Question: What technique involving the ability to avoid unnecessary muscular tension by retraining physical movement reactions was taught by Nelly Ben-Or?

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Keith Fagnou: Keith Fagnou (June 27, 1971 – November 11, 2009) was a Canadian organic chemist and associate professor of organic chemistry at the University of Ottawa.  His research focused on developing new reactions that avoid unnecessary activation of substrates and that can instead directly functionalize C–H bonds of simple molecules and introduce C–C bonds.

Organic reaction: Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds.  The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions.  In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules.  The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

Aiki (martial arts principle): Aiki from a Japanese budo term, at its most basic is a principle that allows a conditioned practitioner to negate or redirect an opponent's power on contact.  When applied, the Aiki practitioner controls the actions of the attacker with minimal effort and with a distinct absence of muscular tension usually associated with physical effort.

Crab lining: Crab lining is a handlining technique used to catch crabs.  A piece of bait, normally the neck or leg of a chicken, is tied to one end with a weight in order to keep it from floating.  The line is then cast by hand to an area approximately five to ten feet from where it is being cast.  This is to ensure easy retrieval of the line and to avoid unnecessary time spent fighting currents, rocks, and other obstacles in the water.  Once a crab takes the bait, the line will tighten.  It is important to not tug at the line once a pull is noticed.  The line must be slowly retrieved, inch-by-inch, until the crab is visible in the water.  Upon visibility, a hand net may be used to capture the crab.

Anxiety: Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.  It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death.  Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of future threat.  Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.  It is often accompanied by muscular tension, restlessness, fatigue and problems in concentration.  Anxiety can be appropriate, but when experienced regularly the individual may suffer from an anxiety disorder.

Reflux: Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated.  It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations.  It is also used in chemistry to supply energy to reactions over a long period of time.

Rosen Method Bodywork: Rosen Method Bodywork (or Rosen Method) is a type of Complementary and alternative medicine.  This bodywork, described as "psycho-somatic", claims to help integrate one's bodily and emotional/mental experience while identifying unconscious patterns of muscular holding, feeling, and behavior.  The main theory underpinning this method is that a person protects themselves from past painful experiences through the body, separating one from one's true self.  This alleged protection is said to be experienced most frequently as chronic musculoskeletal pain and tension, and purportedly can be observed by the bodywork practitioners as restricted patterns of movement and posture, muscular tension, or shortness of breath.  Rosen Method Bodywork purports to integrate the body, mind, emotions and spirit; and unlock the unconscious.

Alexander Technique: The Alexander Technique (A.T.), named after Frederick Matthias Alexander, is an educational process that attempts to develop the ability to avoid unnecessary muscular tension by retraining physical movement reactions.  Alexander believed the individual's spatial self-awareness was related to psychological conditioning; questionably trained foundation habits of posture can be unsuitably added into procedural skills.  Alexander observed that those whose goals justified it necessary to have trained themselves to overcompensate could not trust their judgment of physical orientation and required effort, (their "sensory appreciation.") .

Nelly Ben-Or: Nelly Nechama Ben-Or, also known as Nelly Ben-Or Clynes, was born in 1933 in Lwow in Poland.  She is an international concert pianist and a Professor at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where she has taught the piano and the Alexander Technique since 1975.  She is also a Holocaust survivor.

Voice activity detection: Voice activity detection (VAD), also known as speech activity detection or speech detection, is a technique used in speech processing in which the presence or absence of human speech is detected.  The main uses of VAD are in speech coding and speech recognition.  It can facilitate speech processing, and can also be used to deactivate some processes during non-speech section of an audio session: it can avoid unnecessary coding/transmission of silence packets in Voice over Internet Protocol applications, saving on computation and on network bandwidth.

Supporting paragraphs: Nelly Ben-Or Alexander Technique
Answer: Alexander Technique