Patent GB-191205952-A (GB)
Title: Improved Means for the Regulation and Control of Railway and like Traffic.
Inventor: KRAMER HANS VON
IPC: B61L3/22
Filed: 1912-03-09
Granted: 1912-08-29
Abstract: 5952. Kramer, H. von. March 9. Electrical systems, automatic; track apparatus actuating signals on and other than on trains; signalling to and communicating between trains and cabins.-In an automatic inductive signalling-system for communicating between cabins and trains, a line wire 1, Fig. 1, is laid along the track and extends along approximately four-fifths of the signalling-block. At the end of the block, an extension 2 of the line wire forms a clearing-section. Between the line wire 1 and the extension 2 is a current-restoring section 114 for starting an alternate-current generator on the train in order to induce a current in the line wire of the next block. The track wires and cabin apparatus are shown in Fig. 1. Upon a train entering a section, the alternating current passed through a coil carried on the train induces a current in the line wire 1, whereby the windings 16, 17 of a relay, constructed according to Specifications 10,856/11 and 5950/12, [both in Class 40(iii), Telegraphs, Electric], are excited. This breaks a normally - closed battery circuit, whereupon a magnet 36 is de-energized. This causes a lever 37 to fall and complete two battery circuits. The closure of the first of these circuits excites a magnet 44, thereby holding a lever 46 down. The closure of the second of these circuits, which is dependent upon the signal lever being in the open position E, causes excitation of a solenoid 15. The effect of this is to raise a plunger 59, a dash-pot 62 rendering this movement sluggish. As the plunger rises, it connects the contacts 60, 61. This completes a circuit whereby a red glow lamp 70 is lighted and a bell 77 is rung. By means of a supplementary circuit, the lamp continues to glow as long as the train is in the section, even after the last circuit is broken. The closure of the lamp circuit and the consequent excitation of a magnet 68 in that circuit closes another circuit, whereby a magnet 87 is excited. This magnet closes the circuit of a battery 95 and starts an alternating - current generator 98. At the same time, a coarse winding of a solenoid 101 is energized. This is sufficient to hold the lever in the position F, but is not sufficient to pull it over from E to F. The current from the generator 98 passes through the current-restoring section 114. By this time, the signalman is pulling the lever over from E to F. This has two effects, the first being to break the circuit containing the solenoid 15, and consequently to break the lamp circuit. All the other circuits described as normally open are still closed. The second effect of pulling the lever over is to close a circuit whereby a magnet 45 is exeited. This magnet is not sufficiently powerful to attract the lever 46 against the attraction of the magnet 44, which is still excited. The train apparatus now ceases to generate current, and the consequent stoppage of current in the line wire 1 deenergizes the relay windings 16,17. The magnet 36 is consequently excited, the bar 37 is raised, and the magnet 44 de-energized. The lever 46 is thereupon attracted by the magnet 45, and connects contacts 47, 48. The circuit in which the contacts occur is open, because the lever 37 is raised. The cabin apparatus remains in this state until the train enters the clearing section 2. In passing over the current-restoring section 114, an alternating-current generator on the train was started. When, therefore, the train enters the clearing section 2, current is induced in the line wire 1 and the relay windings 16, 17 are again energized, but owing to the lever being in the position F, a different set of circuits are brought into action. As before, the lever 37 drops, and the consequent connexion of the contacts 38, 39 completes the circuit of the magnet 44. As, however, the lever is in the position F, the lever 46 is held up by the magnet 45 and the magnet 44 is consequently inoperative. The simultaneous connexion of the contacts 40, 41 causes the solenoid 15 to be excited and the plunger 59 to be raised, and the contacts 60, 61 consequently connected. This completes a circuit containing the bell 77, a green lamp 127, and a magnet 128. The ringing of the bell and the glowing of the lamp indicate to the signalman the passing of the train out of the section. The excitation of the magnet 128 completes a circuit exciting the magnet 87, but the time taken by a train in passing over the clearing section 2 is so short that these circuits are almost immediately broken and restored to their original condition by the falling of the plunger 59. Should the signalman fail to move the lever from E to F on a train entering the section, the plunger 59 continues to rise. The contacts 140, 141 are connected, thereby completing a circuit containing a magnet 36<1>, thereby locking the lever 37 in its lower position. The plunger 59 then completes the circuit 134, 135, whereupon a fine winding of the solenoid 101 is energized and the lever automatically pulled over from E to F. The plunger, continuing to rise, finally raises a bar 14, which starts the generator 98 and completes circuits containing a recording-instrument 148 and an alarm bell 145. The starting of a current in the line wire operates a warning- device on a second train which may have entered the section, and ultimately stops the train by actuating the throttle valve. The train equipment is shown in Fig. 2. On passing a currentrestoring section 114, a current is induced in a coil 200. This energizes the windings 16, 17 of a relay which breaks a normally closed circuit, thereby de-energizing a magnet 215. A counterweighted lever 216 is thereupon allowed to rise, completing a circuit containing a solenoid 222. The excitation of this solenoid raises a plunger 230. This completes circuits whereby a lamp 236 is caused to glow and a whistle 235 to be sounded. When the plunger commences to rise it lifts a pin 238 thereby allowing a bar 239 to rise, and permitting a spring drum 245 to rotate for one revolution. This completes circuits whereby a generator 255 is caused to energize the coil 200 in order to induce a current in the line wire of the succeeding section. Should the train be stopped while the drum is rotating, the operation of the throttle valve completes a circuit whereby a brake 280 is applied to the drum. Should the current sent through the train apparatus last for a sufficient time, as when a current is sent through a line wire in consequence of the presence of two trains in one section, the plunger continues to rise and contacts are completed so that a recording-apparatus 148 is operated and a magnet 283 is excited, the effect of which is to pull over automatically the throttle-valve lever 270. In both the cabin and train apparatus, telephonic apparatus is provided and suitable switches are placed in the various circuits to enable signalmen and drivers to communicate. A coil 290, Fig. 2, is energized for the purpose of supplying current for telephonic communication. In foggy weather, the action of the train apparatus is modified by opening a switch 221. In this case, when current is induced in the coil 200, the lever 216 is allowed to rise and connect contacts 217, 218 as previously described. The effect of completing this circuit is to raise the plunger 230 and to lift the lever 301, whereby a clock-work drum 304 is allowed to rotate through one revolution. This completes a circuit whereby the brake 280 is operated and the drum 245 consequently prevented from turning. The plunger 230, therefore, continues to rise, thereby completing circuits for energizing the coil 200 and operating the throttle-valve and whistle. Specifications 25,407/09, 16,419/10, and 21,451/10, relating to telephonic communication between cabins and trains, are referred to. Different trains or classes of trains may be equipped with alternating-current apparatus of different predetermined periodicities, the cabin apparatus then being equipped with telephone receivers or relays tuned to the periodicities of the various alternating currents.