batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The use of sodium manganese oxide as an intercalation electrode for water treatment was recently explored, and referred to as a “desalination battery” and “hybrid capacitive deionization”. Here, we examine the feasibility of using such a desalination battery, comprising crystalline Na4Mn9O18 as the cathode and Ag/AgCl/Cl− electrode as the anode, to extract energy from low-grade waste heat sources. Sodium manganese oxide electrode's material was produced via a solid-state synthesis. Electrodes were produced by spray-coated onto graphite foils, and showed a temperature dependence of the electrode potential, namely, ∂ E / ∂ T , of −0.63 mV/K (whereas, the Ag/AgCl/Cl− mesh electrode showed much lower temperature dependence, < 0.1 mV/K). In order to demonstrate ion-removal capabilities together with the feasibility of thermal-energy conversion, a flow battery system was constructed. Thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles (TREC) were constructed for the flow battery cell. The thermal energy conversion, in this particular system, was shown to be feasible at relatively low C-rate (C/19) with temperatures varying between 30 °C and 70 °C.
Fingertip is the most sensitive region in human body due to the unique fingerprint patterns and interlocked structure between epidermal-dermal, which amplify the tactile stimuli and enhance the sensitivity. Inspired by the complicated anatomical structure, we fabricated a finger skin inspired e-skin system composed of fingerprint inspired triboelectric generator (TENG), epidermal-dermal inspired hybrid porous microstructure (HPMS) pressure sensor and subcutaneous fat inspired fabric based porous supercapacitor (FPSC). The TENG is responsible for detecting sliding direction and speed with the help of the four spiral electrodes, which adopt the frequency rather than the amplitude to detect the signal to avoid interfere from the environment. The HPMS, on the one hand, integrates the advantages from both the microstructure and porous structure to enhance the sensitivity further. On the other hand, the sensitivity of HPMS sensor is tunable by designing the shape and porosity of the HPMS, which is proved by theory, simulation and experiment. The FPSC, which can tolerate some degree of compression, works to supply energy for the pressure sensor. In this way, the sensor system can work independently without external battery. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, this sensor system has been used to detect complex action including pressure and sliding. During this process, the pressure and sliding direction and speed can be detected simultaneously without connecting to external energy source, showing its potential application area in soft robot and wearable devices.
Confronted with challenges in promoting fast AlxCly− anion diffusion and intercalation for aluminum ion batteries (AIBs), it is of vital importance to rationally design gradient hetero-interfaces with an ideal built-in interfacial electric potential to enhance charge diffusion and transfer kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate an effective strategy to realize accurate tuning gradient heteroatom N and P doping in MOF-derived porous carbon in C@N-C@N,P-C graded heterostructures. Importantly, gradient N and P doping could modify the electronic structure of MOF-derived carbon as certified by DFT calculations, and lead to charge redistribution to induce graded energy levels and a built-in electric field in the C@N-C@N,P-C graded heteroatomic interface, thus boosting interfacial charge transfer and accelerating reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the large surface area and high porosity of C@N-C@N,P-C graded heterostructures could efficiently absorb electrolyte and enhance anion transport kinetics. As expected, the designed gradiently N,P-doped C@N-C@N,P-C heterostructure with a built-in interfacial electric field could facilitate electron and AlCl4− anion transfer spontaneously between N,P-C, N-C and C gradient components, exhibiting a superior capacity of 98 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1 after 2500 cycles. This strategy reveals new insights about the gradient energy band for designing high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Columnar silicon structures are proven as high performance anodes for high energy batteries paired with low (sulfur) or high (nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide, NCA) voltage cathodes. The introduction of a fluorinated ether/sulfolane solvent mixture drastically improves the capacity retention for both battery types due to an improved solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of the silicon electrode which reduces irreversible reactions normally causing lithium loss and rapid capacity fading. For the lithium silicide/sulfur battery cycling stability is significantly improved as compared to a frequently used reference electrolyte (DME/DOL) reaching a constant coulombic efficiency (CE) as high as 98%. For the silicon/NCA battery with higher voltage, the addition of only small amounts of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to the novel electrolyte leads to a stable capacity over at least 50 cycles and a CE as high as 99.9%. A high volumetric energy density close to 1000 Wh l−1 was achieved with the new electrolyte taking all inactive components of the stack into account for the estimation.
High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating electrochemically stable non-volatile electrolytes are especially desirable devices. In particular, ionic liquid systems based on ethylmethylimidazolium dicyanamide seem to be promising for this purpose. These have triggered our interest in the properties of further ethylmethylimidazolium-based ionic liquids with anions which are close relatives of dicyanamide. In this study, the effect of three different anions, tricyanomethanide, dicyanamide and thiocyanate, on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells have been investigated. Both the short circuit photocurrent and conversion efficiency are increased with decreasing viscosity of the ionic liquids under comparable conditions. A conversion efficiency of 2.1% at 30% light intensity was observed for the cell containing the tricyanomethanide salt, which has lowest viscosity among the three ionic liquids, while efficiencies of 0.7% and 1.7% at the same light intensity were observed in the case of dicyanamide and thiocyanate salts, respectively, as an electrolyte. To cite this article: Q. Dai et al., C. R. Chimie 9 (2006) .
To understand the reasons behind the large environmental impact from buildings the whole life cycle needs to be considered. Therefore, this study evaluates the carbon dioxide emissions in all stages of a single-family house in Sweden from the production of building materials, followed by construction and user stages until the end-of-life of the building in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The methodology applied is attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) based on ‘One Click LCA’ tool and a calculated life span of 100 years. Global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy (PE) are calculated by using specific data from the case study, furthermore the data regarding building materials are based on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). The results show that the selection of wood-based materials has a significantly lower impact on the carbon dioxide emissions in comparison with non-wood based materials. The total emissions for this single-family house in Sweden are 6 kg CO2e/m2/year. The production stage of building materials, including building systems and installations represent 30% of the total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, while the maintenance and replacement part represents 37%. However, energy use during the in-use stage of the house recorded lower environmental impact (21%) due to the Swedish electricity mix that is mostly based on energy sources with low carbon dioxide emissions. The water consumption, construction and the end-of-life stages have shown minor contribution to the buildings total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (12%). The primary energy indicator shows the largest share in the operational phase of the house.
The electrochemistry of the V(IV)/V(III) redox couple influences the initial pre-charging of the electrolyte in vanadium redox-flow batteries to produce a catholyte and anolyte containing V(V)/V(IV) and V(III)/V(II) couples respectively. The electrochemical conversion of V(III) to V(IV) at a glassy carbon electrode has been studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry in sulfuric acid solutions containing 1.6M and 0.25M of V(III) species. A sigmoid-shaped voltammetric response with a half-wave potential at 0.1V vs. Hg/Hg2SO4 was observed at low scan rates and was attributed to the oxidation of V(III) at an oxidatively pretreated glassy carbon electrode. The attribution of voltammetric responses was consistent with results from a spectroelectrochemical study in 0.25M vanadium electrolyte solution at a reticulated glassy carbon electrode. Initial pre-charging of V3.5+ electrolyte in vanadium redox-flow batteries is assumed to be accompanied by the generation of V(V) in the catholyte and its chemical reaction with V(III) to form V(IV).
As one of the most potential electrode materials for supercapacitors, nitrogen-enriched nanocarbons are still facing challenge of constructing developed mesoporosity for rapid mass transportation and tailoring their pore size for performance optimization and expanding their application scopes. Herein we develop a series of nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbon (NMC) with extremely high mesoporosity and tunable mesopore size by a two-step method using silica gel as template. In our approach, mesopore size can be easily tailored from 4.7 to 35 nm by increasing the HF/TEOS volume ratio from 1/100 to 1/4. The NMC with mesopores of 6.2 nm presents the largest mesopore volume, surface area and mesopore ratio of 2.56 cm3 g−1, 1003 m2 g−1 and 97.7%, respectively. As a result, the highest specific capacitance of 325 F g−1 can be obtained at the current density of 0.1 A g−1, which can stay over 88% (286 F g−1) as the current density increases by 100 times (10 A g−1). This approach may open the doors for preparation of nitrogen-enriched nanocarbons with desired nanostructure for numerous applications.
Anionic redox provides extra capacity for battery electrodes, but it is challenging to realize its full potential. Tarascon and colleagues report a record-high reversible capacity of 3.5 electrons per Ir in a Li3IrO4 phase, and discuss the importance of increasing the ratio of oxygen versus transition metal.
We present herein localized galvanostatic and potentiodynamic measurements on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) particles, using the combination of a scanning micropipette contact method (SMCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed technique allows small substrate areas (∼10 μm in diameter) decorated with LFP particles to be probed within a lithium electrolyte solution in organic carbonate solvents (0.1 M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate in the present study). SEM images of the scanned area allow the correlation of each electrochemical response to the number, and volume of the probed particles. Under favorable conditions, single particles are found within the measurement areas, thus enabling the determination of single particle properties in an anaerobic environment without the additional complications arising from the presence of binders and electronically conductive fillers. The ability to analyze a material with complementary experimental techniques at the single particle level should create new opportunities for fundamental studies and for the quality control of granular materials.
The demand for power generation of the world is increasing day by day so the use of hybrid systems become an important solution. The hybrid systems are used for supplying power in different areas to overcome the intermittence of solar and wind resources. The hybrid system incorporate two or more renewable energy sources so techno economics analysis of different combinations of hybrid systems is necessary for efficient utilization of renewable energy resources. In this study an extensive review of power generation from different hybrid systems are carried out and research gaps are identified. To conduct our studies different hybrid systems such Photovoltaic (PV)-Wind-Diesel-Battery, PV-Diesel-Battery, PV-Wind-Diesel, Wind-Diesel-Battery, Wind-Diesel, PV-Diesel are investigated for different cities Amritsar, Ludhiana, Patiala, and Chandigarh in Punjab, India. The telecommunication load demand is used in HOMER simulation. The results show that the PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery produce more power in comparison to PV-Diesel-Battery, PV-Wind-Diesel, Wind-Diesel-Battery, Wind-Diesel, PV- Diesel system. The cost of energy (COE) is found to be 0.162 $/kWh, 0.210 $/kWh, 0.198 $/kWh, 0.199 $/kWh respective cities for load 1.3kW peak, providing best combination PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery system are useful for generation of power.
Metal sulfide-based electrochemical supercapacitors are widely attracted owing to their high electrical conductivity and excellent redox properties. Moreover, the fabrication of high performance supercapacitors based on simple and cost effective chemical routes is in strong demand. In this study, a facile and low cost, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique is used to form a Cu2SAg2S composite electrode on nickel foam in a common sulfur source beaker for both copper and silver with less time and material consumption. The electrodes exhibits a high specific capacity of 772 Cg−1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs−1 compared to pristine Cu2S and Ag2S and shows excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 89% after 2000 CV cycles. This is attributed to the highly conductive and reactive Ag2S layer, which simplifies the diffusion of electrolyte ions to access active Cu2S materials and facilitates rapid electron transport to achieve high-performance battery-type supercapacitors. This study provides a simple and cost-effective approach to the fabrication of high-performance battery-type supercapacitors based on highly conductive and earth-abundant, copper-based composite metal sulfide electrodes.
In this paper, a lightweight Pb plated Al (Al/Pb) grid was prepared by molten salt electroless plating. The SEM and bonding strength test show that the lead coating is deposited with a smooth surface and firm combination. CV test shows that the electrochemical properties of Al/Pb electrodes are stable. 2.0 V single-cell flooded lead-acid batteries with Al/Pb grids as negative collectors are assembled and the performances including 20 h capacity, rate capacity, cycle life, internal resistance are investigated. The results show that the cycle life of Al/Pb-grid cells is about 475 cycles and can meet the requirement of lead-acid batteries. Al/Pb grids are conducive to the refinement of PbSO4 grain, and thereby reduce the internal resistance of battery and advance the utilization of active mass. Moreover, weight of Al/Pb grid is only 55.4% of the conventional-grid. In this way, mass specific capacity of Al/Pb-grid negatives is 17.8% higher and the utilization of active mass is 6.5% higher than conventional-grid negatives.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Dryopteris crassirhizoma has been traditionally used for the treatment of tapeworm infestation, the common cold and cancer in Korea, China and Japan. Despite various pharmacological properties of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, there is no available information about the safety of Dryopteris crassirhizoma. Aim of this study To ensure more information about the safety of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, we performed the acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity tests of Dryopteris crassirhizoma. Materials and methods The acute oral toxicity test of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was performed in rats. Genotoxicity of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was evaluated by bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and bone marrow micronucleus tests. Results In acute toxicity test, Dryopteris crassirhizoma exhibited no mortality, body weight and behavioral changes and adverse effects in male and female rats. Dryopteris crassirhizoma did not significantly increase the number of the bacterial revertant and chromosomal aberration in both in vitro assays. Moreover, the Dryopteris crassirhizoma-related increases of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in mouse bone marrow were not observed. Conclusion Therefore, Dryopteris crassirhizoma is non-genotoxic in a three standard battery of tests and the oral LD50 of Dryopteris crassirhizoma is >2000mg/kg.
A novel series of molten salts based on asymmetric sulfonium cations ([R1R2RS]+, wherein R1, R2 =CH3, R=C2H5, n-C4H9, n-C6H13, n-C8H17, corresponding to S112 +, S114 +, S116 +, S118 +, respectively) with TFSI− or PF6 − anion as novel electrolytes have been prepared and characterized. Some of the physical and electrochemical properties of the salts, including thermal property, density, solubility in common solvents, conductivity, and electrochemical stability have been investigated. Three types of phase transition behavior and two types of decomposition behavior have been observed for these molten salts on heating. In the case of [R1R2RS]+ PF6 −, which have much higher solubility in water compared to those with imidazolium cation which have only alkyl groups. In addition, the Arrhenius equation approximately describes the relationship between conductivity and temperature for some of these sulfonium-based molten salts with TFSI− anion in the high temperature region studied. The electrochemical windows are approximately 4.1V for S112TFSI and S114TFSI, which are liquid at room temperature (25°C).
Battery lifetime simulation and optimization still suffers from the need of accurate but not too computationally intensive models. Electrical equivalent models (EEMs) are often used in automotive industry due to their efficiency. However, aging extensions for EEMs are typically based on empirical relations and fail outside their design scope. Single particle models (SPMs) on the other hand, are one of the simplest forms of electrochemical models which might still be suitable for automotive applications. Although EEM and SPM are differently motivated and developed, cross connections between both model types are discussed. Based on a simplification of SPM aging relations, a more comprehensive empirical aging model for EEMs denoted by SPM–EEM is described and compared to already existing models. As an example, both models are adjusted to fit a LiMn2O4 (LMO) cell chemistry. The derived SPM–EEM shows first promising results to improve the accuracy. Even though SPMs are slightly superior in predictability than EEMs, they are often too complex to run on control devices. Improving the predictability of EEMs is, therefore, an important step to improve aging estimation and optimization for automotive applications.
Lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) was investigated as an electrolyte additive for the Li-S battery. This additive was identified to be an efficient electrolyte additive to suppress the polysulfide shuttling effect existing in the conventional Li–S chemistry. To detect the positive impact of the new additive, oligo(ethylene glycol) functionalized silane was employed as the electrolyte solvent due to its high solvation capability with the lithium polysulfides. The electrochemical results and the SEM data of Li–S battery using the new electrolyte confirmed the role of the LiDFOB as a critical component to eliminate the shuttling of the dissolved polysulfides thus enabling a high coulombic efficiency.
Lisicon-type ceramic electrolytes, Li4.11Zn0.04Al0.03Si0.93O4 and Li4.11Zn0.04Cr0.03Si0.93O4, were synthesized by sol gel method. X-ray diffraction was applied to investigate the phase, structure and unit cell parameters of both solid electrolytes. The information of particles size distribution was obtained by laser particle sizer. Meanwhile, energy dispersive X-ray was used for elemental composition analysis. The complex impedance spectroscopy was carried out in the frequency range 10Hz–10MHz and temperature range 273K to 773K to study the electrical properties of the electrolytes. Both compounds were indexed to the monoclinic unit cell in the space group P2 1/ m. The particle size in Cr substituted sample was smaller compared to that in the Al substituted sample. The EDX results showed that the chemical compositions for both compounds were very close to the designed compositions. The Li4.11Zn0.04Cr0.03Si0.93O4 compound gave slightly higher total conductivity values of 3.16×10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and 1.78×10−3 S cm−1 at 773K compared to Li4.11Zn0.04Al0.03Si0.93O4 which showed total conductivity values of 1.16×10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and 1.12×10−3 S cm−1 at 773K. The conductivity-frequency spectra were used to estimate the ionic hopping rate in the structure. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were found to decrease with the increase of frequency but increased with the increase of temperature. Ionic transference number corresponding to Li+ ion transport determined by means of Bruce and Vincent technique is 0.93 and 0.94 for Li4.11Zn0.04Al0.03Si0.93O4 and Li4.11Zn0.04Cr0.03Si0.93O4 respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry results demonstrated that the Li4.11Zn0.04Cr0.03Si0.93O4 and Li4.11Zn0.04Al0.03Si0.93O4 ceramic electrolytes was electrochemically stable up to 4.10V and 3.5V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode respectively.
Ni,Zn-codoped spinel MgCo2O4 is in-situ grown on Co foam through a simple one-pot hydrothermal process, which acts as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitor and aqueous rechargeable Zn battery. As-prepared Ni,Zn-codoped MgCo2O4 electrode exhibits enhanced capacitance (14.43 F cm−2 or 1500 F g−1) and cycling stability (no decay of its initial capacitance after 20000 cycles), and its asymmetric supercapacitor with AC as negative electrode delivers ultrahigh rate capability, good energy density and excellent cycling durability. In addition, aqueous rechargeable Zn battery consisting of this Ni,Zn-codoped MgCo2O4 cathode and Zn anode presents ultrahigh capacity (1.93 mA h cm−2) and excellent cycling durability (no decay of its initial capacitance after 30000 cycles). This work supplies a new strategy in designing and constructing high-performance and binder-free spinel type electrode for supercapacitor and aqueous rechargeable Zn battery.
Changes in the resonant frequency of quartz crystals coated with thin films of a Ni–Al–Cl LDH exchanged with [Fe(CN)6]4− were monitored. Impedance measurements show no changes in the conductance spectra of the nickel LDH films, before and after adsorption of [Fe(CN)6]4−, or before and after potential scanning, indicating that the films were rigid and that the frequency shifts were due to mass changes. Adsorption of [Fe(CN)6]4− by a 7.5-μg Ni–Al–Cl films resulted in a frequency drop of −300±10Hz, corresponding to a mass gain of 260±10ng. This was attributed to the replacement of 85% of the chloride ions from the LDH interlayer spaces by much heavier [Fe(CN)6]4− ions. Electrochemical oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− in nickel LDH films was accompanied by a reversible decrease in mass. The mass per electron transferred (MPEs) obtained, −41, −23, and −14g/mol, in potassium acetate, sodium acetate, and magnesium acetate, respectively, matched the molar mass of the electrolyte cations. This indicates that charge neutralization occurred by the simple loss or gain of electrolyte cations. Similarly, the MPEs obtained for a [Mo(CN)8]4− exchanged Ni–Al LDH and for [Fe(CN)6]4− exchanged Zn–Al LDH matched the molar mass of the electrolyte cations. Lost or gain of cations from the electrolyte appears to be a general charge balancing mechanism during the electrochemical reaction of metal cyanides anions in the LDH-modified electrodes.