Question: The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's "Astronomia nova", a book, published in 1609, that contains the results of the astronomer Johannes Kepler's ten-year-long investigation of the motion of what?

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Kepler (Martian crater): Kepler is a crater on Mars, located in the Eridania quadrangle at 46.8° S, 140.9° E.  It measures approximately 228 km and was named in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union, in honor of the astronomer Johannes Kepler.  A section of the floor of Kepler was photographed by the HiRISE camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on 25 March 2006.

Astronomia nova: Astronomia nova (English: "New Astronomy", full title in original Latin: ) is a book, published in 1609, that contains the results of the astronomer Johannes Kepler's ten-year-long investigation of the motion of Mars.  One of the most significant books in the history of astronomy, the "Astronomia nova" provided strong arguments for heliocentrism and contributed valuable insight into the movement of the planets.  This included the first mention of the planets' elliptical paths and the change of their movement to the movement of free floating bodies as opposed to objects on rotating spheres.  It is recognized as one of the most important works of the scientific revolution.

Galileo (1968 film): Galileo (also known as "Galileo Galilei") is a 1968 Italian-Bulgarian biographical drama film directed by Liliana Cavani.  It depicts the life of Galileo Galilei and particularly his clash with the Catholic Church regarding the interpretation of his astronomical observations with the newly invented telescope.

Lamp At Midnight: Lamp At Midnight is a play that was written by Barrie Stavis, and first produced in 1947 at New Stages, New York.  The play treats the 17th Century Galileo affair, which was a profound conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and Galileo Galilei over the interpretation of his astronomical observations using the newly invented telescope.  By coincidence, Bertolt Brecht's play on the same theme, "Galileo", opened in New York just a few weeks before "Lamp at Midnight".  Some critics now consider "Galileo" to be a masterpiece, but in 1947 the "New York Times" reviewer, Brooks Atkinson, preferred "Lamp at Midnight".

The Man in the Moone: The Man in the Moone is a book by the English divine and Church of England bishop Francis Godwin (1562–1633), describing a "voyage of utopian discovery".  Long considered to be one of his early works, it is now generally thought to have been written in the late 1620s.  It was first published posthumously in 1638 under the pseudonym of Domingo Gonsales.  The work is notable for its role in what was called the "new astronomy", the branch of astronomy influenced especially by Nicolaus Copernicus.  Although Copernicus is the only astronomer mentioned by name, the book also draws on the theories of Johannes Kepler and William Gilbert.  Godwin's astronomical theories were greatly influenced by Galileo Galilei's "Sidereus Nuncius" (1610), but unlike Galileo, Godwin proposes that the dark spots on the Moon are seas, one of many parallels with Kepler's "Somnium sive opus posthumum de astronomia lunari" of 1634.

Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni: Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni (1586–1654) – military engineer specializing in erecting fortifications (authored "Trattato delle fortificazioni moderne"), architect, mathematician and astronomer who gained particular fame in his day as also as author of horoscopes. Just the same he was a practicing astronomer and a contemporary and a friend of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) while both spent time in Prague.  Earlier he became friendly with the astronomer, mathematician and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) – like Pieroni, Galileo also wrote on constructing fortifications, and the two shared interest in mathematics and astronomy.

Galileo National Telescope: The Galileo National Telescope, (Italian: Telescopio Nazionale Galileo ; TNG; code: Z19) is a 3.58-meter Italian telescope, located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain.  The TNG is operated by the "Fundación Galileo Galilei, Fundación Canaria", a non-profit institution, on behalf of the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF).  The telescope saw first light in 1998 and is named after the Italian Renaissance astronomer Galileo Galilei.

Mysterium Cosmographicum: Mysterium Cosmographicum (lit.  The Cosmographic Mystery, alternately translated "Cosmic Mystery", "The Secret of the World" or some variation) is an astronomy book by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler, published at Tübingen in 1596 and in a second edition in 1621.  The full title being "Forerunner of the Cosmological Essays, Which Contains the Secret of the Universe; on the Marvelous Proportion of the Celestial Spheres, and on the True and Particular Causes of the Number, Magnitude, and Periodic Motions of the Heavens; Established by Means of the Five Regular Geometric Solids" (Latin: "Prodromus dissertationum cosmographicarum, continens mysterium cosmographicum, de admirabili proportione orbium coelestium, de que causis coelorum numeri, magnitudinis, motuumque periodicorum genuinis & proprijs, demonstratum, per quinque regularia corpora geometrica").  Kepler proposed that the distance relationships between the six planets known at that time could be understood in terms of the five Platonic solids, enclosed within a sphere that represented the orbit of Saturn.

International Year of Astronomy: The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's "Astronomia nova" in the 17th century.  The Year was declared by the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations.  A global scheme, laid out by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), was also endorsed by UNESCO, the UN body responsible for educational, scientific, and cultural matters.

Johannes Kepler ATV: The "Johannes Kepler" ATV, or Automated Transfer Vehicle 002 (ATV-002), was an unmanned cargo spacecraft built to resupply the International Space Station (ISS).  It was launched on 16 February 2011 by the European Space Agency (ESA).  "Johannes Kepler" carried propellant, air and dry cargo weighing over 7000 kg , and had a total mass of over 20000 kg , making it, at the time, the heaviest payload launched by the ESA.  The spacecraft was named after the 17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler.

Supporting paragraphs: International Year of Astronomy Astronomia nova
Answer: Mars