Question: The following discography for Gluck's opera "Orfeo ed Euridice" is mainly based on the research of Giuseppe Rossi, Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck, was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period, was born on which date?

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Orfeo ed Euridice: Orfeo ed Euridice (French version: Orphée et Eurydice ; English: "Orpheus and Eurydice") is an opera composed by Christoph Willibald Gluck based on the myth of Orpheus, set to a libretto by Ranieri de' Calzabigi.  It belongs to the genre of the "azione teatrale", meaning an opera on a mythological subject with choruses and dancing.  The piece was first performed at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 5 October 1762 in the presence of Empress Maria Theresa.  "Orfeo ed Euridice" is the first of Gluck's "reform" operas, in which he attempted to replace the abstruse plots and overly complex music of "opera seria" with a "noble simplicity" in both the music and the drama.

Christoph Willibald Gluck: Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (] ; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period.  Born in the Upper Palatinate (now part of Germany) and raised in Bohemia, he gained prominence at the Habsburg court at Vienna, where he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices that many intellectuals had been campaigning for over the years.  With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them "Orfeo ed Euridice" and "Alceste", he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian "opera seria" had enjoyed for much of the century.

Orfeo ed Euridice discography: The following discography for Gluck's opera "Orfeo ed Euridice" is mainly based on the research of Giuseppe Rossi, which appeared in the programme notes to the performance of the work at the 70th Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 2007, under the title "Discografia – Christoph Willibald Gluck – Orfeo ed Euridice (Orphée et Eurydice)".  Rossi's data has been checked against the sources referenced in the notes.

Wilhelmine Ritter: Wilhelmine Ritter was a German operatic mezzo-soprano.  Little is known about the artist and the details about her birth and training are unknown.  She was a member of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich from 1866 through 1871.  While there she notably created the roles of Flosshilde in Richard Wagner's "Das Rheingold" on 22 September 1869 and Grimgerde (one of the Valkyries) in Wagner's "Die Walküre" on 26 June 1869.  Her last performance at the house was as Orfeo in Christoph Willibald Gluck's "Orfeo ed Euridice" in 1871.  She got married soon after and retired permanently from the stage.  Currently no further biographical details about Ritter have surfaced.

Paride ed Elena: Paride ed Elena (] ; "Paris and Helen") is an opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck.  It is the third of Gluck's so-called reform operas for Vienna, following "Alceste" and "Orfeo ed Euridice", and the least often performed of the three.  Like its predecessors, the libretto was written by Ranieri de' Calzabigi.  The opera tells the story of the events between the Judgment of Paris and the flight of Paris and Helen to Troy.  It was premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 3 November 1770.

Allen Moyer: Allen Moyer (born 1958) is an American set designer particularly known for his work in operas and Broadway musicals.  He grew up in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania and holds a BA from the Pennsylvania State University and a MFA degree from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts where he studied under John Conklin.  His designs have appeared in celebrated productions at the New York City Opera, the San Francisco Opera, the Santa Fe Opera, the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, and the Seattle Opera.  He notably staged the world premiere of Stewart Wallace's "Harvey Milk" at the Houston Grand Opera in 1995 and the world premiere of Ricky Ian Gordon's "The Grapes of Wrath" at the Minnesota Opera in 2007.  He designed his first set for the Metropolitan Opera for their new production of Gluck's "Orfeo ed Euridice" which premiered on May 2, 2007.

Giovanni Maria Quaglio the Elder: Giovanni Maria Quaglio (c. 1700-1765) was an Austrian stage designer of Italian extraction.  He worked mainly in Vienna, where he designed the original production of Christoph Willibald Gluck's "Orfeo ed Euridice" in 1762.

Orpheus (Liszt): Orpheus is a symphonic poem written by Franz Liszt in 1853-4.  He numbered it No. 4 in the cycle of 12 he wrote during his time in Weimar, Germany.  It was first performed on 16 February 1854, conducted by the composer, as an introduction to the first Weimar performance of Christoph Willibald Gluck's opera "Orfeo ed Euridice".  The performance helped celebrate the birthday of Weimar's Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, who was an amateur musician and a staunch supporter of Liszt at Weimar.

Don Juan (ballet): Don Juan ou Le Festin de Pierre (Don Juan, or the Stone Guest's Banquet) is a ballet with a libretto by Ranieri de' Calzabigi, music by Christoph Willibald von Gluck, and choreography by Gasparo Angiolini.  The ballet's first performance was in Vienna, Austria on Saturday, 17 October 1761, at the Theater am Kärntnertor.  Its innovation in the history of ballet, coming a year before Gluck's radical reform of "opera seria" with his "Orfeo ed Euridice" (1762), was its coherent narrative element, though the series of conventional "divertissement" dances in the second act lies within the well-established ballet tradition of an "entr'acte" effecting a pause in the story-telling.  The ballet follows the legend of Don Juan and his descent into Hell after killing his "inamorata's" father in a duel.

Le feste d'Apollo: Styled a "festa teatrale", "Le feste d'Apollo" consists of a prologue and three self-contained acts on the model of French "opéra-ballet" (the court of Parma was passionately interested in French culture).  Gluck knew the Archduchess Maria Amalia well as she had sung in two of his operas, "Il Parnaso confuso" and "La corona", in Vienna.  The composer recycled a lot of music from his earlier operas in the score of "Le feste".  In fact, the whole of the third act, "Orfeo", is a shorter reworking of his most famous piece, "Orfeo ed Euridice" (1762).  The overture to the prologue is taken from "Telemaco".  Gluck later reused some of the choruses in two of the operas he wrote for Paris, "Iphigénie en Aulide" and "Iphigénie en Tauride".

Supporting paragraphs: Orfeo ed Euridice discography Christoph Willibald Gluck
Answer: 2 July 1714