Question: Who was the famous physicist in the memoir Einstein Wrote Back, who was born in Vienna in 1869?

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Wave–particle duality: Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantic entity may be partly described in terms not only of particles, but also of waves.  It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects.  As Albert Einstein wrote:

Erika Mitterer: Erika Mitterer (1906–2001) was an Austrian writer.  When she was 18, in 1924, she began writing poems to Rainer Maria Rilke, who wrote back with approximately fifty poems of his own, and called her verse a "Herzlandschaft" (landscape of the heart).  She wrote about 117 poems to him in all.  This was the only time Rilke had a productive poetic collaboration throughout all his work.  She also visited Rilke.  When she was 24 her first volume of poems was published; it was well-received, and Stefan Zweig called her "a great poet".  During the time of Nazi Germany she wrote for the periodical "Das innere Reich", and also published the novel "The Prince of Darkness".  In 1950 her "Correspondence in Verse" with Rilke was published, and received much praise.  In 1992 a documentary about her, titled "Ericka Mitterer, Das Videoportrait: Dank des Lebens" was made.

Guido Goldschmiedt: Goldschmiedt was born in Triest, Austria-Hungary.  He started studying economics at the business school in Frankfurt am Main, but then started attending science lectures in other educational institutions.  In 1869, he went back to Vienna, where part of his family lived, and studied chemistry at the University of Vienna.  There he attended lectures of Josef Redtenbacher and Franz Cölestin Schneider – the most prominent chemists of the time in Vienna.  In 1871, he moved to the University of Heidelberg, Germany.  There he received his PhD for work with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and his assistant Blum in the field of inorganic analytical chemistry of minerals.  For a postdoctoral position, he joined the laboratory of Adolf von Baeyer at the University of Straßburg.  Goldschmiedt worked in the field of organic chemistry for two years, but he also studied mineralogy and crystallography with Paul Heinrich von Groth.  During that time, Emil Fischer and Franz S. Exner also worked with Baeyer in Straßburg.  For Goldschmiedt, the time in Straßburg ended abruptly because he joined the group of Schneiders at the University of Vienna.  After his habilitation in 1875, he was sent as official observer to the world fair in Philadelphia in 1876.  After visiting California, he went back to Vienna and married in 1886.  It took until 1890 for him to become assistant professor at University of Vienna, but only one year later he became full professor.  In 1891, Goldschmiedt moved to the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague and worked there for 20 years.  In the meantime, he received the Lieben Prize in 1892 and became a member of the Vorstand of Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft in 1900 and 1901.  In 1911, Goldschmiedt succeeded Zdenko Hans Skraup at the University of Vienna and was mostly involved in administrative tasks, such as supervising the construction of the laboratory building and reorganization of the institute.  Starting from 1914, his health deteriorated slowly but steadily, resulting in his eventual death on August 6, 1915.

Wolfgang Pauli: Pauli was born in Vienna to a chemist Wolfgang Joseph Pauli ("né" Wolf Pascheles, 1869–1955) and his wife Bertha Camilla Schütz; his sister was Hertha Pauli, the writer and actress.  Pauli's middle name was given in honor of his godfather, physicist Ernst Mach.  Pauli's paternal grandparents were from prominent Jewish families of Prague; his great-grandfather was the Jewish publisher Wolf Pascheles.  Pauli's father converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism shortly before his marriage in 1899.  Pauli's mother, Bertha Schütz, was raised in her own mother's Roman Catholic religion; her father was Jewish writer Friedrich Schütz.  Pauli was raised as a Roman Catholic, although eventually he and his parents left the Church.  He is considered to have been a deist and a mystic.

Albert Einstein Award: This award should not be confused with many others named after the famous physicist, such as the Albert Einstein World Award of Science given by the World Cultural Council (since 1984), the Albert Einstein Medal given by the Albert Einstein Society (since 1979), nor with the Hans Albert Einstein Award, named after his son and given by the American Society of Civil Engineers (since 1988).  It was established much earlier than these, when Einstein was still alive and was a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study.  It has been called "the highest of its kind in the United States" by "The New York Times".  Some considered it as "the prestigious equivalent of a Nobel Prize".

Chinese Constitutional Reform Association: Chinese Constitutional Reform Association (Chinese: 中國憲政協進會) is a political pressure organization founded in 2002 and officially established on October 11, 2005.  It is currently led by Wang Dan, who was a student leader during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, and president Wang Juntao.  Its famous members include famous physicist Fang Lizhi and former advisor of Zhao Ziyang, Yan Jiaqi.  Its purpose is to push constitutional reform in People's Republic of China by political activities.

Einstein Wrote Back: Einstein Wrote Back is a memoir by Canadian physicist John Moffat which documents his encounters with various other famous physicists, including Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, Fred Hoyle, Wolfgang Pauli, Paul Dirac, Abdus Salam, and J. Robert Oppenheimer, as well as his work at Imperial College London, Princeton University, CERN, and the University of Toronto.

Mathilde Carmen Hertz: Mathilde Carmen Hertz (14 January 1891 – 20 November 1975) was a biologist, and was one of the first influential women scientists in the field of biology and a pioneer in the field of comparative psychology.  Working in Germany, her career started to unravel in 1933 due to her Jewish ancestry.  She was the younger daughter of the famous physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.

C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics: The C. N. Yang Institute of Theoretical Physics (YITP) is a research center at Stony Brook University.  In 1965, it was the vision of then University President J.S. Toll and Physics Department chair T.A. Pond to create an institute for theoretical physics and invite the famous physicist Chen Ning Yang from Institute for Advanced Study to serve as its director with the Albert Einstein Professorship of Physics.  While the center is often referred to as "YITP", this can be confusing as YITP also stands for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Japan.

Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist.  Einstein developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).  Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.  Einstein is best known by the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula "E" = "mc" (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation").  He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory.

Supporting paragraphs: Einstein Wrote Back Wolfgang Pauli
Answer: Wolfgang Pauli