Question: Navier–Stokes equations were partially named after which French engineer?

Context paragraphs:
Ladyzhenskaya's inequality: In mathematics, Ladyzhenskaya's inequality is any of a number of related functional inequalities named after the Soviet Russian mathematician Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya.  The original such inequality, for functions of two real variables, was introduced by Ladyzhenskaya in 1958 to prove the existence and uniqueness of long-time solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in two spatial dimensions (for smooth enough initial data).  There is an analogous inequality for functions of three real variables, but the exponents are slightly different; much of the difficulty in establishing existence and uniqueness of solutions to the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations stems from these different exponents.  Ladyzhenskaya's inequality is one member of a broad class of inequalities known as interpolation inequalities.

NSMB (mathematics): NSMB is a computer system for solving Navier–Stokes equations using the finite volume method.  It supports meshes built of several blocks (multi-blocks) and supports parallelisation.  The name stands for "Navier–Stokes multi-block".  It was developed by a consortium of European scientific institutions and companies, between 1992 and 2003.

Navier–Stokes equations: In physics, the Navier–Stokes equations , named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes, describe the motion of viscous fluid substances.  These balance equations arise from applying Newton's second law to fluid motion, together with the assumption that the stress in the fluid is the sum of a diffusing viscous term (proportional to the gradient of velocity) and a pressure term—hence describing "viscous flow".  The main difference between them and the simpler Euler equations for inviscid flow is that Navier–Stokes equations also factor in the Froude limit (no external field) and are not conservation equations, but rather a dissipative system, in the sense that they cannot be put into the quasilinear homogeneous form:

Stokes' law: In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression, now known as Stokes' law, for the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid.  Stokes' law is derived by solving the Stokes flow limit for small Reynolds numbers of the Navier–Stokes equations.

Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet: Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903), was a physicist and mathematician.  Born in Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1849 until his death in 1903.  In physics, Stokes made seminal contributions to fluid dynamics (including the Navier–Stokes equations) and to physical optics.  In mathematics he formulated the first version of what is now known as Stokes' theorem and contributed to the theory of asymptotic expansions.  He served as secretary, then president, of the Royal Society of London.

Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness: The Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness problem concerns the mathematical properties of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, one of the pillars of fluid mechanics (such as with turbulence).  These equations describe the motion of a fluid (that is, a liquid or a gas) in space.  Solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations are used in many practical applications.  However, theoretical understanding of the solutions to these equations is incomplete.  In particular, solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations often include turbulence, which remains one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics, despite its immense importance in science and engineering.

Stokesian dynamics: is a solution technique for the Langevin equation, which is the relevant form of Newton's 2nd law for a Brownian particle.  The method treats the suspended particles in a discrete sense while the continuum approximation remains valid for the surrounding fluid, i.e., the suspended particles are generally assumed to be significantly larger than the molecules of the solvent.  The particles then interact through hydrodynamic forces transmitted via the continuum fluid, and when the particle Reynolds number is small, these forces are determined through the linear Stokes equations (hence the name of the method).  In addition, the method can also resolve non-hydrodynamic forces, such as Brownian forces, arising from the fluctuating motion of the fluid, and interparticle or external forces.  Stokesian Dynamics can thus be applied to a variety of problems, including sedimentation, diffusion and rheology, and it aims to provide the same level of understanding for multiphase particulate systems as molecular dynamics does for statistical properties of matter.  For formula_1 rigid particles of radius formula_2 suspended in an incompressible Newtonian fluid of viscosity formula_3 and density formula_4, the motion of the fluid is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, while the motion of the particles is described by the coupled equation of motion:

Euler equations (fluid dynamics): In fluid dynamics, the Euler equations are a set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow.  They are named after Leonhard Euler.  The equations represent Cauchy equations of conservation of mass (continuity), and balance of momentum and energy, and can be seen as particular Navier–Stokes equations with zero viscosity and zero thermal conductivity.  In fact, Euler equations can be obtained by linearization of some more precise continuity equations like Navier–Stokes equations in a local equilibrium state given by a Maxwellian.  The Euler equations can be applied to incompressible and to compressible flow – assuming the flow velocity is a solenoidal field, or using another appropriate energy equation respectively (the simplest form for Euler equations being the conservation of the specific entropy).  Historically, only the incompressible equations have been derived by Euler.  However, fluid dynamics literature often refers to the full set – including the energy equation – of the more general compressible equations together as "the Euler equations".

Claude-Louis Navier: Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier; ] ; 10 February 1785 – 21 August 1836), was a French engineer and physicist who specialized in mechanics.

Leray projection: The Leray projection, named after Jean Leray, is an linear operator used in the theory of partial differential equations, specifically in the fields of fluid dynamics.  Informally, it can be seen as the projection on the divergence-free vector fields.  It is used in particular to eliminate both the pressure term and the divergence-free term in the Stokes equations and Navier–Stokes equations.

Supporting paragraphs: Navier–Stokes equations Claude-Louis Navier
Answer: Claude-Louis Navier