Question: Which concept that was similar to  Type 2 Ho-I was developed in the late  1930s?

Context paragraphs:
History of diabetes: Diabetes is one of the first diseases described with an Egyptian manuscript from c. 1500 BCE mentioning “too great emptying of the urine.”  The first described cases are believed to be of type 1 diabetes.  Indian physicians around the same time identified the disease and classified it as "madhumeha" or "honey urine" noting that the urine would attract ants.  The term "diabetes" or "to pass through" was first used in 250 BC by the Greek Apollonius of Memphis.  Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified as separate conditions for the first time by the Indian physicians Sushruta and Charaka in 400-500 CE with type 1 associated with youth and type 2 with obesity.  The term "mellitus" or "from honey" was added by Thomas Willis in the late 1600s to separate the condition from diabetes insipidus which is also associated with frequent urination.

Quasi-Fuchsian group: In the mathematical theory of Kleinian groups, a quasi-Fuchsian group is a Kleinian group whose limit set is contained in an invariant Jordan curve.  If the limit set is equal to the Jordan curve the quasi-Fuchsian group is said to be of type one, and otherwise it is said to be of type two.  Some authors use "quasi-Fuchsian group" to mean "quasi-Fuchsian group of type 1", in other words the limit set is the whole Jordan curve.  This terminology is incompatible with the use of the terms "type 1" and "type 2" for Kleinian groups: all quasi-Fuchsian groups are Kleinian groups of type 2 (even if they are quasi-Fuchsian groups of type 1), as their limit sets are proper subsets of the Riemann sphere.  The special case when the Jordan curve is a circle or line is called a Fuchsian group, named for Lazarus Fuchs.

EMA401: EMA401 was a drug under development for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.  Trials were discontinued in 2015.  It was initially established as a potential drug option for patients suffering pain caused by postherpetic neuralgia.  It may also be useful for treating various types of chronic neuropathic pains caused by lesions and other diseases affecting the somatosensory system in addition to postherpetic neuralgia.  EMA401 has been implicated in alleviating pains associated with a host of neural abnormalities, ranging from excessive nerve sprouting due to damaged nerve caused by shingles, diabetes, osteoarthritis, HIV and chemotherapy.  EMA401 is a competitive antagonist of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT R) being developed by the Australian biotechnology company Spinifex Pharmaceuticals.  It is the S-enantiomer form of the racemate drug EMA400.  Analgesic treatments currently available for pain disorders are unsuited for severe chronic neuropathic pains.  EMA401 is more effective and has virtually no central nervous system side effects in comparison to current drugs for pain relief, such as Neurotin and Lyrica.  Pain pathways of the other functional systems have major molecular and mechanistic differences compared to pain pathways of the peripheral nervous system.  EMA401 target proteins, angiotensin II type 2 receptors, are extremely important for nociception within the peripheral nervous system and less so for nociception within other functional systems.  EMA401 is the first drug on the market that targets angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT R) with high affinity but has a low affinity for angiotensin II type 1 receptors.  Angiotensin II receptor antagonists that have existed in the pharmaceutical market have had higher affinities for angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT R) over type 2 receptors.  AT R are not involved with nociception.  AT R antagonists have been mostly used for the treatment of hypertension.

Cortical dysplasia: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a congenital abnormality of brain development where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero.  Focal cortical dysplasia is a common cause of intractable epilepsy in children and is a frequent cause of epilepsy in adults.  There are several subtypes of FCD including type 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and 3c, each with distinct histopathological features.  All forms of focal cortical dysplasia lead to disorganization of the normal structure of the cerebral cortex.  Type 1 FCD exhibits subtle alterations in cortical lamination.  Type 2a FCD exhibits neurons that are larger than normal that are called cytomegalic dysmorphic neurons (CDN).  FCD type 2b exhibits complete loss of laminar structure, and the presence of CDN and enlarged cells are called balloon cells (BC) for their large elliptical cell body shape, laterally displaced nucleus, and lack of dendrites or axons.  The developmental origin of balloon cells is currently believed to be derived from neuronal or glial progenitor cells.  Balloon cells are similar in structure to giant cells in the disorder tuberous sclerosis complex.

Nuocyte: The nuocyte is a cell of the innate immune system that plays an important role in type 2 immune responses that are induced in response to helminth worm infection or in conditions such as asthma and atopic disease.  Nuocytes are amongst the first cells activated in type 2 immune responses and are thought to play important roles in activating and recruiting other cells types through their production of type 2 cytokines interleukin 4, 5 and 13.  Nuocytes have been observed to proliferate in the presence of IL-7 "in vitro".  Nuocytes contribute to the expulsion of helminth worms and to the pathology of colitis and allergic airways disease.

Von Willebrand disease: Von Willebrand disease (vWD) ( ) is the most common hereditary blood-clotting disorder in humans.  An acquired form can sometimes result from other medical conditions.  It arises from a deficiency in the quality or quantity of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion.  It is known to affect humans and several breeds of dogs.  The three forms of vWD are: hereditary, acquired, and pseudo or platelet type.  The three types of hereditary vWD are: vWD type 1, vWD type 2, and vWD type 3.  Type 2 contains various subtypes.  Platelet type vWD is also an inherited condition.

Panzer IV: The "Panzerkampfwagen" IV (PzKpfw IV), commonly known as the Panzer IV, was a German medium tank developed in the late 1930s and used extensively during the Second World War.  Its ordnance inventory designation was Sd.Kfz.  161.

Hyper-IgM syndrome type 5: The fifth type of hyper-IgM syndrome has been characterized in three patients from France and Japan.  The symptoms are similar to hyper IgM syndrome type 2, but the AICDA gene is intact.  These three patients instead had mutations in the catalytic domain of uracil-DNA glycosylase, an enzyme that removes uracil from DNA.  In both type 2 and type 5 hyper-IgM syndromes, the patients are profoundly deficient in IgG and IgA because the B cells can't carry out the recombination steps necessary to class-switch.

Beta bulge loop: Beta bulge loops are commonly occurring motifs in proteins and polypeptides consisting of five to six amino acids.  There are two types: type 1, which is a pentapeptide; and type 2, with six amino acids.  They are regarded as a type of beta bulge, and have the alternative name of type G1 beta bulge.  Compared to other beta bulges, beta bulge loops give rise to chain reversal such that they often occur at the loop ends of beta hairpins; hairpins of this sort can be described as 3:5 (for a type 1 β bulge loop) or 4:6 (for type 2).  Two websites are available for finding and examining β bulge loops in proteins, Motivated Proteins:  and PDBeMotif: .

Type 2 Ho-I: The Type 2 Gun tank Ho-I (二式砲戦車 ホイ , Ni-shiki hōsensha Ho-I ) Support Tank was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.  Similar in concept to early variant of the German Panzer IV, it was designed as a self-propelled howitzer to provide the close-in fire support for standard Japanese medium tanks with additional firepower against enemy anti-tank fortifications.

Supporting paragraphs: Type 2 Ho-I Panzer IV
Answer: Panzer IV