batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
Existing instruments for measuring mobility are inadequate for accurately assessing older people across the broad spectrum of abilities. Like other indices that monitor critical aspects of health such as blood pressure tests, a mobility test for all older acute medical patients provides essential health data. We have developed and validated an instrument that captures essential information about the mobility status of older acute medical patients.
The present study examined preschool neuropsychological measures as predictors of school-age attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants included 168 children (91 males) who completed neuropsychological measures at ages 3 and 4, and who were evaluated for ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder at age 6. The Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT), NEPSY Statue subtest, and a delay aversion task significantly distinguished at-risk children who later did and did not meet criteria for ADHD, with poor to fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity. However, only the K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index and battery added incremental predictive validity beyond early ADHD symptoms. This battery approach, which required impairment on at least 2 of the 3 significant measures, yielded fair overall predictive power, specificity, and sensitivity, and correctly classified 67 % of children. In addition, there was some support for the specificity hypothesis, with evidence that cool executive function measures (K-CPT and Statue subtest) tended to predict inattentive symptoms. These findings suggest that neuropsychological deficits are evident by preschool-age in children with ADHD, but neuropsychological tests may still misclassify approximately one-third of children if used alone. Thus, neuropsychological measures may be a useful component of early ADHD assessments, but should be used with caution and in combination with other assessment methods.
Energy storage technologies provide an alternative solution to the problem of balancing power generation and power consumption. Redox flow cells are designed to convert and store electrical energy into chemical energy and release it in a controlled fashion when required. Many redox couples and cell designs have being evaluated. In this paper, redox flow systems are compared in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency and charge-discharge behaviour. The key advantages and disadvantages of redox flow cells are considered while areas for further research are highlighted.
Solid polymer electrolytes are promising candidates to replace the extensively used flammable liquid electrolytes in lithium batteries. However, pure polymer electrolytes seldom meet practical requirements because of their relatively low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties. Herein, we report a garnet (Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12, LLZTO)-doped composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) membrane for high performance lithium batteries. The CPE is composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEGMA) polymer with the addition of ceramic particles LLZTO. It not only has high ionic conductivity of 1.00 × 10−3 S cm−1 after the activation of liquid electrolyte at room temperature, but also surprisingly restrains the growth of Li dendrites. Its electrochemical stability window is up to 4.7 V (vs. Li+/Li). Moreover, LiFePO4/Li batteries using the CPE exhibit excellent cycling performance and superior rate capability.
The rising adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) leads to the temporal alignment of their electricity and mobility demands. However, mobility demand has not yet been considered in electricity planning and management. Here, we present a method to estimate individual mobility of PEV drivers at fine temporal and spatial resolution, by integrating three unique datasets of mobile phone activity of 1.39 million Bay Area residents, census data and the PEV drivers survey data. Through coupling the uncovered patterns of PEV mobility with the charging activity of PEVs in 580,000 session profiles obtained in the same region, we recommend changes in PEV charging times of commuters at their work stations and shave the pronounced peak in power demand. Informed by the tariff of electricity, we calculate the monetary gains to incentivize the adoption of the recommendations. These results open avenues for planning for the future of coupled transportation and electricity needs using personalized data.
LiMn2O4 was examined as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, working together with a room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte, obtained by dissolution of solid lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf2) in liquid N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MePrPipNTf2), with the formation of a liquid LiNTf2–MePrPipNTf2 system. The Li/LiMn2O4 cell was tested by galvanostatic charging/discharging and by impedance spectroscopy. The LiMn2O4 cathode showed good cyclability and Coulombic efficiency in the presence of 10wt.% of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to the ionic liquid. The flash point of the LiNTf2–MePrPipNTf2–VC(10%) electrolyte was estimated to be above 300°C.
Cadmium-induced cellular toxicity has been related to necrosis and/or caspase-dependent apoptosis. In the present study, we show that, on cadmium exposure, the human hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cells undergo caspase-independent apoptosis associated with nuclear translocation of endonuclease G and apoptosis-inducing factor, two mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins. Release of these proteins is likely related to calcium-induced alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis. Indeed, it was first preceded by a rapid and sustained increase in cytoplasmic calcium and then by a coincident loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. Bapta-AM (acetoxymethyl ester of 5, 5′-dimethyl-bis (o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid), a calcium chelator, blocked all these events and prevented cadmium-induced apoptosis. Production of reactive oxygen species was inhibited by ruthenium red and rotenone, two mitochondrial inhibitors, and by diphenyleneiodonium, a flavoprotein inhibitor, which also prevented both loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. In addition, Bapta-AM and diphenyleneiodonium were found to almost totally block decreased expression of the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic nuclear factor-κB-regulated bcl-xL protein in cadmium-treated cells. Taken together, our results show that cadmium induces Hep3B cells apoptosis mainly by calcium- and oxidative stress-related impairment of mitochondria, which probably favors release of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G.
Harvesting multi-mode energies from our living environment is an effective approach for solving the power source issue of the sensors and some personal electronics. Usually, the mechanical, thermal, and solar energies can be extensively found in our living environment. However, these energies are not always available at the same time, which is depending on the weather, working conditions, and some other cases. The concept of a hybrid energy cell is to develop a technology to individually or simultaneously scavenge multi-mode energies from environment, so that the sensors or other devices can sustainably work without the external power sources. In this article, we review the investigations about the hybrid energy cells that include the energy harvesting units such as the piezoelectric nanogenerator, triboelectric nanogenerator, pyroelectric nanogenerator, thermoelectric generator and solar cells. The fabricated hybrid energy cells have been utilized to light up some electronics and for some self-powered electro-chemical applications. The obtained energies can be also stored in Li-ion battery, where the hybrid structure between the nanogenerator and the Li-ion battery exhibits the better charging performance than that of the conventional charging method. These investigations are of critical importance for sensing, medical science, environmental monitoring, defense technology, and even personal electronics.
The chemical phenomena occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces profoundly determine the cycle behavior of a lithium ion battery. In this work, we report that silicon-based anodes can attain enhanced levels of capacity retention, rate performance and lifespan when a versatile protective layer of, F-doped anatase (TiO2−xFx), is applied towards taming the interfacial chemistry of the silicon particles. With careful choice of titanium fluoride as a precursor, internal voids can be generated upon in-situ fluoride etching of the native oxide layer and are used to alleviate the mechanical stress caused by volume expansion of silicon during cycling. In the course of F-doping, part of the Ti4+(d0) ions in anatase are reduced to Ti3+(d1), thereby increasing charge carriers in the crystal structure. Hence, the multifunctional F-doped TiO2−x coating, not only minimizes the direct exposure of the Si surface to the electrolyte, but also improves the electronic conductivity via inter-valence electron hopping. The best-performing composite electrode, Si@TiO2−xFx-3, delivered a satisfactory performance in both half-cell and full-cell configurations. Furthermore, we present a study of 1) the Si valence change at the buried interface using synchrotron based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 2) the phase transformation of the electrode monitored in operando using X-ray diffraction. Based on these characterizations, we observe that the Li+ conducting intermediate phase (LixTiO2−xFx) formed inside the surface coating enables deep lithiation and delithiation of the silicon during battery operation, and thus increase the capacity that can be accessed from the electrodes.
A new type of non-aqueous redox couple without carbon additives for flow batteries is proposed and the target anolyte chemistry is demonstrated. The so-called “Solid Dispersion Redox Couple” incorporates solid electroactive materials dispersed in organic lithium-ion battery electrolyte as its flowing suspension. In this work, a unique and systematic characterization approach has been used to study the flow battery redox couple in half cell demonstrations relative to a lithium electrode. An electrolyte laden with Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has been characterized in multiple specially designed lithium half cell configurations. The flow battery redox couple described in this report has relatively low viscosity, especially in comparison to other flow batteries with solid active materials. The lack of carbon additive allows characterization of the electrochemical properties of the electroactive material in flow without the complication of conductive additives and unambiguous observation of the electrorheological coupling in these dispersed particle systems.
Expectations held by patients and health professionals may affect treatment choices and participation (by both patients and health professionals) in therapeutic interventions in contemporary patient-centered healthcare environments. If patients in rehabilitation settings overestimate their discharge health-related quality of life, they may become despondent as their progress falls short of their expectations. On the other hand, underestimating their discharge health-related quality of life may lead to a lack of motivation to participate in therapies if they do not perceive likely benefit. There is a scarcity of empirical evidence evaluating whether patients’ expectations of future health states are accurate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy with which older patients admitted for subacute in-hospital rehabilitation can anticipate their discharge health-related quality of life.
Fibers connecting fronto-temporal and fronto-medial structures that pass through the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) subserve executive and psychomotor functioning. Both of these functions are adversely affected in schizophrenia, and may be abnormal at illness onset. In a study of first-episode psychosis, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognitive testing to examine ALIC integrity. Fourteen early psychosis patients and 29 healthy volunteers were included. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS). All structural and diffusion scans were acquired on a GE Signa 1.5T scanner. A T1-weighted 3D FSPGR Inversion Recovery imaging series was acquired for manual seeding in structural space. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed, and all DTI images were co-registered to structural space. Seeds were manually drawn bilaterally on the coronal plane at a specified location. Diffusion images were post-processed for subsequent Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis. First-episode psychosis patients had significantly smaller fronto-medial and fronto-temporal AIC tract volumes compared to healthy volunteers on the left and the right (p-values<0.04). No differences in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) were seen within either left or right tracts (p-values>0.05), nor did TBSS reveal any other differences in FA values between groups in other regions. Relationships between tract volumes and symptom severity were not observed in this study.
To simulate lead-acid battery (LAB) charging has never been an easy task due to the influences of: (1) secondary reactions that involve gas evolution and recombination and grid corrosion, (2) prior end-of-discharge (EOD) and rest conditions; and (3) complexity caused by charging algorithm. In this work, successful results have been obtained with considerations of internal oxygen cycle and gas phase in the valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) cells. The success is first attributed to the satisfactory validation of a mathematical model that has been able to simulate discharge regimes with various rates consistently. The model has been subsequently used to simulate a galvanostatic charge regime performed at C/10. The results give a better understanding of the role each electrode played in the polarization, the nature of the polarization (constituted by reaction kinetics and mass transport), and the charging efficiency. We were able to extrapolate the simulation results to rates beyond what the model has been validated for, and the results are still consistent, confirming some experimental observations, notably the maximum charging rate specified by most LAB manufacturers.
Thin films of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) have been reproducibly electrodeposited on conductive substrates according to two different potentiostatic methods, here denoted as A and B. For both methods two consecutive steps are involved, the first being the electrodeposition of a thin Cu layer, the second its partial dissolution and formation of CuHCF in presence of hexacyanoferrate anion, giving as result a two layers film (CuHCF on Cu metal). The main difference, instead, consists in the applied potential values and their application times, featuring Method A lower potentials but longer processing times. Structural insights have been achieved by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) measurements, from which we can deduce the presence of Prussian blue (PB) impurities in Method A, while Method B leads to a pure CuHCF phase. Two analytical applications have been considered, ion exchange and H2O2 sensing. Ion exchange has been first assayed and, although CuHCF-A shows a higher stability towards multivalent cations, CuHCF-B is suitable for small hydrated ions. PB impurities in CuHCF-A boost its sensing towards H2O2, making it more adapted to this employment.
We suggest a step-by-step approach to addressing issues of PROs in meta-analyses. Systematic reviewers should begin by asking themselves if trials have addressed all the important effects of treatment on patients’ quality of life. If the trials have addressed PROs, have investigators chosen the appropriate instruments? In particular, does evidence suggest the PROs used are valid and responsive, and is the review free of outcome reporting bias? Systematic reviewers must then decide how to categorize PROs and when to pool results.
Organic electrode materials offer a new opportunity to develop high energy/power density, low-cost, environmentally benign sodium ion batteries (SIBs). For many years this category of materials has not been considered as a potential electrode candidate for SIBs mainly because excessive research focused on inorganic materials due to their successful commercialization in the proven lithium ion battery (LIB) technologies. However, recently, many promising advancements have been made in the field of organic cathode and anode materials for SIB applications. This review for the first time consolidates and provides insights into the different sodium storage mechanisms observed in various categories of organic electrode materials. We believe that the fundamental understanding of the redox mechanisms that govern the electrochemical performances of SIBs is necessary to design new materials/electrodes and is beneficial for enhancing the existing properties of investigated compounds.
Conventional positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, such as intercalation and conversion compounds, feature a host structure to reversibly insert and conduct lithium ions. Now, electrochemically activated transition metal oxide-lithium fluoride composite materials are shown to be a promising class of positive electrodes.
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly experienced by individuals with non-central nervous system cancers throughout the disease and treatment trajectory. CRCI can have a substantial impact on the functional ability and quality of life of patients and their families. To mitigate the impact, oncology providers must know how to identify, assess, and educate patients and caregivers. The objective of this review is to provide oncology clinicians with an overview of CRCI in the context of adults with non-central nervous system cancers, with a particular focus on current approaches in its identification, assessment, and management.
Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention particularly in large-scale electric energy storage applications for renewable energy and smart grid because of the huge abundant sodium resources and low cost. In this article, a variety of electrode materials including cathodes and anodes as well as electrolytes for room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. We compare the difference in storage behavior between Na and Li in their analogous electrodes and summarize the sodium storage mechanisms in the available electrode materials. This review also includes some new results from our group and our thoughts on developing new materials. Some perspectives and directions on designing better materials for practical applications are pointed out based on knowledge from the literature and our experience. Through this extensive literature review, the search for suitable electrode and electrolyte materials for stationary sodium-ion batteries is still challenging. However, after intensive research efforts, we believe that low-cost, long-life and room-temperature sodium-ion batteries would be promising for applications in large-scale energy storage system in the near future.
In this paper, porous Ni-substituted Co3O4 (ternary NiCo2O4) nanowires are synthesized via a simple microemulsion technique combined with a post thermal treatment. The as-prepared NiCo2O4 exhibits porous one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, which preserves the morphology of the precursor. Moreover, the NiCo2O4 nanowires possess large surface area (53.6m2 g−1), pore volume (0.241cm3 g−1) and pore size (16.5nm). The porous 1D nanostructures and large surface area have huge benefits for practical applications in supercapacitors. Due to the well-aligned 1D nanowire microstructure and a higher electrical conductivity, these ternary NiCo2O4 electrodes possess high specific capacities of 1197Fg−1 at 1Ag−1 and capacitance retentions of 625Fg−1 at 8Ag−1. After 2000 cycles, the NiCo2O4 electrode can maintain 91.4% of its highest value, which demonstrates its superior cyclic stability performance. Also, the NiCo2O4 electrode exhibits high capacity retention when fast charging. These results show that the porous NiCo2O4 nanowires may be a promising electrode material for high performance electrochemical capacitors.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of heavy metal pollution in the urban pond near to the coal mining region (India). The water, sediment, and fish samples were collected and analysed to assess the associated health risk. In the sediment, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. The estimated daily dietary intake (EDI) for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were calculated for adults and children on the basis of an average amount of fish consumed by the Indian people. The associated health hazard with the consumption of fish from the urban pond was also assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the muscles of Labeo rohita were found to be 0.33, 0.26, 0.19, and 3.9 mg kg−1, respectively. The observed metal concentrations in the fish muscles were higher than the limits set by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and World Health Organisation (WHO) except for Cd and Hg. The values of THQs were found to be maximum for Hg (3.31) followed by As (1.93), Pb (1.7), and Cd (0.26) in the case of children. The results indicate that the concentrations of Hg, As, and Pb are at an alarming stage and present a high health risk condition especially in the case of children.
Pyrolysis gradually becomes a promising green method to dispose the sewage sludge who has brought serious problems to environment. In this study, hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres are directly obtained by specific carbonization/activation procedures using sewage sludge as the only precursor for the first time. The resultant carbon possesses tailor-made hierarchically porous structure with larger surface area (1518.40 m2 g−1), high pore volume (1.21 cm3 g−1), and rich oxygenic functional groups, which is favorable for lithium ion diffusion and can better enhance the ionic conductivity in an electrode system. As anode for li-ion battery, the carbon displays superior discharge capacity, which reaches 1168.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 287.1 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. And the capacitance retention is 98.7% over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Therefore, it is anticipated that such a pollutants-derived carbon can facilitate the development of new green and sustainable pathways for the construction and design of well-defined porous carbon nanospheres to ease energy and environmental issues.
The composite of fluorine-doped SnO2 anchored on reduced graphene oxide (F-SnO2/rGO) has been synthesized through a hydrothermal method. F-SnO2 particles with average size of 8 nm were uniformly anchored on the surfaces of rGO sheets and the resulting composite had a high loading of F-SnO2 (ca. 90%). Benefiting from the remarkably improved electrical conductivity and Li-ion diffusion in the electrode by F doping and rGO incorporation, the composite material exhibited high reversible capacity, excellent long-term cycling stability and superior rate capability. The electrode delivered a large reversible capacity of 1037 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and high rate capacities of 860 and 770 mAh g−1 at 1 and 2 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, the electrode could maintain a high reversible capacities of 733 mAh g−1 even after 250 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized composite make it a promising anode material for high-energy lithium ion batteries.