Question: Raman Research Institute began as an instituteowned by which Indian physicist form the Madras province?

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Subramanian Anantha Ramakrishna: Subramanian Anantha Ramakrishna (born 30 November 1972) is a Professor of Physics in Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur specializing in optics and condensed matter physics.  He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, India's highest prize for excellence in science, mathematics and technology, in the physical sciences category in the year 2016.  Ramakrishna obtained M.Sc.  degree from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in 1995 after pursuing the integrated 5-year M.Sc.  programme and secured Ph.D. from Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, in 2001 for a thesis titled "Light transport and localization in Active and passive random media" written under the supervision of Prof. N. Kumar.  He spent two years in Imperial College, London, as a Post Doctoral researcher and joined Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur as an Assistant Professor in May 2003 where he now holds the position of Professor.

N. V. Madhusudana: Nelamangala Vedavyasachar Madhusudana (born 9 May 1944) is an Indian physicist and an emeritus scientist at Raman Research Institute.  Known for his research on liquid crystals, Madhusudhana is an elected fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences and Indian National Science Academy.  The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1989.

Rajaram Nityananda: Rajaram Nityananda (born 1948) is an Indian physicist who works on Astronomical Optics, Image Processing & Gravitational Dynamics.  He currently works as professor at Azim Premji University Bengaluru.  He was formerly the Director of the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics.  He also serves as an Associate Editor of the "Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy", published by the Indian Academy of Sciences.  He is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli.  He is currently serving as a faculty member at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune.  Previously he worked at Raman Research Institute from 1975 to 2000.

Raman spectroscopy: Raman spectroscopy ( ; named after Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.  Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman Research Institute: Raman Research Institute (RRI) is an institute of scientific research located in Bangalore, India.  It was founded by Nobel laureate C. V. Raman.  Although it began as an institute privately owned by Sir C. V. Raman, it is now funded by the government of India.

Gauribidanur Radio Observatory: The Gauribidanur Radio Observatory is a radio telescope observatory located at Gauribidanur, near Bengaluru.  It is operated jointly by Raman Research Institute and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.  The observatory has been in operation since 1976.

Raman Science Centre: The Raman Science Centre and Raman Planetarium Complex at Nagpur is an interactive science centre affiliated with Mumbai's Nehru Science Centre.  The centre was developed to promote a scientific attitude, portray the growth of science and technology and their applications in industry and human welfare, and hold science exhibits.  The centre is named after famous Nobel Prize winner Indian physicist Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman.

C. V. Raman: Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist born in the former Madras Province in India presently called as Tamil Nadu, who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.  He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength.  This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect.  In 1954, India honoured him with its highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

Venkatraman Radhakrishnan: Venkatraman Radhakrishnan (18 May 1929 – 3 March 2011) was a space scientist and member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.  He was Professor Emeritus of the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, India, where he had been Director from 1972 to 1994.

Narendra Kumar (physicist): Narendra Kumar (born February 1, 1940, died August 28, 2017) is an Indian theoretical physicist and a Homi Bhaba Distinguished Professor of the Department of Atomic Energy at Raman Research Institute.  He is also an honorary professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research.

Supporting paragraphs: Raman Research Institute C. V. Raman
Answer: Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman