Patent GB-869047-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for separating gases
IPC: B01D53/22
Filed: 1959-06-25
Abstract: <PICT:0869047/III/1> <PICT:0869047/III/2> The components of gaseous mixtures are separated by passing a stream of the mixture at at least one atmosphere over the surface of a plurality of thin-walled, very small diameter non-porous glass tubes and collecting the component which passes through the walls of said tubes; or alternatively by introducing said gaseous mixture at at least one atmosphere into a gas tight chamber containing a plurality of closed, but otherwise similar glass tubes, whereby one component diffuses into said tubes, and thereafter removing the gas remaining in said chamber and collecting said component, which diffuses out of said tubes into the chamber.  As described, the Specification is concerned with mixtures comprising helium and/or hydrogen such as natural gas (from which helium is separated) neon (from which trace amounts of helium are removed) and a mixture of hydrogen isotopes such as hydrogen, deuterium and tritium (from which hydrogen is removed). For the separation of helium a temperature of 300-600 DEG C. is preferred through if hydrogen is also present 100-300 DEG C. is more suitable: for separation of hydrogen 500-800 DEG C. may be employed. The pressure may be up to 2000 atmospheres or more.  The preferred glass contains at least 75% singly or in aggregate respectively of one or more of SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3 and P2O5.  The tubes employed may have inside diameters from 16 microns-100 mils and wall thicknesses from 1 micron-20 mils: in an illustrated embodiment 10 ft. tubes having an outside diameter of 26 mils and an inside diameter of 20 mils were used. Fig. 1 illustrates an apparatus employing the first method in removing helium from natural gas.  The mixture of gases enter a compression chamber 50 in a thermostatically-controlled heated enclosure through port 60 and passes through said chamber as indicated by the broken line 68 due to the presence of baffles 62 which also support capillary tubes 68, closed at the left hand end, which are held in wire mesh trays after the manner shown in Fig. 2B. The natural gas is vented at 58 and helium passes into end chamber 54 separated from the larger part of the compression chamber by baffle 52 into which said tubes are sealed by means of a resin seal (e.g. an epoxy resin containing 5% silica particles). The tubes open into the chamber 54 and helium entering said tubes passes into the chamber and is thence withdrawn.  The gas mixture may if desired be preheated to supplement or replace the heating apparatus and heat exchange with the gas withdrawn from the compression chamber may be employed. Several units of the type shown may if desired be connected in series.  The apparatus may be modified by providing a chamber similar to chamber 54 at the opposite end of the compression chamber, into which the capillary tubes (not in this case closed at one end), are sealed.  The mixture may then be passed through the tubes and helium withdrawn from the central zone.  In an illustrated embodiment of an apparatus employing the second method, particularly for removing trace quantities of helium from neon, similar bundles of capillary tubes closed at both ends are supported in the same way in an undivided compression chamber having at one end a valved inlet line and at the other a bifurcated outlet line leading through valves respectively to reservoirs for helium and helium-free gases, said reservoirs containing exhaust pumps to withdraw the desired gases from the compression chamber.