batterydata/paper-abstracts huggingface dataset:
The acute effects of the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion on Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles were investigated through a bioassay using biomarkers and swimming behaviour as effect criteria. After 96 h of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of fenitrothion, the swimming velocity and several biomarkers were individually determined, namely: brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; muscle cholinesterases (ChE), lactate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities; liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO). A significant decrease of the swimming velocity (LOEC = 2 mg l−1), an inhibition of both AChE (LOEC = 0.06 mg l−1) and ChE activities (LOEC = 0.03 mg l−1), and a positive and significant correlation between the swimming velocity and AChE were found in exposed fish, suggesting an influence of the inhibition of these enzymes in the swimming velocity decrease. An increase of EROD activity (LOEC = 1 mg l−1), indicating the involvement of this enzyme in fenitrothion biotransformation, and a negative and significant correlation between EROD activity and swimming velocity were also found, suggesting that the two findings may somehow be related. Furthermore, results show a significant induction of SOD (LOEC = 0.13 mg l−1) without LPO increase, suggesting that the enzyme is preventing oxidative stress damage. No significant alterations were found in any of the other parameters tested. Thus, exposure of seabass to fenitrothion in the wild at concentrations similar to those tested here may have adverse consequences at population level as neurotransmission and swimming ability are essential for fish performance and survival.
Abstract Although they may know how to operate a vehicle or ride a bike, security officers must be prepared and responsible at all times. Post instructions and a vehicle checklist will need to be followed before a security officer leaves on patrol. Bicycle safety and how to avoid possible collisions are also addressed in this chapter.
Electric vehicle cooling modes are divided into air cooling, liquid cooling and phase change material cooling, the air cooling is divided into natural air cooling and forced air cooling. This paper selects the forced air cooling as the study object, and researches the heat dissipation performance of different airflow duct modes, the results indicated that: as considering that changing the longitudinal battery pack into horizontal battery pack, it could improve the heat dissipation performance by shorting airflow path; it increases the contact area for thermal conduction by adding bottom duct, and the area of battery pack top exists natural convection, so the heat dissipation performance of bottom duct mode is more superior; for battery pack with bottom duct mode, it uses the double “U” type duct instead of double “1” type duct in order to improve the heat dissipation performance; when the heat dissipation condition is poor, it could reduce the SOC state or charge & discharge rate to satisfy the heat dissipation performance requirements; as considering the practical operation condition of battery pack with double “U” type duct, it has a large margin of high charge and discharge rate to meet the needs of electric vehicle acceleration or deceleration operation.
A sulfur-coated carbon nanofiber (CNF–S) composite cathode material was prepared by a chemical deposition method in an aqueous solution. This CNF–S material was evaluated as the cathode material in lithium/sulfur cells with three different binders. The results of the SEM and TGA measurements reveal that CNF–S has a typical core–shell structure, containing 75.7 w/o sulfur coated uniformly on the surface of the CNFs. The effects of different binders on the potential profiles, electrode capacity and capacity retention with cycling were investigated. The electrode prepared with CMC+SBR binder has the best performance compared with PVdF and PEO binders, exhibiting a specific capacity of up to 1313mAhg−1 S at the initial discharge and a specific capacity of 586mAhg−1 S after 60 cycles.
Health professionals are required to collect data from standardized tests when assessing older patients’ functional ability. Such data provide quantifiable documentation on health outcomes. Little is known, however, about how physiotherapists and occupational therapists who administer standardized tests use test information in their daily clinical work. This article aims to investigate how test administrators in a geriatric setting justify the everyday use of standardized test information.
The performance of PVdF macroporous separators used in lithium battery at high charge rates was evaluated using Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 as negative and positive electrodes respectively. The effects of the non-solvent used, the PVdF concentration in the good solvent and the thickness of the swelled membrane on membrane porosity and on the conductivity of the separator+liquid electrolyte were evaluated. The conductivity decrease, induced by the porous separator introduction and separator thickness influence notably battery performance for high charge rate.
Electrically conducting polypyrrole (Ppy) coatings doped with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) have been deposited on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by anodic polymerization from aqueous solutions of pyrrole and sodium dodecylsulfate. The corrosion behavior of Ppy coated steel was investigated in 0.3M HCl aqueous solution at room temperature by a combination of electrochemical measurement techniques and scanning electron microscopy. The steel is in active state at the open circuit potential and suffers from pitting corrosion when the polarization potential is higher than 210mV versus SCE. The Ppy coating can increase the corrosion potential of the steel by more than 600mV versus SCE, and the pitting corrosion potential by more than 500mV versus SCE. Fifty-day exposure experiments indicated that the Ppy coating shows high stability, and can inhibit effectively the corrosion of the steel.
Background Schizophrenia is characterized by impairment in multiple aspects of community functioning. Available literature suggests that community functioning may be enhanced through cognitive remediation, however, evidence is limited regarding whether specific neurocognitive domains may be treatment targets. We characterized schizophrenia subjects based on their level of community functioning through cluster analysis in an effort to identify whether specific neurocognitive domains were associated with variation in functioning. Methods Schizophrenia (SCZ, n=60) and control (CON, n=45) subjects completed a functional capacity task, social competence role-play, functional attainment interview, and a neuropsychological battery. Multiple cluster analytic techniques were used on the measures of functioning in the schizophrenia subjects to generate functionally-defined subgroups. MANOVA evaluated between-group differences in neurocognition. Results The cluster analysis revealed two distinct groups, consisting of 36 SCZ characterized by high levels of community functioning (HF-SCZ) and 24 SCZ with low levels of community functioning (LF-SCZ). There was a main group effect for neurocognitive performance (p <0.001) with CON outperforming both SCZ groups in all neurocognitive domains. Post-hoc tests revealed that HF-SCZ had higher verbal working memory compared to LF-SCZ (p ≤0.05, Cohen's d =0.78) but the two groups did not differ in remaining domains. Conclusion The cluster analysis classified schizophrenia subjects in HF-SCZ and LF-SCZ using a multidimensional assessment of community functioning. Moreover, HF-SCZ demonstrated rather preserved verbal working memory relative to LF-SCZ. The results suggest that verbal working memory may play a critical role in community functioning, and is a potential cognitive treatment target for schizophrenia subjects.
Novel hierarchical MoS2/graphene (MoS2/G) nanobelts were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal reaction. In this work, the MoO3 nanobelts and graphene nanosheets played the important roles in the preparation of the nanosheet-built nanobelt architecture. Ascribed to the ordered porous hierarchical nanobelt structure and introduction of graphene, the hybrid electrode exhibits much higher electrochemical capacity than pure MoS2 particles. Moreover, the unique ordered hierarchical architecture could greatly relieve the volume change and stack during the electrochemical process, resulting in the excellent cycling stability. Specifically, the hybrid electrode possesses a capacitance of 445.71 F g−1 at 0.8 A g−1 with a high capacity retention of 96.75% at 2 A g−1 after 1000 cycles.
This study provides causal evidence demonstrating that consuming a high flavanol diet improves dentate gyrus function and dentate gyrus–dependent cognitive functions in aged humans.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used medications in the elderly. They have been widely studied as possible preventive agents against cognitive decline because of the properties of anti-inflammatories, which sustain cerebral blood flow and mitigate the neurotoxicity of microglial cells. However, the results remain controversial.
Establishment of 137Cs inventories is often used to gain information on soil stability. The latter is crucial in mountain systems, where ecosystem stability is tightly connected to soil stability. In-situ measurements of 137Cs in steep alpine environments are scarce. Most studies have been carried out in arable lands and with Germanium (Ge) detectors. Sodium Iodide (NaI) detector system is an inexpensive and easy to handle field instrument, but its validity on steep alpine environments has not been tested yet. In this study, a comparison of laboratory measurements with GeLi detector and in-situ measurements with NaI detector of 137Cs gamma soil radiation has been done in an alpine catchment with high 137Cs concentration (Urseren Valley, Switzerland). The aim of this study was to calibrate the in-situ NaI detector system for application on steep alpine slopes. Replicate samples from an altitudinal transect through the Urseren Valley, measured in the laboratory with a GeLi detector, showed a large variability in 137Cs activities at a meter scale. This small-scale heterogeneity determined with the GeLi detector is smoothed out by uncollimated in-situ measurements with the NaI detector, which provides integrated estimates of 137Cs within the field of view (3.1 m2) of each measurement. There was no dependency of 137Cs on pH, clay content and carbon content, but a close relationship was determined between measured 137Cs activities and soil moisture. Thus, in-situ data must be corrected for soil moisture. Close correlation (R 2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001) was found for 137Cs activities (in Bq kg−1) estimated with in-situ (NaI detector) and laboratory (GeLi detector) methods. We thus concluded that the NaI detector system is a suitable tool for in-situ measurements in alpine environments. This paper describes the calibration of the NaI detector system for field application under elevated 137Cs activities originating from Chernobyl fallout.
In this paper, we report the supercapacitor electrodes with excellent cycle stability, which are made of silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) grown on flexible carbon fabric. A high areal capacitance of 23 mF cm−2 is achieved at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1 at room temperature and capacitances increase with the rise of the working temperature. Owing to the excellent thermal stability of SiC NWs and carbon fabric, no observable decrease of capacitance occurs at room temperature (20 °C) after 105 cycles, which satisfies the demands of the commercial applications. Further increasing the measurement temperature to 60 °C, 90% of the initial capacitance is still retained after 105 cycles. This study shows that silicon carbide nanowires on carbon fabric are a promising electrode material for high temperature and stable micro-supercapacitors.
Two types of nanosize intermetallic alloy powders, NiSi and FeSi, are prepared by high-energy ball-milling. The alloys are used as electrode materials in lithium test cells. During lithium insertion into the alloy electrodes, Si acts as active centres, which react with Li to form Li x Si alloys. A high lithium storage capacity of 1180 mA h g−1 is observed for the NiSi electrode, with some reversibility. A mechanism for the reaction of NiSi and FeSi with Li+ is proposed.
Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of mental retardation, arises in individuals with more than 200 CGG repeats in the 5′ untranslated region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Although CGG repeat numbers comparable to those found in the normal human population are found in various non-human primates, neither the within-species size variation nor the propensity for expansion of the CGG repeat has been described for any non-human primate species. The allele distribution has now been determined for FMR1 (homologue) CGG repeats of 265 unrelated founder females of Macaca mulatta monkeys. Among 530 X chromosomes, at least 26 distinct repeat lengths were identified, ranging from 16 to 54 CGG repeats. Of these alleles 79% have between 25 and 33 CGG repeats. Detailed examination of the CGG region revealed a conserved G (CGG)2 G interruption, although in no case was an AGG trinucleotide detected. Two animals carried borderline premutation alleles with 54 CGG repeats, within the region of marginal instability for humans. Thus, M. mulatta may be useful as an animal model for the study of fragile X syndrome.
A core difficulty for individuals with autism is making friends and successfully engaging and interacting with peers. The majority of measures to assess peer interactions are observations in a school setting or self-report. The present study examined the convergent validity of using a teacher rating scale, the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (PIPPS), for collecting information about the quality of peer interactions at school.
The invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida has spread from northeastern Asia to temperate coastal environments worldwide, with profound effects on colonized ecosystems. In this work, we analyzed the effect of exudates from U. pinnatifida on the chemical and microbial properties of seawater from a semi-enclosed gulf from Atlantic Patagonia. Exudates of U. pinnatifida, consisting mainly of carbohydrates, were released at a rate of 1.6 ± 0.8 mg C g−1 algae day−1, affecting the quality and optical properties of seawater in experimental incubations. Parallel factor analysis based on excitation-emission matrices collected from exudates revealed the presence of two humic-like and one non-humic fluorescent components. Exudate release stimulated microbial growth and polysaccharide degrading activity in seawater. After a 7-day incubation of fresh seawater with the exudates, changes in microbial community structure were analyzed by large-scale 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Copiotrophic and fermentative genera such as Spirochaeta (Spirochaetes) and Propionigenium (Fusobacteria) increased in the incubations with algal exudates. Genomic potential prediction revealed that the selected bacterial community could have higher ribosome content—an indicator of the potential for reaching higher metabolic rates—and genes for the degradation of complex organic compounds such as polysaccharides and other carbohydrates present in the exudates. Nutrient addition triggered the emergence of other microbial populations with different ecophysiological niches: unclassified Flavobacteriales, unclassified bacteria related to the recently described Phylum Kiritimatiellaeota, as well as potential pathogens such as Vibrio (Gammaproteobacteria) and Arcobacter (Epsilonproteobacteria), suggesting potential synergistic effects between invasive macroalgae and human activities.
High density of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were synthesized by a hot-wire assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The structural and optical properties of the as-grown SiNWs prepared at different rf power of 40 and 80W were analyzed in this study. The SiNWs prepared at rf power of 40W exhibited highly crystalline structure with a high crystal volume fraction, X C of ∼82% and are surrounded by a thin layer of SiO x . The NWs show high absorption in the high energy region (E>1.8eV) and strong photoluminescence at 1.73 to 2.05eV (red–orange region) with a weak shoulder at 1.65 to 1.73eV (near IR region). An increase in rf power to 80W reduced the X C to ∼65% and led to the formation of nanocrystalline Si structures with a crystallite size of <4nm within the SiNWs. These NWs are covered by a mixture of uncatalyzed amorphous Si layer. The SiNWs prepared at 80W exhibited a high optical absorption ability above 99% in the broadband range between 220 and ∼1500nm and red emission between 1.65 and 1.95eV. The interesting light absorption and photoluminescence properties from both SiNWs are discussed in the text.
Résumé Introduction Les rapports entre perception visuelle et imagerie mentale visuelle sont au centre d’un vif débat théorique entre ceux proposant l’existence de processus neurocognitifs communs et ceux soulignant les diversités entre ces deux entités. La neuropsychologie est à même d’apporter une contribution importante à ce débat, en évaluant les associations et dissociations entre déficits perceptifs et imaginatifs chez les patients présentant des lésions cérébrales. Toutefois, il n’existe pas à ce jour une batterie de tests normalisés permettant de telles évaluations. Matériel et méthode Nous présentons ici une batterie d’évaluation des capacités d’imagerie mentale et de perception visuelle (batterie imagerie-perception, BIP) avec une analyse des effets de l’âge, du niveau d’éducation et du sexe sur les performances. La BIP comprend deux parties, l’une composée de 14 épreuves évaluant l’imagerie mentale visuelle et l’autre de huit épreuves évaluant les capacités de perception visuelle. Ces tests explorent différents domaines d’imagerie et de perception visuelle : objets et animaux, couleurs, matériel numérique, orthographique, spatial et visages. Résultats Les résultats mettent en évidence une influence des facteurs sur les performances et font apparaître des corrélations imagerie/perception pour le domaine orthographique, mais pas pour d’autres domaines cognitifs. Conclusion Ces résultats semblent aller à l’encontre des hypothèses postulant une équivalence entre perception et imagerie mentale visuelle.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a well established technique and adopted in characterizing heterogeneous interface properties in various fields, such as batteries, fuel cells and corrosion. As an extension to traditional linear EIS technique, nonlinear EIS (NLEIS) is a developing technique that benefits from considerably higher resolution, better sensitivity in determining reaction mechanisms with no extra cost for hardware and measurement time. However, the fundamental concepts of harmonic impedance and optimal experimental as well as analysis procedure have yet to be fully developed. This paper explores the potential and some fundamental characteristics of NLEIS by revisiting one of the most stable and well understood electrochemical systems – the ferri–ferrocyanide redox couple. It was found that the inflections on odd harmonic curves follow a predictable trend, shifting towards lower frequency with increasing order. Even harmonics behave differently and contain critical information about the symmetry of the system. In contrast to EIS where the transfer coefficient is obtained by measurements on solutions of different concentrations, it is demonstrated that analysis of the even harmonics can yield the transfer coefficient for the reaction from measurements of a single solution.
Pseudocapacitive manganese oxide films have been synthesized by anodic oxidation of metallic films deposited by sputtering. Results are presented from an electrochemical investigation into properties of these thin sputtered manganese films. Mn films with thickness ranging from 20 to 200nm have been sputtered onto Pt coated Si wafers in an Argon atmosphere. Electrochemical oxidation converts the metal film into a porous, dendritic structure which displays significant pseudocapacitance. We have observed a specific capacitance (C s) of 700F/g when cycled very slowly at a constant current density of 160μA/cm2. The same films probed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a rate of 5mV/s yielded a lower specific capacitance of 400–450F/g. Post-oxidation material loading was measured to be in the range of 25–75μg/cm2.
Manganese (II) oxide (MnO) nanoparticles with nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon coating were fabricated via an efficient carbonization process using pyrrole, acrylonitrile and pyridine as different carbon sources, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) characterizations reveal the uniform carbon coating on the MnO nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements demonstrate the presence of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N in the carbon coating. The nanocomposite using pyridine as carbon source exhibited superior cycling and rate performance, which could deliver a reversible capacity of 634mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100mA g−1 and the capacities of 591, 510, 440, 310 mAh g−1 at 100, 200, 400 and 800mA g−1, respectively. From the comparison of the electrochemical performances of the MnO and N-doped carbon nanocoposites derived from different carbon sources, pyridinic N contributes more to the improvement of cycling performance and rate capability than pyrrolic N.
Hollow structured graphene-polyaniline spheres (GSA/PANI HS) were prepared via a facile and efficient Pickering emulsion polymerization using sulfonated graphene (GSA) as Pickering stabilizer. In our procedure, amphiphilic sulfonated graphene (GSA) was first synthesized and used to stabilize an oil phase containing aniline. Upon aniline polymerization at the oil/water interface, graphene-polyaniline hollow sphere (GSA/PANI HS) with a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface, was generated. The size as well as the electrochemical properties of GSA/PANI HS could be easily adjusted by varying the amphipathicity and concentration of GSA, and the oil-water volume ratios of the Pickering emulsions. The synthesized GSA/PANI HS exhibited superior performance in supercapacitors compared to the common stacked two-dimensional GSA/PANI composite owing to its unique hollow structure, which provides a larger accessible surface area and reduces the transport length for both charge and ion The specific capacitance of GSA/PANI HS can reach 546 F g−1, more than two folds higher than stacked two-dimensional GSA/PANI composite. In addition, GSA/PANI HS reveals enhanced capacitance retention at higher scan rates (76% from 5 to 500 mV s−1) and current densities (83.5% from 0.5 to 10 A g−1), demonstrating superior electrochemical accessibility of the 3D hollow nanostructure. Furthermore, good cycling stability is also demonstrated, which render them interesting candidates for future electrochemical energy storage systems. This approach represents a simple, convenient and controllable route for the preparation of hollow graphene-polyaniline nanostructures for high performance supercapacitor applications.