batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this case report we present the sexual assault of a stuporous victim by a suspect who videotaped their encounter. We review the role of substance use and exam findings and discuss both victim and suspect factors that may lead to a negative examination of the victim.
Multiple substitution compounds with the formula LiNi0.8−y Ti y Co0.2O2 (0≤y≤0.1) were synthesized by sol–gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The effects of titanium substitution on the structural, electrochemical and thermal properties of the cathode materials are investigated. A solid solution phase (R-3m) is observed in the range of 0≤y≤0.1 for the titanium-doped materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that there are Ni3+, Ni2+, Co3+, Co2+ and Ti4+ five transition metal ions in titanium-doped materials. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicates that titanium substitution changes the materials’ structure with different cationic distribution. An increase of the Ni/Co amount in the 3a Li site is found with the addition of titanium amount. An improved cycling performance is observed for titanium-doped cathode materials, which is interpreted to a significant suppression of phase transitions and lattice changes during cycling. The thermal stability of titanium-doped materials is also improved, which can be attributed to its lower oxidation ability and enhanced structural stability at delithiated state.
Effect of powder size on the performance of Li-powder/LiV3O8 secondary cell has been studied. Li powder, synthesized via droplet emulsion technique, was used as the anode material in a coin cell (CR 2032) assembled in an Ar-filled glove box. Discharge-charge cycling was galvanostatically performed at 0.2 C-rate with cut-off voltages of 1.5–4.0V. Li powder with smaller particle size shows better cycling performance. The electrochemical properties (capacity versus cycle number, impedance) of the fabricated coin cells were evaluated. Based on the linear sweep voltammetry data, it was concluded that electrode with 15-μm powder size has larger surface area than electrodes with 35- and 55- μm powder size. Moreover, these electrodes produced larger current than that produced by Li foil electrode. The anode having 15-μm powder size had 12-fold larger surface area than the Li foil anode; its surface area was also larger than that of the Li powder anodes with larger particles. The superior cycle stability of this anode was because of its larger surface area.
Glyphosate (GLY) and imazethapyr (IMZT) are two herbicides commonly used worldwide, either alone or in mixtures. They represent key pesticides in modern agricultural management. The toxicity that results when employed as mixtures has not been characterized so far. Acute toxicity of the 48% GLY-based herbicide (GBH) Credit® and the 10.59% IMZT-based herbicide (IBH) Pivot® H alone and their binary combinations was analyzed in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles exposed in a semi-static renewal test. Lethal effects were determined using mortality as the end-point, whereas sublethal effects were determined employing the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassay. Based on mortality experiments, results revealed LC5096 h values of 78.18 mg/L GBH and 0.99 mg/L IBH for Credit® and Pivot® H, respectively. An increase in the genetic damage index (GDI) was found after exposure to Credit® or Pivot® H at 5 and 10% of LC5096 h values. The combinations of 5% Credit®-5% Pivot® H LC5096 h and 10% Credit®-10% Pivot® H LC5096 h concentrations significantly enhanced the GDI in comparison with tadpoles exposed only to Credit® or Pivot® H. Thus, the effect of interaction between GBH and IBH inducing DNA damage in R. arenarum blood cells can be considered to be synergistic.
The following series of papers presents an extensive assessment of the Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System EHCSS series-K cigarette vs. conventional lit-end cigarettes (CC) as an example for an extended testing strategy for evaluation of reduced exposure. The EHCSS produces smoke through electrical heating of tobacco. The EHCSS series-K heater was designed for exclusive use with EHCSS cigarettes, and cannot be used to smoke (CC). Compared to the University of Kentucky Reference Research cigarette 2R4F and a series of commercial CC, mainstream cigarette smoke of both the non-menthol and menthol-flavored EHCSS cigarettes showed a reduced delivery of a series of selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC), mutagenic activity determined using the Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation (Ames) assay, and cytotoxicity in the Neutral Red Uptake Assay. Clinical evaluations confirmed reduced exposure to HPHC and excretion of mutagenic material under controlled clinical conditions. Reductions in HPHC exposure were confirmed in a real-world ambulatory clinical study. Potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk were also reduced under real-world ambulatory conditions. A modeling approach, ‘nicotine bridging’, was developed based on the determination of nicotine exposure in clinical evaluations which indicated that exposure to HPHC for which biomarkers of exposure do not exist would also be reduced.
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate an important subgroup of antisocial individuals at risk for early-starting, severe, and persistent conduct problems, but this construct has received limited attention among young children. The current study evaluated the factor structure, psychometric properties, and validity of scores on a comprehensive measure of CU traits, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), in relation to measures of antisocial/prosocial behavior and emotional processing, administered to preschool children. The sample included 214 boys (52 %) and girls (48 %, M age = 4.7, SD = 0.69) recruited from mainstream and high-risk preschools. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure including callous and uncaring dimensions from 12 of the 24 original ICU items. Scores on the parent- and teacher-reported ICU were internally consistent and combined CU scores showed expected associations with an alternate measure of CU traits and measures of empathy, prosocial behavior, conduct problems, and aggression. Preschool children high on CU traits were less accurate, relative to children scoring low, in recognizing facial expressions. They were also less attentionally engaged by images of others in distress when co-occurring conduct problems presented. Findings extend the literature by supporting the psychometric properties of the ICU among young children, and open several avenues for studying early precursors to this severe personality disturbance.
The Li-S batteries are a prospective battery technology, which despite to its currently remaining drawbacks offers useable performance and interesting features. The polysulfide shuttle mechanism, a characteristic phenomenon for the Li-S batteries, causes a significant self-discharge at higher state-of-charge (SOC) levels, which leads to the energy dissipation of cells with higher charge. In an operation of series-connected Li-S cells, the shuttle mechanism results into a self-balancing effect which is studied here. A model for prediction of the self-balancing effect is proposed in this work and it is validated by experiments. Our results confirm the self-balancing feature of Li-S cells and illustrate their dependence on various conditions such as temperature, charging limits and idling time at high SOC.
Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the world's leading health problems causing personal illness and serious socio-economic consequences. A major iron powder producer has taken a lead in producing an iron food fortification supplement…
A facile electrochemical route was designed for successful deposition of α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O nanofilms on Ni foam (NF) here, employing NiCl2 solution as the electrolyte, which differed from the traditional route of the Ni(NO3)2 electrolyte. Experiments uncovered that under the deposition current density of 10 mA cm−2, the initial concentration of NiCl2 electrolyte strongly affected the phase of the final product. Metallic nickel was deposited at the low concentration and α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O was obtained at the high concentration. It was found that the amount of Cl− anions and the deposition current density were two important factors affecting the formation of α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O. Interestingly, the as-obtained α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF exhibited highly efficient electrocatalytic activity in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH. In a two-electrode water-splitting device, the α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF deposited at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for 60 min was selected as the anode and the cathode simultaneously. The electrochemical measurements showed that the as-obtained α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF electrode presented excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability matched with Pt/C/NF – RuO2/NF electrodes. Obviously, the present work provides a new path for fast preparation of highly efficient α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
In this review, the aim is to present a complete outlook for innovative charging infrastructures. In a real smart grid scenario, these infrastructures are candidates to support the integration of electric and hybrid mobility with distributed energy sources. In this paper, at the outset, an analysis of the scientific and technical literature about main international standards and classifications has been provided. Also taken into consideration in this analysis are the expected challenges related to charging technologies for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, giving specific details on current and possible future trends for both stationary and dynamic inductive charging systems. In particular, for each charging level, traditional and more innovative power electronic architectures—equipped with the new technologies that support both slow and fast conductive charging operations for the new-generation road vehicle–have been reported, described and analysed in detail. The analysis has been conducted through a comparison of power architectures, in terms of efficiency, scalability and charging power/time of the vehicle battery packs. Specific attention has also been devoted to off-board DC fast-charging architectures, which play a fundamental role in the integration of stationary energy storage systems and renewable energy sources with the main grid. Finally, in this review, a wide range of the most interesting applications, technical experiences and international pilot projects have been summarized and discussed, with specific references to the new technologies mentioned above. The overview reported in this paper highlights the importance of a proper charging infrastructure, in combination with next generation energy storage technologies, to support the large-scale diffusion of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
New approaches to control healthcare expenditures and increase access to quality care are required by decision-makers in high-income countries. One strategy is to reallocate tasks from doctors to nurses. Evidence suggests that quality, effectiveness and efficiency of task shifting are context sensitive and affected by implementation. However, little is known about implementability of task shifting in specialised healthcare. We aimed to identify factors perceived to influence implementation of doctor-to-nurse task shifting in a hospital setting and improve understanding of task shifting implementability by using theory-based frameworks for analysing behaviour. Nurse-led bone marrow examination exemplified task shifting from the medical to the nursing domain.
A stable and efficient FeS/nickel foam (NF) counter electrode for quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) is first fabricated by electrochemistry deposition and characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), current voltage and impedance spectroscopy. The QDSC based on FeS/NF CE achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.39% attributing to the high fill factor (FF) of 0.58, and the PCE is much higher than that of based on FeS/FTO CE (2.76%) and other reported FeS CEs (1.76% and 3.34%). The phenomenon that the electrode can transform between FeS/NF (in the polysulfide electrolyte) and Fe2O3/NF (in the air) spontaneously is first reported. And the excellent stability in photoelectric performance of the CE is also demonstrated in the present work. Therefore, the FeS/NF is very promising as a stable and efficient CE for QDSCs.
Abstract The aim of this chapter is to prepare the reader to the journey into the direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) learning and deeper understanding. Therefore, a broad overview of the DAFC technology, as well as its definition, is provided. A brief comparison between fuel cells and batteries or combustion engines is made as well as a comparison between the DAFCs and its direct rival—the hydrogen PEMFC. The working principles of the DMFCs and DEFCs are presented together with the description of the two different types of fuel and oxidant supply in active and passive systems. The main advantages and disadvantages of the DAFCs are explained, stressing out the great potential of application in the portable sector. An introduction to the markets and target applications is then offered with the presentation of several examples of products already under commercialization. Finally, the main challenges of this technology are presented.
Practice guidelines recommend various types of exercise for chronic back pain but there have been few head-to-head comparisons of these interventions. General exercise seems to be an effective option for management of chronic low back pain (LBP) but very little is known about the management of a sub-acute LBP within sub-groups.
A facile synthesis method has been developed to prepare xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30) cathode materials, combining the advantages of the high specific capacity of the Ni-rich layered phase and the surface chemical stability of the Li-rich layered phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical charge/discharge measurements confirm the formation of a Li-rich layered phase with C2/m symmetry. The high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals a spatial relationship that the Li-rich nano-domain islands are integrated into the conventional Ni-rich layered matrix ( R 3 ¯ m ). Most importantly, this is the first time that Li-rich phase has been directly observed inside a particle at the nano-scale, when the overall composition of the layered oxide Li1+δNi1−y−z−δMnyMzO2 (M = metal) is Ni-rich (>0.5) rather than Mn-rich (>0.5). Remarkably, the xLi2MnO3·(1−x)LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 cathodes with optimized x value shows superior electrochemical performance at C/3 rate: an initial capacity of 190 mA h g−1 with 90% capacity retention after 400 cycles in a half cell and 73.5% capacity retention after 900 cycles in a pouch-type full cell.
A high performance binder-free SiOx/C composite electrode was synthesized by mixing SiOx particles and Kraft lignin in a cryo-mill followed by heat treatment at 600 °C. After the heat treatment, lignin formed a conductive matrix hosting SiOx particles, ensuring electronic conductivity, connectivity, and accommodation of volume changes during lithiation/delithiation. As the result, no conventional binder or conductive agent was necessary. When electrochemically cycled, the composite electrode delivered excellent performance, maintaining ∼900 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at a rate of 200 mA g−1, and good rate capability. The robustness of the electrode was also examined by post-cycling SEM images, where few cracks were observed. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the comparatively small volume change of SiOx-based electrodes (160%) and the flexibility of the lignin derived carbon matrix to accommodate the volume change. This work should stimulate further interests in using bio-renewable resources in making advanced electrochemical energy storage systems.
Cerium fluoride (CeF3) coated lithium-rich layered Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 particles are synthesized using a facile chemical deposition route. The structural and electrochemical properties of pristine and CeF3-coated electrodes are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results indicate that the cathode particles are uniformly covered with a CeF3 layer (∼10 nm thick) after 2 wt.% CeF3 surface coating. The coated electrode shows an enhanced initial coulombic efficiency of 80.8% compared to 75.2% for the pristine electrode. Moreover, the coated electrode demonstrates better cyclic performance, which exhibits capacity retention of 91.7% after 50 cycles compared with only 82.1% for the pristine one. Furthermore, the CeF3-coated electrode delivers a superior high-rate capacity of 103.1 mAh g−1 at 5C, higher than 82.2 mAh g−1 for the pristine one. The remarkably improved cycling stability and high-rate capacity of the surface-modified electrode is ascribed to the presence of a stable and thin CeF3 coating layer which effectively reduces the damage of electrode structure and suppresses the increase of impedance during cycling by preventing direct contact of electrode with electrolyte.
As one of the most promising anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), SnO2 attracts wide research attention. The practical application of SnO2 anodes, however, is mainly hampered by huge volume variation during cycling and large initial irreversible capacity. In this paper, three-dimensional porous SnO2-Fe2O3 composite films have been fabricated using the electrostatic spray deposition technique. As an anode for LIBs, the hierarchical porous SnO2-Fe2O3 film possesses a high reversible capacity (1034.1 mAh g-1) and a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82.9% at a current density of 0.2 A g-1. At the same time, it shows good capacity retention with a capacity of 1025.6 mAh g-1 after 240 cycles and excellent rate performance. The enhanced lithium storage performance should be attributed to the synergistic effect between SnO2 and Fe2O3, as well as the three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure. The results demonstrate that such a three-dimensional porous composite anode shows great potential for application in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Invasive shrubs can increase ecosystem transpiration and potentially affect hydrology in forested ecosystems. We examined two adjacent sites in a wetland forest in northern Kentucky, USA. One site contained little Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), while the other contained considerably more. Using Granier (thermal dissipation) and heat balance probes, transpiration was determined for trees, vines and shrubs at the two sites. Tree and vine transpiration in 2009 was usually 1–2 mm day−1, typical of that seen in humid temperate forests. Additional transpiration from L. maackii was roughly proportional to its basal area, and it totaled 1.0% of tree and vine transpiration from the site with less L. maackii cover and 6.0% from the site with considerable cover. This additional transpiration amounts to roughly 10% of stream flow draining the study area. As L. maackii basal areas at these sites are at the lower end of that seen in other invaded forests in the region, regional impacts on transpiration and hydrology may be larger than those reported here. We expect L. maackii to shorten the lives of ephemeral ponds and streams in wetlands and cause adverse impacts on the organisms, such as amphibians, that require these aquatic environments to complete their life cycle.
Recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted worldwide attention because of issues from both environmental impacts and resource supply. Leaching, for instance using an acidic solution, is a critical step for effective recovery of metals from spent LIBs. To achieve both high leaching efficiency and selectivity of the targeted metals, improved understanding on the interactive features of the materials and leaching solutions is highly required. However, such understanding is still limited at least caused by the variation on physiochemical properties of different leaching solutions. In this research, a comprehensive investigation and evaluation on the leaching process using acidic solutions to recycle spent LIBs is carried out. Through analyzing two important parameters, i.e. leaching speed and recovery rate of the corresponding metals, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, acid species and concentration on these two parameters were evaluated. It was found that a leachant with organic acids may leach Co and Li from the cathode scrap and leave Al foil as metallic form with high leaching selectivity, while that with inorganic acids typically leach all metals into the solution. Inconsistency between the leaching selectivity and efficiency during spent LIBs recycling is frequently noticed. In order to achieve an optimal status with both high leaching selectivity and efficiency (especially at high solid-to-liquid ratios), it is important to manipulate the average leaching speed and recovery rate of metals to optimize the leaching conditions. Subsequently, it is found that the leaching speed is significantly dependent on the hydrogen ion concentration and the capability of releasing hydrogen ions of the acidic leachant during leaching. With this research, it is expected to improve understanding on controlling the physiochemical properties of a leaching solution and to potentially design processes for spent LIBs recycling with high industrial viability.
Nano-scale (<100nm) Cu5Sn6 powders were prepared by a chemical method that used a NaBH4 solution to reduce the metal ions. A significant improvement in capacity retention was obtained in the nano-scale Cu6Sn5 alloy, compared to the alloy having micron-sized particles. The volumetric capacity of the nano-scale Cu6Sn5 alloy at 100 cycles was almost twice the theoretical capacity of graphite.
sarcopenia is a highly prevalent condition in elderly individuals which is characterized by loss of muscle mass and functions; recent results showed that it is also associated with inflammation. Rehabilitation protocols for sarcopenia are designed to improve physical conditions, but very scarce data are available on their effects on inflammation We verified whether in sarcopenic patients the inflammation is reduced by rehabilitation and investigated the biological correlates of such effect.
The differences of the cytogenotoxicity and proteins expression of human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells exposed to cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) from two kinds of cigarettes were detected with CCK-8 assay, comet assay, protein microarray and western blot assay in vitro. Human B-cell lymphoblastoid cell line was exposed to CSCs from two cigarettes (which delivers approximately 3mg tar, 0.3mg nicotine, 3mg CO per cigarette for cigarette 1 and 15mg tar, 1.3mg nicotine, 15mg CO per cigarette for cigarette 2), and the exposure doses were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5×10−3 cigarettes/ml of CSCs for 24h in CCK-8 assay, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0 and 14.0×10−3 cigarettes/ml of CSCs for 4h in comet assay, and 10.0×10−3 cigarettes/ml of CSCs for 4h in protein levels analysis. The results of CCK-8 assay and comet assay in the present study suggested that the cytogenotoxicity in cigarette 2 group was significantly higher than that in cigarette 1 group. The results of protein microarray and western blot assay showed that there were the differences of the expression levels of four proteins (i.e., RAR-β, 14-3-3 sigma, XPF, and p57Kip2 Ab-7) between cigarette 1 group and cigarette 2 group. Hence, it is possible that the RAR-β, 14-3-3 sigma, XPF, and p57Kip2 Ab-7 proteins serve as the molecular biomarkers in studying the cytogenotoxicity induced by CSCs.