batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), a wide range of non-motor symptoms (NMS) are evident. We assessed markers of NMS and explored their behavioral correlates with the tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes. 110 non-demented patients with PD were evaluated and stratified into the PIGD and TD subtypes and, using stricter criteria, into predominant subgroups: p-PIGD (n = 31) and p-TD (n = 32). Non-motor signs that were assessed included cognitive function (pen and paper and a computerized battery), autonomic function (NMSQest and SCOPA-AUT), mood, and sleep. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the PDQ-39. The p-PIGD subgroup had a higher score on the NMSQest (p = 0.033) and a higher score (i.e., worse) on the PDQ-39 (p-PIGD: 26.28 ± 12.47; p-TD: 16.93 ± 12.22; p = 0.004), compared to the p-TD subgroup, while these measures did not differ in the larger PIGD and TD group. The p-PIGD subgroup used more sleep medications compared to the p-TD subgroup (1.0 ± 1.39 vs. 0.41 ± 0.94, p = 0.05, respectively). Most cognitive scores were similar in both subgroups; however, the visuospatial components of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the computerized catch game were significantly worse among the p-PIGD subgroup. Mild associations were found between certain non-motor symptoms, but not cognitive function, and the PIGD score. Non-demented patients from the PIGD subtype experience more non-motor symptoms and poorer quality of life compared to the TD subtype. These findings suggest that the clinical management of non-motor and motor symptoms in patients with PD may be enhanced by a personalized approach.
Lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries are of great interest as a representative family of electrochemical energy storage systems because of their high theoretical volumetric capacity and considerable electronic conductivity. However, the main drawback of Se electrodes is the rapid capacity fading caused by the dissolution of polyselenides upon cycling. Here, we report a simple, economical, and effective method for the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon with a hollow tubular structure as a host matrix for loading Se and trapping polyselenides. The as-obtained porous tubular carbon shows a superior specific surface area of 1786 m2 g−1, a high pore volume of 0.79 cm3 g−1, and many nanostructured pores. Benefiting from the unique structural characteristics, the resulting hierarchical porous carbon/Se composite exhibits a high capacity of 515 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. More importantly, a remarkable cycling stability over 900 cycles at 2 C with a capacity fading rate of merely 0.02% per cycle can be achieved. The 3D hollow porous tubular carbon can be also used for other high-performance electrodes of electrochemical energy storage.
This paper outlines the establishment of a new and stable cell line, designated GBM-HSF, from a malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) removed from a 65-year-old Chinese woman. This cell line has been grown for 1 year without disruption and has been passaged over 50 times. The cells were adherently cultured in RPMI-1640 media with 10 % fetal bovine serum supplementation. Cells displayed spindle and polygonal morphology, and displayed multi-layered growth without evidence of contact inhibition. The cell line had a high growth rate with a doubling time of 51 h. The cells were able to grow without adhering to the culture plates, and 4.5 % of the total cells formed colonies in soft agar. The cell line has also been found to form tumors in nude mice and to be of a highly invasive nature. The cells were also partially characterized with RT-PCR. The RT-PCR revealed that Nestin, β-tubulin III, Map2, Klf4, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and CD26 were positively transcribed, whereas GFAP, Rex1, and CD133 were negatively transcribed in this cell line. These results suggest that the GBM-HSF cell line will provide a good model to study the properties of cancer stem cells and metastasis. It will also facilitate more detailed molecular and cellular studies of GBM cell division and pathology.
With a layered crystal structure and good Li+ storage performance, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is potentially a high-energy and cost-effective cathode material for Li-ion batteries (LiBs). Networks of two-dimensional V2O5 nanosheets (2D V2O5 NS), with large interlayer distance, are ideal for enhancing the Li+ diffusion kinetics and thus for building high power LiBs. However, the lack of a simple, scalable and environmentally friendly route to nanosheet production still hinders the development of V2O5 applications. Here we demonstrate, liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of commercial V2O5 powder in environmental friendly solvents (water and ethanol) to achieve large quantities of 2D V2O5 NS dispersions. The V2O5 NS are of high-quality whose interlayer spacing can be well manipulated, ranging from 4.4Å to 11.5Å in ethanol and water (forming NS xerogel), respectively. Ultrasonic aerosol printing of V2O5 NS xerogel/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) blended dispersions resulted in large-area, flexible, and binder-free hybrid electrodes, which showcase a high discharge capacity of 370mAhg−1 at 0.05C, high energy density (555Whkg−1) and power density (2175Wkg−1), etc. These properties can be attributed to the synergistic effects between the expanded hydrated NS and the conductive SWCNT matrix; the latter improves the reversible phase transition reactions of the NS, enhances the ion diffusion kinetics, maintains the electrode's mechanical integrity and provides electron transport pathways. The Li+ storage mechanism was investigated, suggesting the capacity was majorly contributed by the non-diffusion controlled process (pseudocapacitive). We believe the LPE/aerosol printing approach is environmentally green, general and scalable, and could be extended to other layered transitional metal oxides or dichalcogenides for fabrication of corresponding flexible, binder-free, conductive composites for energy storage systems.
Individual differences in intelligence (cognitive abilities) are a prominent aspect of human psychology, and play a substantial role in influencing important life outcomes. Their phenotypic structure—as described by the science of psychometrics—is well understood and well replicated. Approximately half of the variance in a broad range of cognitive abilities is accounted by a general cognitive factor (g), small proportions of cognitive variance are caused by separable broad domains of mental function, and the substantial remainder is caused by variance that is unique to highly specific cognitive skills. The heritability of g is substantial. It increases from a low value in early childhood of about 30%, to well over 50% in adulthood, which continues into old age. Despite this, there is still almost no replicated evidence concerning the individual genes, which have variants that contribute to intelligence differences. Here, we describe the human intelligence phenotype, summarise the evidence for its heritability, provide an overview of and comment on molecular genetic studies, and comment on future progress in the field.
In order to analyze the potential of amorphous Al-based alloys as anode materials for Li-ion batteries, the electrochemical performance of amorphous Al86Ni8La6 and Al86Ni8Y6 is investigated. Powders of these two alloys, produced via melt spinning and subsequent ball milling, were found to be amorphous. However, only minor Li-ion transfer is observed during the electrochemical cycling process. Etched samples show an improved electrochemical behavior. For annealed and thereby crystallized alloys a significantly enhanced Li-ion transfer was found compared to amorphous material. The crystallization is characterized by an electrochemically inactive and an electrochemically active part depending on the annealing temperature, and therewith on the degree of long range order. The available free volume in the amorphous materials is considered to be essential for supplying interstitial-like space as diffusion paths for additional Li-ions, because lattice site changes, as usual for diffusion in the crystalline state, are not preferential in the amorphous state. The density of the amorphous material measured by helium pycnometry was found to be just slightly lower compared with crystalline material.
Lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolytes show promise for enabling high-energy secondary battery chemistries and solving safety issues associated with conventional lithium batteries. Achieving the combination of high ionic conductivity and outstanding chemical stability in solid electrolytes is a grand challenge for the synthesis of solid electrolytes. Herein we report the design of aliovalent substitution of Li4SnS4 to achieve high conduction and excellent air stability based on the hard and soft acids and bases theory. The solid electrolyte of composition Li3.833Sn0.833As0.166S4 has a high ionic conductivity of 1.39 mS cm−1 at 25 °C. Considering the high Li+ transference number, this phase conducts Li+ as well as carbonate-based liquid electrolytes. This research also addresses the compatibility of the sulfide-based solid electrolytes through chemical passivation.
Promising composite (carbon-nanosilicon) anodic matrices are obtained for lithium batteries. Very small composite powders with a specified surface area are produced.
A combined theoretical/numerical/experimental program is outlined for extending the internal length gradient (ILG) approach to consider time lags, stochasticity, and multiphysics couplings. Through this extension, it is possible to discuss the interplay between deformation internal lengths (ILs) and ILs induced by thermal, diffusion, or electric field gradients. Size-dependent multiphysics stability diagrams are obtained, and size-dependent serrated stress–strain curves are interpreted through combined gradient-stochastic models. When differential equations are not available for describing material behavior, a Tsallis nonextensive thermodynamic formulation is employed to characterize statistical properties. A novel multiscale coarse-graining technique, the equation-free method (EFM), is suggested for bridging length scales, and the same is done for determining ILs through novel laboratory tests by employing specimens with fabricated gradient micro-/nanostructures. The extension of ILG framework to consider fractional derivatives and fractal media is explored. Three apparently different emerging research areas of current scientific/technological/biomedical interest are discussed: (i) plastic instabilities and size effects in nanocrystalline (NC)/ultrafine grain (UFG) and bulk metallic glass (BMG) materials; (ii) chemomechanical damage, electromechanical degradation, and photomechanical aging in energetic materials; (iii) brain tissue and neural cell modeling. Finally, a number of benchmark problems are considered in more detail. They include gradient chemoelasticity for Li-ion battery electrodes; gradient piezoelectric and flexoelectric materials; elimination of singularities from crack tips; derivation of size-dependent stability diagrams for shear banding in BMGs; modeling of serrated size-dependent stress–strain curves in micro-/nanopillars; description of serrations and multifractal patterns through Tsallis q-statistics; and an extension of gradient elasticity/plasticity models to include fractional derivatives and fractal media.
The purpose of this study was to access the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).
The shape of catalysts has been regarded as a crucial physical factor to determine its catalytic activity in various applications. However, very little is known about the catalyst shape-dependent activities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the cathode of Li–O2 battery. Hence, we synthesized Pt3Co nanocube (NC) for the comparison with Pt3Co nanoparticle (NP) by regulating the ratio of reducer (hexadecanediol; HDD) amount. Consequently, we could report on very high capacity (10,000mAh gcarbon −1), superb rate capability (3500mAh gcarbon −1 at 2000mA gcarbon −1) and high reversibility of Lithium–O2 batteries using Pt3Co NC catalysts. Particularly, the Pt3Co NCs catalyst exhibited a low OER potential of 3.1V, providing the highest round trip efficiency of ~86.5% at a current density of 200mA gcarbon −1, which is much superior to NPs catalyst.
This study investigates the possibility of using and developing hydrokinetic power to supply reliable, affordable and sustainable electricity to rural, remote and isolated loads in rural South Africa where reasonable water resource is available. Simulations are performed using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) and the results are compared to those from other supply options such as standalone Photovoltaic system (PV), wind, diesel generator (DG) and grid extension. Finally the paper points out some major challenges that are facing the development of this technology in South Africa.
Health technology assessment and healthcare decision-making are based on multiple criteria and evidence, and heterogeneous opinions of participating stakeholders. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) offers a potential framework to systematize this process and take different perspectives into account. The objectives of this study were to explore perspectives and preferences across German stakeholders when appraising healthcare interventions, using multi-criteria assessment of a heart pulmonary sensor as a case study.
Potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium bromide (KBr) tracers were used to explore the role of geologic structure on groundwater recharge and flow at the Fractured Rock Research Site in Floyd County, Virginia, USA. Tracer migration was monitored through soil, saprolite, and fractured crystalline bedrock for a period of 3 months with chemical, physical, and geophysical techniques. The tracers were applied at specific locations on the ground surface to directly test flow pathways in a shallow saprolite and deep fractured-rock aquifer. Tracer monitoring was accomplished with differential electrical resistivity, chemical sampling, and physical monitoring of water levels and spring discharge. KCl, applied at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L, traveled 160 m downgradient through the thrust fault aquifer to a spring outlet in 24 days. KBr, applied at a concentration of 5,000 mg/L, traveled 90 m downgradient through the saprolite aquifer in 19 days. Tracer breakthrough curves indicate diffuse flow through the saprolite aquifer and fracture flow through the crystalline thrust fault aquifer. Monitoring saline tracer migration through soil, saprolite, and fractured rock provided data on groundwater recharge that would not have been available using other traditional hydrologic methods. Travel times and flowpaths observed during this study support preferential groundwater recharge controlled by geologic structure.
The Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BYI-S; Beck et al. in Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment, 2001) was administered to 100 adolescents (12–17 years old) who experienced sexual abuse. An iterated principal-factor analysis found that the BYI-S represented two highly correlated (r = .53) factors corresponding to the Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions that Steer, Kumar, Beck, and Beck (J Psychopathol Behav Assess 27:123–131, 2005) found with child psychiatric outpatients. Item analyses were used to derive two six-item subscales measuring Self-Esteem and Competency that had coefficient αs > .80. The Self-Concept total and subscale scores were differentially correlated with various psychosocial characteristics of the youth. Low Self-Esteem scores were associated with total number of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported anger, whereas low Competency scores were related to externalizing behavior problems. The BYI-S was discussed as being a useful instrument for assessing the self-concepts of youth who have experienced sexual abuse.
Atmospheric humidity, an abundant source of water, is widely considered as a redundant resource demanding expense of energy to maintain it under comfortable levels for human habitation. Until now, there have only been a few attempts to harness humidity for applications such as water collection and hygro-induced movements. Herein, we report an unprecedented moisture scavenging gel that is capable of absorbing around 230% of its weight with water from humid atmospheres. Additionally, the gel has humidity-triggered changes in optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties that can be exploited for a wide range of applications such as thermo-hygroscopic windows, infrared radiation (IR) blocking windscreen, and construction of an electrochemical cell for energy harvesting. Integration of a thermo-hygroscopic window and IR blocking windscreen leads to extensive energy savings in buildings. Furthermore, the applicability of the gel as a conducting medium in flexible electronic substrates enables reusability of printed circuit boards, mitigating the volume of solid electronic wastes and the energy required for their disposal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at harnessing ambient humidity as a sustainable resource for energy conservation and harvesting.
To compound with conductive agents is the common strategy to address the low electric conductivity of redox conversion type anode materials; however, it brings on the complex techniques and thus increases the practical cost. This paper reports a less efficiency-cost method through partial element substitution which can significantly enhance the electric conductivity of the host materials. Specifically, partial Ni substitution into MnCO3 with different x values, corresponding to Ni x Mn1-x CO3 porous submicrospheres (x = 0, 0.2, 0.25, 0.33), were fabricated through one-pot solvothermal route and tested as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The substitution of Ni in the composites mainly serves as the following objectives: increasing the electric conductivity and improving the structural integrity. By comparison, the Ni x Mn1-x CO3 sample at x = 0.25 value shows the optimal electrochemical behaviors: it delivers specific capacities of 709 mAh g−1 for 500th cycle at a high rate of 1.0 A g−1, and 549 mAh g−1 for 1000th cycle at 2.0 A g−1; more impressively, it also shows an excellent rate performance, exhibiting a 509 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 during the rate capability testing. These results demonstrated a cost-efficient way to ameliorate conversion-type negative electrode materials with high capacity and long life-span in LIBs.
New system of optical soliton signal generation with a high frequency band is presented. Microring resonator can be used to generate soliton signals with high frequency of GHz. These signals can be transmitted via a wireless network system known as WiMAX, which is providing broadband wireless access up to 50 km. The soliton pulses are more stable with less loss during propagation which is good candidate compare to other current optical waves used in optical communication. In this study, soliton pulses with full width at half maximum of 3 MHz and FSR of 85 MHz could be generated using an add/drop filter system which is used to generate high frequency signals, required for wireless network systems. These pulses can be used as carrier signals in order to transmit information codes without significant changes, thus improving transmission quality and delivery of the right information.
Mesoporous nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal and soft-templating method through quasi-reverse-micelle mechanism. The physicochemical properties of the NiCo2O4 materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and nitrogen sorption isotherms measurements. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo2O4 electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The obtained NiCo2O4 materials exhibit typical mesoporous structures, with an average particle size of about 200 nm, a specific surface area of 88.63 m2 g−1, and a total pore volume of 0.337 cm3 g−1. The facile electrolytes penetration for the mesoporous structures favors high-performance of the NiCo2O4 electrode. The NiCo2O4 electrode shows a high specific capacitance (591 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), high-rate capability (248 F g−1 at 20 A g−1), and a good cycling behavior for tested 3,000 cycles, indicating a promising application for electrochemical capacitors.
An aluminum–sulfur battery comprised of a composite sulfur cathode, aluminum anode and an ionic liquid electrolyte of AlCl3/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is described. The electrochemical reduction of elemental sulfur has been studied in different molar ratios of the electrolyte, and aluminum tetrachloride ions have been identified at the electroactive ionic species. The Al/S battery exhibits a discharge voltage plateau of 1.1–1.2 V, with extremely high charge storage capacity of more than 1500 mAh g−1, relative to the mass of sulfur in the cathode. The energy density of the Al/S cell is estimated to be 1700 Wh kg−1 sulfur, which is competitive with the most attractive battery chemistries targeted for high-energy electrochemical storage. Characterization by means of SEM, XRD and XPS of the battery components reveal complete dissolution of sulfur-based discharge products to the electrolyte. The low cost, natural abundance and high volumetric energy density of both anode and cathode materials define a research path for new materials and cell designs for next-generation Al/S battery systems.
Rechargeable aqueous battery is very attractive as a promising alternative energy storage system, based on its safety and environmental-friendly properties. An aqueous rechargeable Na-Zn hybrid battery is assembled by using Prussian blue nanocubes and metallic zinc as cathode and anode, respectively. This Na-Zn cell delivers a high specific capacity of 73.5 mA h g−1 and a good cycling stability (ca. 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 300 mA g−1) due to the impressive structure stability of Prussian blue nanocubes. These remarkable features are realized by a simple synthetic method and a feasible battery manufacturing process, which can provide guidance for the development of rechargeable batteries in a large scale.