batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sea ports and the related maritime activities (e.g. shipping, shipbuilding, etc.) are one of the main driver of Europe’s growth, jobs, competitiveness and prosperity. The continuously growth of shipping sectors has however introduced some environmental concerns, particularly with respect to ship-generated waste management. The port of Koper, one of the major ports on the northern Adriatic Coast, is the focus of this study. In this paper, a life cycle assessment was performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts caused by the ship-generated waste management of port of Koper. Carcinogens substance (e.g. dioxins) and inorganic emissions, especially heavy metals, resulted to be the most critical environmental issues, while the fossil fuels consumption is reduced by recovery of ship-generated oils. Moreover, the final treatment of ship waste was found to be critical phase of the management, and the landfill have a significant contribute to the overall environmental load. These results can be useful in the identification of the best practices and in the implementation of waste management plans in ports.
Objective As a continuation of a previous study which demonstrated the existence of the error-monitoring mechanism among regular readers, the current study attempts to characterize the error detection negativity (ERN/Ne) and the correct-related negativity (CRN) among dyslexics. More specifically, given the lexical and semantic processes involved in reading, the study attempts to reveal the reasons for differences between regular and dyslexic readers with respect to the ERN/Ne and N400 amplitudes and latencies. Methods A visual lexical decision paradigm and event-related potential (ERP) analysis were used. Results Dyslexics exhibited lower ERN/Ne amplitudes and later latencies in error responses as compared to correct responses. A smaller difference between the ERN/Ne and CRN amplitudes among dyslexics was observed. In addition, a later N400 component was elicited for error responses in both groups of readers. Conclusion A different error-detection activity level among dyslexic readers was found in reading. Significance These results emphasize the differences in brain activity among regular and dyslexic readers. Our results point at a possible model of brain processing of incorrect reading among dyslexics. This model can be used to explain the reasons for repeated reading errors among adult compensated dyslexics despite extensive exposure to print over the years.
Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide (LMRO) cathode materials deliver a reversible capacity over 280 mAh g−1, which is almost two times higher than that of traditional cathode materials. However, the improved mechanism of high capacity for the LMRO cathode material has not been elaborated clearly so far. In this work, the relationship between the structures and the electrochemical performance in the Li(2x+2)/(2+x)Ni(2-2x)/(6+3x)Co(2-2x)/(6+3x)Mn(2+4x)/(6+3x)O2 (XLNCMO) (0 ≤ X ≤ 1) cathode materials is systematically studied. Electrochemical performance is evaluated by a galvanostatic charge and discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Structure and morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technologies. Results demonstrate that there is an obvious synergistic effect between the Li2MO3(C2/m) phase and the LiMO2(R-3m) phase in the XLNCMO cathode with a mutual doped composite structure. In this composite structure, the LiMO2(R-3m) phase plays a role of an “activator” to activate the electrochemical activity of the Li2MO3(C2/m) phase and also provides electrochemical capacity, and the Li2MO3(C2/m) phase can be seen as an “stabilizer” to enhance the cycling stability of the LiMO2(R-3m) phase. Moreover, the Li2MO3(C2/m) phase can also be seen as a major contributor for enhancing the electrochemical capacity of the XLNCMO cathodes.
A nanocomposite comprised of a bimetallic alloy of antimony (III) telluride embedded in a hybrid matrix of titanium carbide with amorphous carbon is synthesized via facile, scalable, and inexpensive high energy mechanical milling. The Sb2Te3-TiC-C nanocomposite is composed of nanosized Sb2Te3 and TiC particles homogeneously dispersed in amorphous carbon, as characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical measurements show that the Sb2Te3-TiC-C exhibits enhanced electrochemical reversibility, great cyclability, and high-rate capability compared to Sb2Te3-C and Sb2Te3. Additionally, the optimum TiC content is determined based on electrochemical performances. Among all Sb2Te3-TiC-C nanocomposites tested, Sb2Te3-TiC(30%)-C exhibits the best performances in terms of reversible volumetric capacity (463 mAh cm−3 over 600 cycles, 80% retention) and high rate capability (5000 mA g−1, 80% of its capacity at 100 mA g−1). The improvement of electrochemical performance with optimal TiC content is attributed to the appropriate amount of TiC-C that acted as a mechanical buffer and highly conductive matrix during cycling while minimizing capacity sacrifices. The mechanism of lithium ion storage on Sb and Te in Sb2Te3-TiC-C is also investigated during the charge/discharge process.
Rechargeable Zn batteries (ZBs) have received increasing attention due to their cheap, safe and green characteristics, but their further development is generally bottlenecked by lack of compatible electrolytes. Here we report an eco-friendly and low-cost amide-based molten salt (AMS) containing acetamide, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and trifluoromethylsulfonate (Zn(Tfo)2) for ZBs. This AMS electrolyte enables a ∼100% Zn plating/stripping efficiency with long-term stability and suppresses Zn dendrite growth. Based on the Li+ extraction/insertion on the cathodes and reversible Zn chemistry on the anode in this AMS electrolyte, both Zn/LiMn2O4 and Zn/LiFePO4 batteries show excellent electrochemical performance including large specific capacity (118 and 140 mAh g−1, respectively) and remarkable cycle life (>150 cycles). More importantly, by virtue of the electrochemical stability of the AMS, the voltage limit can be significantly increased above 2.15 V for the Zn/LiMn2O4 battery, making full use of the cathode capacity. This finding opens new opportunities for the development of low-cost and high performance ZBs.
We prepared composite electrodes of iron silicide/Si by using mechanical grinding for mixtures of ferrosilicon and Si followed by gas-deposition, and investigated their electrochemical properties as Li-ion battery anode. With increasing the mechanical grinding time, the phase transformation from FeSi to FeSi2 took place more significantly, and the composite electrode showed better cycle stabilities. There was no remarkable difference in mechanical properties and electronic conductivity between FeSi and FeSi2. On the other hand, the FeSi2 electrode exhibited about three times larger capacities in comparison with the FeSi electrode. In addition, a result of our first principle calculation indicates that Li-ion can diffuse more easily in FeSi2 lattice than in FeSi lattice. It is suggested that the better cyclability of the composite electrodes was attributed to the moderate reactivity of FeSi2 with Li and the smooth Li-ion diffusion in it.
A process model for impedance analysis was developed in the context of reactions and transport processes that were hypothesized to govern the performance of the Li-ion battery. At the carbon electrode, lithium ions and solvent were considered to react to form a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In addition, lithium ions were assumed to diffuse through the SEI to intercalate into the graphene layers. As these two processes involve an addition of currents, the corresponding impedances were considered to be in parallel. Anomalous diffusion of lithium ions was invoked at the LiCoO2 electrode to account for the low-frequency line that had a slope steeper than that predicted by ordinary diffusion. This model was fit to all impedance data collected. The model provided a good description for impedance of batteries under normal operating potentials and temperatures. The contribution of anomalous diffusion was diminished at elevated temperatures, suggesting that the free-energy well associated with anomalous or sticky diffusion was shallow.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve early parenting by increasing understanding of infant developmental needs and promoting maternal responsiveness as indicated by increased positive behavior support for infants and decreased psychological control. At-risk mothers were randomly assigned to control or treatment conditions, the latter consisting of training in parental responsiveness, developmental knowledge, and loving touch. Following the intervention, treatment mothers reduced their controlling tendencies; they were less rigid, less intrusive, and more flexible than control mothers. Treatment mothers provided more parental support indicated by higher quality verbalizations, more demonstrative teaching, and lower role-reversal tendencies. Editors’ Strategic Implications: Further replication will be necessary, but the results for the “My Baby and Me” program are promising. The authors provide crucial information for parent educators about the pairing of basic knowledge transfer with the active engagement of parents with their infants in practicing new parenting skills.
Molybdenum oxysalt is a promising electrode candidate for lithium ion battery due to its flexible composition structure and large Li-storage capacity. An unprecedented MnMoO4 with a carbon overlayer is synthesized by room-temperature reaction of manganese salt and molybdate, followed hydrothermal treatment with glucose. The rod-like MnMoO4@C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. A large reversible capacity of 1050mAhg−1 can be retained after 200 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1. The improved lithium storage performance is attributed to the presence of electrically-conductive carbon coating, which can improve the lithium transportation and alleviate the large volume change of ternary metal oxide during repetitive cycling.
Pyrite (FeS2), a promising potential anode material of sodium-ion batteries for its low cost and abundant mineral sources. The low conductivity, dissolution of soluble polysulfides and severe volume change lead to poor rate performance and terrible cyclic performance, especially for commercial bulk FeS2 material. These are the main handicaps for its large scale application in sodium ion batteries. In this work, we report a well-designed core-shell structured FeS2@rGO composite with two parts that are firmly linked by SiO2 nanoparticles. The introduction of rGO sheets can bring the following advantages: improved conductivity, prevention of loss of polysulfides, and buffering of volume change. Besides, combining the unique structure of FeS2@rGO and the control of cut-off voltage which avoids the formation of polysulfides, this FeS2@rGO composite exhibits improved cyclic and rate performances. It shows a reversible discharge capacity more than 310mAhg−1 at 0.2C which is approach to theoretical capacity (357mAhg−1 for the operation voltage range of 0.8–3V) and an enhanced cyclic performance. Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction mechanism was characterized which helps us have an insight of pyrite’s electrochemical behaviour.
Deficits on verbal memory tasks, as well as on spatial and auditory working memory tasks, have been observed in schizophrenia patients. A useful strategy in the determination of the premorbid indicator status of specific cognitive and memory deficits observed in patients is to examine those persons at increased biological risk for schizophrenia (e.g. first-degree relatives), schizotypal personality disorder patients, and/or psychometrically identified schizotypes for comparable deficits, though perhaps less profound than those seen in actual patients. We examined verbal memory and auditory working memory functioning in 31 schizotypic and 26 normal control subjects from a large randomly ascertained non-clinical university population. Schizotypy status was determined psychometrically using the well-known Perceptual Aberration Scale. Contrary to our theory-guided expectations, noteworthy deficits in verbal memory and auditory working memory were not observed in the schizotypic subjects and the two experimental groups did not differ significantly on any of the memory measures. These results were discussed in light of prior results obtained using the spatial delayed response task (i.e. spatial working memory) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance on these same subjects. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the putative processes involved in the working memory system, as well as in relation to the schizotypy construct.
The processing capabilities of mobile devices coupled with portable and wearable sensors provide the basis for new context-aware services and applications tailored to the user environment and daily activities. In this article, we describe the approach developed within the UPCASE project, which makes use of sensors available in the mobile device as well as sensors externally connected via Bluetooth to provide user contexts. We describe the system architecture from sensor data acquisition to feature extraction, context inference and the publication of context information in web-centered servers that support well-known social networking services. In the current prototype, context inference is based on decision trees to learn and to identify contexts dynamically at run-time, but the middleware allows the integration of different inference engines if necessary. Experimental results in a real-world setting suggest that the proposed solution is a promising approach to provide user context to local mobile applications as well as to network-level applications such as social networking services.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with higher energy density are necessary to meet the increasing demands of energy storage system (ESS) in near future. Tin (IV) oxide, SnO2, is one of highly promising anode candidates due to its high theoretical capacity (782 mAh g−1), abundance, environmental friendliness, and safety with organic electrolytes. However, a rapid capacity fading and poor rate capabilities arising from the large volume expansion and subsequent agglomeration of Sn nanoparticles have been major issues of SnO2. Here, we have synthesized one-dimensional (1D) SnO2-amorphous titanium (IV) oxide NTs (SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs), which allow both facile ionic and electron transport as well as easy penetration of electrolytes. The resultant SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs not only alleviate volume expansion by maintaining their structural integrity but also possess minimal charge transfer resistance even after a number of cycles. SnO2-a-TiO2 NTs exhibit both excellent cycle retention characteristics (1050.2 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles) and outstanding rate capability (522.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5000 mA g−1), which is attributed to the introduction of amorphous TiO2 that not only acts as buffer agent for volume changes of SnO2 but also allows fast surface-controlled diffusion process due to its pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanisms.
Cobalt free, eco-friendly layered Li1.2(Mn0.32Ni0.32Fe0.16)O2 compounds were synthesized using the adipic acid assisted sol–gel method. The structure and morphology of the prepared materials were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results revealed that all of the materials possess a layered α-NaFeO2 structure with R 3 ¯ m space group. The TEM images confirmed the presence of carbon on the surface of the synthesized material. Galvanostatic charge/discharge studies demonstrated that the cyclic performance and rate capability of the materials were improved by the presence of carbon and the crystalline nature of the material. Among the synthesized materials, the sample prepared with 1M adipic acid exhibited not only a high discharge capacity of 160mAhg−1, but also excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention of over 92% after 25 cycles. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to confirm the improvement in the electronic conductivity and the results are discussed in detail.
A modified Zr-coating process was introduced to improve the electrochemical performance of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2. The ZrO2-coating was carried out on an intermediate, (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)(OH)2, rather than on Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2. After a heat treatment process, one part of the Zr covered the surface of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 in the form of a Li2ZrO3 coating layer, and the other part diffused into the crystal lattice of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2. A decreasing gradient distribution in the concentration of Zr was detected from the surface to the bulk of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Electrochemical tests indicated that the 1% (Zr/Ni+Co+Mn) ZrO2-modified Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 prepared by this process showed better cyclability and rate capability than bare Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2. The result can be ascribed to the special effect of Zr in ZrO2-modified Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2. The surface coating layer of Li2ZrO3 improved the cycle performance, while the incorporation of Zr in the crystal lattice of Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 modified the rate capability by increasing the lattice parameters. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results showed that the increase of charge transfer resistance during cycling was suppressed significantly by ZrO2 modification.
An efficient, reliable and cost-effective energy storage is necessary to increase the use of renewables and to contribute in reducing the carbon footprint of the electricity grid. A novel iron-air battery characterized by high performance, safety and reliability for operation at intermediate temperatures (500–650 °C) is demonstrated. The iron-air rechargeable battery is based on a new configuration where both the nickel-electrode and the hydrogen/water redox processes, generally utilized in high temperature ceramic batteries, are avoided in this system completely operating in the solid state. This can increase the durability and reliability of the battery while providing excellent performance (specific energy of 0.46 Wh g−1, specific capacity of 0.5 Ah g−1, faradaic efficiency 80%). These characteristics favourably compare to low temperature iron-air batteries. Excellent performance and cyclability are achieved at 650 °C for the iron-air solid-state battery showing no relevant degradation after more than 100 cycles. The concept is based on a composite iron-ceria anode in contact with an oxygen anion-conducting lanthanum gallate electrolyte and a mixed conductivity lanthanum ferrite perovskite-based cathode. This combines both simplicity of operation and intrinsic safety with high energy density and durability. The excellent dynamic behaviour, the absence of influence of external environmental conditions and the use of cost-effective ceramic materials, with the possibility to produce high quality heat to cover the chain of electrical and thermal energy, make such systems largely appealing for applications related to renewable power sources.
We report a novel composite, sulfur supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes and coated with polyaniline (denoted as MWCNTs-S@PANI), as cathode of lithium-sulfur battery. MWCNTs-S is prepared by loading sulfur on MWCNTs via chemical deposition and coated with polyaniline via in situ polymerization under the control of ascorbic acid. The physical and electrochemical performances of the resulting MWCNTs-S@PANI are investigated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge/discharge test. It is found that MWCNTs-S@PANI exhibits good cyclic stability and rate capability compared to MWCNTs-S as cathode of lithium-sulfur battery.
With the development of power source-integrated electronics, the miniaturization of high-voltage integrated micro-supercapacitors (IMSCs) with multiple innovative form factors is urgently required but remains unsolved. Here, we demonstrate a universal, cost-effective, industrially applicable protocol for fast and scalable fabrication of graphene-based planar IMSCs, with shape diversity, aesthetic versatility, outstanding flexibility and superior modularization. Using highly-conducting graphene ink, we directly screen-print shape-designable IMSCs in several seconds, consisting of hundreds to thousands of individual MSCs on arbitrary substrates. The resulting IMSCs are free of external metal current collectors and interconnects as well as separators, and exhibit exceptional electrical double-layer capacitive behaviors and remarkable flexibility. Notably, the output voltage and capacitance of IMSCs are readily adjustable through connection in well-defined arrangements of MSCs. As a proof of concept, a tandem energy storage pack of IMSCs with 130 MSCs can output a recorded voltage exceeding 100 V, demonstrative of superior modularization and performance uniformity.
Conducting polymer microcapacitors are fabricated by means of photolithography and electrochemical polymerization techniques. Gold or platinum microelectrode arrays are prepared by UV photolithography and a wet etching method. Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and poly-(3-phenylthiophene) (PPT) are synthesized potentiostatically on these microelectrodes. A microcapacitor is made up of 50 parallel-connected pairs of microelectrodes. The width of the microelectrodes and the distance between them are both 50μm. Three types of cell are constructed in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, and cell potentials between 0.6 and 1.4V can be obtained depending upon the type of conducting polymers and electrolytes. Cell capacitance can be controlled easily by the total synthesis charge of the conducting polymers.
State-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) define the amount of charge and rated capacity loss of a battery, respectively. In order to determine these two measures, open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance of the battery are indispensable parameters that are obtained with difficulty through direct measurement. The motivation of this study is to develop an online, simple, training-free, and easily implementable scheme that is capable of estimating such parameters, particularly for the lithium-ion battery in battery-powered vehicles. Based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM), the electrical performance of a battery can be formulated into state-space representation. Also, underdetermined model parameters can be arranged to appear linearly so that an adaptive control approach can be applied. An adaptation algorithm is developed by exploiting the Lyapunov-stability criteria. The OCV and internal resistance can be extracted exactly without limitations of a system input signal, such as persistent excitation (PE), enhancing the method applicability for vehicular power systems. In this study, both simulations and experiments are established to verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme.
Solid-state Li metal batteries represent one of the most promising rechargeable battery technologies. Here the authors report an exceptional high-performance prototype solid-state pouch cell made of a sulfide electrolyte, a high-Ni layered oxide cathode and, in particular, a silver–carbon composite anode with no excess Li.