batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) results in significant physical, psycho-social and socioeconomic burden. Identifying efficient and reliable patient reported outcome measures is critical for research and clinical purposes. The NIH’s Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments have not been compared to validated “legacy” instruments in older adults with cLBP. This study evaluates construct (convergent and discriminant) validity and time to complete (TTC) PROMIS as compared to legacy instruments.
Over-lithiated layered Li2+x Ru1−xCo x O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5) cathodes were synthesized through a solid-state reaction, which exhibits a superlattice structure. We investigated the effects of aliovalent Co3+ doping with excess lithium on the structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li2RuO3 cathodes. X-ray diffraction suggests the formation of a solid-solution where Co3+ occupies the Ru4+ sites in the transition metal layer while maintaining the layered Li2RuO3 structure. The electrochemical results indicate an enhanced electrochemical lithium reversibility of the cathodes at high C-rates (1C) than the pristine Li2RuO3. In particular, the high-performance Li2.1Ru0.9Co0.1O3 cathode delivered an initial capacity of 250 mAh g−1 with an enhanced Li+ extraction of 0.66 mol (52% capacity retention) after 100 cycles at 1C compared to the 0.28 mol of Li+ extraction (21% capacity retention) associated with the pristine Li2RuO3. Low content of Co3+ could realize an enhanced reversible Li+ extraction that originated from the improved reversible anionic redox chemistry, cation ordering with superlattice structure, and facile charge transfer process. The role of Co3+ content on the lithium reversibility of over-lithiated layered cathodes, containing excess lithium were investigated.
Electrodes containing the cathode material Li[Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33]O2 (NCM) were recycled in order to test a newly developed recycling concept which is aiming towards commercial application. For this purpose, cathodes from electrode production rejects and from spent lithium-ion battery cells were removed from the current collector using a cutting mill. The active material was dissolved in sulphuric acid and separated from the binder and the carbonaceous conductive additive. The gained solutions, containing the dissolved active cathode material, were analyzed using ICP-OES and synthetically remerged matching to these solutions. New cathode material was synthesized from remerged solutions in a bigger scale using an industrial process. The recycled materials and thus the prepared solutions exhibited different aluminum impurities (stemming from the current collector) which had an impact on the forming of secondary particles during re-synthesis. The electrochemical performance of the recycled materials was influenced by the detected impurities.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polysulfone (PVDF/PSF) blend microporous matrix of polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery is prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Because of only one parameter, i.e., the PSF/PVDF weight ratio, the membrane microstructure is conveniently controlled. The membrane formation mechanism of PVDF/PSF blend membranes is proposed with the assistance of a binary PSF/PVDF weight ratio-temperature phase diagram. In addition to studying the microstructure and mechanical properties of PVDF/PSF blend membrane, the relationship between properties of membrane, electrochemical performances of corresponding polymer electrolyte and membrane microstructure are also discussed in this paper. It is found that the addition of PSF not only increases ionic conductivity and electrochemical stable window of polymer electrolyte, but also markedly enhances charge–discharge performances of coin cell. The results reveal that PVDF/PSF blend microporous membranes prepared via TIPS technique can be used as polymer matrices of polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries.
A non-aqueous approach was developed to synthesize iron phosphate cathode materials by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Deposition of iron phosphate thin films was achieved on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) by combining ALD subcycles of Fe2O3 (ferrocene-ozone) and PO x (trimethyl phosphate-water) at 200 – 350°C. The thickness of iron phosphate thin films depends linearly on the ALD cycle, indicating their self-limiting growth behavior. The growth per cycle of iron phosphate thin films was determined to be ∼ 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.5Å, at 200, 250, 300, and 350°C, respectively. Characterization by SEM, TEM, and HRTEM techniques revealed uniform and conformal coating of amorphous iron phosphates on the surface of NCNTs. XANES analysis confirmed FeOP bonding in the iron phosphates prepared by ALD. Furthermore, electrochemical measurement verified the high electrochemical activity of the amorphous iron phosphate as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries. It is expected that the amorphous iron phosphate prepared by this facile and cost-effective ALD approach will find applications in the next generation of lithium-ion batteries and thin film batteries as either cathode materials or surface coating materials.
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT) and involves a complex web of pathogenic mechanisms. Mutant HTT (mHTT) disrupts transcription, interferes with immune and mitochondrial function, and is aberrantly modified post-translationally. Evidence suggests that the mHTT RNA is toxic, and at the DNA level, somatic CAG repeat expansion in vulnerable cells influences the disease course. Genome-wide association studies have identified DNA repair pathways as modifiers of somatic instability and disease course in HD and other repeat expansion diseases. In animal models of HD, nucleocytoplasmic transport is disrupted and its restoration is neuroprotective. Novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma biomarkers are among the earliest detectable changes in individuals with premanifest HD and have the sensitivity to detect therapeutic benefit. Therapeutically, the first human trial of an HTT-lowering antisense oligonucleotide successfully, and safely, reduced the CSF concentration of mHTT in individuals with HD. A larger trial, powered to detect clinical efficacy, is underway, along with trials of other HTT-lowering approaches. In this Review, we discuss new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of HD and future therapeutic strategies, including the modulation of DNA repair and targeting the DNA mutation itself.
Local structure and electrical conductivity of semiconducting 20BaO·10Fe2O3·x MnO2·(70 − x)V2O5 glass (x = 0 − 30), abbreviated as xBFMV, were investigated by means of 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and DC four-probe method. Mössbauer spectrum of these vanadate glasses consists of a doublet with an identical isomer shift (δ) of 0.38±0.01 mm s − 1, indicating that distorted FeO4 tetrahedra constitute the structural units with distorted VO4 tetrahedra and VO5 pyramids. Quadrupole splitting (Δ) gradually increases from 0.70±0.02 to 0.87±0.02 mm s − 1 with an increase in the MnO2 content, indicating an increased local distortion of FeIIIO4 tetrahedra. DTA study of these glasses showed a gradual increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) from 329±5 to 411±5°C, showing an improved thermal durability. ‘Tg vs. Δ plot’ yielded a straight line with a large slope of 707°C(K)/mm s − 1, proving that FeIII played a role of network former (NWF). An isothermal annealing of 10BFMV glass at 500°C for 1000 min resulted in a marked increase in the electrical conductivity (σ) from (4.5±3.9) × 10 − 7 to (1.4±0.3) × 10 − 2 S cm − 1 and a decrease in the activation energy for the electrical conduction (Ea) from 0.33 ± 0.07 to 0.11±0.01 eV, while Δ of FeIII decreased from 0.76±0.02 to 0.49±0.02 mm s − 1. These results suggest that decrease in the distortion of FeIIIO4 tetrahedra involved with the structural relaxation causes an increase in the probability of electron hopping from VIV or VIII to VV.
Substitution across fuels is hard to study because traditional transport technologies are typically single-fuel. Using Swedish data, this study shows that fuel demand elasticities differ across fuels, and drivers exhibit high preference for fossil fuels, hindering the take-up of alternative fuels.
Anthropoid monkeys are subdivided into two large groups, the New World platyrrhine monkeys (callithricids and cebids) and the Old World catarrhine monkeys (macaques, baboons, guenons, and leaf-eating monkeys). Most taxa are poorly known from a neurobiological point of view, but many species are used for laboratory studies (in particular, some macaques and baboons [Macaca and Papio], the Patas monkey [Erythrocebus], and the Central and South American marmoset [Callthrix], owl [Aotus], squirrel [Saimiri], and capuchin [Cebus] monkeys). Aging is particularly well documented among these taxa from the long-tailed and rhesus macaques and from the squirrel monkey. The neurobiological basis of declining cortical function in primate aging remains to be defined. One possibility is that the structural integrity of the neocortex is compromised by frank neuronal degeneration, synaptic loss, or other morphologic alterations. The consensus emerging from recent studies, however, is that many cortical areas, including subdivisions of the hippocampal, prefrontal, motor, and sensory cortices known to participate critically in sensory integration and memory-related processes, are relatively resistant to cell death during normal aging in monkeys. In contrast, subcortical structures are more consistently affected in a manner that correlates with the severity of cognitive deficits. Importantly, recent ultrastructural and cellular analyses have demonstrated that subtle alterations involving the neuropil as well as restricted domains of the dendritic trees are likely to contribute massively, together with molecular changes in specific neurotransmitter receptor proteins, to the cognitive and memory deficits observed in aged anthropoid monkeys.
Objective This study assessed the relative magnitude of associations between IBS outcomes and different aspects of social relationships (social support, negative interactions). Method Subjects included 235 Rome III diagnosed IBS patients (M age=41yrs, F=78%) without comorbid GI disease. Subjects completed a testing battery that included the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Social Support or SS), Negative Interaction (NI) Scale, IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), IBS-QOL, BSI Depression, STAI Trait Anxiety, SOMS-7 (somatization), Perceived Stress Scale, and a medical comorbidity checklist. Results After controlling for demographic variables, both SS and NI were significantly correlated with all of the clinical variables (SS r's=.20 to .36; NI r's=.17 to .53, respectively; ps<.05) save for IBS symptom severity (IBS-SSS). NI, but not SS, was positively correlated with IBS-SSS. After performing r-to-z transformations on the correlation coefficients and then comparing z-scores, the correlation between perceived stress, and NI was significantly stronger than with SS. There was no significant difference between the strength of correlations between NI and SS for depression, somatization, trait anxiety, and IBSQOL. A hierarchical linear regression identified both SS and NI as significant predictors of IBS-QOL. Conclusions Different aspects of social relationships – support and negative interactions – are associated with multiple aspects of IBS experience (e.g. stress, QOL impairment). Negative social relationships marked by conflict and adverse exchanges are more consistently and strongly related to IBS outcomes than social support.
The realization of the full potential of Li metal batteries requires high-performance electrolytes. Here Z. Bao and colleagues develop low-concentration electrolytes with a single-solvent and single-salt formulation, offering promise for high-energy and long-cycling batteries.
The attribute of battery current excitation signal significantly influences the battery model parameter identification accuracy. However, currently the studies mainly focus on the selection of battery models and the improvement of algorithm, and overlook the influence of excitation signal. More importantly, the conventional excitation signals, which are unsuited to the processes that subjected to the nonlinear effects, can lead to poor estimation accuracy of model parameters. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel excitation signal design method called inverse repeat binary sequence (IRBS). The theoretical analysis shows that the antisymmetric characteristic of IRBS can overcome the adverse effects of the direct current component and even-order nonlinearities for parameter estimation. Then, the design parameters of the excitation signal are determined for real application by analysing the single-sided amplitude spectrum of the typical battery test loading profiles of electric vehicles, and model parameters are estimated by means of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the experimental results of different temperatures based on the LiNiMnCoO2 lithium-ion battery validate that IRBS is feasible, and has the higher accuracy than three commonly used excitation signal design methods.
Three patients with visual neglect were tested on their ability to detect target letters at ipsilesional and contralesional locations on a monitor, and at different locations within large shapes on the monitor. When patients were asked to detect targets within the entire monitor, they showed neglect for all the contralesional hemifield. In contrast when they were asked to detect targets within a particular object, they showed object-based neglect. In these two conditions the displays, the targets and the response were identical, with the only difference being the space that is represented for the task. These results show that the reference frame of visual neglect may be altered by task-instructions changing how a structured visual scene is represented, with neglect applying to the contralesional side of this represented space.
It is now almost 50 years since the first rechargeable lithium batteries, based on the reversible intercalation of lithium into layered structured titanium disulfide, were conceived. They were the precursor to the structurally related layered oxides that now dominate energy storage for electronics, the grid and vehicles.
Hopes have again been raised about developing a “hydrogen economy”, in which hydrogen could be expected to replace oil and natural gas for most uses, including transportation and heating. It is again being claimed that hydrogen will be a widely available, clean, safe fuel. This article argues that such expectations are almost certainly illusory. Hydrogen, like electricity, is not an energy resource but an energy carrier. It takes more energy to extract hydrogen from water than burning the hydrogen can ever provide. There are also inevitable losses in storage, transmission, and final mechanical or heating applications. The question then turns on the efficiency—and safety—of the entire chain of conversion, from the energy source (fossil, solar, or other) to the final use. Moreover, energy sources (preferably renewable, for the long term) can be used for the direct creation of electricity, which can be introduced into the existing grid without requiring a vast investment in a new hydrogen distribution system. In addition, a hydrogen-based system would be unacceptably dangerous. This report will present a detailed technical and economic analysis of the problems with the proposed hydrogen economy and the advantages of some alternatives, principally electricity-based. A hypothetical case of what would be required for a hydrogen filling station serving the general public is closely examined.
Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is considered to be a “zero strain material” that shows negligible stresses upon electrochemical cycling. Here we report on the stress evolution of this material for various voltages and lithiation/delithiation rates. The features in the stress signal are correlated to the coexistence of the two phases Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 as well as to structures that form during under- and overlithiation. The formation of the under- and overlithiated structures occurs as soon as the potential deviates from its signature plateau at 1.56 V vs. Li/Li+, where the two phases Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 coexist. In relaxation experiments time dependent phenomena in the under- and overlithiated states are investigated. Compared to other electrode materials, the stress level changes are moderate during operation at or close to the plateau voltage, but a large stress forms particularly for potentials below 1.0 V vs. Li/Li+. This high stress accumulation which would be an adverse effect of attempts to increase the capacity by further lithiation beyond the Li7Ti5O12 state is likely due to the formation of a lithium-rich phase that may compromise the reliability of this material at very low potentials.
A novel strategy for confined synthesis of graphene wrapped nano-sized LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 hybrid composite has been developed, including co-precipitation and solvothermal reactions. The LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 nanoparticles with a constrained diameter of 20 nm are homogeneously wrapped by a continuous interconnected graphene sheets. The mechanism and composite structure evolution during the process are carefully investigated and discussed. With the shortened Li+ diffusion paths and enhanced electron conductivity, the hybrid composite shows high discharge capacity and superior rate performance with the discharge capacities of 166 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and 90 mA h g−1 at 20 C. Excellent cycle stability is also demonstrated with only about 7.8% capacity decay after 500 cycles at 1 C.
The electrochemical behaviour of the complexation of cerium(IV) with EDTA and DTPA was studied using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disc electrode (RDE). The Ce(IV)–DTPA complex at various scan rates gave a linear correlation between the peak potential (Ep) and square root of scan rate, showing that the kinetics of the overall process was controlled by mass transport. However, when the EDTA ligand was added to the Ce(IV) there was no specific change to the potential peak, i.e. the Ce(IV)–EDTA complex has the same redox potential as the Ce(IV)/(III) couple. Kinetic parameters such as potential, limiting current, diffusion coefficients, transfer coefficient and rate constants were studied. The results from RDE experiments confirmed that the parameters measured by CV are similar under hydrodynamic conditions and can be used to determine the kinetic parameters of the redox couples. The use of DTPA as a ligand for complexation of Ce(IV) gaves more favourable results compared to the Ce–(EDTA) complex reported previously. The results of kinetic studies of Ce(IV)–DTPA complex shows promise as an electrolyte for redox flow battery.
Chronic social defeat stress induces loss of protein claudin-5, leading to abnormalities in blood vessel morphology, increased blood brain barrier permeability, infiltration of immune signals and depression-like behaviors.
Cobalt disulfide (CoS2) is a promising thermal battery electrode material for its superior thermal stability and discharge performance. However, the low natural resource and poor air stability restrict its application in thermal battery fabrication. In this work, carbon coated CoS2 composite was prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method with glucose as carbon source. During the growth of CoS2, the glucose molecules were in situ adsorbed and carbonized on the surface of the as-synthesized CoS2, and the resultant carbon coating provided improved electrical conductivity and discharge performances to the composite. The thermal battery cell, which was fabricated with such a composite cathode and with a Li-Si anode, can output a capacity of 235.8mAhg−1 and an energy density of 416.9Whkg−1 at a cut-off voltage of 1.7V. This carbon coated CoS2 composite also presented enhanced air stability. After being stored in dry air for 3 months, the composite can still provide a capacity of 232.4mAhg−1 to 1.7V, whereas the capacity of bare CoS2 stored with the same condition dropped from 202.4mAhg−1 to 189.7mAhg−1.
A hierarchical structure is proved to be important for the improvement of electrochemical performances of MnO2-based electrode materials used in supercapacitors. However, the rational design of materials’ structure and its real performance served as electrode materials are still facing challenges. Herein, hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers using ZIF-8 nanoparticles as pore templates are designed to provide one-dimensional hollow frameworks for the growth of ultrathin MnO2 nanosheets (referred as HPCNF/MnO2). The as-prepared HPCNF/MnO2 samples have a hierarchical coaxial core-shell structure, with HPCNFs as the core and MnO2 sheets as the shell. The novel nanostructure of this hybrid provides abundant electrochemical active sites for Faradic reactions and short diffusion channels for ions/electron transport. The utilization of HPCNF/MnO2 active material with such a structure can be significantly enhanced, especially at the high current density. When evaluated as electrode materials, HPCNF/MnO2 exhibits a specific capacitance of 269 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 (308 F g−1 for MnO2), a high capacitive retention of 98% even after 5000 cycles at 50 mV s−1 by cyclic voltammetry (86.7% capacitance retention at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles) and a rate capability of 58% from 0.5 to 10 A g−1. Especially at the current density of 10 A g−1, the specific capacitance of HPCNF/MnO2 has increased by 133% compared with that of non-porous carbon fiber/MnO2 composites, demonstrating a great superiority of hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers as frameworks to support pseudocapacitive materials.
Achieving high-power lithium-ion hybrid electrochemical capacitor (Li-HEC) through facile and low-cost synthesis procedures is still quite challenging. In this work, starting from daily used food additives, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (N-HPC) was prepared through facile pyrolysis of magnesium citrate and subsequent NH3 treatment, and carbon-coated Fe2O3 (Fe2O3@C) was synthesized by thermal decomposition of ferric citrate and following heat treatment in air, respectively. As-prepared N-HPC and Fe2O3@C were separately employed as cathode and anode materials to fabricate a high-power, which delivers a high energy density of 65Whkg−1 at 368Wkg−1, and 31Whkg−1 at a high power density of 9.2kWkg−1. And it remains 84.1% capacity over 1000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 1Ag−1.
By a simple wet ball-milling method, Li3VO4-coated LiMnPO4 samples were prepared successfully for the first time. The thin Li3VO4 coating layer with a three-dimensional Li+-ion transport path and high mobility of Li+-ion strongly adhered to the LiMnPO4 material reduces Mn dissolution and increases the Li+ flux through the surface of the LiMnPO4 itself by preventing formation of phases on the surface that would normally block Li+ as well as Li+-ion permeation into the surface of the LiMnPO4 electrode and therefore improve the rate capability as well as the cycling stability of LiMnPO4 materials. The electrochemical testing shows that the 5% Li3VO4-coated LiMnPO4 sample shows a clear voltage plateau in the charge curves and a much higher reversible capacity at different discharge rates compared with the pristine LiMnPO4. EIS results also show that the surface charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance of the Li3VO4-coated LiMnPO4 samples significantly decreased. The surface charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance for the pristine LiMnPO4 are 955.1Ω and 400.3Ω, respectively. While, for the 5% Li3VO4-coated LiMnPO4, the value are only 400.2Ω and 283.6Ω, respectively. The surface charge transfer resistance decreases more than half. All of the improved performance will be favorable for application of the LiMnPO4 in high-power lithium ion batteries.