batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
With an aim to understand the role of recently reported Ti-containing additives like TiB2 on the rechargeability of manganese oxide cathodes in alkaline cells, a redox reaction involving the chemical oxidation of Mn(OH)2 with H2O2 in KOH solution and a non-redox reaction involving the reaction of Mn(III) acetate with KOH have been carried out in the presence and absence of 1wt% TiB2 and 0.5wt% TiB2 +4.5wt% Bi2O3 additives. The solid products formed during the reactions have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and a redox titration to determine the oxidation state of manganese while the filtrate has been analyzed to determine the amount of dissolved manganese with reaction time. The results suggest that irreversible reactions that follow the disproportionation reaction of dissolved Mn3+, which leads to the formation of electrochemically inactive phases like birnessite (δ-MnO2) and hausmannite (Mn3O4) and a consequent decline in capacity retention, are suppressed in the presence of the TiB2 additive, with the suppression being more effective when Bi2O3 is present along with TiB2.
Despite active developments, full-cell cycling of Li-battery anodes with >50 wt% Si (a Si-majority anode, SiMA) is rare. The main challenge lies in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which when formed naturally (nSEI), is fragile and cannot tolerate the large volume changes of Si during lithiation/delithiation. An artificial SEI (aSEI) with a specific set of mechanical characteristics is henceforth designed; we enclose Si within a TiO2 shell thinner than 15 nm, which may or may not be completely hermetic at the beginning. In situ TEM experiments show that the TiO2 shell exhibits 5× greater strength than an amorphous carbon shell. Void-padded compartmentalization of Si can survive the huge volume changes and electrolyte ingression, with a self-healing aSEI + nSEI. The half-cell capacity exceeds 990 mA h g−1 after 1500 cycles. To improve the volumetric capacity, we further compress SiMA 3-fold from its tap density (0.4 g cm−3) to 1.4 g cm−3, and then run the full-cell battery tests against a 3 mA h cm−2 LiCoO2 cathode. Despite some TiO2 enclosures being inevitably broken, 2× the volumetric capacity (1100 mA h cm−3) and 2× the gravimetric capacity (762 mA h g−1) of commercial graphite anode is achieved in stable full-cell battery cycling, with a stabilized areal capacity of 1.6 mA h cm−2 at the 100th cycle. The initial lithium loss, characterized by the coulombic inefficiency (CI), is carefully tallied on a logarithmic scale and compared with the actual full-cell capacity loss. It is shown that a strong, non-adherent aSEI, even if partially cracked, facilitates an adaptive self-repair mechanism that enables full-cell cycling of a SiMA, leading to a stabilized coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.9%.
A hybrid power system is an emerging power generation technique which involves a combination of different energy systems, mostly renewables for optimal output configuration. In modern pursuit for renewable energy (RE) development, optimum conditions for the production and utilization of energy system are considered to be an indispensable feature for economic load dispatch. This is a rationalizing fact taking into consideration the rising price of energy for socio-economic development. Therefore, this paper reviews primary issues regarding the drivers and specific benefits of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). Moreover, this paper presents discussions on the various renewable energy sources which can be explored for HRES implementation. Finally, the framework unfolds a vivid review on factors to be considered for designing and implementation of HRES in general including simulation and optimization software packages for making such analyses.
Résumé Les dysfonctions cognitives postopératoires résiduelles sont des altérations durables des processus mentaux qui surviennent au-delà de sept jours après une intervention chirurgicale. Elles concernent plus de 10 % des sujets âgés de plus de 70 ans. Leur survenue est indépendante du type d’anesthésie pratiquée. Les dysfonctions cognitives pourraient être la conséquence d’une altération du capital neuronal des patients d’origine multifactorielle. Un processus de réadaptation est possible au cours du temps expliquant la régression de la fréquence des symptômes au fil des mois. Une stratégie globale de prise en charge doit être envisagée en préopératoire chez les patients à risque.
Numerous neurological consequences of alcoholism have been identified, including hepatic encephalopathy, Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome, Marchaifava–Bignami disease and central pontine myelinosis. Here, Zahr et al. focus on Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome, exploring their position within a proposed spectrum of neurological disruption that begins with alcohol-related brain damage.
This paper presents a portable Raman sensor system based on a miniaturized optical bench with integrated 671nm microsystem diode laser as excitation light source for the rapid in situ detection of meat spoilage. The system comprises three main components. A handheld measurement head with a dimension of 210mm×240mm×60mm containing a laser driver electronics board, the Raman optical bench, and a battery pack as power supply serves for excitation as well as collection of the Raman signals in backscattering geometry. The signal detection is realized by a custom-designed miniature spectrometer with an optical resolution of 8cm−1 and a dimension of 200mm×190mm×70mm which is fiber-optically connected to the measurement head. To control the spectrometer as well as for data storage a netbook is applied. To point out the ability of the sensor system for the rapid identification of meat spoilage porcine musculus longissimus dorsi (LD) and musculus semimembranosus (SM) were used as test samples. Stored refrigerated at 5°C the meat cuts were investigated in time-dependent measurement series up to 3 weeks after slaughter. Meat Raman spectra with an integration time of 10s can be detected with an excitation laser power of 100mW at the sample. The spectral changes of the Raman data set during storage were analyzed by principal components analysis. Specific periods of age could be discriminated in the Raman spectra which correlate very well with bacterial growth kinetics determined by microbial reference analyses. Thus, fresh meat with low bacterial load can be identified and a discrimination of spoiled samples exceeding the threshold of 106 cfu/cm2 around day 7 post-mortem for both examined meat cuts was possible.
Li-ion battery failure becomes one of major challenges for reliable battery applications, as it could cause catastrophic consequences. Compared with capacity fading resulted from calendar effects, Li-plating induced battery failures are more difficult to identify, as they causes sudden capacity loss leaving limited time for failure diagnosis. This paper presents a new internal state variable (ISV) mapping approach to identify values of immeasurable battery ISVs considering changes of inherent parameters of battery system dynamics for Li-plating diagnosis. Employing the developed ISV mapping approach, an explicit functional relationship model between measurable battery signals and immeasurable battery ISVs can be developed. The developed model can then be used to identify ISVs from an online battery system for the occurrence identification of Li-plating. Employing multiphysics based simulation of Li-plating using COMSOL, the proposed Li-plating diagnosis approach is implemented under different conditions in the case studies to demonstrate its efficacy in diagnosis of Li-plating onset timings.
Portable ramps are generally used by wheelchair users, provide temporary solution to increase accessibility in their daily lives. Portable ramps should allow for modifications in terms of weight, length, load bearing capacity, ease of handling, storage and further design parameters. Different types of portable ramps can be found in the market; however, their modifications cannot go beyond just length modification, or they allow to select just some restricted width options. However, portable ramps are quite suitable for mass customization concept which helps to satisfy customer while being involved in design step. This study aims to determine the wheelchair users’ expectations and correspondingly to offer a smart mass customization design tool which potential users are able to interact with easily. To this end, a case study is conducted with a rollable ramp which is designed and developed within the scope of 1512 – Entrepreneurship Multi-phase Programme (Teknogirişim Sermaye Desteği Programı) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). The methodology and its implementation are described elaborately, and example of a parametric smart customization tool design are illustrated in this study. First, the preliminary study is explained briefly. Afterward, the desired modification parameters are determined with literature and patent survey as well as observation and interviews with the potential users. After systematic review and evaluation of user experiences, the model is assessed.
In this paper, we present a new key term extraction system able to handle with the particularities of “support documents”. Our system takes advantages of frequency-based and thesaurus-based approaches to recognize two different classes of key terms. On the one hand, it identifies multi-domain key terms of the collection using Wikipedia as knowledge resource. On the other hand, the system extracts specific key terms highly related with the context of a support document. We use the frequency in language as a criterion to detect and rank such terms. To prove the validity of our system we have designed a set of experiment using a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) collection of documents. Since our approach is generic, minor modifications should be undertaken to adapt the system to other kind of support documents. The empirical results evidence the validity of our approach.
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a nonlesional condition associated with mutation of the gene coding for the α4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). The nAChR modulates aspects of memory and attention. We examined the neuropsychological phenotype of ADNFLE, with a particular emphasis on understanding the impact on frontal lobe functions. We used standard clinical tests as well as focused measures of frontal lobe function in a well-defined group of patients with ADNFLE. Their performance was compared with that of a group of age-, sex-, and education-matched control participants. Patients with ADNFLE showed impairments on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility against a background of well-preserved intellectual abilities. In accord with existing research, verbal memory impairments were identified in the patient group; the level of impairment on these tasks correlated with disease-related factors. In our study of ADNFLE associated with one mutation, cognitive flexibility appears to be the core cognitive deficit.
This paper studies the relation between party institutionalization and intra-party preference homogeneity in democracies. In weakly institutionalized parties, it cannot be taken for granted that party actors have similar policy views because they lack the capability or motivation to coordinate agreement and to recruit personnel in line with this agreement. This should matter most when other safeguards against preference heterogeneity are missing. Empirically, we explore the association between institutionalization and intra-party preference homogeneity at the level of candidates to the national legislature based on survey data. In a single-country study, we first look at the case of Germany in 2013 and 2017, contrasting the young and weakly institutionalized Alternative for Germany (AfD) with the older, established parties. In a second step, we study the link between party institutionalization and preference homogeneity in a cross-country analysis of 19 established democracies. We find that parties with high value infusion—parties whose candidates are committed to the party—are generally more homogenous in their policy preferences. Moreover, value infusion is more consequential when the issues in question are not constitutive for the party and when candidates are selected in a decentralized way. Similarly, routinization of internal party behavior—the second dimension of institutionalization that we account for—seems to contribute to preference homogeneity only when parties are less policy oriented and have decentralized candidate selection procedures.
Thermal initiation polymerization was used and optimized to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate) gel polymer electrolytes (PMMA-GPE). The impact of vinylene carbonate (VC) on the electrochemical performance of mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers in PMMA-GPE for lithium-ion batteries was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and charge–discharge test. As expected, adding VC with a proper concentration of 1 vol% into GPE results in better electrolyte conductivity, cycling performance, and reversible capacity. Combining with Scanning electron microscopy, LSV and CV, detailed EIS investigation was used in order to better understand the modified mechanisms of graphite electrode in GPE with VC. The results reveal that the improvement of electrochemical performance is mainly due to the effective inhibition on growth of the internal resistance, which mainly attributed to the solid electrolyte interphase with an electrochemically and structurally stability mainly formed by the reduction and polymerization of VC at higher potential as restraining the side reaction of the reduction and polymerization of matrix in GPE.
Mites, and especially soil-inhabiting ones, have been less studied than the other invertebrates used in bio-assays for the assessment of soil quality and the hazards of chemicals, although these organisms are included in the regulatory assessment scheme of pesticides. The recent advances in the development of test methods for soil mites groups have provided more information on their sensitivities towards chemicals, which needs to be presented for a more robust assessment of the current trends in soil mite ecotoxicology. Moreover, interestingly mite is the only taxa for which test methods were developed and standardized on predatory organisms. This review summarizes the different protocols for the assessment of chemicals using soil-inhabiting mites, including laboratory, semi-field and field studies. Among the data found in the literature, most of the chemicals assessed with mites were pesticides, while a few environmental samples were assessed with these organisms. Their sensitivities towards chemicals were then compared and discussed regarding other soil invertebrates. Finally, we conclude on the usefulness of soil mites in ecotoxicology, and provide future research trail in this area.
Graphite–tin composites were produced by high-energy bail-milling. X-ray diffraction and HREM observation showed that graphite became amorphous and tin became nanocrystalline after the intensive ball milling. The element Sn was encapsulated in the ductile graphite matrix on a nanometer scale. Electrochemical tests show that the lithium storage capacity increases with the addition of Sn, which could be attributed to the reaction of Sn with Li to form Li x Sn alloys. The volume expansion due to the alloying process may be buffered by the amorphous graphite matrix. The C0.9Sn0.1 electrode can deliver a discharge capacity of 1250mAh/g in the initial cycle. Generally, the capacity of the ball-milled C, C0.9Sn0.1 and C0.8Sn0.2 electrodes decrease with cycling quite quickly, but the C0.9Sn0.1 and C0.8Sn0.2 electrodes have better cyclability than that of the ball-milled graphite electrode. The combination of C and Sn could be an anode material with high capacity for lithium-ion batteries.
Microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of La0.7Ce0.3Ni4.2Mn0.9−x Cu0.37(V0.81Fe0.19) x hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope results indicate that La0.7Ce0.3Ni4.2Mn0.9Cu0.37 alloy is single LaNi5 phase, and the alloys containing V0.81Fe0.19 consist of LaNi5 matrix phase and V–Mn–Ni secondary phase, and the abundance of secondary phase increases with increasing x value. The activation property of the alloy electrodes is improved by increasing V0.81Fe0.19 content. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes changes a little with increasing x value. HRD1200 first increases from 60.4% (x =0) to 70.8% (x =0.10), and then decreases to 56.6% (x =0.20). Cycling stability decreases with increasing x from 0 to 0.20. The adequate substitution of Mn by V0.81Fe0.19 can improve overall electrochemical performances of Co-free high-Mn AB5 alloy.
To assess the internal construct validity of the Perceived Impact of Problem Profile (PIPP), a patient based outcome measure based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which assesses impact and distress, in an osteoarthritis (OA) cohort.
Lithium plating and dendrite formation can occur on the graphite surface at high current densities. What is more, graphite generates a 10% volume change during cycling, resulting in a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) crack and further electrolyte decomposition. Here, p-Toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (PTSI) as an electrolyte additive is evaluated to overcome the above problem of Li/graphite cells. The results show that the cycling capacity of Li/graphite cell with 0.5wt% PTSI is effectively enhanced at high current densities. Remarkably, we find that a stable SEI film derived from PTSI is generated on the graphite surface. The SEI film can obviously inhibit the reductive decomposition of electrolyte, electrode erosion and LiF formation upon cycling. This additive will provide new avenues for the rational engineering of advanced Li-ion batteries.
The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the hydrothermally prepared manganese oxide (MnO2) nanostructures are discussed in this paper. Interesting nanostructures of MnO2, mixture of nanostructured surface with a distinct plate-like morphology and nanorods, have been prepared by employing hydrothermal synthesis under mild conditions. The specific surface area of the prepared material was 132m2 g−1. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanostructured material were studied using galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry in a mild aqueous electrolyte that showed a high specific capacitance of 168Fg−1. In addition, the synthesized nanomaterial showed a good reversibility and cycling stability.
Tattoos are common and used extensively as either body art or cosmetic make-up; more rarely, they can be traumatic in nature. We have systemically analysed the literature for the patterns of red pigment tattoo reactions and their treatment options. Our search identified 18 articles; there was 1 non-randomised controlled trial, and the rest were small case studies. In total 139 patients were included within the studies. This review systematically analyses the different subsets of red tattoo reactions including lichenoid, dermatitis, granulomatous, pseudolymphomatous and miscellaneous reactions. The current evidence for the treatment for the above is presented. Dermatitis and lichenoid reactions appear to be the most common subtype of red pigment reactions with various treatment methods applied showing laser intervention to have some degree of success.
The use and scrap of lithium ion batteries, especially power lithium ion batteries in China, are increasing every year. Regeneration of spent battery materials is not only important for environmental protection and resource saving, but also for the production of high value-added materials. In this research, spent power lithium-ion battery cathode material LiNi1-xCoxO2 was acid-leached and a polymetallic leaching solution containing Li, Ni, Co, Al and Cu was obtained. Cu was extracted from the leachate by using CP-150 (2-hydroxy-5-nonyl salicylaldehyde oxime). The optimal conditions were found to be organic: aqueous phase ratio (O/A) = 2:1, extraction agent concentration of 30%, and pH = 3. The precursor was prepared by coprecipitation of the leachate after Cu removal. Then, cathode material of lithium nickel cobalt aluminate LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 was synthesized under the optimal conditions of n (precursor): n (lithium carbonate) = 1:1.1, calcination temperature of 800 °C for 15 h. The regenerated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 product prepared under the optimized conditions was in a pure phase with a layered structure and a smooth surface morphology. The first charge specific capacity was 248.7 mAh/g, and the discharge specific capacity was 162 mAh/g. The interfacial impedance was 119 Ω. The 50th-cycle discharge specific capacity was 149.1 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate was high as 92%. Therefore, the regenerated cathode material exhibited good performance.
To investigate the effect of non-graphitic carbon coatings on the thermal stability of spherical natural graphite at elevated temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements are performed. Data from DSC studies show that the thermal stability of the surface modified natural graphite electrode is improved. The surface modification results in a decrease in the BET surface specific area. An improvement in coulombic efficiency and a reduction in irreversible capacity are also observed for the carbon-coated natural graphite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that carbon coating alleviates the release of intercalated lithium from natural graphite at an elevated temperature and acts as a protective layer against electrolyte attack.
The two main degradation mechanisms of the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/electrolyte interface are already known to be the electrolyte oxidation and the dissolution of transition metal ions. The impact of these two phenomena on the performances during cycling and after prolonged storage of accumulators is evaluated by modifying the cell configuration. The aim is to understand the mechanisms leading to the decrease in performances of the electrochemical cells. Storage of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/Li and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/Li4Ti5O12 accumulators confirms that there is no correlation between the ability of alkylcarbonate-based electrolytes to resist to their own oxidation at high potential and the decrease in cell electrochemical performances. This is mainly due to the transition metal ion dissolution from Li1-xNi0.4Mn1.6O4. The use of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/Li accumulators for storage tests is not suitable over a long period, owing to the reactivity of reducing lithium, particularly at high temperatures, hindering distinguishing differences between electrolytes. The use of the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/Li4Ti5O12 cells reveals that a temperature of 30°C with the EC/EMC electrolyte improves the cell performances after prolonged storage. However, the use of such cells induces Mn2+ and Ni2+ in larger amounts than in the LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4/Li cells, resulting in a minimal reversible capacity loss of 20% related to the total disappearance of the electrochemically active manganese (Mn+IV →Mn+III).