batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Recently, the necessity of parallel ultra-high definition (UHD) video processing has been emerging, and the usage of the computing systems that have asymmetric processors, such as ARM big.LITTLE, is actively increasing. Thus, a new parallel UHD video processing method optimized for asymmetric multicore systems is essential. This paper proposes a novel High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Tile partitioning method for the parallel processing by analyzing the computational power of asymmetric multicores. (1) The proposed method analyzes the computing power of asymmetric multicores and (2) the regression model of computational complexity per video resolution. Lastly, (3) the model determines the optimal HEVC Tile resolution for each core and partitions and allocates the Tiles to suitable cores. Experimental results with the test sequences of common test condition (CTC) show that the decoding speed improved by 17 % with implemented multi-threading module on ARM asymmetric multicore systems.
The structure and electrochemical properties of LiNi x Mn2−x O4 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were studied by the means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. The cathodes with different Ni contents (LiNi x Mn2−x O4, x =0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were synthesized by a spray-drying method and showed a single-phase spinel structure without any impurity. The amount of Ni has a large effect on the electrochemical characteristics. Capacity values of different voltage ranges (4- and 5-V ranges) change obviously with amount of Ni-doped. Also, the total discharge capacities increase with the Ni content, and all of them have good cycle stability.
Predicting transient behavior of lead-acid batteries during charge and discharge processes is an important factor in many applications including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The conventional mathematical models, which are used to predict the battery dynamics, are either inaccurate or time-consuming. In this study, an improved and efficient mathematical model for simulation of flooded lead-acid batteries based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) has been introduced which inherits the accuracy of CFD model and the physical understanding of ECM. This approach makes the numerical procedure very efficient and easy to implement. Moreover, because of simplification of boundary conditions (BC's), it is very fast which makes it quite suitable for real-time simulations. The present approach is verified by previous CFD models and experimental data.
Imaging with a high-speed camera at a resolution of 10–20μm has been used for the direct observation of the anodic dissolution of aluminium alloys containing Sn and Ga. The imaging allows confirmation that hydrogen bubble evolution occurs from the Sn inclusions within rounded pits during both open circuit corrosion and anodic dissolution. Using microelectrodes with only a few Sn inclusions in their surface, it is shown that the evolution of H2 is not continuous and may be correlated with a potential oscillations between −1.50V (where H2 evolution occurs) and significantly less negative potentials (where no H2 is evolved). It is proposed that this potential shift is associated with pH changes resulting from H2 evolution itself.
The object of this study is to stabilize spent alkaline batteries and to recover useful metals. A blend of dolomite, limestone, and cullet was added to act as a reductant and a glass matrix former in vitrification. Specimens were vitrified using an electrical heating furnace at 1400°C and the output products included slag, ingot, flue gas, and fly ash. The major constituents of the slag were Ca, Mn, and Si, and the results of the toxicity leaching characteristics met the standards in Taiwan. The ingot was a good material for use in production of stainless steel, due to being mainly composed of Fe and Mn. For the fly ash, the high level of Zn makes it economical to recover. The distribution of metals indicated that most of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni moved to the ingot, while Al, Ca, Mg, and Si stayed in the slag; Hg vaporized as gas phase into the flue gas; and Cd, Pb, and Zn were predominately in the fly ash. Recovery efficiency for Fe and Zn was >90% and the results show that vitrification is a promising technology for reclaiming spent alkaline batteries.
Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are emerging as a promising energy storage technology because of their low cost and high energy density. However, the large size of K+ ions hinders the reversible electrochemical potassium (de)insertion in the host structure, limiting the selection of suitable electrode materials for KIBs. Herein, we designed and exploited a new layered oxide, P3-type K0.69CrO2 (hereafter denoted as P3-K0.69CrO2), as a high-performance cathode for KIBs for the first time. The proposed P3-K0.69CrO2 cathode was successfully synthesized via an electrochemical ion-exchange route and exhibited the best cycling performance for a KIB cathode material to date. A combination of electrochemical profiles, ex situ X-ray diffraction, and first-principles calculations was used to understand the overall potassium storage mechanism of P3-K0.69CrO2. Based on a reversible phase transition, P3-K0.69CrO2 delivers a high discharge capacity of 100 mA h g−1 and exhibits extremely high cycling stability with ∼65% retention over 1000 cycles at a 1C rate. Moreover, the K-ion hopping into the P3-K0.69CrO2 structure was extremely rapid, resulting in great power capability of up to a 10C rate with a capacity retention of ∼65% (vs. the capacity at 0.1C).
Abstractct Green marketing has become an important method for companies to remain profitable and competitive as the public and governments are more concerned about environmental issues. However, most online shopping environments do not consider product greenness in their recommender systems or other shopping tools. This paper aims to propose the use of recommender systems to aid the green shopping process and to promote green consumerism basing upon the benefits of recommender systems and a compliance technique called foot-in-the-door (FITD). In this study, the architecture of a recommender system for green consumer electronics is proposed. Customers’ decision making process is modeled with an adaptive fuzzy inference system in which the input variables are the degrees of price, feature, and greenness and output variables are the estimated rating data. The architecture has three types of recommendation: information filtering, candidate expansion, and crowd recommendation. Ad hoc customization can be applied to tune the recommendation results. The findings are reported in two parts. The first part describes the potentials of using recommender systems in green marketing and the promotion of green consumerism; the second part describes the proposed recommender system architecture using green consumer electronics as the context. Discussion of the proposed architecture and comparison with other systems are also included in this part. The proposed architecture provides a capable platform for personalized green marketing by offering customers shopping advices tailored to their preferences and for the promotion of green consumerism.
Background Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass with either a loss of muscle strength or a loss of physical performance but there is no recommendation regarding the diagnostic tools that have to be used. In this study, we compared the prevalence of sarcopenia assessed using different diagnostic tools. Methods To measure muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, we used for each outcome two different diagnostic tools. For muscle mass, we used Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA); for muscle strength, we used a hydraulic dynamometer and a pneumatic dynamometer; for physical performance we used the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB test) and the walk speed. Eight diagnostic groups were hereby established. Results A total of 250 consecutive subjects were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Liège, Belgium. Estimated prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 8.4% to 27.6% depending on the method of diagnosis used. Regarding muscle mass, BIA systematically overestimated muscle mass compared to DXA (mean estimated prevalence with BIA=12.8%; mean prevalence with DXA=21%). For muscle strength, the pneumatic dynamometer diagnosed twice more sarcopenic subjects than the hydraulic dynamometer (mean estimated prevalence with PD=22.4%; mean estimated prevalence with HD=11.4%). Finally, no difference in prevalence was observed when the walking speed or the SPPB test was used. A weak overall kappa coefficient was observed (0.53), suggesting that the 8 methods of diagnosis are moderately concordant. Conclusion Within the same definition of sarcopenia, prevalence of sarcopenia is highly dependent on the diagnostic tools used.
We describe the preparation of two-dimensionally patterned polyaniline (PANI) thin films via microtransfer molding and electropolymerization techniques. This procedure yields reproducible conducting polymer patterns with excellent feature periodicity, making them useful as diffraction gratings. The fabricated polymer gratings were characterized via tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Spectroelectrochemistry was used to characterize the optical properties associated with various intrinsic PANI redox states. In accordance with the Kramers–Kronig relation for change-in-absorptivity and change-in-index-of-refraction, electrochemically induced changes in refractive index (detected via changes in diffraction efficiency) were observed to coincide with electrochemically-induced changes in the PANI electronic absorption spectrum. In addition, the higher oxidation states of PANI and the associated changes in refractive index proved accessible via chemical oxidation. Beyond the novelty of a chemically-switchable transmission grating, the response of this system points to the possibility of developing diffraction-based chemical sensing schemes.
A hybrid electrochemical capacitor (EC) with enhanced energy density is realized by integrating functionalized carbon nanotube (FCNT) electrodes with redox-active electrolyte that has a neutral pH value (1 M Na2SO4 and 0.5 M KBr mixed aqueous solution). The negative electrode shows an electric double layer capacitor-type behavior. On the positive electrode, highly reversible Br−/Br3 − redox reactions take place, presenting a battery-type behavior, which contributes to increase the capacitance of the hybrid cell. The voltage window of the whole cell is extended up to 1.5 V because of the high over-potentials of oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in the neutral electrolyte. Compared with raw CNT, the FCNT has better wettability in the aqueous electrolyte and contributes to increase the electric double layer capacitance of the cell. As a result, the maximum energy density of 28.3 Wh kg−1 is obtained from the hybrid EC at 0.5 A g−1 without sacrificing its power density, which is around 4 times larger than that of the electrical double layer capacitor constructed by FCNT electrodes and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Moreover, the discharge capacity retained 86.3% of its initial performance after 10000 cycles of galvanostatic charge and discharge test (10 A/g), suggesting its long life cycle even at high current loading.
The objective of the present study was to establish a clinical/personality profile of Turkish patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD). Methods. A neurocognitive/clinical test battery was administered to 17 patients with TR-OCD. Results. TR-OCD patients presented with major psychiatric syndromes (especially mood and generalized anxiety disorders) and personality disorders (particularly paranoid, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, histrionic), and obtained higher scores on measures of core OCD symptoms (i.e., obsessional ideation, compulsive cleaning/washing, mental neutralizing), depressive symptoms, schizotypal personality features, and impulsiveness relative to normative controls. TR-OCD patients did not differ significantly from normative controls on checking, doubting, ordering, and hoarding subscales, and on measures of venturesomeness and empathy. Conclusions. Lack of insight, suspiciousness, and rigidity associated with schizotypal, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive personality features may have contributed to treatment failure.
Facile synthesis of high efficient bi-functional oxygen catalysts is important for large-scale application of rechargeable metal-air batteries. Herein, an ethanol-water mediated co-precipitation approach is applied to fabricate Co–Mn–Ni (CMN) ternary spinel oxides with uniform 1D structure. Their catalytic activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are investigated by the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques. The ternary spinel oxide with the Co/Mn/Ni atomic ratio of 2:3:1 (CMN-231) exhibits the best bi-functional activities among the as-prepared ternary, binary and unitary spinel oxides (△E is as low as 0.88 V), which can be attributed to its reasonable element composition, mesoporous nanorod structure, strong oxygen-adsorption ability and good charger-transfer capability. In addition, the CMN-231 catalyst demonstrates a strong stability during long-term operation. This well-designed catalyst is applied in a homemade zinc-air battery, and exhibits good charge–discharge performances (voltage gap is 0.9 V at 50 mA cm−2) and remarkable cycling stability.
Most low-temperature fuel cells are based on the hydrogen fuel cell in some form, with its high power density and clean oxidation to yield no carbon-containing products. However, due to issues of compression and storage, research has been on-going into alternative “hydrogen-storage” compounds that can deliver similar performance in a more convenient form. The nitrogen hydrides, ammonia and hydrazine, have been candidate materials for fuels for nearly 50 years, but rapid advances in the past 5–6 years have shown them to be front-runners in the race for commercial, high-performance, portable fuel cells. In this review, we briefly summarise the recent advances in ammonia and hydrazine fuel cells.
The fabrication of flexible freestanding electrodes with superior electrochemical performance is challenging now in consumer electronics miniaturization. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and scalable synthesis of hollow silicon nanosheets, which then hybridizes with rGO into flexible films by layer-by-layer assembly process. The resulting Si/rGO films, when applied as a free-standing LIBs anode, exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 904 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 (about 2 times higher than theoretical value of graphite anode), and meanwhile maintain a long cycle life (650 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles). In addition, a flexible full battery has also been assembled based on the flexible film as an anode and the commercial LiCoO2 as a cathode, which impressively delivers a high specific capacity of 700 and 613 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 15 cycles in flat and bent state, respectively. Such intriguing electrochemical performances can be mainly attributed to the two-dimensional hollow nanostructure of silicon and their strong synergistic effect with rGO. It is reckoned that our Si/rGO films are a promising anode for advanced flexible LIBs.
A high capacity alkaline redox storage chemistry is explored based on a novel Fe6+/B2− chemistry. The alkaline anodes based on transition metal borides can deliver exceptionally high electrochemical capacity. Over 3800mAh/g discharge capacity is obtained for the commercial available vanadium diboride (VB2), much higher than the theoretical capacity of commonly used zinc metal (820mAh/g) alkaline anode. Coupling with the super-iron cathodes, the novel Fe6+/B2− battery chemistry generates a matched electrochemical potential to the pervasive, conventional MnO2–Zn battery, but sustains a much higher electrochemical capacity. Stability enhancement of super-iron boride battery is also studied. A zirconia coating effectively prevents both the decomposition of boride anodes and the passivation of Fe(VI) cathodes, and sustains facile both anodic and cathodic charge transfer. Reversibility of boride anodes is demonstrated with TiB2 and VB2. It is shown that these two boride anodes exhibit the reversibility in a certain extent.
In 2014 the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) adopted the global technical regulation No. 15 concerning the Worldwide harmonized Light duty Test Procedure (WLTP). Having significantly contributed to its development, the European Commission is now aiming at introducing the new test procedure in the European type-approval legislation for light duty vehicles in order to replace the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) as the certification test. The current paper aims to assess the effect of WLTP introduction on the reported CO2 emissions from passenger cars presently measured under the New European Driving Cycle and the corresponding test protocol. The most important differences between the two testing procedures, apart from the kinematic characteristics of the respective driving cycles, is the determination of the vehicle inertia and driving resistance, the gear shifting sequence, the soak and test temperature and the post-test charge balance correction applied to WLTP. In order to quantify and analyze the effect of these differences in the end value of CO2 emissions, WLTP and NEDC CO2 emission measurements were performed on 20 vehicles, covering almost the whole European market. WLTP CO2 values range from 125.5 to 217.9g/km, NEDC values range from 105.4 to 213.2g/km and the ΔCO2 between WLTP and NEDC ranges from 4.7 to 29.2g/km for the given vehicle sample. The average cold start effect over WLTP was found 6.1g/km, while for NEDC it was found 12.3g/km. For a small gasoline and a medium sized diesel passenger car, the different inertia mass and driving resistance is responsible 63% and 81% of the observed ΔCO2 between these two driving cycles respectively, whereas the other parameters (driving profile, gear shifting, test temperature) account for the remaining 37% and 19%.
The safety issues of lithium batteries caused by liquid organic electrolyte have been driving people to seek safer solid-like electrolytes. Herein, we report effort to employ Polyurethane acrylate (PUA) elastomer and Succinonitrile (SN)-based plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE) to fabricate a composite PCE (CPCE) by solution blending followed by rapid UV curing. During fabrication process, the phase separation between PUA and SN-based PCE can be suppressed by adding Tetrahydrofuran (THF). Consequently, the improved compatibility results in an improved mechanical strength in the CPCE and makes PUA impart the good stretching and resilient properties to the CPCE. The optimized CPCE presents a maximum stretching strain of 90.6% and can bear cyclic stretching-releasing test. Besides, the CPCE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 0.91 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C and a wide electrochemical stability window of 4.8 V. Thus, this stretchable CPCE could be used in flexible batteries for emerging applications such as wearable electronic devices and flexible sensors.
Objective To examine the neurologic and neurophysiologic findings and neurologic symptoms in 12 women with Fabry disease and to study the relationship between the subjective symptoms and the findings on the various tests done. Methods Neurography, vibratory and thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST), skin biopsy for measuring intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Heart rate variability (HRV) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) tests for detecting autonomic dysfunction, pain-, depression- and somatic symptom questionnaires and clinical examination. Results Only two women had no persistent symptoms or signs of polyneuropathy, 10 had symptoms of small fiber neuropathy. Neurological examination was normal in most patients. Five patients had decreased IENFD or thermal hypoesthesia in QST. In QST, Aδ-fiber function for innocuous cold was more often impaired than C-fiber function. Conventional nerve conduction studies were mostly normal. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) incidence was increased, 25% had symptomatic CTS. Conclusions Heterozygous women carrying the gene for Fabry disease have symptoms and findings of small-fiber polyneuropathy more often than has previously been considered. The prevalence of CTS is also increased. Significance While the clinical diagnosis of small-fiber neuropathy is difficult, the diagnostic yield can be increased using a combination of thermal QST and IENFD measurements.
Employing the theorem that matching impedance produces maximum power transfer, the current study develops a low-cost and highly efficient “maximum power point tracker for a solar cell unit,” for the purpose of allowing a solar cell to achieve optimal power transfer under different solar intensities and temperatures. Circuit control takes a single-chip microprocessor as the core and the booster circuit design undergoes the solar cell charging operation even though the solar cell output voltage is lower than the rated storage battery voltage. Experiments conducted in this study prove that the tracker this study develops effectively enhances the utilization efficiency of a solar cell. When a solar cell is at an output voltage above 30% of the rated voltage, it can charge a storage battery. When it reaches above 80% of the rated voltage, its power conversion efficiency can reach above 85%. The charge and discharge management mechanism of the device also avoids excessive charge and discharge of the storage battery, and extends storage battery longevity.
We demonstrate a novel method to manufacture non-toxic supercapacitors with aqueous electrolyte by solution processing techniques. The supercapacitors are fabricated on flexible substrates by applying ink layers on top of each other resulting to a monolithic structure. In this way the whole component including current collectors, electrodes and separator can be implemented on one substrate without the need to align and seal two separately fabricated electrodes. Biopolymer chitosan has an important role since it acts both as separator and activated carbon electrode binder. This work facilitates an easier manufacturing of thin supercapacitor structures e.g. for Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor network applications. The capacitance range of our components is 0.26–0.43 F and equivalent series resistance 12–32 Ω.
Protein aggregates can be found in peripheral organs, such as the heart, kidney, and pancreas, but little is known about the impact of peripherally misfolded proteins on neuroinflammation and brain functional recovery following ischemic stroke.