batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The objective of this paper is to present a mechanism to determine the two-way energy storage capacity of a large pool of electric vehicles (EV) which can be contracted in ancillary services market on a long-term basis to provide the regulation up (RU) and regulation down (RD) to the grid. The proposed mechanism uses a scheme which delivers the schedule of power supplied to or drawn from the grid by treating the mobility attributes dependent electrical parameters. Two operational places, the workplace, and the home were identified as per driving pattern of customers for the provision of regulation ancillary service. An illustrative model considering a fleet of representative battery electric vehicle (BEV) is presented based on the mechanism, to obtain the minute-wise storage capacity that can be contracted in the market to provide frequency regulation to the grid. Results demonstrate that two major mobility traits namely, driven distance and arrival pattern, as well as the charging and discharging power standards directly influences the regulation schedule. Further, it has been realized that even though the charging cost is associated with energy consumption, the regulation provision will yield a notable revenue stream on a long-term capacity commitment basis. This supplements the concept of EVs participation in power markets by virtue of their high ramp up ramp down speed capabilities.
Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) particularly photovoltaic (PV) and wind are becoming important sources for power generation. Frequently varying output of PV and wind caused by clouds movement, weather condition and wind speed make them an intermittent and unreliable sources when connected to grid. Connecting intermittent sources to grid introduces challenges in various technical aspects such as power quality, protection, generation dispatch control and reliability. In this context, leveling intermittent source׳s output is necessary inorder to maintain grid׳s stability. This paper is aimed at bringing out the latest comprehensive literature review on problems associated when the intermittent PV is connected to grid and the methods of smoothing the output power fluctuation from PV. This paper also briefly discusses control strategy built for battery energy storage pertaining to this issue.
This paper introduces an underwater docking procedure for the test-bed autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platform called ISiMI using one charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The AUV is optically guided by lights mounted around the entrance of a docking station and a vision system consisting of a CCD camera and a frame grabber in the AUV. This paper presents an image processing procedure to identify the dock by discriminating between light images, and proposes a final approach algorithm based on the vision guidance. A signal processing technique to remove noise on the defused grabbed light images is introduced, and a two-stage final approach for stable docking at the terminal instant is suggested. A vision-guidance controller was designed with conventional PID controllers for the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the vision-guided docking system of the AUV.
A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy harvester that converts small scale mechanical motions into electrical energy by a combination of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction through the periodic contact-separation and/or sliding movement between two tribo-materials with different abilities of gaining or losing electrical charges. This new approach to harvest mechanical energy can produce high power outputs capable of supplying equipment and sensors deployed in remote offshore locations and of supporting offshore activities whilst being able to be used in conjunction with traditional energy harvesting technologies. This review describes the fundamentals of TENGs and the existing energy harvesting modes, with focus on those more suitable for marine applications. Moreover, the equipment and offshore activities whose energy needs can be satisfied by TENGs are described and implementation schemes presented. We conclude that TENGs have high potential for numerous maritime applications, ranging from the demand of electronics used for metocean monitoring, signalling and surveillance, to activities such as offshore aquaculture or oil and gas exploration. The advantages of such systems as an alternative to currently existing solutions are also discussed, along with insights concerning applications that can take advantage of their high efficiency harvesting low amplitude and low frequency wave energy.
In the present study, graphene nanosheets are synthesized using sunlight irradiation focussed onto graphite oxide. The morphological characteristics of graphene are examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used for the structural characterization of the sample. The electrochemical performance is evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge-discharge characteristics and impedance spectroscopy. A high specific capacitance value of 223Fg−1 is obtained using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical detection of H2O2, a common biological species using solar graphene is demonstrated. The impedance spectroscopy and CV are used to study the electrocatalytic activity of the material. High sensitivity of 64.79μAmM−1 cm−2 is reported.
Silicon (Si), associated with its natural abundance, low discharge voltage vs. Li/Li+, and extremely high theoretical capacity (~4200mAhg−1,), has been extensively explored as anode for lithium ion battery. One of the key challenges for using Si as anode is the large volume change upon lithiation and delithiation, which causes a fast capacity fading. Over the last few years, dramatic progress has been made for addressing this issue. In this paper, we review the progress towards tailoring of Si as anode for lithium ion battery. The paper is organized such that it covers the fundamentals, the promises offered by nanoscale designs, and the challenges that remained to be addressed to allow the application of Si based materials as high capacity anode for lithium ion batteries.
The degradation rate of lignocellulose and methane (CH4) content must be improved through anaerobic fermentation process engineering in order to promote the proper operation of anaerobic organic waste removal without secondary pollution and low cost. The present study investigates mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of dairy manure (DM) under weak magnetic and low operation voltage (0.3–0.8 V). The results showed that the effect of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) can significantly enhance the fermentation, and improve the CH4 content of biogas and accelerate the degradation rate of lignocellulose. Fe-C microelectrolysis intensified the anaerobic fermentation of DM, the highest CH4 content was 87%, the cellulose degradation rate was 36%, increased by 125%, and the lignin degradation rate was 23%, increased by 203%, under loading 0.5 V voltage and weak magnetic field. Metagenome sequence results showed that EMF and Fe-C microelectrolysis can not only promote the microbial diversity, but also increase the abundance of functional microorganisms at various stages. This finding provides theoretical support and foundation for the extraordinary efficiency degradation of lignocellulose and the electric and magnetic regulation of anaerobic fermentation microorganism system.
KEYWORDS Indoor positioning, Bluetooth, Propagation loss, Compensation, Attenuation by human body
The performance of a flexible, thin-film, zinc-air battery can be improved significantly if using a sodium silicate as a novel inorganic binder pigment for the anode components. Formulations consisting of zinc and carbon in sodium silicate are applied onto various substrates (glass or indium tin oxide) by casting and printing methods. Film properties such as mechanical stability, surface resistivity, surface conductivity, surface morphology, thickness and the metal content were correlated to the composition of the films. Prototype batteries were prepared by connecting those anodes to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based air cathode and the electrochemical conversion efficiencies were determined in 1mol/dm3 sodium chloride and basic 8mol/dm3 lithium chloride (pH=11) electrolyte solutions. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy examinations were applied to study the conversion process. The results show that silicate binders perform better than polycarbonate binders, and using highly concentrated lithium chloride electrolyte further enhances performance compared to sodium chloride. Electrochemical conversion efficiencies of over 90% are achieved when related to the applied metal. Since no organic solvents are needed, the aqueous, silicate-based binder has potential as and environmentally friendly formulation for printed zinc-air batteries.
Electrocatalysts with high activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential and desired for metal-air batteries, fuel cells, water-splitting and CO2 reduction. Here, a series of Co-CoxO/N-doped Carbon (NC) is developed as bifunctional electrocatalysts via the pyrolysis of a simple physical mixture of cobalt-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and carbon black (CB). The obtained electrocatalysts exhibit considerably enhanced bifunctional activity as compared to the pure MOF derived counterpart. The essential roles of added CB in boosting the bifunctional activity are investigated. With the addition of CB, the surface concentrations of active pyridinic-N and graphitic-N for ORR and the surface CoIII/CoII ratios for OER are increased. Furthermore, the charge transfer efficiency and the electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs) are also enhanced for the resulting electrocatalyst. The optimized Co-CoO-Co3O4/NC exhibits excellent bifunctional activity and durability, surpassing the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C (for ORR) and IrO2 (for OER). When applied in an air electrode, the corresponding Zn-air battery with Co-CoO-Co3O4/NC presents the better performance than that with 20 wt% Pt/C.
The leaves of Acanthus ebracteatus, stembark of Oroxylum indicum and the stems of Cryptolepis buchanani and Derris scandens are used as traditional remedies in Thailand for arthritis. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were tested using three different in vitro systems for effects relevant to anti-inflammatory activity. The aqueous extracts of O. indicum and D. scandens significantly reduced myeloperoxide release. Eicosanoid production was reduced only by the aqueous extracts of A. ebracteatus and D. scandens. D. scandens extract showed potent inhibitory activity against generation of leukotriene B4 and also displayed antioxidant activity. In the rat hind paw edema test, D. scandens extract showed significant activity when given intraperitoneally but did not produce a significant reduction when given orally. The results therefore supported to some extent the traditional use of D. scandens for arthritic conditions and provided slight indication of activity which could explain the use of O. indicum and A. ebracteatus. No relevant activity was demonstrated in any of the tests for C. buchanani extracts.
Cathodes for thermally activated (“thermal”) batteries based on CoS2 and LiCl–LiBr–LiF electrolyte and FeS2 (pyrite) and LiCl–KCl eutectic were prepared by thermal spraying catholyte mixtures onto graphite–paper substrates. Composite separator-cathode deposits were also prepared in the same manner by sequential thermal spraying of LiCl–KCl-based separator material onto a pyrite-cathode substrate. These materials were then tested in single cells over a temperature range of 400–600°C and in 5-cell and 15-cell batteries. A limited number of battery tests were conducted with the separator-cathode composites and plasma-sprayed Li(Si) anodes—the first report of an all-plasma-sprayed thermal battery. Thermal-spraying offers distinct advantages over conventional pressed-powder parts for fabrication of thin electrodes for short-life thermal batteries. The plasma-sprayed electrodes have lower impedances than the corresponding pressed-powder parts due to improved particle–particle contact.
Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has demonstrated substantial benefits. Treatment guidelines have therefore endorsed its use and is being increasingly adopted in the clinical setting, but the level of satisfaction they convey remains still unknown. We developed and validated a questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with remote monitoring using Medtronic CareLink® Network and assessed its internal reliability and dimensional validity.
Brazil's wind power potential is impressive. The incentive policies that have being implemented in the country, since the last decade, promoted the implementation of some projects, mainly through the Alternative Energy Sources Incentive Program (PROINFA), which started in 2002. After the first phase of PROINFA, the wind power sector in Brazil is still waiting for a new long-term program. By applying a GIS model to the available wind database, this paper evaluates three long-term incentive programs to wind power in Brazil, according to specific targets and criterion. The first target was to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from the electricity generation, through the replacement of fossil fuels fired-thermal plants. In this case, an incentive program based on quotes and permits would install a wind capacity hovering between 18.7 and 28.9GW. For the target of optimizing the operation of Brazil's hydropower reservoirs, a program based on feed-in tariffs would result in the installed capacity of 15.5–65.4GW, depending on the criterion for selecting the projects. Finally, considering only the target of fostering a domestic wind technology industry, the installed capacity would vary between 29.1 and 217.1, depending on the criterion for selecting the projects.
Sahelian developing countries depend heavily on oil-import for the supply of their increasing energy demand. This setup leads to an imbalance in the balance of payment, an increase of debt and budget asphyxia, whereas renewable resources are widely and abundantly available. The objective of this paper is to carry out a feasibility analysis of off-grid stand-alone renewable technology generation system for some remote rural areas in one Sahelian country. A survey conducted in 2006, within the framework of microgrids project, in rural areas located in three different regions in Senegal (Thies, Kaolack and Fatick) permits determination of demand estimations. Two reference technologies are chosen, namely a solar photovoltaic (PV) system of 130 Wc for solar endowment and a wind turbine of 150 W for wind speed. Taking into account the life-cycle-cost and the environmental externalities costs, our results show that the levelized electricity costs of PV technology are lower than the cost of energy from the grid extension for all these three regions. Thus, decentralized PV technologies are cost-competitive in comparison to a grid extension for these remote rural areas. For wind technology viabilities results are attained with a requirement demand lower than 7. 47 KWh/year for Thies and 7.884 KWh/year for the two remaining areas, namely Kaolack and Fatick. The additional advantage of the proposed methodology is that it allows the environmental valuation of energy generated from non-renewable resource.
Tin oxide (SnO2)/graphene nanosheets (GNS) composite was prepared by a simple chemical-solution method as the catalyst support for direct ethanol fuel cells. Then the SnO2-GNS composites supporting Pd (Pd/SnO2-GNS) catalysts were synthesized by a microwave-assisted reduction process. The Pd/SnO2-GNS catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The electrocatalytic performances of Pd/SnO2-GNS catalysts for ethanol oxidation were studied by cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric measurements. It was found that compared with Pd/GNS, the Pd/SnO2-GNS catalyst showed superior electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation when the mass ratio of SnCl2·2H2O precursor salt to graphite oxide was about 1:2.
An Al2O3 inorganic separator is prepared by a double sintering process. The Al2O3 separator has a high porosity and good mechanical strength. After the liquid electrolyte is infiltrated, the separator exhibits quite high ionic conductivities, and even the conductivity reaches 0.78mScm−1 at −20°C. Furthermore, the inorganic separator has an advantage over the polymer separator in the electrolyte retention. The LiFePO4/graphite cell using the Al2O3 inorganic separator shows higher discharge capacity and rate capability, and better low-temperature performance than that using the commercial polymer separator, which indicates that the Al2O3 separator is very promising to be applied in the lithium-ion batteries.
Substrate-induced coagulation (SIC) is a coating process based on self-assembly for coating different surfaces with fine particulate materials. The particles are dispersed in a suitable solvent and the stability of the dispersion is adjusted by additives. When a surface, pre-treated with a flocculant e.g. a polyelectrolyte, is dipped into the dispersion, it induces coagulation resulting in the deposition of the particles on the surface. A non-aqueous SIC process for carbon coating is presented, which can be performed in polar, aprotic solvents such as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) is used to condition the surface of substrates such as mica, copper-foil, silicon-wafers and lithiumcobalt oxide powder, a cathode material used for Li-ion batteries. The subsequent SIC carbon coating produces uniform layers on the substrates and causes the conductivity of lithiumcobalt oxide to increase drastically, while retaining a high percentage of active battery material.
Electrogenesis in the heart begins in the sinoatrial node and proceeds down the conduction system to originate the heartbeat. Conduction system disorders lead to slow heart rates that are insufficient to support the circulation, necessitating implantation of electronic pacemakers. The typical electronic pacemaker consists of a subcutaneous generator and battery module attached to one or more endocardial leads. New leadless pacemakers can be implanted directly into the right ventricular apex, providing single-chamber pacing without a subcutaneous generator. Modern pacemakers are generally reliable, and their programmability provides options for different pacing modes tailored to specific clinical needs. Advances in device technology will probably include alternative energy sources and dual-chamber leadless pacing in the not-too-distant future. Although effective, current electronic devices have limitations related to lead or generator malfunction, lack of autonomic responsiveness, undesirable interactions with strong magnetic fields, and device-related infections. Biological pacemakers, generated by somatic gene transfer, cell fusion, or cell transplantation, provide an alternative to electronic devices. Somatic reprogramming strategies, which involve transfer of genes encoding transcription factors to transform working myocardium into a surrogate sinoatrial node, are furthest along in the translational pipeline. Even as electronic pacemakers become smaller and less invasive, biological pacemakers might expand the therapeutic armamentarium for conduction system disorders.
The electrochemical performance of NaCrO2 as a positive electrode material for an intermediate-temperature sodium secondary battery was evaluated in an inorganic ionic liquid, NaFSA–KFSA (FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide), at 363 K. The positive electrode using NaCrO2, acetylene black, and polytetrafluoroethylene exhibited a stable discharge capacity of 113 mA h g−1 at a current density of 125 mA g−1. The Coulombic efficiency and the capacity retention at the 100th cycle were 99.6% and 98.5%, respectively. Even at the very high current density of 2000 mA g−1, the discharge capacity was maintained at 63 mA h g−1. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the deintercalation of Na+ ion from NaCrO2 was associated with several phase transitions in the following sequence: rhombohedral O3, monoclinic O′3, and monoclinic P′3.
The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was introduced in Madagascar in 2007. Information was collected by Healthcare structures (HS) on paper forms and transferred to the central level by post or email. Completeness of data reporting was around 20% in 2009–10. From 2011, in two southern regions data were transmitted through short messages service using one telephone provider. We evaluated the system in 2014–15 to determine its performance before changing or expanding it.
Alkali metal electrodes paired with solid electrolyte separators show great promise in improving the energy density, safety and cost of batteries. Now, a deeper understanding of the effect of metal mechanical properties on a key failure mode creates opportunities for improved cycling performance.
Polyamide imide (PAI), one of the classes of copolyimides containing both high mechanical properties and processibility, is used as a polymeric binder of a Si particulate electrode. The initial coulombic efficiency is improved from 28.9% (Si-PVdF) to 74.9% (Si-PAI) by introducing a PAI binder into a Si-based electrode. Variations in thickness measured at various states of charge (SOCs) and depths of discharge (DODs) indicate that the PAI binder is a much more effective restraint on volume expansion in active Si materials during the charging process than poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) binder. The discharge capacity of Si-PAI electrodes is approximately 1700mAhg−1 after 20 cycles, which is attributed to the excellent maintenance of an electrical-conducting network during cycling.
Apoptotic-cell clearance is dependent on several macrophage surface molecules, including CD14. Phosphatidylserine (PS) becomes externalised during apoptosis and participates in the clearance process through its ability to bind to a novel receptor, PS-R. CD14 has the proven ability to bind phospholipids and may function as an alternative receptor for the externalised PS of apoptotic cells. Here we demonstrate that CD14 does not function preferentially as a PS receptor in apoptotic-cell clearance. Compared with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, PS was the least active phospholipid binding to human monocyte-derived macrophages and showed no specificity for soluble or membrane-anchored CD14. Significantly, PS-containing liposomes failed to inhibit CD14-dependent uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages. PS exposure was, however, found to be insufficient for either CD14-dependent or CD14-independent apoptotic-cell uptake by phagocytes. The additional features that enable apoptotic-cell clearance are derived from mechanisms that can be divorced temporally from those responsible for the morphological features of apoptosis.