Question: The Mars Society is an American worldwide volunteer-driven space-advocacy non-profit organization, inspired by "The Case for Mars" conferences which were hosted by The Mars Underground at the University of Colorado Boulder, a public research university located in Boulder, Colorado, in which country?

Context paragraphs:
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado Boulder).  It covers research on all aspects of Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, including subarctic, subantarctic, subalpine, and paleoenvironments.  It was established in 1969 as "Arctic and Alpine Research" and obtained its current name in 1999.  The editors-in-chief are Anne E. Jennings and Bill Bowman (University of Colorado Boulder).

Center for Integrated Plasma Studies: The Center for Integrated Plasma Studies (CIPS) is a research center at the University of Colorado Boulder.  This center was founded in 1993, in order to consolidate and facilitate plasma physics research on the University of Colorado Boulder campus.  Today CIPS is involved with research in plasma physics, space plasmas, dusty plasmas, plasma diagnostics, and nuclear fusion.  CIPS is located in the Duane Physics building on the University of Colorado Boulder Campus, and has about 20 research faculty and about 20 graduate and undergraduate students and support staff.  CIPS is primarily supported by funding from NASA, United States Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation.

Australia Mars Analog Research Station: Australia Mars Analogue Research Station (MARS-Oz) is a station in Australia where the Mars Society will conduct geological exploration under constraints similar to those found on Mars.  In 1998, the United States Mars Society agreed to work with Mars Society Australia, a non-profit organization dedicated to the eventual human settlement on the Red Planet, which allowed this project to be administrated in Australia. <ref name="SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)"> </ref> Led by project manager David Willson, this will be the fourth Mars Analogue Research Station Program.  The three previous stations were built in Devon Island in Arctic Canada in July 2000, a desert near Hanksville, Utah, and the Adler Planetarium in Chicago.  The main objective behind the research is to anticipate and resolve conflicts that will arise on a Martian exploration by having a group of scientists and engineers work together and live in an analogue Mars environment.

Boulder History Museum: The Boulder History Museum, now doing business as the Museum of Boulder (operated by the Boulder Historical Society), is a private, nonprofit, local history museum located in Boulder, Colorado, established in 1944 in the historic Harbeck-Bergheim house on University Hill near the University of Colorado Boulder campus.  In April 2013, it purchased a second property, the Masonic Lodge building at Broadway and Pine, with the goal of moving its operations to the new building in early 2018.

Yuko Munakata: Yuko Munakata is a professor of psychology at the University of Colorado Boulder.  She has specialized in developmental cognitive neuroscience, taking a connectionist approach to cognitive development.  Her research investigates the processing mechanisms underlying cognitive development, using converging evidence from behavior, computational modeling, and cognitive neuroscience.  She also focuses on understanding the prevalence of task-dependent behaviors during the first years of life.  Munakata received a B.S. in symbolic systems at Stanford University in 1991 and a Ph.D. in psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in 1996 under James McClelland; and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1996-1997.  She worked at the University of Denver from 1997–2001, and joined the faculty of the University of Colorado Boulder in 2002, but continues to work at DU as an adjunct professor of psychology.  Munakata is a member of the Institute of Cognitive Sciences and the Center for Neuroscience at CU.

University of Colorado Boulder: The University of Colorado Boulder (commonly referred to as CU or Colorado) is a public research university located in Boulder, Colorado, United States.  It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876.

University Rover Challenge: The University Rover Challenge (URC) by the Mars Society is a robotics competition for university level students that challenges teams to design and build a rover that would be of use to early explorers on Mars.  The competition is held annually at the Mars Desert Research Station, outside Hanksville, Utah in the United States.  The site was selected by the Mars Society for its geographic similarity to Mars: In addition to being a largely barren desert area, the soil in the area has a chemical composition similar to Martian soil.  The competition has also expanded internationally to include the European Rover Challenge and the United Kingdom University Rover Challenge as part of the Rover Challenge Series.

Mars Society: The Mars Society is an American worldwide volunteer-driven space-advocacy non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the human exploration and settlement of the planet Mars.  Inspired by "The Case for Mars" conferences which were hosted by The Mars Underground at the University of Colorado Boulder, the Mars Society was established by Dr. Robert Zubrin and others in 1998 with the goal of educating the public, the media and government on the benefits of exploring Mars, the importance of planning for a humans-to-Mars mission in the coming decades and the need to create a permanent human presence on the Red Planet.

Mars Direct: Mars Direct is a proposal for a human mission to Mars which purports to be both cost-effective and possible with current technology.  It was originally detailed in a research paper by Martin Marietta engineers Robert Zubrin and David Baker in 1990, and later expanded upon in Zubrin's 1996 book "The Case for Mars".  It now serves as a staple of Zubrin's speaking engagements and general advocacy as head of the Mars Society, an organization devoted to the colonization of Mars.

Fiske Planetarium: Fiske Planetarium and Science Center is a public museum dedicated to educating the public on astronomy and astrophysics.  It is a constituent of the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, located in Boulder, Colorado.  Fiske was founded in 1975, by a donation from Wallace Franz Fiske.  It is located at the Southeast tip of the University of Colorado Boulder.

Supporting paragraphs: Mars Society University of Colorado Boulder
Answer: United States