baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-19980081708-A (KR)
Title: 프로세스 카트리지용 토너 공급 방법 및 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스 카트리지
IPC: G03G21/18
Filed: 1998-04-24
Abstract: 전자 사진 기록 장치의 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스 카트리지 쪽으로 토너를 공급하는 본 발명 방법은 작업자의 손과 화상 형성 장치를 오염시키지 않는다.  토너가 외부 부분으로부터 토너 공급부로 공급되는 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스 카트리지에는 현상 유니트 쪽으로 토너를 공급하기 위한 토너 공급부가 마련되고, 상기 화상 형성 장치용 프로세스 카트리지는 단절시킬 수 있는 재료로 제조된 용기로 구성되고 공급 토너가 안에 수용되는 공급 토너 용기와, 상기 공급 토너 용기를 안에 수용하는 공급 토너 용기 수용부와, 공급 토너 용기의 수용된 용기를 단절시키는 단절 기구인 연부체와, 상기 용기가 단절될 수 있도록 용기를 밀어 넣는 암나사 부재와, 용기의 단편이 통과하는 것을 막기 위한 결합 부재를 포함한다.
Patent KR-19990081365-A (KR)
Title: 플레인 안테나와 이 안테나를 사용하는 휴대용라디오
Filed: 1998-04-29
Abstract: 본 발명에 따른 마이크로스트립 플레인 안테나와 휴대용 라디오는 방사 요소로 사용되는 4변형 도체의 4 측부에서, 적어도 3 측부는 서로 길이상에서 다르게 제조되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-19990085130-A (KR)
Title: 회전 도어 제어 방법 및 제어 장치
IPC: E05F15/12
Filed: 1998-05-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 하나의 축에 두 개 이상의 문짝이 부착되어 축과 문짝이 회전하여 출입이 가능하게 되는 회전문에 있어서,  상기 축과 결합되어 축에 회전력을 가하는 구동수단과, 상기 회전 문짝이 미리 정한 위치에 정지하면 정지신호를 발생하는 정지위치검출센서와, 상기 회전 문짝이 정지위치에서 조금 회전하게 되면 회전개시신호를 발생하는 회전개시검출센서와, 상기 회전문짝이 회전하여 상기 정지위치에 도달하기 전 일정한 위치에 도달되면 서행신호를 발생하는 서행위치검출센서와, 상기 회전문의 양편 일정한 범위 내에 사람이 위치하게 되면 연속동작신호를 발생하는 연속동작검출센서와, 상기 정지위치검출센서, 회전개시검출센서, 서행위치검출센서, 및 연속작동검출센서의 신호를 입력으로 받아서 상기 구동수단을 제어하고, 회전문이 정지위치가 아닌 위치에서 일정 시간 이상 정지하게 되면 일정한 각도만큼 역회전시킨 후 다시 정회전시키는 제어수단을 구비하여, 문짝이 일정한 각도만큼 밀리거나(반자동) 작동검출센서의 신호가 검출되면 회전문이 회전을 개시하여 일회전 한 후 일정한 정지위치에 정지하게 되고, 연속동작신호가 발생되면 일 회전을 더 계속한 후 정지위치에 정지하게 되며, 정지위치가 아닌 각도에서 일정한 시간 이상 정지하고 있으면 미리 정한 각도만큼 역회전한 후에 다시 정회전되도록 한 것이다.
Patent KR-19990085190-A (KR)
Title: 항균제 조성물 및 이를 이용한 건축물 내장재
IPC: A01N59/00
Filed: 1998-05-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 항균제를 원료에 배합하여 건축물 내장재를 성형함으로 욕실이나, 주방등 항균기능이 필요한 장소나 용도에 적합하게 설치될 수 있도록 한 항균제 조성물 및 이를 이용한 건축물 내장재에 관한 것으로, 합성 제오라이트를 구성하는 Ag 2 O 3 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 의 항균재료 5％; 코팅 파우더 10％; 투명 수지 용매(M 702 Resin)20％; 겔 코팅제 5％; 및 보강 충진제 60％를 배합하여 형성됨을 특징으로 하며, 또한 일정 형상을 유지하는 보강용 조립재; 상기 조립재의 외표면에 고른 두께 폭을 유지하도록 스프레이 도포되는 항균제층; 및 상기 항균제층의 외표면에 표면 보호막의 기능이 가능할 수 있도록 덧씌움처리되는 젤 코팅층이 일체화됨도 그 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20000002864-A (KR)
Title: Remote supervision and control method of multiple solar photovoltaic power generation system
Inventor: LEE MANG EUN
IPC: G06Q99/00
Filed: 1998-06-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A remote supervision and control method of a multiple solar photovoltaic power generation system are provided to allow a central main computer to supervise and control solar photovoltaic power generation systems in each region. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of solar photovoltaic power generation systems are connected by all-purpose communication lines to organize a network. A driving state of each generation system is supervised by a central control system of a remote region therefrom. A variety of data are collected and treated from each of the generation systems to display the data in a display device of the central control computer system. Thereby, a judgment ground for optimally controlling a solar photovoltaic power generation system is secured to perform remote control of the system depending upon it.
Patent KR-20000004451-A (KR)
Title: Decoding device and method of serial data transferred at high speed
Inventor: KIM KWAN YOUNG
IPC: H04L7/00
Filed: 1998-06-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: Device and method for accurately decoding serial data(SD) transferred at high speed are provided. CONSTITUTION: A data division part(10) divides SD into odd data and even data, and outputs them. The division part performs an exclusive OR process about the SD and strobe(ST) which is transferred with the SD, and generates a first clock signal(CK1). A serial/parallel conversion part(20) generates a recover clock signal(RCK) by compensating a distortion of the first clock signal, converts the serial odd and even data to parallel data in response to the recover clock signal, and outputs the converted parallel data. Several channels(32, 34,..., 36) writes the parallel data or reads the written parallel data as the decoded data. A channel control part(40) generates a writing control signal and a reading control signal in response to the first clock signal. Therefore, serial data which is transferred at high speed of 400Mbps can be decoded accurately and without any loss.
Patent KR-20000009516-A (KR)
Title: Fried fish paste manufacturing device
Inventor: SEO SOON JONG
IPC: A23L17/00
Filed: 1998-07-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fried fish paste manufacturing device for evenly frying fish paste extruded from a fish paste forming machine and dropped into a frying machine and for reducing the installation space thereof by using an automated oil removing process of the fried fish paste is provided. CONSTITUTION: The fish ham extruded from the fish paste forming machine(1) is dropped into the frying machine(2). A zigzag type frying path(21) is formed on the frying machine(2) by a separating panel(22). Oil passing holes(24, 24') are formed on the bottom(23) of frontal end and tail end of the frying path(21) and connected to a circulation inducing pipe having a heating portion installed thereon a heater. A moving conveyer(3) made of Teflon coating cloth is installed on the frontal end of the frying path(21). A sinking rotation body(4) having drawing rods on main walls made of many supporting rods is installed in the middle position of the frying path(21). An oil remover(5) having an oil removing room formed by supporting rods(51) and having a folded supporting portion(54) is installed on one external end of the frying path(21). A discharging panel(6) is located between the oil remover(5) and a receiving tub(7) having many air holes.
Patent KR-20000012857-A (KR)
Title: Hydraulic type automatic buffering hinge
Inventor: CHANG JONG BOK
IPC: E05D7/14
Filed: 1998-08-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hydraulic typed automatic buffering hinge is provided to minimize the damage of assets and of lives by maximally reducing to spread the flame by automatically closing a door when the temperature is risen over a certain temperature by generating the fire. CONSTITUTION: The hydraulic typed automatic buffering hinge is control the hydraulic pressure by; installing a needle valve(32)(32a) pressed by a coil spring(31)(31a) in a control bolt(30)(30a) in a passage(20) and in a oil drain hole(22); buffering by forming a large passage by opening a needle valve(32)(32a) when a shocking hydraulic pressure is generated inside a cylinder; operating the needle valve(32)(32a) in a right position when the hydraulic operation is uniform; slowly closing the door by the needle valve(32)(32a) in the end of the door closing.
Patent KR-20000013115-A (KR)
Title: Management method & device of semiconductor wafer
Inventor: KANG KYU BYONG
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 1998-08-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A management method and device of semiconductor wafer are provided to automate the management of a wafer which is used to be formed by hand. That is, they form a specific figure on the surface of the wafer, and automates wafer management by detecting this figure afterwards. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of: forming a specific figure through engraving fabrication in a position on wafer where the pattern of a semiconductor device is not formed; inspecting the light by applying an LED device to the wafer where a specific figure has been formed; detecting the inspected light; and coding the detected light through processing it with an electric signal. Thus, with the use of coded data, wafer management can be automated.
Patent KR-20000015033-A (KR)
Title: Computer system having a hot key for an user password identification and password identifying method
Inventor: LEE GIL-MU
IPC: G06F9/06
Filed: 1998-08-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A computer system is provided to identify a user password by a hot key. CONSTITUTION: The computer system comprises: a display device for outputting a hot key for calling a user password identification function and a called image information; a key board controller(124) for generating a first system management interrupt(SM11) in response to an input of the hot key; and a bios(130) for controlling the display device in response to the first system management interrupt(SM11) so as to display the image information, locking a plurality of first input devices(120, 144), and outputting a locking information for the plural input devices to the key board controller, wherein the key board controller(124) locks a plurality of second input devices(136, 138, 140) in response to the locking state information, checks whether an inputted password is identical to at least one user password, unlocks the second input devices when the inputted password is identical to the user password, and generates a second system management interrupt(SM12) of the bias so as to unlock the first input devices.
Patent KR-19990029442-A (KR)
Title: 전자 워터마크 정보를 기록 및 재생하기 위한 방법 및 장치와 기록 매체
IPC: H04N5/913
Filed: 1998-09-02
Abstract: 기록 매체 상에 전자 워터마크 정보가 삽입된 비디오 신호의 기록시, 워터마크 정보와는 다르게 형성된 기준 신호가 비디오 신호에 삽입된다.  비디오 신호의 재생시, 기준 신호에 기초하여 워터마크 정보의 휘도가 변경된다.
Patent KR-20000018651-A (KR)
Title: Water supply valve of washing machine
Inventor: CHO KYUNG WON
IPC: D06F39/08
Filed: 1998-09-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A water supply valve is provided to offer the contracting reserved rate for the expansion of volume according to the shape change of water by making an expanding space in a plunger housing among a water supply valve composing components of a washing machine. CONSTITUTION: A water supply valve is equipped: an inlet P1 to accept the water supplied by the water pressure; an outlet P2 to form a balance with the water pressure of the inlet by leading the water flowed in from the inlet P1 again; a diaphragm(15) to divide the inlet and the outlet; a device to convert the current of water to an exit by enlarging the water pressure of the inlet by breaking the water pressure balance between the inlet P1 and the outlet P2 with a solenoid; a plunger housing(30) equipped an expanding face(31) of double width to guide the operation of the diaphragm(15).
Patent KR-19980087679-A (KR)
Title: 도장면에 누유되어도 도장면의 외관 및 도막성능에 결함이 발생하지 않는 유압작동유
Filed: 1998-09-07
Abstract: 상기의 식별자가 없습니다.
Patent KR-19990076496-A (KR)
Title: 셔블 기계용 버켓 구조
IPC: E02F3/80
Filed: 1998-09-10
Abstract: 셔블 기계의 버켓 본체 앞끝단 가장자리에 부설하는 장착날부재의 대향 앞끝단 테두리와 버켓 본체 앞끝단 테두리 사이의 대향 틈새(C)를 은폐하는 셔블 기계용 버켓 구조를 제공하는 것임. 
     셔블 본체(A)의 앞끝단 테두리의 소정위치에 형성된 걸어맞춤부(1A)에 장착날부재(2)의 걸어맞춤부(2A)를 걸어맞춤 고정하여 버켓 본체(A)의 앞끝단 테두리에 장착날부재(2)를 연이어 설치한 상태로 부설하는 셔블 기계용 버켓 구조로서, 상기 장착날부재(2)의 걸어맞춤부(2A)의 측부의 대향 앞끝단 테두리와, 상기 버켓 본체(A)의 걸어맞춤부(1A) 측부의 앞끝단 테두리와의 대향 틈새(C)를 은폐하는 은폐판부(3)를 상기 장착날부재(2)의 상,하면 혹은 한쪽면에 설치한 셔블 기계용 버켓 구조.
Patent KR-20000021287-A (KR)
Title: Method for forming barrier metal layer of metal contact
Inventor: KIM HYUN SEUNG
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1998-09-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a barrier metal layer of a metal contact is provided to form and improve an in-situ barrier metal layer for a short time, without additional equipment. CONSTITUTION: A method for forming a barrier metal layer comprising the steps of: depositing a TiN layer on a contact hole for a metal contact; and thermally treating the resultant and filling in gaps of the TiN layer by depositing a Ti layer on the TiN layer. The thermal treating and filling step are performed in a deposition chamber which is same with a chamber used at the TiN layer depositing step, or the thermal treating and filling step are performed in a chamber which is different from the chamber used at the TiN layer depositing step without vacuum break, with in-situ process.
Patent KR-20000027026-A (KR)
Title: Sprayer
Inventor: SONG YOUNG KEUN
IPC: B05B11/00
Filed: 1998-10-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sprayer having a trigger-typed grip is provided to spout a jet of water in various forms to have the maximum jetting efficiency according to a jetting part, to use the jetted amount of water by simply changing with a lever, and to have the wearing feeling and the firmness. CONSTITUTION: Water inputted through an inlet pipe of a body(1) is jetted by penetrating jetting slots(43)(44)(45) with the pulling of a trigger(20) after fixing a hose extended from a tap in the inlet(2). When the trigger(20) held in a hand is pulled with a finger, water is jetted to jetting slots(43)(44)(45) of a rotating jetting pipe(40) by penetrating a gap of a valve sheet(26) by retreating a valve bar(23) with a hanging cut part(21) hung in a hanging sill(24) of the valve bar(23). If a lever(10) is rotated when the trigger(20) is pulled, the trigger(20) is fixed by inserting a cylindrical face(14) in an arriving groove of pin(21) of the trigger(20). And the jetted amount of water is reduced by minutely maintaining the interval of valve bar(23) and a valve sheet(25) in the state half-hung a second face(13) of a control pin(11) in the arriving groove of pin(22).
Patent KR-20000027404-A (KR)
Title: Method for manufacturing semiconductor memory device
Inventor: LEE WON CHEOL
IPC: H01L27/108
Filed: 1998-10-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor memory device is provided to basically prevent short circuit between contacts and a polysilicon layer by simultaneously forming contact patterns. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor memory device comprises a step of forming a conductive layer and a mask layer, a step defining word lines, a bit line contact area and a storage node contact area, a step of forming spacers, a step of etching an insulating film, a step of selectively removing the mask layer, a step of removing the conductive layer and a gate oxide film, and a step of forming conductive plugs. The word lines are formed by patterning the mask layer and the conductive layer. The spacers are formed on the side of a conductive layer pattern patterned by etching the insulation film. The plugs are formed on the bit line contact area and storage node contact area.
Patent KR-20000028067-A (KR)
Title: Method for selecting sound mode of tv when headphone is used
Inventor: CHO HWANG RAE
IPC: H04N5/60
Filed: 1998-10-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for selecting a sound mode of TV when a headphone is used is provided to select and memorize a sound mode when a broadcasting signal of a dual mode is listened using a headphone to improve user's convenience. CONSTITUTION: A method for selecting a sound mode of TV when a headphone is used includes four steps. A first step is to judge whether a sound output mode for user to want is a headphone mode or not when TV is on by user's selection. A second step is to input a sound mode key to select a mode like as a dual/a stereo/a mono and so on when user's selection is a headphone output. A third step is to transform a sound mode between a stereo ↔ a mono and a dual I ↔a dual II and store when a sound mode key is inputted to select the sound mode. A fourth step is to judge whether a mode transformation is achieved or not until a transformation of the sound mode is completed and maintain a sound pilot recognition state when the sound mode is not selected by user and output with a stored sound mode when the sound mode is selected and a headphone output is selected by user.
Patent KR-20000032042-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: LEE CHANG HUN
IPC: G02F1/1343
Filed: 1998-11-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display device is provide in order not to generate a side crosstalk from a large substrate but to be able for single-scanning; in order not to decrease a maintaining capacity but to increase an aperture efficiency; and in order to have the pad structure for rising up the confidentiality checking a substrate. CONSTITUTION: A preparation for the driving liquid crystal display device of the transverse (electric) field consists of the following process: A gate wire, the gate pad, etc., the gate wire are formed with the double layer of chrome layer/aluminum-neodymium layer on an insulation substrate, and the distributing wire of the gate is covered by the gate insulation layer; a semi-conductor layer is formed on the top of the gate wire over the gate insulation layer, and in succession data wire, data pad, electrode wire of the pixel, and pixel electrode are formed; the insulation layer between the layers from 2,000 to 4,500 angstrom of thickness is covered, and a common electrode is formed with a double layer that is made by a chrome/ITO layer on the insulation layer between layers; the maintenance capacitor is formed between the common electrode wire and the pixel electrode wire through duplicating them; and the pattern in the gate pad section is formed with double layer which is same as to the common electrode wire in the top of the gate pad.
Patent KR-20000034467-A (KR)
Title: Encoder using vestigial sideband method for digital television receiver
Inventor: PARK YOUNG ROK
IPC: H04N7/015
Filed: 1998-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An encoder using vestigial sideband method for digital television receiver is provided to determine an input bit as an eraser according to the status of channel of the television receiver to improve decoding capability. CONSTITUTION: An encoder using vestigial sideband method for digital television receiver includes an equalizer(204'), a channel status detector(300), and a viterbi decoder(206'). The digital television receiver receives a broadcasting signal of predetermined channel, decodes, and corrects an error. The digital television receiver decodes a video data and an audio data by way of a source decoding. The equalizer detects a synchronous error and compensates for the channel characteristics. The channel status detector compares the synchronous error from the equalizer and determines the channel status. The viterbi decoder processes the data from the equalizer by using an eraser or a viterbi algorithm.
Patent KR-20000039193-A (KR)
Title: Workstation cluster video server and its file management method
Inventor: SON YOUNG SUNG
IPC: G06T1/00
Filed: 1998-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A management method of workstation cluster video server and its files is provided to make total workstations used effectively in needs of a data request of a user by dispersing and storing data. CONSTITUTION: A management method of files is made in a connected workstation of workstation cluster video server. When the server starts to operate, the connected workstation measures and records performances of each system. By using performance information, a performance table of workstations is written. And new data is dispersed and stored according to the performance of each workstation. If the user requests new data, the connected workstation transmits requested packet after dispersing.
Patent KR-19990063080-A (KR)
IPC: C07D307/33
Filed: 1998-12-15
Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing (R)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone from its enantiomer, (S)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone. The (R)-enantiomer can be advantageously utilised in several organic synthesis and industrial processes, such as e.g. GABOB and (R)-carnitine preparation.
Patent KR-20000040878-A (KR)
Title: Television system receiving satellite broadcasting signal
Inventor: PARK JOO DEOK
IPC: H04N7/20
Filed: 1998-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A television system receiving satellite broadcasting signal is provided to determine the region that a user belongs to, and to display the information on the region when the information is provided in satellite broadcasting signals in other areas. CONSTITUTION: A television system receiving satellite broadcasting signal includes a BS tuner(90A), a video/audio signal processor(40A), an OSD(50A), a memory(100), a text recognizer, and a microcomputer(20A). The BS tuner(90A) separates the video/audio signals. The video/audio signal processor(40A) processes the video and audio signals and outputs the results through a monitor and a speaker, respectively. The OSD(50A) displays OSD text on the video signal. The memory detects the text from the video signal from the BS tuner(90A) and stores the OSD text. The text recognizer determines whether any information on the region of the user exists in the OSD text. The microcomputer(20A) displays the OSD text including the information on the region of the user.
Patent KR-20000041422-A (KR)
Title: Detect method of polish ending point and chemical mechanical polishing apparatus using the method
Inventor: PARK HYEONG SUN
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 1998-12-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for exactly detecting a polish ending point by using a diffused reflection of light on a wafer surface and a chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) apparatus using the detect method are provided. CONSTITUTION: To exactly detect a polish ending point, light is projected on a target of polish during a chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process, and then a reflected light from the target is measured. A rough surface of the target before the CMP process will be turned into a flat surface as the CMP process progresses. Consequently, strength of the reflected light is gradually increased. Finally, strength of the reflected light reaches constant values so the surface of the target becomes flat. Accordingly, the ending point can be exactly detected from the time when the light is uniformly reflected. A wafer(10) having the target thereon is mounted on a polish table(32) and rotated by a supporter(33). Light generated from a light source(40) is incident on the wafer(10) and then reflected to a detector(20). The detector(20) sends a signal to an analyzer(60) via an amplifier(50), and the analyzer(60) transmits an analysis data to a monitor(70) and a motor(90) via a feedback system(80). According to the data, the motor(90) stops a rotation of the supporter(33) at the ending point.
Patent KR-20000043121-A (KR)
Title: Structure of installing impact beam of vehicle
Inventor: LEE KYEONG ROK
IPC: B60R19/48
Filed: 1998-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An installation structure of an impact beam of a vehicle is provided to elevate safety of passengers and to protect a vehicle body by absorbing shock energy effectively in a collision of a vehicle by improving the installation structure of an impact beam of a bumper to a pin jointing structure. CONSTITUTION: One end of an impact beam(10) receives rotational force by centering on a pin(60) against the shock from outside. A rolling guide(72) is installed in a longitudinal member(50B) as a side rolling piece(70) to be cope with the bending amount of the impact beam bent in a collision of a vehicle. Many rollers(74) are embedded in the rolling guide to be able to roll. A roller support stand(76) is included in the rolling guide to support the rollers to be rotatable. The roller support stand is connected to a pin bracket(56) of another impact beam installed on the other end of the impact beam. The other end of the impact beam received rotational force by centering on a pin(80) against the shock from outside and receives rectilinear movement by the rolling of the roller.
Patent KR-19990044065-A (KR)
Title: 밀봉 부재
IPC: H02G15/18
Filed: 1996-08-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 가늘고 긴 물품(즉, 케이블) 주위를 나선형으로 감을 수 있는 밀봉 부재가 밀봉 물질(3)로 구성된 스트립(예를 들면, 겔 밀봉 물질) 및 밀봉 물질(3)로 구성된 스트립에 인접하여 위치하고, 밀봉 물질(3)의 종방향 에지부(7)의 측면으로 연장되는 적어도 하나의 그립핑 엘리먼트열(5)을 포함하는 밀봉 부재(1)에 관한 것이다.  사용시 그립핑 엘리먼트(5)는 밀봉 부재(1)로 하여금 그 주위를 나선형으로 감을 가늘고 긴 물품을 그립핑하도록 한다.  이 밀봉 부재(1)는 밀봉 물질(3)과 각각의 그립핑 엘리먼트열(5)이 부착되는 지지용 스트립을 포함한다.
Patent KR-19990064042-A (KR)
Title: 측쇄형 블록 에틸렌 중합체, 이의 제조방법및 이를 포함하는조성물
IPC: C08L71/12
Filed: 1996-07-25
Abstract: 협소한 에틸렌 중합체, 에틸렌계 불포화 관능화된 유기 화합물 및 반응성 열가소성 중합체로부터 제조되는 측쇄형 블록 에틸렌 중합체 및 이의 제조방법은 충격 개질된 에틸렌 중합체를 제조하는데 유용하다.