batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Novel graphene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/manganese oxide (MnO2) nanocomposites plus CNTs (GMC + C) and graphene/CNTs hybrid (GC) thin-film electrodes are prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). These nanocomposite electrodes exhibit high surface area and interconnected pore networks. The GMC + C nanocomposite electrode shows excellent specific capacitance of 964 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, rate capability with the residual capacitance of 529 F g−1 at 500 mV s−1, and fast Na+ diffusion with intercalation value of 6.34 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, and deintercalation value of 8.86 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. Such excellent pseudocapacitive performances are attributed to low ion/electron transport resistances and short ion/electron diffusion lengths. Furthermore, novel aqueous electrolyte-based asymmetric pseudocapacitor having 1.8 V cell voltage is successfully fabricated using GMC + C nanocomposite as a cathode and GC nanocomposite as an anode. The optimized asymmetric pseudocapacitor possesses superior performance with a maximum energy density of record high 304 Wh kg−1 and retaining 56.2% of its initial specific energy density at the power density up to 242 kW kg−1. In addition, the asymmetric cell configuration also shows excellent cycling stability with 89% specific capacitance maintained after 10,000 cycles. These results suggest that our designed asymmetric pseudocapacitors have a high potential for practical applications.
Hierarchical vanadium-based hollow microflowers are prepared by a facile solvothermal approach. This novel nanostructure can be easily converted to V2O5 without significant structural alteration by simple annealing. The as-derived V2O5 nanosheet-assembled hollow microflowers exhibit excellent lithium storage properties with high capacity and superior cycling stability.
Introduction Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is a major determinant of disability. This study explored the relationships among cognitive functioning, clinical symptoms, overall functionality, and demographic characteristics. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of a 52-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind study (N=323) comparing 2 doses of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) in stable subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Cognitive evaluations were performed and standardized using a healthy age- and sex-matched comparison group. Simple and multiple regression models were used to identify relationships among neurocognitive composite scores (NCS), clinical symptom end points (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total and factor scores), overall functionality (Personal and Social Performance [PSP] score), and demographics. Results A simple regression model identified significant relationships between the NCS at end point and PANSS total score, PANSS disorganized thoughts factor score, functioning (PSP) and age. A 1-point decrease on PANSS total score and PANSS disorganized thoughts factor score corresponded to an increase in NCS of 0.126-point, and 0.81-point increases, respectively. A 1-point increase on the PSP corresponded to a 0.186-point increase in the NCS T-score. Among the demographic variables, only age correlated significantly with cognition (10-year increase in age corresponded to 1.1-point decrease in NCS T-score) in a multiple regression model. Conclusion Improved cognition was associated with beneficial changes in functional status and clinical symptoms (particularly disorganization symptoms) in subjects with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Older subjects showed less overall cognitive improvement. Improved cognitive and functional outcome is correlated with symptom improvements in RLAI-treated patients with schizophrenia.
The selectivity behavior of zeolite-modified electrodes (ZMEs) fabricated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry in an aqueous KCl solution containing Pb and Cd as probe ions. The ZME of zeolite Y coated with Nafion was found to exhibit a high level of selectivity for Pb over Cd, with a selectivity coefficient of 0.068. The Pb/Cd selectivity of the EPD-ZME was then studied as a function of type of zeolite, cation of the supporting electrolyte, anion of the supporting electrolyte and metallic salts, and thickness of the zeolite and Nafion layers. All of the factors, except layer thickness, was found to have a significant effect on the selectivity behavior of the ZME.
Objective To synthesize the best available evidence on prognosis after sport concussion. Data Sources MEDLINE and other databases were searched (2001–2012) with terms including “craniocerebral trauma” and “sports.” Reference lists of eligible articles were also searched. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials and cohort and case-control studies were selected according to predefined criteria. Studies had to have a minimum of 30 concussion cases. Data Extraction Eligible studies were critically appraised using a modification of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Two reviewers independently reviewed and extracted data from accepted studies into evidence tables. Data Synthesis Evidence was synthesized qualitatively according to modified SIGN criteria, and studies were categorized as exploratory or confirmatory based on the strength of their design and evidence. After 77,914 records were screened, 52 articles were eligible for this review, and 24 articles (representing 19 studies) with a low risk of bias were accepted. Our findings are based on exploratory studies of predominantly male football players at the high school, collegiate, and professional levels. Most athletes recover within days to a few weeks, and American and Australian professional football players return to play quickly after mild traumatic brain injury. Delayed recovery appears more likely in high school athletes, in those with a history of previous concussion, and in those with a higher number and duration of postconcussion symptoms. Conclusions The evidence concerning sports concussion course and prognosis is very preliminary, and there is no evidence on the effect of return-to-play guidelines on prognosis. Our findings have implications for further research. Well-designed, confirmatory studies are urgently needed to understand the consequences of sport concussion, including recurrent concussion, across different athletic populations and sports.
This study discusses a simple and feasible method that involves in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O] and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) for the preparation of high performance electrode material (PZG composite) for supercapacitor application. In the presence of metal salt [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O], the capacitance value is changed and increased enormously compared to the capacitance value of PANI/GNP (PG) composite. Thus, the proposed method gives specific capacitance value for the PZG composite is ∼688F/g at a 10mV/s scan rate which is very high compared to the specific capacitance value (∼340F/g) of PG composite at the same scan rate. In the PZG composite, zinc acetate and GNP are successfully coated by PANI, which provides more active sites for nucleation and electron transfer path. In addition, the inter- and intra-molecular interactions among them facilitate the electron transfer path which plays an important role to enhance the capacitance value of the composite. Moreover, the prepared composite is electrically conducting in nature and shows electrical conductivity in the order of ≈4.67×10−2 Scm−1. In addition, PZG composite shows semi-conducting behavior. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been studied for the morphological analysis of the PZG composite.
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) technology has grown into a massive field of research and development with a fast increasing number of scientific publications and patent applications. We have created a database for patents and patent applications that deal with dye-sensitized solar cell technology. In this paper the database has been used to analyze the number of patent applications over time, as well as technical, organizational, and geographical trends in patent applications for dye-sensitized solar cells. Activity in relation to DSC patents seriously took off after the millennium, with the majority of DSC patent applications coming from Asia. Almost 90% of the documents in the database derive from Japan, China, and Korea. From a technical perspective, approximately 75% of the DSC patent applications deal with DSC materials, mainly semiconductor materials, dyes, electrolytes, and device substrates. The DSC patent situation is complex and we recommend any potential manufacturer of DSC devices and/or DSC components to carefully analyze their freedom-to-operate.
We report cobalt iron carbonate hydroxide hydrate on three-dimensions porous carbon as active and stable bifunctional oxygen electrode for Zn–air battery. The difference between oxygen evolution reaction potential at 10 mA cm−2 and oxygen reduction reaction half-wave potential is only 0.804 V, outperforming most catalysts reported to date. The cobalt iron carbonate hydroxide hydrate on porous carbon serves as a superb air cathode electrocatalyst in high-performance rechargeable Zn–air battery.
Lithium-ion batteries are popular energy storage devices for a wide variety of applications. As batteries have transitioned from being used in portable electronics to being used in longer lifetime and more safety-critical applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and aircraft, the cost of failure has become more significant both in terms of liability as well as the cost of replacement. Failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA) provides a rigorous framework to define the ways in which lithium-ion batteries can fail, how failures can be detected, what processes cause the failures, and how to model failures for failure prediction. This enables a physics-of-failure (PoF) approach to battery life prediction that takes into account life cycle conditions, multiple failure mechanisms, and their effects on battery health and safety. This paper presents an FMMEA of battery failure and describes how this process enables improved battery failure mitigation control strategies.
This paper shows a methodology for the assessment of the photovoltaic potential in urban areas using Google Earth™ tool that provides either satellite images of the roofs of buildings or their number of floors by means of the Street View function. The applicability of the methodology has been tested on a selected urban area of the city of Palermo in the South of Italy. After classifying roofs according to the shape, orientation and pitch of buildings with different morphologies, the share of energy generated by the installable PV systems was evaluated with regard to the number of floors. Moreover the coverage of the electricity demand was investigated on the basis of the consumption of electricity of the households. The results of the energy assessment have been screened considering the economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The proposed methodology permits to select a threshold number of floors of the buildings in correspondence of which the PV system that may be installed, and the consequent production of electricity, may not recover the costs for installation and maintenance of the system. This aspect has also been analyzed by considering the main factors that influence the computation, such as the mismatch between generated and consumed electricity and the shading effects due to the surrounding obstacles. The methodology could also be used to assess the effectiveness of the national incentives to support the diffusion of the PV systems in the short term.
Introduction Our study focuses on an audit of the pedagogical quality of the training of educational inspectors in the center of education inspectors’ training (CFIE) at Rabat-Morocco. Its main purpose is to identify the “standard’ indicators and andragogical variables determining the quality of our training device. For the issue of “How to audit the pedagogical quality of training”, we responded by building an adapted multidimensional model of quality audit: the MASEMCO model. Methodology, Our deployed methodological approach is obviously “mixed”. It is exploratory because it promotes the investigation and inquiry; and it combines, via the principle of total triangulation, methods of collection and analysis of qualitative (Muchielli, 2009, Strauss & Corbin, 2004) and quantitative data (Karsenti&Savoie-Zajc, 2011; Giard, 2007). Results, Factor analysis of the data revealed that among the 32 analyzed variables, only ten represent 64.53% of training quality. No single factor is dominant; all have almost the same value. All influence in similar proportions the quality of our device. These ten factors are the principal indicators of pedagogical quality of CFIE, and represent less than 10% of variance. Conclusion, The device quality at CFIE is relatively unsatisfactory. It is plural and determined by a battery of ten indicators. Our training device has several deficiencies relating to different dimensions. However, the MASEMCO model presents some shortcomings. It does not cover the professional dimensions of training. Therefore, it deserves to be used in conjunction with other assessment models of professional practice or professional skills of inspectors.
Most studies of union formation focus on short-term probabilities of marrying, cohabiting, or divorcing in the next year. In this study, we take a long-term perspective by considering joint probabilities of marrying or cohabiting by certain ages and maintaining the unions for at least 8, 12, or even 24 years. We use data for female respondents in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate choice models for multiple stages of the union-forming process. We then use the estimated parameters to simulate each woman’s sequence of union transitions from ages 18–46, and use the simulated outcomes to predict probabilities that women with given characteristics follow a variety of long-term paths. We find that a typical, 18 year-old woman with no prior unions has a 22 % chance of cohabiting or marrying within 4 years and maintaining the union for 12+ years; this predicted probability remains steady until the woman nears age 30, when it falls to 17 %. We also find that unions entered via cohabitation contribute significantly to the likelihood of experiencing a long-term union, and that this contribution grows with age and (with age held constant) as women move from first to second unions. This finding reflects the fact that the high probability of entering a cohabiting union more than offsets the relatively low probability of maintaining it for the long-term. Third, the likelihood of forming a union and maintaining it for the long-term is highly sensitive to race, but is largely invariant to factors that can be manipulated by public policy such as divorce laws, welfare benefits, and income tax laws.
A three dimensional numerical framework with finite volume method was employed to simulate heat generation of a semi lithium ion battery (LIB) cell during isothermal galvanostatic discharge processes. The microstructure of the LIB cathode electrode was experimentally determined using X-ray nano computed tomography technology. Heat generation in the semi LIB cell during galvanostatic discharge processes from different mechanisms, such as electronic resistive heat, ionic resistive heat, contact resistive heat, reaction heat, entropic heat and heat of mixing, was investigated. The spatial distribution of heat generation rates from different mechanisms was also studied. The simulation results demonstrate that the magnitude of heat generation rates spans a wide range in the electrode due to structural inhomogeneity. The simulation results of heat generation from the three dimensional model and the porous-electrode theory model were compared in this study. It is found that the typical Bruggeman coefficient, 1.5, underestimated ionic resistance in the electrolyte and overestimated electronic resistance in the cathode particles. In general, the three dimensional model predicted more heat generation than the porous-electrode theory model at large discharge rates due to the wider distribution of physical and electrochemical properties.
This randomized, controlled, forced-switching, open-label, parallel-group, single-center study in 100 male and female adult smokers evaluated 12 biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure. We measured exposure to the following smoke constituents: nicotine, pyrene, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, three aromatic amines, carbon monoxide, benzene, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 1,3-butadiene. After baseline exposure determination, adult smokers of a conventional cigarette (CC) were switched to an electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS, Series K), continued smoking the CC, or stopped smoking (No-smoking) for 8 days in a controlled, confined, clinical setting. In the EHCSS group, the mean decrease from Baseline to Day 8 in the biomarkers of exposure ranged from 16% to 77% at Day 8 compared to Baseline. After adjusting for the residual effect (carryover effects due to long elimination half-life and non-tobacco confounding sources of exposure), the mean percent decrease from Baseline for all 12 biomarkers ranged from 47% to 90%. In conclusion, switching for 8 days from a conventional cigarette to the EHCSS substantially reduced exposure of adult smokers to several constituents of both the particulate and gas phases of cigarette smoke.
Multi-layer graphene assembled fibers (MLG fibers) are synthesized by template-assistant decomposition of ethanol. Morphology and structure characterization results indicate that the synthesized fibers possessed a porous structure with diameters ranged from 1 to 1.5 μm and a length of 8–15 μm. The electrochemical properties of the fibers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are evaluated. The results indicate that MLG fiber electrode could deliver much better energy storage performance than that of chemical vapor deposited carbon fibers and other reported graphene-containing one dimensional materials. Benefited from their structure advantages, the MLG fiber electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 837 mAhh g−1 after 150 cycles at 250 mA g−1 in lithium-ion battery system, and a good capacity of 392 mAhh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 in sodium-ion battery system. The attractive lithium and sodium storage properties can be ascribed to the porous fiber structure built by graphene sheets, which provide advantages including large surface area, easy pathways for electrolyte diffusion and low charge transfer resistance.
In order to optimize the electron transfer between the Li4Ti5O12-based active mass and the current collector, the surface of aluminum foil was modified either by alkaline etching or by a carbon coating. The as-modified aluminum foils were coated with an active mass of Li4Ti5O12 mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or polyacrylic acid as binders. Untreated aluminum and copper foils served as reference current collectors. The corrosion reactions of aluminum foil with the applied binder solutions were studied and the electrode structure has been analyzed, depending on the binder. Finally, the electrochemical performance of the prepared electrodes was investigated. Based on these measurements, conclusions concerning the electrical contact between the different current collectors and the active masses were drawn. The energy density of the Li4Ti5O12 electrodes cast on carbon-coated aluminum foils was significantly increased, compared to the corresponding electrodes with a copper current collector.
The authors regret that in the next to last paragraph of the “Results and discussion”, it says “The shear modulus and Poisson's ratio are estimated to be G = 10 GPa…”, the correct value is G = 4 GPa. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
SnO2, as an undercoat, has been recently applied on Ti substrate to prepare PbO2 anodes to improve the stability and electro-catalytic activity. In this work, we explored the electro-deposition of PbO2 on the Ti substrate with a Sb-doped SnO2 undercoat, from a traditional acidic nitrate solution. The morphology and microstructure of the PbO2 coatings were investigated by varying electro-deposition temperature and time. It is found that the Sb-doped SnO2 undercoat significantly promotes the electro-deposition process of PbO2. At a low electro-deposition temperature, a preferential crystallographic orientation is usually observed in the coatings, which exhibit a caterpillar-like morphology. At a higher deposition temperature, the PbO2 coatings display a more tightly packed pyramid-like morphology. The crystallite size increases with deposition temperature. Electrochemical performance of the deposited PbO2 largely depends on their morphologies and microstructures. It is suggested that deep reaction path, high porosity and good connectivity between crystallites play a synergic role in determining the electrochemical performance of the PbO2 coatings.
Start-up company Stonybrook Purification claims that it is developing a technology that can dramatically lower the cost of making clean water.
The high cut-off voltage for delivering the high reversible capacity of LiCoO2 often causes its capacity fading and potential safety hazards. Herein, LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 is uniformly modified on LiCoO2 to prepare LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 via a ball-milling method. In half-cell (or full-cell) tests, the LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 exhibits the improved cycle stability between 3.00 V and 4.55 V (or 4.48 V). The capacity of LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 with 1.0% modification content can be up to 161.9 mAh g−1 from 133.3 mAh g−1 of LiCoO2 after 150 cycles. The cyclability improvement of lithium ion batteries employing LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 cathode is ascribed to a delay of structure collapse and a decrement of cobalt dissolution. Moreover, LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 on the LiCoO2 leads to an increase in the onset temperature of primary exothermic peaks, and a decrease in the maximum rising temperature of thermal shock from 500 °C to 160 °C while LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2/graphite full cell is charged to 4.48 V. The LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 improves thermal stability of the LiCoO2-based cathode by depressing O2 evolution and decreasing internal short dots.
This paper reports the characterization of starch-chitosan blend based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) system and its application in electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) and proton batteries. All the SPEs are prepared via solution cast technique. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) verify the conductivity result from our previous work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows the difference in the electrolyte's surface with respect to NH4Cl and glycerol content. From transference number measurements (TNM), transference number of ion (tion ) of the electrolytes shows that ion is the dominant conducting species. Transference number of cation (t+ ) for the highest conducting electrolyte is found to be 0.56. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) result confirms the suitability of the highest conducting electrolyte to be used in the fabrication of EDLC and proton batteries. The EDLC has been characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The open circuit potential (OCP) of the primary proton batteries for 48h is lasted at (1.54±0.02)V, while that of secondary proton batteries is lasted at (1.58±0.01)V. The primary proton batteries have been discharged at different constant currents. The secondary proton battery has been charged and discharged for 40 cycles.