batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Biological photovoltaic devices (BPVs) use photosynthetic microorganisms to produce electricity, but low photocurrent generation impedes their application. Now, a micro-scale flow-based BPV system is reported with power density outputs similar to that of large-scale biofuels.
In the present study, three biomarkers, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, vitellogenin (Vg)-like proteins, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, were evaluated in male Carcinus aestuarii crabs collected from four sites in the Lagoon of Venice, two in the northern lagoon area and two in the southern one. Results revealed differences among sites in relation to each specific biomarker. Hence, a suite of biomarkers can be used to discriminate sampling sites according to types of pollution, reflecting differing conditions of anthropogenic impact. Comparisons between the northern and southern lagoon areas suggest that the latter are in better condition for Vg-like protein level and AChE activity. The lower EROD activity recorded in crabs from the northern sites suggests a detrimental inhibitory effect of contaminants, rather than a lack of induction due to lower pollution levels.
Carbon-encapsulated transitional metal sulfides are considered as a promising anode material candidate for lithium ion batteries. Herein, a simple process is developed to synthesize 3D orostachys-like cobalt sulfides/C composites. This process is associated with the rational design of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and subsequent in-situ sulfurization. Benefit from its unique structures, this novel 3D orostachys-like cobalt sulfides@C composites delivers an excellent charge capacity of 791 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 as well as high stability of 667 mA g−1 after 700 cycles at 1 A g−1. Pseudocapacitive behaviors enhanced the electrochemical performance of 3D orostachys-like cobalt sulfides@C composites.
In this paper, the electrochemical performance and cyclic lifetime of bifunctional electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte were investigated as a function of the perovskite catalyst (La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 or Sr0.5Sm0.5CoO3−δ) and the carbon (as-received or graphitized Vulcan XC-72 carbon black). The electrochemical performance of the electrodes was essentially the same, regardless of the carbon and the catalyst; however, the cycle life was directly controlled by the carbon. The graphitized Vulcan-based electrodes had more than twice the cycle life of the as-received Vulcan-based electrodes, due to the better corrosion resistance of the graphitized carbon. The cycle life of the carbon-based electrodes was limited to 100–110 cycles under the testing conditions used in this investigation and the limiting factor was the carbon rather than the catalyst, i.e., the corrosion/oxidation of carbon under the anodic condition. Furthermore, the size/morphology of the catalyst powder affected the electrode performance degradation under cycling noticeably. The failure mechanisms of these electrodes under cycling were also assessed using impedance spectroscopy.
Ultra capacitors are major components used as power sources offering a combination of high power and high energy. Thermal management of ultra capacitors is one of the main issues for the design of safe powerful systems. This paper presents multi-level electrothermal modeling that can be used to design ultra capacitor structures meeting reliability requirements of power applications. The multi-level modeling is based on both numerical and analytical approaches enabling us to take into account different scales through finite element method computations, shell network models, homogenization methods and ultra-reduced-order model. Basic understanding of electrothermal behavior is performed. Influence of cell characteristics and cooling conditions are studied.
Sticktight-like particles and nanosheets of basic cobaltous carbonates of different morphologies are synthesized through a hydrothermal process. Their structures and formulas are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure and thermogravimetry. After being calcined at 400 °C and 500 °C, these basic cobaltous carbonates change into Co3O4 powders and are used as electrode materials of lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical test shows that Co3O4 powders with different morphologies are of different electrochemical performance. Owing to the better mechanical strength and better continuity for electron conduction compared with the sticktight-like Co3O4 samples, the 400 °C- and 500 °C-calcined nanosheet Co3O4 samples show better cycling performance and rate performance. They retain a capacity of over 700 mAh g−1 at 10 C current density. The 400 °C-calcined nanosheet Co3O4 sample exhibits a low initial capacity loss of 18.8%. An even less initial capacity loss of about 15.6% is measured for the sticktight-like Co3O4 sample.
The current study explored the music perception ability of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and its relationship with other cognitive abilities and psychotic symptom severity. The persons with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than the control group on the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) (p <0.001). The music perception ability of persons with schizophrenia was related to other cognitive abilities (attention, verbal memory, spatial memory, and executive function) and the severity of psychotic symptoms.
The influence of the space charge created by the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the lithium and polymer chain mobility have been investigated in solid composite polymer electrolytes (CPE), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) LiClO4, by using complex impedance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Special care was taken with the synthesis and the characterization of the TiO2 particles and with the composite preparation. The conductivity and NMR measurements were undertaken in composite samples nanoparticles having constant total surface area. Proton (1H) and lithium (7Li) lineshapes and spin-lattice relaxation times were measured as a function of temperature. Activation energies extracted from the 7Li relaxation data are in the range 0.20–0.22 eV. The NMR decoupling experiment suggests that the Li–Li interactions are stronger in the composites when compared with those of the ceramic free electrolytes.
Two new kinds of dithienylpyrroles bearing anthraquinone units have been prepared by the Knorr–Paal condensation between 1,4-di(thiophen-2-yl)butane-1,4-dione and 1-/2-amino-anthraquinone. The corresponding polymer films were successfully synthesized via electropolymerization. The electrochemical, electro-optical properties and electrochromic behavior of the two polymer films were further investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis absorption spectra. The results demonstrated that the two polymer films were thermally stable up to nearly 300°C. Both the two electroactive polymer films presented a stable and well-defined reversible redox process as well as multicolor electrochromic change from yellow (in the reduced state) to grey (in the neutral state) and then to blue (in the oxidized state).
Wireless communication through linkage with a smartphone and other portable devices in the sensor area are essential for increasing the efficiency of utilization by storing sensing-value data. Thus, the demand for wireless technology is increasing due to the advantages it provides for the various applications that use these data. However, there is still considerable ambiguity concerning the low portability of such technology due to the increased volume with component integration, the high consumption of power, and the necessity of having a separate battery. Herein, we present solutions for these problems with demonstrations that involve 1) the miniaturization of the device by altering the structure of the built-in battery, 2) the use of a pressure-activated switch for the low-power driving technology, and 3) the implementation of a wireless communication platform by integrating a Bluetooth module with the devices. In addition, we demonstrate a human-interactive display that enables users to instantly observe the changes in the brightness of the organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) as the pressure changes. We show that the system can display the measured, real-time pressure values on the screens of mobile devices, which represents a significant advancement in the fields of energy science and biomedical science.
Traditional carbon materials and transition metal oxides are considered as the best candidates due to their respective advantages for the anode materials of lithium ion batteries. Herein, combining the advantages of carbon and transition metal oxides, we fabricate Co3O4 doped hollow hierarchical porous carbon spheres through a simple spray pyrolysis route with cobalt nitrate and glucose as precursors. The wall thickness of hollow porous spheres can be adjusted through the ratio between cobalt nitrate and glucose. The results of electrochemical test show that the optical product maintains an excellent discharge capacity of 1297.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 when the molar ratio of glucose and cobalt nitrate is 6:8. In addition, the sample has a discharge specific capacity of 841.0 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1. Hollow hierarchical porous structure can efficiently reduce the path of lithium ion transport, and a suitable wall thickness can support the volume change during charge and discharge. Superior charge/discharge capacity, high carbon content, high yield and low cost turn this product into a more promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Halophilic bacterias from saline soil from former Lake Texcoco were isolated, identified based on 16 rRNA and tested to produce glucolytic, nucleolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic exoenzymes. The Bacillus, Virgibacillus, Kocuria, Salinicoccus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Tenuibacillus and Nesterekonia genera where identified. Lipase/eserases and proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and Nesterenkonia aethiopica showed halotolerant characteristics and were selected to synthesize the oleochemical n-butyl oleate and antioxidant peptides from muscle protein of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), respectively. In organic media (2,2,4-Trimethylpentane), the lipase/esterases from Nesterenkonia sp. (0.6 U/mL) and N. aethiopica (1.2 U/mL) achieved a 62.7% and 53.2% of n-butyl oleate conversion, respectively. The protein hydrolysis from muscle of common carp (C. carpio) showed a degree of hydrolysis of 4.5 ± 0.2% and 2.8 ± 0.1% when proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and N. aethiopica were used, respectively. Three peptidic fractions ranging molecular masses between 254 and 1002 Da [M + H] show antioxidant scavenging activity, and the principal fraction with a peptide of 547.3 Da [M + H] showed an inhibition of 37.7 ± 1.8% and 16.3 ± 0.6%, when 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were used, respectively. These findings showed that the enzymatic battery of the halophilic bacteria from former lake Texcoco can be used in hydrolysis and synthesis of molecules with applications in different fields as food technology or bioenergy.
Ceramic additive manufacturing (C-AM) is highlighted as a technology that can overcome the inherent limitations of ceramics such as processability and formability. This process creates a structure by slicing a 3D model and stacking ceramic materials layer-by-layer without mold or machining. C-AM is a technology suitable for the era of multiple low-volume because it is more flexible than conventional methods for shape complexity and design modification. However, many barriers to practical use remain due to process speed, defects, and lack of knowledge. This review focuses on studies to overcome the limitations of C-AM in terms of process and materials. The C-AM process has been advanced through various studies such as model/equation-based parameter control and high-speed sintering using external energy. Besides, by improving and fusing existing technologies, high-precision high-speed printing technology has been improved. A variety of material studies have been made of manufacturing ceramic structures with superior properties using preceramic polymers and composite materials. Through these studies, C-AM has been applied to various fields such as medicine, energy, environment, machinery, and architecture. These continued growths and diverse results demonstrate the importance and potential of C-AM based ceramic manufacturing technology.
VO2 (B), one of metastable phases of vanadium dioxide, should be a promising candidate cathode material to be applied in aqueous Li-ion battery owing to its proper electrode potential and layered structure. In this study, three different morphologies of the VO2 (B): nanorods, nanoflakes and nanoflowers were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal process. Electrochemical behaviors of the three samples were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that flower-like VO2 (B) had the best capacity retention behavior, and the largest Li-ion diffusion coefficient.
College is increasingly essential for economic and social mobility. Current research and public policy devotes significant attention to race, income, and socioeconomic factors in college access. Yet, wealth’s role, as differentiated from income, is largely unexplored. This paper examines the differences between wealth and income in the college-going process, specifically applying to college, attending college, and what type of college attended (2-year, 4-year, and more or less selective). To examine these relationships, the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (1997) is linked to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System to create a nationally representative dataset. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions reveal that wealth is consistently more significant in the college choice process than income. Wealth’s significance as a predictor for college application and attending a 2-year college versus no college disappears when controls for human capital, habitus, social capital, and cultural capital are added. However, wealth’s significance persists for less selective and more selective 4-year college attendance, even after including these controls. K-12 and postsecondary institutions and policymakers, looking to level the playing field and make college more accessible, must address wealth’s impact on the college-going process.
In this paper, a model based condition monitoring technique is developed for lithium-ion battery condition monitoring. Here a number of lithium-ion batteries are cycled using two separate over discharge test regimes and the resulting shift in battery parameters is recorded. The battery models are constructed using the equivalent circuit methodology. The condition monitoring setup consists of a model bank representing the different degree of parameter shift due to overdischarge in the lithium ion battery. Extended Kalman filters (EKF) are used to maintain increased robustness of the condition monitoring setup while estimating the terminal voltage of the battery cell. The information carrying residuals are generated and evaluation process is carried out in real-time using multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) methodology. The condition evaluation function is used to generate probabilities that indicate the presence of a particular operational condition. Using the test data, it is shown that the performance shift in lithium ion batteries due to over discharge can be accurately detected.
Essentially, the corrosion process of the steel bar in reinforcing concrete structures is a series of electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the released energy during these reactions provides the opportunities to identify the corrosion status and power the wireless corrosion monitoring sensors. Furthermore, the recognition of the corrosion status has been realized with active monitoring techniques (AMTs) and passive monitoring techniques (PMTs). Additionally, the sensor mote platform that harvests the corrosion energy has been designed for corrosion monitoring, and then how to network these sensors to remotely access the corrosion data has been discussed. The preliminary experiment has been conducted to validate the micro corrosion energy.
A carbon-coated graphite is investigated as the negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. The carbon-coated graphite particles are prepared by simple heat-treatment of mixtures of graphite and poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, at 800–1000°C in an argon flow. The carbon coating reduces significantly the initial irreversible capacity of the graphite in a propylene carbonate-based electrolyte, by suppressing the solvated lithium ion intercalation, and also improves the initial charge–discharge coulombic efficiency. By carbon coating, the specific surface area of graphite particles is greatly increased. These findings can be explained by assuming that a turbostratic structure of PVC-carbon resists irreversible side-reactions which are controlled predominantly by active, edge surface sites.
Hybrid storage systems consisting of battery and ultra-capacitor have recently emerged as an alternative to the conventional single buffer layout in hybrid vehicles. Their high power and energy density could improve the performance indices of the vehicle, provided that an optimal energy management strategy is employed that could handle systems with multiple degrees of freedom (DOF). The majority of existing energy management strategies is limited to a single DOF and the small body of work on multi-DOF systems is mainly heuristic-based. We propose an optimal solution to the energy management problem in fuel-cell hybrid vehicles with dual storage buffer for fuel economy in a standard driving cycle using multi-dimensional dynamic programming (MDDP). An efficient MDDP code is developed using MATLAB™'s vectorization feature that helps reduce the inherently high computational cost of MDDP. Results of multiple simulated experiments are presented to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed strategy. A comparison is also made between a single and a double buffer fuel-cell hybrid vehicle in various driving cycles to determine the maximum reduction in fuel consumption that can be achieved by the addition of an ultra-capacitor.
This review summarizes the background and recent status of the fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) demonstration projects in North America and Europe. Key performance metrics include accumulated miles, availability, fuel economy, fuel cost, roadcalls, and hydrogen fueling. The state-of-the-art technology used in today's fuel cell bus is highlighted. Existing hydrogen infrastructure for refueling is described. The article also presents the challenges encountered in these projects, the experiences learned, as well as current and future performance targets.
Nanocrystalline and amorphous NdMg12-type NdMg11Ni + x wt% Ni (x = 100, 200) hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by mechanical milling. The effects of Ni content and milling time on hydrogen storage thermodynamics and dynamics of the alloys were systematically investigated. The gaseous hydrogen absorption and desorption properties were investigated by Sieverts apparatus and differential scanning calorimeter connected with a H2 detector. Results show that increasing Ni content significantly improves hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys. Furthermore, varying milling time has an obvious effect on the hydrogen storage properties of the alloys. Hydrogen absorption saturation ratio (
Thin films of garnet-type Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) are prepared by the sol–gel process. Thin films are prepared on MgO substrates by a dip-coating process using a precursor sol from Zr-alkoxide and Li, La and Al nitrates. After the dip-coating, the dried films are calcined at 450 °C to get precursor films. When the precursor films are heat-treated at 900 °C in an alumina crucible, La2Zr2O7 is mainly obtained. With coexistence of Li2CO3 powders in the crucible during the heat-treatment at 900 °C, thin film of polycrystalline cubic LLZ is obtained. Addition of an ionic surfactant, lithium dodecylsulfate, improves the quality of the thin films, and the thin film heat-treated at 900 °C with coexistence of Li2CO3 powders in the crucible shows the ionic conductivity of 2.4 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C.
Anodic polarization behavior of copper in propylene carbonate was investigated using electrochemical measurements, microscopic observations, elemental and gravimetric analyses. These results exhibited that anodic polarization of copper brought about oxidative dissolution of the metal substrate in competition with decomposition of the electrolyte on the metal surface. A reaction mechanism for oxidative dissolution was proposed with respect to both the charge transferring and the geometric form.
A novel Sn-Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3.2H2O, otherwise known as (Sn-FeHP) is prepared by hydrothermal method and subsequently, Sn-FeHP/G composite containing graphene is obtained by adopting a simple mechanothermal approach. Not requiring the addition of surfactant or template, the currently adopted hydrothermal strategy produces flower like morphology with a polyhedral rod assembly. When it is explored as Li-ion battery anode, a steady state capacity of 1000 mA h g−1 is demonstrated by Sn-FeHP/G under the influence of 100 mA g−1 current density with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99% up to 100 cycles. The title anode demonstrates its suitability for high capacity and high rate applications by exhibiting appreciable capacity values of 520, 450, and 350 mA h g−1, under the influence of 2, 3 and 5 A g−1 respectively. Further, Sn-FeHP/G composite anode demonstrates the suitability for Na-ion batteries by exhibiting 195 and 160 mA h g−1 of capacity under the influence of 50 and 100 mA g−1 up to 1000 and 100 cycles respectively. The study recommends Sn-FeHP/G composite for its exploitation as an alternative anode for high-performance lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
The studies of conductivity behavior of composite polymeric electrolytes (CPE) have been widely realized for about 15 years. There is, however, a lack of a versatile and efficient model of conductivity in these systems. The effective medium approach was introduced to predict the conductivity of systems according to some previously defined mixing rules. The main limitation of this method, however, is the fact that each new composite microstructure forces a new mixing rule development. This paper presents the random resistor network approach as an alternative method to the effective medium theory based approach. The presented comparison of both methods is based on both dc and ac simulated conductivity data. Some experimental data are introduced to compare the models with the conductivity values obtained for real samples.
As developments in cancer treatment have improved outcomes, research has increasingly focused on the role of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in quality of life for cancer survivors. Impairment profiles have been heterogeneous across studies, necessitating the study of these effects across different cohorts. The purpose of this preliminary study is to compare the memory profiles of Northeast Ontario breast and CNS cancer patients, as there is no literature which exists for profiling CRCI within this largely rural region.