batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Steel rolling sludge containing high amounts of iron was recycled for the first time via a facile hydrothermal method and used as ferric ions source for CoFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite electrode. CoFe2O4 agglomeration is weakened by introducting graphene, which is crucial for improving efficient ions transport pathways in energy storage devices. The CoFe2O4/graphene complex exhibits a rough morphology and a porous nanostructure with a high specific surface area of 191.5m2 g−1. The material also shows excellent Faradaic redox reactions with high specific capacity of 166.5Cg−1 and 127.0Cg−1 at 0.5 and 10Ag−1, respectively, which are higher than that of simple, dense CoFe2O4 particles (121.6Cg−1 at 0.5Ag−1). Furthermore, the electrode demonstrates outstanding cycle stability with 79.3% capacitance retained after 5000 cycles. Hence, the proposed resource reuse strategy can be used to prepare CoFe2O4/graphene nanocomposites for supercapacitors.
Some polyanionic compounds, e.g. TiP2O7 and LiTi2(PO4)3 with 3D framework structure were proposed to be used as anodes of lithium ion battery with aqueous electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry properties TiP2O7 and LiTi2(PO4)3 suggested that Li-ion de/intercalation reaction can occur without serious hydrogen evolution in 5M LiNO3 aqueous solution. The TiP2O7 and LiTi2(PO4)3 give capacities of about 80mAh/g between potentials of −0.50V and 0V (versus SHE) and 90mAh/g between −0.65V and −0.10V (versus SHE), respectively. A test cell consisting of TiP2O7/5M LiNO3/LiMn2O4 delivers approximately 42mAh/g (weight of cathode and anode) at average voltage of 1.40V, and LiTi2(PO4)3/5M LiNO3/LiMn2O4 delivers approximately 45mAh/g at average voltage of 1.50V. Both as-assembled cells suffered from short cycle life. The capacity fading may be related to deterioration of anode material.
Amorphous Si (a-Si) powders have been synthesized using various synthetic methods, and their electrochemical sodiation behaviours have been studied in detail. These methods include (1) a chemical delithiation method where Si is first lithiated and then delithiated either in an aqueous or organic solution, (2) a mechanical method where crystalline Si is subjected to high-energy ball milling, and (3) a mechanical fusion method where a Si-Sn composite with a Si-Sn atomic ratio of 0.94:0.06 is synthesized through high-energy ball milling. Commercial silicon monoxide (SiO) has also been examined for comparison. It is shown that facile oxidation of a-Si encountered in the methods (1) and (2) has led to low sodiation capacity and huge first-cycle irreversible capacity, similar to those of SiO. By contrast, the mechanically fused Si-Sn composite, which contains a Sn shell that prevents the oxidation of the partially amorphized Si core, exhibits a maximum sodiation capacity of 161mAhg−1 based on active material. This is translated to an estimated sodiation capacity of no more than 230mAhg−1 for the a-Si component in the composite. The presence of the Sn shell considerably reduces the first-cycle irreversible capacity and charge-transfer resistance, resulting in improved rate and cycle performance. This suggests a new material design strategy that may enable the use of the a-Si for Na-ion battery anode applications.
As people living in remote areas rely on SPS systems for their electricity and water needs, they hold a practical and non-idealistic perspective towards using renewable energy technologies. This research explores pastoral owner-operators’ personal experience and opinion of stand-alone power supply (SPS) systems over 30years in remote pastoral regions Western Australia (WA). This research was undertaken qualitatively in terms of the experience of remote Australians of energy service delivery and SPS system performance to obtain personal opinions of remote pastoral people who rely on SPS systems to provide basic needs. This research concluded that the impressive growth in total renewable energy capacity in remote off-grid SPS systems in WA is primarily due to subsidies that aim to fuel-switch to renewable energy sources. Despite this, other major reasons for the increases in renewable energy capacity are escalating conventional fuel costs, difficulties in attracting qualified service contractors, increasing desire for quiet, 24-h energy services, and a range of unique situations. Despite the increased use of renewable energy technologies, this research reinforced previous research conclusions that consistently found both the conventional and renewable energy service sector wanting in remote areas. Three areas needing attention to sustain the growth in renewable capacity are: technical SPS system integration, service infrastructure, and technical reliability.
The existing Key Aggregate Searchable Encryption (KASE) schemes allow searches on the encrypted dataset using a single query trapdoor, with a feature to delegate the search rights of multiple files using a constant size key. However, the operations required to generate the ciphertext and decrypt it in these schemes incur higher computational costs, due to the computationally expensive pairing operations in encryption/decryption. This makes the use of such schemes in resource-constrained devices, such as Radio Frequency Identification Devices, Wireless Sensor Network nodes, Internet of Things nodes, infeasible. Motivated with the goal to reduce the computational cost, in this paper, we propose a Revocable Online/Offline KASE (R-OO-KASE) scheme, based on the idea of splitting the encryption/decryption operations into two distinct phases: online and offline. The offline phase computes the majority of costly operations when the device is on an electrical power source. The online phase generates final output with the minimal computational cost when the message (or ciphertext) and keywords become known. In addition, the proposed scheme R-OO-KASE also offers multi-keyword search capability and allows the data owners to revoke the delegated rights at any point in time, the two features are not supported in the existing schemes. The security analysis and empirical evaluations show that the proposed scheme is efficient to use in resource-constrained devices and provably secure as compared to the existing KASE schemes.
Layered LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 was synthesized by a self-combustion reaction, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectra, and was studied as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of this cathode material was tested in coin cells using galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The galvanostatic cycling was performed in different potential ranges beginning with lower potential limit of 2.5V and upper potentials of 4.2V, 4.3V and 4.6V. Specific capacity values of 150 and 160mAhg−1 are obtained when it is cycled between 2.5–4.2V and 2.5–4.3V, respectively. A higher specific capacity of about 190mAhg−1 is obtained when cycled to the upper potential of 4.6V. However, capacity fading and a shift of the average discharge voltage to lower values upon cycling was found when the electrodes were cycled in the range 2.5–4.6V. The formation of a spinel-like phase was clearly identified from analysis by HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy of cycled electrodes when the upper potential limit was 4.6V. These studies suggest that structural changes occur at potentials around 4.3V that may affect the average potentials. EIS study indicates that there is an increase in the charge-transfer resistance at potentials higher than 4.4V, suggesting that these electrodes develop low electronic conductivity, at least at the interfaces, when delithiated at high potentials.
Anionic redox reactions in cathodes of lithium-ion batteries are allowing opportunities to double or even triple the energy density. However, it is still challenging to develop a cathode, especially with Earth-abundant elements, that enables anionic redox activity for real-world applications, primarily due to limited strategies to intercept the oxygenates from further irreversible oxidation to O2 gas. Here we report simultaneous iron and oxygen redox activity in a Li-rich anti-fluorite Li5FeO4 electrode. During the removal of the first two Li ions, the oxidation potential of O2− is lowered to approximately 3.5 V versus Li+/Li0, at which potential the cationic oxidation occurs concurrently. These anionic and cationic redox reactions show high reversibility without any obvious O2 gas release. Moreover, this study provides an insightful guide to designing high-capacity cathodes with reversible oxygen redox activity by simply introducing oxygen ions that are exclusively coordinated by Li+.
RuO2 modified TiO2 nanotube arrays, growing on Ti foams, are used as carbon and binder free cathodes for Li–O2 batteries. The micrometer pores in Ti foams and nanometer pores in TiO2 nanotubes supply facilitated transport channels for oxygen diffusing into/out of the catalysts in discharge and charge processes. The RuO2 catalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic active toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which leads the charge voltage maintaining around 3.7 V all through the battery cycling. The stability of TiO2/Ti support, abundant oxygen transport path and favorable catalytic activity of RuO2 toward OER enable the Li–O2 batteries exhibiting 130 cycle discharge/charge.
Municipal solid waste management is a multidisciplinary activity that includes generation, source separation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and recovery, and, last but not least, disposal. The optimization of waste collection, through source separation, is compulsory where a landfill based management must be overcome. In this paper, a few aspects related to the implementation of a Web-GIS based system are analyzed. This approach is critically analyzed referring to the experience of two Italian case studies and two additional extra-European case studies. The first case is one of the best examples of selective collection optimization in Italy. The obtained efficiency is very high: 80% of waste is source separated for recycling purposes. In the second reference case, the local administration is going to be faced with the optimization of waste collection through Web-GIS oriented technologies for the first time. The starting scenario is far from an optimized management of municipal solid waste. The last two case studies concern pilot experiences in China and Malaysia. Each step of the Web-GIS oriented strategy is comparatively discussed referring to typical scenarios of developed and transient economies. The main result is that transient economies are ready to move toward Web oriented tools for MSW management, but this opportunity is not yet well exploited in the sector.
Studying liver microsomes from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced or vehicle-treated (noninduced) mice, we evaluated the in vitro effects of added chemicals on the production of reactive oxygen due to substrate/P450-mediated uncoupling. The catalase-inhibited NADPH-dependent H2O2 production (luminol assay) was lower in induced than noninduced microsomes. The effects of adding chemicals (2.5 μM) in vitro could be divided into three categories: Group 1, highly halogenated and coplanar compounds that increased H2O2 production at least 5-fold in induced, but not in noninduced, microsomes; Group 2, non-coplanar halogenated biphenyls that did not affect H2O2 production; Group 3, minimally halogenated biphenyls and benzo[a]pyrene that decreased H2O2 production. Molar consumption of NADPH and O2 and molar H2O2 production (o-dianisidine oxidation) revealed that Group 1 compounds mostly increased, Group 2 had no effect, and Group 3 decreased the H2O2/O2 and H2O2/NADPH ratios. Microsomal lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) was proportional to H2O2 production. Although TCDD induction decreased microsomal production of H2O2, addition of Group 1 compounds to TCDD-induced microsomes in vitro stimulated the second-electron reduction of cytochrome P450 and subsequent release of H2O2 production. This pathway is likely to contribute to the oxidative stress response and associated toxicity produced by many of these environmental chemicals.
A simple combustion method has been tried for the preparation of nanoparticle-sized LiBiO2 powder with urea as the igniter and glycerol as the binding material. Nitrates of Li+ and Bi3+ were mixed together to form a uniform mixture. Required quantities of urea and glycerol were added to this mixture to form a paste. This paste was carefully heated to 100° C initially and finally heated to 460° C for 5 h. The product obtained was subjected to TG/DTA and XRD analysis. The particle size of the cathode material was roughly calculated from the X-ray data using Scherer equation. However, SEM and EDAX analysis were carried out in detail to confirm the particle size and the composition of LiBiO2 respectively. A 2016 coin type button cell was assembled with LiBiO2 as cathode and graphite as anode containing polypropylene separator and a solution of 1 M LiClO4 dissolved in 1:1 (EC+DEC) mixture as the electrolyte. Charge/discharge studies were conducted to establish viability of the reversible cell
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a nervous-system-seeking extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that shares common morphologic and molecular features with diffuse large B-cell lymphomaLymphomagenesis is probably promoted through direct transforming properties of infectious agents (Epstein–Barr virus in immunocompromised patients) or sustained antigenic stimulation by infection or autoimmune diseasePCNSL presents with syndromes ranging from language deficits, paresis of extremities, brain swelling, brainstem dysfunction, endocrine dysregulation and behavioral abnormalities to peripheral neuropathies and signs of vitreous diseaseDiagnosis of PCNSL requires histopathological confirmation; clonality assessment by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement analysis or flow cytometry might prove useful not only for initial diagnosis but also for detection of minimal residual diseaseHigh-dose methotrexate is an essential component of any treatment regimen for PCNSL
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a nervous-system-seeking extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Microscopically, PCNSL resembles systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the two disorders share common molecular features; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCNSL, including the causative role of somatic gene alterations, remain uncertain. Survival and functional outcome in patients with PCNSL have improved markedly since the deferral of cranial irradiation and the provision of methotrexate-based chemotherapy became standard of care, but most patients relapse, and the 5-year survival rate remains inferior to that of patients over 60 years of age with DLBCL outside the nervous system. This Review highlights advances in our understanding of PCNSL, as well as current approaches to its diagnosis and therapy.
Li-rich and stoichiometric Li1Mn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO) cathode films have been successfully prepared by magnetron sputtering. Sputtering from a Li stoichiometric target yields Li-rich films composed of spinel, layered and monoclinic phases. Films obtained from a Li deficient target are mostly made of a spinel phase and little layered material. The resulting cathode thin films have good capacity retention and very high rate capability. The reaction mechanism has been investigated by XRD and HRTEM and evidences the reversible formation of a spinel phase, as is generally found for the powder samples. The film geometry enables us to understand the effect of coatings (ZnO or LiPON). Coating high voltage cathodes reduces the coulombic losses, but at the price of rate performance. Nonetheless, these coated sputtered electrode thin films offer a higher rate capability than other LMNO thin films obtained by other physical vapor deposition techniques.
The impact of cannabis on the adolescent compared to adult brain is of interest to researchers and society alike. From a theoretical perspective, adolescence represents a period of both risk and resilience to the harms of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a critical examination of the moderating role of age on the relationship between cannabis use and cognition. To this end, we reviewed human and animal studies that formally tested whether age, adolescent or adult, changes the relationship between cannabis exposure and cognitive outcomes. While the results of this review do not offer a conclusive answer on the role of age, the novel review question, along with the inclusion of both human and animal work, has allowed for the formation of new hypotheses to be addressed in future work. First, general executive functioning seems to be more impaired in adolescent frequent cannabis users compared to adult frequent cannabis users. Second, age-effects may be most prominent among very heavy and dependent users. Third, craving and inhibitory control may not decrease as much post-intoxication in adolescents compared to adults. Lastly, adolescents’ vulnerability to reduced learning following cannabis use may not persist after sustained abstinence. If these hypotheses prove correct, it could lead to important developments in policy and prevention efforts.
Herein, we report the preparation of porous carbon from palm kernel shell and loading of tin oxide‑cobalt oxide in its pores using a facile in-situ encapsulation synthesis strategy. The as-synthesized SnO2/Co3O4@C composite was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. This composite was used as an electrode for supercapacitors. Electrochemical charge storage capabilities of the composite were measured using cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous 6 M KOH and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes. The SnO2/Co3O4@C composite showed over 70% higher specific capacitance (177 F g−1) than the pure porous carbon (106 F g−1) in 6 M KOH. Among these electrolytes, the composite exhibited an enhanced electrochemical performance in KOH electrolyte due to its smaller hydrated ion radius, high ionic mobility and lower equivalent series resistance than Na2SO4.
Expressing breast milk has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in some developed countries. Concurrently, breast pumps have evolved to be more sophisticated and aesthetically appealing, adapted for domestic use, and have become more readily available. In the past, expressed breast milk feeding was predominantly for those infants who were premature, small or unwell; however it has become increasingly common for healthy term infants. The aim of this paper is to systematically explore the literature related to breast milk expressing by women who have healthy term infants, including the prevalence of breast milk expressing, reported reasons for, methods of, and outcomes related to, expressing.
Lithium salts play a critical role in initiating electrochemical reactions in Li-ion batteries. Single Li ions dissociate from bulk-salt and associate with carbonates to form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during the first charge-discharge of the battery. SEI formation and the chemical stability of salt must both be controlled and optimized to minimize irreversible reactions in SEI formation and to suppress the decomposition of the salt at high temperatures. This study synthesizes a new benzimidazole-based anion in the electrolyte. This anion, pentafluorophosphate benzimidazole, results from a Lewis acid-base reaction between the benzimidazole anion and PF5. The new pentafluorophosphate benzimidazole anion inhibits the decomposition of LiPF6 by inhibiting PF5 side reactions, which degrade the SEI, and lead to the formation of LiF and HF at high temperatures. In addition, the use of the pentafluorophosphate benzimidazole anion results in the formation of a modified SEI that is able to modify the battery's performance. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as charge-discharge and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been used to characterize the materials in this study. The formation of the pentafluorophosphate benzimidazole anion in the electrolyte caused a 14% decrease in the activation energy for ionic diffusion, a 19% increase in capacity at room temperature, and led to a well-maintained battery performance at 60°C, compared with an electrolyte only cell used in conjunction with the anion of PF6 −.
Nano/micro-structured Si/CNT/C and Si-Cu/CNT/C microspheres are prepared by two simple steps of spray drying and carbonization, which are efficient and easy to scale up. In the Si/CNT/C composites, silicon particles (about 50–200nm) are covered by a layer of carbon formed by pyrolysis of phenol-formaldenhyde resin (PF), which, in turn, connects with the three-dimensional multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) conductive network. Numerous open pores, which could buffer volume expansion of silicon and improve the electrode kinetics, are engendered in the microspheres due to the rapid evaporation of solvent and unfoldment of flexible MWCNTs. Moreover, introduction of small amount of copper (5wt.%) into the microspheres as Cu3Si phase reinforces the mechanical stability and improves the electronic conductivity. The favorable Si/CNT/C composite structure leads to significantly improved cycling stability and rate performance (ca. 1250mAhg−1 at 5Ag−1) compared to pristine Si particles. Addition of copper further enhances the capacity retention to 91.2% after 80 cycles.
A model to account for the role of the ceramic fillers in enhancing the transport properties of PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes is here proposed. The model is supported by a series of specifically addressed electrochemical tests which included the determination of the conductivity and of the lithium transference number of various composite electrolyte samples differing from the type of the surface states of the ceramic filler.
Aims Using psychological and quality of life assessment tools, we prospectively studied changes in health-related quality of life and emotional well-being in patients who had commenced GLP-1 analogue therapy (exenatide) and compared them with new insulin starters. Methods Two matched groups of patients with type 2 diabetes who had suboptimal glycaemic control on oral medication were assessed using a battery of well-validated psychological and quality of life tests at baseline, prior to commencement of treatment and then again after 6 months of continuous therapy, along with body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements. Results In the exenatide-treated patient group (n=71), treatment satisfaction was greater (P<.05), as was the well-being score, at 6 months (P<.05), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were significantly reduced (P<.05) when compared with the insulin-treated group (n=67). This was also found to be independent of changes in BMI in an analysis of covariance calculation. The effect size (using Cohen's d) of these changes was however relatively small. Conclusions Although exenatide and insulin appear to have similar efficacy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there are several differences between them that could influence outcomes from a patient's perspective. Exenatide affects both physiological and psychological parameters. ‘Well-being’ generally tends to improve in exenatide-treated patients and could be used as an adjunctive therapy for depression in the context of diabetes. A larger study is required to confirm these interesting findings.