Question: Which English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist inspired Scottish philosopher David Hume to write his book "A Treatise of Human Nature" ?

Context paragraphs:
A Treatise of Human Nature (Abstract): An Abstract of a Book lately Published, full title "An Abstract of a Book lately Published; Entitled, A Treatise of Human Nature, &c. Wherein the Chief Argument of that Book is farther Illustrated and Explained" is a summary of the main doctrines of David Hume's work "A Treatise of Human Nature", published anonymously in 1740.  There has been speculation about the authorship of the work.  Some scholars believe it was written by Hume's friend, the economist Adam Smith.  Most believe it was written by Hume himself, in an attempt to popularise the "Treatise".

Isaac Newton: Sir Isaac Newton {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.  His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics.  Newton also made pathbreaking contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume, published in English in 1748.  It was a revision of an earlier effort, Hume's "A Treatise of Human Nature", published anonymously in London in 1739–40.  Hume was disappointed with the reception of the "Treatise", which "fell dead-born from the press," as he put it, and so tried again to disseminate his more developed ideas to the public by writing a shorter and more polemical work.

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is a philosophical work by the Scottish philosopher David Hume.  Through dialogue, three philosophers named Demea, Philo, and Cleanthes debate the nature of God's existence.  Whether or not these names reference specific philosophers, ancient or otherwise, remains a topic of scholarly dispute.  While all three agree that a god exists, they differ sharply in opinion on God's nature or attributes and how, or if, humankind can come to knowledge of a deity.

Hume's principle: Hume's principle or HP—the terms were coined by George Boolos—says that the number of "F"s is equal to the number of "G"s if and only if there is a one-to-one correspondence (a bijection) between the "F"s and the "G"s. HP can be stated formally in systems of second-order logic.  Hume's principle is named for the Scottish philosopher David Hume.

Science of man: The science of man (or the science of human nature) is a topic in David Hume's 18th century experimental philosophy "A Treatise of Human Nature" (1739).  The science of man expanded the understanding of facets of human nature, including senses, impressions, ideas, imagination, passions, morality, justice, and society.

Bundle theory: Bundle theory, originated by the 18th century Scottish philosopher David Hume, is the ontological theory about objecthood in which an object consists only of a collection ("bundle") of properties, relations or tropes.

Constant conjunction: "Constant conjunction" is a phrase used in philosophy as a variant or near synonym for causality and induction.  It can be construed to contradict a more common phrase: Correlation is not causation.  It is often associated with or in constant concomitance by the philosopher David Hume who used the phrase with great regularity in his discussion of the limits of empiricism to provide an explanation for our ideas of causation and inference.  In "An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding" and "A Treatise of Human Nature" Hume proposed that the origin of our knowledge of necessary connections arises out of observation of the "constant conjunction" of certain impressions across many instances.  A more modern conception would argue that scientific law is distinguishable from a principle that arises merely accidentally because of the constant conjunction of one thing and another, but there is considerable controversy over what this distinguishing feature might be.

The Missing Shade of Blue: "The Missing Shade of Blue" is an example introduced by the Scottish philosopher David Hume to show that it is at least conceivable that the mind can generate an idea without first being exposed to the relevant sensory experience.  It is regarded as a problem by philosophers because it appears to stand in direct contradiction to what Hume had just written.

A Treatise of Human Nature: A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.  The "Treatise" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.  In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.  Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the "extent and force of human understanding".  Against the philosophical rationalists, Hume argues that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour.  He introduces the famous problem of induction, arguing that inductive reasoning and our beliefs regarding cause and effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is the result of mental habit and custom.  Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and passion rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions".  Hume also offers a skeptical theory of personal identity and a compatibilist account of free will.

Supporting paragraphs: A Treatise of Human Nature Isaac Newton
Answer: Isaac Newton