Question: Philip Stanley Abbot was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1889, and of Harvard Law School, class of 1893, he practiced law until 1894 with Samuel D. Warren and Louis Dembitz Brandeis, was an American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to what year?

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Louis Brandeis: Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( ; November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939.  He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Jewish immigrant parents from Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic), who raised him in a secular home.  He attended Harvard Law School, graduating at the age of twenty with the highest grade average in the law school's history.  Brandeis settled in Boston, where he founded a law firm (that is still in practice today as Nutter McClennen & Fish) and became a recognized lawyer through his work on progressive social causes.

James Vorenberg: James Vorenberg (October 1, 1928 – April 12, 2000) was the Roscoe Pound Professor of Law and Dean of Harvard Law School, former Watergate Associate Special Prosecutor, and first chair of the Massachusetts State Ethics Commission.  Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Vorenberg attended Harvard College, from which he graduated "magna cum laude" with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948, and Harvard Law School, which bestowed on him the Juris Doctor degree in 1951.  In his first year at Harvard Law, he achieved the highest grades in his class and was awarded the Sears Prize.  He served as the president of the "Harvard Law Review" while attending the school.  In 1953, he clerked for Justice Felix Frankfurter at the U.S. Supreme Court.

Martha Minow: Martha Louise Minow (born December 6, 1954) is the Carter Professor of General Jurisprudence at Harvard Law School and Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University.  She served as the Dean of the Law School between 2009 and 2017, and on June 30, 2017, she stepped down from her post as Morgan and Helen Chu Dean and Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.  She has taught at Harvard Law School since 1981.  Minow was one of the candidates mentioned to replace U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens upon his retirement.

University of Louisville School of Law: The University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, commonly referred to as The University of Louisville School of Law, U of L Brandeis School of Law, or the Brandeis School of Law, is the law school of the University of Louisville.  Established in 1846, it is the oldest law school in Kentucky and the fifth oldest in the country in continuous operation.  The law school is named after Justice Louis Dembitz Brandeis, who served on the Supreme Court of the United States and was the school's patron.  Following the example of Brandeis, who eventually stopped accepting payment for "public interest" cases, Louis D. Brandeis School of Law was one of the first law schools in the nation to require students to complete public service before graduation.

Philip Stanley Abbot: Philip Stanley Abbot was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1889, and of Harvard Law School, class of 1893.  He practiced law until 1894 with Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis of Boston.  He then went to Milwaukee, where he was employed as assistant attorney for the Wisconsin Central Railroad (1871–99), of which his father, Edwin Hale Abbot, was president.  The original family home was at 1 Follon Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts the now renowned Edwin Abbot House; but the family in 1896 were at Bar Harbor, Maine.

Natalie Wexler: Natalie L. Wexler is an education journalist, novelist, and historian.  She is a graduate of the Bryn Mawr School, and Radcliffe College (A.B. 1976, "magna cum laude"), where she wrote for the "Harvard Crimson".  She also has degrees from the University of Sussex (M.A. 1977), and the University of Pennsylvania Law School (J.D. 1983), where she served as editor-in-chief of the "University of Pennsylvania Law Review".  After graduating law school, she worked as a law clerk for Judge Alvin Benjamin Rubin of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, and then for Associate Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court.  Following her clerkships, she practiced law with Bredhoff & Kaiser in Washington, D.C.  She later served as an associate editor of the eight-volume series "The Documentary History of the Supreme Court, 1789-1800", and her articles and essays have appeared in the "Washington Post Magazine", "The American Scholar", and "The Gettysburg Review", among other places.

Nutter McClennen &amp; Fish: Nutter McClennen & Fish LLP is a long-standing law firm in Boston, Massachusetts.  It was founded in 1879 by Harvard Law School classmates Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis.  The firm operated under the name Warren & Brandeis until 1897, although Warren left active practice in 1888 to take over his family's business.  William Harrison Dunbar, son of a Harvard professor, joined the firm in 1886, and George Read Nutter joined in 1889.  The firm took the name Brandeis Dunbar & Nutter in 1897 and kept that name until 1916, when Brandeis was nominated to the Supreme Court.  The firm now has about 140 lawyers.

Christine M. Jolls: Christine Jolls (born October 1, 1967) is the Gordon Bradford Tweedy Professor of Law and Organization at Yale Law School, where she has been on the faculty since 2006.  She is a leader in the emerging theory of behavioral economics and law.  Her areas of research include also employment law and contracts.  She received her B.A. in economics from Stanford University, a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her J.D. from Harvard Law School.  She served as a law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia and taught at Harvard Law School before teaching at Yale Law School.  She often collaborates with Professor Cass Sunstein of Harvard Law School.

John F. Manning: John F. Manning (born 1961) is the Dean of Harvard Law School, a prominent American legal academic and the Morgan and Hellen Chu Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.  He graduated from Harvard College in 1982 and from Harvard Law School in 1985.  Following law school, he served as a law clerk to Judge Robert H. Bork at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.  He then served as law clerk to Justice Antonin Scalia for the Supreme Court's 1988 term.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ( ; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930.  Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of "Schenck v. United States", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States.  Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90 years, making him the oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history.  He also served as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law School, of which he was an alumnus.

Supporting paragraphs: Philip Stanley Abbot Louis Brandeis
Answer: 1939