Question: A person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad (Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullāh) and a leader of the entire Muslim community would have used what financial institution?

Context paragraphs:
Shia view of Ali: Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a member of the "Ahl al-Bayt".  Shias regard Ali as the first Imam and is considered, along with his descendants, to be one of the divinely appointed successors of Muhammad who are claimed by the Shia the only legitimate religious and political leaders of the Muslim community.  Although Ali was regarded, during the lifetime of Muhammad, as his initial successor, it would be 25 years before he was recognized with the title of Caliph "(successor)".  Like the rest of his household, Shias claim that Ali is infallible and sinless and is one of The Fourteen Infallibles of the household of Muhammed.

Ahmadiyya Caliphate: The Ahmadiyya Caliphate is a non-political caliphate established on May 27, 1908 following the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, who claimed to be the promised Messiah and Mahdi, the expected redeemer awaited by Muslims.  It is believed by Ahmadis to be the re-establishment of the "Rashidun" Caliphate that commenced following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.  The caliphs are entitled "Khalīfatul Masīh" (Arabic: خليفة المسيح‎ ‎ ; English: Successor of the Messiah ), sometimes simply referred to as "Khalifa" (or Caliph).  The caliph is the elected spiritual and organizational leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and is the successor of Ghulam Ahmad.  He is believed by the Community to be divinely ordained and is also referred to by its members as "Amir al-Mu'minin" (Leader of the Faithful) and "Imam Jama'at" (Imam of the Community).  The 5th and current caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad.

Bayt al-mal: Bayt al-mal (بيت المال ) is an Arabic term that is translated as "House of money" or "House of Wealth."  Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.  It served as a royal treasury for the caliphs and sultans, managing personal finances and government expenditures.  Further, it administered distributions of zakat revenues for public works.  Modern Islamic economists deem the institutional framework appropriate for contemporary Islamic societies.

Miracles of Muhammad: The Miracles of Muhammad are a number of supernatural occurrences, which as claimed by Islamic tradition were made by Prophet Muhammad (Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim during his lifetime.  These miracles are shown either in the Quran or, in the vast majority of cases, in the hadith (traditions of Muhammad).  Muhammad's miracles encompass a broad range, such as the multiplication of food, manifestation of water, hidden knowledge, prophesies, healing, punishment, and power over nature.

Muhammad in Islam: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: مُـحَـمَّـد ابْـن عَـبْـد الله ابْـن عَـبْـد الْـمُـطَّـلِـب ابْـن هَـاشِـم‎ ‎ ) (Hebrew: ‎ ‎ Maḥammaddīm), in short form Muhammad, is considered by Muslims to be the last Messenger (رَسُـوْل ) and Prophet (نَـبِي ) sent by God (الله ) to guide humanity to the right way (Quran ) ( 570 – 8 June, 632).  They also believe that the Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, which they believe to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, 'Isa, and other Prophets.  The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established in the light of Quran became the foundation of Islam and the Muslim world.

Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya): Bai'at or Bay'ah (Arabic: بَيْعَة‎ ‎ ; literally a "sale" or a "transaction") is an Islamic practice of declaring on oath, one's allegiance to a particular leader.  In an Islamic religious sense, this oath is the standard procedure of pledging allegiance to an Imam, a spiritual leader, with the idea of selling oneself in exchange of the spiritual guidance given by an Imam.  It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his successors (caliphs) after him and is a practice that also forms a notable feature within Ahmadiyya Islam.  Following the death of a Caliph, the leader of the community, a pledge of allegiance is taken by the newly chosen Caliph from members of the community, based upon this prophetic model and the bay'ah is the standard procedure for entering the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.  Since 1993, a large Bay'ah ceremony of initiation for entering the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, is also held on an international scale every year during the annual gathering of the community.  The ceremony is led by the caliph at whose hand new converts take the oath of initiation, and old members of the community can reaffirm their oaths.

Caliphate: A caliphate (Arabic: خِلافة‎ ‎ "khilāfa") is a territory under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as a caliph ( , Arabic: خَليفة‎ ‎ "khalīfah ",    ), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad (Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullāh) and a leader of the entire Muslim community.  Historically, the caliphates were polities based in Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.  During the medieval period, three major caliphates existed: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258).  The fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, established by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, was a manifestation whereby the Ottoman rulers claimed caliphal authority.  During the history of Islam, several other Muslim states, almost all of them hereditary monarchies, have claimed to be caliphates.

Succession to Muhammad: The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death: Muhammad's successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy and the role of successor.  Answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history, giving rise to the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij schools.  After Muhammad's death in AD 632, disagreement broke out over who should succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.  Since none of his sons survived into adulthood, hereditary succession was not an option.  Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr.  Others added their support, and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph.  This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who believed that Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law, had already been designated as his successor by the Prophet.  During the First and Second Fitnas the Islamic community divided into a number of groups, each of which had a specific idea about successorship.  After the Rashidun caliphate evolved into monarchies and sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas; Shias emerged in opposition.

Thangal: Thangals are the various Muslim communities of Yemeni Arab origin found scattered and isolated in the state of Kerala, India.  They migrated to Kerala during the 17th century to expand their business, and propagated Islam as they are Muslims, and do not belong to the Mappila Muslim community of Kerala.  In Malayalam, "thangal" is an honorific Muslim title almost equivalent to the Arabic term Sayyid (Arabic: سيد‎ ‎ ) which is given to males believed as descendants of Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, who were the sons of his daughter Fatima Zahra and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib.  It has two basic divisions called "Ba-Hassan" and "Ba-Alawi".  Al mattari, Al-Jamallulaily(BaJamalullayl), Mashhoor, Shihab, Al-Jifri, Al-Fakhi(Bafakhy), Al-Saqqaf(BaSaggaf), Al-Bukhari, Al-Haboothy(BaHabooth) are considered as important Sayyid families (Qhabeelas).  Thangals residing in Panakkad, Malappuram district are often regarded as the most powerful and influential Thangals of Kerala.  The Thangal of Panakkad is the supreme leader of the Sunni faction of Muslims of Kerala and hence plays an important role in local politics.  The famous Sayyid ancestry Mashhoor is another well known thangals Qabeela residing in Vadakara, Kozhikode district.  Mashhoor Qabeela of vadakara is famous in sufi Tariqa which is the spiritual path of Islam.

Abdullah ibn Unais: Abdullah ibn Unais was a companion (Sahaba) of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.  He participated in several military campaigns ordered by Muhammad.  The first was to kill Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali who belonged to the Banu Lahyan tribe at the time of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.  Muhammad alleged that he was planning on attacking Madinah and inciting the people of Nakhla and Uranah to attack him.  Therefore he sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him in 625 during the Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais.

Supporting paragraphs: Bayt al-mal Caliphate
Answer: Bayt al-mal