Question: When was the public research university which  Carol Brayne is a Professor of Public Health Medicine at founded

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Yale School of Public Health: The Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and is one of the oldest public health masters programs in the United States.  It is consistently rated among the best schools of public health in the country, receiving recent rankings of 3rd for its doctoral program in Epidemiology.  YSPH has a unique hybrid existence with the Yale School of Medicine, as it is both a department (established in 1915) within the School of Medicine as well as an independent, CEPH-certified school of public health (established in 1946).  According to the school's website, the community benefits greatly from the Yale School of Public Health's dual roles of providing a world–class education as an accredited, fully functioning school, and by conducting cutting–edge, interdisciplinary research through its collaborative departmental partnerships at the School of Medicine and across the Yale campus.

Perry N. Halkitis: Perry N. Halkitis, Ph.D., M.S., MPH (born February 24, 1963) is an American of Greek ancestry public health psychologist and applied statistician known for his research on the health of LGBT populations with an emphasis on HIV/AIDS, substance use, and mental health.  Perry is Dean and Professor of Biostatistics, Health Education, and Behavioral Science at the Rutgers School of Public Health.  Between 1998 and 2017, Perry was faculty at New York University, serving in a variety of capacities, the last of which was Senior Association Dean for Academic and Faculty Affairs at the College of Global Public Health and Professor of Global Public Health, Applied Psychology, and Medicine.  He is also the founder and director of the Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies (CHIBPS) at New York University, a bio-behavioral funded research site funded that also serves as a training site for public health, psychology, medical and student scholars working in the arena of LGBT health disparities informed by a theory of syndemics.

Deborah Prothrow-Stith: Deborah Prothrow-Stith, M.D. is Dean and Professor at Charles R. Drew University College of Medicine.  She advised top-tier healthcare institutions on leadership as a principal at Spencer Stuart and she served as the Henry Pickering Walcott Professor of Public Health Practice and Associate Dean for Diversity at Harvard School of Public Health where she created the Division of Public Health Practice and secured over $14 million in grant funding for health programs.  While working in inner-city Boston, she broke new ground with efforts to define youth violence as a health problem.  She developed The Violence Prevention Curriculum for Adolescents, a forerunner of violence prevention curricula for schools and authored or co-authored Deadly Consequences (HarperCollins 1991); Murder Is No Accident (Jossey Bass Publishers, 2004); Sugar and Spice and No Longer Nice, (Jossey Bass Publishers, 2005); a high school textbook, Health (Pearson 2014); and, over 100 articles.  In 1987, Governor Michael Dukakis appointed her Commissioner of Public Health for Massachusetts where she led a department with 3,500 employees, 8 hospitals and a budget of $350 million.  She and her family lived in Tanzania during her husband’s tenure as U.S. Ambassador.  Dr. Prothrow-Stith is a graduate of Spelman College and Harvard Medical School and a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine.  In 2003, she was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Medicine.  She has received ten honorary doctorates and in 2017, she was named Woman of the Year for the 2nd District by the LA County Board of Supervisors.

James W. Curran: James "Jim" W. Curran is professor of epidemiology and dean of the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University.  He is an adjunct Professor of Medicine and Nursing, and Co-Director and Principal Investigator of the Emory Center for AIDS Research.  He is immediate past chair of the board on Population Health and Public Health Practice of the Institute of Medicine and served on the Executive Committee of the Association of Schools of Public Health.  Additionally, he holds an endowed chair known as the James W. Curran Dean of Public Health.  Dr. Curran is considered to be a pioneer, leader, and expert in the field of HIV/AIDS.

Emily Ying Yang Chan: Emily Ying Yang Chan is the Assistant Dean (Development) and Professor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Associate Director (External Affairs and Collaboration) at the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care and Director at the Centre for Global Health (CGH), Director of the Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), Visiting Professor of Public Health Medicine at the Oxford University Nuffield Department of Medicine, Visiting Scholar at Harvard University FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Senior Fellow at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Honorary Professor at University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, and Fellow at Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.

University of Cambridge: The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University) is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England.  Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university.  The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople.  The two medieval universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as "Oxbridge".

Professional degrees of public health: The Master of Public Health (M.P.H.), Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH), Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) and the Doctor of Public Health (Dr.P.H.) , International Masters for Health Leadership] (IMHL)] are multi-disciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health.  The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching.  Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Programs in Public Health, Medical Schools, Schools of Public Health, and Schools of Public Affairs.

Gabriel Leung: Gabriel Matthew Leung, GBS, JP (, born in 1972 in Hong Kong), a clinician and a respected public health authority, is Dean of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong (HKU).  Leung concurrently holds the Chair of Public Health Medicine at HKU.

London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine: The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (informally the LSHTM) is a public research university on Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, Camden, London, and specialised in public health and tropical medicine and a constituent college of the University of London.  It was founded by Sir Patrick Manson in 1899 and is one of the most prestigious institutions in the world in the fields of public health and infectious diseases, ranking highly in both national and international league tables.

Carol Brayne: Carol Elspeth Goodeve Brayne CBE, is a British academic, and the Professor of Public Health Medicine at the University of Cambridge and Chair of Wellcome's Population and Public Health Review Group.  She is Director of the Cambridge Institute of Public Health.

Supporting paragraphs: Carol Brayne University of Cambridge
Answer: in 1209