Question: How many state senators are in the legislature that Lawrence Gates has been able to make gains in for the Democrats during his tenure?

Context paragraphs:
Kansas Legislature: The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas.  It is a bicameral assembly, composed of the lower Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 state representatives, and the upper Kansas Senate, with 40 state senators.

Members of the Australian Senate, 1993–1996: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1993 to 1996.  Half of the state senators had been elected at the March 1990 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1996; the other half of the state senators were elected at the March 1993 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 1999.  The territory senators were elected at the March 1993 election and their terms ended at the dissolution of the House of Representatives, which was March 1996.

Lawrence Gates: Lawrence Gates is the current Chair of the Kansas Democratic Party.  During his tenure the Democrats have been able to win top offices and make gains in the Kansas Legislature by appealing to moderate Republican and independent voters.

California State Senate: The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature.  Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Senate has the largest population per representative ratio of any state legislative house.  In the United States House of Representatives, California is apportioned 53 representatives, each representing approximately 704,566 people, while in the State Senate, each of the 40 Senators represents approximately 931,349 people, with the result that California state senators each actually represent more voters than California's representatives to the United States Congress do.  Each member roughly represents a population equivalent to the state of Delaware.  As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms.

Wisconsin Senate recall elections, 2012: Recall elections for four Wisconsin state senators were held during the spring of 2012.  Voters put four state senators up for recall, all Republicans, because of the budget repair bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker and circumstances surrounding it.  Democrats targeted Republicans for voting to significantly limit public employee collective bargaining.  Scholars could cite only four times in American history when more than one state legislator has been recalled at roughly the same time over the same issue.  The recall elections occurred on June 5, with May 8 being the date of the primary election.

Members of the Australian Senate, 2014–2016: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate between July 2014 and May 2016.  Half of the state senators had been elected at the August 2010 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2017; the other half of the state senators were elected at the September 2013 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2020.  The territory senators were elected at the September 2013 election and their terms ended at the dissolution of the House of Representatives, which was May 2016.  The new Senate first met in July 2014, with state senators elected in 2013 sworn in on 7 July 2014.  Ascertaining the chamber's final composition was complicated by the loss of 1,375 ballot papers in Western Australia, leading to the Court of Disputed Returns voiding the result there, and necessitating a special Senate election in Western Australia (held on 5 April 2014).

Arkansas Senate: The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly.  The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people.  Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year.  The 35-member Senate consists of twenty-four Republicans and eleven Democrats.

Wisconsin Senate recall elections, 2011: Recall elections for nine Wisconsin state senators were held during the summer of 2011; one was held on July 19, and six on August 9, with two more held on August 16.  Voters attempted to put 16 state senators up for recall, eight Democrats and eight Republicans, because of the budget bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker and circumstances surrounding it.  Republicans targeted Democrats for leaving the state for three weeks to prevent the bill from receiving a vote, while Democrats targeted Republicans for voting to significantly limit public employee collective bargaining.  Scholars could cite only three times in American history when more than one state legislator has been recalled at roughly the same time over the same issue.

Members of the Australian Senate, 2005–2008: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2008.  Half of the state senators had been elected at the November 2001 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2008; the other half of the state senators were elected at the October 2004 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2011.  The territory senators were elected at the October 2004 election and their terms ended at the dissolution of the House of Representatives, which was November 2007.  The new Senate first met in August 2005, with state senators elected in 2004 sworn in on 9 August 2005.

Members of the Australian Senate, 2008–2011: This is a list of members of the Australian Senate between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2011.  Half of the state senators had been elected at the November 2007 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2014; the other half of the state senators were elected at the October 2004 election and had terms due to finish on 30 June 2011.  The territory senators were elected at the November 2007 election and their terms ended at the dissolution of the House of Representatives, which was August 2010.  The new Senate first met in August 2008, with state senators elected in 2007 sworn in on 26 August 2008.

Supporting paragraphs: Lawrence Gates Kansas Legislature
Answer: 40