batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
In this paper, MWCNT (Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube)-induced vanadium oxide nanosheet composite is synthesized via sol–gel method and subsequent hydrothermal treatment process. TEM and SEM tests confirmed that the synthesized product shows a rectangular sheet-like nanostructure with the length of several micrometers, width of a few hundred nanometers and thickness of dozens of nanometers. The analysis of XRD verified the monoclinic crystal structure of the vanadium oxide nanosheet. The XPS results manifested that V4+ is predominant in the V element of vanadium oxide nanosheet. The corresponding electrochemical performance examinations indicated this nanosheet-MWCNT composite with distinct single phase transition feature exhibits high specific capacity and good cycling stability due to its sheet-like nanostructure and uniform adding of MWCNTs, which makes this novel vanadium oxide nanosheet-MWCNT composite quite suitable and promising as cathode material for Li+ ion batteries applications.
Zn2SnO4-based anode materials have recently attracted considerable attention due to their high capacity and low price for lithium-ion batteries. However, their performance is affected by temperature and temperature-dependent characters have not been investigated sufficiently. In this regard, we tested the electrochemistry performance of Co-doped Zn2SnO4–graphene–carbon (Co–ZTO–G–C) nanocomposite anode at various temperatures (−25, 25 and 60°C) and analyzed the main limitations and improvements of its low- and high-temperature behavior. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated that severe concentration polarization, the absence of Zn2SnO4/Zn(Sn) redox couple and large charge-transfer resistance Rct limited its low-temperature performance. Further electrochemical performance analysis indicated that the doped Co could effectively decrease Rct of the nanocomposite and improve its capacity at low temperature. It also suggested that graphene and carbon layer contributed to maintaining its capacity during high-temperature cycles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the performance degeneration of the nanocomposite at elevated temperature was mainly attributed to severe volume expansion/contraction of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles and destruction of Zn2SnO4 cubic structure. The XRD results also showed that the cubic structures of Zn2SnO4 at all temperatures were destroyed after cycling, which led to cyclic performance degeneration of the Co–ZTO–G–C nanocomposite.
In this communication, for the first time, we demonstrate the fast and facile preparation of porous FeF3 nanospheres using solvent exchange from FeF3 aqueous solution to ethanol. We further demonstrate the use of such FeF3 nanospheres as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with good rate capability and cycling performance.
Time and energy saving synthesis method is crucial to the scale up applications of energy conversion and storage materials. In this report, we demonstrate a convenient and novel approach to fabricate the highly crystalline ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles as anode materials for Li rechargeable batteries. Pure phase ZnMn2O4 samples can be feasibly obtained under different calcination temperature from the precursor via combustion assisted coprecipitation method. Various techniques are used to characterize the structure and morphology of the products. Sample gained at 800°C exhibits the best electrochemical property for lithium ion batteries. A reversible specific capacity of 716mAhg−1 can be retained under a current density of 100mAg−1 after 90 circles. Even the current density elevated up to 1000mAg−1, the reversible capacity of the material still can be kept as high as 500mAhg−1 after 1200 cycles. The outstanding performance compared to the other samples benefits from its good crystallinity and uniform dispersion with appropriate particle size.
Previous functional imaging studies have pointed to the compensatory recruitment of cortical circuits in old age in order to counterbalance the loss of neural efficiency and preserve cognitive performance. Recent electroencephalographic (EEG) analyses reported age-related deficits in the amplitude of an early positive–negative working memory (PNwm) component as well as changes in working memory (WM)-load related brain oscillations during the successful performance of the n-back task. To explore the age-related differences of EEG activation in the face of increasing WM demands, we assessed the PNwm component area, parietal alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) as well as frontal theta ERS in 32 young and 32 elderly healthy individuals who successfully performed a highly WM demanding 3-back task. PNwm area increased with higher memory loads (3- and 2-back > 0-back tasks) in younger subjects. Older subjects reached the maximal values for this EEG parameter during the less WM demanding 0-back task. They showed a rapid development of an alpha ERS that reached its maximal amplitude at around 800 ms after stimulus onset. In younger subjects, the late alpha ERS occurred between 1,200 and 2,000 ms and its amplitude was significantly higher compared with elders. Frontal theta ERS culmination peak decreased in a task-independent manner in older compared with younger cases. Only in younger individuals, there was a significant decrease in the phasic frontal theta ERS amplitude in the 2- and 3-back tasks compared with the detection and 0-back tasks. These observations suggest that older adults display a rapid mobilization of their neural generators within the parietal cortex to manage very low demanding WM tasks. Moreover, they are less able to activate frontal theta generators during attentional tasks compared with younger persons.
The overcharge safety and behaviors of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with LiCoO2 cathode are investigated under a successive constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charge mode. It is indicated that in the case of smaller charge currents, a higher probability for the LIBs passing the overcharging test can be obtained. The batteries can safely pass CC overcharge test at 0.25C to 10 V, and then about 80% batteries can also pass CV overcharge test. Whereas, with increasing the CC currents to 0.33C, 0.5C, and 1C, about 50%, 30%, and 10% batteries can directly pass the overcharge test at the CC step, and then about 20%, 10%, and 0% batteries approach 10 V and subsequent pass CV overcharge test, respectively. Besides the charge current, it is also demonstrated that whether the LiCoO2/graphite batteries are likely to achieve energy balance and pass the overcharge test basically depends on the formation of the internal short-circuit pathways derived from the cobalt and lithium deposition in the separator during the overcharge process. The cobalt deposition will be more uniform when the battery core has shape stability of assembly-structure, which can be used as an effective measure to raise LIBs through the overcharge test. In addition, relative more uniform cobalt dendrites can also be formed if a double layer separator is adopted, which reduces the local short-circuit risk caused by the melting or shrinkage of the separator and correspondingly improves the ratio of LIBs passing through the overcharge test. These risk reduction measures can be used in the battery manufacture to improve the overcharge safety of LIBs.
Immunotherapeutic approaches are currently in the spotlight for their potential as disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. The discovery that α-synuclein (α-syn) can transmit from cell to cell in a prion-like fashion suggests that immunization might be a viable option for the treatment of synucleinopathies. This possibility has been bolstered by the development of next-generation active vaccination technology with short peptides-AFFITOPEs® (AFF)- that do not elicit an α-syn-specific T cell response. This approach allows for the production of long term, sustained, more specific, non-cross reacting antibodies suitable for the treatment of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this context, we screened a large library of peptides that mimic the C-terminus region of α-syn and discovered a novel set of AFF that identified α-syn oligomers. Next, the peptide that elicited the most specific response against α-syn (AFF 1) was selected for immunizing two different transgenic (tg) mouse models of PD and Dementia with Lewy bodies, the PDGF- and the mThy1-α-syn tg mice. Vaccination with AFF 1 resulted in high antibody titers in CSF and plasma, which crossed into the CNS and recognized α-syn aggregates. Active vaccination with AFF 1 resulted in decreased accumulation of α-syn oligomers in axons and synapses, accompanied by reduced degeneration of TH fibers in the caudo-putamen nucleus and by improvements in motor and memory deficits in both in vivo models. Clearance of α-syn involved activation of microglia and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, further supporting the efficacy of this novel active vaccination approach for synucleinopathies.
Abstract Hybrid materials produced via the combination of functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds, with the latter exhibiting size-dependent physical and chemical properties, have become a major area of research and technological development. The introduction of metal oxide nanoparticles in the polymeric nanocomposites has attracted the attention of researchers as advanced technological materials because of their unique optical, electronic, mechanical, and structural characteristics. This chapter mainly focuses on the preparation, properties, characterization, and applications of poly(vinyl chloride)/metal oxide composites. Also, the various manufacturing techniques, analysis of morphology, filler dispersion, interfacial interactions, etc. have been described.
Long-life property is one of the key factors for wide applications of lithium-ion batteries. Here, Mo-modified Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) is synthesized successfully via a solvent evaporating way followed with a calcination method. This strategy delivers two kinds of effects including Mo-doping and Mo-coating. Mo not only intercalates into the crystal lattice of NCM, but also forms a film-like coating layer on the surface to impede side reactions between electrode and electrolyte. Thus, its specific capacity, rate capability and cycle performance are improved simultaneously, especially in terms of long cycling life property. A series of physical and electrochemical characterizations are used to study the modified performance, and the sample with 1.0 wt% Mo modifying presents the best property with an approximate 3.5 nm coating layer surrounding the surface. Besides, the capacity retention ratio reaches to 89.7% even after 500 cycles between 3.0 and 4.3 V. However, Mo-modified samples have an obvious attenuation in the later period after charging to a higher voltage of 4.6 V although they have preferable cycle performance at the preliminary stage. The results indicate that the reaction mechanisms are diverse at different voltage ranges, which may guide subsequent researches.
The issue of renewable energy is becoming significant due to increasing power demand, instability of the rising oil prices and environmental problems. Among the various renewable energy sources, fuel cell is gaining more popularity due to their higher efficiency, cleanliness and cost-effective supply of power demanded by the consumers. This paper presents a comprehensive review of different fuel cell technologies with their working principle, advantages, disadvantages and suitability of applications for residential/grid-connected system, transportation, industries and commercial applications. Development of mathematical model of fuel cell required for simulation study is discussed. This paper also focuses on the necessity of a suitable power-conditioning unit required to interface the fuel cell system with standalone/grid applications.
Herein, we describe a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process to synthesize α-Fe2O3 nanotubes/SnO2 nanorods/reduced graphene oxide (FNT/S/RGO) for application as a high-performance anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The composite products exhibit anisotropic growth because of heteronucleation and the preferred orientation of SnO2. SnO2 nanorods on the FNT surfaces are converted into Sn metal during the alloying/dealloying reaction, which offers improved electrical conductivity. The FNT/S/RGO show substantially enhanced electrochemical properties because of the reduced volume expansion effect, which improves the electrical and Li-ion conductivity and provides a large surface area. As a consequence, the FNT/S/RGO anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 883mAhg−1 even at a current density of 200mAg−1, with a capacity retention of 90% between the 1st and 220th cycles, excellent high-rate capacity (382mAhg−1 at 4320mAg−1), and long-term cycle durability (maintaining 629mAhg−1 at 1000mAg−1 for 1000 cycles). The presented FNT/S/RGO electrodes are the most efficient SnO2- and Fe2O3-based anode electrodes reported thus far for LIBs. The origin of the synergistic effect and the reaction mechanism of the FNT/S/RGO was thoroughly investigated using various in situ transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis methods.
In this paper, we report a simple sol–gel method for the synthesis of a composite containing reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) embedded within nano LiFePO4 particles for a lithium-ion battery cathode. This composite has an effective electron pathway and a highly meso-porous structure as compared to conventional LiFePO4. Highly conductive R-GO, together with the meso-porosity results in a material that has good electronic conductivity and high electrolyte permeability. Electrodes fabricated from the composite exhibited excellent performance when evaluated as lithium-ion battery cathodes, including compared to pristine LiFePO4. The electrode of the R-GO composite exhibits excellent rate capabilities of 125 mAh g−1 at 10 C, whereas pristine LiFePO4 could deliver only 81.5 mAh g−1 at the same condition. It also achieves an improved cyclability with capacity retention ratios of 92.48% after 200 cycles at 10 C, as well.
Background Poor reading efficiency is the most persistent problem for adults with developmental dyslexia. Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between left posterior temporal cortex (pTC) function and reading ability, regardless of dyslexia status. Objective/Hypothesis In this study, we tested whether enhancing left lateralization of pTC using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves reading efficiency in adults without dyslexia. Method Twenty-five right-handed adults with no history of learning disorder participated. Real and sham “Left lateralizing” tDCS were applied to the pTC in separate sessions. Standardized word and nonword reading tests were given immediately after stimulation. Results Modeling of the induced electrical field confirmed that tDCS was likely to increase left pTC excitability and reduce right pTC excitability as intended. Relative to sham, real tDCS induced improvements in word reading efficiency in below average readers. Conclusions Enhancing left lateralization of the pTC using tDCS improves word reading efficiency in below-average readers. This demonstrates that left lateralization of the pTC plays a role in reading ability, and provides stimulation parameters that could be used for a trial of tDCS in adults with developmental dyslexia. Such short-term gains could amplify the effect of appropriate reading interventions when performed in conjunction with them.
Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs are common and can negatively affect tolerability, compliance, and long-term retention of the treatment. Furthermore, adverse cognitive effects of pharmacotherapy significantly affect everyday functioning and quality of life. Consequently, preservation of cognitive functions is an important aspect of epilepsy therapy. Knowledge of the patient’s neuropsychological status before and after pharmacological interventions can help to decide on the appropriate treatment and, thus, can potentially improve individual medical care. Here, we suggest that cognitive monitoring of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy – like the assessment of seizure frequency, blood serum levels, electroencephalography or structural imaging – should be carried out as a matter of routine. In contrast to subjective measures, there are only very few neuropsychological instruments explicitly validated for the assessment of cognition along with antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. This review (1.) outlines indications and requirements for individual cognitive monitoring, (2.) discusses available diagnostic tools, and (3.) discloses relevant pitfalls. Neuropsychology, as demonstrated, provides evidence-based methods for monitoring cognitive effects of individual pharmacological treatments and, therefore, serves as a valuable tool for the quality and outcome control of antiepileptic therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “The Future of Translational Epilepsy Research”.
Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) represents one main cause of chronic neuropathic or mixed pain, functional disability and reduced Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) can be a value for money option to treat patients refractory to conventional medical management (CMM).
Porous tin-based films are electrodeposited on copper foils from a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based electrolyte containing SnCl2·2H2O without any complexing agent or additive. Increasing the deposition time and voltage produces thicker films. The initially deposited Sn grains are relatively uniform with an average size of 200–300 nm and a kind of self-assembly distribution constructing an open and bicontinuous porous network. The architecture of these films possesses a double-layer structure, i.e. SnO2 (superficial layer)/Sn–Cu alloy (bottom layer), which is revealed by X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the porous tin-based films as anode for lithium-ion batteries is measured. Although the capacity fades gradually with repeated cycling, a reversible capacity of 300-350 mAh g−1 is maintained for more than 50 cycles, which suggests that the in situ formed Sn--Cu alloy could provide an interlocking interface between active materials and current collector. Therefore, the tin's shedding from the current collector can be restrained. Moreover, the inactive materials, such as the oxide in the superficial layer and the Cu in the bottom layer, could also act as buffers to relieve the induced volume expansion of Sn during the repeated lithiathion/delithiation process, thus giving the good cycle performances.
A novel PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) using absorptive glass mat (AGM) as filler was prepared and characterized. Scanning electronic micrograph (SEM) images showed that the addition of Li salt and modified AGM may improve the surface morphology of CPE. The results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) indicated that the inclusion of LiClO4 salt and the addition of AGM filler can reduce the crystallinity of PEO. It was concluded that the addition of AGM plays two roles in PEO-based CPEs, namely, interruption of the PEO recrystallization and reinforcement of CPEs, accordingly enhancing room temperature ionic conductivity of CPEs and improving its mechanical strength and electrochemical stability at high temperatures.
Developments in lithium rechargeable batteries since the last International Power Sources Symposium in Manchester in 2001 are described. The major developments are that, as expected, lithium cobalt oxide cathode material is being replaced by lithium cobalt/nickel oxide and polymer electrolyte batteries are now coming into production. Likely future developments are new cathode and electrolyte materials to reduce cost and to improve safety. Some research has been reported on sodium-ion batteries.
Two sodium sulfur (NaS) cells, one with a planar design and the other with a tubular design, were subject to discharge-charge cycles in order to investigate the effect of cathode felt geometries on electrochemical characteristics of NaS cells. Their discharge-charge behaviors over 200 cycles were evaluated at the operation temperature of 350 °C with the current densities of 100 mA cm−2 for discharge and 80 mA cm−2 for charge. The results showed that the deviation from theoretical open circuit voltage changes of a planar cell was smaller than those of a tubular cell resulting in potential specific power loss reduction during operation. In order to understand the effect, a three dimensional statistically representative matrix for a cathode felt has been generated using experimentally measured data. It turns out that the area specific fiber number density in the outer side area of a tubular cathode felt is smaller than that of a planar felt resulting in occurrence of larger voltage drops via retarded convection of cathode melts during cell operation.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cause of death after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). We characterised the patient population suffering from in-hospital PE and identified perioperative risk factors associated with PE using nationally representative data. Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey between 1990 and 2004 on patients who underwent primary or revision THA/TKA in the United States were analysed. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine if perioperative factors were associated with increased risk of in-hospital PE. An estimated 6,901,324 procedures were identified. The incidence of in-hospital PE was 0.36%. Factors associated with an increased risk for the diagnosis of PE included: revision THA, female gender, dementia, obesity, renal and cerebrovascular disease. An increased association with PE was found among patients with diagnosis of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), psychosis (confusion), and peripheral thrombotic events. Our findings may be useful in stratifying the individual patient’s risk of PE after surgery.
The uncontrollable dendrite lithium growing is a hazardous behavior for lithium metal batteries, which is mainly cause for restraint of its commercial applications. Gel-based polymer electrolyte is emerging as a promising solution to achieving high ionic conductivity dendrite-free lithium deposition and good safety for developing high-performance all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. In this work, a new sponge-supported gel-based polymer electrolyte is developed by in-situ gelation of precursor solution-soaked (1,2-diacrylyl ethane, 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine and LiPF6 electrolyte) commercial sponge. In the sponge-supported polymer electrolyte, commercial sponge is served as the supporting framework to dissipate energy, enhancing mechanical strength of polymer electrolyte, while the cross-linked 1,2-diacrylyl ethane and 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine contained LiPF6 electrolyte endow fast ion transmitting for polymer electrolyte. The S-GPE with compact structure is conducive to be formation of a highly uniform and robust SEI layer on the lithium metal, thus resulting in remarkable lithium dendrite-resistance and electrochemical performances (ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance, charge/discharge, rate behavior, and long-term cyclic lifespan).