Question: The national coat of arms of Denmark consists of three pale blue lions passant wearing crowns, accompanied by nine red lilypads (normally represented as hearts), all in a golden shield, it is historically the coat of arms of which dynasty that provided the Kings of Denmark, from 1047 to 1412?

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House of Estridsen: The House of Estridsen, sometimes called the Estridsen or Estrith Dynasty, was the dynasty that provided the Kings of Denmark from 1047 to 1412.  The dynasty is named after its ancestor Estrid Svendsdatter.  The dynasty is sometimes called the "Ulfinger", after Estrid's husband, Ulf the Earl.

Royal Arms of England: The Royal Arms of England are the armorials (or coat of arms) first adopted in a fixed form at the start of the age of heraldry (circa 1200) as personal arms by the Plantagenet kings who ruled England from 1154.  In the popular mind they have come to symbolise the nation of England, although according to heraldic usage nations do not bear arms, only persons and corporations do.  The blazon of the Arms of Plantagenet is: "Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure", signifying three identical gold lions (also known as leopards) with blue tongues and claws, walking past but facing the observer, arranged in a column on a red background.  Although the tincture "azure" of tongue and claws is not cited in many blazons, they are historically a distinguishing feature of the Arms of England.  This coat, designed in the High Middle Ages, has been variously combined with those of the Kings of France, Scotland, a symbol of Ireland, the House of Nassau and the Kingdom of Hanover, according to dynastic and other political changes occurring in England, but has not altered since it took a fixed form in the reign of Richard I (1189–1199), the second Plantagenet king.

Coat of arms of Jersey: The coat of arms of Jersey is a red shield with three gold leopards (lions passant guardant) ("les trois léopards" in French).  It derives from the seal granted to the island’s bailiff by Edward I in 1279.  In 1907, Edward VII sanctioned the claimed usage by the island of the arms.

Coat of arms of Denmark: The national coat of arms of Denmark consists of three pale blue lions passant wearing crowns, accompanied by nine red lilypads (normally represented as hearts), all in a golden shield.  It is historically the coat of arms of the House of Estridsen, the dynasty which provided the Kings of Denmark between 1047 and 1412.  The current design was introduced in 1819, under Frederick VI.  Previously, there had been no distinction between the "national" and the "royal" coat of arms.  Since 1819, there has been a more complex royal coat of arms of Denmark ("kongevåben") separate from the national coat of arms ("rigsvåben").

Coat of arms of Schleswig: The coat of arms of Schleswig or Southern Jutland (Danish: "Sønderjylland "or" Slesvig" ) depicts two blue lions in a golden shield.  It is the heraldic symbol of the former Duchy of Schleswig, originally a Danish province but later disputed between Danes and Germans.  The region has been divided between Germany and Denmark since 1920 and the symbol consequently appears in official heraldry in both countries.  It is derived from the national coat of arms of Denmark and has been dated to the middle of the 13th century, first known from the arms of Erik Abelsøn, Duke of Schleswig.  Throughout the ages, the design has featured both crowned and uncrowned lions, the lions have occasionally been accompanied by hearts and usage between lions and leopards has shifted.  The far most common version was to omit both crowns and hearts and this version has been used exclusively for several centuries.

Coat of arms of Estonia: The current coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes a picture of three blue lions with red tongues in the middle, with golden oak branches placed on both sides of the shield.  The insignia derive from the coat of arms of Denmark, which ruled northern Estonia in the thirteenth century.

History of the flags of Romania: The colors of the national flag of Romania (Romanian: "Drapelul României" ) have a long history.  Red, yellow and blue were found on late 16th-century royal grants of Michael the Brave, as well as shields and banners.  Thus, the late 13th century Wijbergen armorial shows the coat of arms of the Wallachian ruler Litovoi as consisting of a shield of ten vertically alternating gold-and-red bands, which were the colors of the coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire, of which Wallachia was part.  The same two colors, gules and or, also appeared on the late 15th century flag and coat of arms of Moldavia, during the reign of Stephen the Great .  Then, from the late 16th century until the mid-17th century, the historical coat of arms of Transylvania gradually developed as a shield party per fess, consisting of a black eagle on blue background in the upper field, a dividing red band in the middle, and seven red towers on golden background in the lower field.  Finally, in the last quarter of the 18th century, Bukovina gets its own coat of arms from the Habsburg Empire, a blue-and-red shield party per pale with a black aurochs' head in the middle, and three golden six-pointed stars surrounding it.  During the Wallachian uprising of 1821, they were present on the canvas of the revolutionaries' flag and its fringes; for the first time a meaning was attributed to them: "Liberty (sky-blue), Justice (field yellow), Fraternity (blood red)".

Coat of arms of Schleswig-Holstein: The coat of arms of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein is vertically divided: in the heraldically right field, i.e. left as seen by the viewer, two blue lions are depicted on a golden background, facing the other half.  The lions of Schleswig were taken from the coat of arms of Denmark.  The heraldically left side is red with the silver nettle leaf of Holstein, an ancient symbol which had been in use with the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein.

National coat of arms: A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement.  While a national flag is usually used by the population at large and is flown outside and on ships, a national coat of arms is normally considered a symbol of the government or (especially in monarchies) the head of state personally and tends to be used in print, on heraldic china, and as a wall decoration in official buildings.  The royal arms of a monarchy, which may be identical to the national arms, are sometimes described as arms of dominion or arms of sovereignty.

Coat of arms of Peru: The Coat of arms of Peru is the national symbolic emblem of Peru.  Four variants are used: the Coat of arms "per se" ("Escudo de Armas "); the National Coat of arms, or National Shield ("Escudo Nacional "); the Great Seal of the State ("Gran Sello del Estado "); and the Naval Coat of arms ("Escudo de la Marina de Guerra ").

Supporting paragraphs: Coat of arms of Denmark House of Estridsen
Answer: House of Estridsen