Question: [2] He famously planned the assault and led a small force of 150 men in 1571 that scaled the cliffs and embattlements to expel the castle garrison loyal to Catholic Queen Mary

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Dumbarton Castle: Dumbarton Castle (Scottish Gaelic: "Dùn Breatainn" , ] ) has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland.  It overlooks the Scottish town of Dumbarton, and sits on a plug of volcanic basalt known as Dumbarton Rock which is 240 ft high.

Agnes Prest: Agnes Prest (died 15 August 1557) was an English Protestant martyr from the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary.  She was burned at the stake at Southernhay in Exeter in 1557.  According to "Foxe's Book of Martyrs", and the story of Exeter Protestant Martyrs she lived near Launceston, Cornwall, and was married to a Catholic husband.  She left her husband over his Catholicism, and went to be a spinner but she later on returned to him and was arrested and indicted at the Launceston Assizes.  She was then put in Launceston jail and then transferred to Exeter jail.  In Exeter prison, she was brought before the Bishop of Exeter, bishop Turbeville.  When questioned, she denied the Catholic doctrine of Transubstantiation.  She was then released for a month.  Whilst she was released, she is said to have met a Dutch stonemason in Exeter Cathedral who was repairing the statues of the saints beloved of the Catholics.  According to Foxe, she said to him "What a madman art thou, to make them new noses, which within a few days shall all lose their heads".  After that point she was returned to jail where she had many visitors, including Walter Raleigh's mother, Catherine Raleigh who praised her for her 'Godly life'.  She was then tried for heresy by the Mayor of Exeter, refused to recant her beliefs and was executed by being burnt to death on the 15th August 1557. .

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk: Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1473 – 25 August 1554) (Earl of Surrey from 1514) was a prominent Tudor politician.  He was an uncle of two of the wives of King Henry VIII, namely Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and played a major role in the machinations effecting these royal marriages.  After falling from favour in 1546 he was stripped of the dukedom and imprisoned in the Tower, avoiding execution when Henry VIII died a year later.  He was released on the accession in 1553 of the Catholic Queen Queen Mary I, whom he aided in securing her throne, thus setting the stage for tensions between his Catholic family and the Protestant royal line that would be continued by Mary's half-sister Queen Elizabeth I.

James Basset: James Basset (1526–1558) was a gentleman from an ancient Devonshire family who became a servant of Stephen Gardiner (c. 1483–1555), Bishop of Winchester, by whom he was nominated MP for Taunton in 1553, for Downton in 1554, both episcopal boroughs.  He also served thrice as MP for Devon in 1554, 1555, and 1558.  He was a strong adherent to the Catholic faith during the Reformation started by King Henry VIII.  After the death of King Edward VI in 1553 and the accession of the Catholic Queen Mary I, he became a courtier to that queen as a gentleman of the Privy Chamber and received many favours from both herself and her consort Philip II of Spain.

Of True Religion: Of True Religion, Heresy, Schism, Toleration; and what best means may be used against the Growth of Popery is the title of a polemical tract against the popery of the Roman Catholic Church written by John Milton which was published in London in 1673.  The tract addresses Milton's own problems with the doctrines, practices, and ceremonies associated with the pope or the papal system of the Roman Catholic Church and, with what Milton called, the implicit faith of its members.  The anti-Catholic ideas in Milton's writing are in direct response to the tolerant stance of King Charles II of England toward the Roman Catholic Church.  Pro-Catholic sentiments had not been popular in England since the very bloody reign of the devout Roman Catholic queen Mary I of England.  The obvious anti-Catholic ideas present in Milton's writing, coupled with Milton's own influence, may have inspired such social movements as the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the eventual passing of the Popery Act of 1698.

Fort Vaux: Fort Vaux, in Vaux-Devant-Damloup, Meuse, France was built from 1881–1884 for 1,500,000 Francs and housed a garrison of 150 men.  Vaux was the second Fort to fall in the Battle of Verdun after Fort Douaumont which was captured by a small German raiding party in February 1916, in the confusion of the French retreat from the Woëvre plain.  Vaux had been modernised before 1914 with reinforced concrete top protection like Fort Douaumont and was not destroyed by a German heavy artillery-fire which had included shelling by 16-inch howitzers.  The superstructure of the fort was badly damaged but the garrison, the deep interior corridors and stations remained intact when the fort was attacked on June 2 by German assault troops.

Patrick MacMahon (bishop): Patrick MacMahon, O.F.M. (died c.1572 or c.1575) was Bishop of Ardagh in Ireland, recognised at various times by both the Roman Catholic church in Ireland and the Church of Ireland.  His appointment to the see was approved by the Vatican on 14 November 1541.  The Reformation in Ireland had begun, but there was not yet a definitive break between, on the one hand, the hierarchy recognised by the Roman Curia and, on the other hand, the established church recognised by the Dublin Castle administration of the English king Henry VIII.  The Diocese of Ardagh was in the Annaly region of the Farrell clan, of whom Richard O'Ferrall had secured the temporalities of the diocese in July 1541.  George Cromer, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland, recognised O'Ferrall and had him consecrated on 22 April 1542.  Cromer's successor George Dowdall on 15 May 1544 appointed MacMahon instead as a suffragan bishop "inter Hibernicos" ("among the [Gaelic] Irish").  When the Catholic Queen Mary I succeeded to the throne in 1553, papal supremacy was recognised and MacMahon received the temporalities of Ardagh.  While Monahan says that Ardagh was vacant in the Church of Ireland after the accession of Elizabeth I, others regard MacMahon as retaining his place in both hierarchies.  A possibly forged papal bull, dated 1568, deprives MacMahon of his see for simony, non-residence, and neglect of the cathedral.  A putative 1572 letter from Marshalsea from a former bishop "Malachy" of Ardagh, abjuring "papistical superstition" and promising loyalty to Elizabeth, may if genuine be from MacMahon.  MacMahon's death is inferred to have occurred either before 5 November 1572, when a successor was appointed in the Church of Ireland, or else during 1575, before Richard Brady was appointed by the Vatican on 23 January 1576.

Marian Priests: Marian Priests is a term is applied to those English Roman Catholic priests who were ordained in or before the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary (1553–1558) and who survived into the reign of her Anglican successor, Queen Elizabeth I.

Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill: Captain Thomas Crawford or Thomas Craufurd (1530–1603) of Jordanhill (an estate in the West End of Glasgow, part of which is now a college and hospital near Victoria Park) was a trusted confidant of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots and a retainer of the Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (Darnley's father).  He famously planned the assault and led a small force of 150 men in 1571 that scaled the cliffs and embattlements to expel the castle garrison loyal to Catholic Queen Mary from Dumbarton Castle.  Six years later, he became Provost of Glasgow, establishing a bursary for a student at the university and saving the cathedral from destruction.

History of Queen Mary University of London: The history of Queen Mary University of London lies in the mergers, over the years, of four older colleges: Queen Mary College, Westfield College, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College.  In 1989 Queen Mary merged with Westfield College to form "Queen Mary & Westfield College".  Although teaching began at the London Hospital Medical College in 1785, it did not become part of Queen Mary until 1995.  In that same year the two medical schools merged to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry at Queen Mary & Westfield College.

Supporting paragraphs: Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill Dumbarton Castle
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