Question: Beanbag genetics is a conceptual model of genetics which was used by early Mendelians, who used to keep colored beans in bags as a way of tracking Mendelian ratios, which British-born scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics, and who treated genes as independent entities to simplify their mathematical analysis of population genetics?

Context paragraphs:
Infection, Genetics and Evolution: "Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases" is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 2001.  It is published by Elsevier.  The (founding) editor-in-chief is Michel Tibayrenc.  Topics covered include genetics, population genetics, genomics, gene expression, evolutionary biology, population dynamics, mathematical modeling, and bioinformatics.

Andrew G. Clark: Andrew (Andy) Clark is a Professor of Population Genetics in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Cornell University.  He is the current head of the Graduate Computation Biology field.  He is also the Meinig Family Investigator in the Life Sciences and co-director of Cornell's Center for Comparative and Population Genomics.  Prior to joining Cornell in 2002 he was a professor at [Penn State University].  He currently has his own lab which researches drosophila and population genetics at Cornell University and is a member of a working group for the National Human Genome Research Institute.  He is also the co-author of Principles of Population Genetics, Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution, and Evolution at the Molecular Level.

Evolutionary dynamics: Evolutionary dynamics is the study of the mathematical principles according to which biological organisms as well as cultural ideas evolve, evolved, and continue to evolve.  This is mostly achieved through the mathematical discipline of population genetics, along with evolutionary game theory.  Most population genetics considers changes in the frequencies of alleles at a small number of gene loci.  When infinitesimal effects at a large number of gene loci are considered, one derives quantitative genetics.  Traditional population genetic models deal with alleles and genotypes, and are frequently stochastic.  In evolutionary game theory, developed first by John Maynard Smith, evolutionary biology concepts may take a deterministic mathematical form, with selection acting directly on inherited phenotypes.  These same models can be applied to studying the evolution of human preferences and ideologies.  Many variants on these models have been developed, which incorporate weak selection, mutual population structure, stochasticity, etc.  These models have relevance also to the generation and maintenance of tissues in mammals, since an understanding of tissue cell kinetics, architecture, and development from adult stem cells has important implications for aging and cancer.

Warren Ewens: Warren John Ewens FRS, FAA (born 23 January 1937 in Canberra) is an Australian-born mathematician who has been Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997.  (He also held that position 1972–1977).  He concentrates his research on the mathematical, statistical and theoretical aspects of population genetics.  Ewens has worked in mathematical population genetics, computational biology, and evolutionary population genetics.  He introduced Ewens's sampling formula.

Michael Lynch (geneticist): Michael Lynch (born 1951) is Distinguished Professor of Evolution, Population Genetics and Genomics at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.  Besides many highly acclaimed papers, especially in population genetics, he has written a two volume textbook with Bruce Walsh, widely considered the "Bible" of quantitative genetics.  He has been a major force in promoting neutral theories to explain genomic architecture based on the effects of population sizes in different lineages; he presented this point of view comprehensively in his 2007 book "The Origins of Genome Architecture".  In 2009, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (Evolutionary Biology).

J. B. S. Haldane: John Burdon Sanderson Haldane ( ; 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964) was a British-born scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics.  He was the son of the equally famous John Scott Haldane and was a professed socialist, Marxist, atheist, and humanist whose political dissent led him to leave England in 1956 and live in India, becoming a naturalised Indian citizen in 1961.

Conservation genetics: Conservation genetics is an interdisciplinary subfield of Population Genetics that aims to understand the dynamics of genes in populations principally to avoid extinction.  Therefore, it applies genetic methods to the conservation and restoration of biodiversity.  Researchers involved in conservation genetics come from a variety of fields including population genetics, molecular ecology, biology, evolutionary biology, and systematics.  Genetic diversity is one of the three fundamental levels of biodiversity, so it is directly important in conservation.  Genetic variability influences both the health and long-term survival of populations because decreased genetic diversity has been associated with reduced fitness, such as high juvenile mortality, diminished population growth, reduced immunity, and ultimately, higher extinction risk.

Beanbag genetics: Beanbag genetics is a conceptual model of genetics which was used by early Mendelians, who used to keep colored beans in bags as a way of tracking Mendelian ratios. To be able to understand beanbag genetics, the meaning of population has to change.  Population is no longer a group of individuals in an area but are all the Alleles in an area that assort and segregate separately.  All of the alleles become the gene pool.  When using the beanbag approach, there are two ways that the gene pool can be viewed.  The first is to view the gene pool as all the alleles that represent all the traits in the population be viewed at once.  The second, the gene pool could only be alleles for a single trait in the population.  Once the alleles are chosen for the gene pool they are selected for at random.  Phrase was first coined by Ernst Mayr in criticizing the work of Ronald Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane who treated genes as independent entities to simplify their mathematical analysis of population genetics.  Mayr created the name, beanbag, because all the alleles were thought of like beans in a beanbag.  The beanbag full of beans would be considered the gene pool for the population.

Margaret Kidwell: Margaret Gale Kidwell (born August 17, 1933) is a British American evolutionary biologist and Regents’ Professor Emerita at the University of Arizona, Tucson.  She grew up on a farm in the English Midlands during World War II.  After graduating from the University of Nottingham in 1953, she worked in the British Civil Service as an Agricultural Advisory Officer from 1955-1960.  She moved to the USA in 1960 under the auspices of a Kellogg Foundation Fellowship to study Genetics and Statistics at Iowa State University.  She married quantitative geneticist James F. Kidwell in 1961, obtained her MS degree in 1962 and moved with her husband to Brown University in 1963.  She received her PhD from Brown University in 1973 under the guidance of Masatoshi Nei.  From 1973 to 1984 she pursued independent research into a number of anomalous genetic phenomena in "Drosophila" which later lead to collaborative studies resulting in the discovery of hybrid dysgenesis and the isolation of transposable P elements.  After appointment as Professor of Biology at Brown University in 1984 she moved to the University of Arizona in 1985 as Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.  Additional positions included Chair of the Interdisciplinary Genetics Program from 1988-1991 and Head of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from 1992-1997.  Research at the University of Arizona has increasingly focused on the evolutionary significance of transposable genetic elements.  In 1996, she was the first woman from Arizona to be elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.

Molecular ecology: Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology).  It is virtually synonymous with the field of "Ecological Genetics" as pioneered by Theodosius Dobzhansky, E. B. Ford, Godfrey M. Hewitt and others.  These fields are united in their attempt to study genetic-based questions "out in the field" as opposed to the laboratory.  Molecular ecology is related to the field of Conservation genetics.

Supporting paragraphs: Beanbag genetics J. B. S. Haldane
Answer: J. B. S. Haldane