batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Sodium ion batteries are being highlighted as a promising energy storage system to resolve the critical issues associated with lithium ion battery usage due to a limited quantity of lithium resources on the earth. Although recent advances in sodium ion battery technology have been remarkable, the reversible capacities and cyclic performance of sodium ion batteries should be further advanced prior to their successful implementation. Herein, we demonstrate dual-textured Prussian blue nanocubes prepared via simple acid etching as a reliable sodium storage material. Taking advantage of their hybrid microstructure composed of porous and non-porous domains, dual-textured Prussian blue nanocubes exhibit high reversible capacities, good rate capabilities, and stable cyclic performance. Moreover, the nanocubes exhibit excellent dimensional stability even after 100 cycles, offering new opportunities for the development of robust and high-performance sodium rechargeable batteries.
Co-occurring musculoskeletal pain is common among people with persistent low back pain (LBP) and associated with more negative consequences than LBP alone. The distribution and prevalence of musculoskeletal pain co-occurring with persistent LBP has not been systematically described, which hence was the aim of this review.
We report on a novel, simple, and environmentally benign synthesis route for a free-standing reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) aerogel and its application as supporting electrode for the electrochemical redox reaction of sulphur in a catholyte-based lithium-sulphur battery. A mesoporous matrix is formed by a layers of r-GO, providing sites for electrochemical reactions and a highly conducting pathway for electrons. The highly porous structure is easily infiltrated by a catholyte solution providing a homogeneous distribution of the sulphur active material in the conductive graphene matrix and ensuring efficient electrochemical reactions. This is demonstrated by a high capacity, 3.4 mAh cm−2, at high mass loading, 3.2 mg cm−2 of sulphur in the cathode and in total the sulphur loading in the Li-S cell is even double (6.4 mg cm−2). Additionally, the presence of oxygen groups in the r-GO aerogel structure stabilizes the cycling performance and the Li-S cell with the fluorine free catholyte shows a capacity retention of 85% after 350 cycles.
Bus SA, Waaijman R, Nollet F. New monitoring technology to objectively assess adherence to prescribed footwear and assistive devices during ambulatory activity. Objective To assess the validity and feasibility of a new temperature-based adherence monitor to measure footwear use. Design Observational study. Setting University medical center and participants' homes. Participants Convenience sample of healthy subjects (n=11) and neuropathic diabetic patients at high risk for foot ulceration (n=14). Interventions In healthy subjects, the validity of the in-shoe attached adherence monitor was investigated by comparing its registrations of donning and doffing of footwear during 7 days to an accurately kept log registration. In diabetic patients, the feasibility of using the adherence monitor for 7 days in conjunction with a time-synchronized ankle-worn step activity monitor to register prescribed footwear use during walking was assessed. Furthermore, a usability questionnaire was completed. Main Outcome Measures For validity, the mean time difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) between moments of donning/doffing footwear recorded with the adherence monitor and in the log were calculated. For feasibility, technical performance, usability, and the percentage of steps that the footwear was worn (adherence) were assessed. Results The mean time difference between the adherence monitor and log recordings was 0.4 minutes (95% CI, 0.2–0.6min). One erroneous recording and 2 incomplete recordings were obtained in diabetic patients. Three patients reported discomfort with the step activity monitor, and 4 patients would not favor repeated testing. Patients used their footwear for between 9% and 99% of their walking steps. Conclusions The adherence monitor shows good validity in measuring when footwear is used or not, and is, together with instrumented monitoring of walking activity, a feasible and objective method to assess treatment adherence. This method can have wide application in clinical practice and research regarding prescribed footwear and other body-worn assistive devices.
All-solid-state sodium batteries with sulfide-based solid electrolytes are attracting attention as next-generation energy storage systems to replace Li-ion batteries, owing to their improved safety and the abundant sodium resources. Na3PS4-based materials, which have relatively high conductivities and favorable mechanical properties, make promising Na-ion solid electrolytes for realizing all-solid-state sodium batteries. However, it is essential to establish a further simple and effective protocol for manufacturing such solid electrolytes and composite electrodes. In this study, Na3-x PS4-x Cl x (x = 0, 0.0625) was prepared by a liquid-phase (suspension) process from Na2S, P2S5, and NaCl using 1,2-dimethoxyethane as a reaction media. Na3PS4 heated at 400 °C and Na2.9375PS3.9375Cl0.0625 heated at 480 °C exhibited Na-ion conductivities of 2.6 × 10−4 and 4.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C, respectively. A homogenous composite electrode was prepared with TiS2 active material and Na3PS4 solid electrolyte via the simple liquid-phase process, resulting in large contact areas between electrode and electrolyte particles. The electrode obtained by liquid-phase provided an all-solid-state cell with higher reversible capacity of 161 mAh g−1 than a conventional mechanically mixed electrode. Suspension syntheses of Na3-x PS4-x Cl x are useful for the simple production of solid electrolytes and are highly applicable to all-solid-state sodium batteries.
High demands to power performance, high cycle and calendar life as well can be met by NiMH batteries, making this battery system very suitable for HEV applications. The hydrogen storage alloy plays an important role with respect to power performance and life duration. Power performance and cycle life behaviour are related to each other by the electrochemical and mechanical properties of the alloy, via a more or less reciprocal relationship. In terms of power performance at medium-discharge rates, the charge transfer reaction at the hydrogen storage alloy interface was found to be crucial for the temperature-dependent behaviour of the cell, whereas at discharge rates above about 15C diffusion limitation was found especially at the negative electrode. The alloy corrosion is taking place in alkaline media, leading to the formation of surface films and a change of the chemical composition, especially in near surface regions of the alloy particles. Consecutive electrochemical cycles lead to mechanical stress and finally cracking of the alloy particles. Stability against corrosion and pulverisation on one hand and good electrochemical performance on the other hand both depend on the chemical composition of the alloy, its morphological properties and the cycling regime used.
Residential photovoltaic systems can reduce reliance on grid electricity, which may be desirable for numerous reasons. However, the economic viability of such systems is dependent on effective use of excess electricity generation, most often through net or bi-directional metering. With recent cost reductions in residential-scale lithium ion battery storage systems, these may be a practical alternative. In this work, we model the lifetime performance and economics of residential photovoltaics with lithium ion batteries across all 50 states in the U.S. We investigate in detail how photovoltaic size and battery capacity affect performance and cost metrics in California, Georgia, and Massachusetts. We find that with appropriate sizing, photovoltaic-battery systems can be more affordable than photovoltaics alone. We demonstrate that these systems may be competitive with grid prices when the federal investment tax credit and favorable financing terms are used, and we calculate the sell-back price required for bi-directional metering to reach cost parity with photovoltaic-battery systems in every state.
Red phosphorus (red-P) has been studied intensively due to its high theoretical capacity. However, it remains a challenge to achieve outstanding rate performance because of a large ion radius of Na+ and insulation of red-P. Herein, BaTiO3 (BTO) is used as functional additive to promote Na+ diffusion based on piezoelectric effect induced by volume expansion of red-P. Micro red-Phosphorus/BaTiO3/Graphene (red-P/BTO/G) composite is prepared via a ball-milling method. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity remains 823 mAh·g−1. The good performance of micro red-P/BTO/G composite is attributed to the enhanced diffusion kinetics brought by BTO, which makes the speed 110 times faster than red-P/G composite. Moreover, an increased diffusion rate has been acquired through polarization of BTO in high voltage electric field to get aligned polarization direction, with the speed 1.8 times of unpolarized red-P/BTO/G material. The mechanism how BTO promotes Na+ diffusion in discharge process is explained in detail.
Efficient stretchable and flexible energy devices are urgently required due to their promising application in wearable devices. Although flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have been developed in previous studies, no stretchable Zn-air batteries with large stretchability (> 20%) have been reported. We first present a planar rechargeable stretchable and flexible Zn-air battery array fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of 2 × 2 electrode arrays, a polymer gel electrolyte, serpentine-shaped copper circuits, and a rubber substrate. Vertical Co3O4 nanosheets were fabricated by a binder-free and simple manner and were grown in situ on carbon cloth as an integrated cathode. The Zn-air battery array displayed stable electrochemical behaviors, with a large tensile strain of 100%. Furthermore, the battery array could be discharged stably at 1V at a high current density of 2mAcm–2 under high-frequency dynamic stretching (~ 100% strain per second) and bending conditions. In addition, by redesigning the arrangement of the electrode array, the stretchable Zn-air battery array could be configured to provide a wide range of output voltages, specifically from 1 to 4V. The resulting Zn-air battery array was sewn onto cloth and applied to power a green light band (3.0V) with 60 light-emitting diodes (LEDs), proving the feasibility of its application in wearable energy-storage electronics.
Hydroentangling nonwoven process has been attempted to fabricate carding fiber web/meltblown/carding fiber web (CMC) composite nonwoven fabrics with the view to improve the chemical stability and long-term performance of nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery. Hydrophilic polypropylene (PP) meltblown nonwoven fabric was prepared by adding hydrophilic additives in PP melt. Then it was sandwiched into two layers of carding PP fiber web and bonded by hydroentangling process. The mechanical strength, pore size, electrolyte absorption and retention capacity, chemical stability, and electrolytic resistance were investigated in comparison with a commercial sulfonated post-treated separator. The cell performance of hydroentangled CMC composite nonwoven fabrics before and after electrolyte storage was tested by using a stacked Ni-MH battery. These results indicate that hydroentangled CMC composite nonwoven fabric is a kind of promising materials to replace the traditional wet-laid nonwoven fabric as Ni-MH battery separator with better long-term cell performance.
The increasing demand for electric vehicles and large-scale smart grids has aroused great interest in developing high energy density storage devices. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has attracted much attention owing to its high theoretical energy density and abundance, but many challenges such as rapid capacity fade and low sulfur loading and utilization have impeded its practical use. Here, we present a free-standing TiO2 nanowire/graphene hybrid membrane for Li/dissolved polysulfide batteries with high capacity and long cycling life. Graphene membrane with high electrical conductivity is used as a current collector to effectively reduce the internal resistance in the sulfur cathode and physically immobilize the dissolved lithium polysulfides. The TiO2 nanowires introduced into the graphene membrane offer a hierarchical composite structure, in which the TiO2 nanowires not only have strong chemical binding with the lithium polysulfides, but also show a strong catalytic effect for polysulfide reduction and oxidation, promoting a fast redox reaction kinetics with high capacity and low voltage polarization. This hybrid electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 1327mAhg−1 at 0.2C rate, a Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%, high-rate performance of 850mAhg−1 at 2C rate, and long cyclic stability with a capacity of 1053mAhg−1 at 0.2C rate over 200 cycles, demonstrating great prospect for application in high energy Li–S batteries.
The generation of functional human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) from stem cells provides an unprecedented source for cell-based therapy in vitiligo. Despite the important efforts exerted to obtain melanin-producing cells from stem cells, pre-clinical results still lack the safety and scalability characteristics essential for their translational application.
Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) containing 19.6 wt% hydrogen has been considered as a promising candidate for on-board hydrogen storage applications on the way to the ideal “hydrogen economy”. Whereas, how to control the energy of the hydrogen releasing and recycling of AB efficiently is the present challenge for its wide use. In this mini review, we highlight the preparation, dehydrogenation and regeneration of AB and briefly discuss the current developments, problems and feasible solutions in AB hydrogen storage chemistry.
We demonstrate a simple method for enhancing the electrochemical performance of air electrodes of Li–air batteries using a polydopamine coating on the surface of carbon. A thin polydopamine layer on Ketjen black carbon clearly modified the surface properties of the air electrode, in turn resulting in improved electrolyte filling. The coating also passivates surface carbon defects, which may be helpful in suppressing parasitic reactions during cycling. Electrochemical tests of the electrode indicate that the introduction of the polydopamine layer is beneficial in that it increases the capacity, lowers the overpotential, and improves the cyclic performance of Li–air cells. These effects may be associated with the increased active catalytic area of the electrode, mostly resulting from the improved wetting characteristics. The suppression of parasitic reactions due to the passivation of carbon defects also contributes to the enhanced cyclic performance of the polydopamine-treated electrode.
Sulfone–ester mixed solvent electrolytes were examined for 5V-class high-voltage rechargeable lithium cells. As the base-electrolyte, sulfolane (SL)–ethyl acetate (EA) (1:1 mixing volume ratio) containing 1M LiBF4 solute was investigated. Electrolyte conductivity, electrochemical stability, Li+ ion solvation behavior and cycleability of lithium electrode were evaluated. 13C NMR measurement results suggest that Li+ ions are solvated with both SL and EA. Charge–discharge cycling efficiency of lithium anode in SL–EA electrolytes was poor, being due to its poor tolerance for reduction. To improve lithium charge–discharge cycling efficiency in SL–EA electrolytes, following three trials were carried out: (i) improvement of the cathodic stability of electrolyte solutions by change in polarization through modification of solvent structure; isopropyl methyl sulfone and methyl isobutyrate were investigated as alternative SL and EA, respectively, (ii) suppression of the reaction between lithium and electrolyte solutions by addition of low reactivity surfactants of cycloalkanes (decalin and adamantane) or triethylene glycol derivatives (triglyme, 1,8-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane and triethylene glycol di(methanesulfonate)) into SL–EA electrolytes, and (iii) change in surface film by addition of surface film formation agent of vinylene carbonate (VC) into SL–EA electrolytes. These trials made lithium cycling behavior better. Lithium cycling efficiency tended to increase with a decrease in overpotential. VC addition was most effective for improvement of lithium cycling efficiency among these additives. Stable surface film is formed on lithium anode by adding VC and the resistance between anode/electrolyte interfaces showed a constant value with an increase in cycle number. When the electrolyte solutions without VC, the interfacial resistance increased with an increase in cycle number. VC addition to SL–EA was effective not only for Li/LiCoO2 cell with charge cut-off voltage of 4.5V but also for Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells even with high charge cut-off voltage of 5V in Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells.
A simple preparation of N-doped graphene/Li4Ti5O12–TiN (NG/LTO-TiN) from the polyethyleneimine-graphene oxide/Li4Ti5O12 (PEI-GO/LTO) is achieved through a solvothermal reaction in the presence of diethylenetriamine (DETA). The solvothermal reaction converts PEI-GO/LTO into corresponding NG/LTO-TiO2, which could be simultaneously converted into NG/LTO-TiN via reacting with DETA as an N source. It is proposed that the electrically conductive titanium nitride (TiN) is formed at the interface between the surfaces of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and nitrogen doped graphene (NG). When used as an anode material for lithium ion battery (LIB), the NG/LTO-TiN exhibited superior rate capability in comparison to LTO, reduced GO/Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 (RGO/LTO-TiO2) and NG/LTO-TiO2 nanocomposites, with excellent cyclic stability up to 100 cycles. Moreover, the ionic diffusion coefficient is 3.6 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 for NG/LTO-TiN-94.3%, which is a higher value than that of the LTO (8.85 × 10−13 cm2 s−1), RGO/LTO-TiO2-93.5% (1.48 × 10−12 cm2 s−1), and NG/LTO-TiO2-94.2% (2.51 × 10−12 cm2 s−1) nanocomposites studied.
A passive micro direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) for reducing volume and parasitic power is designed and fabricated using several integrated technologies. New bipolar plates with tapered channels at the anode and a pillar array at the cathode are first applied to a passive micro-DMFC. The substrate of the bipolar plates made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is hot embossed with two molds, fabricated by UV-LIGA and micro machining. To make the bipolar plates conductive and hydrophilic, a nickel layer is electroplated on the ABS plates, and three PDDA/PSS bi-layers are self-assembled onto the nickel layer. The bipolar plates are produced using hot embossing, a low cost, highly accurate batch process. A single cell is assembled to verify the self-pumping function, and it can generate a peak power density of 7.4mWcm−2 with a 3M methanol solution. The fuel cell is verified to work in three different orientations. When the fuel cell is placed horizontally, the self-pumping rate is about 0.1–0.15mLh−1. And the fuel cell can work through self-pumping for 5h under this condition.
About 90% of the people in the world carry a latent virus known to cause cancer. On the fiftieth anniversary of its discovery, researchers are considering joining up their experimental treatments against these malignancies. David Holmes reports.
Hybrid electrolytes aimed at application in sodium-ion batteries (SIB) consisting of an organic solvent mixture (EC:PC) and different ionic liquids (ILs); EMImTFSI, BMImTFSI, and Pyr13TFSI, and with the NaTFSI salt providing the Na+ charge carriers have here been extensively studied. The physico-chemical and electrochemical characterisation includes ionic conductivity, viscosity, density, cation coordination and solvation, various safety measures, and electrochemical stability window (ESW). Hybrid electrolytes with 10–50% of IL content were found to have ionic conductivities on par with comparable organic solvent based electrolytes, but with highly enhanced safety properties. A systematic Raman spectroscopy study of the cation coordination and solvation before and after electrolyte safety tests by ignition suggest that IL cations and TFSI remain stable when ignited while organic solvents are consumed. Finally, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed when using hybrid electrolytes has both better mechanical and electrochemical stability than the SEI derived from pure IL based electrolytes. For a half-cell with a hard carbon (HC) electrode and a hybrid electrolyte with a composition of 0.8 m NaTFSI in EC0.45:PC0.45:Pyr13TFSI0.10 encouraging results were obtained for IL based electrolytes – ca. 182 mAhg−1 at C/10 over 40 cycles.
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
Based on the fact that PV systems are clean, environment friendly and secure energy sources, PV system installation has played an important role worldwide. However, the drawback of PV system is the high capital cost as compared to conventional energy sources. Currently, many research works are carried out focusing on optimization of PV systems so that the number of PV modules, capacity of storage battery, capacity of inverter, wind turbine capacity as well as diesel generator size optimally selected. In this paper, the current status of research on PV systems size optimization is reviewed taking into account standalone PV systems, hybrid PV/diesel generator systems, hybrid PV/wind systems, hybrid PV/wind/diesel generator systems as well as grid connected systems. In addition, size optimization techniques for the inverter in PV systems are reviewed. The outcome of this paper shows that the optimization of PV system is strongly depends on meteorological variables such as solar energy, ambient temperature and wind speed. Furthermore, the numerical methods are the mostly used methods. Meanwhile the artificial intelligence techniques have been employed recently to improve the process of PV system size optimization.