Question: What is the third most widespread species of rat in the world, which was partially responsible for the extinction of the Kauaʻi ʻōʻō?

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Steve Thompson (songwriter): Steve Thompson (born 24 April 1952) is a British songwriter and record producer who is responsible for a number of single and album chart hits and well known songs recorded by international recording artists.  He was instrumental in setting up the influential Neat Records.  He was particularly active as a producer during (as well as being partially responsible for), the NWOBHM years (New Wave of British Heavy Metal) During this time he produced many acts and kick-started the careers of several influential heavy metal acts including the first recordings of Newcastle band Venom ( who are widely credited with the invention of black metal) and Raven who have been credited with being hugely influential by Metallica.

Archimantis latistyla: Archimantis latistyla, commonly known as the large brown mantis (also known as the stick mantis or Australian mantis) is a species of mantid native to Australia.  The large brown mantis has two subspecies, a widespread subspecies and the stick mantis ghost from Bundabergs Turtle Sands.  The stick mantis ghosts are not as aggressive as the widespread species but have a defense display used to make the mantis appear larger by flinging its front legs into the air and putting its head down along with its antennae.  Large brown mantids are light brown with short winged female and a long winged male.  The subspecies from Bundaberg is a pale cream white with a yellow and black eye in between the arms (one and a half times the size of the widespread subspecies).  The large brown mantis female is short winged - her wings reach only half her abdomen and she is not able to fly—but the long winged male has wings that cover the entire abdomen.  They have two pairs of wings - the top pair are the wing covers and the bottom wings enable the mantis to fly.

Biorhiza pallida: Biorhiza pallida is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae.  This species is a member of the tribe Cynipini: the oak gall wasp tribe.  Cynipini is the tribe partially responsible for the formation of galls known as oak apples on oak trees.  These are formed after the wasp lays eggs inside the leaf buds and the plant tissues swell as the larvae of the gall wasp develop inside.

Red-breasted parakeet: The red-breasted parakeet ("Psittacula alexandri") is among the more widespread species of the genus and is the species which has the most geographical variations.  It is easily identified by the large reddish patch on its breast.  An alternative name is the moustached parakeet depending on subspecies.  Most of the subspecies are confined to small islands or a cluster of islands in Indonesia.  One subspecies occurs in the Andaman islands, and one subspecies occurs in continental Southeast Asia and partly extending to northeastern parts of South Asia along the foothills of the Himalayas.  Some of the island races may be threatened by the wild bird trade.  The nominate race, which occurs in Java, is close to extinction.

Holocene extinction: The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly due to human activity.  The large number of extinctions spans numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. With widespread degradation of highly biodiverse habitats such as coral reefs and rainforest, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions is thought to be undocumented.  The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background rates.

The Shop (Stephen King): The Shop is a fictional, top secret United States government agency, with seemingly well-meaning, but actually evil, intentions and motivations in the writings of Stephen King.  It is similar to the Syndicate in "The X-Files."  It plays a central role as the antagonist in the novel "Firestarter," the miniseries "Golden Years," and the film "The Lawnmower Man."  It is also an element of the novel "The Tommyknockers."  In addition, an offhand reference hints that it may be at least partially responsible for the events of the novella "The Mist."  In the miniseries adaptation of "The Langoliers," Bob Jenkins tosses out a government conspiracy-based theory for the conditions of the plane and refers to the theoretical agency responsible as "The Shop".  In "The Stand," The Shop is tasked with stopping the superflu outbreak, which it utterly fails to do.  The Shop is interested in the scientific research of what might otherwise be considered paranormal phenomena, such as aliens, immortality, and paranormal or psychic powers.

Kauaʻi ʻōʻō: The Kauaʻ i ʻ ōʻ ō or ʻ ōʻ ōʻ āʻ ā (Moho braccatus) is a member of the extinct genus of the ʻ ōʻ ōs ("Moho") within the extinct family Mohoidae from the islands of Hawai'i.  It was previously regarded as member of the Australo-Pacific honeyeaters ("Meliphagidae").  This bird was endemic to the island of Kauaʻ i.  It was common in the subtropical forests of the island until the early twentieth century, when its decline began.  Its song was last heard in 1987 and it is now probably extinct.  The causes of its extinction include the introduction of the Polynesian rat, domestic pig, and mosquitoes carrying avian disease (avian malaria and avian pox), as well as habitat destruction.

Victim blaming: Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them.  The study of victimology seeks to mitigate the perception of victims as responsible.  There is a greater tendency to blame victims of rape than victims of robbery if victims and perpetrators know each other.

Tropical Storm Bavi (2015): Tropical Storm Bavi, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Betty, influenced the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean and was partially responsible for one of the strongest trade wind reversals ever observed.  The system was first noted as a tropical disturbance during March 8, while it was located to the southeast of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.  Over the next couple of days the system moved north-westwards through the Marshall Islands, before it was classified as a tropical depression during March 10.  The system subsequently moved north-westwards and continued to develop further, before it was classified as the third tropical storm of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season and named Bavi by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) during March 11.  After continuing its north-westwards movement, the system peaked as a tropical storm during March 14, before it started to weaken as it approached the Mariana Islands.  The system subsequently passed over Guam during the next day, before continuing its west-northwestwards movement as it gradually weakened over the next few days.  The system entered the Philippine area of responsibility, where it was named Betty by PAGASA during March 17 as the system weakened into a tropical depression.  The system was subsequently last noted during March 21, as it dissipated over the Philippines.

Polynesian rat: The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat ("Rattus exulans"), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.  The Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, and like its relatives, has become widespread, migrating to most Polynesian islands, including New Zealand, Easter Island, and Hawaii.  It shares high adaptability with other rat species extending to many environments, from grasslands to forests.  It is also closely associated with humans, who provide easy access to food.  It has become a major pest in most areas of its distribution.

Supporting paragraphs: Kauaʻi ʻōʻō Polynesian rat
Answer: Polynesian rat