batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electricity generation presents the biggest opportunity to lower CO2 emissions and it is foreseen that hydrogen energy technology will play an important role in realising the scenario to cap global warming at 2°C through replacement of fossil fuels with renewables. The transition to electric power for transport in battery- and fuel-cell-electric vehicles will further increase the need for low-carbon electricity generation. For a successful transition to a renewable energy economy the traditional approach of designing energy systems to meet only goals related to the technology (capacity, availability, reliability) and economics (return on investment, cost to the consumer) must evolve to take on a more holistic viewpoint and be able to take into account other goals addressing environmental and social considerations. This paper reviews approaches for integrating hydrogen energy technology into hybrid energy systems, emphasising electricity generation using a hydrogen fuel cell. Integration of energy storage, sizing methodologies, energy flow management and their associated optimization algorithms and software implementation are addressed. Few published case studies go beyond technical considerations. This reality is discussed in the light of available software packages. A four-dimensional multi-objective meta-heuristic function is proposed with weighting of technical, economic, environmental and socio-political factors to suit the design goals for the energy system.
Blending of lithium insertion compounds is a promising approach to design advanced electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. In spite of considerable improvements regarding the power density, some basic interactions between the constituents of the blend are still under discussion. Herein we quantify the so-called buffer effect observed in blended insertion electrodes for the first time by using a special experimental setup and a model-like blended insertion electrode. Internal dynamics of the blend are investigated during defined pulse loads and subsequent relaxation. The results reveal significant electrochemical interactions between the constituents, depending on the applied current and the overpotential, respectively. These interactions are attributed to thermodynamic factors of emerging and converging equilibrium potentials of the constituents during charging-discharging and subsequent relaxation. This buffer effect enables the preparation of electrodes with high energy density and very good rate capability by combining active materials with high specific capacity and fast kinetics.
The interest in electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is rapidly growing in recent years. The reason is that UAVs have abilities to perform some difficult or dangerous tasks, with high mobility, safety, and low cost. It should be noted that UAVs are revolutionizing many public services including real time monitoring, search and rescue, wildlife surveys, delivery services, wireless coverage, and precision agriculture. To increase endurance and achieve good performance, UAVs generally use a hybrid power supply system architecture. A hybrid power architecture may combine several power sources such as fuel cell, battery, solar cells, and supercapacitor. The choice of a suitable power source hybridization architecture with an optimal energy management system are therefore crucial to enable an efficient operation of advanced UAVs. In the context of battery-powered UAV platforms, including new technologies such as swapping laser-beam inflight recharging and tethering, this paper proposes a comprehensive and critical state of the art review on power supply configurations and energy management systems to find out gaps and to provide insights and recommendations for future research.
This paper presents the development and experimental characterizations of a prototyping pure electric ground vehicle, which is equipped with four independently actuated in-wheel motors (FIAIWM) and is powered by a 72V 200Ah LiFeYPO4 battery pack. Such an electric ground vehicle (EGV) employs four in-wheel (or hub) motors to independently drive/brake the four wheels and is one of the promising vehicle architectures primarily due to its actuation flexibility, energy efficiency, and performance potentials. Experimental data obtained from the EGV chassis dynamometer tests were employed to generate the in-wheel motor torque response and power efficiency maps in both driving and regenerative braking modes. A torque distribution method is proposed to show the potentials of optimizing the FIAIWM EGV operational energy efficiency by utilizing the actuation flexibility and the characterized in-wheel motor efficiency and torque response.
High-performance polymer electrolytes are highly sought after in the development of solid-state batteries. Lynden Archer and co-workers report an in situ polymerization of liquid electrolytes in a lithium battery for creating promising polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance.
4,5-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxol-2-one (DMDO) was used as a novel electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries. The effect of DMDO on the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on anode and cathode of MCMB/LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cells was investigated via a combination of electrochemical methods, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that cells with electrolyte containing 2% DMDO have better capacity retention than cells without DMDO and this improved performance is ascribed to the assistance of DMDO in forming better SEIs on anode and cathode. DMDO-decomposition products are identified experimentally on the surface of the anode and cathode and supported by theoretical calculations.
Lithium-rich nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide, Li[Ni0.17Li0.2Co0.07Mn0.56]O2, was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and its cyclic behavior at a high potential was investigated. The as-prepared material shows a rapid capacity fading in its initial several cycles when it was operated above 4.5V, which could be significantly improved through a pre-cycling treatment. Its reversible capacity in the range of 4.8–2V could be increased from 200 to 250mAhg−1 after 50 cycle through a stepped pre-cycling treatment.
Lithium ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high power density. The change in concentration of salt in the electrolyte solution and local shortage of electrolyte solution in batteries cause serious degradation of battery performance. In this work, in situ Raman spectroscopy of the electrolyte solution at different positions in a laminate lithium ion battery (a typical practical battery) was simultaneously conducted by using ultrafine multi-probes. Eight probes were aligned in deep narrow spaces between two electrodes at intervals of about 2.5 mm in a plane parallel to the surfaces of electrodes. The concentration changed differently at the positions during charging and discharging. In addition, local dry up and local refilling of the electrolyte solution were observed. These phenomena were sometimes observed at the same time at the positions of two adjacent probes, indicating that the phenomena occurred in a millimeter scale. The method used in this study is useful for in situ analysis of the electrolyte solution in deep narrow spaces in other electrochemical devices under conditions close to those in practical devices.
A systematic formulation study has been performed on Co3O4 based composite electrodes. The influence of diverse parameters has been studied such as: calendaring pressure applied, composition of the composite electrode, nature of the carbon additives (carbon super P, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes) and the size of the active material particles. The influence of electrochemical parameters (lower cut-off voltage, initial C rate, and rate changes or open circuit potential steps during cycling) was also ascertained. These results are discussed in the perspective of the specific issues associated with materials reacting through conversion reactions (first cycle coulombic inefficiency, voltage hysteresis and capacity fade). Finally, basing on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and systematic record of the IR drop term of the cells upon cycling, a mechanism to account for the generally observed capacity fade on these materials is proposed.
Li7P3S11 (LPS) solid electrolyte (SE) can be used as a coating layer for Si anode as the next generation high energy storage anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB). In this paper, a thin LPS SE was designed to coat on the Si nanoparticles surface to form a core-shell structure by a facile liquid-phase in-situ reaction method. The LPS shell can address the volume expansion of silicon anode successfully during lithiation and delithiation processes. Moreover, it leads to enhancement of the electrochemical performance for Si anode with excellent cycling stability and rate ability. The LPS SE coating is expected to be a promising strategy for other lithium-ion batteries anodes.
Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common complaint in children. Previously considered a single entity, RAP is now used as a descriptive term and sub-classified in the recently published Rome IV criteria, into four functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD), including functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. All share common pathogenic mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity and central hypervigilance, resulting from disruption of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and abnormal enteric neuro–immune interactions. Although FAPDs are benign in nature, the persistence of symptoms and effects on everyday life can have significant secondary effects including psychosocial morbidity. The diagnosis of FAPDs is based on careful history and examination looking for ‘alarm signs’, although a limited battery of laboratory investigations to screen for organic disease may be of value. The management of FAPDs should be multidisciplinary and based on the bio-psychosocial model of care with careful education and engagement of patients/parents. There is currently little evidence to support the routine use of pharmacotherapy, probiotics or diet and a significant placebo effect should be considered when assessing treatment effect. Hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy. Approximately 50% of FAPDs cases will achieve resolution, especially those that have engaged with the appropriate model of management.
Maize GA21 line has integrated several tandemly repeated copies of the r-act 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase construct used for plant transformation. We were able to amplify a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the polylinker plasmid vector flanked by the r-act promoter and nopaline synthase 3′-terminator. A method for specific detection and quantification of Roundup Ready® transgenic maize line GA21 DNA using conventional and real-time PCR and based on this transgenic sequence is described. GA21 specific primers and probe were designed targeting the vector–promoter junction region and amplifying a 72-bp DNA fragment. Quantification methods were optimized through three different real-time PCR chemistries, i.e. SYBR® Green I, Amplifluor™ and TaqMan®. All three methods proved to be specific, highly sensitive and reliable for both identification and quantification of GA21 DNA. Plasmid pGAivr containing single copies of the GA21 and invertase amplicons was constructed for use as external standard in calibration curves. Using pGAivr, a TaqMan® based real-time PCR assay was optimized in duplex format targeting the maize species-specific ivr1 gene and the GA21 junction region. The detection limit of the method was 0.01% GA21, which is far below the established threshold for accidental presence of genetically modified organisms (GMO), this method therefore being suitable for use in routine GMO analysis.
The maximum power tracking problem and efficient energy utilization of a stand-alone photovoltaic array (PVA) feeding voltage controlled linear and nonlinear loads is studied. A novel and simple on-line fuzzy logic-based dynamic search, detection and tracking controller is developed to ensure maximum power point (MPP) operation under excursions in solar insolation, ambient temperature and electric load variations. A computer simulation model of the PVA renewable utilization scheme including the effects of temperature and solar irradiation changes was developed and fully simulated. The load voltage is controlled by a DC chopper and kept constant at the required rated voltage. A permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) driving a fan-type load was connected in parallel to an RL passive load. A speed control scheme is also used for the PMDC motor drive so that the drive can be operated at specified speeds. Different controllers have been employed in the unified PVA scheme to control three separate loads at MPP tracking condition namely voltage at load bus and speed of the PMDC motor. The main objective of the paper is to present a novel enhanced, cost-effective MPP detector (MPPD) and dynamic MPP tracking (MPPT) controller for a hybrid mix of electric loads.
In France, the regular and compulsory detection of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) in flocks of breeding and laying hens is based on bacteriological examination of environmental swabs and faeces samples. The aim of this study was to compare this bacteriological examination with a serological method (ELISA) developed in our laboratory. This ELISA was first evaluated by use of artificially infected hens. During these experimental infection studies, several groups of hens were inoculated with SE, ST, different vaccines and different Salmonella serovars to calculate the experimental parameters of our ELISA. Then, in a field study, 43 flocks were followed monthly using two bacteriological samples (environmental swab and pool of faeces) and 20 serological samples (sera or yolks). Twenty-seven flocks without SE or ST gave a negative serological response throughout their surveillance. Among the 10 various serovars different from SE and ST isolated in this study, S. Heidelberg, S. Agona and S. Hadar gave seropositive results in seven flocks. Consequently, this ELISA was not specific of SE and ST as it detected serovars sharing or not common antigens with SE and ST. Seropositive results were also obtained each month for two flocks where no Salmonella could be isolated. Finally, in seven flocks found infected with SE or ST, the positive ELISA results appeared later than the bacteriological detection. Therefore, for the detection of chicken flocks recently infected with SE or ST, bacteriological examination currently used in France seems to be more appropriate than this ELISA.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary microangiopathy with adult onset caused by a missense mutation in the NOTCH3 gene in chromosome 19p13. It presents with autosomal dominant arteriopathy, subcortical infarctions, and leukoencephalopathy. Its common clinical presentations are seen as recurrent strokes, migraine or migraine-like headaches, progressive dementia, pseudobulbar paralysis, and psychiatric conditions. Two patients with CADASIL syndrome, whose diagnosis was made based on clinical course, age of onset, imaging findings, and genetic assays in the patients and family members, are presented here because of new familial polymorphisms. The first patient, with cerebellar and psychotic findings, had widespread non-confluent hyperintense lesions as well as moderate cerebellar atrophy in cranial magnetic resonance scanning. The other patient, with headache, dizziness, and forgetfulness, had gliotic lesions in both cerebral hemispheres. CADASIL gene studies revealed a new polymorphism in exon 33 in the first patient. In the other patient, the NOTCH3 gene was identified as a new variant of p.H243P (c.728A > C heterozygous). By reporting a family presenting with various clinical symptoms in the presence of new polymorphisms, we emphasize that CADASIL syndrome may present with various clinical courses and should be considered in differential diagnoses.
Germany is, compared to other countries like France (Rhone-Valley), Italy (Po-Valley), Ukraine and Hungary, limited in respect to ragweed infestation. Conditions in Germany are therefore favourable for the containment of ragweed. Switzerland implemented legislation against birdseed contamination by ragweed early during the plants expansion, and obligatory ragweed registration- and eradication showed that ragweed containment is possible. Without counter measures ragweed expansion in Germany will take place, resulting in more allergic disease. Considering the increasing number of allergic individuals, even without ragweed invasion, containment of the neophyte should be actively persued. Unfortunately, time is running out.
An architecture featuring carbon coated, interconnected nano-grains constructed with mesopores is developed for LiMnPO4 cathode material. This architecture facilitates enhanced lithium ionic and electronic transports; favours improved lithium storage performance. Mesoporous LiMnPO4/C electrode delivers discharge capacity of 140mAhg−1 at 0.05C using galvanostatic cycling mode. This best electrochemical response of LiMnPO4/C at constant current mode is complemented by diffusion studies using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Further, the interdependence of lithium storage performance on carbon content, milling time (2, 4, 6 and 10h), grain size and porous characteristics (surface area, pore size and pore volume) is also discussed. Finally, the feasibility of LiMnPO4/C cathode is evaluated against Li4Ti5O12/C anode in a full cell.
Recent electrochemical studies involving in situ Mössbauer spectroscopy are reviewed. The principal application has been the development of new electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, where Mössbauer spectroscopy plays an important complementary role to XRD in characterizing, and usually identifying, nanocrystalline and intermediate phases of iron and tin. Other applications include the crystallography of Prussian Blue, taken using a recently developed spectrometer for acquiring multiple spectra during continuous cyclic voltammetry, valence interconversion in clay minerals and electrochemical oxygen reduction.
Magnesium batteries have long been pursued as potentially low-cost, high-energy and safe alternatives to Li-ion batteries. However, Mg2+ interacts strongly with electrolyte solutions and cathode materials, leading to sluggish ion dissociation and diffusion, and consequently low power output. Here we report a heterogeneous enolization chemistry involving carbonyl reduction (C=O↔C–O−), which bypasses the dissociation and diffusion difficulties, enabling fast and reversible redox processes. This kinetically favoured cathode is coupled with a tailored, weakly coordinating boron cluster-based electrolyte that allows for dendrite-free Mg plating/stripping at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. The combination affords a Mg battery that delivers a specific power of up to 30.4 kW kg−1, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of state-of-the-art Mg batteries. The cathode and electrolyte chemistries elucidated here propel the development of magnesium batteries and would accelerate the adoption of this low-cost and safe battery technology.
A new anode composite material is prepared by thermal treatment of a blend made of silicon monoxide (SiO) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) at 550°C followed by ball milling with graphite. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the presence of Li4SiO4 in the thermally treated (SiO+LiOH) material. The electrode appears to be smooth and glassy as evident from observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), possibly due to the presence of nano-silicon and Li4SiO4 particles, and exhibits superior performance with a charge capacity of ∼333mAhg−1 at the 100th cycle with a low-capacity fade on cycling. Cyclic voltammograms of the electrode predict high power capability. On the other hand, the electrode comprising of only SiO and C prepared through ball milling, devoid of Li4SiO4, shows hard crust particulates in the electrode exhibiting low charge–discharge capacities with cycling.
We demonstrate a very simple, cost-effective and superfast process for making Li-ion battery (LIB) anode grade carbon from agro-waste in the form of sugarcane bagasse using a low power microwave system. Activation of this bagasse derived carbon is carefully optimized by using various weight ratios of KOH to obtain the desired properties of functional carbon in terms of porosity and electrical conductivity. Low equivalent series resistance (ESR), low charge transfer resistance with good electrical conductivity, and optimum porosity for efficient ion diffusion make this carbon a good candidate for Li-ion battery anode material rendering a reversible capacity of 757mAhg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 and a good cycling performance at high current rates.
With the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have emerged as one of the most promising candidates in the fields of chemistry, material science, physics, and nanotechnology due to their unique physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties. In this Review, we briefly introduce the general synthetic strategies applied to 2D nanomaterials, followed by describing some important and newly developed members of the 2D family. Then, we discuss in detail the engineering strategies to enhance their intrinsic performance for extensive applications among the electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage, and bioimaging. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in these fields are also addressed.
Three unrelated patients, one girl, one boy, and an adult female, aged 14, 11 and 41 years, respectively, at the time of biopsy, revealed lysosomal glycogen storage, autophagic vacuoles and peculiar globular inclusions of distinct ultrastructure, which were reducing but did not appear like true “reducing bodies” as described in the congenital myopathy “reducing body myopathy”. All three patients had residual activity of acid α-glucosidase in their muscle biopsy samples. Leukocytes in the girl showed normal acid α-glucosidase activity, but in the boy activity was reduced. Molecular genetic analysis of the GAA gene revealed disease-causing mutations in each patient: H568L/R672W, IVS1–13T>G/G615F, and IVS1–13T>G/IVS1–13T>G. Although only one patient with such globular inclusions has been reported up to now, the three patients described here indicate that in the late-onset type of GSD II such inclusions may not be rare.
This paper proposes a new energy management scheduling model for optimizing operation costs of a non-isolated micro-grid. It's assumed that the micro-grid includes some renewable energy resources like wind turbines and photovoltaic panels, fuel cell, and energy storage systems, and is connected to the macro-grid through a distributed transmission line with limited capacity. Different possible uncertainties associated with different elements of the micro-grid like forecasted outputs of renewable resources, a maximum capacity of the fuel cell and batteries, a maximum capacity of distributed line and hourly demands are considered in the proposed model. Fuzzy sets concept is used to model these uncertainties in the micro-grid and a three stage optimization method is applied to find the optimal scheduling of the micro-grid under the uncertainties. The proposed method is implemented to a real case study. Impacts of variations in each element of the micro-grid and its associated uncertainty on the results are investigated through a sensitivity analysis.