Question:  An American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century wrote what  An American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century wrote Essays: Second Series in what year?

Context paragraphs:
Arthur Krystal: Arthur Krystal is an American essayist, editor, and screenwriter.  He has written for The New Yorker, Harper's, The New York Times Book Review, and many other publications.  His books include "The Half-Life of an American Essayist", "Agitations: Essays on Life and Literature", and "Except When I Write: Reflections of a Recovering Critic".  His essay "Except When I Write" appeared in "The Best American Essays 2010".

Lidian Jackson Emerson: Lidian Jackson Emerson (September 20, 1802 - November 13, 1892) was the second wife of American essayist, lecturer, poet and leader of the nineteenth century Transcendentalism movement, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and mother of his four children.  An intellectual, she was involved in many social issues of her day, advocating for the abolition of slavery, the rights of women and of Native Americans and the welfare of animals, and campaigned for her famous husband to take a public stand on the causes in which she believed.

Josephine Lazarus: Josephine Lazarus (23 March 1846 - 1910) was an American essayist, book critic, transcendentalist, and Zionist.

History of Bridgeport, Connecticut: The history of Bridgeport, Connecticut was, in the late 17th and most of the 18th century, one of land acquisitions from the native inhabitants, farming and fishing.  From the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century, Bridgeport's history was one of shipbuilding, whaling and rapid growth.  Bridgeport's growth accelerated even further from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century with the advent of the railroad, Industrialization, massive immigration, labor movements until, at its peak population in 1950, Bridgeport with some 159,000 people was Connecticut's second most populous city.  In the late 20th century, Bridgeport's history was one of deindustrialization and declining population, though it overtook Hartford as the state's most populous city by 1980.

Henry David Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (see name pronunciation; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian.  A leading transcendentalist, Thoreau is best known for his book "Walden", a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience" (originally published as "Resistance to Civil Government"), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.

Ralph Waldo Emerson: Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.  He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.

Horace Traubel: Horace L. Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, magazine publisher, author, and Georgist.  Traubel was closely associated with the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States and published a monthly literary magazine called "The Conservator" from 1890 until the time of his death.  Although a poet of note in his own right, Traubel is best remembered as the literary executor and biographer of his friend, poet Walt Whitman, with whom he transcribed and compiled nine volumes of daily conversations, entitled "With Walt Whitman in Camden."

Caroline Healey Dall: Caroline Wells Healey Dall (June 22, 1822 – December 17, 1912) was an American feminist writer, transcendentalist, and reformer.  She was affiliated with the National Women's Rights Convention, the New England Women's Club, and the American Social Science Association.  Her associates included Elizabeth Peabody and Margaret Fuller, as well as members of the Transcendentalist movement in Boston.

Essays: Second Series: Essays: Second Series is a series of essays written by Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1844, concerning transcendentalism.  It is the second volume of Emerson's "Essays", the first being "."  This book contains:

Urdu movement: The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at making Urdu the universal language and symbol of the cultural and political identity of the Muslim communities of the South Asia during the British Raj.  The movement began with the fall of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, fuelled by the Aligarh Movement of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.  It strongly influenced the All India Muslim League and the Pakistan movement.

Supporting paragraphs: Essays: Second Series Ralph Waldo Emerson
Answer: 1844