Patent GB-720195-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic detergent compositions
IPC: C11D1/22
Filed: 1952-02-04
Abstract: Surface-active mixtures of organic sulphonates and sulphates are prepared by mono-sulphonating an alkylated aromatic compound containing 8 to 26 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with an excess of a sulphonating agent and neutralizing the reaction mixture, a fatty alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms being added at any stage prior to the neutralization, for example, during or after the monosulphonation.  In general, sufficient sulphonating agent should be provided to effect monosulphonation of the aromatic compound and ensure a concentration of the residual excess sulphonating agent of at least 97.5 per cent in the absence of the fatty alcohol.  The amount of fatty alcohol is preferably such that the unreacted sulphonating agent has a concentration insufficient to sulphate any additional fatty alcohol.  The alkylated aromatic compound to be sulphonated may contain, as its aromatic portion, the structure of benzene, toluene, alkylated toluene, naphthalene, xylene, alkylated xylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, phenols, cresols or phenol ethers and the alkyl group may be dodecyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or mixed alkyl radicals derived from fatty materials, cracked paraffin wax olefines, and polymers of lower mono-olefines.  The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain hydroxyl groups; they include the fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof obtained by reduction of fatty acids or oils, e.g. lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, linoleyl, oleyl and ricinoleyl alcohols as obtained by reduction of coconut, palm kernel, palm, olive, peanut, cottonseed, corn, tallow or fish oils.  The neutralizing agents specified include ammonium hydroxides and carbonates, calcium, barium, lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium carbonates, oxides and hydroxides and organic bases such as diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, ethylene diamine, the ethanolamines, dimethyl aniline, naphthylamine, morpholine pyridine, guanidine, quinoline and quinaldine.  The neutralized product is then dried by drying drums or spraying into hot air. There may be incorporated in the mixture, if desired during or after neutralization, such builders as alkali metal chlorides, carbonates, silicates, borates, phosphates and nitrates, carboxymethyl cellulose, fluorescent dyes and perfumes.  The products may be used as wetting or foaming agents, e.g. shampoos and dental detertents and as dispersing agents, e.g. in oil and water paints and fungicides.  Examples are given.ALSO:Mixtures of organic sulphonates and sulphates are prepared by monosulphonating an alkylated aromatic compound containing 8 to 26 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with an excess of a sulphonating agent and neutralizing the reaction mixture, a fatty alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms being added at any stage prior to the neutralization, for example, during or after the monosulphonation.  In general, sufficient sulphonating agent should be provided to effect monosulphonation of the aromatic compound and ensure a concentration of the residual excess sulphonating agent of at least 97.5 per cent in the absence of the fatty alcohol.  The amount of fatty alcohol is preferably such that the unreacted sulphonating agent has a concentration insufficient to sulphate any additional fatty alcohol.  The alkylated aromatic compound to be sulphonated may contain, as its aromatic portion, the structure of benzene, toluene, alkylated toluene, naphthalene, xylene, alkylated xylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, phenols, cresols or phenol ethers and the alkyl group may be dodecyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or mixed alkyl radicals derived from fatty materials, cracked paraffin wax olefins and polymers of lower mono-olefines.  The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain hydroxyl groups; they include the fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof obtained by reduction of fatty acids or oils, e.g. lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, linoleyl, oleyl and ricinoleyl alcohols as obtained by reduction of coconut, palm kernel, palm, olive, peanut, cottonseed, corn, tallow or fish oils.  The sulphonating agent may be sulphuric acid, oleum, chlorsulphonic acid or sulphur trioxide. The sulphonation may be effected batchwise or continuously.  The neutralizing agents specified include ammonium hydroxides and carbonates, calcium barium, lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium carbonates, oxides and hydroxides and organic bases such as diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, ethylene diamine, the ethanolamines, dimethyl aniline, naphthylamine, morpholine, pyridine, guanidine, quinoline and quinaldine.  The neutralized product is then dried by drying drums or spraying into hot air. The products may be used as detergents or emulsifiers (see Group III) and as wetting, dispersing or foaming agents (see Group IV (c)).  Examples are given.ALSO:Mixtures of organic sulphonates and sulphates having cleansing and emulsifying properties are prepared by monosulphonating an alkylated aromatic compound containing 8 to 26 carbon atoms in the alkyl group with an excess of a sulphonating agent and neutralizing the reaction mixture, a fatty alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms being added at any stage prior to the neutralization, for example, during or after the monosulphonation. In general, sufficient sulphonating agent should be provided to effect monosulphonation of the aromatic compound and ensure a concentration of the residual excess sulphonating agent of at least 97.5 per cent in the absence of the fatty alcohol.  The amount of fatty alcohol is preferably such that the unreacted sulphonating agent has a concentration insufficient to sulphate any additional fatty alcohol.  The alkylated aromatic compound to be sulphonated may contain, as its aromatic portion, the structure of benzene, toluene, alkylated toluene, naphthalene, xylene, alkylated exylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, phenols, cresols or phenol ethers and the akyl group may be dodecyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or mixed alkyl radicals derived from fatty materials, cracked paraffin wax olefines and polymers of lower mono-olefines. The fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain hydroxyl groups; they include the fatty alcohols or mixtures thereof obtained by reduction of fatty acids or oils e.g., lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, linoleyl, oleyl and ricinoleyl alcohols as obtained by reduction of coconut, palm kernel, palm, olive, peanut, cottonseed, corn, tallow or fish oils.  The neutralizing agents specified include ammonium hydroxides and carbonates, calcium barium, lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium carbonates, oxides and hydroxides and organic bases such as diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, ethylene diamine, the ethanolamines, dimethyl aniline, naphthylamine, morpholine, pyridine, guanidine, quinoline and quinaldine.  The neutralized product is then dried by drying drums or spraying into hot air. There may be incorporated in the mixture, if desired during or after neutralization, such builders as alkali metal chlorides, carbonates, silicates, borates, phosphates and nitrates, carboxymethyl cellulose, fluorescent dyes and perfumes. The products may be used as detergents alone or in combination with other detergents in liquid, paste or solid shaped forms and as emulsifiers in cosmetics, waxes and polishes.  Examples are given.