Patent GB-368812-A (GB)
Title: A process for preparing, moistening, emulsifying and equalising preparations for the textile and leather industries
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1930-12-06
Abstract: Alkyl esters of phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid chlorides, phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid chlorides or mixtures thereof, are added before, during or after the sulphonation of fatty acids containing eight or more carbon atoms, or their derivatives, such as their esters with mono or polyhydric alcohols, their polymerization products or estolides or acylated hydroxy derivatives, whereby products which may be used as dispersing agents in the textile and leather industries are obtained.  In a modification, the wetting and equalizing properties are further increased by allowing the reaction product to stand for some days after having been washed, or by heating the washed product, alone or in the presence of the wash water, or by treating the washed sulphonation product with a further quantity of the phosphoric or phosphorous esters.  In this latter modification, the sulphonation need not be effected in the presence of the phosphoric or phosphorous esters but the latter may be replaced by the acids, oxides, chlorides or oxychlorides of phosphorus, salts of lower fatty acids, reaction products of sulphonating agents with acetic acid or acetic anhydride, chlorides of sulphur, carbonyl, thionyl, sulphuryl or of boron, boric acid or anhydride, mixed anhydrides of acetic acid or its homologues with inorganic acids, sulphosuccinic acid, carbylsulphate, ethionic acid, isethionic acid or homologues or salts thereof or any substance known to promote the sulphonation.  These sulphonating auxiliary agents may also be used with the phosphoric or phosphorous esters before, during or after the sulphonation.  The after treatment with the phosphoric or phosphorous esters, which may be effected in the presence of salts of strong bases with weak acids e.g., sodium phosphate or acetates, to prevent darkening of the product, and also the sulphonation may be repeated, the latter process improving the resistance of the product to acids, alkalies and alkaline earth salts.  In examples: (I) ricinoleic acid is sulphonated in the presence of oleum, phosphoric acid and the dichloride of propylorthophosphorous acid: (II) ricinoleicamylester is sulphonated with sulphuric monohydrate in the presence of the dichloride of iso amylorthophosphorous acid: (III) castor oil is sulphonated in the presence of phosphorus trichloride and the dichloride of isobutyl orthophosphorous acid; the product, after being washed is heated either alone or with a further quantity of an alkylphosphorous chloride: (IV) castor oil is sulphonated in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, with sulphuric acid and after being washed is heated with phosphorous ethyl ester; (V) ricinoleic acid is acetylated and sulphonated with sulphuric acid and phosphorus trichloride; after being washed, the product is heated with di-iso amylphosphoric acid and then again sulphonated with a mixture of oleum and phosphoric acid.  The resulting sulphonated products may be neutralized with amines such as diethylamine, triethanolamine guanidine, aniline and pyridine.ALSO:Alkyl esters of phosphorous acid, phosphorous acid chlorides, phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid chlorides or mixtures thereof, are added before, during or after the sulphonation of fatty acids containing eight or more carbon atoms or their derivatives, such as their esters with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, their polymerization products or estolides or acylated hydroxy derivatives.  The products are stated to be wetting, dispersing and equalizing agents which may be used in the textile and leather industries.  In a modification, the wetting and equalizing properties are further increased by allowing the reaction product to stand for some days after having been washed, or by heating the washed product alone or in the presence of the wash water, or by treating the washed sulphonation product with a further quantity of the phosphoric or phosphorous esters.  In this latter modification, the sulphonation need not be effected in the presence of the phosphoric or phosphorous esters, but the latter may be replaced by the acids, oxides, chlorides or oxychlorides of phosphorus, salts of lower fatty acids, reaction products of sulphonating agents with acetic acid or acetic anhydride, chlorides of sulphur, carbonyl, thionyl, sulphuryl or of boron, boric acid or anhydride, mixed anhydrides of acetic acid or its homologues with inorganic acids, sulphosuccinic acid, carbylsulphate, ethionic acid, isethionic acid, or homologues or salts thereof or any substance known to promote the sulphonation. These sulphonating auxiliary agents may also be used with the phosphoric or phosphorous esters before, during, or after the sulphonation.  The after treatment with the phosphoric or phosphorous esters, which may be effected in the presence of salts of strong bases with weak acids, e.g. sodium phosphate or acetate, to prevent darkening of the product, and also the sulphonation may be repeated, the latter process improving the resistance of the product to acids, alkalies and alkaline earth salts.  In examples, (i) ricinoleic acid is sulphonated in the presence of oleum, phosphoric acid, and the dichloride of propylorthophosphorous acid; (ii) ricinoleicamylester, prepared from the acid and n- or iso amyl alcohol, is sulphonated with sulphuric monohydrate in the presence of the dichloride of iso amylorthophosphorous acid; (iii) castor oil is sulphonated in the presence of phosphorous trichloride and the dichloride of isobutyl orthophosphorous acid; the product, after being washed is heated either alone or with a further quantity of an alkyl phosphorous chloride; (iv) castor oil is sulphonated in the presence of phosphorous trichloride with sulphuric acid and after being washed is heated with phosphorous ethyl ester; (v) ricinoleic acid is acetylated and sulphonated with sulphuric acid and phosphorus trichloride; after being washed the product is heated with di-iso amylphosphoric acid and then again sulphonated with a mixture of oleum and phosphoric acid.  The resulting sulphonated products may be neutralized with amines such as diethylamine, triethanolamine guanidine, aniline and pyridine.  Alkyl esters of ortho phosphorous acid chloride and of ortho-phosphorous acid may be prepared by treating one molecular proportion of an alkyl ester of ortho-phosphorous acid dichloride with one and two molecular proportions of an alcohol respectively.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises also the use of alkyl esters of boric and chlorsulphonic acids and the dialkyl esters of sulphuric acid in place of the phosphoric and phosphorous esters, and also treating the washed sulphonation products with monoalkyl esters of sulphuric acid or with alcohols.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.