Patent GB-586155-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the art of imparting scroop to fabrics and in emulsions therefor
IPC: D06M13/188
Filed: 1943-09-10
Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion, which may be used to impart scroop to yarns or fabrics, has as the disperse phase, a mono-ester or esters of a glycol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms with a higher fatty acid or mixtures of higher fatty acids having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and a continuous phase comprising an aqueous solution of a film-forming protective colloid, i.e., a substance soluble in water to give a solution which on evaporation in thin layers forms continuous films, such as gelatin, glue, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum karaya, gum shiraz, gum tragacanth, alkali casein, methyl cellulose, soluble starch, soluble alginates, polyvinyl alcohol, locust bean gum and the product obtained by adding aluminium formate to a solution of casein in dilute aqueous alkali referred to below as "casein-aluminium formate complex."  Advantageously, the emulsions may contain other material such as emulsifying agents, preservatives and weakly acidic material such as a weak organic acid or an acidic reacting salt of an organic acid, specified compounds being: formic, acetic, lactic, glycollic, citric, tartaric, phthalic, maleic, succinic and malic acids; aluminium formate or acetate, (both normal and basic salts) ammonium lactate, ammonium oxalate, zinc acetate and zinc formate. Other weakly acidic materials specified are: water-soluble acid reacting inorganic salts selected from sulphamates, sulphates and phosphates, compounds named being: aluminium sulphate, zinc sulphate, ammonium sulphamate, aluminium sulphamate, zinc sulphamate, mono-ammonium phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate. The acidic material may be supplemented by an organic emulsifying agent other than a soap, specified agents being oil-soluble and water-soluble compounds, viz.: the petroleum sulphonates, salts of mahogany acids, fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of alkylated napthalene sulphonates, sulphocarboxylic esters (such as dioctyl sodium sulpho-succinate), acylated protein degradation products, higher secondary alcohol sulphates, alkyl sulphonates such as sodium cetyl sulphonate, sulphated oils, condensates of alkylene oxides and fatty acids or fatty alcohols, as well as the various cation-active wetting agents, such as the quaternary ammonium compounds, pyridinium compounds and oxazolidinium compounds.  The disperse phase may also include a mineral oil, e.g., one having a viscosity of 50 to 100 seconds Saybolt, at 100 DEG F., and small quantities of waxes.  Specified mono-esters constituting the disperse phase include esters of ethylene or propylene glycol with lauric acid, the mixed fatty acids of coconut oil, palm kernel oil, babassu oil, and the acidic fraction containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms per molecule obtained by the oxidation of petroleum. In Examples (1) to (5) scrooping compositions are obtained thus: (1) sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate solution is mixed with gelatin solution and ethylene glycol mono-laurate at 30-35 DEG C. is added to the resulting mixture with rapid agitation and thereafter a further quantity of water together with the preservative, sodium pentachlorphenate, is added before the mixture is passed through a colloid mill or homogenizer; (2) from the following ingredients mixed as in (1) the aluminium formate being added last to the emulsion at 40 DEG C.:a :b  - propylene glycol mono-laurate, gelatin, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium orthophenyl phenate (preservative), water and aluminium formate solution 15 DEG  Be.; (3) as in (1), the sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate being replaced by potassium oleate or tri-ethanolamine oleate, or by the sodium salt of mahogany acids, the last named optionally being dissolved in the ethylene glycol mono-laurate; (4) from the following ingredients mixed as in (1) the gum arabic solution being first added to the water and the ester subsequently added: a :b  - propylene glycol mono coconut fatty acid ester, 50 per cent. gum arabic aqueous solution containing a preservative; (5) ethylene glycol mono coconut fatty acid ester is emulsified in the casein-aluminium formate complex at the temperature of liquefaction of the complex and water is then added.  In examples (6) to (8) textile yarn or goods are treated with any of the emulsions obtained in the previous examples as follows: (6) a skein of cuprammonium yarn, freed from oil and size by boiling and optionally dyed is worked at room temperature in a bath containing 1 to 5 per cent. of the emulsion, based on the weight of the emulsion, and a weight of water of from 10 to 25 times the weight of the skein. After 15 minutes treatment the skein is extracted and dried. Optionally p  0.5 to 2 per cent. (based on the weight of the skein) of formic acid is added to the bath a few minutes before the emulsion is introduced; (7) rayon knit goods suitably scoured and optionally dyed are impregnated for fifteen minutes with a two per cent. (based on the weight of the goods) aqueous solution of the emulsion in an apparatus such as a mangle at atmospheric temperatures and thereafter dried; (8) rayon knit goods are dyed and scoured in a reel type machine, the die-bath is run off and the machine is filled with a weight of water equal to 10 to 25 times the weight of the goods, at 100 DEG F. and containing two per cent. of the emulsion (based on the weight of the goods).  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 329,266, [Class 1 (i)]ALSO:An oil-in water emulsion, which may be used to impart scroop to yarns or fabrics, has as the disperse phase, a mono-ester or esters of a glycol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms with a higher fatty acid or mixtures of higher fatty acids having 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and a continuous phase comprising an aqueous solution of a film-forming protective colloid, i.e. a substance soluble in water to give a solution which on evaporation in thin layers forms continuous films, such as gelatin, glue, gum arabic, gum ghatti, gum karaya, gum shiraz, gum tragacanth, alkali casein, methyl cellulose, soluble starch, soluble alginates, polyvinyl alcohol, locust bean gum and the product obtained by adding aluminium formate to a solution of casein in dilute aqueous alkali referred to below as "casein-aluminium formate complex." Advantageously, the emulsions may contain other material such as emulsifying agents, preservatives and weakly acidic material such as a weak organic acid or an acidic reacting salt of an organic acid, specified compounds being: formic, acetic, lactic, glycollic, citric, tartaric, phthalic, maleic, succinic and maleic acids; aluminium formate or acetate (both normal and basic salts) ammonium lactate, ammonium oxalate, zinc acetate and zinc formate. Other weakly acidic materials specified are: water-soluble acid reacting inorganic salts selected from sulphamates, sulphates and phosphates, compounds named being: aluminium sulphate, zinc sulphate, ammonium sulphamate, aluminium sulphamate, zinc sulphamate, mono-ammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. The acidic material may be supplemented by an organic emulsifying agent other than a soap, specified agents being oil-soluble and water-soluble compounds, viz. the petroleum sulphonates, salts of mahogany acids, fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of alkylated naphthalene sulphonates, sulpho-carboxylic esters (such as dioctyl sodium sulpho-succinate), acylated protein degradation products, higher secondary alcohol sulphates, alkyl sulphonates such as sodium cetyl sulphonate, sulphated oils, condensates of alkylene oxides and fatty acids or fatty alcohols, as well as the various cation-active wetting agents, such as the quaternary ammonium compounds, pyridinium compounds and oxazolidinium compounds.  The disperse phase may also include a mineral oil, e.g. one having a viscosity of 50 to 100 seconds Saybolt, at 100 DEG  F., and small quantities of waxes.  Specified mono-esters constituting the disperse phase include esters of ethylene or propylene glycol with lauric acid, the mixed fatty acids of coconut oil, palm kernel oil, babassu oil and the acidic fraction containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms per molecule obtained by the oxidation of petroleum. In example (1) to (5), scrooping compositions are obtained thus (1) sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate solution is mixed with gelatin solution and ethylene glycol mono-laurate at 30-35 DEG  C. is added to the resulting mixture with rapid agitation and thereafter a further quantity of water together with the preservative, sodium pentachlorphenate, is added before the mixture is passed through a colloid mill or homogenizer, (2) from the following ingredients mixed as in (1) the aluminium formate being added last to the emulsion at 40 DEG  C. a  : b -propylene glycol mono-laurate, gelatin, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium orthophenyl phenate (preservative), water and aluminium formate solution 15 DEG  Be; (3) as in (1), the sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate being replaced by potassium oleate or tri-ethanolamine oleate, or by the sodium salt of mahogany acids, the two last-named optionally being dissolved in the ethylene glycol mono-laurate; (4) from the following ingredients mixed as in (1) the gum arabic solution being first added to the water and the ester subsequently added: a  : b -propylene glycol mono-coconut fatty acid ester, 50 per cent gum arabic aqueous solution containing a preservative; (5) ethylene glycol mono-coconut fatty acid ester is emulsified in the casein-aluminium formate complex at the temperature of liquefaction of the complex and water is then added.  In examples (6) to (8) textile yarn or goods are treated with any of the emulsions obtained in the previous examples as follows: (6) a skein of cuprammonium yarn, freed from oil and size by boiling and optionally dyed is worked at room temperature in a bath containing 1 to 5 per cent of the emulsion, based on the weight of the emulsion