Question:  Development of Substitute Materials was otherwise known as?

Context paragraphs:
Minari Engineering: Minari Engineering Ltd. was a Limited company based in Staffordshire, UK.  They manufactured two vehicles, the Minari Club Sport (otherwise known as the Mk1), and the Minari Road Sport (otherwise known as the Mk2).  They specialised in producing the components required to build cars based upon the Alfa Romeo Alfasud and 33 running gear, with bodies mainly constructed from GRP.  These could either be purchased in Kit form or through a build agent, Chameleon Cars.  Around 130 Mk2 kits were sold before production finally stopped in 2000.

Online Audiovisual Catalogers: Online Audiovisual Catalogers, Inc., otherwise known as OLAC, was founded in 1980 as a group of library catalogers involved in the cataloging of audiovisual materials, but now supports the work of catalogers working on all nonprint resources.  OLAC provides a way for catalogers to have a method of communication among themselves as well as with the Library of Congress.  The first official meeting of the group happened on July 1, 1980 in New York City with Nancy B. Olson chairing the group of catalogers.

Buying in (poker): In poker and gaming "buying in" is the process of entering a tournament that requires an up-front payment.  The size of the payment, otherwise known as the "buy in", determines the total winning prize pool and also contains a fee, otherwise known as the rake, that is paid to the house.

Microcellular plastic: Microcellular plastics, otherwise known as microcellular foam, is a form of manufactured plastic, specially fabricated to contain billions of tiny bubbles less than 50 microns in size (typically from 0.1 to 100 micrometers).  This type of plastic is formed by dissolving gas under high pressure into various polymers, relying on "thermodynamic instability phenomena" to cause the uniform arrangement of the gas bubbles, otherwise known as nucleation.  Its main purpose was to reduce material usage while maintaining valuable mechanical properties.  The main room for variance in these foams is the gas used to create them; the density of the finished product is determined by the gas used.  Depending on the gas used, the density of the foam can lie between 5% and 99% that of the pre-processed plastic.  Design parameters, focused more on the final form of the foam and the molding process afterward, include the type of die or mold to be used, as well as the dimensions of the bubbles, or cells, that classify this material as a foam.  Since the size of cells is close to the wavelength of light, to the casual observer this foam retains the appearance of a solid light colored plastic.

Manhattan Project: The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.  It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.  From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.  Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs.  The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; "Manhattan" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project.  Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys.  The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $ in 2016 dollars).  Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons.  Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.

Hemp jewelry: Hemp jewelry uses hemp twine material which is made from the "Cannabis sativa" plant, otherwise known as “Common Hemp”, which is cultivated to make goods such as food, fuel, clothing and textiles, cosmetics, paints, paper, building materials, and plastics, among others.  Some types of hemp jewelry include bracelets, necklaces, anklets, rings, watches, masks, purses, and other adornments.  The jewelry can also make use of other materials, such as glass, wood, bones, rocks, or gems.

Steel Empire: Steel Empire (originally released as Koutetsu Teikoku (鋼鉄帝国 ) in Japan, and otherwise known in various English materials as The Steel Empire or Empire of Steel) is a side-scrolling shoot 'em up video game released on the Sega Genesis / Mega Drive home consoles in 1992, and was later ported to the Nintendo Game Boy Advance in 2004 and to the Nintendo 3DS in 2014.

Pendulum arbitration: Pendulum arbitration, otherwise known as final offer arbitration (or "FOA"), is a type of interest arbitration in which the arbitrator chooses one of the parties' proposals on each (or perhaps all) disputed issues.  For example, in the case of labor collective bargaining, a trade union may demand a wage increase of 7% and the management may offer 3%.  The arbitrator's decision has to choose between awarding a 3% or a 7% increase.  This procedure is opposed to conventional interest arbitration, in which the parties present evidence and the arbitrator acts as fact-finder and crafts an award.  In disputes over labor contracts, this dispute resolution procedure is known to be a common type of contract arbitration.  Perhaps the most well-known instance is salary arbitration in Major League Baseball, where a certain class of players may elect to arbitrate their salary instead of accepting their team's salary offer.  Final-offer arbitration is widely used to determine public union contracts in the United States, either as a substitute for collective bargaining or as a mechanism to determine the contract when bargaining has failed.

Inorganic polymer: Inorganic polymers are polymers with a skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms in the backbone.  Polymers containing inorganic and organic components are sometimes called hybrid polymers, and most so-called inorganic polymers are hybrid polymers.  One of the best known examples is polydimethylsiloxane, otherwise known commonly as silicone rubber.  Inorganic polymers offer some properties not found in organic materials including low temperature flexibility, electrical conductivity, and nonflammability.  Inorganic polymers focus on 1-dimensional polymers, not heavily crosslinked materials such as silicate minerals.  Inorganic polymers with tunable or responsive properties are sometimes called smart inorganic polymers.  A special class of inorganic polymers are geopolymers, which may be anthropogenic or naturally occurring.

Atomic Heritage Foundation: The Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF) is a nonprofit organization in Washington, DC, dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the Manhattan Project and the Atomic Age and its legacy.  Founded by Cynthia Kelly in 2002, the Foundation's stated goal is, "to provide the public not only a better understanding of the past but also a basis for addressing scientific, technical, political, social and ethical issues of the 21st century."  AHF works with Congress, the Department of Energy, the National Park Service, state and local governments, nonprofit organizations and the former Manhattan Project communities to preserve and interpret historic sites and develop useful and accessible educational materials for veterans, teachers, and the general public.

Supporting paragraphs: Atomic Heritage Foundation Manhattan Project
Answer: The Manhattan Project