batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Current commercial Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are powered by conventional batteries. However, such technology has reached a point at which an increase of the endurance and range of operations would require increasing the size of existing AUV designs. Much attention has been paid to fuel cells as they have proven successfully installable in AUV prototypes and have shown good results regarding the increase of range and endurance of AUVs. Nevertheless, no commercial AUV powered by fuel cells has been made yet. In this work, the characteristics of well-known commercial AUVs have been studied using the Principal Components Analysis. Such study allows inferring the requirements and constraints for the implementation of fuel cells in commercial AUVs. Freedom in certain design parameters of both fuel cells and AUVs has been found. Regarding the necessity to store oxidant along with the fuel in underwater applications, a map of achieved energy densities by the combination of different means of storing hydrogen and oxygen has been obtained. Such map reveals the most benefiting combination of storage means for both reactants. Finally, a method for obtaining the initial design parameters of fuel cell powered AUVs is proposed.
Excellent design of a thermal management system requires good understanding of the thermal behaviors of power batteries. In this study, the electrochemical and heat performances of a prismatic 40 Ah C/LiFePO4 battery are investigated with a focus on the influence of temperature on cell capacity in a mixed charge–discharge cycle. In addition, the heat generation and energy efficiency of a battery are determined during charge and discharge at different current rates. The experimental results indicate that in certain temperature ranges, both the charging and discharging capacities increase significantly as the temperature increases. In addition, the energy efficiency reaches more than 95% when the battery runs at a current rate of 0.33 C–2 C and temperature of 25–45 °C. A thermal mathematical model based on experimentally obtained internal resistances and entropy coefficients is developed. Using this model, the increase in the battery temperature is simulated based on specific heat values that are measured experimentally and calculated theoretically. The results from the simulation indicate that the temperature increase agrees well with the experimental values, the measured specific heat provides better results than the calculated specific heat and the heat generated decreases as the temperature increases.
Scholars have recognized that a recent increase in the ways citizens participate beyond the electoral arena may be a promising avenue of renewal for citizen participation. In this article we test the theory that different kinds of citizenship norms motivate some citizens to specialize in electoral-oriented activities (e.g. voting), while others specialize in non-institutionalized activities (e.g. protest). The latent class analysis of data from the U.S. Citizen, Involvement and Democracy Survey (2005) in the current study assesses how actors combine a variety of acts in their “political tool kits” of participation, and facilitates a comparison to prior findings that analyze single political behaviors. Results indicate a participatory type that specializes in non-institutionalized acts, but the group’s high probability of voting does not align with the expectations in the literature. An electoral-oriented specialist type is not identified; instead, the findings show that a majority of the population is best characterized as disengaged, while a small group of all-around activists embrace all possible opportunities for political action. The actor-centered theoretical and measurement approach in this study identifies caveats to the theory that changing citizenship norms are leading to civic and political renewal. We discuss the implications of these findings for measuring different aspects of democratic (dis)engagement and participatory (in)equality.
LiFexMn2-xO4 (x =0.0, 0.1 and 0.2) with superior rate and cycling performance is synthesized using a sol – gel method by combining citric acid and glucose as the chelating agent. For the first time Fe is found to basically occupy the 16d site. Fe doping decreases the occupancies of Mn at the 8a site considerably, and reduces the variations of the lattice volume before and after charge significantly, and suppresses the formation of the lower valence manganese surface phases. The structure - related factors other than the conventional morphology and size lead to the drastically enhanced performance of the Fe - doped samples. The combination of the decreased occupancies of Mn on the 8a site, and the only occupation of Fe on the 16d site, and the suppression of the surface phases of manganese ions with the lower valences and the alleviation of the Jahn - Teller effect due to the partial replacement of Mn3+ by Fe3+ result in both the improved electronic and ionic conductivities, and thus the drastically enhanced performance. The capacity of 66 mAh g−1 for x = 0.2 is delivered for 300C discharge with 1C charge. The capacity retentions after 1500 cycles for 100C discharge and 10C charge at room temperature (RT) and 60°C are 90% and 83%, respectively. The present study opens a feasible way to obtain the high performance manganese spinel cathode by controlling the lattice site occupation of an alien element and manganese and the formation of low valence manganese surface phases.
Technical challenges facing determination of battery available power arise from its complicated nonlinear dynamics, input and output constraints, and inaccessible internal states. Available solutions often resorted to open-loop prediction with simplified battery models or linear control algorithms. To resolve these challenges simultaneously, this paper formulates an economic nonlinear model predictive control to forecast a battery's state-of-power. This algorithm is built upon a high-fidelity model that captures nonlinear coupled electrical and thermal dynamics of a lithium-ion battery. Constraints imposed on current, voltage, temperature, and state-of-charge are then taken into account in a systematic fashion. Illustrative results from several different tests over a wide range of conditions demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of accurately predicting the power capability with the error less than 0.2% while protecting the battery from undesirable reactions. Furthermore, the effects of temperature constraints, prediction horizon, and model accuracy are quantitatively examined. The proposed power prediction algorithm is general and then can be equally applicable to different lithium-ion batteries and cell chemistries where proper mathematical models exist.
The present study focuses on dynamic thermal-hydraulic modeling for the all-vanadium flow battery and investigations on the impact of stack flow patterns on battery performance. The inhomogeneity of flow rate distribution and reversible entropic heat are included in the thermal-hydraulic model. The electrolyte temperature in tanks is modeled with the finite element modeling (FEM) technique considering the possible non-uniform distribution of electrolyte temperature. Results show that the established model predicts electrolyte temperature accurately under various ambient temperatures and current densities. Significant temperature gradients exist in the battery system at extremely low flow rates, while the electrolyte temperature tends to be the same in different components under relatively high flow rates. Three stack flow patterns including flow without distribution channels and two cases of flow with distribution channels are compared to investigate their effects on battery performance. It is found that the flow rates are not uniformly distributed in cells especially when the stack is not well designed, while adding distribution channels alleviates the inhomogeneous phenomenon. By comparing the three flow patterns, it is found that the serpentine–parallel pattern is preferable and effectively controls the uniformity of flow rates, pressure drop and electrolyte temperature all at expected levels.
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnet is one of the most promising Li-ion solid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries, owing to its high chemical stability against Li metal and relatively high Li-ion conductivity. In order to further enhance the conductivity of LLZO, Gd3+ is used to dope LLZO at the Zr4+ site, in order to enable excess Li to occupy the octahedral sites, which could facilitate Li-ion transport and increase ionic conductivity. In this study, Li7+xLa3Zr2-xGdxO12 (LLZGO, x = 0–0.5) solid electrolytes with cubic phase and high relative densities are prepared at 1220 °C using a solid-state reaction method. It is found that LLZGO garnets with x from 0.1 to 0.2 deliver higher conductivities than pristine LLZO. Among these, the Li7.2La3Zr1.8Gd0.2O12 (LLZG2O) sample achieves the highest room-temperature total conductivity of 2.3 × 10−4 S cm−1. X-ray diffraction characterization confirms that LLZG2O is chemically stable against Li metal at room temperature for half a month. Cyclic voltammetry shows that LLZG2O possesses good electrochemical stability and reversibility of Li dissolution and deposition reactions. Symmetrical cells using a LLZG2O solid electrolyte and two Li metal electrodes are cycled galvanostatically under various current densities. The results demonstrate that the cell can achieve excellent cycling stability and low overpotentials for the dissolution and deposition reactions of Li. The substitution of Gd3+ for Zr4+ is effective in improving the Li-ion conductivity of LLZO, and Li7+xLa3Zr2-xGdxO12 could be promising as solid electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state Li-ion batteries.
In order to coordinate the scheduling problem between an isolated microgrid (IMG) and electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSSs) in multi-stakeholder scenarios, a new bi-level optimal scheduling model is proposed for promoting the participation of BSSs in regulating the IMG economic operation. In this model, the upper-level sub-problem is formulated to minimize the IMG net costs, while the lower-level aims to maximize the profits of the BSS under real-time pricing environments determined by demand responses in the upper-level decision. To solve the model, a hybrid algorithm, called JAYA-BBA, is put forward by combining a real/integer-coded JAYA algorithm and the branch and bound algorithm (BBA), in which the JAYA and BBA are respectively employed to address the upper- and lower- level sub-problems, and the bi-level model is eventually solved through alternate iterations between the two levels. The simulation results on a microgrid test system verify the effectiveness and superiority of the presented approach.
A new class of carbon nanomaterials has been discovered as metal-free catalysts to dramatically reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of fuel cells. This article highlights recent progresses in this emerging research area.
A team based at the Technical University in Dresden in Germany has produced a small-molecule organic light-emitting diode (SMOLED) that operates at as low a voltage as any polymer-based OLED.
This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between accelerated rehabilitation (AR) and non-accelerated rehabilitation (NR) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring autografts through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The present paper addresses the control and the power management of a hybrid system dedicated to an elevator application. In fact, the multi-source includes a photovoltaic generator as a main source supported by a battery-bank and a stack of super capacitors (SC). On the traction part, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used to carry the elevator box. The power supervising mission is performed via a neural network (NN) routine trained with a frequency based strategy (FBS). The main objective of the applied control routines is to manage effectively the splits of the load demand. Therefore, they can provide the required power amounts in both steady-state and transient state, respecting the dynamic behavior of each source. Obviously, a fuzzy logic MPPT method has been applied to the PV side to permanently track the maximum power point through an adequate tuning of a boost converter regardless of the solar irradiance variations. Whereas, the controller of the DC-DC bidirectional converters of the battery and SC stack is based on the direct lyapunov theory. To test the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, intensive numerical tests are done using MATLAB/Simulink Package. The obtained results prove the feasibility of the proposed approach, where the system switches smoothly between the operating modes.
High activity bifunctional non-noble electrocatalysts, targeting both ORR and OER, are rationally designed by integrating the merits of both NiFe2O4 quantum dots and carbons nanotubes (CNTs) (NiFe2O4(QDs)/CNTs), which possesses large specific surface area (584 m2 g−1), abundant NiFe2O4 quantum dots and superior conductivity. Specially, the mechanism for the formation of quantum dots in relation to Fe/Ni ratio and the corresponding activity of ORR and OER are studied carefully. Consequently, NiFe2O4(QDs)/CNTs exhibits superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activities with the lowest the potential difference (ΔE) of 0.9 V, outperforming well-known commercial Pt/C and IrO2, directly demonstrating the advantages of quantum dots catalysts on providing more effective actives sites and adsorption-desorption sites to promote oxygen reaction kinetics. NiFe2O4(QDs)/CNTs, as high-performance catalyst used in liquid and flexible metal-air batteries, realize high power density, high specific capacity, long-term rechargeability (over 800 h), and extremely low charge-discharge voltage gaps (only 0.62 V) in ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, the metal-air batteries with flexible configuration effectively prevent the migration of Zn2+/Mg2+, the production of carbonate and the hydrogen evolution reaction. Density functional theory calculations further illustrate that the NiFe2O4(QDs) on CNT has a very active ORR and OER site at the interface Ni site. The work offers prospects for the rational design of quantum dots containing composites to achieve their practicalities in next generation of metal-air batteries.
Carbon quantum dots derived from the chemical oxidation of D-(+)-glucose have been efficiently synthesized in good yield using a simple and economically viable approach. Carbon quantum dots possess a quasi-spherical structure with facile storage and transport channels for lithium and sodium-ions. When applied as an anode for the lithium-ion battery, the as-prepared quantum dots demonstrate a superior and stable cycling performance after 500 cycles (864.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C) with capacity retention of 91.6%, and a good rate performance (340.2 mAh g−1 at 20 C). As a sodium-ion battery anode, the quantum dots present a specific capacity of 323.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and capacity retention of 72.4% after 500 charge/discharge cycles, indicating an excellent cycling stability. A relatively moderate rate performance of 123.6 mAh g−1 is achieved at the 20 C rate. This study demonstrates the use of individual quantum dots as a potential electrode material for lithium-ion, and sodium-ion battery applications, and it will definitely result in the fabrication of new composite materials in the energy-storage field. The extreme downsizing to the quantum regime has led to the achievement of utmost properties that have been prescribed to the quantum effects, efficient ion diffusion, and the charge transfer.
Purpose The current preliminary study was based on the principles of positive psychology orientation when examining the multidimensional construct of quality of life (QOL): the physical functioning, psychological functioning, functional state, and social functioning among parents of children with epilepsy. We assessed the contribution of loneliness and personal resources, namely optimism and flexibility, to parents' QOL. Method The study was conducted at a multidisciplinary center for epilepsy in a central hospital in Israel. Forty-eight parents agreed to participate in a preliminary research study and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results Significant negative correlations were found between flexibility and the scores on the four components of QOL (higher scores on the QOL scales indicated lower QOL). Optimism was not found to be associated with the scores on QOL. High levels of loneliness were found to be associated with higher scores on the four components of parents' QOL. Among sociodemographic variables, only the economic situation (due to illness) was linked negatively to the scores on QOL components. Flexibility and economic situation were the significant variables that accounted for the explained variance of total QOL. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the importance of flexibility in effectively managing the stressors that might be associated with childhood epilepsy. These results suggest that psychosocial intervention providing coping strategies for the family might improve QOL. Moreover, a parent's economic situation seems to be an essential part of the psychosocial assessment, and assurance of the optimal utilization of financial rights and facilities may improve their QOL.
In this paper we analyze the non-instrumental dimension of social capital and its effects on subjective well-being. In the first part, we define the characteristics of production and consumption of relational goods. The second section analyses the influence of the different expressions of relational goods and social capital on individual subjective well-being. In the third, we test the explanatory power of this variable on the Easterlin’s paradox using the results of a survey on individual social capital in Spain. The main findings from the empirical analysis for Spanish society allow us to strengthen the hypothesis. We found a weak explanatory capacity of income or educational level or instrumental dimensions of social capital (expert mobilization) while a strong link between expressions of relational goods (domestic mobilization, household stability, partnership, trust and security in the environment) was found.
In a high wind penetration scenario in electricity production, the availability of models for synthetically generating hourly wind speed data becomes increasingly important for both sizing and modeling integrated renewable systems. A methodology for generating hourly wind speed time series is presented in this paper, adopting a physical-statistical approach based on some known aggregate input data. The proposed approach, developed in a previous study by the same authors, has been here improved using a new diurnal wind speed profile function. The improved methodology is first described and validated through experimental wind speed data, comparing the results with those obtained using the basic model. Then, hourly wind speeds generated with the improved methodology are used as input data for the optimal design of grid-connected and off-grid wind power plants. For each configuration, the influence of the diurnal wind speed profile and wind regime on system sizing and its economic parameters has been evaluated. Results have shown that the diurnal variation of wind speed does not affect the size of wind turbine, but strongly influences the storage capacity of off-grid wind power plants.
A nanocomposite comprised of conductive poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)PEDOT chains interleaved between the layers of crystalline V2O5 powder has been synthesized by direct in situ oxidation. The interlayer spacing of V2O5 expands from 4.32 to 13.84Å and this interlayer separation is consistent with the existence of a monolayer of PEDOT in the V2O5 framework. The nanocomposite is coupled with a large-area Li foil counter electrode and a Li wire reference electrode in 1M LiClO4 in a mixture of ethylene and dimethylcorbonate (50/50 by volume), the discharge capacity is ≥300mAhg−1 which is larger than that of pristine V2O5. The significant difference in capacity is explained on the basis of lithium ions insertion/de-insertion between the layers of V2O5.
This paper details the failure analysis of swelling in prismatic lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) after undergoing several charge–recharge cycles subsequent to long-term storage. The methods of analysis are nondestructive and mainly involve the use of computed tomography (CT) and cell disassembly. Two situations are compared. The first cell is examined after long-term storage, in which case a void space, presumably a gas bubble, is observed around the Ni tap in the cell, and traces of side reactants are found around the center of the anode electrode. This cell is compared with a swollen cell examined after undergoing several cycles after long-term storage, in which, according to the CT results before and after gas removal, gas is detected inside the jelly roll and inside the space between the can body and the jelly roll. Moreover, side reactants are identified near the center of the anode electrode, causing the color of the anode electrode to become irregular. The results show the gas bubbles and side reactants generated as a result of long-term storage are determined to be responsible for the swelling in the cell due to prolonged cycling.
An influential stream of happiness literature has demonstrated that increased income did not raise individual happiness. Focusing on the case of Chinese society, this research aims to provide some preliminary accounts for the paradoxical observation that economic miracle in the country was not accompanied by more happiness. To this objective, our analysis starts with an investigation of the determinants of happiness in China, where a series of variables, measured both at individual and contextual levels, is incorporated to see the extent to which they explain the variance of personal happiness. Based on the findings derived from the multilevel statistical modeling, the research then moved forward to explore whether they have a clue for the happiness-income paradox in China. In particular, the research finds that social comparison and hedonic adaptation could be potential reasons for the happiness-income paradox in China. Furthermore, the empirical analysis provides novel clues on the ‘China puzzle’ by identifying the potential role of the adverse trends in other variables beyond income, which involves expanding social capital deficit, growing social inequality, and work-life imbalance.
The preparation of coatings of manganese oxide and graphene nanoplatelets onto graphite paper by aqueous electrophoretic deposition is studied. This method is a fast and environmental friendly procedure for the manufacture of electrodes with enhanced specific capacitance for supercapacitors. The electrodes are prepared either sequentially, depositing consecutively the suspension of each material or simultaneously, from suspensions of mixtures of the two materials. Some of the electrodes show specific capacitances as high as 422 F g−1. The effects of (i) the electrophoretic deposition route chosen and (ii) the composition and load of the active electrode material deposited on the supercapacitor performance are studied. The symmetric supercapacitor cells show specific energy up to 9.2 W h kg−1 and specific power up to 1.8 kW kg−1 for 0.1 and 10 A g−1, respectively. The highest specific energy values are obtained in cells built with electrodes prepared by depositing first a layer of graphene nanoplatelets and then, manganese oxide.