baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20200105916-A (KR)
Title: 로봇 청소기 및 그의 제어방법
Inventor: SHIN KICHEOL
IPC: A47L9/28
Filed: 2018-12-20
Abstract: 본 발명의 로봇 청소기는, 이동을 위한 구동유닛을 구비하는 본체; 상기 본체에 구비되며, 장애물을 감지하는 장애물 감지 센서; 상기 본체의 기울기 정보를 획득하는 기울기 측정 센서; 장애물이 위치한 지역을 포함하는 위험지역을 기초로 작성된 청소지도가 저장되는 저장유닛; 및 상기 청소지도에 작성된 위험지역을 상기 본체가 회피 주행하며 청소를 수행하는 제어유닛을 포함하고, 상기 제어유닛은, 상기 본체의 기울기 정보에 기반하여, 장애물에 대한 상기 본체의 주행 가능 여부를 판단하고, 상기 장애물이 상기 본체의 주행이 제한되는 장애물로 판단된 경우, 상기 장애물이 포함된 지역을 상기 청소지도에 상기 위험지역으로 매칭시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20200119816-A (KR)
Title: 리소그래피 장치에서의 인시튜 입자 제거를 위한 장치 및 방법
Inventor: BRULS RICHARD JOSEPH
IPC: G03F7/20
Filed: 2019-02-04
Abstract: 정전 척(300)의 근방에 있는 입자를 줄이기 위한 방법 및 시스템이 기술되는데, 세정 레티클 또는 기판(320)이 척에 고정되고, 세정 레티클 또는 기판은, 볼륨 내의 입자(360)를 기판의 표면으로 끌어당기게끔 척으로부터의 전기장이 기판에 통과해서 인접한 볼륨으로 들어갈 수 있도록, 부분적으로 도전성 재료가 없는 표면을 가진다.  척에 공급되는 전압은 입자를 표면으로 끌어당기는 것을 향상시키도록 교번하는 극성을 가질 수 있다.
Patent KR-20200104916-A (KR)
Title: 횡방향 이동의 타당성 검증 방법 및 그 장치
Inventor: SCHLOSSER MARKUS
IPC: G01S13/931
Filed: 2018-11-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 객체(7)의 초기에 알려진 횡방향 이동의 타당성 검증을 위한 방법에 관한 것으로, 이 방법은, 레이더 유닛(2)을 이용하여, 일정한 신호 주파수를 가진 레이더 신호를 송출하고, 일정한 신호 주파수를 가진 레이더 신호의 반사들을 수신하는 단계; 및 일정한 신호 주파수를 가진 반사된 레이더 신호의 스펙트럼 내에서 횡방향 이동에 상응하는 주파수 영역들을 분석하여 객체(7)의 횡방향 이동의 타당성을 검증하는 단계;를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20200106986-A (KR)
Title: 온도에 기초한 빈도로 메모리 시스템의 메모리 셀에 대한 동작 수행
Inventor: RATNAM SAMPATH K
IPC: G06F11/00
Filed: 2019-02-07
Abstract: 메모리 컴포넌트와 관련된 온도가 결정된다. 메모리 컴포넌트와 관련된 메모리 셀에 대한 동작을 수행하는 빈도는 메모리 컴포넌트와 관련된 온도에 기초하여 결정된다. 동작은 메모리 셀을 메모리 셀에 저장된 데이터에 대해 증가된 에러율과 관련된 상태로부터 메모리 셀에 저장된 데이터에 대해 감소된 에러율과 관련된 다른 상태로 전환시키도록 메모리 셀에 대해 결정된 빈도로 수행된다.
Patent KR-20200119289-A (KR)
Title: 고성능 용사 흡수체 코팅
Inventor: HARZALLAH RIDHA
IPC: F24S70/225
Filed: 2019-01-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 내열성 및 고흡수성 세라믹 미세-구조 코팅 (1) 으로 태양열 응용을 위한 기판 (3) 을 용사에 의해 코팅하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 이 방법은, - 세라믹 마이크로입자 분말 및 폴리에스테르 마이크로볼 분말을 포함하는 분말 혼합물 (2) 을 제조하는 단계로서, 상기 분말 혼합물 (2) 중의 폴리에스테르 마이크로볼의 백분율은 10 내지 30% w/w 인, 상기 분말 혼합물 (2) 을 제조하는 단계; - 용사 공정에 의해 상기 기판 (3) 상에 상기 분말 혼합물 (2) 을  분사하여, 상기 기판 (3) 에 코팅 층 (1) 을 도포하는 단계; - 상기 코팅 층 (1) 을 갖는 상기 기판 (3) 을 400 ℃ 이상의 온도로 가열하여, 상기 코팅 층 (1) 으로부터 폴리에스테르의 마이크로볼을 증발시키고, 상기 폴리에스테르 마이크로볼의 자리에 다공 (4) 을 남기는 단계를 포함하고, 분사 단계 파라미터들 및 입자 크기는 상기 코팅 층 (1) 이 50 내지 150 마이크론의 두께로 도포되도록 선택된다.
Patent KR-20200118219-A (KR)
Title: 위장관을 따라 약물을 표적화 방출하기 위한 pH 감응성 담체, 그로부터의 조성물, 및 이들의 제조 및 사용 방법
Inventor: MARATHI UPENDRA
IPC: A61K31/5415
Filed: 2012-09-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 위장 (GI)관, 눈, 요로 또는 생식관을 포함한 선택된 pH 환경 내로 생물학적 활성제를 표적화 및/또는 pH 감응성 방출할 수 있는 신규한 약물 담체에 관한 것이다.  예상치 않게, 유리 지방산 (FFA)을 포함하는 담체는 생물학적 활성제를 다양한 pH 환경에 송달할 수 있다.  이러한 표적화 송달은 (a) 상부 GI관 (식도, 위 및 십이지장)에 대해서 상해성이며, (b) 산 불안정성이고, (c) GI액에 불침투성/불용성인 화합물이며, (d) 일차 통과 대사에 민감하고/하거나, (e) 위 자극, 배탈 또는 소화불량을 야기하는 활성제를 위해서 ??춤화될 수 있고, 유용하다.
Patent KR-20210008338-A (KR)
Title: 모발 착색 크림 및 특정 장력작용성 화합물을 포함하는 현색제 조성물을 포함하는 2 성분계 모발 처리 키트
Inventor: AEBY JOHANN
IPC: A61K8/86
Filed: 2018-03-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 바람직하게는 케라틴 섬유를 착색시키기 위한 키트에 관한 것으로, 상기 키트는 공간적으로 분리된 형태로 적어도 2 개의 키트 성분을 포함하며: A) 제1 키트 성분은 적어도 다음의 구성분: 적어도 하나의 알칼리제; 적어도 하나의 아미노산; 하나 이상의 알콕시화 지방 알코올의 포스페이트의 모노에스테르, 하나 이상의 비-알콕시화 지방 알코올의 포스페이트의 디에스테르, 및 둘 모두의 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 유기 포스페이트 에스테르 화합물; 물을 포함하고; 및 B) 제2 키트 성분은 적어도 다음의 구성분: 적어도 하나의 유화제; 과산화수소; 적어도 하나의 지방 알코올; 및 물을 포함한다. 본 발명은 또한 제2 키트 성분인 조성물을 제조하는 공정, 이러한 공정에 의해 얻을 수 있는 조성물, 즉시 사용 가능한 조성물, 이를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이며, 모발 착색 크림의 점도를 감소시키기 위해 위에서 정의된 유기 포스페이트 에스테르 화합물과 조합하여 위에서 정의된 및 화학식 I에서와 같은 유화제의 사용 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20210005103-A (KR)
Title: 약해 경감제
Inventor: IKEDA YOJI
IPC: A01N25/32
Filed: 2019-05-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 잔디, 밀, 옥수수, 유채씨, 벼, 대두 등의 유익한 식물의 재배 시에, 피카뷰트라족스 및 제초 활성 성분을 함유하는 약해 경감 조성물을 시용하거나, 또는 제초 활성 성분을 시용하는 동시에 피카뷰트라족스를 시용함으로써, 제초 활성 성분에 의한 유익한 식물에 대한 해를 경감하면서 잡초를 방제하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20210032322-A (KR)
Title: 축구 경기용 적응가능한 신발류
Inventor: STEIDLE VOLKER PETER
IPC: A43B5/02
Filed: 2019-05-31
Abstract: 축구화 또는 축구 부츠로서, 밑창; 및 갑피를 포함하며, 갑피는 중심 영역을 포함하고, 갑피는 중심 영역의 각각의 측면에서 하나 이상의 돌기를 포함하고, 각각의 측면 상의 하나 이상의 돌기는 중심 영역과 나란히 마루를 한정하여, 마루들 및 중심 영역이 공 제어 영역을 한정하도록 하고, 돌기들은 갑피와 직접 접촉하여, 갑피와 유체 재료의 통합에 의해 형성된다.
Patent KR-20220098069-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG SO YOUNG
IPC: G08B21/18
Filed: 2021-01-02
Abstract: Disclosed are a safety device and an operating method thereof. The safety device which can be used for each closed space includes: a sensor unit (110) including a gas sensor for detecting the gas present in the closed space; a notification unit (120) providing a notification to the closed space or the outside; and a control unit (190) setting a relative reference value in consideration of the relative value of the gas concentration according to the type and size of the closed space, and controlling the operation of the notification unit by comparing the detected gas concentration with the relative reference value at each set period.
Patent KR-20220098078-A (KR)
Title: Cannula for Liposuction
Inventor: Park joon han
IPC: A61N7/00
Filed: 2021-01-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a cannula for liposuction having a handy part which can be grasped by a user and an intubation part which extends from the handy part to a predetermined length. The intubation part comprises: an elongated body part having one side in the longitudinal direction connected to the handy part and the other end blocked; at least one suction port formed on the other side of the body part; a suction passage formed inside the body part and communicating with the at least one suction port; and a plurality of protrusions disposed along the longitudinal direction of the body part, and protruding in a radial direction from the outer circumferential surface of the body part. At least a portion of the body part is formed to be curved with respect to the longitudinal direction from one side connected to the handy part to the other side.
Patent KR-20220105339-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK BONGSUK
IPC: G06K19/07
Filed: 2021-01-20
Abstract: Provided are a real-time quantity identification method and an RFID system having the same applied thereto. According to the real-time quantity identification method of the present invention, when tag IDs recorded on RFID tags attached to products start to be read, a cycle for identifying the quantity using the tag IDs starts, when all the tag IDs are combined and the quantity is identified to be normal, the cycle is terminated, and when an event cycle is terminated due to abnormal quantity, information about the quantity is provided to a user. Cases in which the event cycle is terminated due to the abnormal quantity include a case in which tag IDs are no longer found, a case in which a reading pattern passes a peak and decreases, a case in which the number of read tag IDs decreases, and the like. Therefore, because extended RFID middleware for real-time quantity identification is used to terminate the event by finding IDs of all products using a data-driven processing method, an accurate result can be provided in a fast time in real time, thereby enabling accurate and faster real-time quantity identification by solving a time synchronization problem through time-based processing of existing middleware.
Patent KR-20220106312-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO MIN KYO
IPC: B62D55/08
Filed: 2021-01-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a caterpillar exchange apparatus, and to a caterpillar exchange apparatus which removes a caterpillar track from a vehicle or installs a caterpillar track to a vehicle. The caterpillar exchange apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a bottom frame; a moving frame movable with respect to the bottom frame; and a support unit provided on the moving frame and supporting a caterpillar track to maintain a shape of the caterpillar track installed on a vehicle.
Patent KR-20220107822-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG SENG KIL
IPC: H02S30/10
Filed: 2021-01-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-center solar module installation structure which comprises: a support frame installed on the ground and having a plurality of brackets formed on an upper part thereof; an upper frame disposed on the upper part of the support frame, disposed inclinedly, having a plurality of hinge units, which correspond to the brackets, formed therein, and having a seating groove for inserting a solar panel formed therein; and a plurality of link members having the brackets of the support frame and the hinge units of the upper frame individually hinge-coupled to both sides thereof. Each of the plurality of link members is formed to have a different length, so that a plurality of mounting units that allow the upper frame to be disposed inclinedly upward are arranged in parallel at equal intervals to mount the solar panel.
Patent KR-20210029727-A (KR)
Title: Composition for determining false positives using a unique artificial nucleotide sequence and method for determining false positives using the same
Inventor: LEE JAE HOON
IPC: C12Q1/6848
Filed: 2021-01-29
Abstract: The present invention is a method for determining whether a sample of a test target group is contaminated by a positive control sample during a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. A target nucleotide sequence and a specific artificial nucleotide sequence are inserted into the positive control, and a probe for determining false positives that binds to a partial sequence of the target nucleotide and a partial sequence of the specific artificial nucleotide is designed. According to the present invention, the presence or absence of a specific artificial nucleotide sequence in the test target group can be checked to determine, so that it is possible to simply and accurately determine whether it is false positives or not.
Patent KR-20220111063-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HYUN SOO
IPC: F21S41/20
Filed: 2021-02-01
Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a lamp module for a vehicle includes: a first light source and second light source for forming two or more kinds of light distribution patterns; and a light guiding unit provided on one side of the first light source and the second light source. The first light source is provided to face a rear surface of the light guiding unit at a rear of the light guiding unit. The second light source is provided to face a lower surface of the light guiding unit at a lower part of the light guiding unit. Light emitted from the first light source is emitted outwards to form a first light distribution pattern. Light emitted from the second light source is emitted outwards to form a second light distribution pattern.
Patent KR-20220111157-A (KR)
Inventor: CHA CHAN YEOL
IPC: G01K1/00
Filed: 2021-02-01
Abstract: The present invention as described above, the present invention accurately detects snowing in winter to transmit the snowing to not only effectively handle snow removal work but also be applied to snow removal equipment or an automated smart snow removal device applied to a facility. Moreover, the present invention is installed in an urban area or each place preventing damage from snowfall in advance to initially respond to disasters caused by heavy snowfall and snowstorm and nighttime sudden snowfall.
Patent KR-20220111875-A (KR)
Inventor: YEOM JU AN
IPC: B60D1/04
Filed: 2021-02-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a tow bar connection device of a vehicle trailer towing device and, more specifically, to a tow bar connection device of a vehicle trailer towing device, which is configured to detach the connection device to which a tow bar is coupled from the towing device which enables towing by connecting to a trailer or carrier, so that the tow bar can be connected horizontally or vertically as needed, thereby increasing the convenience and compatibility of use and facilitating installation and removal of a product. According to the present invention, the connection device comprises: an adapter fixing flange (11) integrally provided with an adapter fitting space (12) in a towing tool frame (10) provided in the vehicle; a connection adapter (20) having an adapter connector (30) inserted into the adapter fitting space (12) and provided on an upper surface thereof and having a shaft fitting space (52) opened toward the front; and adapter fixing members (49) coupled to each other by being inserted into a connected fixing hole of the adapter fixing flange (11) and the adapter connector (30) and fastened thereto.
Patent KR-20220112638-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG MIN GI
IPC: A61C5/77
Filed: 2021-02-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a burr for manufacturing dental workpieces, which mills a molding material including zirconia at an appropriate scale to duplicate and imitate a superstructure of a tooth and an implant. According to the present invention, among burrs provided at an end part of a tracking device and a machining tool to directly process a molding material, a separate dedicated burr capable of easily imitating and milling the inner surface of the molding material is provided, can correspond to an abutment coupled to the inner surface of the molding material, and processes the contracted inner surface after milling and sintering to have a specification (diameter) consistent with the abutment such that the inner surface (abutment coupling surface) can be processed simply and quickly with one milling process. The burr comprises a guide tool and a milling tool.
Patent KR-20220114888-A (KR)
Title: Battery module and battery pack including the same
Inventor: KIM BONG GUN
IPC: H01M10/658
Filed: 2021-02-09
Abstract: A battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a battery cell stack formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells; a module frame for accommodating the battery cell stack; and a compression pad disposed between the battery cells, wherein the compression pad has a porous structure. The present invention can delay a heat propagation speed between neighboring battery cells.
Patent KR-20220114954-A (KR)
Title: Self-propelled type apparatus for crushing twig
Inventor: KIM UN SU
IPC: B62D55/08
Filed: 2021-02-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for crushing tree branches in a self-propelled manner, comprising: a main body (10) having a traveling cart (11) and a work cart (12); a turning means (20) interposed between the travel cart (11) and the work cart (12) and causing the work cart (12) to rotate in all directions; a crushing means (30) having an intake drum (31) and a crushing drum (35) on a tree branch path of the work cart (12); and a controller (50) controlling the turning means (20) and the crushing means (30) with a set algorithm. Accordingly, it is possible to perform work while moving to various sites based on an endless track and improve work efficiency and product reliability because the device can change the working posture and handle load fluctuations in response to various working environments.
Patent KR-20220116646-A (KR)
Title: Molecular marker based on RVE5 gene from cabbage for discriminating anthocyanin deposition at low temperature and uses thereof
Inventor: HUR YOONKANG
IPC: C12Q1/6895
Filed: 2021-02-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a molecular marker based on RVE5 gene derived from cabbage for discriminating anthocyanin deposition at low temperature, and uses thereof. The molecular marker of the present invention can accurately determine a cabbage system with a low level of anthocyanin accumulation levels and anthocyanin accumulation levels even in the low temperature where the accumulation of anthocyanins is mainly occurred, so that even if cabbage is grown and harvested at low temperature, it is possible to reduce the time, cost and effort to breed cabbage with low anthocyanin accumulation, and to produce and supply high-quality cabbage for cultivated farmers and consumers.
Patent KR-20220116779-A (KR)
Title: Tool for Exercise of Semi-Permanent Makeup and Teaching Method thereof
Inventor: CHO SO YOUNG
IPC: G09B25/00
Filed: 2021-02-15
Abstract: The present invention provides a tool for practicing semi-permanent makeup and a teaching method thereof, in which a user practices to enable an upper surface of a second member not to be colored while an upper surface of a first member to be penetrated with a needle applied with pigment and colored; and a teaching method thereof. The tool for practicing semi-permanent makeup of the present invention can help to increase the professionalism and proficiency of an operator.
Patent KR-20220117488-A (KR)
Title: Garlic powdered saurce having anti-caking and method of preparation thereof
Inventor: RA YEONGIM
IPC: A23P10/43
Filed: 2021-02-17
Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-caking garlic powder sauce and a preparation method thereof, in which it is empirically confirmed that the average size and distribution of powder particles can be minimized by treating a garlic powder sauce with silicon dioxide, in particular, long-term storage is possible with no powder hardening phenomenon even during an initial storage period and under a hot and humid environment when the garlic powder sauce is treated with silicon dioxide as an anti-caking agent according to the present invention, product characteristics of a garlic cream powder sauce can be enhanced by improving solubility and dispersibility as well as an anti-caking effect when silicon dioxide 15 is used, and functional effects, such as appearance, chromaticity, taste, sugar content, and flavor, are excellent to bear comparison in satisfying consumer preferences, thereby being very useful for the processed food industry.
Patent KR-20220120972-A (KR)
Title: Water purifier
Inventor: CHO SUNG KON
IPC: B67D1/08
Filed: 2021-02-24
Abstract: Provided is a water purifier (100). The purifier comprises: a filter unit (110) which has a plurality of filters to filter incoming water and generate purified water; a hot water generation unit (150) which heats the purified water at room temperature filtered from the filter unit (110) to generate hot water; an extraction unit (160) which provides the purified water at room temperature filtered from the filter unit (110) or the hot water generated from the hot water generation unit (150) to a user; and a control unit (C) which controls opening and closing of a flow path provided at the filter unit (110) and a flow path between the filter unit (110) and the extraction unit (160). The filter unit (110) has a main filter (113) which filters incoming water and a reverse osmotic membrane filter (120) which is installed on a downstream side of the main filter (113) and has a reverse osmotic membrane member (121) for filtering water. The control unit (C) controls opening and closing of the flow path so that the water filtered from the main filter (113) passes through the reverse osmotic membrane member (121) to be filtered and supplied to the hot water generation unit (150) when the purified water is supplied from the filter unit (110) to the hot water generation unit (150) and controls opening and closing of the flow path so that the water filtered from the main filter (113) does not pass through the reverse osmotic membrane member (121) when the purified water is supplied through the flow path connected with the extraction unit (160) from the filter unit (110) without passing through the hot water generation unit (150). The present invention has an effect of minimizing scale generation.
Patent KR-20220122260-A (KR)
Title: Method for etching multi-stack of Si-containing layers and manufacturing method of semiconductor device including the same
Inventor: KWAK JUNGHUN
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: A method of etching a multi-layer body of silicon-containing films according to the present invention comprises: putting a substrate having a multi-layer body including a first silicon-containing film and a second silicon-containing film having a different composition from the first silicon-containing film into a process chamber of an etching apparatus; supplying an etching gas to the process chamber; and activating the etching gas with plasma and then etching an opening having a high aspect ratio of 20:1 or more in the multi-layer body. The etching gas includes a first etching gas having fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) atoms but no carbon (C) atoms, and a second etching gas having at least carbon (C) and fluorine (F) atoms. According to the present invention, a hole having a good vertical profile and a high aspect ratio can be formed in the multi-layer body of silicon-containing films.
Patent KR-20220127680-A (KR)
Title: Method for providing dvt screening system based on artificial intelligence
Inventor: KIM YONG HWAN
IPC: G16H10/60
Filed: 2021-03-11
Abstract: Disclosed is a method for providing an acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) screening system based on artificial intelligence. The method for providing an acute DVT screening system based on artificial intelligence includes steps of: obtaining medical record information; obtaining one or more pieces of patient data from the medical record information; deriving core data related to a DVT risk test from the one or more pieces of patient data; and obtaining DVT-related event information based on the core data.
Patent KR-20220132140-A (KR)
Title: Electronic device including housing and method for manufacturing the housing
Inventor: HWANG BYUNGSEON
IPC: B23K26/06
Filed: 2021-03-23
Abstract: According to various embodiments, an electronic device includes a housing constituting an external appearance of the electronic device. The housing includes: a base material which forms the shape of the housing; a first layer which contains a color paint located on one side of the base material; and a second layer which contains a visible light-transmitting material positioned on one surface of the first layer. The second layer includes a near-infrared ray absorbing material, and the second layer includes a marking area on a surface exposed to the outside of the housing. Other embodiments are also possible.
Patent KR-20220134944-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG HYUN KEE
IPC: F02M35/024
Filed: 2021-03-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to an air cleaner for a vehicle, which comprises a filter housing having an internal space, an inlet (1200) through which air is introduced, and an outlet through which air is discharged, and an air filter provided inside the filter housing for removing foreign substances in the air, wherein an upper frame of the air filter is formed by double-foaming soft urethane and hard urethane. According to the present invention, the number of parts and processes for manufacturing an air cleaner for a vehicle can be reduced.
Patent KR-20210102118-A (KR)
Title: Underground intake weir for hydropower generation
Inventor: LEE CHANG MAN
IPC: E02B9/04
Filed: 2021-04-12
Abstract: Provided is an underground intake weir. The underground intake weir according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises an underground intake chamber, a gauging well, a settling chamber, an aqueduct, and a second cutoff wall. The settling chamber and the second cutoff wall are extended to both sides of the gauging well to block a flow of underflow water and induce surface water to flow toward the gauging well. The underground intake chamber is installed under a river bed and extracts underflow water, and the gauging well extracts surface water through a screen. While the extracted surface water and underflow water pass through the settling chamber, sand, etc., settle and the extracted water moves through the aqueduct. The present invention can stably secure a water quantity and water quality necessary for hydropower generation regardless of a rainfall amount and a state of a river.