batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Context Imaging and post-mortem studies provide converging evidence that subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) have a dysregulated trajectory of frontal lobe myelination. Prior MRI studies suggested that early in treatment of SZ, antipsychotic medications initially increase frontal lobe white matter (WM) volume, which subsequently declines prematurely in chronic stages of the disease. Insofar as the trajectory of WM decline associated with chronic disease may be due to medication non-adherence, it may be modifiable by long acting injection (LAI) formulations. Objectives Examine the impact of antipsychotic formulation on the myelination trajectory during a randomized six-month trial of LAI risperidone (RLAI) versus oral risperidone (RisO) in first-episode SZ subjects. Design Two groups of SZ subjects (RLAI, N=11; and RisO, N=13) that were matched in pre-randomization oral medication exposure and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively examined. Frontal lobe WM volume was estimated using inversion recovery (IR) MRI images. A brief neuropsychological battery that focused on reaction times was performed at the end of the study. Main outcome measure WM volume change scores. Results WM volume remained stable in the RLAI and decreased significantly in the RisO groups resulting in a significant differential treatment effect, while the HC had a WM change intermediate and not significantly different from the two SZ groups. WM increase was associated with faster reaction times in tests involving frontal lobe function. Conclusions The results suggest that RLAI may improve the trajectory of myelination in first-episode patients and have a beneficial impact on cognitive performance. Better adherence provided by LAI may underlie the modified trajectory of myelin development. In vivo MRI biomarkers of myelination can help clarify mechanisms of action of treatment interventions.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into an essential diagnostic modality for the evaluation of various conditions. In line with the increase in MRI applications, the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is growing and many of the CEID recipients of today may require MRI examinations in the future. Traditionally, MRI examination of CIED recipients has been considered a contraindication. However, recent studies have provided strong evidence that MRI can safely be performed in selected patients with specific precautions. This review highlights the interactions of MRI with CIEDs, summarizes the literature, and outlines the Johns Hopkins Safety Protocol.
Derivates of metal-organic frameworks are promising materials of self-supported Li ion battery anodes due to the good dispersion of active materials, conductive scaffold, and mass transport channels in them. However, the discontinuous growth and poor adherence of metal-organic framework films on substrates hamper their development in self-supported electrodes. In the present study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks are anchored on Ti nanowire arrays through an electrochemically assistant method, and then the metal-organic framework films are pyrolyzed to carbon-containing, porous, self-supported anodes of Li ion battery anodes. Scanning electron microscope images indicate that, a layer cobaltosic oxide polyhedrons inserted by the nanowires are obtained with the controllable in-situ synthesis. Thanks to the good dispersion and adherence of cobaltosic oxide polyhedrons on Ti substrates, the self-supported anodes exhibit remarkable rate capability and durability. They possess a capacity of 300 mAh g−1 at a rate current of 20 A g−1, and maintain 2000 charge/discharge cycles without obvious decay.
The addition of nanoparticles to an organic ionic plastic crystal can result in orders of magnitude increases in ionic conductivity, which makes these materials of interest as solid state electrolytes. However, this effect is not universal and depends on both the nature of the organic ionic plastic crystal and on the type of nanoparticle used. The effect of addition of TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles to a range of ionic materials with varying plasticity and rotator phase behaviour has been studied by thermal analysis and conductivity and the effect on the different materials is compared.
Monitoring rock displacements is important to understanding the behavior of a rock mass and to assessing its stability. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based positioning system developed in the USA; it was established as a navigation system and then as a method for long baseline surveys (e.g., Hoffman-Wellenhof et al. 2001; The Survey Advisory Board and the Public Land Survey Office for State of Washington Department of Natural Resources 2004; Misra and Enge 2006). GPS has the potential to monitor three-dimensional displacements over an extensive area with high accuracy. It began to be used for displacement monitoring in the mid-1980s in the fields of civil and mining engineering, and other related fields (e.g., Chrzanowski and Wells 1988; Burkholder 1988, 1989). Since then, practical applications have been performed by many researchers (e.g., Hudnut and Behr 1998; Gili et al. 2000; Malet et al. 2002; Kim et al. 2003; Taşçi 2008), and some guidelines have been published for displacement (deformation) monitoring (e.g., US Army Corps of Engineers 2002; Vermeer 2002; Bond 2004).
Until now, a small number of studies have analysed the carbon footprint (CO2 eq. emissions) of the application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in conventional Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems considering different conventional fossil fuels as the source of heat. In those scarce studies, the different environmental impact categories were estimated using, on the one hand, diverse environmental methodologies and, on the other hand, different environmental evaluation methods (the midpoint and endpoint approaches). Despite the fact that several researchers have used the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology as a tool to estimate the environmental impact of TES systems, there is no unanimity in the scientific community on the environmental evaluation method to be used. As a consequence, research results cannot be easily compared. This article evaluates the introduction of a TES system (using different PCMs) to recover the waste thermal energy released in industrial processes, which can be used in other applications, thereby avoiding fossil fuel consumption by the associated equipment to produce thermal energy. Five different fossil fuels have been considered to generate the 20 case studies that were analysed using the same methodology (LCA) and evaluation method (Global Warming Potential, GWP100, a midpoint approach). The results were used to identify the best cases, considering the environmental benefits that they generate. Additionally, this research indicates that the benefits can be achieved since, in general, the amount of conventional fuels saved is sufficiently large to balance the environmental impact associated with the inclusion of PCMs in conventional TES. Nevertheless, the selection of a PCM can increase or eliminate the environmental benefits obtained.
Freestanding hierarchical NiO/MnO2 core/shell nanocomposite arrays were synthesized by a two-step method including chemical bath deposition and hydrothermal reaction. Their morphology and structure were characterized by XRD and SEM. NiO net-like macroporous nanoflake arrays grow on Ni foam as freestanding core backbone material, and MnO2 nanosized mesoporous foams grow on the two sides of NiO nanoflakes, forming secondary shell structure on NiO nanoflakes. Electrochemical performances were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). NiO/MnO2 nanocomposite arrays show improved electrochemical performance: high specific capacity (190mAhg−1 at 1Ag−1 and 167mAhg−1 at 20Ag−1) and high cycling stability (92% retention at 2Ag−1 after 4000 cycles) as well as good rate performance. CV testing indicates both NiO and MnO2 participate in the Faradic reactions even though MnO2 nanosized mesoporous foam covers the surface of NiO nanoflakes. EIS shows that charge-transfer resistance and Warburg resistance decrease, which reflects that the nanocomposite structure can improve electrochemical activity of NiO and MnO2. SEM observation on the cycled electrode confirms the intense synergistic effect of NiO/MnO2 nanocomposite. Electrochemical investigation reveals the freestanding hierarchical NiO/MnO2 core/shell nanocomposite array designed here is a good electrode material for high-performance electrochemical energy storage.
2-Methoxyethyl (methyl) carbonate (MOEMC) has been identified as a useful solvent for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. The conductivity–temperature and viscosity–temperature data for Li salt solutions in MOEMC can be fitted to the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. The electrolytes formulated in MOEMC are characterized by the appearance of glass-transition temperatures without encountering freezing points, and this unique low-temperature behavior has allowed us to experimentally determine their glass-transition temperatures. This in turn has enabled us to experimentally demonstrate the application of the VTF theory to explain the conductivity–temperature data of these electrolytes. The results support a solvent-assisted ion conduction mechanism attributable to the strong interactions between the solvent molecules and Li ions. There appears to be no strong interaction between solvent molecules and the anions, but because of ion-pairing, the anion conduction is indirectly assisted by solvent fluctuations. Strong interactions between the solvent and Li+ have been verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopic data. The electrolytes formulated in MOEMC have been tested for their electrochemical stability and Li cycling performance of the graphite anode and the LiCoO2 cathode, thereby demonstrating their utility for Li-ion battery development.
Cognitive and affective Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities increase significantly in adolescence and a developmental step in middle adolescence can be seen.Girls outperform boys regarding cognitive ToM, but not regarding affective ToM.Across adolescence, attention and affective intelligence are associated with cognitive and affective ToM; Cognitive ToM is additionally predicted by working memory, language comprehension, and figural intelligence.Associated neuropsychological variables vary across ToM type and adolescent age group.Results are supported by neuroscientific and neurobiological studies regarding ToM and the integration of cognitive and affective processes.
Octahedron-shaped CoS2 crystals have been successfully fabricated through a simple hydrothermal route without any surfactant or template. The well-defined octahedral structures are highly uniform with a mean edge length of ∼ 360nm and exhibit a high geometric symmetry. The mechanism for the evolution process of the final octahedral structures is researched and proposed to begin with a growth and self-aggregation process, followed by an Ostwald ripening process. When electrochemically investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the as-fabricated CoS2 electrode shows typical pseudocapative properties with a specific capacitance of 236.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Remarkably, it exhibits an excellent cycling stability at 2 A g−1 with only a loss of 7.4% in the specific capacitance after 2000 cycles.
This paper introduces an online and intelligent energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Based on analytic analysis between fuel-rate and battery current at different driveline power and vehicle speed, quadratic equations are applied to simulate the relationship between battery current and vehicle fuel-rate. The power threshold at which engine is turned on is optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) based on vehicle fuel-rate, battery state of charge (SOC) and driveline power demand. The optimal battery current when the engine is on is calculated using quadratic programming (QP) method. The proposed algorithm can control the battery current effectively, which makes the engine work more efficiently and thus reduce the fuel-consumption. Moreover, the controller is still applicable when the battery is unhealthy. Numerical simulations validated the feasibility of the proposed controller.
Progressive apraxia of speech (AOS) can result from neurodegenerative disease and can occur in isolation or in the presence of agrammatic aphasia. We aimed to determine the neuroanatomical and metabolic correlates of progressive AOS and aphasia. Thirty-six prospectively recruited subjects with progressive AOS or agrammatic aphasia, or both, underwent the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and Token Test to assess aphasia, an AOS rating scale (ASRS), 3T MRI and 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Correlations between clinical measures and imaging were assessed. The only region that correlated to ASRS was left superior premotor volume. In contrast, WAB and Token Test correlated with hypometabolism and volume of a network of left hemisphere regions, including pars triangularis, pars opercularis, pars orbitalis, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and inferior parietal lobe. Progressive agrammatic aphasia and AOS have non-overlapping regional correlations, suggesting that these are dissociable clinical features that have different neuroanatomical underpinnings.
Charge transport in the polymer film formed by anodic oxidation of Ni(dobpy) (dobpy=6,6′-bis(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine dianion) in acetonitrile with tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte was investigated. Oxidation of the poly[Ni(dobpy)] film is accompanied by movement of perchlorate ions into the film to main electroneutrality. The charge transfer characteristics of the film at different electrolyte concentrations, applied potentials and film thickness obtained from a.c. impedance analysis suggested that the charge propagation is controlled by the migration of ions through the polymer film. In situ FTIR spectroelectrochemical studies indicated that the absorption bands of the phenoxy rings are enhanced when the polymer film is oxidized, implying that electron diffusion occurs via the Ph–Ph–O–Ni–O–Ph–Ph bridge in the conjugated polymer backbone during film oxidation.
Polymer gel electrolytes were prepared by soaking poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) membranes, obtained by casting solutions of PVdF copolymer or homopolymers in a solvent such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and N-methylpyrollidone (NMP), into an electrolyte solution of 1 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate (PC). During the casting process, phase separation occurred leading to non- or low-porous membranes when the phase separation remained in its early stage or to highly porous membranes when it was mostly achieved. The phase separation was enhanced with the increase in the polymer crystallinity and was more significant in the case of the homopolymers. The membranes cast from NMP solutions were non- or low-porous and showed very low uptakes of the electrolyte solution and low conductivity. In this case, the copolymer showed higher uptakes of the electrolyte solution than the homopolymers. It was also found that even for an equivalent uptake of the electrolyte solution the conductivity was higher for the copolymer than the homopolymer, attributable to the lowest crystallinity of the copolymer. On the contrary, the membranes obtained from MEK solutions with slow evaporation rates were highly porous for the homopolymers and absorb much more electrolyte solution than non- or low-porous membranes. The polymer electrolytes from the porous membranes exhibited conductivity of 10−3 S/cm at 30°C. The phase separation process was very important since it allowed a higher uptake of the electrolyte solution and thus a higher conductivity. Nevertheless, increasing porosity affected the mechanical properties of the membranes when it exceeded 50% of the total volume. The principal limitation of the uptake of electrolyte was caused by the loss of mechanical strength. Concerning the potential window and the evolution of the interfacial resistance at the Li/polymer electrolyte interface, no significant difference could be pointed out between the copolymer and the homopolymers.
The integration of a macroporous Si (pSi) layer on an electrodeposited Cu current collector is proposed as a facile, low-cost and industrial-scalable procedure to elaborate efficient new anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The preparation process consists of i) formation of macropores on a Si wafer by electrochemical etching, ii) chemical deposition of Cu NPs on microstructured Si, iii) electroplating of a thick continuous Cu film, and iv) peeling of pSi–Cu film. The anode device is flexible and presents a total thickness, comprising the current collector, of 25 μm. SEM characterization shows the partial integration of the copper film inside the Si porous structure. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed this architecture enhances the electrical contact between the Cu current collector and the pSi due to the optimized interface of the two materials. A specific capacity of 1360 mAh g−1 in EC/DMC LiPF6 1 M is achieved at low galvanostatic discharge current (0.2 A g−1). Even during cycling at a high current density of 1.8 A g−1, the macroporous silicon anode was stable, demonstrating a specific capacity of 750 mAh g−1 twice as large as graphite based anodes.
In order to improve the high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) performance of lead-acid batteries for hybrid-electric vehicles, graphene oxide (GO), polypyrrole (PPy) and three PPy/GO composites with different weight ratio of pyrrole to GO (m py/m GO) were selected as additives to form negative plates and simulated test cells. The effects of these additives on the electrochemical performance and the microstructure of the negative plate and on the HRPSoC cycle performance of the simulated test cell were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of the negative plate is changed with the addition of different additives. GO significantly increases the hydrogen (H2) evolution ability of the negative plate, while PPy has the opposite effect. The incorporation of the proper content of PPy with GO can effectively inhibit the H2 evolution of the negative plate. Moreover, adding different additives in the negative plate also decreases its total impedance, accelerates the redox processes between Pb and PbSO4 on it and increases its specific capacitance. GO and the PPy/GO composite with m py/m GO =1:1 (PG1) can significantly increase the HRPSoC cycle life of the simulated test cell. Considering the H2 evolution performance and the HRPSoC cycle performance, the PPy/GO composites with a medium m py/m GO ratio, such as PG1, may be the appropriate additives for the negative plate of lead-acid batteries.
Integrating MoS2 with various carbonaceous matrices, especially graphene, has been extensively explored for lithium-ion storage. However, mostly reported MoS2/graphene/MoS2 nanostructures have been suffering from their low yield, costly and time-consuming prepared methods as well as their polysulfide shuttling problem owing to a certain degree of adverse reaction to the electrolyte. Herein, layer-by-layer nitrogen-doped graphene/MoS2/nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG/MoS2/NDG) stacking heterostructure has been prepared through a scalable and low-cost in-situ thermal decomposition-reduction method. This new NDG/MoS2/NDG exhibits high crystallization degree MoS2, intimate interface contacts and fully NDG coating, which can effective host the electrochemical products of Mo and soluble lithium polysulfide and restrain the adverse reaction to the electrolyte. As a result, it shows a high initial CE (84.3%), excellent high-rate cycle performance (552 mAh g−1 at 1Ag−1 after 600 cycles) and a high areal capacity (409 mAh g−1 at 8.73mgcm−2) when evaluated as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anode. Moreover, we have systematically studied the Li-storage mechanism, which confirms that the NDG coating layer shows significantly effect and advantage on solving polysulfide shuttling problem. We believe that this work can open up an avenue for the rational design of various anode materials, such as NDG coated metal oxides and sulfides for high performance LIBs and other energy related field.
Succinonitrile (SN) has been used as functional additive to improve the thermal stability and broaden the oxidation electrochemical window of commercial electrolyte 1 M LiPF6/EC/DEC (1:1, by volume) for high-voltage LIBs (cathode: Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, anode: Li). 1 wt % SN-based electrolyte showed a wide electrochemical oxidation window of 5.4 V vs Li+/Li and excellent thermal stability demonstrated by thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as theoretical analysis according to molecular orbital theory. The LNMO (Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2) battery with 1 wt % SN-based electrolyte showed better cyclability and capacity retention when charged to higher cut-off voltage. The improved battery performance is mainly attributed to the formation of uniform cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) formed by interfacial reactions between the LNMO cathode and electrolyte. The outcome of this work and the continuous research on this subject can generate critical knowledge for designing thermal stability electrolytes for large format lithium-ion batteries.
MgO-templated mesoporous carbons annealed from 900 to 1,500 °C were examined as active materials for negative electrodes in a propylene carbonate electrolyte containing 1 M sodium hexafluorophosphate. The carbons annealed at 1,000 °C exhibited 180 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 A g−1 in a potential range of 2.00–0.01 V versus Na+/Na. The carbons showed good rate capability as well as cyclability. It is considered that mesopores plays a role of easy diffusion pathway for ions, and also significantly relates to both electric double layer capacitance and faradaic reactions involving Na ions. X-ray diffraction patterns, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and Raman spectra were discussed for characterization of the carbons. Raman spectra indicated a reversible interaction of reduced Na with carbons. However, Na intercalation in the carbon layers was not confirmed for the carbon annealed at 1,000 °C. This is because the Na intercalation sites in the carbon layers are very few due to the disordered structure caused by the relatively low temperature annealing.
The protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in diverse memory processes and is strongly expressed in the hippocampus. The hippocampus itself is a key structure involved in the processing of information from short-term to long-term memory. Due to the putative role of BDNF in memory consolidation, a prominent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the BDNF gene (BDNF Val66Met) was investigated in the context of long-term memory performance. N = 138 students were presented with 40 words from 10 categories, each consisting of eight words such as ‘fruits’ or ‘vehicles’ in a memory recognition task (specifically the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm). Recognition performance was analyzed 25 min after the initial presentation of the word list and subsequently 1 week after the initial presentation. Overall, individual long-term memory performance immediately after learning the word list (T1) and performance 1 week later (T2) did not differ on the basis of the BDNF SNP, but an interaction effect of BDNF Val66Met by time-of-recall was found: Carriers of the Met66+ variant showed the strongest decline in hit rate performance over time.