batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The present study analyzed rates of peer victimization in children with a chronic tic disorder as compared to children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. The associations among peer victimization, tic symptom severity, and psychological symptoms, as well as the potential mediating relationship between peer victimization, tic severity, and child internalizing symptoms, were also explored. Children with tics displayed higher rates of peer victimization than control groups, and peer victimization in children with tics was positively correlated with tic symptom severity, loneliness, anxiety symptoms, and parent report of child internalizing symptoms. Results also supported the hypothesis that peer victimization mediates the relationship between tic symptom severity and loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of the assessment and treatment of psychosocial variables in children with chronic tic disorders, including social functioning and peer relationships.
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles with controllable particle sizes and densities on platinum substrates was first developed by sonoelectrochemical methods in this study. First, an Au substrate was cycled in a deoxygenated aqueous solution containing 0.1M HCl from −0.28 to +1.22V vs. Ag/AgCl at 500mV/s with different scans. The durations at the cathodic and anodic vertexes are 10 and 5s, respectively. After that Au-containing complexes were found existing in this aqueous solution. Subsequently, the Au working electrode was immediately replaced by a Pt electrode and different cathodic overpotentials and reduction time were employed under controlled sonication to synthesize Au nanoparticles on the Pt electrode. Then pyrrole (Py) monomers were encouragingly found to be autopolymerized to form polypyrrole (PPy)/Au nanocomposites on the Pt substrate due to the electrochemical activity of some unreduced species of the positively charged Au-containing complexes, which were incorporated into the deposited Au nanoparticles during the sonoelectrochemical reduction in a specific condition.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of National Institutes of Health has funded and operated the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer - a large multi-disciplinary program which leverages research at the intersection of molecular biology, oncology, physics, chemistry, and engineering to develop innovative cancer interventions. The program has demonstrated that convergence of several scientific disciplines catalyzes innovation and progress in cancer nanotechnology and advances its clinical translation. This paper takes a look at last thirteen years of the Alliance program operations and delineates its outcomes, successes, and outlook for the future.
This paper describes the potential of the development of a seawater desalination system that combines the technologies of reverse osmosis (RO) and photovoltaic (PV) to deliver 100m3/day of sweet water. Silicon cells are chosen for the PV array and the polyamide thin-film composite seawater Filmtec membranes are selected for the RO system. The software ROSA is adopted to study the influences of the feed pressure on the performance of the system. It is found that as the feed pressure increases, the specific energy of the plant decreases but the percentage of recovery increases.
Large scale wind turbines have been extensively examined for decades, but a very few studies have been conducted on small-scale wind turbines especially for the applications where artificial wind speed is of the order of 15 m per second. This study provides systematic effort towards design and development of small scale wind turbine aimed to operate at high wind speeds. The drag-based wind turbine has an enormous potential for small-scale power generation in cement manufacturing plant. It uses bag filter to prevent environmental pollution so as to let out the clean high velocity exhaust air through the duct. The work reported here presents to utilize exhaust air for electrical power generation. Exhaust air flow has been analysed in Ansys Fluent Software. Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology was adopted to evaluate the performance of the wind turbine. The results of torque assessment of the wind turbine in its static as well as dynamic condition have been presented. Experimental setup consisting turbine, generator, battery and load has been tested and validated.
Like other cnidarians, the freshwater organism Hydra is characterized by the possession of cnidocytes (stinging cells). Most cnidocytes are located on hydra tentacles, where they are organized along with sensory cells and ganglion cells into battery complexes. The function of the battery complexes is to integrate multiple types of stimuli for the regulation of cnidocyte discharge. The molecular mechanisms controlling the discharge of cnidocytes are not yet fully understood, but it is known that discharge depends on extracellular Ca2+ and that mechanically induced cnidocyte discharge can be enhanced by the presence of prey extracts and other chemicals. Experiments in this paper show that a PKD2 (polycystin 2) transient receptor potential (TRP) channel is expressed in hydra tentacles and bases. PKD2 (TRPP) channels belong to the TRP channel superfamily and are non-selective Ca2+ channels involved in the transduction of both mechanical and chemical stimuli in other organisms. Non-specific PKD2 channel inhibitors Neo (neomycin) and Gd3+ (gadolinium) inhibit both prey capture and cnidocyte discharge in hydra. The PKD2 activator Trip (triptolide) enhances cnidocyte discharge in both starved and satiated hydra and reduces the inhibition of cnidocyte discharge caused by Neo. PKD1 and 2 proteins are known to act together to transduce mechanical and chemical stimuli; in situ hybridization experiments show that a PKD1 gene is expressed in hydra tentacles and bases, suggesting that polycystins play a direct or indirect role in cnidocyte discharge.
The in-situ XRD and ex-situ solid state NMR analysis are performed as well as electrochemical measurements to understand transfer properties of Li ion. Capacities of blended anode increased with increasing silicon carbon nano composite content and voltage profiles are differentiated with each other. In-situ XRD experiments reveal that structural changes of graphite are retarded as silicon carbon nano composite contents increased. 7Li NMR spectra are measured for blended anodes with different state of discharging and as a result, silicon is discharged prior to graphite at the initial stage of discharging. Moreover, asymmetric behaviors of structural changes between discharging and charging process are explained by comparison with 7Li NMR spectra of anodes at 20% of state of discharge during discharging and charging. Capacity fade of blended anode is investigated with NMR measurement on the different state of health and it is found that portions of graphite and silicon’s faded capacities are differently evolved during calendar life and degraded.
Motors that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, have been considered as one of the most crucial components of all-climatic electric vehicles (EVs). In order to realize high-quality energy conversion, motor optimization has attracted considerable attention in the research field of motors. In this paper, systematic multi-level optimization design and dynamic control strategy is proposed for a less-rare-earth hybrid permanent magnet (LRE-HPM) motor. In the proposed systematic optimization strategy, the design requirements of the motor design level and control level are considered comprehensively. In the motor design level, the comprehensive sensitivity analysis is adopted to stratify design parameters, and the response surface method and multi-objective genetic algorithm are implemented respectively. In the motor control level, the resonance compensation strategy is established to further suppress torque ripple and speed vibration. Finally, a prototype motor is built and tested. Both simulation and experimental results not only verify the effectiveness of the proposed systematic optimization and dynamic control strategy, but also offer a research orientation for realizing high-quality energy conversion of all-climatic EVs.
To characterize environmental risks linked to former uranium mines in the Limousin region of France, a study was conducted on fish health effects from uranium releases. Two private ponds were compared in this study, one with uranium contamination and one background site, upstream of the mining zone. Roach, Rutilus rutilus, were caged for 28 days in both ponds. Physico-chemical parameters of water and sediments and bioaccumulation of metals in several organs were determined. After 14 and 28 days of caging, immune, oxidative stress, biotransformation, neurotoxicity and physiological parameters were measured. Iron and aluminium were quantified in the water of both sites; however, barium and manganese were only present in the water of the uranium contaminated site. Uranium was present in both sites but at very different concentrations. The sediments from the uranium contaminated site contained high levels of radioactive elements coming from the disintegration chain of uranium. Results of biological parameters indicated stimulation of immune parameters and of oxidative stress and a decrease of AChE in fish caged in the uranium contaminated pond compared to the uranium-free pond. Overall, the results determined roach health status in the context of pollution from poly-metallic mining. The data strengthen our knowledge of the environmental risk assessment associated with radioactive substances in the environment.
To determine optimum conditions for the synthesis of LiNiO2 by the combustion method, syntheses were carried out in air and under oxygen at various calcination temperatures and for different times. The electrochemical properties of the prepared samples were then investigated. The optimum conditions are preheating at 400 °C for 30 min in air in the mole ratio of urea to nitrate 3.6 and calcination at 750 °C for 36 h under O2. The LiNiO2 synthesized under these conditions had a first discharge capacity of 189 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C-rate and relatively good cycling performance. This sample has a larger value of I003/I104 (smaller cation mixing) and a smaller R-factor (larger hexagonal ordering). Cycling performance was investigated in various voltage ranges. The first discharge capacity increased as the upper limit of the voltage range rose. The first discharge capacity was small but cycling performance was good when the sample was cycled in the voltage range with the lowest upper limit.
In this work, carboxyl groups were introduced on the organic ligands of ZIF-67 through post-synthetic modification (-CH3→-CH2Br→-CHO→-COOH). A thin layer of Ag nanoparticles (3 nm in diameter) coating was deposited on external surface of ZIF-67 crystals through the reaction between the aldehyde groups in the ligands and silver ammonia solution. The carboxyl groups can participate in the lithium storage while the Ag nanoparticles coating help in increasing the conductivity. Electrochemical properties of the modified ZIF-67 electrodes are examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. Benefiting from the outstanding conductivity of Ag nanoparticles and the synergistic effect between Ag nanoparticles and the modified ZIF-67, the composite exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance compared to its ZIF-67 counterpart. Nearly an invariable capacity of 800 mA h g−1 is maintained up to 100 cycles at 0.28 C (1C = 137 mA g−1) with a Coulombic efficiency of 99%. Furthermore, the ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on the electrode material under different states suggest that the Co ions remain in the Co2+ state during the charging/discharging process and the usual conversion reaction mechanism for lithium storage might not be suitable for the modified ZIF-67 electrode material.
Since 1992 the Lithium Battery Energy Storage Technology Research Association (LIBES) has been conducting a 10-year research and development project, ‘Development of the Dispersed-type Battery Energy Storage Technology’, on two types of batteries, an electric vehicle (EV) application type and a stationary type for a home-use energy storage system for load leveling. After the first interim evaluation in 1995, the work load of the battery developers in LIBES was divided into the following two groups: one is the group for the development of large-scale cells and battery modules with four approaches; and the other is the group for the development of next-generation battery technologies including lithium polymer battery technology. The aim of the research and development of lithium polymer battery technology in LIBES is to develop the solid-state lithium polymer battery using carbon material as the anode. Our laboratory has developed and improved a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (SPE(B)) as one of the candidate polymer electrolytes.
Mesoporous titanium dioxide/tin dioxide/carbon (TiO2/SnO2/C) hollow microspheres are fabricated by a facile strategy. In this composite, SnO2 is sandwiched between TiO2 hollow microsphere and carbon coating layer. This intriguing nanostructure effectively buffers volume change and structural stress, and facilitates electron and ion transport throughout the electrode, thus contributing to excellent cycling stability.
The electrochemical behavior of nitrogen-doped polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based graphite felt prepared by three pretreatment methods for the reaction of Fe3+/Fe2+ was investigated. Then the effects of three pretreatment, including doped nitrogen, heat treatment and acid treatment, on the 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid (AQDS) electrochemical reaction activity of the PAN-based graphite felt were investigated and compared. The crystal structure, the surface morphology, and surface chemical composition of the PAN-based graphite felt were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron spectroscopy. The results of the electrochemical performance showed that the nitrogen content can influence the activity of PAN-based graphite felt in the reaction of Fe3+/Fe2+. Besides, the activity of PAN-based graphite felt in the AQDS electrochemical reaction was affected by the content of COOH group on the surface of graphite felt.
Spherical morphology [Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4]3O4 materials have been synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The Li[Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4]O2 powders were prepared at various pyrolysis temperatures between 500 and 900°C. The Li[Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4]O2 material prepared at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C samples are exhibited excellent electrochemical cycling performance and delivered the highest discharge capacity at over 180mAhg−1 between 2.8 and 4.4V. The structural, electrochemical, morphological property and thermal stability of the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic charge/discharge testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), respectively.
Amorphous hydrogen storage alloys Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni1−x Pd x (x =0–0.15) were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). The electrochemical performances of electrode alloys were studied by cyclic charge–discharge experiment, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The capacity retention rate C 20th/C max of quaternary Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni1−x Pd x (x =0.05, 0.1, 0.15) alloys are 66.2%, 75% and 76.8%, respectively, much higher than that of Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni (31.4%). It was demonstrated that the substitution of Pd for Ni improved the cyclic stability of MgTiNi-based electrode alloy greatly. The partial substitution of Pd for Ni also led to the increase of exchange current density I 0, which concluded that the reaction activity on the surface of alloys was effectively improved.
Thin film deposition as applied to micro solid oxide fuel cell (μSOFC) fabrication is an emerging and highly active field of research that is attracting greater attention. This paper reviews thin film (thickness ≤1μm) deposition techniques and components relevant to SOFCs including current research on nanocrystalline thin film electrolyte and thin-film-based model electrodes. Calculations showing the geometric limits of μSOFCs and first results towards fabrication of μSOFCs are also discussed.
Machine learning and natural language processing are forms of artificial intelligence that enable robust interrogation of multiple datasets to identify previously undiscovered patterns and relationships in the data.Machine learning approaches have been applied to the study of neurodegenerative diseases and show promise in the areas of early diagnosis, prognosis and development of new therapies.A substantial number of machine learning algorithms exist, and choosing the correct algorithm to apply to different types of data is crucial to obtain reliable results.Neuroimaging was the first area of neurology to benefit from the application of machine learning approaches to improve diagnosis; more recently, application of machine learning methods to motor function and language feature analysis has shown promise in decreasing the time taken to perform clinical assessments.The application of machine learning to longitudinal patient data collection and electronic health records has the potential to inform prognosis prediction and patient stratification.Large collections of curated datasets and robust assessment of machine learning methods will be needed to achieve full integration of machine learning into diagnostic and prognostic neurology practice and the design of future therapeutics.
Before October 16, 1846, scientists had attempted to reduce pain under anesthesia by using various remedies: alcohol, opium, and nonpharmacologic methods such as hypnosis and electricity. The experiments on the possibility of using electricity in medicine and veterinary medicine underwent a rapid boost in the 1930s in Europe, where electricity posed a viable option for stunning cattle before slaughter. Imprecisely, the electrostunning was also called electronarcosis, and scientists believed that the effects of electric current on the brain were similar to the action of anesthetic drugs. The most peculiar electrical device for stunning cattle was the AnestyGun, and many speculated about using these devices also for anesthesia.
Cognitive impairments are central to schizophrenia, but their clinical utility for tagging heterogeneity in lifetime outcome and response to treatment is not conclusive. By exploiting four cognitive domains consistently showing large deficits in studies, we tested whether cluster analysis would define separate subsets of patients and then whether the disease heterogeneity marked by these clusters would be related to lifetime outcome and response to treatment. A total of 112 schizophrenia patients completed a neuropsychological evaluation. The PANSS, GAF-S and GAF-F were rated at the onset and endpoint of the illness trajectory. A blind judgment of the lifetime response to treatment was made. The first cluster presented near-normal cognitive performance. Two other clusters of severely impaired patients were identified: one generally impaired in the four cognitive domains and another selectively impaired in visual episodic memory and processing speed, each relating to a different lifetime evolution of disease and treatment response. Although the two impaired clusters were clinically indistinguishable in symptom severity and functioning at disease onset, patients with selective cognitive impairments demonstrated better improvement at outcome, whereas the generally impaired patients were more likely to be treatment refractory. The findings have implications for the management of patients and for clinical trials since particular combinations of cognitive deficits in patients would influence their treatment response.
Hard carbon has been regarded as one of the most promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost and high reverisble capacity. However, the practical use of hard carbon materials has been hindered by its limited initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycling stability. Herein, ultrathin Al2O3-coated hard carbon materials are synthesized through direct atomic layer deposition (ALD). When served as an anode in sodium-ion batteries, the optimal Al2O3-coated hard carbon electrode delivers a high reversible capacity (355 mA h g−1), ICE (75%) and superior cycling stability (a capacity retention of 90.7% over 150 cycles) compared with the bare one (260.9 mA h g−1, ICE: 67%, capacity retention: 82.8%). The deposited Al2O3 film as an “artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI)” on the electrode surface, efficiently suppresses the decomposition of the electrolyte, leading to high ICE and cycling stability. Meanwhile, the Al2O3-coated film reduces interfacial resistance and electrode overpotential, resulting in an increased reversible capacity. A critical thickness (about 2 nm) of Al2O3-artificial SEI is also proposed to meet the requirements to electron and ion transport. Therefore, this work provides a general and straightforward surface modification method to enhance the interface stability of hard carbon anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Poly(acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate) (P(AN-VAc)) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization with different mole ratios of acrylonitrile (AN) to vinyl acetate (VAc). P(AN-VAc) membrane was prepared with phase inversion method and was activated by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to prepare a new type of gel polymer electrolyte matrix, P(AN-VAc)/PMMA. The performances of the synthesized copolymer and prepared polymer matrixes were characterized with FTIR, TGA, SEM, electrochemical and mechanical test. Compared with P(AN-VAc), P(AN-VAc)/PMMA is better as the matrix for gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery use. P(AN-VAc)/PMMA has higher mechanical strength than P(AN-VAc) and the gel polymer electrolyte based on P(AN-VAc)/PMMA has higher electrochemical and chemical stability and ionic conductivity.
Two NiCo2O4 bimetallic oxides were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. SEM and TEM observations show that these materials have three-dimensional (3D) dandelion-like (DL) and flower-like (FL) morphologies. Their large specific surface areas (90.68 and 19.8 m2·g−1) and porous structures provide many active sites and effective transport pathways for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electrochemical measurements with a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) indicate that the electron transfer numbers of the NiCo2O4-DL and NiCo2O4-FL catalysts for ORR in an alkaline solution are 3.97 and 3.91, respectively. Fuel cells were assembled with the bimetallic oxides, PtRu/C and a polymer fiber membrane (PFM) as cathode catalysts, anode catalyst and electrolyte film, respectively. For NiCo2O4-DL, the peak power density reaches up to 73.5 mW·cm−2 at 26 °C, which is the highest room-temperature value reported to date. The high catalytic activity of NiCo2O4 is mainly attributed to the presence of many Co3+ cations that directly donate electrons to O2 to reduce it via a more efficient and effective route. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of NiCo2O4-DL is superior to that of NiCo2O4-FL because it has a higher specific surface area and is less crystalline.