batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
LiMnPO4 nanoplates in a size of 30-70nm were successfully obtained via a graphene oxide (GO) assisted solvothermal synthesis method. The particle size reduction is ascribed to a preferential nucleation of LiMnPO4 on the GO sheets. The particle size is critically dependent on the added GO content, ranging from 300nm, 200nm to 50nm, when the GO content increase from 5/30, 10/30, to 20/30mg/cm-3. LiMnPO4 nanoplates were further carbon-coated at 600°C. Carbon-coated LiMnPO4 (LiMnPO4/C) with a particle size of 30-70nm displays a specific capacity of 140mA h g-1 at C/10 and 85mA h g-1 at 1C rate.
Aims Using diabetic foot (DF) as an indicator of severe diabetes, we aimed to investigate the cognitive profile of DF patients and the relations between cognitive functioning and both diabetes complications and comorbidities. Methods Dementia-free patients with DF aged 30–90 (n=153) were assessed through medical records and a cognitive battery. Information on diabetes complications and comorbidities was collected via interview; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was tested. Data were analyzed using robust logistic or quantile regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results The mean Mini-Mental Examination (MMSE) score of patients was 24.6 (SD=3.6), and 40% had global cognitive dysfunction (MMSE ≤24). Among elderly patients (aged ≥65), MMSE impairment was related to amputation (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.07–12.11). Episodic memory impairment was associated with foot amputation (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.11–15.28) and microvascular complications (OR 9.68, 95% CI 1.67–56.06). Further, elderly patients with HbA1c <7% had increased odds of psychomotor slowness (OR 7.75, 95% CI 1.55–38.73) and abstract reasoning impairment (OR 4.49, 95% CI: 1.15–17.46). However, such significant associations were not shown in adult patients aged <65. Conclusion Amputation, microvascular diseases and glycemic control were associated with impaired global cognitive function and its domains among patients aged ≥65.
Porous silicon (PSi) is one of the most promising anode materials for next generation lithium ion batteries. Additionally, good cycling stability and rate capability are expected for PSi-based anode because of its possible accommodation of volume change during the charge/discharge process. In this work, we have demonstrated that PSi with tunable pore diameters and specific surface areas up to 303.2m2 g−1 can be synthesized with a magnesiothermic reaction of silicon monoxide. The result indicates that pore structure can be largely controlled by the reaction temperature while the electrochemical performance of PSi is found to be closely related with their pore structure. The anode based on PSi with the optimized pore structure exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 1045.6mAhg−1 at a specific current of 1000mAg−1. To further demonstrate the potential of PSi from magnesiothermic reaction as high-performance anode material, a conductive carbon layer has been wrapped around the periphery of PSi particles. At a specific current of 1000mAg−1, carbon wrapped PSi retains a reversible capacity of 1639.0mAhg−1, 84.5% of the initial capacity after 200 cycles. The performance is much better than those of naked PSi or infiltrated carbon coated PSi due to its effective accommodation of the volume change during the charge/discharge process.
Among energy buffering alternatives, supercapacitors can provide unmatched efficiency and durability. Additionally, the direct relation between a supercapacitor's terminal voltage and stored energy can improve energy awareness. However, a simple capacitive approximation cannot adequately represent the stored energy in a supercapacitor. It is shown that the three branch equivalent circuit model provides more accurate energy awareness. This equivalent circuit uses three capacitances and associated resistances to represent the supercapacitor's internal SOC (state-of-charge). However, the SOC cannot be determined from one observation of the terminal voltage, and must be tracked over time using inexact measurements. We present: 1) a Kalman filtering solution for tracking the SOC; 2) an on-line system identification procedure to efficiently estimate the equivalent circuit's parameters; and 3) experimental validation of both parameter estimation and SOC tracking for 5 F, 10 F, 50 F, and 350 F supercapacitors. Validation is done within the operating range of a solar powered application and the associated power variability due to energy harvesting. The proposed techniques are benchmarked against the simple capacitive model and prior parameter estimation techniques, and provide a 67% reduction in root-mean-square error for predicting usable buffered energy.
A new chitosan imprinting adsorbent using diatomite as core material was prepared by using the surface molecular imprinting technology with the Pb2+ as imprinted ion. The preparation process conditions of the surface molecular imprinting adsorbent were studied. The adsorbent was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. FTIR spectrum indicated that it was cross-linked by epichlorohydrin. The new imprinting adsorbent could provide a higher adsorption capacity for Pb2+, which reached 139.6 mg/g increasing 32.3% compared with cross-linking chitosan adsorbent (the initial Pb2+ concentration of 600 mg/L). The adsorption velocity was quick and the equilibration time of the imprinting adsorbent for Pb2+ was 3 h that shortened about 40% compared with cross-linking chitosan adsorbent. It had a more wide pH range of 5–7 than that of cross-linking chitosan adsorbent. The new imprinting adsorbent can be reused for up to ten cycles without loss of adsorption capacity. In the kinetics and isotherm study, the pseudosecond order model and Langmuir model could represent the adsorption process.
Pacific halibut support high-value commercial and sport fisheries in the north Pacific Ocean, making survival of Pacific halibut bycatch in trawl fisheries an important management concern. We present a method for characterizing activity and inferring survival of Pacific halibut based on accelerometer data from Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags (PSATs). A PSAT attached to a fish with a dart and tether floats freely above the fish in a vertical orientation when the fish is stationary, but switches to a more horizontal orientation when towed behind an active fish. We hypothesized that characteristic changes in PSAT orientation associated with activity could be detected by accelerometers and summarized for transmission by PSATs to provide valuable information on fish activity.
A sulfur/carbon nanocomposite was prepared by a simple chemical deposition method. A feasible vacuum soaking step was introduced to absorb the sulfur source (Na2S x ) into the carbon micropores/mesopores. It is confirmed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic discharge–charge, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) that the S/C composite with vacuum soaking (78wt% sulfur) leads to more dispersion of sulfur into the carbon micropores/mesopores and displays better electrochemical features, compared to the S/C composite without vacuum soaking, the synthesized sulfur/carbon and pristine sulfur/carbon ball-milled composites. The S/C cathode with vacuum soaking delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1116.1mAhg−1 (based on sulfur weight) and retains 534.2mAhg−1 after 150 cycles with a discharge/charge rate of 0.35C. The stable capacity retention and sturdy structure of the electrode are attributed to an intimate nanoscale contact established between the smaller sized sulfur and the conductive carbon.
This paper studies a nonlinear predictive energy management strategy for a residential building with a rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system and second-life lithium-ion battery energy storage. A key novelty of this manuscript is closing the gap between building energy management formulations, advanced load forecasting techniques, and nonlinear battery/PV models. Additionally, we focus on the fundamental trade-off between lithium-ion battery aging and economic performance in energy management. The energy management problem is formulated as a model predictive controller (MPC). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme achieves 96%–98% of the optimal performance given perfect forecasts over a long-term horizon. Moreover, the rate of battery capacity loss can be reduced by 25% with negligible losses in economic performance, through an appropriate cost function formulation.
The replacement of lead (Pb)-bearing solders by several Pb-free solders is a subject of intense research in these days due to the toxic effects of Pb on the environment. However, the Pb-free solders contain metals such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The increasing use of these Pb-free solders again increases the risk of release of Ag, Cu, and Zn metals into the environment. The Pb-free solders can, therefore, be used as a secondary source for the metals which will not only help in environmental protection but also for the resource recovery.
The development of proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cell stacks is now well advanced for many applications. However, the significant performance advantages that these have over the battery for small to moderate scale applications will not be realised until a credible fuel source has been developed. The deficiencies of the PEMFC and DMFC can be eliminated by cation or anion-conducting membranes incorporated into a direct sodium borohydride fuel cell (DSBFC). The characterisation of membranes for the DSBFC is discussed. Novel membranes have been prepared which have resistance of an equal magnitude to the commercially available Nafion® membrane.
Renewable energy (RE) has a strong synergy with some of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), thus its successful deployment can potentially result in an impact on these SDGs. In this study, we examine the synergy effect of renewable electricity on selected SDGs via the electricity prices for the European Union (EU) countries. Using panel data and a two-step estimation approach, our findings indicate a strong synergy effect between renewable electricity prices, SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth). The results further reveal that SDG 12 (responsible production and consumption) accounts for most of the future renewable electricity price variation (excluding self-effect), whereas future variation in SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (climate action) are explained mostly by SDG 8 and SDG 12, respectively.
Large arrays of aligned copper oxide nanowires were produced by electrodeposition, using anodic alumina membranes as template. We have studied the effect of two fundamental parameters involved in fabrication process: potential perturbation and bath composition. Performing electrodeposition from a copper acetate/sodium acetate bath (pH 6.5), we found that chemical composition of nanowires varied in dependence on the shape of the applied potential perturbation: pure copper oxide nanowires were produced by pulsed potential, whilst continuous electrodeposition resulted in a co-deposition of Cu and Cu2O. In a copper lactate bath, buffered at pH 10, the shape of perturbation did not influence the chemical composition of nanowires, consisting of pure copper oxide. Besides, bath composition influenced the crystallographic structure of nanowires: in the acetate bath polycrystalline nanowires, having a maximum length of about 2.5μm, were obtained whilst in the lactate electrolyte Cu2O nanowires with a preferential orientation along the (200) plane were deposited. In every case, nanowire diameters were uniform with an average value of about 200nm. Growth rate of nanowires was influenced by the shape of potential pulse.
To realise the battery potential of gel polyelectrolytes greater ion dissociation, ultimately leading to higher conductivities, must be achieved. Higher conductivities will result through increasing the ion-dissociating properties of the gel polyelectrolyte. The poor degree of ion dissociation arises as the active ion tends to remain in close proximity to the backbone charge. Nano-particle inorganic oxides, and zwitterionic compounds have been shown to act as dissociation enhancers in certain polyelectrolyte systems. In an attempt to further increase ion dissociation the addition of both TiO2 nano-particles and a zwitterionic compound based on 1-butylimidazolium-3-N-(butanesulphonate) were added to the gel polyelectrolyte system poly (Li-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulphonate-co-N,N′-dimethylacrylamide), poly(Li-AMPS-co-DMAA) to determine if a synergistic effect occurs. Two different solvents were used to determine the breadth of applicability of the additive effect. The use of both dissociators resulted in the maximum ionic conductivity being achieved at lower nano-particle concentrations when compared to an identical system without zwitterion.
Activated carbon (AC) fiber cloths and a hydrophobic microporous polypropylene (PP) membrane, both modified with lithiated acetone oligomers, were used as electrodes and a separator in electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with aqueous lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as the electrolyte. Electrochemical characteristics of EDLCs were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge cycle tests and impedance spectroscopy (EIS), compared with a case of the capacitor with aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an electrolyte. As a result, the capacitor with LiOH aqueous solution and a modified separator and electrodes was found to exhibit higher specific capacitance, maximum energy stored and maximum power than that with KOH aqueous solution.
Although sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become an important treatment option in severe obesity, cardiorespiratory and muscle function after SG has not adequately been investigated.
Sodium-ion transfer through the interface between ceramic and organic electrolytes was studied by AC impedance spectroscopy. Na3Zr1.88Y0.12Si2PO12 (NASICON) and Na-β″-alumina were used as ceramic electrolytes, and propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing 0.05moldm−3 NaCF3SO3 were used as organic electrolytes. The semi-circle ascribed to interfacial charge transfer resistance (R ct ) was observed. The activation energies for sodium-ion transfer at the interface between ceramic and organic electrolytes were evaluated by the temperature dependency of R ct . As a result, the activation energies depended on the ceramic electrolytes but not on the solvents. These results suggest that sodium-ion transfer from ceramic to organic electrolytes should be responsible for the activation energies, which is contrary to the case in a lithium-ion transfer system. Based on these results, the mechanism of interfacial sodium-ion transfer was discussed.
A poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) containing propylene carbonate (PC)-based liquid electrolyte was developed to enhance the safety performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2/graphite (NMC532/graphite) lithium ion batteries. The PC-based liquid electrolyte (PEV-LE) consists of 1 mol L−1 LiPF6 as lithium salt, PC as the main solvent and ethylene sulfite (ES, 2% by weight) as well as vinylene carbonate (VC, 2% by weight) as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming additives. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the combination of ES and VC additives facilitates the formation of effective interphases at the respective electrolyte/electrode interfaces, thus contributing to a remarkable cycle life of NMC532/graphite cell comprising PEV-GPE. Flash point measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed significantly improved safety performance of PEV compared to the state-of-the-art electrolyte. PEV-GPE is a promising alternative to state-of-the-art electrolyte as it shows extended cycle life and enhanced thermal stability in NMC532/graphite lithium ion cells.
A double-layer structural air cathode consisting of diamond like carbon (DLC) active layer and CoO x catalytic layer is designed and its catalytic effect for Li-air batteries both in carbonate and ether based electrolytes are tested. Ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) based Li-air cell using this double-layer electrode as air cathode exhibits significant improvement in discharge/charge electrochemical performance but suffers from electrolyte decomposition as proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements. In 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) based electrolyte, CoO x /DLC double layer electrode shows high catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Furthermore, over 30 cycles is achieved with a capacity of more than 2000 mAh g−1 by using CoO x /DLC double layer electrode, which makes it a promising air electrode for Li-air batteries.
The vanadium flow battery (VFB) has been considered as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies in terms of its design flexibility, long cycle life, high efficiency and high safety. However, the high cost prevents the VFB technology from broader market penetration. Improving the power density of the VFB is an effective solution to reduce its cost due to the reduced material consumption and stack size. Electrode, as one of the main components in the VFB, providing the reactions sites for redox couples, has an important effect on the voltage loss of the VFB associated with electrochemical polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. Extensive research has been carried out on the electrode modification to reduce polarizations and hence improve the power density of the VFB. In this review, state-of-the-art of various modification methods on the VFB electrode materials is overviewed and summarized, and the future research directions helpful to reduce polarization loss are presented.
Because of environmental and business factors, reverse logistics has received increasing attention in many industries. This chapter will offer a comprehensive investigation into reverse logistics and related subjects. After introducing the subject and providing a literature review related to reverse logistics in recent papers, three main questions are studied: Why are things returned? How are they returned? What things are returned? We also investigate reverse logistics’ application and its relationship with the vehicle-routing problem and information technology. Finally, we study the quantitative models in this area.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with worsening physical function and a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions. In particular, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in individuals with OA than the general population. Limitations in physical function may be one pathway to the development of CVD among individuals with OA. This study evaluated associations of symptomatic knee OA (sxKOA), baseline physical function and worsening of function over time with self-reported incident CVD in a community-based cohort.
Herein we report the covalent functionalization of multiwall carbon nanotubes by grafting sulfanilic acid and their dispersion into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone). The nanocomposites were explored as an option for tuning the proton and electron conductivity, swelling, water and alcohol permeability aiming at nanostructured membranes and electrodes for application in alcohol or hydrogen fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. The nanocomposites were extensively characterized, by studying their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. They were processed as self-supporting films with high mechanical stability, proton conductivity of 4.47×10−2 Scm−1 at 30°C and 16.8×10−2 Scm−1 at 80°C and 100% humidity level, electron conductivity much higher than for the plain polymer. The methanol permeability could be reduced to 1/20, keeping water permeability at reasonable values. The ratio of bound water also increases with increasing content of sulfonated filler, helping in keeping water in the polymer in conditions of low external humidity level.
In some aqueous-metal batteries or electrochemical parallel plate reactors, the spacing between the electrodes is controlled by a porous net. This net affects the limiting current distribution because it disrupts the parabolic laminar flow velocity distribution. Here, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations surrounding the inert net and the effect of the net geometry on the limiting current density is studied. The location, spacing, and number of the longitudinal and transverse ribs of the net are shown to affect the local and average current density distributions on each of the two electrodes. The effect of transverse ribs on the current distribution was found to be much higher than the longitudinal ribs. The results show that the longitudinal ribs decrease the local current density at the electrode which is not in contact and increase the current density the space between two adjacent longitudinal ribs at the electrode in contact. The transverse ribs on the other hand, increase the local current density to very high values at the electrode that is not in contact. The current density, however, falls along the flow direction as it exits the transverse-ribs region. These effects were observed to be mainly due to the changes in flow field distribution. A deviation of −40% was observed for a system of 4 longitudinal ribs and no transverse ribs at the non-dimensional axial position 0.06. For 2 transverse ribs, the deviation at the same axial position was approximately 250% of the local current density. All the results are for a net with a spacing of 0.94 × 10−3 m.
The token economy is a treatment intervention based on principles of operant conditioning and social learning. Developed in the 1950s and 1960s for long-stay hospital patients, the token economy has fallen out of favor since that time. The current review was undertaken as part of the 2003 update of the schizophrenia treatment recommendations of the Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT). A total of 13 controlled studies of the token economy were reviewed. As a group, the studies provide evidence of the token economy's effectiveness in increasing the adaptive behaviors of patients with schizophrenia. Most of the studies are limited, however, by methodological shortcomings and by the historical context in which they were performed. More research is needed to determine the specific benefits of the token economy when administered in combination with contemporary psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments.
The preparation of hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolytes, consisting of 70 wt% of Li+ cation conducting Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and 30 wt% of P(EO)15LiTFSI polymer electrolyte, through a solvent-free procedure is reported. The LLZO-P(EO)15LiTFSI hybrid electrolytes exhibit remarkable improvement in terms of flexibility and processability with respect to pure LLZO ceramic electrolytes. The physicochemical and electrochemical investigation shows the effect of LLZO annealing, resulting in ion conduction gain. However, slow charge transfer at the ceramic-polymer interface is also observed especially at higher temperatures. Nevertheless, improved compatibility with lithium metal anodes and good Li stripping/plating behavior are exhibited by the LLZO-P(EO)15LiTFSI hybrid electrolytes with respect to P(EO)15LiTFSI.