batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The management and final disposal of industrial wastes are a matter of considerable human concern. The present study evaluates the cyto/genotoxic effects and changes of the coelomic cell formulas exerted by aqueous leachates and solid waste (SW) of two industrial residues using coelomocytes extruded from Eisenia fetida. The assayed wastes corresponded to industrial foundry and cosmetic activities. After 14 days of exposure, we obtained a group of endpoints that reflect the toxicity/genotoxicity, coelomocyte formula and indexes; and the mortality classical value (LC50-14d). Among the variables measured, total coelomocytes formula (eleocytes + amebocytes + granulocytes) appears as a single and easy parameter to assess the toxicity of eluates at short exposure times. We applied a set of assays using earthworms as test organism that would allow evaluating SW as well as its aqueous leachates. It is easy to run trials combining exposures of 1 h to 14 days, which can be integrated into the implementation of the traditional test for evaluating acute toxicity.
Pristine Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and Ru-doped Li4Ti5O12 with the composition of Li4Ti4.95Ru0.05O12 (Ru-doped LTO) are synthesized by solid-state reaction. Ru doping into the lattice of LTO affects the electronic structure of LTO, leading to the modification of optical properties and improvement in electrochemical performance. The variations between pristine LTO and Ru-doped LTO in optical properties are investigated by UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the related microstructure is characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The enhancement in electronic conductivity of Ru-doped LTO can provide the discharge capacities of 222, 183 and 132mAh/g at 1C, 5C and 10C, respectively, during the voltage window of 0.01–2.5V. Furthermore, the capacity retentions are 95, 92 and 86% for 1C, 5C and 10C rates, respectively, at 100th cycles. The significant improvement in electrochemical performance demonstrates that ruthenium doped lithium titanate is promising as a high rate anode for lithium ion batteries.
Objective To investigate the psychometric properties of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) obtained by self-report in a large sample of active duty military personnel with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Consecutive cohort who completed the MPAI-4 as a part of a larger battery of clinical outcome measures at the time of intake to an outpatient brain injury clinic. Setting Medical center. Participants Consecutively referred sample of active duty military personnel (N=404) who suffered predominantly mild (n=355), but also moderate (n=37) and severe (n=12), TBI. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure MPAI-4 Results Initial factor analysis suggested 2 salient dimensions. In subsequent analysis, the ratio of the first and second eigenvalues (6.84:1) and parallel analysis indicated sufficient unidimensionality in 26 retained items. Iterative Rasch analysis resulted in the rescaling of the measure and the removal of 5 additional items for poor fit. The items of the final 21-item Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-military were locally independent, demonstrated monotonically increasing responses, adequately fit the item response model, and permitted the identification of nearly 5 statistically distinct levels of disability in the study population. Slight mistargeting of the population resulted in the global outcome, as measured by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-military, tending to be less reflective of very mild levels of disability. Conclusions These data collected in a relatively large sample of active duty service members with TBI provide insight into the ability of patients to self-report functional impairment and the distinct effects of military deployment on outcome, providing important guidance for the meaningful measurement of outcome in this population.
Cu2+/Cu+–[Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- redox couple is investigated for energy storage applications. Analogous to Pourbaix diagram, Potential – Time plot indicating regions such as Nernstian, Steady state and Redox were analyzed. Appropriate electrochemical reactions associated with these regions were also attempted. The redox couple provides power continuously for 3312 h with good stability. The coulombic, voltage and energy efficiencies obtained were 96%, 72.13% and 69.3% respectively. The maximum voltage attained by the cell is 0.88 V. The baseline voltage of the cell is 0.3 V and never reaches zero voltage output even after the inactivity of anolyte. Hence by replenishing the anolyte and anode, the device can be made functional for next 3312 h without replacing catholyte. Thus Cu2+/Cu+–[Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- redox couple can be a low cost alternative or partial substitution redox couple to improve the performance of flow batteries.
This study aimed to observe the type of asymmetry exhibited by Porcellio laevis sampled from 15 sites belonging to Tunisian industrialized areas. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, organic matter and CaCO3 contents were measured in soils. Moreover, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations were determined in both soils and woodlice. Additionally, 10 metrical traits were measured to evaluate the type of asymmetry on individuals: the basis, the second and the third articles of the antenna, the first article of the flagellum of the antenna and the merus, the carpus, and the propodus of the sixth and the seventh pereopods. Among the 531 measured individuals, 432 exhibited fluctuating asymmetry (FA) while the remaining individuals exhibited antisymmetry or directional asymmetry. The data obtained were analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results showed that individuals from contaminated sites have a low FA level, whereas those from uncontaminated sites have a high FA level, particularly females but with some exceptions. Variations in FA level in the traits and populations studied and its usefulness as a stress indicator were discussed.
Endogenous electric fields in wounds have been documented for centuries, but they have received little attention from the scientific community. A new study shows that manipulation of these electric fields affects wound healing in vivo and identifies the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway as a key component of cell migration in response to electric cues.
Exploring prospective materials for energy production and storage is one of the biggest challenges of this century. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy resources, due to its wide availability and low environmental impact. Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a class of semiconductor materials with unique properties, including tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, broad absorption spectrum, high charge carrier mobility and long charge diffusion lengths, which enable a broad range of photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Since the first embodiment of perovskite solar cells showing a power conversion efficiency of 3.8%, the device performance has been boosted up to a certified 22.1% within a few years. In this Perspective, we discuss differing forms of perovskite materials produced via various deposition procedures. We focus on their energy-related applications and discuss current challenges and possible solutions, with the aim of stimulating potential new applications.
Microfluidic fuel cells and flow batteries are free from the static physical barrier that separated the anodic and cathodic compartments, introducing the advantages of low cost and feasible miniaturized application. Recently, the concept of dual electrolyte stream proves itself an effective strategy to enhance the reactor performance by pairing catholyte and anolyte with thermodynamically favored pHs. Being able to be implemented in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes, the dual electrolyte strategy demonstrates superior peak power density, low overpotentials, high reactivity, and high efficiency. However, keeping the characteristics of laminar flow requires continuous electrolyte flowing in the microchannel. Besides, neutralization reaction would occur within the mixing layer between the catholyte and the anolyte, requiring higher flow rate to control the layer thickness. These lead to considerable electrolyte wastage that will significantly weaken the economical aspect and electrolyte utilization efficiency. To tackle this issue, this study investigated the electrolyte degradation process and proposed an operation scheme for electrolyte recycling. Key parameters of electrolytes were tracked and monitored by mimicking different reactor situations. Results indicated that with appropriately adjusted operating conditions, electrolyte recycling would be feasible in a microfluidic pH-differential network. Accordingly, an pH indicator for electrolyte recycling was proposed for potential practical application.
Studies about investigation of hydrogen production from wind energy and hydrogen production costs for a specific region were reviewed in this study and it was shown that these studies were rare in the world, especially in Turkey. Therefore, the costs of hydrogen, hydrogen production quantities using a wind energy conversion system were considered as a case study for 5 different locations of Nigde, Kirsehir, Develi, Sinop and Pinarbasi located in the Central Anatolia in Turkey. Annual wind energy productions and costs for different wind energy conversion systems were calculated for 50m, 80m and 100m hub heights. According to wind energy costs calculations, the amounts and costs of hydrogen production were computed. Furthermore, three different scenarios were taken into account to produce much hydrogen. The results showed that the hydrogen production using a wind energy conversion system with 1300kW rated power had a range from 1665.24kgH2/year in Nigde at 50m hub height to 6288.59kgH2/year in Pinarbasi at 100m hub height. Consequently, Pinarbasi and Sinop have remarkable wind potential and potential of hydrogen production using a wind–electrolyzer energy system.
There is an increasing interest in the development of thin, flexible energy storage devices for new applications. For large scale and low cost devices, structures with the use of earth abundant materials are attractive. In this study, we fabricated flexible and conductive nanopaper aerogels with incorporated carbon nanotubes (CNT). Such conductive nanopaper is made from aqueous dispersions with dispersed CNT and cellulose nanofibers. Such aerogels are highly porous with open channels that allow the deposition of a thin-layer of silicon through a plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) method. Meanwhile, the open channels also allow for an excellent ion accessibility to the surface of silicon. We demonstrated that such lightweight and flexible Si-conductive nanopaper structure performs well as Li-ion battery anodes. A stable capacity of 1200mAh/g for 100 cycles in half-cells is achieved. Such flexible anodes based on earth abundant materials and aqueous dispersions could potentially open new opportunities for low-cost energy devices, and potentially can be applied for large-scale energy storage.
Electrochemical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with hexacyanoferrate(II,III) ions (PEDOT(HCF)) were studied in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Voltammetric and EDAX studies revealed retention of hexacyanoferrate anions in the polymer film and accumulation of Cu(II) cations, as well as formation of solid copper hexacyanoferrate near the polymer surface. Accumulation of Cu2+ ions was found to be advantageous from the point of view of PEDOT(HCF) applications as a solid contact (ion-to-electron transducer) in all-solid-state Cu2+-selective electrodes with solvent polymeric polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based membrane, containing Cu2+-selective ionophore. Binding of Cu2+ ions in the conducting polymer layer results in analyte ions flux into the transducer phase. Thus, pronounced enhancement of selectivity of the all-solid-state Cu2+-selective electrode or lower detection limit of the potentiometric response range was achieved, reaching under optimised conditions 10−7 M CuSO4.
The vast growth of the mobile telecommunication (T/C) sector during the recent years has led to the extension of the respective networks even to the most remote areas. Many of these areas, however, often lack electricity grid supply and as a result installation of energy autonomous T/C stations, usually based on diesel-oil electricity generation, is essential. On the other hand, technological developments and considerable procurement cost reduction of photovoltaics (PVs) encourage also the use of PV stand-alone configurations, as an alternative energy solution for the operation of these remote T/C stations. Instead of using PV-battery configurations alone, contribution of a diesel engine in terms of moderate fuel consumption may downsize the system and improve its economic performance. In this context, an optimum sizing methodology currently developed is used to determine the dimensions of such an autonomous hybrid system, based on the criterion of minimum initial cost. The developed methodology is accordingly applied to a representative Greek area of high solar potential under different scenarios of fuel consumption and panels’ tilt angle. From the results obtained, the proposed hybrid power station appears to be one of the most attractive energy solutions for the support of remote T/C stations, providing increased levels of reliability and presenting low maintenance needs.
One of the aims of research in spatial cognition is to examine whether spatial skills can be enhanced. The goal of the present study was thus to assess the benefit and maintenance effects of mental rotation training in young adults. Forty-eight females took part in the study: 16 were randomly assigned to receive the mental rotation training (based on comparing pairs of 2D or 3D objects and rotation games), 16 served as active controls (performing parallel non-spatial activities), and 16 as passive controls. Transfer effects to both untrained spatial tasks (testing both object rotation and perspective taking) and visual and verbal tasks were examined. Across the training sessions, the group given mental rotation training revealed benefits in the time it took to make judgments when comparing 3D and 2D objects, but their mental rotation speed did not improve. When compared with the other groups, the mental rotation training group did show transfer effects, however, in tasks other than those practiced (i.e., in object rotation and perspective-taking tasks), and these benefits persisted after 1 month. The training had no effect on visual or verbal tasks. These findings are discussed from the spatial cognition standpoint and with reference to the (rotation) training literature.
In this manuscript we announce new type of “tailored” imidazole-derived salts designed, synthesized and tested for application in lithium conductive electrolytes. Basic characterization of the structure of described materials has been made by Raman, IR and NMR (13C NMR, 19F NMR) techniques. DSC and CV studies showed thermal stability of all salts over 200°C and electrochemical stability in liquid and solid polymer solvents up to +4.6V vs. metallic lithium anode and Al collectors. Such properties proved applicability of these salts as lithium electrolytes for modern types of lithium ion batteries.
Restoration for bone injuries created by infections, complicated fractures, and resection surgery which may require massive transplanted bones, has always been a quite complicated procedure that involves a battery of biological events [1]. Currently, alternative structures have traditionally been fabricated from autologous, heterologous or even synthetic materials [2]. Among them, the autologous is recognized to be the “gold standard” owing to its superior osteogenesis, living tissue with intact cells and conductive scaffold that supports and integrates with the original bone tissue with perfection. Nevertheless, the autologous method is not without its disadvantages. Autologous bone obtained from patients could cause donor site infection, persistent pain and other complications [3]. Without affecting the normal structure and function of donor site, the number of autologous bone is too restricted to meet the demand of clinical treatment [4]. Correspondingly, massive researches have concentrated on new biomaterials for replacing traditionally used materials as quickly as possible or ameliorating their properties of bone regeneration with greatness [5]. Furthermore, natural polymers have attracted most attention owing to their good biocompatibility.
The association of microneedles with electric pulses causing electroporation could result in an efficient and less painful delivery of drugs and DNA into the skin. Hollow conductive microneedles were used for (1) needle-free intradermal injection and (2) electric pulse application in order to achieve electric field in the superficial layers of the skin sufficient for electroporation. Microneedle array was used in combination with a vibratory inserter to disrupt the stratum corneum, thus piercing the skin. Effective injection of proteins into the skin was achieved, resulting in an immune response directed to the model antigen ovalbumin. However, when used both as microneedles to inject and as electrodes to apply the electric pulses, the setup showed several limitations for DNA electrotransfer. This could be due to the distribution of the electric field in the skin as shown by numerical calculations and/or the low dose of DNA injected. Further investigation of these parameters is needed in order to optimize minimally invasive DNA electrotransfer in the skin.
X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (X-PDAP) from Lactobacillus helveticus IF03809 expressed nearly full activity under high salt conditions, such as 2 M NaCl. We cloned and sequenced the pepX gene for X-PDAP. The calculated M, of deduced X-PDAP (803 amino acids) was 90,847 and the protein was distantly related (35 to 44% identity) to known X-PDAPs of Lactobacillus sp. including L. helveticus CNRZ32 (40% identity). Native and recombinant X-PDAP were purified to homogeneity from both L. helveticus IF03809 and Escherichia coli DH5α harboring the pepX gene on a plasmid, respectively. The native enzyme appeared to be a dimer of 220 kDa, as estimated by gel filtration column chromatography. It hydrolyzed an X-prolyl-linkage, but not prolyl- or X-prolyl-X-peptide bonds, and tolerated up to 2 M NaCl as well as some other chlorides of monovalent cations. Determination of the flanking sequences revealed two divergent genes. The upstream region of the pepX gene encodes oppA gene for a putative oligopeptide permease, while the downstream region encodes tnp gene specifying a possible transposase of the IS3 family. The oppA gene shares a 176 bp-promoter region with pepX in the intergenic region, implying a relationship between this oligopeptide transport system and X-PDAP.
In this paper, we investigate an adaptive energy management and power splitting system for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. The battery pack is the main power source whereas the fuel cell is considered as a range extender that cannot sustain alone the vehicle traction power. In addition, the fuel cell contributes to reduce the battery pack degradation by limiting its depth-of-discharge (DoD). This energy management system is based on a two layer architecture in which the upper layer computes the anticipated end-of-trip DoD using online mass estimation. The lower layer is designed to split the driver power demand by minimizing a cost function which includes the hydrogen/electricity cost ratio. Therefore, the best trade-off between reducing battery pack degradation and using cost effective energy is provided. Furthermore, the system allows the fuel cell to operate at its maximum efficiency. Comparative study results indicate that using online mass estimation improves the overall fuel consumption efficiency whilst contributing at the same time to DoD reduction.
Electrolyte solutions, containing the lithium salts lithium-cyclo-difluoromethane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide (abbreviated as LiDMSI) and lithium-cyclo-hexafluoropropane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide (LiHPSI) dissolved in organic carbonate solvents, were electrochemically investigated on graphite and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrodes and compared to the electrolyte salt LiPF6 with regard to conductivity, the electrochemical stability window, the anodic dissolution behavior vs. aluminum as well as the thermal stability behavior at 60°C. XPS studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the salt on the composition and the thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Constant current cycling experiments proved the potential applicability of the investigated salts for lithium ion batteries.
Sn-based composite materials were synthetized by a conventional melt-quenching method, and studied by X-ray diffraction, electrochemistry and in situ119Sn Mösssbauer spectroscopy. Tin was dispersed ex situ into a matrix formed from B2O3:P2O5. XRD and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy show the formation of an interface between the active species (Sn0) and the matrix. This amorphous interface acts as a “buffer-zone” which compensates volume changes during the tin–lithium alloy formation and avoids aggregation of tin particles.
The transition to lower-carbon sources of energy will inevitably produce and, in many cases, perpetuate pre-existing sets of winners and losers. The winners are those that will benefit from cleaner sources of energy, reduced emissions from the removal of fossil fuels, and the employment and innovation opportunities that accompany this transition. The losers are those that will bear the burdens, or lack access to the opportunities. Here we review the current state of understanding—based on a rapidly growing body of academic and policy literature—about the potential adverse consequences of the energy transition for specific communities and socio-economic groups on the frontlines of the transition. We review evidence about just transition policies and programmes, primarily from cases in the Global North, and draw conclusions about what insights are still needed to understand the justice and equity dimensions of the transition, and to ensure that no one is left behind.
Suspension electrolysis is a combined process of chemical and electrochemical reactions. The developed model for a parallel-plate electrochemical reactor is based on mixture model for suspension flow and balance equation for diluted species taking into account the dispersed phase content and ions migration due to the electrolyte current and partial dissolution of suspended particles in the suspension electrolysis. Electrochemical reactions are specified through flux boundary conditions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The influence of the combined processes is reflected through the distribution of ions concentration profile in liquid phase and current density profile at the electrode surface. Numerical investigation indicates that about 90 % of the iron deposition flux is accommodated by an additional component flux due to the chemical reaction of partial dissolution of α-Fe2O3 particles in suspension electrolysis.