batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Individuals with anxiety disorders display reduced resting-state heart rate variability (HRV), although findings have been contradictory and the role of specific symptoms has been less clear. It is possible that HRV reductions may transcend diagnostic categories, consistent with dimensional-trait models of psychopathology. Here we investigated whether anxiety disorders or symptoms of anxiety, stress, worry and depression are more strongly associated with resting-state HRV.
It is still a great challenge at present to combine the high rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor with the high electrochemical capacity feature of rechargeable battery in energy storage and transport devices. By studying the lithiation mechanism of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) using in-situ electron holography, we find that double charge layers are formed at the interface of the insulating Li4Ti5O12 (Li4) phase and the semiconducting Li7Ti5O12 (Li7) phase, and can greatly boost the lithiation kinetics. The electron wave phase of the LTO particle is found to gradually shrink with the interface movement, leaving a positive electric field from Li7 to Li4 phase. Once the capacitive interface charges are formed, the lithiation of the core/shell particle could be established within 10 s. The ultrafast kinetics is attributed to the built-in interface potential and the mixed Ti3+/Ti4+ sites at the interface that could be maximally lowering the thermodynamic barrier for Li ion migration.
This paper presents an innovative load management tool for a micro-grid composed by a photovoltaic (PV) system and an energy storage device installed at a residential user. The objective is to develop a suitable residential load management to maximize the PV plant exploitation through the storage system in order to achieve a greater energy independence of the micro-grid (MG) from the electric grid. For this purpose a MG dynamic model was developed in Matlab Simulink environment useful to analyse and optimize the MG energy performance. On the modelling results, through artificial neural networks (ANN) technique, a hierarchy load management that takes into account of the load demand, battery state of charge and weather forecast was defined. Specifically the aim of the ANN model here proposed is to predict the scheduling of programmable loads considering the weather conditions relative to the current day and the previous one, beyond that on the weather forecast for the day after. The obtained results, considering the relatively small dataset, are to be considered strongly encouraging. Greater performance is expected in the case the data set is enlarged.
The UK government’s CO2 emissions targets will require electrification of much of the country’s infrastructure with low carbon technologies such as photovoltaic panels, electric vehicles and heat pumps. The large scale proliferation of these technologies will necessitate major changes to the planning and operation of distribution networks. Distribution network operators are trialling electrical energy storage (EES) across their networks to increase their understanding of the contribution that it can make to enable the expected paradigm shift in generation and consumption of electricity. In order to evaluate a range of applications for EES, including voltage control and power flow management, installations have taken place at various distribution network locations and voltage levels. This article reports on trial design approaches and their application to a UK trial of an EES system to ensure broad applicability of the results. Results from these trials of an EES system, low carbon technologies and trial distribution networks are used to develop validated power system models. These models are used to evaluate, using a formalised methodology, the impact that EES could have on the design and operation of future distribution networks.
The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of organic disulfide as novel cathode materials for high specific energy, rechargeable, lithium batteries is demonstrated for the first time. The suitability of monolayer films of diphenyl disulfide (DDS) as cathode materials for facilitating reversible insertion and de-insertion of Li+ ions is examined by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and charge–discharge measurements. The SAM-based cathodes on coupling with Li-metal anodes in 0.1M LiClO4 and tetrahydrofuran (THF) show good thermodynamic feasibility along with an open-circuit voltage of 2.9V. The electrochemical capacity obtained is found, however, to fade during continuous cycling. This indicates a loss of electroactivity concomitant with the destruction of the monolayer functionalized cathode. The reasons for the coulombic efficiency of these rechargeable SAM-based cathodes are explained in terms of two different mechanistic modes of interaction of Li+ ions with the monomolecular film.
A combination of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to study a two-electrode lithium-ion cell made from electrodes from a high-rate lithium-ion battery. The cathode was LiNi0.85Co0.15O2. Both the XRD and the XAS were done in the transmission mode. XAS was done while the cell was charged at the C/2 rate to 4.5V. The near edge Co and Ni spectra (XANES) indicated that all of the charge compensation occurred on the Ni and the Co did not change its oxidation state during charge. The Co EXAFS indicated that the Co is randomly distributed in the NiO2 layers. XRD data were collected on a beam line with a position sensitive detector. Complete high quality XRD patterns could be obtained in as little as 3min. The patterns covered the range between the (003) and the (113) reflections of the cathode material and included the (002) reflection from graphite in the anode. Data were collected while the cell was cycled at rates between the C/4 and 2C rate. In all cases, at the beginning of charge, there is an initial expansion along the c-axis and a concomitant contraction along the a- and b-axes. Towards the end of charge there is a contraction along the c-axis and a slight expansion along the a- and b-axes. After high rate charges there are relaxation processes that last for a few minutes after termination of charge. The results indicate with proper choice of the active materials and electrode design lithium-ion cells can be charged and discharged at high rate with high utilization of the active material.
Objectives. To identify the features of the recovery of consciousness and higher mental function in children aged 6–17 years during the first four months after severe craniocerebral trauma (SCCT). Materials and methods. A total of 17 patients aged 6–17 years were studied after SCCT (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8). The dynamics of the recovery of consciousness were followed using the Coma Recovery Scale (CRS). Depending on the level of recovery of consciousness at four months post-trauma, children were divided into three groups: 1) seven children with complete recovery of consciousness, who achieved high levels of voluntary control sufficient for them to perform the Luriya Neuropsychological Battery underwent full neuropsychological investigation; 2) six children able to carry out simple instructions and provide Yes/No responses to questions were assessed using an adapted version of the neuropsychological diagnosis tests; 3) four children, because of low levels of consciousness and voluntary activity, were not competent for neuropsychological examination, so were assessed only on neurobehavioral scales. Results and conclusions. The most frequently encountered disorders in the early period of recovery after SCCT were impairments to executive functions and memory, along with neurodynamic mental activity. the slowest changes in the recovery of mental activity in children occurred in those with damage mainly to the frontal areas of the brain. Slow recovery of consciousness was generally accompanied by more profound primary impairments to visual object gnosis, speech, and executive functions, which were mostly seen in patients able to undergo neuropsychological investigations. Marked improvements in mental activity were combined with early appearance of behavioral reactions and rapid increases in changes in behavior.
Research examining the factors influencing selection within talented junior Rugby League players is limited. The aims of this study were firstly to determine whether differences existed for anthropometric and performance characteristics between regional and national selection in high performance UK junior Rugby League players, and secondly to identify variables that discriminated between these selection levels. Regional representative (n =1172) selected junior players (aged 13–16 years) undertook an anthropometric and fitness testing battery with players split according to selection level (i.e., national, regional). MANCOVA analyses, with age and maturation controlled, identified national players as having lower sum of 4 skinfolds scores compared to regional players, and also performed significantly better on all physical tests. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified that estimated maximum oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max ), chronological age, body mass, 20m sprint, height, sum of 4 skinfolds and sitting height discriminated between selection levels, accounting for 28.7% of the variance. This discriminant analysis corresponded to an overall predictive accuracy of 63.3% for all players. These results indicate that performance characteristics differed between selection levels in junior Rugby League players. However, the small magnitude of difference between selection levels suggests that physical qualities only partially explain higher representative selection. The monitoring and evaluation of such variables, alongside game related performance characteristics, provides greater knowledge and understanding about the processes and consequences of selection, training and performance in youth sport.
Owing to outstandingly tunable optoelectronic properties, hybrid materials consisting of atomic scale thickness of two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and one dimensional (1D) nanowires have been attracting steady interests over the last several years. In this research for the first time we report optically probing the interaction between monolayer MoS2 and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT). By using Raman and photoluminescence measurements, we found the charge transfer between MoS2 and SWCNT is sensitive to the intensity of light field. We also demonstrate that SWCNT acts as p-type dopants at physical contact with monolayer MoS2. Our study gives new insight into the interaction between monolayer MoS2 and SWCNT, which may allow new phenomena and ideas for novel low dimensional hybrid materials.
Direct current reactive sputtering deposition of ruthenium oxide thin films (bottom and top electrodes) at 400°C are performed to produce a solid-state thin-film supercapacitor (TFSC). The supercapacitor has a cell structure of RuO2/Li2.94PO2.37N0.75 (Lipon)/RuO2/Pt. Radio frequency, reactive sputtering deposition of an Li2.94PO2.37N0.75 electrolyte film is performed on the bottom RuO2 film at room temperature to separate the bottom and top RuO2 electrodes electrically. The stoichiometry of the RuO2 thin film is investigated by Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry (RBS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the as-deposited RuO2 thin film is an amorphous phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements reveal that the RuO2/Lipon/RuO2 hetero-interfaces have no inter-diffusion problems. Charge–discharge measurements with constant current at room temperature clearly reveal typical supercapacitor behaviour for a RuO2/Lipon/RuO2/Pt cell structure. Since the electrolyte thin film has low ionic mobility, the capacity and cycle performance are inferior to those of a bulk type of supercapacitor. These results indicate that a high performance, TFSC can be fabricated by a solid electrolyte thin film with high ionic conductivity.
Amorphous nickel-based hydroxides with different cation substitutions have been hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of ethylene glycol, which provides a mild environment for the gradual hydrolysis of transition metal ions, giving rise to the formation of amorphous transition metal hydroxides. The amorphous hydroxides with rich grain boundaries as electroactive sites and ion diffusion channels for facilitating charge transfer, and thus display significantly improved specific capacity and enhanced rate capability in comparison with the crystalline counterparts. In addition, the substitution of Ni ions by different transition metal ions further improves the charge storage performance of the amorphous hydroxides. As a result, an amorphous NiCo–OH exhibits the best electrochemical performance when used as electroactive battery materials. The amorphous Ni–Co hydroxide (NiCo–OH) shows specific capacities of 888 and 662 C g−1 at 1 and 50 A g−1, respectively. The performance of NiCo–OH is better than that of the other amorphous nickel-based hydroxides, including Ni, Ni–Mn, Ni–Zn and Ni–Cu amorphous hydroxides. A hybrid supercapacitor based on amorphous NiCo–OH exhibits superior electrochemical performance with high specific power density, high specific energy density and ultralong cycling lifespan.
The authors regret that the following errors were present within their article:1.The corresponding author's email address was incorrect2.Reference 4 was wrongly linked and its DOI was missing3.The chemical formula on line 4 of page 173 was separated4.The last key word needed changing from ‘cell swelling’ to ‘gas generation’5.In Table 1 the case of the word Ratio in ‘Solvents (vol. Ratio)’ and Code in ‘Colour Code’ was changed from upper to lower The corresponding author's email address was incorrect Reference 4 was wrongly linked and its DOI was missing The chemical formula on line 4 of page 173 was separated The last key word needed changing from ‘cell swelling’ to ‘gas generation’ In Table 1 the case of the word Ratio in ‘Solvents (vol. Ratio)’ and Code in ‘Colour Code’ was changed from upper to lower The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Li1−3 x Na2 x Mg x Mn0.8Fe0.2P1− x Si x O4 (x =0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16) are studied as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Na, Mg and Si can be incorporated into the structure of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 without introducing any impurity phase when x is not higher than 0.08, but NaFePO4 appears as an impurity phase when x is as high as 0.16. Charge balance is maintained in Li1−3 x Na2 x Mg x Mn0.8Fe0.2P1− x Si x O4 because the oxidation states of Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, P and Si can be considered as +1, +2, +2, +2, +5 and +4, respectively. The first charge/discharge capacity, the discharge capacity at each current density and the capacity retention upon cycling first increase and then decrease with increasing x, and the maximum values are always obtained when x is equal to 0.01. At the current density of 20 C, Li0.97Na0.02Mg0.01Mn0.8Fe0.2P0.99Si0.01O4 has a discharge capacity as high as 84mAhg−1 and 98.3% of the initial discharge capacity is retained after 100 cycles.
Recent research indicates that cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative damage in cells; however, the mechanism of the oxidative stress induced by this metal is unclear. We investigated the effects of Cd on the individual complexes of the electron transfer chain (ETC) and on the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria. The activity of complexes II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) of mitochondrial ETC from liver, brain, and heart showed greater inhibition by Cd than the other complexes. Cd stimulated ROS production in the mitochondria of all three tissues mentioned above. The effect of various electron donors (NADH, succinate, and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinol) on ROS production was tested separately in the presence and in the absence of Cd. ESR showed that complex III might be the only site of ROS production induced by Cd. The results of kinetic studies and electron turnover experiments suggest that Cd may bind between semiubiquinone and cytochrome b 566 of the Q0 site of cytochrome b of complex III, resulting in accumulation of semiubiquinones at the Q0 site. The semiubiquinones, being unstable, are prone to transfer one electron to molecular oxygen to form superoxide, providing a possible mechanism for Cd-induced generation of ROS in mitochondria.
Physical activity is a key component of exploration and development. Poor motor proficiency, by limiting participation in physical and social activities, can therefore contribute to poor psychological and social development. The current study examined the correlates of motor performance in a setting where no locally validated measures of motor skills previously existed. The development of an appropriate assessment schedule is important to avoid the potential misclassification of children’s motor performance.
Tracking a battery’s chemical and thermal states during operation offers important information on its reliability and lifetime. Here the authors develop optical fibre sensors and decouple temperature and pressure variations in the measurements inside of batteries, allowing chemical and thermal events to be monitored with high accuracy.
In Europe, agriculture on managed peat wetlands is often a balance between maximising farming production, whether hay harvest or cattle production or both, and a desire to maintain a threatened ecological landscape with its flora and fauna. Because of the large amount of carbon stored in peat soils, the management of peat wetlands to minimise the production of atmospheric greenhouse gases is also now a priority. Eddy correlation and allied radiation and soil physics measurements were made continuously over several years at a wetland meadow peat site that is subject to a water level management scheme, at Tadham Moor in the Somerset Levels and Moors, UK. These measurements provided estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and, through established models, estimates of Gross Photosynthetic Production (GPP), and separate soil and plant respiration. A relationship between depth to the water table and soil respiration was established that showed increasing ecosystem respiration with increasing depth to the water table. Annual results are presented for 2002, which also incorporate harvest and cattle carbon gains and losses. In 2002, the site had a significant loss of soil carbon of 59gCm−2 y−1 compared to the historical long-term carbon uptake of natural peat-lands. However, it is shown that the current implementation of the management scheme is ineffective in maintaining the prescribed water levels in the ditches. A consequence of this is that desired water levels in the field are not achieved. Controlling the management scheme for in-field water levels (rather than channel levels) is shown to decrease markedly the annual soil respiration and hence help to maintain the current soil carbon stocks without affecting the current farming practice.
Supercapacitors, more properly named electrochemical capacitors (EC), have a great potential in constituting the premium power reserve in a variety of energy- and power-intensive applications in transport and in electricity grids. EC may be used in conjunction with electrochemical storage systems, such as the batteries of various chemistries (lead-acid, sodium-nickel chloride or sodium-sulphur, nickel-metal hydride and even lithium-based systems), in a hybrid configuration where the functions of energy and power can be conveniently separated between the two storage devices and then optimized. Recently, an electric forklift has been commercialized with such a hybrid storage system, without any demonstrated specification of the advantages achievable with this configuration. In this article, the effective technical and economical benefits of this EC integration are theoretically and experimentally evaluated, by means of a conventional electric forklift. The reference vehicle drivetrain is modified by combining a conventional traction lead-acid battery, already used in the vehicle, and a commercial EC. The performances of the modified electric forklift are simulated with already developed vehicle and components models and validated with experimental data. Simulations and electrical tests confirm the functional relationship, expressed in exponential form, between battery lifetime and peak current and demonstrate the technical and economical potentialities of the use of these hybrid configurations, such as the increased efficiency and the prolonged battery life (more than doubling the life of the battery without EC), due to the reduced battery operating stress, and an economical saving (about 30 %), able to compensate initial extra-costs for vehicle modification and battery replacement.
The prediction of electricity consumption is a vital foundation for smart energy management. Since the consumption of power varies with different appliances, better forecasting of power and peak demand is an essential accomplishment for the proper planning and development of the power generation and distribution system. This forecast analysis helps the service providers and the government to understand the lifestyle of the customers. The existing prediction and forecasting models are not meeting the standard requirements and moreover difficult to apply in practice. The forecast says that the boom of electric vehicles will increase the demand of electricity globally by 3% for the upcoming year. There exists a number of machine learning algorithms for classification and decision making. But the accuracy of the exiting methods have shown inferior performance in terms of prediction which leads to inefficient decision making in the quantity of electricity generation. This paper proposes the use of random forest supervised learning model to forecast the consumption of power and identify the level of peak demand. The large smart meter dataset collected at varying seasons of the year is fed to the random forest classifier technique for better analysis and forecasting. This approach outperforms in terms of accuracy, stability and generalization. In addition, this paper investigates the existing models and compares the performance with those models. The performance analysis shows that this model performs better than the other investigated models with performance accuracy of 95.67% and enhanced accuracy of precision and recall.
ABSTRACT An inexpensive, facile galvanic displacement reaction for the direct growth of silver–copper (Ag-Cu) catalysts on nickel foams is developed for the first time. The resulting Ag-Cu catalysts exhibit dendritic morphologies. Ag and Cu atoms are in their metallic state while the presence of CuO and Cu2O are limited on the surface of catalyst. The catalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution, as evaluated by both linear scanning voltammetry and rotating disk electrode polarization measurements. The ORR catalysed by Ag-Cu catalyst in alkaline solution proceeds through a four-electron pathway. An air cathode is fabricated using Ag-Cu catalyst as a carbon-free, binder-free catalyst layer. Using this Ag-Cu catalyst based air cathode, both the primary and rechargeable zinc-air batteries show excellent battery performance. The specific capacity of the primary zinc-air battery is 572mAhg−1. Especially, the rechargeable zinc-air battery shows high round-trip efficiency, appealing stability at a long charge-discharge cycle period.