batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The interactive effects of mixed pollutants in sewage wastewater on biomarker responses were investigated using wild male African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Morogoro, Tanzania. A total of 58 fish were used, of which 21 were from Mindu dam (reference site) and 22, 9 and 10 from Mafisa, Mazimbu and Mzumbe sewage ponds, respectively. Liver somatic index (LSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were significantly greater (two- to threefold) and (five- to sixfold), respectively, in fish from all sewage ponds. Haemoglobin concentration and gill filament 7-ethoxyresurufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities were significantly higher (1.2-fold and twofold, respectively) in fish from Mzumbe sewage ponds than in fish from Mindu dam, whereas liver EROD activity was significantly higher in fish from Mzumbe and Mafisa sewage ponds (5-fold). A HPLC method for determination of enzymatically formed p-nitrophenyl-glucuronide (PNPG) was developed and applied to measure UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activities that was significantly higher in fish from all sewage ponds (2–2.5-fold) than in fish from Mindu dam. Kinetic characteristics and assay dependence of UGT were studied with microsomal preparations. Metallothionein (MT) content was significantly lower (three- to fourfold) in fish from sewage ponds than in fish from Mindu dam, and corresponded with cumulative levels of cadmium, lead and mercury. Condition factor, vitellogenin (Vtg), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in plasma, eyes and brain, haematocrit, plasma protein and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were comparable in fish from sewage ponds and Mindu dam. Although specific pollutants other than the metals were not identified by chemical analysis, application of a suite of biomarkers in C. gariepinus demonstrated that all sewage ponds were contaminated by pollutants of public health concern.
We synthesized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials by using ammonia-mediated carbonate precipitation, and we studied how the ammonia concentration during synthesis (0.1–0.5mol/L) affected the structural, physicochemical, and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared materials. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement reveal that the amount of Li/Ni antisite defects in the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 depend much on the ammonia concentration. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 prepared at 0.3mol/L has the fewest Li/Ni antisite defects. This sample also delivers the best electrochemical performance, retaining a capacity of 133.5 mAh g−1 after 20 cycles at 0.1C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms that the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 prepared at 0.3mol/L has lower charge transfer resistance, correlating with its better ion diffusion kinetics than the other materials.
This research is aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of generating electric power utilizing the pulsating energy of ascending aorta with a flexible and implantable piezoelectric generator (PG) through in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vitro study, the max output voltage (Vmax), current (Imax) and power (Pmax) of the PG were 10.3V, 400nA and 681nW respectively. The quantity of electric charging by one pulse was about 7–9nC. Factors affecting its output performance were investigated with single variable experiments. We further implanted the PG to wrap around the ascending aorta of a porcine to investigate the output performance in vivo. The Vmax and Imax of the implanted PG were 1.5V and 300nA under the heart rate of 120bpm and the blood pressure of 160/105mmHg. The instantaneous output power was 30nW with a long-lasting duration of 700ms and 77.8% duty ratio. The implanted PG could charge for a 1μF capacitor to 1.0V within 40s.
Based on physicochemical properties of the scraps of spent aerospace magnetic materials, a roasting – magnetic separation followed by sulfuric acid leaching process was proposed to extract cobalt. Roasting was performed at 500 °C to remove organic impurity. Non-magnetic impurities were reduced by magnetic separation and then the raw material was sieved into desired particle sizes. Acid leaching was carried out to extract cobalt from the scraps and experimental parameters included agitation speed, particle size, initial concentration of sulfuric acid and temperature. Agitation speed higher than 300 r/min had a relatively small impact on the cobalt extraction. As the particle size reduced, the content of cobalt in the raw material decreases and the extraction of cobalt by acid leaching increased at first and decreased afterwards. Raising the initial concentration of sulfuric acid and temperature contributed to improve the cobalt extraction and the influence of temperature was more remarkable. SEM image revealed that the spent aerospace magnetic materials mainly existed in the sliced strip flake with a loose surface and porous structure. Under the experimental condition, the leaching rate of cobalt from the scraps in sulfuric acid solution could be expressed as ln(−ln(1 − α)) = lnk + nlnt. The apparent activation energy was found to be 38.33 kJ/mol and it was mainly controlled by the surface chemical reaction.
Germline mutations of TSC1 (harmartin) and TSC2 (tuberin) are known to cause tuberous sclerosis (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder with severe neurological and systemic manifestations. In addition, increasing data indicate aberrant patterns of allelic variants in patients with lesion-associated epilepsy, but absence of other stigmata of TSC. Animal models of TSC suggested that mutations in the TSC2 gene, even in absence of manifest neuropathological changes, induce aberrant neuronal activity. On this basis, we have carried out a mutational analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 in patients with pharmarcoresistant focal epilepsy without evidence of epileptogenic lesions on neuroradiological and histopathological examination (n =10). SSCP analysis revealed an allelic variant of TSC2 to be significantly increased (exon 41: 50.0% vs controls 14%, P =0.0132), which previously was reported to be increased in gangliogliomas and mineralized focal cortical dysplasia as well. Our data suggest allelic imbalances of TSC2 in nonlesional focal epileptic tissue.
Composite membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) {P(VdF-HFP)} and different composition of silica have been prepared by electrospinning polymer solution containing in situ generated silica. These membranes are made up of fibers of 1–2μm diameters. These fibers are stacked in layers to produce fully interconnected pores that results in high porosity. Polymer electrolytes were prepared by immobilizing 1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in the membranes. The composite membranes exhibit a high electrolyte uptake of 550–600%. The optimum electrochemical properties have been observed for the polymer electrolyte containing 6% in situ silica to show ionic conductivity of 8.06mScm−1 at 20°C, electrolyte retention ratio of 0.85, anodic stability up to 4.6V versus Li/Li+, and a good compatibility with lithium metal resulting in low interfacial resistance. A first cycle specific capacity of 170mAhg−1 was obtained when the polymer electrolyte was evaluated in a Li/lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cell at 0.1C-rate at 25°C, corresponding to 100% utilization of the cathode material. The properties of composite membrane prepared with in situ silica were observed to be comparatively better than the one prepared by direct addition of silica.
A critical challenge for the practical use of the layered O3-type binary nickel manganese oxides for sodium-ion batteries is the poor structural stability during extended cycling. The approaches of constructing O3/P2 hybrid composites can partially improve the cycling stability, but general approaches sacrifice the advantages of high capacity and low cost of the O3-type cathodes due to excessive sodium deficiency and lithium substitution. Here, we rationally design a serial of novel O3-majority hybrid Na0.9-x Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 (x = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08) cathodes, which exhibit high capacities while maintaining exceptional long-term stability. Particularly, the optimized O3/P2 Na0.88Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 composite delivers 106.7 mA h·g−1 with 71.1% capacity retention after 250 cycles at 1 C (1C = 150 mA g−1), the cyclability is 32% higher than that of the O3Na0.9Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 cathode; and it also delivers a initial discharge capacity of 75.9 mA h·g−1, maintaining 72.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C. More importantly, the post-cycling analyses demonstrate O3/P2 hybrid phases successfully suppress the structural degradation of Na0.9Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 during battery operation. This study provides new perspectives in designing high performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
Lithium-sulfur batteries have been considered as one of the most promising candidate for replacing Li-ion batteries because of its extremely high energy density and theoretical specific capacity of sulfur cathode. However, the “shuttle effect” caused by soluble long-chain lithium polysulfides (LiPS) has impeded further development of Li–S batteries. In this work, nanosized MoS2 quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) were decorated on three-dimensional (3D) structure of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form aerogels for sulfur host, in which the MoS2 QDs provide much more unsaturated bonds to enhance chemical absorption with LiPS and rGO acts as an electron transfer pathway as well as physical absorption with LiPS. Impressively, the rGO-MoS2 QDs/S electrodes have reached an ultra-low capacity fade rate of 0.011% per cycle during 300 cycles at 2 C with an average coulomic efficiency of nearly 100%. We believe that our reasonably designed unique nanostructure can reveal its potential for high performance of Li–S batteries.
Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries that have aged on a float charge at constant voltage occasionally suffer from thermal runaway. Operating conditions for a VRLA battery have been simulated by changing the electrolyte saturation level in the separator and the ambient temperature. The charge current, battery temperature and cell overpressure were measured during current-limited constant-voltage charging. The experiments show that applied voltage, saturation level and ambient temperature are significant variables in the oxygen cycle. However, the saturation level of the electrolyte in the separator pore volume is critical. When it is lower than 80%, thermal runaway occurs readily. Significant corrosion of the positive grid and poor conductivity between the grid and the active mass (AM) is also found in aged VRLA batteries, and many inactive PbSO4 crystals appear on the negative plates. As a result, both positive and negative plates have a very high resistance, which can accelerate thermal runaway.
Researchers at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory have developed a technique for making photovoltaic polymer thin films with external quantum efficiencies 10 times greater than previously achieved.
Many health effects of oils rich in oleic acid (OA, 18:1 n9) seem to be opposite those of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n6), i.e. concerning cardiovascular risk. In recent studies in humans and in the rat we observed that percentages of OA and AA were inversely related, raising the question of whether the inverse association is a general one, and how it might be explained. In the present work we examine whether percentages of OA and AA are inversely associated in breast muscle lipids of chickens, and whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) may be related to the OA/AA ratio.
A hybrid network CuS monolith cathode, consisting of the microporous network formed by CuS sheets and particles on three-dimensional macroporous monolith Cu foam, is synthesized by a facile in situ melt-diffusion strategy without binder for Li-ion batteries. The cathode shows an abnormal capacity of 185.1 and 468.3 mAh g−1 CuS for the first and 100th cycle at a current rate of 0.2 C (1 C = 560 mA g−1), respectively. And it could recover 83.9% of the capacity after cycled at various current rates, demonstrating an excellent rate capability which outperforms many other currently available CuS cathodes.
Oxidative stress-induced damage to neurons may contribute to cognitive deficits during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Schizophrenia has a range of cognitive deficits that may evolve from oxidative stress, and this study examines this association of oxidative stress with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We recruited 296 chronic schizophrenia patients and 181 healthy control subjects and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) in both groups. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Our results showed that TAS levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (179.6±81.0U/ml vs. 194.8±46.0U/ml, p<0.05). Cognitive scores on the RBANS and nearly all of its five subscales (all p<0.001) except for the Visuospatial/Constructional index (p>0.05) were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than normal controls. For the patients, TAS was inversely associated with some domains of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, such as Attention and Immediate Memory. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and its associated cognitive impairment.
A detailed post-mortem analysis was carried out for commercial lithium ion batteries stored at 4.2 V and 4.0 V at 60 °C. Complementary electrochemical and physical–analytical investigations revealed that the most significant aging processes for the cells aged at 4.2 V were loss of cycleable lithium, decomposition of the electrolyte and loss of active cathode material (LiMn2O4/Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2). The cells aged at 4.0 V also exhibited loss of cycleable lithium, but at a smaller extent. In fact, the aged anodes did not show significant changes compared to the new anode. Electrochemical impedance measurements including symmetric laboratory test cells gained from new and aged cells revealed valuable information about changing charge-transfer processes. The 4.2 V-cathode and both aged anodes surprisingly exhibited a decreased charge-transfer resistance, while the 4.0 V-cathode’s charge-transfer resistance increased.
Today there are new interests in using metallic lithium as anode materials in lithium batteries because of its extremely large theoretical specific capacity. However, the low cycle efficiency and the lithium dendrite formation during repeated charge/discharge cycles hinder the practical application of metallic lithium anodes. Herein, we report a distinctive ZrO2/POSS multilayer deposited on PE separators by a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process to enable excellent rate capability and cycle life of lithium metal batteries. The ZrO2/POSS multilayer on PE separators weakens the solvation effect of lithium ions and significantly enhances the electrolyte uptake of separators, which is responsible for the enhanced ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number, as well as the improved Li/electrolyte interfacial stability. These advantageous characteristics of the resulting PE separators effectively decrease the electrode polarization and protect lithium metal anodes against lithium dendrites formation during repeated charge/discharge cycles, endowing LiCoO2/Li unit cells with both excellent electrochemical performance and high safety. The fundamental understanding on the effects of the micro/nano structures and properties of separators on the important electrochemistry processes at electrode/electrolyte interface of battery systems may lead to new approaches to tackle the intrinsic problems of Li metal anodes for energy storage applications.
Electrochemical properties of all-solid-state lithium batteries using lithium borohydride (LiBH4) as a solid electrolyte are presented for the first time. Despite its high conductivity and good compatibility with a lithium electrode, LiBH4 has not been considered suitable for practical applications partly due to its high reducing capability when used with metal oxides. In our investigation, it was confirmed that contact between this hydride solid lithium ion conductor and LiCoO2 results in a large interfacial resistance, and therefore significant capacity loss. In an attempt to minimize this effect, an intermediate Li3PO4 layer was employed. Our results indicate a significant improvement in both the rate and the cycle performance of LiBH4 solid electrolyte batteries, suggesting that LiBH4 can be used in practical applications as an electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium batteries.
With the Pb doping content at Sr-site increasing, a series of Sr1-xPbxLi2Ti6O14 (x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) are synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction. It is found that the reversible capacity and rate capability experience a parabolic course from SrLi2Ti6O14 to PbLi2Ti6O14. Among all the as-prepared samples, Sr0.5Pb0.5Li2Ti6O14 shows the best cycling and rate properties. It delivers an initial charge capacity of 163.2mAhg−1 at 100mAg−1 with the capacity retention of 96.08% after 100 cycles. In addition, it can also deliver a reversible capacity of 141.8mAhg−1 at 700mAg−1. The superior electrochemical properties of Sr0.5Pb0.5Li2Ti6O14 are attributed to the reduced charge transfer resistance and increased lithium-ion diffusion coefficient after doping. Besides, in-situ X-ray diffraction is also performed to investigate the lithium-ion insertion/extraction behaviors of SrLi2Ti6O14, Sr0.5Pb0.5Li2Ti6O14 and PbLi2Ti6O14. The observed results confirm that Sr0.5Pb0.5Li2Ti6O14 has good structural stability and reversibility for repeated lithium storage.
Rechargeable zinc ion battery is considered as a very promising energy storage system due to its high safety, low cost, and environmentally friendliness. Vanadium oxides with high capacity, good rate performance, and excellent cycle life are important cathode materials for zinc ion batteries. Herein, V10O24.12H2O(VOH) with large interlayer spacing and high valence state is prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and used as the cathode material in zinc ion battery. The Zn/VOH battery delivers a capacity of 327 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and exhibit excellent cycling performance with high retention capacity (115 mAh g−1) after 3000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Zinc ion and proton insertion mechanism is proposed by exploring the evolutions of the phase and morphology. Zinc ion and proton insertion mechanism is verified by different zinc salt electrolytes. The reaction kinetics tests of Zn/VOH (galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) indicate that the zinc ion insertion process has fast reaction kinetics and the proton insertion process slows down the reaction kinetics. The research of Zn/VOH system expand the cathode material of zinc ion battery and enrich the comprehension of zinc ion battery reaction mechanism.
The telecommunication and data communication businesses are experiencing strong growth and so is the demand for batteries for back-up power. The stationary lead-acid battery is the type that dominates these applications. This presentation will give some guidelines for battery scientists who want to apply their technology to back-up power. The opinion of the author is that the advanced batteries that are in the frontline today are poorly adapted to the needs of back-up power for networks. If developers of these advanced batteries are to stand a chance of achieving success in the network power market they must focus on reliability, volumetric energy density and cost.
The cathode/electrolyte interface stability is the key factor for the cyclic performance and the safety performance of lithium ion batteries. Suppression of consuming key elements in the electrode materials is essential in this concern. In this purpose, we investigate a facile strategy to solve interfacial issue for high-voltage lithium ion batteries by adding an oxidable fluorinated phosphate, Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Phosphite (BTFEP), as a sacrificial additive in electrolyte. We demonstrate that BTFEP additive could be oxidized at slightly above 4.28V which is a relatively lower voltage than that of solvents, and the oxidative products facilitate in-situ forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the cathode surface. The results manifest the SEI film validly restrains the generation of HF and the interfacial side reaction between high-voltage charged LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) and electrolyte, hence, the dissolution of Mn and Ni is effectively suppressed. Finally, the cyclic performance of LNMO after 200 cycles was remarkably improved from 68.4% in blank electrolyte to 95% in 1wt% BTFEP-adding electrolyte.
The effects of external compression on the performance and ageing of NMC(1/3)/Graphite single-layer Li-ion pouch cells are investigated using a spring-loaded fixture. The influence of pressure (0.66, 0.99, 1.32, and 1.98 MPa) on impedance is characterized in fresh cells that are subsequently cycled at the given pressure levels. The aged cells are analyzed for capacity fade and impedance rise at the cell and electrode level. The effect of pressure distribution that may occur in large-format cells or in a battery pack is simulated using parallel connected cells. The results show that the kinetic and mass transport resistance increases with pressure in a fresh cell. An optimum pressure around 1.3 MPa is shown to be beneficial to reduce cyclable-lithium loss during cycling. The minor active mass losses observed in the electrodes are independent of the ageing pressure, whereas ageing pressure affects the charge transfer resistance of both NMC and graphite electrodes and the ohmic resistance of the cell. Pressure distribution induces current distribution but the enhanced current throughput at lower pressures cell does not accelerate its ageing. Conclusions from this work can explain some of the discrepancies in non-uniform ageing reported in the literature and indicate coupling between electrochemistry and mechanics.
Iron titanium oxide (Fe1.5Ti0.5O3) nanoparticles with the diameter of about 150nm were prepared by hydrothermal process and further heat treatment at 300°C for 2h. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of Fe1.5Ti0.5O3 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium-ion batteries were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and a variety of electrochemical testing techniques. It was found that, compared with TiO2 and Fe2O3, the iron titanium oxide electrode exhibited higher specific capacity of 734.9mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at the current density of 50mAg−1, good cycle stability and high-rate performance, suggesting that the Fe1.5Ti0.5O3 nanoparticle synthesized by this method is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
TiO2 nanocrystals/graphene hybrids (TiO2-G) with ultrafine TiO2 nanocrystals (~7 nm in size) conformally coated on ultrathin graphene nanosheets (~ 2 layers thick) were successfully prepared via a facile one-pot solvothermal route under mediated conditions. With the feature of large surface area, abundant mesopores and high thermal stability, the TiO2-G nanohybrids exhibited large reversible Li-ion storage capacity with excellent cycling stability (629 mAh·g−1 after 400 cycles at a current of 60 mA·g−1) and good rate capability (184 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 3 A·g−1) due to the synergetic effects and strong interactions between the components, showing great promise in applications for advanced energy storage devices.