Question: What type of navigation is still being taught as of 2014, and has been known to use the word Kanake?

Context paragraphs:
Transit (satellite): The Transit system, also known as NAVSAT or NNSS (for "Navy Navigation Satellite System"), was the first satellite navigation system to be used operationally.  The system was primarily used by the U.S. Navy to provide accurate location information to its Polaris ballistic missile submarines, and it was also used as a navigation system by the Navy's surface ships, as well as for hydrographic survey and geodetic surveying.  Transit provided continuous navigation satellite service from 1964, initially for Polaris submarines and later for civilian use as well.

Comparison of free off-line GPS software: This article contains a list with gratis (but not necessarily open source) software for a range of devices (PC, laptop, tablet PC, mobile phone, handheld PC (Pocket PC, Palm)).  Some of the free software mentioned here does not have detailed maps (or maps at all) or the ability to follow streets or type in street names (no geocoding).  However, in many cases, it is also that which makes the program free (and sometimes open source), avoid the need of an Internet connection, and make it very lightweight (allowing use on small portable devices, including smartphones).  Very basic programs like this may not be suitable for road navigation in cars, but serve their purpose for navigation while walking or trekking, and for use at sea.  To determine the GPS coordinates of a destination, one can use sites such as GPScoordinates.eu and GPS visualizer.

Orienteering: Orienteering is a group of sports that requires navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed.  Participants are given a topographical map, usually a specially prepared orienteering map, which they use to find control points.  Originally a training exercise in land navigation for military officers, orienteering has developed many variations.  Among these, the oldest and the most popular is foot orienteering.  For the purposes of this article, foot orienteering serves as a point of departure for discussion of all other variations, but almost any sport that involves racing against a clock and requires navigation with a map is a type of orienteering.

Kanake: Kanake (also Kanacke or Kanaker) is a derogatory word used in German-speaking countries, especially Germany to mean "wop".  Originally common as "Kanakermann" among 19th century mariners to refer to comrades from the South Pacific (and later all of Southeast Asia), and carrying a connotation of praise for their seafaring abilities (see Polynesian navigation), it was in the 1960s transferred with more ambiguous connotations to Southern European immigrants, and is now usually used with an exclusively derogatory connotation against people of Turkish, Middle Eastern or Southeastern European ancestry.

Robert Waddington (mathematician): Robert Waddington (died 1779) was a mathematician, astronomer and teacher of navigation.  He is best known as one of the observers appointed by the Royal Society to observe the 1761 transit of Venus with Nevil Maskelyne on the island of Saint Helena.  On that voyage they made successful use of the lunar-distance method of establishing longitude at sea.  Waddington subsequently taught the method at his academy in London and published a navigation manual, "A Practical Method for Finding the Longitude and Latitude of a Ship at Sea, by Observations of the Moon" (1763).

Polynesian navigation: Traditional Polynesian navigation was used for thousands of years to make long voyages across thousands of miles of the open Pacific Ocean.  Navigators travelled to small inhabited islands using wayfinding techniques and knowledge passed by oral tradition from master to apprentice, often in the form of song.  Generally each island maintained a guild of navigators who had very high status; in times of famine or difficulty they could trade for aid or evacuate people to neighboring islands.  As of 2014, these traditional navigation methods are still taught in the Polynesian outlier of Taumako Island in the Solomons.

SHORAN: SHORAN is an acronym for SHOrt RAnge Navigation, a type of electronic navigation and bombing system using a precision radar beacon.  It was developed during World War II and the first stations were being set up in Europe when the war ended.  It saw its first combat use in the B-26 and B-29 bomber aircraft during the Korean War.

Caret navigation: In computing, caret navigation is a kind of keyboard navigation where a caret (also known as a ‘text cursor’, ‘text insertion cursor’, or ‘text selection cursor’) is used to navigate within a text document.  It is a fundamental feature for applications that deal with text, for example text editors (e.g., Notepad, Emacs and Vim), word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word, WordPerfect and WordStar), desktop publishing programs (e.g., PageMaker, Microsoft Publisher), and spreadsheets (e.g., Excel, Lotus 123).

Idiothetic: Idiothetic literally means "self-proposition" (Greek derivation), and is used in navigation models (e.g., of a rat in a maze) to describe the use of self-motion cues, rather than allothetic, or external, cues such as landmarks, to determine position and movement.  The word is sometimes also spelled "ideothetic" (e.g., Chen et al, 1994 ).  Idiothetic cues include vestibular, optic flow and proprioception.  Idiothetic cues are important for the type of navigation known as path integration in which subjects navigate purely using such self-motion cues.

Type (designation): The word Type followed by a number is a common way to name a weapon or product in a production series, similar in meaning to "Mark".  "Type" was used extensively by the Japanese and Chinese militaries beginning in the 1920s, and is still in current use by the militaries of both nations.  The United Kingdom uses a type number system for much of their military equipment.  Many other nations use the word "Type" to designate products in a series.

Supporting paragraphs: Kanake Polynesian navigation
Answer: Polynesian navigation