batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A highly porous NiO/Ag composite film is prepared by the combination of chemical bath deposition and silver mirror reaction. The as-prepared NiO/Ag composite film has an interconnecting reticular morphology made up of NiO flakes with highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles of about 6nm. The pseudocapacitive behavior of the NiO/Ag composite film is investigated by cyclic voltammograms (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests in 1M KOH. The NiO/Ag composite film exhibits weaker polarization, higher specific capacitance and better cycling performance as compared to the unmodified porous NiO film. The specific capacitance of the porous NiO/Ag composite film is 330Fg−1 at 2Ag−1 and 281Fg−1 at 40Ag−1, respectively, much higher than that of the unmodified porous NiO film (261Fg−1 at 2Ag−1 and 191Fg−1 at 40Ag−1). The enhancement of pseudocapacitive properties is due to highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles in the composite film, which improves the electric conductivity of the film electrode.
The prospects of incorporating a consumer side load-scheduling algorithm that works in conjunction with the unit commitment problem, which in turn coordinates with real-time load balancer, are discussed in this paper. An integrated framework for an autonomous microgrid with objectives of increasing stability, reliability and economy is proposed. From the microgrid operators’ point of view, the load side scheduling helps reduce the stress on the system especially during peak hours thereby ensuring system stability and security. From the consumers’ point of view, the dynamic electricity prices within a day, which are a reflection of this time varying stress on the system, encourage them to endorse such a scheme and reduce their bills incurred. The unit commitment problem is run a day in advance to determine generator outputs for the following day. Owing to unpredictable weather conditions, running unit commitment problem in advance does not guarantee planned real-time generation in the microgrid scenario. Such variability in forecasted generation must be handled in any microgrid, while accounting for load demand uncertainties. To address this issue a load side energy management system and power balance scheme is proposed in this paper. The objective is to ascertain uninterrupted power to critical loads while managing other non-critical loads based on their priorities.
A recycling process involving mechanical, thermal, hydrometallurgical and sol–gel steps has been applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries and to synthesize LiCoO2 from leach liquor as cathodic active materials. Electrode materials containing lithium and cobalt can be concentrated with a two-step thermal and mechanical treatment. The leaching behavior of lithium and cobalt in nitric acid media is investigated in terms of reaction variables. Hydrogen peroxide in 1M HNO3 solution is found to be an effective reducing agent by enhancing the leaching efficiency. Of the many possible processes to produce LiCoO2, the amorphous citrate precursor process (ACP) has been applied to synthesize powders with a large specific surface area and an exact stoichiometry. After leaching used LiCoO2 with nitric acid, the molar ratio of Li to Co in the leach liquor is adjusted to 1.1 by adding a fresh LiNO3 solution. Then, 1M citric acid solution at a 100% stoichiometry is added to prepare a gelatinous precursor. When the precursor is calcined at 950°C for 24h, purely crystalline LiCoO2 is successfully obtained. The particle size and specific surface-area of the resulting crystalline powders are 20μm and 30cm2 g−1, respectively. The LiCoO2 powder is found to have good characteristics as a cathode active material in terms of charge–discharge capacity and cycling performance.
A new effective Gel Polymer Electrolyte membrane based on two polymers, the polyethylene oxide (PEO), a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) copolymer and a plasticizer, the dibutylphtalate (DBP), was realized. This separator membrane was made by adjunction, through lamination, of an industrially made DBP/PVdF-HFP film and a homemade DBP/PEO thin film. Once the plasticizer was removed and the separator gelled by the electrolyte, the PEO enables the formation of a good interface with the lithium while the PVdF-HFP film brings the mechanical strength to the membrane. The electrochemical behavior of lithium batteries based on this bi-layer separator was investigated versus temperature, cycling potential and cycling rate. Owing to the promising results obtained with laboratory cells, a 1Ah prototype was successfully assembled, and its cycling and rate performances were reported.
Pyrite FeS2 decorated sulfur-doped carbon (FeS2@S-C) fibers have been successfully synthesized by a facile bio-templating method and applied as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Cotton was used as both the carbon source and the template. SEM and TEM results showed that the FeS2 nanoparticles fabricated using 0.2M FeSO4 were uniformly embedded in or attached on the surface of the carbon fibers. FeS2@S-C synthesized with 0.2M FeSO4 showed the best cycle stability and rate capability, which retained a high reversible specific capacity of 689mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. The specific capacities are about 1200, 900, 700, 550 and 400mAhg−1 after every 10 cycles at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2Ag−1. The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the highly conductive sulfur-doped carbon and the homogeneous distribution of FeS2 nanoparticles. It is believed that the S-doped carbon matrix acts as an effective buffer layer helping relieve the volume strain as well as a hinder preventing FeS2 from aggregating during cycling, which ensure the high electrochemical performance. This kind of low-cost anode with high specific capacity and improved cycling stability show potential application for high capacity lithium-ion batteries.
Ethnopharmacological relevance Momordica charantia fruit is a widely used traditional medicinal herb as, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor. Aims of study The present study is undertaken to investigate the possible mode of action of fruit extracts derived from Momordica charantia (MC) and study its pharmacological effects for controlling diabetic mellitus. Effects of aqueous and chloroform extracts of Momordica charantia fruit on glucose uptake and up-regulation of glucose transporter (Glut-4), peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), were investigated to show its efficacy as a hypoglycaemic agent. Materials and methods Dose dependent glucose uptake assay was performed on L6 myotubes using 2-deoxy-d-[1-3H] glucose. Up-regulatory effects of the extracts on the mRNA expression level of Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K have been studied. Results The association of Momordica charantia with the aqueous and chloroform extracts of Momordica charantia fruit at 6μg/ml has shown significant up-regulatory effect, respectively, by 3.6-, 2.8- and 3.8-fold on the battery of targets Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K involved in glucose transport. The up-regulation of glucose uptake was comparable with insulin and rosiglitazone which was approximately 2-fold over the control. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the cyclohexamide on Momordica charantia fruit extract mediated glucose uptake suggested the requirement of new protein synthesis for the enhanced glucose uptake. Conclusion This study demonstrated the significance of Glut-4, PPARγ and PI3K up-regulation by Momordica charantia in augmenting the glucose uptake and homeostasis.
The discovery of anionic redox chemistry in Li-rich cathode materials provides much hope for enhancing battery performance. Tarascon and Assat analyse the underlying science behind anionic redox and discuss its practical limitations as well as the routes to overcome the application barriers.
We report observations of microstructural changes in {100} and {110} oriented silicon wafers during initial lithiation under relatively high current densities. Evolution of the microstructure during lithiation was found to depend on the crystallographic orientation of the silicon wafers. In {110} silicon wafers, the phase boundary between silicon and Li x Si remained flat and parallel to the surface. In contrast, lithiation of the {100} oriented substrate resulted in a complex vein-like microstructure of LixSi in a crystalline silicon matrix. A simple calculation demonstrates that the formation of such structures is energetically unfavorable in the absence of defects due to the large hydrostatic stresses that develop. However, TEM observations revealed micro-cracks in the {100} silicon wafer, which can create fast diffusion paths for lithium and contribute to the formation of a complex vein-like Li x Si network. This defect-induced microstructure can significantly affect the subsequent delithiation and following cycles, resulting in degradation of the electrode.
A Li/Li1.27Cr0.2Mn0.53O2 cell is found to deliver an excellent discharge capacity of around 260mAhg−1, but exhibits a continuous increase in capacity on extended cycling. To explain this latter behaviour, various electrochemical measurements and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) are performed. Both cyclic voltammetry and ex situ XRD reveal that an accumulation of transition metal atoms (Cr or Mn) in the lithium layer with cycling results in a monoclinic phase and capacity increase. Studies using ac impedance spectroscopy reveal that the structural change mainly occurs during the charging process.
Gas diffusion electrodes with silver catalysts show a high activity towards oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media but a rather poor activity towards oxygen evolution reaction. For the use in future lithium–air batteries with an aqueous alkaline electrolyte the activity of such electrodes must be improved significantly. As Co3O4 is a promising metal oxide catalyst for oxygen evolution in alkaline media, silver electrodes were modified with Co3O4. For comparison silver electrodes were also modified with IrO2. Due to the poor stability of carbon materials at high anodic potentials these gas diffusion electrodes were prepared without carbon support to improve especially the long-term stability. Gas diffusion electrodes were electrochemically investigated in an electrochemical half-cell arrangement. In addition to cyclic voltammograms electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out. SEM and XRD were used for the physical and morphological investigations. Investigations showed that silver electrodes containing 20 wt.% Co3O4 exhibited the highest performance and highest long-term stability. For comparison, rotating – ring – disc – electrode experiments have been performed using model electrodes with thin catalyst layers, showing that the amount of hydrogen peroxide evolved is negligible.
Here we report on a Li-S battery with cathode, based on a S powder obtained from bulk amorphous S, by cryogenic grinding. The cathode was prepared from a slurry, wherein the content of cryo-ground S powder was equal to 80 wt % (corresponds to ≈ 2.26 mg cm−2). Other slurry components included carbon Super P, and polyvinylidene fluoride, dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone. The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared battery was compared to a battery based on an identically prepared paste, but containing reference S powder (with the orthorhombic structure). A longer life cycle, and enhanced capacity per gram, as well as per cm2 of electrode was revealed for the cryo-ground S-based cathode. The electrochemical results show that the loss in capacity of the cryo-ground S powder cathode was just 3% after 50 cycles, which suggests on a higher stability of S inside the cathode during cycling.
Titanates are salts of polytitanic acid that can be synthesized as nanostructures in a great variety concerning crystallinity, morphology, size, metal content and surface chemistry. Titanate nanotubes (open-ended hollow cylinders measuring up to 200nm in length and 15nm in outer diameter) and nanowires (solid, elongated rectangular blocks with length up to 1500nm and 30–60nm diameter) are the most widespread representatives of the titanate nanomaterial family. This review covers the properties and applications of these two materials from the surface science point of view. Dielectric, vibrational, electron and X-ray spectroscopic results are comprehensively discussed first, then surface modification methods including covalent functionalization, ion exchange and metal loading are covered. The versatile surface chemistry of one-dimensional titanates renders them excellent candidates for heterogeneous catalytic, photocatalytic, photovoltaic and energy storage applications, therefore, these fields are also reviewed.
This work reports on a new aqueous battery consisting of copper and manganese redox chemistries in an acid environment. The battery achieves a relatively low material cost due to ubiquitous availability and inexpensive price of copper and manganese salts. It exhibits an equilibrium potential of ∼1.1 V, and a coulombic efficiency of higher than 94% is obtained at an operating current of 20 mA cm−2. Cyclic tests confirm that the energy efficiency maintains ∼79% with no observable decay at 10 mA cm−2 over 100 cycles. Possessing other advantages such as ease of scalability and capable of using an inexpensive separator, the battery offers a promising solution for large-scale energy storage applications.
Trimethylboroxine (TMB) is used as electrolyte additive to improve the cyclic stability of LiCoO2/graphite full cell under high voltage. It is found that capacity retention of LiCoO2/graphite cell at 0.3C rate after 200 cycles between 3.0∼4.5V is improved from 29 % to 66 % by applying 0.5 % (by weight) TMB in EC-based electrolyte. Charge-discharge tests on graphite/Li and LiCoO2/Li half cells demonstrate that the improvement in cyclic stability of the full cell results from the contribution of TMB to the enforced stability of LiCoO2 cathode. Cyclic voltammogram shows that TMB is oxidized preferentially to the EC-based electrolyte, while physical characterizations, from SEM, TEM, FTIR and XPS, indicate that TMB helps build a thin but protective film on LiCoO2, which improves the interfacial stability of high voltage electrode/electrolyte.
Using an auditory semantic priming paradigm, the present study investigated the abilities of left-hemisphere-damaged (LHD) non-fluent aphasic, right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) and normal control individuals to access, out of context, the multiple meanings of three types of ambiguous words, namely homonyms (e.g., “punch”), metonymies (e.g., “rabbit”), and metaphors (e.g., “star”). In addition, the study tested certain predictions of the “suppression deficit” and “coarse semantic coding” hypotheses that have been proposed to account for the linguistic deficits typically observed after RH damage. Homonymous, metonymous, and metaphorical words were used as primes followed after a short (100ms) or a long (1000ms) inter-stimulus interval (ISI) by dominant-meaning-related, subordinate-meaning-related or unrelated target words. No significant group effects were found, and for both ISIs, dominant- and subordinate-related targets were facilitated relative to unrelated control targets for the homonymy and metonymy conditions. In contrast, for the metaphor condition, only targets related to the dominant meaning were facilitated. These findings provide only partial support for the “suppression deficit” hypothesis and no support for the “coarse semantic coding” hypothesis (as interpreted herein) indicating that patients with focal LH or RH damage can access the multiple meanings of ambiguous words and exhibit processing abilities comparable to those of older normal control subjects, at least at the single-word level.
The electrochemical properties of multiphase CoFe3Sb12 based materials were studied with lithium anode model cell Li|LiPF6 (EC+DMC) |CoFe3Sb12. A reversible capacity of about 490mAhg−1 (ca. 3430mAhcm−3) has been obtained in the first cycle. The reversible capacity keeps above 240mAhg−1 in the first 10 cycles. It was found that the cycle life and charge recovery are strongly dependent on particle size and conducting additive. The mechanism of lithium insertion into CoFe3Sb12 electrode was analyzed by ex situ XRD. It was found that there were two different types of the insertion reactions in the first discharge. One type is topotactic reaction and the other is reconstitution reaction. The chemical diffusion coefficient D ̃ Li versus lithium content x in CoFe3Sb12 has been examined by EIS for the first discharge.
One of the major challenges associated with fuel cells is the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts to reduce the high overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here we report Polyaniline (PANI) based micro/nanomaterials with or without transition metals, prepared by the emulsion polymerization and subsequent heat treatment. PANI microspheres with the diameter of about 0.7µm have been prepared in basic (NH3 solution) condition, using two different types of surfactant (CTAB, SDS) as the stabilizer, ammonium persulphate (APS) as oxidant with aniline/surfactants molar ratio at 1/1 under the hydrothermal treatment. PANI nanorods, FePANI, and FeCoPANI have been synthesized in acidic (HCl) medium with aniline/surfactants molar ratio at 1/2 and polymerization carried out without stirring for 24h. Products mainly FeCoPANI have shown high current density with increasing sweep rate and excellent specific capacitance 1753F/g at the scan rate of 1mV/s. Additionally, it has shown high thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FePANI has been investigated for excellent performance toward ORR with four electron selectivity in the basic electrolyte. The PANI-based catalysts from emulsion polymerization demonstrate that the method is valuable for making non-precious metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts for ORR or energy storage and conversion technology.
Advanced batteries are required for an optimal use of intermittent renewable energy sources and to boost new global energy policies. Flow lithium oxygen batteries represent a cutting-edge technology that brings in a unique solution the advantages of the high specific energy of Li/O2 batteries and the design flexibility of redox flow batteries. To maximize the performance of flow lithium oxygen batteries, a careful study of the fluid dynamics of the flow frame of the cell is still needed. Indeed, the pressure drops through the cell generate a loss of power that has to be minimized by a smart cell design. For the first time, the experimental evaluation and the modeling of the power balance of laboratory prototypes of flow lithium oxygen battery cells is here reported. We propose a new, simple semi-empirical approach provides a general law of the net power output of the cell vs flow velocity. We demonstrate that by an intelligent cell geometry it is possible to drastically reduce pressure drops even with viscous systems like the organic electrolytes used in high specific energy batteries. This novel semi-empirical approach can accelerate prototyping of advanced flow redox batteries.
Mesoporous binary nickel–cobalt (Ni–Co) oxy-hydroxides have been obtained through the microwave-assisted hydrothermal annealing (MAHA) method. The porosity control of the nanostructured Ni–Co oxy-hydroxide nanoparticles is achieved through adding the pluronic triblock copolymer F127 as the surfactant. The structural and electrochemical properties of porous Ni–Co oxy-hydroxide nanostructures are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brumauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical measurement demonstrates that the Ni–Co oxy-hydroxides calcined at 200°C are able to deliver a specific capacitance of 636Fg−1 in 1M NaOH, suggesting their high potential as a novel electrode material of pseudocapacitors with good electrochemical reversibility. In the asymmetric supercapacitor test, the positive electrode is Ni–Co oxy-hydroxide and negative electrode is activated carbon. The specific energy and power, measured at 2Ag−1, for this asymmetric combination are equal to ca. 17Whkg−1 and 1.6kWkg−1, respectively.
Thin film electrodes for high energy density based flexible supercapacitors are fabricate using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of MWCNTs and graphene. The addition of conductive spacer of MWCNTs between the layers of graphene prevents the agglomeration between each other and therefore facilitates the maximum number of active sites for electrolyte ion intercalation. The supercapacitor devices based on this flexible LBL assembly show very high electrochemical capacitance (390Fg−1) and exhibit excellent cycling stability, retaining over 97% of its initial charge after 25,000 cycles. The addition of MWCNTs between the layers of graphene raised the energy density by 31% and power density by 39% more than the bare graphene electrodes. The LBL films of MWCNTs-graphene yield ultra-high energy density of 168Whkg−1 which is very promising for future potential application in high performance flexible energy storage devices.
Gel polymer electrolytes composed of acrylonitrile–methylmethacrylate (AM) copolymer and 1M LiClO4–ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) are prepared. The ionic conductivity reaches 1.9×10−3 Scm−1 in a gel polymer electrolyte with 20wt.% of AM copolymer and 80wt.% of LiClO4–EC/PC at room temperature. These systems showed no solvent exudation from the matrix polymer due to enhanced compatibility between AM copolymer and organic liquid electrolyte. A Li/gel polymer electrolyte/LiMn2O4 cell has a reversible capacity of 132mAhg−1 in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3V at the C/5 rate and shows good cycling performance with a coulombic efficiency >99%.
Travieso D, Lederman SJ. Assessing subclinical tactual deficits in the hand function of diabetic blind persons at risk for peripheral neuropathy. Objective To assess subclinical impairments in tactual hand function produced by diabetes mellitus in late-blind adults with diabetic retinopathy. Design The survey compares diabetic blind with nondiabetic blind and blindfolded sighted controls in terms of their performance on a battery of tests that assess tactual hand function. Setting Subjects were evaluated at their rehabilitation program center in Madrid. Participants Nine (referred) diabetic blind subjects affected by diabetic retinopathy versus 10 (referred) nondiabetic blind subjects versus 10 blindfolded sighted volunteers, all right-handed and matched for age. Subjects were referred by the training professionals of the rehabilitation program center and asked to volunteer. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Cutaneous force and spatial resolution thresholds, haptic psychophysical functions for perceived roughness, weight, and size, and both accuracy and response times for haptic classification of 3-dimensional common objects. Measures of joint mobility, muscular strength, and motor dexterity were also included. Results The diabetic blind performed significantly poorer than the controls in terms of force sensitivity (distal and proximal finger pads, and palm), spatial resolution (distal finger pad only), motor dexterity, perceived roughness, and finally, haptic object classification response times for texture-diagnostic objects. Conclusions Subclinical disturbances in the tactual hand function of the diabetic blind subjects were only documented in perceptual and motor tasks for which cutaneous, as opposed to kinesthetic, information was particularly relevant.
The authors regret a mistake in the sentence “… shows a gravimetric energy density of 200 mAhr-g−1 with an average discharge voltage of ∼3.5 V”. The correct values are 180 mAhr-g−1 with an average discharge voltage of ∼3.7 V for Cr-doped Mn-oxide. The correct text should read “… shows a gravimetric energy density of 180 mAhr-g−1 with an average discharge voltage of ∼3.7 V”. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.