Question: What year did American director of music videos, Melina Matsoukas direct Rihanna's single "We Found Love"?

Context paragraphs:
Why Don't You Love Me (Beyoncé song): "Why Don't You Love Me" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her third studio album, "I Am... Sasha Fierce" (2008).  It was written by Knowles, Angela Beyincé, Solange Knowles and the Bama Boyz and produced by the Bama Boyz and Knowles.  "Why Don't You Love Me" is an R&B and dance-pop song that is set in a retro style.  According to its lyrics, Knowles questions her love interest about why he does not value her fabulousness.  Its 1950s-styled music video was directed by Melina Matsoukas and Knowles under the alias Bee-Z, and it stars the latter as "B.B. Homemaker".  Knowles pays homage to Bettie Page in the video, which critics universally commended for its 1950's style sets and costumes.  They also complimented Knowles for her acting skills.

Nathan Scherrer: Nathan Scherrer, born 1988 in Northport, Michigan, is an American music video and commercial executive producer and creative producer who has been nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Pharrell William's Freedom and Dead Weather's I Feel Love, and in 2016 won the Grammy for Best Music Video for Beyonce’s Formation video which was directed by Melina Matsoukas.  The video also won the Cannes Gran Prix Best Music Video award and the best music video of year award at the BET Awards.  It also won the video of year at the VMAs in 2017.  He was also among several producers who were nominated for Beyonces music film, Lemonade, which won the best long form music video award at the 2017 VMAs.

Rihanna videography: Barbadian singer Rihanna has released four video albums and appeared in fifty-two music videos, six films, ten television programs, and eight television commercials.  In 2005, Rihanna signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings and released her debut single "Pon de Replay", taken from her first studio album "Music of the Sun" (2005).  Like its lyrical theme, the music video for the song was inspired by disco and dance; it was directed by Little X.  Three separate videos were released for "SOS", the lead single from her second studio album "A Girl Like Me" (2006), all of which contained various dance sequences.  The same year, American director Anthony Mandler directed the accompanying music video for the second single "Unfaithful", which featured Rihanna in a dangerous love triangle with her lover and her husband.  "Unfaithful" was Rihanna's first collaboration with Mandler; they later worked together regularly.  Also in 2006, Rihanna played herself in the third installment of the "Bring It On" film series, entitled "".

We Found Love (music video): The music video for Barbadian singer Rihanna's 2011 single "We Found Love" was directed by Melina Matsoukas.  It was filmed on September 26–28, 2011, in the New Lodge area of Belfast and Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland.  People driving around the location of the set informed BBC that traffic in the area was congested as drivers wanted to see the singer.  The video premiered on October 19, 2011, and was made available to download digitally three days later on October 22.  As of September 2017, the video has amassed over 740 million views on YouTube.

Melina Matsoukas: Melina Matsoukas (born January 14, 1981) is an American director of music videos, television shows and commercials.  She is a two-time Grammy Award winner for her "We Found Love" and "Formation" music videos.

We Found Love: "We Found Love" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her sixth studio album, "Talk That Talk" (2011).  It was written and produced by, and features Scottish DJ Calvin Harris; the song was also featured on his third album "18 Months" (2012).  "We Found Love" premiered on September 22, 2011, on the Capital FM radio station in the United Kingdom, and was made available to download on the same day as the lead single from "Talk That Talk".  "We Found Love" is an uptempo electro house song, with elements of techno and Europop.  The song's lyrics speak of a couple who "found love in a hopeless place".

I Found Love (Now That I Found You): "I Found Love (Now That I Found You)" is a 1977 disco single by Love & Kisses, a studio group formed by Alec Costandinos.  Along with the track "Accidental Lover", "I Found Love (Now That I Found You)", from Love & Kisses self-titled debut album, hit number one on the disco/dance chart for three weeks in July 1977.  The single, written by Costandinos, can be found on the compilation CD, "Disco Nights Vol.  3: The Best of Euro Disco".  A brief snippet of this song is used in "The Diva Megamix", which is on "Pure Disco 2".

Ultra Violet (Bananarama album): Ultra Violet and I Found Love are two titles given to the seventh studio album released by British girl group Bananarama in 1995.  Originally released in Japan only, with the title "I Found Love", the album was renamed and repackaged as "Ultra Violet" in other countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, and continental Europe, where it was marketed either at the same time or in the following years.  Neither "Ultra Violet" nor "I Found Love" was ever released in the United Kingdom, where the band had not had any hits since their 1993 cover of "More, More, More" (and would not again until 2005 with the single "Move in My Direction").

Alicia Keys videography: American recording artist Alicia Keys has appeared in numerous music videos.  Her videography includes more than thirty music videos and three video albums.  In 2000, Keys signed a recording contract with J Records and released her debut single "Fallin'", taken from her first studio album "Songs in A minor" (2001).  The plot of its music video had Keys traveling to a prison to visit her incarcerated boyfriend and was continued in the video for her next single, "A Woman's Worth;" both videos marked Keys' first collaboration with director Chris Robinson, who would become a regular collaborator later.  In 2004, another regular, American director Diane Martel, directed the accompanying music video for the second single from the singer's second album "The Diary of Alicia Keys", "If I Ain't Got You", which featured rapper Method Man as Keys' love interest.  It won the Best R&B Video accolade at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards.

Michael Bay filmography: American director and producer Michael Bay started his career directing music videos and commercials.  This included a commercial for the American Red Cross in 1992 which received a Clio Award, and music videos for Donny Osmond, and Meat Loaf.  Jerry Bruckheimer recognizing his achievements on commercials offered him the chance to direct one of his productions as Bay's feature film debut.  Bay did so with Bruckheimer's action comedy "Bad Boys" starring Will Smith, and Martin Lawrence.  In the same year he also received a Directors Guild of America Award for his work on commercials.  Bay followed this with action film "The Rock" starring Sean Connery, and Nicolas Cage.  The film was a commercial success grossing over $335 million at the worldwide box-office.  In 1998, he directed, and produced the science fiction disaster film "Armageddon" which was the highest-grossing film of the year, and Bay received the Saturn Award for Best Director.  After the success of "Armageddon" he also became the youngest director to gross $1 billion at the worldwide box-office.

Supporting paragraphs: Melina Matsoukas We Found Love (music video)
Answer: 2011