Patent GB-479847-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the printing of textile materials
Filed: 1936-08-10
Abstract: Printing; vat dyes, dyeing with.--To obtain strong uniform prints or dyeings of good penetration with vat dyestuffs, applied as such or as esters of their leuco compounds, there is incorporated in the printing or padding composition a water-soluble sulphate or sulphate salt of an aliphatic primary or secondary alcohol containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms (or a mixture of such alcohols), free from substituents connected to the hydrocarbon radicle by atoms other than carbon, the hydrocarbon radicle being branched at a distance of not more than 6 carbon atoms from the sulphate group.  Such a mixture of alcohols is, for example, that of boiling point 271--500 DEG  F. obtained as a bye-product in the synthesis of methanol.  Specified individual alcohols are 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl - 1 - pentanol, 2 : 4-dimethyl - 1 - pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 2 : 4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-hexanol, 2 : 4-dimethyl-1-hexanol and 2 : 5-dimethyl-3-hexanol.  An example of the method of sulphonation of the alcohols is given.  The sulphate salt may be of sodium or potassium or of a water-soluble organic base, e.g. a mono-, di- or tri-alkylamine, mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine, the corresponding propanolamines and butanolamines, cyclohexylamine, cyclohexylmono- or di-ethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-butylamine, guanidine, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, 1 : 3 - diamino - 2 - propanol or 1-aminopropanediol.  The printing preparations may also contain, as additional assistants, wetting, dispersing, reducing or emulsifying agents, reduction catalysts, lubricants or diluents, e.g. sodium benzylsulphanilate, isopropylnaphthalenesulphonate, oleate, carbonate or hydrosulphite, diethylene glycol, pine oil, glucose, sucrose, starch, dextrin, formopon, hydroxyalkylamines, sodium formaldehydesulphoxylate, tetrahydronaphthalene, cyclohexanol, glycerol, the free alcohols corresponding to the above sulphates and the carboxylic acids derived from these by oxidation. Specified thickeners for the printing pastes are made by incorporating with a starch--British gum paste (Thickening SBG) potassium carbonate, sodium formaldehydesulphoxylate, glycerol and water (forming Thickeners A and C), or potassium carbonate, caustic soda, glucose and water (forming Thickener B).  In examples of the printing process: (1) an aqueous paste containing Durindone blue 4B, Thickener A and the sodium salt of the sulphate of a mixture of the above alcohols boiling at 271--302 DEG  F. is printed on a lustrous or titanium dioxide delustred rayon fabric and the fabric is dried, aged for 5 minutes at 214 DEG  F., subjected for 1 minute to an aqueous bath at 140 DEG  F. containing sodium bichromate and acetic acid, rinsed, soaped, rinsed and dried; the dyestuff may be replaced by other specified vat dyestuffs; (2) an aqueous paste containing Caledon jade green, Thickener C, and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 320--392 DEG  F. is printed on a fabric containing lustrous and delustred rayon fibres and the colour is developed as in (1); (3) an aqueous paste containing Sulphanthrene orange R, Thickener A, the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 320--392 DEG  F. and sodium hydrosulphite is heated to 150 DEG  F. to reduce the dyestuff partially, cooled and printed on a cotton-viscose fabric and the colour is developed as in (1); (4) an aqueous paste containing Sulphanthrene pink FF, Thickening SBG, potassium carbonate, caustic soda, glycerol, the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 171--302 DEG  F. and sodium hydrosulphite is heated to 180 DEG  F., cooled to 140 DEG  F. with addition of sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate, cooled and printed on a fabric containing cotton, cuprammonium rayon and cellulose acetate fibres and the colour is developed as in (1); (5) an aqueous paste containing Ciba brown R, Thickening SBG, potassium carbonate, caustic soda, glycerol, the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 392--500 DEG  F. and glucose is printed on cotton and rayon fabric and the colour is developed as in (1); (6) an aqueous paste containing Sulphogene fast black CL, Thickener B, glycerol and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. is printed on cotton and viscose fabric and the colour is developed as in (1); (7) an aqueous paste containing Ponsol dark blue BR, Thickener C, and the triethanolamine salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. is printed on a fabric containing silk, lustrous rayon and rayon delustred with barium sulphate and the colour is developed as in (1) except that ageing is effected at 230 DEG  F.; (8) an aqueous paste containing Anthraflavone G, Thickener C, and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 271--302 DEG  F. is printed on a fabric containing cotton, lustrous viscose rayon and viscose rayon delustred with ethyleneglycol-di-b -naphthyl ether and the colour is developed as in (1) except that ageing is effected at 216 DEG  F. for 2 minutes; (9) an aqueous paste containing Caledon jade green, Thickener C, cyclohexanol, tetrahydronaphthalene and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 320--392 DEG  F. is printed on a lustrous or titanium dioxide delustred rayon fabric, and the colour is developed as in (1); (10) an aqueous paste containing Indigosol 04B, starch tragacanth thickening, glycerol, urea, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium bichromate and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. is printed on cotton fabric which is then dried, exposed to vapours from boiling dilute acetic acid, rinsed, soaped, rinsed and dried; (11) an aqueous paste containing Soledon jade green, starch tragacanth thickening, glycerol, sodium chromate and the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 320--392 DEG  F. is printed on cotton fabric which is then dried, exposed to vapours from boiling dilute acetic and formic acids and further treated as in (10).  In further examples of the preparation of suitable dyestuff compositions: (12) a mixture of Durindone blue 4B paste with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 271--302 DEG  F. is evaporated to obtain a paste suitable for handling in commerce; (13) a mixture of Sulphanthrene orange R press cake with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. and sodium anthraquinone-2-sulphonate is similarly evaporated; (14) a mixture of Ponsol blue GD dry press cake with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. is milled for 3 hours; (15) a mixture of Sulphanthrene pink FF with the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 392--500 DEG  F., sodium 2 : 2<1> - dinaphthylmethane - 7 : 7<1> - disulphonate and ferric sulphate is milled; (16) a mixture of Ponsol dark blue BR paste with the triethanolamine salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 320--392 DEG  F. is evaporated; (17) a mixture of Ponsol blue BCS double paste with the triethanolamine salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 392--500 DEG  F. and triethanolamine is evaporated; (18) a mixture of Soledon jade green paste with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of the sulphate of the alcohol fraction boiling at 302--320 DEG  F. is evaporated.  Specification 439,114 is referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the use, in printing or padding with vat dyes, of any water-soluble sulphate of an alcohol containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms so arranged that the radicle next to the sulphate group does not form a straight chain of more than six CH2 groups and includes additional examples in which (a) Ponsol yellow G is printed on lustrous and titanium dioxide delustred rayon fabric, the printing paste containing, as assistant, tetrahydronaphthalene sodium sulphonate, glycerol, sodium benzylsulphanilate, diethylene glycol, sucrose, triethanolamine or the free alcohols above referred to; (b) Ponsol brilliant violet 4RN is similarly printed on lustrous and barium sulphate delustred rayon yarn; (c) Indigosol golden yellow IGK is printed on cotton fabric and developed in a bath containing sodium bichromate and sulphuric acid.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.