Patent GB-797409-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process for preparing basic alkaline earth metal alkylaryl sulfonate
Inventor: SHARRAH MARION LESTER
IPC: C10M159/24
Filed: 1956-08-17
Abstract: Highly basic alkaline earth metal alkaryl sulphonates are prepared by heating a mixture of an oil-soluble sulphonic acid, an alkaline earth metal compound and water in the temperature range 220-390 DEG  F. at superatmospheric pressure.  The alkaline earth metal compound is in excess of that required for neutralization of the acid and the water is present in 5-100 parts per 10 parts of the metal compound.  The amount of the metal compound used varies from 120-200 per cent of that which will react stoichiometrically with the sulphonic acid. Suitable sulphonic acids are those obtained by the sulphonation of aromatic and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. petroleum fractions, or products of the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, naphthalene, alkylnaphthalene, diphenyl and alkyl diphenyls.  The alkylation may be made under the influence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from 3 to more than 30 carbon atoms.  Preferred sulphonic acids are those obtained by the alkylation of benzene or toluene with tri-, tetra- or pentapropylene fractions, obtained by the polymerization of propylene, or those obtained by the alkylation of benzene or toluene with one or more equivalents of a halogenated petroleum wax having from 18 to more than 30 carbon atoms.  Suitable alkaline earth metal compounds are oxides, hydroxides, alcoholates, carbonates, carboxylates, sulphides, hydrosulphides, nitrates, thiocarbonates and borates of magnesium calcium, strontium and barium, e.g. calcium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, magnesium acetate, strontium benzoate, barium lactate, barium hydrosulphide, strontium nitrate and magnesium borate. Suitable solvents in which the reaction can take place are aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. 170 pale oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene and toluene, or aliphatic, olefinic, cycloaliphatic and cyclo-olefinic hydrocarbons containing less than 10 carbon atoms may be used.  A small amount of alcohol may also be present in the reaction mixture.  Examples are given of the preparation of compounds from a sulphonic acid prepared by the sulphonation of diwax benzene and (1) barium oxide (2) calcium hydroxide, using hexane, and 170 pale oil as a solvent mixture, together with a small amount of isopropanol.ALSO:Lubricating oil compositions comprise a phosphorus pentasulphide-treated wax olefine and an alkaline earth metal alkylaryl sulphonate which has been prepared by heating a mixture of an oil-soluble sulphonic acid, an alkaline earth metal compound and water at 220-390 DEG  F. at superatmospheric pressure.  The alkaline earth metal compound is present in excess of that required for neutralization of the sulphonic acid and the water is present in the proportion of 5-100 parts per 10 parts of alkaline earth metal compound, and is subsequently removed from the mixture.  Compounds mentioned are those prepared from a sulphonic acid obtained by the sulphonation of diwax benzene and calcium hydroxide or barium oxide. Other sulphonic acids which may be used are those obtained by the sulphonation of aromatic and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons such as aromatic petroleum fractions and alkylation products of benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, diphenyl, alkyl-diphenyls, chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene and chloronaphthalene, using alkylating agents having from 3 to more than 30 carbon atoms or halogenated petroleum wax having from about 18 to more than 30 carbon atoms.  Suitable alkaline earth metal compounds are the oxides, hydroxides, alcoholates, carbonates, carboxylates, sulphides, hydrosulphides, nitrates, thiocarbonates and borates of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.  The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil and/or a fatty oil such as corn oil, soybean oil or lard oil. Antifoaming agents or pour-point depressents may also be present in the lubricating oil composition.