Question: Are Vladimir Arnold and Anatoly Fomenko both Soviet mathematicians?

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Gabriella Pinzari: Gabriella Pinzari is an Italian mathematician.  Her research on the n -body problem has been described as "the most natural way to apply" the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem to the problem.  The original work of Vladimir Arnold on this theorem attempted to use it to show the stability of the solar system or similar systems of planetary orbits, but this worked only for the three-body problem because of a degeneracy in Arnold's mathematical framework.  Pinzari showed how to eliminate this problem, and extend the solution to larger numbers of bodies, by developing "a rotation-invariant version of the KAM theory".

Arnold diffusion: In applied mathematics, Arnold diffusion is the phenomenon of instability of integrable Hamiltonian systems.  The phenomenon is named after Vladimir Arnold who was the first to publish a result in the field in 1964.  More precisely, Arnold diffusion refers to results asserting the existence of solutions to nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems that exhibit a significant change in the action variables.

Anatoly Fomenko: Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko (Russian: Анато́лий Тимофе́евич Фоме́нко ) (born 13 March 1945 in Stalino, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, professor at Moscow State University, well known as a topologist, and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  He is author of a pseudoscientific theory known as New Chronology.  He is also a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1991).

Independent University of Moscow: The Independent University of Moscow (IUM) (Russian: Независимый Московский Университет (НМУ) ) is a small educational organisation with rather informal status located in Moscow, Russia.  It was founded in 1991 by a group of prominent Russian mathematicians that included Vladimir Arnold (chairman) and Sergei Novikov.  The IUM consists of the departments of mathematics and theoretical physics and the post-graduate school.  Anyone can attend lectures and seminars and become a student after passing three exams.  The IUM is the only non-state college for the preparation of professional mathematicians in Russia .  An IUM diploma is recognized by such authoritative mathematical institutions as the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Harvard University and the Weizmann Institute.

New Chronology (Fomenko): The New Chronology is a pseudohistorical theory which argues that the conventional chronology of Middle Eastern and European history is fundamentally flawed, and that events attributed to the civilizations of the Roman Empire, Ancient Greece and Ancient Egypt actually occurred during the Middle Ages, more than a thousand years later.  The central concepts of the New Chronology are derived from the ideas of Russian scholar Nikolai Morozov (1854–1946), although work by French scholar Jean Hardouin (1646–1729) can be viewed as an earlier predecessor.  However, the New Chronology is most commonly associated with Russian mathematician Anatoly Fomenko (born 1945), although published works on the subject are actually a collaboration between Fomenko and several other mathematicians.  The concept is most fully explained in "History: Fiction or Science?" , originally published in Russian.

Marčenko–Pastur distribution: In random matrix theory, the Marčenko–Pastur distribution, or Marčenko–Pastur law, describes the asymptotic behavior of singular values of large rectangular random matrices.  The theorem is named after Soviet mathematicians Vladimir Marčenko and Leonid Pastur who proved this result in 1967.

Smale's problems: Smale's problems are a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics that was proposed by Steve Smale in 1998, republished in 1999.  Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century.  Arnold's inspiration came from the list of Hilbert's problems that had been published at the beginning of the 20th century.

Gudkov's conjecture: In real algebraic geometry, Gudkov's conjecture, also called Gudkov’s congruence, (named after D. A. Gudkov) was a conjecture, and is now a theorem, which states that "a M-curve* of even degree "2d" obeys "p" – "n" ≡ "d" (mod 8)", where "p" is the number of positive ovals and "n" the number of negative ovals of the M-curve.  It was proved by the combined works of Vladimir Arnold and Vladimir Rokhlin.

List of Ukrainian mathematicians: This a list of the best known Ukrainian mathematicians.  This list includes some Polish, pre-revolutionary Russian and Soviet mathematicians who lived or worked in Ukraine.

Vladimir Arnold: Vladimir Igorevich Arnold (alternative spelling Arnol'd, Russian: Влади́мир И́горевич Арно́льд , 12 June 1937 – 3 June 2010) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician.  While he is best known for the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem regarding the stability of integrable systems, he made important contributions in several areas including dynamical systems theory, catastrophe theory, topology, algebraic geometry, symplectic geometry, differential equations, classical mechanics, hydrodynamics and singularity theory, including posing the ADE classification problem, since his first main result—the solution of Hilbert's thirteenth problem in 1957 at the age of 19.

Supporting paragraphs: Vladimir Arnold Anatoly Fomenko
Answer: yes