batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Objective Freezing of gait (FOG) is a brief, episodic phenomenon affecting over half of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and leads to significant morbidity. The pathophysiology of FOG remains poorly understood but is associated with deficits in cognitive function and motor preparation. Method We studied 20 people with PD (10 with FOG, 10 without FOG) and performed a timed response target detection task while electroencephalographic data were acquired. We analysed the data to detect and examine cortical markers of cognitive decision making (P3b or centroparietal positivity, CPP) and motor readiness potential. We analysed current source density (CSD) to increase spatial resolution and allow identification of distinct signals. Results There was no difference in the P3b/CPP response between people with PD with and without FOG, suggesting equivalent cognitive processing with respect to decision-making. However, the FOG group had significant difference with an earlier onset and larger amplitude of the lateralized readiness potential. Furthermore, the amplitude of the lateralised readiness potential correlated strongly with total Frontal Assessment Battery score. Conclusions The difference in lateralized readiness potentials may reflect excessive recruitment of lateral premotor areas to compensate for dysfunction of the supplementary motor area and resultant loss of automatic motor control. This early, excessive recruitment of frontal networks occurs in spite of equivalent motor scores and reaction times between groups. Significance The saturation of frontal processing mechanisms could help explain deficits in attentional set-shifting, dual-tasking and response inhibition which are frequently reported in FOG.
A moving-boundary model with activity correction for the diffusion of lithium in LiCoO2 electrodes and the electrochemical reaction on the surface of electrode particles was formulated in a reproduction of the discharge/charge voltage process in batteries that have a LiCoO2 cathode and a mesocarbon-microbead anode. Activity correction for the electrochemical reaction as well as the diffusion of lithium where the LiCoO2 structural phase transition occurs during discharge and charge was considered. An accurate representation of the discharge/charge voltage profiles was obtained by using the moving-boundary model with the activity correction. The activity correction incorporated into the moving-boundary model can improve the discontinuous gaps in the discharge voltage profiles at the surface of conjugate LiCoO2 electrode particles.
The authors regret that the acknowledgement of this paper was incorrect. The corrected acknowledgement is as the next paragraph. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused to the readers of the journal. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grant number of 51207080, the National 863 Program under the subject number of 2011AA11A230, and the Independent Research Programs of Tsinghua University under the subject number of 2011Z01004.
Bean JF, Kiely DK, LaRose S, Leveille SG. Which impairments are most associated with high mobility performance in older adults? Implications for a rehabilitation prescription. Objective To test which rehabilitative impairments are associated with higher mobility performance among community-dwelling, mobility-limited older adults. Design Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from participants within a randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation research center. Participants Community-dwelling older adults (N=138; mean age, 75.4y) with mobility limitations as defined by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Balance measured via the Berg Balance Scale, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, body mass index (BMI), and mobility performance as measured by the SPPB. Results Each of the 5 physiologic attributes (unipedal balance, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, BMI) was categorized into tertiles by using lower values as reference for impairment status. Within an adjusted model, measures associated with higher SPPB performance (>9) included a BBS score greater than or equal to 54 (odds ratio [OR]=4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–18.60), leg strength greater than or equal to 21.5N/kg (OR=30.35; 95% CI, 5.48–168.09), leg velocity .0101 to .0129m·s−1·kg−1 (OR=5.31; 95% CI, 1.25–22.57), and leg velocity greater than or equal to .0130m·s−1·kg−1 (OR=22.86; 95% CI, 3.88–134.75). Conclusions Our investigation highlights the importance of rehabilitative impairments in leg strength, leg velocity, and balance as being associated with mobility status as measured by the SPPB. In our sample of participants within an exercise trial, submaximal aerobic capacity and BMI status were not associated with mobility performance. These findings suggest that the augmentation of not only leg strength and balance but also leg velocity may be important in the rehabilitative care of mobility-limited older adults.
Recent developments in marketing thought and practice highlight the opportunities that co-production of services provide for creating customer value. The authors propose a model of co-production with which they investigate the links between co-production and customer loyalty and the factors likely to increase the level of co-production in a financial services context, with support from an investigation in the medical services context. Further, the authors consider the relationships of customer expertise, customer–advisor communication, customer affective commitment, and interactional justice with the level of co-production. On the basis of testing with a sample of 1,197 customers of a large multinational financial services organization and 100 patients of medical services, the model is partially supported. Therefore, the authors suggest that co-production may have an important role as a basis for competition in the financial services industry.
Because of the risk for development of psychopathology such as psychotic symptoms, it has been suggested that studying men with the XXY karyotype may help in the search for underlying cognitive, neural and genetic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to disorganization of thought in XXY men. A group of 24 XXY men and two non-clinical control groups (N =20, N =18) participated in the study. The level of disorganization of thought was measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. We assessed IQ, lateralization of verbal information processing and executive functions including inhibition and mental flexibility. XXY men with high levels of disorganization showed more severe impairments in mental flexibility and inhibition as compared to non-clinical controls and other XXY men. This subgroup also showed a stronger reduction in lateralization of verbal information processing. IQ measures did not differentiate XXY men with high versus low levels of disorganization. These findings indicate that executive impairments in the domains of inhibition and mental flexibility might play a role in the increased vulnerability for disorganized thought in the XXY group. Reduced lateralization of verbal information processing points to non-optimal cerebral specialization in the XXY group, especially in XXY men with high levels of disorganization. This fits with deficits in brain functions most vulnerable to such maturational disruptions, i.e. executive dysfunctions. Our findings are in line with those reported for schizophrenia patients with thought disorder. We speculate that the underlying mechanisms of thought disorder probably are deficit specific rather than disorder specific.
Ce1−x Sm x O2−1/2x nanopowders were successfully synthesized by microwave-induced combustion process. For the preparation, cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, samarium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, and urea were used for the microwave-induced combustion process. The process took only a few minutes to obtain Ce1−x Sm x O2−1/2x powders. Ce1−x Sm x O2−1/2x ceramics prepared by microwave-induced process sintered at 1400°C for 3h, the bulk density of Ce1−x Sm x O2−1/2x ceramics were over 95% of the theoretical density. The results revealed that Ce0.84Sm0.16O1.92 possessed the maximum electrical conductivity was 0.0287Scm−1 at 850°C and the minimum activity energy, E a was 0.9565eV determined from 500 to 850°C.
The performance of graphite/LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 pouch cells cycled to 4.35 V with 1.0 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC/EMC (1/1/1, v/v/v) solution with and without TMSP at room temperature has been investigated. Incorporation of 1% TMSP to the control electrolyte results in a significant improvement in cycling stability and rate performance of graphite/LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cells. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results indicate that the use of TMSP can dramatically decrease the impedance of the graphite/LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 pouch cells. After 70 cycles, ex-situ analyses of the graphite/LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cells were conducted via the combinations of XPS, SEM, TEM, and ICP-MS. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the modified cathode film with TMSP incorporated, which inhibits the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte on the cathode surface and provides the protection for the cathode bulk material upon cycling.
The paper summarizes the results of a study concerning the operation of industrial plants and their effects to the environment. It also addresses, shortly, the consequences to the quality of human life and proposes potential measures that may contribute to the reduction of the negative environmental impacts. The relatively small organized Industrial Area of Alexandroupolis (Greece) is examined as a case study. In particular, the activities of its major industrial facilities are presented and their emissions to the environment are examined. In addition, the socio-economic aspects of the operation of the Industrial Area are studied. The results of the study showed that the operation of the Industrial Area has specific negative effects in the natural environment of the region and in the quality of life of the residents. Methodological and legislative tools, such as control systems for the environmental pollution, the green chemistry, and the environmental management systems, may be employed to assist the prevention and confrontation of environmental problems.
Physical and electrochemical characteristics of aluminium secondary battery systems based on aluminium anodes, sulfur–carbon cathodes and ionic liquid electrolytes were investigated. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)/triethylamine hydrochloride (Et3NHCl) ionic liquids were used as the electrolytes. Toluene, benzene, dichloromethane (DCM), and 1,2-dichlorethane (DCE) were tested as the additives to modify the performance of ionic liquid electrolytes. DCM and DCE were found to be the better choices, with 0.2 as the optimized volume ratio of organic solvent to ionic liquid. The additives have functions of reducing the viscosities and elevating the conductivities of ionic liquid electrolytes, while having little influence on the thermal stability of battery system in normal working temperature range. To assess the electrochemical properties of the electrolytes, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies were performed at the cell voltage of 2.4V to 0.6V at a constant current discharge of 15mA/g. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 1.8V. A discharging capacity of 113.64mAh/g at the first cycle is obtained for the cell based on DCM-ionic liquid electrolyte, in comparison with 85.23mAh/g for the cell based on pure IL. The discharging capacity has the highest value of 131.67mAh/g, and remains 104.69mAh/g after 40cycles. This study indicates that the performance of aluminium secondary battery can be greatly improved by adding a small volume of organic additives to the ionic liquid electrolytes.
This paper presents a Bayesian methodology for updating the seismic hazard curves. The methodology is based on the comparison of predictive exceedance rates of a fixed acceleration level (given by the seismic hazard curves) and the observed exceedance rates in some selected sites. The application of the methodology needs, firstly, the definition of a prior probabilistic seismic hazard assessment based in a logic tree. Each main branch corresponds to a probabilistic model of calculus of seismic hazard. The method considers that, initially (or a priori), the weights of all branches of the logic tree are equivalent. Secondly, the method needs to compile the observations in the region. They are introduced in a database containing the recorded acceleration data (during the instrumental period). Nevertheless, the instrumental period in stable zones (as France) shows only very low acceleration levels recorded during a short observation period. Then, a method to enlarge the REX (number of observations) is presented taking into account the historical data and defining “synthetic” accelerations in the sites of observation. The synthetic REX allows to expand the period of observation and to increase the acceleration thresholds used in the Bayesian updating process. The application of the Bayesian approach leads to a new and more objective definition of the weights of each branch of the logic tree and, therefore, to new seismic hazard curves (mean and centiles). The Bayesian approach doesn’t change the probabilistic models (seismic hazard curves). It only modifies the weights of each branch of the logic tree.
Biomass burning is an important global source of aerosol particles to the atmosphere. Aerosol particles were collected in plumes of tropical forest and cerrado biomass burning fires in the Amazon Basin during August–September, 1992. Fine (d p<2μm, where d p is the aerodynamic diameter of the particle) and coarse (2μm<d p<10μm) aerosol particles were collected using stacked filter units. Up to 19 trace elements were determined using particle-induced X-ray emission analysis. Ion chromatography was used to determine up to 11 water-soluble ion components. The dominant species were black carbon, K+, Cl−, and SO4 2−. Organic matter represents in average 70–92% of the fine mode particle mass. The composition of the emitted particles in cerrado fires presents a well-defined pattern related to both the combustion phase and cerrado categories, which is not observed in the case of forest fires. Higher concentrations relative to the fine particulate mass were observed during the flaming emissions compared to the smoldering ones, for almost all experiments. Global emission flux estimates showed that biomass burning could be an important source of heavy metals and black carbon to the atmosphere. Estimates showed that savanna and tropical forest biomass burning could be responsible for the emission of about 1Ggyr−1 of copper, 3Ggyr−1 of zinc and 2.2Tgyr−1 of black carbon to the atmosphere. In average, these values correspond to 2, 3 and 12%, respectively, of the global budget of these species.
Abstract Battery cell total capacity refers to the total amount of charge that can be extracted from a fully charged cell. Knowledge of the present total capacity value is important to being able to calculate the maximum energy storage capability of a battery pack, the remaining energy in a battery pack, and as an indicator of the battery’s state of health. We show that traditional methods of estimating battery cell total capacity, which consider noises only in the accumulated ampere hour measurement, are biased. Battery cell total capacity must be estimated with knowledge of both the noises on the state of charge estimates and on the accumulated ampere hour measurements used to compute the total capacity estimate. We demonstrate how total least squares gives better results than traditional methods, and derive an approximate weighted total least squares algorithm that is suitable for implementation in an embedded battery management system.
Modeling and simulation play a key role in analyzing the complex electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion batteries. We present the development of a thermodynamic and kinetic modeling framework for intercalation electrochemistry within the open-source software Cantera. Instead of using equilibrium potentials and single-step Butler-Volmer kinetics, Cantera is based on molar thermodynamic data and mass-action kinetics, providing a physically-based and flexible means for complex reaction pathways. Herein, we introduce a new thermodynamic class for intercalation materials into the open-source software. We discuss the derivation of molar thermodynamic data from experimental half-cell potentials, and provide practical guidelines. We then demonstrate the new class using a single-particle model of a lithium cobalt oxide/graphite lithium-ion cell, implemented in MATLAB. With the present extensions, Cantera provides a platform for the lithium-ion battery modeling community both for consistent thermodynamic and kinetic models and for exchanging the required thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. We provide the full MATLAB code and parameter files as supplementary material to this article.
The technological advancement of renewable energy has created a significant need for research under the PV/wind based hybrid system. This article presents a detailed review of the integrated PV/wind hybrid power generation system with the primary focus on the energy crisis and its sustainability in the future. This paper highlights mainly imperative problems, disputes in the availability of resources and the importance of hybrid renewable systems. The structure of power electronic converters and their operation with integrated hybrid systems are discussed in detail. Energy management of PV/wind input sources along with the battery and their corresponding control technologies are dealt with. The recent statistics of the global status of successful PV/wind integrated projects, the future vision of an integrated power generation and important challenges facing the general deployment of PV/wind integrated power generation techniques are also presented.
Recently, a promising energy storage technology, high energy density rechargeable Li–CO2 batteries, has attracted considerable attention. Li–CO2 batteries are anticipated to mitigate the long-lasting greenhouse effect and simultaneously provide electric power. However, inferior battery performance due to large overpotentials, low cyclability and fast capacity degradation, which are mainly triggered by unsatisfactory electrocatalyst design, still bothers materials scientists. This article reviews the pioneering development of cathode catalysts in terms of corresponding intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors, herein referring to the electronic structures of a substance and its electronic interactions with the environment, dictate the nature of the ‘building units’ of the material and can often be chemically tuned through strategies like heteroatom doping, defect engineering and surface functionalizing or nanocompositing. Extrinsic factors, referring to the physical geometry of materials, including morphology, porosity, size, etc., also require careful reflection since different geometric arrangements of the same ‘building units’ most likely result in entirely different battery performances. A systematic consideration of both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors is believed to further inspire beautiful designs of electrocatalysts for Li–CO2 batteries as well as other metal–air batteries.
Despite replicated evidence for working memory deficits in youth with ADHD, no study has comprehensively assessed all three primary ‘working’ subcomponents of the working memory system in these children. Children ages 8–13 with (n = 45) and without (n = 41) ADHD (40% female; Mage = 10.5; 65% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) completed a counterbalanced battery of nine tasks (three per construct) assessing working memory reordering (maintaining and rearranging information in mind), updating (active monitoring of incoming information and replacing outdated with relevant information), and dual-processing (maintaining information in mind while performing a secondary task). Detailed analytic plans were preregistered. Bayesian t-tests indicated that, at the group level, children with ADHD exhibited significant impairments in working memory reordering (BF10 = 4.64 × 105; d = 1.34) and updating (BF10 = 9.49; d = 0.64), but not dual-processing (BF01 = 1.33; d = 0.37). Overall, 67%–71% of youth with ADHD exhibited impairment in at least one central executive working memory domain. Reordering showed the most ADHD-related impairment, with 75% classified as below average or impaired, and none demonstrating strengths. The majority of children with ADHD (52%–57%) demonstrated average or better abilities in the remaining two domains, with a notable minority demonstrating strengths in updating (8%) and dual-processing (20%). Notably, impairments in domain-general central executive working memory, rather than individual subcomponents, predicted ADHD severity, suggesting that common rather than specific working memory mechanisms may be central to understanding ADHD symptoms. These impairment estimates extend prior work by providing initial evidence that children with ADHD not only exhibit heterogeneous profiles across cognitive domains but also exhibit significant heterogeneity within subcomponents of key cognitive processes.
The characteristics of aniline and m-aminobenzoic acid (MABA) copolymer (self-doped polyaniline (PANi) (SDPA)) are studied in aqueous electrolytes. The SDPA films are deposited on a platinum electrode by means of cyclic voltammetry. The film is employed as a positive electrode (cathode) for a SDPA–Zn secondary battery that contains 1.0M ZnCl2 and 0.5 MNH4Cl electrolytes at pH=5. The cells are charged and discharged under constant current. It is found that the maximum capacity of the SDPA–Zn battery is 146.4Ahkg−1 with a columbic efficiency of 97–100% over at least 200 cycles between 0.8 and 1.6V. The specific energy is 172.8Whkg−1 and the SDPA cathode exhibits good recycleability.
High stability of energy-rich redox active organic molecules (ROMs) in all states of charge is required for reliable operation of nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs), in which charged ROMs are used to store electric energy in external reservoirs. Calendar life stability and cycle life stability characterize capacity fade during storage of charged ROMs in the reservoirs vs. continuous cycling of the electrochemical cell. For insufficiently understood reasons, these two metrics of cell performance can be at odds with each other. In this study, we examine ROM systems consisting of dialkoxybenzene and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives. By varying ROM structure and electrolyte composition, chemical stability of the charged states is varied over a wide range, and calendar life and cycle life stabilities are compared. For ROM systems that exhibit the highest chemical stability, the cycle life is largely (but not exclusively) limited by parasitic reactions involving the crossover of reaction products between the cell compartments. It appears that in many instances the cycling performance is strongly affected by poor membrane selectivity.