batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Malaria continues to be a major infectious disease of the developing world and the problem is compounded not only by the emergence of drug resistant strains but also from a lack of a vaccine. The situation for tuberculosis (TB) infection is equally problematic. Once considered a “treatable” disease for which eradication was predicted, TB has re-emerged as highly lethal, multi-drug resistant strains after the outbreak of AIDS. Worldwide, the disease causes millions of deaths annually. Similarly, treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis have been impeded due to the potentially lethal side effects of the new and widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. Thais have utilized bioresources from plants and some microorganisms for medicine for thousands of years. Because of the need for new drugs to fight malaria and TB, with radically different chemical structures and mode of actions other than existing drugs, efforts have been directed towards searching for new drugs from bioresources. This is also true for anti-inflammatories. Although Thailand is considered species-rich, only a small number of potential bioresources has been investigated. This article briefly describes the pathogenesis of 2 infectious diseases, malaria and TB, and modern medicines employed in chemotherapy. Diversities of Thai flora and fungi and their chemical constituents with antagonistic properties against these 2 diseases are described in detail. Similarly, anti-inflammatory compounds, mostly cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, are also described herein to demonstrate the potential of Thai bioresources to provide a wide array of compounds for treatment of diseases of a different nature.
In order to study the electronic structure changes of the electrochemically delithiated Li1−x Fe0.5Co0.5PO4 system, in situ Fe and Co K-edge XAS and ex situ P K-edge XAS have been carried out during the first charging process. The Fe and Co K-edge XAS results showed that the major charge compensation at the metal sites during charge is achieved by the oxidation of Fe2+ ions at lower potential plateau (∼3.6V) and the oxidation of Co2+ ions at higher potential plateau (∼5.0V). The gradual shift of main edge features in P K-edge XANES spectra showed that PO bonds become less covalent during delithiation, due to the increased covalency of Fe3+ O bonds via the inductive effect. From the observation of pre-edge peaks, it is concluded that the electrochemical delithiation of Li1−x FePO4 result in the hybridization of P 3p states with the metal 3d states.
The paper discusses the interpretation of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurement of charging and transport of electronic species in conducting polymers, as a function of the polymer potential. The charging is accessible via two independent methods of measuring the chemical capacitance, C μ: electrically, by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and optically, by the light absorption. The conductivity, σ, is measured by the microband electrode method. We formulate the models of the chemical capacitance for the formation of polarons and bipolarons in the presence of Gaussian disorder in the energy levels. This gives rise to the appearance of either one or two broad peaks in CV, depending on the formation energies of the polaron and bipolaron species. We also discuss the interpretation of the diffusion coefficient D p and conductivity in the presence of a broad disorder. We find that the relation σ = C μ D p is generally valid, and application of the generalized Einstein relation allows us to find also the properties of the carrier mobility, u p. A decrease of the mobility at very high carrier densities is expected because the density of states (DOS) is finite, and the transport is limited by the decrease of available empty transport sites. The observation of separate capacitance peaks for polarons and bipolarons is reported in a polydicarbazole based conducting polymer, namely poly[2,6-bis-carbazole-9-yl-hexanoic acid pentafluorophenol ester]. The measured conductivity displays the expected feature, on the basis of the model, of a decrease when the DOS is saturated at high oxidation levels.
To reach ambitious CO2 mitigation targets, the transport sector has to become nearly emission-free and the most promising option for passenger cars are battery electric vehicles (BEV) powered using renewable energy. Despite their important benefits, BEV still face technological barriers, mainly their limited battery range and the limited availability of public fast-charging infrastructure. These factors are hindering the diffusion of electric vehicles (EV). The question of how to address these technical barriers has been widely analyzed in the literature, but so far there has been no cost-efficiency comparison of longer battery ranges and more widespread fast-charging infrastructure that evaluates them both technically and economically. This paper aims to find cost-efficient ways to address limited battery ranges and availability of public fast-charging infrastructure. We focus on German passenger cars that are licensed to commercial owners, since these are an important first market for EV. Our results indicate that fast-charging infrastructure is very cost-efficient as it enables significant proportions of BEV in the fleet at low infrastructure density. The technically feasible maximum BEV shares in the commercial sector can only be achieved with longer battery ranges. However, longer battery ranges are currently associated with comparatively high additional costs.
Smart manufacturing is the next industrial revolution. The requirements from the manufacturing sector, and more generally, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has been one of the driving verticals for the design and development of new concepts and technologies. Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is one such technology which provides ultra-low power and reliable communication in industrial scenarios. The heart of TSCH is the scheduling algorithm that creates a communication schedule for each node. This paper proposes a fuzzy based priority aware (FPAS) TSCH scheduling technique for scalable industrial IoT networks. The proposed technique supports service differentiation, to improve battery life and reduce latency. The algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the priority of a node. The allocation module allocates the required number of slots based on the priority and the amount of traffic generated. The proposed FPAS algorithm is compared with two existing state of the art scheduling functions (SF), scheduling function-zero (SF0) and low latency scheduling function (LLSF). The result shows that FPAS is more scalable than SF0 and LLSF, provides collision free communication and improves duty cycle by 7%, battery life by 28.26%, packet loss ratio by 94% and reduces latency by 74.63% and collisions by 89% respectively.
Hierarchical LiMn2O4 microspheres were prepared using urchin-like α-MnO2 as a self-sacrificial template. As the cathode material for lithium ion batteries, the electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge experiments. The results indicated that the LiMn2O4 microspheres had high discharge capacity and excellent cycle stability. Furthermore, a new electrochemical biosensor was constructed by immobilization of bovine myoglobin (Mb) and LiMn2O4 in a thin film of chitosan (CTS) on the surface of carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). Electrochemical behaviors of Mb entrapped in the film were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. A pair of well-defined redox peaks appears, which indicates a fast electron transfer rate of Mb with the underlying CILE. The electron transfer coefficient and electron transfer rate constant of Mb were calculated to be 0.47 and 1.04s−1, respectively. The Mb modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic ability toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with a detection limit of 0.16mmolL−1 (3σ).
To enhance the specific capacity and cycling stability of manganese binoxide (MnO2) for supercapacitor, antimony (Sb) doped tin dioxide (SnO2) is coated on MnO2 through a sol-gel method to prepare MnO2 electrodes, enhancing the electrochemical performance of MnO2 electrode in sodium sulfate electrolytes. The structure and composition of SS-MnO2 electrode are characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The electrochemical performances are evaluated and researched by galvanostatic charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that SS-MnO2 electrodes hold porous structure, displaying superior cycling stability at large current work condition in charge-discharge tests and good capacity performance at high scanning rate in CV tests. The results of EIS show that SS-MnO2 electrodes have small internal resistance. Therefore, the electrochemical performances of MnO2 electrodes are enhanced effectively by Sb-doped SnO2 coating.
A novel LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C composite is synthesized via a sol–gel process. In this composite, acetylene black is embedded in LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4. The structure and morphology of the resulting composite are characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET, and its performance as the cathode of lithium ion battery is investigated by charge–discharge test and EIS, with a comparison of the sample prepared without embedding acetylene black. It is found that the embedded composite exhibits better performance than the non-embedded sample. The former delivers a reversible capacity of 160 mAh g−1, while the latter only 142 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1C = 150 mAh g−1 in the work). The embedded acetylene black not only functions as a barrier for the growing of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 particles in the preparation process, which is important for the formation of nano-particles, but also helps build a stable conductive network, thus improving the charge–discharge performance of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4.
An easy sol–gel method was devised to synthesize the carbon-wrapped Na0.67Ni0.17Ti0.67Co0.17O2 nanoparticles (NNTC/C), which served as anode material in the new type of sodium-ion batteries. Functioned as the sodium storage medium, the NNTC/C exhibited initial discharge/charge capacities of 122/110 mA h g−1 at the rate of 0.2 C in the voltage range of 0.2–2.5 V with capacity retention of almost 82% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles. It is indicated that among the component metals, redox association only exists between the Ti4+/Ti3+ couple and the Na+ insertion and extraction during the charge/discharge process. In addition, ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis illustrated a small fluctuation of cell volume in the cycling, suggesting a high level of reversible structural changeability and stability of the NNTC/C. The characterization results demonstrate that the NNTC/C is an ideal candidate as anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Energy management is crucial in battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles. Rule based control is one typical strategy in real-time management, but its adaptability in dynamic load is quite poor. This paper aims to develop a practical energy management strategy with near-optimal performance in both energy-saving and battery life extending. Firstly, dynamic programming (DP) analysis is used to find out the optimal control mode. Three-segment control rules are then extracted from the DP results. A functional relationship is established between the power splitting parameters and load statistics. Finally, a load-adaptive rule based control strategy is proposed based on that. Two composite load cycles are tested for verification. Results show that compared with the ordinary rule based control strategy, the proposed strategy has the stronger capability of battery protecting and energy-saving under unknown load patterns, where the battery Ah throughput and total energy loss are reduced by 3.4%–15.7% and 3.0%–15.1%, respectively. The results are quite close to DP results, showing that the proposed strategy can achieve near-optimal energy management in real time with low computational cost.
Ni-rich mixed metal oxides (LiNi0.80Co0.15Mn0.05O2) as a high capacity cathode material for lithium ion battery are synthesized in two different heat-treatment atmospheres of air and oxygen, respectively. A cell with LiNi0.80Co0.15Mn0.05O2 heat-treated in the oxygen atmosphere shows better electrochemical performance of initial (193.7 mAh/g) and retention (185.2 mAh/g) capacities than a cell with the cathode material heat-treated in the air atmosphere (initial capacity: 185.2 mAh/g and retention capacity: 172.0 mAh/g). In order to find the reasons of the different electrochemical performance, the samples have been characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The structural differences are revealed at the nanometer scale from the experimental works of scanning transmission electron microscopy images mapped with orientation and reliability indices and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The NiO phase of the rock salt structure is considerably developed on the surfaces of the materials in the less oxidative environment of the air atmosphere; this is related to the poor electrochemical performances.
Background The criteria for identification of children with high risk of cerebral palsy are well documented, but the early identification of children at highest risk of minor motor deficits remains less clear. Aim To analyze the correlation between the quality of general movements (GMs) from term to twenty weeks postterm age and the motor competence between 5 and 6 years of age. Methods In the group of 45 preterm infants, the quality of GMs was assessed using Prechtl's method. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) was used to test motor competence between 5 and 6 years of age. The correlations between GMs and M-ABC results were analyzed. Results During writhing period, the sensitivity of GMs to identify children with definite motor problem was 0.86 for total impairment, 0.67 for manual dexterity, 0.89 for ball skills and 0.92 for balance. During fidgety period, the sensitivity was higher than during the writhing period: 1.00 for total impairment, 1.00 for manual dexterity, 1.00 for ball skills and 0.83 for balance, respectively. The specificity was low at both ages (total scoring 0.24 at term and 0.21 at 3 months corrected age). Conclusion The sensitivity of GMs to identify children with definite motor problems is higher at the fidgety than at the writhing period. The specificity of GMs at the term and fidgety age to predict later motor abilities is low.
Lithium metal has long been regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for future rechargeable batteries. However, the severe reaction of Li with carbonate electrolytes and the rapid growth of Li-dendrites at high current densities hinder its practical application in Li-metal batteries. Here we report a polar polymer protective layer to suppress highly corrosive cyclic carbonates by tuning polymer–solvent interactions. The CN groups of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer chains in the polar polymer network can effectively reduce high reactivity of the CO groups of carbonate solvents leading to a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with higher inorganic components. In situ optical and electron microscopes demonstrate that the polar polymer network effectively restrained the formation and growth of Li-dendrites, which helps to stabilize the plating/stripping behavior of Li in a symmetric Li|Li cell and a Li|LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cell. This study provides a useful perspective of controlling electrolyte coordination to form a stable SEI layer in carbonate electrolytes for Li-metal batteries.
Reduction or differences in facial expression are a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet evidence regarding the extent of this discrepancy is limited and inconsistent. Use of automated facial expression detection technology enables accurate and efficient tracking of facial expressions that has potential to identify individual response differences.
As a most promising anode candidate, silicon has the shortcomings of low electron conductivity and high volume expansion of 300%, hindering its applications in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, one-dimension porous silicon nanowires (pSi-NWs) were prepared through a simple metal-assisted chemical etching process by using metallurgical silicon as raw material. To consolidate the structural integrity of pSi-NWs, a crossed carbon skeleton (c-Cs) was introduced into pSi-NWs via in-situ polymerization and carbonization process. The resultant pSi-NWs@c-Cs composite delivered the high capacity of 1253 mAh g−1 with good cycling stability as well as the notable rate capability (476 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1), much superior to those of pSi-NWs and pSi-NWs@reduced graphene oxide composite. The enhanced electrochemical performance of pSi-NWs@c-Cs composite is attributed to the crossed carbon skeleton in constructing the advanced Si/C interface to more effectively improve the electron conductivity of pSi-NWs and acting as the protective shell to keep the structure integrity of pSi-NWs. As the additive of commercial graphite anode, 28% of capacity augment (460 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) was realized by adding 20 wt% of pSi-NWs@c-Cs composite into graphite, demonstrating its promising applications in LIBs.
Pig bone derived carbon with a unique hierarchical porous structure was prepared by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. The effects of activation temperature on the textural properties of the pig bone based carbons were investigated. The hierarchical porous carbons exhibit the largest BET specific surface areas and pore volume when the activation temperature reaches 850 °C, and the carbon still maintains a highly hierarchical structure even when the temperature is up to 950 °C. The pig bone derived hierarchical porous carbon/sulfur composites have been tested as a novel cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. The result shows that the cycle stability and the utilization of sulfur in the lithium–sulfur batteries have been largely improved. The hierarchical porous carbon/sulfur cathode has a high initial capacity of 1265 mAh g−1 and 643 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, which is higher than that of the normal cathodes with compact structures.
Postural control assessments are commonly administered to athletes as part of a pre-season screening. Establishing a baseline level of function permits the clinician to compare post-injury results to normal functioning during the return to play decision-making process. In the athletic setting, follow-up tests may be completed on the sideline immediately following injury. We sought to examine the effect of commonly administered external ankle joint support on postural control using the balance error scoring system (BESS) and the NeuroCom sensory organization test (SOT). Nineteen volunteers free from balance issues completed three sessions with varied ankle support: bilateral prophylactic ankle taping, laced bracing device, or barefoot. Each session included an initial balance assessment on the BESS and SOT, a 20min treadmill walk, and post-walk balance test. Fewer errors, indicating improved balance, were committed on the BESS during the barefoot condition than the braced ankle condition (p =0.044) at the pre-walk assessment. During the post-walk assessment, fewer errors were committed during the barefoot condition compared to the braced ankle condition (p =0.034) and the taped ankle condition (p =0.037). All ankle support conditions showed similar improvements in balance between the pre and post-walk assessments on the BESS (p <0.001) and SOT composite balance score (p =0.009). These findings indicate that ankle support devices may influence postural control on the BESS, but not on the NeuroCom SOT. Clinicians using the BESS as a balance assessment device at multiple time points should be consistent in the application of ankle support devices.
Shake flasks are widely used because of their low price and simple handling. Many researcher are, however, not aware of the physiological consequences of oxygen limitation and substrate overflow metabolism that occur in shake flasks. Availability of a wireless measuring system brings the possibilities for quality control and design of cultivation conditions.
Nickel oxide (NiO) nanotubes have been produced for the first time via a template processing method. The synthesis involved a two step chemical reaction in which nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanotubes were firstly formed within the walls of an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template. The template was then dissolved away using concentrated NaOH, and the freed nanotubes were converted to NiO by heat treatment in air at 350°C. Individual nanotubes measured 60μm in length with a 200nm outer diameter and a wall thickness of 20–30nm. The NiO nanotube powder was used in Li-ion cells for assessment of the lithium storage ability. Preliminary testing indicates that the cells demonstrate controlled and sustainable lithium diffusion after the formation of an SEI. Reversible capacities in the 300mAhg−1 range were typical.
The stabilities of the host and interfacial structure for layered LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O2 cathode materials are critical for their electrochemical properties, especially at high voltage. This study reports the synergetic effect of the Zr and Ti elements on the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material (NCM523). The as-obtained Zr/Ti modified LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material shows the excellent electrochemical performance at high voltage. It delivers 167.3 mAh·g−1 at 1 C over 3.0–4.4 V corresponding 94.20% capacity retention after 200 cycles. Moreover, the rate capability of Zr/Ti co-modified NCM523 at 16 C (3.0–4.4 V) rises to 139.4 mAh·g−1 and corresponding capacity retention (vs. 0.5 C) is 79.57%. In addition, its capacity retention reaches to 91.71% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate even at 3.0–4.6 V. Such superior electrochemical performances are ascribed to the Zr doping and Ti modification. The synergetic modifications of the Zr/Ti elements not only stabilize the crystal structure, but also absorb the lithium residues to form mixed Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 coating layers, which strengthen the stability of the interfacial structure and the kinetic characteristics of the cathode materials.
Conductive additives, like carbon black or graphite, are essential components of lithium ion batteries due to the limited electrical conductivity of most electrode materials. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the optimized distribution of these materials within the electrode. A dry mixing process is used in order to prepare a conductive coating by depositing carbon black on the surface of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC) cathode particles. It is demonstrated that this – from a theoretically point of view – favorable distribution does not allow the preparation of working electrodes without taking into account the role of the binder. After adding an organic binder to the slurry, the polymer deposits on top of the carbon shell during drying and inhibits the conductive contact between the particles. This can be avoided by a fraction of distributed carbon particles which are associated with the binder phase providing conductive paths through the isolating organic material. It is shown that carbon black and graphite are principally fulfilling this task, but both materials are leading to varying processing behavior and electrode properties.