1949-01-27

PRIVILEGE


Mr. James Sinclair (Vancouver North):: Mr. Speaker, at this opening moment of the first business day of parliament I rise on a question of privilege affecting the good name and the honour of every member of this house except one. On the front page of the Vancouver News-Herald, of July 26,	1948,
appeared the following headline:
C.C.F.'er classes M.P.'s as "bunch of crooks".
The article reads as follows:
The Canadian people have been sending "a bunch of crooks" to parliament, Rodney Young, C.C.F. member for Vancouver Centre, told a C.C.F. open forum here Sunday. "And I will not take that statement back," he added.
Commenting on the "anti-labour" and "reactionary" attitude of Liberal and Progressive Conservative members of the Commons, Mr. Young said in a report on the last session, "I am burned up by the nonsense some of these people utter. The workers would be unholy mad if they knew what was going on in parliament."
The Canadian people were coming to believe they must send men of the producing classes, not lawyers, to parliament. The government had been "stunned" by the election of three C.C.F. members in recent by-elections.
Mr. Young, who spoke five times in five days while at Ottawa, assured his friends that he would "really go after those guys" at the next session.
I was amazed that any member should make such a statement, especially a member who had been here only ten days. I thought it another case of a loose tongue outrunning good judgment, and expected a retraction the following day, or at least the usual weak defence that he had been misquoted or misunderstood. When no such retraction appeared, as the member for the adjacent riding I felt it my duty, in fairness to my colleagues in the House of Commons, to follow up the matter. I went to the News-Herald and asked the editor whether, while it was still fresh in his mind, I might speak to the reporter who had covered the meeting. The reporter gave me this statement:
I had already written the story of the meeting before I went there, basing it on a prepared report by Denny Kristiansen, C.C.F. publicity man. When I got there, I found that Young spoke mostly on other things, so I had to write another story of the
meeting and refer to the former one as an "interview." I find in my notes that he said the people had "been hiring a bunch of crooks in parliament." Writing the report, my mind was not sure about the word "hiring," so I made it "sending," but did not put it in quotation marks. He added that he would not take it back. If he were in the House of Commons, he said, it would be ruled out of order as unparliamentary, but he could use the expression there at the meeting and he would stand by it.
However, I found that I had no need to get such a statement, because the three Vancouver papers immediately took exception to the statement and defended our good name. This provoked the member for Vancouver Centre (Mr. Young) to the writing of a letter to the News-Herald in which he repeated this charge and added other charges. I now wish to refer to that letter. The heading in the newspaper is as follows:
"A bunch of crooks"-M.P.'s called loafers, too.
I quote the first two paragraphs of the letter:
In view of the editorial appearing in the August 3 issue of the News-Herald I should be greatly obliged if you extend me the courtesy of publishing my reply.
Speaking at a public meeting on the evening of Sunday, July 25, I made the following statements-
Here is an interesting thing. Nine days after he made an ad lib speech he is able to explain in detail exactly what he said. I will not read the exact words, but he calls us incompetent, lazy and flagrantly neglectful of our duties. Further on in the letter he repeats his charge about crooks, in these words:
"I have said that I regard certain members of parliament as 'crooks'; I do not consider this term too harsh; I will not be afraid to use the language of the people. You can rely on me; I shall get after those 'guys' good and plenty, when I get back to the next session."
Then the letter goes on:
The news item in your journal stressed my use of the term "crook." Since it was a news item and not a commentary, I had no quarrel with the reporter, who was doing a job. The editorial was a statement of opinion in which you deprecated my general attitude and terminology. I do not agree with you on these points, and will have no hesitation in facing my fellow members at the next session of parliament should some of them feel that the cap fits.
In public life, Mr. Speaker, all of us are accustomed to slanderous attacks from crackpots, made in ignorance, and from communists with the intention of trying to break down our parliamentary institution. We generally ignore these statements. When such

Privilege-Mr. Sinclair charges are made by a member of parliament, speaking as such at a public meeting, we cannot ignore them.
I now challenge the member for Vancouver Centre to stand up here before his peers and name specifically the members who, he charges, are crooks; to prove his charges, and, if he fails in those charges, to follow the British tradition and resign his seat. If he does not do that, I propose to move, seconded by the member for Vancouver-Burrard (Mr. Merritt), that when the standing committee on privileges and elections is formed the hon. *member for Vancouver Centre be called before that committee, and the committee can decide whether he is a fit and proper person to sit in this company of honest and honourable men.


Mr. Rodney Young (Vancouver Centre):: Mr. Speaker, I have listened to the impassioned speech of my hon. friend across the way; and as I said in my letter to the News-Herald., from which he has quoted only in part, if any of my fellow members felt that the cap fitted I should be happy to have them wear it. I did not expect that the hon. member concerned would consider the cap fitted him, but apparently he does.


James Sinclair: On a question of privilege-


Rodney Young: I am going to read-


Mr. Speaker:: Order. I cannot permit the hon. member to carry on a debate on this question. I will give him the opportunity, as I think would be the desire of the house, to explain what he has done, but I do not think he should proceed to make a speech on a question of privilege.


James Sinclair: On my question of privilege, Mr. Speaker, the hon. gentleman has just asserted that the cap fits me, that I am a crook. I ask him to withdraw that statement now; and if he does not care to withdraw it now I shall certainly see that it is withdrawn after this session is over.


Rodney Young: I said "if".


Mr. Speaker:: Presenting reports by standing and select committees.


Some hon. Members:: Withdraw.


James Sinclair: I asked the hon. member to withdraw.


Mr. Speaker:: Since the words complained of by the hon. member for Vancouver North (Mr. Sinclair) were spoken outside the house, the Speaker has no power to request the hon. gentleman to withdraw; but if he wishes to take advantage of this opportunity to withdraw what he has said, I have no doubt hon. members will be pleased.


Some hon. Members:: Withdraw.


James Sinclair: I am still asking the hon. member to withdraw the insinuation that the cap fitted me. I drew to the attention of the house his allegation that we were all crooks -including the hon. member for Rosetown-Biggar (Mr. Coldwell), for that matter, since he did not say it was just the members of other parties. Again I ask, in my own case, that the hon. member meet this challenge, failing which we will move that he be brought before the committee on privileges and elections to defend himself. However, I still ask him to withdraw at this moment the insinuation against myself personally.


Rodney Young: May I be permitted to read my reply in full?


Some hon. Members:: No.


Mr. Speaker:: Order. As I have already said, the attention of the house has been drawn to what was said outside the house. I would suggest that the hon. member for Vancouver North follow the procedure he mentioned a few moments ago and wait until the committee on privileges and elections is set up.


James Sinclair: It is not the letter I am complaining of now; it is the language the hon. member used about me this afternoon in this house.


Mr. Speaker:: Would the hon. member be kind enough to repeat the words pronounced in the house this afternoon which he would like to have withdrawn?


James Sinclair: The hon. member implied that the cap of a crook fitted me, since I was the one who took exception to his comment that if some hon. members felt that the cap fitted them they could bring the matter up in the House of Commons. That is the point I am raising at the moment, and 1 ask that the insinuation be withdrawn now because it was made in this house.


Rodney Young: If I have said anything in this house today which reflects upon the hon. member, I am perfectly willing to withdraw it.


Mr. Speaker:: Order. Do I understand, then, that the hon. member withdraws what he has said?


Rodney Young: Today.



THE PRIME MINISTER


Right Hon. L. S. Si. Laurent (Prime Minister):: I hope it will be of interest to hon. members to learn that the President of the United States announced today that he has invited me to visit Washington on February

12, 1949, and that I had accepted his invitation. The United States ambassador called on me yesterday morning to extend the invitation. I told Mr. Steinhardt I would naturally be pleased to accept it.
The President was kind enough to indicate that he would like to renew our acquaintance and to discuss the matters which are of common interest to our two countries as neighbours, and also the world situation as it affects our two countries.
Everyone knows that the friendly personal relations between the late President Roosevelt and our Prime Minister were of inestimable advantage to this continent and to the world. President Truman has expressed the desire, which I fully share, to maintain these friendly personal relations between the leaders of the governments of our two countries. Hon. members will recall that President Truman visited Ottawa in June,
1947,	at the invitation of my predecessor, and that his visit was both pleasant and beneficial.



REPORTS AND PAPERS

[Stage Direction]
High! Hon. L. S. Si. Laurent (Prime Minister): I table herewith, in English and in French, the terms of union of Newfoundland with Canada, and answers to the questions raised by the Newfoundland delegation when it was here discussing these terms of union.
Also the orders in council passed since prorogation of the last session of parliament with respect to the transfer of duties; orders in council of August 17, 1948, November 5,
1948,	two of November 15,	1948, and
December 8, 1948.
Hon. J. J. McCann (Minister of National Revenue):: I desire to lay on the table the annual report of the Department of National Revenue for the year ended March 31, 1948, in English and in French.
I also wish to report that, with reference to the export of petroleum and pulpwood, no orders or regulations have been issued under the export of petroleum and pulpwood regulations established under chapter 63 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1927, since the last return made to parliament.
With reference to the Canada-United Kingdom income tax agreement, no orders or regulations have been issued under chapter 38 of the Statutes of 1946, being the Canada-United Kingdom income tax agreement.
With reference to the Canada-United Kingdom succession duty agreement, no regulations or orders have been issued under chapter 39 of the statutes of 1946, being the Canada-United Kingdom succession duty agreement section.
Business of the House
With reference to the Canada-United States tax convention, no orders or regulations have been issued under the convention relating to succession duties, enacted as chapter 31 of the statutes of 1934, since these were tabled in the house on March 20, 1946.
(For complete list of reports and papers tabled, see Votes and Proceedings, No. 2, January 27, 1949.)



APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEES OF THE WHOLE

Louis Stephen St-Laurent: If I may have the unanimous consent of the house to do so, I should like at this time to move:
That William Henry Golding, Esquire, member for the electoral district of Huron-Perth, be appointed deputy chairman of committees of the whole house.


Some hon. Members:: Hear, hear.


Louis Stephen St-Laurent: I thought the manner in which the hon. member performed his duties as deputy chairman of committees of the whole in previous sessions would assure me of the unanimous consent for which I have asked. I therefore move, seconded by the Minister of Trade and Commerce (Mr. Howe), the foregoing motion.


[Stage Direction]
Motion agreed to.


Louis Stephen St-Laurent: Yesterday the discussion with
regard to the procedure for today was concluded as follows, as reported in Hansard at page 12:


Louis Stephen St-Laurent: In order to avoid debate I am quite prepared to withdraw the motion and to trust that it will be the desire of hon. members tomorrow that we proceed with the debate on the address.
The leader of the opposition (Mr. Drew) said:
So that there may be no misunderstanding, I was dealing with a motion in a certain form. The Prime Minister has indicated his willingness to withdraw that motion. We come now to another point. There can be no objection to proceeding with the debate in the usual way in so far as the mover and seconder are concerned, but I am unaware of any precedent for the leader of the opposition and the Prime Minister following immediately afterwards under such circumstances as we have here. I do not think that should be suggested. The speech from the throne has only been presented today. The debate is on that speech, and it is customary to afford the leader of the opposition an opportunity to examine it so that his remarks will deal with it. I want to make that observation now that the Prime Minister has withdrawn the motion. I make the observation as to my views of the procedure on the debate merely for the purpose of avoiding any misunderstanding tomorrow.
On the assumption that the foregoing represented the feeling of the house generally, I

Business of the House now move that we proceed forthwith to consider the speech delivered yesterday by His Excellency to both houses of parliament. I understand that it is in order to make this kind of motion to apply to the proceedings of today only, but I would have no objection to its applying to the proceedings of the house until otherwise ordered by the house, if it is the desire of hon. members that the motion be in that form. I have it in the two alternative forms:
That the speech of His Excellency the Governor General to both houses of parliament be taken into consideration forthwith.
Or:
That the speech of His Excellency the Governor General to both houses of parliament be taken into consideration forthwith and that this order have precedence over all other business except introduction of bills and government notices of motions until otherwise ordered by the house.
I am informed that as to the more complete motion, the technical objection can be raised that forty-eight hours' notice has not been given. If that objection is taken, I suggest the first form, which would provide for the speech being dealt with today. As to the observation of the leader of the opposition that since the speech was delivered only yesterday it would be unusual to require him to deal with it today, if he still feels that way about it, and wishes, after the mover and the seconder have been heard, to move the adjournment of the debate, we on this side of the house would raise no objection.


Mr. George A. Drew (Leader of the Opposition):: The proposal which has just been made by the Prime Minister is, I think, in accord with the suggestion I made at the conclusion of my remarks yesterday. While I am unable, of course, to indicate unanimous consent except in so far as I may be able to do so for the members of the party which I lead, I am quite prepared to consent to proceeding with the debate if the second motion which has been read is introduced; it is in accordance with the established practice. I do so on the understanding which has been indicated by the Prime Minister, that at the conclusion of the speech of the seconder I move adjournment of the debate in the usual way.


Mr. Coldwell:: I think that is quite satisfactory, Mr. Speaker.


Mr. Low:: That will be satisfactory to our group.


Louis Stephen St-Laurent: I move, seconded by the Minister of Trade and Commerce (Mr. Howe):
That the speech of His Excellency the Governor General to both houses of parliament be taken into consideration forthwith and that this order have

precedence over all other business except introduction of bills and government notices of motions until otherwise ordered by the house.


George Alexander Drew: Just to clarify the record on
this point, Mr. Speaker, I have noted something which I think should be explained to the house before we proceed with the debate. I received my copy of Votes and Proceedings earlier in the day, and I find that the same copy is still on the desks of most of the members. A few minutes ago a new copy of Votes and Proceedings for yesterday was tabled. It includes two additional items which were not in the first printed copies distributed to the members this morning. The second of the additional items is a notice of motion by the Prime Minister. It reads as follows:
That on and after Monday, January 31, 1949, and every sitting day thereafter until and including Friday, February 11, 1949, government notices of motions and government orders shall have precedence over all other business except introduction of bills.
On inquiry I found that the copy which contains the motion I have just read is not yet on the desks of most hon. members. I think it would clarify the procedure if we could be told why one copy of Votes and Proceedings was delivered and then a subsequent copy delivered which contains a new and very important motion.


Mr. Speaker:: I must say to the hon. gentleman that I shall look into the matter.


Louis Stephen St-Laurent: I can give an answer to
the leader of the opposition right away. As I announced in the house yesterday afternoon, I gave notice of this motion, which is the last item on the Votes and Proceedings that the hon. gentleman has just read, and when I got the first issue of Votes and Proceedings this morning I was surprised to find it was not there. I communicated with the Clerk of the House, who verified the fact that he had it, but through some omission it had not gone to the printer. He told me that it was not the first time that there had been an oversight of this kind, and that he would see that the printer had the Votes and Proceedings completed in time for the sitting this afternoon.
I think I might take this opportunity to say that I have had representations from hon. members on both sides of the house, who, in spite of their realization of the urgency of proceeding with the Newfoundland terms of union so that we may have them dealt with by this parliament and subsequently by the parliament of the United Kingdom before March 31, feel they would like to have all next week devoted to the debate on the address. When this motion is called tomorrow,

if I can have the consent of the house to do so, I shall substitute for the dates that are mentioned the corresponding dates one week later.


[Stage Direction]
Motion agreed to.


[Stage Direction]
The house proceeded to the consideration of the speech delivered by His Excellency the Governor General at the opening of the session.
Mr. D. F. Brown (Essex West):: In rising to propose a resolution of appreciation to His Excellency, the Governor General of Canada, for his gracious speech addressed to both houses of parliament, the people of the constituency of Essex West, which I have the pleasure to represent in this house, are honoured and privileged to join with Canadians from the Atlantic to the Pacific in our tribute of loyalty and affection to His Majesty, George VI, our king, and his gracious consort, Queen Elizabeth. We do this, not with a feeling of subservience or subordination, but with the dignity of fidelity and allegiance.
We recognize and admire the attitude of sincerity which Their Majesties attach to their high office, their kindliness to the problems affecting their millions of subjects, their thoughtfulness of those afflicted, and the standard they have set for the world in their domestic lives by the grace, gentility and simplicity of their home living.
Canadians in all walks of life have learned with rejoicing of His Majesty's recent recovery from a serious physical disorder, and have breathed a prayer of thanksgiving for his restoration to health and strength. We humbly express to him our sympathy in the discomfort and suffering which he has endured, but are consoled by the promise that "the darkest hour precedes the dawn".
The British commonwealth of nations for many years has looked, hopefully and expectantly, for word of an heir to the throne. On November 14, 1948, this long awaited promise was fulfilled in the birth of "wee Bonnie Prince Charlie" to Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh. To the parents of the baby, christened Charles Philip Arthur George of Edinburgh, we extend our sincere congratulations. To the baby, all Canada extends its hope and prayer for a lifetime of health for himself, happiness with his family, and success in his relationship with his loyal subjects.
The Address-Mr. Brown
The year just passed has brought many changes in our national life and personalities. The Right Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King, who had held office longer than any other prime minister in the British empire, retired from his post as Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal party. Mr. King's dynamic leadership of the House of Commons, his unbounded energy in upholding that which he thought best for his country, and his unfailing courtesy, thoughtfulness and kindness, will always be an inspiration to the members of this house.
A man of peace, who abhorred war, he led Canada victoriously through the bitter storm and strife of conflict into the calm harbour of peace and prosperity, with distinction to himself and with honour to his country. His career of self-sacrificing service will be a beacon light to the youth of Canada for generations yet unborn. His followers will remember his uncanny insight and perspicacity; the opposition will remember him for his vigour and tenacity; but the little people of Canada will remember him as their friend and champion. History will be very kind to William Lyon Mackenzie King.
During the past year the hon. member for Neepawa (Mr. Bracken) found it necessary to retire as leader of the official opposition. During his term the hon. member endeared himself to all members of this house, regardless of party affiliations, by his warmth of friendliness, his vigour of opposition in the house, and his courtesy and affability outside the house. We wish him well.
On the turning of the pages of the history of this house, we are now proud to have as our leader one who is truly a Canadian of distinction-Right Hon. Louis Stephen St. Laurent. Mr. St. Laurent, having heard the clear call of duty, has rejected personal placid interests to accept the highest post of service to his country-that of Prime Minister. In this arduous position he will have every opportunity of displaying to the fullest extent his widely known powers of conciliation and sagacity. We on this side of the house are privileged to serve under his benevolent direction and admonition. May Canada continue to prosper and expand in stature among the nations of the world during his term of office.
It has been said that a government is as strong as its opposition. We are also welcoming a new leader of the official opposition, who comes to this chamber with many years of experience as premier of my own province, the province of Ontario. He has shown much energy and aggressiveness in his public career. We trust that his leadership of the opposition will be vigorous and constructive.

The Address-Mr. Brown
On the 11th day of December, 1948, an agreement was entered into by the Dominion of Canada having the effect of bringing into the confederation of the Dominion of Canada the province of Newfoundland, thus uniting in legislative matters two branches of the British commonwealth of nations, living side by side and having similar hopes and ideals. The people of my constituency join with all Canada in extending a warm and cordial welcome to Newfoundland, the tenth province of the Canadian family of provinces.
The agreement for union of Newfoundland has not come about without having to hurdle many obstacles; but with two groups oi people, such as Canada and Newfoundland, with the same customs, principles, and aspirations, the union would seem to be natural.
Upon referendum submitted to the people of Newfoundland, the desire to enter into confederation with Canada was expressed. Subsequently representatives of Canada and Newfoundland met and determined the arrangements for the union, which upon approval of the parliament of Canada will come into effect on the 31st day of March next.
Canada and Newfoundland have much in common for a union. Both have the same heritage in freedom of action, speech and religion. Both have the same political traditions. Both have grown to maturity side by side, and each has been able to observe the progress of the other. Both have realized that in a fast-moving world they need one another for their common defence. Both see that the greatest good, by way of special reforms and security, can come to the ordinary citizen in both places only if united we stand. We believe we can offer to Newfoundland much in the way of trade, but we need also what Newfoundland has to contribute. Newfoundland has lumber and pulpwood; it has fish and sea foods. It has vast deposits of iron ore and other metals. But, more than anything else, we welcome the people of Newfoundland. We realize they are a proud people, of rugged nature, strong and industrious, anxious to take their full share of responsibility, and that they expect their full share of the gains. We Canadians are proud to become associated with them.
We will undoubtedly encounter differences of opinion from time to time; but, having visited each of the nine existing provinces of Canada, I have observed that, while governments may often disagree, the common people of our dominion have the same high goal always before them-that of peace, industry, integrity, and security.
It is in this spirit of partnership that we extend our welcome to the tenth province of 
the Dominion of Canada, the province of Newfoundland.
My constituency, that of Essex West, borders on the Detroit river for approximately fifteen miles. Discussions on the St. Lawrence waterway development are therefore of vital interest to us, as they should be to all other parts of Canada.
By our methods of production we in Canada do not depend upon domestic markets. We are a trading nation. We export to the four corners of the world. In fact I believe we export about one-third of all the goods we produce. This probably would be much higher in my own constituency. We are therefore most anxious to devise ways and means by which, wherever and whenever possible, we can reduce the cost of the goods we produce and at the same time maintain our high level of living. One of the items which contribute to the increased price of our goods in competition with other goods of a similar nature on the world market is that of transportation of our goods to the consumer in the distant land.
Canada has access to 2,400 miles of waterways from Fort William to the Atlantic ocean. This great waterway, for the most part, is of deep navigable water with a height of 600 feet of falling energy. This waterway is similar to a series of saucepans with the spout of one dropping into the pan below, but with the spout of the final saucepan corroded with rocks, timber, and fear-fear of debt and disaster.
Time passes on. When Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence to claim the wilderness for France, little did he realize what he was starting-for this was the first link in the chain of events which has led to the struggle to obtain a free outlet to the sea -a freedom from the bonds of nature. Champlain, La Salle and all the great explorers have seen the need for this direct water route from the sea to that great inland empire of Canada. And now it is hoped the final removal of the impediment of the ages will be realized.
Since the days of the early settlers in Canada, wheelbarrows have become bulldozers; the old buckboard has become the sleek sedan; the magic lantern, the television set. The sailing vessel has become the modern oil burner. And the steamships have grown from the impressive length of 250 feet and a capacity of 2,000 tons to the ships of today with a length of 600 feet and capacity of 20,000 tons. Ships of this latter class pass along the border of my constituency unnoticed every few minutes of the day for eight or nine months of the year.

According to the United States Department of Commerce, seventy-one per cent of the ocean-going vessels of the principal maritime nations of the world operate on a draft of twenty-five feet or less. Thus ships in Canada's huge export and import business, ships coming from distant ports, are blocked upon reaching the rapids of the St. Lawrence river with its canals and locks constructed to a depth of only fourteen feet.
Travelling eastward, as the ships move from Fort William to the sea carrying Canada's consumable gold, pulpwood, or minerals, a drop of approximately twenty feet is encountered at Sault Ste. Marie. At lake St. Clair and the Detroit river there is a further fall of about eight feet, and channels have been deepened and are kept open during the navigation season. At Niagara Falls is the highest fall. Locks of 800 feet with depths of thirty feet provide adequate clearance. But as the boats reach the St. Lawrence river, the fourteen-foot locks are encountered and the load must be stored and reshipped.
Having deepened the channel at Welland, and having spent many millions of dollars on deepening the St. Lawrence channel below Montreal, there remains but one major obstacle to the seaway route-the bottleneck of the St. Lawrence rapids. The length of this obstruction is 183 miles; of this, 115 miles is international territory. It has about forty-seven miles of canals and twenty-two locks; but the navigable depth is still fourteen feet. It surely must be conceived as national policy that this should be enlarged to a depth of thirty feet; otherwise the millions spent above and below could not be utilized to the fullest.
True, the cost of the St. Lawrence waterways would be heavy; but can we afford not to make the expenditure? If we are going to earn money, we must spend money to create the machinery to earn it. We have spent huge sums to fight and win a war. We can and will spend comparably smaller amounts to win a peace. Time will be required; but, if the project is desirable, we have all the time necessary to bring the idea into fruition. The late President Roosevelt had an answer for those who were opposing the idea of the seaway project, when he said:
Opponents of the seaway project have pointed out that it takes four years to build this seaway.
They know, but fail to mention, that it takes at least that long to build a battleship. They also know that this project will cost the United States less than three battleships, and that the power project will be entirely self-liquidating.
The development of this seaway would be a beacon light to the war-weary people of the world, who would view it as the shining example of how free men and free nations co-operate to attain a common end. It would
The Address-Mr. Brown be an enduring example of the ability of two great nations not only to live side by side peacefully, but also to develop harmoniously their natural resources. The co-operative development of a great foreign trade route by our two countries for the purpose of sharing the benefits of new commerce would be a landmark in the history of international relations.
This project will give the industries of Windsor, and all the ports of the great lakes, the cheapest and shortest access to vast new markets for the automobiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other things which we produce. No transfer of cargo would be necessary through this cheap method of transportation. We must also realize that Windsor and all other inland ports are 500 miles closer, through the St. Lawrence, to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and to the great ports of Liverpool, London, Antwerp, and Hamburg. It is a little shorter to the Mediterranean countries, and to the middle east through the Suez canal.
Since the turn of the last century, the very life and national existence of Canada, and our sister country, the United States of America, have depended on our ability to build ships at the greatest speed, at least fast enough to provide food and materials for our fighting forces and those of our allies in foreign lands. Had the seaway been open, we could have done much better by far. Ships could have been constructed at many inland shipyards.
Let it be remembered that Windsor and Detroit were ranked as America's No. 1 arsenal, followed closely by Toronto and Hamilton. Cruisers, destroyers, and ten-ton merchant ships could be constructed in sheltered great lakes harbours far from threat of invasion, and loaded there with foodstuffs, munitions, and materials of war. Convoys could be assembled in the waters of the St. Lawrence.
In days when this idea was immature, men thought of this project as concerning only ships, wheat, ore, and harbours. But today, to the housewife in her kitchen and the workman in his factory, this seaway project means light, heat and power. It means comfort, speed, energy, and economy. Then, too, in an ever-increasing number of homes, the kitchen clock is run by electricity, and we do not hold with this "stoppage" of time.
In this project there is a fall of about 85 feet and it is estimated that there is a latent 2,200,000 horsepower of electrical energy. This will in no way conflict with the necessity of erecting steam plants in various parts of Canada to supplement the generation of electrical power. Hydro development will take care of all base loads of power, but the

The Address-Mr. Brown emergency of peak loads must be taken care of by steam generation at strategic points throughout the country. I strongly recommend, Mr. Speaker, that this project be proceeded with without delay.
The year 1948 was good to Canada. In that year the highest peacetime levels of production and external trade were achieved, and the levels of income and employment were the highest on record. Our dependence for our domestic prosperity on our foreign trade was, however, apparent. Today Canada stands third among the nations of the world as an industrial and trading nation.
In spite of chaotic world conditions as a result of the war, the government of this country has succeeded in getting for Canadian industry the large volume of raw products and capital goods required to keep industrial plants operating as fully and efficiently as possible. The consumer has also been able to obtain the steady supply of utility and luxury goods required by our high standard of living, the availability of which has all too often been taken for granted.
Confidence in Canadian institutions is reflected by the investment boom Canada has enjoyed during the past year. The vast iron ore resources of Quebec and Labrador, the uranium deposits in our northwest territories, and the new oil fields of Alberta, indicate that the discovery and development of our natural resources and new raw materials are continuing. Canada can look forward with optimism to developments that are now in their infancy.
Canada is a trading nation. It has many new products to offer the world. We also want to buy more freely in world markets, for the high standard of living and the increased diversity and complexity of our industry demand the best that the world has to offer.
With Canada's rapid industrial growth has come an increased stature among the peoples and nations of this globe. As is always the case with the ascent of power, there has come an enlarged degree of responsibility which must be assumed. We have earnestly devoted ourselves to this moral obligation. Canada has accepted the fact that it is in our national interest to contribute, whenever and wherever possible, to the lifting of the burden and the healing of the wounds of a war-ridden world by helping such countries to help themselves, both physically and morally.
The individual Canadian-that is, Canada on a per capita basis-has done more than any individual in any other country of the world in giving material support and financial aid to the peoples of devastated countries. True, it has been the government of the day 
which has made all necessary inquiries, which has carried on the negotiations and made the commitments. But it is to the Canadian people that the credit must go, for they have discerned the need; they have entrusted the mandate and have given loyal support to the aid given. Much more has to be done before the pinnacle of peace will have been reached, but in the ascent Canada can look back with modesty and humility to the assistance she has given pilgrims in the upward climb.
The advent of the year 1949 finds Canada strong and resolute, looking forward confidently and expectantly to the difficult problems which confront us, secure in the knowledge that we are sufficiently armed with the sling of enthusiasm and a pouch loaded with the pebbles of vigour, humility, and proficiency to do battle with and slay any Goliath of intimidation that may oppose us.
We in Canada have been able to profit by the experience of our United States brothers in legislating in a retaliatory manner as the result of a wave of labour strikes. It is, I believe, clear by now that, generally speaking, Canadian workers want to join unions, and do so of their own free will; that, generally speaking, the rank and file dictate the acts of their leaders and back them up. Canadian labour does not like communist machinations any more than do other Canadians. The Minister of Labour should therefore be encouraged and assisted in establishing the best possible conditions conducive to labour and management settling their own differences and reaching their own agreements.
It may be that this can be accomplished simply by refraining from too much legislation; or by making certain that what legal regulation is necessary does not needlessly disrupt long-established practices which both labour and industry have come to accept as being of assistance in maintaining a harmonious and orderly relationship. It is, however, essential that the law continue to protect labour's right to organize, and that the workers be not coerced by employers or minority groups in choosing representatives to speak for them in collective bargaining negotiations.
The labouring man does not want to harm his neighbour or disrupt the orderly operations of his community. He does, however, want to live modestly and peaceably; to be able to care for his family respectably and securely; and to enjoy himself moderately and inoffensively. He has no ideas of world domination, but merely seeks the respect and fellowship of his fellow Canadians. The role of the government, therefore, is not that of

policeman intervening in a private quarrel, but merely that of the guardian of the nation's vital needs, acting in the same manner as it does when flood or hurricane strikes, to see that the essential goods or services supplied at the time of the strike shall not be denied our fellow Canadians while an agreement is being found.
A business estimated to bring in a revenue of over $200 million in a year is obviously worth protecting, and encouraging in every conceivable way. The tourist business not only brings in huge amounts of money, but it can be the means whereby every individual in Canada may have his part in creating good will for our country, binding the countries of the world in bonds of peace, and blotting out the scourge of pestilence and war.
Canada has taken some action on conservation, but much more can be done. We have felt that our resources were so vast and our population so small that we could not possibly run out of anything. But in many areas the forests are dwindling and our game, to some extent, is being depleted. One has to have a very intimate knowledge of any accessible locality to be able to procure his limit of fish or ducks. We should therefore be on guard so that our resources of game and fish do not become depleted and our game animals become exhausted, for these have a strong inducement for our tourists.
In this regard the late Jack Miner, during his lifetime, and since his passing the Jack Miner Foundation operated by his sons, have done a remarkable job in conserving wild life in the Dominion of Canada, and, at the same time, publicizing Canada all over the North and South American continents by the method of attaching to the legs of the wild game making landings on the Miner farm, near Kingsville, Ontario, a metal band on which is impressed a comforting message.
Encouragement will, I am sure, be given to the various departments of government having control of large dredging operations to see that the unwanted material dredged from the bottom of the lake or river, when deepening is necessary, is not heaped in unsightly piles along the shore, changing places of beauty into eyesores. Admittedly this is an expensive operation, but is worth the cost in the long run if the natural attraction of the country can be preserved.
Great pains should be taken in this industry to see that high standards are maintained for all public and private services. Hospitable treatment, coupled with spotlessly clean accommodation and wholesome meals prepared with care and attention, will not only make satisfied customers but produce valuable dollars. Here the province of Quebec has an edge over most parts of Canada, for,
The Address-Mr. Brown in that province, great care is taken to serve attractive meals. We should not forget that a dollar in this industry is as valuable in our exchange problem as a dollar's worth of goods exported.
Canada has an abundance of natural beauty, reaching from the rolling countryside of Prince Edward Island, with its red soil, over which roads wind among gleaming white houses and barns against a background of verdant pines with streaks of silver birch, to the mighty trees and pageantry of flowers of Vancouver island. Those who have had the opportunity of visiting the different parts of our country will bring to mind the lavish hospitality and kindness of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, from the Annapolis valley to the Miramichi and St. John river valleys; the vivacious habitants of Quebec; the festive playgrounds of Ontario; the capacious horizon of the prairies, and the softness of the Alberta foothills at the feet of the exalted mountains of British Columbia.
It is difficult in all the vast expanse of Canada to pick out for particular mention, from the infinite array of pleasure grounds in Canada, any one particular locality, but I think it is appropriate to mention the work of the national parks branch of the Department of Mines and Resources. I feel it should be commended for its work all across Canada. The national park at Point Pelee in the constituency of South Essex, adjoining my own constituency, probably has more visitors in any given season than any comparable national park in Canada. It is unique in that the native wild life and plants vary in species more than in any other park we have. It is also the most southerly part of the mainland of Canada. One cannot resist, either, mention of the Jasper national park and lodge in Alberta, dignified in its unaffected simplicity, posed in the magnificence of its distant snowcapped mountains, reflected in the inirritable composure of its emerald lake.
Most motoring tourists prefer to stop in camps. In the United States there are hundreds of modern motels and cabins, equipped with private baths, and especially built to catch the motor tourist. The use of a little planning, a few trees and clipped hedges, comfortable beds and restful rooms will pay high dividends. The motels in and around the city of Victoria, British Columbia, can be pointed to with pride in the beauty of their architecture, the neatness of their surroundings, and the propriety of their accommodation. It is to be hoped that this form of accommodation will be introduced and expanded throughout other parts of Canada.
We welcome tourists to our country and urge all Canada to put forth its hand of cordiality and hospitality.
22	HOUSE OF COMMONS
The Address-Mr. Brown
This country has worked incessantly for peace; yet we will not be found napping in the event of any uprising in any part of the world. Much has been done in a material way to safeguard the Canadian people. We have, perhaps, gone further in unification of our armed services than any other country.
We have a surplus of a great many strategical materials of which only a relatively small number would be in short supply. Consideration, however, must be given to the question of expanding our steel-making capacity. Active steps also have been taken to familiarize the armed forces with the battle techniques of both the British and the United States armed forces. We also are committed to the course of building a navy as befits our world position, and of equipping our air force with the implements which are called for by the times in which we live.
Windsor, being largely industrial and with the reputation of having put the British army on wheels during the last conflict, occupies a strategic point in the Dominion of Canada. H.M.C.S. Hunter is located there, housing the naval reserve unit, the sea cadets and allied activities. We also have an armoury, built many years ago as a home for the Essex Scottish regiment, which, in these latter days, served with such sacred distinction at Dieppe and subsequently in the European theatre of war. To meet the needs of the mechanical age there has also grown up in our area another unit known as the 30th Reconnaissance battalion, largely because of the considerable number of mechanical technicians in that area. During the last war this unit served with pre-eminent honour to our country in North Africa, Italy and the central European theatre. Since there were no quarters wherein to mobilize or train, arrangements were made for this unit to use the armouries already occupied by the Essex Scottish regi ment. By keeping the unselfish goal of national service always before them, these two units have worked and prepared side by side in a phenomenal manner. It is to be hoped that, within the not too distant future, ways and means may be found for a new structure ample enough to meet the needs of both units of the active forces and to permit their expansion, as is befitting their importance.
War is not inevitable. Caftada neither seeks it nor shuns it. We, however, are going to be prepared to defend ourselves to the limit. While we must take every step possible in a material way by expanding our navy, by training our soldiers, and by building up our navy and air force, yet there is another defence that we must consider. This defence must begin with the individual, with the family in the home.

In the final analysis, we spend huge sums for the protection of the individual. But this protection is superimposed on the individual from outside his consciousness, while much self-protection can be achieved by the individual.
The breeding ground for subversive activities is ignorance and misunderstanding, and this applies to our governmental system and the various departments of government. The Post Office Department has realized that the public should be kept fully informed, and has appointed public relations officers to many leading offices across Canada. These officers have done a most remarkable job in disseminating information concerning all their activities, and have enlisted public support for their requests. Would it not be well for all branches of government to have trained public relations officers assigned to all main offices? Surely in an atmosphere of understanding, industry and co-operation, communism cannot breathe.
People everywhere, under the surface of custom, are fundamentally much alike. Some are good, some are indifferent, and the great majority are in the middle, just as in any family. It is our duty to stand side by side, strengthening and guiding those who are weak or would be misled.
The world is like a family into whose membership all sorts of strange people have been suddenly and permanently introduced. We must, therefore, try to discover the virtues in the members of our family and to enlist their loyalty.
The one great shining hope is that practical necessity may bring to practical application the truth, which every great moralist through the ages has preached in futility, that "men are brothers". What if one of the family does insist on sowing his solitary patch of wild oats? Let us maintain the family, and when the prodigal returns, as he usually does, he will find a warm welcome.
We are indeed more than pleased to observe with what enthusiasm and ability the Minister of Reconstruction and Supply (Mr. Winters) has assumed his new duties, which had formerly been so ably administered by the Minister of Trade and Commerce.
The 275,000 houses which have been built in Canada in the last four years have probably set a record for any similar period. Of this number, approximately 100,000 have been built directly by crown companies or with government financial assistance.
In 1948 there were about 83,000 units completed, of which about 9,000 were government rental units. This year, we are informed the minister has set a higher goal and hopes to complete 11,000 rental units, which is about 2,000 more than last year.

This is good news to the many veterans and civilians in my constituency, as I am sure it is to many other constituencies in which there are people living in most unsatisfactory accommodation.
Since the success of such federal building projects depends so much on provincial and municipal co-operation, we feel sure that continued assistance will be accorded the minister in this field.
The constituency which I represent, Mr. Speaker, is appreciative of the invitation which the Prime Minister has extended to me to move the adoption of the address in reply to the speech from the throne. The constituency of Essex West is an urban constituency, comprising the former city of Windsor, as it was constituted prior to amalgamation, the contiguous former town of Sandwich, and the suburban township of Sandwich West. It also includes the towns of La Salle and O jib way.
Windsor's geographical position has a peculiar interest in that it is the only Canadian city which is directly south of a part of the United States. It is connected with the neighbouring metropolis of Detroit, Michigan, by tunnels, bridge and car ferries. Thirty-five years ago the city of Windsor was a quiet city of about 16,000 people, but today it has a population of approximately 125,000. Two small Indian villages were the first beginnings of the border settlements. They were at the terminus of Indian trails which crossed Essex county and tex-minated at the narrowest point of the river, the most convenient crossing place.
What the Indians recognized as a strategic point was also realized by the first white visitors. In 1701 the French first ai'rived at this point, and this French settlement grew gradually until 1763, when the English first entered the settlement. Since then these two races have grown side by side. The coming of the British settlers into the Detroit river area was the beginning of the cosmopolitan atmosphere of that district.
Windsor, being located on the international boundary line, has naturally developed into a cosmopolitan centre, part American and part Canadian. It has offered many advantages for the location of industries from the United States in that it is the Canadian city closest to most of the main offices of the midwest centres. It has quick and efficient transportation lines by rail, water and air, which has allowed the executive and the technician to cross back and forth expeditiously.
As a focal point for transportation, Windsor is the open end of the bottleneck of western Ontario which juts southwardly into the United States. It is located on the most
The Address-Mr. Demers heavily laden inland waterway in the world, the Detroit river, with a channel depth of about forty feet, carrying an average of about 81 million tons of freight annually. This is more freight than is carried by the Panama and Suez canals combined.
Manufacturing in Windsor has the international flavour, its basis being American plants, located across the border, supplying the Canadian and British empire markets. The industry of Windsor plays a magnificent role in Canada, based largely on the automobile trade. It also has the largest concentration of pharmaceutical industries in the British empire, as well as its large salt and chemical plants. Windsor is also the home of the Windsor Daily Star, which is widely read throughout Canada, and is most favourably known in this house, and for many given periods has been the most quoted daily newspaper in Canada. There, too, we have radio station CKLW, which is the voice of Canada to millions of Americans.
May I through you, Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the constituency of Essex West, extend to the right hon. the Prime Minister a most cordial invitation to visit at an early date our part of the country, the sun parlour of Canada.
(Translation):
Mr. Speaker, I should like to speak in French but I regret my inability to do so.
(Text):
I have the honour and privilege of moving, seconded by the hon. member for Laval-Two Mountains (Mr. Demers):
That the following address be presented to His Excellency the Governor General:
To His Excellency the Right Honourable Viscount Alexander of Tunis, Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada.
May it Please Your Excellency:
We, His Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the House of Commons of Canada, in parliament assembled, beg leave to offer our humble thanks to Your Excellency for the gracious speech which Your Excellency has addressed to both houses of parliament.
(Translation):


Mr. Leopold Demers (Laval-Two Mountains):: Mr. Speaker, I was deeply moved yesterday when I came into this house for the fii-st time. May I be allowed to share my joy and happiness with the constituents of Laval-Two Mountains who placed their confidence in me on December 20 last. I also wish to thank the Prime Minister for the very great honour which he bestowed upon me in asking me to second this motion.
An analysis of the Liberal victory in Laval-Two Mountains clearly shows that it was

The Address-Mr. Demers due to three specific factors: first, the eager wish of the people of that constituency to give the Liberal party, of which I have the honour of being a member, a living token of their gratitude; the skill of the Hon. Joseph Jean who recently became Liberal leader in the province of Quebec; finally, and more particularly, Mr. Speaker, the prestige, the exceptional qualities of a great Canadian, the Liberal leader and Prime Minister of our country, the Right Hon. Louis S. St. Laurent.


Mr. Abboli:: Hear, hear!


Léopold Demers: The long awaited news of a royal birth, that of Prince Charles of Edinburgh, over which the whole Christian world rejoiced, came last November.
Reverence for the great family that has ruled the British people for many long years with such dignity filled the hearts of all who are devoted to the family tradition. We cannot cease to marvel that the royal family boasts four living generations in this, the twentieth century, when so many thrones, unsteadied by the troublesome events of our day, have toppled over.
It seems that the Almighty has preserved to this throne the power with which it was endowed from above because those who exercise it know their duty as sovereigns and carry it out worthily.
To Their Majesties the King and Queen, to their children, to the new-born Prince, health and long life.
Canada, Mr. Speaker, has been fortunate in being served, governed and administered by men of faith and fortitude, and today we are envied the world over. No country has had more humble beginnings, and yet Cartier, his work well done, uttered the words which are 'still sung today: "Nothing is so beautiful as one's native land." Gazing over the results of fifteen years of government and looking back at the road he had traveled, Laurier exclaimed:	"The twentieth century
shall be Canada's century." We have not yet reached the year 1950 and already the twentieth century is Canada's century. In 1908, when Mr. Mackenzie King was first elected to parliament, one half of our present population was still unborn. We had but just recently ceased being a colony. The first impetus had been given by Laurier, but nearly everything remained to be done. Mr. Mackenzie King did it, and did it well.


Mr. Marlin:: Hear, hear!


Léopold Demers: Through his tenacity and perseverance, we have acquired such highly-prized assets as political freedom, social security and national sovereignty. He has placed our country on the map of the world.


His love of humanity has inspired a whole program of social legislation which arouses the admiration of strangers and ensures the happiness of Canadians.
I do not wish to anticipate the judgment of history but, when time has passed over the memory of political conflict, of those injustices and calumnies which have been his lot and which he has supported with such patience, I am sure that history, in its finest pages, will reckon him a man of destiny. Time, no respecter of fine things, has unfortunately not spared him. It was with great misgivings that, last fall, every true Canadian learned, from Mr. Mackenzie King's own mouth, that he was about to transfer to someone else's shoulders the weighty mantle of honours. It was then that from every part of the country came Canadians, not only to choose a new political chieftain for a party proud of its past, in which it finds inspiration for the future, proud of a name it has never changed, proud of a flag it has never abandoned and which it will keep for those days of victory which should not be long in coming, but in order to choose a chief for our government.
All these Liberal Canadians were aware of their responsibilities. They knew the hour was grave, that Canada had to keep marching gloriously toward its destinies, that we had to choose a prime minister who would carry on the work which was so well begun.
A man whose worth is already recognized the world over was chosen as leader: he is the Right Hon. Louis St. Laurent. His talents, his experience, his patriotism and his great Canadian spirit had already won the confidence and respect of his fellow citizens.
In order, to guarantee to the Canadian people the liberty, security and unity which they need so much, in order to allow our country to play its part in the national as well as in the international field; in order to destroy the universal enemy who seeks to spread everywhere his diabolical philosophy, communism, that heresy of the century which the history of the world will consider as the greatest humiliation to the human mind, could we have found a better man than Mr. St. Laurent? Immediately on his coming, we note a widening of our horizons and Newfoundland becomes our tenth province, thus completing this country and consolidating its boundaries; in order to protect themselves against Russian imperialism, the Christian nations concur in Mr. St. Laurent's views and undertake to enter into an agreement called the Atlantic pact, thus forming the greatest co-operative peace movement the world has ever seen. He has been successful in convincing other nations that the intelligent organ-

ization of an equitable and lasting peace is far less costly than war. That peace policy, Mr. Speaker, is nothing but the response of Christian people to the appeals of Christian conscience. I do not doubt that if the message directed to the whole world by Pope Pius XII on Christmas day were heeded, the clouds of uneasiness which hang over us would soon vanish.
The splendid speech we heard yesterday from His Excellency, the King's representative, includes also the announcement of measures designed to secure more sovereignty for our country and more happiness and peace for her citizens.
The abolition of appeals to the privy council is indeed a giant stride towards a more complete autonomy. The highest court before which any Canadian may appear to get justice shall be right here in Canada. The maintaining of rent control by the federal government, if the provinces want to elude their responsibilities, is another measure ensuring greater security to our people and especially to our working class. Farmers, who are the foundation of our national life, also get special attention from the government so that they may continue to be happy citizens, loving their farms, their province and their country, and playing nobly the providential part with which they have been entrusted.
All those measures contained in the speech from the throne and upon which I shall not dwell, knowing full well that all hon. members of this house will have an opportunity to discuss them in their smallest details, clearly show the government's earnest wish to promote the best interests of the Canadian people.
The leader of the government needs the good will of all in order to carry on his work of pacification and lead this country towards a better future. Whatever may be our origin or creed, we owe a duty to our country. For my part, I may say that I am proud to be a French Canadian, I am proud of my religious and political leaders because I know what a generous part they have taken in the building up of this country. I also know that the same applies to my English-speaking fellow citizens; they are proud of their religious and political leaders who have achieved so much for the cause of freedom, not only in Canada but throughout the world.
Together we have rights and privileges, protected and guaranteed by constitution and statute.
The Address-Mr. Demers
If Canada is to be a better and bigger country tomorrow, its two great component races must keep on living in harmony, understanding and mutual respect.
(Text):
In closing I should like to say a few words to my English-speaking Canadian friends, to tell them that I am proud and happy to be here today. I am proud to be a Canadian; I am proud of my leaders, both in church and in politics, because I am aware of the contribution they have made to our country.
I know, too, that English-speaking Canadians have every right to feel the same about their leaders, who have been the champions of liberty throughout Canada and the world. All of us should be thankful for our respective rights and privileges, which are protected by our constitution and our laws. Tomorrow, if we desire to have a more prosperous Canada, these two groups, the English and French speaking Canadians, along with minorities, have only to continue to live and work in harmony, good understanding and mutual respect.
(Translation):
Mr. Speaker, I thank you heartily for the indulgence and generosity with which you have listened to me.


An hon. Member:: Hear, hear!
(Text):
On motion of Mr. Drew the debate was adjourned.



BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE

Louis Stephen St-Laurent: the adjournment of the house.
He said: Tomorrow there will be some formalities with respect to some of the resolutions appearing in today's Votes and Proceedings so that they may be advanced one stage. Then we will proceed with the debate on the address. As to the motion in Votes and Proceedings, if I may have unanimous consent I will ask that it be modified by changing the dates to the corresponding dates one week later.
Motion agreed to and the house adjourned at 4.55 p.m.

Friday, January 28, 1949