Question: Along with Robert Betts Laughlin and Daniel C. Tsui, who else was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for their explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect?

Context paragraphs:
Quantum Hall effect: The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantum-mechanical version of the Hall effect, observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall conductance "σ" undergoes quantum Hall transitions to take on the quantized values

Robert B. Laughlin: Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University.  Along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia University and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton University, he was awarded a share of the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for their explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Quantum anomalous Hall effect: Quantum anomalous Hall effect is a kind of Hall effect.  It is the "quantum" version of the anomalous Hall effect.  While the anomalous Hall effect requires a combination of magnetic polarization and spin-orbit coupling to generate a finite Hall voltage even in the absence of an external magnetic field(hence called "anomalous"), the quantum anomalous Hall effect is its quantized version.  The Hall conductivity acquires quantized values proportional to integer multiples of the conductance quantum(e/h), and is similar to the quantum Hall effect in this regard.  The integer here is equal to the Chern number which arises out of topological properties of the material band structure.  These effects are observed in systems called quantum anomalous Hall insulators(also called Chern insulators).  The effect has been observed experimentally.

Fractional quantum Hall effect: The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which the Hall conductance of 2D electrons shows precisely quantised plateaus at fractional values of formula_1.  It is a property of a collective state in which electrons bind magnetic flux lines to make new quasiparticles, and excitations have a fractional elementary charge and possibly also fractional statistics.  The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Robert Laughlin, Horst Störmer, and Daniel Tsui for the discovery and explanation of the fractional Hall effect.  However, Laughlin's explanation was a phenomenological guess and only applies to fillings formula_2 where formula_3 is an odd integer.  The microscopic origin of the FQHE remains unknown and is a major research topic in condensed matter physics.

Steven H. Simon: Steven H. Simon is an American theoretical physics professor at Oxford University and tutorial fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.  From 2000 to 2008 he was the director of theoretical physics research at Bell Laboratories.  He is known for his work on Topological Phases of Matter, Topological Quantum Computing, and Fractional Quantum Hall Effect.  He is a co-author of a highly cited review on these subjects.  He has also written many papers in the field of information theory.  He is the author of a popular introductory book on solid state physics.

Laughlin wavefunction: In condensed matter physics, the Laughlin wavefunction is an ansatz, proposed by Robert Laughlin for the ground state of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a uniform background magnetic field in the presence of a uniform jellium background when the filling factor (Quantum Hall effect) of the lowest Landau level is formula_1 where formula_2 is an odd positive integer.  It was constructed to explain the observation of the formula_3 fractional quantum Hall effect, and predicted the existence of additional formula_4 states as well as quasiparticle excitations with fractional electric charge formula_5, both of which were later experimentally observed.  Laughlin received one third of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1998 for this discovery.  Being a trial wavefunction, it is not exact, but qualitatively, it reproduces many features of the exact solution and quantitatively, it has very high overlaps with the exact ground state for small systems.

Shoucheng Zhang: Shoucheng Zhang (; born 1963) is the JG Jackson and CJ Wood professor of physics at Stanford University.  He is a condensed matter theorist known for his work on topological insulators, quantum spin Hall effect, spintronics, quantum Hall effect and high temperature superconductivity.  He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.  He received the Guggenheim fellowship in 2007, the Alexander von Humboldt research prize in 2009, the Europhysics prize in 2010, the Oliver Buckley prize in 2012, the Dirac Medal and Prize in 2012, the Physics Frontiers Prize in 2013, the “Nobel-class” Citation Laureates by Thomson Reuters in 2014 and the Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2015.  He is identified as one of the top candidates for the Nobel Prize by Thomson Reuters in 2014.  He has been elected as the member of the National Academy of Science in 2015.

Arthur Gossard: Arthur C. Gossard is a professor of Materials and Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.  In 1982 he co-discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect.  His research is related to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).  He has a doctorate in physics from UC Berkeley.  After school, he joined Bell Labs.  He is a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering and the United States National Academy of Sciences.

Daniel C. Tsui: Daniel Chee Tsui (, born February 28, 1939, Henan Province, China) is a Chinese-born American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics.  He was previously the Arthur LeGrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University and adjunct senior research scientist in the Department of Physics at Columbia University, where he was a visiting professor from 2006 to 2008.  Currently, he is a research professor at Boston University.  In 1998, along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia and Robert Laughlin of Stanford, Tsui was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Steven Girvin: Steven M. Girvin is an American physicist, who is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and deputy provost for science and technology at Yale University.  Girvin is noted for his theoretical work on quantum many body systems, such as the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Supporting paragraphs: Robert B. Laughlin Daniel C. Tsui
Answer: Horst L. Störmer