Question: Which city has a larger population, Yangzhou or Chengdu?

Context paragraphs:
Shia Muslims in the Arab world: Islam is historically divided into two major sects, Sunni and Shia Islam, each with its own sub-sects.  Large numbers of Shia Arab Muslims live in some Arab countries including Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, the UAE, and Qatar.  Shia Muslims are a numerical majority in Iraq and Bahrain.  Approximately half of the population in Yemen are Shia Muslims.  Exactly half of Muslims in Lebanon are Shia Muslims.  There is also a very large population of Shia Muslims living in the Arab Persian Gulf countries especially in Saudi Arabia.  Approximately the whole population of East Saudi Arabia, the Eastern Province are Shia Muslims.  Although government statistics claim that roughly only 20-40% of the Muslim population are Shia Muslims, there has been dispute to the authenticity of this figure and recent reports and investigations indicate that there is in fact a much larger population of Shia Muslims present, with estimate figures over 45% or even making the majority of Muslim population.  Saudi Arabia follows a strict recently established sect of Islam, Wahhabism, there is little freedom of religion between the different sects even whilst all of the population are Muslims.  Smaller Shia groups are present in Egypt and Jordan.  Despite the heavy presence of Shia Muslims in some Arab countries, particularly among the population of the Persian Gulf Arab countries, they have been treated poorly throughout history.  Additionally, in recent times, Shia Muslims along with Kurds have faced genocide by the pan-Arabist regime of Saddam Hussein.  For both historical and political reasons, the Shia have fared rather poorly in much of the Arab world, and the topic of Shi‘ism and Shia groups is one of the most sensitive issues for the Sunni elite.  This article discusses both the history of Shī‘a Islam in the Arab world from the dawn of Islam and their current situation in the Arabic-speaking world.

City of Brisbane: The City of Brisbane is a local government area that has jurisdiction over the inner portion of the metropolitan area of Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, Australia.  Brisbane is located in the county of Stanley and is the largest city followed by Ipswich with bounds in part of the county.  Unlike LGAs in the other mainland state capitals (Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Adelaide), which are generally responsible only for the central business districts and inner neighbourhoods of those cities, the City of Brisbane administers a significant portion of the Brisbane metropolitan area, serving almost half of the population of the Brisbane Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA, formerly statistical division).  As such, it has a larger population than any other local government area in Australia.  The City of Brisbane was the first Australian LGA to reach a population of more than one million.  Its population is roughly equivalent to the populations of Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory combined.  In 2016-2017, the council administers a budget of over $3 billion.

Founder effect: In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.  It was first fully outlined by Ernst Mayr in 1942, using existing theoretical work by those such as Sewall Wright.  As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it is derived.  In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to the speciation and subsequent evolution of new species.

Chengdu: Chengdu ( ), formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which has served as capital of China's Sichuan province.  It is one of the three most populous cities in Western China (the other two are Chongqing and Xi'an).  s of 2014 , the administrative area houses 14,427,500 inhabitants, with an urban population of 10,152,632.  At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the 5th-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City.

Riverview, New Brunswick: Riverview is a Canadian town in Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada.  Riverview is located on the south side of the Petitcodiac River, across from the larger cities of Moncton and Dieppe.  Riverview has an area of 34 km2 , and a population density of 564.6 PD/km2 .  Riverview's slogan is "A Great Place To Grow".  With a population of 19,667, Riverview is the fifth largest municipality in New Brunswick, having a larger population than the cities of Edmundston, Bathurst, Campbellton, and Miramichi, despite its designation of "town".

Walpole (CDP), Massachusetts: Walpole is a small census-designated place (CDP) located within the much larger town (21 square miles in size) of Walpole in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States.  Walpole Town as it is called by the US Census Bureau, also includes a much larger population (24,070 in 2010).  The population of the Census Designated Place was 5,918 at the 2010 census.

Elkhart, Indiana: Elkhart is a city in Elkhart County, Indiana, United States.  The city is located 15 mi east of South Bend, Indiana, 110 mi east of Chicago, Illinois, and 150 mi north of Indianapolis, Indiana.  Elkhart has the larger population of the two principal cities of the Elkhart-Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area, in a region commonly known as Michiana.  The population was 50,949 at the 2010 census.  Despite the shared name, it is not the county seat of Elkhart County; that position is held by the city of Goshen, located about 10 mi southeast of Elkhart.

Statistical inference: Statistical inference is the process of deducing properties of an underlying probability distribution by analysis of data.  Inferential statistical analysis infers properties about a population: this includes testing hypotheses and deriving estimates.  The population is assumed to be larger than the observed data set; in other words, the observed data is assumed to be sampled from a larger population.

Câmara de Lobos: Câmara de Lobos (] ; literally, Portuguese: "chamber of the sealions" ) is a municipality, parish and town in the south-central coast of the island of Madeira.  Technically a suburb of the much larger capital city of Funchal, it is one of the larger population centres and an extension of the Funchal economy.

Yangzhou: Yangzhou, formerly romanized as Yangchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China.  Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south.  Its population was 4,414,681 at the 2010 census and its urban area is home to 2,146,980 inhabitants, including three urban districts, currently in the agglomeration.

Supporting paragraphs: Yangzhou Chengdu
Answer: Chengdu