batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Two highly active mud volcanoes located in 990–1,265 m water depths were mapped on the northern Egyptian continental slope during the BIONIL expedition of R/V Meteor in October 2006. High-resolution swath bathymetry and backscatter imagery were acquired with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-mounted multibeam echosounder, operating at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data allowed for the construction of ~1 m pixel bathymetry and backscatter maps. The newly produced maps provide details of the seabed morphology and texture, and insights into the formation of the two mud volcanoes. They also contain key indicators on the distribution of seepage and its tectonic control. The acquisition of high-resolution seafloor bathymetry and acoustic imagery maps with an AUV-mounted multibeam echosounder fills the gap in spatial scale between conventional multibeam data collected from a surface vessel and in situ video observations made from a manned submersible or a remotely operating vehicle.
High performance hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3 (H-LNVP) composite consist of rhombohedral Li3V2(PO4)3 (60.9%), rhombohedral Na3V2(PO4)3 (31.6%) and monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 (7.5%) is successfully synthesized via a sol-gel method. The rhombohedral phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3 (R-LNVP) is also obtained for comparison. The H-LNVP delivers better electrochemical performance, higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and more stable structure than that of R-LNVP duo to the existence of small amount monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3. For the synthesised H-LNVP, there are 123.3mAhg-1 that can be delivered at 0.5C rate as cathode and 128.4mAhg-1 that can be delivered at 0.2Crate as anode. On this basis, a LNVP||LNVP lithium ion full cell is fabricated, with an output output potential of ∼2.48V and a specific discharge capacity of 99.3mA hg−1.
The ability to produce low-cost, hierarchically-structured and nanopatterned inorganic materials could potentially revolutionize the way we fabricate photovoltaic, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices. In nature, many organisms carry out the hierarchical assembly of metal oxide materials through cellular and biochemical processes that replicate periodic micro- and nanoscale features by a bottom-up approach at ambient conditions. For example, single-celled algae called diatoms produce a nanostructured amorphous silica skeleton called a frustule. The insertion of other metal oxide materials such as titanium or germanium dioxide into the nanostructure of the diatom frustule could potentially be utilized to fabricate new dye-sensitized solar cells, nanostructured battery electrodes, and electroluminescent display devices. The exploitation of diatom nanobiotechnology for the development of novel device concepts in these areas is overviewed.
Li-rich layered oxides have been regarded as valuable cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. However, high initial irreversible capacity, bad rate capability, as well as serious capacity fading and voltage decay hinder their commercial application. In this paper, a nano CoF2 protective layer is coated on the surface of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 via a facial wet chemistry method. A high initial discharge capacity of 264.4 mAh g−1 is obtained for 0.5% CoF2-coated sample and 259.1 mAh g−1 for 1% CoF2-coated sample owing to the suppression of irreversible release of O2 and the contribution of electrochemical conversion of CoF2/LiF. Furthermore, 1% CoF2-coated sample exhibits the excellent rate capability of 167.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C rate, the superior cycling stability with the capacity retention of 241.0 mAh g−1 and the ameliorative voltage drop of 0.312 V at 0.1C after 100 cycles. The enhanced rate performance as well as stability of capacity and voltage can be attributed to the nano coatings which inhibit the electrolyte-electrode side reaction, enhance the electrochemical kinetics and mitigate structure transition from layered to spinel phase.
Over the last 40 years mankind has been facing new types of radiochemical environmental settings with every decade. During the last decade, biomonitoring was additionally focused on assessing associations between environmental exposure(s) and both early and late biological effects in children. Despite efforts to control and avoid child exposure to genotoxic agents the incidence of childhood cancers is increasing. Some cancers in adulthood may be the consequence of a multi-step process which starts with intrauterine and childhood exposure. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive interpretation of multiple health effects, especially considering recent studies suggesting that most health disorders are related to DNA changes. When exposed to genotoxic agents, a developing organism (fetus or child) is constantly being forced to reorganize into new equilibriums in order to adjust to a xenobiotic environment. In addition, the influence of sex hormones on radiochemical sensitivity is still unknown. For this reason special attention should be paid to puberty. The results of recent studies on animal models and follow up studies on children after nuclear accidents show long-lasting cytogenetic damage even after low dose exposures and their transgenerational persistance. To evaluate age-related difference and transplacental genotoxic potency fluconazole (FC) was investigated by in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay in adult mice, young mice and in transplacentally exposed newborn pups. Compared to the baseline values, FC caused no detectable genome damage in adult animals, but there was a significant increase in MN frequency in young animals and in newborn pups. Our study thus exemplifies an age-related chemosensitivity, and argues that cancer-promoting disturbances of complex prenatal developmental mechanisms and maturation during childhood require a new approach using systems biology.
Natural polymers are particularly interesting due to their richness in nature, very low cost and principally biodegradation properties. For these reasons different solid polymeric electrolytes (SPE) have been obtained using cellulose derivatives, starch, chitosan and rubber. This work presents the results of gelatin-based protonic SPEs, which were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ionic conductivity results obtained for these SPEs were 4.5×10−5 S/cm and 3.6×10−4 S/cm at room temperature and 80°C, respectively. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity measurements were taken to analyze the mechanism of ionic conduction in polymer electrolytes. Good conductivity results combined with transparency and good adhesion to the electrodes have shown that gelatin-based SPEs are very promising materials to be used as solid electrolyte in electrochromic devices.
ABSTRACT Thermoelectric generators (TEG) produce electric power from exhaust waste heat and support the battery charging of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), resulting in fuel efficiency improvements. During the Hi-CEPS EU Project, the potential of TEGs for HEV is evaluated. A detailed model of a TEG is developed and experimentally validated. A reduced model is implemented in a detailed HEV simulator developed under the LMS.IMAGINE.Lab AMESim® platform to investigate thermal engine warm up. Using the models validated, simulations are achieved for different driving cycles and ambient temperatures. Based on the results, the relevance of TEG technology is assessed, notably for gasoline engine applications.
Strategic remembering emerges gradually during the preschool years. Socialization practices, specifically mother–child social interactions, might provide the foundation for the development of skills necessary for effective organization of information in memory. In the current study, 48 mothers and their 40-month-olds were engaged in the process of remembering (i.e., study and recall) categorically related picture stimuli in a laboratory context. Children’s recall was reliably predicted by the way in which mothers structured both the study and recall periods of the deliberate memory task. Specifically, maternal verbal and physical behaviors that focused on organization of items, such as sorting items into distinct groups and providing the name of a category, were most beneficial in supporting children’s memory. Moreover, some mothers employed a number of different mnemonic techniques that emphasized categorical connections among items, suggesting systematic approaches in the manner in which mothers help children to learn effective ways of remembering.
Studies have shown that the temperature of the electrolyte solutions in the vanadium redox flow battery (VFB) has a significant impact on the battery performance. In this paper, a thermal model for the VFB has been developed on the basis of the conservation of energy to predict the battery temperature as a function of time under different operating conditions and structure designs. Simulations of battery and electrolyte temperature at both constant and varying environmental temperatures show that the presenting model is able to effectively forecast the fluctuation of the battery temperature in the presence of different charge and discharge currents. As expected, increasing current or reduced flow rate will increase the stack and electrolyte temperature. Thermal properties of the tank material and its surface area can however be adjusted to optimize heat transfer to the atmosphere to reduce overheating. This model can be employed to develop a model-based control system which will manage the electrolyte temperature in the optimal range. Further possible improvements to the model are also discussed.
Objectives To explore, identify and understand the contribution that biomedical and psychosocial factors make to the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children and youth with epilepsy using the CHEQOL-25. Methods We identified and measured variables that may influence HRQL; grouped the variables into four conceptual categories; and used simple and hierarchical linear regressions to model CHEQOL-25 as a function of these variable groupings. Participants were 8-15year olds with epilepsy and their parents. Results 131 child and parent pairs participated. Overall, the unique variances associated with the biomedical and psychosocial variables are R2 =0.22 and 0.29, respectively, for child self-reported HRQL and R2 =0.11 and 0.13, respectively, for parent-proxy report. Conclusions This study increases our understanding of factors that contribute to the expression of HRQL in this population. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size and large number of variables.
Intellectual impairment in addition to memory problems in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been postulated to be a result of a mental decline caused by chronic epilepsy. Longer duration, however, is often confounded with earlier age at onset of epilepsy (AOE). IQ and memory were evaluated in 188 patients (age>16) with TLE with an AOE before age 14 (N =91) or after age 15 (N =97). Earlier AOE did not differentially affect memory aspects more associated with temporomesial structures, but it negatively affected IQ and aspects of memory that are more related to temporolateral and extratemporal lobe structures. As earlier AOE was also associated with lower educational levels and because one may not assume that these are lost with chronicity of epilepsy, the results can be interpreted as reflecting developmental hindrance of extratemporal lobe functions in early-onset TLE rather than cognitive decline due to a longer duration of epilepsy.
Understanding dendrite formation is key to advancing high-energy-density and safe metallic lithium batteries. With the help of cryogenic electron microscopy, heat is now suggested to play a crucial role in stabilizing lithium metal electrodes by suppressing dendrite growth.
Copper oxide (CuO) is a favorable material for photovoltaic application where lattice defects/distortions play a significant role for shaping its optical and several other physical properties. In this study, pristine and lithium (Li) substituted CuO nanoparticle (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 mol% of Li) have been prepared via an eco-friendly and cost-effective sol–gel method and a systematic study on the effect of Li ion substitution has been drawn. The Rietveld refinement results confirmed the Li ion substitution obsessed structural alteration from monoclinic to tetragonal symmetry (C2/c → I4/mmm). It was observed that the C2/c and I4/mmm synchronized phases continues up to 7%. Such structural alteration leads to fascinating optical properties due to destruction of parent phase. Moreover, lithium cations inhibit the crystal growth, which created various types of vacancy/defect states that essentially need to be investigated using SEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the native lattice alterations brought by size misalliance amid the host [Cu2+ (0.73 Å)] and the dopant [Li + (0.76 Å)] and the presence of oxygen vacancies created via Li substitution in CuO also results in the increment of deep level emission in photoluminescence spectra. The obtained results confirmed that Li ion substitution remarkably enhance optical properties, making such materials promising for device applications.
Biochars were produced from softwood chips (spruce–fir mix) and hemp stalk biomasses in an in-house-developed microwave pyrolysis reactor. A kilogram batch raw biomass mixed with 10 wt% microwave absorber was pyrolyzed at 60-min residence time. Microwave power levels were set at 2100, 2400, and 2700 W with optimum heating rates ranging 25–50 °C/min. The proximate analysis indicated a progressive gain in biochar carbon content with power level increase. Both biochars showed a H:C ratio of < 1.2 with a graphite-like structure, which is an important observation for their potential use as a filler in bio-composites structural strength increase. Fourier Transfer Infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed a major loss of functional groups as the power level increased. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and porosity distribution contained higher volume of smaller pores in the hemp biochar. The char hardness and Young’s modulus, obtained via nanoindentation technique and load–depth curve analysis, indicated that hemp biochar possessed a higher Young’s modulus and lower hardness than softwood chip biochar.
Presymptomatic individuals carrying the gene for Huntington’s disease (HD) provide researchers with a unique opportunity of learning more about the neuropathophysiology, symptom onset, behavioural functioning, and mediating factors of this fatal disease. In this review, we attempt to demonstrate that research over the last 8 years, since the isolation of the gene, has remained at large controversial. Although we are aware of some of the factors that can influence age at onset and disease progression, we are still unable to determine exactly when an individual will develop HD symptoms, and how fast these symptoms will progress. In an era rapidly advancing with respect to therapeutic intervention that could forestall the onset and progression of HD, systematic research with improved inclusion criteria is paramount. A greater understanding of the time course of the disease would be beneficial not only in monitoring the effectiveness of future treatments, but also in determining the most appropriate time to administer them. Finally, we present various ethical considerations, as well as put forward various recommendations that could assist in better diagnosing preclinical deficits in presymptomatic individuals.
Objective Schizophrenia is associated with reduced cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF), and impaired cognition is a core feature of the disorder. Despite their particular significance to schizophrenia disparately, the relationship between these two variables has not yet been thoroughly assessed. In this study we aimed to investigate naturally occurring associations between CRF and all cognitive domains within this patient population. Method Eighty outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in the study. Neurocognition was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale version 4 General Ability Index (WAIS GAI) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Oxygen uptake was measured directly by analyzing O2 and CO2 content in expired air during a maximum exercise session on a treadmill using a modified Balke protocol. Clinical symptom load was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sex and age, and negative psychotic symptom levels. Results CRF explained a significant 8.2% and 9.1% of the variance in general intellectual ability and state-sensitive cognitive functioning respectively, beyond the impact of negative psychotic symptom load. Conclusion The study indicates a direct relation between CRF and cognition in schizophrenia. Impaired cognition is a difficult-to-treat expression of the disorder, and identifying modifiable factors possibly mediating cognition, such as CRF, is of great clinical value.
The effects of internal electrolyte resistance on the acceptance and delivery of charge by a series of 3 V, non-aqueous, double-layer capacitors have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and dc charging/discharging procedures conducted at different rates. The data obtained enable Ragone plots to be constructed for the performance of the capacitor modules. A series of four capacitor modules have been constructed using 2000 m2 g−1 carbon and containing tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in dry propylene carbonate as electrolyte at four concentrations: 1.0, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.08 M. The lower concentrations are chosen to introduce electrolyte starvation deliberately and thus to be able to investigate the effects of such conditions on the discharge/recharge behaviour of the capacitor modules. In dilute solutions, electrolyte starvation can become enhanced on charge by redistribution of cations and anions of the electrolyte due to adsorption of the ions at respective negative and positive surfaces of the capacitor electrode matrices, from the electrolyte bulk. The magnitude of such effects depends on the adsorption charge capacity in relation to the total electrolyte ion concentrations available in the device and to the potential attained at the termination of charging.
Sled towing has been shown to be an effective method to enhance the physical qualities in youth athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-week sled towing intervention on muscular strength, speed and power in elite youth soccer players of differing maturity status.
This paper is about the relationship between nature conservation in theory and nature conservation in practice. I argue that in theory nature conservation is concerned with revealing presence and rendering the present eternal. In practice, the spaces and times of conservation are less clear. Conservationists work with matters of concern that are neither self-evident nor unproblematically co-present. Presence has to be made and re-made. These matters of concern, like rare species, do not always announce themselves to political ecology and they do not always perform to type. Such difficulties are analysed through discussion of practical work conducted in a UK city with field ecologists and nonhuman inhabitants. It is argued that a careful political ecology is one that is intent on making spaces for others that are not simply about presence, inclusion or accumulation. It also involves uncertainties, precautionary measures and looser forms of assemblage.
Pure monoclinic Li3M2(PO4)3 (M: Fe, V) powders (<1μm in diameter) were obtained by an original route that involved initial homogenization of precursors in aqueous solution followed by slow evaporation and annealing under controlled atmosphere at moderate temperatures. The crystal structure of Li3V2(PO4)3 was determined for the first time through Rietveld refinements of neutron diffraction data. As for Li3Fe2(PO4)3, Li is distributed within three crystallographic sites, fully occupied at room temperature. The values of the temperature factors on Li(2) and Li(3) sites (five-fold coordination) were found significantly higher than that of Li(1) (four-fold coordination). Li3V2(PO4)3 shows four reversible redox phenomena upon insertion of two Li+ (V3+/V2+ couple), at 1.98, 1.88, 1.73 and 1.70V vs. Li. By comparison, Li3Fe2(PO4)3 shows two reversible redox phenomena upon insertion of two Li+ (Fe3+/Fe2+ couple), at 2.88 and 2.73V vs. Li. Experimental capacities close to the theoretical ones were obtained after optimal composite electrode preparation through ball-milling. In situ X-ray diffraction showed very minor changes from Li3M2(PO4)3 to Li5M2(PO4)3. Additionally, Li is extracted from Li3V2(PO4)3 towards V2(PO4)3 (V4+/V3+ and V5+/V4+ couples) through four redox phenomena at 3.59, 3.67, 4.06 and 4.35V vs. Li. Despite all these phase transitions, the [M2(PO4)3] framework is remarkably stable on cycling, particularly for M: Fe, while partial vanadium dissolution into the electrolyte occurs either on deep reduction to 1.5V or deep oxidation to 4.6V vs. Li.
Supercapacitors (SCs) have shown great promise as a possible solution to the increasing world demand for efficient energy storage. Two types of mechanisms for SCs exist (double-layer and pseudocapacitive), and each type utilizes a wide variety of materials. In this review, a detailed overview of the mechanisms employed by SCs is provided in the introduction, and many studies are compared in order to determine which materials produce electrodes with high capacitance and cyclability in SCs, and to summarize and gauge the state of such research. The types of materials looked at include graphene and graphene nanocomposites, activated carbons from renewable materials, conducting polymers, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Additionally, different methods of activation that are meant to increase specific capacitance are examined. Among the dozens of materials found in the literature during this study, the ones that exhibited the highest specific capacitances are rGO/PANI (Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline), and PANI-NFS/GF (Polyaniline Nanofiber Sponge Filled Graphene Foam) demonstrated impressive performances. These materials all exceeded the current expectations of SCs by remarkable amounts, and more research into similar materials is highly encouraged. As more fundamental studies carried out for understanding the mechanisms of SCs, energy density and specific capacitance values continue to improve. Production of SCs from renewable materials encourage optimism for environmentally friendly options soon becoming feasible for use on larger scales.
Do you know what constitutes hazardous waste and how to dispose of it correctly? Mhari Coxon RDH discusses waste segregation and management in dentistry.
TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) are considered as a potential SEI-free anode material for Li-ion batteries to offer enhanced safety. Organic solutions, dominatingly ethylene glycol (EG)-based, have widely been used for synthesizing TiO2 NTs via anodization because of their ability to generate long tubes and well-aligned structures. However, it has been revealed that the EG-produced NTs are composited with carbonaceous decomposition products of EG, release of which during the tube crystallization process inevitably causes nano-scale porosity and cracks. These microstructural defects significantly deteriorate the NTs' charge transport efficiency and mechanical strength/toughness. Here we report using ionic liquids (ILs) to anodize titanium to grow low-defect TiO2 NTs by reducing the electrolyte decomposition rate (less IR drop due to higher electrical conductivity) as well as the chance of the decomposition products mixing into the TiO2 matrix (organic cations repelled away). Promising electrochemical results have been achieved when using the IL-produced TiO2 NTs as an anode for Li-ion batteries. The ILNTs demonstrated excellent capacity retention without microstructural damage for nearly 1200 cycles of charge–discharge, while the NTs grown in a conventional EG solution totally pulverized in cycling, resulting in significant capacity fade.