batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The need to reduce energy consumption and electricity expense is the primary driving force behind generating renewable energy for the operation and maintenance of road tunnels. Existing kinetic energy harvesting solutions, such as piezoelectric or mechanical energy harvesting systems, failed to meet the relatively high power demand of road tunnels. Traditional piezoelectric methods only supply micro-electromechanical systems. Their low voltage leads piezoelectric methods to not be applicable in realistic facilities. Due to the transmission loss of energy in a mechanical motion rectifier, mechanical schemes also fail to promote the practical application of renewable kinetic energy harvesting. In this paper, we present a novel high-voltage kinetic energy harvesting system that is installed at the entrance and exit of a road tunnel. It harvests power wasted by vehicles passing over the harvester. The proposed system consists of four main steps: a speed bump and suspension, generator and power storage modules. Acting as the energy input, the speed bump module harvests kinetic energy created by running vehicles. The suspension module resets the speed bump by driving it upwards after vehicles depart from it. Meanwhile, the generator module generates electricity from the kinetic energy collected by the speed bump module. The power storage module rectifies the current and then stores the electrical energy in batteries. The high voltage obtained in the simulation and field tests is a proof that the retrofit mechanism of the energy harvesting system is beneficial and practical in generating energy for use in renewable road tunnels.
Cost-optimal electricity system configurations with increasing renewable energy penetration were determined in this article for six islands of different geographies, sizes and contexts, utilizing photovoltaic energy, wind energy, pumped hydro storage and battery storage. The results of the optimizations showed strong reasoning for islands to invest in renewable energy technologies (particularly wind energy), as compared to conventional power generation. Levelized cost of systems for electricity generation decrease considerably with increasing renewable energy penetrations, to an optimal point in the range of 40–80% penetration. Furthermore, renewable electricity integration in the order of 60–90% could still be achieved with no added cost from the initial situation. Cost increases after these optimal points are attributed to the growing inclusion of storage, required to meet the higher renewable energy shares. However, with battery costs forecast to fall in the coming years, and a cost reduction of 50–70% already causing lithium-ion batteries to overtake pumped hydro as a cost-favorable storage option in this model, there is a real case for islands to begin their transition in a staged process; first installing wind and PV generation, and then - as storage costs decrease and their renewable energy capacities increase - investing in storage options.
Transition metal vanadate material has attracted many battery researchers due to its layered type structure enabling facilitated lithium ion insertion/extraction and ability of vanadium to exist in multiple valence states. Cobalt vanadates have been receiving much research attention as superior anode candidates for use in lithium ion batteries with high specific capacity. Here, synthesis of 1-D nanofibers comprised of cobalt vanadate nanocrystals via electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment in air atmosphere is reported. Heat treatment at various temperatures yielded Co3V2O8 nanocrystals-embedded nanofibers with low and high carbon contents, and carbon-free hollow Co3V2O8 nanofiber and their electrochemical properties were analyzed in detail. The discharge capacity of Co3V2O8 nanocrystals-embedded nanofiber with high carbon content, that with low carbon content, and carbon-free hollow Co3V2O8 nanofiber after 1200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 were 541, 735, and 302 mA h g−1, respectively. Co3V2O8 crystals-embedded nanofiber with low carbon content showed the best rate performance; 422 mA h g−1 was achieved at a high current density of 10 A g−1.
A number of review or survey articles have previously appeared on human action recognition where either vision sensors or inertial sensors are used individually. Considering that each sensor modality has its own limitations, in a number of previously published papers, it has been shown that the fusion of vision and inertial sensor data improves the accuracy of recognition. This survey article provides an overview of the recent investigations where both vision and inertial sensors are used together and simultaneously to perform human action recognition more effectively. The thrust of this survey is on the utilization of depth cameras and inertial sensors as these two types of sensors are cost-effective, commercially available, and more significantly they both provide 3D human action data. An overview of the components necessary to achieve fusion of data from depth and inertial sensors is provided. In addition, a review of the publicly available datasets that include depth and inertial data which are simultaneously captured via depth and inertial sensors is presented.
Thermal management needs to be carefully considered in the lithium-ion battery module design to guarantee the temperature of batteries in operation within a narrow optimal range. This article firstly explores the thermal performance of battery module under different cell arrangement structures, which includes: 1×24, 3×8 and 5×5 arrays rectangular arrangement, 19 cells hexagonal arrangement and 28 cells circular arrangement. In addition, air-cooling strategies are also investigated by installing the fans in the different locations of the battery module to improve the temperature uniformity. Factors that influence the cooling capability of forced air cooling are discussed based on the simulations. The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and lumped model of single cell have been applied in the simulation. The temperature distributions of batteries are quantitatively described based on different module patterns, fan locations as well as inter-cell distance, and the conclusions are arrived as follows: when the fan locates on top of the module, the best cooling performance is achieved; the most desired structure with forced air cooling is cubic arrangement concerning the cooling effect and cost, while hexagonal structure is optimal when focus on the space utilization of battery module. Besides, the optimized inter-cell distance in battery module structure has been recommended.
This manuscript presents the work carried out within the European project ILLIBATT, which was dedicated to the development of green, safe and high performance ionic liquids-based lithium batteries. Different types of ionic liquids-based electrolytes were developed in the project, based on different ionic liquids and polymers. Using these electrolytes, the performance of several anodic and cathodic materials has been tested and promising results have been obtained. Also, electrodes were formulated using water soluble binders. Using these innovative components, lithium-ion and lithium-metal battery prototypes (0.7–0.8Ah) have been assembled and cycled between 100% and 0% SOC. The results of these tests showed that such ionic liquids-based prototypes are able to display high capacity, high coulombic efficiency and high cycle life. Moreover, safety tests showed that the introduction of these alternative electrolytes positively contribute to the safety of the batteries.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional stage between normal aging and a diagnosis of clinically probable Alzheimer disease (AD). The role of the cholinergic system in MCI is not clearly defined and needs to be further investigated. A transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), may give direct information about the function of some cholinergic pathways in the human motor cortex. We aimed to evaluate in the present study the relationship of SAI to the specific clinical subtypes of MCI. SAI was examined in 20 patients with amnestic MCI (10 SD, 10 MD), twenty patients with nonamnestic MCI (10 SD, 10 MD) and ten control subjects. Motor threshold, central motor conduction time, intracortical inhibition and facilitation to paired-TMS were also evaluated. Mean SAI was significantly reduced in amnestic MCI-MD patients when compared with the controls, while it was not significantly different in amnestic MCI-SD patients and in nonamnestic patients. SAI was increased after administration of a single dose of donepezil in a subgroup of four amnestic MCI-MD patients. The other TMS parameters did not differ significantly between the four MCI groups and the control group. We demonstrated that this putative marker of central cholinergic activity differs among MCI subtypes. The amnestic-MD type of MCI might be a phenotype of incipient AD. However, this hypothesis would be better addressed in a longitudinal study of individual patients. TMS studies may be useful in identifying MCI individuals in whom cholinergic degeneration is occurred and therefore at increased risk of conversion to AD.
Real-time and accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries is a critical issue for efficient monitoring, control and utilization of advanced battery management systems (BMS) in electric vehicles (EVs). The electrochemical mechanism model can accurately describe the spatially distributed behavior of the internal states of the battery, but the model is complex and computationally huge, which is difficult to simulation in vehicle BMS. To solve these problems, it is necessary to simplify the battery mechanism model and study the model-based SoC estimation approaches. In this paper, two order-reduced models including an average-electrode model (AEM) and a single particle model (SPM) are first proposed. Additionally, the reduced-models combined with algorithms, including an extended Kalman filter (EKF), a sliding-mode observer (SMO) with a uniform reaching law (URL) and an SMO with an exponential reaching law (ERL), are employed to design battery SoC observers. To achieve an optimal trade-off between the tracking accuracy and convergence ability, the performances of these approaches are compared under an Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) test. The comparison results indicate that the SPM-EKF approach can obtain a reliable battery voltage response and a more accurate SoC estimation than other approaches.
Lithium-rich layered oxide is a promising cathode material for high-energy density lithium ion batteries. Generally, it is essential to develop high-voltage electrolyte because electrolyte is one of the key factors that determines the capacity of cathode materials. In this work, lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiODFB) is introduced as a novel lithium-salt for lithium-rich cathodes. The investigation reveals that the LiODFB modifies the surface film and forms a uniform and electrochemical stable cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) on the lithium-rich cathode. The LiODFB-derived CEI layer effectively suppresses severe electrolyte decomposition at high voltages and hinders undesirable phase transformation from layered to spinel-like phases during cycling. Furthermore, the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2/Li cell with the LiODFB-based electrolyte exhibits high capacity retention of 91.73% after 50 cycles and better rate capability of 195 mAh g−1 at 2 C. The unique function of the LiODFB on the surface chemistry of lithium-rich cathodes is confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses.
Schizophrenia is associated with significant impairments in social cognition. These impairments have been shown to go along with altered activation of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). However, studies that investigate connectivity of pSTS during social cognition in schizophrenia are sparse. Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 22 matched healthy controls completed a social-cognitive task for functional magnetic resonance imaging that allows the investigation of affective Theory of Mind (ToM), emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions. Moreover, a resting-state measurement was taken. Patients with schizophrenia performed worse in the social-cognitive task (main effect of group). In addition, a group by social-cognitive processing interaction was revealed for activity, as well as for connectivity during the social-cognitive task, i.e., patients with schizophrenia showed hyperactivity of right pSTS during neutral face processing, but hypoactivity during emotion recognition and affective ToM. In addition, hypoconnectivity between right and left pSTS was revealed for affective ToM, but not for neutral face processing or emotion recognition. No group differences in connectivity from right to left pSTS occurred during resting state. This pattern of aberrant activity and connectivity of the right pSTS during social cognition might form the basis of false-positive perceptions of emotions and intentions and could contribute to the emergence and sustainment of delusions.
This paper explores the potential for ethanol production and fuel substitution in Nepal based on established sugarcane production, installed capacity for sugar and ethanol production, economic opportunities for the national economy, and potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At present conditions, 18,045m3 ethanol can be annually produced in Nepal without compromising the production of food products from sugar cane such as sugar, chaku and shakhar. The effects for the country can be manifold. As much as 14% of gasoline import reduction, and annual savings of US$ 10 million could be achieved through the introduction of the E20. The activity can provide an incentive for improved yields in sugarcane production, and help develop the industrial sector. This, in turn, will have a positive effect in terms of job and income generation in the rural areas where 85% of the population live. Improvement of agricultural practices for sugarcane could also have an indirect and positive effect on improving other agriculture activities. Furthermore, the use of ethanol in the transport sector will have a positive environmental effect while reducing CO2 emissions and combating pollution in the Kathmandu Valley. Finally, the substitution of ethanol in transport will imply lower imports of oil products and less draining of resources from the Nepalese economy.
This article presents an overview of the different processes of data recollection and the analysis that took place during and after the emergency caused by the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule earthquake in central-south Chile. The article is not an exhaustive recollection of all of the processes and methodologies used; it rather points out some of the critical processes that took place with special emphasis in the earthquake characterization and building data. Although there are strong similarities in all of the different data recollection processes after the earthquake, the evidence shows that a rather disaggregate approach was used by the different stakeholders. Moreover, no common standards were implemented or used, and the resulting granularity and accuracy of the data was not comparable even for similar structures, which sometimes led to inadequate decisions. More centralized efforts were observed in resolving the emergency situations and getting the country back to normal operation, but the reconstruction process took different independent routes depending on several external factors and attitudes of individuals and communities. Several conclusions are presented that are lessons derived from this experience in dealing with a large amount of earthquake data. The most important being the true and immediate necessity of making all critical earthquake information available to anyone who seeks to study such data for a better understanding of the earthquake and its consequences. By looking at the information provided by all these data, we aim to finally improve seismic codes and engineering practice, which are important social goods.
TiO2 nanocrystals in rutile, anatase and mixed phase were prepared from the titanium iso-propoxide precursor by employing a controlled amount of HCl as a peptizing agent along with the hydrothermal treatment without any surfactants at 100°C, 150°C and 200°C for 10h. The as obtained nanocrystals at 150°C (NP150) is found to be shorter nanorods with an average diameter of ~12nm and length of ~32nm showing a typical anatase characteristics with 2θ peak positions at 25.27°, 37.80°, 48.09°, 54.02°, 54.77°, 62.80°, 69.16° and 70.17°. However, the 100°C and 200°C samples with same reaction protocol produces only aggregated nanoparticles with a rutile and a mixed anatase/rutile crystal phases, respectively. The as obtained shorter nanorod structures when processed for the electrochemical test as anode materials in lithium ion battery shows an excellent first and second discharge capacities of 366 and 182mAhg−1 with a plateau of 1.72V, much higher than those of nanoparticle (100°C and 200°C). The enhanced capacity could be attributed to the defect free, anatase crystal phase, stable morphology, high surface area and an enhanced conductivity due to the nanorods morphology which could effectively withstand expansion/contraction occurring during the successive lithium ion insertion/extraction process.
Background and aim Despite an extensive literature on cognitive impairments in focal and generalized epilepsy, only a few number of studies specifically explored social cognition disorders in epilepsy syndromes. The aim of our study was to investigate social cognition abilities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Materials and methods Thirty-nine patients (21 patients with TLE and 18 patients with IGE) and 21 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects underwent a basic neuropsychological battery plus two experimental tasks evaluating emotion recognition from facial expression (Ekman-60-Faces test, Ek-60F) and mental state attribution (Story-based Empathy Task, SET). In particular, the latter is a newly developed task that assesses the ability to infer others' intentions (i.e., intention attribution — IA) and emotions (i.e., emotion attribution — EA) compared with a control condition of physical causality (i.e., causal inferences — CI). Results Compared with HCs, patients with TLE showed significantly lower performances on both social cognition tasks. In particular, all SET subconditions as well as the recognition of negative emotions were significantly impaired in patients with TLE vs. HCs. On the contrary, patients with IGE showed impairments on anger recognition only without any deficit at the SET task. Discussion Emotion recognition deficits occur in patients with epilepsy, possibly because of a global disruption of a pathway involving frontal, temporal, and limbic regions. Impairments of mental state attribution specifically characterize the neuropsychological profile of patients with TLE in the context of the in-depth temporal dysfunction typical of such patients. Conclusion Impairments of socioemotional processing have to be considered as part of the neuropsychological assessment in both TLE and IGE in view of a correct management and for future therapeutic interventions.
In this paper, we use experimental data collected from an Austin, Texas smart grid test bed with a system-level battery energy storage model to assess the lifetime of batteries in a microgrid operating in islanded mode during a distribution-level outage. We consider a hypothetical microgrid consisting of 21 single-family detached homes and three transformer-level community energy storage (CES) battery units ranging in size from 25kWh to 75kWh. To describe the performance of CES batteries, we implement a dynamic behavioral circuit model capable of describing voltage transients and rate-capacity effects. We use one-minute electricity production and consumption data collected from the smart grid test bed in 2012 to assess how the timing of an electric outage affects the islanding lifetime of a residential microgrid. We contrast our results with the average outage duration reported by U.S. electric utilities to quantify how often a residential microgrid could withstand a typical outage. Our results show that increasing the amount of rooftop PV in a residential microgrid does not significantly increase how often it can withstand an average-duration outage. However, combining PV with CES extends the median islanding lifetime by up to 11.6h during morning outages. Based on our results, 50kWh CES provides the best tradeoff between the cost of a CES system and its reliability benefit, allowing downstream loads to withstand an average-duration outage approximately 93% of the time.
This study is one of the first case studies to characterize the exposure of urban residents to traffic-related air pollution across locations and transportation microenvironments during everyday activities. Twenty-four adult residents of Boyle Heights, a neighborhood near downtown Los Angeles, carried a portable air pollution monitor and a Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracking device for a total of 96 days. We found significant spatial and temporal variation in the particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pPAH) concentrations in transportation microenvironments. Average pPAH concentrations were higher while walking outdoors (190 ng m− 3) compared to traveling in private passenger vehicles (138–155 ng m− 3) or traveling in public transportation (61–124 ng m− 3). Although travel comprised 5% of participant days, it was associated with 27% of overall daily pPAH exposure. Regression models explained 40–55% of the variation in daily average pPAH concentrations, and 40–44% of the variation in 1-min interval concentrations. Important factors included time spent traveling, travel speed, meteorological and nearby land use factors, time of day, and proximity to roadways. Although future research is needed to develop stronger predictive models, our study demonstrates portable tracking devices can provide a more complete, diurnal characterization of air pollution exposures for urban populations.
The neutron depth profiling technique based on the neutron activation reaction, 6Li (n, α) 3H, was applied with two dimensional (2D) pinhole aperture scans to spatially map lithium in 3D. The technique was used to study model LiFePO4 electrodes of rechargeable batteries for spatial heterogeneities of lithium in two cathode films that had undergone different electrochemical cycling histories. The method is useful for better understanding the functioning and failure of batteries using lithium as the active element.
Phosphorous-rich phase iron diphosphide/carbon tube (FeP2/C) nanohybrids, which are synthesized via a pyrolysis process and composed of heterostructures of orthorhombic FeP2 with conical carbon tubes, have been identified as a new anode in lithium-ion batteries. After an annealing treatment to eliminate the excessive hydrogen elements in the carbon tubes, the FeP2/C nanohybrids display good reversible capacity, long cycle life, and excellent rate capability. Specifically, the annealed hybrids exhibit a discharge capacity of 602mAhg−1 on the second cycle and a discharge capacity of 435mAhg−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1C (0.137Ag−1). Meanwhile, these annealed hybrids exhibit excellent rate capability, such as a reversible capability of 510mAhg−1, 440mAhg−1, 380mAhg−1, 330mAhg−1 and 240mAhg−1 at 0.25C, 0.5C, 1C, 2.5C and 5C, respectively.