Question: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) is a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to the search for gravitational waves, the LSC was established in 1997, under the leadership of Barry Barish, an American experimental physicist, he is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at which institution?

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Barry Barish: Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist.  He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology.  He is a leading expert on gravitational waves.

LIGO Scientific Collaboration: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) is a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to the search for gravitational waves.  The LSC was established in 1997, under the leadership of Barry Barish.  Its mission is to ensure equal scientific opportunity for individual participants and institutions by organizing research, publications, and all other scientific activities, and it includes scientists from both LIGO Laboratory and collaborating institutions.  Barish appointed Rainer Weiss as the first spokesperson.

Nergis Mavalvala: Nergis Mavalvala, PhD is a Pakistani-American astrophysicist known for her role in the first observation of gravitational waves.  She is the Curtis and Kathleen Marble Professor of Astrophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she is also the Associate Head of the Department of Physics.  She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2010.  Mavalvala is best known for her work on the detection of gravitational waves in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project, but she has also obtained prominent results on other physics problems that evolved out of LIGO: for example, she has performed pioneering experiments on laser cooling of macroscopic objects and in the generation of squeezed quantum states of light.

Bernard F. Schutz: Bernard F. Schutz (born August 11, 1946, in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American physicist.  His research is on Einstein's theory of general relativity, more concretely on the physics of gravitational waves.  He is one of the directors and head of the astrophysics group at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam, Germany.  He is principal investigator in charge of data analysis for the GEO600 collaboration (which, in turn, is part of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the largest concerted effort to directly detect gravitational waves).  Schutz is also a member of the science team coordinating the planning and development for the space-borne gravitational wave detector LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), and he was instrumental in the foundation of the electronic, open access review journal "Living Reviews in Relativity".

Alessandra Buonanno: Alessandra Buonanno is a theoretical physicist working in gravitational-wave physics and cosmology.  She is a director at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) in Potsdam, Germany, leading the "Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity" division.  She holds a College Park professorship at the University of Maryland, College Park in College Park, Maryland, and is a meber of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration.

David McClelland (physicist): David Ernest McClelland is an Australian physicist, with his research focused on the development of the manipulation and control of optical quantum states, and its implementation into gravitational wave observatories.  He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society.  He has published over 300 journal articles.  He was the lead investigator for the Australian hardware contribution to the Advanced LIGO (USA) that, in September 2015, made the first direct observation of gravitational waves.  He is a recipient of the Joseph F Keithley Award for Advances in Measurement Science (2013).  Currently he is a professor at The Australian National University in the Research School of Physics and Engineering, in Canberra (Australia).  He is Director of the ANU’s Centre for Gravitational Physics and Deputy Director of OzGrav - the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Gravitational Wave Discovery.

Bruce Allen (physicist): Bruce Allen (born May 11, 1959) is an American physicist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Hannover Germany and leader of the Einstein@Home project for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration.  He is also a physics professor at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.

Gabriela González: Gabriela González, (born 24 February 1965 in Cordoba, Argentina ) is a professor of physics and astronomy at the Louisiana State University and was the spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration from March 2011 until March 2017.  She has published several papers on Brownian motion as a limit to the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors, and has an interest in data analysis for gravitational-wave astronomy.

Advanced LIGO Documentary Project: The Advanced LIGO Documentary Project is a collaboration formed in the summer of 2015 among Caltech, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director Les Guthman to document the Advanced LIGO search for gravitational waves, both to videotape a longitudinal record of the project for history and to make a documentary of the LIGO project's then-expected detection of the first gravitational waves.

Gravitational wave background: The gravitational wave background (also GWB and stochastic background) is a possible target of gravitational wave detection experiments.  The detection of such a background would have a profound impact on early-universe cosmology and on high-energy physics.  The emission of gravitational waves from astrophysical sources can create a stochastic background of gravitational waves.  For instance, a sufficiently massive star at the final stage of its evolution will collapse to form either a black hole or a neutron star – in the rapid collapse during the final moments of an explosive supernova event, which can lead to such formations, gravitational waves may theoretically be liberated.  Also, in rapidly rotating neutron stars there is a whole class of instabilities driven by the emission of gravitational waves.

Supporting paragraphs: LIGO Scientific Collaboration Barry Barish
Answer: California Institute of Technology