batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
We report the case of a patient with complex partial seizures who developed a nonfluent aphasia when topiramate was added to his therapy. This emergent adverse effect appeared to be reversible, as language performance improved after discontinuation of topiramate. Interictal SPECT performed when the patient was aphasic revealed a focal perfusion reduction in the left lateral and mesial frontal cortex, which was no longer evident at a follow-up study after language recovery.
A severe threat was posed due to improper and inefficient recycling of waste batteries in China. The present work considered the fundamental aspects of the recycling of cadmium from waste nickel–cadmium batteries by means of vacuum metallurgy separation in scale-up. In the first stage of this work, the characterization of waste nickel–cadmium batteries was carried out. Five types of batteries from different brands and models were selected and their components were characterized in relation to their elemental chemical composition and main phase. In the second stage of this work, the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium by means of vacuum metallurgy separation were investigated and a L16 (44) orthogonal design was applied to optimize the parameters. With the thermodynamics theory and numerical analysis, it can be seen that the orthogonal design is an effective tool for investigating the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium. The optimum operating parameters for the recycling of cadmium obtained by orthogonal design and verification test were 1073K (temperature), 2.5h (heating time), 2wt.% (the addition of carbon powder), and 30mm (the loaded height), respectively, with recycling efficiency approaching 99.98%. The XRD and ICP-AES analyzed results show that the condensed product was characterized as metallic cadmium, and cadmium purity was 99.99% under the optimum condition.
Electrolyte solutions are a key component of energy storage devices that significantly impact capacity, safety, and cost. Recent developments in “water-in-salt” (WIS) aqueous electrolyte research have enabled the demonstration of aqueous Li-ion batteries that operate with capacities and cyclabilities comparable with those of commercial non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. Critically, the use of aqueous electrolyte mitigates safety risks associated with non-aqueous electrolytes. However, the high cost and potential toxicity of imide-based WIS electrolytes limit their practical deployment. In this report, we disclose the efficacy of inexpensive, non-toxic mixed cation electrolyte systems for Li-ion batteries that otherwise provide the same benefits as current WIS electrolytes: extended electrochemical stability window and compatibility with traditional intercalation Li-ion battery electrode materials. We take advantage of the high solubility of potassium acetate to achieve the WIS condition in a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium acetate with water-to-cation ratio as low as 1.3. Our work suggests an important direction for the practical realization of safe, low-cost, and high-performance aqueous Li-ion batteries.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized with acid treatment and thereafter gold–copper nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the MWCNTs by applying several repetitive scans, thus forming a Cu–Au–MWCNT/GCE interface. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen was studied on this modified electrode in 0.1M NaOH solution. The electrocatalytic activity on the Cu–Au–MWCNT/GCE showed a tendency towards the O2 reduction. The peak potential of O2 reduction on the Cu–Au–MWCNT/GCE shifted ca. 70mV higher positive potentials as compared to that of a polished glassy carbon electrode. A significant current enhancement was obtained on the Cu–Au–MWCNT/GCE compared to that of bare GCE, MWCNT/GCE, Cu–MWCNT/GCE and Au–MWCNT/GCE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed in order to investigate the surface morphology and elemental composition of the modified electrode, respectively.
Hierarchical porous MWCNTs/ZnO (MCZO) nanocomposites are prepared using a Zn-based metal organic framework (MOF) template. In these MCZO nanocomposites, the ZnO polyhedrons (~600nm) with MWCNTs inserted consist of nanosized building blocks (~10nm) and possess a large specific surface area of 94.13m2 g−1, robust pore structure as well as highly uniform morphology. When tested as anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as-synthesized nanocomposites manifest enhanced lithium storage performance with high reversible capacity (419.8mAhg−1 after 100cycles at a current density of 200mAg−1), good rate capability and cycling stability, which could be attributed to the synergetic effect between the MWCNTs and the stable porous ZnO polyhedron structure.
The urease enzyme of Helicobacter pylori was isolated from biopsy sample obtained from antrum big curvature cell extracts. A new urea biosensor was prepared by immobilizing urease enzyme isolated from Helicobacter pylori on poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) ammonium membrane electrode by using nonactine as an ammonium ionophore. The effect of pH, buffer concentration, and temperature for the biosensor prepared with urease from H. pylori were obtained as 6.0, 5 mM, and 25 °C, respectively. We also investigated urease concentration, stirring rate, and enzyme immobilization procedures in response to urea of the enzyme electrode. The linear working range of the biosensor extends from 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−2 M and they showed an apparent Nernstian response within this range. Urea enzyme electrodes prepared with urease enzymes obtained from H. pylori and Jack bean based on PVC membrane ammonium-selective electrode showed very good analytical parameters: high sensitivity, dynamic stability over 2 months with less decrease of sensitivity, response time 1–2 min. The analytical characteristics were investigated and were compared those of the urea biosensor prepared with urease enzyme isolated from Jack bean prepared at the same conditions. It was observed that rapid determinations of human serum urea amounts were also made possible with both biosensors.
This study presents the preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material by using a hydrothermal method and post-thermal treatment. By adding a 5 wt.% polystyrene (PS) sphere and a 2 wt.% carbon sphere (CS) to the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material, the rate capability and cycle performance stability greatly improved. The characteristic properties of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an AC impedance method, and a galvanostatic charge–discharge method. For comparison, Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material without CS fillers was also prepared. Thus, the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material with a 5% polystyrene sphere and a 2% CS displayed discharge capacities of 195, 171, 165, 158, 149, 140, and 90 mAh g−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 C, respectively. Even at a 1 C discharge rate for 30 cycles, the composite presented a capacity of 151–142 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling performance with a fading rate of 0.195% per cycle. The outstanding performance was attributed to the particular morphology and uniform carbon-layer coating of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material, which proved to be a suitable candidate for application in Li-ion batteries.
Lithium ion capacitors (LICs) can generally deliver higher energy density than supercapacitors (SCs) and have much higher power density and longer cycle life than lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Due to their great potential to bridge the gap between SCs and LIBs, LICs are becoming important electrochemical energy storage systems in the field of energy storage and conversion. Although it is generally accepted that pre-lithiation technologies are indispensable for the operation of LICs, no comprehensive overview of the existing pre-lithiation technologies has been conducted. In this progress report, we first classify LICs according to their energy storage mechanisms and discuss the multiple roles that the pre-lithiation technologies play for improving the performance of LICs. Then, we present the existing pre-lithiation methods used in LICs in detail and the current research progress is summarized. Finally, we provide a comprehensive comparison of the current pre-lithiation methods and propose the prospects and challenges of these methods from both a fundamental and a practical point of view. The broader impact of pre-lithiation technologies on next-generation LIBs is also discussed. This progress report aims at providing the fundamental knowledge necessary to researchers who are new to studying LICs and also serves as a guideline for senior researchers in the fields of LICs and LIBs for future research directions.
Although children with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present with reduced short-term memory functioning, the relationship between perisylvian morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning has received limited attention. Thus, examining this relationship in children with neurodevelopmental disorders was the focus of this exploratory study. Results suggested leftward asymmetry in the temporal bank of the planum temporale is related to better coding and storage of semantic material. In contrast, parietal bank morphology is related to coding and storage of phonological material, and presence of an extra gyrus in the parietal region is associated with reduced phonological working memory. Data also supported a relationship between pars triangularis morphology and verbal short-term memory functioning, but this is not material-specific.
Porous silicon-based materials are considered promising next generation lithium-ion battery anode materials. Here, we report the rational design of multiscale recombined porous Si/C composites via a controllable and simple Ag-assisted chemical etching process with subsequent heat treatment of porous Si and chitosan composites (porous Si/CTS) which prepared by self-assembly process. Chitosan is a green, nontoxic and biodegradable carbon source. The three-dimensional porous (3D porous) structure accommodates the huge volume changes during lithiation and delithiation, which helps form more stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film and significantly improves the electrochemical stability. The multiplicity conductive network is constructed by Ag nanoparticles and carbon layer, which keep conductive contact and maintain structure stability. The Li-ion battery anode based on porous Si/C exhibits a reversible high capacity of 782.1 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 200 cycles with excellent Coulombic efficiency. This work opens a promising approach for production of high-performance micro-sized silicon-based anode materials in Li-ion battery.
The naive belief that carried objects fall straight down when released has become known as the straight-down belief in the literature of intuitive physics. The present data show that, without formal instruction, many children revise the straight-down belief between 8 and 12 years of age. In Experiment 1, 6-, 8-, and 12-year-old children repeatedly tried to hit a target on the floor or on a table (without feedback) by dropping a ball while moving and judged the optimal release points. Whereas, in their judgments, the majority of the 6- and 8-year-old children exhibited the erroneous straight-down belief, most 12-year-olds gave correct forward answers. In their actions, children who held the straight-down belief dropped the ball significantly later than children who exhibited correct judgmental knowledge. The results of three additional experiments provide converging evidence for the claim that children use their naive beliefs to plan their actions. The data further suggest that the straight-down belief does not directly stem from a perceptual illusion. Age differences concerning the ability to execute action plans as intended are documented and discussed in relation to conceptual development.
The field of photocatalysis can be traced back more than 80 years to early observations of the chalking of titania-based paints and to studies of the darkening of metal oxides in contact with organic compounds in sunlight. During the past 20 years, it has become an extremely well researched field due to practical interest in air and water remediation, self-cleaning surfaces, and self-sterilizing surfaces. During the same period, there has also been a strong effort to use photocatalysis for light-assisted production of hydrogen. The fundamental aspects of photocatalysis on the most studied photocatalyst, titania, are still being actively researched and have recently become quite well understood. The mechanisms by which certain types of organic compounds are decomposed completely to carbon dioxide and water, for example, have been delineated. However, certain aspects, such as the photo-induced wetting phenomenon, remain controversial, with some groups maintaining that the effect is a simple one in which organic contaminants are decomposed, while other groups maintain that there are additional effects in which the intrinsic surface properties are modified by light. During the past several years, powerful tools such as surface spectroscopic techniques and scanning probe techniques performed on single crystals in ultra-high vacuum, and ultrafast pulsed laser spectroscopic techniques have been brought to bear on these problems, and new insights have become possible. Quantum chemical calculations have also provided new insights. New materials have recently been developed based on titania, and the sensitivity to visible light has improved. The new information available is staggering, but we hope to offer an overview of some of the recent highlights, as well as to review some of the origins and indicate some possible new directions.
Human context recognition (HCR) from on-body sensor networks is an important and challenging task for many healthcare applications because it offers continuous monitoring capability of both personal and environmental parameters. However, these systems still face a major energy issue that prevent their wide adoption. Indeed, in healthcare applications, sensors are used to capture data during daily life or extended stays in hospital. Thus, continuous sampling and communication tasks quickly deplete sensors’ battery reserves, and frequent battery replacement is not convenient. Therefore, there is a need to develop energy-efficient solutions for long-term monitoring applications in order to foster the acceptance of these technologies by the patients. In this paper, we survey existing energy-efficient approaches designed for HCR based on wearable sensor networks. We propose a new classification of the energy-efficient mechanisms for health-related human context recognition applications and we review the related works in detail. Moreover, we provide a qualitative comparison of these solutions in terms of energy-consumption, recognition accuracy and latency. Finally, we discuss open research issue and give directions for future works.
An electrodeposition process of magnesium metal from Grignard reagent based electrolyte was studied by comparing with lithium. The electrodeposition of magnesium was performed at various current densities. The obtained magnesium deposits did not show dendritic morphologies while all the lithium deposits showed dendritic products. Two different crystal growth modes in the electrodeposition process of magnesium metal were confirmed by an observation using scanning electron micro scope (SEM) and a crystallographic analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD). An electrochemical study of the deposition/dissolution process of the magnesium showed a remarkable dependency of the overpotential of magnesium deposition on the electrolyte concentration compared with lithium. This result suggests that the dependency of the overpotential on the electrolyte concentration prevent the locally concentrated current resulting to form very uniform deposits.
Due to increasing concerns about global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of fossil fuels, the electric vehicles (EVs) receive massive popularity due to their performances and efficiencies in recent decades. EVs have already been widely accepted in the automotive industries considering the most promising replacements in reducing CO2 emissions and global environmental issues. Lithium-ion batteries have attained huge attention in EVs application due to their lucrative features such as lightweight, fast charging, high energy density, low self-discharge and long lifespan. This paper comprehensively reviews the lithium-ion battery state of charge (SOC) estimation and its management system towards the sustainable future EV applications. The significance of battery management system (BMS) employing lithium-ion batteries is presented, which can guarantee a reliable and safe operation and assess the battery SOC. The review identifies that the SOC is a crucial parameter as it signifies the remaining available energy in a battery that provides an idea about charging/discharging strategies and protect the battery from overcharging/over discharging. It is also observed that the SOC of the existing lithium-ion batteries have a good contribution to run the EVs safely and efficiently with their charging/discharging capabilities. However, they still have some challenges due to their complex electro-chemical reactions, performance degradation and lack of accuracy towards the enhancement of battery performance and life. The classification of the estimation methodologies to estimate SOC focusing with the estimation model/algorithm, benefits, drawbacks and estimation error are extensively reviewed. The review highlights many factors and challenges with possible recommendations for the development of BMS and estimation of SOC in next-generation EV applications. All the highlighted insights of this review will widen the increasing efforts towards the development of the advanced SOC estimation method and energy management system of lithium-ion battery for the future high-tech EV applications.
The understandings of electrochemical reaction kinetics are significant to analytically evaluate the electrical performance of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). In this regard, we have conducted an experimental analysis of electrochemical reactions in a VRFB which has an active area of 25 cm2. The produced voltage and electrical current have been measured by controlling the temperature between 298 and 328 K and the flow rate from 10 to 100 mL min−1. The electrical loss is resolved to activation and ohmic losses by assuming the Tafel theory. It has been found that the electron transfer coefficient increases from 0.35 to 0.78 with increasing temperature and electrolyte flow rate, while the exchange current density can be expressed by an Arrhenius-like equation resulting in an activation energy of 8.51 kJ mol−1. The area specific resistance is evaluated in the range of 843 and 1598 mΩ cm2 depending on the temperature and electrolyte flow rate. With the evaluated electrokinetic parameters of electron transfer, exchange current density, and area specific resistance, the electrochemical losses can be successfully resolved, therefore, our analysis will be a groundwork for further improvement of electrochemical performance in VRFB.
Periodontal disease affects horses of all ages, with aging horses having the highest incidence. It can cause premature tooth loss, pain, and dysmastication. Anatomic and histologic characteristics of the periodontium are discussed. The influences of principles of eruption physiology, mastication biomechanics, orthodontic forces, bacterial involvement, and host defense mechanisms on pathophysiology of periodontal disease are discussed in detail. Loss of attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone is reviewed in a clinical setting. Examination procedures, including specific characteristics of diseased tissues, intraoral radiographic findings, staging of disease, including staging tooth mobility, give the equine dental practitioner specific steps to follow to evaluate equine periodontal disease. Treatment strategies include occlusal equilibration, debridement of necrotic tissue, and local use of perioceutic medicaments. Early intervention in any disease process brings with it improved prognosis. The same is true of equine periodontal disease.
Function-Oriented Search (FOS) has been proposed as a tool for use in searching patent databases to find existing solutions to new problems. To implement FOS effectively, a well-structured Function-based Technology Database (FTDB) is required. An FTDB is a data repository of technology information represented as “function”. To implement an FTDB, four features should be addressed: continual data updating, limited area searching, function generalization, and semantics handling. In this paper, we consider these features to suggest a fact-oriented ontological approach to implementing an FTDB by Subject–Action–Object (SAO)-based function modeling of patents. The proposed approach uses fact-oriented ontology modeling of SAO structures extracted from patent documents, and implements an FTDB, which is an SAO-based patent retrieval system to support FOS. We also verify the feasibility of the proposed approach to by using it to conduct case studies of patent retrieval.
The effect of Sn concentration on the corrosion resistance of Pb-Sn alloy in H2SO4 electrolyte was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. A new approach to calculate the exchange current density, i corr, was proposed and proved to be in accordance with the experimental results. This study shows that with the increase of alloying Sn, the corrosion rate of the alloy increased and then decreased, with its minimum appearing at 2.60wt.% Sn. It was also found that the cathodic reaction does not have to be a single-step process, i.e., there are multiple sub-steps involved and complex cations, including H4 3+ and H2 +, existing in the systems.
Résumé Introduction Le Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) est devenu la référence pour caractériser les troubles cognitifs dans la sclérose en plaques (SEP). L’objectif de notre travail était de mettre à disposition des normes françaises établies au sein d’une population de sujets adultes sains. Observations Vingt-quatre groupes de 15 sujets (quatre classes d’âge, trois niveaux d’éducation et deux classes de genre), soit 360 au total, ont été inclus. La passation du PASAT a été réalisée suivant une procédure standardisée. Conclusion Les valeurs de référence sont présentées sous la forme de moyenne et écart-type du T-score (Z-score * 10+50).
In marine organisms the multi xenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism via e.g. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) is an important first line of defense against contaminants by pumping contaminants out of the cells. If compounds would impair the MXR mechanism, this could result in increased intracellular levels of other compounds, thereby potentiating their toxicity. A calcein-AM based larval cellular efflux pump inhibition assay (CEPIA) was developed for echinoid (Psammechinus miliaris) larvae and applied for several contaminants. The larval CEPIA revealed that triclosan (TCS) and the nanoparticles P-85® (P-85) were 124 and 155× more potent inhibitors (IC50 0.5 ± 0.05 and 0.4 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) of efflux pumps than the model inhibitor Verapamil (VER). PFOS (heptadecafluorooctane sulfonic acid) and pentachlorophenol also were more potent than VER, 24 and 5×, respectively. Bisphenol A and o,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p′-DDT) inhibited efflux pumps with a potency 3× greater than VER. In a 48 h early life stage bioassay with P. miliaris, exposure to a non-lethal concentration of the inhibitors TCS, VER, the model MRP inhibitor MK-571, the nanoparticles P-85 and the model P-gp inhibitor PSC-833, increased the toxicity of the toxic model substrate for efflux pumps vinblastine by a factor of 2, 4, 4, 8 and 16, respectively. Our findings show that several contaminants accumulating in the marine environment inhibit cellular efflux pumps, which could potentiate toxic effects of efflux pumps substrates.