batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Feedback from the industrial stake holders indicates that soft skills such as communication, teamwork and independent learning are required from the graduates in addition to good technical competency. Traditional curriculum delivery through lectures, assignment and projects does not provide adequate opportunity and avenue for students to develop their soft skills. Innovation on the traditional curriculum delivery is required to make learning more interesting and provide opportunity for development of soft skills. The department of chemical and process engineering (JKKP), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia has been organizing Chem–E-Car competition since 2005 where student's participation is not mandatory and typically involves 2nd and 3rd year students. Students are given full freedom to choose their team member, to select the type of fuel or propulsion system and design their cars. These activities were carried out over a period of one and half month culminated with the Poster Presentation and Car competition. The top three teams that emerge winners from this competition represent UKM at the national level Chem-E-Car competition, an annual event organized by The Institution of Engineers Malaysia. The Chem-E-Car competition has been observed to provide opportunity for students to develop their soft skills such as team work, independent learning and communications. Thus, JKKP decided to formalize this event and integrated it into curriculum delivery as early as the first year through The Introduction to Chemical and Biochemical Engineering course beginning at the 2007-2008 academic year. This paper highlights the implementation on Chem-E-Car as part of the learning activities and the impacts on the students in their effort to achieve the learning outcomes. Over that past two academic sessions, the students have shown serious commitment and participation in this activity. The Chem-E-Car competition provides excellent opportunity for students to develop their soft skills.
This paper presents a fine particle emission profile for a large metallurgical coke production facility. The profile is developed from highly time-resolved, ambient air quality measurements made at a fence line site adjacent to the plant. A fence line approach was employed because the coke plant has hundreds of stacks and other emission points, making it difficult to develop an integrated, facility-wide emission profile using stack sampling techniques. Continuous or semi-continuous measurements of PM2.5 mass, PM10 mass, SO2, NO x , organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), particle size and number, 11 trace metals, wind direction and wind speed were made. Background pollutant levels were also measured. A combination of highly time-resolved meteorology and air quality data were used to determine when the coke facility emissions influenced the sampling site. Concentrations for most pollutants at the fence line site were one to two orders of magnitude higher than background levels when the facility plume heavily influenced the fence line site. Highly time-resolved measurements are essential to resolve these relatively short-duration, large spikes in pollutant concentrations. Simply measuring wind direction is insufficient. From these highly time-resolved measurements an average PM2.5 emission profile for the coke facility was developed. The profile is dominated by OC (40%±9% of PM2.5 mass emissions) and EC (25%±5% of PM2.5 mass emissions). Significant contributions of certain trace metals were also observed, including As, Zn, Se, and Pb. The particle emissions are dominated by the fine fraction, with PM2.5 estimated to contribute 84%±14% of the PM10 mass.
We report on the capacity fading mechanism of Li-ion batteries consisting of a graphite negative electrode and an olivine LiFePO4 positive electrode during long-term cycling. Laminated pouch type 1.5 Ah full cells are cycled 1000–3000 times at a rate of 4C and the full cells exhibit capacity losses of 10–15%. Half-cell study after full cell disassembly, using degraded electrodes, shows that considerable capacity loss occurs for the negative electrode even at low rates, but the total rate performance of the negative electrode is relatively better than that of the positive electrode. The initial capacity of the positive electrode is largely recovered under low rate conditions (0.1–0.5C), whereas a decline in the reversibility is observed at higher rates (1–5C). Loss of the active lithium source from the system is proposed as a primary source of capacity fading for the full cells. This loss is attributed to a change of the solid electrolyte interface during cycling as well as physical deterioration of the negative electrode due to the intrinsic volume change of the graphite electrode. On the other hand, the increased electrode resistance in the positive electrode is suggested to be the root cause of power fading.
Condition monitoring (CM) of wind turbine blades has significant benefits for wind farm operators and insurers alike. Blades present a particular challenge in terms of operations and maintenance: the wide range of materials used in their construction makes it difficult to predict lifetimes; loading is stochastic and highly variable; and access can be problematic due to the remote locations where turbines are frequently located, particularly for offshore installations. Whilst previous works have indicated that Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers are viable devices for measuring the vibrations from which diagnostic information can be derived, thus far there has been no analysis of how such a system would be powered. This paper considers the power requirement of a self-powered blade-tip autonomous system and how those requirements can be met. The radio link budget is derived for the system and the average power requirement assessed. Following this, energy harvesting methods such as photovoltaics, vibration, thermal and radio frequency (RF) are explored. Energy storage techniques and energy regulation for the autonomous system are assessed along with their relative merits. It is concluded that vibration (piezoelectric) energy harvesting combined with lithium-ion batteries are suitable selections for such a system.
Periodic arrays of n-GaAs nanowires have been grown by selective-area metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition on Si and GaAs substrates. The optical absorption characteristics of the nanowire-arrays were investigated experimentally and theoretically, and the photoelectrochemical energy-conversion properties of GaAs nanowire arrays were evaluated in contact with one-electron, reversible, redox species in non-aqueous solvents. The radial semiconductor/liquid junction in the nanowires produced near-unity external carrier-collection efficiencies for nanowire-array photoanodes in contact with non-aqueous electrolytes. These anodes exhibited overall inherent photoelectrode energy-conversion efficiencies of ∼8.1% under 100 mW cm−2 simulated Air Mass 1.5 illumination, with open-circuit photovoltages of 590 ± 15 mV and short-circuit current densities of 24.6 ± 2.0 mA cm−2. The high optical absorption, and minimal reflection, at both normal and off-normal incidence of the GaAs nanowire arrays that occupy <5% of the fractional area of the electrode can be attributed to efficient incoupling into radial nanowire guided and leaky waveguide modes.
The purpose of the project was to see if there are differences in genetic variation among The Seeing Eye's breeds—golden retrievers (GR), German shepherds (GS), and Labrador retrievers (LR)—and to study whether differences in genetic variation are associated with selection response in the trainability score. Earlier studies indicated that the selection response in the trainability score was lowest in the GR population, which was the smallest of the 3 breeding populations at The Seeing Eye. Eighty blood samples from each of the 3 breeds at The Seeing Eye were analyzed for genetic variation using a battery of 20 microsatellites. The overall number of alleles varied from 7 to 16 for the microsatellites, and the overall heterozygosity was around 0.6. The average estimated within-breed heterozygosity was relatively similar in the analyzed LR and GR dogs, but it was significantly lower in the selected GS dogs. The studies of general genetic variation in these breeding populations did not support that the reason for a lower selection response in the GR was a result of low genetic variation. The study shows that surveillance of genetic variation in working dogs can add important information that can support breeding programs. When breeding for quantitative traits in dogs, it may be advantageous to survey genetic variation periodically to be sure that the level of genetic variation is not reduced.
In this study, carbon-encapsulated Li4Ti5O12 particles are prepared by a facile carbon formation strategy. Under the thermal hydrolysis of acetate in Ar atmosphere, Li4Ti5O12 particles are uniformly coated by amorphous carbon layer with the thickness of 4–6nm. The electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12@C are characterized as high rate anode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrochemical results show that Li4Ti5O12@C can respectively deliver the reversible lithium storage capacities of 155.0, 134.7 and 60.3mAhg−1 at 20, 600 and 1500mAg−1 in a narrow working window of 1.0–2.0V. Cycled in a broad potential range of 0.5–2.0V, Li4Ti5O12@C remains the reversible charge capacities of 158.2, 134.5 and 114.7mAhg−1 at 20, 600 and 1500mAg−1 with capacity retentions of 91.5%, 97.5% and 100%, respectively. Even working between 0.0 and 2.0V, Li4Ti5O12@C can still display outstanding electrochemical properties with the reversible capacities of 220.2, 200.6 and 205.1mAhg−1 at 20, 600 and 1500mAg−1.
All-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using LiCoO2 particles coated with amorphous Li2O–TiO2 films as an active material and Li2S–P2S5 glass-ceramics as a solid electrolyte were fabricated; the electrochemical performance of the batteries was investigated. The interfacial resistance between LiCoO2 and solid electrolyte was decreased by the coating of Li2O–TiO2 films on LiCoO2 particles. The rate capability of the batteries using the LiCoO2 coated with Li2Ti2O5 (Li2O·2TiO2) film was improved because of the decrease of the interfacial resistance of the batteries. The cycle performance of the all-solid-state batteries under a high cutoff voltage of 4.6V vs. Li was highly improved by using LiCoO2 coated with Li2Ti2O5 film. The oxide coatings are effective in suppressing the resistance increase between LiCoO2 and the solid electrolyte during cycling. The battery with the LiCoO2 coated with Li2Ti2O5 film showed a large initial discharge capacity of 130mAh/g and good capacity retention without resistance increase after 50 cycles at the current density of 0.13mA/cm2.
The increasing potential of wearable electronics has been motivating the development of self-powered devices to overcome the restriction imposed by conventional power supply. Herein, a kind of highly electronegative and conducting material of MXene nanosheet has been innovatively integrated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for electrospinning nanofibers film to fabricate flexible all-electrospun triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Silk fibroin (SF) was chosen for electrospinning nanofibers film to serve as electron donor for TENG with great triboelectricity and biocompatible nature. The MXene-based all-electrospun nanogenerator shows excellent stability and durability as well as extraordinary electrical performance, which supports an instantaneously maximum peak power density of 1087.6 mW/m2 as the load resistance is 5.0 MΩ. Moreover, beyond harvesting electrical power, the fabricated TENG was utilized for real-time monitoring various types of body motion. Lastly, we used the developed TENG to power electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) chip to actuate droplet transport. Considering the excellent triboelectric performance, ease of large-scale manufacturing, and environmental friendliness, this MXene-based all-electrospun TENG provides a promising solution for developing practical, flexible, and self-powered electronic devices.
Electrochemical lithiation of Co2MnSi with a Heusler structure is investigated as a candidate negative electrode (anode) material for secondary lithium batteries. The electrode maintains a reversible discharge capacity of 112mAhg−1 for 50 cycles when cycled between 0.01 and 3V. It is proposed that the lithiation mechanism consists of two steps. Co2MnSi transforms to Heusler-type Li2MnSi during the first charge cycle and subsequent charge–discharge cycles involve the formation of a solid solution in Li x MnSi. The latter compound maintains its structural integrity throughout cycling to provide steady cycling behaviour. Magnetic measurements are also employed to substantiate further the structural changes during electrochemical cycling.
Electrochemical sensors and supercapacitors are two noteworthy applications of electrochemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of SnFe2O4 microcubes and Fe2O3 nanorods through a facile microwave assisted technique which are employed in fabricating the electrodes for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor and supercapacitor applications. SnFe2O4 microcubes exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance of 172Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5mVs−1 in comparison to Fe2O3 nanorods (70Fg−1). Furthermore, the H2O2 sensing performance of the fabricated SnFe2O4 electrodes through chronopotentiometry studies in 0.1M PBS solution (at pH 7) with a wide linear range revealed a good sensitivity of 2.7mVμM−1 μg−1 with a lowest detection limit of 41nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. These results indicate that SnFe2O4 microcubes are excellent materials for the cost effective design and development of efficient supercapacitors as well as nonenzymatic sensors.
Power control algorithms are an important consideration in mobile ad hoc networks since they can improve network capacity and lifetime. Existing power control approaches in ad hoc network basically use deterministic or probabilistic techniques to build network topology that satisfy certain criteria (cost metrics), such as preserving network connectivity, minimizing interference or securing QoS constraints. In this paper, we will provide a survey of the various approaches to deal with power control management in mobile ad-hoc wireless networks. We will classify these approaches into five main approaches: (a) Node-Degree Constrained Approach, (b) Location Information Based Approach, (c) Graph Theory Approach, (d) Game Theory Approach and (e) Multi-Parameter Optimization Approach. We will also focus on an adaptive distributed power management (DISPOW) algorithm as an example of the multi-parameter optimization approach which manages the transmit power of nodes in a wireless ad hoc network to preserve network connectivity and cooperatively reduce interference. We will show that the algorithm in a distributed manner builds a unique stable network topology tailored to its surrounding node density and propagation environment over random topologies in a dynamic mobile wireless channel.
Transition metal oxides compositing with carbon materials have been developed as the potential anodes for lithium ion batteries, however, some expensive carbon resources and complex preparation steps have limit their practical application. To overcome these issues, herein a dandelion-like manganese multiple-oxides with simple fiber carbon was synthesized using simple carbon made from filter paper. From the microscopy observation, the morphology of as-prepared material both include the dandelion-like three-dimensional nanospheres and needle-type manganese oxides onto a carbon fiber substrate. When applied as the anodes, the fiber carbon-based manganese oxides electrode present an initial capacity of 1172.66 mAh g−1 discharged at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and maintain over 900 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Meanwhile they display excellent cycling stability at 0.5 A g−1 and 1A g−1 after 500 cycles. Actually the integrated three-dimensional nanostructure with fiber carbon as a stable skeleton enables fast transfer of electrons and ions, thus contributing to excellent electrochemical conductivity and admirable cycle stability. We provide a simple and practical method for manufacturing high performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries, especially in industrial use.
Little is known about the neurochemical pathology of vascular dementia (VD); it was suggested that cholinergic mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of VD, as well as been established for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A recently devised test of motor cortex excitability, the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), has been proven to depend upon the activity of cholinergic circuits in the human brain. To evaluate, in vivo, the functional role of the cholinergic system in the cognitive dysfunction associated with VD, we used this test in 20 patients with subcortical ischemic VD (SIVD) and in 25 control subjects. Mean SAI was significantly reduced in the SIVD patients; however, individual data varied widely, with SAI responses ranging from normal to markedly reduced values. These findings provide physiological evidence for an important role for cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of VD. The evaluation of SAI, similar to that described in AD patients, could help in identifying those patients who are more likely to respond to treatment with cholinergic drugs.
Infectious diseases remain the world’s top contributors to death and disability, and, with recent outbreaks of Zika virus infections there has been an urgency for simple, sensitive and easily translatable point-of-care tests. Here we demonstrate a novel point-of-care platform to diagnose infectious diseases from whole blood samples. A microfluidic platform performs minimal sample processing in a user-friendly diagnostics card followed by real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) on the same card with pre-dried primers specific to viral targets. Our point-of-care platform uses a commercial smartphone to acquire real-time images of the amplification reaction and displays a visual read-out of the assay. We apply this system to detect closely related Zika, Dengue (types 1 and 3) and Chikungunya virus infections from whole blood on the same pre-printed chip with high specificity and clinically relevant sensitivity. Limit of detection of 1.56e5 PFU/mL of Zika virus from whole blood was achieved through our platform. With the ability to quantitate the target nucleic acid, this platform can also perform point-of-care patient surveillance for pathogen load or select biomarkers in whole blood.
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is an important risk factor in the development of children that can have a significant academic and social impact. This reinforces the need for its timely identification using appropriate assessment methods and accurate screening tests. The commonly used standardized motor test for the DCD identification is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Test (M-ABC Test) (Henderson & Sugden, 1992). The aim of the present study was to examine if the M-ABC Test can be considered to be the “gold standard” for the motor assessment of children with the aforementioned disorder. For that purpose, a critical review of the extant literature regarding M-ABC Test's psychometric properties was conducted. Neither the test manual nor the studies reviewed provide support for the reliability and validity of the M-ABC Test results in children with DCD. Until sufficient evidence for its technical adequacy is accumulated, the M-ABC Test should not be used in isolation for children with DCD.
Ni-based LiNi(1−x−y)Co x Al y O2 (NCA) and LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode materials taken out of lithium-ion cells after storage for 2 years at 45 °C were analyzed by various spectroscopic techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibited that there was no difference between NCA and LCO. On the other hand, scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy-loss spectroscopy demonstrated there was a remarkably large difference between the two cathode materials. Ni-L2,3 energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) spectra of the NCA showed a peak at about 856.5 eV, which was assigned to trivalent nickel, was maintained even after storage, indicating that the NCA had no significant change in its surface structure during storage. On the other hand, in the Co-L2,3 ELNES spectra of the LCO a peak at about 782.5 eV, which was assigned to trivalent cobalt, significantly shifted to the lower energies after storage. These results suggest that crystal structure change of the active material surface is a predominant reason of deterioration during the storage test.
SUWIC’s unique mobile metals emissions monitoring laboratory has been used to measure metal pollutant spikes in the flue gas from a municipal solid waste incinerator, prior to gas clean-up. The laboratory has a heated sampling probe that extends into the plant, allowing the simultaneous on-line measurement of the concentrations of more than 30 metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP–OES). As little is known about temporal variation in metal concentrations, this capability is seen as a major advance. The graphs of continuous measurements show that the elemental loading is far from uniform, and that concentrations fluctuate far more than may have been conventionally expected. There are occasional significant spikes in the emission profiles for cadmium and mercury, which are believed to be due to specific items in the waste feed material. Continuous monitoring measurements are of significant value for those seeking to model metal behaviour in combustion and in pollution control devices.
The conversion of soluble cerium redox species in the zinc-cerium redox flow battery and other electrochemical processes can be carried out at planar and porous platinised titanium electrodes. The active area, current density, mass transfer coefficient and linear electrolyte flow velocity through these structures have a direct influence on the reaction yield and the relationship between cell potential and operational current density during charge and discharge of a flow battery. A quantitative and practical characterization of the reaction environment at these electrodes is required. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k m A e has been calculated for diverse electrode structures from limiting current measurements for Ce(IV) ion reduction in a laboratory, rectangular channel flow cell. This factor can be used to predict fractional conversion and required electrode dimensions. Platinised titanium felt shows superior k m A e values compared to other materials and is a practical, high performance electrode for the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) ion redox reaction.
The active hybridization technique provides an effective approach to combining the best properties of a heterogeneous set of power sources to achieve higher energy density, power density and fuel efficiency. Active hybrid power sources can be used to power hybrid electric vehicles with selected combinations of internal combustion engines, fuel cells, batteries, and/or supercapacitors. They can be deployed in all-electric ships to build a distributed electric power system. They can also be used in a bulk power system to construct an autonomous distributed energy system. An important aspect in designing an active hybrid power source is to find a suitable control strategy that can manage the active power sharing and take advantage of the inherent scalability and robustness benefits of the hybrid system. This paper presents an agent-based power sharing scheme for active hybrid power sources. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed agent-based power sharing scheme, simulation studies are performed for a hybrid power source that can be used in a solar car as the main propulsion power module. Simulation results clearly indicate that the agent-based control framework is effective to coordinate the various energy sources and manage the power/voltage profiles.