Question: Clarence Saunders developed an American supermarket chain whose first outlet opened in what year?

Context paragraphs:
Charles Crouch: Charles Crouch, merchandising executive, was born in Augusta, Georgia, Sept. 15, 1898, son of Joseph William and Lily (Strom) Crouch.  In 1932, he purchased six of the former Clarence Saunders stores in the San Francisco peninsula area and founded Peninsula Stores (later Lucky Stores, Inc.), of which he became the first president.  When he retired from the presidency of Lucky Stores in 1947 there were thirty-three stores in the chain with an annual gross of $30,000,000.  At the openings of his various stores Crouch used such devices as simulated carnivals, also hiring popular jazz bands to attract customers.  He engaged Raymond Loewy Associates of New York City to design what was considered to be a new type of supermarket, employing color psychology to attract customers and providing each customer with a lightweight aluminum shopping cart on which was mounted a printed directory to all merchandise in the store.  In 1949 Crouch was named man of the year in the merchandising field by Operations, Inc., a national research and sales organization serving large chain stores, manufacturers, and wholesale grocers.  Charles Crouch was considered to be one of the primary forces behind the development of the modern supermarket.

Super Epsa: Super Epsa is the former name of a supermarket chain in Lima, Peru, which was founded in 1953 by ALDO E OLCESE as Super Market S.A.  The importance of this Supermarket chain lies in that it was the first occurrence of an American-style supermarket in Perú.  Aldo Olcese was born in Lima on December 29, 1922.  His father was a hard working Italian-Genoese immigrant.  Aldo went to the United States in 1946 to study Business Administration at the University of Texas at Austin and he graduated in 1950.  During his lifetime, as a student in the United States, he was impressed with one Super Market close to his residence where he frequently shopped together with his wife, and since then he thought it would be a great idea to carry out the same kind of self-service Super Market in Perú.  In 1953, and for the first time in the Peruvian History, the first supermarket was officially opened in Av Larco 670, Miraflores, with great success.  After 20 years in the Super Market business, the company opened a total of 14 supermarkets scattered throughout the Peruvian capital.  Therefore, we can consider without any doubt, that Aldo E Olcese, was the pioneer or first person that brought the first self-service Super Market to Perú in 1953.  His great-grandson, Carlo Olcese, is former Eminent Archon

Masoutis: Masoutis (Greek: "Μασούτης") is a supermarket chain in Greece.  Its headquarters are located in Thessaloniki.  The company was established in 1976 by Diamantis Masoutis - who still owns the company - and the first Masoutis supermarket opened its doors the same year in Thessaloniki city center.  Masoutis is by far the biggest regional grocery retail chain in Greece.  Actually, Masoutis is the seventh largest supermarket chain in Greece in terms of market share.  As of 2010, the company has a total of 193 retail stores and 17 cash & carry.  All of them are located in Northern Greece and Northeastern Aegean.  The company currently has no plans of expanding into either Southern Greece or the Greek islands.

Great Wall Supermarket: GW Supermarket is a specialized Asian American supermarket chain in the U.S., established in New York City in 2004.  The chain caters to Asian immigrants, offering Asian products in a Western supermarket-style retail operation.  The President, CEO and founder is Lihui Zhang.  Great Wall supermarket has 10 stores across the east coast, and it has average approx 30,000-50,000 sf shopping space that be able to carry wide section meat, seafood, grocery and fresh produces.  Wide variety of merchandise that allows shoppers to complete grocery shopping under one roof.In March 2016, Great Wall Supermarket e-commerce site was Established.

Tiba Outlet Mall: Tiba Outlet Mall is the first outlet mall built in Egypt as part of Nasr City in Cairo.  Was opened in 2011.  The 30850 square-foot outlet mall contains more than 34 retail outlets, an amusement park, dining & entertainment and a cinema along with an underground parking garage capable of holding 107 vehicles and Carrefour supermarket.

Hong Kong Supermarket: Hong Kong Supermarket is a Asian American supermarket chain started in the San Gabriel Valley region of Southern California.  It operates mainly in the newer suburban overseas Chinese communities, particularly in the Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and New York City areas.  Hong Kong Supermarket specializes mainly in imported Asian groceries.  Many items are from China, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Clarence Saunders (grocer): Clarence Saunders (August 9, 1881 – September 23, 1953) was an American grocer who first developed the modern retail sales model of self service.  His ideas have had a massive influence on the development of the modern supermarket.  Clarence Saunders worked for most of his life trying to develop a truly automated store, developing Piggly Wiggly, Keedoozle, and Foodelectric store concepts.

Harris Teeter: Harris Teeter Supermarkets, Inc. is an American supermarket chain based in Matthews, North Carolina, just outside Charlotte.  s of 2017 , the chain operates 243 stores in seven states: North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Delaware, Maryland and the District of Columbia.  "Supermarket News" ranked Harris Teeter No. 34 in the 2012 "Top 75 Retailers & Wholesalers" based on 2011 fiscal year sales of $4.3 billion.

Piggly Wiggly: Piggly Wiggly is an American supermarket chain operating in the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States, run by Piggly Wiggly, LLC, an affiliate of C&S Wholesale Grocers.  Its first outlet opened in 1916 in Memphis, Tennessee, and is notable for having been the first true self-service grocery store, and the originator of various familiar supermarket features such as checkout stands, individual item price marking and shopping carts.  The current company headquarters is in Keene, New Hampshire.  Currently, more than 600 independently owned Piggly Wiggly stores operate in 17 states, primarily in smaller cities and towns.

Keedoozle: Keedoozle was the first fully automated grocery store in the United States, a vending machine concept developed by grocer Clarence Saunders in 1937.  It is often held that the name "Keedoozle" was coined by Saunders to refer to the technology used, in which a ""Key Does All"" for the grocery shopper, but another interview with Saunders appears to contradict this.

Supporting paragraphs: Clarence Saunders (grocer) Piggly Wiggly
Answer: 1916