Question: "Don" Carlos, Duke of Madrid was the senior member of the House of Bourbon, a European royal house of French origin, a branch of what?

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Brazilian imperial family: The Brazilian Imperial Family is a royal family and cadet branch of the Portuguese Royal House of Braganza that ruled the Empire of Brazil for 67 years, between 1822 and 1889, after the proclamation of independence by Prince Pedro of Braganza who was later acclaimed as Pedro I, "Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil".  The members of the family are dynastic descendants of Emperor Pedro I. Claimants to headship of the post-monarchic Brazilian Imperial legacy descend from Emperor Pedro II, including the senior agnates of two branches of the House of Orléans-Braganza; the so-called "Petrópolis" and "Vassouras" lines.  Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza (born 1945) heads the "Petrópolis" line, while the "Vassouras" branch is led by his second cousin, Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza.  Rivalry within the family erupted in 1946 when "Dom" Pedro Gastão (1913–2007) repudiated the renunciation to the throne of his late father, Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará (1875–1940), for himself and his future descendants, when he made a non-dynastic marriage in 1908.  Pedro de Alcântara was the eldest son of the Princess Imperial Isabel (1846–1921) who, as Pedro II's elder daughter and heir presumptive when he was dethroned, became the last undisputed head of the family after her father's death in exile in 1891.  Pedro Carlos is "Dom" Pedro Gastão's eldest son.  "Dom" Luiz descends from Isabel's younger son, Prince Luís (1878–1920) who, by a Bourbon princess, fathered Prince Pedro Henrique (1909–1981).  Dom Luiz is Pedro Henrique's son by a Bavarian princess and upholds his dynastic claim to the same legacy.

The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof: The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof (variation : Mbin Boureh Gnilane in Serer) was a royal house founded in the 14th century by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (var : "Bouré Gnilane Diouf" or "Buré Ñilaan").  He was a member the Serer tribe, from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal.  It was the first royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar period (1350 - 1969).  Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal prince and a Jaraff (var : "Diaraf"), a with the powers of a Prime Minister.  He was neither a Maad a Sinig (king of Sine) nor a Maad Saloum (king of Saloum) but a royal prince who had the title "Jaraff" bestowed upon him by his cousin and brother-in-law - Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye (king of Sine).  His father Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (the conqueror) was the king of Laa and Teigne of Baol (king of Baol).  Boureh's brothers were the first from this house to have succeeded to the throne of Sine during the Guelowar period.  His name was adopted in his honour to refer to the first royal house founded by the Joof family during this dynastic period.  The Joof family of Sine, from this royal house also ruled in the Kingdom of Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum) The Joof family also ruled in Baol (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol).  From the date of its foundation up to the abolition of the Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum in 1969, at least ten kings from this house had succeeded to the throne of Sine.  As the first royal house of Sine founded by the Joof family in this dynastic period, the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof holds great significance in Senegambian, Joof family and , because all the subsequent royal houses founded by the Joof family (who ruled in three Senegambian kingdoms) branched out from this royal house.

Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou: Louis Alphonse of Bourbon-Segovia, Duke of Anjou (Spanish: "Luis Alfonso Jaime Marcelino Manuel Víctor María de Borbón-Segovia y Martínez-Bordiú" , French: "Louis Alphonse Gonzalve Victor Emmanuel Marc de Bourbon" ; born 25 April 1974 in Madrid) is a member of the Royal House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct French throne as Louis XX.

House of Bourbon: The House of Bourbon ( ; ] ) is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty ( ).  Bourbonic kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century.  By the 18th century, members of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma.  Spain and Luxembourg currently have monarchs of the House of Bourbon.

Maad Semou Njekeh Joof: Maad Semou Njekeh Joof (English spelling the Gambia.  Variations: Maad Semou Djiké Diouf - French spelling in Senegal, Bour Sémou Djiké Diouf, Buur Sémou Djiké Diouf, Semou Njiké, Maat Semou Ndiké Diouf, etc.) was a member of the Joof Dynasty of the Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal.  "Maad" or Maad a Sinig means king of Sine in the Serer language.  He was the founder of the Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof, founded in the early eighteenth century.  His royal house was the third and last royal house founded by the Joof family of Sine and Saloum.  Since its foundation, at least seven kings of Sine from his royal house had succeeded to the throne including his son Maad a Sine Boukar Tjilas Sanghaie Joof.

Royal house of Sulu: The Royal House of Sulu is an Islamic royal house which ruled the Sulu Sultanate (now part of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines).  In 1962, Philippine Government under the leadership of President Diosdado Macapagal officially recognised the continued existence of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu.  On 24 May 1974 Sultan Mohammad Mahakuttah Kiram, under Memo Order 427, which was issued by Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos.  Memo Order 427 states that "The Government has always recognised the Sultanate of Sulu as the legitimate claimant to the historical territories of the Republic of Philippines".  The Memo Order 427 states that Mahakuttah A. Kiram (reigned 1974–1986) is officially the recognised Sultan of Sulu.  Sultan Mahakuttah A. Kiram eldest son Datu Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram was officially crowned Raja Muda (Crown Prince, heir to the Throne) of the Sultanate of Sulu.  He was crowned Raja Muda (Crown Prince) on the same day His Majesty’s father Mahakuttah A. Kiram was officially crowned Sultan of Sulu.  Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram became the Head of the Royal House of Sulu on 16 February 1986.  As the eldest son of the former Sultan, he is the legitimate heir claimant to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu.  The current ruling lineage is the Royal House of Kiram.  The Royal House of Kiram descends from Sultan Jamalul Kiram I, who was the Sultan of Sulu from 1823–1844.

List of English words of French origin: A great number of words of French origin have entered the English language to the extent that many Latin words have come to the English language.  According to different sources, 45% of all English words have a French origin.  This suggests that 80,000 words should appear in this list; this list, however, only includes words imported directly from French, such as both and , and does not include derivatives formed in English of words borrowed from French, including , , , and .  It also excludes both combinations of words of French origin with words whose origin is a language other than French — e. g.: , , , , , and — and English-made combinations of words of French origin — e. g.: ( + ), ( + ), , , , , , and .  This list also excludes words that come from French but were introduced into the English language via a language other than French, which include , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

Glossary of French expressions in English: Around 45% of English vocabulary is of French origin, most coming from the Anglo-Norman spoken by the upper classes in England for several hundred years after the Norman Conquest, before the language settled into what became Modern English.  Thoroughly English words of French origin, such as "art", "competition", "force", "machine", "money", "police", "publicity", "role", "routine" and "table", are pronounced according to English rules of phonology, rather than French, and are commonly used by English speakers without any consciousness of their French origin.

Carlos, Duke of Madrid: "Don" Carlos, Duke of Madrid (Spanish: "Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael"; 30 March 1848 – 18 July 1909) was the senior member of the House of Bourbon from 1887 until his death.  He was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish abdication), and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.

House of Lusignan: The House of Lusignan ( ) was a royal house of French origin, which ruled much of Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages.  It also had great influence in England and France.

Supporting paragraphs: Carlos, Duke of Madrid House of Bourbon
Answer: Capetian dynasty