batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
We have successfully prepared Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 having the Na0.44MnO2-type framework structure by ion-exchange technique in molten LiNO3 and LiNO3–LiOH salts at 270 °C from the precursor Na0.44Mn1−y Ti y O2 synthesized at 800 °C using homogeneous and fine Mn–Ti hydroxides as starting materials. The needle-shaped particle length can be successfully reduced. The chemical composition and the crystal structure of Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 were confirmed by using ICP–AES and XRD Rietveld analyses. The electrochemical measurements revealed that both the charge and discharge properties of the obtained Li0.44+x Mn1−y Ti y O2 samples were drastically improved. Especially, the obtained Li0.71Mn0.90Ti0.10O2 exhibited initial charge and discharge capacities of 176 and 212 mAh g−1, respectively, with an average discharge voltage of 3.56 V vs. Li/Li+. The resultant initial discharge energy density was achieved to be 755 Wh kg− 1. A further chemical lithiation treatment was performed using LiI for the Li0.63MnO2 and Li0.71Mn0.90Ti0.10O2 samples. The electrochemical measurements between 4.8 and 2.5 V for the lithiated Li0.83MnO2 and Li0.90Mn0.90Ti0.10O2 samples showed the improvement of the initial charge capacities. The rate capability test revealed Li0.90Mn0.90Ti0.10O2 retains 81% of its discharge capacity in going from 1C to 5C rate. The excellent high rate capability and good cycling performance of Li0.90Mn0.90Ti0.10O2 is particularly attractive for electric vehicle applications.
This paper proposes an innovative game theoretic framework for a next-generation retail electricity market (“Energy Internet”) with high penetration of distributed residential electricity suppliers (“Energy Cells”). The envisioned Energy Internet is developed for plug-and-play of a large number of distributed renewable energy generation and energy storage. The residential customers, referred as Energy Cells, are not only the electricity consumers but can also be the electricity suppliers by locally operating and managing their own distributed generators, distributed energy storage devices, and dispatchable loads. This paper formulates a set of mathematical models of the retail electricity market participants with a number of local and global constraints. A numerical case study is performed to validate the proposed next-generation retail electricity market framework using game-theoretic methodologies. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed market clearing scheme with high penetration of distributed residential electricity suppliers.
Although numerous parental styles, practices, behaviors, and beliefs have been linked to childhood anxiety, specific parental cognitions that are concurrently associated with parental and child anxiety have yet to be operationalized and measured in a single instrument. This investigation describes the development of a parent-report questionnaire designed to assess parental beliefs about their child’s anxiety, namely the Parental Beliefs about Anxiety Questionnaire (PBA-Q). This questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency, reliability, and validity when evaluated in a general sample of clinically referred children and their parents. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution, suggesting that multiple facets might underlie the construct of parental beliefs about child anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of parental beliefs about the child’s anxiety to understanding the relationship between parental and child anxiety.
Summary This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of two different off-season, short-term basketball training programs on physical and technical abilities of young basketball players. Twenty-seven adolescent basketball players (14.7±0.5 years; Tanner stage: 3.5±0.5) were randomly divided into a specialized basketball training group (SP, n =10), a mixed basketball plus conditioning training group (MX, n =10) and a control group (n =7). Training included five sessions per week (100–120min each) and was performed for 4 weeks. Maximal oxygen uptake was similarly improved after SP (4.9±1.8%) and MX (4.9±1.4%), but there was no effect on ventilatory threshold. Peak and mean power output measured during the Wingate test were also improved by a similar magnitude after SP (21±5%) and MX (15±6%). Trunk muscle endurance was equally increased (SP: 23±4%, MX: 25±5%), but arms endurance was improved significantly more after MX (50±11%) compared to SP (11±14%, p <0.05). Performance in four basketball technical skills was similarly increased (by 17–27%) in both groups, with a tendency for greater improvement of the SP groups in the technical skills of shooting and passing. These results indicate that a SP basketball training program, performed exclusively on-court was as effective as a MX training program in terms of aerobic and anaerobic fitness improvement. Furthermore, the decrease of the total on-court training time in the MX group resulted in a tendency for a smaller improvement of basketball technical skills. In conclusion, both SP and MX training are equally effective in order to limit and/or reverse the detraining effects that occur during the off-season in basketball.
Nano-CdSnO3 is prepared by thermal decomposition of the precursor, CdSn(OH)6 at 600°C for 6h in air. The material is characterized physically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques. Nano-CdSnO3 exhibits a reversible and stable capacity of 475(±5)mAhg−1 (∼5mol of cycleable Li per mole of CdSnO3) for at least 40 cycles between 0.005 and 1.0V at a current rate of 0.13C. Extensive capacity fading is found when cycling in the range 0.005–1.3V. Cyclic voltammetry studies complement galvanostatic cycling data and reveal average discharge and charge potentials of 0.2 and 0.4V, respectively. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by ex situ XRD, TEM and SAED studies. The electrochemical impedance spectra taken during 1st and 10th cycle are fitted with an equivalent circuit to evaluate impedance parameters and the apparent chemical diffusion coefficient ( D L i + ) of Li. The bulk impedance, R b, dominates at low voltages (≤0.25V), whereas the combined surface film and charge-transfer impedance (R (sf+ct)) and the Warburg impedance dominate at higher voltages, ≥0.25V. The D L i + is in the range of (0.5–0.9)×10−13 cm2 s−1 at V =0.5–1.0V during the 10th cycle.
The study aimed to improve ergonomics, i.e. to increase productivity, quality, and work satisfaction of operators working in a harsh environment (i.e. freezer storage facilities) through the use of an audio feedback system. The operators’ job was to select ice-cream products from a distribution warehouse to fulfill customer orders. A field experiment was carried out to compare the conventional method (the use of paper pick list) and the new method (the use of an audio pick list system). The audio system included audio feedback which enabled the operator to verify the correct storage location before selecting product from its location. Results showed that the use of the audio system was more effective as productivity of picking task increased by 43%, quality improved through reduction of more than two-thirds picking errors, and work satisfaction increased as hand motions used in the paper pick list system with gloved hands were eliminated. The impact of this study suggests that harsh environments with similar work flows can be aided with an audio feedback system, weighing the costs and benefits of the system from the perspective of ergonomics, quality, and productivity.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a multifaceted transcription factor involved in xenobiotic metabolism, immune cell development, and epidermal differentiation. AHR is activated by aryl hydrocarbons, of which TCDD is well-known. Coal tar (CT) is an activator of AHR and is used in the clinic as a treatment for atopic dermatitis. To better understand AHR activation and downstream effects, we studied ligand-mediated DNA binding by AHR, its target gene transcription, and overall differentially expressed genes in treated keratinocytes. TCDD and CT treated human primary keratinocytes were subjected to chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing to study genomewide effects of AHR activation by both AHR ligands. TCDD and CT, as AHR ligands, show early (after 2 hours) upregulation of genes involved in detoxification pathways. Also, we found an upregulation of important genes encoding terminal differentiation proteins (IVL, FLG), antimicrobial proteins (e.g. PI3, SLPI, S100A8), and tight junction proteins (CLDN4, OCLN), approximately 24 hours after AHR activation by CT and TCDD.The genomic binding of the AHR indicates that the canonical cellular responses after CT and TCDD exposure steer primarily towards activation of xenobiotic metabolism pathways. The transcriptional analysis shows additionally differentially regulated genes in the aforementioned metabolism pathways, and the activation of the antimicrobial defense mechanism of the epidermis. The latter may influence the interaction between host and microbes and could have important implications for the skin microbiome composition in coal tar treated AD patients.
Here we present a low cost, free-standing, high capacity, stable, and environmentally benign nickel–nickel oxide (Ni–NiO) nanofiber cloth anode for Li-ion batteries. Ni–NiO nanofibers are fabricated by simple electrospinning and thermal oxidation processes which create a free-standing, core–shell nanofiber structure. The nickel backbone mitigates poor conductivity issues observed in Li-ion anodes due to repeated volume change during lithiation/delithiation. The Ni–NiO nanofiber anode possesses a high surface area compared to that of a slurry cast electrode which helps facilitate Li-ion diffusion into the active material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates improved capability of current collecting metal (nickel in this case) to withstand volume change in our free-standing structure. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy indicates the stability of the Ni–NiO nanofiber cloth anode in excess of 400 charge/discharge cycles, partly evidenced by the stable evolution of solid-electrolyte interphase. As an anode, the Ni–NiO nanofiber cloth shows impressive results with a gravimetric capacity of 1054mAhg−1 at a current density of 2154mAg−1 or 3C (1C=718mAg−1), a long cycle life of more than 1500 cycles, and exceptional stability throughout its cycle life with a Coulombic efficiency >99%. Performance evaluation enables the Ni–NiO cloth material for next-generation high capacity, high rate, stable, and environmentally benign Li-ion batteries.
Mexico is currently facing a crisis in the waste management field. Some efforts have just commenced in urban and in rural settlements, e.g., conversion of open dumps into landfills, a relatively small composting culture, and implementation of source separation and plastic recycling strategies. Nonetheless, the high heterogeneity of components in the waste, many of these with hazardous properties, present the municipal collection services with serious problems, due to the risks to the health of the workers and to the impacts to the environment as a result of the inadequate disposition of these wastes. A generation study in the domestic sector was undertaken with the aim of finding out the composition and the generation rate of household hazardous waste (HHW) produced at residences. Simultaneously to the generation study, a socioeconomic survey was applied to determine the influence of income level on the production of HHW. Results from the solid waste generation analysis indicated that approximately 1.6% of the waste stream consists of HHW. Correspondingly, it was estimated that in Morelia, a total amount of 442ton/day of domestic waste are produced, including 7.1ton of HHW per day. Furthermore, the overall amount of HHW is not directly related to income level, although particular byproducts do correlate. However, an important difference was observed, as the brands and the presentation sizes of goods and products used in each socioeconomic stratum varied.
Children residing in communities near metalworking industries are vulnerable to multiple toxic metal exposures. Understanding biomarkers of exposure to multiple toxic metals is important to characterize cumulative burden and to distinguish potential exposure sources in such environmental justice neighborhoods impacted by industrial operations. Exposure to metal mixtures has not been well-characterized among children residing in the United States, and is understudied in communities of color.
A novel strategy to synthesize hierarchical rod like MnCO3 on the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets by a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal method is demonstrated. The chelating action of citric acid facilitates the formation a complex intermediate of Mn2+ and citrate ions, which finally results a 3D MnCO3/RGO (MRGO) composite with high electrical conductivity (∼1056 S m−1), good surface area (59 m2 g−1) and high pore volume (0.3 cm3 g−1). The specific capacitance (SC) of the MRGO composite is ∼1120 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 in three electrode system. An asymmetric device has been designed with MRGO as positive and sono-chemically reduced RGO (SRGO) as negative electrode material. The asymmetric device (MRGO//SRGO) shows the SC of ∼318 F g−1 (at 2 A g−1) and energy density of ∼113 W h kg−1 (at 1600 W kg−1). The true energy density (1.7 W h kg−1) has been calculated considering the total weight of the device. The MRGO//SRGO device can power a wall clock for ∼13 min after full charging. The Nyquist plot of the asymmetric cell has been simulated with Z-View software to measure the solution resistance, charge-transfer resistance and Warburg elements.
In order to increase the stability in reduction with respect to polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN), is proposed as a matrix for plasticized polymer electrolytes, useable in lithium batteries. Highly concentrated complexes of lithium salt in PMAN homopolymer were prepared using lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate or lithium imide salts, ionic conductivities as well as spectroscopic data showing the solvating ability of PMAN. In order to prevent PMAN dissolution in usual liquid electrolytes, UV curing was carried out. Although, non-optimized, the resulting plasticized PMAN electrolytes exhibit appreciable conductivities.
Carbon-based nanomaterials with suitable morphology, structure and composition are promising candidates for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials. In this work, the chemical vapor deposition technique followed by a facile gas-solid phase doping strategy is exploited to prepare mass-produced pyrrolic N-enriched carbon fibers (PN-CFs). The effect of N doping on the morphology, structure, composition and LIB performance of PN-CFs is investigated. The results show that intrinsic structure defects existing in raw carbon fibers act as active sites for effective N doping. The obtained PN-CFs possess unique spiral nanofiber morphology, high defect degree and dominated pyrrolic N (∼96% for the total doped N), which result in super-long cycling lifespan (370.9 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) and superior high-rate capability (171.1 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) when used as LIB anode material.
More than 80 % of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are nicotine-dependent. Self-medication of cognitive deficits and an increased vulnerability to stress are discussed as promoting factors for the development of nicotine dependence. However, the effects of nicotine on social cognition and subjective stress responses in schizophrenia are largely unexplored. A 2 × 2-factorial design (drug × group) was used to investigate the effects of nicotine versus placebo in smoking schizophrenia patients and healthy controls after 24 h of abstinence from smoking. Participants performed a facial affect recognition task and a semi-standardized role-play task, after which social competence and self-reported stress during social interaction were assessed. Data analysis revealed no significant group differences in the facial affect recognition task. During social interaction, healthy controls showed more non-verbal expressions and a lower subjective stress level than schizophrenia patients. There were no significant effects of nicotine in terms of an enhanced recognition of facial affect, more expressive behaviour or reduced subjective stress during social interaction. While schizophrenia patients unexpectedly recognized facial affect not significantly worse than healthy controls, the observed group differences in subjective stress and non-verbal expression during social interaction in the role-play situation are in line with previous findings. Contrary to expectations derived from the self-medication hypothesis, nicotine showed no significant effects on the dependent variables, perhaps because of the dosage used and the delay between the administration of nicotine and the performance of the role-play.
A functionally graded SiCu film is deposited by magnetron sputtering to overcome the quick failure problem of the Si thick film electrode. As the stress induced by lithium intercalation along the electrode and the embrittlement caused by lithium segregation at the electrode-current collector interface are believed to be the main reasons for capacity fade, depositing a pure Cu layer first, then providing a gradual increase in Si is believed to be a promising solution for future high capacity next generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. This electrode delivers 2073mAhg−1 with 80% coulombic efficiency in the first cycle and retains 70% of its initial capacity after 100th cycle. We believe that pure Cu layer at the bottom minimizes the segregation of Li due its inactive behavior and increases the adhesion of the coating. Moreover, the gradual decrease of Cu in the first 1.7micron of the film diverts the stress propagation along the thickness while improving the deformation characteristic during cycling. And, the existence of 10% at. Cu atoms at the top region (around 0.7 micron) along with Si atoms, improves the physical as well as the mechanical properties of the electrode leading to a high electrochemical performance.
Despite the fundamental importance of state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) measurement to lithium-ion battery systems, the determination of these parameters is challenging and remains an area of active research. Here we propose a novel method of SOH/SOC determination using mechanical measurements. We present the results of long term aging studies in which we observe stack stress to be linearly related to cell SOH for cells aged with different cycling parameters. The observed increases in stack stress are attributed to irreversible volumetric expansion of the electrodes. We discuss the use of stress measurements for SOC determination, which offers the advantage of being more sensitive to SOC than voltage as well as the ability to measure SOC in the presence of self discharge. Finally we present a simple model to explain the linear nature of the observed stress-SOH relationship. The inherent simplicity of the mechanical measurements and their relationships to SOH and SOC presented in this paper offer potential utility for the improvement of existing battery management systems.
This manuscript reports on the manufacturing and characterization of sodium carboxymethylcellulose-based, Li-ion positive electrodes with high active material mass loadings using only water as a solvent. The effect of different calendering forces on the aqueous processed cathode electrodes is also reported. Finally, the performance of balanced full Li-ion cells in pouch cell configuration is investigated. These Li-ion cells subjected to long-term cycling experiment displayed an average coulombic efficiency of 99.96% and retained a specific capacity of almost 70% of its initial capacity after 2000 cycles.
Increasingly, smartphones are becoming one of the most popular mobile devices in the personal computing environment. As the need for a variety of mobile applications increases, the target mobile platform is a primary concern for mobile application developers. To reduce design complexity for different platforms and enhance the compatibility of applications on various mobile OSes, a JavaScript-based web environment became a main target framework for smartphone applications. Two particular characteristics of a smartphone are restricted power supply and low-end hardware resources, compared to high-end servers. Computing-intensive and rich graphics-based applications in a smartphone may fully utilize the CPU and consume a large amount of the battery power accordingly. In this paper, we propose a platform-independent mobile offloading system, which is a delegated system for a web centric devices environment. Our offloading architecture uses a built-in proxy system that splits the original JavaScript-based application codes into the following two parts: a lightweight code for the mobile client and a computationally heavy code that runs on the server system. We adopt one of the web applications utilizing a combinatory search for our case study. Our evaluation shows that our mobile offloading system reduces the response time of the application running in the web browser and enables a high workload application to run on relatively low-end mobile devices. In addition, this method reduces power consumption of the device. Therefore, this web-based offloading architecture creates a new mobile computing environment and supports various OS platforms of mobile clients.
Omitting to carry out adequate observation procedures, inform patients about their periodontal status and record patient response may lead to negligence claims. Michelle Mitchell LLB, RDH explains how the dental hygienist can avoid litigation.
Prototype 14500 batteries (14 mm dia. and 50 mm hgt.; AA size) consisted of the “SiO”–carbon composite-negative and LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2/LiCoO2 (7/3 by weight)-positive electrodes were designed, fabricated and examined in voltage ranging from 2.5 to 4.2 V at −20, −10, 0, and +23 °C. The batteries were stored and delivered 1 Ah at 200 mA and 0.96 Ah at 2 A, and the capacity remained after 300 cycles at 23 °C was 0.7 Ah. Abuse tests, such as overcharging to 12 V, nail penetration, and heating of fully charged batteries in an oven at 150 °C, were also carried out and shown that the batteries showed neither smoke nor fire for all the tests examined. The battery performance was compared to that of conventional batteries with graphite-negative electrodes in the same size and the characteristic features of the lithium-ion batteries with the SiO–carbon composite-negative electrodes were discussed from the experimental results.
This study aimed to assess the mechanical and thermal sensory thresholds of the gingiva in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis compared with a control group to help characterize effects of an inflammatory condition in the oral mucosa on somatosensory function.
The neural bases of prosody during the production of literal and idiomatic interpretations of literally plausible idioms was investigated. Left- and right-hemisphere-damaged participants and normal controls produced literal and idiomatic versions of idioms (He hit the books.) All groups modulated duration to distinguish the interpretations. LHD patients, however, showed typical speech timing difficulties. RHD patients did not differ from the normal controls. The results partially support a differential lateralization of prosodic cues in the two cerebral hemispheres [Van Lancker, D., & Sidtis, J. J. (1992). The identification of affective-prosodic stimuli by left- and right-hemisphere-damaged subjects: All errors are not created equal. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 963–970]. Furthermore, extended final word lengthening appears to mark idiomaticity.