Question: A Mars crater is named after the successor of who?

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Victoria (crater): Victoria is an impact crater on Mars located at 2.05°S, 5.50°W in the Meridiani Planum extraterrestrial plain, lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars.  This crater was first visited by the Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity".  It is roughly 730 metres wide, nearly eight times the size of the crater Endurance, visited by "Opportunity" from sols 951 to 1630.  It is informally named after "Victoria" – one of the five ships of Ferdinand Magellan and the first ship to circumnavigate the globe – and formally named after Victoria, Seychelles.  Along the edges of the crater are many outcrops within recessed alcoves and promontories, named for bays and capes that Magellan discovered.

Terby (crater): Terby is a crater on the northern edge of Hellas Planitia, Mars.  It is in the Iapygia quadrangle. The 174 km diameter crater is centered at 28°S, 73°E with an elevation of −5 km.  It is named after François J. Terby.  It is the site of an ancient lakebed and has clay deposits.  Using data from Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter missions researchers believe Terby's layers were formed from sediments settling under water.  Crater counts show this happened during the Noachian period.  It used to be thought that Terby Crater contained a large delta.  However, newer observations have led researchers to think of the layered sequence as part of a group of layers that may have extended all the across Hellas.  There is no valley large enough at the northern rim of Terby to have carried the large amount of sediments necessary to produce the layers.  Other details in the layers argue against Terby containing a delta.  Fan deposits are some of the thickest on Mars.  Hydrated minerals, including Fe/Mg phyllosilicates, have been detected in several layers.

Take On Mars: Take On Mars is a simulation video game for Windows, developed by Bohemia Interactive.  The game was announced at E3 2013 and released in its alpha version on 1 August of that year.  It is the second installment in the "Take On" series after "Take On Helicopters".  The user assumes control of a rover or lander in order to explore Mars.  The spacecraft can be equipped with scientific instruments by the player in order to study the Martian surface and complete objectives.  The game includes seven destinations for the player to visit: Asteroid Belt, Deimos moon, Gale crater, Kaiser crater, Lyot crater, Ptolemaeus crater, and Victoria crater; with Mars Yard located on earth as a testing ground.  Each map is a perfect square (four by four kilometers) with an area of 16km ("6.2mi") to be explored with various objectives.  Not all locations however are encompassed in the bounding zone, since the craters on mars take up more than 16 km (e.g. Gale and Kaiser crater).

Swift (Deimian crater): Swift crater is a crater on Mars's moon Deimos.  It is about 3 km in diameter.  Swift crater is named after Jonathan Swift, whose 1726 book "Gulliver's Travels" predicted the existence of two moons of Mars.  Swift crater is one of two named features on Deimos, the other being Voltaire crater.  On 10 July 2006, Mars Global Surveyor took an image of Deimos from 22985 km away showing Swift crater.

Halley (Martian crater): Halley Crater is an impact crater in the Argyre quadrangle of Mars, located at 48.7°S latitude and 59.3°W longitude.  It is 84.5 km in diameter and was named after Edmond Halley, and the name was approved in 1973.

Koga (crater): Koga is an impact crater on Mars, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter.  It is located at 29.3°S, 103.8°W, north of the crater Virrat and northeast of the crater Dinorwic.  To the north is the crater Nhill.  It is named after a town in Tanzania, and its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1991.  According to a surface age map of Mars based on US Geological Survey data, the area around Koga is from the Noachian epoch, which places the area's age at 3.8 to 3.5 billion years ago.  Sharp blocks and cliffs poke through a mantle of fine material located at the bottom of the crater.  At the deepest part of the crater, it is about 5,200 meters in elevation above zero altitude, and its rim averages about 6,400 meters above zero altitude.  It is therefore approximately 1.2 kilometers deep.

Eberswalde (crater): Eberswalde, formerly known as Holden NE, is a partially buried impact crater in Margaritifer Terra, Mars.  Eberswalde Crater lies just to the north of Holden Crater, a large crater that may have been a lake.  The 65.3-km-diameter crater, centered at 24°S, 33°W, is named after the German town of the same name, in accordance with the International Astronomical Union's rules for planetary nomenclature.  It was one of the final four proposed landing sites for the Mars rover Mars Science Laboratory mission.  This extraterrestrial geological feature lies situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of Mars.  Although not chosen, it was considered a potential landing site for the "Mars 2020" rover, and in the second Mars 2020 Landing Site Workshop it survived the cut and was among the top eight sites still in the running.

Voltaire (crater): Voltaire is an impact crater on Mars's moon Deimos and is approximately 3 km across.  Voltaire crater is named after François-Marie Arouet, a French Enlightenment writer who was better known by the pen name Voltaire, who in his 1752 short story "Micromégas" predicted that Mars had two moons.  Voltaire crater is one of two named features on Deimos, the other being Swift crater.  On 10 July 2006, Mars Global Surveyor took an image of Deimos from 22985 km away showing Voltaire crater and Swift crater.

Dinorwic (crater): Dinorwic is a Martian impact crater, approximately 56 kilometers in diameter.  It is located on the planet Mars at 30.4°S, 101.6°W, northeast of the crater Virrat and north of the crater Tugaske.  To the northeast of Dinorwic is the crater Caxias, and farther north is the crater Llanesco.  It is named after the town in Ontario, Canada.  Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1991.  According to a surface age map of Mars based on US Geological Survey data, the area around Dinorwic is from the Noachian epoch, which places the area's age at 3.8 to 3.5 billion years ago.  At the crater's rim, it is about 7,600 meters above zero altitude, and it is about 5,950 meters above zero altitude at its floor, giving it a depth of 1.6 kilometers.

Edmond Halley: Edmond (or Edmund) Halley, FRS (pronounced ; 8 November [O.S. 29 October] 1656 – 25 January 1742 [O.S. 14 January 1741] ) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist who is best known for computing the orbit of Halley's Comet.  He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed.

Supporting paragraphs: Halley (Martian crater) Edmond Halley
Answer: John Flamsteed