Patent GB-466229-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic cement
IPC: C04B24/22
Filed: 1936-02-12
Abstract: Cement clinker is ground in the presence of an aqueous solution or dispersion of an agent which is effective to peptize cement particles in an aqueous medium without diminution of the strength of the hardened concrete subsequently produced, of a wetting-agent, or of an oleaginous material.  One group of peptizing agents which may be employed are soluble organic compounds containing a number of aromatic nuclei directly attached to an aliphatic nucleus, for example the compound obtained by condensing beta-naphthalene sulphonic acid with formaldehyde as described in Specification 431,679, [Group V]. Other peptizing agents are water-soluble derivatives of lignin, e.g. the water-soluble salt of lignin sulphonic acid.  These are preferably used in the presence of hydroxy-alkyl amines disclosed in Specification 454,944, [Group V]. A further group of peptizing agents comprises water-soluble organic compounds of at least 15 carbon atoms and containing in the molecule two or more aromatic nuclei attached to a heterogeneous nucleus, e.g. fast wool cyanone 3R, Durol black 2B, Durol black B, wool violet 4BN, Nigrosene 12525.  Other compounds are the isothionic esters of oleic acine. Suitable wetting agents are sulphonates of higher alcohols, soaps, saponins, sulphonation products of alkylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. butyl naphthalene sulphonic acid, and sulphuric acid esters of higher fatty alcohols.  As oleaginous material, oleic acid may be employed.  The amount of peptizing agent used is about 1 1/2 parts to 1000 parts of cement.  When wetting agents are used the amount is about 2 parts to 1000 of cement, and in the case of oleaginous materials from 0,5 to 10 parts per 1000.  The amount of water is preferably not more than 1 part to 50 of cement and not less than 1 part to 1000 of cement. Specification 283,091, [Class 59], also is referred to.ALSO:Cement clinker is ground in the presence of an aqueous solution or dispersion of an agent which is effective to peptize cement particles in an aqueous medium without diminution of the strength of the hardened concrete subsequently produced, of a wetting-agent, or of an oleaginous material.  One group of peptizing agents which may be employed are soluble organic compounds containing a number of aromatic nuclei directly attached to an aliphatic nucleus, for example the compound obtained by condensing beta-naphthalene sulphonic acid with formaldehyde as described in Specification 431,679.  Other peptizing agents are water soluble derivatives of lignin, e.g. the water soluble salt of lignin sulphonic acid.  These are preferably used in the presence of hydroxyalkyl amines disclosed in Specification 454,944.  A further group of peptizing agents comprises water soluble organic compounds of at least 15 carbon atoms and containing in the molecule two or more aromatic nuclei attached to a heterogeneous nucleus, e.g. fast wool cyanone 3R, Durol black 2B, Durol black B, wool violet 4BN, Nigrosene 12525.  Other compounds are the isothionic esters of oleic acid.  Suitable wetting agents are sulphonates of higher alcohols, soaps, saponins, sulphonation products of alkylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. butyl naphthalene sulphonic acid, and sulphuric acid esters of high fatty alcohols.  As oleaginous material, oleic acid may be employed.  The amount of peptizing agent used is about 1 1/2 parts to 1000 parts of cement.  When wetting-agents are used the amount is about 2 parts to 1000 of cement, and in the case of oleaginous materials from ,5 to 10 parts per 1000.  The amount of water is preferably not more than 1 part to 50 of cement and not less than 1 part to 1000 of cement. Specification 283,091, [Class 59], also is referred to.