batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Effective collaborative diagnosis, in a presentation environment, requires the presenter’s ability to control equipment at a distance. Conventional remote control multimedia presenters suffice for basic functionality of presentation applications. However, such factory-made remote controls are not particularly useful for a wider variety of applications, especially in the medical field where effective use of the systems and applications require the use of different keys. This paper reports the development of a USB (universal serial bus) remote control with customizable buttons, using RF (radio frequency) technology and allowing for effective control for a large range of manipulations on a workstation. Description of the implementation ideas and results achieved in the development of the firmware and hardware for such a technological tool for use in improving collaborative medical diagnosis and teaching are presented in this article.
Lithium ion batteries with an inorganic separator offer improved safety and enhanced reliability. The free-standing inorganic separators recently studied for lithium ion batteries are brittle and expensive. To address these issues, this paper reports the synthesis of a new and stable electrode-supported separator using a low-cost ceramic powder. Thin and porous α-Al2O3 separator films of thicknesses down to 40 μm were coated on Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) electrode by blade-coating a slurry of α-Al2O3, water and a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The performance of the LTO/Li cells with coated α-Al2O3 separator improves with decreasing PVA content. Cells with coated α-Al2O3 separator containing 0.4wt% PVA exhibit similar discharge capacity but better rate capability than those with commercial polypropylene (PP) or thick sintered α-Al2O3 separator. The coated α-Al2O3 separator does not react with LTO even after many charge/discharge cycles. Fabrication of the electrode-supported α-Al2O3 separator is scalable and cost-effective, offering high potential for practical application in industrial lithium ion battery manufacturing.
Although renewable energy resources are now being utilised more on a global scale than ever before, there is no doubt their contribution to the energy economy can still be greatly increased. Recently international support for developing these relatively new sources of energy has been driven by their benefits as assessed by reduced environmental impact, particularly reduced greenhouse gas emissions. After several decades of continuous but somewhat erratic funding for research and development of renewables, it is time to take stock of the key issues to be addressed in terms of implementation of major renewable energy programmes on a large scale worldwide. One of the first steps in this process is the identification and encouragement of reliable continuous markets both in developed and developing nations. Future energy policy and planning scenarios should take into account the factors necessary to integrate renewables in all their diverse forms into the normal energy economy of the country. Other critical factors in market development will include the mass production of high quality, reliable and reasonable cost technical products and the provision of adequate finance for demonstrating market ready and near market renewables equipment. Government agencies need to aid in the removal of legislative and institutional barriers hindering the widespread introduction of non-conventional energy sources and to encourage the implementation of government purchasing schemes. Recent moves by companies in Australia to market ‘green energy’ to customers should also aid in the public awareness of the ultimate potential of renewables leading to greater use in the industrial, commercial and domestic sectors.
Three rechargeable lithium cells have been fabricated using thin films of Li and sputter-deposited Li x Mn2−y O4 as the electrodes, and a LiPF6 organic liquid electrolyte. Cells were cycled up to 18 times between 4.5 and 2.5 V at 25°C both with and without the addition of the thin-film lithium phosphorus oxynitride solid electrolyte, known as Lipon. Of the cells tested, the Lipon film was most effective in maximizing the capacity and cycling efficiency when deposited in direct contact with the cathode; however, a significant improvement over the Lipon-free cell was also observed with Lipon sandwiched between layers of the liquid electrolyte. In the latter case, the Lipon was deposited onto a microporous polypropylene separator membrane.
Neuropsychological studies have shown that alcohol dependence is associated with neurocognitive deficits in tasks requiring memory, perceptual motor skills, abstraction and problem solving, whereas language skills are relatively spared in alcoholics despite structural abnormalities in the language-related brain regions. To investigate the preserved mechanisms of language processing in alcohol-dependents, functional brain imaging was undertaken in healthy controls (n=18) and alcohol-dependents (n=16) while completing a lexical semantic judgment task in a 3 T MR scanner. Behavioural data indicated that alcohol-dependents took more time than controls for performing the task but there was no significant difference in their response accuracy. fMRI data analysis revealed that while performing the task, the alcoholics showed enhanced activations in left supramarginal gyrus, precuneus bilaterally, left angular gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus as compared to control subjects. The extensive activations observed in alcoholics as compared to controls suggest that alcoholics recruit additional brain areas to meet the behavioural demands for equivalent task performance. The results are consistent with previous fMRI studies suggesting compensatory mechanisms for the execution of task for showing an equivalent performance or decreased neural efficiency of relevant brain networks. However, on direct comparison of the two groups, the results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons; therefore, the present findings need further exploration.
Studies of autobiographical memory in semantic dementia (SD) have yielded either a reversed temporal gradient or spared performances across the entire lifetime. This discrepancy might be owing to the fact that these studies did not take into account disease severity. Our aim was to study patterns of autobiographical memory impairment according to disease severity and to unravel their mechanisms in 14 SD patients, using an autobiographical memory task assessing overall and strictly episodic memories across the entire lifetime. We divided our patients in 2 subgroups of 7 patients each, one mild and one moderate according to their level of disease severity. The results indicated for the mild subgroup selective preserved performances for the most recent time period (last 12 months period) for both autobiographical memory scores. In the moderate subgroup, performances were impaired for both scores whatever the time period. Within-group comparisons across time periods showed a recency effect and a reminiscence bump in the mild subgroup and only a less important recency effect in the moderate subgroup, suggesting that with disease severity, old memories (reminiscence bump) tend to vanish and even recent memories are less well retrieved. A correlation analysis was carried out on the entire group, between the overall autobiographical memory score and performances provided by a general cognitive evaluation (semantic memory, executive functions, working and episodic memory). The results of this analysis reflect that mechanisms of disruption of autobiographical memory in SD predominantly involve a deficit of storage of semantic information in addition to faulty executive retrieval strategies. Finally, our result and those of the literature suggest the existence of 3 distinct autobiographical memory impairment patterns in SD according to disease severity: firstly preserved performances whatever the time period, secondly a reversed temporal gradient with a reminiscence bump and thirdly the appearance of a “step-function”.
Various electrochemical methods with different conditions were used to prepare lead dioxide (PbO2). The observation revealed that the morphology of deposited PbO2 could be controlled by simply changing deposition parameters. Under the condition of oxygen evolution, which dominates the electrode process, uniformly distributed high porous structured PbO2 was formed. The results indicated that large current density or high potential polarization should be one of the most important and necessary factors for forming high surface area PbO2 deposit. Only β-PbO2 was identified by X-ray diffraction measurement for the deposit prepared by present methods and solution. One potential application of this method is to prepare nanoscaled PbO2 parallel lines.
The spinel LiMgxMn2-xO4–2xF2x (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) samples are synthesized via a solid-state reaction route with the MgF2 as the dopant. The structure and performance of the samples are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that the LiMgxMn2-xO4–2xF2x (x= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) samples possess the typical octahedral structure with single phase. Especially, LiMg0.1Mn1.9O3.8F0.2 shows the highest initial discharge capacity of 121.1 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention is still as high as 89.2% even after 400 cycles at a rate of 1C under an elevated temperature of 55°C. Besides, it presents an excellent rate capability, a high discharge capacity of over 76.1 mAh g−1 is still obtained even at the high rate of 20C. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that the Mg and F co-substitution can fundamentally ameliorate the Jahn-teller distortion of the conventional LiMn2O4, thus this is a very effective way for improving the elevated temperature capacity retention of LiMn2O4.
In this paper a novel combined battery model for state-of-charge (SoC) estimation in lead-acid batteries, based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented. To obtain a more accurate SoC estimation technique, a combination of the two previously used models (RC and hysteresis battery models) is introduced; trying to compensate deficiencies of the individual models. The changes in the behavior of the battery are considered in the proposed SoC estimation method which makes it suitable for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using an experimental test. This Kalman filter modeling approach is shown to give SoC estimation error within 2% compared with Ah counting method; therefore, better results are obtained in comparison with the other conventional methods.
River current energy conversion systems (RCECS) are electromechanical energy converters that convert kinetic energy of river water into other usable forms of energy. Over the last few decades, a number of reports on technical and economic feasibility of this technology have emerged. However, the potentials of this technology as an effective source of alternative energy have not yet been explored to a great extent. The underlying challenges of system design, operation and economics also lack proper understanding. In this article, starting with a definition of the RCECS, an overview of the technological advancements in the relevant field is provided. From a system engineering perspective, various merits and prospects of this technology along with pertinent challenges are discussed. The cross-disciplinary nature of approaching these challenges with an emphasis on the need for contributions from various technical and non-technical domains are also outlined in brief. This article may serve as a coherent literature survey or technology review that would provide better understanding of the subjacent issues and possibly rejuvenate research interest in this immensely potential field of energy engineering.
United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ‘life below water’, is directed to the sustainable use and conservation of the oceans and marine resources. However, there is very limited information available on how the large-scale commercial fishing industry might contribute to the achievement of SDG 14. This paper shows engagement opportunities for the fishing industry, with a focus on fish harvesting, for the different targets of SDG 14. We find that the fish harvesting sector can contribute to almost all SDG 14 targets, except in the prohibition of certain forms of fishing subsidies. The fishing industry has the opportunity to implement practices that, for example, can help to reduce marine pollution or bycatch. More work is needed to provide specific reporting mechanisms for fisheries companies to assess their progress against the other SDGs.
The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal-storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. This paper also summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available thermal energy storage systems incorporating PCMs for use in different applications.
This paper investigates the state estimation of a high-fidelity spatially resolved thermal-electrochemical lithium-ion battery model commonly referred to as the pseudo two-dimensional model. The partial-differential algebraic equations (PDAEs) constituting the model are spatially discretised using Chebyshev orthogonal collocation enabling fast and accurate simulations up to high C-rates. This implementation of the pseudo-2D model is then used in combination with an extended Kalman filter algorithm for differential-algebraic equations to estimate the states of the model. The state estimation algorithm is able to rapidly recover the model states from current, voltage and temperature measurements. Results show that the error on the state estimate falls below 1% in less than 200 s despite a 30% error on battery initial state-of-charge and additive measurement noise with 10 mV and 0.5 K standard deviations.
In this work, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple is studied as an alternative half-cell electrolyte for Redox Flow Battery (RFB) applications. Copper is an abundant and environmentally friendly material that, in combination with appropriate complexing agents, can be solubilized at high concentrations in aqueous media. The effect of adding chlorides as complexing agents in different concentrations, as well as the effects of temperature, have been examined with the objective of increasing the chemical stability of copper chloro-complexes in solution as well as to improve upon the reversibility of these electrochemical reactions. Also, an important shift in potential towards more positive values has been observed when high concentrations of chlorides are used, deviating approximately 0.5 V from the standard redox potential of this couple. This allows for the application of this copper redox couple as a positive electrolyte for RFB technologies.
This article presents the results of a laboratory experiment and an online multi-country experiment testing the effect of motor vehicle eco-labels on consumers. The laboratory study featured a discrete choice task and questions on comprehension, while the ten countries online experiment included measures of willingness to pay and comprehension. Labels focusing on fuel economy or running costs are better understood, and influence choice about money-related eco-friendly behaviour. We suggest that this effect comes through mental accounting of fuel economy. In the absence of a cost saving frame, we do not find a similar effect of information on CO2 emissions and eco-friendliness. Labels do not perform as well as promotional materials. By virtue of being embedded into a setting designed to capture the attention, the latter are more effective. We found also that large and expensive cars tend to be undervalued once fuel economy is highlighted.
A simple, economical and convenient mechano-thermal coating procedure for the production of LiCoO2 with improved cycling performance is described. The coating material was pre-formed nanoparticulate fumed silica. TEM studies with a 1.0wt.% silica-coated cathode suggested that the silica species partially diffused into the bulk of the cathode material. XRD studies showed a diminished lattice parameter c upon coating, indicating that a substitutional compound of the LiSi y Co1−y O2+0.5y type might have formed upon calcination. SEM images, R-factor values from XRD studies and electrochemical studies showed that a coating level of 1.0wt.% gave an optimal performance in capacity and cyclability. SEM images showed that above this level, the excess silica formed spherules, which got glued to the coated cathode particles. Galvanostatic cycling studies showed that at a coating level of 1.0wt.%, cyclability improved three and nine times for two commercial LiCoO2 samples.
The influences of adding vanadium to the structure evolution and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 are systematically investigated by in-situ X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The results indicate that the addition of a small amount of vanadium (less than at 1%) significantly reduces the formation of non-crystalline (highly disordered) triphylite and remnant heterosite phases in the cathode of battery especially at the rate capability higher than 0.5C. The cycle stability of LiFePO4 cathode with vanadium additive after 80 cycles is improved by 14.9% compared to that without vanadium additive. Such an enhancement could be attributed to the ion diffusion kinetics being improved and inactive triphylite being reduced by the supervalent-vanadium additive in cathode during electrochemical redox cycles.
Interest is increasing in the application of standardised outcome measures in clinical practice. Measures designed for use in research may not be sufficiently precise to be used in monitoring individual patients. However, little is known about how clinicians and in particular, multidisciplinary teams, score patients using these measures. This paper explores the challenges faced by multidisciplinary teams in allocating scores on standardised outcome measures in clinical practice.
Fabricating high-performance anode materials is of great significance for the realization of advanced Na-ion batteries (SIBs). Poor rate capability and insufficient cycle stability are two main scientific issues urgently needing to be solved for sodium titanate (NaxTiyOz) anodes. In this paper, protonated titanate nanowire arrays are designed rationally as novel additive-free anodes for SIBs. Results reveal that the protonated strategy can controllablly regulate the lattice interlayer spacing of the titanate, which can not only effectively facilitate the Na-ion migration but also suppress the side reaction and inhibit the irreversible trapping of Na-ions in the crystal framework, leading to fast Na-ion diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the protonated titanate material experiences smaller changes in lattice parameters and unit-cell volume during long-term cycling than those of non-protonated material, resulting in less mechanical stresses and capacity loss in an anode. As expected, the protonated titanate material exhibits superior rate performance and ultralong lifespan when utilized as free-standing anode for SIB, remaining 85% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at 5.0Ag−1 (~ 23C). When assembled as full cell with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, high energy density (262.3Whkg−1) and power density (1748.9Wkg−1), excellent rate capability and superior cycle stability (260 cycles, 86%) can be achieved.
To investigate the effects of salt concentration, LiBF4 was incorporated into a PVdF–PVC based polymer blend and thin electrolytes were prepared by solution casting technique. The obtained thin films were subjected to various characterizations such as FTIR, XRD and TG/DTA analysis to study their complex behaviour, amorphicity and thermal stability, respectively. The ionic conductivities of the electrolytes were measured by AC impedance. A PVdF (80)–PVC (20)–LiBF4 (8wt%) polymer electrolyte was found to have high conductivity compared to other complexes. Similar investigations were also repeated with a LiClO4 salt in the above blend and the electrical conductivity was found to be higher in the polymer complex having 8wt% of salt concentration.
Intermetallic SnTe composites dispersed in a conductive TiC/C hybrid matrix are synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM). The electrochemical performances of the composites as potential anodes for Li-ion batteries are evaluated. The structural and morphological characteristics of the SnTe–TiC–C composites with various TiC contents are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which reveal that SnTe and TiC are uniformly dispersed in a carbon matrix. The electrochemical performance is significantly improved by introducing TiC to the SnTe–C composite; higher TiC contents result in better performances. Among the prepared composites, the SnTe–TiC (30%)–C and SnTe–TiC (40%)–C electrodes exhibit the best electrochemical performance, showing the reversible capacities of, respectively, 652 mAh cm−3 and 588 mAh cm−3 after 400 cycles and high rate capabilities with the capacity retentions of 75.4% for SnTe–TiC (30%)–C and 82.2% for SnTe–TiC (40%)–C at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the Li storage reaction mechanisms of Te or Sn in the SnTe–TiC–C electrodes are confirmed by ex situ XRD.
The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-calcineurin (CaN)-NFATc signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of myocyte hypertrophy and fiber-type specificity. In the present study, the expression of the CnAα, NFATc3, and IGF-I genes was quantified by RT-PCR for the first time in the breast muscle (BM) and leg muscle (LM) on days 13, 17, 21, 25, and 27 of embryonic development, as well as at 7 days posthatching (PH), in Gaoyou and Jinding ducks, which differ in their muscle growth rates. Consistent expression patterns of CnAα, NFATc3, and IGF-I were found in the same anatomical location at different development stages in both duck breeds, showing significant differences in an age-specific fashion. However, the three genes were differentially expressed in the two different anatomical locations (BM and LM). CnAα, NFATc3, and IGF-I messenger RNA (mRNA) could be detected as early as embryonic day 13 (ED13), and the highest level appeared at this stage in both BM and LM. Significant positive relationships were observed in the expression of the studied genes in the BM and LM of both duck breeds. Also, the expression of these three genes showed a positive relationship with the percentage of type IIb fibers and a negative relationship with the percentage of type I fibers and type IIa fibers. Our data indicate differential expression and coordinated developmental regulation of the selected genes involved in the IGF-I-calcineurin-NFATc3 pathway in duck skeletal muscle during embryonic and early PH growth and development; these data also indicate that this signaling pathway might play a role in the regulation of myofiber type transition.