Question: During which Chinese dynasty did this Chinese general, statesman and warlord had great influence, who was suspected of spreading rumours about infant-kidnapping by westerners in the late 19th century Korea?

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Ennis Friary: Ennis Friary (colloquially also known as Ennis Abbey) was a Franciscan friary in the town of Ennis, County Clare, Ireland.  It was established in the middle of the 13th century by the ruling O'Brien dynasty who supported it for most of its existence.  Following the suppression of the monasteries in the 16th century, the friary continued to function for a while despite the loss of its lands.  In the early 17th century, the buildings were handed over to the Church of Ireland as a place of worship.  It was used as such until the late 19th century.  After the construction of a new Church of Ireland building, the friary fell into ruin.  Managed by the Office of Public Works since the late 19th century, it was formally returned to the Franciscan Order in 1969.

Tibet under Qing rule: Tibet under Qing rule refers to the Qing dynasty's rule over Tibet from 1720 to 1912.  During the Qing rule of Tibet, the region was structurally, militarily and administratively controlled by the Qing dynasty established by the Manchus in China.  In the history of Tibet, Qing administrative rule was established after a Qing army defeated the Dzungars who occupied Tibet in 1720, and lasted until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, although the region retained a degree of political autonomy under the Dalai Lamas.  The Qing emperors appointed imperial residents known as the Ambans to Tibet, who commanded over 2,000 troops stationed in Lhasa and reported to the Lifan Yuan, a Qing government agency that oversaw the empire's frontier regions.  The protectorate that China had established over Tibet in the 18th century remained into the 20th century, but by the late 19th century Chinese hegemony over Tibet remained in theory but in actuality was a dead letter given the weight of China's domestic and foreign-relations burdens.  However, the Chinese began to take steps to reassert their authority shortly after the British expedition to Tibet.

Beiyang Army: The Beiyang Army (Pei-yang Army; ) was a powerful, Western-style Imperial Chinese Army established by the Qing Dynasty government in the late 19th century.  It was the centerpiece of a general reconstruction of Qing China's military system.  The Beiyang Army played a major role in Chinese politics for at least three decades and arguably right up to 1949.  It made the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 possible, and, by dividing into warlord factions known as the Beiyang Clique (Pei-yang Clique; ), ushered in a period of regional division.

Anarchism in China: Anarchism in China was a strong, perhaps predominant, intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in early 20th century China, insisting that the overthrow of the Qing dynasty was not sufficient, but that a true revolution had to overthrow traditional culture and social practices.  The late 19th and early 20th Nihilist movement and anarchist communism in Russia, which borders China, were major source of anarchist influence.  The use of assassination as a tool was promoted by groups like the Chinese Assassination Corps, similar to the widespread use of suicidal terror attacks by Russian anti-czarist groups.  Chinese students in Japan and France eagerly sought out anarchist doctrines to first understand their home country and then to change it.  These groups relied on education, especially Work-Study Programs, to create a new culture in which strong government would not be needed.  By the 1920s, however, the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party offered programs of organizational strength and political change which drew support away from anarchists.

Shanghai School (painting): The Shanghai School () is a style of Chinese art present in the late 19th century and centered in Shanghai.  Late 19th century China, or the last years of the Qing dynasty formed a tumultuous time in China's history.  This period immediately followed the defeat of China in the First Opium War by the British Empire and opened several ports, such as Shanghai, to foreign trade.  This period was further destabilized by the Taiping Rebellion and the unequal treaties signed with European imperial powers.  Shanghai, as an open city, became a sort of Asian melting pot where the various European powers could freely express their influence on the city.  In turn, this influence gave rise to a new middle class which supported a new style of art known as the Shanghai school.

George William Nicol: George William Nicol (1810-1884) was the first African Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone and was one of few African senior level colonial officials in Freetown during the 19th century.  Nicol belonged to the mulatto Settler class that exerted great influence in Freetown during the 19th century.

Chuang Guandong: Chuang Guandong (, literally "Crashing into Guandong" with "Guandong" being an older name for Manchuria), is descriptive of the rush into Manchuria of the Han Chinese population, especially from the Shandong Peninsula and Zhili, during the hundred-year period starting at the last half of the 19th century.  Previously, this region was outside China proper, but was sometimes under direct control and/or indirect influence, of the ruling Chinese dynasty.  During the first two centuries of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, this part of China, the traditional homeland of the ruling Manchus, was, with few exceptions, closed to settlement by Han Chinese civilians, with only certain Manchu Bannermen, Mongol Bannermen, and Chinese Bannermen allowed in.  The region, now known as Northeast China, has an overwhelmingly Han population.

The Baby Riot of 1888: The Baby Riots of 1888 took place in the summer of 1888 in Joseon Korea.  Rumours circulated that foreigners in Seoul were kidnapping young Korean infants and children, gouging out their eyes for use as camera lenses, grinding their internal organs for use in medicine, and eating them.  These rumours implicated both the western powers that were present in Korea at the time, as well as the Japanese.  These riots saw Koreans gathering outside hospitals, schools and churches run by foreigners to rail against the 'baby-snatchers' inside.  Many in the foreign community were alarmed by the ferocity of the riots and made preparations to leave Korea, and diplomatic representatives of the foreign legations pressed the Joseon government to repudiate the rumours, which they did reluctantly.  While it was initially speculated that the Heungseon Daewongun instigated the incident in a manner similar to the Imo Incident, or the combination of Catholic zeal and local anti-Christian sentiment, many began to speculate that these rumours were deliberately spread by the order of Yuan Shikai, the ambassador and representative of the suzerain Qing dynasty in China, either to scare off foreign investment in Korea or provoke a military intervention.  For his part, Yuan emphatically denied this to his superior, Li Hongzhang.

Daehanjiji: Daehanjiji (Korean: 대한지지 ; Hanja: 大韓地誌) is a Korean geography book about the Great Korean Empire, written by Hyeun Chae (Korean: 현채 ; Hanja: 玄采) and published by Gwangmun-sa (Korean: 광문사 ; Hanja: 廣文社), Seoul.  Hyeun Chae wrote "Daehanjiji," a two-volume set of Korean elementary school geography books, in 1899 translating and compiling Japanese and Korean sources.  The titles, authors, and chronologies of source material for the compilation are not always stated, yet Gomatsu Susumu(小松運)'s Chōsenhachidō-shi(朝鮮八道誌; Joseon Paldo-ji, 1887) and Matsumoto Nikichi(Kendo)(松本仁吉; a.k.a. 謙堂)'s Chōsenchishi Yoryaku (朝鮮地誌要略; Joseon Jiji Yoryak, 1894) and their styles are suspected as primary sources and models of emulation.  The author states in the postface that he employed several Japanese geographies on Korea, and that he supplemented these with the historical sections from Shinjeung Dongguk Yeojiseungram.  Daehanjiji was published in 1899 and reprinted in 1901.  It gave a summary description of late 19th century Korean geography with greater emphasis on physical geography.  The written language conformed to the then innovative Gukhanmun Honyongche, one combining han'geul and hanja, and was popular for the relative ease of deciphering.  As the first western style geography textbook published in late Joseon dynasty, it contributed to the Gaehwa movement, the opening up to enlightenment for the Korean masses and raising awareness and unity as a nation by inviting commoners to learn everything they could about the Korean Empire and its landscape, namely the Korean Peninsula at late 19th century.  It was foreworded by Lee Gyu-hwan (Korean: 이규환 ; Hanja: 李圭桓), Director of Editorial Office, Ministry of Education.  Daehanjiji was employed in the school system, but was banned, confiscated, and burned by Protectorate General by Notice No. 72 of Nov. 19, 1910.

Yuan Shikai: Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese general, statesman and warlord, famous for his influence during the late Qing dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor, his autocratic rule as the first formal President of the Republic of China, and his short-lived attempt to restore monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor ().

Supporting paragraphs: The Baby Riot of 1888 Yuan Shikai
Answer: Qing dynasty