Question: Black existentialism or Africana critical theory is a school of thought that "critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of Black people in the world" and may also be seen as method, which allows one to read works by African-American writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison, best known for what novel?

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W. E. B. Du Bois High School: W. E. B. Du Bois High School of Environmental Science (officially referred to as W. E. B. Du Bois High School) is a public high school located in northeast Baltimore, Maryland.  The school is named after sociologist and civil-rights activist Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois.  The school is situated in the former Northern High School and shares the structure with the Reginald F. Lewis High School.

W. E. B. Du Bois: William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor.  Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community.  After completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University.  Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

Dark Princess: Dark Princess, written by sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois in 1928, is one of his five historical novels.  One of Du Bois's favorite works, the novel explores the beauty of people of color around the world.  This was part of Du Bois' use of fiction to explore his times in a way not possible in non-fiction history.  He expressed fully imagined lives of his characters, using them to explore the richness and beauty of black culture.  The novel was not well received when published.  It was criticized for its expression of eroticism as well as for what some critics thought was a failed attempt at social realism.

Lewis Gordon: Lewis Ricardo Gordon (born 1962) is an American philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences, phenomenology, philosophy of existence, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of race and racism, philosophies of liberation, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of religion.  He has written particularly extensively on race and racism, postcolonial phenomenology, Africana and black existentialism, and on the works and thought of W. E. B. Du Bois and Frantz Fanon.  His most recent book is titled: "What Fanon Said: A Philosophical Introduction To His Life And Thought."

The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line: "The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line" was a monthly periodical in publication during the years 1907 to 1910.  It was the primary communication outlet for the Niagara Movement, and was edited by African-American editor, scholar and author W. E. B. Du Bois.  The magazine was written primarily by African Americans and addressed many African-American themes.  After the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed, publication ceased as Du Bois turned his attention to the NAACP's magazine, "The Crisis", which he also edited.  Prior to "The Horizon", Du Bois published a comparable magazine, " Moon Illustrated Weekly", which lasted for one year in 1906.

Akosua Adoma Owusu: Akosua Adoma Owusu (born January 1, 1984) is a Ghanaian-American avant-garde filmmaker and producer whose films have screened worldwide in prestigious film festivals, museums, galleries, universities and microcinemas since 2005.  “Owusu uses various production techniques to visualize a state of "triple consciousness", a term she coined in reference to a central tenet of the sociologist and civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois’s landmark text "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903).  Du Bois' double consciousness accounts for the experience of black Americans negotiating a sense of selfhood in the face of discrimination and cultural dislocation.  As part of the first generation in her family to be born in the United States, Owusu extends Du Bois’s concept to speak to the crisis of heritage and assimilation for African expatriates and their US-born children."  Owusu has stated that “instead of ‘Africanizing’ Western stories, I’m interested in reclaiming African history rendering them into what is happening in the present day.”

David Ross Fryer: David Ross Fryer (born 1969) is an ethicist working in phenomenology, queer theory, Africana thought, existentialism (in particular Black Existentialism), contemporary Jewish thought, and psychoanalytic theory.  He completed a B.A. (honors) in Intellectual History at The University of Pennsylvania, studying under Alan Kors; doctoral research in Philosophy at The University of Edinburgh, studying under Vincent Hope; and an A.M and Ph.D. in Contemporary Religious Thought at Brown University, studying under Wendell Dietrich.  His first book, "The Intervention of the Other: Ethical Subjectivity in Levinas and Lacan", received positive reviews in both philosophical and psychoanalytic circles.  His second book, "Thinking Queerly: Race, Sex, Gender, and the Ethics of Identity" and the work within it has both been cited by prominent academics and received attention in the queer blogosphere.  He has been affiliated with the Institute for the Study of Race and Social Thought and the Center for Afro-Judaic Studies, both at Temple University.  He is a founding member of the Phenomenology Roundtable.  He has taught at Illinois Wesleyan University, Temple University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Drexel University.  He is currently an independent scholar and is working on a book on queer parenting.

The Signifying Monkey: The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism is a work of literary criticism and theory by American scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. first published in 1988.  The book traces the folkloric origins of the African-American cultural practice of “signifying” and uses the concept of Signifyin(g) to analyze the interplay between texts of prominent African-American writers, specifically Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Zora Neale Hurston and Ishmael Reed.

Ralph Ellison: Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1913 – April 16, 1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, and scholar.  Ellison is best known for his novel "Invisible Man", which won the National Book Award in 1953.  He also wrote "Shadow and Act" (1964), a collection of political, social and critical essays, and "Going to the Territory" (1986).  For "The New York Times", the best of these essays in addition to the novel put him "among the gods of America's literary Parnassus."  A posthumous novel, "Juneteenth", was published after being assembled from voluminous notes he left after his death.

Black existentialism: Black existentialism or Africana critical theory is a school of thought that "critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of Black people in the world".  Although it shares a word with existentialism and that philosophy's concerns with existence and meaning in life, it "is predicated on the liberation of all black people in the world from oppression".  It may also be seen as method, which allows one to read works by African-American writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison in an existentialist frame.  Lewis Gordon argues that black existentialism is not only existential philosophy produced by black philosophers but is also thought that addresses the intersection of problems of existence in black contexts.

Supporting paragraphs: Black existentialism Ralph Ellison
Answer: "Invisible Man"