batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Return to activity (RTA) following Achilles tendon surgery assessment criteria has not been generally adopted. A well-defined postsurgical rehabilitation regimen with 3 distinct criteria, yet easy to measure, can be used to assess the ability of patients undergoing Achilles tendon surgery to return to activity. We studied whether if patients were able to meet all 3 criteria, would this show significance in predicting the ability to RTA within a normal range. A total of 219 patients undergoing surgery on the Achilles tendon from 1990 to 2005 were retrospectively studied to evaluate for the ability to perform 5 sets of 25 single-legged concentric heel raises, along with symmetry of calf girth and ankle range of motion. Time of RTA and the ability to meet all 3 parameters was studied. If patients could meet all 3 criteria, they were allowed to RTA. This time postsurgery was recorded in weeks. Of the 219 surgeries reviewed, 149 were on males and 70 on females. Fourteen patients were unable to meet all 3 parameters evaluated above within the proposed time frames. The inability to meet all 3 criteria resulted in a delay to RTA (P = .03). Eleven females had a delay in RTA as compared with 2 males (P < .0001). RTA was different based on procedure. Meeting all 3 criteria was helpful in assessing if patients were able to RTA in the normal range. Patients who were unable to meet all 3 had a delay in RTA. Females were more likely to have a delay in RTA.
In this article, we present a centralized fleet management system (CFMS) for cybernetic vehicles called cybercars. Cybercars are automatically guided vehicles for passenger transport on dedicated networks like amusement parks, shopping centres etc. The users make reservations for the vehicles through phone, internet, kiosk etc and the CFMS schedules the cybercars to pick the users at their respective stations at desired time intervals. The CFMS has centralized control of the routing network and performs pooling of customer requests, scheduling and routing of cybercars to customers, empty cybercars to new services or parking stations and those running below their threshold battery levels to recharging stations. The challenges before CFMS are to assure conflict-free routing, accommodate immediate requests from customers, dynamic updation of vehicle paths and minimize congestion on the whole network. We present the approaches used by CFMS to ensure these functionalities and demonstrate a numerical illustration on a test network.
Due to its significant contribution to global energy usage and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, existing building stock's energy efficiency must improve. Predictive building control promises to contribute to that by increasing the efficiency of building operations. Predictive control complements other means to increase performance such as refurbishments as well as modernizations of systems. This survey reviews recent works and contextualizes these with the current state of the art of interrelated topics in data handling, building automation, distributed control, and semantics. The comprehensive overview leads to seven research questions guiding future research directions.
3D hierarchical mesoporous structure, micron-sized flowers composed of nickel carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Ni2(CO3)(OH)2·H2O) (NCH) nanopetals were successfully synthesized by single-step facile hydrothermal method. The processing parameters appears to play vital role in governing nano-petaled flowers, provides high electroactive surface area. The mesoporous structure of 3D hierarchical structure offers a specific capacity of 353 mAh/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s and ∼245 mAh/g under the current density of 1.83 A/g, respectively. The material has outperformed during the cycling stability when tested for the moderate and highest current density of 20 A/g and 40 A/g, respectively; it retained excellent capacity retention of ∼80% and 64%, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis was employed to probe the charge-transfer kinetics and charge storage performance and found to be in correlation with other charge storage analysis. The outstanding electrochemical performance is accredited to the intrinsic nature of nanostructured NCH, forming a unique miro-3D flower-like morphology. This ingenious synthesis strategy resulted in overall excellent electrochemical properties; indicating the NCH is a potential candidate for high-performance battery-like energy storage applications.
LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 composite cathodes were cycled in model cells to study interfacial phenomena that could lead to electrode degradation. Ex situ spectroscopic analysis of the tested cathodes, which suffered substantial power and capacity loss, showed that the state of charge (SOC) of oxide particles on the cathode surface was highly non-uniform despite the deep discharge of the Li-ion cell at the end of the test. The inconsistent kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles was attributed to the degradation of electronic pathways within the composite cathodes. A simple theoretical model based on a distributed network showed that an increase of the contact resistance between composite electrode particles may be responsible for non-uniform local kinetic behavior of individual oxide particles and the overall degradation of electrochemical performance of composite electrodes.
Objective Anxiety disorders and symptoms are highly prevalent and problematic comorbidities in people with epilepsy (PWE), yet they remain poorly understood and often go undetected. This research aimed to further our understanding about anxiety in PWE. Methods Study 1 assessed the effectiveness of the commonly utilised yet unvalidated measure (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale; HADS-A) to identify DSM-IV anxiety disorders in 147 adult epilepsy outpatients. Results This study found that although the HADS-A had reasonable specificity (75%), its poor sensitivity (61%) and inadequate area under the curve (.68) deemed it unreliable as a screener for anxiety disorders in this population. Methods Study 2 aimed to further our understanding of the relationship between anxiety disorders, as defined by clinical interview, and psychosocial correlates in PWE. One hundred and twenty-two participants from Study 1 completed a battery of psychosocial measures. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of an anxiety disorder was associated with unemployment, which was found to be the only independent predictor. That is, despite the fact that psychosocial factors together contributed to the variance in anxiety disorders none were revealed to be significant independent predictors. Conclusion These findings add to the literature indicating that the HADS may indicate distress, but does not adequately identify people with anxiety disorders and highlights the urgent need for the development of a reliable anxiety screening measure for PWE. Further, the results suggest that anxiety disorders in PWE are likely to be multiply determined with respect to psychosocial factors and require further investigation.
A mathematical model for an anodic half-cell redox-flow lithium-ion battery is derived and complemented with experiments. In short, the model considers conservation of charge and species – two redox shuttle molecules and their ionic counterparts – coupled with electrochemical reactions in the battery and conservation of species coupled with chemical reactions in the tank. Based on quantitative arguments, it is postulated that such a model is sufficient to capture the behavior of the system. This is confirmed by calibrating and validating the model with a training and test set from the experiments respectively – overall, good agreement is found. In particular, the model is able to capture the two distinct charge and discharge regimes that occur in the system as well as the dependence of the overall battery performance on the chemical reactions taking place in the tank.
Na-air batteries are regarded as a potential alternate to Li-air batteries due to the abundant sodium source and high theoretical energy density. However, non-aqueous Na-air battery suffers from the electrode polarization owing to the formation of insoluble discharge product, which severely limits its cyclability and performance. Herein, a high performance hybrid Na-air cell is demonstrated using a dual electrolyte (mixed aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte) system and three dimensionally (3D) grown tin sulfide (SnS2) nanopetals based air electrode. 3D SnS2 nanopetals are synthesized by a facile solvothermal method and used as an air electrode material for hybrid Na-air battery. The vertically-grown and self-assembled ultra-thin nanosheets of 3D SnS2 nanopetals provide exposed active sites for the efficient air and electrolyte diffusion to air electrodes, resulting in high performance hybrid Na-air cell. The fabricated hybrid Na-air cell displays low overpotential gap (0.52V), high round trip efficiency (83%), high power density (300mWg−1) and good rechargeability up to 40 cycles. The proposed 3D SnS2 nanopetals as air electrodes can provide a robust platform for the future development of Na-air batteries and other energy storage devices.
We overview recent results on dynamical systems approach to analysis and design of electricity grids. The first topic is the phenomenology of one type of short-term swing instabilities in multi-machine grids, which is termed the Coherent Swing Instability. The second topic is the design of electricity grid for management of multiple households. These apparently different topics are discussed from the common perspective of dynamical systems theory, that is, high-dimensional oscillatory systems with dominant inertia.
In this research, the thermal decompositions of β-manganese dioxide (β-MnO2) under different atmospheres of dynamic nitrogen and air were investigated by TG, DTG, DSC and XRD techniques. Non-isothermal studies clearly indicate that two decomposition stages occur over the temperature regions of 30–1100°C: the decomposition of β-MnO2 to Mn2O3 and of this oxide to Mn3O4 in both nitrogen and air. β-MnO2 decomposes at higher temperatures in air. The model-free kinetic analysis method together with the minimum deviation approach was employed to determine the activation energy (E a) and the kinetic model function (mechanism) of the thermal decomposition process from a series of thermogravimetric experiments. The results show that β-MnO2 exhibits higher values of the activation energy (E a) and the pre-exponential factor (A) in air. Compared with various solid state reaction models, the reactions are best described by the random nucleation and nuclei growth models.
Interface engineering is crucial strategy for the sensible design and synthesis of high-efficiency electrocatalysts. However, the study on the effect of interfacial heterogeneity on the kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries tends to be neglected, which restricts the development of excellent performance Li-O2 batteries. Here, a cactus-like nickel-cobalt oxide and nickel oxide heterostructure (NCO@NO) was successfully prepared and used for Li-O2 batteries as catalyst. The built-in electric field at the heterogeneous interface between NiO and NiCo2O4 can significantly enhance the interface charge transfer kinetics, and its unique cactus-like structure facilitates the exposure of abundant catalytic active sites. Due to the synergistic interaction between surface structure and heterogeneous interface, the NCO@NO based cathode exhibits a large discharge capacity of 17463.5 mA h g−1, an improved overpotential of 0.98 V, and an excellent long-term cycle stability (the terminal discharge voltage of the NCO@NO based Li-O2 battery shows negligible attenuation after cycling up to 500 times).
Li4Ti5O12 as one of the commercialized materials, is famous for its excellent reversibility, but also suffered from two drawbacks- low theoretical capacity and difficulty in SOC estimation. In this study, we report a Li4Ti5O12 nanowire/Fe3O4 nanoparticle compound synthesized by hydrothermal method as anode material for lithium ion battery. By in-situ synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 nanowire, particle size of Fe3O4 is remarkably reduced and this resulting in good reversibility of electrode. Moreover, this Li4Ti5O12 nanowire/Fe3O4 nanoparticle compound exhibits much larger capacity than pure-phase Li4Ti5O12. And most importantly, the Li4Ti5O12 nanowire/Fe3O4 nanoparticle compound displays a slope voltage profile, which makes the voltage based SOC estimation much easier than Li4Ti5O12.
The rapid development of lithium (Li)-ion and sodium (Na)-ion batteries requires advanced solid electrolytes that possess both favorable electrochemical performance and safety assurance. Herein we report a hierarchical poly (ionic liquid)-based solid electrolyte (HPILSE) for high-safety Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. This hybrid solid electrolyte is fabricated via in situ polymerizing 1,4-bis[3-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)imidazolium-1-yl]butane bis[bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (C1-4TFSI) monomer in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI)-based electrolyte which is filled in poly(diallyldimethylammonium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PDDATFSI) porous membrane. The well-designed hierarchical structure simultaneously provides the prepared HPILSE with high ionic conductivity (>10−3 Scm−1 at 25°C), satisfied electrochemical stability, inherent incombustibility, good mechanical strength and flexibility. More intriguingly, the in situ assembled LiFePO4/Li and Na0.9[Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48]O2/Na cells using HPILSE exhibit superior cycling performances with high specific capacities. Both the excellent performance of HPILSE and the simple fabricating process of HPILSE-based solid-state cells make it potentially as one of the most promising electrolyte materials for next generation Li-ion and Na-ion batteries.
Arguments have been made for and against the regulatory use of data from human subjects on both scientific and ethical grounds. One argument against the use of data from human clinical studies involving pesticides asserts that such data are obtained from studies that do not follow the Common Rule (40 CFR 26), which provides procedures for protecting human subjects in studies funded by federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Although privately conducted studies using human subjects are not legally subject to or required to comply with the Common Rule, the protections of the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical Practice are commonly followed. We sought to answer the question of whether recent human clinical studies with insecticides performed according to Good Clinical Practice provided volunteers with the same protections as the Common Rule. All three sets of guidance have in common the intent to protect volunteer human subjects by providing standards for the conduct of studies in which they participate. This analysis compares the elements of the Common Rule with comparable elements from the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice to evaluate similarities and differences in procedural requirements. It then evaluates the documentation from 15 recent human studies of twelve insecticides conducted at four clinical laboratories in order to determine whether the conduct of those studies is consistent with the protections of the Common Rule. There were some cases for which we could not verify compliance with certain Common Rule elements; however, based on our evaluation it is apparent that the studies we reviewed were conducted in a manner substantially consistent with the fundamental protections of the Common Rule—voluntary participation, informed consent, and review by an ethical committee or institutional review board.
A mobile grid incorporates mobile devices into Grid systems. But mobile devices at present have severe limitations in terms of processing, memory capabilities and energy. Minimizing the energy usage in mobile devices poses significant challenges in mobile grids. This paper presents energy constrained resource allocation optimization for mobile grids. The goal of the paper is not only to reduce energy consumption, but also to improve the application utility in a mobile grid environment with a limited energy charge, ensuring battery lifetime and the deadlines of the grid applications. The application utility not only depends on its allocated resources including computation and communication resources, but also on the consumed energy, this leads to a coupled utility model, where the utilities are functions of allocated resources and consumed energy. Energy constrained resources allocation optimization is formulated as a utility optimization problem, which can be decomposed into two subproblems, the interaction between the two sub-problems is controlled through the use of a pricing variable. The paper proposes a price-based distributed energy constrained resources allocation optimization algorithm. In the simulation, the performance evaluation of our energy constrained resources allocation optimization algorithm is conducted.
Garnet type electrolyte “Li6.5La3Ta0.5Zr1.5O12” (LLZTO) was prepared by conventional solid-state reaction in alumina crucibles and excess lithium salt (from 0% to 50 mol%) was added into the starting materials to investigate the effects of excess lithium salt on the property of LLZTO. SEM, XRD and AC impedance were used to determine the microstructure, phase formation and Li-ion conductivity. Cubic garnet with a minor second phase LiAlO2 in the grain boundary was obtained for the pellets with excess lithium salt. As the amount of excess lithium salt increased, more Al element diffused from alumina crucibles to LLZTO pellets and reacted with excess lithium salt to form liquid Li2O–Al2O3 phase in the grain boundary, which accelerated the pellets' densification and reduced lithium loss at a high temperature. Ionic conductivity of LLZTO pellets increased with the amount of excess lithium salt added and leveled off at ∼4 × 10−4 S cm−1 when lithium salt exceeded 30 mol%. The performance of Li-air batteries with hybrid electrolytes, using homemade LLZTO thin pellets as solid electrolytes, was investigated. The LLZTO thin pellet with more excess lithium salt in starting material had a higher density and resulted in better cell performance.
Manganese, in the form of oxide, was recovered from spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries employing a biohydrometallurgy process, using a pilot plant consisting in: an air-lift bioreactor (containing an acid-reducing medium produced by an Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria immobilized on elemental sulfur); a leaching reactor (were battery powder is mixed with the acid-reducing medium) and a recovery reactor. Two different manganese oxides were recovered from the leachate liquor: one of them by electrolysis (EMO) and the other by a chemical precipitation with KMnO4 solution (CMO). The non-leached solid residue was also studied (RMO). The solids were compared with a MnO x synthesized in our laboratory. The characterization by XRD, FTIR and XPS reveal the presence of Mn2O3 in the EMO and the CMO samples, together with some Mn4+ cations. In the solid not extracted by acidic leaching (RMO) the main phase detected was Mn3O4. The catalytic performance of the oxides was studied in the complete oxidation of ethanol and heptane. Complete conversion of ethanol occurs at 200°C, while heptane requires more than 400°C. The CMO has the highest oxide selectivity to CO2. The results show that manganese oxides obtained using spent alkaline and zinc–carbon batteries as raw materials, have an interesting performance as catalysts for elimination of VOCs.
Due to its high specific surface area, good chemical stability and outstanding electrical properties, graphene, a class of two-dimensional allotrope of carbon-based materials, is one of ideal candidates for next generation energy conversion and storage devices. In this review, we will present an overview on electrochemical characteristics of graphene by summarizing the recent research trend on graphene for energy conversion and storage applications, such as fuel cells and supercapacitors, along with some discussions on future research directions.
The as-electrospun polymeric lithium titanate nanofibers are crystallized into Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers (denoted as LTO NFs) via post-annealing. The LTO NFs are coated with a carbon layer using a glucose polymer via hydrothermal synthesis. The GO layer electrostatically attracts to the positively charged LTO NFs, resulting in the uniform wrapping of individual LTO NFs without aggregation. The introduction of uniformly coated carbon and GO double layers led to an enhanced rate capability (110mAhg−1 at 20C) and over two orders of magnitude higher diffusion coefficient (DLi =∼1.04×10−11 cm2 s−1) of the tailored LTO NFs with carbon and GO network compared with those of the pristine LTO NFs. Extended testing for over 100 cycles demonstrates the cyclic stability and Coulombic efficiency of over 99% of this system. These results indicate that the interconnection and networks of LTO NFs through carbon coating and the individual GO wrapping, which facilitates the lithium ion and electron transportation, may show excellent electrochemical performance.
This paper analyzes the timing of a new technology's economic feasibility using a simple yet novel approach. While the conventional wisdom that costs fall as cumulative production increases does not enable us to analyze this timing, the proposed approach enables us to do so using existing technological trends in the components that form a new technology's system. For 3D television, although the concepts that form the basis of 3D television have been known for many years, improvements in specific components within two-dimensional (2D) televisions such as the liquid crystal display (LCD) are finally making 3D television economically feasible. More specifically, improvements in the frame-rates of 2D LCDs are making it economically feasible to introduce time sequential 3D, which requires special glasses. Similarly, increases in the number of pixels per area (resolution) will probably make auto-stereoscopic 3D LCDs economically feasible in the next five to ten years and thus eliminate the need for special glasses.
Deep vein thrombosis prevention efficacy using a new, miniature, mobile, battery-operated pneumatic system (continuous enhanced circulation therapy [CECT] system) combined with low-dose aspirin was compared to enoxaparin. One hundred twenty-one patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty were prospectively randomized into 2 groups. The study group was treated by the CECT system starting immediately after the induction of anesthesia. Postoperatively, a daily 100-mg aspirin tablet was added. The control group received 40 mg of enoxaparin per day. Bilateral venography was performed at the fifth to eight postoperative day. In the CECT group, as compared to the enoxaparin group, there was a significantly lower overall rate of DVT and proximal DVT. Safety profiles were similar in both groups. The combination of the CECT device with low-dose aspirin is more effective than enoxaparin in preventing deep-vein thrombosis after lower limb arthroplasties.