Patent GB-918925-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to piezoelectric generators
IPC: F23Q3/00
Filed: 1959-11-17
Abstract: 918,925. Piezo-electric generators. CLEVITE CORPORATION. Nov.  17 , 1959 [Nov. 28, 1958], No. 38939/59. Class 35. [Also in Group XXVII] A method of producing an electrical potential suitable for energizing a spark igniter comprises subjecting a piezo-electric element to a controlled mechanical force which varies progressively between predetermined values in such a manner as successively to squeeze and release said element whilst avoiding impact with or hammer blows upon said element, to generate an electrical potential in said element, and discharging said electrical potential at a time in the cycle of force application when said potential is of a suitable magnitude. In the device shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the crystal element 46 of the piezo-electric unit 21 is squeezed once and released once during each revolution of the flywheel. The crank-case housing wall has an insulating plate 26 made of " Bakelite " (Registered Trade Mark) or the like connected to it for limited rotary adjustment about the crank-shaft axis by means of bolts 27 which extend through arcuate slots 28 in ears 29 which are integral with the plate 26. Thus the insulating plate 26 may be rotated slightly in a forward or reverse direction to alter the timing of the engine. This adjustment may be manual or automatic. Sleeve 33 has welded to its outside face a V-shaped lever retainer 34 in which one end 35 of a lever arm 36 rests. The other end of the lever 36 extends into and forms part of the piezo-electric unit 21 to alternately squeeze and release its element 46 as the subassembly, comprising the flywheel 20, the piezo-electric unit 21, the lever arm 36, and the sleeve 33, rotate around the stationary eccentric bushing 32. The rotating flywheel 20 through the piezo-electric unit 21 and the lever arm 36 drives the sleeve 33 around the bushing 32. The potential due to compression of the crystal element 46 is held until the proper time for firing the plug. This time is determined by the juxtapositioning of the lead 47 and a stationary conductive pin 48 which is mounted in the plate 26. The pin 48 is directly connected to the spark-plug. For certain engines it is essential to bleed the second potential due to release of the crystal to ground or it can be discharged through the spark-plug at a time when no ignitable gases are present in the cylinder. Preferably this spark is grounded by means of the contact 49. It is feasible to use the release potential and ground the squeeze potential. As shown in Fig. 14 the crystal preferably is comprised by two separate cylindrical elements 61 and 62 electroded on their end faces and mounted end to end within the rubber insulator 60. At the outer end of crystal element 61 there is a thin metal plate 63 whose major faces are covered with a very thin layer of electrically conductive rubber 64, and adjacent the rubbercovered metal plate 63 there is a heavy metal end-plate 65. The conductive rubber 64, the metal plate 63 and the end-plate 65 establish the electrical ground connection for the crystal element 61, and in addition distribute the compressional forces at the end of the crystal element. A set-screw 66 extends through the housing 54 into engagement with the metal end-plate 65 completing the ground connection. The set-screw 66 is turned to preload the crystal elements with, for example, about 200 pounds per square inch. Preferably the crystal elements 61, 62 are cylindrical pieces of polycrystalline ceramic material such as barium titanate, lead titanate, zirconate or the like suitably polarized and electroded. The elements 61, 62 are electrically in parallel. One element or more than two elements may be used. In the device shown in Fig. 7 the piezo-electric unit 21 is mounted on the stationary plate 70. As the eccentric bushing 79 rotates the arm 36 is actuated thereby stressing the crystal element. The housing 77 may be turned to advance or retard the spark discharge. If two spark plug discharges are required the release spark may be used. Thus two cylinder engines may be operated. A single lobe cam will perform the same function as the eccentric sleeve. Also multi-lobe cams or compound eccentrics (en elipse) may be used for multi-cylinder engines. In Fig. 12 the eccentric 150 and the distributer 152 are driven by the motor 157. There are two spark-plugs 158, 159 which are fired by the two potentials from the element 151. Fig. 13 shows an ignition system for a four-cylinder engine. In Fig. 16 there are two crystal elements, one at each end of the housing 54. As the crankshaft rotates twice during each cycle of an eightcylinder engine, there will be eight spark potentials produced during one cycle, four of them squeeze potentials, and four of them release potentials. These eight potentials are discharged in properly timed relationship through the eight spark-plugs of the engine. A piezoelectric element always connected to the sparking-plug may be employed as shown in Fig. 18. Preferably the shaft 90 is the cam-shaft. Specification 918,926 is referred to.