Question: The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise between Alexander Hamilton on the one hand and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison whereby Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South,  it is, "generally regarded as one of the most important bargains in American history, ranking just below the better known Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.", the Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on which date?

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Compromise of 1850: The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).  The compromise, drafted by Whig Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky and brokered by Clay and Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, reduced sectional conflict.  Controversy arose over the Fugitive Slave provision.  The Compromise was greeted with relief, but each side disliked some of its specific provisions:

Compromise of 1790: The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise between Alexander Hamilton on the one hand and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison whereby Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South.  The compromise resolved the deadlock in Congress.  Southerners were blocking the assumption of state debts by the treasury, thereby destroying the Hamiltonian program for building a fiscally strong nation state.  Northerners rejected the proposal, much desired by Virginians, to locate the permanent national capital on the Virginia-Maryland border.  The compromise made possible the passage of the Residence and Funding (Assumption) Acts in July and August 1790.  Historian Jacob Cooke says it is, "generally regarded as one of the most important bargains in American history, ranking just below the better known Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850."

First Report on the Public Credit: The First Report on the Public Credit was one of three major reports on fiscal and economic policy submitted by American Founding Father and first United States Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton on the request of Congress.  The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States of America and made recommendations to reorganize the national debt and to establish the public credit.  Commissioned by the House of Representatives on September 21, 1789, the Report was presented on January 9, 1790, at the second session of the First US Congress.  The 40,000 word document called for full federal payment at face value to holders of government securities (“Redemption”) and the national government to assume funding of all state debt (“Assumption”) The political stalemate in Congress that ensued led to the Compromise of 1790, locating the permanent US capital on the Potomac River ("Residency”).

Alexander Hamilton: Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.  He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and "The New York Post" newspaper.  As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of the George Washington administration.  He took the lead in the funding of the states' debts by the Federal government, as well as the establishment of a national bank, a system of tariffs, and friendly trade relations with Britain.  His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch, a strong commercial economy, with a national bank and support for manufacturing, plus a strong military.  This was challenged by Virginia agrarians Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, who formed a rival party, the Democratic-Republican Party.  They favored strong states based in rural America and protected by state militias as opposed to a strong national army and navy.  They denounced Hamilton as too friendly toward Britain and toward monarchy in general, and too oriented toward cities, business and banking.

Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on May 8, 1820.  The measures provided for the admission of Maine as a state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South.  As part of the compromise, slavery was prohibited North of the 36°30′ parallel, excluding Missouri.  President James Monroe signed the legislation on April 6, 1820.

Miracle at Philadelphia: Miracle At Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention is a work of historical non-fiction, written by Catherine Drinker Bowen and originally published in 1966.  Bowen recounts the Philadelphia Convention, a meeting in 1787 that created the United States Constitution.  Bowen draws much of her information from notes and journals of the Framers, especially James Madison.  It contains vivid description of many founders including George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George Mason, and Gouverneur Morris, important compromises such as the Great Compromise, and controversial issues such as slavery.

Funding Act of 1790: The United States Funding Act of 1790, the full title of which is "An Act making provision for the [payment of the] Debt of the United States", was passed on August 4, 1790 by the United States Congress as part of the Compromise of 1790, to address the issue of funding (i.e., debt service, repayment and retirement) of the domestic debt incurred by the Colonies; the States in rebellion; in independence; in Confederation, and subsequently the States' comprising and within, a single, sovereign, Federal Union.  By the Act the newly-inaugurated federal government under the US Constitution assumed (and thereby retired), the debts of each of the individual Colonies' in rebellion and the bonded debts of the States in Confederation — debts that each state had individually and independently issued, on its own "full faith and credit", when each of them were in effect, an independent nation.

Implied powers: Implied powers, in the United States, are those powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem to be implied by powers expressly stated.  When George Washington asked Alexander Hamilton to defend the constitutionality of the First Bank of the United States against the protests of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph, Hamilton produced what has now become the classic statement for implied powers.  Hamilton argued that the sovereign duties of a government implied the right to use means adequate to its ends.  Although the United States government was sovereign only as to certain objects, it was impossible to define all the means which it should use, because it was impossible for the founders to anticipate all future exigencies.  Hamilton noted that the "general welfare clause" and the "necessary and proper clause" gave elasticity to the constitution.  Hamilton won the argument with Washington, who signed his Bank Bill into law.

Ann Willing Bingham: Ann (or Anne) Willing Bingham (August 1, 1764May 11, 1801) was an American socialite from Philadelphia, regarded as one of the most beautiful women of her day.  She was the eldest daughter of Thomas Willing, president of the First Bank of the United States, the wife of the wealthy William Bingham, mother-in-law of Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, and correspondent of Thomas Jefferson among others.  Her correspondence with Jefferson led to the construct of the United States Bill of Rights.  Through many letters, she convinced Jefferson that the Constitution would not last and the individual citizens would have their rights impeded from the interests of the majority.  Jefferson was finally convinced and in turn presented her ideas to James Madison (may not have used her name due to the nature of the ideas origin) and Madison agreed to the proposal.  Madison then proposed the Individual Bill of Rights and Bingham's ideas were adopted by Congress.

Thomas Jefferson (Cleveland): Thomas Jefferson is a bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson flanking the steps leading into the Cuyahoga County Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio.  It is one of four statues Bitter created for the project, there was another bronze Alexander Hamilton and two marble attic figures, John Somers and Lord Mansfield.  Jefferson is portrayed wearing 18th Century clothes, sitting in a klismos chair holding “papers of state in hand.”  “It is a youthful and rebellious Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence who appears before us in Cleveland.”  This Jefferson is portrayed in a “generally rustic appearance” as opposed to the nearby Hamilton who is seen as an “aggressive young aristocrat.”

Supporting paragraphs: Compromise of 1790 Missouri Compromise
Answer: May 8, 1820