batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Power systems currently experience paradigm changes due to the integration of renewable sources, penetration of electric vehicles, and advancements in smart grid technology. Energy storage elements are accordingly sought to rectify some drawbacks of the new system components. Energy storage technologies and their power grid applications are, therefore, developing in fast pace. This paper presents the design, development, and testing of a pole-mounted energy storage system (PMESS) based on lithium-ion batteries. The PMESS aims at enhancing the reliability of a local distribution company (LDC) at the residential level. The system provides load curve smoothing and peak shaving services to a pole-top distribution transformer feeding residential customers. An intelligent control algorithm is developed for optimal scheduling of the battery pack. The algorithm employs communication, load forecasting, and optimization software modules. A prototype unit of the PMESS is installed and tested on a Canadian LDC where the results show positive impact on the performance of the distribution transformer. Findings of this research are anticipated to attract the attention of those interested in distribution system operation, planning, and asset management.
This study examined the consistency between the findings of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) as identified by the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), and explored the psychosocial and attention characteristics of children with DCD identified by the two motor tests, respectively. Participants were 270 children (male: 161, female: 109; age 7.74±0.81 years). The association between DCD status identified by each of the motor tests and psychosocial problems measured by the Child Behavioral Checklist-Chinese version (CBCL-C) was examined using multiple logistic regressions. The results showed that DCD identified by the BOTMP was associated with high scores on the Withdrawn and Social Problems, with a higher proportion of females identified. DCD identified by the MABC was associated with high scores on the Withdrawn and Attention Problems and low score on the Aggressive Behavior. The results reaffirmed the lack of consistency between the motor tests and indicated that children identified by the two motor tests showed different profiles of attention and psychosocial adjustment.
The severity and profile of cognitive dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia and psychotic affective disorders were compared before and after antipsychotic treatment. Parallel recruitment of consecutively admitted study-eligible first-episode psychotic patients (30 schizophrenia, 22 bipolar with psychosis, and 21 psychotic depression) reduced confounds of acute and chronic disease/medication effects as well as differential treatment and course. Patient groups completed a neuropsychological battery and were demographically similar to healthy controls (n =41) studied in parallel. Prior to treatment, schizophrenia patients displayed significant deficits in all cognitive domains. The two psychotic affective groups were also impaired overall, generally performing intermediate between the schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups. No profile differences in neuropsychological deficits were observed across patient groups. Following 6 weeks of treatment, no patient group improved more than practice effects seen in healthy individuals, and level of performance improvement was similar for affective psychosis and schizophrenia groups. Although less severe in psychotic affective disorders, similar profiles of generalized neuropsychological deficits were observed across patient groups. Recovery of cognitive function after clinical stabilization was similar in mood disorders and schizophrenia. To the extent that these findings are generalizable, neuropsychological deficits in psychotic affective disorders, like schizophrenia, may be trait-like deficits with persistent functional implications.
The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) is an increasingly popular measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Singapore. In order to examine whether the SF-12v2 was appropriate for use in the population, the factor structure and validity of the English, Mandarin, and Malay versions were assessed in a representative sample of the general population of Singapore.
A great advantage of non-gravimetric vs. conventional gravimetric mode of quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) has been demonstrated for quantification of the hydrodynamic interactions of rigid porous electrode coatings with contacting electrolyte solutions. The complex frequency change of these electrodes measured by multiharmonic EQCM-D (Electrochemical QCM with Dissipation Monitoring) contains implicit information about the initial porous electrode structure at open-circuit potential and its minute changes caused by Li-ions intercalation into the electrode host. Fitting suitable hydrodynamic models to the experimental complex frequency changes allows determination of the initial geometric parameters of the porous electrode in contact with solution as well as their potential-dependent changes. Validation of structural parameters derived by the hydrodynamic models for a large number of porous structure geometries using penetration depth as a unique mesoscopic independent variable should be done using complementary techniques with different resolution power. A meaningful application of EQCM-D in Li-ion batteries R&D is only possible under strict control over numerous contributions to the total complex frequency change from the processes accompanying intercalation of ions into the electrode (viscoelastic effects of binders, formation of surface-electrolyte interface, side reactions with gas evolution, etc.)
Natural siderite is a valuable iron mineral composed of ferrous carbonate (FeCO3), which is commonly found in hydrothermal veins and contains no sulfur or phosphorus. In this paper, micro-sized FeCO3 crystallites are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route, and almost all of them possess a rhombohedral shape similar to that of natural products. When applied as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the synthetic siderite can deliver an initial specific discharge capacity of ∼1587 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 68% at 200 mA g−1, remaining a reversible value of 1018 mAh g−1 over 120 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1, after 120 cycles the residual specific capacity (812 mAh g−1) is still higher than the theoretical capacity of FeCO3 (463 mAh g−1). Moreover, a novel reversible conversion mechanism accounts for the excellent electrochemical performances of rhombohedral FeCO3 to a great extent, implying the potential applicability of synthetic siderite as lithium ion battery anodes.
Activated and high-energy milled carbons were halide modified via a vapor phase deposition of iodine. The physical and electrochemical properties of carbons iodated under various conditions were investigated. The iodine incorporation induced marked structural and electrochemical modification of activated carbons. These compounds resulted in a unique combination of high volumetric/gravimetric capacity. Specifically, the incorporation of halide leads to a 200–500% increase in volumetric capacity of carbon materials. The resulting improvement is brought about through a modification of the non-Faradaic performance and development of a psuedocapacitive reaction at approximately 3.1V. Both of these reactions have contributed to the higher volumetric capacity and are investigated relative to the synthesis conditions of the compound.
Flight attendants report on high physical load and complaints particularly focussing on the lower back. These findings are mainly ascribed to pushing and pulling of trolleys during the ascent and descent flight phases. Within an interdisciplinary experimental study, the load on the lumbar spine of flight attendants during trolley handling aboard aircraft was analysed based on laboratory measurements regarding posture and exerted forces as well as on subsequent biomechanical model calculations. Forces and moments of force at the lumbosacral disc were quantified for 458 manoeuvres performed by 25 flight attendants in total (22 female, 3 male). Lumbar load varies according to handling mode (pushing, pulling), floor gradient (0°, 2°, 5°, 8°), trolley type (half-, full-size trolley), trolley loading (empty, medium, full) and, in addition, according to individual execution technique. For each of the resulting 48 task configurations, lumbar load was evaluated with respect to potential biomechanical overload by applying work-design recommendations for disc compression and moment of force. Irrespective of floor inclination, trolley weight and individual performance, pushing of small trolleys is combined with acceptable lumbar load, pulling with critical load. Pushing or pulling large trolleys occasionally yield to critical lumbar load, in particular, when heavy or heaviest containers are moved on relatively steep or steepest surfaces. To diminish overload risk relevantly, top-edge grasp positions should be avoided for pulling of half-size trolleys, whereas for the other cases, grasping at the upper edge of the trolley is recommended. Relevance to industry The provided study illustrates lumbar load of flight attendants during trolley handling aboard aircraft for typical task conditions and individual execution techniques. Specified hints for work design regarding posture and grasp position enable to avoid biomechanical low-back overload for flight attendants. Furthermore, trolley properties may be reconsidered, regular maintenance of rollers should be guaranteed.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) containing silicon (Si) as a negative electrode have gained much attention recently because they deliver high energy density. However, the commercialization of LIBs with Si anode is limited due to the unstable electrochemical performance associated with expansion and contraction during electrochemical cycling. This study investigates the electrochemical performance and degradation mechanism of a full cell containing Si composite anode and LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate (LFP)) cathode. Enhanced electrochemical cycling performance is observed when the full cell is cycled with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive compared to the standard electrolyte. To understand the improvement in the electrochemical performance, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used. Based on the electrochemical behavior, FEC improves the reversibility of lithium ion diffusion into the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Si composite anode. Moreover, XPS analysis demonstrates that the SEI composition generated from the addition of FEC consists of a large amount of LiF and less carbonate species, which leads to better capacity retention over 40 cycles. The effective SEI successively yields more stable capacity retention and enhances the reversibility of lithium ion diffusion through the interphase of the Si anode, even at higher discharge rate. This study contributes to a basic comprehension of electrochemical performance and SEI formation of LIB full cells with a high loading Si composite anode.
In this work, a rapid hydrothermal method has been developed to synthesize hierarchical porous nanostructures assembled from ultrathin birnessite-type MnO2 nanosheets without using any template and surfactant. The microstructure, morphology, and thermal stability of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The electrochemical properties of the as-prepared MnO2 as an electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte, and a specific capacitance of 269Fg−1 was achieved at a current density of 0.3Ag−1. The specific capacitance retention and coulombic efficiency were 94% and 98% respectively after 2000 cycles at 1Ag−1. Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitor was also fabricated with MnO2 as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte with the cell voltage to 2V.
A new concept is proposed to realize high performance lithium polymer batteries. The two-phase battery concept is based on the use of two polyethers of different molecular weight. A low molecular weight polyether is used in the composite cathode to assure high ionic conductivity while a high molecular weight polyether is used in the electrolyte formulation. In this work, a composite cathode based on a solid, low molecular weight poly(ethylenglycol) dimethyl ether (PEG-DME, M.W. 2000), was coupled with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on poly(ethylenoxide) (PEO, M.W. 4×106). The electrochemical stability window, evaluated by a slow sweep voltammetry, showed that the system has an anodic breakdown voltage higher than 4.0V versus Li. The feasibility of two-phase batteries was evaluated by cycling tests. The results indicate that two-phase batteries have enhanced performance with respect to PEO based batteries.
Recent advances have led to a surge of interest in focused ultrasound (FUS) as a non-invasive, potentially disruptive tool for the most intractable neurological conditions.Magnetic resonance-guided FUS thermoablation has been approved for the treatment of essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson disease and is being investigated in psychiatric applications as well as in chronic pain and epilepsy.Transient opening of the blood–brain barrier for drug delivery is a burgeoning field, with early human studies demonstrating a favourable safety profile as well as versatility across and scalability within a range of clinical indications.Future studies will investigate the delivery of established pharmaceuticals and novel therapies in combination with FUS blood–brain barrier opening.Emerging applications are also harnessing the myriad of ways in which FUS can interact with the CNS, including immune modulation and neuromodulation.
Traditionally, emphasis has been placed on durable, long-lasting electronics. However, electronics that are meant to intentionally degrade over time can actually have significant practical applications. Biodegradable, or transient, electronics would open up opportunities in the field of medical implants, where the need for surgical removal of devices could be eliminated. Environmental sensors and, eventually, consumer electronics would also greatly benefit from this technology. An essential component of transient electronics is the battery, which serves as a biodegradable power source. This work involves the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of a magnesium-based biodegradable battery. Galvanostatic discharge tests show that an anode material of magnesium alloy AZ31 extends battery lifetime by over six times, as compared to pure magnesium. With AZ31, the maximum power and capacity of the fabricated device are 67 μW and 5.2 mAh, respectively, though the anode area is just 0.8 cm2. The development of an equivalent circuit model provided insight into the battery's behavior by extracting fitting parameters from experimental data. The model can accurately simulate device behavior, taking into account its intentional degradation. The size of the device and the power it produces are in accordance with typical levels for low-power transient systems.
This review considers the factors involved in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in response to food deprivation using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Some of the sensory neurons and interneurons involved in food intake are described, together with an overview of pharyngeal pumping. A number of chemical transmitters control feeding in C. elegans including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine, octopamine, and tyramine. The roles of these transmitters are modified by neuropeptides, including FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), neuropeptide-like protein (NLPs), and insulin-like peptides. The precise effects of many of these neuropeptides have yet to be elucidated but increasingly they are being shown to play a role in feeding and metabolism in C. elegans. The regulation of fat stores is complex and appears to involve the expression of a large number of genes, many with mammalian homologues, suggesting that fat regulatory signalling is conserved across phyla. Finally, a brief comparison is made between C. elegans and mammals where for both, despite their evolutionary distance, classical transmitters and neuropeptides have anorectic or orexigenic properties. Thus, there is a rationale to support the argument that an understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of feeding and fat regulation in C. elegans may contribute to efforts aimed at the identification of targets for the treatment of conditions associated with abnormal metabolism and obesity.
A major methodological challenge in environmental sound research is to select appropriate stimuli. When an experiment involves a large number of sound sources, making custom recordings or producing sounds live is frequently impractical or, for certain sounds, impossible. Existing databases of environmental sound recordings provide a researcher with a useful alternative. However, finding and selecting suitable sounds in such databases can be difficult because of the great variety of sounds present, poor documentation, questionable recording quality, and required purchasing costs. This article describes a number of practical issues to consider during the stimulus selection process, offers a preliminary compilation of existing resources for obtaining environmental sound recordings, provides some normative perceptual data that can be used as a reference for selecting stimuli and evaluating performance, and lists required characteristics and structural aspects of a research-oriented environmental sound database.
A new kind of polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) membrane based on guanidinium ionic liquid (IL) with ester and alkyl groups was synthesized. On addition of guanidinium IL, lithium salt, and nano silica in the PIL, a gel PIL electrolyte was prepared. The chemical structure of the PIL and the properties of gel electrolytes were characterized. The ionic conductivity of the gel electrolyte was 5.07 × 10−6 and 1.92 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The gel electrolyte had a low glass transition temperature (Tg) under −60 °C and a high decomposition temperature of 310 °C. When the gel polymer electrolyte was used in the Li/LiFePO4 cell, the cell delivered 142 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles at the current rates of 0.1 C and 80 °C.
A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is developed to power a notebook computer. The system consists of a compact methanol-reforming system with a CO preferential oxidation unit, a 16-cell PEMFC stack, and a control unit for the management of the system with a d.c.–d.c. converter. The compact fuel-processor system (260cm3) generates about 1.2Lmin−1 of reformate, which corresponds to 35We, with a low CO concentration (<30ppm, typically 0ppm), and is thus proven to be capable of being targetted at notebook computers.
A more efficient surfactant vinyltrimethoxysilane (vtmos) than previously reported one, sodium oleate (OAS), has been employed to enhance surface hydrophobisation of carbon aerogel for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) application. In comparison with attachment of hydrophobic moiety of OAS species to carbon surface grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane functional group enhances more efficiently the hydrophobisation of carbon material and the affinity toward propylene carbonate (PC) solvent, and accordingly improves more considerably the wettability of carbon in PC-based electrolyte solution. The enhanced wettability facilitates more rapid electrolyte ions transport within micropores of the vtmos modified carbon aerogel, resulting in lower internal resistance and energy loss than OAS modified carbon capacitor, and also favors more surface area for EDL formation, resulting in higher specific capacitance and energy for vtmos modified carbon aerogel electrochemical capacitor. In addition, vtmos modified carbon material has shown comparable charge–discharge cycling stability to that obtained by the original carbon.
Our objective was to find a mean flow velocity (MFV) cut-off point to differentiate between normal and cognitive impaired patients using Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) as a comparison method. To evaluate MFV (in cm/s) and pulsatility index (PI) from the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery using transcranial Doppler in a pilot study from an outpatient cognition unit and compare with cognitively normal older adults (at the age of sixty or older) from the Geriatric Ambulatory of Fluminense Federal University. We hypothesized that there is a MFV and PI cut-off point to potentially distinguish between normal and impaired cognition. Sixty-one patients with cognitive decline, including 18 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 31 with probable Alzheimer disease (AD), 12 with vascular dementia (VD), and 10 cognitively normal older adults were included in the study. Patients with dementia (both AD and VD, p < 0.01) and aMCI (p < 0.05) had lower MFV than the control group in the MCA (32.2 cm/s, 31.9 cm/s, and 36.6 cm/s, respectively) and dementia patients had higher PI compared to control (AD and VD, both p < 0.05). Basilar MFV showed to be no difference between the patients and the control group. A cut off value of 39.1 cm/s was found in a ROC curve (area under de curve value 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.95) for mean MCA MFV to be predictive of cognitive impairment (CDR ≥ 0.5). In this study, the values of MCA MFV below 39.1 cm/s were predictive of cognitive impairment according to CDR. TCD is an inexpensive method that could be used in a clinical scenario to help differentiate normal cognition from cognitive decline. Multicentric and longitudinal studies should be done to validate that.
Most efforts regarding strain effect at the interfaces between electrolytes and electrodes are mainly focused on enhancing the ionic conductivity in electrolytes. However, fundamental insights into the strain effect on gas transport properties in electrodes of fuel cells are still lacking. In this report, quantitative analysis is performed to evaluate the correlation between interfacial strain and the important fuel cells parameters, including limiting current density and concentration polarization. We demonstrate that the strain effect plays an important role in the performance of solid oxide fuel cells with nanostructured electrodes. Our studies provide a powerful platform for reducing concentration polarization by engineering quantitatively the interfacial strain, and facilitating the development of high-efficiency nanostructured fuel cells.