Question: Which European empire, divided into autonomous kingdoms and ruled by an emperor with little authority outside of his own kingdom, is the subject of the "Annales mosellani"?

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Emperor Yi of Chu: Emperor Yi of Chu (died 206 BC), also known as King Huai II of Chu, personal name Xiong Xin, was the ruler of the Chu state in the late Qin dynasty.  He was a grandson of King Huai of Chu.  In 223 BC, during the Warring States period, the Chu state was conquered by the Qin state, which unified the various Chinese feudal states in a series of wars and established the Qin dynasty in 221 BC.  In 209 BC, when rebellions broke out throughout China to overthrow the Qin dynasty, the Chu state was revived as an insurgent state against Qin imperial rule.  Xiong Xin was discovered by Xiang Liang, a rebel leader who descended from a famous Chu general (Xiang Yan), and installed on the Chu throne as "King Huai II of Chu".  However, Xiong Xin was merely a puppet ruler because power was concentrated in Xiang Liang's hands, and was later passed on to Xiang Liang's nephew, Xiang Yu, after Xiang Liang was killed in battle.  In 206 BC, the Qin dynasty was overthrown by the rebels, after which Xiang Yu, who was the "de facto" leader of all the rebel forces, divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms.  He promoted King Huai II to a more "honourable" title – Emperor Yi of Chu – and made him the nominal sovereign ruler over all the Eighteen Kingdoms.  Xiang Yu then had Emperor Yi relocated to Chen County (郴縣; in present-day Chenzhou, Hunan) and secretly ordered Ying Bu to assassinate the emperor during the journey.

Derbyshire County Council election, 2017: An election to Derbyshire County Council took place on 4 May 2017 as part of the United Kingdom local elections, 2017.  64 councillors were elected from 61 electoral divisions which returned either one or two county councillors each by first-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office.  No elections were held in the City of Derby, which is a unitary authority outside the area covered by the County Council.  The Conservative Party won back control of the council, taking thirty-seven of the authority's sixty-four seats.

Petty kingdom: A petty kingdom is a kingdom described as minor or "petty" by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland unified under the Kingdom of England as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th).  Alternatively, a petty kingdom would be a minor kingdom in the immediate vicinity of larger kingdoms, such as the medieval Kingdom of Mann and the Isles relative to the kingdoms of Scotland or England or the Viking kingdoms of Scandinavia.

Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: The Byzantine–Bulgarian wars were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.  The Byzantines and Bulgarians continued to clash over the next century with variable success, until the Bulgarians, led by Krum, inflicted a series of crushing defeats on the Byzantines.  After Krum died in 814, his son Omurtag negotiated a thirty-year peace treaty.  In 893, during the next major war, Simeon I, the Bulgarian emperor, defeated the Byzantines while attempting to form a large Eastern European Empire, but his efforts failed.

End of the Han dynasty: The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian.  During this period, the country was thrown into turmoil by the Yellow Turban Rebellion (184-205).  Meanwhile, the Han Empire's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo, and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords, some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court.  Eventually, one of those warlords, Cao Cao, was able to gradually reunify the empire, ostensibly under Emperor Xian's rule, but the empire was actually controlled by Cao Cao himself.  Cao Cao's efforts to completely reunite the Han empire were rebuffed at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 / 209, when his armies were defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei.  The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour.  Cao Pi became the emperor of a new state, Cao Wei.  A year later, in response to Cao Pi's usurpation of the Han throne, Liu Bei declared himself emperor of Shu Han; and in 229, Sun Quan followed suit, declaring himself emperor of Eastern Wu.  The period from Emperor Xian's abdication in 220 to the partial reunification of China under the Jin dynasty in 265 was known as the Three Kingdoms era in Chinese history.

Annales mosellani: The Annales mosellani or mosellenses ("AM") or Moselle Annals are a set of minor "Reichsannalen" (annals of the Carolingian Empire) covering the years 703 to 798.  Its entries are brief and unliterary, but broad in scope and generally accurate.  They have only partially been translated into English.

Derbyshire County Council election, 2013: An election to Derbyshire County Council took place on 2 May 2013 as part of the United Kingdom local elections, 2013.  Following the final draft of the 2012 electoral review, 64 councillors were elected from 61 electoral divisions which returned either one or two county councillors each by first-past-the-post voting for a four-year term of office.  No elections were held in the City of Derby, which is a unitary authority outside the area covered by the County Council.  The Labour Party won back control of the council by a landslide victory, taking forty-two of the authority's sixty-four seats.

Austria-Hungary: Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or "Cisleithania") and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or "Transleithania") that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I.  The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.  Austria-Hungary consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region: the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement ("Nagodba") in 1868.  It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy.  Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co-equal.  Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states.

Battle of Lüne and the Elbe (Saxon Wars): The Battle of Lüne and the Elbe took place in 795 as part of Charlemagne’s Saxon Wars, as reported in the Annales Mosellani.  Lüne is the name of a location near the left lower reaches of the Elbe related to the Saxon campaign of Charlemagne in the year 795.  Between 794 and 799, Charlemagne undertook the annual campaigns of the Saxon Wars to consolidate his conquests there.

Carolingian Empire: The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.  It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards of Italy from 774.  In 800, the Frankish king Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III in an effort to revive the Roman Empire in the west during a vacancy in the throne of the eastern Roman Empire.  After a civil war (840–43) following the death of Emperor Louis the Pious, the empire was divided into autonomous kingdoms, with one king still recognised as emperor, but with little authority outside his own kingdom.  The unity of the empire and the hereditary right of the Carolingians continued to be acknowledged.

Supporting paragraphs: Annales mosellani Carolingian Empire
Answer: The Carolingian Empire