batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
A series of novel organic-ligand-doped sodium bis(oxalate)-borate complexes, including sodium bis[salicylato(2-)]-borate (NBSB), sodium[salicylato benzenediol]borate (NBDSB), sodium bis[oxalate]-borate (NBOB) and its derivatives NBOB(C2H2O4)0.2, NBOB(C7H4O3)0.2, NBOB(C7H4O3)0.6, NBOB(C6H6O2)0.15 and NBOB(C6H6O2)0.3 fabricated by solid-state reaction are firstly developed as new-type electrolytes for sodium ion batteries. These resulting sodium boron salts possess good solubility in an abroad range of organic solvents (such as PC, AN, DMF, PC + AN, PC + DMF), tailored thermal stability from 300 to 353 °C, improved ion conductivity (>1 × 10−3 S cm−1), environmental friendliness and low cost. Therefore, we believe that these new-type sodium boron salts show great potential as a new class of electrolyte for high-performance sodium ion batteries.
In the future, rescuing lost, ill or injured persons will increasingly be carried out by autonomous drones. However, discovering humans in densely forested terrain is challenging because of occlusion, and robust detection mechanisms are required. We show that automated person detection under occlusion conditions can be notably improved by combining multi-perspective images before classification. Here, we employ image integration by airborne optical sectioning (AOS)—a synthetic aperture imaging technique that uses camera drones to capture unstructured thermal light fields—to achieve this with a precision and recall of 96% and 93%, respectively. Finding lost or injured people in dense forests is not generally feasible with thermal recordings, but becomes practical with the use of AOS integral images. Our findings lay the foundation for effective future search-and-rescue technologies that can be applied in combination with autonomous or manned aircraft. They can also be beneficial for other fields that currently suffer from inaccurate classification of partially occluded people, animals or objects.
Li-ion batteries are commonly used in portable electronic devices due to their outstanding energy and power density. A remaining issue which hinders the breakthrough e.g. in the automotive sector is the high production cost. For low power applications, such as stationary storage, batteries with electrodes thicker than 300 μm were suggested. High energy densities can be attained with only a few electrode layers which reduces production time and cost. However, mass and charge transport limitations can be severe at already small C-rates due to long transport pathways. In this article we use a detailed 3D micro-structure resolved model to investigate limiting factors for battery performance. The model is parametrized with data from the literature and dedicated experiments and shows good qualitative agreement with experimental discharge curves of thick NMC-graphite Li-ion batteries. The model is used to assess the effect of inhomogeneities in carbon black distribution and gives answers to the possible occurrence of lithium plating during battery charge. Based on our simulations we can predict optimal operation strategies and improved design concepts for future Li-ion batteries employing thick electrodes.
Reduced sleep quality is a common complaint among patients with chronic pain, with 50-80% of patients reporting sleep disturbance. Improvements in pain and quality of life measures have been achieved using a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy pain management programme (CBT-PMP) that aims to recondition attitudes to pain, and improve patients' self-management of their condition. Despite its high prevalence in patients with chronic pain, there is very limited objective evidence for the effect of this intervention on sleep quality. The primary research objective is to investigate the short-term effect of a multidisciplinary CBT-PMP on subjective (measured by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index) and objective sleep quality (measured by Actigraphy) in patients with chronic pain by comparison with a control group. The secondary objectives will investigate changes in function and mood, and then explore the relationship between objective and subjective sleep quality and physical and psychological outcome measures.
Li-ion batteries are already used in many nomad applications, but improvement of this technology is still necessary to be durably introduced on new markets such as electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or eventually photovoltaic solar cells. Modification of the nature of the active materials of electrodes is the most challenging and innovative aspect. High voltage spinel oxides for Li-ion batteries, with general composition LiMn2−x M x O4 (M a transition metal element), may be used to face increasing power source demand. It should be possible to obtain up to 240Whkg−1 at cell level when combining a nickel manganese spinel oxide with graphite (even more with silicon/carbon nanocomposites at the anode). Specific composition and material processing have to be selected with care, as discussed in this paper. It is demonstrated that ‘LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4’ and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 have remarkable properties such as high potential, high energy density, good cycle life and high rate capability. Choice of the electrolyte is also of primary importance in order to prevent its degradation at high voltage in contact with active surfaces. We showed that a few percents of additive in the electrolyte were suitable for protecting the positive electrode/electrolyte interface, and reducing the self-discharge. High voltage materials are also possibly interesting to be used in safe and high power Li-ion cells. In this case, the negative electrode may be made of Li4Ti5O12 or TiO2 to give a ‘3V’ system.
In this work, the effect of hybrid cerium acetate/L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) inhibitor on the self-corrosion inhibition and battery performance of Al-0.5Mg-0.1Sn-0.1Ga anode alloy is studied by experimental methods including hydrogen evolution tests, electrochemical measurements and surface analysis combined with theoretical methods including density functional theory calculation, crystal morphology simulation and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that the hybrid inhibitor is cathodic inhibitor that effectively inhibits self-corrosion while slightly affecting the anode activity. An optimal efficiency of 77.85% is obtained by adding 10 mM of cerium acetate and 8 mM of L-Glu. At the current density of 20 mA cm−2 with optimal concentration, the discharge voltage and the capacity density increase from −1.737 V and 2,298.851 mAh g−1 to −1.835 V and 2,985.075 mAh g−1, respectively. Combining experimental with theoretical studies, indicate that the inhibition mechanism is that cerium acetate forms Ce(OH)3 in the alkaline electrolyte; and is then adsorbed on the alloy surface by the geometric covering effect, which promotes the adsorption of L-Glu. The Ce(OH)3/L-Glu and Al/L-Glu composite films effectively suppress the self-corrosion while slighting affecting the anode activity.
Owing to the high specific capacity and high voltage, Ni-rich (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LNCM811) cathode has been considered as one of the most promising candidate cathode materials for next generation lithium ion batteries, whereas severe capacity fading greatly hinders its practical application. Notably, the compatibility of Ni-rich materials with LiBF4-containing electrolyte has not yet been realized. Herein, 1 M LiPF6-based electrolyte with introducing 2 M LiBF4 is proposed to dramatically improve the cyclic stability of high voltage LNCM811/Li half-cell. Addition of high concentrated LiBF4 improves the moisture stability of electrolyte, which hinders the generation of harmful by-product HF, resulting in improved interfacial stability of LNCM811. Lithium plating/stripping reaction of Li/Li symmetric cell confirms that the enhanced cyclic stability is ascribed to the improved interfacial stability of LNCM811 instead of lithium electrode. Morphology and composition characterization results reveal that LiBF4 participates in the CEI film-forming reaction, resulting in suppressed oxidation of electrolyte and interfacial structural destruction of LNCM811.
Mesoporous materials, due to its potential for advanced applications in catalysis and nanoscience, have attracted much attention in the past decade. In this work, mesoporous lithium aluminate (next called MLA) nanosheets with high specific surface area were prepared by a hydrothermal method using hex-adecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. A novel PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte has been developed by using MLA powders as the filler. The electrochemical impedance showed that the conductivity was improved simultaneously. A high conductivity of 2.24×10−5 Scm−1 at 25°C was obtained. The lithium polymer battery using this novel composite polymer electrolyte and with lithium metal and LiFePO4 employed as anode and cathode, respectively, showed high discharge capacity (more than 140mAhg−1 at 60°C) and excellent cycling stability as revealed by galvanostastically charge/discharge cycling tests. The excellent electrochemical performances at low temperature of the cells were obtained, which was attributed to the high surface area and channels structure of the filler. The excellent properties of the solid-state lithium battery suggested that, PEO16–LiClO4–MLA composite polymer electrolyte can be used as a candidate material for lithium polymer batteries.
Cameroon is blessed with a vast potential of renewable energy resources: solar, biomass, hydropower, wind and geothermal energies. These resources are currently poorly valorized. The country depends mainly on hydropower for its electricity supply and traditional biomass for its energy consumption. This dependency on hydropower causes acute power shortage nationwide, especially in remote communities where grid access is limited. Rural electrification is mainly conducted through costly grid extensions, small hydro and diesel plants with enormous health and environmental effects. This study assesses the feasibilities of hybrid renewable power systems for remote applications in Southern Cameroons using the climate data of Wum. HOMER was used to perform the comparative analysis. Nine hybrid systems were considered in this study based on the following components: PV module, wind turbine, micro-hydro turbine, diesel generator, battery, charge controllers, and inverters. Two energy sources and storage battery characterized each system. The PV/diesel/small hydro/battery was found to be the most viable economic system for Southern Cameroons with a 0.443$/kWh energy cost. The optimum system was proven to be very resilient to variations in streamflow, interest rate, fuel price, and PV cost. This outcome was found to be highly relevant to policy makers and investors in Cameroon.
Hybrid Co x Ni1−x (OH)2 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted synthetic route. The size of Co x Ni1−x (OH)2 nanosheets decreases with the increase of nickel amount; however, the layered crystal structure can be maintained at any ratios of Co:Ni due to the chemical and physical similarities between these two elements. The lattice spacing of the hexagonal nanosheets can be slightly varied by adjusting the ratios of Co:Ni. The hybrid Co0.2Ni0.8(OH)2 hexagonal nanosheets deliver a high capacity of above 1170 F g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1. The higher specific capacitance of Co0.2Ni0.8(OH)2 nanosheets than their monometallic counterpart could be attributed to the enhancement of the electro-active sites participated in the redox reaction due to the possible valence interchange or charge hopping between Co and Ni cations. These results indicate the importance of layered hydroxide nanosheets with tuned transition-metal composition for high-performance energy storage devices.
Fast charging capability is a high demand feature of lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles; however, current lithium ion battery technology does not meet electric vehicles fast charging requirements. In this work, it demonstrates that surface modification of graphite using amorphous Al2O3 is an efficient way to improve the fast charging capability of graphite anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Surface-engineered graphite with 1 wt% Al2O3 exhibits a reversible capacity of about 337.1 mAh g−1, even at a high rate of 4000 mA g−1, corresponding to 97.2% of the capacity obtained at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Full cell tests adopting LiCoO2 cathodes and Al2O3-coated graphite anodes confirm that the introduction of amorphous Al2O3 can improve the fast charging capability of graphite anode materials. Wettability tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveal that this fast charging improvement results from the increased electrolyte wettability on the graphite that is induced by the Al2O3 layer on its surface. Our approach is a practical means to attaining enhanced fast charging capabilities from graphite anode materials for use in high power lithium ion batteries.
The polarization behaviour of zinc in alkaline solution has been investigated using atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry. By independently measuring the oxidation rate of zinc (electrical current) and the rate of Zn2+ dissolution (partial elemental current) it is possible to calculate the amount of insoluble zinc cations produced at any instant. Assuming the insoluble cations are present as a zinc oxide film, the growth of this film as a function of potential and time was determined. On the basis of kinetic evidence, it was found that at least three forms of zinc based oxide/hydroxide films form during polarization experiments. Type I oxide formation occurs when the metal/electrolyte interface becomes locally saturated with Zn2+ ions. Type II oxide forms on the metal surface underneath the film of Type I oxide but has little inhibiting effect on zinc dissolution. Type III oxide is produced in much smaller quantity and results in a transition to the passive state. This may be due to a potential induced transition of Type II→Type III oxide.
Workers’ wellbeing at work is a central theme for the development of institutions and enterprises. Within this debate, a central issue relates to the search for the best ways to organize lunch-breaks and food services for employees. In the past, canteens had a crucial role for workers, yet the last twenty years have marked a profound transformation of the European economy, with the effect of diversifying workers’ foodways and their food-related practices while at work. Based on the research “Eating at Work” conducted by the University of Gastronomic Sciences in 2015–2016, this paper analyses the consumer behavior at lunch of almost 9400 workers, from ten different European countries. By exploring the workers’ foodways during lunch-breaks and how they answer to their individual needs in terms of nutrition, socialization, productivity and overall satisfaction, the paper points out that the lunch-break has major implications in boosting wellbeing at work, thus suggesting the essential role canteens have the potential to carry out.
The chemical composition of Danish household waste was determined by two approaches: a direct method where the chemical composition (61 substances) of 48 material fractions was determined after hand sorting of about 20tonnes of waste collected from 2200 households; and an indirect method where batches of 80–1200tonnes of unsorted household waste was incinerated and the content of the waste determined from the content of the outputs from the incinerator. The indirect method is believed to better represent the small but highly contaminated material fractions (e.g., batteries) than the direct method, because of the larger quantities included and the more homogenous material to sample from. Differences between the direct and the direct methods led to corrections in the of heavy metal concentration of a few fractions. The majority of the energy content of the waste originates from organic waste like paper, cardboard and organic fractions. The single fraction contributing most to the total energy content is the non-recyclable plastic fraction, contributing 21% of the energy content and 60% of the chlorine content, although this fraction comprises less than 7% by weight. Heavy metals originate mainly from inert fractions, primarily batteries.
Radon decay rate data from 2007–2011, measured in a closed canister with one gamma counter and two alpha detectors, were made available for analysis by the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI). Sturrock et al. have published several papers in which they claim that decay rate variations in the gamma counter can be associated with solar rotation. They assert influences by solar and cosmic neutrinos on beta decay and draw unsubstantiated conclusions about solar dynamics. This paper offers an alternative explanation by relating the daily and annual patterns in the radon decay rates with environmental conditions. Evidence is provided that the radon measurements were susceptible to solar irradiance and rainfall, whereas there is no indication that radioactive decay is influenced by the solar neutrino flux. Speculations about solar dynamics based on the concept of neutrino-induced beta decay are ill-founded.
A cone-shaped MS inlet and on-line electrochemistry (EC) were used to enhance the ionization efficiency in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) of purine bases. A pathway of positive ion mode ESI may involve oxidation of purine bases, guanine, adenine, xanthine and hypoxanthine, by 1e−, 1H+ processes. The electrospray process generates dimers of purine bases that are detected in ESI MS as protonated ions, except for xanthine, for which a protonated radical dimer is detected. Thus electrochemical oxidation of purine bases during ESI may generate reactive radicals that can subsequently dimerize. Dimer formation is facilitated in ESI MS when the carrier solution pH is high. The positive ion mode ESI MS ionization is consistent with the reactivity of the bases toward oxidation. Furthermore, the formation of the protonated ions, and Na+ and K+ adducts of the bases, expected in positive ion ESI MS, are observed. In addition, unusual H-bonding of purine bases guanine and xanthine is confirmed by ESI MS. Application of low EC voltage to the on-line EC cell in EC/ESI MS improves the sensitivity and correlates with the decrease of the intensity of the dimers, possibly as a result of their further oxidation.
Considerable irreversible capacity loss of LaNi3.6Co0.7Mn0.4Al0.3 electrode was observed after standing at 100% or 95% depth of discharge (DOD) in open circuit for 2 or 5 days, respectively. The mechanism was systematically studied. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed considerably increased charge transfer resistance (R ct) for the electrodes after standing. X-ray diffraction (XRD), open-circuit potential (OCP), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse X-ray analyzer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were conducted to investigate the details during standing. The results demonstrated that there were two successive oxidations occurred, which acted as the conjugated reactions for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), on the alloy surface during the standing process. The first oxidation was attributed to the electrochemical desorption of hydrogen, which was essentially the self-discharge process of electrode and irrelevant to the irreversible capacity decay. The second one corresponded to the oxidation of elemental Ni with flocculent deposits on the alloy surface, which primarily determined the rapid capacity and kinetics deterioration of the alloy electrode.
A series of novel sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s containing pendant phenyl moieties (SPPEK-Ps) are synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The chemical structures of the polymers are confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. The physicochemical properties and single cell performance of SPPEK-P membranes are systematically evaluated, revealing that the membranes are thermally, chemically and mechanically stable. The area resistances of SPPEK-P-90 and SPPEK-P-100 are 0.75 Ω cm2 and 0.34 Ω cm2, respectively. SPPEK-P membranes are impermeable to the bulky hydrated VO2+ ion and exhibited low V3+ ion permeability (SPPEK-P-90, 2.53 × 10−5 cm min−1) (Nafion 115 membrane: 9.0 × 10−4 cm min−1). Tests of SPPEK-P-90 in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) demonstrate a comparable columbic efficiency (CE) and energy efficiency (EE) to that of Nafion 115, where the CE is 98% and the EE is 83% at 60 mA cm−2. Moreover, the SPPEK-P-90 membrane exhibits stable performance in cell over 100 charge-discharge cycles (∼450 h).
In the present work, a fractional order Lord & Shulman model of generalized thermoelasticity with voids subjected to a continuous heat sources in a plane area has been established using the Caputo fractional derivative and applied to solve a problem of determining the distributions of the temperature field, the change in volume fraction field, the deformation and the stress field in an infinite elastic medium. The Laplace transform together with an eigenvalue approach technique is applied to find a closed form solution in the Laplace transform domain. The numerical inversions of the physical variables in the space-time domain are carried out by using the Zakian algorithm for the inversion of Laplace transform. Numerical results are shown graphically and the results obtained are analyzed
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Glass-like Si–O–C composites have recently attracted considerable attention because of their potential as high capacity anode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. However, the existence of Si–C bonds in Si–O–C phase restricts in a certain degree the electrochemical activity of silicon. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and electrochemical performance of SiO x –C dual-phase glass consisting of amorphous SiO x and free carbon phases and without Si–C bonds in SiO x phase. Dual-phase glass synthesis is achieved through a simple sol–gel route. The SiO x –C dual-phase glass electrode delivers high reversible capacity of 840 mAh g−1 for 100 cycles and exhibits excellent rate-capability. The superior electrochemical properties can be attributed to the unique dual-phase glass structure that the amorphous SiO x phase well-disperses and dense-contacts with free carbon component at nanoscale level. The SiO x phase with a lower O/Si ratio contributes the high reversible capacity while the well-contacted free carbon provides a good electronic conductivity for electrode reaction. In addition, the free carbon component can alleviate the volume change of SiO x component during discharge/charge process, which ensures an enhanced structural stability and an excellent cycling performance.
Small electroactive particles are important materials in many technical processes. A new method to investigate single micro particles with diameters in the range of 10 μm is presented. Small numbers of these particles are fixed on a gold sheet and investigated by a capillary-based droplet cell. Cyclovoltammograms of different samples (cementite or Ni(OH)2 particles) are presented as examples.