Question: On Giants' Shoulders was written in 1998 by Melvyn Bragg, the book was assembled after a series of interviews Bragg had with current scientists about the world's greatest scientists such as which English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution?

Context paragraphs:
The Adventure of English: The Adventure of English is a British television series (ITV) on the history of the English language presented by Melvyn Bragg as well as a companion book, also written by Bragg.  The series ran in 2003.

BBC Darwin Season: The BBC Darwin Season is a series of television and radio programmes commissioned by the BBC in 2009 to celebrate the bicentenary of the great naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and the 150th anniversary of the publication of his revolutionary book, On the Origin of Species in November, 1859.  In partnership with the Open University, the BBC produced a special documentary, Charles Darwin and the Tree of Life, narrated by David Attenborough, and three major series.  Other presenters involved are Andrew Marr, Melvyn Bragg and Jimmy Doherty.  The overall commissioning editor for the season is Martin Davidson, the BBC's commissioning editor for specialist factual (in-house).  Contributing units of the BBC are BBC Science, the Natural History Unit, the Religion and Ethics department and the children's channel, CBBC.

Melvyn Bragg: Melvyn Bragg, Baron Bragg, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} , (born 6 October 1939) is an English broadcaster, author and parliamentarian.  He is best known for his work with ITV as editor and presenter of "The South Bank Show" (1978–2010), and for the Radio 4 discussion series "In Our Time".

Richard Swineshead: Richard Swineshead (also Suisset, Suiseth, etc.) (fl.  c. 1340 – 1354) was an English mathematician, logician, and natural philosopher.  He was perhaps the greatest of the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, where he was a fellow certainly by 1344 and possibly by 1340.  His magnum opus was a series of treatises known as the "Liber calculationum" ("Book of Calculations"), written c. 1350, which earned him the nickname of The Calculator.

John Aubrey: John Aubrey FRS ( ; 12 March 1626 – 7 June 1697), was an English antiquary, natural philosopher and writer.  He is perhaps best known as the author of the "Brief Lives", his collection of short biographical pieces.  He was a pioneer archaeologist, who recorded (often for the first time) numerous megalithic and other field monuments in southern England, and who is particularly noted as the discoverer of the Avebury henge monument.  The Aubrey holes at Stonehenge are named after him, although there is considerable doubt as to whether the holes that he observed are those that currently bear the name.  He was also a pioneer folklorist, collecting together a miscellany of material on customs, traditions and beliefs under the title "Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme".  He set out to compile county histories of both Wiltshire and Surrey, although both projects remained unfinished.  His "Interpretation of Villare Anglicanum" (also unfinished) was the first attempt to compile a full-length study of English place-names.  He had wider interests in applied mathematics and astronomy, and was friendly with many of the greatest scientists of the day.

Isaac Newton in popular culture: Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, natural philosopher, theologian, alchemist and one of the most influential scientists in human history.  His "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" is considered to be one of the most influential book in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics by describing universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.  In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus.

On Giants' Shoulders: On Giants' Shoulders was written in 1998 by Melvyn Bragg.  The book was assembled after a series of interviews Bragg had with current scientists about the world's greatest scientists such as Archimedes, Isaac Newton and Einstein.  Bragg, who brands himself as a "non-scientist", conducted these interviews on BBC Radio 4 for other non-scientists.  The book looks at the notion of being a "genius" and through discussions with 20th-century scientists explores the extent to which the great scientists of history were geniuses.

Reel History of Britain: Reel History of Britain is a 20 part series presented by Melvyn Bragg about the history of modern Britain through the eyes of people who were there.  It was first broadcast on BBC Two, from 5–30 September 2011.  The programme is a social history documentary charting the course of the twentieth century through archive film, plus interviews and recollections of key events that have taken place in the last one-hundred years since the advent of moving film.

Isaac Newton: Sir Isaac Newton {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.  His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics.  Newton also made pathbreaking contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.

Richard Towneley: Richard Towneley (10 October 1629 – 22 January 1707) was an English mathematician, natural philosopher and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley, Lancashire.  He was the nephew of Christopher Towneley, who corresponded with (and possibly introduced to each other) a group of seventeenth-century astronomers in the north of England which included Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree and William Gascoigne, the pioneer astronomers who laid the groundwork for research astronomy in the UK.  An investigation carried out with the physician Henry Power, followed by correspondence with Robert Boyle, showed the relationship between the pressure and volume of gas in a closed system and led to the formulation of Boyle's Law, or as Boyle named it, Mr. Towneley's hypothesis.  He introduced John Flamsteed to the micrometer and invented the deadbeat escapement used in two clocks in the Greenwich Observatory.

Supporting paragraphs: On Giants' Shoulders Isaac Newton
Answer: Isaac Newton