batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Present work proposes a unique and simple method for synthesizing small and uniform Barium sulfate particles within a novel auxiliary solution based on the glycerol. Glycerol acts as a molecular spacer and prevents growth and agglomeration of the synthesizing particles. Barium sulfate is the isomorph of PbSO4 and provides the centers for nucleation of PbSO4 particles during the discharge process. Smaller particles of BaSO4 leads to more and smaller PbSO4 particles per volume of Negative Active Material (NAM). Therefore, electrochemical reactions including oxidation (discharge) and reduction (charge) are performed utterly in deeper parts of the NAM. The battery containing synthesized BaSO4 exhibits much better capacity, cranking performance, charge acceptance and cycle-life in relation to the reference battery. After cycling test, NAM of the battery is investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to study the particle size and morphology of it. More, uniform and smaller PbSO4 particles are produced at discharge state. Through the complete reduction process, PbSO4 particles completely turn back to the spongy Pb on the negative electrode which reduces the “sulfation” of the electrodes. Consequently, synthesized Barium sulfate particles with the proposed method, improve the overall performance of the lead-acid battery.
The corrosion process of iron in 1M LiPF6 solution using an ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) mixture solvent is studied using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical technique employed is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, and a special electrode arrangement is used in a pouch cell. The electrochemical and gravimetrical data match reasonably well, indicating a decreasing corrosion rate with time of exposure. The EIS data are analysed using a transmission line model that accounts for the shifts observed in the high frequency limit of the impedance. The data presented suggest that PF 6 − corrodes Fe to Fe2+ that further evolves to Fe3+, forming porous structures based on FeF3. The formation of Fe3+ has also been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS analysis. In the presence of non-oxidising salts (e.g., LiBOB, LiBF4), the Fe corrosion rate decreases.
Despite small body size and high metabolic rate, bats are exceptionally long-lived mammals. This longevity, the ecological, behavioral and morphological diversity, and the unique life history traits of this multispecied order of mammals make bats well-suited as model systems for aging research. Including bats in comparative investigations may provide insight into universal mechanisms of senescence as well as reveal mechanisms that confer resistance to expected senescent processes. In this chapter we provide a general description of this extraordinary order of mammals within the context of their potential use for aging research. We describe general methodologies including captive care, capturing and aging techniques as well as some of the health precautions researchers should observe when working with bats. We conclude with a brief summary of the current state of longevity and senescence research on bats and potential future lines of research. Probably most useful is a list of resources we have included, which can provide initial information and direction for researchers interested in using bats as a model system.
Currently, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries become increasingly attractive because of their high theoretical energy density and high theoretical specific capacity. In this work, high-sulfur-loading Al2O3 doping of a ZnO-modified carbon nanotube (AZO@S/CNT) composite is synthesized via the hydrothermal method and subsequent high-temperature solid-state reaction. Al2O3-doped ZnO (AZO) induces a strong chemical interaction between polysulfides to restrain the “shuttle effect.” In addition, we use a novel method to enhance the electronic conductivity of the cathode material. The Al2O3 doping of ZnO can increase the electron density in ZnO, and thus enhance its electronic conductivity. The initial discharge capacity of the cathode with 60-wt.% S reaches 1100 mAh g−1 and the recycle capacity still remains 700 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C with a capacity fade rate of 0.18% per cycle, offering a potential candidate for practical application of high-energy-density Li-S batteries in the future.
Two miniature electrochemical capacitors, of high power and sufficient energy capacity, are prepared using photolithography and transferred to a plastic substrate. The preparation procedure involves, inverting a 60μm thick interdigital pattern of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a Scotch tape, such that the pre-sputtered gold layer at the bottom effectively collects interfacial charge. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the symmetric CNT capacitor measures 0.40Ωcm2, while that of the asymmetric capacitor with a positive α-Co(OH)2/CNT electrode measures 0.45Ωcm2, much less than the as-grown CNT capacitor. Electrodeposited α-Co(OH)2 enhances the cell capacitance significantly, especially in a wide potential window. When operated at current density 20Ag−1 and window 1.8V, the cell capacitance of asymmetric capacitor measures 62.6Fg−1, much higher than that of symmetric capacitor 8.7Fg−1. But the symmetric CNT capacitor displays a better power performance because of a lower ESR. At current density 30Ag−1, its power density reaches 20.6kWkg−1 with energy density 2.2Whkg−1. In contrast, the asymmetric capacitor stores more energy, at 30Ag−1, it exhibits power density 11.4kWkg−1 and energy density 7.8Whkg−1.
This contribution deals with pore diffusion influences on the dehydrogenation kinetics of perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H12-NEC). The reaction is of high interest in the context of hydrogen storage in the N-ethylcarbazole (NEC)/perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H12-NEC) Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) system. The hydrogen content of H12-NEC is 5.8 wt% and total dehydrogenation releases for each mL of H12-NEC more than 600 mL of H2. Further optimization of H12-NEC dehydrogenation catalysis requires a better understanding of the role of mass transfer effects. Pore diffusion effects have been studied by preparing egg-shell catalysts (Pt/γ-alumina layer on α-alumina core) of different active layer thicknesses (24 –88 μm). It has been found that even at very thin catalyst layers (24 μm) the kinetic regime is limited to 235 °C, thus pore diffusion effects the dehydrogenation in almost all commercial catalysts strongly.
A series of PbO2 coatings on planar carbon substrates has been prepared by anodic deposition in aqueous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) under galvanostatic conditions. The effect of four experimental parameters, i.e., lead(II) methanesulfonate and MSA concentrations, current density, and temperature was analysed. Surface characterisation by XRD, SEM-EDX, and AFM has provided information about the structural (phase distribution, degree of crystallinity, and crystallite size), morphological (crystallite shape, degree of porosity), and tribological (surface roughness) properties of the PbO2 coatings, respectively. Electrochemical studies based on linear and cyclic voltammetry allowed comparison between electrodes prepared in MSA and classical electrodes prepared in HNO3. Pure α- or β-PbO2 and α+β mixtures were obtained depending on the conditions, being temperature the most influential deposition parameter. A temperature rise caused a transition to pure β-PbO2 and led to a higher degree of crystallinity with a progressive increase of crystallite size, always within the range of 10–30nm, as well as to a remarkably higher roughness, from smooth (35–50nm rms) to rough (up to 500nm rms) surfaces. Low MSA and high lead(II) methanesulfonate concentrations were required to avoid the formation of excessively porous powdery coatings, as well as cracks, pits, and holes. Most of the coatings obtained in MSA were uniform, nanocrystalline, and moderately rough. Their electrocatalytic behaviour was comparable to that of the electrodes prepared in HNO3, showing an O2-overpotential of +0.66V in 0.05M Na2SO4 at pH 3.0. Such coatings can then be envisaged as suitable anodes for energy and water treatment applications. Prolonged electrolysis has shown their stability against leaching.
In this paper, reaction engineering principles are utilized to analyze process conditions for producing sufficient hydrogen in an ammonia decomposition reactor for generating net power of 100W in a fuel cell. It is shown that operating the reactor adiabatically results in a sharp decrease in temperature due to endothermic reaction, which results in low conversion of ammonia. For this reason, the reactor is heated electrically to provide heat for the endothermic reactions. It is observed that when the reactor is operated non-adiabatically, it is possible to get over 99.5% conversion of ammonia. The weight of absorbent to reduce ammonia to p p b levels is calculated. An energy balance on the reactor exit gas indicates that there is sufficient heat available to vaporize enough water to achieve 100% relative humidity in the fuel cell. A suitable fuel cell stack is designed and it is shown that this stack is able to provide the necessary power to electrically heat the reactor and produce net power of 100W.
A three-dimensional thermal model has been developed to gain better understanding of thermal behavior of battery cells in a pack under simulated driving cycles. The numerical approach incorporates a three-dimensional CFD pack-level sub-model, a one-dimensional battery pack network sub-model, and a three-dimensional thermal and electrochemical coupled cell/module level sub-model so that the battery non-uniform heat generation rate, the battery temperature distribution as well as battery temperature variation across a pack can be quickly predicted. In particular, the flow profiles of each individual battery cooling channel are calculated using the three-dimensional CFD sub-model. Using the predicted flow profiles of the cooling channel as flow boundary conditions the thermal behavior of battery cells is predicted using the one-dimensional battery pack network sub-model and the cell/module level thermal sub-model, in which both electrochemical reaction and double layer effect of battery cells are considered. The thermal behavior of battery cells is correlated through physical tests. Finally, the effects of the cooling flow of battery pack and the design of battery pack cooling system on non-uniformity of individual battery cell temperature and battery cell temperature variation across the pack under simulated US06 driving cycles are studied and discussed.
To meet the demands for high power micro-electronic devices, two silicon-based micro-direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) stacks consisting of six individual cells with two different anode flow fields were designed, fabricated and evaluated. Micro-electronic–mechanical-system (MEMS) technology was used to fabricate both flow field plate and fuel distribution plate on the silicon wafer. Experimental results show that either an individual cell or a stack with double serpentine-type flow fields presents better cell performance than those with pin-type flow fields. A μDMFC stack with double serpentine-type flow fields generates a peak output power of ca. 151mW at a working voltage of 1.5V, corresponding to an average power density of ca. 17.5mWcm−2, which is ca. 20.7% higher than that with pin-type flow fields. The volume and weight of the stacks are only 5.3cm3 and 10.7g, respectively. Such small stacks could be used as power sources for micro-electronic devices.
The study of the electrochemical reaction mechanism of lithium with NiSb2 intermetallic material is reported here. The nickel diantimonide prepared by classic ceramic route is proposed as possible candidate for anodic applications in Li-ion batteries. The electrochemical characterisation of NiSb2 versus Li+/Li0 shows a reversible uptake of 5 lithium per formula unit, which leads to reversible capacities of 500mAhg−1 at an average potential of 0.9V. From ex situ XRD and 121Sb Mössbauer measurements it was shown that during the first discharge the orthorhombic NiSb2 phase undergoes a pure conversion process (NiSb2 +6 Li+ +6e− →Ni0 +2Li3Sb). During the charge process that follows, the lithium extraction from the composite electrode takes place through an original conversion process, leading to the formation of the high pressure NiSb2 polymorph. This highly reversible mechanism makes it possible to sustain 100% of the specific capacity after 15 cycles.
During the discharge process of non-aqueous lithium-air batteries, a solid product, Li2O2, forms in the pores of the porous cathode, and eventually causes the discharge process to cease. During the charge process, solid Li2O2 needs to be electrochemically oxidized. The morphology of the discharge product is, therefore, critically related to the capacity and reversibility of the battery. In this work, we experimentally show that for a given design of the cathode, the shape of the discharge product Li2O2 at a given discharge current density remains almost unchanged with a change in the operating temperature, but the size decreases with an increase in the temperature. We also demonstrate that the product shape varies with the discharge current density at a given temperature. The practical implication of these findings is that the capacity, charge voltage, and cyclability of a given non-aqueous lithium-air battery are affected by the operating temperature.
We report here the integration of high voltage Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material and nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets, which has led to high-speed electron and Li-ion transfer channels. The hybrid materials are synthesized through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The Li3V2(PO4)3/C with typical size of 50–100nm are uniformly anchored on the nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets. The hybrid nanocomposites as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries exhibit a specific discharge capacity of 191.5mAhg−1 at 0.1C within the voltage range of 3.0–4.8V; 172.6mAhg−1 and 160.5mAhg−1 at higher rates of 5C and 10C, respectively. More importantly, it shows a stable cycling performance with 87.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20C. Thus, we can speculate that the nitrogen-doped graphene decorated Li3V2(PO4)3/C is a promising cathode material for use in high-rate and ultralong cycle-life lithium-ion batteries. Meanwhile, this synthesis strategy and design conception for Li3V2(PO4)3 could be employed to develop other cathode or anode materials for advanced energy storage.
Carbon nanotubes are one of the most prominent materials in research for creating electrodes for portable electronics. When coupled with metallic nanoparticles the performance of carbon nanotube electrodes can be dramatically improved. Microwave reduction is an extremely rapid method for producing carbon nanotube-metallic nanoparticle composites, however, this technique has so far been limited to carbon nanotube soot. An understanding of the microwave process and the interactions of metallic nanoparticles with carbon nanotubes have allowed us to extend this promising functionalisation route to pre-formed CNT electrode architectures. Nanoparticle reduction onto pre-formed architectures reduces metallic nanoparticle waste as particles are not formed where there is insufficient porosity for electrochemical processes. A two-fold increase in capacitive response, stable over 500 cycles, was observed for these composites, with a maximum capacitance of 300 F g−1 observed for a carbon Nanoweb electrode.
Lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fiber-based membranes were prepared by electrospinning dispersions of LATP particles in PAN solutions. The electrolyte uptakes of the electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes were measured and the results showed that the electrolyte uptake increased as the LATP content increased. The lithium ion conductivity, the electrochemical oxidation limit and the interface resistance of liquid electrolyte-soaked electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes were also measured and it was found that as the LATP content increased, the electrospun LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes had higher lithium ion conductivity, better electrochemical stability, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium electrode. Additionally, lithium//1M LiPF6/EC/EMC//lithium iron phosphate cells using LATP/PAN composite fiber-based membranes as the separator demonstrated high charge/discharge capacity and good cycle performance.
Among laboratory technicians, the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain is widespread possibly due to typical daily work tasks such as pipetting, preparing vial samples for analysis, and data processing on a computer including mouse work - all tasks that require precision in motor control and may result in extended periods of time spent in static positions.
This study attempts to apply a back-propagation network (BPN) for multi-sensors data fusion in a wireless sensor networks (WSNs) system with a node-sink mobile network structure. This investigate is to finish the factory monitoring at environment monitoring services (EMS). These practice wireless sensor network circuits include temperature, humidity, ultraviolet, and illumination four variable measurement components. These data fields of each sensor nodes contain the properties and specifications of that signal process rules, the remote engineers can manage the multi-sensors data fusion using the browser, and the WSNs system then classification the data fusion database via the Internet and mobile network. Moreover, The BPN training approach is significant that improves data fusion system in accuracy and classification with parallel computing for data fusion efficiency. The final phase of the classification fusion system applies parallel BPN technology to process data fusion, and can solve the problem of various signals states. This study is considered implemented on the Yang-Fen Automation Electrical Engineering Company as a case study. The experiment is continued for six months, and engineers are also used to operating the web-based classification fusion system. Therefore, the cooperative plan described above is analyzed and discussed here. Finally, these papers propose the tradition methods compare with the innovative BPN methods.
In this research, we propose the thermal power generation fault diagnosis and prediction model based on deep learning and multimedia systems. The application of multimedia technology in the power dispatching communication system not only greatly enhances the stability and reliability of the power system, but also enriches the application of science and technology in the power system. It is one of the main directions for the development of power communication and information processing systems. The paper’s novelty and contribution are major reflected from the three aspects. First, we optimize the traditional neural network model to fix it more suitable for multimedia applications. We improve the forecasting accuracy; and then for each type of sample of B-neural network model, the up-front of meteorological data. Second, the deep neural network is optimized for better evaluation efficiency. The number of convolution kernels in each convolutional layer in the network is different. The more the number of the post-convolution kernels, the more efficient the model will be. Therefore, the multi-kernel structure is proposed. Third, we integrate the multimedia into the prediction scenario to visualize the data and results. The experiment result is conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. Results compared with the other state-of-the-art models demonstrate the robustness of our method.
Graphical AbstractFlow chart of genetic tests
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity (Yamamura et al. 1973). Furthermore, it is a complicated, multi-systematic disease that integrates these motor symptoms with non-motor symptoms (Schapira et al. 2017; Del Tredici et al. 2002). It is these non-motor symptoms (NMSs), including mood disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal problems, which often affect patients’ quality of life (Chen et al. 2013; Rodriguez-Violante et al. 2017).
Obtaining the cooperation of citizens to participate in separate waste collection is essential to create a recycling-oriented society. In this research, the degree of change in the citizen participation rate, which occurs when the contents of political measures such as the raising of awareness, provision of information, and the conditions of collection services were changed, was estimated together with the effect on the reduction in environmental load. A questionnaire survey was conducted, targeted at residents of Itabashi Ward, while logistic regression analyses were also conducted to create predictive models for recycling behavior, and sensitivity analyses of the models were carried out to estimate the increase in citizen participation rate achievable through the implementation of various political measures. It was found that the effect of “thorough perception of information” was the largest, followed by “minimization of evaluation of trouble” and “thorough perception of efficacy of measures.” The effect of the improvement in the citizen participation rate on the reduction in environmental load was also evaluated quantitatively by life cycle inventory analyses. It was indicated that “maximization of perception of information” had the greatest effect. However, the reduction effect with “paper packs” and “PET bottles” was relatively small compared with that of “bottles/cans.”
This chapter introduces the various job positions in theatrical sound and explains the hierarchies and role expectations. The positions covered are sound designer, associate designer, assistant designer, production sound, A1 or head sound, A2 or deck sound, and monitor mixer, and the author is careful to delineate the sometimes subtle differences in the roles and duties belonging to each position. Each of the positions is broken down further in its roles, distinguishing between such aspects as musical theatre sound vs. straight play sound, and technical sound vs. conceptual sound. Level of experience needed for each position is also discussed, and some examples of well-known names of people filling each type of position are given. Keywords A1/head sound, A2/deck sound, assistant sound designer, associate sound designer, conceptual sound design, head sound, monitor mixer, musical theatre sound designer, production sound, theatre sound designer, sound engineer, sound mixer, sound operator, straight play sound designer, technical sound design, theatre sound score design, theatre sound system design
The authors examined the differential roles of GluN2A and GluN2B in modulating synaptic plasticity and behavior. This study provides insight into how gene duplication events during evolution can produce new functional consequences.