Question: Amir Sultan was captured by which Turco-Mongol conqueror?

Context paragraphs:
Battle of Farhadgerd: While Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza was away from Herat crushing the revolt of Amir Hendugha in Asterabad, Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza, his older brother, managed to escape from prison in Herat and went straight to his youngest brother Sultan Muhammad Mirza's province of Fars seeking his protection.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza and Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza then marched with a large army and invaded Khurasan in 1449.  This was the same time as the revolt of Abdal-Latif Mirza in Balkh against his father Ulugh Beg at Samarkand.  While the father and son were busy facing off at the Amu Darya in the north, the Baysonqor brothers were about to engage in battle in Khurasan.  Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza marched to face his brothers in battle and the two armies met at Farhadgerd.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza and Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza defeated Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza who fled to the castle of Omad.  Sultan Muhammad Mirza entered Herat and freed Ibrahim Mirza son of Ala-ud-Daulah Mirza.  Abdal-Latif Mirza, who before the battle had sent an envoy to Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza professing peace during his revolt against his father Ulugh Beg, now congratulated Sultan Muhammad Mirza in taking Herat.  But Sultan Muhammad Mirza was saddened by Ulugh Beg's defeat at Dimishq and his murder en route to Makkah by his son; however, he decided not to pursue a war in Transoxiana and instead wanted to concentrate on his holdings in Iraq-i-Ajam, Fars and now Khurasan as well.

Babur: Babur (Persian: بابر‎ , "Bābur ", 'Tiger' ‎ ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muhammad (Persian: ظهیرالدین محمد‎ , "Zahīr ad-Dīn Muhammad " ‎ ), was a conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the base for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor.  He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (Tamurlane) from the Barlas clan, through his father, and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother.  He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors, giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent.

Íñigo de Alfaro: Fray Íñigo de Alfaro ( 1396–1435) was an Aragonese nobleman and Knight Hospitaller.  He was the defending commander at the Siege of Smyrna in 1402 against the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur.  He later played a key role in the Compromise of Caspe that settled the Aragonese interregnum in 1412.

Amir Sultan: Amir Sultan (1368–1429) was Amir Kulal Shamsuddin’s grandson.  He was invited by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I to Anatolia.  Bayezid I had a daughter from his marriage with Daulat Khatun (Devlet Hatun) who was married to Amir Sultan.  Daulat Khatun (Devlet Hatun) was a descendant of Jalal ud-Din Rumi.  By the end of fourteenth century Timur and Bayezid I had emerged as two superpowers in Asia and Europe, making the confrontation between two a matter of time.  Timur took the lead and conquered the Ottoman city of Sivas, disseminating the local population in his trademark style.  At the same time two princes, Ahmad Jalair (Ahmad (Jalayirids)) and Kara Yosuf (Qara Yusuf) sought for protection at Bayezid I's court.  Their territories had been conquered by Timur.  Timur sent two embassies demanding surrender of the two princes, but Bayezid I refused.  Bayezid I went a step further and prepared for an attack on Timur’s territory.  At this point his son-in-law Amir Sultan advised him against the move knowing well the penchant and proficiency of Timur and his soldiers in a battlefield.  However, his genteel council fell on deaf ears.  Instigated and incited by the two princes Bayezid I seized Erzurum which was under Timur’s rule.  To Timur this was declaration of war and in his symbolic manner he started conquering Ottoman cities one by one with whirlwind speed.  Bayezid I took his army to stop Timur and the two goliaths met at the plains of Angora on 20 July 1401 (804AH).  Although Bayezid I had made a fierce reputation in Europe as a brilliant general and ferocious warrior but he was no match for Timur whose years in battlefield far exceeded Bayazid’s age.  The Mongol attack was ruthless and merciless and in one word, Timur “annihilated” the Ottoman army, taking Bayezid I, his children and princes as captives.

Amir al-ʿarab: The amir al-ʿarab (Arabic: أمير العرب, also known as amir al-ʿurban; translation: "commander of the Bedouins") was a title denoting the commander or leader of the Bedouin tribes in Syria in successive Muslim states during the Middle Ages.  The title was used as early as the 11th century to refer to Salih ibn Mirdas, but was formally turned into a state institution by the Ayyubid Sultanate and strengthened by the latter's Mamluk successors.  The office was preserved under the early Ottomans (16th–17th centuries), at least ceremonially, but its importance had faded by then.  The jurisdiction of the "amir al-ʿarab" was generally limited to central and northern Syria, and he often held "iqtaʿat" (fiefs) in the Syrian steppe, which formed the "imarat al-ʿarab" (emirate of the Bedouins).  The "imarat al-ʿarab" was created both to co-opt the often rebellious Bedouin tribes of Syria and to enlist their support as auxiliary troops.  Under the Mamluks, some of the principal duties of the "amir al-ʿarab" were guarding the desert frontier against the Mongol Ilkhanate in Iraq and Anatolia, ensuring Bedouin loyalty to the state, gathering intelligence on enemy forces, protecting infrastructure, villages and travelers from raids and providing horses and camels to the sultan.  In return, the "amir al-ʿarab" was given "iqtaʿat", an annual salary, official titles and honorary robes.

Timur's invasions of Georgia: Georgia, a Christian kingdom in the Caucasus, was subjected, between 1386 and 1403, to several disastrous invasions by the armies of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, whose vast empire stretched, at its greatest extent, from Central Asia into Anatolia.  These conflicts were intimately linked with the wars between Timur (Tamerlane) and Tokhtamysh, the last khan of the Golden Horde and Timur’s major rival for control over the Islamic world.  Timur officially proclaimed his invasions to be jihad against the region's non-Muslims.  Although he was able to invade parts of Georgia, he was never able to make the country Muslim and even recognized Georgia to be a Christian state.

List of campaigns of Mehmed the Conqueror: This is a list of campaigns personally led by Mehmed II or Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481) (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى, Meḥmed-i s̠ānī; Turkish: II.  Mehmet; also known as el-Fātiḥ, الفاتح, "the Conqueror" in Ottoman Turkish; in modern Turkish, Fatih Sultan Mehmet; also called Mahomet II in early modern Europe) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire twice, first for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to 1481.  At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire, transforming the Ottoman state into an empire.  Mehmed continued his conquests in Asia, with the Anatolian reunification, and in Europe, as far as Bosnia and Croatia.  Mehmed II is regarded as a national hero in Turkey, and Istanbul's Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge is named after him.

Shahrisabz: Shakhrisabz (Uzbek: "Шаҳрисабз" "Shahrisabz" ; Tajik: Шаҳрисабз ; Persian: شهر سبز‎ ‎ shahr-e sabz (city of green / verdant city); Russian: Шахрисабз ), is a city in Qashqadaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand with a population of 100,300 (2014).  It is located at an altitude of 622 m.  Once a major city of Central Asia, it is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th-century Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur.

Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse: Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse (Persian: حمام سلطان امیر احمد‎ ‎ , Hammam-e Sultan Amir Ahmad), also known as the Qasemi Bathhouse, is a traditional Iranian public bathhouse in Kashan, Iran.  It was constructed in the 16th century, during the Safavid era; however, the bathhouse was damaged in 1778 as a result of an earthquake and was renovated during the Qajar era.  The bathhouse is named after Imamzadeh Sultan Amir Ahmad, whose mausoleum is nearby.

Timur: Timur (Persian: تیمور‎ ‎ "Temūr", Chagatai: "Temür "; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (Persian: تيمور لنگ‎ ‎ "Temūr(-i) Lang", "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.  As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty.  According to John Joseph Saunders, Timur's background was Iranized and not steppe nomadic.

Supporting paragraphs: Amir Sultan Timur
Answer: Timur