batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Current methods for identifying patients with pain hypersensitivity are sufficiently complex to limit their widespread application in clinical settings. We assessed the reliability and validity of a simple multi-modal vibrotactile stimulus, applied using an electric toothbrush, to evaluate its potential as a screening tool for central sensitization.
Sustainable batteries call for the development of new eco-efficient processes for preparation of electrode materials based on low cost and abundant chemical elements. Here we report a method based on bacterial iron biomineralization for the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 and its subsequent use as a conversion-based electrode material in Li batteries. This high-yield synthesis approach enlists (1) the room temperature formation of γ-FeOOH via the use of an anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1 and (2) the transformation of these BoFeN1/γ-FeOOH assemblies into an alveolar bacteria-free α-Fe2O3 material by a short heat treatment under air. As the γ-FeOOH precursor particles are precipitated between the two membranes of the bacterial cell wall (40 nm–thick space), the final material consists of highly monodisperse nanometric (∼40 × 15 nm) and oriented hematite crystals, assembled to form a hollow shell having the same size and shape as the initial bacteria (bacteriomorph). This double level of control (nanometric particle size and particle organization at the micrometric scale) provided powders exhibiting (1) enhanced electrochemical reversibility when fully reacted with Li and (2) an impressive high rate capability when compared to non-textured primary α-Fe2O3 particles of similar size. This bacterially induced eco-efficient and scalable synthesis method opens wide new avenues to be explored at the crossroads of biomineralization and electrochemistry for energy storage.
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries are attractive as promising candidates for practical electric vehicles. However, such batteries still suffer from the poor cycling stability and potential safety issue due to the dendrite formation. Herein, we design three-dimensional (3D) graphene foams co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen via an in-situ reduction of graphene oxide and subsequent thermal annealing process. Performed as both cathodic and anodic matrixes, the unique features of 3D porous graphene framework with N, S co-doping not only enable the reversible plating/striping process of zinc, but also facilitate the redox reactions of iodine species. Thus, the rationally designed aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine system can integrate the redox reactions of zinc and iodine redox couple at the interface of graphene foam and electrolytes along with reversible ion shuttles (e.g., Zn2+, I−/I3 −) for efficient energy storage. More importantly, the 3D porous architecture with N, S co-doping can enhance the battery Coulombic efficiency by shortening the potential gap of charging/discharging process and suppress the formation of zinc dendrites by improve the reaction kinetics of reversible redox reactions.
Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) advantageously synergize the features of both hydrogels and conducting polymers and have gained ground in various applications such as energy storage devices, catalysis and sensors. Conventional synthesis of CPHs usually couples with introducing of non-conductive polymer frameworks or chemical oxidative initiators, which will inevitably lead to degraded electrochemical performance and long rinse time. Here, we report an electrochemical polymerization method free of frameworks and initiators to build three-dimensional (3D) polyaniline/phytic acid supramolecular hydrogel. This CPH provides high conductivity of 0.43 S cm−1 and improved electrode interfaces between electronic transporting phase and ionic transporting phase. As a result, the CPHs exhibit large areal capacitance of 561.6 mF cm−2 and specific capacitance of 311.3 F g−1. Flexible solid-state micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) based on this CPHs deliver high areal capacitance of 135.9 mF cm−2 and considerable integratable potential via tandem and parallel connection. Cyclic stability is demonstrated by 10,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles with 76% capacitance retention. Besides, electrochemical performance of this device can be maintained under different mechanical loadings such as bending and twisting, which makes it a promising power supply candidate for future wearable electronics and on-chip integrated circuit.
The MnO@nitrogen doped carbon microspheres with a yolk-shell structure (YS-MnO@NC) is reported. As an anode for lithium ion battery, the YS-MnO@NC exhibits a very high reversible capacity (1280 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability (capacities of 1090, 860, 700, 545, and 390 mA h g−1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 A g−1, respectively), and stable cycling performance (880 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). The reversible capacity and cyclability of YS-MnO@NC is higher than MnO based materials reported previously. Its remarkable performance is attributable to the unique yolk-shell structure and the presence of the NC shell. Specifically, the yolk-shell structure improves its structural stability during the repeated cycles due to the presence of the internal void between the core and shell, while the NC shell increases its electric conductivity and wettability toward the electrolyte solution. Additionally, the nitrogen doped structure also promotes a strong electronic coupling between MnO and NC. The in operando X-ray diffraction studies show that the MnO core and hollow NC microsphere play comparatively equal contributions on the high performance of the YS-MnO@NC. Both the NC shell and MnO microsphere exhibit high reversibility in lithiation and delithiation.
Functional liquid crystal polymers have attracted much attention as new all-solid-state polymer electrolytes due to their ability of orientation. In this paper, a hyperbranched star liquid crystal polymer (HSLCP) electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is developed for the first time. This type of HSLCP bears a hyperbranched poly(glycidol) (HPG) as core, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and poly (4-cyano-biphenyl methylmethacrylate) ((LC)x) compose the block arms of the HSLCP. (LC)x segments, one part of the arms, are assisted to promote transmission of Li-ion via orientation and PCL segments are used to dissociate lithium salt and efficiently migrate charge carriers. The good self-standing all-solid-state polymer electrolyte film composed of HSLCP and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) can be formed by solution casting method. It is demonstrated that such a HSLCP exhibits good thermal stability (368°C), the HSLCP-based electrolyte shows high ionic conductivity (5.98 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30°C), outstanding ion transference number (0.63), and wide electrochemical window (5.12 V). In addition, LiFePO4/Li batteries employing the electrolyte deliver good cycling performance and rate capability. Simultaneously, the corresponding half-cell can still power a LED lamp at room temperature. Thus, this is a great progress for liquid crystal-based polymer electrolytes to be applied to high energy LIBs.
This paper presents a novel low-cost mini-UAV-based laser scanning system, which is also capable of performing car-based mobile mapping. The quality of the system and its feasibility for tree measurements was tested using the system’s laser scanner. The system was constructed as a modular measurement system consisting of a number of measurement instruments: a GPS/IMU positioning system, two laser scanners, a CCD camera, a spectrometer and a thermal camera. An Ibeo Lux and a Sick LMS151 profile laser were integrated into the system to provide dense point clouds; intensities of the reflected echoes can also be obtained with the Sick LMS. In our tests, when using a car as a platform, the pole-type object extraction algorithm which was developed resulted in 90% completeness and 86% correctness. The heights of pole-type objects were obtained with a bias of −1.6 cm and standard deviation of 5.4 cm. Using a mini-UAV as the platform, the standard deviation of individual tree heights was about 30 cm. Also, a digital elevation model extraction was tested with the UAV data, resulting in a height offset of about 3.1 cm and a standard deviation of 9.2 cm. With a multitemporal point cloud, we demonstrated a method to derive the biomass change of a coniferous tree with an R 2 value of 0.92. The proposed system is capable of not only recording point cloud data giving the geometry of the objects, but also simultaneously collecting image data, including overlapping images and the intensity of laser backscatter, as well as hyperspectral and thermal data. Therefore we believe that the system is feasible for new algorithm and concept development and for basic research, especially when data is recorded multitemporally.
Sleep problems are common among children with chronic illnesses such as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (or JIA). However, little is known about the frequency and severity of sleep disturbance(s) and the factors that are associated with sleep problems in children with JIA. The mechanism(s) of the relationships characterizing the development or exacerbation of sleep problems in children with JIA are still unknown, however studies have reported an association. The purpose of this study was to synthesize existing research related to sleep problems in children with JIA.
The fast evolution of technology and over production of mobile electronic devices leads to their short usage period and therefore may be a source of environmental pollution and contributes to global warming. Fortunately, due to the properties of the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery that powers these mobile devices, there is a lot of life left for the battery when the device is sent to recycle. This e-waste can be valued by giving to the batteries a second life as energy storage for solar lighting. In fact, it can be a real opportunity for access to electricity in remote rural areas of developing countries for low cost and quality lighting. We show that the usage of recycled mobile phone batteries associated with a solar panel and a light emitting diode (LED) lamp can be a good replacement for candles and kerosene lamps that are hazardous and only give poor lighting quality. Such a replacement can be done for a much lower cost than current expenses, better quality of light and contributes to poverty alleviation and jobs creation. This overcomes the challenges of cost and durability in small off-grid photovoltaic systems.
In this work, Ca1−x Ho x MnO3 (x =0, 0.1 and 0.2) perovskite oxide pelleted electrodes were prepared from the respective powders obtained by the citrate route method at 1173K. The electrodes exhibit particle size that decreases with the holmium content in the oxide. All the samples reveal semiconductor behaviour and the presence of holmium induces a marked decrease in the electrical resistivity. The results can be well attributed to the changes in the Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio. Electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate a similar behaviour of the electrodes, irrespective of their composition. Two pairs of peaks were identified and associated, one to the Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couple and the other to the Mn7+/Mn4+ and Mn6+/Mn4+ redox couples. The voltammetric data provide evidence that the electrodes roughness factor increases with the introduction of Ho-ions in the oxide structure, what is consistent with the crystallite size obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ho-substituted electrodes present higher current density when compared with CaMnO3 electrodes what can be attributed both to higher electrical conductivity and smaller particle size. The chronopotentiometric studies have shown that the discharge occurs by different mechanisms for the oxide electrodes with and without Ho.
Deploying large-scale wireless charging infrastructure at bus stops to charge electric transit buses when loading and unloading passengers requires significant capital investment and brings environmental and energy burdens due to charger production and deployment. Optimal siting of wireless charging bus stops is key to reducing these burdens and enhancing the sustainability performance of a wireless charging bus fleet. This paper presents a novel multi-objective optimization model framework based on life cycle assessment (LCA) for siting wireless chargers in a multi-route electric bus system. Compared to previous studies, this multi-objective optimization framework evaluates not only the minimization of system-level costs, but also newly incorporates the objectives of minimizing life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption during the entire lifetime of a wireless charging bus system. The LCA-based optimization framework is more comprehensive than previous studies in that it encompasses not only the burdens associated with wireless charging infrastructure deployment, but also the benefits of electric bus battery downsizing and use-phase vehicle energy consumption reduction due to vehicle lightweighting, which are directly related to charger siting. The impact of charger siting at bus stops with different route utility and bus dwell time on battery life is also considered. To demonstrate the model application, the route information of the University of Michigan bus routes is used as a case study. Results from the baseline scenario show that the optimal siting strategies can help reduce life cycle costs, GHG, and energy by up to 13%, 8%, and 8%, respectively, compared to extreme cases of “no charger at any bus stop” and “chargers at every stop”. Further sensitivity analyses indicate that the optimization results are sensitive to the initial battery unit price ($/kWh), charging power rate (kW), charging infrastructure costs, and battery life estimation methods.
Micro-supercapacitor (MSC) are considered to be a promising candidate for wearable energy storage due to their scale down in dimensions to fit on-chip geometries of integrated nanosystem, high charge/discharge efficiency, long lifetimes and strong security compared to Li-ion batteries. In this work, we present a polypyrrole (Ppy) film based MSC arrays by combining photolithograph and electrodepositon method. The designed MSC with concentric circles structure exhibited a large areal capacitance of 47.42 mF/cm2 and provided a power density of 0.185mW/cm2 at an area energy density of 0.004 mWh/cm2. MSC arrays connected in series were utilized as power source to drive a wearable gas sensor on the same flexible substrate. As-designed wearable self-driven room temperature ethanol gas sensor showed a quick response time (13s) and recovery time (4.5s), good selectivity to ethanol and a high detection capability of less than 1ppm at room temperature, proving the feasibility of the wearable MSC arrays integrated gas sensing system and offering a quick, easy and comfortable way for personalized monitoring drunken driving.
The electrochemical properties of a novel composite paper material of high surface area consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) deposited on cellulose derived from Cladophora sp. algae have been investigated in electrolytes containing different concentrations of nitrate, chloride and p-toluene sulfonate, as well as in solutions containing both p-toluene sulfonate and chloride. The oxidation mechanism and the dependence of the oxidation behavior of the polypyrrole, which was obtained by oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride, on the anion type and concentration have been studied. Current nucleation maxima, appearing at different times depending on the anion concentration, were obtained during the oxidation of the reduced polymers as a result of the combined action of the formation and growth of conducting polymer strands and anion diffusion. No loss of capacity was seen during repeated oxidation and reduction of the polymer indicating that trapping of anions in the reduced polymer did not limit the electroactivity of the present material. The latter can be explained by the thin polymer layer present on the cellulose substrate. During the oxidation of the polymer, the anions most likely first cover most of the surface of the composite before diffusing into the bulk of the polymer. The estimated distance between these surface sites was also found to match the size of the anions. For electrolytes containing a mixture of anions, the oxidation charge depends on the concentration and size of the different anions. The combination of the thin polymer coating and the large specific surface area of the composite give rise to a high ion absorption capacity even for large anions. Hence, the investigated material should be well-suited for use in biotechnological applications involving, e.g., desalting and extraction of proteins and DNA from biological samples.
We present an experimental platform that can be used for investigating lithium-ion batteries with very high spatial resolution. This in situ experiment runs inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and is able to track the morphology of an electrode including active and passive materials in real time. In this work it has been used to observe SnO2 during lithium uptake and release inside a working battery electrode. The experiment strongly relies on an ionic liquid which has very low vapor pressure and can therefore be used as an electrolyte inside the vacuum chamber of the SEM. In contrast to common electrochemical characterization tools, this method allows for the observation of microscopic mechanisms in electrodes. Depending on the SEM, resolutions down to 1nm can be achieved. As a result, the experimental platform can be used to investigate chemical reaction pathways, to monitor phase changes in electrodes or to investigate degradation effects in batteries. SnO2 is a potential anode material for future high capacity lithium-ion batteries. Our observations reveal the formation of interface layers, large volume expansions, growth of extrusions, as well as mechanically induced cracks in the electrode particles during cycling.
Thermal simulation was applied to 2Wh-class cells (diameter 14.2mm, height 50mm) using LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 or LiCoO2 as the positive electrode material, in order to clarify the thermal behavior of the cells during charge and discharge. The thermal simulation results for the 2Wh-class cells showed a good agreement with measured temperature values. The heat generation of a cell using LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 was found to be much less than that using LiCoO2 during discharge. This difference was considered to be caused by the difference in the change of entropy. A 250Wh-class cell (diameter 64mm, height 296mm) was also constructed using LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 and thermal simulation was applied. We confirmed that the results of the thermal simulation agreed with measured values and that this simulation model is effective for analyzing the thermal behavior of large-scale lithium secondary batteries.
A Ni3S2 nanorods/Ni foam composite electrode is prepared as a high-performance catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which exhibits excellent OER activity with a small overpotential of ∼157 mV based on the onset of catalytic current.
Monitoring of lithium-ion batteries is of critical importance in electric vehicle applications in order to manage the operational condition of the cells. Measurements on a vehicle often involve current, voltage and temperature which enable in-situ diagnostic techniques. This paper presents a novel diagnostic technique, termed differential thermal voltammetry, which is capable of monitoring the state of the battery using voltage and temperature measurements in galvanostatic operating modes. This tracks battery degradation through phase transitions, and the resulting entropic heat, occurring in the electrodes. Experiments to monitor battery degradation using the new technique are compared with a pseudo-2D cell model. Results show that the differential thermal voltammetry technique provides information comparable to that of slow rate cyclic voltammetry at shorter timescale and with load conditions easier to replicate in a vehicle.
For the development of novel non-aqueous sodium ion conductor with safety of sodium secondary cell, non-flammable ionic liquid is attractive as electrolyte component. A preliminary study has been carried out for the purpose of constructing sodium ion conducting electrolyte based on ionic liquid. The solubility of sodium salt such as NaBF4 in ionic liquid is poor, thus the ternary electrolyte has been prepared where NaBF4 with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) as coordination former is dissolved with ionic liquid diethyl methoxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DEMEBF4). The maximum conductivity among the prepared solutions, ca. 1.2mScm−1 at 25°C, was obtained when the molar ratio (ethylene oxide unit in PEGDME):NaBF4:DEMEBF4 was 8:1:2. The relationship between the conductivity of the ternary electrolyte and its solution structure has been discussed.
Understanding the degradation of battery cycled under different state-of-charge ranges is important for the optimal control of operation state-of-charge range. Cycle life tests on 8 A h pouch batteries with Li(NiMnCo)O2 cathode are conducted under 0–20%, 20%–40%, 40%–60%, 60%–80%, 80%–100% and 0–100% state-of-charge ranges with current and temperature at 6C and 25 °C. Results show that among the five ranges with 20% depth-of-discharge, cycling under 0–20% causes more impedance increase and less capacity loss, cycling under 80%–100% cause more capacity loss. The degradation behaviors of batteries under the remaining three ranges are similar. Battery degradation under 20% depth-of-discharge is significantly slower than 100% depth-of-discharge. Battery aging mechanisms are investigated using incremental capacity analysis method. It is indicated that loss of active material in positive electrode and loss of lithium inventory are comparable during battery aging process under 100% depth-of-discharge. However, for the battery under 20% depth-of-discharge, the dominant factor causing aging is loss of lithium inventory. Moreover, six characteristic parameters corresponding to loss of lithium inventory and loss of electrode material respectively are extracted from incremental capacity curve to establish the multi-indicators system describing battery state-of-health, which enhances the convenience of incremental capacity analysis to identify battery aging mechanisms on-board.
To improve its performance, extend its lifetime, and overcome the problem of the slow dynamic during the start-up and the operation process of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this paper presents current short circuit and smart energy management approaches for a main PEMFC with auxiliary PEMFC, battery and supercapacitor as hybrid power source in parallel with an intelligent uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system. The hybrid UPS system consists of two low-cost 63-cell 300 W PEMFC stacks, 3-cell lead-acid battery, and 20-cell series-connected supercapacitors. Based on the designed intelligent hybrid UPS system, experimental tests and theoretical studies are conducted. Firstly, the modeling of PEMFC is obtained and evaluated. Then the performance improvement mechanism of the current short circuit is proposed and analyzed based on the Faradaic process and non-Faradaic process of electrochemical theory. Finally, the performances of the main PEMFC with the auxiliary PEMFC/battery/supercapacitor hybrid power source and intelligent energy management are experimentally measured and analyzed. The proposed current short circuit method can significantly extend the lifetime, improve the performance of PEMFC and decrease the size of the main FC for stationary, backup power sources and vehicular applications.