Question: Ella Mikhaylovna Polyakova, is a Russian human rights activist, a member of which current President of Russia, holding the office since 7 May 2012?

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Undule Mwakasungula: Undule Mwakasungula is a 'retired' human rights activist in Malawi.  As an activist, he served as the chairperson for the Human Rights Consultative Committee (HRCC).  He is also the former director for the Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation (HCRR), a network of Church Institutions, Human Rights NGOs and the Law Society of Malawi that serves to work together in areas of human rights, advocacy and information sharing.  HRCC and Mwakasungula was one of the primary organizers of the July 20th, 2011 Malawian protests.  He has been a critical opponent of the Bingu wa Mutharika administration, likening it to Zimbabwe's current administration under Robert Mugabe, "We are almost Zimbabwe, both in the economy and in political governance."

Convention on the Rights of Older Persons: The proposed Convention on the Rights of Older Persons is regarded as the next major United Nations human rights treaty.  The proposed treaty will seek to remedy the fragmented human rights structure for older persons, and will focus on reaffirming critical human rights which are of concern to the elderly.  The focus of the treaty will be persons over 60 years of age, which is a growing demographic worldwide due to increased population ageing.  The treaty follows from the success of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child which has seen near universal acceptance since 1989.  Where the UNCRC focuses on the rights of younger persons, the UNCROP will address those who form the older portion of society, who according to United Nations reports, are becoming increasingly vulnerable as a group without applicable normative standards of Human Rights Law.  Support for a Convention is becoming increasingly popular, as human rights groups including the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), HelpAge International, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the International Labour Organization, and many other NGOs and states have expressed support for a universal instrument.  The need for a treaty has arisen due to issues surrounding demographic changes from population ageing.  This has led to significant interest in how to best ensure the well being of older persons.  Among the rights issues faced by older persons are their rights against ageist discrimination, and the rights to participation.  The debate surrounding the convention focuses on the implementation and safeguarding of these rights, to set normative standards of human rights for older persons.  One substantive issue is the conception of elder abuse as between individuals.  Individual relationships generally fall outside of current human rights law, which seeks to present standards of relations between states and individuals.  Therefore, it has been suggested that the proposed human rights convention for older persons ought to be drafted as an anti-discrimination convention.  However, This would not be consistent with other multilateral human rights conventions such as the ICCPR and ICESCR which set normative standards.

Vladimir Putin: Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ( ; Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин ; ] ; born 7 October 1952) is the current President of Russia, holding the office since 7 May 2012.  He was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000, President from 2000 to 2008, and again Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012.  During his second term as Prime Minister, he was the Chairman of the ruling United Russia party.

Gregory Shvedov: Grigory Sergeyevich Shvedov (Григорий Сергеевич Шведов, born 14 October 1976) is a Russian human rights activist and journalist, known for his efforts in promoting human rights in Russia, most notably in the Caucasus region.  He is currently the editor-in-chief of the Caucasian Knot (Кавказский узел), an online news medium established to provide unbiased information regarding political oppression, human rights violations, and the ongoing violent conflict throughout the region.  In 2012, he received the Geuzenpenning for his efforts.

Ella Polyakova: Ella Mikhaylovna Polyakova (Russian: Элла Михайловна Полякова ; born 7 February 1941) is a Russian human rights activist, a member of President Vladimir Putin's .  She is also a leader of non-governmental organization Soldiers' Mothers of St. Petersburg.  She is a laureate of Galina Starovoitova Peace Prize (1999), (2004); in 2005 she was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize.

Natalya Estemirova: Natalya Khusainovna Estemirova (Russian: Ната́лья Хусаи́новна Эстеми́рова ; 28 February 1958 – 15 July 2009) was an award-winning Russian human rights activist and board member of the Russian human rights organization Memorial.  Estemirova was abducted by unknown persons on 15 July 2009 around 8:30 a.m. from her home in Grozny, Chechnya, as she was working on "extremely sensitive" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya.  Two witnesses reported they saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted.  Her remains were found with bullet wounds in the head and chest area at 4:30 p.m. in woodland 100 m away from the federal road "Kavkaz" near the village of Gazi-Yurt, Ingushetia.

Human Rights Review Tribunal: The Human Rights Review Tribunal is a statutorily established institution fundamental to the application, determination and up holding of human rights in New Zealand.  The tribunal is established under the New Zealand Human Rights Act 1993.  The Human Rights Review Tribunal is one of two key human rights bodies in New Zealand and provides the mechanism for adjudication and resolution of human rights issues.  The jurisdiction of the tribunal extends to cover matters from domestic human rights law, principles given in the Privacy Act 1993 and the Health and Disability Commissioner Act 1994.  Complaints may be bought by the Director of Human Rights or where it is deemed not appropriate to do so, a citizen may proceed with a claim at their own cost.  The tribunal has the power to grant a wide range of remedies and in making a determination, is not required to give effect to technicalities but rather, the substantial merits of the case.  The Human Rights Review tribunal also holds special status within the array of tribunals in New Zealands domestic legal system, with a far more significant legal jurisdiction than other inter partes tribunals.  This special status reflects the fact that decisions of the tribunal can have substantial political and societal implications.

Nabeel Rajab: Nabeel Ahmed Abdulrasool Rajab (Arabic: نبيل أحمد عبدالرسول رجب‎ ‎ , born on 1 September 1964) is a Bahraini human rights activist and opposition leader.  He is president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR).  He is also a prominent international human rights activist.  He is a member of the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch's Middle East Division, Deputy Secretary General for the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), former chairman of CARAM Asia, member of the Advisory Board of the Bahrain Rehabilitation and Anti-Violence Organization (BRAVO), and president of Gulf Center for Human Rights (GCHR).

Yésica Sánchez Maya: Yésica Sánchez Maya (born 13 November 1977 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a human rights attorney who works in Oaxaca, Mexico.  In 2003, she began serving as president of the Mexican League for the Defense of Human Rights (LIMEDDH) in Oaxaca.  In 2006, when a teacher's strike erupted in Oaxaca she was threatened for defending clients and an arrest warrant was issued when she spoke out about the violence and human rights abuses the state was engaging in.  In 2008, she left LIMEDDH and founded the Consortium for Parliamentary Dialogue and Equality, for which she serves as Deputy Director, and works on a wide variety of issues including economic and politic inequality, femicide, education, and other human rights issues.  She has testified at a hearing by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights about violence against women in the region, sexual minorities, and indigenous women, including the Mixe and has attended hearings and presented reports to both the United Nations and the Organization of American States regarding forced disappearances, torture, and violence against women.  In 2011, Sánchez Maya and other human rights activists were able to pressure Oaxacan legislators to pass Law for the Defense of Human Rights to limit state intimidation and protect citizen's rights.  In 2012, she sought the office of state Ombudsman for the Defence of Human Rights of the People of Oaxaca (DDHPO) and had the support of NGOs and citizens, but the appointment went to Arturo Peimbert.  Sánchez Maya has been vocal in criticism of the ombudsman for failure to implement the Victims Act and convene the Committee of Victims.  In 2015, Sánchez Maya was advocating for laws to protect journalists and human rights defenders from threats and violence.  She stated that this year, the number of incidents has risen markedly.

Hafez Abu Seada: Hafez Abu Seada is an Egyptian politician, human rights activist and the current Chairman of the Egyptian Organization for Human rights Egypt's oldest Human Rights NGO , most known for his campaigns against torture and police brutality in Egypt.  Abu Seada was born in 1965 in Cairo Egypt.  He took part in the student movement of the 1980s against president Mubarak's government and was detained several times due to his dissident activities.  After graduating from law school he worked as a human rights lawyer and got involved in Egyptian civil society.  Throughout his human rights career he held many posts including the presidency of the Egyptian Organization for human Rights.  He was also appointed in the mid 2000s in the government formed Egyptian National or Human Rights, and is a member of International Federation for Human Rights and was its envoy to the Arab league from 2004 to 2007.  Abu Seada took part in dozens of international human rights conferences, as well as attending the United Nations Human Rights council sessions in Geneva regularly representing the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights which has a consultative status with the UN that gives it the right to observe various UN sessions.  Abu Seada was a vocal supporter of Egypt's 2011 Revolution against the Mubarak regime, and took part in the street protests that ousted Egypt's longtime dictator, Abu Seada also harshly opposed the Muslim Brotherhood's regime and took part in the June 2013 uprising that ultimately led to the deposing of president Morsi on July 3, 2013.  Abu Seada ran in Egypt's 2015 parliamentary elections, he nominated himself in the Maadi electoral district as a candidate of the conservative party.  He pledged that the preservation of human rights and freedom of expression will be on the top of his legislative agenda if elected.  Abu Seada's strongest opponents in the elections were Hussein Megawer a leading figure of Mubarak's defunct National Democratic Party and a former member of parliament, and Gamal El Sherif a well known lawyer.  Abu Seada came in third in the polls, losing in the first round, while El Sherif defeated Megawer in the runoffs by a landslide.  Abu Seada attained a PHD in international law from Alexandria University in 2017, and remains one of the vocal defenders of human rights in Egypt despite a massive government crackdown on civil society.

Supporting paragraphs: Ella Polyakova Vladimir Putin
Answer: Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin