Question: The Google logo appears in numerous settings to identify the search engine company, Google has relied on several logos since its renaming, (see History of Google), Google began in which year, as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both Ph.D. students at Stanford University?

Context paragraphs:
History of Google: Google began in 1995 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both Ph.D. students at Stanford University.

Alphabet Inc.: Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate created in a corporate restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015.  It is now the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries.  The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as President.  The company is based in Mountain View, California.  It has over 75,606 employees as of 2017.

Google Doodle: A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepage that is intended to celebrate holidays, events, achievements and people.  The first Google Doodle was in honor of the Burning Man Festival of 1998, and was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their absence in case the servers crashed.  Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by an outside contractor, until Page and Brin asked public relations officer Dennis Hwang to design a logo for Bastille Day in 2000.  From that point onward, Doodles have been organized and published by a team of employees termed "Doodlers".

ESpew: eSpew is a free online MP3 music search engine and download service.  eSpew maintains that it is the largest directly linked MP3 database in the world.  Unlike Google, eSpew does not cache or host any of the mp3 files it delivers via its search engine.  As of June 13, 2012, espew.com was down.  On March 10, 2015 the search engine returned and is currently ranked on page #1 of Google's search engine for the keyword "MP3 Search Engine".  eSpew claims to have crawled 19,318,115 MP3 files.

Google logo: The Google logo appears in numerous settings to identify the search engine company.  Google has relied on several logos since its renaming (see History of Google), with the first logo created by Sergey Brin using GIMP.  A revised logo debuted on September 1, 2015.  The previous logo, with slight modifications between 1999 and 2013, was designed by Ruth Kedar; the wordmark was based on the Catull typeface, an old style serif typeface designed by for the Berthold Type Foundry in 1982.

Craig Silverstein: Craig Silverstein (born 1972 or 1973) was the first person employed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Google, having studied for a PhD alongside them at Stanford University.

Ruth Kedar: Ruth Kedar (Hebrew: רות קדר‎ ‎ ; born 27 January 1955) is an artist and designer, best known for designing the Google logo that was displayed from May 31, 1999 to September 1, 2015.  Larry Page and Sergey Brin were looking at designers to design their logo and website and Kedar was asked to present them with some preliminary design ideas.  They liked her approach and design style and she was hired to design both.  The design was accepted due to its playful design, the customized Catull typeface and unique visual expression.

Google: Google Inc. is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products.  These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, and hardware.  Google was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University, in California.  Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock.  They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998.  An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex.  In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests.  Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google; he replaced Larry Page, who became CEO of Alphabet.

Allen &amp; Company Sun Valley Conference: The Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference is an annual media finance conference hosted and wholly independently funded by private investment firm Allen & Company.  The conference has taken place in Sun Valley, Idaho for one week each July since 1983.  The conference typically features business leaders, political figures, and major figures in the philanthropic and cultural spheres.  Previous conference guests have included Bill and Melinda Gates, Warren and Susan Buffett, Tony Blair, Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Allen alumnus and former Philippine Senator Mar Roxas, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Yahoo! co-founder Jerry Yang, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, Media Mogul Rupert Murdoch, eBay CEO Meg Whitman, BET founder Robert Johnson, Time Warner Chairman Richard Parsons, NBA player LeBron James, Governor Chris Christie, entertainer Dan Chan, Katharine Graham of "The Washington Post", Diane Sawyer, InterActiveCorp Chairman Barry Diller, Linkedin co-founder Reid Hoffman, Sandro Salsano from Salsano Group, and Washington Post CEO Donald E. Graham, and Oprah.

Willow Garage: Willow Garage was a robotics research lab and technology incubator devoted to developing hardware and open source software for personal robotics applications.  The company was probably best known for its open source software suite ROS (Robot Operating System), which has been rapidly and widely becoming a common, standard tool among robotics researchers and industry, since its initial release in 2010.  It was started in late 2006 by Scott Hassan, who had worked with Larry Page and Sergey Brin to develop the technology that was the predecessor to the Google search engine.  Steve Cousins was the president and CEO.  Willow Garage was located in Menlo Park, California.

Supporting paragraphs: Google logo History of Google
Answer: 1995