Question: During the Climate Change Conference of 2009, what was the culminating document that came out of it at the conclusion in December 2009.

Context paragraphs:
2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place between 1 December – 12 December 2003 in Milan, Italy.  The conference included the 9th Conference of the Parties (COP9) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  The parties agreed to use the Adaptation Fund established at COP7 in 2001 primarily in supporting developing countries better adapt to climate change.  The fund would also be used for capacity-building through technology transfer.  At the conference, the parties also agreed to review the first national reports submitted by 110 non-Annex I countries.

2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Cancún, Mexico, from 29 November to 10 December 2010.  The conference is officially referred to as the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 16) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 6th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties (CMP 6) to the Kyoto Protocol.  In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC — the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) — held their 33rd sessions.  The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference extended the mandates of the two temporary subsidiary bodies, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), and they met as well.

Copenhagen Accord: The Copenhagen Agreement is a document that delegates at the 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to "take note of" at the final plenary on 18 December 2009.

2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place between November 6 and 17, 2006 in Nairobi, Kenya.  The conference included the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) and the 2nd Meeting of the Parties (MOP2) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  At the meeting, BBC reporter Richard Black coined the phrase "climate tourists" to describe some delegates who attended "to see Africa, take snaps of the wildlife, the poor, dying African children and women".  Black also noted that due to delegates concerns over economic costs and possible losses of competitiveness, the majority of the discussions avoided any mention of reducing emissions.  Black concluded that was a disconnect between the political process and the scientific imperative.  Despite such criticism, certain strides were made at COP12, including in the areas of support for developing countries and clean development mechanism.  The parties adopted a five-year plan of work to support climate change adaptation by developing countries, and agreed on the procedures and modalities for the Adaptation Fund.  They also agreed to improve the projects for clean development mechanism.

2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference was an international meeting of political leaders and activists to discuss environmental issues.  It was held in Marrakech, Morocco from November 7 to 18.  The conference incorporated the twenty-second Conference of the Parties (COP22), the twelfth meeting of the parties for the Kyoto Protocol (CMP12), and the first meeting of the parties for the Paris Agreement (CMA1).  The purpose of the conference was to discuss and implement plans about combatting climate change and to "[demonstrate] to the world that the implementation of the Paris Agreement is underway".  Participants work together to come up with global solutions to climate change.

Bali Declaration by Climate Scientists: The 2007 Bali Declaration by Climate Scientists was a statement signed by over 200 climate scientists advocating specific targets for greenhouse gas emissions for the 21st century.  The statement was based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Article 2 that committed signatories to the "...stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" and on the science available in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment report (IPCC AR4).  The Bali Declaration was released to coincide with the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference which took place in Bali 3–15 December 2007.

2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place between November 28 and December 9, 2005, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  The conference included the 11th Conference of the Parties (COP11) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and was the first "Meeting of the Parties" (MOP1) to the Kyoto Protocol since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997.  It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever.  The event marked the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol on 16 February 2005.  Hosting more than 10,000 delegates, it was one of Canada's largest international events ever and the largest gathering in Montreal since Expo 67.  The Montreal Action Plan was an agreement to "extend the life of the Kyoto Protocol beyond its 2012 expiration date and negotiate deeper cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions" by starting negotiations, without delay on an extension of the protocol.  Canada's environment minister, at the time, Stéphane Dion, said the agreement provides a "map for the future".

2002 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2002 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place from October 23 to November 1, 2002, in New Delhi, India.  The conference included the 8th Conference of the Parties (COP8) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  The conference adopted the Delhi Ministerial Declaration that, amongst others, called for efforts by developed countries to transfer technology and minimize the impact of climate change on developing countries.  It is also approved the New Delhi work programme on Article 6 of the Convention.  The COP8 was marked by Russia's hesitation, stating that it needed more time to think it over.  The Kyoto Protocol could enter into force once it was ratified by 55 countries, including countries responsible for 55 per cent of the developed world's 1990 carbon dioxide emissions.  With the United States (36.1 per cent share of developed-world carbon dioxide) and Australia refusing ratification, Russia's agreement (17% of global emissions in 1990) was required to meet the ratification criteria and therefore Russia could delay the process.

High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing: United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon established a High-Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing (AGF) on 12 February 2010 for the duration of ten months.  The group's aim was to "study potential sources of revenue that will enable achievement of the level of climate change financing that was promised during the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009."

2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference: The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly known as the Copenhagen Summit, was held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 7 and 18 December.  The conference included the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 5th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 5) to the Kyoto Protocol.  According to the Bali Road Map, a framework for climate change mitigation beyond 2012 was to be agreed there.

Supporting paragraphs: Copenhagen Accord 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference
Answer: The Copenhagen Agreement