Question: James Clark McReynolds (February 3, 1862 – August 24, 1946) was an American lawyer and judge who served as United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson and as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, he served on the Court, during the presidency of which 30th President of the United States (1923–29)?

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Francis Osborne (North Carolina politician): Francis “Frank” Osborne (1853-1920) was the Attorney General of North Carolina from 1893-1896.  Osborne was born in Charlotte, North Carolina and attended the University of Virginia before reading law for 2 years in the offices of Richmond Mumford Pearson, Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court.  Osborne was admitted to the North Carolina Bar in 1875.  At age 25, he was elected mayor of the city of Charlotte.  He was elected Attorney General of North Carolina in 1893, but, defeated for reelection to the same office in 1896.  Osborne served a term as a State Senator from Mecklenburg County, North Carolina in the North Carolina General Assembly from 1898-1899.  He served on 9 standing Senate Committees.  After 1899, Osborne resumed his legal practice at the law firm of Osborne, Maxwell & Kearn.  Though, himself, a Democrat, in 1901 Osborne defended both North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice David M. Furches and North Carolina Supreme Court Associate Justice Robert Martin Douglas during their impeachment hearings.  Osborne was of the opinion that the Republican judges’ impeachments were unwarranted and an attempted political purge.  Osborne’s brilliant speech before the North Carolina General Assembly in closing defense of the justices caused both to be acquitted.  As reward for his successful defense of the justices, Theodore Roosevelt upon assuming office as President of the United States appointed Osborne a United States District Judge.

John Frush Knox: John Frush Knox (1907–1997) served as secretary and law clerk to United States Supreme Court Justice James Clark McReynolds from 1936 to 1937.  After working at various law firms, he took over the family mail-order business and then worked as an insurance adjuster.  He is chiefly known for his memoir of his year spent working for Justice McReynolds.

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ( ; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930.  Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of "Schenck v. United States", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States.  Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90 years, making him the oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history.  He also served as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law School, of which he was an alumnus.

Linder v. United States: Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5 (1925) , is a Supreme Court case involving the applicability of the Harrison Act.  The Harrison Act was originally a taxing measure on drugs such as morphine and cocaine, but it later effectively became a prohibition on such drugs.  However, the Act had a provision exempting doctors prescribing the drugs.  Dr. Nick Linder prescribed the drugs to addicts in Moore, Oklahoma, which the federal government said was not a legitimate medical practice.  He was prosecuted and convicted.  Linder appealed, and the Supreme Court unanimously overturned his conviction, holding that the federal government overstepped its power to regulate medicine.  The opinion of the court was written by Justice James Clark McReynolds and states, "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government."

Three Musketeers (Supreme Court): The "Three Musketeers" was the nickname given to three liberal members during the 1932–37 terms of the United States Supreme Court, who generally supported the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.  They were Justices Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, and Harlan Fiske Stone.  They were opposed by the Four Horsemen, consisting of Justices James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, Willis Van Devanter, and Pierce Butler.  Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts controlled the balance.

Four Horsemen (Supreme Court): The "Four Horsemen" was the nickname given by the press to four conservative members of the United States Supreme Court during the 1932–1937 terms, who opposed the New Deal agenda of President Franklin Roosevelt.  They were Justices Pierce Butler, James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, and Willis Van Devanter.  They were opposed by the liberal "Three Musketeers"—Louis Brandeis, Benjamin Cardozo, and Harlan Stone.  Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts controlled the balance.  Hughes was more inclined to join the liberals, but Roberts was often swayed to the side of the conservatives.

Calvin Coolidge: John Calvin Coolidge Jr. ( ; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–29).  A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state.  His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action.  Soon after, he was elected as the 29th vice president in 1920 and succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923.  Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative, and also as a man who said very little, although having a rather dry sense of humor.

Howell Edmunds Jackson: Howell Edmunds Jackson (April 8, 1832 – August 8, 1895) was an American jurist and politician.  He served on the United States Supreme Court, in the U.S. Senate, United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, and the Tennessee House of Representatives.  He authored notable opinions on the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.  Justice Jackson was the first to bring a law school graduate with him to serve as his secretary-clerk on the Supreme Court; that secretary-clerk was James Clark McReynolds, who later also became a Supreme Court Justice.

James Clark McReynolds: James Clark McReynolds (February 3, 1862 – August 24, 1946) was an American lawyer and judge who served as United States Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson and as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He served on the Court from October 12, 1914 to his retirement on January 31, 1941, during the presidencies of Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.  He was best known for his sustained opposition to the actions by Roosevelt and his overt anti-semitism.  In his twenty-six years on the bench, McReynolds wrote more than 506 majority opinions for the court and 157 dissents, 93 of which were against the New Deal.  He was one of the "Four Horsemen" (together with Willis Van Devanter, George Sutherland, and Pierce Butler), who represented the opposition to Roosevelt's New Deal.

Frank I. Osborne: Francis "Frank" Irwin Osborne (1853–1920) was the Attorney General of North Carolina from 1893 to 1896.  Osborne was born in Charlotte, North Carolina and attended the University of Virginia before reading law for 2 years in the offices of Richmond Mumford Pearson, Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court.  Osborne was admitted to the North Carolina Bar in 1875.  At age 25, he was elected mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina and served in the office from 1879-1880.  He was elected Attorney General of North Carolina in 1893, but, defeated for reelection to the same office in 1896.  Osborne served a term as a state senator from Mecklenburg County, North Carolina in the North Carolina General Assembly from 1898-1899.  He served on 9 standing Senate Committees.  After 1899, Osborne resumed his legal practice at the law firm of Osborne, Maxwell & Kearn.  Though, himself, a Democrat, in 1901 Osborne defended both North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice David M. Furches and North Carolina Supreme Court Associate Justice Robert Martin Douglas during their impeachment hearings.  Osborne was of the opinion that the Republican judges’ impeachments were unwarranted and an attempted political purge.  Osborne’s brilliant speech before the North Carolina General Assembly in closing defense of the justices caused both to be acquitted.  As reward for his successful defense of the justices, Theodore Roosevelt in the same year appointed Osborne an associate justice of the United States Court of Private Land Claims.

Supporting paragraphs: James Clark McReynolds Calvin Coolidge
Answer: John Calvin Coolidge Jr.