batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning is a versatile method for preparation of submicron-size fibers under ambient temperature. We demonstrate a new approach based on this method for preparing an electrode which consists of the fibers coated with nickel oxide (NiO) and acetylene black (AB) on their surfaces. The NiO/polymer fibrous electrodes show the electrochemical responses based on the electrochemical reaction of Ni(OH)2 which is produced from NiO in alkaline aqueous solution. The capacitance of the test half cell with the as-prepared NiO/polymer fibrous electrode in 1moll−1 KOH aqueous solution is 5.8Fg−1 (per gram of NiO). Heat treatment (at 150°C for 1h in the air) of the NiO/polymer fibrous electrode increases the capacitance of the NiO/polymer fibrous electrode. The capacitance of the cell with the heat treated (HT) NiO/polymer fibrous electrode is 163Fg−1 (per gram of NiO). SEM observation of the heat treated electrode suggests that partial melt of the fibers on the current collector forms the conducting passes and networks between the NiO particles and the collector and increases the specific capacity of the fibrous electrode.
Fezf2 (Fezl) is a transcription factor that specifies corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) originating from cortical layer 5b. Lodato et al. use cortical progenitor isolation from developing mouse brain and gene expression profiling to identify genes downstream of Fezf2 and demonstrate co-regulation of CSMN gene ensembles by Fezf2 in establishing CSMN cell identity.
This study investigated the differences between DCD and typically developing children in motor and cognitive abilities, and determined which tasks were best indicators in order to assess children with and without DCD. The study adopted the PASS theory of information processing in motor and cognition. Participants were 42 preschool students 5 years old (24 DCD and 18 non DCD). Results revealed that DCD differed significantly (p<0.05) from non DCD students and performed at a lower level on all motor and cognitive tasks. The discriminant analysis showed the strengths and weaknesses for both groups. Early identification of specific cognitive-motor difficulties, as a precursor of academic performance, contributes to early intervention.
Oxygen evolution reaction is a critical reaction for renewable energy technologies. Conventionally, metal phosphides or metal sulfides are active for HER, their OER activity is relatively poor. Herein, we have precisely prepared quaternary (NiFe)PS3 nanosheets as ultra-effective OER catalysts via a one-step sulfurization and phosphorization method with NiFe prussian blue analogues as precursors. The systematic results demonstrate that the coexistence of PBA, P and S sources is the keypoint for the nanosheet structure. The (NiFe)PS3 nanosheets show very good OER activity with a super-low overpotential (223 mV) to reach 10 mA cm-2. However, from the energy diagrams, we find that the basal plane of (NiFe)PS3 is almost inert to OER due to the prohibitively high theoretical overpotential of 1.50 V, derives from the weak binding of OH* and OOH* intermediates, and only unsaturated Fe and Ni atoms locate on the (010) plane of (NiFe)PS3 are active for OER. The further ex-situ characterizations demonstrate that the in-situ electrochemically formed oxohydroxide layer on the nanosheets contributes significantly to the OER actvity. This work not only provides a simple method to synthesize quaternary bimetallic phosphosulphide nanosheets, but also provides a deep understanding on the origin of the high activity of (NiFe)PS3 nanosheets.
Electrochemical supercapacitors based on metal oxide nanostructures are poised to provide integration of power sources onto electronic devices, but they suffer from poor cycle lifetime, as well as low energy and power density. To tackle these problems, we report a simple, low-cost, safe and broadly applicable hierarchical bottom-up assembly route for the formation of ultrathin (3nm) vanadium oxide (V2O5) film on conducting MWCNTs. The ultrathin V2O5 shows a very high capacitance of 510Fg−1 and possesses excellent cyclic stability with negligible decrease in specific capacitance after 5000 cycles. The supercapacitor device based on this hierarchical bottom-up assembly exhibit an excellent charge/discharge capability, and energy densities of 16Whkg−1 at a power density of 800Wkg−1. Such high performances are due to both the high crystallinity and complete accessibility of ultra-thin film of V2O5 to the aqueous electrolyte of 2M KCl.
Here, we round up some recent developments in polymer electrolyte (proton-exchange) membrane-based fuel cell technology.
A random poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PE-A) with an acrylic acid (AA) content of 5.0–20mol% was functionalized by esterifying acrylic acid group with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. Polyethylene oxide functional groups such as a pendant were introduced into the polyethylene backbone chain. The resulting polymer (PEGM-g-EAA) can be easily formed to a thin sheet and possesses the adhesion property such as gluing. Its thin film could absorb and hold a large quantity of the electrolyte solutions employed for the lithium batteries. The ionic conductivity of the PEGM-g-EAA gel electrolyte obtained with the starting PE-A with acrylic acid content of 9.0mol% was a value of around 1.5×10−3 Scm−1 at 20°C. The ionic conductivity results obtained for the network type gel, which was entangled with the present PE-A-based polymer, were 1.1×10−3 Scm−1 and 5.5×10−3 Scm−1 at 0°C and 80°C, respectively. The characteristics of good thermostability, transparency and good adhesion to the electrodes have also been demonstrated. As an example, the test cell consisted of the proposed polyolefin gel electrolyte, a LiCoO2 cathode and a lithium anode showed excellent charge/discharge characteristics.
The paper presents a new leaching-solvent extraction hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of a pure and marketable form of cobalt sulfate solution from waste cathodic active material generated during manufacturing of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Leaching of the waste was carried out as a function of the leachant H2SO4 concentration, temperature, pulp density and reductant H2O2 concentration. The 93% of cobalt and 94% of lithium were leached at suitable optimum conditions of pulp density: 100gL−1, 2M H2SO4, 5vol.% of H2O2, with a leaching time 30min and a temperature 75°C. In subsequent the solvent extraction study, 85.42% of the cobalt was recovered using 1.5M Cyanex 272 as an extractant at an O/A ratio of 1.6 from the leach liquor at pH 5.00. The rest of the cobalt was totally recovered from the raffinate using 0.5M of Cyanex 272 and an O/A ratio of 1, and a feed pH of 5.35. Then the co-extracted lithium was scrubbed from the cobalt-loaded organic using 0.1M Na2CO3. Finally, the cobalt sulfate solution with a purity 99.99% was obtained from the cobalt-loaded organic by stripping with H2SO4.
Miniaturized energy-storage components are important to self-powered microelectronics. Microbatteries based on 3D electrode architectures hold great potential to meet the demands of high-power and high energy densities. Despite the progress in microelectrode fabrication, reports of high-performance, fully integrated 3D microbatteries are still limited due to strict material requirements and more importantly, significant hierarchical processing complexities. Here, a 3D lithium-ion microbattery made from solvothermally synthesized sub-10 nm LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystals and a novel copolymer gel electrolyte is presented and is shown to possess superior capacity retention (40% at 300 C) and high-power density (855.5 μ Wcm−2 μ m−1 ) comparable to some of the best microsupercapacitors. The customized microelectrodes are fabricated by solvent-assisted imprint lithography of well-dispersed nanoparticle ink and the battery cell is integrated vertically through layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The fabrication strategy proposed here can be applied to a variety of electroactive materials. This work provides a combinatorial approach and highlights the synergetic effects of material synthesis, processing and device design for achieving high-performance micropower sources.
This paper presents the essential features of an efficient and environmentally attractive pyrolysis for used tyres valorisation with energy and material recovery. The problem of tyres management strongly affects not only the environmental protection but even the resources maintenance, since problems related to the depletion of resources, energy demand and waste management, are strictly connected and required an integrated approach. A general guideline for EU member states, aims to reach a zero post-consumer amount of tyre disposal in landfills before the end of 21st century, to optimize and expand the already well studied ways of their treatment and find new ones, in order to accomplish a balance between economy and environmental protection. In this context, thermal treatment of end of life tyres could play a relevant role for the recovery of resources (matter and/or energy). During the past 10–15 years, several fundamental and applied studies showed that if carefully controlled, tyre pyrolysis can produce a number of valuable products. The final destination of the pyrolysis solid residue largely influences the industrial applications of pyrolysis.
This paper proposes an alternating current electric flux leakage (AC-EFL) testing method, which was verified by a series experiments. The inspection ideal and its feasibility research were detailedly presented on the basis of electric field (E-Field) theory. The inspection principle, which is to evaluate surface defect in AC-carrying metallic components using a coplanar capacitive sensor, was briefly described. Physical experiments with a prototype capacitive probe were also carried out to observe and analyze the detection performance of AC-EFL. Effects of crack size of the conducting specimen, through holes size, flat-bottom holes depth, insulation thickness between the probe and the conducting specimen, and exciting signal frequencies were studied. The proof-of-concept results indicated that the AC-EFL testing method could be used to detect surface defect for metallic specimen, and of complete feasibility and the potential of great practical value as a supplement of conventional NDT methods.
Blind people must often rely on various types of Braille aids for reading. For blind students with little or no Braille-related knowledge, the use of an informational learning platform can effectively relieve the burden currently borne by their teachers or instructor. The OntoBraille@RFID (OBR) platform adopts ontological theory to retrieve Braille knowledge to facilitate learning, and a low-cost RFID for Braille character identification. This system is equipped with a voice device so students can learn independently. OBR is also equipped with administrative functions so parents can monitor the students’ learning progress. In contrast to currently available Braille learning devices, this new system can automatically expand the Braille database. Results from trials suggest that OBR can significantly improve the learning outcome for blind students. ORB has also obtained Chinese patent certification.
Nickel and copper were coated on Si particles by a stepwise electroless deposition technique in which the coating orders of the metals were exchanged. Thick-film electrodes for Li-ion batteries were prepared by a gas-deposition method using the coated Si particles, and the anode performance of these electrodes was investigated. For (Cu, Ni)-coated Si particles obtained by primary Cu deposition and successive Ni deposition, Cu and Ni metal layers were individually deposited on the Si particles. In contrast, in case of (Ni, Cu)-coated Si particles prepared by primary Ni deposition, Cu layer stacked on Ni layer owing to a high catalytic activity of Ni, forming a thicker coated layer. The latter electrode exhibited notably improved performance with the discharge capacities over 1000mAhg−1 maintained until 400th cycle. The layer stack of Cu on Ni is probably effective for a release of a stress from the Si particles during charge–discharge reactions.
Telomere integrity is critical for chromosomal stability. Evidence is rapidly growing that impaired telomere integrity may explain the higher risk of some diseases among specific occupations. This review aimed to assess the impact of occupational toxicants exposure on telomere length (TL) and to identify each toxicant's mechanism of action based on an integrative review of available evidence. A literature search was carried out using a set of keywords in different databases. Searches were limited to English publications from 2009 to 2019. Only studies that were using blood samples for TL measurements were included. Finally, 22 studies with a total of 5674 participants, were included. These studies included factory workers from various industries, farmers, coke-oven workers, hairdressers, traffic officers, and drivers. The toxicants were grouped into four categories, including persistent organic pollutants (7 articles), aromatic amines (9 articles), heavy metals (3 articles), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (3 articles). Different effects of the same toxicant in TL were observed in various occupations. Factors such as biological characteristics of exposed individuals (especially gene variations and age), diet, lifestyle, dose, and duration of exposure might have modulatory effects on mechanisms and extent of influences of toxicants on TL. Further possible modes of actions affecting the TL are oxidative stress, telomerase expression, systemic inflammation, epigenetic modification, and genotoxicity. In conclusion, various toxicants affect TL differently, but the effect may be moderated by improving the workers’ lifestyle. The involvement of different interrelated pathways may explain the differences in TL alterations.
Li4 − 2x Ni3x Ti5 − x O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) has been synthesized via solid-state reaction. X-ray diffractions (XRD) demonstrate that all doped samples have a spinel structure with Fd 3 ¯ m space group without any impurities. Through further Rietveld refinements, it is shown that both lattice parameter and occupancy of non-Li+ ions in the 8a sites negligibly change with the amount of Ni2+ dopants. Scanning electron microscope reveals that Ni2+ doping does not change the morphology of Li4Ti5O12. The best electronic conductivity of Ni2+ doped Li4Ti5O12 is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the pristine one, while all samples have similar Li+ ion diffusion coefficients. The electrochemical performance of Ni2+ doped Li4Ti5O12 shows good rate capability. The specific capacity of Li3.9Ni0.15Ti4.95O12 at 5 C is as high as 72 mAh g−1, while that of the pristine one can only achieve 33 mAh g−1. This improved rate performance can be ascribed to its enhanced electronic conductivity.
Fast ionic conductors X LiTiO2–Y B2O3 with X:Y=90:10 and 80:20 are prepared by the solid-state reaction method and subjected to ac conductivity measurements with silver electrodes in the frequency range 42Hz to 5MHz. The ac conductivity values are 6.47×10−5 and 2.2×10−7 Ω−1 cm−1, respectively. The ion hopping rate and charge carrier concentration are calculated by fitting the conductance spectra to the power law equation, using Almond and West formalisms. The charge carrier concentration is in the order of 1025 and is independent of temperature, which supports the strong electrolyte model. The conductivity relaxation time is calculated from the peak frequency of the modulus spectra. The effect of B2O3 substitution is discussed.
A nickel-oxide film with monodispersed open macropores was prepared on a stainless-steel substrate by electrophoretic deposition of a polystyrene-sphere monolayer followed by anodic electrodeposition of nickel oxy-hydroxide. The deposited films convert to cubic nickel oxide after annealing at 400°C for 1h. Galvanostatic charge and discharge results indicate that the nickel-oxide film with monodispersed open macropores is capable of delivering a higher capacity than the bare nickel-oxide film, especially in high-rate charge and discharge processes. The lithiation capacity of macroporous nickel oxide reaches 1620mAhg−1 at 1C current discharge and decreases to 990mAhg−1 at 15C current discharge. The presence of monodispersed open macropores in the nickel-oxide film might facilitate the electrolyte penetration, diffusion, and migration. Electrochemical reactions between nickel oxide and lithium ions are therefore markedly improved by this tailored film architecture.
Synthetic indole-derived cannabinoids have become commonly used recreational drugs and continue to be abused despite their adverse consequences. As compounds that were identified early in the epidemic (e.g., naphthoylindoles) have become legally banned, new compounds have appeared on the drug market. Two tetramethylcyclopropyl ketone indoles, UR-144 [(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone] and XLR-11 [(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone], recently have been identified in confiscated products. These compounds are structurally related to a series of CB2-selective compounds explored by Abbott Labs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which UR-144 and XLR-11 shared cannabinoid effects with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Indices of in vitro and in vivo activity at cannabinoid receptors were assessed. Similar to other psychoactive cannabinoid agonists, XLR-11 and UR-144 showed low nanomolar (<30) affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, activated these receptors as full agonists, and produced dose-dependent effects that were blocked by rimonabant in mice, including antinociception, hypothermia, catalepsy and suppression of locomotor activity. The potency of both compounds was several-fold greater than Δ9-THC. XLR-11 and UR-144 also substituted for Δ9-THC in a Δ9-THC discrimination procedure in mice, effects that were attenuated by rimonabant. Analysis of urine from mice treated with the compounds revealed that both were extensively metabolized, with predominant urinary excretion as glucuronide conjugates. Together, these results demonstrate that UR-144 and XLR-11 share a pharmacological profile of in vitro and in vivo effects with Δ9-THC and other abused indole-derived cannabinoids and would be predicted to produce Δ9-THC-like subjective effects in humans.
In situ X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) techniques are applied to a metal center ionic liquid undergoing oxidation and reduction in a three electrode spectroscopic cell. Determination of the extent of reduction under negative bias on the working electrode and the extent of oxidation are determined after pulse voltammetry to quiescence. While the ionic liquid undergoes full oxidation, it undergoes only partial reduction, likely due to transport issues on the timescale of the experiment. Nearest neighbor Fe-O distances in the fully oxidized state match well to expected values for similarly coordinated solids, but reduction does not result in an extension of the Fe-O bond length, as would be expected from comparisons to the solid phase. Instead, little change in bond length is observed. We suggest that this may be due to a more complex interaction between the monodentate ligands of the metal center anion and the surrounding charge cloud, rather than straightforward electrostatics between the metal center and the nearest neighbor grouping.
received Ph.D. in Computer Science & Engineering Department of Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 2006. He joined Telecommunication R&D center at Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., from 2006 to 2008. He is now a professor at Department of Game Engineering at Paichai University, Korea. Dr. Kim has published many research papers in international journals and conferences. Dr. Kim has been served as Chairs, program committee or organizing committee chair for many international conferences and workshops; Chair of ICCCT’11, ITCS’10, HumanCom’10, EMC’10, ICA3PP’10, FutureTech’10, ACSA’09, Em-Com’09, CSA’09, CGMS’09, ISA’09, SIP’08, FGCN’08 and so on. Also Dr. Kim is guest editor of the International Journal of “IET Image Processing” and “Multimedia Tools and Applications”. His research interests include multimedia, pattern recognition, image processing, mobile graphics, geometric modeling, and interactive computer graphics. He is a member of ACM, IEEE, IEEE CS, KACE, KMMS, KKITS and KIIT.
In this paper, nanostructured hierarchical mesoporous ribbon-like NiO was synthesized by a hard-template method combining the calcination process. Nickel sulfate hexahydrate, guanidine hydrochloride and mesoporous carbon were used as nickel precursors, precipitant of weak base and template, respectively. The resultant NiO samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performances were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic chronopotentiometry (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 6M KOH solution. The typical hierarchical mesoporous ribbon-like NiO shows a good electrochemical performance: a high specific capacitance of 1260Fg−1 at 1Ag−1, 748Fg−1 at high current density of 20Ag−1 and 95% capacity retention at a current density of 10Ag−1 in a testing range of 5000 cycles.
The intercalation rate of Li+-ions in flake natural graphite (two-dimensional) with particle size from 2 to 40μm and sphere-like graphite (three-dimensional), 12 to 40μm in particle size, was investigated. The amount of Li+ ions that intercalate at different rates was determined from measurement of the reversible capacity during de-intercalation in 1M LiClO4/1:1 (volume ratio) ethylene carbonate—dimethyl carbonate. The key issues in this study are the role of the particle size and fraction of edge sites on the rate of intercalation and de-intercalation of Li+ ions. At low specific current (15.5mA/g carbon), the composition of lithiated graphite approaches the theoretical value, x=1 in Li x C6, except for the natural graphite with the largest particle size. However, x decreases with an increase in specific current for all particle sizes. This trend suggests that slow solid-state diffusion of Li+ ions limits the intercalation capacity in graphite. The 3D natural graphite with a particle size of 12μm may provide the optimum combination of reversible capacity and irreversible capacity loss in the electrolyte and discharge rates used in this study.
The composite membrane of glass microfiber and polyimide was prepared by paper making method and following dip-coating process to explore the feasibility as high performance separator of lithium ion battery (LIB). It was demonstrated that the composite membranes, with a thickness of about 45μm, possessed a significantly enhanced tensile strength and a modified porous structure, compared with that of pristine glass microfiber membrane. Impressive improvements in thermostability and flame retarding were achieved for composite membrane, with no shrinkage at the elevated temperature of 200°C, even no burn on fire, compared with commercial polyolefin separators. Meanwhile, the composite membrane presented a favorable wettability and remarkable electrochemical stability in commercial liquid electrolyte. In addition, the battery test results of LiFePO4/Li and LiFePO4/graphite cells proved the composite membrane was a promising separator with an improved rate capability. The cycle performance of cells at the elevated temperature of 120°C demonstrated their excellent safety characteristic as separator in LIB, indicating the composite membrane was a potential separator candidate for high power battery.