batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sate of charge (SOC) estimation is generally acknowledged as one of the most important functions in battery management system for lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles. Though every effort is made for various online SOC estimation methods to reliably increase the estimation accuracy as much as possible within the limited on-chip resources, little literature discusses the error sources for those SOC estimation methods. This paper firstly reviews the commonly studied SOC estimation methods from a conventional classification. A novel perspective focusing on the error analysis of the SOC estimation methods is proposed. SOC estimation methods are analyzed from the views of the measured values, models, algorithms and state parameters. Subsequently, the error flow charts are proposed to analyze the error sources from the signal measurement to the models and algorithms for the widely used online SOC estimation methods in new energy vehicles. Finally, with the consideration of the working conditions, choosing more reliable and applicable SOC estimation methods is discussed, and the future development of the promising online SOC estimation methods is suggested.
Butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMP–TFSI) ionic liquid (IL) with LiTFSI solute is used as a base electrolyte for Li/LiFePO4 cells. Three kinds of electrolyte additive, namely vinylene carbonate (VC), gamma-butyrolactone (γ-BL), and propylene carbonate (PC), with various concentrations are introduced. The thermal stability, flammability, and electrochemical properties of the electrolytes are investigated. At 25 °C, the additives (γ-BL is found to be the most effective) can significantly improve the capacity, high-rate performance, and cyclability of the cells. With an increase in temperature to 50 °C, the benefits of the additives gradually become insignificant. At 75 °C, the additives even have adverse effects. At such an elevated temperature, in the plain IL electrolyte (without additives), a LiFePO4 capacity of 152 mAh g−1 is found at 0.1 C. 77% of this capacity can be retained when the rate is increased to 3 C. These values are superior to those found for the additive-incorporated IL and conventional organic electrolytes. Moreover, negligible capacity loss is measured after 100 charge–discharge cycles at 75 °C in the plain IL electrolyte.
This resource provides a comprehensive evaluation of rodent locomotor profiles after different types of lesions to the central nervous system. The data set can guide the selection of suitable lesion paradigms, locomotor tasks and readouts in future animal studies.
Ni(OH)2 is recognized to be a promising material to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), however, the fabrication method and electrocatalytic performances of suitable Ni(OH)2 structures are still in progress. In this work, we present a facile approach to in situ fabricate highly accessible Ni(OH)2/K-Ti-O composites by hydrothermally treating NiTi foil in 5M KOH solution. Based on systemic characterizations, the Ni(OH)2 appears nanoflakes, meanwhile the K-Ti-O shows nanowires in shape, which are randomly mixed together. Serving as a binder-free non-enzymatic sensor, the Ni(OH)2/K-Ti-O/NiTi foil electrode exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a high sensitivity of 4278μAmM−1 cm−2 from 5μM to 1mM, and 1522μAmM−1 cm−2 from 1mM to 5mM. Further, the electrode can be demonstrated to have excellent selectivity, fast response, and long-term stability towards the H2O2 detection. It is found that the Ni(OH)2 plays a critical role with the synergistic effects of K-Ti-O. All our impressive performances indicate that the Ni(OH)2/K-Ti-O composites are promising electrode materials for non-enzymatic H2O2 sensors.
Herein we report Co3O4/Co@N-doped carbon nanotubes (T-Co3O4/Co@NC) as an efficient and highly stable anode material for lithium-ion batteries. T-Co3O4/Co@NC is facilely prepared via the thermal decomposition of Co3[Co(CN)6]2 in N2 and the oxidation in O2. T-Co3O4/Co@NC exhibits a high degree of graphitization and a large specific surface area, thus promoting the conductivity and providing more active sites. More importantly, the proper existence of metallic Co makes the reaction more reversible and thus leading to the improved cycling stability. Specifically, T-Co3O4/Co@NC delivers a high specific capacity of 689.2 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 400 cycles with the capacity retention rate of 99.5%. In contrast, Co3O4/Co@N-doped carbon nanoball (B-Co3O4/Co@NC) exhibits a discharge specific capacity of only 247.0 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles, and the capacity retention rate is as low as 30.1%. Furthermore, T-Co3O4/Co@NC also exhibits excellent cycling performance in a full cell, with the coulombic efficiency over 95%, capacity retention rate over 87% after 100 cycles. The improved stability is mainly attributed to the existence of metallic Co which helps to optimize the solid electrolyte interphase film and form carbon nanotubes.
Rapid growth of sensor and computing platforms have introduced the wearable systems. In recent years, wearable systems have led to new applications across all medical fields. The aim of this review is to present current state-of-the-art approach in the field of wearable system based cancer detection and identify key challenges that resist it from clinical adoption. A total of 472 records were screened and 11 were finally included in this study. Two types of records were studied in this context that includes 45% research articles and 55% manufactured products. The review was performed per PRISMA guidelines where considerations was given to records that were published or reported between 2009 and 2017. The identified records included 4 cancer detecting wearable systems such as breast cancer (36.3%), skin cancer (36.3%), prostate cancer (18.1%), and multi-type cancer (9%). Most works involved sensor based smart systems comprising of microcontroller, Bluetooth module, and smart phone. Few demonstrated Ultra-Wide Band (i.e. UWB) antenna based wearable systems. Skin cancer detecting wearable systems were most comprehensible ones. The current works are gradually progressing with seamless integration of sensory units along with smart networking. However, they lack in cloud computing and long-range communication paradigms. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are key ports that need to be attached with current wearable systems. Further, clinical inertia, lack of awareness, and high cost are altogether pulling back the actual growth of such system. It is well comprehended that upon sincere orientation of all identified challenges, wearable systems would emerge as vital alternative to futuristic cancer detection.
Over the last 20 years, innovations have led to the development of exciting new technologies and novel applications of established technologies, collectively increasing the scale, scope, and quality of research possible in tidal marsh systems. Thus, ecological research on marshes is being revolutionized, in the same way as ecological research more generally, by the availability of new tools and analytical techniques. This perspective highlights current and potential applications of novel research technologies for marsh ecology. These are summarized under several themes: (1.) imagery — sophisticated imaging sensors mounted on satellites, drones, and underwater vehicles; (2.) animal tracking — acoustic telemetry, passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and satellite tracking, and (3.) biotracers — investigation of energy pathways and food web structure using chemical tracers such as compound-specific stable isotopes, isotope addition experiments, contaminant analysis, and eDNA. While the adoption of these technological advances has greatly enhanced our ability to examine contemporary questions in tidal marsh ecology, these applications also create significant challenges with the accessibility, processing, and synthesis of the large amounts of data generated. Implementation of open science practices has allowed for greater access to data. Newly available machine learning algorithms have been widely applied to resolve the challenge of detecting patterns in massive environmental datasets. The potential integration on digital platforms of multiple, large data streams measuring physical and biological components of tidal marsh ecosystems is an opportunity to advance science support for management responses needed in a rapidly changing coastal landscape.
Post-mortem studies have shown the maturation of the brain’s myelinated white matter, crucial for efficient and coordinated brain communication, follows a nonlinear spatio-temporal pattern that corresponds with the onset and refinement of cognitive functions and behaviors. Unfortunately, investigation of myelination in vivo is challenging and, thus, little is known about the normative pattern of myelination, or its association with functional development. Using a novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging technique sensitive to myelin we examined longitudinal white matter development in 108 typically developing children ranging in age from 2.5 months to 5.5 years. Using nonlinear mixed effects modeling, we provide the first in vivo longitudinal description of myelin water fraction development. Moreover, we show distinct male and female developmental patterns, and demonstrate significant relationships between myelin content and measures of cognitive function. These findings advance a new understanding of healthy brain development and provide a foundation from which to assess atypical development.
Patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) may exhibit a high risk of cognitive impairment (CI) by disruption of white matter (WM) integrity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is recommended as a sensitive method to explore whole brain WM alterations at an asymptomatic stage of the disease, which might be correlated with underlying cognitive disorders. We aim to investigate alterations in WM microstructures and evaluate the relationships between the mean values of diffusion metrics (FA, MD, AD, and RD) and cognitive assessments in SIVD patients. Fifty SIVD patients with (SVCI, N = 25) and without (pre-SVCI, N = 25) cognitive impairments and normal controls (NC, N = 23) underwent DTI and neuropsychological examinations. DTI data were analyzed via TBSS to detect significant changes in WM tracts. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate relationships between the mean values of diffusion indices and the cognitive assessments. In general, extensive symmetrically altered areas that involved approximately the entire cerebral WM were noted in the pre-SVCI group but were less distinct than that noted in the SVCI group compared with NCs. The genu of corpus callosum exhibited the most damaged WM fiber. Throughout WM, FA was decreased, whereas MD, AD, and RD were increased. Some specific WM tracts in patient groups were significantly correlated with the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cognitive assessments about executive functions and processing speed. WM integrity has already been damaged at the pre-SVCI stage, which would be associate with future cognitive dysfunction. DTI could potentially establish early biomarkers to detect underlying mechanisms of SIVD.
In this paper, the electrochemical properties and performances of all-solid-state lithium polymer batteries (LPBs) using standard PEO-based solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are reported and discussed. The assembled cell showed stable charge–discharge cycles (>150 cycles) at 30 °C. This is due to desirable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formation at the SPE | cathode interface at the first cycle indicated by activation energy measurements for interfacial Li ion exchange reaction. However, sudden capacity fading for prolonged electrochemical cycles was indicated by an accelerated aging test at higher current density (1 C) and temperature conditions (60 °C), accompanied by an increase of electrochemical polarization. This degradation phenomenon may be fatal for practical usage of large-scale batteries which requires extremely long-time durability. Two sequential factors affecting the capacity fading are proposed through the studies of in situ19F-NMR imaging, real-time monitoring of the total cell thickness, and electrochemical measurements such as AC impedance. One factor is degradation of the cathode sheet or cathode composite assembly, owing to cyclic volumetric change from the two-phase LiFePO4–FePO4 reaction. Such degradation leads to uneven electric contact at the electrode | electrolyte interface, thereby enhancing local electrochemical polarization. The second factor, namely, Li salt decomposition, is triggered by this local polarization, giving rise to the continuous capacity fading and the increase of polarization. This degradation scenario can be general enough to include the full range of all-solid-state LPB devices, since the trigger of degradation owes to non-fluidity of solid | solid contact, or solid electrolytes cannot immerse into the cavities caused by pulverization of cathode particles unlike liquid electrolytes. On the basis of these results, we attempted to improve the mechanical properties of the binder materials of cathode sheets, and demonstrated improved cyclic durability.
Attending music festivals is a popular pastime. However, there will unfortunately always be a share of fans who, for a wide variety of reasons, are unable to visit a festival of their choice in person. This article reports on the expectations users have about being able to immersively experience music festivals from the comfort of their living room. Out of these expectations, we distill an approach for remote festival engagement that is centered around the concept of blending respectively professional and user-generated content. We then crystallize our approach into a Smart TV application called WanderCouch and let prospective users evaluate it in a simulated live setting. The resulting findings suggest that the proposed solution, among other things, exhibits the potential to improve on the experience provided by traditional (TV) coverages of music festivals, to have a positive impact on both immersion and level of engagement with concerts, and to transfer a veracious impression of the festival’s general theme and on-site atmosphere.
The effect of diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) as a bifunctional additive on the performance of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2/graphite batteries cycled at elevated temperature was evaluated. The batteries with 1.0wt.% DPDS exhibited a capacity retention of 68.4% after 100 cycles under 55°C, which was higher than that without DPDS (44.4%). In addition, the self-discharge of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2/graphite battery was also suppressed in a storage test at 85°C for 8h by adding 1.0wt.% DPDS in the electrolyte. Linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry combined with density functional theory calculations indicated that DPDS was oxidized and reduced prior to the solvent to participate in the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films on the cathode and anode simultaneously. The alternating current impedance and X-ray diffraction suggest that the SEI films derived from DPDS are helpful for enhancing the interface performance of the electrodes and protecting the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 and graphite structures from deterioration during high-temperature cycling, which is responsible for the improvement in the performance of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2/graphite batteries at elevated temperature.
Because of high lithium storage capacity, high first coulombic efficiency and low cost, Li2MoO3 has become a very attractive anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its cycling stability and severe polarization need further improvement. Besides, its reaction mechanism is unclear. In this work, Li2MoO3 is synthesized through ball milling and thermal reduction, and its electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism are investigated as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The synthesized Li2MoO3 shows excellent cycling stability with high capacity. At a current density of 100mAg−1, it presents a first discharge capacity of about 835mAhg−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of 97.6%. After 150 cycles, a discharge capacity of 902mAhg−1 is preserved. At a current density of 1600mAg−1, the compound exhibits a stable discharge capacity of about 556mAhg−1. It is revealed that the synthesized Li2MoO3 follows mixed insertion/conversion reaction mechanism.
The necessary reduction of the human footprint demanded by Sustainable Development can be measured by the entropy flow of the society to the environment. The classic tools of process evaluation as e.g. exergetic or life cycle analysis are able to evaluate existing solutions. But their use during the design phase is quite limited because of lacking information about the system and its components. They may be helpful for evolutionary development strategies on a long term only. But reversible process structures can be used as benchmarks already in the conceptual design phase to introduce the demands of the second law. It can be shown that basic human demands on housing, mobility, communication, and infrastructure and industry can be principally supplied by reversible process structures. Because the process logic is a virtual one, real processes can be engineered with a reversible structure however its components produce irreversible entropy flows. Hybrid cars are the most common examples here. The use of exergetic efficiencies allows a transfer of the results of reversible structures to real technology easily. The here presented methodology of sustainable engineering can be summarized by three design rules as using reversible structures, considering technology by exergetic efficiencies, and minimizing components’ entropy export. The still increasing utilization of electricity in upcoming technologies is very helpful for introducing reversible structures within hybrid technologies.
A simple solution processing method is developed to achieve a uniform and scalable stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) coating on a Li-ion negative electrode. A solvent and binder system for the SLMP coating is developed, including the selection of solvent, polymer binder, and optimization of polymer concentration. The optimized binder solution is a 1% concentration of polymer binder in xylene; a mixture of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) and polystyrene (PS) is chosen as the polymer binder. Results show that long-sustained, uniformly dispersed SLMP suspension can be achieved with the optimized binder solution. The uniform SLMP coating can be achieved using a simple “doctor blade” coating method, and the resulting SLMP coating can be firmly glued on the anode surface. By using SLMP to prelithiate the negative electrode, improvements in electrochemical performances are demonstrated in both graphite/NMC and SiO/NMC full cells.
A cooperative research program on the thermal characterization and safety of lithium batteries is being carried out at IIT/Center for Electrochemical Science and Engineering and Tohoku University. This research includes experimental work for commercial lithium secondary batteries and performance prediction for scaled-up batteries. In this work, we present a set of thermal characterization experiments for lithium secondary battery cells under normal and abuse conditions. These show that the rise in cell temperature depends strongly on cell chemistry as well as discharge rate. Computer simulation of the cycling of scaled-up lithium batteries shows that the cell temperature profile also depends strongly on the surface cooling rate. An effective thermal management system is required to operate these batteries safely. This paper reviews the basic information needed for intrinsically safe design.
This study examined how dyslexia affects students’ ability to benefit from higher education, the strategies that successful students with these problems use, and the support offered by the higher education institutions. Results from interviews, self-reports and testing of 53 university students and 42 lecturers from 3 Swedish universities showed that students with dyslexia have problems with a number of skills and academic tasks, e.g. note taking and expressing ideas in writing. Many of the students described that their difficulties were long-standing and had been experienced already in elementary school. The students seemed to compensate via additional time for examinations, access to dyslexia tutors and support by information technology. The results indicate that there are significant knowledge gaps in the educational institutions regarding students who have dyslexia.
Grazing livestock freely select landscape resources, unless they are herded or constrained by fences. Automated animal control (AAC) systems offer an alternative to physical fences by using animal-positioning technology and aversive stimuli to deter animals from staying in sensitive environments and so limit their impact. This paper reports on a replicated field experiment completed to test whether occasional stimuli (audio cue followed by a mild electric stimulus), delivered by discontinuously activated AAC collars, could suffice to modify the grazing behavior of groups of cattle. Four groups of eight steers were confined in 8-ha rectangular paddocks that had an ad libitum supplement feeder located in one end to attract cattle. The steers' positional information was recorded continuously for 3 d using a GPS receiver encased in a collar fitted around their neck. These data were used to characterize their use of the paddocks without intervention. Subsequently a restriction zone was activated on the collars. This zone contained the supplement feeders and represented approximately 10% of the paddock area. Cattle movement was again monitored during a second 3-d period, in which the steers were subjected to discontinuous aversive stimuli (5min of stimulation followed by a random 0–30min interval without stimulation) if they were located inside or moved into the restriction zone. Cattle visits to the restriction zone were shorter and the return interval longer when steers were subjected to discontinuous stimulation. Overall, there was a 97% reduction in the use of the restriction zone between the first and second deployments. These results suggest that grazing impact can be drastically reduced by making a zone less desirable through discontinuous aversive stimulation. Such a discontinuous (25% of the time on) AAC system can reduce power consumption in collars and so help overcome energy supply limitations that hinder commercial AAC applications.
Trichoderma harzianum Rifai is a well-known biological control agent (BCA) effective against a wide range of phytopathogens. Since colonization and persistence in the target niche is crucial for biocontrol effectiveness we aimed to: (i) shed light on the olive roots colonization process by T. harzianum CECT 2413, (ii) unravel the fate of its biomass upon application, and (iii) study the in planta interaction with the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Fluorescently-tagged derivatives of CECT 2413 and V. dahliae and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used. In vitro assays showed for the first time mycoparasitism of V. dahliae by T. harzianum, evidenced by events such as hyphal coiling. In planta assays revealed that CECT 2413 profusely colonized the rhizoplane of olive roots. Interestingly, biomass of the BCA was visualized mainly as chlamydospores. This observation was independent on the presence or absence of the pathogen. Evidence of inner colonization of olive roots by CECT 2413 was not obtained. These results suggest that CECT 2413 is not able to persist in a metabolically-active form when applied as a spore suspension. This may have strong implications in the way this BCA should be introduced and/or formulated to be effective against Verticillium wilt of olive.