batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
This report unravels the dependence of the microstructure and electrochemical performances of Li-rich layered transition metal oxide (LLMO) on the molecular structure of polymer templates for the formation of oxalate precursor. A representative LLMO, Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13, is synthesized by co-precipitation method, and three samples, LLMO-PVP, LLMO-PEG and LLMO-PVA, are obtained with polymer templates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), respectively. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting products are analyzed with SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, ICP, and XPS, and their electrochemical performances as cathode of Li-ion battery are evaluated with EIS, GITT and charge/discharge tests. It is found that LLMO-PVP exhibits the best performances, followed by LLMO-PEG, while LLMO-PVA behaves poorest. This difference is ascribed to the various microstructures of the resulting products, which are determined by the molecular structure of polymer templates.
Thio-Lithium Superionic Conductor (Thio-LISICON) Li10GeP2S12 equivalent Li10SnP2S12 (LSPS) is comparable in ionic conductivity yet with a lower cost as an electrolyte for all solid-state batteries (ASSBs). ASSBs with LSPS solid electrolyte (SE), lithium-indium alloy anode, and LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode were successfully fabricated and their electrochemical performance at 60 °C was examined. Atomic layer deposition of Li3NbO4 on LCO was conducted to improve the interfacial stability. The Li3NbO4 coating effectively improves the cycle stability of the ASSB. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests indicate a rapid growth of charge transfer resistance upon cycling for the cell with the uncoated LCO, primarily due to the surface instability and build-up of a space charge layer. However, the ASSBs with Li3NbO4 coated LCO show a more stable interface with a negligible impedance increase upon cycling, attributable to the buffering and passivating roles of the Li3NbO4 coating. The interfacial microstructure was analyzed to elucidate at the underlying reasons for the impedance increase and the pivotal role of the Li3NbO4 coating.
Li-S batteries, though promising for long-distance electrical vehicles, are still not practically viable mainly due to the short cycling life arising from the polysulfide shuttle. Herein, we demonstrate a Li/polysulfide battery with 3D nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid aerogel as the binder-free and self-standing host for liquid polysulfide-containing catholyte. Hetero-dopants of nitrogen and CNT additives are found to significantly improve the electrochemical performances due to the abundant active catholyte/electrolyte interfaces, high rate charge-transfer paths, and spatially uniform depositing/stripping of reactants. The final hybrid aerogel achieves long cycling stability (0.11% capacity fading rate for 400 cycles) and high rate capability (767mAh/gsulfur at 2C rate) at a high areal sulfur loading weight of ~6mg/cm2.
Differential effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is more commonly determined by tolerability than efficacy. Cognitive effects of AEDs can adversely affect tolerability and quality of life. This study evaluated cognitive and EEG effects of lacosamide (LCM) compared with carbamazepine immediate-release (CBZ-IR). A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, two-period crossover, fixed-dose study in healthy subjects compared neuropsychological and EEG effects of LCM (150mg, b.i.d.) and CBZ-IR (200mg, t.i.d.). Testing was conducted at screening, predrug baseline, the end of each treatment period (3-week titration; 3-week maintenance), and the end of each washout period (4weeks after treatment). A composite Z-score was derived for the primary outcome variable (computerized cognitive tests and traditional neuropsychological measures) and separately for the EEG measures. Other variables included individual computer, neuropsychological, and EEG scores and adverse events (AEs). Subjects included 60 healthy adults (57% female; mean age: 34.4years [SD: 10.5]); 44 completed both treatments; 41 were per protocol subjects. Carbamazepine immediate-release had worse scores compared with LCM for the primary composite neuropsychological outcome (mean difference=0.33 [SD: 1.36], p=0.011) and for the composite EEG score (mean difference=0.92 [SD: 1.77], p=0.003). Secondary analyses across the individual variables revealed that CBZ-IR was statistically worse than LCM on 36% (4/11) of the neuropsychological tests (computerized and noncomputerized) and 0% of the four EEG measures; none favored CBZ-IR. Drug-related AEs occurred more with CBZ-IR (49%) than LCM (22%). Lacosamide had fewer untoward neuropsychological and EEG effects and fewer AEs and AE-related discontinuations than CBZ-IR in healthy subjects. Lacosamide exhibits a favorable cognitive profile.
Management of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), a long-lived flatfish, is complicated by possible ontogenic and sex-specific variation in migration. Archival tags promise the ability to help uncover long-term movement patterns at the individual level, if the tags can be retained and recovered from healthy fish. We examined fifteen individuals (69–90 cm fork length) for long-term physiological response to intracoelomic implantation of three types of archival tags: fully internal, internal with right angle protruding light stalk, and internal with straight protruding light stalk. Tags represented 0.05–0.16% of initial fish weights. Fish were reared at 10.8 ± 1.1°C for 59 weeks post-surgery. One fish died after 39 weeks from thermal stress unrelated to the surgical procedure. Temporal variation in behavior of tagged fish was indistinguishable from that of controls (n = 15 tagged, 5 controls). Treatment and control-group fish grew at similar rates. No tag expulsion or physiological response was evident in the individual that died at 39 weeks, but nine of eleven individuals dissected at the end of 59 weeks had developed internal responses. These responses ranged from deposition of fibrous protein and/or calcitic material on tag surfaces to partial or full tag encapsulation in either the visceral peritoneal layer (fully-internal tags) or the intestinal mesenteries (stalk-bearing tags). The responses were within the range reported for other pleuronectids implanted with tags of similar configuration and may have implications for design and interpretation of long-term tagging studies. Encapsulation may reduce the probability of tag recoveries even in the absence of tag expulsion, especially in species eviscerated at sea.
Dual-phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanocrystallines are prepared by a hydrothermal process and subsequent heat treatment. The as-prepared Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanocrystallines measure around 15–25nm in size and have abundant phase interfaces. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that dual-phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 exhibit good electrochemical performance over individual single-phase Li4Ti5O12, especially at high current rates. Initial discharge capacities of dual-phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanocrystallines are 241 and 202mAhg−1 at discharge rates of 0.2 and 5C, respectively. Even after 50 cycles at 20C, the capacity still remains 140mAhg−1, which is four times greater than that of single-phase Li4Ti5O12 (29mAhg−1). The high electrochemical performance indicates that dual-phase Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanocrystallines are highly promising anode materials for lithium ion battery applications.
Outdoor production of poultry is rapidly increasing, which could be associated with increased risks for exposure to different environmental sources of Salmonella. We report a comparison on the occurrence of Salmonella during 2007–2015 in broilers and laying hens in outdoor and indoor production subjected to the same requirements for the prevention and control of Salmonella as applied in Sweden.
A PV/T system faces the difficulty of high-temperature dissipation as a result of low heat-exchange efficiency and winter freezing challenges that badly influence the performance of the system and even damage the PV/T. These problems can be addressed by using of the PCM in a PV/T system. The PCM can absorb heat in the daytime to reduce the operating temperature of the PV cell, and release heat at night to prevent the system from freezing in winter. In this study, a PV/T with PCM was designed and constructed by the authors. A series of experiments were done to compare the performance of the PV/T with PCM with a normal water-pipe-based PV/T during the daytime and night respectively. Physical-mathematical models were developed to simulate the transient performance of the PV/T with PCM. The data was analyzed, compared and validated with the experimental results. The results for the daily electrical efficiencies of the PV/T with PCM and water-pipe-based PV/T are 12.1% and 11.9% respectively, while the thermal efficiencies of two systems are 42.3% and 44.5% respectively. Also, the temperature of the PV/T with PCM is obviously higher at night in winter. This shows that PCM can improve the performance of a PV/T system. The results reveal good agreements between model simulation and experimental measurement with sufficient confidence. The design parameter analysis shows that the PV/T with single melting-temperature PCM panels can hardly meet the two requirements which are cooling the collector during daytime and preventing it from freezing at night. The study also reveals that increasing the thickness of the PCM can improve the collector’s antifreeze function.
Polymer electrolyte has been considered to eliminate the safety issue that caused by the lithium dendrite growth in the liquid electrolyte for the high-energy lithium metal battery. However, the practical applications of polymer electrolyte are still impeded by the low Li ionic conductivity, weak interfacial compatibility, low thermal stability and narrow electrochemical window. In this study, we have proposed a novel modified silyl-terminated polyether based polymer electrolyte by a cross-linking fabrication method. With a three-dimensional network structure, the amorphous polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity (~ 0.36mScm−1) at room temperature, much higher thermal stability (Tm = 379°C), high lithium ion transference number (~ 0.65), stable electrochemical window up to 5.0V (vs. Li+/Li) and an excellent compatibility to the electrode. With LiFePO4 cathode and this polymer electrolyte, the lithium metal battery delivers the high specific capacity of ~ 130mAhg−1 at 1C rate over 300 cycles, and ~ 105mAhg−1 at 3C rate with a superb cycling stability over 600 cycles at room temperature. We believe that this polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate for the practical applications and brings a new way to develop the high performance electrolyte for the lithium metal battery.
To address the challenge of interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and electrode with a cost-efficient solution, we demonstrate a novel cathode-supported solid electrolyte membrane framework for advanced all solid state Li ion batteries. The solid electrolyte is directly cast on the cathode layer to enhance the wetting ability of solid electrolyte onto the cathode and reinforce the interfacial adhesion. Results show that the as-fabricated LiFePO4/Li solid state battery displays superior battery performances, e.g., an initial discharge capacity of 125 mA h g−1 at 0.1C at room temperature can be achieved. The proposed electrolyte framework represents a promising strategy for mass production of high performance all solid state batteries based on Li metal anodes.
A lighting professional's choice of tools is as personal as her wardrobe. Some of us dress in style while others are more concerned with comfort. Still, everyone has the same basic pieces of clothing—shoes, socks, shirt, pants, and sometimes even underwear.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a significantly increased risk of motor vehicle accidents in addition to such cognitive impairments as attention and memory deficits. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of upper airway surgery for OSA on driving and cognitive function.
Starch is the second most abundant plant-derived biomass and a major feedstock in non-food industrial applications and first generation biofuel production. In contrast to lignocellulose, detailed insight into fungal degradation of starch is currently lacking. This study explores the secretomes of Aspergillus nidulans grown on cereal starches from wheat and high-amylose (HA) maize, as well as legume starch from pea for 5 days.
This research demonstrates a flexible one-pot strategy for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) boron/nitrogen-doped networks of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)/carbon nanosheets “Line-in-Wall” hybrids (LIW-NB) based on the space-confined template method. In the synthesis, the high rate of freezing step and freeze-dried process enable the CNTs and carbon-heteroatoms sources confined in the limited space of the self-assembled NaCl salts, which are then heat-treated to obtain a B/N-doped network constructed by “Line-in-Wall” type of carbon hybrids. By combining the 3D B/N-doped carbon nanosheets network and CNTs in this unique pattern, the LIW-NB integrates advantages of three aspects: first, the doped heteroatoms enhancing electrochemical properties of carbon matrix; second, the warp-proof nanosheets supplying high specific surface area; and the extracted and embedded CNTs serving as electron conductive paths and reinforcing the whole architecture. As a result, the 3D LIW-NB shows excellent electrochemical properties: as the electrode of supercapacitors, LIW-NB exhibits high specific capacity at different current densities (389Fg−1 at 1Ag−1 and 129Fg−1 at 20Ag−1); as the lithium ion battery anode, it possesses high reversible storage capacity (1165mAhg−1 at 0.1Ag−1) and stable long cycle performance at high rate (1000 cycles at 2Ag−1).
Objective To improve surgical practice, there are several different approaches to simulation. Due to wearable technologies, recording 3D movies is now easy. The development of a virtual reality headset allows imagining a different way of watching these videos: using dedicated software to increase interactivity in a 3D immersive experience. The objective was to record 3D movies via a main surgeon's perspective, to watch files using virtual reality headsets and to validate pedagogic interest. Material and methods Surgical procedures were recorded using a system combining two side-by-side cameras placed on a helmet. We added two LEDs just below the cameras to enhance luminosity. Two files were obtained in mp4 format and edited using dedicated software to create 3D movies. Files obtained were then played using a virtual reality headset. Surgeons who tried the immersive experience completed a questionnaire to evaluate the interest of this procedure for surgical learning. Results Twenty surgical procedures were recorded. The movies capture a scene which is extended 180° horizontally and 90° vertically. The immersive experience created by the device conveys a genuine feeling of being in the operating room and seeing the procedure first-hand through the eyes of the main surgeon. All surgeons indicated that they believe in pedagogical interest of this method. Conclusions We succeeded in recording the main surgeon's point of view in 3D and watch it on a virtual reality headset. This new approach enhances the understanding of surgery; most of the surgeons appreciated its pedagogic value. This method could be an effective learning tool in the future.
The fabrication and performance evaluation of a miniature 6-cell PEMFC stack based on Micro-Electronic-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology is presented in this paper. The stack with a planar configuration consists of 6-cells in serial interconnection by spot welding one cell anode with another cell cathode. Each cell was made by sandwiching a membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) between two flow field plates fabricated by a classical MEMS wet etching method using silicon wafer as the original material. The plates were made electrically conductive by sputtering a Ti/Pt/Au composite metal layer on their surfaces. The 6-cells lie in the same plane with a fuel buffer/distributor as their support, which was fabricated by the MEMS silicon–glass bonding technology. A small hydrogen storage canister was used as fuel source. Operating on dry H2 at a 40mlmin−1 flow rate and air-breathing conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the linear polarization experiment gave a measured peak power of 0.9W at 250mAcm−2 for the stack and average power density of 104mWcm−2 for each cell. The results suggested that the stack has reasonable performance benefiting from an even fuel supply. But its performance tended to deteriorate with power increase, which became obvious at 600mW. This suggests that the stack may need some power assistance, from say supercapacitors to maintain its stability when operated at higher power.
The critical factors that determine the performance and lifetime of solid-state batteries (SSBs) are driven by the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The main challenge in fabricating all-oxide cathode composites for garnet-based SSBs has been lowering the thermal processing window in which both good contact and low interfacial resistance can be achieved. Here, we report an alternative ceramic processing strategy that enables the fabrication of all-oxide composite cathodes at an unusually low processing temperature without the use of extra sintering additives or a fluid electrolyte (polymer-gel or liquid electrolyte). We present specific examples of the most common LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 cathodes with a Li-garnet (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) solid-electrolyte. We demonstrate an infiltration step to directly synthesize the LiCoO2 cathode from metal salts in a porous LLZO scaffold, resulting in the formation of a composite cathode such as LiCoO2–LLZO on top of a dense LLZO solid electrolyte at a low processing temperature of 700 °C. A promising discharge capacity of 118 mA h g−1 (3–4.05 V) with a low interfacial resistance of 62 Ohm cm2 is realized for LiCoO2 with a lithium anode, whereas critical phase instabilities for LiFePO4 are uncovered. Our findings encourage a move away from synthesis techniques that employ particle mixing and sintering to fabricate composites. We provide a blueprint for circumventing adverse interphase reactions according to chemistry and ceramic thermal processing budgets in the preparation of these ceramic interfaces as well as for increasing the number of reaction sites for high-performing composite cathodes for Li-garnet SSBs. In addition, the ceramic methods presented are scalable and mass manufacturable for the large-scale production of such composite cathodes for future industry.
This paper presents a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell model suitable for water management analysis. In order to be integrated into a complete fuel cell vehicle simulation for real-time control and energy management designs, Energetic Macroscopic Representation is used. An experimental validation is performed and electric and gaseous behaviors are studied in particular. The integration of the developed model into a vehicle simulation, in which the FC is used as a range extender, demonstrates the use of the model and allows the study of the behavior of this system.
The growing popularity of Li-ion batteries in the field of energy storage necessitates the constant development of methods for improving their performance. To address this task, this study describes the effect of transition metal (TM = Al, Co, Fe) phosphate coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li1.0Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05O2 positive electrode materials, highlighting the importance of the TM/P mole ratio, and reveals that decreased amounts of Li residuals were observed for all coated samples. Considering Li residual removal as well as capacity and capacity retention upon cycling, the most effective surface modification was achieved in the case of a 1:1 Co/P coating, which increased initial capacity and capacity retention by 10mAhg−1 and 3%, respectively, as compared to the uncoated sample. Moreover, the beneficial effect of the above Co/P coating is also confirmed for the more Ni-rich Li1.0Ni0.91Co0.06Mn0.03O2.
In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed during the first charge of a graphite/lithium metal test cell. The graphite electrode was separated from the lithium metal electrode by a porous polyethylene membrane maintaining polysiloxane-based electrolyte with the dissolved lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB). Analysis of the EIS data indicated that films with distinct electrical properties were present on the graphite surface. The value of each component in the equivalent circuit used in the data analysis depended on the cell voltage. The magnitude of the resistance and capacitance of the surface films changed at 1.8V and 1.4V, and the magnitude of the charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance changed at ∼1.8V. The results of the EIS analysis correlated with the observed morphological changes of the graphite surface, which included formation of an island-like film and a gel-like film, as reported previously [H. Nakahara, A. Masias, S.Y. Yoon, T. Koike, K. Takeya, Proceedings of the 41st Power Sources Conference in Philadelphia, 14–17 June, 2004, p. 165].
High-performance Zn-Al layered double hydroxide nanosheets-coated spherical ZnO@C composite is successfully fabricated for use as advanced anode materials of zinc-based rechargeable batteries. It is interestingly found that the spherical ZnO@C-ZnAl layered double hydroxide (15%) composite with a proper coated content of ZnAl layered double hydroxide shows a superior cycling performance, satisfactory volume specific capacity and enhanced high-rate properties. After 400 cycles at 1C/1C and 200 cycles at 1C/5C, the ZnO@C-ZnAl layered double hydroxide (15%) exhibits enhanced capacity retention of 81.6%. In contrast, the pristine ZnO shows low capacity retention of only 46.3% after 200 cycles at 1C/1C. These performance improvements can be mainly attributable to the synergistic effect of the surface coating with Zn-Al layered double hydroxide and in-situ doping with carbon. The coated Zn-Al layered double hydroxide nanosheets can modify the“dissolution-deposition” process of ZnO anode and the doped C can enhance its electronic conductivity, eventually leading to the reduced electrochemical resistance, improved reaction reversibility, and enhanced structural stability. As a result, it is believed that the spherical ZnO@C-ZnAl layered double hydroxide (15%) composite is a promising advanced anode material for zinc-based rechargeable batteries.