batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Eco-efficient and renewable organic electrodes are considered to be a promising alternative for upcoming large-scale applications of low-cost energy storage systems. Here we report that cost-effective and green sodium humate (Na2HA) with non-conjugated carboxylate groups, can serve as a highly reversible anode material for sodium-organic batteries. Functionalized by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), the hybrid electrode delivers a highly reversible discharge capacity of 133 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1, achieving a capacity retention of 91.6% over 2000 cycles. The Na-cycling mechanism in Na2HA is proposed. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the low energy barriers for Na-ion insertion/extraction in Na2HA facilitate the charge transfer. Such findings may offer new possibilities for designing and enlarging eco-efficient and renewable organic compounds for sodium-organic batteries.
A novel polymeric electrolyte system has been developed using oligo(ethylene oxide)-grafted polymethacrylate matrix and linear polyether which dissolves magnesium salts. Thermal analyses showed that the obtained polymeric electrolytes have homogeneous and amorphous phases over a wide temperature range. The ionic structure of the polymeric system was examined by Raman spectroscopy. The ionic conductance behavior of the polymeric electrolyte was investigated as solid Mg2+-ion conductors. The conductivity depended mostly on the kind of the dissolved magnesium salt. The highest conductivity was obtained for the polymeric electrolytes containing Mg[(CF3SO3)2N]2 (about 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature). Addition of dimethyl formamide as a complex-forming liquid component in the polymeric electrolyte system enhanced the ionic conductivity. The dc polarization of an Mg/Mg cell using the polymeric electrolyte proved that Mg2+ is mobile in the present polymeric system.
Fuel cell- and battery-based public bus technologies are reviewed and compared for application in tropical urban areas. This paper scrutinizes the reported literature on fuel cell bus, fuel cell electric bus, battery electric bus, hybrid electric bus, internal combustion diesel bus and compressed natural gas bus. The comparison includes the capital and operating costs, fuel consumption and fuel cycle emissions. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first study to holistically compare hydrogen and battery powered buses, which is the original contribution of this paper. Moreover, this is the first study to focus on supplying hydrogen and electricity from fossil resources, while including the associated emissions. The study shows that compressed natural gas and hybrid electric buses appear to be the cheapest options in terms of total cost of ownership, but they are unable to meet the EURO VI emissions' standard requirement. Only fuel cell based buses have the potential to achieve the emissions' standard when the fuel cycle based on fossil energy was considered. Fuel cell electric buses are identified as a technology allowing for the largest CO2 emission reduction, making ∼61% decrease in annual emissions possible.
The involvement of the central nervous system is not rare in rheumatoid diseases. Even though children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may face academic difficulties until adulthood, very few studies have evaluated potential cognitive disorders in these patients. The present research aims to thoroughly investigate the cognitive and neuropsychological functioning of these patients.
Methylene blue was immobilized on 304L stainless steel to investigate a potential cost-effective, durable, and high performance composite electrode for use with microbial applications, such as bio-batteries and microbial fuel cells. The composite electrodes were tested in dual-chamber bio-batteries with pure cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 or Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and the results were compared to those obtained using bare graphite electrodes. The maximum power generated using the composite electrodes was 39.35 mW m−2 in bio-batteries using E. coli K-12, and 60.05 mW m−2 in bio-batteries using S. oneidensis MR-1. Compared to graphite electrodes, the bio-batteries using composite electrodes showed a 6- and 2.5-fold increase in the maximum power density, using pure cultures of E. coli K-12 and S. oneidensis MR-1, respectively. The composite electrodes did not inhibit bacterial growth in the bio-batteries and were shown to improve performance (both in terms of power output and current density) over conventional graphite electrodes.
Nitrogen-doped porous hollow carbon spheres were fabricated via hydrothermal pre-carbonization and pyrolysis carbonization using yeast cell templates. After that, the MnO2 nanowires were deposited by the in-situ hydrothermal reaction. By controlling the reaction concentration, various MnO2 nanostructures with different morphologies and electrochemical properties were obtained. The as-prepared sample exhibited an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 255 F g-1 at a current density 1 A g-1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The MnO2/HCS-30 material was used as the positive electrode, and the HCS was used as the negative electrode to assemble the asymmetric supercapacitor. The maximum energy density operating at the 2.0 V voltage window is 41.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1 and still maintains 23.0 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 7901 W kg−1. Moreover, it displayed excellent cycle stability, retained approximately 93.9% of the capacitance after 5000 cycles. This work innovatively combines biomass and energy, provides an environmentally benign strategy and new insights for the preparation of electrode materials.
We propose novel composite (hybrid) organic/inorganic systems that can be fabricated as thin and moderately thick (μm level) films on electrode surfaces. During electrodeposition by potential cycling alternate layers of polyanilne and metal hexacyanoferrate are produced. Polyaniline can serve as a robust, conductive, matrix for such polynuclear mixed-valence inorganic redox centers as nickel(II)hexacyanoferrate(III,II). Due to the existence of electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged metal hexacyanoferrate and the positively charge polyaniline (partially oxidized), the composite material cannot be considered as a simple mixture of nickel hexacyanoferrate and the conducting polymer. It comes from atomic force microscopic studies that the morphology of the composite film is granular, but its structure is fairly dense. The fact, that the formal potential of nickel hexacyanoferrate redox process lies in the potential range where polyaniline is conductive, allows the system to operate reversibly and reproducibly in acid electrolytes containing potassium cations. The whole concept may lead to the fabrication of composite (hybrid) films that are capable of effective accumulation of charge and show high current densities at electrochemical interfaces.
We prepared 3 protic ionic liquids based on trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and an amide, namely isobutyramide (ITSA), n-butyramide(NTSA), and benzamide(BTSA). All of the protic ionic liquids exhibit excellent thermal stability (above 200°C). ITSA has the highest ionic conductivity, which is 32.6mS/cm at 150°C. ITSA was used to prepare anhydrous, conducting composite membranes based on polymers of polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF) to serve as intermediate temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This type of composite membrane possesses good thermal stability, high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties. Increasing the polymer content leads to the improvement of mechanical properties, but is accompanied by a reduction in ionic conductivity. We made efforts to eliminate the trade-off between strength and conductivity of the ITSA/PVDF composite membrane by adding polyamide imide, which resulted in a simultaneous increase in strength and conductivity. A conductivity of 7.5mS/cm is achieved in a membrane containing 60wt.% ITSA and 5wt.% PAI in PVDF at 150°C.
Nanotubes were coated on the surface of active LiCoO2 particles using electrostatic heterocoagulation to enhance the electrochemical properties of a Li-ion battery. Only 0.5wt% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was added as a conducting agent into the LiCoO2 cathode, which had a density of 4.0gcm−3. We found that our electrode that was prepared using heterocoagulation with 0.5wt% of thin MWCNTs maintained a volumetric capacitance of 403mAhcm−1 after 40 cycles from the initial 624mAhcm−1, compared with previous result of 310mAhcm−1 obtained from simple mixing with 3wt% MWCNTs. The high volumetric capacity with smaller swelling using less amount of MWCNTs was attributed to the self-assembled nanotube network formed between active particles during coagulation, which was maintained with volume expansion during cycle testing.
Graphene, exhibiting superior mechanical, thermal, optical and electronic properties, has attracted great interest. Anodic exfoliation of graphite has emerged as an attractive method to access graphene nanosheets in large quantities. In this work, electrochemical exfoliation used to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) flakes in different aqueous electrolytes with various concentrations and voltages is reported. The prepared GO powders were subjected to different characterizations and (NH4)2SO4 was found the best suited starting material for preparation of graphene thin films. The exfoliated graphene sheets exhibited lateral size of about 2 μm and contained only a few graphene layers. The graphene powder was spin-coated on glass substrates under different conditions such as graphene suspension concentration, spin time and speed. Then the electrical and optical properties of the prepared samples were studied as functions of chemical reduction and combination of chemical and thermal reduction treatments. It was noted that applying the later treatment, resulted in optimal graphene films with high transmittance of 73% and low sheet resistance of 22.31 kΩ/sq.
One of the most important aspects in battery management systems (BMS) in electric vehicles is the state of charge (SOC) estimation. SOC needs to be accurately determined for safety and performance reasons but cannot be measured directly due to the flatness and hysteresis of the open circuit voltage (OCV) curve of Lithium-ion chemistries as LiFePO4. The classical approach of current integration (Coulomb counting) cannot solve the problems of accumulative error and inaccurate initial values, thus advanced estimation algorithms are applied to determine the sate of charge. In this work, three model-based state observer designs including Luenberger observer, Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Sigma Point Kalman Filter (SPKF) are carried out and studied. These estimation approaches are verified using measurement data acquired from commercial LiFePO4 cells. In addition, computational tests analyze the systems performances in terms of tracking accuracy, estimation robustness against temperature uncertainty, sensor drift, and convergence behavior with an initial SOC offset.
Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the global rising problems in developing countries like India and developed countries. E-waste comprises material that is valuable as well as toxic and has shoddier health and environment impact. This review paper presents an overview of global e-waste stats, health concerns of e-waste components along with the waste management, recycling, legislative polices and recommendations related to e-waste. Existing and future initiatives of e-waste management have been addressed by explaining the developed countries initiatives towards e-waste management. The key to success in terms of e-waste management such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) initiatives have been presented in a lucid manner. E-waste arena is a platform for business initiative for energy production (hydrogen and electricity) and precise metal recovery (gold, silver and platinum) through biotechnological approaches.
Enabling the reversible lithium metal electrode is essential for surpassing the energy content of today’s lithium-ion cells. Although lithium metal cells for niche applications have been developed already, efforts are underway to create rechargeable lithium metal batteries that can significantly advance vehicle electrification and grid energy storage. In this Perspective, we focus on three tasks to guide and further advance the reversible lithium metal electrode. First, we summarize the state of research and commercial efforts in terms of four key performance parameters, and identify additional performance parameters of interest. We then advocate for the use of limited lithium (≤30 μm) to ensure early identification of technical challenges associated with stable and dendrite-free cycling and a more rapid transition to commercially relevant designs. Finally, we provide a cost target and outline material costs and manufacturing methods that could allow lithium metal cells to reach 100 US$ kWh–1.
Construction of porous form of 3D flower-like nanoarchitectures with controlled morphologies has drawn a considerable interest by scientists in energy storage research field owing to their distinct structural features. Herein, we synthesize 3D flower-like NiMn2O4 nanoarchitectures by an eco-friendly silicon-oil bath strategy via ethylene glycol as an intermediate solvent and subsequent post-calcination in air atmosphere. The obtained various morphologies-based electrode materials result in the dominant battery-like electrochemical behavior. Interestingly, the 3D flower-like NiMn2O4 nanoarchitectures shows a large surface area of 122.8 m2 g−1 which can endow more electroactive sites in electrochemical analysis and exhibit a high specific capacity ~223 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 with good cycling stability. This is mainly due to the synergistic behavior of unique 3D flower-like morphology and the porous nanosheets on its surface. Furthermore, a pouch-like hybrid supercapacitor is designed and it delivers a high energy density of 46.4 Wh Kg−1 and power density of 5720 W kg−1. And, it is also demonstrating for its practical usage. Consequently, the proposing synthesis strategy in this report can be a promising facile wet-chemical approach to synthesize the controlled hollow or core-shell structures for energy storage device applications.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common, poorly understood, and potentially disabling chronic pain conditions from which older adults suffer. Many older adults remain quite functional despite CLBP, and because age-related comorbidities often exist independently of pain (e.g., medical illnesses, sleep disturbance, mobility difficulty), the unique impact of CLBP is unknown. We conducted this research to identify the multidimensional factors that distinguish independent community dwelling older adults with CLBP from those that are pain-free. Three hundred twenty cognitively intact participants (162 with ⩾moderate pain for ⩾3 months, and 158 pain-free) underwent comprehensive assessment of pain severity, medical comorbidity (illnesses, body mass index, medications), severity of degenerative disc and facet disease, lumbar flexion, psychological constructs (self-efficacy, mood, overall mental health), and self-reported as well as performance-based physical function. Significant differences were ascertained for all 22 measures. Discriminant function analysis revealed that eight measures uniquely maximized the separation between the two groups (self-reported function with the Functional Status Index and the SF-36, performance-based function with repetitive trunk rotation and functional reach, mood with the Geriatric Depression Scale, comorbidity with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale and BMI, and severity of degenerative disc disease). These results should help to guide investigators that perform studies of CLBP in older adults and practitioners that want an easily adaptable battery for use in clinical settings.
ABSTRACT Photoelectrochemical devices for the conversion of sunlight into electricity are experiencing a period of fervour due to the use of new solid-state materials capable of ensuring a durability higher than that of liquid electrolytes-based cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently contending for the role of leader in the field of third-generation photovoltaic technologies. In particular, such success is attributed to the introduction of polymer electrolytes and perovskites, which have recently contributed to obtaining high conversion efficiencies. This review summarizes the most important results in this field and the strategies developed to maximize DSSCs and PSCs performance. In addition, limitations and disadvantages of polymer electrolytes and perovskites are presented, together with possible strategies aimed at improving the photovoltaic efficiency, reducing the cost and limiting the use of toxic and rare materials.
In this work, lanthanide oxysulfide/oxysulfate compounds, denominated as an oxygen storage and release system, have been synthesized from the anode electrodes of spent Ni-MH batteries. The rare earth metals have recovered by means of chemical precipitation as a mixture of La2(SO4)3, Ce2(SO4)3, and Nd2(SO4)3. The synthesis of (La·Nd)O2S·CeO2 have been carried out by subjecting a mixture of La2(SO4)3, Ce2(SO4)3, and Nd2(SO4)3 to a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere up to 1000 °C. The (La·Nd)O2SO4·CeO2 compounds have been obtained after thermal treatment of (La·Nd)O2S·CeO2 in a synthetic air atmosphere. The oxysulfide/oxysulfate compounds have been subjected to thermal cycles, respectively, in synthetic air as well as in an N2–CO atmosphere. The thermogravimetric plot (TG) for (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2 shows a mass gain of 14.98% w/w in a temperature range of 300–550 °C, which is due to the oxidation of (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2 to (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2, where 2 mol of O2 are added. Likewise, in the (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2 thermogravimetric plot, a mass loss of 17.16% w/w is observed in the range of 500–750 °C. This loss of mass can be associated with output of 2 mol of O2 forming again the (La·Nd)2O2S·CeO2. The transformation of the (La·Nd)2·O2S·CeO2 to (La·Nd)2O2SO4CeO2 causes an increase in the macropores.
The negative plates of lead-acid batteries subjected to partial-state-of-charge (PSOC) operation fail because of the development of an electrically inert film of lead sulfate on their surfaces. It has been found that carbon additives to the negative active material can significantly increase their cycle life in this type of operation. In this paper we show that various types of carbon, including graphite, carbon black eliminate the surface development of lead sulfate and that, in their presence, the lead sulfate becomes homogeneously distributed throughout the active material. Examination of active material by energy dispersive spectroscopy after extensive cycling shows that lead formed during charge of lead sulfate preferentially deposits on the carbon particles that have been embedded in the active material. Electrochemical studies have been carried out on a number of types of carbon additives having a wide range of properties. These included flake, expanded and synthetic graphite, isotropically graphitized carbon, carbon black and activated carbon. We have investigated their effect on the resistivity and surface areas of the negative active material and also on such electrochemical properties as active material utilization and cycle life. Most of the carbon additives increase the utilization of the active material and impressive increases in cycle life have been obtained with over 6000 capacity turnovers having been achieved. However, at this time, we have not been able to correlate either the type or the properties of the carbon with capacity or cycle life. Further work is needed in this area. The increases that have been achieved in cycle life provide evidence that the lead-acid battery is a viable low cost option for hybrid-electric vehicle use.
The first-cycle irreversibility of Li1.048(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.952O2 (LiMO2) cathode material in lithium and lithium-ion cells has been studied using galvanostatic cycling and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The so-called “lost capacity” of a Li/LiMO2 cell observed during initial cycle in conventional voltage ranges (e.g., 3.0–4.3 V) could be completely recovered by discharging the cell to low voltages (<2V). During the deep discharge, the lithium cell exhibited an additional voltage plateau, which is believed to result from the formation of Li2MO2-like phase on the oxide particle surface due to very sluggish lithium diffusion in Li1−Δ MO2 with Δ →0 (i.e., near the end of discharge). Voltage relaxation curve and in situ X-ray diffraction patterns, measured during relaxation of the lithium cell after deep discharge to obtain 100% cycle efficiency, suggested that the oxide cathode returned to its original state after the following two-step relaxation processes: relatively quick disappearance of the Li2MO2-like phase on the particle surface, followed by slow lithium diffusion in the layered structure. Experiments conducted in Li4Ti5O12/LiMO2 lithium-ion cells confirmed that the physical loss of lithium (via surface film formation or parasitic electrochemical reactions, etc.) from LiMO2 was negligible up to an oxide voltage of 4.3V vs. Li+/Li.
Although dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvent has been widely researched in rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, high polarization voltage and low rate capability limited its application. In this work, we reported a DMSO-based electrolyte system by adding N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) to adjust its physical and electrochemical properties. The ionic conductivity, viscosity, oxygen solubility and diffusion coefficient of the mixed electrolytes as well as their electrochemical performance in Li-O2 batteries are researched. The electrochemical tests show that the optimized DMSO/DMA volume ratio is 30 to 70 based on the rate performance and polarization voltage of the cell. Compared with that of the pure DMSO-based electrolyte, the cell with the mixed electrolyte shows improved rate capability and reduced charge-discharge over-potential. When increasing current density from 0.2 to 0.5mAcm−2, the capability retention improves from 32% to 59%. Meanwhile, the charge-discharge voltage gap drops from 1.4V to 0.9V at a current density of 0.2mAcm−2. The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to low viscosity, high oxygen solubility and diffusion coefficient as well as the low charge-transfer resistance with the mixed electrolyte.
Alumina micro-spheres with mesoporous structure called porous aluminium oxide (POA) were prepared through a hydrothermal method using Al2(SO4)3·18H2O followed by a thermal decomposition process. Silver nanocomposites of POA (Ag/POAs) with high biochemical activity were synthesized by sorption of silver nanoparticles in the matrix of POA. Synthesis of Ag/POAs using photochemical reduction enables the producing silver nanoparticles preventing their aggregation. Ag/POAs demonstrated a stronger bactericidal activity than POA. The colony-forming ability of Escherichia coli was completely lost in 1 day on Ag/POAs at silver nanoparticles concentration of 0.241 ppm. Staphylococcus epidermidis displayed higher tolerance to Ag/POAs at all silver nanoparticles concentrations, the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis was stopped at concentration of 0.374 ppm. The bactericidal activity of Ag/POAs against bacteria in drinking water was found to be highly effective, the growth of bacteria was completely lost in 1 day at silver nanoparticles concentration of 0.108 ppm.