batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Demands of increased energy density and high-safety of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries are growing for advanced electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Nickel-rich layered oxides such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) are appealing as promising high-capacity cathode materials. Their reversible capacity increases further by charging to higher voltages than conventional 4.2 V, which is however difficult to make because of unstable cathode-electrolyte interface and structural degradation. Herein, we report the combination of NCM811 cathode active material with non-aqueous functional polyimide binder to imparts enhanced thermal stability and highly stable interface originating from in situ building-up of surface protective polyimide layer at cathode through monodentate metal-carboxylate chemical bonds during slurry preparation, which permits to charge to 4.4 V despite in commercial electrolyte without any additive. This unique active material-binder combination not only suppresses metal-dissolution and cathode degradation and produces increased reversible capacity higher than 200 mAh g−1 but also provides unprecedented non-flammable characteristics contrary to the case of conventional binder, enabling a stable operation of higher energy and safer batteries.
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are an attractive choice for grid-scale energy storage. However, LMBs suffer from magnetically induced instabilities in the tri-layered liquid system, which leads to interfacial instabilities and even short circuit. In present research, working processes of a 23 Ah Li||Sb–Sn LMB at various discharge rates (0.2 C, 0.4 C and 0.8 C) are simulated by a 2-D axisymmetric model considering magnetic fluid dynamics and electrochemical reactions. A magnetically induced flow is observed in the model. The flow promotes the mass transfer and optimizes the electrochemical performance of the LMB, while it causes electrolyte deformation and fluid instabilities. A thin electrolyte reduces ohmic losses and optimizes electrochemical performance, but increases the short circuit risk.
A surface coating of SiO2 is applied to a Ni rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material in a bid to improve its electrochemical and thermal properties. A uniform coating is achieved through a wet process using nano-sized SiO2 powder, and though the coated electrode is found to exhibit a reduced rate capability, its cycle performance at a high temperature of 60 °C is greatly enhanced. The effect of this SiO2 coating is further investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which confirms that it suppresses the growth of interfacial impedance during progressive cycles. The SiO2 coating also demonstrates good HF scavenging ability, producing a subsequent reduction in the degradation of the active core material. The thermal properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 are also improved by the SiO2 coating due to a reduction in the direct contact between the electrode and electrolyte. On the basis of these results, SiO2 coating is considered a viable surface modification method for improving the electrochemical and thermal properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2.
Straightforward and scalable fabrications of energy storage electrode materials with high electrochemical performance are of great interest for applications in batteries and supercapacitors. Herein, we report a one-step process for producing high-performance NiO/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites using a ball mill based method, which is simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. Graphite oxide (GO) and nickel power were pulverized in a ball mill, to produce NiO/RGO nanocomposites. GO played an important role in promoting a redox reaction between GO and metallic nickel, which produced a strong bond between the as-formed Ni oxide and RGO. The electrochemical performances of NiO/RGO were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement, and impedance spectroscopy. The NiO/RGO electrodes exhibited high specific capacitance (590Fg−1 at 1Ag−1), a high rate capability (88% retention at a high rate of 15Ag−1), and an excellent cycling stability (100% retention after 1000 charge/discharge cycles).
Transition metal oxides have been considered as promising lithium storage materials that undergo a conversion reaction, exhibiting high specific capacity. However, capacity fading during cycling is the most serious obstacle for their commercialization. In order to overcome this, we have added PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) to Mn2O3 nanowires. PEDOT:PSS was successfully coated onto Mn2O3 nanowires while maintaining the structure of Mn2O3. The coating of PEDOT:PSS reduced the resistance of the surface and protected the surface electron channels from the pulverization effect of the charge–discharge operation. α-Mn2O3/PEDOT:PSS showed excellent cyclability with a reversible capacity of 1450mAhg−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 100mAg−1. An increase in capacity was observed with continuous cycling, which may be attributed to further oxidation of the manganese species and a reversible reaction of the gel-like polymer on the manganese surface. The results demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS enhances the electrochemical activity by providing electron channels and prevents pulverization caused by the charge and discharge process.
X-ray analytical instrument manufacturer PANalytical has developed a new high-performance diffractometer. The Empyrean features a new X-ray source, goniometer, sample stages and radiation enclosure. Importantly, the instrument also introduces the world's first 3D detection system, PIXcel3D. It can measure powders, thin films, nanomaterials and 3D objects. Users can switch between application setups using the company's PreFIX modules. Empyrean says the diffractometer delivers accurate and quality data with powder samples and can measure thin films using high-resolution epitaxy analysis. With nanomaterials, it can measure the size and shape of crystalline domains within the material, and structural analysis of near amorphous materials are all possible. Empyrean also offers PDF (pair distribution function), SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering), and the ability to monitor the evolution of crystalline phases in situ using the slurry flow cell stage. Using PANalytical's diffractomer. The diffractometer also incorporates what the company says is the world's first 3D detection system, called PIXcel3D. It can be used as a CT scanner performing non-destructive analysis of structures such as pharmaceutical formulations, electronic components (batteries, ICs, capacitors) and geo- and archaeological samples. www.panalytical.com
As one of the next-generation electric energy storage devices, new-born Na-ion capacitors gain more and more attention due to their merits inherited from batteries and capacitors. Herein, we propose an efficient method to prepare two tailored carbons as cathode and anode materials for high-performance Na-ion capacitors. As low-cost biowaste, fish scale (with hydroxyapatite inside) is specifically chosen as the precursor and pyrolyzed with potassium hydroxide. Due to the synergetic effect of potassium hydroxide and hydroxyapatite, well-defined hierarchical structures with interconnected pores can be realized. Moreover, the collagen within fish scale acts as precursor to form carbons with heteroatoms. By simply adjusting potassium hydroxide dosage and pyrolysis temperature, two N,O-doped hierarchical porous carbons are obtained and further employed as cathode and anode materials, respectively. The hierarchical porous carbon electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical performance in half cells due to the hybrid energy-storage features induced by rich heteroatoms and unique porosity. Consequently, the assembled Na-ion capacitor using these two hierarchical porous carbon electrodes delivers high energy density (103.2 W h kg−1), power density (15.9 kW kg−1) and long cycling lifetime (81.1% of the initial capacitance over 2500 cycles).
Decision on alternative-fuel vehicles is one of the most important problems for fleet operations. In this paper we propose a hierarchical hesitant fuzzy linguistic model that captures hesitant linguistic evaluations of multiple experts on multiple criteria for alternative-fuel vehicles. We apply the proposed model on the alternative-fuel vehicle selection problem of a home health care service provider in the USA. The results show that an electric vehicle is the best fit for the application in today’s conditions. We also show robustness of the decision through a sensitivity analysis as well as analyze three scenarios representing possible changes in conditions.
Measurements of dc conductivity on solvent-free, low dimensional polymer electrolyte complexes with lithium salts using Li metal electrodes and giving σ=10−3 Scm−1 at 25–40°C are reported. The materials are blends of the amphiphilic helical polyethers poly[2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecamethylene(5-alkyloxy-1,3-phenylene)], coded CmO5 or (I) (where m=16, 18 or equimolar 12/16 mixture is the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkyl side chains), and a polytetrahydrofuran copolymer (II) with various Li salts. Heptamer segments of II are in equimolar proportion to the repeating units of I. In Li∣ I:II:Lisalt∣Li cells, dc conductivities of 1×10−3 to 3×10−3 Scm−1 are achieved by an apparent ‘self-tracking’ process from a low level (10−7–10−6 Scm−1) over 12 to 24h. The dc results are complemented by ac impedance spectroscopy measurements with ITO electrodes that show a ‘transformation’ from the low level up to 6×10−4 Scm−1 at 20°C after a heating excursion to 100°C. The ac data also demonstrate temperature-independent conductivity, with σ=8×10−5 Scm−1 at −5°C. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and molecular dynamics modelling suggest a structure that would allow Li+ to be mobile in the polyether helices of I whilst anions are mobile in the unimpeded spaces between them. Ions transfer between the pathways of I via a matrix of II when the polymers are intimately blended.
Much progress has been made in developing high capacity lithium ion battery electrode materials such as silicon anodes. With the powerful nanomaterial design approach, cycle life of silicon anodes has been increased significantly. However, nanomaterials have three major issues to be addressed, including severe side reactions due to a large surface area, low tap density and poor scalability. Nanostructured Si secondary clusters (nano-Si SC) are promising for reducing side reactions and increasing tap density, yet the scalability and tap density could still be further improved. Here, we propose a mechanical approach for SC fabrication to address all the problems. With the mechanical approach, >20 g of nano-Si SC per batch was produced even at our university lab scale, with >95% yield. Moreover, much denser packing of nanostructures can be achieved (1.38 g cm−3, pellet form), which gives much higher tap density (0.91 g cm−3, powder form) and better electrical contact. Accordingly, over 95% of initial capacity is retained after 1400 cycles at 1C, with an average specific capacity of ∼1250 mA h g−1. Stable cycling with >2 mg cm−2 of areal mass loading (∼3.5 mA h cm−2) is obtained. After uniformly integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into SCs, intracluster electrical conductivity is further improved. As a result, notably enhanced rate capability is attained, with a high reversible specific capacity of ∼1140 mA h g−1 and ∼880 mA h g−1 at 2C and 4C, respectively.
This essay develops its idiosyncrasy by concentrating primarily on the trend of body hacking. The practitioners, self-defined as body hackers, self-made cyborgs or grinders, work in different ways to develop functional and physiological modifications through the contributions of technology. Their goal is to develop by themselves an empirically man-technique fusion. These dynamic “scientific” subcultures are producing astonishing innovations. From pocket-sized kits that sample human DNA, microchip implants that keep tabs on our internal organs, blood sugar levels or moods, and even 3D printers that produce tailored hip replacements, the technical innovations of the body hacking trend are beginning to filter into mainstream use, and the repertoire increases every day. These physical transformations with intersecting techniques actively challenge long-held normative beliefs about what bodies do, what they should look like and how they should behave. They provide an alternative discourse on man’s correlation with the world and its biocenosis. Sculpting oneself has become an existential data. Medical technoscience crystallizes the effectiveness of new powers over the organism. Scientific temptation to recreate and enhance the human according to its normative principles has brought up experimental practices that have become the edge of a radical activism operating in the core of western societies, which will be the theme of this paper.
The impact of calendering process on the geometric characteristics and electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrode was investigated in this study. The geometric properties of NMC electrodes with different calendering conditions, such as porosity, pore size distribution, particle size distribution, specific surface area and tortuosity were calculated from the computed tomography data of the electrodes. A synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy tomography system at the Advanced Photon Source of the Argonne National Laboratory was employed to obtain the tomography data. The geometric and electrochemical analysis show that calendering can increase the electrochemically active area, which improves rate capability. However, more calendering will result in crushing of NMC particles, which can reduce the electrode capacity at relatively high C rates. This study shows that the optimum electrochemical performance of NMC electrode at 94:3:3 weight ratio of NMC:binder:carbon black can be achieved by calendering to 3.0g/cm3 NMC density.
Ageing is related to significant declines in cognitive functioning. This effect can have a serious impact on the physical and psychological health of older adults as well as their quality of life. One phenomenon linked to cognitive deficits, particularly attention, that has been demonstrated to emerge with ageing is over-selectivity. Over-selectivity occurs when behavior is controlled by a limited number of stimuli in the environment. Mindfulness is a construct that specifically targets attention and awareness of the present moment. The current study aimed to remediate over-selectivity in an elderly population by means of a focused attention/mindfulness induction. The results of this study indicated that the level of emergent over-selectivity in an elderly population was significantly reduced after a focused attention induction when compared to an unfocused attention induction. The findings are discussed in terms of the efficacy of mindfulness training in reducing over-selectivity.
Thermal management is a routine but crucial strategy to ensure thermal stability and long-term durability of the lithium-ion batteries. An air-flow-integrated thermal management system is designed in the present study to dissipate heat generation and uniformize the distribution of temperature in the lithium-ion batteries. The system contains of two types of air ducts with independent intake channels and fans. One is to cool the batteries through the regular channel, and the other minimizes the heat accumulations in the middle pack of batteries through jet cooling. A three-dimensional anisotropic heat transfer model is developed to describe the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion batteries with the integration of heat generation theory, and validated through both simulations and experiments. Moreover, the simulations and experiments show that the maximum temperature can be decreased to 33.1 °C through the new thermal management system in comparison with 42.3 °C through the traditional ones, and temperature uniformity of the lithium-ion battery packs is enhanced, significantly.
Heavy metal pollution in water emerges as a severe socio-environmental problem originating primarily from the discharge of industrial wastewater. In view of the toxic, non-biodegradable, and persistent nature of most of the heavy metal ions, remediation of such components becomes an absolute necessity. Biosorption is an emerging tool for bioremediation that has gained momentum for employing low-cost biological materials with effective metal binding capacities. Even though biological materials possess excellent metal adsorption abilities, they show poor mechanical strength and low rigidity. Other disadvantages include solid–liquid separation problems, possible biomass swelling, lower efficiency for regeneration or reuse, and frequent development of high pressure drop in the column mode that limits its applications under real conditions. To improve the biosorption efficiency, biomasses need to be modified with a simple technique for selective/multi-metal adsorption. This review is intended to cover discussion on biomass modification for enhanced biosorption efficiency, mechanism studies using various instrumental/analytical techniques, and future direction for research and development including the fate of spent biosorbent. In most of the previously published researches, difficulty of the process in scaling up has not been addressed. The current article outlines the application potential of biosorbents in the development of hybrid technology integrated with membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment in industrial scale.
Porous carbon spheres (PCSs) are prepared via a facile hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation route with pectin as the biomass precursor. The as-obtained PCSs present a large specific surface area (2440m2 g−1), well-balanced micro/mesoporosity with narrow pore size distribution and high content of oxygen-containing functional groups. The structure features make the PCSs an ideal electrode material for electrochemical energy storage. As electrode material for supercapacitors, the PCSs exhibit a high specific capacitance, good rate capacity and cycling stability. Furthermore, the PCSs show attractive property as support material for Pt electrocatalysts. Pt nanowires (PtNWs) grown on the PCSs interconnect with each other to form a porous nanowires network structure. The three-dimensional (3D) hybrid catalyst material consisting of PtNWs network supported on PCSs exhibit superior catalytic activity and stability towards both methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation in acidic media. In addition, owing to the rich presence of surface oxygen groups on PCSs, the CO-poisoning tolerance of the supported Pt nanowires is greatly promoted.
Phenomenological approaches on the basis of simple model potentials for the description of various situations where the atom is spacially confined, such, e.g., as atoms inside a C60-like environment or in impenetrable cavities of small radii are reviewed along with the trends in modifications in structure and photoionization of such confined atoms.
LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) cathode has wide operation voltage window. Dissolution behavior of the NCM cathode at different charge states in 1M LiPF6/EC:DEC (1:1) electrolyte is determined with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. Electrochemical cycling performance of the NCM-based cells in the electrolyte with different charge voltage limits is correlated with the dissolution of the active material. With increasing charge voltage limit, specific capacity and energy density of the electrode are significantly enhanced. However, cycle life of the cell based on NCM cathode and meso-carbon micro-bead (MCMB) anode is compromised at cutoff voltages >4.3V. Mechanisms of the capacity decay for the full cell cycled with high charge voltage limit are investigated. Impedance rise of the graphite anode, which is resulted from deposition of the dissolved metal ions from the NCM cathode, is specified to be the main factor responsible for the cell failure. SEM observation and EDX analysis confirm the presence of Mn, Co, and Ni elements on the MCMB anode surface when the cell is cycled with high charge voltage limits.
Design and preparation of capable anode materials is key to the development potassium-ion battery. In this study, N-doped biomorphic carbon is prepared from walnut septum by pyrolysis and then used as potassium-ion battery anode materials. The target carbon exhibits hierarchical porous structures with a specific surface area of 99.6 m2 g−1 and an interlayer spacing of 0.376 nm. When used as anode for potassium-ion battery, the N-doped hierarchical porous carbon exhibits high initial reversible capacity of 263.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of 55.1%. At a high current density of 1 A g−1, it still shows ultralong cycling stability with a discharge capacity of 119.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. The excellent performance is attributed to the improved ions diffusion kinetics and electrons conductivity derived from hierarchical porous structures, large interlayer spacing, and nitrogen doping. Further calculation by cyclic voltammetry indicates that the mixed mechanisms of capacitance and ion-diffusion explain potassium-ion storage. At a low scan rate ion-diffusion behaviors provide an almost identical capacity with capacitance, and capacitive behaviors become dominant mechanisms with an increase in scan rate. The results would offer a new way to develop hard carbon anodes for potassium-ion battery.
NH4V3O8/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites are synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. All the samples show the flake-like morphology with the width of up to 5μm and thickness of 500nm and the CNTs are clearly observed on the surface of modified NH4V3O8. It is found that incorporation of 0.5wt% CNTs into NH4V3O8 could greatly improve its discharge capacity and cycling stability. It delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 358.7mAhg−1 at 30mAg−1, 55mAhg−1 larger than that of the pristine one. At 150mAg−1, the composite shows 226.2mAhg−1 discharge capacity with excellent capacity retention of 97% after 100 cycles. The much improved electrochemical performance of NH4V3O8 is attributed to incorporation of CNTs, which facilitates the interface charge transfer and Li+ diffusion.
As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase, their safety has become a great concern for further practical large-scale applications. One of the ultimate solution of the safety issue is to develop intrinsically safe battery components, where the battery separators and liquid electrolytes are critical for the battery thermal runaway process. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the rational materials design on battery separators and liquid electrolyte towards the goal of improving the safety of LIBs. Also, some strategies for further improving safety of LIBs are also briefly outlooked.