batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model of a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery was performed by investigating the response of the model to variation of the exchange current densities, diffusion coefficients, and cathode thickness over a wide range; the results of the analysis were used to explain the some aspects of the behavior of the system which may be seen in experiments. In particular, among all the exchange current densities, the exchange current density of the elemental sulfur reduction has the most significant effect on the discharge capacity of the cell. The variation of the diffusion coefficients was also analyzed, providing information on the non-uniformity of precipitants in the cell after discharge. An optimum cathode thickness was presented to gain the highest capacity of the cell. Finally, the simulation of charging was studied, showing that the model needs a large solubility product of di-lithium sulfide to be able to simulate the charge process of a cell.
The piezoelectric energy harvesters can be an integral part of self-powered sensor system due to its compatibility with semiconductor technology. In this paper, a modified structural geometry has been proposed in order to improve the performance of energy harvesters with classical cantilever topology by incorporating through holes. A detail mathematical analysis has been carried out to manifest the effect of through hole on resonant frequency of piezo harvester using Rayleigh–Ritz method. The theoretical analysis is validated through simulation studies as well as experimental results. Accordingly, an in-house low cost experimental set-up has been developed using Polyvinylidinefluoride (PVDF) based macro-level energy harvester and loud speaker based vibration set-up. It has been observed that the resonant frequency is reduced from 26.23 Hz to 21.94 Hz due to incorporation of hole to classical cantilever for a given dimension. With input acceleration of 3.7 g, the developed macro-harvester set-up resonates at 23 Hz and is capable of producing power of 59.93
Solar hotspots are the regions characterized by an exceptional solar power potential suitable for decentralized commercial exploitation of energy. Identification of solar hotspots in a vast geographical expanse with dense habitations helps to meet escalating power demand in a decentralized, efficient and sustainable manner. This communication focuses on the assessment of resource potential with variability in India derived from high resolution satellite derived insolation data. Data analysis reveals that nearly 58% of the geographical area potentially represent the solar hotspots in the country with more than 5kWh/m2/day of annual average Global insolation. A techno-economic analysis of the solar power technologies and a prospective minimal utilization of the land available within these solar hotspots demonstrate their immense power generation as well as emission reduction potential. The study evaluates the progress made in solar power generation in the country especially with the inception of an ambitious National Solar Mission (NSM) also termed as ‘Solar India’. The organizational aspects of solar power generation with focus on existing policy elements are also addressed so as to probe the actual potential of the identified solar hotspots in meeting the NSM targets and beyond.
We propose P3-K0.54[Co0.5Mn0.5]O2, which is rationally designed as a promising cathode material for high-performance potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). Its composition adopts the use of the valence state of Mn above 3.5 + to minimize the disruptive effect of Jahn–Teller distortion in the MnO6 octahedra during the electrochemical reaction. Unlike other types of layered materials that suffer from the sluggish diffusion of large potassium ions accompanying multi-step voltage profiles, P3-K0.54[Co0.5Mn0.5]O2 delivers a high specific discharge capacity of 120.4 mAh (g-oxide)−1 with smooth charge and discharge curves. First-principles calculations predict an activation barrier energy of ∼260 meV for a large K+ diffusion, which is comparable to those observed in conventional layered cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. As a result, even at 500 mA g−1, P3-K0.54[Co0.5Mn0.5]O2 is able to deliver a high discharge capacity of 78 mAh g−1, which is a retention of 65% versus the capacity obtained at 20 mA g−1. Combination studies using operando X-ray diffraction, the ex-situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure, and first-principles calculations elucidate the nature of the excellent potassium storage mechanism of K0.54[Co0.5Mn0.5]O2. This work provides a new insight for the development of efficient cathode materials for KIBs.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is an alternative technique to remove salt ions from salted and brackish water, of which the performance is mainly governed by the electrode materials. In the present study, the composites for CDI were produced by co-electrospinning the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and activated carbon nanofiber (ACF), followed by CO2 activation. The morphology, mechanical property and conductivity of the as-made RGO/ACF composites were characterized, and their NaCl adsorption capacity was evaluated. In the electrospun RGO/ACF composites, the nanofibers function to immobilize graphene and to avoid the agglomeration of graphene, while the graphene helps to increase the conductivity as a conductive agent and to improve the pore width distribution. It has been found that the RGO/ACF-10 shows an excellent electrosorption capacity as high as 7.2mgg−1 at 400mg/L of initial salt concentration. Such an approach to fabrication of RGO/ACF composites may pave a new way to produce carbon-based electrode materials for CDI with high performance.
With sufficient electricity storage capacity, any power production profile may be mapped onto any desired supply profile. We present a framework to determine the required storage power as a function of time for any power production profile, supply profile, and targeted system efficiency, given the loss characteristics of the storage system. We apply the framework to the electrochemical storage of intermittent renewable power, employing a simplifying linear response approximation that permits the entire efficiency behavior of the system to be described by a single scalar figure of merit—the discharge power capacity. We consider three exemplary grid supply scenarios: constant, grid-minus-baseload, and square wave; and two different production scenarios: wind with a capacity factor 32.5%, and solar photovoltaic (PV) with a capacity factor of 14%. For each of these six combinations of scenarios, the storage energy and discharge power capacity requirements are found for a range of system efficiencies. Significantly diminishing efficiency returns are found on increasing the discharge power capacity. Solid-electrode batteries are shown to have two orders of magnitude too little energy to power ratio to be well suited to the storage of intermittent renewable power.
The uncertainty associated to the forecast of photovoltaic generation is a major drawback for the widespread introduction of this technology into electricity grids. This uncertainty is a challenge in the design and operation of electrical systems that include photovoltaic generation. Demand-Side Management (DSM) techniques are widely used to modify energy consumption. If local photovoltaic generation is available, DSM techniques can use generation forecast to schedule the local consumption. On the other hand, local storage systems can be used to separate electricity availability from instantaneous generation; therefore, the effects of forecast error in the electrical system are reduced. The effects of uncertainty associated to the forecast of photovoltaic generation in a residential electrical system equipped with DSM techniques and a local storage system are analyzed in this paper. The study has been performed in a solar house that is able to displace a residential user’s load pattern, manage local storage and estimate forecasts of electricity generation. A series of real experiments and simulations have carried out on the house. The results of this experiments show that the use of Demand Side Management (DSM) and local storage reduces to 2% the uncertainty on the energy exchanged with the grid. In the case that the photovoltaic system would operate as a pure electricity generator feeding all generated electricity into grid, the uncertainty would raise to around 40%.
A large-area thermoelectric generator (TEG) utilizing a folded thin-film concept is implemented and the performance evaluated for near room temperature applications having modest temperature gradients (<50 K). The TEGs with the area of ∼0.33 m2 are shown capable of powering a wireless sensor node of multiple sensors suitable e.g. for monitoring environmental variables in buildings. The TEGs are based on a transparent, non-toxic and abundant thermoelectric material, i.e. aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO), deposited on flexible substrates. After folding, both the electrical current and heat flux are in the plane of the thermoelectric thin-film. Heat leakage in the folded TEG is shown to be minimal (close to that of air), enabling sufficient temperature gradients without efficient heat sinks, contrary to the conventional TEGs having the thermal flux and electrical current perpendicular to the plane of the thermoelectric films. The long-term stability studies reveal that there are no significant changes in the electrical or thermoelectric properties of AZO over several months, while the contact resistance between AZO and silver ink is an issue exhibiting a continuous increase over time. The performance of the TEGs and technological implications in relation to a state-of-the-art thermoelectric material are further assessed via a computational study.
The Institutes for Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK) and for Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology (ITM) at TU Dresden have founded a joint research center for carbon fibers. In the Research Center Carbon Fibers (RCCF), the institutes want to research the material from the fiber raw material to the finished component and discover new properties and possible applications. According to  the institute, the newly installed and unique equipment is used by scientists to research the basis for tailor-made carbon fibers under clean room conditions. Individual plant modules for stabilization and carbonization with industry- oriented furnace design and individually adjustable parameter combinations are used. The center comprises an ISO 8 class clean room of more than 300 m². In addition to the two existing stabilization  and carbonization modules, there will  be space for any future expansion of the facility, such as another high-temperature furnace in which carbon fibers can be  graphitized up to temperatures of over 2000 °C, or unique coating systems for surface activation. |Scientists examine a newly developed fiber© Lichtwerke Design Fotografie
P2-type Mn-based cathode materials present high reversible capacities and low cost, but still suffer the poor cycle ability. In this study, a water-stable cathode material was synthesized by simple solid-state method, and kinds of water-soluble natural biopolymers including guar gum, sodium alginate and xanthan gum were investigated as the binder for this typical P2-type cathode material. As the water-soluble binders contain a large amount of OH and COO functional groups, they could result high adhesion between the particles and conductor, thus lead to a better conductivity. Indeed, an enhanced electrochemical performance was observed on these water-soluble binder, comparing with the commercialized PVDF binder. Among them, the P2-type cathode material with xanthan gum binder delivers the most significant improvement in cycling performance with the capacity retention of 77.6% at 40 mA g−1 and 66% at 100 mA g−1 after 80 and 200 cycle. The XPS depth profiles demonstrated that the dissolution of transition metal in this cathode materials, which lead to severe structural deformation and capacity fading during the repeated cycles, can be significant suppressed by the usage of the water-soluble binders.
Application development and deployment on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is a major challenge in the widespread use of MANET. The increasing D2D communication in 5G networks has renewed interest in an effective middleware design for MANET where application developers face various challenges such as unstable connectivity, high error rate, mobility induced disruption and disconnection, and limited battery power. We find that unstructured overlay network provides a good abstraction to facilitate application development and deployment on MANET. In this paper, we present the design of a middleware that builds a Resource-Aware Overlay Network (RAON), which is an unstructured overlay network of nodes engaged in the application that employs a query–reply mechanism for resource discovery. RAON is enhanced with features such as proactive neighbor replacement, congestion-aware data download and cooperative caching. Simulation results show that these features are effective in reducing query delay, improving data availability, and balancing node power consumption with protocol performance. We also present the middleware software design that offers the API based on node and path abstractions to applications. The middleware implements a generic context framework for acquiring device and user context. We discuss the implementation of application-level multicast and credit-based file-sharing applications using the middleware API. The middleware is implemented in Java J2ME on Android, which is tested in an ad hoc network of Nexus 7 devices running OLSR.
The search for transparent battery cathodes primarily focuses on patterned electrodes with feature sizes below the optical absorption limit. This significantly limits the electrode capacity, as a large electrode area remains unused to maintain transparency. Herein, we report transparent olivine LiFe0.77Mn0.23PO4 thin-film electrodes discovered through high-throughput continuous-composition-spread sputtering. After investigating six different Mn doping ratios, we found the optimal Mn-doped olivine composition with an enhanced discharge capacity of 45.7 μA h/cm2∙μm without using excessive nanosized features or carbon coating. The thin-film electrode exhibits a clear redox activity for both Fe3+/2+ and Mn3+/2+, resulting in an enhanced average voltage over LiFePO4 composition. A 250-nm-thick film exhibits an optical transmittance of over 80% in the visible region. The results in this study demonstrates that transparent cathode thin films can be developed based on phospho-olivines via doping strategies with high-throughput continuous-composition-spread sputtering methods.
Hierarchical MoS2 microboxes constructed by ultrathin nanosheets are synthesized by a facile template-assisted strategy. The first step involves the L-cysteine assisted uniform growth of hierarchical MoS2 nanosheets on MnCO3 microcube templates which are at the same time converted to MnS. Hierarchical MoS2 microboxes can be obtained by selectively dissolving MnS through acid washing. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the hierarchical MoS2 microboxes manifest high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance. The hierarchical MoS2 microboxes also show enhanced electrocatalytic activity for electrochemical hydrogen evolution from water.
Well-crystallized and high-performance xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 cathode materials over a wide compositional range (0.1⿤ x ⿤0.5) were prepared by a facile co-precipitation strategy. All samples show small and uniform particle dimensions in the range of 200-500nm. 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 (LMNC3) delivers the highest discharge capacities of 321.1mAhg⿿1 at 0.1C, 305.2mAhg⿿1 at 0.2 C, 243.2mAhg⿿1 at 0.5C, 205.9mAhg⿿1 at 1C, 182.1mAhg⿿1 at 2C, and 133.7mAhg⿿1 at 5C, respectively. LMNC3 also exhibits an excellent fast charge-discharge performance, and even at a charge-discharge rate of 2C in the 100th cycle its capacity still remains 128.2mAhg⿿1. The improved performance of LMNC3 can be ascribed to the improvement of electrochemical reversibility, lithium ion diffusion and ionic conductivity. First-principles calculation based on density function theory reveals that the strong covalent bonds formed between Mn-3d and O-2p orbits and stable Li2MnO3-enriched layer are helpful for stabilizing the LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 structure. The same strategy adopted in this work could be helpful to develop other Li-rich cathodes with long cycle life and high rate performance.
Nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) have been measured downwind (0–450 m) from two line sources in a suburban environment in a set of initial experiments designed to investigate the role of chemistry in determining the partitioning of NOx into NO and NO2 and the ability of a commercial modelling package (ADMS) to reproduce downwind speciated NOx concentrations. NO concentrations decrease more rapidly than NO2 as NO is removed both by dilution and by chemical reaction with ozone. Whilst NO is the dominant form of NOx at the roadside, NO2 concentrations decay more slowly (due to chemical production and higher background levels) and NO2 typically forms the majority of NOx by 50–100 m from the source. For a majority of modelling studies the input NO and NO2 concentrations were set to match the experimental concentrations at the initial site. The measured decays of NO and NO2 can be accurately reproduced by the ADMS dispersion model only when chemical transformation is taken into account. When NOx is estimated directly from traffic flow measurements, the modelled NO2 tends to underestimate the measured value.
The market diffusion of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is a research topic which is often addressed, yet PEV market diffusion models differ in their approaches, the factors they include and results. Here, 40 market diffusion models for PEVs are compared in their scope, approach and findings to point out similarities or differences and make recommendations for future improvements in modeling in this field. Important input factors for the US are the purchase price and operating costs, while for Germany energy prices and the charging infrastructure are mentioned more often. Furthermore, larger sales shares of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles than battery electric vehicles are often found in the short term results (until 2030) while the picture is not so clear for the medium- to long-term. Future market penetration models should include specific PEV features like the limited range of battery electric vehicles or access to charging infrastructure, which are currently not covered by many models. Also, the integration of current policy regulations and, if possible, indirect policy incentives would enhance research in this field.
The demand for new materials in the field of electromagnetic interference shielding has increased dramatically in the last few decades due to the advancements in the electronics industry. To meet these growing demands, many new materials are being investigated to replace traditionally used metal sheets. Some of the promising materials being researched are polymer-based composites due to their low specific weight, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Some researchers have also looked into the modification and synthetization of new metal-based shielding materials. One of the significant disadvantages of modifying metallic materials is the reduction of their electrical conductivity that adversely affects the shielding effectiveness. Hence, the modifications carried out should be able to maintain the shielding effectiveness at high values while eliminating the shortcomings of metal sheets. In this review article, novel metal-based materials are analyzed for their shielding effectiveness. While some of the materials reviewed in this paper are merely metal-based composites, others consist of more complex additives including metal oxides and carbides. Apart from the shielding effectiveness, this article analyses the variation of other important properties such as electrical conductivity and mechanical properties for a few of these materials.
The Khasia ethnic community of Bangladesh has been a population of forest villagers in the north-eastern hill forests of Bangladesh since the early 1950s, practicing a betel leaf-based agroforestry system on land granted by the Forest Department. Taking a sample forest village of the Sylhet forest division as a case study, this article examines the sustainability attributes of betel leaf production in the agroforestry system. The presence of several positive attributes of sustainability including the composition of agroforestry, disease control, soil fertility management, profitability, socio-cultural acceptability and institutional support indicate that betel leaf production within the agroforestry system is stable under the prevailing traditional management system. Income from the sale of betel leaf is the principal livelihood means and villager’s reciprocal contributions help to conserve forest resources. However, problems with land ownership and regular agreement renewal need to be resolved for the sake of their livelihoods and forest conservation.
Background Measles virus is a highly prevalent neurotropic virus capable of causing persistent infections within the central nervous system. Methods We measured IgG class antibodies to measles in 820 individuals including 138 with recent onset psychosis, 378 with persistent schizophrenia, and 304 non-psychiatric controls. Levels of antibodies among the groups were compared by bivariate and by multivariate analyses and correlated with clinical and demographic variables. Results The level of measles antibodies in individuals with a recent onset of psychosis was greater than the level of antibodies in individuals with persistent schizophrenia or individuals without a history of a psychiatric disorder (p <.00001). The level of measles antibodies in the individuals with persistent schizophrenia was greater than the level of measles antibodies in the controls (p <.001). Recent onset of psychosis was associated with having elevated levels of measles antibodies, defined as the 90th percentile of the levels of the controls, with an odds ratio of 8.0 (95% CI 4.6, 14.0); persistent schizophrenia was associated with having this level with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.7). Within the psychiatric groups, measles antibody levels were associated with age, race, and current treatment with the antipsychotic medication, olanzapine. Conclusions The reasons for elevated levels of measles antibodies in the psychiatric groups are not known with certainty and should be studied in prospective investigations.
Proton-conducting composites of heteropolyacid hydrates (phospbotungstic acid, PTA and phosphomolybdic acid, PMA) with dispersoids such as insulating Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3·16H2O and (NH4)10W12O41·2H2O are prepared for use as possible solid-state electrolytes in batteries. Bulk electrical conductivity as a function of composition is reported. Rechargeable solid-state proton batteries are fabricated and characterized. A cell with the configuration Zn+ZnSO4·7H2O+MH x |PMA+APT|PbO2+V2O5+C+E gives an open circuit voltage of 1.5V and can run for >850h at a current drain of 2.4μAcm−2. The cell can be recharged without much loss up to 18–20cycles.