Question: Underground Airlines is a 2016 novel by Ben Winters that contains the unsuccussful proposal introducted by which United States Senator?

Context paragraphs:
Liberty Hall (New Jersey): The Liberty Hall Museum in Union, Union County, New Jersey, United States, is an American historic site.  Built in 1772 as a fourteen-room Georgian-style house, Liberty Hall stands today a fifty-room Victorian Italianate mansion.  Liberty Hall has been home to many historical figures and was the home of William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey, who served from 1776 to 1790; United States Supreme Court Justice Henry Brockholst Livingston; the Kean political dynasty, including Susan Livingston Kean, widow of Continental Congress delegate John Kean, United States Senator and Congressman John Kean, and Captain John Kean, son of United States Senator Hamilton Fish Kean; and, in its first year of occupancy, future Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton.  Liberty Hall has had visitors of such stature as George Washington, Martha Washington, Lewis Morris, Marquis de Lafayette, Elias Boudinot, and John Jay, the latter of whom was married there.

William J. Pascrell III: William J. Pascrell III is an American lobbyist with the Princeton Public Affairs Group, and has been the Passaic County Counsel.  He has worked for United States Senator and Governor Jon Corzine, United States Senator Frank Lautenberg, United State Senator Robert Menendez, Congressman Robert Roe, Herb Klein and Albio Sires as well as Governor James E. McGreevey.  Pascrell earned an Emmy Award nomination in the category of Outstanding Talk Program Series for "The Battling Bills," a program he created jointly with Bill Palatucci.  Pascrell graduated from Rutgers University and the Eagleton Institute of Politics, and earned a Juris Doctor from Seton Hall University.  He is the son of Congressmen Bill Pascrell.

Underground Airlines: Underground Airlines is a 2016 novel by Ben Winters which is set in a contemporary alternate-history United States where the American Civil War never occurred because Abraham Lincoln was assassinated prior to his 1861 inauguration and a version of the Crittenden Compromise was adopted instead.  As a result, slavery has remained legal in the "Hard Four" (a group of southern states which have kept slavery): Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and a unified Carolina.  The novel attracted praise for exploring racism through the alternate-history mechanism, but also engendered criticism for coverage that seemingly ignored similar contributions by Octavia Butler.

United States Senate election in Maryland, 2006: The 2006 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006.  Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Paul Sarbanes, Maryland's longest serving United States Senator, decided to retire instead of seeking a sixth term.  Democratic nominee Ben Cardin won the open seat.

National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005: The National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 was a legislative proposal forwarded in April 2005 by United States Senator Rick Santorum (R-PA) to curtail perceived government competition with commercial weather services from the National Weather Service.  Though the wording of the bill was generally considered unclear, the general consensus among observers was that its effect would be to eliminate public dissemination of National Weather Service data and forecasts except in case of severe weather alerts.  The bill attracted no cosponsors in the Senate and eventually died in committee, and was roundly criticized by the general public for threatening to move taxpayer-funded data (currently made available for free) to commercial for-profit channels (i.e. behind a pay wall).  The bill had very few supporters outside the commercial weather industry.

East Wind: War in the Pacific: East Wind: War in the Pacific is a 2016 novel by Eamon McCarthy Earls which discusses a hypothetical future war between China and the United States over Taiwan.

Crittenden Compromise: The Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal introduced by United States Senator John J. Crittenden (Constitutional Unionist of Kentucky) on December 18, 1860.  It aimed to resolve the secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the fears and grievances about slavery that led many slave-holding states to contemplate secession from the United States.

Lodge Reservations: United States Senator Henry Cabot Lodge from Massachusetts was the Republican Majority Leader and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations.  In response to the Treaty of Versailles, Senator Lodge penned twelve reservations to the proposed post-war agreements.  The Treaty called for the creation of a League of Nations in which the promise of mutual security would hopefully prevent another major world war.  The League charter which Wilson primarily wrote let the League set the terms for war and peace.  If the League called for military action all members would have to join in.  Lodge wanted to join the League of Nations with reservations.  The Democrats in the Senate, following Wilson's direction, rejected Lodge's proposal to join the League with his reservations.  Republicans opposed joining under Wilson's terms of no reservations which meant the League could force the U.S. to enter a war without approval of Congress.  In the end the Senate voted down the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and never joined the new League of Nations.  Lodge won in the long run—his reservations were incorporated into the United Nations in 1945, where the U.S. had a veto.

The Mandibles: The Mandibles: A Family, 2029-2047 is a 2016 novel, the thirteenth by American author Lionel Shriver.  It was first published in the United Kingdom in May 2016 through The Borough Press and was published in the United States in June of the same year by Harper.  The novel received mixed reviews.

Every Man a King: "Every Man a King" is a song connected with Louisiana's Governor and United States Senator Huey Pierce Long, Jr. Long was known for his political slogan "Every man a king," which is also the title of his 1933 autobiography and the catch-phrase of his Share Our Wealth proposal during the Great Depression.  The song's lyrics include the lines "With castles and clothing and food

Supporting paragraphs: Underground Airlines Crittenden Compromise
Answer: John J. Crittenden