batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical study of several 5-(azulen-1-ylmethylene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diones was performed by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry to evaluate the influence of donor and acceptor substituents on their electrochemical behavior. The number and characteristics of the redox processes for each compound were established. The electrochemical parameters have been correlated with ionization potentials and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies evaluated through computational methods for the azulene moiety grafted with different functional groups.
The International Council of Chemical Associations’ Long-Range Research Initiative (ICCA-LRI) sponsored a workshop, titled Twenty-First Century Approaches to Toxicity Testing, Biomonitoring, and Risk Assessment, on 16 and 17 June 2008 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The workshop focused on interpretation of data from the new technologies for toxicity testing and biomonitoring, and on understanding the relevance of the new data for assessment of human health risks. Workshop participants articulated their concerns that scientific approaches for interpreting and understanding the emerging data in a biologically relevant context lag behind the rapid advancements in the new technologies. Research will be needed to mitigate these lags and to develop approaches for communicating the information, even in a context of uncertainty. A collaborative, coordinated, and sustained research effort is necessary to modernize risk assessment and to significantly reduce current reliance on animal testing. In essence, this workshop was a call to action to bring together the intellectual and financial resources necessary to harness the potential of these new technologies towards improved public health decision making. Without investment in the science of interpretation, it will be difficult to realize the potential that the advanced technologies offer to modernize toxicity testing, exposure science, and risk assessment.
In this study, we report a carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12/hard carbon composite as an anode for Li-ion batteries. The composite anode provides a clear edge in state-of-charge (SOC) estimation of Li-ion batteries and thus enables efficient energy management and health assessment. The shape of the charge/discharge curve for Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is significantly modified by the addition of the hard carbon in an optimised amount to present a smoothly sloped voltage profile in the voltage window between 0.01 and 1.5V. This voltage range is highly effective in avoiding overcharging of a type of Li-ion batteries, where cell voltages remain constant over a large SOC region. Compared with the pristine LTO anode charged/discharged between 3 and 0.01V, the composite anode, in addition to showing an improved specific capacity and cycling stability, demonstrates a strong enhancement in the rate capability; at a rate as high as 20C, a capacity of 160mAh/g is still retained, which has been proven to arise from a dual improvement in the electronic conductivity by the hard carbon through mixing and the soft carbon via carbon coating. The advantages in SOC prediction and the excellent rate capability are expected to greatly promote its practical application.
Non-destructive testing methods became popular within the last few years. For steel beams incorporated in buildings there are currently only destructive ways for testing the yield limit as well as for determination of the current stress level. Rise of ultrasonic and micro-magnetic tools for (non-destructive) measurements allows the characterization of the inbuilt material especially of old steel bridges as economical maintenance of the infrastructure. It is possible to determine the reserve of residuence of bridges or of any other existing steel buildings in order to upgrade them competitively for future usage by the possibility of a simple way of strengthening by welding or using bolds. This is done using modern devices for ultrasonic and micro magnetic data recording on the one hand and modern techniques from nonparametric statistics such as sieve, partition and semi-recursive estimators on the other hand.
Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) affect one of every four women in the United States. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during daily activity or strenuous physical activity has been identified as a risk factor in the prevalence of PFD. However, the relationship between IAP and physical activity is poorly understood and oftentimes activity restrictions are prescribed by physicians without clinical evidence linking various activities to elevated IAP. There are currently no pressure transducers capable of monitoring IAP non-invasively out of a clinical environment. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel intra-vaginal pressure transducer (IVT) was developed to continuously monitor IAP. Improvements were made to the first generation IVT by incorporating wireless capability to enhance the device’s mobility while creating a more robust IAP monitoring system. To ensure the changes maintained the functionality of the original device design, comparison testing with standard clinical pressure transducers in both bench top and clinical settings was conducted. The wireless device was found to have high linearity, robust signal transmission, and dynamic response that outperforms the clinical standard rectal transducer and is similar to the original first generation non-wireless design. The wireless IVT presented here is a mobile wireless device capable of measuring, storing and transmitting IAP data during various physical activities.
Soluble catalysts such as redox mediators are promising in enhancing energy efficiency of Li–O2 batteries. Here, the authors propose a design principle for finding efficient redox mediators and demonstrate the application of such a new catalyst.
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is closely linked to toxic responses in cells. The tricothecene mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON), primarily affects cells of the immune system and the GI tract. DON′s cytotoxicity is closely linked to intracellular ROS, and it exerts its toxic effect by a mechanism known as ribotoxic stress response, which drives both cytokine expressions at low dosages and apoptosis at high dosages. Studies to alleviate DON′s toxicity are sparsely reported in literature. In the present study, the cytoprotective effect of lutein, was tested in HT-29 cells against DON-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. MTT assay revealed IC20 values of DON at 250ng/ml. Pre-treatment of cells with 10μM lutein resulted in 95% cell viability. Lutein combated DON-induced oxidative stress and downregulated expression of inflammatory genes, NF-κB and COX-2. Lutein also prevented DON-induced migration of NF-κB into the nucleus, as measured by immunofluorescence. Morphological studies by Electron microscopy and Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that lutein prevented DON-induced apoptosis. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that lutein exerts a cytoprotective role in DON-induced toxicity.
This article aims to present an alternative to recycling of spent Li-ion batteries applied to electrochemical sensor manufacturing. The cobalt, from cathode of Li-ion batteries, was recovered by electrodeposition onto AISI 430 stainless steel substrate and applied as glucose sensor. The composition of cathode utilized was obtained by AAS measures and corresponds to LiNi0,40Co0,60O2. Despite this composition, in the cobalt electrodeposition onto AISI 430 stainless steel the Ni is less of 1.7% (w/w) due the anomalous electrodeposition. The sensitivity of cobalt electrode for glucose detection is 70.2μA/mmolcm2 and the linear range is 1–10mmol/L. This result shows that the Co electrodeposited onto AISI 430 stainless steel is a promissory and low-cost non-enzymatic glucose sensor.
The sodium vanadate (Na0.76V6O15) nanobelts have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction followed by annealing. The ultra-long nanobelts have a length ranging from several micrometers to several dozens of micrometers. As cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts exhibit high discharge capacity, excellent cyclic stability and good rate capability. High discharge capacity of 248 and 214 mA h g−1 can be obtained at the current density of 300 and 500 mA g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, it maintains a stable capacity of 113 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1 with no capacity decay. The superior electrochemical performances may be attributed to the novel nanobelts structure and excellent structural stability of Na0.76V6O15.
Pompon-like MnO/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite microspheres have been prepared by the pyrolysis of Mn3O4 and CNT mixtures. These microspheres are constructed by combining MnO nanocrystallines with CNT scaffolds to form the interconnected MnO-modified CNT networks. The three-dimensional composite structures are superior to the simple mixture of MnO and CNT in combination with each advantage, such as the inhibited aggregation, large porosity, high conductivity and enhanced mechanical strength. The lithium ion batteries based on MnO/CNT composite microspheres as anodes exhibit a high specific capacity of 841mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1Ag−1. Even at 0.38Ag−1, the capacity could be still kept at 741mAhg−1 after 250 cycles. The significant results might be attributed to the unique space grid structure and specific composition, including the CNT crossing-linked MnO for high dispersion of nanoparticles, abundant porous channels for electrolyte diffusion, excellent electronic conductivity for electron transport and durable structure for repeated electrochemical reactions.
In this work, copper oxide thin films have been evaluated for use as electrodes in thin film batteries. The films were deposited by dc sputtering at low power, in order to produce nanoparticulated films. Samples were deposited onto unheated or heated (420°C) substrates. Both kind of samples are nanoparticulated, with distinct grain sizes, and amorphous. The potential profiles and cycling capacity in lithium electrolyte were investigated and are similar to those obtained for copper oxide in powder form. The discharge capacity for samples deposited onto heated substrates depends on the previous treatment of the samples, and the stabilized capacity values are higher than for the samples deposited without intentional heating of the substrates, and suitable for use in lithium-ion microbatteries.
Background Parents consistently report working memory deficits in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); however, results from objective testing measures are inconsistent. This study aims to examine and compare working memory performance in children with various degrees of severity of SDB using both parent report and objective testing. Methods Subjects included 127 children aged 7–12years (mean age 9.6±1.6y: 71M/56F). Overnight polysomnography classified subjects into four groups: control (N =34); primary snoring (PS: N =55), mild obstructive sleep apnoea (mild OSA: N =22) and moderate to severe OSA (MS OSA: N =16). The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was used as the parent reported measure of working memory. A computerised task involving immediate recognition of playing cards (CogHealth) was used as the objective measure. Results Results of the BRIEF revealed working memory deficits at all severities of SDB compared to controls. Results of CogHealth revealed no difference between SDB groups and controls; however, mild OSA performed significantly worse than PS. Comparison of the two measures revealed that parents of controls reported less deficits, and parents of PS reported more deficits, than were found on the objective measure of working memory. Conclusions This study showed that parents of children with less severe SDB have a tendency to overestimate the level of working memory deficit in their children, possibly as a reflection of behaviour. This suggests that observation of deficits in working memory may be largely dependent on the assessment method and children with SDB may not be as impaired as previously thought.
This article reports a novel electrochemical cell system for storing electrical energy in zinc metal. In this system the cell is structured with three distinctive sections for energy absorption, storage and delivery. The energy is absorbed into zinc metal through electro deposition in the top section and is delivered through zinc dissolution in the bottom section. The zinc metal is contained in the middle section between the sections for deposition and dissolution. Because the zinc metal is contained separately from the electrodes this system allows storage of energy at a low cost. Also, having deposition and dissolution of zinc in separate spaces allows independent operation of charging and discharging. This cell is capable receiving and outputting power at the same time, based on which it is thus termed as a dual power cell. The cell design and results of the prototype testing are reported. The characteristics, potential applications and cost of stored electricity of the system are also discussed.
One-dimensional nickel hydroxide nanoribbons with thickness of 15–20nm and length up to several micrometers were synthesized through a simple template-free hydrothermal method. The nickel hydroxide nanoribbons were developed as electrocatalysts for urea electro-oxidation in alkaline media and showed more than 10 times enhancement in current density compared to bulk nickel hydroxide powders. The enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of urea using nickel hydroxide nanoribbons reveals great potential for future applications in hydrogen production, remediation of urea-rich wastewater, and fuel cells.
Based on the wide range of problems to effectively perform cardiopulmonary testing in young children, this study strives to develop a new cardiopulmonary exercise test for children using a mobile testing device worn in a backpack in order to test children during their natural movement habits, namely, running outdoors. A standard cardiopulmonary exercise ramp test on a cycle ergometer was performed by a group of twenty 7–10-year-old children. The results were compared with a self-paced incremental running test performed using a mobile cardiopulmonary exercise measuring device in an outdoor park. The children were able to reach significantly higher values for most of the cardiopulmonary exercise variables during the outdoor test and higher. Whereas a plateau in V˙O2
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a commonly performed, non-invasive method to evaluate cardiac symptoms and assess functional capacity in children [1] and can be considered as safe [2].
The α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is thought to be involved in levels of α-synuclein and influence the susceptibility for the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study is to explore the association among SNCA rs1193074 polymorphism, spontaneous brain activity and clinical symptoms in PD patients. 62 PD patients and 47 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. Also blood sample of each participant was genotyped for rs11931074 polymorphism (PD: TT = 19, GT = 32, GG = 11; HC: TT = 10, GT = 25, GG = 12) and then examined to ascertain the influence of different genotypes on regional brain activity with amplitude low-frequency fluctuation analysis (ALFF). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship among genotypes, interactive brain region and clinical symptoms in PD. Compared with HC subjects, PD patients showed decreased ALFF values in right lingual gyrus and increased ALFF values in right cerebellum posterior lobe. Significant interaction of ‘‘groups × genotypes’’ was found in the right angular gyrus, where there were higher ALFF values in TT genotype than in GT or GG genotype in the PD group and there was a contrary trend in the HC group. And further Spearman’s correlative analyses revealed that ALFF values in right angular gyrus were negatively associated with unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) III score in PD-TT genotype. Our study shows for the first time that SNCA rs11931074 polymorphism might modulate brain functional alterations and correlate with motor symptoms in Chinese PD patients.
Studies of adults provide evidence that spatial reasoning is non-unitary in nature, consisting of separate object transformation and viewer transformation abilities. This research examined the presence of this dissociation in children. Participants between 8 and 12 years of age, divided over three age groups (i.e., 65 children from 7.5 to 9 years old, 75 children from 9 to 10.5 years old, and 77 children from 10.5 to 12 years old) performed a battery of object and viewer transformation tasks. Analysis of variance showed that performance improved with age on the individual object and viewer transformation tasks, with the largest effects between 10.5 and 12 years of age. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses to test the dissociation of object and viewer transformation ability over the different age groups revealed that in children under 10.5 years of age object and viewer transformation ability could not be differentiated. A dissociation between object and viewer transformation ability was shown between 10.5 and 12 years of age. This period of specialization of spatial abilities may be a particularly interesting time window for identifying spatial talents and providing spatial training and intervention.
Polarized optical microscopy (POM) results show that ZSM-5 has great influence on both the nucleation stage and the growth stage of PEO spherulites. Part of ZSM-5 particles can act as the nucleus of PEO spherulites and thus increase the amount of PEO spherulites. On the other hand, ZSM-5 can restrain the recrystallization tendency of PEO chains through Lewis acid–base interaction and hence decrease the growth speed of PEO spherulites. The increasing amount of PEO spherulites, decreasing size of PEO spherulites and the incomplete crystallization are all beneficial for creating more continuous amorphous phases of PEO, which is very important for the transporting of Li+ ions. An adequate amount of ZSM-5 can enhance the room temperature ionic conductivity of PEO-LiClO4 based polymer electrolyte for more than two magnitudes.
The review focuses on various hydrogen producing and storing methods that can be employed for creating a hydrogen economy. The latest advancements that have been made on different hydrogen storing materials and hydrogen storing technologies which have proven useful both on gravimetric and volumetric basis, have been highlighted. The encouraging and hopeful aspect of their developments is that the most of the materials are approaching the hydrogen storing capacity requirement that have been laid down by DOE. The classification of different systems has been done on basis of their storage mechanism, keeping in mind their advantages and disadvantages while they tend to store hydrogen both in the atomic and molecular form.
Mesoporous tin oxides have been prepared by a surfactant templating method. Characterization with transmission electron microscopy techniques showed that the compounds formed as hexagonal mesoporous phases, retaining their mesostructural nature with a pore size of about 4nm after calcination at 350°C. These materials showed good electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, with over 400mAh/g charge capacity and good reversibility.
The major soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes of humans, Trichuris, Ascaris, and the two major hookworms, Ancylostoma and Necator, often are referred to collectively as geohelminths. Geohelminth infections are a particular public health threat to children in whom high intensity infections frequently occur. For Ascaris and Trichuris, the heaviest and most severe infections occur in children of school-age. As a result, these children suffer unique geohelminth-associated deficits in physical and intellectual growth. In a few cases, the parasite-derived macromolecules partly associated with these processes have been identified and chemically characterized. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury often show altered movement patterns, suggested to be partly due to impaired sensorimotor control. Here, we therefore aimed to assess muscular activity during movements often used in ACL-rehabilitation and to characterize associations between deviations in muscular activity and specific altered movement patterns, using and further exploring the previously developed Test for substitution Patterns (TSP).
The next-generation electricity grid (“smart grid”) is expected to integrate interoperable technologies – particularly in the energy, transport, information and communication fields – with the aim to increase reliability, affordability and sustainability considering at the same time, distribution systems and market operation. In order to gauge the implications of the anticipated paradigm shift for the electricity system, new reference architectures and assessment methodologies shall be developed to properly capture the interactions between the different actors (especially utilities, operators, energy aggregators, end-users, etc.) and technologies to value and allocate the costs and benefits of such transformation. Against this background, this paper proposes a conceptual architecture and an assessment framework to explore how high penetration scenarios of electric vehicles and intermittent renewable generation can complement each other in emerging distribution networks. We start from the identification of the smart grid functionalities to be implemented in a system with distributed power injections under the need to supervise and coordinate myriads of decentralized and interoperable energy sources and actors. Relying upon the proposed smart grid conceptual architecture, we develop an assessment framework to maximize the renewable electricity and electric vehicle penetration for given electricity and transport systems. The application of the proposed assessment framework to a realistic case study, representing the distribution and mobility systems of a typical mid-size Italian city, illustrates how some of the limitations and constraints of the current electricity network operation and design approaches can be addressed and overcome. We show how integration of substantial amounts of energy production and electric-based transport technologies can be achieved while improving the reliability and sustainability performances of the emerging power systems.
I read with interest the recent article by Villegas RB and Ilsen PF, “Functional visual loss: A diagnosis of exclusion” (Optometry 2007;78:523-533). The authors have done an excellent job outlining and describing the wide variety and clinical presentation of patients with functional visual loss. I would, however, challenge the conclusion and title of the paper which indicates that functional visual loss is a diagnosis of exclusion. In fact, traditional teaching has held that functional visual loss is a positive diagnosis made by demonstrating physiologic impossibilities. There is no doubt that the prudent practitioner will want to rule out organic disease in many cases of suspected functional visual loss especially when clinical testing is confusing or inconclusive. It is also known that many patients will experience “functional overlay” of true organic disease further confounding an accurate diagnosis. It would be inappropriate, however, in all cases of functional visual loss to subject patients to an exhaustive battery of expensive and potentially risky testing when the diagnosis is positively established by demonstrating physiologic visual impossibilities. In these cases, reassurance, psychiatric evaluation, and careful follow-up would be the most appropriate management.