baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-753526-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the alcoholysis of esters
Filed: 1953-11-24
Abstract: <PICT:0753526/IV(a)/1> A continuous process for substantially completing an ester interchange between esters of volatile alcohols, e.g. dimethyl terephthalate, and an excess of a relatively difficultly volatile alcohol, e.g. ethylene glycol, with simultaneous removal of the liberated volatile alcohol, comprises introducing the reactants in substantially equivalent amounts into a reaction zone which contains an excess of the relatively difficultly volatile alcohol, separating the said relatively difficultly volatile alcohol continuously from the reaction products leaving the reaction zone, and maintaining the desired excess of the relatively difficultly volatile alcohol in the reaction zone by continuously returning said separated alcohol into the reaction zone.  The invention is described by reference to the ester interchange between dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol carried out in the apparatus shown in the accompanying Figure.  Before the reaction in the column 4 is started it is filled with sufficient ethylene glycol to give the desired ratio of free ethylene glycol to terephthalic acid radicals. Separate streams of reactants in a ratio of 1.7-2.1 mols. of ethylene glycol per mol. of dimethyl terephthalate, preferably preheated to the temperature of feed-plate 3, entering through tubes 1 and 2 are fed into the upper part of the bubblecap column so that there is essentially a rectifying section above the feed-plate and a reacting and rectifying section below, with the upper section containing appreciably fewer plates than the lower.  A catalyst such as lead oxide, sodium alcoholate, potassium or beryllium metal, or a mixture of lithium hydride, zinc acetate and antimony oxide is preferably added to one or other of the feed streams. Superimposed on the column is a partial condenser 5, controlling the temperature of the vapour takeoff proceeding to the total condenser 6 from which a liquor rich in methanol is obtained.  The hold-up in the column is adjusted so that a minimum time (usually 1/2 to 4 hours) is required for the reactants to be processed in the column and to produce at outlet 7 the desired bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate or a low molecular weight polymer thereof.  A heating medium such as para-cymene or a mixture of diphenyl and diphenyl oxide is supplied to the heating-coil 8 in the reboiler 9 so as to maintain a reflux having a ratio of mols. of ethylene glycol to mols. of terephthalic acid radicals in the range of 3-10 and preferably 4 to 7.  Equilibrium conditions are maintained by removing the product (calculated as terephthalic acid radicals) at 7 at the same rate in mols. per hour as the dimethyl terephthalate is fed, and similarly for the glycol radicals.  The product obtained contains less than 1 per cent unreacted dimethyl terephthalate and is used for polymerization to polyethylene terephthalate.  An example details the process described above.  Specifications 578,079, [Group IV], and 729,803 are referred to.
Patent GB-1512582-A (GB)
Title: Corrosion protection of objects in contact with an electrically conducting medium
IPC: C23F13/00
Filed: 1976-08-05
Abstract: 1512582 Corosion protection by anodic polarization VG MOISA and VS KUZUB 5 Aug 1976 32649/76 Heading C7E In a method of corrosion protection of an object by anodic polarization of the object, a polarizing current is passed between an auxiliary electrode (cathode) and the object (anode) only when the potential of the object falls below a prescribed lower limit, the auxiliary electrode being shorted out by the object when the supply of polarizing current is discontinued. In the Figure, object 1 containing a conducting medium (e.g. H 2 SO 4  or NH 4 OH) is provided with a reference electrode 3 and auxiliary electrode 6. If the potential of object 1 is below the minimum for passivation, the signal ,from electrode 3, is amplified at 5 switching on relay 7 and connecting rectifier 9, via make contacts 8, to auxiliary electrode 6 and object 1. As the potential of the object reaches the upper limit, the relay 7 discontinues the supply of current to rectifier 9 and connects the electrode through break contacts 10 to object 1. The reference electrode 3 may be a calomel, chlorine-silver or mercury-sulphate electrode, and electrode 6 may be platinized metal or graphite.
Patent GB-987273-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to building constructions
IPC: E04B2/74
Filed: 1962-08-24
Abstract: 987,273. Partitions. D. S. HALBOSTAD. Aug. 24, 1962, No. 32698/62. Heading E1V. Partition panels, comprising aluminium sheets 6 on a rectangular channel sectioned aluminium frame 2, 3, 4, 5, are held in spaced apart relation to form a partition extending between structural walls by elongated wedge members 13 urged against bearing surfaces 15 by screws 17 in trimming members 18. A lath 16 secured to one or both vertical edges of each panel provides the bearing surface or in an embodiment the surface is formed in the channel member 4. The wedge members are bevelled on two opposite sides when used between two bearing surfaces 15. Threaded bolts 9 hold each panel between floor and ceiling laths 8, 10 and the panels may be filled with insulating material 7. A junction between four panels is described.
Patent GB-266680-A (GB)
IPC: C10J1/213
Filed: 1926-12-24
Abstract: 266,680. Humphreys & Glasgow, Ltd., (Assignees of Terzian, H. G.). March 1, 1926, [Convention date]. Carburetting. - The carburettor 3 in a water gas plant contains a pier 14 around which is an annular space 5, blast gases and water gas being alternately supplied through an inlet 7, combustion products and carburetted water gas alternately leaving through an inlet 11, oil being sprayed from a pipe 6 and ,secondary air being supplied during the blow period through pipe 10 and inlets 8. The oil is sprayed clear of the top of the pier so as to preserve a hot spot at this place and the hollow pier serves to preheat the air blast. During the steaming period steam may be preheated by passage through the pier 14 and passed through the pipe 7 downwards through the producer. In modifications, the pier may be solid or made of chequer-brick, the secondary air being admitted into the pipe 7, or the annular space 5 may contain chequer-brick.
Patent GB-886340-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to transistors
IPC: H03K17/56
Filed: 1960-09-23
Abstract: 886,340. Transistors. SIEMENS & HALSKE A.G. Sept. 23, 1960 [Sept. 25, 1959], No. 32748/60. Class 37. A transistor comprises a semi-conductor body with alloyed emitter and collector electrodes on respective parts of opposite surfaces, the carrier lifetime of the material being longer in the base region between the emitter and collector electrodes than in portions remote from this region. This may be achieved as shown in Fig. 1 by alloying a copper or nickel annular base electrode 2 to the periphery of the semi-conductor body 1 to provide recombination centres in that portion of the base zone adjacent the base electrode. Emitter 3 and collector 4 are provided by alloying indium to the N-type germanium body 1. Alternatively, the whole semi-conductor body may first be provided with a uniform distribution of recombination centres produced by a suitable impurity and the material and alloying process used to provide the emitter and collector electrodes being such that the recombination centre forming impurity is absorbed from the body into the metallic portion of the electrode so providing a longer lifetime region between these two electrodes. The emitter and collector electrodes may be provided by an indium-gallium alloy or a tin-antimony alloy used with P-type germanium. The invention reduces the relaxation time in switching operations. The thickness of the base layer may be 10 to 50 Á.
Patent GB-1120945-A (GB)
Title: Applicator in combination with a pressurised aerosol dispensing container
Inventor: ALSOP RANULPH MICHAEL
IPC: B65D83/14
Filed: 1964-08-11
Abstract: 1,120,945. Pressurized dispensing containers. FISONS PHARMACEUTICALS Ltd. July 19, 1965 [Aug. 11, 1964], No. 32762/64. Heading F1R. In an inhaler using a pressurized aerosol dispensing container, the container 1 is mounted in a tubular housing 3 and movable relative to the housing by means of a manually operable button 6 to operate the dispensing valve and provide a passage for air through the mouthpiece 4. The housing 3 is provided with a circumferential projection 11 which seals against the container wall to prevent air entering the mouthpiece 4 via air holes 15 until the container valve stem 2 is depressed. In a further embodiment, Fig. 3 (not shown), grooves (13) in the button (6) provide access for air when the button is operated to actuate the dispensing valve. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 994, 755.
Patent GB-860911-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of pure trialkyl borates
IPC: C07F5/04
Filed: 1959-09-28
Abstract: A pure trialkyl borate ester, the alkyl groups of which have from one to four carbon atoms, is prepared by reacting boric oxide with an alkyl silicate at a temperature greater than room temperature, the alkyl groups of which are those desired in the borate.  Suitably, the boric oxide and alkyl silicate are refluxed in an inert solvent, and the alkyl borate ester is subsequently distilled out.  The solvent may be, for example, benzene, toluene, xylene or decane.  The preparations of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl borates are exemplified.
Patent GB-994511-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rubber hose
Inventor: ROSS JOHN ALEXANDER
IPC: B29D23/00
Filed: 1961-09-13
Abstract: 994,511. Hoses. BTR INDUSTRIES Ltd. Sept. 12, 1962 [Sept. 13, 1961], No. 32827/61. Heading F2P. A hose comprises an inner lining of highdensity polyethylene coated on its outer surface with either a layer of low density polyethylene which is enveloped by a textile material of which one side is impregnated with a low density polyethylene and the other side is coated with an agent which bonds it to the rubber surface of the surrounding outer layer of the hose, or a layer comprising a mixture of low-density polyethylene and rubber which binds the lining directly to the rubber of the surrounding outer layer of the hose. The outer layers of the hose may be of plasticized polyvinyl chloride, polychloroprene; silicone rubber, vinylidene fluoride-perfluoropropylene-copolymer, polybutadiene, GRS or SBR rubber, acrylo-nitile butadiene copolymer, isobutyleneisoprene copolymer, polysulphide, halogenated butyl polyisoprene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and blends of these rubbers or blends of these rubbers with natural or synthetic resins. The textile material may be in leno, mock-leno, scrim, mull, net or corded fabric form, preferably woven or knitted, and of sufficiently open structure to allow partial impregnation by the molten low density polyethylene. Non-woven fabric may also be used. The fabric may be made of cotton, nylon, polyethylene teraphthalate, glass or rayon, preferably in staple form although the material may be in mixed continuous filament and staple form. Several examples of the production of the hose are described, the layers being applied to a mandrel in the form of sleeves or by spiral winding.
Patent GB-317683-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in wire bending machine
IPC: B21F1/00
Filed: 1928-11-09
Abstract: 317,683. Dehn. F. B., (Fuller Brush Co.). Nov. 9, 1928. Making wire articles; bending- formers. - In a machine for bending wire in the formation of mops &c., the article is received in a member which places it between a pair of spaced formers carried by a rotary feeder and then bends it round one of the formers thereon, the bender being then rotated about the other dormer to complete the bend. The ends of the wire part 33 of the mop 34 are received in recesses in the ends of cam-operated levers 57, 58 and are fed thereby against spring-mounted positioning pins 32 on members 28, which carry end-benders 31. These members, which are carried by shafts 29, are now moved vertically by a cam-operated lever to place the wire 33 between formers 27 on the end of shafts 20 and former arms 26 carried thereby, the pins 32 being pressed down against the action of their springs. The members 28 are now oscillated by pinions 35 and racks 37 reciprocated by cam-operated levers to bend the ends of the wire round the formers 26, the bent ends being received in recesses in retainers 56. In order to bend the wire into the form shown in Fig. 7, the shafts 20 carrying the arms 26 are rotatably mounted in blocks 21 slidable in slots 22 in the framing, are provided with pinions 23 engaging fixed racks 25, and have at their upper ends arms 18 loosely connected by studs 19 to blocks 17 slidable in slots 16 in intermeshing gears 14, 15 which are oscillated by a rack 39 reciprocated by a cam-operated lever. Oscillation of the gears 14, 15 swings the arms 26 in opposite directions about their shafts, which are also traversed along the slots 22 so as to complete the bend round the former 27. An ejector 51 secured to a shaft 52 moved by a cam-operated lever 54 now removes the work from the formers.
Patent GB-955920-A (GB)
Title: Torque limiting mechanism
IPC: F16D7/02
Filed: 1962-08-27
Abstract: 955,920. Slip couplings. DODGE MANUFACTURING CORPORATION. Aug. 27, 1962 [Oct. 30, 1961], No. 32838/62. Heading F2U. A slip coupling, shown applied to a sprocket wheel, comprises a central sprocket disc 40 mounted between pressure discs 46, 48 lined with friction material 54, 56, the discs being adjustably pressed into engagement by a circumferential series of screws 66 carried by a spring disc or spider 60 screwed on to the hub 30. Discs 46, 48 are splined on the hub 30, and disc 46 bears against lugs 58 at the end of the hub. The spring disc 60 may be provided with two or more series of holes 72, 74 for the screws 66 to increase the range of adjustment, and the screws may be fitted with lock nuts. Alternatively, the disc 60 may be slid over the hub and retained by a snap-ring.
Patent GB-1077216-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of compounds having imido-chloride groupings
Inventor: ZECHER WILFRIED
IPC: C07D207/22
Filed: 1964-08-12
Abstract: Organic compounds containing the imido chloride grouping <FORM:1077216/C2/1> are prepared by contacting with chlorine in the gas phase at a temperature from 200 DEG  to 500 DEG C. a carbamic acid chloride of the formula <FORM:1077216/C2/2> wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or chloroalkyl group, R2 and R3 represent H or Cl, R4 represents an alkyl, chloroalkyl or aryl group or R1 and R4 may form, together with the C-atom and the N-atom a heterocyclic ring system, and recovering the formed imido chloride compound from the chlorination mixture.  In a modification of the process the carbamic acid chloride is initially contacted with chlorine at a temperature from 50-150 DEG  C. and the resulting chlorinated carbamic acid chloride is further contacted with chlorine in the gas phase at a temperature from 200-500 DEG  C.  The chlorination may be performed in the presence of a catalyst.
Patent GB-413184-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rotatable supporting wing arrangements for aircraft
IPC: B64C27/18
Filed: 1933-11-24
Abstract: 413,184. Propelling aircraft. DORNIER, C., Friedrichshafen, Germany. Nov. 24, 1933, No. 32944. Convention date, Feb. 2. [Class 4.] In helicopters in which the blades are driven by the reaction effect of a driving medium issuing from nozzles at the tips of the blades, the nozzles are arranged rotatably about the longitudinal axis of the blade. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the reaction nozzles 4, 5 are rotatably mounted at the wing tips and are connected to shafts 8, 9 having bevel wheels 10, 11 gearing with a bevel wheel on the shaft 13. In operation, the shaft 13 is rotated at the same speed as the wings to maintain the nozzles in their tangential positions, decrease or increase of the speed of the shaft 13 relatively to the wing causing a rotation of the nozzles about their axes and serves as a means of controlling their angular position. In a modification, the shafts 8, 9 are replaced by a single shaft having a bevel wheel engaging with the bevel wheel on the shaft 13 so that any rotation of the nozzles causes them to move out of the plane of the wing in opposite directions. Fig. 7 shows an arrangement whereby the nozzles may be turned in any direction independently of one another. A shaft 28 and sleeve 23 are provided with toothed quadrants 27, 22 gearing with bevel gears 26, 21 on the shafts 25, 20 of the nozzles 24, 19.
Patent GB-1055380-A (GB)
Title: Gas turbine engine
Inventor: ANLEY DONALD MAYNARD
IPC: B64C29/00
Filed: 1965-08-02
Abstract: 1,055,380. Gas turbine engines. ROLLSROYCE Ltd. Aug. 2, 1965, No.33024/65. Heading F1G. A gas turbine engine is provided with a tube by which air may be directed on to the blades of a bladed rotor thereof for starting the engine, the tube terminating adjacent the radially inner ends of the nozzle guide vanes of the turbine and directing the air on to the blades with a radially outwards component of velocity. The invention is described with reference to a vertical lift gas turbine engine, the air for starting being derived from the compressor of a forward propulsion gas turbine jet engine with which the vertical lift engine is associated. Part of the vertical lift engine is shown in Fig. 2, the outlet guide vanes of the compressor being indicated at 30, the combustion equipment 28 being defined by inner and outer annular flame tube walls 27, 26 which are disposed between inner and outer air casing walls 25, 24. Gases from the combustion equipment are directed by nozzle guide vanes 31 on to turbine rotor blades 32. The engine is started by directing air under pressure with a radial outward component of velocity from the outlet 35 of duct 34 on to the turbine rotor blades 32 as indicated at 36. The air is supplied through duct 16 and passes radially inwardly through say four compressor outlet guide vanes 30 by means of ducts 38 to a part-annular chamber 37 disposed radially inwardly of the guide vanes. The duct 34 extends from the chamber 37 radially inwardly of the combustion equipment 28 to the outlet 35. The duct is divided at 42 to permit expansion, the parts of the duct at either side of the division being disposed within a sealed chamber 43 so as to prevent leakage.
Patent GB-1380358-A (GB)
Title: Floating wickholder
IPC: F21V37/00
Filed: 1972-07-14
Abstract: 1380358 Floating wick-holder RIZLA Ltd 14 July 1972 33091/72 Heading F4T A floating wick-holder comprises a thin sheet of plastics material 1 formed with at least one channel 2 extending from the central part to the periphery thereof, a wick-retaining recess 4 in the area traversed by the channel and at least one air-tight cavity 3 above the channel or channels and opening to the lower surface of the holder and providing sufficient buoyancy to maintain the channel or channels just submerged in the oil in which the holder is floated. As shown in Fig. 1, two segmental cavities 3 are provided and the channel 2 is a single diametral passage between them widening in the centre to a flat area 5 around the recess 4. In modifications (Figs. 3 and 5, not shown) four segmental cavities or a series of downwardly-open domes are provided and in other modifications (not illustrated) the wick may not be centrallylocated and there may be several wicks. The plastics material may be translucent.
Patent GB-983948-A (GB)
Title: A flow heater
IPC: F28F21/00
Filed: 1963-08-21
Abstract: 983,948. Tube heat exchangers. BERLINER QUARZ-SCHMELZE G.m.b.H. Aug. 21, 1963 [Aug. 28, 1962], No. 33153/63. Heading F4S. [Also in Division B1] A flow heater for glass chemical apparatus comprises a tube having connecting portions 5, 6, and pipes 7, 8, 9, adapted to contain heating means, said tube and pipes being fabricated of quartz of quartz glass as a single piece. As shown in Fig. 2, to which the numerals relate, the connecting portions are ground taper connectors and the pipes are conically coiled 7, 8, and in the form of a flat coil 9. Other illustrated embodiments (not shown) comprise cylindrically coiled pipes which may lie vertically sideby-side, and a double hairpin pipe. The heating means are preferably coiled heating filaments.
Patent GB-1461030-A (GB)
Title: Resilient foamed polymer
IPC: C08J9/02
Filed: 1975-08-08
Abstract: 1461030 Polyurethane foams TOYO RUBBER CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CORP 8 Aug 1975 [15 Aug 1974] 33252/75 Heading C3R Polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a urethane prepolymer, which has been derived from a polyetherpolyol containing 15 to 60% by weight of ethylene oxide, with water which is used in an amount of at least 10% by weight based on the prepolymer. The water may be used as such or in the form of an aqueous latex, aqueous emulsion, aqueous dispersion or aqueous solution and is preferably used in amounts up to 150% by weight based on the prepolymer. In examples the polyol used is a glycerol/ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct optionally in admixture with a glycerol/ propylene oxide adduct. Urea may be included in the reaction system to reduce the gelation time.
Patent GB-680619-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pulse jet engine fuel
IPC: C10L1/16
Filed: 1948-12-24
Abstract: A pulse jet engine fuel, the use of which prolongs the life of the flow check valves of a hydrocarbon base fuel stock, which boils at or below 400 DEG F, and which contains at least 50 per cent by volume of normal paraffins, together with between 0.01 and 5 per cent by volume, based on the fuel, of an organic material chosen from the group of substances mentioned hereinafter dissolved or colloidally suspended in the hydrocarbon base fuel stock, this organic material boiling above 400 DEG F, having a minimum solubility of 0.01 per cent by weight in normal heptane of 0 DEG F, and having a maximum Conrodson carbon of 1 per cent by weight. The organic material is chosen from the group consisting of kerosene, gas oils, white mineral oil, heavy hydrocarbon alkylates, olefinic polymers, polyorganosiloxanes, esters of dibasic acids, acrylic acid polymers, triethanolamine, ethylene oxide polymers, hydrogenated diolefinic polymers, sulphurized olefinic polymers and phosphate esters. Examples of olefinic polymers are polyethylene, polypropylene and polyisobutylene, while the heavy hydrocarbon alkylates may be fractions produced in olefin-paraffin alkylation processes or products formed by the catalytic condensation of ethylene with naphthalene, tetrahydro-naphthalene or other coal tar fractions. Polyorganosiloxanes which may be used include methyl silicone oil, while suitable esters of dibasic esters include those of adipic or sebacic acid, particularly 2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate.  A suitable hydrogenated diolefinic polymer is hydrogenated polybutadiene, while a suitable phosphate ester is tricresyl phosphate.  The hydrocarbon base fuel stock may contain such normal paraffins as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, butane or pentane, but may also contain aromatics such as benzene, toluene or cumene.  The pulse jet engine fuel may also comprise nitro-paraffins, nitro-aromatics, ketones, ethers or alcohols.  A pulse jet engine may be operated with the fuel mixed with oxygen or an oxygen-supplying compound such as peroxide, instead of air. In the examples, a pulse jet engine fuel consists of 10 per cent normal pentane in normal heptane, together with 0.25 or 1 per cent of white mineral oil.  Tests are described in which the pulse jet engine fuel of the examples is compared with a similar fuel from which the white mineral oil has been omitted.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, refers to pulse jet engine fuels consisting of (a) 10 per cent normal pentane and 10 per cent kerosene in normal heptane or (b) 25 per cent normal pentane and 25 per cent normal heptane in kerosene. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.