batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Introduction.– Le sclérose en plaques rémittente (SEP-R) évolue par poussées espacées de rémissions. Soixante pour cent des patients présentent des troubles cognitifs. Le natalizumab est indiqué en monothérapie dans les formes très actives de SEP-R. Objectifs.– L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’évolution des troubles cognitifs chez 100 patients atteints de SEP-r et traités par natalizumab. Méthodes.– Cent patients SEP-r, diagnostiqués selon les critères révisés Mc Donalds (2005), ont été inclus dans l’étude. Le profil psychologique a été évalué avec la BCcogSEP (version française de la Brief Repeatable Battery, incluant 8 tests cognitifs). Cette batterie a été administrée avant le début du traitement par natalizumab puis après un an de traitement. Résultats.– Avant le début du traitement, 62 % des patients présentent des troubles cognitifs définis par un score pathologique pour au moins quatre subtests de la BCcogSEP. Le profil est caractérisé au premier plan par un ralentissement de la vitesse de traitement de l’information et au second plan par une diminution des capacités en mémoire de travail et des fonctions exécutives. Après la seconde évaluation, réalisée chez 77 patients, 47 % présentent des troubles cognitifs, 27 patients ont améliorés leur score entre 25 et 50 %. Discussion.– Pour le moment, ces résultats ne nous permettent pas de conclure que l’amélioration cognitive est due au natalizumab. Plusieurs hypothèse telles que l’effet d’apprentissage, l’état général (psychologique et physique) du patient au moment des deux évaluations, pourraient expliquer cette augmentation des performances cognitives. Conclusion.– Pour mieux comprendre l’effet du natalizumab sur les fonctions cognitives des patients SEP-r, il est nécessaire de comparer les résultats à ceux obtenus par un groupe témoins de patients SEP, traités par immunomodulateurs.
Porous glass (PG) offers the ability to vary pore sizes and modify surfaces, allowing membranes to be tailored for a given electrochemical application. In this contribution, the application of PG in all-vanadium redox-flow batteries (VFB) and the effect of surface modification with sulfonic acid groups were investigated, and the results were compared with those from well-known polymeric membranes. The performance of native and surface-modified PG membranes with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 20 nm and thicknesses of 300 and 500 µm was investigated by examining their self-discharge behavior, polarization curves and area resistance. A maximum power density of 77 mW cm−2 at a current density of 110 mA cm−2 was observed with the modified membrane 505FDS, and this density is approximately half the power density achieved with Nafion™ 117. The results can be related to the small vanadium crossover, high conductivity and chemical stability. Therefore, the great potential of PG membranes as separators in VFBs was shown.
The electrochemical characteristic of the aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery has been widely investigated in efforts to design a green and safe technology that can provide a highly specific capacity, high efficiency and long life for high power applications such as the smart grid and electric vehicle. It is believed that the advantages of this battery will overcome the limitations of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery with organic electrolytes that comprise safety and create high fabrication cost issues. This review focuses on the opportunities of the aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery compared to the conventional rechargeable lithium-ion battery with organic-based electrolytes. Previously reported studies are briefly summarised, together with the presentation of new findings based on the conductivity, morphology, electrochemical performance and cycling stability results. The factors that influence the electrochemical performance, the challenges and potential of the aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion battery are highlighted in order to understand and maintained the excellent battery performance.
Living with a chronic disease often means experiencing chronic treatments and regular multidisciplinary monitoring as well as a profound life-changing experience which may impact all aspects of a patients life. The patient experience of chronic disease is frequently assessed by patient reported measures (PRMs) which incorporate patients perspectives to better understand how illness, treatment and care impact the entirety of a patient’s life. The purpose of this review was to collect and review different kinds of available PRM instruments validated for chronic patients, to produce an inventory of explored concepts in these questionnaires and to identify and classify all dimensions assessing chronic patients experience.
Vanadium-based compounds hold great promise as high capacity cathode candidate for future lithium rechargeable batteries. However, developing highly stable vanadium-based cathode materials with long cycle life remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a novel layered sodium vanadium oxide, NaVO3, as a promising cathode electrode contender. This material is capable of delivering a capacity of 224.8 mAh g−1 at the current density of 150 mA g−1, and a high rate capability of 85 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 3 A g−1. Moreover, outstanding capacity retention of 77% after 1000 cycles is achieved. Ex situ characterizations verify that the excellent electrochemical performance of NaVO3 is attributed to superior structural stability and electrochemical reversibility upon long-term cycling. Furthermore, the lithium ion de/intercalation mechanism for NaVO3 is also revealed involving one electron transfer reaction between V5+ and V4+ redox couple. Considering the low cost and material sustainability as well as the outstanding electrochemical performances, we believe that NaVO3 is a highly promising cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries and our findings may help to pave the way for developing vanadium-based layered structure materials for high-performance alkali and alkaline-earth ion batteries.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are considered to be a better alternative for conventional vehicles in the matter of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and urban air pollution reduction. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used methodology to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of vehicle technologies. In this study, we compare the life cycle environmental emissions of CO2 equivalent (CO2e), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matters (PM) of the BEV with the petrol and diesel vehicles. Unlike many other literatures, this study uses the real-world energy consumption data for the environmental assessment. In addition, this study explores the possible impact of the short term and long term fluctuations in the electricity mix and the vehicle charging profile, on the life cycle emissions performance of BEV. The influence of charging profile on the well-to-tank (WTT) emissions (i.e. emissions associated with electricity production) of BEV is discussed by using hourly emissions and different possible peak and off-peak charging time frames. The results of this study proves off-peak charging is a better option to reduce the life cycle emissions, compared to peak charging. When a BEV is charged during off-peak hours instead of peak hours, the well-to-tank CO2, SO2, NOX and PM emissions per km can be reduced significantly. Also, this study emphasizes the importance of taking driving behaviors of users and auxiliary energy consumption into account. This aspect is analyzed by comparing the empirical energy consumption and the corresponding WTT emissions of BEV, with the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) standard values. The results reveal that the auxiliary energy consumption is responsible for, nearly a third of the WTT emissions.
Li-ion batteries have held a dominant position in the energy storage area for decades. However, due to the limitation of its chemistry, the energy density of Li-ion batteries is limited to ∼300 W h kg−1. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the Li-S batteries that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective and high energy density (theoretical value of cathode: ∼2600 W h kg−1). In this study, carbonized polydopamine (C-PDA)-coated hollow carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with TiO2 nanoparticles interspersed in the void space between the CNF skeleton and carbon coating layer were subtly designed. The C-PDA/TiO2/CNF composite (CTC) was integrated with the commercial separator as a polysulfide filter to achieve high-performance Li-S batteries. It is reveals that the CTC coating layer could effectively filter and reactivate the dissolved polysulfides to achieve a stabilized sulfur-based cathode. The Li-S battery assembled by this integrated separator and the regular cathode (sulfur/Ketjen black) with 72.7 wt% of sulfur achieved a high specific capacity and low decay rate (632.5 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and 0.06% per cycle) at 2.0C for 500 cycles. These good results indicate that the C-PDA/TiO2/CNF-modified separator could be a promising separator candidate for high performance Li-S batteries.
Greenhouse gas mitigation strategies are generally considered costly with world leaders often engaging in debate concerning the costs of mitigation and the distribution of these costs between different countries. In this paper, the analyses and results of the design of a 100% renewable energy system by the year 2050 are presented for a complete energy system including transport. Two short-term transition target years in the process towards this goal are analysed for 2015 and 2030. The energy systems are analysed and designed with hour-by-hour energy system analyses. The analyses reveal that implementing energy savings, renewable energy and more efficient conversion technologies can have positive socio-economic effects, create employment and potentially lead to large earnings on exports. If externalities such as health effects are included, even more benefits can be expected. 100% Renewable energy systems will be technically possible in the future, and may even be economically beneficial compared to the business-as-usual energy system. Hence, the current debate between leaders should reflect a combination of these two main challenges.
Herein, we investigated the synthesis of a bifunctional catalyst particle system for aqueous metal-air batteries. To target a system which possesses both, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) capabilities, γ-MnO2 microparticles were combined with NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) to a core-shell system. NiFe-LDH can be optimized in its constituency to yield a very low onset potential (at 10mA cm−2) for the oxygen evolution reaction of only 569mV vs. Hg/HgO. We investigated different coating processes (in-situ precipitation coating and sonochemical assisted coating) in order to create a bifunctional system of LDH shell@γ-MnO2 core. It was found that the overall catalytic functionality of the bifunctional system strongly depends on the coating process, as this ultimately determines the surface nature and thus the behavior in ORR and OER reactions, respectively, of this core-shell system.
Bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxides were synthesized via a room temperature aqueous route. They were galvanostatically tested as intercalation cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries at 1mAcm−2 between 1.5 and 4.3V. In sharp contrast to severe capacity fading of unmodified amorphous manganese oxide synthesized by the same route, a stable cycling performance of the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide was observed. After an initial drop from 185 to 145mAhg−1 in around 10 cycles, the capacity of the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide remains essentially unchanged for another 40 cycles. Based on results from X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry (CV) characterization, it is suggested that an electrochemically active and stable local structure evolves inside the bismuth-modified amorphous manganese oxide upon initial cycling, leading to the stabilized cycling performance for subsequent cycles.
The hydroquinone monosulfonate-doped polypyrrole (PPy-HQS) nanowires were successfully fabricated by potentiostatic electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py) inside the pores of home-made through-hole anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. The AAO templates with a nominal pore diameter of 80nm were prepared by a two-step anodization process. The potentiostatic electropolymerization of HQS-doped polymer nanowires was carried out in 0.1M NaClO4, or 0.1M LiClO4 or 0.1M citric acid containing 0.05M pyrrole and 0.05M potassium hydroquinone monosulfonate. The synthesized PPy-HQS nanowire arrays were tested as potential potentiometric pH sensors. It was found that pH sensors based on PPy-HQS nanowires exhibited better electrochemical performance toward pH sensing than those based on PPy-HQS thin films. The best potentiometric response to pH changes and a very good stability in time showed the sensor based on the PPy-HQS nanowires polymerized in a 0.1M LiClO4 solution.
We present an exclusively thermodynamics based derivation of a Butler–Volmer expression for the intercalation exchange current in Li ion insertion batteries. In this first paper we restrict our investigations to the actual intercalation step without taking into account the desolvation of the Li ions in the electrolyte. The derivation is based on a generalized form of the law of mass action for non ideal systems (electrolyte and active particles). To obtain the Butler–Volmer expression in terms of overpotentials, it is necessary to approximate the activity coefficient of an assumed transition state as function of the activity coefficients of electrolyte and active particles. Specific considerations of surface states are not necessary, since intercalation is considered as a transition between two different chemical environments without surface reactions. Differences to other forms of the Butler–Volmer used in the literature [1,2] are discussed. It is especially shown, that our derivation leads to an amplitude of the exchange current which is free of singular terms which may lead to quantitative and qualitative problems in the simulation of overpotentials. This is demonstrated for the overpotential between electrolyte and active particles for a half cell configuration.
Cigarette smokers with brain damage involving the insular cortex display cessation of tobacco smoking, suggesting that this region may contribute to nicotine addiction. In the present study, we speculated that molecules in the insular cortex that are sensitive to experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice might provide leads to ameliorate nicotine addiction. Using targeted lipidomics, we found that TBI elicited substantial increases of a largely uncharacterized lipid, N-acyl-glycine, N-oleoyl-glycine (OlGly), in the insular cortex of mice. We then evaluated whether intraperitoneal administration of OlGly would alter withdrawal responses in nicotine-dependent mice as well as the rewarding effects of nicotine, as assessed in the conditioned place preference paradigm (CPP). Systemic administration of OlGly reduced mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal responses in nicotine-dependent mice and prevented nicotine CPP. However, OlGly did not affect morphine CPP, demonstrating a degree of selectivity. Our respective in vitro and in vivo observations that OlGly activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and the PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 prevented the OlGly-induced reduction of nicotine CPP in mice suggests that this lipid acts as a functional PPAR-α agonist to attenuate nicotine reward. These findings raise the possibility that the long chain fatty acid amide OlGly may possess efficacy in treating nicotine addiction.
Objective To investigate changes in cortical excitability and short-term synaptic plasticity we delivered 5Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex in 11 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) before and after chronic therapy with rivastigmine. Methods Resting motor threshold (RMT), motor evoked potential (MEP), cortical silent period (CSP) after single stimulus and MEP facilitation during rTMS trains were tested three times during treatment. All patients underwent neuropsychological tests before and after receiving rivastigmine. rTMS data in patients were compared with those from age-matched healthy controls. Results At baseline, RMT was significantly lower in patients than in controls whereas CSP duration and single MEP amplitude were similar in both groups. In patients, rTMS failed to induce the normal MEP facilitation during the trains. Chronic rivastigmine intake significantly increased MEP amplitude after a single stimulus, whereas it left the other neurophysiological variables studied unchanged. No significant correlation was found between patients’ neuropsychological test scores and TMS measures. Conclusions Chronic treatment with rivastigmine has no influence on altered cortical excitability and short-term synaptic plasticity as tested by 5Hz-rTMS. Significance The limited clinical benefits related to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in patients with AD depend on factors other than improved plasticity within the cortical glutamatergic circuits.
An innovative solid–gas thermochemical multilevel sorption thermal battery is developed for cascaded solar thermal energy storage to enhance the versatility and working reliability of solar heat storage system by widening the working temperature range. Solar thermal energy can be stored in the form of bond energy of sorption potential at different cascaded temperatures resulting from solid–gas thermochemical multilevel sorption processes. The operating principle and working performance of the thermochemical multilevel sorption thermal battery for energy storage is described and analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the proposed thermochemical multilevel sorption thermal battery has the potential capacity for meeting the challenge of solar heat storage during the random variation of low and high solar insolation with time by using cascaded thermal energy storage technology. An energy density higher than 1200kJ/kg of reactant can be attained from the advanced energy storage system. The promising method can enhance the versatility and working reliability of solar heat storage due to its distinct advantages of high energy density and a wide range of solar collection temperature when compared with conventional heat storage methods. It has potential applications for energy management of renewable energy utilization and waste heat recovery in large-scale industrial processes.
In this work, we evaluated the chemical compatibility of 1.0m (molality) lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) 1:1 (w/w) propylene carbonate (PC)/ethylene carbonate (EC) liquid electrolyte with lithium metal and spinel LiMn2O4 cathode using storage and cycling tests at high temperatures. Impedance analyses show that LiBOB and lithium are very compatible due to the formation of a stable passivation layer on the surface of lithium. Cycling tests of Li/Cu and Li/LiMn2O4 cells, respectively, show that lithium can be plated and stripped in LiBOB-based electrolyte with more than 80% cycling efficiency, and that this electrolyte can support LiMn2O4 cycling reversibly up to 60°C without visible capacity loss. Using LiBOB-based liquid electrolyte and porous Kynar® membrane, microporous gel electrolyte (MGE) Li-ion cells were assembled and evaluated. Results show that the MGE cell presents an improved cycling performance compared with a liquid cell, especially at elevated temperatures. It is confirmed that the LiBOB-based gel electrolyte Li-ion batteries can be operated at 60°C with good capacity retention.
Preparation and properties of CuO nanoparticles as an important p-type semiconductor via a simple precipitation method at different reaction temperatures varying from 10 to 115°C using copper acetate as a starting material have been reported. In addition, we investigated the influence of the ultrasonic irradiation through synthesizing the nanosized CuO at 60°C. Samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and UV-Vis techniques. XRD patterns of samples were identical to the single-phase pure CuO with a monoclinic structure. FT-IR spectra exhibited sharp peaks at around 519 and 598 cm−1 which can be assigned to vibrations of the Cu-O bond. Results indicated that properties of samples had great dependence on the temperature and ultrasonic irradiation. The crystallite size and crystallization increased with increasing the temperature from 10 to 115°C. The band gap of samples was estimated to be in the range of 1.9–2.9 eV that is larger than the reported value for the bulk CuO (1.85 eV). This study provides a simple method for the preparation of nanosized CuO with a better surface uniformity and a narrow size distribution. Synthesized CuO samples with adjustable and controllable optical properties make the applicability of copper oxide even more versatile.
We report the synthesis of a new composite electrode based on nanosized-manganese oxide and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by electrophoretic deposition of CNTs on a stainless steel (SS) substrate followed by direct spontaneous reduction of MnO4 − ions to MnO2 to form the multi-scaled SS–CNT–MnO2 electrode. The resulting material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge in a 0.65M K2SO4 aqueous solution. The binderless SS–CNT–MnO2 nanocomposite electrode shows a very high specific capacitance of 869F/g of CNT–MnO2 and good stability during long galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the highest capacitance for manganese oxide electrode ever reported. In addition to its applicability in electrochemical capacitors, this methodology could be extended to develop other high performance nanocomposite material electrodes based on carbon nanotubes and metal oxide for the future generation of electrochemical power sources.
Upper and lower crop water stress index (CWSI) baselines adaptable to different environments and times of day are needed to facilitate irrigation scheduling with infrared thermometers. The objective of this study was to develop dynamic upper and lower CWSI baselines for corn and soybean. Ten-minute averages of canopy temperatures from corn and soybean plots at four levels of soil water depletion were measured at North Platte, Nebraska, during the 2004 growing season. Other variables such as solar radiation (Rs), air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u), and plant canopy height (h) were also measured. Daily soil water depletions from the research plots were estimated using a soil water balance approach with a computer model that used soil, crop, weather, and irrigation data as input. Using this information, empirical equations to estimate the upper and lower CWSI baselines were developed for both crops. The lower baselines for both crops were functions of h, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), Rs, and u. The upper baselines did not depend on VPD, but were a function of Rs and u for soybean, and Rs, h, and u for corn. By taking into account all the variables that significantly affected the baselines, it should be possible to apply them at different locations and times of day. The new baselines developed in this study should facilitate the application of the CWSI method as a practical tool for irrigation scheduling of corn and soybean.