Question: Ann Willing Bingham, was an American socialite from Philadelphia, she was the eldest daughter of Thomas Willing, president of the First Bank of the United States, and a correspondent of   the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and later served as the third President of the United States?

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Stephen Simpson (writer): Stephen Simpson (July 24, 1789 – August 17, 1854) was born in Philadelphia, the son of George Simpson, a prominent Philadelphia banker.  During the War of 1812 he fought in the Battle of New Orleans under General Andrew Jackson.  Through his father's connections Stephen became a cashier at the First Bank of the United States where he soon resigned and went to work at Stephen Girard's bank.  Soon after he worked as a writer for a local newspaper where he wrote a series of editorials publicly attacking the First Bank of the United States.  He later co-founded the "Columbian Observer" where he continued his public attacks on this bank.

Walter V. Bingham: Walter Van Dyke Bingham (1880–1952) was an applied and industrial psychologist who made significant contributions to intelligence testing.  A pioneer in applied psychology, Bingham got his start in experimental psychology, receiving his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago under James R. Angell.  Bingham went from Dartmouth in 1915 to organize the Division of Applied Psychology at the Carnegie Institute of Technology.  When war came to the United States, Bingham was recruited by Robert Yerkes as a member of a small group that developed the Army Alpha and Beta tests.  During World War I Bingham served as executive secretary of the committee on classification of personnel in the U.S. Army, and later in the war served as lieutenant colonel in the Personnel Branch of the Army General Staff.  From 1940 to 1947 Bingham was chief psychologist of the Adjutant General's Office of the War Department, serving as consultant or advisor to the Surgeon General, the Army General Staff, and the Secretary of Defense.  Walter Bingham’s contribution on the army classification methods paved the development of the field of industrial psychology.  Bingham carried out editorial responsibilities for several journals and was the author of over 200 articles and books.  His "Aptitude and Aptitude Testing" (1937/1942) is a classic in the field.

Morgan Bulkeley: Morgan Gardner Bulkeley (December 26, 1837 – November 6, 1922) was an American politician, businessman, and sports executive.  A Republican, he served in the American Civil War, and became a Hartford bank president before becoming the third president of the Aetna Life Insurance Company, a post he held for 43 years.  He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in recognition of his role as the first president of the National League.  Bulkeley served on the Hartford City Council and was a four-term mayor of Hartford.  He later served as the 54th Governor of Connecticut for two terms and as a United States Senator.

Ann Willing Bingham: Ann (or Anne) Willing Bingham (August 1, 1764May 11, 1801) was an American socialite from Philadelphia, regarded as one of the most beautiful women of her day.  She was the eldest daughter of Thomas Willing, president of the First Bank of the United States, the wife of the wealthy William Bingham, mother-in-law of Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, and correspondent of Thomas Jefferson among others.  Her correspondence with Jefferson led to the construct of the United States Bill of Rights.  Through many letters, she convinced Jefferson that the Constitution would not last and the individual citizens would have their rights impeded from the interests of the majority.  Jefferson was finally convinced and in turn presented her ideas to James Madison (may not have used her name due to the nature of the ideas origin) and Madison agreed to the proposal.  Madison then proposed the Individual Bill of Rights and Bingham's ideas were adopted by Congress.

Thomas Jefferson: Author of America: Thomas Jefferson: Author of America is a short biography of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States (1801–09) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), by author, journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens.

Thomas Willing: Thomas Willing (December 19, 1731 – January 19, 1821) was an American merchant, a Delegate to the Continental Congress from Pennsylvania and the first president of the First Bank of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809.  Previously, he was elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801.  A proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation, he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.  He was a land owner and farmer.

Draped Bust dollar: The Draped Bust dollar is a United States dollar coin minted from 1795 to 1803, and was reproduced, dated 1804, into the 1850s.  The design succeeded the Flowing Hair dollar, which began mintage in 1794 and was the first silver dollar struck by the United States Mint.  The designer is unknown, though the distinction is usually credited to artist Gilbert Stuart.  The model is also unknown, though Ann Willing Bingham has been suggested.

Banking in the Jacksonian Era: The Second Bank of the United States opened in January 1817, six years after the First Bank of the United States lost its charter.  The Second Bank of the United States was headquartered in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, the same as the First Bank, and had branches throughout the nation.  The Second Bank was chartered by many of the same congressmen who in 1811 had refused to renew the charter of the original Bank of the United States.  The predominant reason that the Second Bank of the United States was chartered was that in the War of 1812, the U.S. experienced severe inflation and had difficulty in financing military operations.  Subsequently, the credit and borrowing status of the United States was at its lowest level since its founding.

Declaration of Sentiments: The Declaration of Sentiments, also known as the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, is a document signed in 1848 by 68 women and 32 men—100 out of some 300 attendees at the first women's rights convention to be organized by women.  Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it is now known as the Seneca Falls Convention.  The principal author of the Declaration was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who modeled it upon the United States Declaration of Independence.  She was a key organizer of the convention along with Lucretia Coffin Mott, and Martha Coffin Wright.

Supporting paragraphs: Ann Willing Bingham Thomas Jefferson
Answer: Thomas Jefferson