batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The structure and oxygen non-stoichiometry of misfit layered cobaltite Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ was determined by Rietveld analysis and by thermogravimetric measurements. The heat capacity and enthalpy increments of pseudo-ternary oxide Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ was measured by the relaxation time method (PPMS) from 2K to 256K, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from 258K to 355K and by the drop calorimetry from 573K to 1153K. Above room temperature the temperature dependence of the molar heat capacity in the form C pm =(305.8+0.07325· T −4702536· T −2)JK−1 mol−1 was derived by the least-squares method from the experimental data. The heat capacity was analyzed in terms of a combined Debye–Einstein model. The molar entropy S m ∘ ( 298.15 ) = 317.7 Jmol−1 K−1 was evaluated from the low temperature heat capacity measurements.
Objective: To investigate whether suppression of right inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s homologue) by 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve speech recovery. Design: Comparative, repeated-measure study. Setting: Rehabilitation unit at a university hospital. Participants: 8 subcortical aphasia patients who were 3 months to 3 years poststroke onset. Interventions: We applied low frequency rTMS on right Broca’s homologue twice a week for 6 weeks. rTMS was performed with intensity of 80% of motor threshold for 10 minutes (600 pulses) at a 1-Hz frequency. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were tested with Korean Version of the Western Aphasia Battery before and after the procedure. Also they were tested with parallel short forms for the Korean-Boston Naming Test and Animal Naming Test serially for outcome measure. Results: Significant improvement was observed in picture naming at post-rTMS only in nonfluent aphasia patients but not in fluent aphasia patients. Conclusions: rTMS may provide a novel treatment for aphasia by possibly modulating the distributed, bi-hemispheric language network.
5 V lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are promising candidates for high energy density batteries. However, conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolyte is vulnerable to oxidative decomposition caused by free radical attack, which leads to poor cycling performance of the 5 V LIBs. Herein, we present a novel strategy based on the free radical scavenging effect to suppress the electrolyte decomposition of 5 V class batteries composed of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes and carbonate-based electrolyte. Our strategy is to scavenge the free radicals during the charging process at the cathode interface by adopting a renewable biomass lignin binder with numerous phenol groups, which can significantly suppress the free radical chain reaction and subsequently generate a compatible multi-dimensional interphase between the electrode and electrolyte. The lignin based electrode exhibited a capacity retention of 94.1% after 1000 cycles, which is significantly higher than that of its PVDF counterpart (46.2%). This work represents a milestone contribution to the strategy for resolving the interfacial issue of high voltage cathode materials, initiating a big step in boosting 5 V batteries.
A candidate gene, EKN1, was recently described in a cohort from Finland for the dyslexia locus on chromosome 15q, DYX1. This report described a (2;15) (q11;21) translocation disrupting EKN1 that cosegregated with dyslexia in a two-generation family. It also characterized a sequence polymorphism in the 5′ untranslated region and a missense mutation that showed significant association in 109 dyslexics compared to 195 controls (p=0.002 and p=0.006, respectively). To confirm these results we interrogated the same polymorphisms in a cohort of 150 nuclear families with dyslexia ascertained through the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. Using QTDT analysis with nine individual quantitative tasks and two composite measures of reading performance, we could not replicate the reported association. We conclude that the polymorphisms identified in the Finland sample are unlikely to be functional DNA changes contributing to dyslexia, and that if variation in EKN1 is causal such changes are more likely to be in regulatory regions that were not sequenced in this study. Alternatively, the published findings of association with markers in EKN1 may reflect linkage disequilibrium with variation in another gene(s) in the region.
Kernel smoothing of spatial point data can often be improved using an adaptive, spatially varying bandwidth instead of a fixed bandwidth. However, computation with a varying bandwidth is much more demanding, especially when edge correction and bandwidth selection are involved. This paper proposes several new computational methods for adaptive kernel estimation from spatial point pattern data. A key idea is that a variable-bandwidth kernel estimator for d-dimensional spatial data can be represented as a slice of a fixed-bandwidth kernel estimator in (d+1)
Kernel smoothing is a versatile tool for analysing spatial data: it is used to estimate probability density, point process intensity, relative risk, spatial regression functions and other quantities. Efficient algorithms for kernel smoothing are vital and must continually be improved in order to handle larger and more complex datasets.
Black phosphorus was prepared from red phosphorus by using mixer mill and planetary ball-mill apparatuses. The composites with black phosphorus and acetylene black (AB) were also prepared by using the mixer mill apparatus. The mechanical milling of black phosphorus and AB brought about a decrease in size of secondary particles of the composites. The all-solid-state lithium cells with the composite and the Li2S–P2S5 glass-ceramic electrolyte exhibited the first discharge capacity of 1962mAhg−1 and the coulombic efficiency of 89% at the current density of 0.064mAcm−2 (24mAg−1). The all-solid-state cells worked at 3.8mAcm−2 (1.47Ag−1) at 25°C and showed the excellent cycle performance with a high capacity of over 500mAhg−1 for 150 cycles. Black phosphorus is one of the most attractive negative electrodes with both high capacity and high-rate performance in all-solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries with sulfide electrolytes.
The Army is facing a number of challenges now and in the future. One of the major challenges is in the power sources arena. As the Army continues to move toward digitizing the battlefield, the need for portable power is increasingly becoming a technological hurdle that must be overcome in order for a soldier to exercise his electronics capabilities without being overburdened by the power sources size, weight and operating/logistical costs. Advanced electronic devices are becoming a critical piece of the soldier's personal battlefield equipment. A soldier with the latest version of the Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) is one of the most dangerous weapon systems on the modern battlefield. The ability to accurately navigate and communicate multiplies the soldier's advantage over a less electronic capable enemy. Keeping his personal electronics operational is crucial to giving the soldier the capability to complete his mission successfully. Inherent in keeping the electronic equipment operating is keeping it supplied with batteries. Due to the increased emphasis placed on the modern soldiers electronic equipment, the importance of the portage of the power sources needed to keep this equipment operational has also increased. Recent efforts have focused on hybrid power sources that may enhance discussed capabilities by taking advantage of both high energy sources and high power systems for intermittent power application. This development could lead to a power source with enough energy to meet the Army's preference for a 72-h mission life before the need for resupply.
Conventional vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) using Nafion 115 suffered from issues associated with high ohmic resistance and high capital cost. In this work, we report a commercial membrane (VANADion), consisting of a porous layer and a dense Nafion layer, as a promising alternative to Nafion 115. In the dual-layer structure, the porous layer (∼210μm) can offer a high ionic conductivity and the dense Nafion layer (∼20μm) can depress the convective flow of electrolyte through the membrane. By comparing with the conventional Nafion 115 in a VRFB, it is found that the change from the conventional Nafion 115 to the composite one results in an increase in the energy efficiency from 71.3% to 76.2% and an increase in the electrolyte utilization from 54.1% to 68.4% at a current density of as high as 240mAcm−2. In addition, although two batteries show the comparable cycling performance at current densities ranging from 80mAcm−2 to 240mAcm−2, the composite membrane is estimated to be significantly cheaper than the conventional Nafion 115 due to the fact that the porous layer is rather cost-effective and the dense Nafion layer is rather thin. The impressive combination of desirable performance and low cost makes this composite membrane highly promising in the VRFB applications.
Ingestion of button batteries occurs in about ten persons per one million persons each year, with most of them children, and one in every 1000 battery ingestions leads to serious injuries. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and outcome of ingestion or inhalation of button batteries in children spanning a decade from January, 2006 to December, 2016 at a tertiary care hospital.
Carbon Nano Fibers (CNFs) coated with LiFePO4 particles have been prepared by a non-aqueous sol–gel technique. The functionalization of the CNFs by HNO3 acid treatment has been confirmed by Raman and XPS analyses. The samples pure LiFePO4 and LiFePO4–CNF have been characterized by XRD, SEM, RAMAN, XPS and electrochemical analysis. The LiFePO4–CNF sample shows better electrochemical performance compared to as-prepared LiFePO4. LiFePO4–CNF (10wt.%) delivers a higher specific capacity (∼140mAhg−1) than LiFePO4 with carbon black (25wt.%) added after synthesis (∼120mAhg−1) at 0.1C.
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced by approximately 25% of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Despite the high incidence, the pathological features of AVH in BPD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whole-brain functional connectivity (FC), as measured by functional connectivity density (FCD), and its relationship with AVH in BPD. 65 pharmacotherapy treatment-naïve female BPD patients (30 with AVH and 35 without AVH), and 35 female healthy controls were investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected to assess whole-brain FC and functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM) was applied to the fMRI data to compute FCD features. Compared to the healthy controls, both BPD groups (BPD–AVH and BPD without AVH) exhibited significantly higher gFCD values in the bilateral prefrontal lobe, bilateral orbital lobule, and bilateral insula, and significantly lower gFCD values in the SMA, right anterior temporal lobule, and the ACC. These altered regions were significantly associated with AVH in the BPD subjects. Moreover, higher gFCD values were observed in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule. Aberrant alterations also emerged in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule, mainly in Broca and Wernicke regions. Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between gFCD values and the severity of AVH as measured by the AVH scores. In summary, we have identified aberrations in the FC and brain metabolism of the aforementioned neural circuits/networks, which may provide new insights into BPD–AVH and facilitate the development of therapeutic approaches for treating AVH in BPD patients.
The potentiodynamic synthesis and subsequent characterisation of a polyaniline (PAn) grown in the presence of a water-soluble conducting polymer, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS) is described. The novel polymer is obtained as a water-insoluble film consisting of a PAn backbone with PMAS integrated as the molecular dopant. The electrodeposition of the polyaniline material is enhanced by the presence of the electrically conducting PMAS polyelectrolyte dopant, which functions as a molecular template providing supramolecular pre-ordering as well as simultaneously facilitating charge transport during electrodeposition.
A new all-solid-state self-charging power cell (SCPC) has been fabricated using mesoporous PVDF-LiPF6 film as piezo-electrolyte. The solid piezo-electrolyte can act as both the electrolyte and piezo-separator, which is prepared through immobilizing the liquid electrolyte in mesoporous PVDF film. The all-solid-state flexible SCPC can be efficiently charged up by mechanical deformation, and thus can directly harvest/store the body-motion energy. The SCPC sealed in stainless-steel cell can be charged by compressive deformation (30N, 1Hz) and the storage capacity is 0.118μAh within 240s, which is about 5 times larger than that of the traditional non-integrated system. The SCPC sealed in flexible shell can be charged by the bending deformation. The all-solid-state flexible SCPCs can power a variety of wearable electronic devices, including sports bracelets, smart watches and LEDs. This work provides an innovative approach for developing new self-sustainable battery and self-powered wearable electronics.
The complex sol–gel technique is applied to the preparation of Mg-/Zr-doped LiCoO2 cobaltites. The synthesis results in composite powders in which the cathodic material is intimately mixed with inactive metal oxides as Co3O4, MgO and ZrO2. Cycling ability of the electrodes is evaluated by chronopotentiometry at different currents and potentials, revealing an improved stability of the electrode surface for the Mg-/Zr-doped cathode. Kinetics is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing improvements both in bulk and interfacial transport properties. This behavior can be explained by the concomitant effects of Zr4+ doping and of morphology modifications induced by inactive MgO and ZrO2 oxides dispersion.
Emerging global positioning system (GPS) technologies can clarify movement patterns of free-ranging animals in far more detail than has been possible with previous methods. We conducted long-term (mean, 65 days; maximum, 221 days) GPS radio-tracking of 41 northern bluetongue lizards (Tiliqua scincoides intermedia) and 8 centralian bluetongue lizards (T. multifasciata) at two study sites in northwestern Australia, close to the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
In this work, a new morphological nanostructure of the CNWs@ultrathin SnO2 NSs@C composite has been successfully fabricated, realizing the integration of two-dimensional ultrathin SnO2 NSs and one-dimensional CNWs. The nanosized ultrathin SnO2 NSs (thickness of ca. 1–3 nm) are uniformly distributed between one dimension CNWs core and C shell, as confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM characterizations. When tested as potential anode materials for LIBs, the as-prepared coaxial nanocable-like CNWs@ultrathin SnO2 NSs@C composite exhibits outstanding reversible capacity for lithium storage (695 mAh g−1 after 40 cycles at 160 mA g−1, 651 and 618 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles at 400 and 800 mA g−1, respectively). This intriguing architecture, which integrates both electronic conductivity and buffering matrix design strategies, contributing to enhanced lithium storage performance.
Herein, we report magnesium sulphide (MgS) as an anode for lithium ion batteries. Magnesium sulphide-carbon composite is directly synthesized by mechanically milling the elemental mixture. A possible lithiation and delithiation mechanism for MgS is proposed based on electrochemical and ex-situ XRD studies. The electrochemical reaction of MgS with lithium results in the formation of Li2S and Mg, the as-formed Mg simultaneously reacts with lithium and forms LixMg alloy further contributing to the capacity. A stable reversible capacity of 530mAhg−1 was achieved after 100 cycles within the voltage window of 0.001–2.5V. The compatibility of MgS anode was tested in full cell using lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LNMC) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) as cathodes.
Management of the ever-increasing generated solid waste had been a difficulty for state governments in Nigeria. The high costs connected to this waste management which had encumbered the state budget, ignorance or lack of understanding of resourceful waste management and insensitivity to environmental concerns may have led to partial neglect of this sector. This research paper is aimed at evaluating the rehabilitation potential and the risk level of Igbatoro dumpsite, an Ondo state-managed waste dumpsite which predominantly receives the waste of Akure and its environs. In determining rehabilitation/reconstruction potentials and assessing the risk of the dumpsite, an Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA) was considered. The Risk Index (RI) was calculated from the addition of the sensitivity index output with the attribute weightage of the twenty-seven (27) parameters studied. A total risk index of 571.58 was obtained for Igbatoro dumpsite indicating moderate hazard evaluation. Questionnaires distributed to dwellers around the dumpsite also showed that 83.6% of those interviewed agreed that the present management of the dumpsite is poor while 81.8% supported rehabilitation of the dumpsite. Hence, reconstruction of the Igbatoro dumpsite to an endurable and controlled landfill is hereby recommended.
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) coordinates an array of fundamental behaviors, including sleeping, waking, feeding, stress and motivated behavior. The wide spectrum of functions ascribed to the LHA may be explained by a heterogeneous population of neurons, the full diversity of which is poorly understood. We employed a droplet-based single-cell RNA-sequencing approach to develop a comprehensive census of molecularly distinct cell types in the mouse LHA. Neuronal populations were classified based on fast neurotransmitter phenotype and expression of neuropeptides, transcription factors and synaptic proteins, among other gene categories. We define 15 distinct populations of glutamatergic neurons and 15 of GABAergic neurons, including known and novel cell types. We further characterize a novel population of somatostatin-expressing neurons through anatomical and behavioral approaches, identifying a role for these neurons in specific forms of innate locomotor behavior. This study lays the groundwork for better understanding the circuit-level underpinnings of LHA function.
Co-precipitation method of SnCl2·2H2O and graphene oxide (GO) solution was performed to fleetly prepare graphene/SnO2 composite. The structure and composition of the nanocomposite were detected by means of XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The GO was reduced by bivalent tin ions to graphene nanosheet (GNS) via solution reaction and SnO2 nano-crystals with size of 4–6nm were homogeneously distributed on the matrix of GNS. It was found that the disorder degree of graphene in GNS/SnO2 composite prepared by the bivalent tin ion assisted reduction method was much lower than that of GNS obtained via pyrolysis reduction. The possible mechanism for this phenomenon was discussed in detail. The N2 adsorption tests showed an ink-bottle-like pore structure of GNS/SnO2 and the SnO2 nanoparticles were confined in the interlayer of GNS without agglomeration. These structural features were desirable and enabled GNS/SnO2 an excellent anode material in lithium ion battery. The electrochemical tests showed that the composite could deliver a reversible capacity of 775.3mAh/g and capacity retention of 98% after 50 cycles.
The preliminary design of a biologically inspired flapping UAV is presented. Starting from a set of initial design specifications, namely: weight, maximum flapping frequency and minimum hand-launch velocity of the model, a parametric numerical study of the proposed avian model is conducted in terms of the aerodynamic performance and longitudinal static stability in gliding and flapping conditions. The model shape, size and flight conditions are chosen to approximate those of a gull. The wing kinematics is selected after conducting an extensive parametric study, starting from the simplest flapping pattern and progressively adding more degrees of freedom and control parameters until reaching a functional and realistic wing kinematics. The results give us an initial insight of the aerodynamic performance and longitudinal static stability of a biomimetic flapping UAV, designed at minimum flight velocity and maximum flapping frequency.
Conductive carbon has been coated on the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by the carbonization of sucrose for the purpose of improving the rate performance. The effect of carbon coating on the physical and electrochemical properties is discussed through the characterizations of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cycling and rate tests. Results demonstrate that the carbon coating can greatly enhance the discharge capacity, rate capability and cycling stability of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 without degrading the spinel structure. The sample modified with 1wt.% sucrose displays the best performance. A large capacity of 130mAhg−1 at 1C discharge rate with a high retention of 92% after 100 cycles and a stable 114mAhg−1 at 5C discharge rate can be delivered. The remarkably improved rate properties of the carbon-coated samples are due to the suppression of the solid electrolyte interfacial (SEI) layer development and faster kinetics of both the Li+ diffusion and the charge transfer reaction.
Lithium-ion storage capacitors were assembled using graphene/tantalum carbide/tantalum wire electrodes and carbon hollow spheres as electrolyte. The graphene/tantalum carbide layers were prepared by electron-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition; the carbon hollow spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and pyrolysis treatment. The specific capacitance of the capacitor was 593Fg−1 at a current density of 10Ag−1. The capacitor showed excellent cycling stability, retaining 91.2% of its initial capacitance after 8000 cycles. Moreover, the capacitor provided a high specific energy density of 132Whkg−1 at a high power density of 3.17kWkg−1. The high energy density is attributed to the widened operation window ranging from 0 to 3.0V. The graphene layer of the electrode and carbon hollow spheres in electrolyte synergistic affect influence on the electrochemical performance of the capacitor are discussed. In addition, the use of a low-cost lithium salt, lithium chloride, is also featured in this paper.
Membranes and separators play an important role in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Despite many developments of separators for electrochemical cell applications, there are barriers which limit their performance for MFCs which include ionic transfer limitations, which can increase the internal electrical resistance, and oxygen transfer, which can decrease the MFC performance. Various separator materials have been used, including ion exchange membranes (anion, cation and bipolar), microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes, porous material using fabrics, glass fibres and polymers. Advances in the understanding of separator materials and properties have opened up opportunities to overcome these limitations, but challenges remain for their practical application. Here, a review of membrane requirements and applications in MFCs is provided and an outlook of future developments for MFC separators is presented. The working principle of MFC is followed by a discussion on potential applications of the MFC for wastewater treatment and power generation. The different membrane requirements affecting the MFC performance are discussed. The initial development of this field is much more recent than that of chemical fuel cells, with major studies occurring only in the last two decades.