Question: Hamlet's Father is a 2008 novella by who, which retells the story of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" in modernist prose, and which makes several changes to the characters' motivations and backstory, it has drawn substantial criticism for its portrayal of King Hamlet as a pedophile, the ghost of Hamlet's late father is a character from William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet"? 

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Fortinbras: Fortinbras is either of two minor fictional characters from William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet".  The more notable is a Norwegian crown prince with a few brief scenes in the play, who delivers the final lines that represent a hopeful future for the monarchy of Denmark and its subjects.  Fortinbras is also the name of the former king of Norway and father of the crown prince Fortinbras.  King Fortinbras was slain in the play's antecedent action in battle with King Hamlet.  The battle between the two is described by Horatio in Act One, Scene One (I,i) of the play.

Literary influence of Hamlet: William Shakespeare's Hamlet is a tragedy, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601.  It tells the story of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark—who takes revenge on the current king (Hamlet's uncle) for killing the previous king (Hamlet's father) and for marrying his father's widow (Hamlet's mother)—and it charts the course of his real or feigned madness.  "Hamlet" is the longest play—and Hamlet is the largest part—in the entire Shakespeare canon.  Critics say that "Hamlet" "offers the greatest exhibition of Shakespeare's powers".

Ghost (Hamlet): The ghost of Hamlet's late father is a character from William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet".  In the stage directions he is referred to as "Ghost."  His name is also Hamlet, and he is referred to as "King" Hamlet to distinguish him from the Prince.

Hamlet: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet ( ), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602.  Set in Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet.  Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brother's widow.

King Claudius: King Claudius is a fictional character and the primary antagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet".  He is the brother to King Hamlet, second husband to Gertrude and uncle and later stepfather to Hamlet.  He obtained the throne of Denmark by murdering his own brother with poison and then marrying the late king's widow.  He is loosely based on the Jutish chieftain Feng who appears in "Chronicon Lethrense" and in Saxo Grammaticus' "Gesta Danorum".  There had never been an actual Danish King of that name.

Gertrude (Hamlet): In William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", Gertrude is Hamlet's mother and Queen of Denmark.  Her relationship with Hamlet is somewhat turbulent, since he resents her marrying her husband's brother Claudius after he murdered the King (young Hamlet's father, King Hamlet).  Gertrude reveals no guilt in her marriage with Claudius after the recent murder of her husband, and Hamlet begins to show signs of jealousy towards Claudius.  According to Hamlet, she scarcely mourned her husband's death before marrying Claudius.

Prince Hamlet: Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet".  He is the Prince of Denmark, nephew to the usurping Claudius, and son of King Hamlet, the previous King of Denmark.  At the beginning of the play, he struggles with whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way.  By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.  He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia (drowning) and of his mother Gertrude (poisoned by Claudius by mistake).

Hamlet's Father: Hamlet's Father is a 2008 novella by Orson Scott Card, which retells the story of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" in modernist prose, and which makes several changes to the characters' motivations and backstory.  It has drawn substantial criticism for its portrayal of King Hamlet as a pedophile who molested Laertes, Horatio, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and implication that this in turn made them homosexuals.

Horatio (Hamlet): Horatio is a character in William Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet".  Horatio's origins are unknown, although he was present on the battlefield when Hamlet's father defeated 'the ambitious Norway', Fortinbras (the king), and attended Wittenberg University with Prince Hamlet.  Horatio is evidently not directly involved in the intrigue at the Danish court; thus, he makes a good foil or sounding board for Prince Hamlet.  He is often not identified as any specific court position, but simply as "friend to Hamlet."

In medias res: A narrative work beginning in medias res (] , lit.  "into the middle things") opens in the midst of action (cf. "ab ovo", "ab initio").  Often, exposition is bypassed and filled in gradually, either through dialogue, flashbacks or description of past events.  For example, "Hamlet" begins after the death of Hamlet's father.  Characters make reference to King Hamlet's death without the plot's first establishment of said fact.  Since the play focuses on Hamlet and the revenge itself more so than the motivation, Shakespeare utilizes "in medias res" to bypass superfluous exposition.

Supporting paragraphs: Hamlet's Father Ghost (Hamlet)
Answer: Orson Scott Card