baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CH-685066-A5 (CH)
Title: Rotary drive unit
Inventor: KERNEN HANS
IPC: B23Q5/34
Filed: 1991-12-02
Abstract: A motor shaft (6) drives a friction disc (25, 26) in one direction of rotation or the other via a spur-toothed pinion (7). The friction disc is in non-self-locking engagement with a thread (9b) formed on an intermediate section (9a) of an input shaft (9). Depending on the direction of rotation, the friction disc comes into frictional engagement with one or the other of two gear wheels (15, 16), which are mounted so as to be easily rotatable but axially immovable on the input shaft and mesh to give a different transmission ratio with gear wheels (19, 20) which are mounted rigidly on an output shaft (10). The angle of engagement between the pinion and the thread should also be steep enough to ensure that the frictional engagement mentioned guarantees the transmission of drive. The drive unit is used, for example, for driving the lead screw of a lathe or a punch of a screw press. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-667512-A5 (CH)
Title: Control for burners mixers and pumps in central heating installation
Inventor: THOMAS ROLF
IPC: G05D23/19
Filed: 1985-09-27
Abstract: Each plug-in module is provided with an identifier supplied with a set voltage.  All modules are connected via separate lines to an analog multiplexer unit coupled via an A/D converter to the computing unit.  Each module has its own analog multiplexer unit. Each module has a series circuit of two resistors acting as identifier and lying between ground and a voltage source. The junction between the two resistors is coupled via a line to one input of the multiplexer unit. Each multiplexer unit has inputs for system parts and/or circuit components.
Patent CH-628554-A5 (CH)
Title: Device for delivering and holding a tin solder wire wound into a coil
Inventor: WIDMER JOSEF
IPC: B23K3/06
Filed: 1978-05-19
Abstract: A tubular container (1) for the coil (7) of tin solder wire is available, one end of which is closed off by a mouthpiece (3) and the other end of which is closed off by a wall (4). This wall (4) has a bore (5) for leading out the tin solder wire. Owing to the fact that the worker can hold the device at the mouthpiece between the teeth, he has both hands free for other activities. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-615510-A5 (CH)
Title: Chemical analysis process and product for implementing this process
Inventor: BRUSCHI BARBARA JUNGFLEISCH
IPC: G01N33/62
Filed: 1976-06-18
Abstract: The process is used for chemical analysis, and more particularly for chemical assaying of the constituents of a bodily fluid. In order to implement this process, a product is used which comprises a layer (18) of a substance capable of reacting with a fluid constituent to give a decomposition product, a barrier layer (16) affording a selective permeability to the decomposition product of the substance, and a layer (14) which contains an indicator providing a coloration by reaction with the decomposition product of the substance. The product furthermore comprises a layer (20) ensuring good spreading of the fluid sample which is deposited thereon and a substrate (12). Application to the assaying of urea in the blood by enzymatic means. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-635388-A5 (CH)
Title: Vibratory hammer
Inventor: MARINI ERMENEGILDO
IPC: E02D7/18
Filed: 1978-08-03
Abstract: The vibratory hammer, suitable for driving and extracting impact-driven bodies, in particular sheet piles, has a box-shaped hammer housing (23). The latter contains two unbalanced masses (24, 24') working in opposite direction. A vertical rope-guide tube (14, 15) is passed through between the unbalanced masses (24, 24'). A rope winch (13) is arranged on the top of the hammer housing (23). A clamping device (16) with a passage bore (416) coaxial to the rope-guide tube (14, 15) and a clamping-jaw pair (116, 216) is releasably and/or adjustably fastened to the underside of the hammer housing (23). The winch rope (213) is passed through the rope-guide tube (14, 15) and through the passage bore (416) of the clamping device (16) and carries at its bottom end a gripping device for the impact-driven body. The gripping device can be moved up and down and can be clamped in place by means of the clamping-jaw pair (116, 216). Reliable and quick placing of the impact-driven bodies is made possible in a simple construction. <IMAGE>
Patent BE-1007702-A5 (BE)
IPC: G11B7/24097
Filed: 1993-11-05
Granted: 1995-10-03
Abstract: A protection system arranged on the read side (8) of an optical disk (1), including a transparent annular protective sheet (9) and an attachment ring (12) fastened to the centre of the protective sheet and having an inner edge (13) with the same diameter as the centre hole (14) in the disk. The attachment ring (12) comprises an adhesive face for adhering to the read face (8) of the disk, in at least part of a central portion thereof which contains no optical data and is not covered by the protective sheet (9).
Patent BE-1010528-A5 (BE)
Title: Ligne haute frequence rayonnante.
IPC: H01Q13/20
Filed: 1995-04-07
Granted: 1998-10-06
Abstract: La ligne comprend un conducteur extérieur tubulaire comportant des ouvertures agencées pour former un motif périodique (M) répété le long dudit conducteur extérieur avec un pas (p) prédéterminé. Le pas est une fraction d'une longueur d'onde maximum qui correspond à la fréquence minimum précitée, ladite fraction étant égale à 1/((Er)1/2+1), où Er est la constante diélectrique relative de la ligne, et le motif périodique (M) a une longueur (L) égale à p/2 plus ou moin,  suivant une direction parallèle à la direction axiale de la ligne.
Patent CH-579426-A5 (CH)
Title: High speed cold rotary machining of screw heads - has shaft cutter which sections rough wire and pushes piece into cutting station
IPC: B21K27/02
Filed: 1974-08-30
Abstract: The high speed machine rotor cutting screw heads onto cold workpieces has a shaft cutter sectioning fed wire, thence pushing the resultant piece into the cutting station. It is applicable to a machine having a reciprocating cutter entrained by a primary shaft emanating from a secondary shaft and eccentric, having means of receiving and securing the sectioned length, a cutting matrix for the sectioning cut, sensors regulating sectioned length from the fore, and means of forcibly advancing the piece onto the matrix of the rotary screw head cutter, whence the cut is executed. Pref. the fore end of the prime cutter also pushes the piece forward and the means of retaining the piece also align it for the head cut.
Patent CH-603535-A5 (CH)
Title: Antiinflammatory sulindac prodn.
Inventor: JONES HOWARD
IPC: C07C45/48
Filed: 1974-09-04
Abstract: Prodn. of 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylsulphinyl-benzylidene)-indene-3-acet- ic acid (sulindac) (I), comprises (1) reacting 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1, 3-indanedione (II), in which the 3-keto group is opt. protected, with a p-methyl-sulphinylbenzylidene-tri(alkyl or aryl)-phosphorane (III) and condensing the resulting 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methyl-sulphinylbenzylidene)-3-indanone (IV) with cyanoacetic acid; r (2) condensing (II) with cyanoacetic acid to give 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-indene-3-acetic acid (V) and reacting (V), in which the COOH gp. may be protected by an ester residue, with (III).In an example, p-methylsulphinylbenzyl bromide is reacted with triphenylphosphine to give a phosphonium bromide which is treated with NaNH2 in liquid NH3 at -80 degrees.  The resulting phosphorane is reacted with (II) 3-(ethylene ketal) to give (IV) ethylene ketal. Hydrolysis of this with aq. alcoholic HCl gives free (IV) which is reacted with cyanoacetic acid/acetic acid/ammonium acetate in refluxing toluene to give (I).
Patent CH-601802-A5 (CH)
Title: HV tester with visual display
Inventor: HASSE PETER DR ING
IPC: G01R19/155
Filed: 1975-10-15
Abstract: HV tester with visual display has user operated testing mechanism for visual HV indication and visual indication of readiness to operate
Patent CH-610498-A5 (CH)
Title: Method for producing a pattern for an item of clothing
Inventor: BLANCHON-LEVESQUE MARIE-FRANCE
IPC: A41H5/00
Filed: 1976-11-01
Abstract: The model of the item of clothing is traced on a dummy carried by a stand (16) and consisting of plane elements (1, 2, 3). These plane elements (1, 2, 3) are produced from a polyvinyl chloride sheet covered with a plastic layer with a linen-finish weft and are fastened together by small assembly plates (14). The dummy is then dismantled. <IMAGE>
Patent CH-575154-A5 (CH)
Title: Automatic alarm system for ice formation on roads - has mechanical sensors giving signal converted electrically and therafter to acoustic or optic alarm
IPC: G08B19/02
Filed: 1973-11-19
Abstract: The automatic signalling device for the build up of ice on road surfaces consists of two sensor elements which feed signals to an electrical comparator unit which sends a signal to an optical or acoustic alarm device. The sensors detect the shearing force of the build up of ice between two perforated plates. One unit incorporates a cylindrical sensor (2) in an insulating vacuum mantle (2'). The surface of the sensor has a disc (1') attached to a spindle (4') and axle boss (4) forming part of the drive system of the force testing unit. The system operates in the range (+-) 4 deg.C approximately.
Patent CH-581174-A5 (CH)
Title: 4,4'-Arylene-bismethylene-(2-imidazol-5-ones) - derived from bis-azlactones, useful as dispersion dyes and pigments
IPC: C09B23/01
Filed: 1973-11-28
Abstract: Dyes and mixts. of dyes of formula (I) are new: (where R1 is a divalent, mono- or dinuclear carbocyclic or heterocyclic, opt. substd. aromatic residue; R2 is H or an opt. substd. alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl or mono- or dinuclear heterocyclic gp.; R3 is O or NR5 each R4 is a mono- or dinuclear, carbocyclic or heterocyclic, opt. substd. aromatic residue; R5 is as defined for R2). Cpds. (I; R2 is not = H) are dispersion dyes suitable for dyeing synthetic polyester, cellulose acetate and polyamide fibres, Cpds. (I; R2=H) are pigments for colouring plastics, paints, printing inks, etc. Cpds. (I) contg. sulphonated R4 gps. are anionic dyes for dyeing polyamides, cellulosics and paper. The dyes and pigments give brilliant yellow-to-orange colorations with vivid fluorescence.
Patent CH-560804-A5 (CH)
Title: Connected wagons for renewing railway track - continuously feeds new track on wagon mounted rollers
IPC: E01B29/02
Filed: 1971-11-23
Abstract: Train of wagons, constituting railways track renewal plant, continuously feeding new track on wagon mounted groove rim rollers, further increases the fed gauge, thus improving the ability of fed rails to clear lateral truck chassis members. The rails are articulated about a vertical axis to ease curve laying and new rail supports are retracted during non-operational transit. The trains minimum requirements are: a gantry truck for lifting and lowering rails, an open framed truck longer than rail length, trucks bearing respectively old and new rails, and means of varying the guage on the open truck. Wagons are joined by conventional couplings and new rails by articulating link pieces.
Patent CH-586245-A5 (CH)
Title: Heat-stable polymers - addition prods. of polyimides, polyhydroxy alcohols and amine reactants/catalysts
IPC: C08G73/10
Filed: 1973-12-21
Abstract: Polyaddn. prods. contg. imide gps. are prepd. by reacting at 50-280 (100-250) degrees C 1 mol. polyimides (1) contg. per mol. is not 2 residues of formula:- where D is bivalent C=C gp. esp. -CH=CH- with 0.3-1 mol. equiv. polyhydric alcohol (II) in presence of 0.1-10 (0.5-5) wt. % basic reactant/catalyst, (III). (I) is pref. a bis-maleinimide of formula:- where R = 2-30C bivalent organic residue and where R' = -CH2-, -CMe2-, -SO2-, -SO-, -S-, -O-, m = O or 1 esp. N,N1 = 4,41- diphenylmethane-bis-maleinimide. The prods are used for castings, mouldings, laminates, surface coatings, adhesives and expanded products used in the paint, electrical, laminating and building industries. Cured prods. esp. when post cured at high temps. have exceptionally high stability to heat. Prepn. of the intermediate, shelf-stable compsns. prior to shaping and curing has none of the disadvantages i.e. foul smell, toxicity, of bis-malenimide/aliphatic dithiol systems and cured products when burnt do not evolve foul, toxic vapours.
Patent FR-2036513-A5 (FR)
Title: Mould for composite heels for shoes
IPC: A43B21/00
Filed: 1969-03-21
Granted: 1970-12-24
Abstract: Core is of synthetics and envelope is natural or synthetic leather. The inner wall of the heel mould cavity is covered with an envelope of a material different from that of the core; then synthetics is injected, giving a good bond between envelope and core. Pref. the inner face of the envelope is coated with neoprene glue, then a binder layer is deposited on it and contains plastics dissolved in a solvent, to give a good bond with the injected material.
Patent FR-2049681-A5 (FR)
Title: Halogenated alk(en)yl sulphenyl morpholines
IPC: C07D295/26
Filed: 1969-06-17
Granted: 1971-03-26
Abstract: Halogenated alk(en)yl sulphenyl morpholines Cpds. of formula (where R is trihalo methyl, ethyl or vinyl in which at least 2 of the H atoms are substd. by halogen; X= one or more alkyl and/or cycloalkyl gps. At least one of the three possible R gps. attached to the S-atom must be as defined, one or two may be H) are fungicides herbicides, bactericides, insecticides, anthelmintics and general pesticides. Used in agriculture as seed dressings, for treating seedlings, fruit and foliage in general and in human and veterinary medicine and in the foodstuffs industry as a fungicide.
Patent FR-2116889-A5 (FR)
Title: Roller prodn - by introducing rubber into space between flexible cover and core in moulding casing
IPC: B29C70/68
Filed: 1970-12-10
Granted: 1972-07-21
Abstract: Roller with a case and a flexible cover is proudced by (a) placing the cover pref. of PTFE round a core placed in a moulding casing, (b) supporting the cover so that a space is present between the core and the cover, (c) introducing rubber, pref. silicone rubber, into the space, (d) exercising a pressure on the rubber while it is introduced into the space in order to ensure that the rubber expands the cover so that the cover is forced against the inner surface of the casing, until the rubber fills practically all of the available space and presses the cover along the axial length against the casing to bond the cover with teh rubber and the rubber with teh core, and (e) removing the roller construction consisting of cover, rubber and core from the moulding casing. Roller is useful e.g. as range of treating roller in textile industry, or as ink transfer rollers.
Patent FR-2087853-A5 (FR)
Title: Nuclear reactor core characteristics indicator
IPC: G21C17/10
Filed: 1971-03-25
Granted: 1971-12-31
Abstract: Optical indicating appts. for multidimensional representation of the state, and esp. the characteristic values of the fuel elements and control rods in a nuclear reactor core, utilising a colour television tube with an electron beam, producing vertical lines each of which is associated with a fuel element or a control rod in such a way that the colour of each line or group of lines gives an indication of the instantaneous value of each magnitude in the calculation for the corresponding fuel element or control rod.
Patent FR-2196055-A5 (FR)
Title: Joining pipelines oscillating relative to each other - esp. at great depths under water with simplest and most robust universal anchoring joint
IPC: F16L39/04
Filed: 1972-08-10
Granted: 1974-03-08
Abstract: A pipeline joint for connecting the stationary pipes at the well head on the sea bed, to the oscillating installation on the surface has a foundation with a bridge forming the anchorage for the universal joint through which the moving ranks of rigid pipes come down to a jointing station on one face of the bridge, whilst on the other face, the ends of the stationary pipes are arranged on a rack. Along both stations, a carriage moving on rails carries the diving bell with manipulators, and the flexible pipes having in great loops make the connection from one station to the other.
Patent FR-2240620-A5 (FR)
Title: Alcohol detector for car ignition switch - measures temp. humidity and alcohol content of breath to inhibit ignition for excess alcohol
IPC: B60K28/06
Filed: 1973-08-09
Granted: 1975-03-07
Abstract: The ignition switch is pulled out of the dashboard and exposes a number of detectors onto which the driver breathes. A first detector monitors the breath temperature to see if it lies within a set range. A second detector monitors the breath humidity within set limits using a gyroscopic layer on an insulator. A third detector monitors the alcohol contant of the breath using a semiconducting layer of metal oxide which absorbs alcohol. The temp. of the metal oxide layer is set w.r.t. the temperature and humidity levels of the other two detectors to provide an accurate threshold level for the alcohol concentration.
Patent FR-2209369-A5 (FR)
Title: Texturised yarn tension compensation unit - with spring-loaded yarn guide in yarn path as it is drawn out
IPC: D02G1/02
Filed: 1973-11-28
Granted: 1974-06-28
Abstract: The texturised yarn, of polyamide or polyester filaments, passes through the yarn guide in a horizontal U-shaped path defined by a fixed roller, and a pair of rollers on a carrier held by a spring. The purpose is to provide a constant compensation for inequalities in tension imparted to the yarn by nature of the texturising process, to reduce the rejection rate through imperfections.
Patent DD-156216-A5 (DD)
Title: Verbesserte medizinische trennvorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung derselben
Inventor: GEEL ZANE H
IPC: A61M1/18
Filed: 1980-05-14
Abstract: Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Verbesserungen an medizinischen Trennvorrichtungen wie kuendtlichen Nieren mit Hohlfasern. Ziel der Aufgabe der Erfindung bestehen darin, die Gebrauchseigenschaften derartiger Trennvorrichtungen durch eine geeignete Rohrwand-Huellen-Abdichtung sowie durch Massnahmen zur Gewaehrleistung der richtigen Lage der Fasern in der Rohrwand zu verbessern. Die Vorrichtung schliesst ein Rohrbodenelement mit einem kegelstumpffoermigen, axial zentrierten, faserenthaltenden Teil ein, umgeben von einem faserfreien Scheibenteil, sowie einen blutkammerbildenden Teil, das den kegelstumpffoermigen Teil in Druckdichtungsverbindung, mit der peripheren Flaeche engrenzend an die ebene Aussenendflaeche des Kegelstumpfes, ueberlagert, wodurch eine becherfoermige Blutkammer entsteht. Das Verfahren umfasst das Schleudergiessen eines verfertigbaren Giessharzes in und um die Enden eines Buendels semipermaebler Hohlfasern, die in einer Huelle befestigt und von Endformen umgeben werden, welche mit einer neuen kombinierten Faserzentrier- und Formungsvorrichtung fuer die kegelstumpffoermige Rohrwand versehen sind, die die Fasern sowohl waehrend des Schleudergiessens des Harzes als auch waehrend des Haertens zentriert haelt.
Patent DD-153884-A5 (DD)
Title: Mikroporoeser film mit verbesserter wasserdurchlaessigkeit und/oder verringertem elektrischem widerstand
Inventor: NELSON R LAZEAR
IPC: H01M50/491
Filed: 1980-09-04
Abstract: D. Erfindg. betrifft einen hydrophilen offenzelligen, mikroporoesen Film mit verbesserter Wasserdurchlaessigkeit und/oder verringertem elektrischem Widerstand. D. erfindungsgemaesse Film besitzt:a) einen offenzelligen normalerweise hydrophoben mikroporoesen Film, der eine gegenueber der Schuettdichte eines Vorlaeuferfilms, von dem ausgegangen wird, geringere Schuettdichte, eine mittlere Porengroesse von ungefaehr 200 bis ungefaehr 10.000 Angstroem und eine Oberflaeche von wenigstens 10 m hoch 2 /g hat, und b) einen Ueberzug auf der Oberflaeche der Mikroporen des mikroporoesen Films aus wenigstens einem hydrophilen organischen Kohlenwasserstoffmonomer mit wenigstens ungefaehr 2 bis ungefaehr 18 Kohlenstoffatomen u. wenigstens eine Doppelbindung mit wenigstens einer polaren Funktionsgruppe, wobei der genannte hydrophile, organische Kohlenwasserstoffmonomerueberzug chemisch auf der Oberflaeche der Mikroporen des mikroporoesen Films durch Aussetzen einer ionisierenden Strahlung von ungefaehr 1 bis ungefaehr 10 Megarad und einem Ausmass, das ausreicht,d. offenzellige Natur d. mikroporoesen Films und einen Zusatz von ungefaehr 0,1 bis ungefaehr 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des nicht ueberzogenen mikroporoesen Films, zu erhalten, fixiert wird. Der Film kann z.B. als Batterieseparator dienen.
Patent DD-157462-A5 (DD)
Inventor: SCARTAZZINI RICCARDO
IPC: C07D501/20
Filed: 1981-01-28
Abstract: The invention relates to the novel crystalline hydrochloride and the crystalline hydrobromide of 7 beta -[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid pivaloyloxymethyl ester, a process for the production thereof, and pharmaceutical preparations that contain these compounds.
Patent DD-204130-A5 (DD)
Title: Kraftstoffzufuehrungssystem eines viertakt-verbrennungsmotors beim einsatz eines benzin-wasser-gemisches
Inventor: STEFANOV ZVJATKO L
Filed: 1982-08-12
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftstoff-Zufuehreinrichtung zum Betrieb von Verbrennungsmotoren mit Benzin niedriger Oktanzahl bei Wasserzufuehrung. Neben dem Kraftstoff wird das Wasser ueber einen Zerstaeuber ins Venturirohr des Vergasers eingebracht. Ziel ist es, die Zufuehrung so zu verbessern, dass die Umstellung auf Kraftstoff mit niedriger Oktanzahl nur bei geeigneten Betriebsbedingungen des Motors erfolgt. Es wird die Aufgabe geloest, die Zufuehrung in geeigneter Weise vom Motorbetrieb abhaengig umzusteuern. Das wird erreicht durch temperaturabhaengige Zufuehrung von niederoktanigem oder hochoktanigem Benzin, wobei beim Betrieb mit niederoktanigem Benzin die Wasserzufuehrung erfolgt. Das Wasser kann auch ueber eine Beschleunigerpumpe, aehnlich wie der Kraftstoff, gefoerdert werden. Die Kraftstoff-Zufuehreinrichtung kann sowohl ohne als auch mit Wasserzufuehrung ohne motorische Aenderungen angewandt werden.
Patent DD-207014-A5 (DD)
Title: Fahrbare anlage und verfahren zur kontinuierlich fortschreitenden sanierung des gleisunterbaues
Inventor: THEURER JOSEF
IPC: E01B27/02
Filed: 1982-12-02
Abstract: Fahrbare Anlage und Verfahren zur kontinuierlich fortschreitenden Sanierung des Gleisunterbaues mittels eines ueber Schienenfahrwerke abgestuetzten und die Einbauluecke ueberbrueckenden Arbeitsfahrzeuges. Dieses weist eine Raeumvorrichtung zur Aufnahme des Schotters und Foerderband-Anordnungen zum Einbringen von Schotter und Sand sowie fuer den Transport des aufzunehmenden bzw. verunreinigten Schotters eine weitere Foerdereinrichtung auf. Die Erfindung bezweckt die Schaffung einer Anlage, die sich durch eine einfache und robuste Bauweise auszeichnet und mit welcher auch verfahrensgemaess eine besonders leistungsfaehige, kontinuierlich fortschreitende Sanierung eines Gleisunterbaues ermoeglicht wird. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass fuer die Einbringung von Schotter und Sand jeweils eine eigene, dem Raeumketten-Aufnahmeteil vollstaendig nachgeordnete Foerderband-Anordnung vorgesehen ist, die beide zur Foerderung in Arbeitsrichtung der Anlage ausgebildet sind. Das Abwurfende der Sand-Foerderband-Anordnung ist zwischen dem Raeumketten-Aufnahmeteil einerseits und einer Sand-Planiereinrichtung sowie dem Abwurfende der dem Raeumketten-Aufnahmeteil nachgeordneten Schotter-Foerderband-Anordnung andererseits vorgesehen.
Patent DD-215996-A5 (DD)
Title: Verfahren zur herstellung einer siliciumdioxidbeschichtung
Inventor: KAWAHARA HIDEO
IPC: C03C17/25
Filed: 1983-09-15
Abstract: Eine Siliciumdioxidbeschichtung wird auf der Oberseite eines Substrats, beispielsweise einer alkalimetallenthaltenden Glastafel dadurch gebildet, dass das Substrat in eine Behandlungsfluessigkeit eingetaucht wird, die durch Hinzufuegen von Borsaeure zu einer waessrigen siliciumdioxid-gesaettigten Loesung von Kieselfluorwasserstoffsaeure erhalten wird. Nach Herstellen der Siliciumdioxidbeschichtung durch Eintauchen des Substrats in die Behandlungsfluessigkeit, wird Borsaeure zur Behandlungsfluessigkeit hinzugefuegt, um die Behandlungsfluessigkeit wiederholt zu verwenden, wobei die Siliciumdioxidbildungsfaehigkeit der Behandlungsfluessigkeit auf einem konstanten Pegel gehalten wird.