Question: Tauriel is a fictional character from Peter Jackson's film adaptation of a novel published in what year?

Context paragraphs:
Valentine (novel): Valentine (1832) was a novel published by French author George Sand.  This was the second novel published in Sand's career as an independent author, the novel is notable for displaying many of Sand's preoccupations as an emerging novelist: love, social class, greed, liberty, and family ties.  Like many of Sand's novels, the novel takes its name from its title character Valentine, who is born into an aristocratic family but falls in love with the peasant farmer, Benedict.  Star-crossed lovers belonging to different social classes were to become a major theme in Sand's works, which interrogated what the author perceived as the hypocrisy and rigidity of social norms in the Restoration-period French republic.

Christian Rivers: Christian Rivers is a New Zealand storyboard artist, visual effects supervisor, special effects technician and director.  He first met Peter Jackson as a 17-year-old, and storyboarded all of Jackson's films since "Braindead".  He also cameoed in "" as a Gondorian soldier and "King Kong" as a Soldier in Truck.  He will also direct the upcoming adaptation of "Mortal Engines" and the remake of "The Dam Busters", both produced by Peter Jackson.

Peter Jackson's King Kong: Peter Jackson's King Kong is an action-adventure video game developed and published by Ubisoft, based on the 2005 film "King Kong".  The game was created in collaboration between the film's director, Peter Jackson, and game designer, Michel Ancel.

Manu Bennett: Jonathan Manu Bennett (born 10 October 1969) is a New Zealand born actor.  He is known for his portrayal as the Gallic gladiator Crixus in the Starz television series "Spartacus".  He has also appeared as the orc commander Azog the Defiler in Peter Jackson's three-part film adaptation based on "The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien, and as supervillain Slade Wilson/Deathstroke in The CW TV series "Arrow".  Since January 2016, he plays the role of Allanon in the MTV series "The Shannara Chronicles", based on the "Shannara" novel series by Terry Brooks.

Atticus Finch: Atticus Finch is a fictional character in author Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize winning novel of 1960, "To Kill a Mockingbird".  A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel "Go Set a Watchman", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015.  Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch.  Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial. " Book Magazine"' s list of "The 100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900" names Finch as the seventh best fictional character of 20th-century literature.  In 2003 the American Film Institute voted Atticus Finch, as portrayed in an Academy Award-winning performance by Gregory Peck in the 1962 film adaptation, as the greatest hero of all American cinema.

The Hobbit (film series): The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.  They are based on the 1937 novel "The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to "The Return of the King", which expand on the story told in "The Hobbit", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.  Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy.  The films are subtitled "" (2012), "" (2013), and "" (2014).

The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies: The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies is a 2014 epic high fantasy action film directed by Peter Jackson and written by Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro.  It is the third and final installment in Peter Jackson's three-part film adaptation based on the novel "The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien, following "" (2012) and "" (2013), and together they act as a prequel to Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy.  It was produced by New Line Cinema, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and WingNut Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.  "The Battle of the Five Armies" was released on 11 December 2014 in New Zealand, 12 December 2014 in the United Kingdom, and on 17 December 2014 in the United States.  It stars Martin Freeman, Ian McKellen, Richard Armitage, Evangeline Lilly, Lee Pace, Luke Evans, Benedict Cumberbatch, Ken Stott, and James Nesbitt.  It also features Cate Blanchett, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, and Orlando Bloom.  The film received mixed reviews and grossed over $956 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2014 and the 38th highest-grossing film of all time.  At the 87th Academy Awards, the film received a nomination for Best Sound Editing.

The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson.  It is the first installment in a three-part film adaptation based on the 1937 novel "The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien.  It is followed by "" (2013) and "" (2014), and together they act as a prequel to Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy.  The film's screenplay was written by Peter Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010.

The Lovely Bones: The Lovely Bones is a 2002 novel by Alice Sebold.  It is the story of a teenage girl who, after being raped and murdered, watches from her personal Heaven as her family and friends struggle to move on with their lives while she comes to terms with her own death.  The novel received much critical praise and became an instant bestseller.  A film adaptation, directed by Peter Jackson, who personally purchased the rights, was released in 2009.

Tauriel: Tauriel is a fictional character from Peter Jackson's feature film adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit".  The character does not appear in the original book, but was created by Peter Jackson, Philippa Boyens and Fran Walsh as an expansion of material adapted from the book, and first appears in the second and third films in that trilogy, "" and "".  She is a Woodland Elf whose name has been translated as "Daughter of the forest", and is the head of the Mirkwood Elven guard.  She is played by Canadian actress Evangeline Lilly, who was nominated for several awards for her performance in "The Desolation of Smaug", with some of the stunt work performed by Australian stuntwoman Ingrid Kleinig.

Supporting paragraphs: Tauriel The Hobbit (film series)
Answer: 1937