batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
There is a deficiency of research looking at how rates of comorbid psychopathology are effected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual functioning level. The present study aimed to extend the literature in this area by evaluating how ASD and IQ scores are related to ratings on a measure of comorbid symptoms. Twenty-three children with ASD and 87 children without ASD participated in this study. Rates of tantrum behavior, avoidant behavior, worry/depressed, repetitive behavior, under-eating, over-eating, and conduct behavior were examined utilizing the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Children (ASD-CC). Correlational and multiple regression analyses were then conducted. ASD diagnosis significantly predicted rates of tantrum behavior, avoidant behavior, and repetitive behavior. Children with ASD tended to have higher rates of all three of these comorbid symptoms than children without ASD. Although not statistically significant, there was a negative correlation between IQ and rates of comorbid symptoms, such that children with higher IQ scores tended to have lower rates of comorbid symptoms. The implications of these findings on assessment and intervention are discussed.
A carbon-coated composite consisting of Sn, SnO2, and porous carbon-nanofiber membrane (Sn⿿SnO2⿿CNF@C) was successfully prepared via electrospinning followed by carbonization and low-temperature hydrothermal treatment. The thickness of the carbon overlayer formed by using sucrose as the carbon source could be well controlled by adjusting the sucrose concentration. The three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber network structure allowed the Sn⿿SnO2⿿CNF@C membrane to be used directly as an anode in lithium-ion batteries without adding any polymer binders or electrical conductors. The composite electrodes of this material exhibited a high discharge capacity of 712.2mAhg⿿1 at a high current density of 0.8Ag⿿1 after 200 cycles, as well as good cycling stability and excellent rate capability, which can be ascribed to the improved electrochemical properties of the Sn⿿SnO2 particles provided by the protective carbon coating and the 3D carbon nanofiber membrane. The composite can thus be widely used as an advanced binder-free anode material in high-current rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and extended to the fabrication of flexible electrodes.
Résumé Cet article résume le mémoire intitulé : « La batterie de décision visuelle d’objets, test du stock structural dans les gnosies visuelles » soutenu par Régine Crété, orthoptiste, lors de la validation du diplôme universitaire de neuropsychopathologie des apprentissages scolaires. Il s’agit de l’étalonnage, auprès d’enfants de 3 à 8ans, du test de batterie de décision visuelle d’objets (BDVO), portant sur les gnosies visuelles ou, plus précisément, sur une étape du traitement de l’image qui concerne plus particulièrement les orthoptistes : le stock structural (ou stock en mémoire pour les formes connues). Dans le modèle séquentiel du traitement de l’image, il se situe au niveau de l’étape cognitive qui succède aux étapes sensorielle et perceptive explorées par le bilan orthoptique. Ce test, rapide à faire passer, s’avère être un bon outil d’investigation, mais également un moyen de transmission des données recueillies. L’objectif est de favoriser la coordination des soins thérapeutiques et/ou palliatifs ; de mieux comprendre l’enfant, son refus de regarder, son comportement insolite, parfois inquiétant pour son entourage.
This study examines various design strategies which can be used in distance learning. Today, learning-teaching theories emphasize ‘learning’ so distance education has been affected and ‘distance learning’ concept has begun widely used. Distance learning has included different emerging media such as computer, intranet and internet because of rapid change and widespread use of technology. Electronic learning environments allow learners to access information from anywhere and anytime. Nowadays, this change means accessing information from everywhere and every time with become widely available of mobile devices. As the results of these changes, we need to blend various learning environments to design the future of distance learning in which learners can decide what to learn, where and how to learn in respect of their request and individual differences.
A reverse micelles method is used in the synthesis of manganese carbonate. The use of cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide surfactant and hexanol cosurfactant allows the preparation of a new monodispersed form of MnCO3. Particles with a regular shape and ca. 200nm edges are observed by electron microscopy. The electrochemical reaction with lithium of the manganese carbonate leads to the formation of the manganese metal and lithium carbonate as the main side product, which yields higher capacity than graphite and good capacity retention. Submicron MnCO3 could replace other more toxic and expensive anodes used in recent commercial Li-ion products.
A novel free-standing Na4Mn9O18/reduced graphene oxide (NMO-RGO) composite was successfully prepared by a facile vacuum filtration technique. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed formation of a film with needle-like Na4Mn9O18 homogeneously distributed and anchored on the RGO matrix. A sodium rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery with this novel cathode and zinc anode was first investigated and reported. The NMO-RGO film delivered a reversible discharge capacity of about 83 mAh g−1 when cycled galvanostatically at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, which was for about 78% higher than that of Na4Mn9O18 prepared by a slurry casting technique. This significant enhancement of electrochemical properties of NMO-RGO was due to the presence of graphene sheets in this free-standing composite cathode. These sheets form an agile substrate with a high conductivity to guarantee a successive electronic conduction channels in the electrode. In the same time, such composition and structure enables accommodation of the volume changes of Na4Mn9O18 during sodium insertion-extraction.
The importance of Ni-based batteries in the present context is extremely valuable, as their electrochemical properties are expected to offer significant insights into their application as battery materials. In this direction, Ni(OH)2 has been prepared using the co-precipitation method by varying the concentrations of zinc additive (2, 4, 6 & 8wt%) and pH (8, 9, 10 & 11). The results show that the prepared samples exist in β-phase with flake like structure. The electrochemical properties of b-Ni(OH)2 have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements using a paste-type electrode on a nickel mesh as a current collector. The cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the reversibility of the electrode reaction increases at pH 10 and 6% Zn additive. Whereas, the EIS measurements reveal that a reduction in the charge transfer resistance increases the double layer capacitance of the nickel electrode.
This work explores an enhanced magnetic spring based energy harvester design that uses a dual-mass and a geometrically nonlinear mechanical planar spring as a route to significantly improve power metrics of traditional magnetic spring based energy harvesters. Prototypes of the enhanced harvester are constructed and characterized experimentally. Nonlinear dynamical models of the harvester are developed and validated against experimental data. Additionally, prototypes of the commonly studied magnetic spring based energy harvesters are constructed, characterized, and modeled. Results show excellent agreement between model simulations and experimental data. Results show that the enhanced harvester significantly outperforms the commonly studied magnetic spring based vibration energy harvesters, especially at low acceleration levels. The enhanced harvester generates 1.97 [mW/cm3 g2] at 0.4 g [m/s2] which is approximately 400% the amount of power generated by the traditional magnetic spring based harvester, i.e. 0.5 [mW/cm3 g2]. Additionally, the half-power frequency bandwidth of the enhanced harvester is 90% wider compared to the traditional harvester. At lower acceleration, i.e. 0.1 g [m/s2], the enhanced harvester exhibits 4000% increase in power metrics compared to the traditional harvester. This makes the presented enhanced harvester design exceptionally suitable for applications where low acceleration oscillations are abundant including harvesting vibrations from highway bridges and human body motion.
Active material blended electrodes, comprised of physical mixtures of two or more lithium insertion compounds, can have superior balanced performance compared to electrodes with an individual active compound. Due to their high complexity, a good understanding of blended electrodes is still lacking, including their electrolyte/electrode interfacial kinetics, which is a key factor for determining battery service life, safety, and power performance. In this paper, a comprehensive study of the interfacial impedance in Si-alloy/graphite blended electrodes is presented through experiment and theory. Experiments were conducted by the characterization of symmetric cells by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. An inhomogeneous transmission line model (ITLM) was developed to investigate this binary system on a large scale. Both experimental and theoretical results show that adding a small proportion of low interfacial impedance particles can suppress interfacial impedance growth in blended electrodes.
This Review outlines the main ethical and legal issues surrounding informed consent for the insertion, removal, and deactivation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The authors also provide an overview of current guidelines for communication with and involvement of patients and next of kin throughout the decision-making process.
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) are considered as next generation energy storage systems. A model might be very useful, which describes all contributions to the internal cell resistance, enables an optimization of the cell design, and calculates the performance of an open choice of cell architectures. A newly developed one-dimensional model for ASSBs is presented, based on a design concept which employs the use of composite electrodes. The internal cell resistance is calculated by linking two-phase transmission line models representing the composite electrodes with an ohmic resistance representing the solid electrolyte (separator). Thereby, electrical parameters, i.e. ionic and electronic conductivity, electrochemical parameters, i.e. charge-transfer resistance at interfaces and lithium solid-state diffusion, and microstructure parameters, i.e. electrode thickness, particle size, interface area, phase composition and tortuosity, are considered as the most important material and design parameters. Subsequently, discharge curves are simulated, and energy- and power-density characteristics of all-solid-state cell architectures are calculated. These model calculations are discussed and compared with experimental data from literature for a high power LiCoO2-Li10GeP2S12/Li10GeP2S12/Li4Ti5O12-Li10GeP2S12 cell.
The effect of the lithium perchlorate concentration in sulfolane (in the range from 0.1M to 2.8М) on the performance of lithium-sulfur cells is studied. It is shown that the concentration of lithium perchlorate in sulfolane considerably affects the depth of electrochemical reduction of sulfur, the reactivity of lithium polysulfides, and the coulomb efficiency of cycling of lithium-sulfur cells. The maximum depth of electrochemical reduction of sulfur is reached at the concentration of lithium perchlorate in sulfolane of 1.0M, while the minimum depth is reached at 2.8М. The depth of electrochemical reduction of sulfur is limited by the number of free solvent molecules. An increase in the concentration of the support salt results in an increase in the coulomb efficiency of cycling of lithium-sulfur cells. At concentrations of the support salt above 2.4М, the coulomb efficiency of cycling of lithium-sulfur cells is close to 100%. We believe that the concentration of support salts affects the species of lithium polysulfides, their association-dissociation equilibria in electrolyte solutions and the processes of solvation of lithium ions contained in lithium polysulfides and support salts, and thus determines the performance of lithium-sulfur cells.
We investigate the local structural changes in a positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) as the active material) associated with charge–discharge cycling at elevated temperatures by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). STEM–EELS spectral imaging reveals the evolution of a NiO-like phase localized near the surface and grain boundary regions after many cycles. The amounts of capacity fading and resistance increase are discussed based on the results of the semiquantitative estimation of NiO-like and other product phases. We also identify the chemical state of lithium in the NiO-like phase substituting for Ni.
There is a perceived tradeoff between the ease of measuring alcohol in the body and the accuracy of the result. Direct tests of blood alcohol concentrations are considered the most accurate, desktop stationary breath testers based on electro-chemical infra-red technology are slightly less accurate, but accepted for evidentiary purposes in most jurisdictions, and quick portable breath testers based on fuel-cell technology are the easiest to administer but not acceptable in many courts. This study compared the accuracy of an evidentiary portable breath tester and an evidentiary desktop breath tester relative to blood alcohol concentrations. Inverse regressions were used to obtain confidence limits for the alcohol levels as read by the breath testers that would provide tradeoffs of false positives and false negatives for three levels of confidence: 95%, 96%, and 98%; corresponding to false positive values of 2.5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. A decision tree model is offered for the optimal use of the three measures, so that portable breath testers can be sufficient for high level BrAC, stationary breath testers can be sufficient for medium level BrAC, and blood tests are recommended for still lower BrACs. The model provides quantitative BrAC threshold levels for the two most common BAC levels used to imply DWI: 50mg/dl and 80mg/dl.
Biomass materials have attracted much attention in the functional composites, due to the bio-mesopores structure, recyclability and electrochemical properties. Herein, a two-step route for manufacturing the mushroom-derived carbon/Co3O4 functional composite (MC/Co3O4-FC) has been developed, based on carbonizing mushroom and ultrasonic coating Co3O4. The experimental results indicate that MC/Co3O4-FC has bio-mesopores structure and the sizes of pores are between 3.0 nm and 6.5 nm. In addition, the specific surface area of MC/Co3O4-FC is 122.4 m2 g−1. As an anode material, the MC/Co3O4-FC shows a reversible capacity of 528.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, about twice as well as MC (~262 mAh g−1). Even at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1, the discharge capacity of MC/Co3O4-FC also can reach to 260 mAh g−1. The good electrochemical performances can be imputed to the bio-mesopores structure and synergistic effect between MC and Co3O4 particles. Furthermore, a solid electrolyte of polymer (instead of the liquid electrolyte) has been also prepared to improve the safety performance and electrochemical performances (298 mAh g−1).
The absence of clean electricity in Tunisia means a large number of people who are deprived of much needed socioeconomic development. However, wind and solar radiation are two renewable energy resources that are abundantly available in Tunisia. Although, it is not feasible for these two resources separately to meet high electricity demands, hybrid applications can be the best way to get over this weakness. This paper investigated the potential operation of Hybrid Energy System (photovoltaic (PV)/wind turbine/diesel system with batteries storage in the northernmost city in Africa, city of Bizerte in Tunisia. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable simulation software was used to simulate and optimize the technical-economic feasibility of the system. There were several system configurations with and without battery storage elements which will be studied and analyzed. The simulations will be focused on the net present costs, levelized cost of energy, produced excess electricity and the reduction of CO2 emission for the given hybrid configurations. Moreover, the comparison between the economic viability of the stand-alone and the grid-connected HES will be discussed.
The paper presents a full cost-benefit analysis of a deposit–refund program for beverage containers in Israel. We examine all cost elements of the program – storage, collection, and treatment costs of empty containers, and all potential benefits – savings in alternative treatment costs (waste collection and landfill disposal), cleaner public spaces, reduction of landfill volumes, energy-savings externalities associated with use of recycled materials, and creation of new workplaces. A wide variety of data resources is employed, and some of the critical issues are examined via several approaches. The main finding of the paper is that the deposit–refund program is clearly economically worthwhile. The paper contributes to the growing body of literature on deposit–refund programs by its complete and detailed analysis of all relevant factors of such a program, and also specifically in its analysis of the savings in alternative waste management costs. This analysis reveals greater savings than are usually assumed, and thus shows the deposit–refund program to be highly efficient.
Breastfeeding has been associated with an advantage to infant neurobehavioral development, possibly in part due to essential nutrients in breast milk. However, breast milk may be contaminated by environmental neurotoxicants, such as methylmercury. In the Faroe Islands, where maternal consumption of pilot whale may cause transfer of marine toxicants into breast milk, a cohort of 1022 consecutive singleton births was generated during 1986–87. Methylmercury exposure was assessed from mercury concentrations in cord blood and in the hair of the child at age 12 months, and the duration of breastfeeding was recorded. At approximately 7 years of age, 917 (90%) of the children underwent detailed neurobehavioral examination. After adjustment for confounders, breastfeeding was associated with only marginally better neuropsychological performance on most tests. These associations were robust even after adjustment for cord-blood and hair mercury concentration at age 1 year. Thus, in this cohort of children with a relatively high prenatal toxicant exposure and potential exposure to neurotoxicants through breast milk, breastfeeding was associated with less benefits on neurobehavioral development than previously published studies though not associated with a deficit in neuropsychological performance at age 7. Although the advantage may be less, Faroese women can still safely breastfeed their children.
The orphan GPCR MrgE is one of an extended family of GPCRs that are expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Based on these expression patterns it has been suggested that GPCRs like MrgE may play a role in nociception however, to date, no direct supporting evidence has emerged. We generated mutant mice lacking MrgE and examined the effects of deletion of this gene in three pain behavioural models. The effect of MrgE gene deletion on expression of Mrgs and genes involved in sensory neurone function was also investigated.
Mechanical alloying and annealing at 1023 K for 0.5 h under an argon atmosphere were used to prepare Ti2Ni-based nanocrystalline alloys and their nanocomposites. Ti2Ni alloy was chemically modified by Pd and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. An objective of the present study is to provide data on hydrogenation properties of Ti2Ni-based alloys and compounds containing Pd and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Alloys and composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an electron energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy to evaluate phase composition, crystal structure, grain size, particle morphology and distribution of catalyst element. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties and hydriding kinetics of materials were measured using a Sievert's apparatus. Hydrogenation properties of nanostructured Ti2Ni-based alloy and Ti2Ni-based nanocomposites were compared with those of the binary Ti2Ni compound. In present work we shown how mechanical alloying method and chemical modification by Pd and MWCNTs affected hydrogen storage properties of Ti2Ni alloy. The highest hydrogen capacity obtained for nanostructured Ti2Ni + Pd alloy equaled 2.1 wt.%. Up to our knowledge it is the highest hydrogen storage capacity obtained so far for Ti2Ni-based materials.
Considerable evidence suggests that circadian rhythmicity is progressively disrupted in senescence. Among clock genes, Period3 (PER3) has been associated with circadian phenotypes, homeostatic regulation of sleep, and cognitive performance in young adults. However, the effects of PER3 genotype on aging-related changes in both cognitive function and cortical integrity remain largely unknown. To shed light into this issue, we have investigated differences in cognitive performance, patterns of cortical thickness, and cortical glucose consumption in normal elderly subjects homozygous carriers of the short (PER34/4, n = 32) and long repeat alleles (PER35/5, n = 32). Relationships between cognitive performance and cortical thickness/metabolism were further explored for each PER3 genotype. We found that PER35/5 carriers had poorer cognitive performance (attention, executive function, semantic memory, and verbal fluency) and lower cortical integrity (structural and functional) than PER34/4. PER35/5 further showed thinning of temporo–parietal areas, and reductions of glucose consumption in fronto–temporo–parietal regions bilaterally. Moreover, PER35/5 subjects exhibited significant correlations between decreased glucose metabolism in fronto–parietal regions and poorer cognitive flexibility, though only correlations with lower glucose consumption of the supramarginal gyrus distinguished PER35/5 from PER34/4 groups. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding on the gene–brain interaction in aging, and may have further implications for the detection of subclinical cognitive decline associated with PER3 genotypes in late life.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex is built up with both nucleus- and mitochondrion-encoded subunits. Biogenesis and assembly of the complex thus requires fine cross-talk between the two compartments. In order to shed light on the regulation of nuclear–mitochondrial interactions, we studied the expression of COXIII (mitochondrion-encoded) and COXIV (nucleus-encoded) in adult rat tissues and rat developing brain. We found that the levels of COXIV protein and mRNA are not linearly related, thus suggesting a post-transcriptional mode of regulation. In agreement with this observation, we report the presence of a protein that specifically binds to the 3′-untranslated region of COXIV mRNA. This factor, that forms with RNA a complex of about 60 kDa, is present both in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, where its concentration decreases throughout development with inverse correlation with COXIV accumulation. Interestingly, using an antibody raised in our laboratory, we found that, in developing rat brain, COXIII does not localize exclusively to mitochondria, but is also present in the cytosol, where it could exert a yet unknown regulatory role.