Question: Benjamin Pulleyn was the Cambridge tutor of an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist, whose book,Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, was first published in what year? 

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Isaac Newton: Sir Isaac Newton {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.  His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics.  Newton also made pathbreaking contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.

The Man Who Knew Infinity: The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan is a biography of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, written in 1991 by Robert Kanigel and published by Washington Square Press.  The book gives a detailed account of his upbringing in India, his mathematical achievements, and his mathematical collaboration with English mathematician G. H. Hardy.  The book also reviews the life of Hardy and the academic culture of Cambridge University during the early twentieth century.

Principles of Philosophy: Principles of Philosophy (Latin: "Principia philosophiae" ) is a book by René Descartes.  In essence it is a synthesis of the "Discourse on Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy" It was written in Latin, published in 1644 and dedicated to Elisabeth of Bohemia, with whom Descartes had a long-standing friendship.  A French version ("Les Principes de la Philosophie") followed in 1647.  It set forth the principles of nature—the Laws of Physics—as Descartes viewed them.  Most notably, it set forth the principle that in the absence of external forces, an object's motion will be uniform and in a straight line.  Newton borrowed this principle from Descartes and included it in his own "Principia"; to this day, it is still generally referred to as Newton's First Law of Motion.  The book was primarily intended to replace the Aristotelian curriculum then used in French and British Universities.  The work provides a systematic statement of his metaphysics and natural philosophy, and represents the first truly comprehensive, mechanistic account of the universe.

Samuel Klingenstierna: Samuel Klingenstierna (18 August 1698 – 26 October 1765) was a very renowned Swedish mathematician and scientist.  He started his career as a lawyer but soon moved to natural philosophy.  Already as a student he gave lectures on the then novel mathematical analysis of Newton and Leibniz.  Klingenstierna was professor of geometry in Uppsala University from 1728.  In 1750 he moved to physics but retired two years later to become an advisor to the Commander of Artillery.  In 1756 he assumed the post of the tutor of the Crown Prince, the future king Gustav III.

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English pronunciation , Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687.  After annotating and correcting his personal copy of the first edition, Newton published two further editions, in 1713 and 1726.  The "Principia" states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics; Newton's law of universal gravitation; and a derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (which Kepler first obtained empirically).  The "Principia" is considered one of the most important works in the history of science.

Camilla Erculiani: Camilla Erculiani (died post-1584) was an Italian apothecary, writer, natural philosopher and women's advocate during the early modern period.  This "self-described pharmacist" published a book, in the form of letter-essays, about her views on topics of science and natural philosophy.  Erculiani's "Lettre di philosophia naturale" or "Letters on Natural Philosophy" was published in 1584.  Due to some of the unconventional theories presented in her work, she was put on trial by the Roman Inquisition on charges of suspected heresy- for the "blurring of boundaries between natural philosophy and theology."  Although the trial records are lost, it is speculated that Erculiani was likely pardoned.

Peter Tait (physicist): Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (28 April 1831 – 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, best known for the mathematical physics textbook "Treatise on Natural Philosophy", which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline.  His name is known in graph theory mainly for Tait's conjecture.

De Historia piscium: De Historia Piscium, Latin for "The History of Fish," was a scientific book written by Francis Willughby and published by the Royal Society in 1686.  It was unpopular and sold poorly, causing severe strain on the finances of the society.  This resulted in the society being unable to meet its promise to finance the publication of Newton's "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"", better known simply as "Principia"), leaving this to Edmond Halley, who was then the clerk of the society.  After Halley had personally financed the publication of "Principia", he was informed that the society could no longer afford to provide him the promised annual salary of £50.  Instead, Halley was paid with left-over copies of "De Historia Piscium".

Ali Qushji: Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, "kuşçu" – falconer in Turkish; Latin: "Ali Kushgii") was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472.  As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, "Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy".  In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.

Benjamin Pulleyn: Benjamin Pulleyn ( ; died 1690) was the Cambridge tutor of Isaac Newton.  Pulleyn served as Regius Professor of Greek from 1674 to 1686.  He was known as a "pupil monger", meaning one who increased his income by accepting additional students.

Supporting paragraphs: Benjamin Pulleyn Isaac Newton
Answer: 1687