batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This article presents an extensive evaluation which analyzes the contribution of several control methods to decreasing the energy consumption associated with heating and cooling of buildings and the contribution of the local energy production to minimizing energy costs in nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB). A set of three heating and cooling control methods is mixed with a set of cost-based optimum allocation of on-site energy production using linear programming, variable indoor temperature setpoint for following the production curve and a battery storage system. When designing nZEBs, the aim is not only to reduce the energy consumption, but also to reduce the lifecycle costs, and a big part of them is associated with energy needed for heating and cooling. nZEBs are supposed to have local renewable energy generation, which must be consumed in a cost optimal way for keeping the total lifecycle costs low. This research helps nZEB design collectives to assess the opportunity of implementing controls as the ones described in this study and policy makers to extrapolate the results and estimate how the energy consumption reduction targets can be reached by implementing such technologies. The analysis of the control strategies is made based on real buildings located in Bucharest, Romania.
The hierarchical MoS2/carbonaceous materials composites have received considerable interest for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In the present work, the hierarchical MoS2@RGO nanosheets, where ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets perpendicularly anchor on both sides of RGO, are successfully synthesized by a new route. Such hybrid structures not only improve the conductivity of the hybrid structure and effectively prevent the aggregation of MoS2 nanosheets, but also maximize the MoS2 loading in the MoS2@RGO composites to be over 92%. The formation process for the hierarchical MoS2@RGO nanosheets is also investigated. When evaluated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the hierarchical MoS2@RGO nanosheets deliver an excellent cycling performance and a high specific capacity of 420 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The strategy can be used to prepare other hierarchical metal sulfides@RGO nanosheets as high performance anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
The advent of time-of-use (TOU) household electricity prices provides an opportunity for large lithium ion batteries to become a component of residential electrical power equipment for either storage or cogeneration. This project investigates household power use and cogeneration scenarios combined with lithium ion battery technology via simulation. The simulation treats transient battery charge and discharge based on electrochemical fundamentals. The analysis of both storage and cogeneration systems containing a batteries serves to demonstrate economic advantages of these types of power storage, as well as to identify size, materials, and performance criteria suitable for designing a lithium ion battery unit meeting real application demands.
Asymmetric Zn-air battery is an ideal power source because of its high voltage and powder density. Acidic active bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst determines the performance of asymmetric Zn-air battery greatly. Here, an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst is synthesized through the loading of coordination compound modified polyoxometalate on rice paper derived nitrogen doped carbon paper. This elctrocatalyst exhibits three-dimensional network with bulky appearance, which can be employed as air cathode in asymmetric Zn-air battery directly. In acidic electrolyte, it oxygen reduction reaction completes through a typical four-electron process. In oxygen evolution reaction, its overpotential is only 359 mV. With this electrocatalyst as air cathode and Zn plate as anode, an asymmetric Zn-air battery is assembled. The open circuit voltage of this battery is 2.09 V. Its peak power density achieves 349 mW cm−2. When discharge at 20 mA cm−2, its specific energy density reaches 1009 Wh·kg−1. Furthermore, this battery keeps stable in long time charge-discharge experiments. This asymmetric Zn-air battery is superior to traditional Zn-air battery in both charge and discharge process. This work describes an efficient acidic active bifunctional electrocatalyst to construct asymmetric Zn-air battery with high voltage and powder density.
We examined hippocampal activation in schizophrenia (SZ) with fMRI BOLD in response to the presentation of novel and familiar scenes. Voxel-wise analysis showed no group differences. However, anatomical region-of-interest analyses contrasting normal (NL), SZ-on-medication (SZ-ON), SZ-off-medication (SZ-OFF) showed substantial differences in MTL-based novelty responding, accounted for by the reduction in novelty responses in the SZ-OFF predominantly in the anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. These differences in novelty-based activation in the SZ-OFF group represent disease characteristics of schizophrenia without confounding effects of antipsychotic medication and illustrate the tendency of antipsychotic drug treatment to improve memory functions in schizophrenia.
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) tested six Saft America HP-12 (Generation 2000), 12-Ah lithium ion cells to evaluate cycle life performance as a power assist vehicle battery. The cells were tested to investigate the effects of temperature on capacity and power fade. Test results showed that five of the six cells were able to meet the power assist power and energy goals at the beginning of test and after 300,000 cycles using a battery size factor (BSF) of 44.3 cells. The initial static capacity tests showed that the capacities of the cells were stable for three discharges and had an average of 16.4Ah. All the cells met the self-discharge goal, but failed to meet the cold cranking goal. As is typical for lithium ion cells, both power and capacity decreased during the low-temperature thermal performance test and increased during the high-temperature thermal performance test. Capacity faded as expected over the course of 300,000 life cycles and showed a weak inverse relationship to increasing temperature. Power fade was mostly a result of cycling while temperature had a minor effect compared to cycle life testing. Consequently, temperature had very little effect on capacity and power fade for the proprietary G4 chemistry.
Polypyrrole is one of the most important conductive polymers because it is easily oxidized, water soluble and commercially available. Also, polypyrrole coatings have potential applications in batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, anti-corrosion coatings and drug delivery systems. In this study, a very thin gold layer was first coated on SS316L, and then a polypyrrole coating was laid on top. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of polypyrrole on the gold-coated SS316L were studied by electrochemical nucleation and growth techniques. SEM was used to characterize the polypyrrole coating morphology. Potentiodynamic tests were performed to determine the corrosion parameters of the polypyrrole coatings. Potentiostatic tests of the coated SS316L were conducted in simulated anode and cathode environments of a PEM fuel cell. The simulated anode environment was at a potential of about −0.1V versus SCE purged with H2 and the simulated cathode environment was at a potential of about 0.6V versus SCE purged with O2. After coating with Au and polypyrrole, the polarization resistance of SS316L is increased about six times, and the corrosion current density is decreased about seven times, compared to the base SS316L. Also, our calculations show that the metal ion concentration in solution for the polypyrrole/Au/SS316L had met the target of 10ppm after 5000h fuel cell operation.
The wetting time of porous electrodes with electrolytes based on organic solvents and ionic liquids, respectively, was investigated with two different techniques: with a tensiometer and by impedance spectroscopy. The results of this study showed that the wetting time of a porous electrode with ionic liquid-based electrolytes is up to 20 times longer than that with electrolytes comprising organic solvents. A significant reduction in the wetting time with ionic liquid-based electrolytes could be achieved by adding organic solvents. This effect can be explained by the interplay of reduced viscosity, increased surface tension and change in contact angle caused by the addition of the organic solvent, with the lower viscosity being the main driver of improved wetting kinetics.
The use of commercial 316L stainless steel as a simple, stable and competitive oxygen-evolution electrode in alkaline media for aqueous lithium–air batteries has been studied. In addition to the electrochemical characterization, the electrode was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and elemental analyses via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The spontaneous formation of a catalytic film, during the aging test, gives rise to interesting electrode performances. Indeed, this film, containing a large part of nanocrystalline nickel oxides (83 at% of cationic composition), catalyzes the oxygen evolution reaction via two phenomena: an increase of the roughness of the electrode surface and a hypo–hyper d interbonding effect, due to the presence of well dispersed additives of Fe and Cr in the film.
The effect of La/Ce ratio on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the La0.7−x Ce x Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x =0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) alloys has been studied systematically. The result of the Rietveld analyses shows that, except for small amount of impurity phases including LaNi and LaNi2, all these alloys mainly consist of two phases: the La(La, Mg)2Ni9 phase with the rhombohedral PuNi3-type structure and the LaNi5 phase with the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. The abundance of the La(La, Mg)2Ni9 phase decreases with increasing cerium content whereas the LaNi5 phase increases with increasing Ce content, moreover, both the a and cell volumes of the two phases decrease with the increase of Ce content. The maximum discharge capacity decreases from 367.5mAhg−1 (x =0.1) to 68.3mAhg−1 (x =0.5) but the cycling life gradually improve. As the discharge current density is 1200mAg−1, the HRD increases from 55.4% (x =0.1) to 67.5% (x =0.3) and then decreases to 52.1% (x =0.5). The cell volume reduction with increasing x is detrimental to hydrogen diffusion D and accordingly decreases the low temperature dischargeability of the La0.7−x Ce x Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5 (x =0.1–0.5) alloy electrodes.
In developing countries, energy is recognized to be essential for promoting equitable growth, fostering social inclusion and preserving the environment. Nevertheless, the current state of the energy sectors of developing countries still represents a major hindrance to the fulfillment of this goal. In this frame, electrical energy storage may allow a cost-effective exploitation of renewable sources in order to cope with the improvement of the power supply service via local national grids, but mainly it may become a building block of rural electrification through integration within off-grid systems. This paper focuses on electrical energy storage in sub-Saharan Africa providing an overview of the main aspects of this theme. Indeed, the specific features of the power sector in sub-Saharan Africa are analyzed about the framework of application of electrical energy storage. The typical technologies implemented in this context and the status of the market as well as of the economic models to support the diffusion of storage together with renewable energy technologies are highlighted. Moreover, an overview of technical aspects such as storage capacity sizing and interface converters for integration with renewables are described. Finally, an experimental application of a hybrid micro-grid in rural Tanzania is presented. With this paper, our aim is to provide an overall view, within the main technical and non-technical aspects, of electrical energy storage in a context – sub-Saharan Africa – which has a huge potential, both in market terms, but also with regards to the possibility to develop and implement alternative technical solutions which may be integrated in the power systems of high income countries as well.
Social movements carry out extensive character work, trying to define not only their own reputations but those of other major players in their strategic arenas. Victims, villains, and heroes form the essential triad of character work, suggesting not only likely plots but also the emotions that audiences are supposed to feel for various players. Characters have been overlooked in cultural analysis, possibly because they often take visual, non-narrative forms. By focusing on characters within movements, we illuminate some cultural dilemmas that both organizers and their opponents face as they try to influence players’ reputations.
The objective was to determine if 3-axis accelerometers could be used to predict daily activity for cattle grazing rangeland. There were 48 Hereford × Angus 2-yr-old low- or high-residual feed intake (LRFI or HRFI) cows used in this 2-yr trial. Cattle grazed in 4 pasture treatments consisting of continuously grazed, control (CCON); continuously grazed, supplemented (CTRT); rotationally grazed, control (RCON); and rotationally grazed, supplemented pastures (RTRT). Three LRFI- and 3 HRFI-collared cows in each treatment had accelerometers mounted for 29 d in 2016 and 45 d in 2017, beginning mid-October. Grazing time (GT), resting time (RT), and walking time (WLK) were obtained for each cow by direct observation over 3 d each year and compared with accelerometer predicted behavior. In 2016, 1.6% of the days were rejected for halter-mounted accelerometers and 3.6% were rejected in 2017 for collar-mounted accelerometers. The GT and RT were more accurately predicted than was WLK with the percentage error of predicted against observed data being 11.94% for RT, 13.51% for GT, and 30.13% for WLK in 2017. Less observation data were available in 2016, but when considering other sampling periods for the same cows and halters, the error rate was 15.1% for RT, 19.3% for GT, and 52.6% for WLK. The accelerometers successfully identified patterns of grazing behavior and differentiated among climatic, grazing system, supplementation status, and residual feed intake classification influences on GT, RT, and WLK. In a more moderate climate year, HRFI cattle appeared to rest less (P < 0.08) and walk more (P < 0.07) than LRFI cattle. Similar patterns were observed for cattle in the CCON versus CTRT treatments, with supplemented cattle resting more (P < 0.05) and walking less (P < 0.05). Accelerometers appear to be effective in determining mechanistic adaptations in grazing behavior by beef cattle on range.
This paper examines human-nonhuman splices from a multidisciplinary approach, involving bioengineering and literary studies. Splices are hybrid beings, created through gene-splicing—a process which combines the DNA of the two species, resulting in a hybrid or chimeric being. A current trend in biotechnological research is the use of spliced pigs for xenotransplantation. Hiromitsu Nakauchi’s pancreas study that splices pigs with human iPS [induced pluripotent stem] cells in order to grow human organs inside pigs is being compared to a highly similar case of porcine hybrids: the pigoon from Margaret Atwood’s fictional MaddAddam trilogy. Atwood’s pigoons are pigs, genetically modified with human stem cells to facilitate the growth of various human organs for use in organ transplants with no risk of rejection. The case studies from science and science fiction overlap significantly and thus allow for a critical reading of the two highly different sources with a focus on ethical and moral questions regarding the use and abuse of nonhuman animals for human purposes. Furthermore, the context of the fictional works adds new layers of knowledge and new perspectives to the problematic issue of animal “enhancement.” Through the dynamic agency that can be detected within Atwood’s novels and that encompasses human, animal, and hybrid agency, the reader can develop empathy for other-than-human experiences and use this new perspective for a critical reflection of actual technoscientific developments that affect both human and nonhuman animal life. The combination of the two discourses reveals a value of science fiction for both the scientific community and society at large, demonstrating how its critical reception can result in enhanced ethical standards.
Objectives Patient-reported seizure frequency is essential for therapy management and clinical research but lacks validity mainly due to seizure-induced seizure unawareness. Automated seizure detection by mobile monitoring devices promises to settle this serious methodological issue. Here, we explored attitudes and preferences towards future devices for seizure detection in adult patients with therapy-refractory epilepsies. Methods A total of 102 inpatients enrolled and underwent a newly constructed semistructured 30-minute interview on automated seizure registration. Results Most patients would generally apply and permanently use seizure registration devices. Removable devices were preferred (e.g., wristband sensors), but also patch electrodes at invisible body sites appeared acceptable. Only a minority of patients would accept implantations for seizure registration (especially of depth electrodes). Also, permanent optical or acoustical surveillance were accepted by a few patients only. Most patients were ready to care for the device (e.g., charging battery), to have doctor's appointments for device control, and even to pay for the device. Seizure prediction was evaluated as an essential additional function. Only half of the patients wanted emergency calls in case of a seizure. Significance Patients would accept automated seizure registration if the device had as little as possible negative effect on daily living. High acceptance might, therefore, be expected for hardware equipment as it is nowadays used by many healthy subjects for physiological self-monitoring and life-logging. The proper medical engineering task of the future, therefore, is to optimize sensors in those highly feasible devices and to establish reliable biomarkers and outcome measures for a diversity of diseases (including epilepsy) from data obtained by this generic hardware.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at highly concentrated aqueous solution undergoes radiation crosslinking reaction by ionizing irradiation. It is assumed that this radiation-induced reaction takes place by the indirect effect of water radiolysis, especially through the OH radical. However, the reaction mechanism is not well known. In this topic, ESR spectra of CMC radicals formed by reaction with OH radicals were measured directly in aqueous solution to identify the initially formed radical site. The ESR spectra were observed successfully and were interpreted as the overlapping of two spectra; a Triplet×Doublet spectrum and a Doublet spectrum. Each spectrum was assigned to radicals located on carboxymethyl groups linked to C6 and C2/C3.
Although photographic assessment has been found to be reliable in assessing hair loss in Trichotillomania, the validity of this method is unclear, particularly for gauging progress in treatment. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of photographic assessment of change in Trichotillomania. Photographs showing hair loss of adults with Trichotillomania were taken before and after participating in a clinical trial for the condition. Undergraduate college students (N = 211) rated treatment response according to the photos, and additional archival data on hair pulling severity and psychosocial health were retrieved from the clinical trial. Photographic assessment of change was found to possess fair reliability (ICC = 0.53), acceptable criterion validity (r = 0.51), good concurrent validity (r = 0.30–0.36), and excellent incremental validity (ΔR2 = 8.67, p < 0.01). In addition, photographic measures were significantly correlated with change in quality of life (r = 0.42), and thus could be considered an index of the social validity of Trichotillomania treatment. Gender of the photo rater and pulling topography affected the criterion validity of photographic assessment (partial η2 = 0.05–0.11). Recommendations for improving photographic assessment and future directions for hair pulling research are discussed.
Technology diffusion is an important area of academic research. Diffusion studies are valuable in shedding light on success factors, and provide learning points for businesses seeking to launch products or services into an uncertain market. This paper reviews the recent diffusion literature and highlights the limitations associated with retrospective population models of diffusion that tend to emphasize success and innovation whilst ignoring diffusion failure or ‘re-invention’. The paper argues that the focus on single artifacts or products rather than a bundle of technologies or services is unhelpful, particularly where complex products and services are concerned. Key variables are drawn from the literature to assess the diffusion of new technologies and services, and three cases are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of these variables in wireless technology applications: in agriculture, mobile payments, and telecare.
Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source. Research has suggested that functional abnormalities in tinnitus patients involve auditory as well as non-auditory brain areas. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) to the auditory cortex, has demonstrated modulation of brain activity to transiently suppress tinnitus symptoms. Targeting two core regions of the tinnitus network by tES might establish a promising strategy to enhance treatment effects. This proof-of-concept study aims to investigate the effect of a multisite tES treatment protocol on tinnitus intensity and distress. A total of 40 tinnitus patients were enrolled in this study and received either bifrontal tDCS or the multisite treatment of bifrontal tDCS before bilateral auditory cortex tRNS. Both groups were treated on eight sessions (two times a week for 4 weeks). Our results show that a multisite treatment protocol resulted in more pronounced effects when compared with the bifrontal tDCS protocol or the waiting list group, suggesting an added value of auditory cortex tRNS to the bifrontal tDCS protocol for tinnitus patients. These findings support the involvement of the auditory as well as non-auditory brain areas in the pathophysiology of tinnitus and demonstrate the idea of the efficacy of network stimulation in the treatment of neurological disorders. This multisite tES treatment protocol proved to be save and feasible for clinical routine in tinnitus patients.