batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter that plays essential roles in the central nervous system, including motor control, motivation, arousal, and reward. Thus, abnormal levels of dopamine directly cause several neurological diseases, including depressive disorders, addiction, and Parkinson’s disease (PD). To develop a new technology to treat such diseases and disorders, especially PD, which is currently incurable, dopamine release from living cells intended for transplantation or drug screening must be precisely monitored and assessed. Owing to the advantages of miniaturisation and rapid detection, numerous electrical techniques have been reported, mostly in combination with various nanomaterials possessing specific nanoscale geometries. This review highlights recent advances in electrical biosensors for dopamine detection, with a particular focus on the use of various nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based materials, hybrid gold nanostructures, metal oxides, and conductive polymers) on electrode surfaces to improve both sensor performance and biocompatibility. We conclude that this review will accelerate the development of electrical biosensors intended for the precise detection of metabolite release from living cells, which will ultimately lead to advances in therapeutic materials and techniques to cure various neurodegenerative disorders.
Core/shell, indium tin oxide (ITO)/TiO2 hybrid nanostructured electrodes for high-power lithium ion rechargeable batteries have been synthesized via a thermal evaporation method followed by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Lithium-active TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly assembled onto high-conductivity ITO nanowire arrays that were directly grown on metallic current collectors. This configuration resulted in superior rate capabilities and long-term cycle life. Such high electrochemical performances result from the unique 3 dimensional (3D) geometrical features of nanoarchitectured electrodes, which enable efficient electronic pathways upon prolonged cycling.
Epigenetic dysregulation has been known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, in order to identify epigenetic dysregulation in blood from patients with MCI. Here, we investigated whether epigenetic dysregulation in MCI and whether such an aberration could be detected in blood circulation. Genome-wide bisulfite sequencing targeted 84 million bases covering 3.7 million CpG sites was comparatively analyzed in MCI and control groups. And correlation between DNA methylation and transcriptomic changes was sought. Significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) distinguishing the MCI and control groups were identified and functionally annotated. Most DMRs specific to MCI were enriched between – 2 kb and + 2 kb of the CpG island start sites located within or near gene promoters. Representative hypo- and hypermethylated DMRs in MCI were confirmed to be correlated to mRNA expression changes with the comparative delta Ct method. DNA methylation aberrations involving metal ion homeostasis, axon growth, inflammasome, and others in this study may be less-invasive, easily measurable blood biomarker candidates for MCI.
Evaluating the patterns of NO3-N concentrations at karst springs can be used to infer hydrologic processes and nutrient dynamics in karst aquifers. In this study, NO3-N concentrations observed at two karst springs in northeast Iowa (USA) were evaluated for a 2-year period using high-frequency sensors. Despite similar watershed land use dominated by intense row cropping of corn and soybean production (>70%), NO3-N concentrations and temporal patterns were very different between the two springs. At the Manchester spring, NO3-N stored in overburden materials above the karst-enhanced Silurian-age bedrock provides a continuing source of NO3-N to the spring. Rainfall events mobilize the stored NO3-N and concentrations increase. At Big Spring, the karst system is overlain by a thin layer of sediments and the bedrock is dominated by sinkholes and losing streams. Rainfall events dilute the spring NO3-N concentrations which rapidly decreased during events before rebounding to previous levels. Spectral analyses revealed that concentrations at both springs were a fractal process, with the scaling exponent at Manchester (2.0) considerably larger than that measured at Big Spring (1.4), indicating a higher degree of autocorrelation in NO3-N concentrations at Manchester, consistent with the conceptual model. Overall, results argue for greater use of high-frequency NO3-N monitoring at karst springs to better assess short- and long-term variations in NO3-N concentrations and to unravel karst processes.
A stable and conductive interface is one of the decisive factors in manipulating the performance of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode for Li-ion batteries. Herein, a hybrid Li3PO4–TiO2 coating layer is designed as an interfacial material via controllable atomic layer deposition (ALD) on LNMO. The coating acts not just as a physical barrier to prevent the side-reactions between cathode and electrolyte at high voltage, more importantly, the hybrid coating material improves both interfacial ionic and electronic conductivities to build facile Li-ion and electron diffusion pathways for LNMO. The optimized LNMO demonstrates improved rate capability and long-life stability. The capacity retention is 81.2% comparing with 47.4% of bare LNMO at 0.5C after 300 cycles. Detailed surface structural evolution is studied via X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This work provides new insights of hybrid interfacial design via ALD and promotes novel electrode architectures for batteries.
Tissues infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses such as H5N1 and H7N7 are normally required to be fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde before examination in order to inactivate the virus. In this study commercially available monoclonal antibodies to the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) were evaluated in order to determine which antibodies would identify positive cells in tissues fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde. An assessment of which antigen retrieval process would unmask antigens blocked by formalin fixation was also made. Of six commercially available monoclonal antibodies tested, only one (HB65, European Veterinary Laboratories) was able to identify all formalin fixed avian, swine and human influenza virus infected tissues, and this was after pronase induced epitope retrieval. This monoclonal antibody is recommended for routine diagnostic use for the detection of influenza A infected tissues that have been fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde.
Background Rare are the studies that focus on OSAS (obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) obese patient assessing neuropsychological, psychological and clinical aspects simultaneously. Methods One hundred and fifty-seven obese patients with OSAS were psychologically and neuropsychologically assessed by a standardized battery of validated tests in a cross-sectional study. Results Patients reported with higher frequency, compared to the normal distribution, the presence of an extrovert personality trait and depressive behaviours: 15.9% of the patients minimized symptoms and denied distress, whereas 28.0% presented psychological disorders. Compared to the normative group, patients’ results were characterized as impaired with a higher percentage in short-term verbal memory (30.6%) and in short-term visual spatial memory (20.5%). Moreover 30.6% of patients were impaired in one cognitive function, 11.5% in two, 8.9% in three, and 8.2% in four or more cognitive functions. No significant relations between psychological–neuropsychological data and clinical variables emerged. Conclusions The results of our obese patients with OSAS were significantly different from the normative data as for psychological and neuropsychological variables (extroversion, depression, short-term verbal and visual spatial memory, logical ability). Further studies are needed in order to investigate the eventual dose effect on psychological and neuropsychological variables of OSAS and obesity severity and treatment efficacy.
In this study, the sponge reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is developed by using [(n-C4H9)4N]5[PW11CoO39], as a three-dimensional framework and a good precursor to the construction of porous structures. Various techniques are also used to characterize the prepared sponge [(n-C4H9)4N]5[PW11CoO39]@rGO. It is found to be a nanocomposite of choice for the preparation of electrodes for supercapacitors applications. The power of the nanocomposite toward energy storage is evaluated in both seawater and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution using galvanostatic charge and discharge and cyclic voltammetry. The nanocomposite will be found to improve significantly the specific capacitance (834.3 and 311.7 F g−1 at 0.91 A g−1) and long service life by 98.0% and 97.5% at 3.0 A g−1 in seawater and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, respectively. Furthermore, this nanocomposite is observed to exhibit a high power density 3640.8 (W kg−1) at energy densities of 20.6 and 35.4 (Wh kg−1) in seawater and 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, respectively. Due to its sponge structure, multiplex channels are observed to appear that help the quick diffusion of the electrolyte and the reduction of ion diffusion duration. The use of rGO and polyoxometalates offers the advantages of fast electron transfer and enhanced electrochemical reaction. Overall, the sponge [(n-C4H9)4N]5 [PW11CoO39]@rGO is found to have a high capability for use toward energy storage processes.
Lithium metal has been considered as an ideal negative electrode for lithium batteries, but its practical use is impeded by the inferior cycling performance and the potential safety issues caused by Li dendrite formation. Herein, we use thermal evaporation to deposit one side of the carbon cloth with 20 nm thick Ag. The two surfaces with different lithiophilic characteristics as a result of Ag deposition lead to oriented growth of Li metal during Li plating. By manipulating the growth direction of Li metal away from the separator, we can eliminate the possibility of shorting caused by separation penetration. Moreover, the Li metal on the Ag layer shows a nodule-like morphology instead of the conventional needle-like dendrite morphology. The nodule-like Li possesses excellent electrochemical reversibility and the Li/carbon cloth-Ag composite negative electrode shows an excellent Coulombic Efficiency over 97% with the specific capacity as high as the 5 mAh cm−2 after 50 cycles.
The studies by Cook et al1 and Braga-Baiak et al2 share similar methodologies and participants, involve the same authors, and have similar analyses and results. As such, these similarities deserve further explanation as how the manuscripts resulting from these works do not qualify as repetitive, duplicate, or redundant publications.3 The purpose of both studies was to identify intrarater and interrater agreement among radiologists for a battery of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics, before and after implementation of operational guidelines. There were 12 unique MRI metrics related to spinal stenosis from the publication of Cook et al1 and 34 unique MRI metrics related to disc herniation in the article of Braga-Baiak et al.2 We emphasize that each metric was scored, calculated, and reported in only one publication. The decision to divide the study into two publications was made partially based on topic focus (specific metrics of herniation vs general measures of stenosis), the quantity of the metrics (46), and that each metric involved 4 unique and detailed analyses. The authorship teams felt that each topic and hypothesis were unique and thus justified a separate publication. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that during the submission process, we inadvertently did not notify the editors of either journal that a related manuscript was under review. Specifically, as the submission timelines were similar, we unintentionally omitted references of one article to the other. It is thus our hope that this letter clarifies the differences between the 2 studies and also serves to outline the importance of full disclosure during the pursuance of publication of related material.
We report tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TPFPB) as a novel electrolyte additive for silicon (Si) thin film anodes in lithium ion batteries. The introduction of TPFPB into the electrolyte consisting of 1M lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1/1 volume) significantly enhances the capacity retention and coulombic efficiency. Specifically, TPFPB enables the improved properties by forming stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers and suppressing surface pulverization. The SEI layers are thoroughly characterized by a variety of analytical tools including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
This paper describes the application of system identification to the thermal response of a conventional office space using data collected from an existing building management system. Autoregressive models are estimated and it is found that the output-error model provides the best fit between simulated and measured internal-air temperature data. The inclusion of electricity consumption data improves the fit for all model structures used, though this is evidently not modelled as providing a simple internal heat-gain. The model error is comparable with that reported for models validated in laboratory test rooms, but without the use of full instrumentation.
Tailoring electroactive materials into diverse functional architecture are triggering unprecedented innovations in the promotion of energy storage devices. Herein, we introduced a general strategy to prepare “bubble-in-nanorod” hierarchical hybrid fibers for fabrication of flexible pyrophosphate cathodes with superior lithium/sodium storage properties. The hollow spheres, which are composed of pyrophosphate nanoscale crystals and carbon matrix, are uniformly distributed within the porous carbon-based fiber. The prepared “bubble-in-nanorod” hierarchical structure not only can provide a bicontinuous conductive skeleton for fast electron transport, but also can effectively protect the crystal against structural deterioration, and thus is favorable to fast ion transport and stable structure integrity. Two kinds of pyrophosphates, i.e. Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2 and Li2FeP2O7, are employed as examples in this study. For the first time, the mechanism on the combustion-assisted formation of the bubble-in-nanorod architecture is specified, and the effects of the functional structure on the ion intercalation chemistry of pyrophosphates are elaborated. Both pyrophosphate-based hybrid fibers can achieve better rate capability and longer cycling durability than the reference ones. Moreover, they are capable of long-term high-rate cycling. After six hundred cycles at alternate 20 and 3 C rates, the Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2 and Li2FeP2O7 based fibers retain 94.4% and 95.1% of the initial capacity. Therefore, this work not only introduces a highly efficient architecture to realize the superior ion intercalation chemistry, but also provides a novel general strategy to fabricate high-performance flexible electrode for advanced lithium/sodium batteries.
Due to its heterogeneous phenomenology, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been subtyped. However, these subtypes are not mutually exclusive. This study presents an alternative subtyping approach by deriving non-overlapping OCD subtypes. A pure compulsive and a mixed obsessive–compulsive subtype (including subjects manifesting obsessions with/without compulsions) were analyzed with respect to a broad pattern of psychosocial risk factors and comorbid syndromes/diagnoses in three representative Swiss community samples: the Zurich Study (n = 591), the ZInEP sample (n = 1500), and the PsyCoLaus sample (n = 3720). A selection of comorbidities was examined in a pooled database. Odds ratios were derived from logistic regressions and, in the analysis of pooled data, multilevel models. The pure compulsive subtype showed a lower age of onset and was characterized by few associations with psychosocial risk factors. The higher social popularity of the pure compulsive subjects and their families was remarkable. Comorbidities within the pure compulsive subtype were mainly restricted to phobias. In contrast, the mixed obsessive–compulsive subtype had a higher prevalence and was associated with various childhood adversities, more familial burden, and numerous comorbid disorders, including disorders characterized by high impulsivity. The current comparison study across three representative community surveys presented two basic, distinct OCD subtypes associated with differing psychosocial impairment. Such highly specific subtypes offer the opportunity to learn about pathophysiological mechanisms specifically involved in OCD.
This study aims to evaluate in detail the biological osteoconductive properties of the low-temperature synthetic porous calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite and to compare it with the biological apatite. Bone reactions to granules of similar sizes of the low-temperature hydroxyapatite and commercially available non-sintered deproteinized bovine bone were compared. Two different temperatures were used to fabricate two batches of newly developed porous hydroxyapatite with different carbonate groups content and specific surface area. The histological analysis of specimens with histomorphometry was performed at different time after in vivo implantation. Based on histological analysis, the level of bone formation in the spaces between the implanted granules and through the interconnected pores of all implanted materials within a cortical region (bone area ingrowth 72–85 %) was several-fold higher than within a cancellous bone site (bone area ingrowth 16–28 %) at three and six months after implantation. Within the cancellous bone site, bone coverage of the implanted material at six months was significantly higher in hydroxyapatite material fabricated using low-temperature synthesis and subsequent processing at 150°C than in hydroxyapatite scaffold developed using low-temperature synthesis with subsequent processing at 700°C or deproteinized bovine bone. According to our study, the bioactive properties of the low-temperature calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite are comparable with the biological apatite. The favourable influence of a high specific surface area of a low-temperature calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite on in vivo bone formation was emphasized.
Transition metal oxides have been extensively studied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their high capacity. However, the intrinsically low electronic conductivity and large volume changes upon repeated cycles are the obstacles for obtaining their high electrochemical properties. In this work, we report the novel construction of uniform Ni/MnO porous microspheres by an in situ conversion from their solvothermally synthesized precursor composites (xNiCO3·yMnCO3). The structures of the precursor composites can be controlled by the solvothermal duration and solution compositions. During the high-temperature annealing process, the precursor composites were transferred into Ni and MnO composite and porous structure was created by the decomposition of the carbonate materials. As an anode material for lithium-ion battery, the porous Ni/MnO electrode demonstrates high reversible capacity of 700.6 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles. Moreover, the Ni/MnO microspheres exhibit excellent rate capacity. The exceptional electrochemical performances are attributed to the homogeneous distribution of nickel nanoparticles within the MnO microspheres and porous structures throughout the whole microspheres, which can improve the electronic conductivity of the electrode materials and keep the structural integrity upon repeated cycles.
Graphene/α-MnO2 nanocomposites (GMC) with high performance as anode material were synthesized by a facile green procedure, in which we reduced graphene from graphene oxide and prepared the GMC simultaneously through a conventional hydrothermal route. The samples are systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The GMC presents a good reversible specific capacity of 998mAhg−1 at a current density of 60mAg−1 after 30 cycles and excellent rate capabilities of 590mAhg−1 at a current density of 12Ag−1. The present results indicate that GMC nanocomposites have enormous potential for application in lithium-ion batteries.
Li-rich layered materials are important cathode compounds used in commercial lithium ion batteries, which, however, suffers from some drawbacks including the so-called voltage fade upon electrochemical cycling. This study employs novel transmission X-ray microscopy to investigate the electrochemical reaction induced morphological and chemical changes in the Li-rich Li2Ru0.5Mn0.5O3 cathode particles at the meso to nano scale. Combined X-ray spectroscopy, diffraction and microscopy experiments are performed to systematically study this cathode material's evolution upon cycling as well as to establish a comprehensive understanding of the structural origin of capacity fade through 2D and 3D fine length scale morphology and heterogeneity change of this material. This work suggests that atomic manipulation (e.g. doping, substitution etc.) or nano engineering (e.g. nano-sizing, heterogeneous structure) are important strategies to mitigate the internal strain and defects induced by extensive lithium insertion/extraction. It also shows that maintaining the structural integrity is the key in designing and synthesizing lithium-rich layered materials with better cycle stability.
A CO2 comprehensive balance within the life-cycle of a photovoltaic energy system requires careful examination of the CO2 sinks and sources at the locations and under the conditions of production of each component, during transport, installation and operation, as well as at the site of recycling. Calculations of the possible effect on CO2 reduction by PV energy systems may be incorrect if system borders are not set wide enough and remain on a national level, as can be found in the literature. For the examples of Brazil and Germany, the effective CO2 reductions have been derived, also considering possible interchange scenarios for production and operation of the PV systems considering the carbon dioxide intensity of the local electricity grids. In the case of Brazil also off-grid applications and the substitution of diesel generating sets by photovoltaics are examined: CO2 reduction may reach 26,805 kg/kWp in that case. Doing these calculations, the compositions of the local grids and their CO2 intensity at the time of PV grid injection have to be taken into account. Also possible changes of the generation fuel mix in the future have to be considered: During the operation time of a PV system, different kinds of power plants could be installed that might change the CO2 intensity of the grid. In the future also advanced technologies such as thin films have to be considered.