batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposited thin films of manganese dioxide, prepared using chronoamperometry on a platinum substrate in an electrolyte of MnSO4 in H2SO4, possess a significantly higher capacitance compared to the literature materials (>2000Fg−1 which is at least a 250% increase in performance) when cycled over a 0.8V potential window in an aqueous electrolyte of 0.5M Na2SO4. This excellent performance is discussed in terms of the manganese dioxide electrodeposition mechanism, in particular the growth mechanism under the preferred slow mass transport of electro-active species, and its effects on morphology. Furthermore, the origin of the enhanced capacitance is discussed, in which case we have proposed arises from contributions made by hydroxyl groups on the manganese dioxide nano-particulate surface, in addition to the fast redox reactions that are necessary for pseudo-capacitance.
Lithium metal is among the most sought-after anode chemistries for next-generation electrical energy storage due to its high theoretical capacity (3860mAhg−1) and low reduction potential (− 3.04V vs S.H.E.). To realize its promise, reactive Li anodes must be paired with high-energy conversion cathodes, such as sulfur or oxygen. Chemical and physical instability at both electrodes pose formidable challenges to development of practical lithium metal batteries. These instabilities are compounded by problems with active material loss and anode passivation when Li is paired with conversion cathodes, such as elemental sulfur. Here, we report on design principles and a process for creating artificial solid electrolyte interphases composed of ionic shields that are able to stabilize electrochemical processes at both the anode and cathode of Li-S electrochemical cells. We show that ASEI composed of negatively-charged nanoparticles on Li stabilize deposition of Li at the anode by multiple fundamental mechanisms. A similar concept is used to design interphases composed of positively charged conductive nanoparticles at the cathode and shown to be effective at intercepting dissolved polysulfide anions and for enhancing sulfur reutilization. We combine the two ASEI design strategies to create Li-S cells based on high-loading sulfur cathodes and demonstrate their long-term cycling stability.
Two novel metal–organic coordination polymers with the formulas [Zn(btdc)(2,2′-bpy)] n (1) and {[Cd2(btdc)2(2,2′-bpy)]·DMF} n (2) have been solvothermally synthesized by the assembly of mixed ligands, H2btdc and 2,2′-bpy with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, respectively, where H2btdc=2,2′-bithiophene-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′-bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, and DMF= N,N′-dimethylformamide. Complex 1 is composed with one-dimensional (1D) infinite zigzag polymeric coordination chains, which are further stacked into 3D supramolecular architecture by π–π stacking interaction. Complex 2 possesses 2D layers with the thickness about 1.2nm, these layers forming a 3D network through π–π stacking interactions. In complex 1, the btdc ligand exists in stable trans conformation and the conformation of btdc ligand in complex 2 is of both trans and cis. Furthermore, these two complexes show enhanced fluorescent emission in comparison with H2btdc ligand.
Objective To compare clinical, laboratory, lifestyle, and sociodemographic parameters and cardiac risk in antipsychotic-treated patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study in which 117 psychiatrists recruited antipsychotic-treated outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder. MS was diagnosed when 3 or more of the following criteria were met: waist circumference >102 cm (men)/>88 cm (women); serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl; HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl (men)/<50 mg/dl (women); blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dl. The 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risk was assessed by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) function (CV mortality) and the Framingham function (any-CV-event). Results 1452 evaluable patients (863 men, 60.9%), aged 40.7±12.2 years and with a mean duration of illness of 15.5±10.8 years (mean±SD), were included. MS was present in 24.6% [23.6% (men), 27.2% (women); p =0.130]. Overall 10-year risks were 0.9±1.9 (SCORE) and 7.2±7.6 (Framingham). Coronary heart disease (CHD) 10-year risk was higher in MS patients: 6.6% vs 2.8% showed high/very-high CV mortality risk (SCORE≥3%), and 44.2% vs 12.9% high/very-high CV event risk (Framingham≥10%) (p <0.001). MS patients also had more psychopathology (PANSS) and greater severity (CGI). Conclusions MS is highly prevalent in antipsychotic-treated patients and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and psychopathology.
This paper develops a simple but innovative integrated optimization approach (IOA) for deriving the best solutions of component sizing and control strategies of a hybrid energy system (HES) which consists of a lithium battery and a supercapacitor module. To implement IOA, a multiple for-loop structure with a preset cost function is needed to globally calculate the best hybridization and energy management of the HES. For system hybridization, the optimal size ratio is evaluated by maximizing the HES energy stored capacity at various costs. For energy management, the optimal power distribution combined with a three-mode rule-based strategy is searched to minimize the total consumed energy. Combining above two for-loop structures and giving a time-dependent test scenario, the IOA is derived by minimizing the accumulated HES power. Simulation results show that 6% of the total HES energy can be saved in the IOA case compared with the original system in two driving cycles: ECE and UDDS, and two vehicle weights, respectively. It proves that the IOA effectively derives the maximum energy storage capacity and the minimum energy consumption of the HES at the same time. Experimental verification will be carried out in the near future.
The pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is not completely understood. Current concepts of the pathophysiology propose that it is a network disorder involving the basal ganglia, cerebellum and sensorimotor cortex. These structures are primarily concerned with sensorimotor control but are also involved in non-motor functioning such as the processing of information related to the chemical senses. This overlap lets us hypothesize a link between cervical dystonia and altered sense of smell and taste. To prove this hypothesis and to contribute to the better understanding of cervical dystonia, we assessed olfactory and gustatory functioning in 40 adults with idiopathic cervical dystonia and 40 healthy controls. The Sniffin Sticks were used to assess odor threshold, discrimination and identification. Furthermore, the Taste Strips were applied to assess the combined taste score. Motor and non-motor deficits of cervical dystonia including neuropsychological and psychiatric alterations were assessed as cofactors for regression analyses. We found that cervical dystonia subjects had lower scores than healthy controls for odor threshold (5.8 ± 2.4 versus 8.0 ± 3.2; p = 0.001), odor identification (11.7 ± 2.3 versus 13.1 ± 1.3; p = 0.001) and the combined taste score (9.5 ± 2.2 versus 11.7 ± 2.7; p < 0.001), while no difference was found in odor discrimination (12.0 ± 2.5 versus 12.9 ± 1.8; p = 0.097). Regression analysis suggests that age is the main predictor for olfactory decline in subjects with cervical dystonia. Moreover, performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a predictor for gustatory decline in cervical dystonia subjects. Findings propose that cervical dystonia is associated with diminished olfactory and gustatory functioning.
A worm-like mesoporous structured iron-based fluoride (Fe1.9F4.75·0.95H2O) is successfully synthesized for the first time by a rapid microwave irradiation heating route using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4) as fluorine source and iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) as iron source. By controlling the amount of ionic liquid, a series of nanostructured iron-based fluoride materials with different morphologies are obtained. A possible formation mechanism related to the role of the ionic liquid is proposed. The electrochemical performances of the worm-like mesoporous structured iron-based fluoride as cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries are investigated. A high discharge plateau around 2.7 V at the first cycle, a reversible discharge capacity as high as 145 mAh g−1 at a current density of 14 mA g−1 and a good rate performance with a high rate capacity of 125 mAh g−1 even at 71 mA g−1 are obtained.
Fins are surface extensions used to increase the rate of heat transfer from a heated surface to the surrounding cooler fluid or from a heated fluid to the surface. In this article, we describe new families of straight and pin fins for which the temperature distribution along the fin as well as fin effectiveness and efficiency can be computed in closed form. The profile of the new straight fin is a circular arc centered on the fin’s longitudinal axis, while the profile of the new pin fin is a more complex concave parametric curve. Although the pattern of temperature distribution in these fins is remarkably similar to that in the classic straight and pin fins of constant thickness, the geometry of the new fins is strikingly different; in particular, the maximum length of the new fins is finite. We also discovered that both classic fins of constant thickness and novel fins described in this work have the following equivalence property: if the ratio of the heat transfer coefficient on the fin’s tip to that on the lateral surface is not too high, then the temperature distribution for a fin with a non-adiabatic boundary condition at the tip is identical to that for a longer fin of the same kind with adiabatic tip. Our analysis of heat transfer by fins is only based on standard homogeneity, steady-state, and one-dimensionality assumptions. In particular, we completely dispense with the “length-of-arc” assumption that underlies most of the previous works.
A novel flexible and lightweight Fe2O3-based lithium-ion battery anode has been developed by growing porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods onto carbon nanotubes–graphene foam (CNT–GF). The CNT–GF 3D network provides a highly conductive, high surface areas and lightweight scaffold for the active Fe2O3 nanorods. Such unique electrodes for lithium-ion battery exhibit an 80% initial columbic efficiency, high-rate capabilities, and >1000mAh/g capacities at 200mA/g up to 300 cycles without obvious fading. These properties can be attributed to the fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and electron transport rendered by the conductive 3D network. Our structural design protocol can be extended to many other nanostructured metal oxides or sulfides, and thus provides a new strategy for construction of high-performance electrodes for energy storage.
Hollow carbonized polypyrrole (PPy) spheres are synthesized using poly(methyl methacrylate–ethyl acrylate–acrylic acid) latex spheres as sacrificial templates. The hollow spherical carbonized PPy/sulfur composite cathode materials are prepared by heating the mixture of hollow carbonized PPy spheres and element sulfur at 155 °C for 24 h. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show the hollow structures of the carbonized PPy spheres and the homogeneous distribution of sulfur on the carbonized PPy shells. The hollow spherical carbonized PPy/sulfur composite with 60.9 wt.% S shows high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability when used as the cathode materials in lithium/sulfur cells, whose initial specific discharge capacity reaches as high as 1320 mA h g−1 and the reversible discharge capacity retains 758 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.2C. The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the hollow structures and the flexible shells of the carbonized PPy spheres.
Spinel lithium manganese oxide, LiMn2O4, prepared by the sol–gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent under different (i) pH conditions, (ii) molar ratio of citric acid to total metal ion, (iii) amount of water, (iv) calcination temperature, and (vi) starting materials. The effects of various synthetic parameters on the purity of this oxide are analysed by means of X-ray diffraction measurements. The results show that pure LiMn2O4 can be prepared from nitrate salts as starting materials at a low temperature of 600°C. The optimum pH and molar ratio of chelating agent to total metal ions are 6.0 and 1.0, respectively.
China has a big population and all countryside are being urbanized recently, more and more buildings are being built with careful considerations of energy saving. Building integrated energy systems are thought to be of priority importance. There are extended energy storage researches and developments for buildings, such as building materials for stabilization of room temperature using the daily and night temperature difference in north China, desiccant materials integrated with buildings used for constant relative humidity control in south China. Solar thermal energy storage using specialized design of hot water tank, phase change materials (PCMs) or pebble stones have been well studied and demonstrated, whereas chemical energy storage capability had been also considered with potential applications. The development of electric battery storage for Photovoltaic (PV) is also highlighted as it is a good opportunity for smart grid development. In modern commercial building, uninterruptible power supplies using rechargeable battery packs and thermal energy storage are currently two of the most common applications for energy storage, while other storage technologies are still at the research stage. The above development of building integrated energy storage opportunities in China are described and analyzed, some demonstration projects are shown in this paper.
The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the importance of electricity production models based on the environmental impacts from a brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to compare the environmental burdens of a BWRO plant with three different electricity production models in the United States, Singapore, and Spain. Input and output flows of BWRO plants are based on a study done by Munoz; life cycle inventories (LCIs) for the United States and Spain are adopted from Ecoinvent Database, while LCI for the Singapore electricity supply scheme is developed for the first time. The results highlight Singapore, the country with unique fuel mixes for electricity generation, achieves relatively better environmental savings in most impact categories at the current stage due to a high percentage of natural gas in the fossil fuel matrix. Results from uncertainty analysis further recognize the significance of this advantage. Furthermore, the results indicate the antiscalant application, power plant efficiency, and fuel exploration and production are also highly associated with the environmental performance of BWRO plant in certain categories. This work provides the first reference to conduct LCA of BWRO plant in Southeast Asia. It also provides a good reference for potential strategies to relieve environmental impacts of the RO desalination process.
Novel polymer-in-ionic liquid electrolytes (PILEs) have been developed for solid state electrochemical actuators based on polypyrrole. The active polymer electrodes are readily oxidized/reduced without degradation in the PILE. It was found that the actuator cycle life is significantly enhanced in the PILE as is the ‘shelf life’ of the device.
The major hurdle of room temperature sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) for large-scale energy storage applications lies in developing new electrode materials with higher energy/power densities and improved durability. This work presents a novel Na-P3/Li2MnO3 layered composite cathode with an alternating heteroepitaxial nanostructure fabricated by an in-situ composition modulation route. XRD structural refinement, synchrotron XAS and aberration-corrected HAADF-/ABF-STEM were employed to understand the structure evolution accompanying Li substitution. It is revealed that the in-situ formation of Li2MnO3 (Li-O’3) changes the crystallographic and chemical features of the neighboring Na-P3 layered matrix significantly and leads to the alternating Na-P3/Li-O’3 heteroepitaxial nanostructure. This alternating heteroepitaxial nanostructure delivers an extremely high reversible capacity of ~ 210 mAh g−1 between 1.5 and 4.5V vs. Na/Na+, much improved cycling stability and excellent electrode kinetics. Its enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the effective suppression of the P3-P3’’ phase transition and subsequent amorphization upon cycling to 4.5V.
Silicon (Si) has attracted much attention as a promising anode material for Li ion battery because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential. However, Si has shown poor cycling behavior and reversibility, which result from its huge volume change and the following pulverization. In this study, an electrospinning method was adopted to synthesize Pitch-incorporated into Si/Carbon nanofibers (Si/Pitch CNFs), which has high crystalline carbon network compared to other Si/Carbon nanofibers without the carbon matrix obtained from the decomposition of pitch. We demonstrated that this high crystalline carbon network in the form of nanofiber has two kinds of merits: it not only reduced the diffusion length for Li ion transport thanks to its 1D morphology but also helped to tolerate high strain of Si and maintain electron transport throughout the entire electrode. As a result, Si/Pitch CNFs showed a greatly enhanced kinetic performance, even at 10C, thus showing its feasibility as a high-power material for future applications like electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS).
Modern, small-scale renewable energy technology has the potential to enable and sustain rural livelihoods, particularly in developing countries remote locations without access to the grid. Yet, the provision of rural energy to isolated communities might not achieve the desired long-term result unless its development is part of wider national policy geared to sustainable development and social equity. This article shows how a combination of technology and policy targeted at the improvement of livelihoods in rural areas is the best solution for maximising the capacity of renewable energy to deliver services. It pinpoints the transforming processes and the institutions participating in the delivery of energy technology. This work draws on the Cuban experience of renewable energy technology, that country’s efforts to improve quality of life for remote populations, and its pledge to promote environmental sustainability. Using a sustainable livelihoods approach, the results of a survey in a rural community are analysed in the framework of existing assets and policies. The article describes how it is not only local users who benefit from a comprehensive technical, social and environmental energy approach. The same governmental administration that promotes such services has much to gain from technology that works well, benefits the poor in remote locations and protects the environment within its larger policy promoting sustainable and egalitarian society.
Aiming at the development of a monolithic integrated all-solid-state self-rechargeable power unit, we perform a V-I characteristics compatibility study for the integration of such a device having a thin-film silicon multi-junction photovoltaic (PV) module and a thin-film solid Li//lithium phosphorus oxynitride//LiCoO2 battery. The battery and PV module are connected to mimic a monolithic module-to-storage cell device and the performance of this device in various temperature conditions has been tested. Few issues regarding the matching of the battery and PV module characteristics are identified for improvement. The concept of the integrated all-solid-state PV-battery solution appears viable especially in three-terminal device configuration.
An adequate theory of happiness or subjective well-being (SWB) needs to link at least three sets of variables: stable person characteristics (including personality traits), life events and measures of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affects) and ill-being (anxiety, depression, negative affects). It also needs to be based on long-term data in order to account for long-term change in SWB. By including personality measures in the 2005 survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) became the first available dataset to provide long-term evidence about personality and change in one key measure of SWB, namely life satisfaction. Using these data, the paper suggests major revisions to the set-point theory of SWB; revisions which seek to account for long-term change. Previously, theory focused on evidence that individuals have their own set-point of SWB and revert to that set-point once the psychological impact of major life events has dissipated. But the new SOEP panel data show that significant minorities record substantial and apparently permanent upward or downward changes in life satisfaction. The paper aims to explain why most people’s SWB levels do not change, but why a minority do. The main new result, which must be regarded as tentative until replicated, is that the people most likely to record large changes in life satisfaction are those who score high on the personality traits of extraversion (E) and/or neuroticism (N). These people in a sense ‘roll the dice’ more often than others and so have a higher than average probability of recording long-term changes. Data come from the 3130 SOEP respondents who rated their life satisfaction every year from 1985 onwards, among whom 2843 also completed a set of questions about their personality in 2005.
Inattentive behavior is considered a core and pervasive feature of ADHD; however, an alternative model challenges this premise and hypothesizes a functional relationship between working memory deficits and inattentive behavior. The current study investigated whether inattentive behavior in children with ADHD is functionally related to the domain-general central executive and/or subsidiary storage/rehearsal components of working memory. Objective observations of children’s attentive behavior by independent observers were conducted while children with ADHD (n = 15) and typically developing children (n = 14) completed counterbalanced tasks that differentially manipulated central executive, phonological storage/rehearsal, and visuospatial storage/rehearsal demands. Results of latent variable and effect size confidence interval analyses revealed two conditions that completely accounted for the attentive behavior deficits in children with ADHD: (a) placing demands on central executive processing, the effect of which is evident under even low cognitive loads, and (b) exceeding storage/rehearsal capacity, which has similar effects on children with ADHD and typically developing children but occurs at lower cognitive loads for children with ADHD.