batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The anhydrous proton conductor consisting of a polypeptide was prepared by the mixing of polyglutamic acid (poly(Glu)) and polyhistidine (poly(His)), which were synthesized by the polymerization of an amino acid with diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA). These polypeptide hybrid materials interacted between the carboxyl group of poly(Glu) and the imidazole group of poly(His) and produced the acid-base structure. As a result, these polypeptide hybrid materials showed a thermal stability at intermediate temperatures (≤ 200°C). Additionally, these hybrid materials indicated the proton conductivity of 1.4×10−4 S cm−1 at 180°C under anhydrous conditions. Furthermore, an activation energy of the proton conduction under anhydrous condition was 0.52–0.63eV, one order higher than that of the customary humidified perfluorinated membranes. These results suggested that the proton transfer of hybrid material occurred by the anhydrous proton conductive mechanism. Therefore, the polypeptide hybrid material may have the potential to be utilized as a novel proton conductor under anhydrous condition.
Photovoltaic (PV) energy has been identified as one of the main energy sources in transition from generation of electricity from non-renewable sources to renewable sources. In the Southern region of Brazil, despite the favorable conditions for implementation of distributed generation of photovoltaic energy, the installed capacity is much lower than the existing generation potential, evidencing the presence of factors that hinder the greater adoption and diffusion of this technology. Thus, this article identifies the panorama of distributed generation of photovoltaic energy and barriers that compromise its greater diffusion in the Southern region of Brazil, based on existing literature and qualitative interviews with professionals of the electricity sector. Results showed that this source of solar energy is expected to grow, but much remains to be done to consolidate it in the energy matrix, given the existence of technical, economic, social, managerial and political barriers. Among the main barriers identified are the poor quality of photovoltaic systems, the high cost of initial investment, the dependence on financing for purchase of solar panels, consumer culture, lack of knowledge about photovoltaic technology, the inefficient after-sales services, the dependence on imports of solar panels from China and lack of policies to encourage photovoltaic generation. The results of this study allow the understanding of the diffusion of the distributed generation of photovoltaic energy in countries of emerging economies or in regions where the implementation of PV systems is still incipient.
Over the past few decades, wireless technologies have revolutionized personal communications by improving flexibility and solving myriad logistical constraints. Recently, wireless sensor technologies have begun offering similar enhancements to communications between the scientist and the environment. This includes monitoring of civil structures and natural ecosystems. Although forest biology has benefited from novel technologies such as remote sensing and GIS, many ‘on the ground’ sensing technologies have not changed in many decades. What can wireless sensor networks offer the forest and agricultural scientist? We suggest at least three benefits: improved experimental design via flexible equipment deployment, improved monitoring access in logistically challenging environments (i.e. tall tree canopies) and increased density of observations for better validation of models and hypotheses. Here we briefly describe the current state of wireless environmental monitoring from an end-user point of view and report our initial attempts to adapt this cutting-edge technology to the realm of forest research.
Developing stable and advanced aqueous Ni-Zn battery for meeting the power-source demands of wearable electronics are highly desirable. Herein, a facile and effective approach is proposed to activate commercial Ni foil to form highly active Ni(OH)2 layer as robust cathode for Ni//Zn battery. In comparison to the pristine Ni foil, the capacity of the activated Ni foils is greatly enhanced, yielding a remarkable discharge capacity of 0.57 mAh cm−3 with excellent rate and cycling performances. When directly using the activated Ni foils as cathode, a high-performance Ni//Zn battery with a maximum volumetric energy density of 2.89 mWh cm−3 is achieved. More improtantly, this as-fabricated Ni//Zn battery also owns outstanding cyclic stability, without any capacity decay after 5000 cycles under various current densities.
Metal oxides with uniform mesoporous structure demonstrate great potential as high-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a three-dimensional δ-MnO2 nanostructure with ultralarge close-packed mesopores composed of nanoscale building crystals is synthesized on a large-scale through an energy- and time-efficient colloidal solution combustion synthesis method. Its unique structural features can accommodate large volumetric expansion/contraction during cycling, provide a shortened diffusion paths of lithium-ions, extensive contact area with electrolyte and suppress the pulverization and aggregation during charge/discharge cycles. As the anode of lithium-ion battery, δ-MnO2 shows a high lithium storage capacity of 905 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent cycling performance after 200 cycles at 1 A g−1 and rate capability. This economical method with its exceptional advantages can be extended to produce other functional materials with controlled mesoporous nanostructures for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
The MCCB is widely used in clinical trials of schizophrenia, but its relationship to occupational functioning still needs further elaboration. While previous research has indicated that various domains of neurocognition assessed by individual tests are related to work functioning, these reports preceded the development of the MCCB as the standard neurocognitive test battery in the field. In the current study, the vocational functioning of 131 Norwegian participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were enrolled in a vocational rehabilitation program were assessed on the Vocational Cognitive Rating Scale (VCRS), the Work Behavior Inventory (WBI), and the Complexity Scale (CS) as well as on the MCCB. Significant correlations were found between most MCCB domains and VCRS Total Score. MCCB processing speed and attention were most powerfully related to and predictive of WBI scores. When participants were divided into “low complexity” or “higher complexity” work categories, participants in the “low-complexity” group performed significantly worse than participants in the “higher-complexity” group regarding processing speed, working memory, visual learning and the composite score. The same pattern emerged for participants working sheltered compared to competitive jobs. The VCRS, WBI and CS may be useful in vocational rehabilitation. They bridge an important gap between test- and occupational-setting, providing valuable information about impairments related to occupational functioning. We found the MCCB to be sensitive to occupational functioning as measured by VCRS, WBI and CS, with neurocognition accounting for a small but significant proportion of the variance in these different measures of occupational functioning.
To overcome the problems faced by the preparation of high-performance LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C cathode material for commercial application in large scale, such as complicated procedures in the synthesis process and/or low volumetric energy density of nanometer-sized sample, herein, micro-agglomerated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C is prepared by a facile surfactant-assisted solid-state route. A composite carbon source and controllable pre-calcining process are used for achieving the homogenous carbon coating, interconnected pores and uniform particle size distribution. X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectrum, N2-adsorpotion-desorpotion, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis confirm the microstructure and accurate composition of the as-prepared samples. It is found that the composite source not only increases the homogeneity of the carbon coating layer and the pore-forming ability, but also contributes to inhibiting the size growth of the primary particles. Meanwhile, the suitable pre-calcining time can improve the specific surface area and optimize the carbon content and pore structure, and thus enhance the tap density of the as-prepared material. The typical LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C sample with carbon content of 3.50 wt% displays high reversible capacities and good rate capability, with discharge capacities of 155.0, 141.5 and 120.1 mA h g−1 at 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1), respectively. Furthermore, the sample exhibits superior cycling performance, with a capacity retention above 98% after 200 cycles at 1.0 and 5.0 C. As a result, this LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/C exhibits great potential as a cathode material for high power/energy lithium ion batteries because of its easy synthesis, high specific capacity, good rate capability and cycle stability.
The growth of orthorhombic vanadium pentoxide nanostructures was accomplished using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. These materials showed excellent electrochemical performance for magnesium-ion storage in an aqueous electrolyte; showing specific discharge capacities of up to 427 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 82% after 2000 scans under a high specific current of 5.9 A g−1. The high rate capability suggested good structural stability and high reversibility. We believe the development of low-cost and large-area coating methods, such as the technique used herein, will be essential for the upscalable fabrication of next-generation rechargeable battery technologies.
We report a novel nanoscale method for measuring the alternating current (AC) impedance of conducting polymer electrolyte films using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The use of a conductive AFM probe provides direct impedance measurements at localized sites allowing interfaces and surface areas the size of the cantilever tip to be examined. This proves useful in the examination of polymer electrolytes where conduction is known to be heterogeneous across the surface of the film. Using the AFM we are able to sequentially image the surface then measure the resistance across various regions of the surface. The localized nature of this technique allows clear differentiation between highly conductive amorphous regions and less conductive crystalline regions of the film. Direct comparison of these impedances is consistent with bulk polymer film measurements. The results show the AFM to be a powerful method for ac impedance measurements at the nanoscale.
The accurate estimation of internal parameters and state-of-charge (SoC) of battery, which greatly depends on proper models and corresponding high-efficiency, high-accuracy algorithms, is one of the critical issues for the battery management system. A model-based online estimation method of a LiFePO4 battery is presented for application in electric vehicles (EVs) by using an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm. The Thevenin equivalent circuit model is selected to model the LiFePO4 battery and its mathematics equations are deduced to some extent. Additionally, an implementation of the AEKF algorithm is elaborated and employed for the online parameters’ estimation of the LiFePO4 battery model. To illustrate advantages of the online parameters’ estimation, a comparison analysis is performed on the terminal voltages between the online estimation and the offline calculation under the Hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) test and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) test. Furthermore, an efficient online SoC estimation approach based on the online estimation result of open-circuit voltage (OCV) is proposed. The experimental results show that the online SoC estimation based on OCV–SoC can efficiently limit the error below 0.041.
We report a simple self-assembled synthesis of hierarchical CuO particles with various morphologies such as leaf, shuttle, flower, dandelion, and caddice clew. The morphologies can be easily tailored by adjusting the pH value. The synthesis is based on dehydration and re-crystallization of precursor Cu(OH)2 nanowires. [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and OH− in the solutions are considered as the key factors to influence the assembling manner of CuO. The obtained hierarchical CuO particles serve as a good model system for the study as anodes for lithium ion batteries. Various morphologies of CuO particles result in different electrochemical performances of electrodes. Compared to others, dandelion-like and caddice clew-like CuO exhibit reversible discharge capacities of 385mAhg−1 and 400mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 340mAhg−1 and 374mAhg−1 at 0.5C after 50 cycles, respectively. The higher discharge capacities and better cycling performances are attributed to their larger surface area and porosity, leading to better contact between CuO and electrolyte and shorter diffusion length of lithium ions.
Ni/Ni(OH)2@multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coaxial nanocable (NMCNC) film was fabricated by an easy and low cost one-step electrophoretic deposition approach. The formation mechanism was discussed in details. For comparison, MWCNT film and Ni/Ni(OH)2 film were also fabricated. Compared with its counterpart Ni/Ni(OH)2 film, the NMCNC film exhibited more homogeneous and nanoporous morphology, much larger surface area and thus better capacitive performance. The NMCNC film showed a high specific capacitance of 1642 F g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1. As the current was increased to 100 A g−1, the NMCNC film could retain a relatively high capacitance of 895 F g−1. After 1000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A g−1, the NMCNC film showed a capacitance retention rate of 81%. The excellent capacitive performance can be attributed to the structure advantages of the NMCNC film.
To estimate the accuracy of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in predicting postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, 46 patients aged more than 50years old were enrolled. We measured the patients’ cognitive function by using a battery of six neuropsychological tests before surgery and then 7days after surgery again. rSO2 was continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy during surgery. POCD was present in 9 (19.6%) patients 1week after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age [OR=1.224, P=0.035] and maximum percentage drop in rSO2 (rSO2%max) [OR=1.618, P=0.011] were significant risk factors for POCD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of rSO2%max was 0.833 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.615–1.051] at cutoff value of 11%. The specificity and sensitivity of rSO2%max >11% in predicting POCD were 77.8% and 86.5%, respectively. rSO2%max more than 11% was a potential predictor for POCD.
The integration of biomass gasification with SOFCs offers the potential of highly efficient and renewable power generation, primarily in modular solutions. SOFC seems to be the most promising fuel cell technology of biomass gasifier producer gases. Solid oxide fuel cells, because of their high operating temperature, do not require pure hydrogen as fuel, exhibiting high fuel flexibility. Sufficient amounts of cereal, cotton, corn, olive, coffee or palm tree residues are available in Mediterranean areas, while the climatic conditions are favorable for energy crops cultivations. Their residues can be utilized for electricity production by modular biomass gasification-based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).
Compression moulded films were obtained from PAA, PMAA, PAAm, PNDAAm and PVP radiation grafted ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powders. Mechanical properties and water-uptake of PVP and PNDAAm grafted UHMWPE were found to be distinctly better than PAA, PMAA and PAAm ones. The former group showed almost complete melting and flow during compression moulding compared with the latter group. Hence, the mechanical properties of this group were found to be better than the others. Important parameters affecting the film formation appeared as H-bonding ability and also the compatibility between grafting polymer and UHMWPE. Per cent water-uptake of films increase with the grafting level and approaches 30% at most for all types of films except PMAA one. High per cent water-uptake results of PAA and PAAm cases should be taken cautiously due to incomplete flowing during compression in film preparation. SEM analysis revealed incomplete melting and flow for the case of PAA, PMAA and PAAm-co-UHMWPE resulting in pores and holes in the final films while homogeneous films were obtained for the case of PVP and PNDAAm.
Objective Idiopathic epilepsies are considered to have relatively good prognoses and normal or near normal developmental outcomes. Nevertheless, accumulating studies demonstrate memory and psychosocial deficits in this population, and the prevalence, severity and relationships between these domains are still not well defined. We aimed to assess memory, psychosocial function, and the relationships between these two domains among children with idiopathic epilepsy syndromes using an extended neuropsychological battery and psychosocial questionnaires. Methods Cognitive abilities, neuropsychological performance, and socioemotional behavior of 33 early adolescent children, diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy, ages 9–14years, were assessed and compared with 27 age- and education-matched healthy controls. Results Compared to controls, patients with stabilized idiopathic epilepsy exhibited higher risks for short-term memory deficits (auditory verbal and visual) (p<0.0001), working memory deficits (p<0.003), auditory verbal long-term memory deficits (p<0.0021), and more frequent psychosocial symptoms (p<0.0001). The severity of auditory verbal memory deficits was related to severity of psychosocial symptoms among the children with epilepsy but not in the healthy controls. Significance Results suggest that deficient auditory verbal memory may be compromising psychosocial functioning in children with idiopathic epilepsy, possibly underscoring that cognitive variables, such as auditory verbal memory, should be assessed and treated in this population to prevent secondary symptoms.
Due to an increased focus on erosive tooth wear (ETW), the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) considered ETW as a relevant topic for generating this consensus report.
This work reports an electrochemical investigation of a Sn–Co–C ternary electrode which supposedly is similar to that adopted in a new lithium-ion commercial battery. The electrode, obtained by mechanical-milling of Sn, Co and C (graphite), and having the Sn31Co28C41 composition, shows very promising electrochemical characteristics both in terms of specific capacity and rate. The practical relevance of this electrode is demonstrated by using it as anode in a new type of lithium-ion battery which cycles with a good capacity and with a high coulombic efficiency.
As advanced dielectric materials for the applications in electronics and electrical power systems with the ever-increasing requirements, the polymer-based dielectric nano-composites are brilliantly emerging. However, there are long standing challenges of the unsatisfactory electric breakdown strength and the heat accumulation induced by dielectric loss of composite. In this study, we propose an artificial nano-composite with excellent comprehensive performance by controlling the orientation of one-dimensional (1D) 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 nanofibers (BZCT NFs) and adjusting the interaction between BZCT NFs and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix via SiO2 buffer layer. Remarkably, PVDF nano-composite with only 3 vol% aligned BZCT NFs coated by SiO2 (BZCT@SiO2 NFs, 3 vol% Aligned BZCT@SiO2-PVDF) possesses an impressive energy storage performance, including the superior Weibull characteristic breakdown strength (E b) of ~576 kV/mm and the ultrahigh discharged energy density (U e) of ~18.9 J/cm3. Meanwhile, the temperature distribution in this typical composite is more homogeneous according to the test and simulation results. This demonstrated work not only opens a new door to preparing an excellent performance of polymer-based dielectric nano-composites, but also points out a route to the industrialization of energy storage dielectrics.
We have developed a lithium ion cell using an aluminum-laminated sheet casing for its container, and we estimated the reliability of the heat-sealing for the casing and the life characteristic for the cell. The tensile strength of the heat-sealed margin soaked in electrolyte solvent was found to fade in proportion to square root of the soaking time. The weight loss of dummy cells was in proportion to the storage time, which implies that the solvent molecules diffuse through the aluminum-laminated sheet, namely in the layer of polypropylene resin which heat-sealed the cell. The specific energy for the prototype cell with capacity of 2Ah was 57Whkg−1, which was 30% higher than that of our previous cylindrical can-type cell with capacity of 3.6Ah. The specific power was 3800Wkg−1 at 25°C, which was 25% higher than that of our previous cell. These results indicate that the mass reduction by introducing the aluminum-laminated casing enhanced the specific energy and power effectively without any loss of reliability or life characteristics.
A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on a model LiCoO2 electrode was analyzed by the ultra-soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The data of Li K-, B K-, C K-, O K-, and Co L-edges spectra for the SEI film on the electrode were collected using three detection methods with different probing depths. The electrode was prepared by a pulsed laser deposition method. All the spectral data consistently indicated that the SEI film containing lithium carbonate was instantly formed just after the soak of the electrode into the electrolyte solution and that it decomposed during the repeated charge–discharge reactions. The decomposition of the SEI film seems to cause the deterioration in lithium ion battery cycle performance. By adding lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) to the electrolyte the decomposition could be suppressed leading to longer cycle life. It was found that some of the Co ions at the electrode surface were reduced to Co(II) during the charge–discharge reactions and this reaction could also be suppressed by the addition of LiBOB.
The topic of quantum chaos has begun to draw increasing attention in recent years. While a satisfactory definition for it is not settled yet in order to differentiate between its classical counterparts. Dissipative quantum maps can be characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, like classical maps. Considering this property, an implementation of image encryption scheme based on the quantum logistic map is proposed. The security and performance analysis of the proposed image encryption is performed using well-known methods. The results of the reliability analysis are encouraging and it can be concluded that, the proposed scheme is efficient and secure. The results of this study also suggest application of other quantum maps such as quantum standard map and quantum baker map in cryptography and other aspects of security and privacy.
LiFePO4/C composite materials have been synthesized from a low cost Fe2O3 precursor by a hydrothermal method to make LiFePO4(OH) in a first step followed by a fast calcination and carbon coating. This method combines the advantages of both hydrothermal and solid state synthetic methods. The as-prepared LiFePO4/C provides enhanced discharge capacity and cycling stability compared to LiFePO4 synthesized using a solid state method with the same precursors. Thus, the method to be described herein is a promising option in the search to reduce the cost of large-scale synthesis of LiFePO4/C for use in lithium-ion batteries, while maintaining adequate electrochemical performance.