Question: Did Henderson v. United States and Browder v. Gayle both discuss segregation and segregation laws?

Context paragraphs:
Southern Manifesto: The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places.  The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Southern Democrats and two Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.  The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling "Brown v. Board of Education", which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional.  School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and border states at the time.

E. D. Nixon: Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987), known as E. D. Nixon, was an African-American civil rights leader and union organizer in Alabama who played a crucial role in organizing the landmark Montgomery Bus Boycott there in 1955.  The boycott highlighted the issues of segregation in the South, was upheld for more than a year by black residents, and nearly brought the city-owned bus system to bankruptcy.  It ended in December 1956, after the United States Supreme Court ruled in the related case, "Browder v. Gayle" (1956), that the local and state laws were unconstitutional, and ordered the state to end bus segregation.

Anti-miscegenation laws: Anti-miscegenation laws or miscegenation laws were laws that enforced racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes also sex between members of different races.  Such laws were first introduced in North America from the late seventeenth century onwards by several of the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently by many US states and US territories and remained in force in many US states until 1967.  After the Second World War, an increasing number of states repealed their anti-miscegenation laws.  In 1967, in "Loving v. Virginia", the remaining anti-miscegenation laws were held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States.  Similar laws were also enforced in Nazi Germany as part of the Nuremberg laws, and in South Africa as part of the system of Apartheid.

Browder v. Gayle: Browder v. Gayle, 142 F. Supp.  707 (1956), was a case heard before a three-judge panel of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama on Montgomery and Alabama state bus segregation laws.  The panel consisted of Middle District of Alabama Judge Frank Minis Johnson, Northern District of Alabama Judge Seybourn Harris Lynne, and Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Richard Rives.  On June 5, 1956, the District Court ruled 2-1, with Lynne dissenting, that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatment.

Brown v. Board of Education: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.  The decision overturned the "Plessy v. Ferguson" decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education.  Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."  As a result, "de jure" racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.  This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases.  However, the decision's fourteen pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in "Brown II", 349 U.S. 294 (1955) only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed".

Jim Crow laws: Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.  Enacted by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued to be enforced until 1965.  They mandated "de jure" racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America, starting in 1896 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans in railroad cars.  Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War.  This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation, including segregated cars on interstate trains and, later, buses.  Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans; sometimes they did not exist at all.  This body of law institutionalized a number of economic, educational, and social disadvantages.  "De jure" segregation existed mainly in the Southern states, while Northern segregation was generally "de facto"—patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory labor union practices.  "Jim Crow" was a pejorative expression meaning "Negro".

Henderson v. United States (1950): Henderson v. United States, 339 U.S. 816 (1950) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States that abolished segregation in railroad dining cars.

Montgomery bus boycott: The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.  The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, "Browder v. Gayle", took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional.  Many important figures in the Civil Rights Movement took part in the boycott, including Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy.

Tallahassee bus boycott: The Tallahassee Bus Boycott was a citywide boycott in Tallahassee, Florida that sought to end racial segregation in the employment and seating arrangements of city buses.  On May 26, 1956, Wilhemina Jakes and Carrie Patterson, two Florida A&M University students, were arrested by the Tallahassee Police Department for behavior that would "incite a riot".  Robert Saunders, representing the NAACP, and Rev. C. K. Steele began talks with city authorities while the local African-American community started boycotting the city's buses.  The Inter-Civic Council ended the boycott on December 22, 1956.  On January 7, 1957, the City Commission repealed the bus-franchise segregation clause because of the United State Supreme Court ruling "Browder v. Gayle" (1956).

Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver: Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, 413 U.S. 189 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case that claimed de facto segregation had affected a substantial part of the school system and therefore was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.  The entire district in Denver, Colorado must be desegregated.  In this case black and Hispanic parents filed suit against all Denver schools due to racial segregation.  The decision on this case, written by Justice William J. Brennan, was key in defining de facto segregation.  Brennan found that although there were no official laws supporting segregation in Denver, "the Board, through its actions over a period of years, intentionally created and maintained the segregated character of the core city schools."  The issue of "intent" would become a key factor in the Boston case.

Supporting paragraphs: Henderson v. United States (1950) Browder v. Gayle
Answer: yes