batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Green communication is a new focus within the telecommunications industry, leading to various innovative ideas on how to optimize communication in order to achieve energy savings. While the majority of those ideas target the transport layer of communication systems, this paper takes a different approach and proposes an innovation for the application layer by introducing a novel concept in the mobile telecom service provisioning process: the swarm-oriented services. The presented proof-of-concept swarm-oriented mobile telecom service is called the Collaborative Downloading and its primary goal is to lower the mobile users’ overall energy consumption while they are downloading data. In order to enable this service, we designed the self-organizing market-based algorithm (SOMA), which combines swarm intelligence (i.e. self-organization) and market-based (i.e. auctions) mechanisms, while the proof-of-concept implementation is based on multi-agent technology. Analytical results show that the proposed Collaborative Downloading service saved up to 76% of energy in mobile device batteries when compared with the current mobile data download practice (in a scenario with 6 mobile users whose mobile devices support GPRS and Bluetooth networking technologies).
FTY720 (fingolimod), an FDA-approved drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has beneficial effects in the CNS that are not yet well understood, independent of its effects on immune cell trafficking. We show that FTY720 enters the nucleus, where it is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), and that nuclear FTY720-P binds and inhibits class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), enhancing specific histone acetylations. FTY720 is also phosphorylated in mice and accumulates in the brain, including the hippocampus, inhibits HDACs and enhances histone acetylation and gene expression programs associated with memory and learning, and rescues memory deficits independently of its immunosuppressive actions. Sphk2−/− mice have lower levels of hippocampal sphingosine-1-phosphate, an endogenous HDAC inhibitor, and reduced histone acetylation, and display deficits in spatial memory and impaired contextual fear extinction. Thus, sphingosine-1-phosphate and SphK2 play specific roles in memory functions and FTY720 may be a useful adjuvant therapy to facilitate extinction of aversive memories.
Driven by the limited global resources of lithium, magnesium metal batteries are considered as potential energy storage systems. The battery chemistry of magnesium metal anode, however, limits the selection of electrolytes, cathode materials and working temperature, making the realization of magnesium metal batteries complicated. Herein, we report the development of a new magnesium-insertion anode, magnesium stannide (Mg2Sn), and demonstrate reversible electrochemical Mg2+-extraction and insertion of Mg2Sn anode at 0.2 V versus Mg, delivering discharge capacity of 270 mAhg−1 in a half-cell with the electrolyte of PhMgCl/THF and enabling of room temperature magnesium-ion batteries with Mg2Sn anode combined with Mg-free oxide cathode and conventional-type electrolyte of Mg(TFSI)2/diglyme. The combination of Mg2Sn anode with various cathodes and electrolytes holds great promise for enabling room temperature magnesium-ion batteries.
Despite a wealth of studies in the field, longitudinal assessments of both the stability and predictive utility of individual differences in preschoolers’ understanding of the mind remain scarce. To address these gaps, we applied latent variable analyses to (a) experimental data gathered from a socially diverse sample (N =101, 60 boys and 41 girls) at 3 and 6 years of age and (b) transcript-based coding of children’s dyadic interactions with a best friend at age 6. Our results showed significant stability between latent factors of false belief understanding at ages 3 and 6 even with effects of verbal ability and inhibitory control controlled at both time points. In addition, false belief understanding at ages 3 and 6 showed both distal and proximal links with the frequency of children’s talk about mental states at age 6 even when their overall talk and their friends’ mental state talk were also controlled. We conclude that preschoolers’ false belief understanding both directly and indirectly supports children’s growing ability to discuss thoughts and feelings in their conversations with friends.
In his book “Die Geschichte von dem Zappel-Philipp,” the German psychiatrist Heinrich Hoffmann (1809–1894) offers a clinical vignette which raises the question of the description of a disobedient child or presenting hyperactivity symptoms. This article describes the historical context and the biographical aspects related to this interesting approach to describing a psychiatric syndrome to children and adults. It also underlines the importance of a global approach of ADHD that considers the familial environment and situational context of symptoms.
Organoboron-based anion trapping polymer electrolytes were synthesized through hydroboration or dehydrocoupling reaction between poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) oligomer (M n =400, 1200, 2000 and 4000) and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN). Obtained oligomers were added various lithium salts (LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiSO3CF3, LiCO2CF3 or LiBr) to analyze the ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number ( t L i + ). The ionic conductivity of the oligomer in the presence of LiN(CF3SO2)2 showed higher ionic conductivity than other systems, however, the t L i + was less than 0.3. When LiSO3CF3 or LiCO2CF3, was added high t L i + over 0.6 was obtained. Such difference in t L i + can be explained by HSAB principle. Since boron is a hard acid, soft (CF3SO2)2N− anion can not be trapped effectively. High ionic conductivity of 1.3×10−6 Scm−1 and high t L i + of 0.73 was obtained when PPO chain length was 2000. These values of facilely prepared polymer electrolytes are comparable to those of the PPOs having covalently bonded salt moieties on the chain ends.
A novel microwave sensor capable of remote detection of structural displacements is experimented as geotechnical instrument for static and dynamic testing of bridges. The sensor is based on an interferometric radar providing range imaging capability and sub-millimetric accuracy range displacement measurement. Dynamic monitoring calls for sampling rate high enough for transient analysis, while static monitoring requires long-term stability. The instrument has been designed in order to provide both these features. The results of a validation campaign on a railway bridge during the final test before going into service are reported.
In this paper, the properties of mixed titanium–niobium oxide Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO) annealed in air and vacuum as anode material for lithium-ion battery were investigated. The color of TNO annealed in vacuum (V-TNO) is dark blue while white for TNO annealed in air (A-TNO). Moreover, lattice parameters for V-TNO were confirmed to be slightly larger than those for A-TNO. Introduction of oxygen defect in V-TNO was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis also indicated that Ti4+ in V-TNO are partially reduced into Ti3+, due to the introduction of oxygen defect in V-TNO. Electronic conductivity at room temperature for uni-axially pressed V-TNO powder is estimated to be around 10−6−10−5 S cm−1, which is more than three digits higher than that for pressed A-TNO powder (= 10−9 S cm−1). The enhancement of intrinsic electronic conductivity of TNO greatly contributes for improving the rate performance. At low current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, both A-TNO and V-TNO showed reversible capacity around 250 mAh g−1 at potential range from 1.0 to 2.5 V vs. Li/Li+, while at higher current density of 10 mA cm−2, V-TNO maintained much higher discharge capacity of 150 mAh g−1 than that for TNO (= 50 mAh g−1).
Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) are promising candidates for the next generation high-energy rechargeable Li batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity (1672 mAh g−1) and energy density (2500 Wh kg−1). The commercialization of Li–S batteries is impeded by several key challenges at cathode side, e.g. the insulating nature of sulfur and discharged products (Li2S2 and Li2S), the solubility of long-chain polysulfides and volume variation of sulfur cathode upon cycling. Recently, the carbon-based derivatives from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged talent in their utilization as cathode hosts for Li–S batteries. They are not only highly conductive and porous to enable the acceleration of Li+/e− transfer and accommodation of volumetric expansion of sulfur cathode during cycling, but also enriched by controllable chemical active sites to enable the adsorption of polysulfides and promotion of their conversion reaction kinetics. In this review, based on the types of MOFs (e.g. ZIF-8, ZIF-67, Prussian blue, Al-MOF, MOF-5, Cu-MOF, Ni-MOF), the synthetic methods, formation process and morphology, structural superiority of MOFs-derived carbon frameworks along with their electrochemical performance as cathode host in Li–S batteries are summarized and discussed.
Porous nanostructured vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) particles were successfully prepared by spray pyrolysis (SP) in a precursor solution with an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) additive. The correlation between the porous structure and the electrochemical properties of the V2O5 particles was investigated. The porous structure markedly changed upon increasing the concentration of NH4NO3 in the precursor solution from 0 to 0.408 mol L−1. Pore structure analysis based on N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements indicated that porous nanostructured V2O5 particles with a pore size of less than 100 nm can be prepared by the novel SP method and that an increase in the NH4NO3 concentration in the precursor solution can enlarge the pores in the V2O5 particles, especially those with a size between 20 and 80 nm. The porous nanostructured V2O5 prepared with an NH4NO3 concentration of 0.272 mol L−1 exhibited a first discharge capacity of 400 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. The unique porous structure of V2O5 particles significantly enhanced the rate performance and exhibited a first discharge capacity of 180 mAh g−1 at 1200 mA g−1, which is much higher than that of dense V2O5 particles (70 mAh g−1).
Objectives The overall objectives of the Ajou-Bundang Study for the Elderly (AB study) were to describe the current geriatric diseases and health behaviors, and to improve the visiting health service in South Korea. The particular objectives of the current study were to describe the AB study and to investigate the associations between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and objective cognitive function, to assess the clinical characteristics of SMCs, and to measure possible differences between elderly people with and without cognitive dysfunction. Methods A cross-sectional study of a sample of people from the AB study was constructed to study the association between SMCs and demographic variables. SMCs, cognitive function, and demographic characteristics were ascertained. A total of 9477 subjects aged 65 years or over were recruited from the residents of Bundang, Korea. Results SMCs were reported by 57.3% of the study participants. SMCs were correlated with advanced age and with being female. Further analyses of cognitive functions revealed that associated factor profiles differed between the participants with and without cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions These results show that age is associated with SMCs, irrespective of the level of cognitive function. Longitudinal SMC studies should be undertaken to investigate potentially associated clinical parameters.
Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVDF/PMMA) membranes were prepared using the phase-separation method. Then, the membranes were immersed in liquid electrolyte to form polymer electrolytes. The effects of PMMA on the morphology, degree of crystallinity, porosity, and electrolyte uptake of the PVDF membrane were studied. The addition of PMMA increased the pore size, porosity and electrolyte uptake of the PVDF membrane, which in turn increased the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The maximum ionic conductivity at room temperature was 1.21×10−3 Scm−1 for Sample E70. The polymer electrolyte was investigated, along with lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as cathode for all solid-state lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. The lithium metal/E70/LiFePO4 cell yielded a stable discharge capacity of 133mAhg−1 after up to 50cycles at a current density of 8.5mAg−1.
We have found that certain combinations of specific additives show a very interesting behavior in Li-ion batteries. During the course of investigating further improvements in the performance of the triple-bonded compounds, which we very recently reported, a novel and unique effect of an additive combination was observed. The combination of the triple-bonded compounds and the double-bonded compounds has proven to show a much improved battery performance, especially in cycleability and gas evolution than the case when they are singly used. Especially, the synergetic effect of propargyl methanesulfonate and vinylene carbonate is remarkable. To clarify the synergetic effect, the electrochemical properties of the additives and the electrode analyses were investigated. It is assumed that the higher battery performance of the combination effect resulted not only from the thin and dense SEI on the negative electrode but also from the positive electrode surface co-polymerized film produced by the synergetic decomposition of the additives. We suggest that the keys for producing the synergetic functions are (1) a structural difference in the unsaturated moiety, and (2) a greater difference in the reduction potential.
Wearable devices are drawing increasing attention in both academia and industry in that they can offer unprecedented information related to human health in real-time and human–machine interactions, which is expected to enable a paradigm shift in the digital world. For this shift to occur, green and sustainable energy technology for powering flexible wearable devices is a roadblock. This paper is dedicated to reviewing cutting-edge wearable power generation methodologies, for which we discuss their pros and cons, underlying physics, and general design/evaluation criteria. Sensor types, materials, processing technology, power consumption, and methods of testing the stretchability and flexibility of wearable devices are also summarized. Based on application scenarios in healthcare, industrial inspection, structural monitoring, armed forces and consumer electronics, an integrated system architecture of wearable, flexible systems is presented. Finally, future perspectives of wearable technologies are outlined by covering the aspects of all-in-one printable wearable electronics, fiber and textile electronics, self-powered self-awareness wearable systems, hybrid-integrated Systems on a Chip (SoC) for flexible electronics, and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled self-contained systems towards full life cycle monitoring.
Developmental exposure to the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon (DZN) alters serotonergic synaptic function at doses below the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition, however there are some indications that the two agents may differ in several important attributes. Previously, we found that low-dose chlorpyrifos exposure in neonatal rats causes lasting changes in emotional response and in the current study we did a comparable evaluation for DZN. Male and female Sprague–Dawley rat pups (N =10–12 of each sex per treatment group) were given 0, 0.5 or 2mg/(kgday) of DZN s.c. daily on postnatal days (PND) 1–4. These doses bracket the threshold for barely-detectable cholinesterase inhibition. Starting on PND 52, these rats began a battery of tests to assess emotional reactivity. In the elevated plus maze, there was a slight decrease in the time spent in the open arms for DZN-exposed males, while DZN-exposed females were not different from control females. In the novelty-suppressed feeding test, DZN-exposed males had significantly shorter latencies to begin eating than did control males, reducing the values to those normally seen in females. DZN-exposed rats of either sex showed reduced preference for chocolate milk in the anhedonia test that compared the consumption of chocolate milk to water. These findings show that neonatal exposures to DZN at a dose range below the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition nevertheless evokes specific, later alterations in emotional behaviors, particularly in males. The effects show not only some similarities to those of chlorpyrifos but also some differences, in keeping with neurochemical findings comparing the two agents.
Theoretical studies on a new unsymmetrical electrolyte salt, lithium [3-fluoro-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-o,o′ oxalato]borate (FLBDOB), and its derivatives, lithium bis[3-fluoro-1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-o,o]borate (FLBBB), and lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LBOB) are carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method and B3LYP theory level. Bidentate structures involving two oxygen atoms are preferred. Based on these conformations, a linear correlation is observed between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and the limiting oxidation potentials measured by linear sweep voltammetry, which supports experimental results that strongly electron-withdrawing substituent anions are more resistant against oxidation. The correlations are also observed between ionic conductivity and binding energy, solubility and theoretical set of parameters of anion, thermal stability and the hardness (η). Wave function analyses are performed by natural bond orbital (NBO) method to further investigate the cation–anion interactions.
An investigation into the failure of a series of cycled 40Ah valve regulated lead acid batteries, identified a number of different defect types present in the corrosion layer. In this paper, a detailed description of the materialographic preparation method used to produce cross-sections of the corrosion layer is given. Each of the defect types identified is described and illustrated in an appropriate micrograph. Variations between the defect types suggest that there is more than one mechanism for defect initiation and growth. Possible mechanisms for sources of the defects and their subsequent growth are proposed.
As part of the California Regional PM2.5/PM10 Air Quality Study, annual average concentrations of PM2.5 associated organic compounds were measured using filter samples collected every sixth day for 24h for 1 year. During this time many central California sites had 24-h PM2.5 mass concentrations exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 65μgm−3. The highest concentration of 175μgm−3 was recorded in Fresno on January 1, 2001. Organic speciation of 20 sites within and near the central California valley provides a measure of the spatial differences of emission sources through the use of organic molecular markers. Additionally, it provides an opportunity evaluate their utility at ambient concentrations to measure the influence of emission sources at rural and urban locations. The most abundant particulate phase organic compounds identified were polar organic compounds. Sugar anhydrates, molecular markers of wood combustion, constituted the largest weight fraction of total carbon, followed by alkanoic acids, and alkanedioic acids. Local emission sources such as residential wood combustion, gasoline and diesel vehicles were distinguished by unique molecular markers and found to vary among the annual average sites. The annual average concentrations of individual organic species within compound classes were observed to be highly correlated for many of the central California sites. The two Fresno sites were highly correlated to each other especially with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not well correlated to other sites.
The characteristics of a divided, industrial scale electrochemical reactor with five bipolar electrodes (each having a projected area of 0.72m2) were examined in terms of mass transport, pressure drop and flow dispersion. Global mass transport data were obtained by monitoring the (first order) concentration decay of dissolved bromine (which was generated in situ by constant current electrolysis of a 1moldm−3 NaBr(aq)). The global mass transport properties have been compared with those reported in the literature for other electrochemical reactors. The pressure drop over the reactor was calculated as a function of the mean electrolyte flow velocity and flow dispersion experiments showed the existence of slow and fast phases, two-phase flow being observed at lower velocities.
We describe the fabrication of crystallographically preferred oriented TiO2 anatase nanotube arrays (p-NTAs) and the characterization of their photovoltaic properties. The preferred orientation to the (004) plane of the TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) was carefully controlled by adjusting the water content in the anodizing electrolyte; ∼2 wt% of water yielded a p-NTA, whereas other contents of water yielded randomly oriented NTAs (r-NTAs). A structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope revealed that the p-NTA showed a preferred orientation along the [001] direction of the anatase crystal structure. When the NTAs were employed to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoelectrodes, the p-NTA showed a similar electron lifetime to the r-NTA, which was an order of magnitude higher than that for a TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) film. Moreover, the p-NTA exhibited faster electron transport than the NP film, and even faster than the r-NTA. These properties resulted in a longer electron diffusion length of the p-NTA, compared to the r-NTA and NP film, thereby improving the charge collection property of the photoelectrode. The p-NTA exhibited superior photovoltaic energy conversion performance in the DSSC system, and showed a higher thickness for the optimal photovoltaic performance compared to the NP film, which were attributed to the excellent charge collection properties. Our results address that the crystallographic orientation of NTAs improves their charge transport properties, which can be applied to various optoelectronics, especially to solar-driven energy conversion devices.
1,3-Propane sultone (PS) additive for graphite electrodes was studied for propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes in lithium batteries. Decomposition of solvents with graphite electrodes could be remarkably suppressed by addition of the PS additive in the PC-based electrolyte, leading to improvement of electrochemical performances of the cells. The 1,3-propane sultone additive showed very interesting properties for the graphite electrode. It is predicted to give a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of the graphite prior to solvent decomposition and bring about effects that not only suppress lithium deposition on the graphite electrode surface, but also accelerate lithium intercalation, leading to formation of LiC6 onto graphite electrode.