batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex clinical syndrome, elements of which remain poorly understood. Although recognized over 140 years ago when Kaposi recorded the systemic nature and manifestations of the disease, CNS involvement represents one of the least understood aspects of SLE. This knowledge gap remains despite the fact that up to 75% of adults and children with SLE will, at some point over the course of the disease and to different extents, experience the various disabling effects of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). Indeed, after decades of research, our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of NPSLE, in particular, remains limited. Numerous factors contribute to the immune dysfunction that occurs in SLE, including genetic, environmental and hormonal influences, and the contributory or predisposing components that lead to neurological tropism of disease in some patients have not been clearly demonstrated. Features of NPSLE pathogenesis that might be directly linked to clinical manifestations have been identified; however, the complexity and variety of NPSLE symptoms and the clinical overlap with other psychiatric disorders continue to make accurate diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. Thus, efforts to define biomarkers of NPSLE are needed to improve prediction of disease outcomes and guide treatment. In this article, we review the manifestation and pathogenesis of NPSLE, focusing on the features that might aid identification of potential biomarkers.
Poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) (copolymer) with nanostructured network has been synthesized in the presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid, using repeated potential cycling between −0.10 and 0.86V (versus SCE). The sizes of the fibers in the nanostructures can be controlled by the number of the cycles during copolymerization. The presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid possessing a larger molecular size with positive charges is favorable for the formation of nanostructures. The SEM images reveal a fact that the copolymer films synthesized under different cycles are constructed of interwoven fibers with average diameters in a range of 70–107nm. The copolymer with the nanostructured network deposited on a platinum foil offers a convenient way to study directly the electrochemical property of nanostructures and can effectively catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the Na2SO4 solution with pH 5.0. It was found that the electrochemical oxidation of catechol was affected by the sizes of the copolymer fibers. Evidence is that its anodic peak potential increases with increasing the diameter of the fibers in the nanostructures. The copolymer synthesized in the presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid has a good electrochemical activity at pH≤9.0, a larger usable potential window and faster electron transfer ability compared with the copolymer synthesized in the absence of ferrocenesulfonic acid.
The lattice doping has been widely used to improve the electrochemical performances of Li-rich cathode materials but the roles of the introduced foreign atoms are still not very clear. Herein, a series of Li2Ru1- x Ti x O3 solid solutions have been synthesized and the roles of Ti doping on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li2RuO3 have been comprehensively investigated. The Rietveld refinement exhibits that the interlayer spacing gradually shortens with increasing Ti content. This shrinkage is favorable to the layered structure stability but increases the lithium diffusion barrier. Galvanostatic measurements show that Li2Ru0.8Ti0.2O3 possesses the best cyclability with 196.9 and 196.1 mAh g−1 for charge and discharge capacity retaining after 90 cycles, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry scanning indicates that Ti dopant promotes the formation of more peroxo- or superoxo-like species but reduces the initial coulumbic efficiency. Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy display that Ti doping reduces the charge transfer impedance, which facilitates the lithium-ion diffusion across the electrolyte-electrode interface and improves the electronic conductivity. Li2Ru0.8Ti0.2O3 exhibits the best electrochemical performance owing to the balance among all the factors discussed above. This study also offers some new insights into optimizing the electrochemical performances of Li-rich cathode materials through the lattice doping.
A simple and fast technique to grow free standing, open ended germanium nanotubes is demonstrated using template assisted electrodeposition from a room temperature ionic liquid. Germanium nanotubes as long as 2μm could be grown using this technique. We also show the possibility for the growth of core-shell structures. The technique demonstrated is not limited to the growth of Ge, but can be extended to grow other semiconductor nanotubes and core-shell structures.
Purpose SM-88 (D,L-alpha-metyrosine; racemetyrosine) is a novel anti-cancer agent, used with melanin, phenytoin, and sirolimus (SMK Therapy). This pilot first-in-human study characterized the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SMK Therapy in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer. Methods All subjects (n = 30) received SMK Therapy for an initial 6 week Cycle (5 days on, 2 off per week) and continued if well tolerated. Safety signals, clinical response, overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), and quality of life changes were assessed. Results The most common drug related adverse events were hyperpigmentation and rash. All drug related adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. Following treatment with SMK Therapy, 4 subjects achieved complete response, 6 partial response, and 17 stable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (total clinical benefit 90%). Responses were observed within 6 weeks, and continued to improve, with 3 complete and 3 partial responders achieving best response after at least 3.2 months. Durable stable disease was observed, lasting a median duration of 11 months (range 1–31 months). Median overall survival for all subjects was 29.8 months, and median PFS was 13 months. Following 6 weeks of treatment, most (83.3%) subjects showed an improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and an improvement in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ 30) global health status (baseline 61.2 ± 25.0; end of Cycle 1 80.7 ± 14.7; n = 29; p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study support continued development of SM-88.
Primary Na/MnO2 cells are expected to gain importance for replacement of primary Li/MnO2 cells in future akin to the Na-ion cells as alternative for Li-ion cells. Amorphous MnO2 is prepared by a drop-wise addition of KMnO4 solution to MnSO4 solution, and coin cells of Na/MnO2 are fabricated in a non-aqueous electrolyte of Na salt. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data provides a high resistance of Na metal due to the surface passive film. On subjecting the cell for discharge, the surface film causes a delay response of the cell voltage and the closed circuit voltage reaches the normal discharge level following dielectric breakdown of the film. The EIS data measured at different stages of cell discharge are subjected to non-linear least square fitting with the aid of an appropriate equivalent circuit. The impedance parameters are examined to throw light on state-of-charge of Na/MnO2 primary cells.
Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) based on TiO2 film photoanode incorporated with different amounts of graphene are fabricated and their photovoltaic performances are investigated. The results show that the CdS QDSSC incorporating 0.8wt.% graphene in TiO2 photoanode demonstrates a maximum power conversion efficiency of 1.44%, 56% higher than that without graphene. The performance improvement is ascribed to the increased CdS adsorption, the reduction of electron recombination and back-transport reaction as well as the enhancement of electron transport with the introduction of graphene.
Background Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been significantly associated with poor clinical and social outcomes in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients, but an association with cognitive outcomes has not been clearly established. Method Seventy-seven consecutively admitted, drug-naïve patients with FEP were assessed at baseline and at 1month and 6months. Underlying dimensions of DUP (general prodrome and positive, negative and disorganisation symptoms) were assessed using the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia (SOS) inventory (Perkins et al., 2000). To assess the effect of DUP on the neuropsychological status of the patients, a linear mixed-effect model was fitted to each neuropsychological dimension. These models included a dichotomised version of DUP (short versus long duration) as a fixed effect, several adjusting variables to account for patient differences, and a random effect to incorporate the longitudinal structure of the data. Results Patients with a short duration of untreated negative symptoms (DUNS) or a short duration of untreated positive symptoms (DUPS) outperformed patients with a long duration of untreated symptoms on memory tasks and a pre-attentional visual task but not on measures of verbal fluency, attention, reaction time, visual processing and executive functions. Conclusions This study provides additional support for an early intervention to shorten DUP to facilitate a better outcome in memory and attentional domains of FEP patients.
Storage and management of energy is becoming a more and more important problem every day, especially for electric and hybrid vehicle applications. Li-ion battery is one of the most important technological alternatives for high capacity energy storage and related industrial applications. State of Health (SoH) of Li-ion batteries plays a critical role in their deployment from economic, safety, and availability aspects. Most, if not all, of the studies related to SoH estimation focus on the measurement of a new parameter/physical phenomena related to SoH, or development of new statistical/computational methods using several parameters. This paper presents a new approach for SoH estimation for Li-ion battery systems with multiple battery cells: The main idea is a new circuit topology which enables separation of battery cells into two groups, main and test batteries, whenever a SoH related measurement is to be conducted. All battery cells will be connected to the main battery during the normal mode of operation. When a measurement is needed for SoH estimation, some of the cells will be separated from the main battery, and SoH estimation related measurements will be performed on these units. Compared to classical SoH measurement methods which deal with whole battery system, the proposed method estimates the SoH of the system by separating a small but representative set of cells. While SoH measurements are conducted on these isolated cells, remaining cells in the main battery continue to function in normal mode, albeit in slightly reduced performance levels. Preliminary experimental results are quite promising, and validate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Technical details of the proposed circuit architecture are also summarized in the paper.
Copper silicide-coated graphite as an anode material was prepared by the sequential employments of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) method at 300°C. The silicon-coated graphite exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 540mAh/g with 76% coulomb efficiency, and the discharge capacity was sharply decreased down to 50% of initial capacity after 30 cycles, probably due to large volume changes during the charge–discharge cycling. Copper silicide-coated graphite, however, exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 480mAh/g with higher retention capacity of 87% even after 30 cycles, probably due to the enhanced interfacial conductivity. The copper silicide film on the graphite surface played as the active anode material of lithium secondary batteries via the reduction of interfacial resistance and mitigation of volume changes during repeated cycles.
Increased propensity for dendritic lithium electrodeposition during sub-ambient temperature operation has been widely reported in lithium battery systems, yet is not fully understood. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed to quantify the dendritic growth rate during lithium electrodeposition at sub-ambient temperature. This model builds on a diffusion–reaction framework presented recently by Akolkar [J. Power Sources 232 (2013) 23–28]. Using a steady-state diffusion model with a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient, the lithium-ion concentration depletion in the stagnant Nernst diffusion boundary layer near the lithium surface is modeled. A surface electrochemical reaction model is then employed to correlate the lithium concentration depletion to the dendrite growth rate. Temperature effects on the lithium-ion transport and its electrochemical surface reaction are incorporated in the model via an Arrhenius-type temperature-dependence of the diffusion coefficient and the apparent charge transfer coefficient. It is shown that lowering the system temperature has the effect of increasing the lithium-ion diffusion resistance and decreasing the surface film thickness – conditions favorable for the formation of dendrites during lithium electrodeposition.
A pair of polychotomous random variables (Y1,Y2)⊤=:Y
Polychotomous ordinal data arise in many areas of statistical analysis and are particularly frequent in surveys and observational studies. Several questions may be asked to measure people’s feelings on a matter of interest, as well as some relevant information reported on a monotonic scale. Examples include individuals’ perceived social class or their educational attainments. Since it is usually acknowledged that these types of data possess levels that can be “naturally” ordered, it is desirable to account for this feature in the model’s representation and estimation. Specific methodologies were developed to address this issue, starting from the seminal works of Aitchison and Silvey (1957) and Snell (1964), up to their modern forms of the cumulative link models (CLM; McCullagh 1980) in which ordinal responses are expressed within the wider class of generalized linear models (GLMs; Nelder and Wedderburn 1972). An interesting historical review discussing merits (and limits) of each of the above contributions can be found in the monograph of Greene and Hensher (2010).
Promoting oxygen reduction and evolution reactions using effective catalysts hold broad significance for clean energy utilization. In this work, hollow N-doped carbon networks (N-CNs) were fabricated via interfacial dehalogenation of polyvinyl dichloride (PVDC) on 2D CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) with the presence of N source and used as efficient bifunctional catalysts. BET results revealed that as-made N-CNs had very large specific surface area (SSA, 550.4m2 g−1 for 900°C-annealed N-CN (N-CN9)) and abundant pore hierarchy. Additionally, interconnected graphitic carbon walls, forming separated cells, can ensure high electrical conductivity, which were formed after acid-leaching of metallic components. Remarkably, N-CN9 showed excellent bifunctional activities towards oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Moreover, N-CN9 assembled Zn-air battery (ZAB) exhibited an operating voltage of 1.35V under applied current density of 1.0mAcm−2, which is highly comparable to that of PtRu/C catalyst. Moreover, due to the pore hierarchy and large SSA, N-CN9-ZAB possessed much better rate capability and cycling stability than that of PtRu/C-ZAB.
Electrodes are routinely washed to remove electrolyte deposits, salt, and high boiling point solvents prior to analysis with surface-sensitive techniques. The effect of washing on the surface films of graphite electrodes from LiCoO2/graphite cells, which contained varying amounts of vinylene carbonate (VC), was investigated by comparing the microstructure and chemical composition. We confirmed that there are two different kinds of films on the surface of the electrodes: one at low and one at high VC content concentration. Far from being limited to remove extraneous salt deposits from the surface of the sample, DMC washing was found to completely remove one and to affect the composition of deeper strata in the other.
Hitting the headlines quite a lot in the past six months, space exploration systems are one of the more interesting technical challenges for PV devices. Not one but perhaps four probes will be on their way to our nearest planetary neighbor, Mars. The success or failure of these missions will hinge on their on-board PV power sources — providing power for experiments and for getting the data back to Earth. But PV is not the only power source option, and the alternatives present challenges which PV makers must face.
The compound Li X NiVO4 (X = 0.8, 1.0, 1.2) is prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The vibrational analysis of the compound is studied using Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. A new peak at 1039cm−1 is observed for Li1.2NiVO4 in the FTIR analysis and indicates the presence of Li+ OV bond interactions. The FTIR and Raman characteristic bands for cubic inverse spinel structure are observed for all samples. Using the diatomic approximation method, the bond length and the bond order of the compound with various Li compositions are calculated. The valence state of the compounds is calculated using the Pauling valence sum rule and is found to be nearly 5.2 for all compositions of Li X NiVO4 (X = 0.8, 1.0, 1.2).
Developing highly efficient and economically sustainable electrocatalysts with bifunctions for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is crucially important in practical implementation of rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Herein, a novel Cu-based electrocatalyst composed of Cu97P3-x-y O x N y nanoparticles supported on N, P co-doped carbon is synthesized straightforward by the annealing of the Cu-phytic acid gel under an argon and ammonia gases atmosphere. The Cu97P3-x-y O x N y /N, P co-doped carbon catalyst displays the outstanding catalytic performance for both the oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution, which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of Cu97P3-x-y O x N y and N, P co-doped carbon. Meanwhile, the primary and rechargeable zinc-air batteries assembled by the Cu97P3-x-y O x N y /N, P co-doped carbon catalyst exhibit a high specific capacity and remarkable charge-discharge cycle stability, which are comparable to that of the benchmark Pt/C and IrO2. The energy density of the catalyst reaches to 737 Wh kgZn −1. To the best of our knowledge, few Cu-based electrocatalysts is reported for rechargeable zinc-air batteries.
Nanowire Na0.35MnO2 was prepared by a simple and low energy consumption hydrothermal method; its electrochemical performance as a cathode material for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors in Na2SO4 solution was investigated. Due to the nanowire structure its capacitance (157 F g−1) is much higher than that of the rod-like Na0.95MnO2 (92 F g−1) from solid phase reaction although its sodium content is lower. When it is assembled into an asymmetric aqueous supercapacitor using activated carbon as the counter electrode and aqueous 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, the nanowire Na0.35MnO2 shows an energy density of 42.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 129.8 W kg−1 based on the total weight of the two electrode material, higher than those for the rod-like Na0.95MnO2, with an energy density of 27.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 74.8 W kg−1, and that of LiMn2O4. The new material presents excellent cycling behavior even when dissolved oxygen is not removed from the electrolyte solution. The results hold great promise for practical applications of this cathode material since sodium is much cheaper than lithium and its natural resources are rich.
The high-rate charge/discharge performance of L3DC alloy is improved by heat treatment in pure Ar or 10% H2/Ar atmosphere at 300°C and 400°C. L3DC, a commercially available LaNi5-type alloy, is used as the negative electrode for high-power nickel–metal hydride batteries. The structural modification, morphology, and surface composition of the heat-treated alloys are examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Electrochemical performance of the alloy is also tested with an electrochemical workstation and a charge/discharge tester. Results show that the low- and room-temperature rate discharge performance and high-temperature rate charge performance of the alloy can be improved by heat treatment in 10% H2/Ar atmosphere. Moreover, the low- and room-temperature rate charge performance and high-temperature rate discharge performance can only be enhanced by heat treatment in pure Ar atmosphere. Heat treatment can affect not only the speed of proton transport in the solid phase, but also the hydrogen reaction on the alloy surface.
In general, carbon materials with high specific surface area (SSA), well-balanced pore size distributions, and appropriate content of heteroatom functionalities are essential to enhance the performance of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) for capacitive energy storage. In this study, a low-cost biological waste-stiff silkworm was first used as precursor for the synthesis of well-developed microporous carbon (SSMC) material by simple steps of carbonization and further activation. The SSMC was endowed with ultra-high SSA (2523m2 g−1), large pore volume (1.37m3 g−1), and high content of heteroatom functionalities (∼3.5 at% N and ∼5.1 at% O). EDLCs employed SSMC as active material showed high specific capacitance of 304Fg−1 and 256Fg−1 at current densities of 1Ag−1 and 20Ag−1, respectively, suggesting the good rate capability. Symmetric-two-electrode test in aqueous electrolyte also delivered the specific capacitance of 235Fg−1 with the energy density of ∼7.9Whkg−1. The findings confirmed the feasible way that using the eco-friendly biomass raw material to construct high performance capacitive energy storage device.
This paper presents an approach to concurrent toolpath planning for multi-material layered manufacturing (MMLM) to improve the fabrication efficiency of relatively complex prototypes. The approach is based on decoupled motion planning for multiple moving objects, in which the toolpaths of a set of tools are independently planned and then coordinated to deposit materials concurrently. Relative tool positions are monitored and potential tool collisions detected at a predefined rate. When a potential collision between a pair of tools is detected, a dynamic priority scheme is applied to assign motion priorities of tools. The traverse speeds of tools along the x -axis are compared, and a higher priority is assigned to the tool at a higher traverse speed. A tool with a higher priority continues to deposit material along its original path, while the one with a lower priority gives way by pausing at a suitable point until the potential collision is eliminated. Moreover, the deposition speeds of tools can be adjusted to suit different material properties and fabrication requirements. The proposed approach has been incorporated in a multi-material virtual prototyping (MMVP) system. Digital fabrication of prototypes shows that it can substantially shorten the fabrication time of relatively complex multi-material objects. The approach can be adapted for process control of MMLM when appropriate hardware becomes available. It is expected to benefit various applications, such as advanced product manufacturing and biomedical fabrication.