Question: When did the issuers of The Macau Pass begin service?

Context paragraphs:
Cash advance: A cash advance is a service provided by most credit card and charge card issuers.  The service allows cardholders to withdraw cash, either through an ATM or over the counter at a bank or other financial agency, up to a certain limit.  For a credit card, this will be the credit limit (or some percentage of it).

JetAmerica: Sun America, Inc., d/b/a JetAmerica, was a proposed American low-cost scheduled public charter airline headquartered in unincorporated Pinellas County, Florida.  On March 10, 2009, the airline announced a number of public scheduled charter flights from underutilized airports to Newark and Minneapolis–St. Paul using a Miami Air International Boeing 737-800 to begin on June 30, 2009.  On May 27, 2009, the airline held its first press conference at Toledo Express Airport, Ohio, announcing its first focus city and the start of flight operations on July 13, 2009.  The airline announced the station markets of Lansing, Michigan; Melbourne, Florida; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Newark, New Jersey; South Bend, Indiana; and Toledo, Ohio.  The airline also publicly stated it was evaluating service to Baltimore, Maryland; Charleston, West Virginia Chicago Midway, Illinois; Rockford, Illinois; Cincinnati, Columbus, and Dayton, Ohio; Greensboro, North Carolina; Hartford, Connecticut; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Clearwater, Florida.  The airline later delayed the start of service to August 14, 2009.  However, JetAmerica did not begin service as it was unable to finalize slots at Newark.

Seoul Subway Line 9: Seoul Subway Line 9, operated by Seoul Metro Line9 Corporation, is a subway line in Seoul.  Originally scheduled to open on June 12, 2009, the line actually opened on July 24, 2009, to ensure that the line was fully ready to begin service.  Line 9 was constructed like a standard double track subway, but the tracks are quadrupled at some stations to enable express trains to bypass local trains.  Express trains run five times per hour in each direction.  All stations except Gaehwa are equipped with elevators, escalators, and platform screen doors.

FlyHawaii Airlines: FlyHawaii Airlines was a proposed low-cost airline that would have provided inter-island flight service in the Hawaiian Islands.  The company, which was founded by Lion Coffee founder James Delano planned to begin service in late 2005 or early 2006.

Line 6 (Montreal Metro): Line 6 was a proposed surface-running line of the Montreal Metro.  Unlike the rubber-tire technology used on the Metro's current lines, Line 6's trains would have run on steel wheels.  Planned as the first of a series of new routes along existing railways, in 1982 the Ministère de Transport du Québec expected Line 6 to begin service along 23.3 km of Canadian National railway tracks by 1989.  Intersecting the Orange Line (Line 2) at Du College and Sauve stations (along with a planned transfer with the also-unbuilt Red Line, or Line 3), the line would have had 11 stations.  Running along the northern part of the island, it would have passed through the then-independent city of St. Laurent, Ahuntsic, Saint-Michel, Montreal-Nord, Riviere-des-Prairies and Pointe-aux-Trembles.  Planned stations included elevated stops along viaducts, and ones at ground level.

Provo Orem MAX: Provo Orem MAX is a planned MAX (bus rapid transit, or "BRT") line in central Utah County, Utah, United States that will be operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) and will run between southwest Orem to south central Provo by way of Utah Valley University (UVU) and Brigham Young University (BYU).  It is anticipated to be completed and begin service by 2019 and is the second of several BRT lines that UTA is planning in Utah County and the Salt Lake Valley.  MAX is described by UTA as "light rail on rubber tires".

Macau Pass: The Macau Pass (formerly the Transmac IC Card) is a contactless smartcard, first introduced by Transmac in 1999, that can be used to pay for bus fares, shop, and dine with many more merchants to join the system.

Transmac: The Transportes Urbanos de Macau S.A.R.L. (Transmac; ) is one of the three public bus operators in Macau, China, along with New Era (Macau New Era Public Bus Co Ltd) and TCM (Transportas Companhia de Macau).  It began service in 1988, taking over the service provided by its predecessor "Fok Lei Autocarro S.A.".

Æon Credit Service: Æon Credit Service Co., Ltd. (イオンクレジットサービス株式会社 , Ion Kurejitto Sābisu Kabushiki-gaisha ) () is a financial service corporation under Æon Group in Japan.  It is mainly involved in the issuance of credit cards and is currently one of the largest issuers and leading consumer credit providers in Japan.

Viva Silver: Viva Silver is a bus rapid transit route planned by York Region Transit to operate in Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada.  It is expected to begin service in 2019 as part of the Viva Rapid Transit service, after the opening of the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre subway station on the Spadina extension of the Line 1 Yonge–University subway in Toronto.

Supporting paragraphs: Macau Pass Transmac
Answer: 1988