baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-770045-A (GB)
Title: Extrusion of solid or tubular metal sections
IPC: B23K35/40
Filed: 1955-02-16
Abstract: 770,045. Extruding. COMPTOIR INDUSTRIEL D'ETIRAGE ET PROFILAGE DE METAUX. Feb. 16, 1955 [March 3, 1954], No. 4692/55. Classes 83 (2) and 83 (4). In the hot-extrusion of solid or tubular composite metal sections from billets in which ancillary materials have been introduced prior to extrusion, a number of holes are drilled transversely at predetermined points in the side wall of the billet, the ancillary materials are then introduced into the said holes and the latter are plugged externally, and the billet is then extruded whilst being adequately lubricated. Vitreous lubricants of the kind described in Specifications 607,285, 607,286, 607,287 are preferably used. The holes may be drilled perpendicular to the axis of the billet or they may lie obliquely to the said axis; these holes may or may not intersect the said axis. The position and depth of the holes in the billet determines the position of the ancillary materials in the extruded product. If the ancillary material is introduced on the line A, B in the billet then after extrusion it will lie along the line A<SP>1</SP>, I<SP>1</SP> B<SP>1</SP> in the extruded product. The length A<SP>1</SP>, I<SP>1</SP> is stated to be dependent upon the product of the extrusion ratio and the distance FC from the edge of the container to the edge of the extrusion die. The distance from the point A<SP>1</SP> to the front end of the extruded product is dependent upon the distance AC in the billet. The melting points of the ancillary materials may be higher than the extrusion temperature if they are ductile or viscous at this temperature, otherwise the melting points should be less than the extrusion temperature. One application of the invention is in the manufacture of welding rods for electric welding in which small quantities of aluminium and manganese have to be introduced into the welding rods. Specifications 739,499 and 770,044 also are referred to.
Patent GB-525067-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with fuel injection in internal combustion engines
IPC: F02M69/00
Filed: 1939-02-13
Abstract: 525,067. Oil engines. DAIMLER-BENZ AKT.-GES. Feb. 13, 1939, No. 4746. Convention date, Feb. 11, 1938. [Class 7 (iii)] In a petrol engine using spark-ignition and in which the fuel injection nozzle is located opposite to the ignition means, the jets of fuel issuing from the nozzle are of two kinds, viz., finely atomized and diffused jets which are directed through the combustion space, and solid or less diffused localized jets which are directed on to the heads of valves in the cylinder cover, into valve recesses, on to the piston head, and in some cases towards the sparking plug. The nozzle shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 has a cut-away portion 3 with three countersunk orifices 4, 5 therein for the localized jets, and three orifices 6 and 7 for the diffused jets. The inclinations of the passages leading to the orifices are given in the Specification. In Figs. 5 and 6 the nozzle is shown applied to a four-stroke cycle engine having two inlet valves 11 and two exhaust valves 13, fuel being injected during the early part of the suction' stroke. Fuel jets N from the orifices 7 are directed towards recesses 10 adjacent the valves 11, whereas the localized jet T from the orifice 6 is directed towards the piston. Diffused jets R from the orifices 5 traverse the combustion space and are projected against the piston face whilst the jet K from the orifice 4 is directed between two ignition plugs 18. Modified forms of fuel injector are described in which a central conical jet is controlled by a lift valve other jets issuing through passages around the valves. These passages may be uncontrolled or they may be controlled by the lift valve which closes on two seats in its motion in opposite directions. A conical spray may comprise a number of separate jets and in some cases a localized jet may penetrate a diffused jet. The valve timing and fuel injection periods are as follows:- The air inlet valve opens 30 degrees before the upper dead centre and closes 45 degrees beyond the lower dead centre, the exhaust valve opening and closing about 40 degrees before and 5 degrees beyond the upper and lower dead centres respectively. The fuel injection commences 25 degrees after, and terminates not more than 65 degrees after the commencement of the suction stroke. The method of fuel injection may be applied to a two-stroke cycle engine. Specification 487,013 is referred to.
Patent GB-130703-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Electric Arc Furnaces.
IPC: H05B7/00
Filed: 1918-03-19
Abstract: 130,703. British Thomson - Houston Co., and Ash, J. J. March 19, 1918. Electrode furnaces. - In a polyphase furnace, each electrode is adjusted by a device under control of two solenoids or the like, one responding to change of current in the phase, and the other being connected between the electrode and the hearth or an artificial neutral point, so that adjustment can only take place when the current and pressure change in opposite directions. As shown, the current and pressure solenoids, the latter of which is connected to a three-limbed reactance 1, operate switch arms 5, 4 connected to opposite leads cf a direct-current system. One fixed contact 6, 7 of each switch is connected to an end of a relay solenoid 8 which causes the raising of the electrode, and the other fixed contacts 9, 10 are connected to a solenoid 11 having the reverse action.
Patent GB-159127-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in rope railway tractors
IPC: B61B12/06
Filed: 1921-02-11
Abstract: 159,127. ChÛneau, L. J. J. B. Feb. 13, 1920, [Convention date]. Starting and stopping tractors through towing-connections. - An electric tractor device running on an elevated cable is provided with means for exerting a constant grip while the thickness of the cable varies, and is started and stopped by tensioning and slacking the tow rope. The tractor is driven by a motor through a pinion p<1> on the countershaft engaging the wheel g<1>. The drive is effected through a cam device y arranged so that when the motor is started a brake x on the countershaft is held out of operation. On cutting out the motor the brake is applied by a spring x<1>. The tractor is connected to the boat &c. to be towed by a connection o engaging an arm on a shaft t. The shaft t is fitted with a fork u engaging a collar l<1> on the rod l, and with an arm linked with the motor controller; by these means the controller is operated by an initial pull on the tow rope to start the motor, and by releasing the tow rope the motor is stopped.
Patent GB-275157-A (GB)
Title: A method of manufacturing pipes from asbestos cement or similar materials
IPC: B28B21/48
Filed: 1927-02-21
Abstract: 275,157. Herzog, C. July 30, 1926, [Convention date]. Moulding pulp pipes.-Pipes of asbestos cement are manufactured by winding up on a mandrel slabs previously made on the cardboard machine from an asbestos cement mixture but still plastic, the surface of the slabs being at the same time thoroughly moistened to ensure the intimate felting together of the successive layers. The wound up blank is then wrapped in a water-pervious cover and subjected to strong pressure, for instance by one or more rotating rollers, which 'binds the lavers together and expels excess water. Immediately after this, the mandrel is removed and replaced by a wooden mandrel. As shown in Fig. 1, a belt 9 runs on three rollers 1, 2, 3, and another belt 5 on rollers 4, 6, 7, 8. The slab of asbestos 11 is placed on the belt 9 between the rollers 1, 2 and is carried by that belt to a mandrel 10 around which it is wound by the other belt 5, while water is sprayed on by a pipe 12. A cover of textile material or perforated sheet metal is then laid on the belt 9 and wrapped round the asbestos. After this, the mandrel 10 is removed and placed in another machine. Fig. 2, where it is rotated and subjected to heavy pressure from a roller 13 on bell crank levers 14, the pressure being controlled by an adjustable weight 15. Finally, the mandrel is removed from the surrounding asbestos cement pipe and replaced by a sectional wooden core, the cover is removed, and the pipe placed on a bed to set. A number of slabs may be wound side by side upon the same mandrel, the adjacent edges overlapping and becoming firmly united, whereby a long seamless pipe is obtained. The wound up mandrels may be subjected to pressure otherwise than by a roller as shown in Fig. 2; and the cover may be removed before the mandrel, and the pipe without the cover rolled for a short time to loosen the mandrel to facilitate its removal.
Patent GB-243583-A (GB)
Title: Rotary valve more particularly for internal combustion engines
IPC: F01L7/02
Filed: 1925-02-23
Abstract: 243,583. Marks, E. C. R., (Wehr Motor Co., Inc.). Feb. 23, 1925, Seats.-In rotary valves for internal-combustion engines, fitted with curved packing 20 arranged so that the friction of the valve tends to increase the clearance, this effect being opposed by spring action, the opposed surfaces 29, 30 of the port 28 through the wedge are made of equal area, or with the surface 29 nearer the thin end of the wedge greater than the other surface 30, so that the effect of the gas pressure on these surfaces is neutralized or results in a force tending to increase the wedging action. In the form shown, the surface 30 is reduced by the insertion of a member 33 in a groove formed in the wedge, the member 33 being secured to the valve casing. Springs are mounted in pockets in the casing and bear on pins engaging notches in the wedge. Passages may be provided in the cylinder head so as to bring the gas pressure to bear against additional surface on the wedge in the direction of wedging.
Patent GB-946656-A (GB)
Title: 18:20-oxido-steroids and process for their manufacture
IPC: C07J7/00
Filed: 1960-02-12
Abstract: The invention comprises (1) a process for the preparation of an 18,20-oxido-steroid, wherein an 18-unsubstituted 20-hydroxy-steroid is reacted with a lead tetra-acylate; and (2) 3-oxygenated 21 - unsubstituted 18,20 - oxido - pregnanes which contain in the 20-position a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.  The process may optionally be followed by esterification or oxidation of free hydroxy groups, hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis of any esterified or etherified hydroxyl groups, ketalization or reduction of any oxo groups, hydrolysis of any ketalized oxo groups, hydrogenation of any double bonds or introduction of a D 4-double bond in the resulting 18,20-oxidosteroid. The reaction with the lead tetra-acylate may be catalysed by peroxides or salts of divalent iron and may be performed in the presence of an equimolar quantity of boron trifuoride and advantageously in the presence of a wet base. The starting materials may have further substituents or double bonds in the ring system, and advantageously contain difficulty saponifiable ester groups, so that 20-acylates formed as by-products in the process may be easily saponified to the corresponding 20-ols which may then be used again. Examples are given, in some of which 3b -acetoxy-5a -pregane-20-one is formed as a by-product from 3b  - acetoxy-20b -hydroxy-5a -pregane, and in one of which D 5-3-ethylenedioxy-androstene; D 5-3-ethylenedioxy 17a -acetoxy-androstene; and D 5-3-ethylenedioxy-20-oxo-pregane are formed as by-products from D 5-3-ehtylenedioxy-20b  -hydroxy pregnene.  3a ,11a Diacetoxy-20b -hydroxy-5b -pregnane is prepared by reduction of the 20-ketone.  3b ,11b -diacetoxy - 20b -hydroxy-5a -pregnane; D 5-3-ethylenedioxy - 11a  acetoxy - 20b  - hydroxy - pregnene; 3a  - acetoxy - 11 - keto - 20b  - hydroxy - 5b  - pregnane; and D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 20a and b  - hydroxy - pregnenes; are prepared similarly.  D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 11a  - acetoxy - 20 - methyl - 20 - hydroxy - pregnene is prepared from D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 11a  - acetoxy - 20 - keto -pregnene and methyl magnesium iodide.  D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 11a  - acetoxy - 20b  -hydroxy - pregnene is prepared by reducing 11a  -acetoxy-progesterone to give D 4 - 3b ,20b  - dihydroxy - 11a  - acetoxy - pregnene, oxidizing this to D 4 - 3 - keto - 11a  - acetoxy - 20b  - hydroxy pregnene and ketalizing this. D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 17b  - hydroxymethyl - androstene is prepared by reducing D 5 -3-ethylenedioxy-20-oxo-21-acetoxy - pregnene to give D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 20, 21 - dihydroxy pregnene, reacting this with periodic acid to give D 5 - 3 - ethylenedioxy - 17b  - formyl - androstene, and reducing this.  Lead tetra trifluoro acetate is prepared from lead tetraacetate and trifluoroacetic acid or silver trifluoroacetate.  Specifications 946,657, 946,658, 946,659 and 946,660 are referred to.
Patent GB-510198-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the treatment of rare earth minerals
IPC: C22B59/00
Filed: 1938-02-18
Abstract: 510,198. Extraction of thorium, cerium, and yttrium earths. POWELL, A. R., and JOHNSON, MATTHEY, & CO., Ltd. Feb. 18, 1938, No. 5132. [Class 1 (iii)] A process for the extraction of thorium, cerium, and yttrium earths from phosphate, silicate and tantalocolumbite minerals, e.g., cerite, thorite, monazite and xenotime, comprises the following steps: (a) dissolving the mineral in hot concentrated sulphuric acid ; (b) adding an equal volume of hot or cold water to the paste and filtering; (c) dissolving earth sulphates in cold water ; (d) precipitating thorium, titanium and zirconium hydroxides with a tervalent earth hydroxide, preferably with lanthanum-didyminium hydroxides resulting from (m) below, or with the corresponding oxides or carbonates, and filtering ; (e) treatment of the neutral earth sulphate solution with alkali metal (sodium) sulphate to precipitate the double sulphates except of the yttria earths which remain dissolved; (f) boiling the double sulphates with alkali metal hydroxide to obtain insoluble earth hydroxides, and sodium sulphate for reuse in (e) ; (g) drying the hydroxides at 50-100‹ C. and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen to convert the cerous hydroxide into ceric hydroxide ; (h) digesting with dilute nitric acid only sufficient to dissolve the tervalent hydroxides, leaving ceric hydroxide and/or basic nitrate ; (i) dissolving the ceric residue in nitric acid of not less than 25 per cent. concentration; (j) hydrolyzing the ceric nitrate solution by addition of hot or cold water, and a sulphate or sulphuric acid, a mixture of basic ceric sulphate and nitrate being precipitated, the nitric acid mother liquor being employed in step (h) ; (k) calcining the precipitate from step (j) to produce ceria ; (1) treatment of the solution from step (h) with sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate to obtain. lanthanum, didymium &c. as insoluble double sulphates, and a solution of nitric acid which is distilled and used in step (i) ; (m) boiling the double sulphates with alkali hydroxide to produce the hydroxides, the part not used in step (d) being dissolved in acid and separated in known manner. Step (e) is not essential, and the neutral solution from step (d) may be treated directly with alkali hydroxide. Alternatively, the solution from step (d) may be boiled to precipitate hydrated sulphates, and the precipitate treated with alkali hydroxide. When phosphate minerals are used, the phosphoric-sulphuric acid mixture from step (b) may be treated with potassium or sodium sulphates to precipitate as double sulphates any earths present, or it may be evaporated to 200‹ C. when the metals separate as a crust of anhydrous sulphate from which the acid'may be decanted and used for making superphosphate. The yttria earths in the filtrate from step (e) may be precipitated by alkali hydroxide and separated by known methods. The precipitate from step (d) may be dissolved in hot concentrated sulphuric acid, and thorium recovered from the filtered diluted solution by the addition of alkali sulphate.
Patent GB-662785-A (GB)
Title: Liquid fuel combustion chambers
IPC: F23R3/32
Filed: 1949-02-25
Abstract: 662,785. Generating combustion products under pressure. ARMSTRONG SIDDELEY MOTORS, Ltd., ALLEN, S., and STOKES M.. A. Jan. 13, 1950 [Feb. 25, 1949], No. 5173/49. Class 51 (i). [Also in Group XI] A liquid fuel combustion chamber has a rotary cup-like vaporizer supplied with the liquid fuel and combustion air therefor which is heated at its outer face by the products of combustion and to near the centre of the inner face of which the liquid fuel is supplied in the presence of the combustion air so as to be substantially evenly spread over this face by centrifugal action before being discharged therefrom. The combustion chamber, which may be employed in a gas-turbine engine, may comprise a flame chamber 13, Fig. 1, spaced by supports 14 from a surrounding air conduit 12, and having an opening 18 at its upstream end through which combustion air can enter to pass through a coaxial tube 19. Liquid fuel is supplied by a pipe 26 to a further coaxial tube 21 containing bearings 24 for the spindle 22 of a rotary cup-like vaporizer 23 rotated by a fan 28 in the path of the combustion air. The liquid fuel assists in lubricating the bearings 24 and is carried by the air stream into the cup 23, any unvaporized fuel forming a film on the internal surface of the cup which is vaporized by the heat received at the external surface of the cup 23 from the combustion products. Secondary air for combustion can be supplied to the closed end of the flame chamber 13, or partly thereto and partly along the length of the flame tube in a known manner. The shaft 22 may, alternatively, be driven by an electric or other motor or by the gas turbine engine. In a modification the tube 21 is closed at its upstream end and the pipe 26 supplies fuel through a bore in the spindle 22 which has a circle of outlet holes adjacent the vaporizer 23. In a further modification, the tube 19, Fig. 3, is supported by a spider 37 and is short compared with the spindle 22, which is directly journalled in it in bearings 36. The primary air passed along the interior of the spindle 22 where it mixes with the fuel supplied through the pipe 26, the mixture passing into the vaporizer 23 through a circle of openings 39. The vaporizer 23 may be provided with a cylindrical extension 54, and as a further alternative the blades of the rotor 28 may extend into the path of the tertiary air 15. Specification 623,531 is referred to.
Patent GB-588649-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to building units
IPC: E04F13/14
Filed: 1945-03-02
Abstract: 588,649. Building units. AIREY, Sir E. March 2, 1945, No. 5249. [Class 87 (i)] A facing unit 1 is provided on its rear face with a recess or recesses 5 into which project hooks 7 whereby the unit is tied to a supporting framework. A rebate 2 is formed on the lower edge to provide for overlap of the units which taper towards their upper edge. Grooves 6 receive a vertical member of the supporting framework.
Patent GB-212269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in rotary air compressors
IPC: F04C29/00
Filed: 1922-12-06
Abstract: 212,269. Hill Engineering Co., Inc., (Assignees of Hill, M. F.). April 10, 1922, [Convention date]. Force-feed lubricating.-A rotary compressor of the type comprising an annular lobed rotor 4 and an eccentric inner pinion rotor 7 with one lobe less is provided with means for circulating oil for sealing and lubricating. Oil is supplied under the delivery pressure of the gas from a reservoir 28 through a pipe 29 with a controlling valve 54 to a port 32 in the side of the casing to lubricate and seal the rotating elements, excess being returned with the gas through discharge in the pinion rotor and a discharge passage in the boss 16 on which the pinion is mounted to a separator 51. The presence of the oil tends to make the compression isothermal. A pipe 53 also supplies oil under pressure to a circular groove 43 at the other side of the casing to prevent leakage of gas such as sulphur dioxide &c. used in refrigerating systems. An inner circular groove 14 is connected to the compressor inlet to prevent leakage of oil through the motor shaft bearing. A packing ring 50 on the boss 16 prevents communication between the inlet and discharge passages of the pinion rotor. The oil may be led to an external cooler through which air is drawn by a fan on the other end of the motor shaft. Specification 195,934 is referred to.
Patent GB-677767-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to mechanically-driven electrical switching apparatus
IPC: B23K11/24
Filed: 1951-03-05
Abstract: 677,767. Mechanical make-and-break switches. E.V.G. ENTWICKLUNGS-UND VERWERTUNGSGES. March 5, 1951. [March 13, 1950] No. 5311/51. Class 38 (v). A motor-driven switch for periodically opening and closing a circuit 1 comprises a bridging contact 3 co-operating with contacts 2, 2<SP>1</SP> and carried by a push-rod 4 which is operable to- and-fro by two levers, 7, 8 co-operating with at least one cam 10, the lever 7 which closes the circuit being pivoted to the rod 4, and the other (opening) lever having a pin-and-slot connection therewith, the levers being connected together by a spring 12, and lever 8 being additionally biased by a spring 11. In one form, Fig. 1a, a single cam 10 with a steep step 10<SP>1</SP> co-operates with the free ends 7<SP>1</SP>, 81 of bell-crank levers 7, 8. Counter-clockwise rotation of cam 10 from the position shown, permits the end 7<SP>1</SP> to drop down the step 10<SP>1</SP> thereby moving rod 4 to the left to close the contacts. After a small further counter-clockwise rotation, the end 8<SP>1</SP> also drops down the step to push the rod 4 to the right again to re-open the contacts, which are reclosed when the step again reaches the end 7<SP>1</SP>. A number of cams may be arranged on the same shaft so as to cause sequential operation of a number of parallel-connected sets of contacts, e.g. in welding circuits, Fig. 2 (not shown). In a modification, Fig. 3, one-armed levers 13, 14 co-operate respectively with cams 17, 18, the levers having recesses 131, 14<SP>1</SP> co-operating with steps 17<SP>1</SP>, 18<SP>1</SP> in the cams tc cause contact operation. In order to vary the time during which the contacts are closed in one revolution, the shaft 15 may have a driving pinion which is axially movable from engage ment with a further pinion, so that the shaft may be adjusted relatively to shaft 16. Alternatively, the pinions may have oblique teeth the degree of engagement of which is variable to adjust the relative shaft positions, or the cams 17 may be adjustable on the shaft 15 The switch of Fig. 3 may be adapted for phase separation or rectification of an alternating current, by providing an additional bridging contact at the left-hand end of the push rod, the two contacts being alternately closed and opened, and several of the switches being connected suitably in series.
Patent GB-1260963-A (GB)
Title: Substituted insulins
IPC: C07K14/575
Filed: 1969-01-31
Abstract: 1,260,963. Insulin preparations. AMERICAN HOME PRODUCTS CORP. 31 Jan., 1969 [1 Feb., 1968], No. 5375/69. Heading A5B. [Also in Division C2] Solutions for injection contain 1-aminocyclopentane carbonyl-, 1-aminocyclohexane carbonyl- or L-tryptophanyl-insulin, (i.e. derivatives of insulin wherein from one to twelve of the free amino groups in the insulin molecule are aminoacylated).
Patent GB-394284-A (GB)
Title: Conical discs for centrifugal bowls provided with an inner reinforcement
IPC: B04B7/14
Filed: 1933-02-22
Abstract: 394,284. Centrifugal separators. AKTIEBOLAGET SEPARATOR, 8, Fleminggatan, Stockholm. Feb. 22, 1933, No. 5425. Convention date, Feb. 27, 1932. [Class 23.] Conical liner discs for centrifugal separator bowls have a central hole 1 with grooves 2 in the flange 3 of each disc, corresponding to ribs on the central element of the bowl. The edges of the grooves 2 are strengthened or reinforced by a portion of the material being folded over as shown in Fig. 3. This portion may be of the proper size to form a distance piece.