Question: Eriprando Madruzzo, was an Italian mercenary captain, he fought in which country, against the Turks at the service of Charles V, was ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506?

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Treaty of Speyer (1544): The Treaty of Speyer or Peace of Speyer was signed on May 23, 1544 between Denmark and the Holy Roman Empire during an Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in Speyer, Germany.  Danish king Christian III had imposed heavy tolls on the Sound and two other channels between the North Sea and the Baltic sea, in an effort to end the Dutch dominance of trade in the Baltic region.  Under pressure from Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, he agreed to exempt the Dutch ships from these tolls and give them free and unfettered access to the Baltic.  In the treaty, Charles V also recognized Christian III as the rightful king of Denmark, and promised not to provide military support to his rival Christian II.  The Treaty of Speyer dictated Christian III's foreign policy for the rest of his life.  He kept Denmark at peace, refusing to involve the country in Protestant-Catholic conflicts such as the Schmalkaldic War of 1546.  The Dutch would continue to dominate Baltic trade for another two centuries.

Duchy of Württemberg: The Duchy of Württemberg (German: "Herzogtum Württemberg" ) was a duchy located in the south-western part of the Holy Roman Empire.  It was a member of the Holy Roman Empire from 1495 to 1806.  The dukedom's long survival for nearly four centuries was mainly due to its size, being larger than its immediate neighbors.  During the Protestant Reformation, Württemberg faced great pressure from the Holy Roman Empire to remain a member.  Württemberg resisted repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries.  Württemberg was directly in the path of French and Austrian armies who were engaged in the long rivalry between the House of Bourbon and the House of Habsburg.  In 1803, Napoleon raised the duchy to be the Electorate of Württemberg of the Holy Roman Empire, and when he abolished the Empire in 1806, the Electorate was elevated as the Kingdom of Württemberg.

Philip I of Castile: Philip I (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506) called the Handsome or the Fair, was the first member of the house of Habsburg to be King of Castile.  The son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, at the age of three Philip inherited the greater part of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands (as Philip IV) from his mother, Mary, and at 27 briefly succeeded to the Crown of Castile as the husband of Queen Joanna, who was also heir presumptive to the Crown of Aragon.  He was the first Habsburg monarch in Spain.  He never inherited his father's territories or became Holy Roman Emperor because he predeceased his father, but his son Emperor Charles V eventually united the Habsburg, Burgundian, Castilian, and Aragonese inheritances.

Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle: The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (German: "Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis" ) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.  It comprised territories of the former Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Frisia and the Westphalian part of the former Duchy of Saxony.

French–Habsburg relations: The term France–Habsburg rivalry (French: "Rivalité franco-habsbourgeoise" ; German: "Habsburgisch-Französischer Gegensatz" ) describes the rivalry between the House of Habsburg and the Kingdom of France.  The Habsburgs were the largest and most powerful royal house of the Holy Roman Empire from the Early Modern Period until the First World War.  In addition to holding significant amounts of land and influence within the Holy Roman Empire, the Habsburg dynasty ruled Spain under Charles V.  As the House of Habsburg expanded into western Europe, border friction began with the Kingdom of France, the lands of which extended to the west bank of the Rhine.  The subsequent rivalry became a cause for several major wars, including the Italian Wars, the Thirty Years' War, the Nine Years' War, the War of Spanish Succession, the War of Austrian Succession, and the Napoleonic Wars.

Intra Arcana: Intra Arcana was a papal bull of Clement VII written on May 8, 1529.  This document was addressed specifically to the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire, Charles V.  In keeping with the power previously given by the papacy to his predecessor, Ferdinand II, the bull conceded to Charles V the power of patronage in the newly discovered lands in the Americas; this confirmed the ecclesiastical and territorial rights of Spain, including the jurisdiction to decide ecclesiastical lawsuits and the ability to name officials to canonries, prebends, and parsonships.

List of monarchs of Prussia: The monarchs of Prussia were members of the House of Hohenzollern who were the hereditary rulers of the former German state of Prussia from its founding in 1525 as the Duchy of Prussia.  The Duchy had evolved out of the Teutonic Order, a Roman Catholic crusader state and theocracy located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.  The Teutonic Knights were under the leadership of a Grand Master, the last of whom, Albert, converted to Protestantism and secularized the lands, which then became the Duchy of Prussia.  The Duchy was initially a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland, as a result of the terms of the Prussian Homage whereby Albert was granted the Duchy as part of the terms of peace following the Prussian War.  When the main line of Prussian Hohenzollerns died out in 1618, the Duchy passed to a different branch of the family, who also reigned as Electors of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire.  While still nominally two different territories, Prussia under the suzerainty of Poland and Brandenburg under the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire, the two states are known together historiographically as Brandenburg-Prussia.  Following the Second Northern War, a series of treaties freed the Duchy of Prussia from any vassalage to any other state, making it a fully sovereign Duchy in its own right.  This complex situation (where the Hohenzollern ruler of the independent Duchy of Prussia was also a subject of the Holy Roman Emperor as Elector of Brandenburg) laid the eventual groundwork for the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701.  For diplomatic reasons, the rulers of the state were known as the King in Prussia from 1701 to 1772; largely because they still owed fealty to the Emperor as Electors of Brandenburg, the "King in Prussia" title (as opposed to "King of Prussia") avoided offending the Emperor.  As the Prussian state grew through several wars and diplomatic moves throughout the 18th century, it became apparent that Prussia had become a Great Power that did not need to submit meekly to the Holy Roman Empire.  By 1772, the pretense was dropped, and the style "King of Prussia" was adopted.  Thus it remained until 1871, when in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War, the King of Prussia Wilhelm I was crowned German Emperor.  From that point forward, though the Kingdom of Prussia retained its status as a constituent state of the German Empire, all remaining Kings of Prussia also served as German Emperor, and that title took precedence.

Eriprando Madruzzo: Eriprando Madruzzo (died 1547) was an Italian mercenary captain.  The brother of the Bishop of Trent Cristoforo Madruzzo, he fought in Hungary against the Turks at the service of Charles V.

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor: Charles V (Spanish: "Carlos" ; German: "Karl" ; Dutch: "Karel"; Italian: "Carlo" ) (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Spanish Empire from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire from 1519, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.  He voluntarily stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556.  Through inheritance, he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia.  As a result, his domains spanned nearly four million square kilometers and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets".

Cristoforo Madruzzo: Cristoforo Madruzzo (] ) (July 5, 1512 – July 5, 1578) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and statesman.  His brother Eriprando was a mercenary captain who fought in the Italian Wars.

Supporting paragraphs: Eriprando Madruzzo Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Answer: Hungary