batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
All previous versions of Microsoft Excel until Excel 2007 have been criticized by statisticians for several reasons, including the accuracy of statistical functions, the properties of the random number generator, the quality of statistical add-ins, the weakness of the Solver for nonlinear regression, and the data graphical representation. Until recently Microsoft did not make an attempt to fix all the errors in Excel and was still marketing a product that contained known errors. We provide an update of these studies given the recent release of Excel 2010 and we have added OpenOffice.org Calc 3.3 and Gnumeric 1.10.16 to the analysis, for the purpose of comparison. The conclusion is that the stream of papers, mainly in Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, has started to pay off: Microsoft has partially improved the statistical aspects of Excel, essentially the statistical functions and the random number generator.
This study examines the relation between neurologic, behavioral, and performance indicators of attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Twenty-three males age nine to 11 years with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder, including symptoms of hyperactivity, and 23 matched controls served as participants. Differences between groups were investigated using referential 19-channel quantitative electroencephalogram, behavioral rating scale data, and continuous performance test data. Results from the behavioral data were consistent with previous research. Behavioral ratings for participants with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder were significantly more negative than controls. Control participants performed significantly better on the continuous performance test, with fewer errors, faster reaction times, and less variability in reaction time. Electroencephalogram results indicated differences between participants with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder and control participants primarily in the alpha bandpass, with evidence of increased alpha in posterior regions during baseline for the group with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Additionally, participants with attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder manifested decreased alpha in left frontal regions when reading. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in electroencephalographic data as a function of degree of hyperactivity, as well as the impact of task specificity on the electroencephalogram.
Low sulfur utilization and poor cycling stability are two major factors that currently impede the wide-spread commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, sulfur-rich side chains are anchored onto Schiff-base copolymer of thiourea aldehyde resin (cp (S-TAR)) nanosheets via inverse vulcanization to form a large number of intermolecular crosslinkers as well as mesopores. Application of the resultant copolymer as a cathode material in Li-S batteries can not only provide abundant porous channels for Li+ diffusion but also significantly alleviate the dissolution of polysulfides by chemical confinement through the covalent bonds between sulfur-rich side chains and TAR. With this novel polymer cathode, a Li-S battery prototype is constructed which can operate at 1 C for over 500 charge-discharge cycles at nearly 99% coulombic efficiency, showing an ultralow cyclic fading rate of 0.045% per cycle, and an outstanding high-rate response of up to 5 C. The present strategy demonstrates the great potential of using highly crosslinked organosulfur copolymers as high-performance polymer cathode materials for low-cost, high-energy density Li-S batteries.
Against the backdrop of an aging world population increasingly affected by a diverse range of abilities and disabilities as well as the rise of ubiquitous computing and digital app cultures, this paper questions how mobile technologies mediate between heterogeneous environments and sensing beings. To approach the current technological manufacturing of the senses, two lines of thought are of importance: First, there is a need to critically reflect upon the concept of assistive technologies (AT) as artifacts providing tangible solutions for a specific disability. Second, the conventional distinction between user and environment requires a differentiated consideration. This contribution will first review James Gibson’s concept of “affordances” and modify this approach by introducing theories and methods of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Then, we present two case studies where we explore the relations between recent “assistive” app technologies and human sensory perception. As hearing and seeing are key in this regard, we concentrate on two specific media technologies: ReSound LINX2, a hearing aid which allows for direct connect (via Bluetooth) with iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch, and Camassia, an IOS app for sonic wayfinding for blind people. We emphasize the significance of dis-/abling practices for manufacturing novel forms of hearing and seeing and drawing on sources like promotional materials by manufacturers, ads, or user testimonials and reviews. Our analysis is interested in the reciprocal relationships between users and their socio-technical and media environments. By and large, this contribution will provide crucial insights into the contemporary entanglement of algorithm-driven technologies, daily practices, and sensing subjects: the production of techno-sensory arrangements.
Groundwater resources in Queensland (Australia) have been depleting in many aquifers for the last 100 years and natural recharge processes are not replenishing these resources at the rate of extraction. At the same time, the need to address carbon emissions to reach global climate-change targets is becoming increasingly recognised. Plentiful deep fresh groundwater is available but is difficult, and typically uneconomical, to access due to the high costs of borehole drilling and completion. The emerging concept of ‘enhanced water recovery’ (EWR) hypothesises that carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into the deep aquifers will increase pressure, making groundwater more easily available at shallower depths across a broad region while simultaneously contributing to a reduction in CO2 emissions. One example where this has been proposed is in the Great Artesian Basin’s Surat Basin in Queensland. The findings from a series of focus groups held with different stakeholders, including agricultural producers, rural residents, and urban residents, demonstrate how different groups perceived the risks and benefits of injecting CO2 as part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process to raise borehole water levels. The paper discusses the trade-offs that the different stakeholder groups found more acceptable. The significance of this research is that it will be the first to publish public responses to an emerging technology that has the potential to provide multiple benefits in terms of climate-change mitigation and groundwater use.
In recent years, battery storage systems have been widely studied in electrical networks. However, most of the studies have focused on active power in batteries. But, batteries can also produce or absorb reactive power. As well, impact of batteries on stability of the network has not been adequately addressed. Both the mentioned issues (i.e., reactive power and stability) make great impact on the battery utility such as ability of battery in energy management and power control. In order to overcome these shortcomings, current paper realizes a new control strategy on batteries for decoupled active-reactive power control. The proposed control strategy alters active power subject to constant reactive power and vice-versa. Two control loops are designed to control active and reactive powers. The control loops are equipped with PI controllers (i.e., tracking controllers). As well, both control loops of active and reactive powers are equipped with supplementary stabilizers (i.e., regulatory controllers). All controllers are simultaneously tuned by cultural-PSO-co-evolutionary (CPCE) algorithm. Several cases are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced strategy. It is verified that the proposed strategy is an efficient methodology to utilize battery storage systems and arising all abilities and benefits of the batteries at the same time.
The self-discharge mechanism of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4, investigated by electrochemical methods, is mostly attributed to oxidative electrolyte decomposition due to the high lithium (de-)insertion potentials, since the material insertion capacity appears to be fully reversible upon subsequent galvanostatic cycling. A series of 40 different compounds, such as for instance fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), or a variety of ionic liquids, was investigated as suitable electrolyte additives to form a stable LNMO/electrolyte interphase in order to prevent the self-discharge by the continuous oxidative electrolyte decomposition. Among these, only one compound, namely succinic anhydride, revealed to have a beneficial effect on the self-discharge of LNMO based cathodes, while showing an enhanced coulombic efficiency and a decreased capacity loss per cycle. Additionally, the modification of the LNMO particles surface by adding succinic anhydride to the electrolyte was confirmed by performing ex situ SEM and XPS analysis of galvanostatically cycled electrodes.
The new generation nebuliser PARI eFlow® rapid allows a highly efficient aerosol delivery at reduced inhalation time. However, lung function data during long-term use of this device are not available until now.
A simple and facile vapor-assisted hydrolysis route has been used to synthesize Al2O3-coated LiCoO2. The effects of Al2O3 coating on the structure and electrochemical performance have been systematically studied. After deposition of the Al2O3 coating, the crystal structure and morphology of LiCoO2 are maintained. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests show that Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 exhibits markedly improved capacity retention and rate capability at high charge voltage (4.5V). The Al2O3-coated LiCoO2 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 165.5mAh/g at 360mA/g, and the capacity retention is 98.6% after 180 cycles. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrate that the Al2O3 coating can slow the increase of charge-transfer resistance during cycling, which is in accord with the excellent electrochemical cycling performance of Al2O3-coated LiCoO2.
To examine whether higher adherence to Baltic Sea diet (BSD) and Mediterranean diet (MED) have beneficial association with sarcopenia indices in elderly women.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions or drug allergy is a form of serious adverse drug reaction with an immunological aetiology to otherwise safe and effective therapeutic agents. The use of certain classes of drugs (e.g., antibiotics, anti-convulsants and anti-retrovirals) is associated with a particular high frequency of reactions. The skin is the organ most commonly targeted in drug hypersensitivity reactions; however, other organs can be damaged in isolation or as part of a generalized hypersensitivity syndrome. Diverse epidemiological studies have been performed in order to estimate the incidence of drug hypersensitivity, but due to the heterogeneous presentation, different immunological mechanisms involved and the lack of simple and cost-effective in vitro tests to confirm a clinical diagnosis, the real incidence remains elusive. Furthermore, lack of knowledge relating to the way in which drugs interact with immune cells has hindered attempts to develop such tests. Nonetheless, during the last thirty years several groups have demonstrated that drug-responsive lymphocytes play a key role in the pathogenesis of most forms of this iatrogenic disease. This present review focus on (1) the cellular mechanism involved in drug hypersensitivity and (2) the biomarkers used to diagnose drug hypersensitivity. In addition, using our increasing knowledge of post-transcriptional immune regulators, such as microRNAs, we explored the possibility of identifying novel drug hypersensitivity biomarkers and their possible application in assays to diagnose drug hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible patients.
Cathode materials are the key component and bottleneck that hinders the development of lithium-ion batteries. This work reports the preparation of LiV3O8 nanorods with different levels of Nb doping through a sol-gel process and a subsequent electrospinning method. The electrochemical performance of LiV3O8 as a cathode material was enhanced significantly upon Nb doping. A capacity of 401 mAh g−1 at 0.1C (0.52 mAh cm−2) was observed for LiV2.94Nb0.06O8, which still retained a value of 91 mAh g−1 (0.12 mAh cm−2) at 20 C. The doped cathode also showed excellent cycling stability, retaining 99.7% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles of charge and discharge. The mechanisms for the performance enhancement were investigated using experimental techniques and theoretical analysis based on density functional theory (DFT). It was found the Nb doping could expand the lattice space, reduce the bandgap, increase the intrinsic conductivity, lower the energy barrier of the reaction and promote the absorption and release kinetics of Li-ions. Furthermore, the nanorod morphology which was obtained by electrospinning, could shorten the pathway of Li-ions and provide mechanical stability and is also responsible for the excellent performance.
A composite made of a mixed-valence sodium–vanadium fluorophosphate and 6.4% wt. carbon, Na3V2O2x (PO4)2F3−2x /C (0 < x < 1), has been prepared. Structural and magnetic characterization confirmed the +3/+4 oxidation state of vanadium in the phase. Morphological and texture analyses showed that carbon forms a network surrounding the particles, leading to a mesoporous composite with a high specific area of 67 m2 g−1. Electrochemical characterization conducted in Swagelok cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling indicated that sodium extraction/insertion proceeds through a complex mechanism in two voltage pseudo-plateaux at 3.6 and 4.1 V vs. Na/Na+. Rate capability of the material ranges from specific capacities of 100 mAh g−1 at C/20 to 75 mAh g−1 at 5C. Cycling stability at 1C showed coulombic efficiency higher than 99% and capacity retention of 95% after 200 cycles.
An in-depth study of morphology-controlled growth of manganese oxide nanostructures from acetate-containing aqueous solutions was carried out. By varying the deposition parameters, including solution composition, pH value, deposition temperature and current density, a series of manganese oxide nanostructures, including continuous coatings with equiaxed and fibrous features, petal- and flower-like morphologies, discrete oxide clusters, columnar structures and interconnected nanosheets, were anodically deposited on Au-coated glass. Detailed results on the morphology, chemistry and crystal structure of the as-deposited manganese oxide nanostructures suggest that the rich morphology of manganese oxide obtained is primarily determined by the influence of supersaturation ratio on reaction kinetics in the aqueous solutions. The electrochemical properties (specific capacitance, rate capacity and electrochemical impedance response) of manganese oxide nanostructures are carefully examined. The experimental results show that manganese oxide electrodes with oriented nanostructures, such as a columnar structure and an interconnected nanosheet architecture, exhibit enhanced electrochemcial performance by improving manganese oxide utilization.
SrLi2Ti6O14 is a novel lithium storage host material. In this work, a series of SrLi2Ti6O14 are prepared by a simple solid state reaction method at different calcination temperatures and then used as probable host materials for lithium storage. Evaluations of the electrochemical performance in combination with structural analysis suggest that the calcination temperature dramatically affects the phase purity, particle size and lithium storage capability of SrLi2Ti6O14. It can be found that the optimum calcination temperature for SrLi2Ti6O14 is 950°C. SrLi2Ti6O14 formed at 950°C exhibits the highest lithium storage capacity, the fastest lithium-ion diffusion behavior, the best cycling and rate properties among all the five samples. It reveals an initial charge capacity of 170.3mAhg−1 at the current density of 50mAg−1. After 50 cycles, the reversible capacity can be kept at 155.9mAhg−1 with excellent capacity retention of 91.9%. Even cycled at 300mAg−1, it still can deliver a charge capacity of 141.6mAhg−1. In contrast, the SrLi2Ti6O14 formed at 800°C can only deliver a reversible capacity of 71.5mAhg−1 at 300mAg−1. Besides, the electrochemical reaction mechanism between SrLi2Ti6O14 and Li is thoroughly investigated by various in-situ and ex-situ techniques. It is found that SrLi2Ti6O14 is a zero-strain compound for lithium storage. For the lithium storage process, Rietveld refinement results reveal that lithium ions occupy the 8c, 4b and 4a vacant sites in turns during the discharge process, and the stable framework ensures the structural reversibility during repeated cycles, which is important for SrLi2Ti6O14 as a probable host material for high performance lithium-ion batteries.
The oxidation of reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) and its impact on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in H2SO4 solutions has been studied. The results are compared with that of a planar glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The oxidation process was characterized by using different electrode configurations, GC (planar) and RVC electrodes both with flooded (batch process) and flow-through assembly. Cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic and rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry were used for the characterization of the ORR. Anodically oxidized GC and flooded RVC are similar in that the ORR on both electrodes gave a more defined limiting current plateau. For the flow-through porous electrode, the oxidation process caused a distribution of the oxidation extent within the bed thickness, as evident from the SEM images, and only about half of the porous electrode was utilized in the oxidation process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed the above distribution and a gradient of the oxygen-to-carbon ratio was obtained within the porous bed. Oxidation of RVC led to an enhancement of its electrocatalytic properties towards ORR. H2O2 production was tested at the oxidized RVC from flowing acid solutions. The oxidation of RVC resulted in higher current efficiencies and higher outlet concentrations of the H2O2 acid solutions.
This article presents a short review of the knowledge concerning carbon nano-onions, also known as onion-like carbon or multi-layered fullerenes. Currently, these nanostructures are some of the most fascinating carbon forms. We can only find approximately 2000 articles under the entry of “carbon onion” in the Web of Science. Surprisingly, there have been ∼40,000 citations since their discovery, and the interest in these nanostructures is still growing. In the last three years, 5000 citations per year have been reported. This means that researchers have noted the unusual nature of these carbon nanostructures. In this article, we review the most important literature reports in this area, which in a condensed way, present these nanostructures, their production methods, their unusual physical and chemical properties and their potential uses.
Synthetic biology is an emerging engineering discipline that, if successful, will allow well-characterized biological components to be predictably and reliably built into robust organisms that achieve specific functions. Fledgling efforts to design and implement a synthetic biology curriculum for undergraduate students have shown that the co-development of this emerging discipline and its future practitioners does not undermine learning. Rather it can serve as the lynchpin of a synthetic biology curriculum. Here I describe educational goals uniquely served by synthetic biology teaching, detail ongoing curricula development efforts at MIT, and specify particular aspects of the emerging field that must develop rapidly in order to best train the next generation of synthetic biologists.
A simple dry physical grinding and solvent mixing approach was used to prepare tin selenide – multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid as an anode material for high performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The pure tin selenide and their composites with carbon black or graphene oxides were previously reported, however no other groups have reported tin selenide/MWCNT composite as anode materials for LIBs. The new hybrid had superior electrochemical cycling performance with higher reversible (lithiation) capacity of 882 to 651mAhg−1 over 50 cycles compared to pure tin selenide (602 to 58 mAhg−1) or pure MWCNT (339 to 171 mAhg−1) electrodes. The enhanced performance of the tin selenide/MWCNT hybrid was attributed to various factors including alleviation of volume change of tin selenide during lithiation/delithiation by nanoscale network of MWCNT which helped to preserve the electrical connectivity between active particles, reversible decomposition of tin selenide, lithiation/delithiation of MWCNTs and conductive electronic transport pathways provided by MWCNTs.
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes have been isolated from numerous organisms including soybeans (Glycine max; GM-ALS) and catalyze the first common step in biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids. Expression of an ALS protein (GM-HRA) with two amino acid changes relative to native GM-ALS protein in genetically modified soybeans confers tolerance to herbicidal active ingredients and can be used as a selectable transformation marker. The safety assessment of the GM-HRA protein is discussed. Bioinformatics comparison of the amino acid sequence did not identify similarities to known allergenic or toxic proteins. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid degradation in simulated gastric fluid (<30s) and intestinal fluid (<1min). The enzymatic activity was completely inactivated at 50°C for 15min demonstrating heat lability. The protein expressed in planta is not glycosylated and genetically modified soybeans expressing the GM-HRA protein produced similar protein/allergen profiles as its non-transgenic parental isoline. No adverse effects were observed in mice following acute oral exposure at a dose of at least 436mg/kg of body weight or in a 28-day repeated dose dietary toxicity study at doses up to 1247mg/kg of body weight/day. The results demonstrate GM-HRA protein safety when used in agricultural biotechnology.
The microgrid concept has been closely investigated and implemented by numerous experts worldwide. The first part of this paper describes the principles of microgrid design, considering the operational concepts and requirements arising from participation in active network management. Over the last several years, efforts to standardize microgrids have been made, and it is in terms of these advances that the current paper proposes the application of IEC/ISO 62264 standards to microgrids and Virtual Power Plants, along with a comprehensive review of microgrids, including advanced control techniques, energy storage systems, and market participation in both island and grid-connection operation. Finally, control techniques and the principles of energy-storage systems are summarized in a comprehensive flowchart.