Question: Was Children's National Medical Center or St. Elizabeths Hospital the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States?

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Loreta Janeta Velázquez: Loreta Janeta Velázquez (June 26, 1842 – 1923), was a Cuban-born woman who masqueraded as a male Confederate soldier during the American Civil War.  After her soldier husband's accidental death, she enlisted in the Confederate States Army in 1861.  She then fought at Bull Run, Ball's Bluff, and Fort Donelson, but was discharged when her gender was discovered while in New Orleans.  Undeterred, she reenlisted and fought at Shiloh, until unmasked once more.  She then became a Confederate spy, working in both male and female guises, and as a double agent also reporting to the U.S. Secret Service.  She remarried three more times, being widowed in each instance.  According to William C Davis, she died in January 1923 under the name Loretta J. Beard after many years away from the public eye in a public psychiatric facility, St. Elizabeths Hospital.  She spied on the Union for about 5 years.

Winfred Overholser: Winfred Overholser (1892 – October 6, 1964) was an American psychiatrist, president of the American Psychiatric Association, and for 25 years the superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital, a federal institution for the mentally ill in Washington, D.C.

Congress Heights station: Congress Heights is an island platformed Washington Metro station in the Congress Heights neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.  The station was opened on January 13, 2001, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA).  Providing service for only the Green Line, the station is located at Alabama Avenue and 13th Street, lying under St. Elizabeths Hospital.  Congress Heights is the last Green Line station in the District of Columbia going southeast.

Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus: Monmouth Medical Center Southern Campus, formerly Kimball Medical Center and before that, Paul Kimball Hospital, is a hospital located in Lakewood, New Jersey, United States, that serves parts of northern Ocean County and southern Monmouth County.  The hospital is affiliated with Barnabas Health.  Monmounth Medical Center Southern Campus also operates two satellite facilities: a psychiatric hospital known as Barnabas Health Behavioral Health Center, formerly Kimball Behavioral Health, (with 100 inpatient beds) in Toms River, NJ and The Center for Healthy Living in Lakewood.

Baylor College of Medicine: Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, US, is a health sciences university.  It includes a medical school, Baylor College of Medicine; the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; the School of Allied Health Sciences; and the National School of Tropical Medicine.  The school, located in the middle of the world's largest medical center (Texas Medical Center), is part owner of Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, part of the CHI St. Luke's Health system, and has hospital affiliations with: Harris Health System, Texas Children's Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Memorial Hermann - The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Menninger Clinic, the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Children's Hospital of San Antonio.

St. John's Regional Medical Center (California): St. John's Regional Medical Center is a hospital located in Oxnard, California in the United States, and is operated by Dignity Health, along with its sister hospital, St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital in Camarillo, California.  The hospital was founded in 1912.  St. John's Regional Medical Center and St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital offer comprehensive medical services, including 24-hour emergency medical and surgical services and care, cancer and oncology care and support, cardiovascular care, community outreach and screenings, diagnostic imaging services, laboratory services, maternity and women's services, neonatal intensive care, palliative care, patient and family education, rehabilitation services, spine and orthopedic care, weight loss surgery, wound healing and oxygen therapy, and more.  Together, St. John's Regional Medical Center and St. John's Pleasant Valley Hospital represent the largest acute-care health organization in Ventura County.  St. John's hospitals serve all of Ventura County and beyond, including the cities of Camarillo, Moorpark, Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Ventura, and Somis.

Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center: Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center (Hebrew: בית החולים כפר שאול‎ ‎ ), established in 1951, is an Israeli public psychiatric hospital located between Givat Shaul and Har Nof, Jerusalem.  It is affiliated with the Hadassah Medical Center and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.  The hospital is Jerusalem's designated psychiatric hospital for tourists who display mental health disturbances, and is widely known for its research on Jerusalem Syndrome.

Mercy Hospital and Medical Center: Mercy Hospital and Medical Center is a 292 bed general medical and surgical Catholic teaching hospital in Chicago, Illinois.  Established in 1852, The hospital was the first chartered hospital in Chicago.  In 1859, Mercy Hospital became the first Catholic hospital to affiliate with a medical school—Lind Medical School—and the first to require a graded curriculum.  Today, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center is part of a nationwide network of Mercy Healthcare facilities.  Mercy also is the hospital used by the Daley family: all of their children were born there.  Mercy sold a plot of land to the north of their hospital for 60 million dollars in 2008.  It is also the main women's cancer center in Illinois.  It accepted patients from Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center and absorbed the ambulance routes when the hospital closed in 2008.  Mercy follows Catholic teaching but does give birth control to rape patients.

St. Elizabeths Hospital: St. Elizabeths Hospital opened in 1855 as the first federally operated psychiatric hospital in the United States.  Housing over 8,000 patients at its peak in the 1950s, the hospital at one point had a fully functioning medical-surgical unit, a school of nursing, and accredited internships and psychiatric residencies.  Its campus was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1990.

Children's National Medical Center: Children’s National Medical Center (formerly DC Children’s Hospital) is ranked among the top 10 children’s hospitals in the country by "U.S. News & World Report."  Located just north of the McMillan Reservoir and Howard University, it shares grounds with Washington Hospital Center, National Rehabilitation Hospital, and the DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center.  Kurt Newman, M.D., has served as the president and chief executive officer of Children’s National since 2011.  Children's National is a not-for-profit institution that performs more than 450,000 visits each year.  Featuring 303 beds and a Level IV NICU, Children's National is the regional referral center for pediatric emergency, trauma, cancer, cardiac and critical care as well as neonatology, orthopaedic surgery, neurology and neurosurgery.

Supporting paragraphs: Children's National Medical Center St. Elizabeths Hospital
Answer: St. Elizabeths Hospital