Question: In what year did the conquest that the images in the Testerian catechisms predated begin?

Context paragraphs:
Macorix language: Macorix (also rendered Macorís and Mazorij) was the language of the northern coast of what is today the Dominican Republic.  Spanish accounts only refer to three languages on the island: Taino, Macorix, and neighboring Ciguayo.  The Macorix people appear to have been semi-sedentary and their presence seems to have predated the agricultural Taino who came to occupied much of the island.  For the early European writers, they shared similarities with the nearby Ciguayos.  Their language appears to have been moribund at the time of the Spanish Conquest, and within a century it was extinct.

Celtic deities: The gods and goddesses of the pre-Christian Celtic peoples are known from a variety of sources, including ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, cult objects and place or personal names.  The ancient Celts appear to have had a pantheon of deities comparable to others in Indo-European religion, each linked to aspects of life and the natural world.  By a process of synthesism, after the Roman conquest of Celtic areas, these became associated with their Roman equivalent, and their worship continued until Christianization.  Ancient Celtic art produced few images of deities, and these are hard to identify, lacking inscriptions, but in the post-conquest period many more images were made, some with inscriptions naming the deity.  Most of the specific information we have therefore comes from Latin writers and the archaeology of the post-conquest period.  More tentatively, links can be made between ancient Celtic deities and figures in early medieval Irish and Welsh literature, although all this was produced well after Christianization.

Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire: The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, beginning in February 1519, was one of the most significant events in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.  Following Christopher Columbus' establishment of permanent settlement in the Caribbean, the Spanish authorized expeditions or "entradas" for the discovery, conquest, and colonization of new territory, using existing Spanish settlements as a base.

Lorenzo Collins: Lorenzo Collins (c. 1972 – February 28, 1997) was an African-American man with a history of mental illness who was shot by Cincinnati police while threatening officers with a brick, subsequently dying from his injuries five days later at age twenty-five.  During the previous three months of his life Collins had been in and out of the Hamilton County mental health system.  Many experts involved in the case believed that Collins, who was a violent psychotic, should never have been released from treatment to begin with.  This case predated the 2001 Cincinnati riots by more than four years.  The public criticism of the event was very heated, with one local community leader, Reverend James W. Jones, stating, "They let us blow off steam and then it's back to business as usual.  This time the black community should shut this town down.  Hell, it's time we stopped playing games."  The police were not prosecuted for their actions.

Holy Week in Popayán: The Holy Week in Popayán, Cauca (Colombia), is the celebration of the Passion and death of Jesus Christ through daily processions continuously performed since the sixteenth century between Good Friday nights and Holy Saturday.  This parade takes place in the ancient streets of the "White City".  Religious images of Spanish, Andalusian, Quito, Italian and Payanes arranged on a wooden platform with 4 front and 4 back "barrotes" (bars) are carried in the shoulders of the "Cargueros".  These images are representations of different episodes recounted in the Gospels on the Passion, Crucifixion and Death of Jesus Christ.  Each performance is a "paso" (step).  The steps are taken through the streets, a distance of a cross-shaped layout since the time of the Conquest, passing by the main churches and temples of the city.

Swans Reflecting Elephants: Swans Reflecting Elephants (1937) is a painting by the Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí.  This painting is from Dalí's Paranoiac-critical period.  Painted using oil on canvas, it contains one of Dalí's famous double images.  The double images were a major part of Dalí's "paranoia-critical method", which he put forward in his 1935 essay "The Conquest of the Irrational".  He explained his process as a "spontaneous method of irrational understanding based upon the interpretative critical association of delirious phenomena."  Dalí used this method to bring forth the hallucinatory forms, double images and visual illusions that filled his paintings during the Thirties.  As with the earlier "Metamorphosis of Narcissus", "Swans Reflecting Elephants" uses the reflection in a lake to create the double image seen in the painting.  In "Metamorphosis", the reflection of Narcissus is used to mirror the shape of the hand on the right of the picture.  Here, the three swans in front of bleak, leafless trees are reflected in the lake so that the swans' necks become the elephants' trunks and the trees become the legs of the elephants.  In the background of the painting is a Catalan landscape depicted in fiery fall colors, the brushwork creating swirls in the cliffs that surround the lake, to contrast with the stillness of the water.

List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire: In the following list, the first column shows the year of the conquest.  Some of the cities (like Tabriz, Erivan or Belgrad) had been conquered more than once.  In this case, only the first conquest has been shown.  The second column shows the name of the city (where necessary, the Ottoman Turkish name and/or the contemporary Turkish name has also been given in parathesis), the third column shows the holder before conquest and the fourth column shows the present country.  In the fifth column links to the article in this encyclopedia for the details of the conquest (where applicable).

Ciguayo language: Ciguayo (Siwayo) was the language of the Samaná Peninsula of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic) at the time of the Spanish Conquest.  The Ciguayos appear to have predated the agricultural Taino who inhabited much of the island.  The language appears to have been moribund at the time of Spanish contact, and within a century it was extinct.

Testerian catechisms: The Testerian catechisms (Spanish: "Catecismos testerianos") are religious documents used in the evangelization of the New Spain.  They explain the Catholic doctrine through images based on indigenous conventions prior to the Conquest of Mexico and western Spanish writing and other languages.  These documents were an attempt to be educative materials for those religious that did not know the aboriginal languages then spoken in the territory that is now Mexico.  They received their name for Jacobo of Testera, a Franciscan friar who elaborated catechisms of this type.

Hellenistic art: Hellenistic art is the art of the period in classical antiquity generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by 146 BCE, when the Greek mainland was taken, and essentially ending in 31 BCE with the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt following the Battle of Actium.  A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to this period, including Laocoön and His Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace.  It follows the period of Classical Greek art, while the succeeding Greco-Roman art was very largely a continuation of Hellenistic trends.

Supporting paragraphs: Testerian catechisms Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Answer: 1519