Patent GB-913370-A (GB)
Title: Shrink proofing of wool
IPC: D06M16/00
Filed: 1961-04-12
Abstract: Wool is shrink-proofed by grafting on to it a condensation polymer by treating the wool serially with the reagents required to form the desired polymer and forming the polymer in situ on the wool. Polyamides may be grafted on to wool by treating it with a diamine and a diacid chloride, polyurethanes by treating with a diamine and a bischloroformate, polyureas by treating with a diamine and a diisocyanate, polyesters by treating with a diol and a diacid chloride, polycarbonates by treating with a diol and a bischloroformate, polysulphonamides by treating with a diamine and a disulphonyl chloride and polysulphonates by treating with a diol and a disulphonyl chloride, the components being applied in either order and being reacted by drying the impregnated wool. The corresponding thio polymers may be produced by using sulphur-containing components. Graft polymers such as polyureas and polythioureas may be produced by using urea, thiourea, biuret, dithiobiuret or guanidine and a diacid chloride.  The diamines, diols, diacid chlorides, bischloroformates and diisocyanates used, of which numerous examples are given, may be substituted by non-interfering (non-functional) substituents, e.g. ether, thioether, tertiary amino, sulphone and fluorine groups, and the diamines and/or diols may be used in the form of their alkali metal salts.  Mixtures of the components may be used to form, for example, poly esterurethanes and poly urethane-ureas.  The components may be applied as solutions, colloidal solutions, emulsions or suspensions in mutually immiscible solvents the polymer being formed at the interface between the phases. Suitable pairs of immiscible solvents are water and benzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, hexane, octane, petroleum ether or other volatile petroleum distillate; 2-bromoethyl acetate and benzene or n-hexyl ether; formamide, dimethyl formamide or diethyl formamide and n-hexyl ether; adiponitrile and ethyl ether n-butyl ether or carbon tetrachloride; ethylene glycodiacetate and n-hexyl ether; benzonitrile, n-butyl ether, di-N-propyl aniline, isoamylsulphide, benzene, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, dimethylaniline or ethyl benzoate and formamide; benzene or n-butyl ether and nitro-methane.  If the diamine and/or diol are used in the form of their alkali metal salts, the solvents may contain hydroxy groups.  The solutions may also contain catalysts, e.g. pyridine, dimethyl aniline, quinoline, alkali metal hydroxides, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, trisodium phosphate, tributyl tin chloride, stannous tartrate, ferric chloride, titanium tetrachloride, borontrifluoride-diethyl ether complex and tri laurate and myristate and surface-active agents, e.g. sodium alkyl (C8-C18) sulphates, sodium alkane (C8-C18) sulphonates, sodium alkyl (C8-C20) benzene sulphonates, esters of sulpho succinic acid, soaps and the reaction products of ethylene oxides with fatty acids, polyhydric alcohols, partial esters of fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols or alkyl phenols.  Each of the solutions preferably contains 1-20% by weight of the components and 1-10% by weight of polymer are preferably grafted on the wool.  Numerous examples are given.ALSO:Wool is shrink-proofed by grafting on to it a condensation polymer by treating the wool serially with the reagents required to form the desired polymer and forming the polymer in situ on the wool. Polyamides may be grafted on to wool by treating it with a diamine and a diacid chloride, polyurethanes by treating with a diamine and a bischloroformate, polyureas by treating with a diamine and a diisocyanate, polyesters by treating with a diol and a diacid chloride, polycarbonates by treating with a diol and a bichloroformate, polysulphonamides by treating with a diamine and a disulphonyl chloride and polysulphonates by treating with a diol and a disulphonyl chloride, the components being applied in either order and being reacted by drying the impregnated wool.  The corresponding thio polymers may be produced by using sulphur-containing components. Graft polymers such as polyureas and polythioureas may be produced by using urea, thiourea, biuret, dithiobiuret or guanidine and a diacid chloride.  The diamines, diols, diacid chlorides, bischolorformates and diisocyanates used, of which numerous examples are given, may be substituted by non-interfering (non-functional) substituents, e.g., ether, thioether, tertiary amino, sulphone and fluorine groups, and the diamines and/or diols may be used in the form of their alkali metal salts.  Mixtures of the components may be used to form, for example, poly ester-urethanes and poly urethane-ureas.  The components may be applied as solutions, colloidal solutions, emulsions or suspensions in mutually immiscible solvents, the polymer being formed at the interface between the phases. Suitable pairs of immiscible solvents are water and benzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, xylene, ethylene dichloride, chloroform, hexane, octane, petroleum ether or other volatile petroleum distillate; 2-bromoethyl acetate and benzene or n-hexyl ether; formamide, dimethyl formamide or diethyl formamide and n-hexyl ether; ethylene glycoldiacetate and n-hexyl ether; adiponitrile and ethyl ether, n-butylether or carbon tetrachloride; benzonitrile, n-butyl ether, di-N-propyl aniline, isoamylsulphide, benzene, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, dimethylaniline or ethyl benzoate and formamide; benzene or n-butyl ether and nitro-methane.  If the diamine and/or diol are used in the form of their alkali metal salts, the solvents may contain hydroxy groups.  The solutions may also contain catalysts, e.g. pyridine, dimethyl aniline, quinoline, alkali metal hydroxides, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, trisodium phosphate, tributyl trichloride, stannous tartrate, ferric chloride, titanium tetrachloride, borontrifluoride-diethyl ether complex and tri laurate and myristate and surface active agents, e.g. sodium alkyl (C8-C18) sulphates, sodium alkane (C8-C18) sulphonates, sodium alkyl (C8-C20) benzene sulphonates, esters of sulphosuccinic acid, soaps and the reaction products of ethylene oxides with fatty acids, polyhydric alcohols, partial esters of fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols or alkyl phenols.  Each of the solutions preferably contains 1-20% by weight of the components and 1-10% by weight of polymer are preferably grafted on to the wool.  The wool may be in the form of bulk fibres, slivers, rovings, yarns, felts, woven or knitted textiles or garments.