batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Mechanical circulatory support in the form of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in children has undergone rapid growth in the last decade. With expansion of device options available for larger children and adolescents, the field of outpatient VAD support has flourished, with many programs unprepared for the clinical, programmatic, and administrative responsibilities. From preimplantation VAD evaluation and patient education to postimplant VAD management, the VAD program, staffed with an interdisciplinary team, is essential to providing safe, effective, and sustainable care for a new technology in an exceedingly complex patient population. Herein, this paper describes the Boston Children’s Hospital VAD experience over a decade and important lessons learned from developing a pediatric program focusing on a high-risk but low-volume population. We highlight the paramount role of the VAD coordinator, clinical infrastructure requirements, as well as innovation in care spanning inpatient and outpatient VAD supports at Boston Children’s Hospital.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is a promising high-voltage cathode for lithium-ion battery fast charging applications. Aware of its electrochemical stability issues, the material's surface is modified with small amounts of zirconia (ZrO2) ranging from 0.5 to 2 wt% using a scalable ball milling process. The advantage of the coating has been demonstrated in electrochemical measurements performed at room temperature and 55 °C, and in cells discharged under high-rate conditions up to 80C. Of significance, the material coated with 1.0 wt% ZrO2 has been cycled at the 40C rate for over a thousand cycles and retains 86% of its initial capacity. The material with 2.0 wt% ZrO2 modification preserves 76% of its initial capacity when cycled at the 40C rate and 55 °C. The coated materials have shown excellent cycling stability when subjected to 6C (10-min) fast charging and C/3 discharging for 300 cycles. Compared to the uncoated material, the interfacial resistance of the zirconia modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has been found to be much lower and does not significantly increase with increasing the coating amount. However, the electrochemical performances are still partly limited by both interfacial resistance at the beginning of charge and electrolyte diffusivity, particularly under higher rate cycling conditions. Overall, the strategy of ZrO2 surface modification applied to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 unveils the potential that the material could play in extreme fast charged electric vehicles.
At present, electrification and digitalization are two significant trends in the energy sector. Large-scale introduction of variable renewable energy sources, energy storage and power-electronics components, all based on direct current (DC), is fundamentally changing the electrical energy system of today that is based on alternating current (AC). This trend leads to a complex hybrid AC/DC power system with the extensive deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT) to keep the system stable and reliable. Photovoltaics (PV) is a technology that will play an essential role in local generation of clean electricity in expanding urban areas. To take full advantage of PV in the urban environment, PV technology must become intelligent. In this article, we identify, describe, and label a new research field that deals with intelligent PV and its application in components with multiple functionalities. We denote this field photovoltatronics. We review photovoltatronics research areas and introduce new directions for each area. Photovoltatronics brings together disciplines of energy and informatics. Since photons and electrons are carriers of both energy and information, photovoltatronics is the field that designs and delivers autonomous devices for electricity generation and information communication. It introduces a pathway from harvesting energy of photons (hν) to creating bits of information (01) through the energy of photo-generated electrons (eV). We show that ∼10 keV energy is at least needed for transceiving one bit of information in the energy-information chain of the photovoltatronics, while the ultimate efficiency of the chain can reach up to 33.4%. We show that the number of publications related to photovoltatronics is exponentially increasing and the publication rate of combined research areas has been doubled in the present decade and reached 3.4% as a clear sign of its emergence.
In order to mitigate the effects of global warming, companies are being compelled by governments, investors, and customers to control their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Similar to the European Union’s legislation on the airline industry, legislation is expected to require the electronics industry to assess their product’s carbon footprint before sale or use, as the electronics industry’s contribution to global GHG emissions is comparable to the airline industry’s contribution. Thus, it is necessary for members of the electronics industry to assess their current GHG emission rates and identify methods to reduce environmental impacts. Organizations use Carbon Footprint (CF) analysis methods to identify and quantify the GHG emissions associated with the life cycle stages of their product or services. This paper discusses the prevailing methods used by organizations to estimate the CF of their electronics products and identifies the challenges faced by the electronics industry when adopting these methods in an environment of decreasing product development cycles with complex and diffuse supply chains. We find that, as a result of the inconsistencies arising from the system boundary selection methods and databases, the use of outdated LCA approaches, and the lack of supplier’s emissions-related data, the CFs of electronic products are typically underestimated. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive approach to the carbon footprinting of electronic products that involves the use of product-group-oriented standards, hybrid life cycle assessment techniques, and the integration of CF into products’ supply chains. A case study on commercial- and military-grade DC–DC buck converters demonstrating the recommended approach is presented.
This work aims to study the impact of different models for the evaluation of the efficiency of a double axis PV tracking system on the monthly probability distribution function of the AC power. Two components of the global efficiency are analysed, that is: the effect of PV cells temperature on the module efficiency and the DC/AC converter efficiency. In particular, the temperature efficiency model combines basic parameters characterizing the array, with the local monthly average temperature and the monthly clearness index to yield a monthly average efficiency. The simulation results are compared with experimental data related to a 9.6kWp PV plant installed in ENEA research centre located in Portici, Naples (Italy). The tuning of the model is performed by both system measurements and environmental data.
Hierarchical cobalt metal flower-like microsphere (Co-FM) was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process, and its electrochemical hydrogen storage performance was investigated. The Co-FM was generated by the reduction of beta cobalt hydroxide [β-Co(OH)2] platelets in the presence of a mild reducing agent without the use of any template or surfactant. The obtained sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The XRD analysis reveals that this sample has a pure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM observations indicate that the synthesized particles are flower-like microspheres with an average diameter of ∼1.5μm, composed of individual Co metal platelets. The electrochemical hydrogen storage performance was investigated as the negative electrode for nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery in aqueous KOH solution. The electrochemical measurements demonstrated that this material showed better reversibility, higher hydrogen storage capacity, and higher rate dischargeability than the commercial Co metal powder with similar particle size (∼2μm) under atmospheric temperature and pressure. Its maximum discharge capacity was ∼360mAhg−1 and remained 300mAhg−1 even after 100 cycles, and the capacity retention rate was ∼83%. This significant electrochemical hydrogen storage performance can be attributed to its hierarchical architecture, which leads to increasing the surface area, reducing the diffusion pathway, and buffering the volume change during cycling.
The effect of nano-sized silica and γ-LiAlO2 on the electrochemical and interfacial properties of P(EO)20LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2–10wt.% filler polymer electrolytes has been studied using linear sweep voltammetry, ac impedance and galvanostatic stripping/deposition on symmetric non-blocking cells. Non-symmetric cells were used to investigate the electrochemical stability window. The limiting current density of the P(EO)20LiBETI polymer electrolytes at 90°C was found to decrease with the addition of nano-sized filler. The presence of silica caused higher interface resistance during storage in open circuit at 90°C. For the galvanostatic Li stripping/deposition at 0.2mA/cm2 at 90°C, the silica containing electrolyte showed the highest initial overvoltage due to the high interface resistance. These results suggest that the presence of nano-size silica in solvent-free P(EO)20LiBETI polymer electrolytes results in no substantial improvement on the electrochemical and interfacial properties of the electrolytes at 90°C.
This work investigates the characterization and performance of polyaniline and silica modified Nafion membranes. The aniline monomers are synthesized in situ to form a polyaniline film, whilst silica is embedded into the Nafion matrix by the polycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate. The physicochemical properties are studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques and show that the polyaniline layer is formed on the Nafion surface and improves the structural properties of Nafion in methanol solution. Nafion loses its crystallinity once exposed to water and ethanol, whilst the polyaniline modification allows crystallinity to be maintained under similar conditions. By contrast, the proton conductivities of polyaniline modified membranes are 3–5-fold lower than that of Nafion. On a positive note, methanol crossover is reduced by over two orders of magnitude, as verified by crossover limiting current analysis. The polyaniline modification allows the membrane to become less hydrophilic, which explains the lower proton conductivity. No major advantages are observed by embedding silica into the Nafion matrix. The performance of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using commercial catalysts and polyaniline modified membranes in a cell gives a peak power of 8mWcm−2 at 20°C with 2M methanol and air feeding. This performance correlates to half that of MEAs using Nafion, though the membrane modification leads to a robust material that may allow operation at high methanol concentration.
Samples of MnO2 incorporated into active electrodes structure of the disassembled car batteries were prepared by classical melt-quenching method. The effect of MnO2 concentration on host network were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, InfraRed (IR), UltraViolet-Visible (UV–Vis), Photoluminescence (PL) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, measurements of Cyclic Voltammetry (VC). X-ray diffractograms show the presence of the metallic lead in the cubic structure and small amounts of PbO2 crystalline phase with the orthorhombic structure in the metallic samples. Combining all of the outputs from different characterizations, we can conclude that the amount of MnO2 incorporated into structure of the recycled active electrodes has effect on the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms that determines the role of MnO2 as a modifier/network former. At lower MnO2 contents, the doping breaks PbOPb bonds producing the formation of [MnO6] structural units in which the Mn+2 ions are in octahedral symmetry, gap energy value increases and the effect of luminescence is quenched. At higher MnO2 content, MnO2 plays a network former role, joins the vitroceramic network as [MnO4] and [MnO6] structural units and the PL intensity increases. The sample doped with small MnO2 content (x = 5mol%) used as working electrode in the measurements of cyclic voltammetry shows a good reversibility of the voltammogram, also improved the electrochemical properties, namely an increased stability in acidic electrolyte environments and offers an alternative for obtaining of electrodes for rechargeable batteries.
The article provides a comparison of two intellectual accounts of experiences in the First World War—From the Letters of an Artillery Ensign (1918) by the Russian philosopher and writer Fjodor Stepun and The Storm of Steel by the German essayist Ernst Jünger. The aim of this article is to reveal similarities and differences between the “optics” of Jünger and Stepun who are reporting one and the same event but deal with two different images of the Great War.
Vapour grown carbon nanofibres (VGCNFs) produced at industrial scale were subjected to different treatments in N2, air and CO2 atmospheres. The effect of these treatments on the homogeneity of the industrial product was investigated by means of TG analysis. Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) experiments were performed to obtain DTG profiles. The DTG curves were deconvoluted into a mixture of Gaussian–Lorentzian curves, so that the contribution of each peak could be evaluated and assigned to phases of different reactivity. It was found that treatments in air are more selective in removing the most reactive phase (which has a higher content of amorphous carbon) at low burn-off, while at an elevated burn-off degree CO2 treatments result in a greater enrichment of the product in the less reactive phase (which has a higher content of fibre). This behaviour is attributed to the presence of a certain amount of iron in the industrially produced materials and its catalytic effect on the oxidative reactions. The effect of the treatments on the porous texture, surface chemistry and graphite-like character of the samples was also investigated.
This paper reports the effects of introducing oxygen into amorphous silicon films on their anode properties in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Although poor cycling performance is a critical issue in silicon anodes, it has been effectively improved by introducing even a small amount of oxygen, that is, even in Si-rich amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiO x ) films. Because of the small amount of oxygen in the films, high cycling performance has been achieved without lowering the capacity and power density: an a-Si film delivers discharge capacity of 2500 mAh g−1 under high discharge current density of 10 mA cm−2 (35 C). These results demonstrate that a-SiO x is a promising candidate for high-capacity anode materials in solid-state batteries.
Bimetallic metal sulfides have been intensely studied as electrode materials for energy storage. However, the synthesis methods are often multi-step. Herein, we proposed a simple one-step electrodeposition of nickel cobalt sulfide nanosheets on 3D Ni nanowires film. The as-synthesized Ni@Ni–Co–S was directly employed as electrode for supercapacitor. Taking advantages of 3D conductive nanostructure for Ni substrate and mesoporous nanosheets nature for active material Ni–Co–S, the as-fabricated electrode exhibits a high capacity of 392.8 C cm−3 at 0.5 A cm−3 and excellent rate capability. A hybrid supercapacitor based on Ni@Ni–Co–S positive electrode and rGO-CNTs negative electrode was fabricated for practical supercapacitor application. Our device demonstrated a high energy density of 18.4 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 254.5 mW cm−3 and excellent long term cycle performance with 90.5% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles.
The genome of Schizophyllum commune encodes a diverse repertoire of degradative enzymes for plant cell wall breakdown. Recent comparative genomics study suggests that this wood decayer likely has a mode of biodegradation distinct from the well-established white-rot/brown-rot models. However, much about the extracellular enzyme system secreted by S. commune during lignocellulose deconstruction remains unknown and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, extracellular proteins of S. commune colonizing Jerusalem artichoke stalk were analyzed and compared with those of two white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and a brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum.
Highly crystalline platinum nanoclusters, prepared by the pulse electrochemical deposition (PED) method, onto graphene sheets, served as a catalyst electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell was investigated. The ratio of current-on to current-off time appears to be a crucial factor in affecting the surface density and the crystalline structure of Pt clusters. The linear relation between Pt loading and current-off time confirms that ionic diffusion acts as a rate-determining step in the PED process. The electrochemical performance of Pt catalyst electrodes was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the single cell test at 30–75°C. The ratio of Pt (111) plane in the cluster showed a positive effect on the improvement of equivalent series resistance and power density. The single cell equipped with the Pt catalyst electrode delivered the lowest inner resistance of 1.07Ω and the highest power density of 1.48kWg−1.
Electrochemical behaviors of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 were examined in non-aqueous lithium cells and lithium-ion cells with Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 at 30, 55, 75, and 95°C. Li/LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cells showed rechargeable capacity of 205mAhg−1 at 30°C, 210mAhg−1 at 55°C, and 225mAhg−1 at 75°C in voltages of 2.5–4.6V. Results on rate-capability tests at 55°C indicated that LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was capable to deliver 160mAhg−1 of capacity even at 4000mAg−1 while high-rate charge was very hard due to electrical shortage derived from lithium metal deposition. Lithium-ion cells of Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 and LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 could operate with rechargeable capacity of 150mAhg−1 at 1600mAg−1 without any electrical shortage during charge and discharge at 55°C. One-hundred cycle test of the lithium-ion cell with variation of temperature 55, 75, and 95°C, in voltages of 1.00–3.05V was also examined and shown that LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 was the most promising positive-electrode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
In this study, a porous manganous oxide/graphene aerogel (MnO/GA) is synthesized via a facile sol-gel method used for the anode material of lithium-ion capacitor (LIC). The crystal and morphology characterizations confirm that the MnO nanocrystal grows directly on the graphene sheets of the three-dimensional graphene aerogel (GA) matrix. In a half-cell, the MnO/GA electrode loaded with 2.9 wt% MnO exhibits high specific capacity of 630 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. The electrochemical results show that the MnO nanocrystals loaded on the GA can enlarge the average pore size and improve the specific capacity. In addition, the porous GA matrix cannot only facilitate capacitive storage of Li+ ions but also accommodate the volume variation of MnO during conversion process. The assembled LICs using the pre-lithiated MnO/GA anode and lithium iron phosphate cathode deliver high energy densities of 194 and 93 Wh·kg−1 at power densities of 300 and 3600 W kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, the LICs exhibit superior cycling stability after 1000 cycles, with high energy density of 101 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 300 W kg−1.
We evaluated the vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in the forearm flexor muscle of women with distal radius fracture. High VDR expression was associated with low appendicular lean mass index.
Openair-Plasma technology developed by Plasmatreat and used worldwide is a dry, chemical-free pretreatment process which, when applied to material surfaces, not only creates optimal adhesive characteristics in seconds, it also ensures that high-quality finishes are achieved with water-based paints. The environmentally friendly process needs nothing other than compressed air as the process gas and electrical energy.
To enhance the thermal stability of graphite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, 4-isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP) was investigated as an additive in the electrolyte of 1.0 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (1:1 in weight). The electrochemical performance of Li/IPPP-electrolyte/C half cells was evaluated. The thermal behavior of LixC6 and LixC6-IPPP-electrolytes were examined using a C80 micro-calorimeter. Electrolytes with 5 and 10% IPPP improve the thermal stability of the graphite electrode in the tests. The electrochemical performance of Li/IPPP-electrolyte/C cells is not degraded by the addition of this amount of IPPP to the electrolyte.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is developing a lithium-ion secondary battery for deep space missions. Lithium-ion secondary battery was first used for the interplanetary spacecraft, Hayabusa. With a view to future long-term operations on the moon and interplanetary travel, the in-orbit performance of the lithium-ion battery of Hayabusa was examined. The battery cells maintained a constant performance over 2.7 years of operation as Hayabusa travelled to the asteroid Itokawa. To maintain cell conditions. The state of charge was fixed by using a balance circuit. The cell voltages differed by less than 60mV during the operation, which is within the error expected based on the circuit design and the telemetry conditions.
The charging and discharge behavior of an electrically rechargeable alkaline Zn–air battery consisting of a porous Zn/ZnO electrode on the negative side and a porous O2 electrode on the positive side has been investigated. Galvanostatic experiments have been performed and a one-dimensional numerical model has been developed to analyze these experimental data. The cell voltages, the Zn electrode potentials versus Zn reference, and the O2 electrode potentials versus Zn reference calculated with this model are in fairly good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The unwanted redistribution of Zn per cycle is predicted to decrease with increasing cycle number. The numerical model is expected to be useful when optimizing zinc cell designs for specific applications.