Question: Augustus Saint-Gaudens, was an American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation who most embodied the ideals of the "American Renaissance", in his later years he founded the "Cornish Colony", was a popular art colony centered in Cornish, New Hampshire, from about which year?

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Philip Martiny: Philip H. Martiny (Alsace, 19 May 1858 – 1927) was a Franco-American sculptor who worked in the Paris atelier of Eugene Dock, where he became foreman before emigrating to New York in 1878—to avoid conscription in the French army, he later claimed.  In the United States he found work with Augustus Saint-Gaudens, with whom he remained five years; a fellow worker in Saint-Gaudens' shop was Frederick MacMonnies.  A group photograph taken in Saint-Gaudens's studio about 1883, conserved in the Archives of American Art, shows Kenyon Cox, Richard Watson Gilder, Martiny, Francis Davis Millet, Saint-Gaudens, Julian Alden Weir and Stanford White.

Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site in Cornish, New Hampshire, USA, preserves the home, gardens, and studios of Augustus Saint-Gaudens (1848–1907), one of America's foremost sculptors.  This was his summer residence from 1885 to 1897, his permanent home from 1900 until his death in 1907, and the center of the Cornish Art Colony.  There are two hiking trails that explore the park's natural areas.  Original sculptures are on exhibit, along with reproductions of his greatest masterpieces.  It is located on Saint-Gaudens Road in Cornish, 0.5 mi off New Hampshire Route 12A.

Augustus Saint-Gaudens: Augustus Saint-Gaudens ( ; March 1, 1848 – August 3, 1907) was an American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation who most embodied the ideals of the "American Renaissance".  Raised in New York City, he traveled to Europe for further training and artistic study, and then returned to New York, where he achieved major critical success for his monuments commemorating heroes of the American Civil War, many of which still stand.  In addition to his works such as the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial on Boston Common, and the outstanding grand equestrian monuments to Civil War Generals, John A. Logan in Chicago's Grant Park, and "William Tecumseh Sherman", at the corner of New York's Central Park, Saint-Gaudens also created such [Classical] works such as the "Diana".  He also employed his skills in numismatics.  Most notably, he designed the $20 "double eagle" gold piece (1905–1907) for the US Mint, considered one of the most beautiful American coins ever issued as well as the $10 "Indian Head" gold eagle, both of which were minted from 1907 until 1933.  In his later years he founded the "Cornish Colony", an artistic colony that included notable painters, sculptors, writers, and architects.  His brother Louis Saint-Gaudens with whom he occasionally collaborated, was also a well-known sculptor.

Cornish Colony Museum: The Cornish Colony Museum was located in Windsor, Vermont.  It was an art museum and educational institution, dedicated to displaying and teaching about the creative individuals who lived and worked in the Cornish Art Colony.  The Cornish Colony Museum was operated by The Cornish Colony Museum of Windsor Vermont, a 501(c)3 non-profit educational corporation.

Homer Saint-Gaudens: Homer Shiff Saint-Gaudens (1880-1958) was the only child of sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens and his wife Augusta (née Homer).  He served as the Director of the Art Museum of the Carnegie Institute and was a founder of the Saint-Gaudens Memorial, a non-profit organization that maintained the family home as a museum before its donation to the National Park Service in 1965.

Annetta Johnson Saint-Gaudens: Annetta Johnson Saint-Gaudens (1869–1943) was an American sculptor, born in Flint, Ohio.  She is best remembered for creating sculptures of "animals, children (and) fountains", but she also did the finishing carving on a "colossal marble figure", the allegorical sculpture "Painting" in front of the St. Louis Art Museum.  She was also significant in the art world as being the wife of Louis Saint-Gaudens and the sister-in-law of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, with whom she studied and worked as an assistant.

Louis Saint-Gaudens: Louis Saint-Gaudens (January 1, 1854 – March 8, 1913) was a significant American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation.  He was the brother of renowned sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens; Louis later changed the spelling of his name to St. Gaudens to differentiate himself from his well-known brother.

Cornish Art Colony: The Cornish Art Colony (or Cornish Artists’ Colony, or Cornish Colony) was a popular art colony centered in Cornish, New Hampshire from about 1895 through the years of World War I.  Attracted by the natural beauty of the area, about 100 artists, sculptors, writers, designers, and politicians lived there either full-time or during the summer months.  With views across the Connecticut River Valley to Mount Ascutney in Vermont, the bucolic scenery was considered to resemble that of an Italian landscape.

Caroline Peddle Ball: Caroline Peddle Ball (1869-1938) was an American sculptor.  Born at Terre Haute, Indiana, she was a pupil at the Art Students' League, under Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Kenyon Cox.  She received honorable mention at Paris Exhibition, 1900.  She was a member of the Guild of Arts and Crafts and of Art Students' League.  This sculptor exhibited at Paris a Bronze Clock.  She designed for the Tiffany Glass Company the figure of the Young Virgin and that of the Christ of the Sacred Heart.  A memorial fountain at Flushing, Long Island, a medallion portrait of Miss Cox of Terre Haute, a monument to a child in the same city, a Victory in a quadriga seen on the United States Building, Paris, 1900, and also at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, 1901, are among her important works.

Howard Roberts (sculptor): Howard Roberts (sculptor) (April 8, 1843 – April 19, 1900) was an American sculptor based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  At the time of the 1876 Centennial Exposition, he was "considered the most accomplished American sculptor."  But his output was small, his reputation was soon surpassed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and others, and he is now all but forgotten.  Examples of his work are in the collections of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the U.S. Capitol.

Supporting paragraphs: Augustus Saint-Gaudens Cornish Art Colony
Answer: 1895