Question: When was the philosopher who worked on  An Essay Concerning Human Understanding born? 

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An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding.  It first appeared in 1689 (although dated 1690) with the printed title "An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding".  He describes the mind at birth as a blank slate ("tabula rasa", although he did not use those actual words) filled later through experience.  The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley.

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume, published in English in 1748.  It was a revision of an earlier effort, Hume's "A Treatise of Human Nature", published anonymously in London in 1739–40.  Hume was disappointed with the reception of the "Treatise", which "fell dead-born from the press," as he put it, and so tried again to disseminate his more developed ideas to the public by writing a shorter and more polemical work.

John Locke: John Locke {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".  Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory.  His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy.  His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries.  His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

Human rights in Colombia: Colombia is a sovereign state situated in South America.  It has been a member of the United Nations since 5 November 1945, and is party to a variety of international agreements concerning human rights.  It also has a series of domestic laws concerning the protection of human rights.  However, Colombia’s human rights record often contradicts directly with the laws and agreements to which it is bound; Colombia is widely referred to as the country with the ‘worst human rights record in the western hemisphere’.  In the UK Foreign Office annual human rights report for 2010, Colombia features as one of 20 ‘Countries of Concern’.

Of Miracles: "Of Miracles" is the title of Section X of David Hume's "An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding" (1748).

A Treatise of Human Nature: A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.  The "Treatise" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.  In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.  Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the "extent and force of human understanding".  Against the philosophical rationalists, Hume argues that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour.  He introduces the famous problem of induction, arguing that inductive reasoning and our beliefs regarding cause and effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is the result of mental habit and custom.  Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and passion rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions".  Hume also offers a skeptical theory of personal identity and a compatibilist account of free will.

Constant conjunction: "Constant conjunction" is a phrase used in philosophy as a variant or near synonym for causality and induction.  It can be construed to contradict a more common phrase: Correlation is not causation.  It is often associated with or in constant concomitance by the philosopher David Hume who used the phrase with great regularity in his discussion of the limits of empiricism to provide an explanation for our ideas of causation and inference.  In "An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding" and "A Treatise of Human Nature" Hume proposed that the origin of our knowledge of necessary connections arises out of observation of the "constant conjunction" of certain impressions across many instances.  A more modern conception would argue that scientific law is distinguishable from a principle that arises merely accidentally because of the constant conjunction of one thing and another, but there is considerable controversy over what this distinguishing feature might be.

Molyneux's problem: Molyneux's problem is a thought experiment in philosophy concerning immediate recovery from blindness.  It was first formulated by William Molyneux, and notably referenced in John Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1689).  The problem can be stated in brief, "if a man born blind can feel the differences between shapes such as spheres and cubes, could he, if given the ability to see (but now without recourse to touch), distinguish those objects by sight (alone), in reference to the tactile schemata he already possessed?"

Primary/secondary quality distinction: The primary/secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality.  It is most explicitly articulated by John Locke in his "Essay concerning Human Understanding", but earlier thinkers such as Galileo and Descartes made similar distinctions.

New Essays on Human Understanding: New Essays on Human Understanding (French: "Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain" ) is a chapter-by-chapter rebuttal by Gottfried Leibniz of John Locke's major work, "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding".  It is one of only two full-length works by Leibniz (the other being the "Theodicy").  It was finished in 1704 but Locke's death was the cause alleged by Leibniz to withhold its publication.  The book appeared some sixty years later.  Like many philosophical works of the time, it is written in dialogue form.

Supporting paragraphs: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke
Answer: 29 August 1632