batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Social support was shown to be an important factor buffering negative effects of stress in a range of clinical populations. Little is known, however, about the role of social support in the population of patients with psoriasis although strong psychosocial stress has been implicated in this disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between social support and selected indices of adaptation to life with the disease, including health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms and acceptance of life with the disease, in a sample of patients with psoriasis. Additionally, gender differences in these relationships were analyzed. One-hundred-four patients with psoriasis completed psychological tests measuring disease-related social support, health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms and acceptance of life with the disease. Psoriasis severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. The patients reporting higher social support levels had significantly higher quality of life, lower depression levels, and higher acceptance of life with the disease. The strengths of these effects, however, were different in women and men. Higher social support was slightly more closely associated with better acceptance of life with the disease in men than in women. However, higher social support was more closely associated to lower depression and better quality of life in women than in men. Among different types of social support, tangible support was found to be the best predictor for the all adaptation indices. Effects of social support perceived by psoriasis patients on adaptation to the disease may be gender-related and exact pathways of these effects may depend on the type on the dimension of social support and the selected type of adaptation indicator. Tangible support seems the most important type of support contributing to better adaptation in both women and men with psoriasis.
Li-rich (LR) layered oxide cathode for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries are receiving considerable attention. However, their intrinsic issues hinder the implementation of LR in simultaneously achieving higher energy and power densities. Herein, a dual-conductive surface control strategy is proposed. This surface layer contains an electronic conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) skeleton and an ionic conductive heteroepitaxial spinel structure, which endows the LR with the light-weight and self-standing characteristic. As evidenced by prolonged electrochemical and structural evolution, this surface layer can reduce polarization, restrain structural distortion and facilitate fast electronic/ionic diffusion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate a higher electron conductivity with a narrower band gap across the CNT/LR interface than that of pure LR, and reveal a highly connective Li+ percolation network and reduced Li+ migration energies for the layered-spinel heterogeneous interface. The designed LR cathode presents a high energy density (1077 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 C), excellent rate capability (195 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and superior cycle stability. When utilized as an additive-free cathode for high-voltage full-battery, impressive energy density (645 Wh kg−1 based on the cathode and anode) and ultra-long cycle life (maintaining 87% capacity after 400 cycles) can be achieved. These results and this dual-conductive surface control strategy provide an exciting perspective and avenue for the further development of high-performance electrode material.
Developing supercapacitors with high energy density, fast charging rates, and superior cycle life is crucial to the ever-increasing electric energy storage. However, how to construct a new type of supercapacitors involving pseudocapacitive performance and electric double-layer capacitive performance and exhibiting enhanced electronic conductivity is still challenging. Here, hierarchical NixCo2x(OH)y@Ni@ZnO/ITO architecture is successfully fabricated by growing NixCo2x(OH)y nanosheets on surface of well-aligned Ni@ZnO nanorod using co-electrodeposition method. NixCo2x(OH)y with layered structure is wrapped like rippled silk and increases the specific surface area, which is crucial and benefit for fast ion adsorption/de-adsorption and fast surface redox reactions. Importantly, interlayer Ni serves as a nanostructured current collector and electronic conductor, playing an important role in rate capability. By virtue of structure features, the self-support NixCo2x(OH)y@Ni@ZnO/ITO as binder-free electrode for supercapacitors manifests higher specific capacitance (124mFcm−2 at 0.1mAcm−2, the mass of active material per square centimeter is typically in 100s micrograms). Furthermore, the NixCo2x(OH)y@Ni@ZnO/ITO exhibits remarkable cycling stability with about 95% specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The results show that Ni-Co nanostructure constructed on surface of embedded conductive “core” materials is promising for high-energy supercapacitors.
Although global declines in structure have been documented in the aging human brain, little is known about the functional integrity of the striatum and prefrontal cortex in older adults during incentive processing. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether younger and older adults differed in both self-reported and neural responsiveness to anticipated monetary gains and losses. The present study provides evidence for intact striatal and insular activation during gain anticipation with age, but shows a relative reduction in activation during loss anticipation. These findings suggest that there is an asymmetry in the processing of gains and losses in older adults that may have implications for decision-making.
Morphology control is crucial both for zinc–air batteries and for zinc–air fuel cells during zinc regeneration. Zinc dendrite should be avoided in zinc–air batteries and zinc pellets are yearned to be formed for zinc–air fuel cells. This paper is mainly to analyze the mechanism of shape change and to control the zinc morphology during charge. A numerical three-dimensional model for zinc regeneration is established with COMSOL software on the basis of ionic transport theory and electrode reaction electrochemistry, and some experiments of zinc regeneration are carried out. The deposition process is qualitatively analyzed by the kinetics Monte Carlo method to study the morphological change from the electrocrystallization point of view. Morphological evolution of deposited zinc under different conditions of direct currents and pulse currents is also investigated by simulation. The simulation shows that parametric variables of the flowing electrolyte, the surface roughness and the structure of the electrode, the charging current and mode affect morphological evolution. The uniform morphology of deposited zinc is attained at low current, pulsating current or hydrodynamic electrolyte, and granular morphology is obtained by means of an electrode of discrete columnar structure in combination with high current and flowing electrolyte.
Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established treatment for motor complications in Parkinson disease (PD). Since 2012, the nonrechargeable dual-channel neurostimulator available in France seems to have shorter battery longevity compared to the same manufacturer's previous model. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the battery longevity of older and more recent neurostimulators from the same manufacturer and to explore factors associated with battery life variations. Materials and methods We retrospectively studied our cohort of PD patients who underwent STN DBS between 1987 and 2017. We collected data concerning neurostimulator replacements and parameters. We compared the survival of the first device available, Kinetra® and the current one, Activa-PC® (Medtronic Inc.) and estimated the factors that had an impact on battery longevity through a Cox logistic regression. Results Three hundred sixty-four PD patients received a total of 654 DBS STN neurostimulators: 317 Kinetra® and 337 Activa-PC®. The survival analysis, using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, showed a difference between the curves of the two devices (log-rank test; p < 0.001). The median survival of an Activa-PC® neurostimulator was 1666 days, while it was 2379 days for a Kinetra®. After adjustment, according to the multivariate analysis, the main factors associated with battery lifetime were: the neurostimulator type; the number of subsequent neurostimulator implantations; the total electrical energy delivered (TEED); and sex. Conclusion The Kinetra® neurostimulator lifetime is 2.5 years longer than the Activa-PC®. The type of the device, the high TEED and the number of subsequent neurostimulator implantations influence battery longevity most. These results have medical-economic implications since the survival of PD patients with DBS increases over years.
Cobalt–tin intermetallic compounds with different particle size have been obtained and characterized by using 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy as a main tool. The electrochemical behavior of the Co–Sn compounds has been evaluated in lithium test cells. The Lamb–Mössbauer factors for CoSn with different crystallite sizes have been calculated. The results fnano − CoSn(300 K) = 0.19 and fcoarse − CoSn(300 K) = 0.55 are obtained. Nano-CoSn exhibits larger capacity to react with lithium than coarse-CoSn.
Development of the brain is determined by a strictly orchestrated program of proliferation, migration, apoptosis, differentiation, synaptogenesis, tract formation, and myelination. The E2F family of transcription factors, whose activity and functions are regulated in large part through interactions with the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of tumor suppressor proteins, has been implicated as a key regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of tissues. We have examined levels of the E2F and Rb families of proteins during both brain development and neural differentiation of P19 cells, and found the expression profiles during these two processes of neural development and maturation to be quite similar, i.e., strong up-regulation of p130, pronounced down-regulation of p107, moderate up-regulation of pRb, and significant down-regulation of most species of E2F and dimerization protein (DP). However, several specific isoforms, namely a 30 kDa form of DP-2, a 57 kDa species of E2F-3, a 59 kDa form of E2F-5 and the isoforms of E2F-1 recognized by the E2F-1 (KH-95) antibody were up-regulated suggesting that these particular isoforms of E2F and DP play a tissue-specific function in differentiation and maturation of nervous tissue. The potential role of the E2F/DP family of transcription factors in aspects of neural development and differentiation are considered.
Nanocomposite ZnO–Se thin film has been successfully fabricated by pulsed laser deposition method. The electrochemical behavior is investigated by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The reversible specific capacity of ZnO–Se/Li cells cycled between 0.01 and 3.5V is found to be 505mAhg−1 with good capacity retention. Nanocomposite ZnO–Se thin film electrode exhibits much better electrochemical performance than pure ZnO. The reversible oxidation/reduction reaction of ZnO and selenidation/reduction reaction of ZnSe are revealed in the electrochemical reaction mechanism of nanocomposite ZnO–Se with lithium.
Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more important not only for portable electronic devices, but also in prevision of high power electric vehicles. In such an optic, deep studies regarding all the components of a secondary battery are in development. In this study, high voltage cathode materials have been selected. Crystals with spinel structure have a 3D vacancy pathway suitable for Li-ions transport. The material under study was LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 doped with magnesium replacing the nickel. Various samples were synthesized via three different routes: a solid-state method, a modified sol–gel method and a xerogel method. The structure and morphology of the powders were analyzed with HRTEM and XRD. Electrochemical tests were also performed. A wide range of particle sizes (from micro to nanosize) was the result of the different synthesis routes. Unfortunately pure materials were not always obtained. The electrochemical tests showed improvement of the material's cyclability, by reducing the particle size. The electrochemical tests further confirmed the existence of a Li1+d Mn2−d O4 impurity. The results are quite promising, however, further improvement of the purity of the electrode composition are needed.
In 358 participants of the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we quantified the cognitive consequences of engaging in varying loads of university-level education in later life, and investigated whether or not BDNF Val66Met affected outcomes. Assessment of neuropsychological, health, and psychosocial function was undertaken at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up. Education load was positively associated with change in language processing performance, but this effect did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.064). The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism significantly moderated the extent to which education load was associated with improved language processing (P = 0.026), with education load having a significant positive relationship with cognitive change in BDNF Met carriers but not in BDNF Val homozygotes. In older adults who carry BDNF Met, engaging in university-level education improves language processing performance in a load-dependent manner.
Similar to how the smartphone and Internet have significantly changed our daily lives, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have started to profoundly affect our everyday lives as well. Two major products of this relatively recent trend are virtual assistants and home robots. They have similar functional characteristics: both interact with users through conversational agents and attempt to imitate human behavior. Home robots host a virtual assistant and have mechanical capabilities as well. There are many discussions about risks, challenges and the future vision associated with the proliferation of AI at the industrial level. These discussions, however, have not yet widely extended to the user level within the context of daily lives. In this article, we provide a review to discuss the benefits, risks, challenges, open questions and the future vision of using virtual assistants and social robots in daily lives.
Ethyl acetate and methyl butyrate have been tested as new solvents for Li-ion liquid electrolytes. Specific ternary mixtures have been investigated, containing cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate solvents in addition to the esters. Thanks to their high conductivities, these electrolytes make it possible to obtain very good performances below −30°C, in different LiCoO2||graphite cells. Moreover, these electrolyte compositions do not affect cyclability, charge retention of safety of the LiCoO2 cells, behaving as pure carbonate electrolytes.
Composite films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized, multi-walled, carbon nanotubes (PEDOT–MWCNT) were fabricated by a simple oxidative electropolymerization method. These films were formed on fluorine-doped, tin oxide, glass substrates as counter electrodes (CEs) of platinum-free, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The surface morphology, formation mechanism and electrochemical nature of PEDOT–MWCNT films were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy. The SEM and AFM images showed that PEDOT–MWCNT films were more porous than PEDOT films. CV and AC impedance spectroscopy revealed that the PEDOT–MWCNT electrode had higher electrocatalytic activity for the I3 −/I− redox reaction and a smaller charge transfer resistance than the PEDOT electrodes. The energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC with a PEDOT–MWCNT CE was 13.0% higher than with a PEDOT CE using the same conditions with a ruthenium sensitizer.
Abstract This chapter discusses DC power sources, circuits, battery cells, lead-acid batteries, alkaline batteries, battery charging/discharging method for a new battery installation in substations, battery charging types, and the utilization of batteries in high-voltage substations for primary and backup DC systems.
Objective Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease worldwide. It may be complicated by cognitive impairments with consequent deleterious effects on education, vocation, and social and family life of affected individuals. We assessed the cognitive functions of Nigerian patients with epilepsy using the modified Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) questionnaire. Methods Eighty-two subjects (41 patients with epilepsy and 41 normal controls) participated in the study. The CSID was used to assess language, memory, orientation, attention, calculation, and praxis. The SPSS statistical package was used for data analysis. Results The mean ages (in years) of patients with epilepsy and controls were 28.32±9.22 and 25.98±7.72, respectively. The patients with epilepsy performed poorly when compared with the controls (P <0.05) in the domains Language, Memory, Attention and Calculation, and Praxis, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and controls in Orientation scores. Duration of epilepsy and of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy had a significant negative impact on all domains of the CSID (P <0.05), whereas type of AED used did not. The CSID had a sensitivity of 91.7%. Conclusion This study showed that patients with epilepsy have significant cognitive impairments compared with controls, and duration of epilepsy and AED therapy have deleterious effects on their cognitive performance. In addition, the CSID has acceptable sensitivity and predictive value. It is recommended that cognitive function assessment should be an integral part of routine evaluation of patients with epilepsy.
The development of novel functional nanostructures and the implementation of an asymmetric cell design are the key challenges to increase the electrochemical performance of aqueous based supercapacitors. In this manuscript complex three-dimensional electrode materials are nano-engineered based on free-standing open-ended core/shell nanotube arrays with tailored functions. Both the negative and positive electrode materials are designed and nanostructured individually, using an innovative material combination of Polypyrrole (PPy) and manganese oxide (MnO2). This asymmetric cell design increases the possible operating potential window to 1.7V, which is a major leap to enhance the specific energy of supercapacitors. The prepared device exhibits a high specific energy of 27.2Whkg−1 and a high specific power 24.8kWkg−1.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy after differentiated thyroid carcinoma surgery causes cognitive impairment. However, data on naming difficulties (anomia)—related specific cognitive impairment are lacking.
New single lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are prepared by a copolymerization of the two monomers, lithium (4-styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiSTFSI) and methoxy-polyethylene glycol acrylate (MPEGA, CH2 CHCO2 (CH2CH2O) n CH3, n =8) in various monomer ratios. The structures and compositions of the prepared lithium poly[(4-styrenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-co-methoxy-polyethylene glycol acrylate] (Li[PSTFSI-co-MPEGA]) copolymers are characterized by 1H and 19F NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For comparison, the corresponding blended polymer electrolytes comprising lithium poly[(4-styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (LiPSTFSI) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are also prepared and characterized. The fundamental properties of these two types of lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes are comparatively studied, in terms of phase transitions, thermal stability, XRD, ionic conductivities, lithium-ion transference numbers (t Li +), and electrochemical stabilities. Both types of the polymer electrolytes are thermally stable up to 300°C. While both types of polymer electrolytes exhibit single lithium-ion conducting behavior with t Li + >0.9, the solid-state ionic conductivities of the Li[PSTFSI-co-MPEGA] copolymer electrolytes are all higher by 1–3 orders in magnitude than those of the blended ones, irrespective of the concentration of lithium ions. The highest ionic conductivities for the copolymer electrolytes are 7.6×10−6 Scm−1 at 25°C and reach 10−4 Scm−1 at 60°C, which are obtained at the ethylene oxide (EO) unit/Li+ ratio of 20.5.
Engineering the surface and electronic structures of nanocarbons is a viable strategy to boost their catalytic performance. Herein, rather than conventional covalent doping, we used the concept of interfacial charge transfer doping of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to noncovalently adsorb certain polyelectrolytes (i.e. poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, acceptor) onto pure CNTs (donor) to act as a buffer layer for richening reactants (OH−) via electrostatic interaction and to induce notable interfacial charge redistribution via directional intermolecular charge-transfer, which not only improves the reaction kinetics but also creates a high density of catalytic carbon sites, eventually transforming the inactive CNTs into efficient metal-free water oxidation catalysts. As expected, the resulting PDDA-adsorbed CNT catalysts yielded a remarkably lower overpotential of 370 mV at 10.0 mA cm−2 with a smaller Tafel slope of 76 mV dec−1 with respect to pure CNTs (>520 mV, 166 mV dec−1), even on a par with the benchmark RuO2 (360 mV, 137 mV dec−1) in 0.1 M KOH.
As one single cell cannot meet power and driving range requirement in an electric vehicle, the battery packs with hundreds of single cells connected in parallel and series should be constructed. The most significant difference between a single cell and a battery pack is cell variation. Not only does cell variation affect pack energy density and power density, but also it causes early degradation of battery and potential safety issues. The cell variation effects on battery packs are studied, which are of great significant to battery pack screening and management scheme. In this study, the description for the consistency characteristics of battery packs was first proposed and a pack model with 96 cells connected in series was established. A set of parameters are introduced to study the cell variation and their impacts on battery packs are analyzed through the battery pack capacity loss simulation and experiments. Meanwhile, the capacity loss composition of the battery pack is obtained and verified by the temperature variation experiment. The results from this research can demonstrate that the temperature, self-discharge rate and coulombic efficiency are the major affecting parameters of cell variation and indicate the dissipative cell equalization is sufficient for the battery pack.
Heterogeneous nanostructured materials are currently studied as promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to effective synergy. Herein, we report on TiO2-B@VS2 heterogeneous nanowire arrays (TVNAs) as additives-free anodes for LIBs. The VS2 is a two-dimensional (2D) material with intrinsically metallic nature. Importantly, this layered 2D material offers a large interlayer spacing for facile intercalation of lithium-ions and possesses a high theoretical capacity. The TVNAs electrode shows a reversible capacity of 365.4 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 C (335 mA g−1), being significantly superior than the pure TiO2-B nanowire arrays (TNAs) electrode (192.7 mA h g−1). Impressively, the TVNAs electrode delivers a high rate capacity of 171.2 mA h g−1 at 10 C rate. The merits of the TVNAs electrode could be ascribed to the outstanding structural stability of the TNAs and the high capacity and conductivity of VS2.