Question: Carborundum printmaking is a collagraph printmaking technique in which the image is created by adding light passages to a dark field, normally, cardboard or wood plates are coated in a layer of Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum, is a compound of silicon and carbon, synthetic silicon carbide powder has been mass-produced since which year?

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Silicon carbide: Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum , is a compound of silicon and carbon with chemical formula SiC.  It occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite.  Synthetic silicon carbide powder has been mass-produced since 1893 for use as an abrasive.  Grains of silicon carbide can be bonded together by sintering to form very hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes, car clutches and ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. Electronic applications of silicon carbide such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors in early radios were first demonstrated around 1907.  SiC is used in semiconductor electronics devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both.  Large single crystals of silicon carbide can be grown by the Lely method; they can be cut into gems known as synthetic moissanite.  Silicon carbide with high surface area can be produced from SiO contained in plant material.

Carborundum printmaking: Carborundum printmaking is a collagraph printmaking technique in which the image is created by adding light passages to a dark field.  It is a relatively new process invented in the US during the 1930s that allows artists to work on a large scale.  Normally, cardboard or wood plates are coated in a layer of carborundum or screen, and the lights are created by filling in the texture with screen filler or glue.  Carborundum prints may be printed as intaglio plates.

Cree Inc.: Cree, Inc. is an American worldwide manufacturer and marketer of lighting-class LEDs, lighting products and products for power and radio frequency (RF) applications.  Most of its products are based on silicon carbide (SiC), a rare, naturally occurring mineral compound which early Cree researchers successfully synthesized in a laboratory.  SiC enables higher performance in applications which require high endurance and in semiconductor devices that operate at high temperatures or high voltages, or both.  With the establishment of a reliable source for high-quality SiC, the firm expanded into several market segments with products that provided significantly higher performance and efficiency.  Cree's product families include LED lighting systems and bulbs, blue and green LED chips, high-brightness LEDs, lighting-class power LEDs, and a portfolio of SiC-based and wide bandgap SiC-on-GaN (gallium nitride) power-switching and RF (radio frequency) devices.

Lapping film: Lapping film in the telecommunications market is a precision coated abrasive consumable mainly used for processing and polishing optical fiber connectors.  A Lapping film is typically a polyester base sheet, coated with precisely graded minerals such as diamond, aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, cerium oxide.  A Lapping film is designed to provide a uniform, consistent finish of optical fiber connectors end tips to ensure efficient light/signal transmission.  They are available in 0.01-45 μm grades, with or without pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) backing.

SiC/SiC Matrix Composite: SiC/SiC matrix composite is a particular type of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) which have been accumulating interest mainly as high temperature materials for use in applications such as gas turbines, as an alternative to metallic alloys. CMCs are generally a system of materials that are made up of ceramic fibers or particles that lie in a ceramic matrix phase.  In this case, a SiC/SiC composite is made by having a SiC (silicon carbide) matrix phase and a fiber phase incorporated together by different processing methods.  Outstanding properties of SiC/SiC composites include high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability while also providing high strength to weight ratio.

Carbide: In chemistry, a carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element.  Carbides can be generally classified by the chemical bonds type as follows: (i) salt-like, (ii) covalent compounds, (iii) interstitial compounds, and (iv) "intermediate" transition metal carbides.  Examples include calcium carbide (CaC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC) (often called simply carbide when referring to machine tooling), and cementite (FeC), each used in key industrial applications.  The naming of ionic carbides is not systematic.

Reaction bonded silicon carbide: Reaction bonded silicon carbide, also known as siliconized silicon carbide or SiSiC, is a type of silicon carbide that is manufactured by a chemical reaction between porous carbon or graphite with molten silicon.  Due to the left over traces of silicon, reaction bonded silicon carbide is often referred to as siliconized silicon carbide, or its abbreviation SiSiC.

Polymorphs of silicon carbide: Many compound materials exhibit polymorphism, that is they can exist in different structures called polymorphs.  Silicon carbide (SiC) is unique in this regard as more than 250 polymorphs of silicon carbide had been identified by 2006, with some of them having a lattice constant as long as 301.5 nm, about one thousand times the usual SiC lattice spacings.

Ceramography: Ceramography is the art and science of preparation, examination and evaluation of ceramic microstructures. Ceramography can be thought of as the metallography of ceramics.  The microstructure is the structure level of approximately 0.1 to 100 µm, between the minimum wavelength of visible light and the resolution limit of the naked eye.  The microstructure includes most grains, secondary phases, grain boundaries, pores, micro-cracks and hardness microindentions.  Most bulk mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties are significantly affected by the microstructure.  The fabrication method and process conditions are generally indicated by the microstructure.  The root cause of many ceramic failures is evident in the microstructure.  Ceramography is part of the broader field of materialography, which includes all the microscopic techniques of material analysis, such as metallography, petrography and plastography.  Ceramography is usually reserved for high-performance ceramics for industrial applications, such as 85–99.9% alumina (AlO) in Fig. 1, zirconia (ZrO), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (SiN), and ceramic-matrix composites.  It is seldom used on whiteware ceramics such as sanitaryware, wall tiles and dishware.

Printmaking: Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper.  Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting.  Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print.  Each print produced is not considered a "copy" but rather is considered an "original".  This is because typically each print varies to an extent due to variables intrinsic to the printmaking process, and also because the imagery of a print is typically not simply a reproduction of another work but rather is often a unique image designed from the start to be expressed in a particular printmaking technique.  A print may be known as an impression.  Printmaking (other than monotyping) is not chosen only for its ability to produce multiple impressions, but rather for the unique qualities that each of the printmaking processes lends itself to.

Supporting paragraphs: Carborundum printmaking Silicon carbide
Answer: 1893