batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
MP-124, a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor that competes with the binding of the PARP substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is being developed as a neuroprotective agent against acute ischemic stroke. MP-124 increased structural chromosomal aberration in CHL/IU cells, but showed negative results in the bacterial reverse mutation test, and the rat bone marrow micronucleus (MN) and the rat liver unscheduled DNA synthesis tests after the intravenous bolus injection. Thus, MP-124 did not appear to be direct-acting mutagen. Since, PARP-1 is a key enzyme in DNA repair, the effect of continuous PARP-1 inhibition by MP-124 was further examined in the rat MN test under 24-h intravenous infusion, and an increase in micronucleated immature erythrocytes (MNIE) was observed. The increase was clearly reduced by co-treatment with nicotinic acid, which resulted in increased intracellular NAD levels. This is consistent with the established activity of MP-124 as a competitive inhibitor of PARP and provides strong evidence that the DNA-damaging effect that leads to the increase in MNIE is a secondary effect of PARP-1 inhibition. This mechanism is expected to result in a threshold for the induction of MNIE by MP-124, and allows for the establishment of a safe margin of exposure for the therapeutic use of MP-124.
This study explores the feasibility of using a relatively rapid technique, die-sinking micro-electrical discharge machining, to fabricate miniature metallic bipolar plates. The flow field is a three-pass serpentine structure, of which both the rib and channel widths are 500μm and the channel depth is 600μm (aspect ratio=1.2) in a reaction area of 20mm×20mm. The material-removal rate of the proposed method can reach up to 7.2mm3 min−1. However, a high material-removal rate also increases the surface roughness of flow channels. In single-cell tests, the peak power densities are 674mWcm−2 and 647mWcm−2 for flow channels with a surface roughness of 0.715μmRa and 0.994μmRa, respectively. Though the increase in surface roughness lowers cell performance, the effect is not statistically significant.
This article gives an overview of the important properties and design characteristics of electrolyte used in thermally activated (thermal) batteries. The basic physical properties of the main compositions are reviewed. The properties of electrolytes such as melting point, ionic conductivity, surface tension, density, thermal characteristics, and moisture sensitivity were analyzed in relation with the functioning of the batteries. Solubility data of alkali metals, sulphides, and oxides were compiled and analyzed. The important parameters of separator pellets are discussed in terms of both electrical and mechanical properties as they pertain to thermal-battery design and functioning. A number of lower-melting electrolytes are presented along with key physical properties for possible use in applications requiring lower operating temperatures such as borehole power supplies.
Calcitriol, the hormonal form of vitamin D3, sensitizes breast cancer cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cytotoxicity induced by various anticancer modalities. This effect could be due to increased generation of ROS and/ or to increased sensitivity of the target cells to ROS. This work examined the effect of calcitriol on the damage inflicted on breast cancer cells by the direct action of ROS represented by H2O2. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with H2O2 resulted in activation of caspase 7 as well as induction of caspase-independent cell death. Both were enhanced by 48–72 h of pretreatment with calcitriol. This effect was not due to modulation of H2O2 degradation or to a specific effect on OH-mediated cytotoxicity. The H2O2-induced drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c were enhanced by calcitriol. These findings indicate that calcitriol sensitizes breast cancer cells to ROS-induced death by affecting event(s) common to both caspase-dependent and -independent modes of cell death upstream to mitochondrial damage.
Battery safety is a key focus in the design of electrified vehicles. Here, the authors survey literature approaches for modelling and testing battery safety under abuse conditions, and propose a multi-physics modelling and testing framework for real applications.
A one-pot facile hydrothermal synthesis of fluorine-doped CoFe2O4 sphere (FS-CoFe2O4)/graphene sheet (GS) composites, based on the Ostwald ripening mechanism, is presented in this work. Incorporation of fluorine in CoFe2O4/GS improves ion diffusion by forming a highly porous structure that serves as an electrolyte reservoir during the redox reactions and facilitates charge transfer in the electrode material. The influence of the fluorine concentration on the relationship between structure and electrochemical performance of CoFe2O4/GS is also studied. The FS-CoFe2O4/GS composite exhibits a high specific capacity of 288 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, along with an excellent rate capability of 80% (230 C g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1). Moreover, the FS-CoFe2O4/GS composite is used to assemble a hybrid supercapacitor, which exhibits a high operating voltage of 1.6 V and delivers a high energy density of 28.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.9 kW kg−1, as well as an outstanding cycling performance (90% capacity retention after 20,000 cycles, in which the GSs support FS-CoFe2O4 for the whole duration of the cycling tests). The present study can open up a new avenue for exploiting fluorine as a dopant in high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.
A motivation is a telling hallmark of negative symptomatology in schizophrenia, and it impacts nearly every facet of behavior, including inclination to attempt the difficult cognitive tasks involved in cognitive remediation therapy. Experiences of external reward, reinforcement, and hedonic anticipatory enjoyment are diminished in psychosis, so therapeutics which instead target intrinsic motivation for cognitive tasks may enhance task engagement, and subsequently, remediation outcome. We examined whether outpatients could attain benefits from an intrinsically motivating instructional approach which (a) presents learning materials in a meaningful game-like context, (b) personalizes elements of the learning materials into themes of high interest value, and (c) offers choices so patients can increase their control over the learning process. We directly compared one learning method that incorporated the motivational paradigm into an arithmetic learning program against another method that carefully manipulated out the motivational variables in the same learning program. Fifty-seven subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to one of the two learning programs for 10 thirty-minute sessions while an intent-to-treat convenience subsample (n =15) was used to account for practice effect. Outcome measures were arithmetic learning, attention, motivation, self competency, and symptom severity. Results showed the motivational group (a) acquired more arithmetic skill, (b) possessed greater intrinsic motivation for the task, (c) reported greater feelings of self competency post-treatment, and (d) demonstrated better post-test attention. Interestingly, baseline perception of self competency was a significant predictor of post-test arithmetic scores. Results demonstrated that incorporating intrinsically motivating instructional techniques into a difficult cognitive task promoted greater learning of the material, higher levels of intrinsic motivation to attempt the demanding task, and greater feelings of self efficacy and achievement to learn.
Metal cobalt has infinite potential for super performance aqueous alkaline batteries. But it is a high degree of requirements to design and synthesize composites to solve the common problems than Co materials. Hence towards that end, Co@N-rich carbon hybrids (CoNC) have been designed and prepared via an in-situ, facile and effective method. By doping abundant nitrogen (about 5wt%), the mesoporous carbon shells provide more active sites, enhanced electrical conductivity and electrode infiltration, and avoid the Co nanoparticles agglomeration and serious electrode dissolution. When used as the electrode for the aqueous alkaline battery, the CoNC hybrids deliver outstandingly higher discharge capacity, superior high-rate ability, and stable cycling ability. A high discharge capacity of 625mAhg−1 has been delivered at 500mAg−1 and reduced to 455.7mAhg−1 after 150 cycles for the CoNC electrode. Even the current increases up to 5Ag−1, the capacity still remains at 461.3mAhg−1, manifesting the fascinating high-rate discharge ability. Importing the rich nitrogen species makes a significant difference to give full play a positive role on the aqueous alkaline battery, which as well guides a new direction towards high-rate power batteries.
The present work shows the electric and dielectric study of ceramic composites made from cobalt titanate CoTiO3 (CoTO) and vanadium oxide (V2O5), by complex impedance spectroscopy. The CoTO was obtained by solid state reaction, the structural properties of the CoTO and the composites were discussed using X-ray diffraction and the electric and dielectric study to possible applications in radio frequency was made by measurements analysis of impedance spectroscopy at room temperature and with temperature variation. The analysis of the diffractogram of the CoTO synthesis showed the formation of only a single phase of CoTO without presence of spurious phases and analysis of the diffractograms of the composites after sintering process revealed the formation of a secondary phase [Co3V2O8]. The CoTO study showed the electrical and dielectric properties of impedance (Z′), dielectric permittivity (ε′), conductivity (σ) and activation energy (Ea), where they were studied in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz and temperature (280–440 °C). The results indicate that CoTO electroceramics and ceramic composites presented a thermo-activated charge transfer process in the studied temperature range and the electrical results were modeled through equivalent circuit configurations composed of two and three associations in parallel with R-CPE, representing the electric responses of the grain, grain boundary and electrode effect presented by the studied electroceramics.
Objective To examine the validity of factor analytically based summary scores that were developed using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHTB-EB); (ie, psychological well-being, social satisfaction, negative affect) normative sample in individuals with neurologic conditions. Design Cross-sectional, observational cohort. Setting Community. Participants A total of 1036 English-speaking adults from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIHTB) normative project and 604 community-dwelling adults with neurologic conditions including spinal cord injury (SCI n=209), traumatic brain injury (TBI n=184), and stroke (cerebrovascular accident [CVA] n=211) (N=1640). Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The NIHTB-EB. Results A series of univariate analyses comparing summary scores across the 4 groups (SCI, TBI, CVA, normative group) were conducted to identify group differences. Base rates (defined as >1 SD toward the problematic direction) were also identified. The normative group demonstrated better emotional functioning characterized by greater social satisfaction and psychological well-being (normative group > SCI, TBI, CVA; P’s <.0001), and less negative affect (normative group < SCI, P=.016; normative group < TBI, P<.001; normative group < CVA; P=.034) compared with each neurologic group. Using base rates to identify problematic emotions for the 3 summary scores, there were higher rates of problematic emotions on all 3 summary scores for the neurologic groups compared with the normative group. Conclusions The NIHTB-EB summary scores demonstrate an increased prevalence of problematic emotions among individuals with 3 neurologic conditions, and might be useful for identifying individuals with similar conditions and potentially in need of psychological support.
The main features of cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of thin electrochromic films based on a-WO3 were investigated. First, the chemical capacitance is defined in terms of the electrochemical potential variation with the insertion level, x, and is measured under galvanostatic (chronopotentiometry) quasi-equilibrium conditions. An equilibrium capacitance increasing rapidly with respect to insertion level or negative potential is observed, respectively C ch∝x a at x>10−3(a≈0.74) and C ch∝V α (α≈3). Simulation methods used to generate the observed CVs are described in detail. Major CV peaks can be simply understood as charging and discharging of the variable capacitor, in conjunction with a distortion of the voltage scale due to a series transport process. Therefore a simple RC equivalent circuit allows us to explain the principal CVs characteristics of lithium intercalation and deintercalation in amorphous films.
Objective The aim of the research was to investigate auditory processing abilities in children with reading disorders using electrophysiological and behavioral tasks. Methods Differences in auditory processing between control, compensated (age appropriate reading skills with a history of reading disorder), and reading disordered groups were systematically investigated. Results The reading disorder group had significantly lower results than control and compensated reader groups for most tests in the reading and auditory processing test battery. All children with a reading disorder did not pass at least one behavioral test of auditory processing, and hence would be diagnosed clinically as having an auditory processing disorder (APD). The reading disorder group also had significantly smaller /ga/-evoked mismatch negativity (MMN) area than the control group. Compensated and control groups had similar results for the electrophysiological and behavioral auditory processing tests. Correlation analyses showed that reading fluency and accuracy and nonword scores (measured using Castle and Coltheart's word/nonword test) correlated significantly with most APD measures. Conclusions The general profile of auditory processing deficits in children with reading disorder was a combination of deficits on frequency patterns (i.e. frequency pattern test) and absent or small /ga/-evoked MMN. Significant results from the correlation analyses support the co-morbidity of reading and auditory processing disorders. Significance Children with reading disorders are likely to have auditory processing disorders.
Modern cryptographic algorithms play an irreplaceable role in data communication systems for various areas of applications. These algorithms are the backbone of data protection and secrecy for highly sensitive and classified data. The selection of a suitable crypto-algorithm will dynamically affect the lifespan and performance of a device in terms of battery-life, hardware memory, computation latency and communication bandwidth. In the current developments of the resource constrained environments, the trend is shifting towards lightweight algorithmic hardware designs. To select a suitable cryptographic algorithm for an application or an environment, the understandings of both the algorithmic requirements in terms of hardware and the specifications of the development platform intended has to be established. However, there are numerous ciphers in the literature that has various functionality, specifications and strength. Moreover, there are numerous literatures that cover the trend and specifications of security solutions in hardware constrained environment, employing known cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of modern symmetric cryptographic solutions used in resource constrained environment (RCE), including literatures from the area of wireless sensor network (WSN), radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless identification and sensing platform (WISP) and other resource constrained platforms. This paper aims to provide a survey of the ciphers that were used in the past, and what are the ciphers that are currently active, and their respective specifications and applications in the area of modern world RCEs. On top of that, descriptive summaries of (a total of 100 symmetric ciphers) modern block ciphers (38), involution ciphers (6), lightweight block ciphers (28) and stream ciphers (28) are included and discussed, and an overview of the current contributions of various literatures, comparison and analysis of modern ciphers from the hardware and software perspective are also discussed.
The relevance of persistent cognitive deficits to the pathogenesis and prognosis of bipolar disorders (BD) is understudied, and its translation into clinical practice has been limited by the absence of brief methods assessing cognitive status in Psychiatry. This investigation assessed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S) for the detection of cognitive impairment in BD.
A conceptually new and general strategy was, for the first time, proposed to significantly boost the electrocatalytic activity of metal-free pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs) towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by simple polymer wrapping without introducing any heteroatom dopants, functional groups, or edge defects into the graphitic structure. Our strategy is straightforward, efficient, green, and easy to be scaled up. After wrapping pure CNTs with a certain class of electrochemically inert polymers (i.e. poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(ethylene glycol)) with polar oxygen-containing groups (i.e. –COOH, –OH, –COOCH3, –O–) through noncovalent interactions, a series of advanced metal-free composite membrane catalysts were easily achieved, which yielded unexpected, surprisingly high OER activity – on par with the commercial noble RuO2 catalyst, though pure CNTs have rather poor OER activity. Combined experimental and computational studies revealed that the observed superb OER activity could be attributed to a synergistic effect of intrinsic topological defects in the CNTs as active centers and the coated polymer layer as a co-catalyst to optimize the adsorption energies of intermediates for improving the OER energetics.
Watanabe S, Amimoto K. Generalization of prism adaptation for wheelchair driving task in patients with unilateral spatial neglect. Objectives To verify the efficacy of prism adaptation as a practical means of rehabilitation for subjects with unilateral spatial neglect by conducting goal-directed tasks in the presence of similar visual flankers in the right hemispace using an activity of daily living, namely, wheelchair operation. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Rehabilitation center located in Japan. Participants Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (N=10). Intervention Prism adaptation. Main Outcome Measures A midpoint-directed task in which the subject faces the center of 2 symbols placed in front and moves the wheelchair toward it, and a goal-directed task in which the subject must differentiate a single target from multiple symbols and move the wheelchair toward it. Results In the midpoint-directed task, there was a significant shift in the reach position bias from +27.7cm prior to prism adaptation to +3.1cm after prism adaptation (P<.01). In the goal-directed task, the time taken to reach the outer left target decreased from 21.2 seconds prior to prism adaptation to 11.8 seconds after prism adaptation, and the difference between placement of the targets was eliminated. Conclusions Prism adaptation exhibited the potential to generalize the effects on activities of daily living such as driving a wheelchair and to ameliorate unilateral spatial neglect even in the presence of right-hemispace flankers. Prism adaptation is an effective therapeutic modality in rehabilitation because it prevents the appearance of neglect symptoms despite situational or contextual changes.
The effects of adaptation to prisms displacing rightwards the field of vision on omission errors, and on perseveration and other graphic productions in a line cancellation task, were assessed in nine right-brain-damaged patients with left unilateral spatial neglect. Prism adaptation improved both neglect, as indexed by omission errors, and perseveration behaviour, up to a delay of 60 min. No correlation was found between omission and perseveration errors in all assessments. The suggestion is made that perseveration and other complex graphic productions made by right brain-damaged-patients with left spatial unilateral neglect is due to a defective monitoring of complex motor behaviour, frequently associated to cerebral damage involving the right frontal lobe. Interpretations of perseveration behaviour in terms of allochiria and directional hypokinesia are considered, and their limits discussed.
The electrolysis of water is considered a promising route to the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Electrolysers based on proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have a number of advantages including high current density, high product gas purity and the ability to operate at high pressure. Despite these advantages the high cost of such devices is an impediment to their widespread deployment. A principal factor in this cost are the materials and machining of flow plates for distribution of the liquid reagents and gaseous products in the electrochemical cell. We demonstrate the production and operation of a PEM electrolyser constructed from silver coated 3D printed components fabricated from polypropylene. This approach allows construction of light weight, low cost electrolysers and the rapid prototyping of flow field design. Furthermore we provide data on the operation of this electrolyser wherein we show that performance is excellent for a first generation device in terms of overall efficiency, internal resistances and current–voltage response. This development opens the door to the fabrication of light weight and cheap electrolysers as well as related electrochemical devices such as flow batteries and fuel cells.
We characterized high-power lithium-ion cells in terms of performance and cycle- and calendar life at 45°C. Among other parameters, we measured the C/25 capacity every 4 weeks during the test. Differentiation of the C/25 voltage versus capacity data with respect to capacity yielded dV/dQ curves. Analysis of Q 0 dV/dQ curves has shown that capacity fade in high-power lithium-ion cells can be complex. From the analysis, the anode material in a significant fraction of the cells showed two types of capacity loss. The loss of accessible material tended to happen early in cell life, either during formation or during the first 4 weeks of testing. Most likely this was caused by a physical rather than chemical process. After 4 weeks, the principal cause of capacity loss was side reactions.