVDF-binder and two conductive additives in different ratios. The electrode thickness, the degree of compacting and the conductive agent type and mixing ratio have proven to have a strong impact on the electrochemical performances of the composite electrodes, especially on their behaviour at high C-rates. Further it has been shown that the compacting has an essential influence on the mechanical properties of NCA coatings, according to their total, ductile and elastic deformation behaviour.
The essential oil from Cymbopogon citrus is known for its use in various fields such as perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. In this study, the merits of Cymbopogon citrus essential oil extracted by both solar energy and hydro-distillation were evaluated, including the extraction yield and time, chemical composition (by gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, GC/MS), and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity). The energy consumption by these two methods was also investigated. The results show that the yields by solar energy extraction and hydro-distillation are nearly the same with 1.28% and 1.30%, respectively. The corresponding important compositions of citral (neral+geranial) are 66.53% and 60.78%, and DPPH free radical inhibitions in terms of IC50 are 33.52mg/mL and 38.42mg/mL. That is, the antioxidant activity of the oil extracted by solar energy is better than that by hydro-distillation. Moreover, hydro-distillation consumes 858 kWh of electricity per kg of essential oil whereas solar energy extraction is free of any utility electricity. Thus, a completely sustainable green extraction method by solar energy is a viable alternative to the traditional technique for extracting the Cymbopogon citrus essential oil.
This work describes the development and characterisation of an electrochemical cell which can be used to give high reactant conversion without the need for a membrane. The undivided cell uses two high porosity flow-through graphite felt electrodes, with the products flowing through the back of each electrode. A series of tests have been conducted using an equimolar mixture of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) to characterise the cell design and identify suitable operating conditions. It has been shown that high reactant conversion (in excess of 90%) can be achieved for high concentrations of redox species at low flow rates (superficial velocities of around 0.1 mm s−1). However, the cell voltage required to achieve high conversions increased with increasing concentration.
Positive electrodes for plastic Li-ion batteries were prepared with several PVDF–HFP based binders, using various types and amounts of plasticizers, under a variety of processing conditions. By varying temperature and pressure of the electrode densification step, electrodes exhibiting a wide range of thickness and porosity were prepared. In addition, the effect of plasticizer removal by solvent extraction or evaporation was investigated. The effect of these parameters on the discharge rate capability and the energy density of these electrodes was quantified, and the results were implemented in the simplified plastic battery manufacturing process that resulted in improved battery performance.
The authors regret some errors that appeared in Eqs. (10–13) in the above mentioned article. We would like to replace the equations provided to account for the influence of temperature and SOC on RctRs, Y013 and Zeq with the following equations, respectively:[10]Rct(R2=0.975)=39.5234+3.5×SOC−0.24789×T+4.422e−2×SOC2+3.892e−4×T2−1.1087e−2×SOC×T[11]Rs(R2=0.951)=5.0289562−1.4169951×SOC−4.5839388e−2×T−6.4130319e−2×SOC2+1.4184268e−4×T2+9.4748961e−3×SOC×T+2.513733e−2×SOC3−1.4666667e−7×T3−1.5534759e−5×T2×SOC+6.2732438e−5×SOC2×T[12]Y013(R2=0.973)=1.198301e5−1.1720148e3×T+1.2145192e3×SOC+3.8150258×T2+94.561182×SOC2−7.7359396×SOC×T−4.1306667e−3×T3−111.24352×SOC3+0.16673554×SOC2×T+1.15187e−2×T2×SOC[13]Zeq(R2=0.951)=4.2218764−0.10219224×SOC−2.4888709e−2×T−1.5371637e−2×SOC2+3.744699e−5×T2+4.0803952e−4×SOC×TThe confidence intervals for the predictions are Rct±0.03, Rs±0.0012, Y013±4.94, and Zeq±0.005, respectively. All the values predicted in Table 1 fall within the ranges predicted by the corrected equations. We apologize to the reader for this inconvenience.
Lead in blood is a major concept in biomonitoring of exposure but investigations of its alternatives are scarce. The aim of the study was to describe different lead biomarkers’ variances, day-to-day and between individuals, estimating their fraction of the total variance. Repeated sampling of whole blood, plasma and urine were conducted for 48 lead-exposed men and 20 individuals under normal environmental lead exposure, in total 603 measurements. For lead workers, the fraction of the total variance attributed to differences between individuals was 91% for whole-blood lead (geometric mean 227 μg/l; geometric standard deviation (GSD): 1.55 μg/l); plasma 78% (0.57 μg/l; GSD: 1.84 μg/l); density-adjusted urine 82%; and unadjusted urine 75% (23.7 μg/l; GSD: 2.48 μg/l). For the individuals under normal lead exposure, the corresponding fractions were 95% of the total variance for whole blood (20.7 μg/l; GSD: 8.6 μg/l), 15% for plasma (0.09 μg/l; GSD: 0.04 μg/l), 87% for creatinine-adjusted urine and 34% for unadjusted (10.8 μg/l; GSD: 6.7 μg/l). Lead concentration in whole blood is the biomarker with the best ability to discriminate between individuals with different mean concentration. Urinary and plasma lead also performed acceptably in lead workers, but at low exposures plasma lead was too imprecise. Urinary adjustments appear not to increase the between-individual fraction of the total variance among lead workers but among those with normal lead exposure.
Biologically relevant personality traits of weak inhibitory control (disinhibition) and threat sensitivity confer vulnerability to various clinical problems. Difficulties with emotion regulation have also been studied extensively in relation to risk for and maintenance of psychopathology. However, it remains unclear how emotion regulation strategies interface with dispositional vulnerabilities in affecting clinical symptomatology. The current study provided an initial examination of the roles of disinhibition, threat sensitivity, and use of key emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression) in the occurrence of distress-related symptoms (i.e., depressivity, anxiousness, and borderline personality features). Analyses revealed that trait disinhibition and lowered use of cognitive reappraisal were related to each form of distress symptomatology, with the predictive relationship for disinhibition accounting entirely for that of reappraisal. This finding suggests that deficient top-down control capacity (i.e., disinhibition) is integral to failures in the use of an adaptive but cognitively demanding regulation strategy (i.e., reappraisal). By contrast, threat sensitivity was related both to anxiousness and use of expressive suppression, with the latter two variables unrelated to one another. Anxious individuals may avoid emotionally evocative situations, negating the downstream need to engage in the maladaptive strategy of expressive suppression. Despite certain study limitations (a cross-sectional, self-report design; modest sample size), the current study yielded evidence in line with study hypotheses, indicating a pivotal role for dispositional traits in associations between cognitive-behavioral processes and clinical problems.
The demand of energy is increasing at an escalating pace and cannot be fulfilled entirely by conventional energy systems, due to their limited supplies. In addition to this they have a radical impact on the environment. In comparison to them hybrid energy systems are a suitable combination of renewable and non-renewable energy systems which keeps into account the advantages of both these systems, thus able to achieve reduction in cost of implementation and maintenance of the system, limited emission levels, improvement in reliability of the overall system etc. Designing of hybrid energy system for a locality and its implementation is an uphill task as the input parameters of the sources considered are randomly varying with time and are also independent of the load requirements. The paper encompasses review on various important sectors needed to be considered while designing and implementation of hybrid energy system; this includes configurations, criteria selection, sizing methodologies and control & energy management. This will help the designer to use suitable design constraints required while implementing hybrid energy system for grid connected or in off grid modes as per the requirement of the locality.
Antimonial lead alloys continue to play a key role in the overall success of the lead-acid battery in deep cycle applications. In markets such as motive power and golf car, these alloys have long been known to assist the performance of the positive plate by promoting a healthy, grid-active material interface. Antimony, on the other hand, is a well-established poison to the negative plate and ultimately leads to gassing, water-loss and cell failure. Reports in the literature indicate that specific battery separator materials may be used to delay the onset of gassing by suppressing the effects of antimony. Literature findings also suggest that the suppression effect may be due to a combination of the chemical make-up of the separator and its physical attributes. It is the intention of this paper to introduce a novel method for evaluating battery separator materials in terms of their ability to suppress the deleterious effects of antimony. Results presented here indicate that the chemical composition of the separator is a controlling factor in suppressing the influence of antimony in the lead-acid battery. Initial information on the characteristics of a new hybrid rubber-polyethylene battery separator is also presented.
Li4Ti4.94Tb0.06O12-δ has been synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared sample have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size distribution analysis. The results show that Tb3+ is successfully doped into the Li4Ti5O12 structure and that the average particle size is about 111nm. Li4Ti4.94Tb0.06O12-δ exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 166.5mAhg−1 at 20 C, and the discharge capacity retention is nearly 93% after 500 cycles. In addition, the sample shows much improved rate capability at 20 C compared with pure Li4Ti5O12. Tb3+ doping not only enhances the electronic conductivity, but also improves the Li+ ion diffusivity in Li4Ti5O12, which indicates that Tb3+ doping is beneficial for promoting the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12.
Résumé Les troubles mnésiques, plus particulièrement ceux de la mémoire épisodique verbale (MEV), constituent un motif fréquent de plainte cognitive chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques (SEP). Outre la gêne occasionnée dans la vie quotidienne, ces troubles peuvent avoir un impact sur les activités professionnelles. L’évaluation neuropsychologique des patients doit donc comporter des tests explorant la MEV, de façon à décrire le degré d’atteinte des différents processus cognitifs contribuant à la MEV et, le cas échéant, pouvoir proposer des stratégies rééducatives adaptées. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une revue critique de la littérature portant sur les capacités de MEV dans la SEP. Cette revue permettra de présenter les références conceptuelles et les caractéristiques psychométriques des principaux tests de MEV appliqués dans cette pathologie (épreuves isolées ou intégrées à des batteries cognitives plus globales développées pour la SEP). Dans un second temps, nous proposons un inventaire, par processus cognitifs, des travaux réalisés dans cette affection. Cette approche permettra d’aborder les limites de chaque conception et les éventuelles ambiguïtés terminologiques. Les contributions de ces travaux aux connaissances sur les troubles mnésiques de la SEP seront précisées, ainsi que l’impact des caractéristiques de la maladie (formes de SEP, durée d’évolution, EDSS).
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered to be the leading cause of disability and death among young people. Up to 30% of mTBI patients report motor impairments, such as altered coordination and impaired balance and gait. The objective of the present study was to characterize motor performance and motor learning changes, in order to achieve a more thorough understanding of the possible motor consequences of mTBI in humans. Mice were exposed to traumatic brain injury using the weight-drop model and subsequently subjected to a battery of behavioral motor tests. Immunohistochemistry was conducted in order to evaluate neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity. TBI mice showed a different walking pattern on the Erasmus ladder task, without any significant impairment in motor performance and motor learning. In the running wheels, mTBI mice showed reduced activity during the second dark phase and increased activity during the second light phase compared to the control mice. There was no difference in the sum of wheel revolutions throughout the experiment. On the Cat-Walk paradigm, the mice showed a wider frontal base of support post mTBI. The same mice spent a significantly greater percent of time standing on three paws post mTBI compared with controls. mTBI mice also showed a decrease in the number of neurons in the temporal cortex compared with the control group. In summary, mTBI mice suffered from mild motor impairments, minor changes in the circadian clock, and neuronal damage. A more in-depth examination of the mechanisms by which mTBI compensate for motor deficits is necessary.
Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-trimethoxysilanyl-propyl-N-aniline (TMSPA) with 2,5-dimethoxyaniline (DMA) was performed in 1M HCl aqueous solution for different feed ratios of TMSPA using cyclic voltammetry. The deposition rate of TMSPA–DMA copolymer is higher than that of PTMSPA but lower than that of PDMA. (TMSPA-co-DMA) film was deposited using electrochemical polymerization as conducting film on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and used as an electrode in an electrochromic device. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on ITO as the other electrode. Carboxyl-terminated- butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) blended with LiClO4 was used as solid polymer electrolyte. A total solid electrochromic device was assembled as follows: ITO|P(TMSPA-co-DMA)∥LiClO4-CTBN∥PEDOT:PSS|ITO. The columbic efficiency of the devices reached to 104% for P(TMSPA-co-DMA) film with TMSPA feed ratio of 0.25. The optical contrast (ΔT, %) of the single electrode and the device were determined by UV–vis spectroelectrochemical studies. The stability of ΔT was improved during color switching from +1.5 to −1.5V (vs. PEDOT) for this device. The device was pale yellow at −1.5V and blue at +1.5V.
Since electrode surfaces primarily house the sites of oxygen reduction/evolution reactions, surface chemistry is pivotal for both charge and discharge processes of Li–O2 batteries. Herein, we introduce oxygen-containing functional groups associated with defects on the carbon fiber papers (functionalization) via acid treatment and investigate their effects on the rechargeable nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. The discharge platform increases from 2.68 V to 2.79 V, meanwhile the decreased charge overpotential (a drop of 0.84 V) is also observed after functionalization. It is found that the discharge products formed on pristine carbon fiber exhibit a huge toroidal-like structure, in contrast to the porous flake clusters with much smaller size on the functionalized carbon fiber. On the other hand, the smaller product clusters are found to be much easier to be oxidized, leading to remarkably reduced charge overpotential. In this regard, the decomposition of electrolyte and corrosion of carbon cathode are dramatically alleviated, thus leading to greatly promoted cycling performance. All the experimental facts suggest that the oxygen functional groups associated with defects could provide tremendous active sites for the nucleation of discharge products and result in remarkably decreased overpotential for both the oxygen reduction and the oxygen evolution reaction in our cases.