Patent EA-000904-B1 (EA)
Title: Fuel combustion device and method
Inventor: SUDAREV ANATOLIJ VLADIMIROVICH
IPC: F23D14/22
Filed: 1998-01-24
Abstract: 1. Burner for fuels suitable for spraying, in particular gaseous fuels, having  - a substantially cylindrical fire tube (3),  - a fire tube cover (1) arranged on the upstream end of the fire tube (3)  - a fuel nozzle (2) terminating centrally in the fire tube cover (1) and  - a plurality of first and second means to feed combustion air into the fire tube, characterised in that,  - the means to feed combustion air into the fire tube (3) are designed as air line nozzles (4 and 5),  - the first and second air line nozzles (4 and 5) are inclined in the direction of counterflow to the axis of the fire tube (3),  - the first air line nozzles (4) terminate at the fire tube (3) whilst the second air line nozzles (5) extend into the fire tube, and  - a first air line nozzle (4) is assigned to each second air line nozzle (5) and arranged upstream directly adjacent thereto. 2. Burner according to claim 1 characterised in that a third air line nozzle (4') is assigned to each second air line nozzle (5) and arranged upstream directly adjacent thereto, the third air line nozzles (4') being inclined in the direction of counterflow to the axis of the fire tube (3) and terminating at the fire tube. 3. Burner according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that, viewed in the axial direction, a fourth air line nozzle (4") is arranged between each two adjacent second air line nozzles (5), the fourth air line nozzles (4") being inclined in the direction of counterflow to the axis of the fire tube (3) and terminating at the fire tube. 4. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 3 characterised in that the first air line nozzles (4) are arranged in a first axis-vertical row (6) and that the axial distance (x) between the fuel nozzle (2) and the openings of the first air line nozzles (4) is approx. 0.70 times to 0.85 times the fire tube diameter (d). 5. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 4 characterised in that the air line nozzles (4, 5, 4', 4") are inclined by the same angle (~) to the axis of the fire tube (3). 6. Burner according to claim 5 characterised in that the air line nozzles (4, 5, 4', 4") are inclined by approx. 55 to 60 degree  to the axis of the fire tube (3). 7. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 6 characterised in that the openings of the second air line nozzles (5) extending into the fire tube (3) are at a distance (y) to the fire tube (3) which is approx. 0.15 times to 0.18 times the fire tube diameter (d). 8. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 7 characterised in that the total cross-section of the second air line nozzles (5) is approx. 0.6 times to 0.7 times the total cross-section of the first and optionally third and fourth air line nozzles (4, 4', 4"). 9. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 8 characterised in that the first and optionally the third and fourth air line nozzles (4) exhibit different cross-sections, of which at least some are elongated in the direction of the axis of the fire tube (3). 10. Burner according to claim 9 characterised in that the first and optionally the fourth air line nozzles (4, 4") each contain a maximum of two guide plates (8) which are preferably transverse to the axis of the fire tube (3). 11. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 10 characterised in that the relevant outlet opening of the second air line nozzles (5) is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the relevant air line nozzle (5). 12. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 11 characterised in that the fire tube cover (1) is flared inside, starting from the fuel nozzle (2), towards the fire tube (3). 13. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 12 characterised in that the fuel nozzle (2) exhibits a ring of outlet openings (9) which are inclined in the direction of flow away from the axis of the fire tube (3). 14. Burner according to claim 13 characterised in that the angle of incline of the outlet openings (9) of the fuel nozzle (2) to the axis of the fire tube (3) is 40 - 45 degree . 15. Burner according to any one of claims 1 through 14 characterised in that the fire tube (3) is provided downstream of the air line nozzles (4, 5, 4', 4") with several circularly arranged openings for combustion air. 16. Method for operating a burner according to claim 1, the fuel being fed centrally into a combustion zone where it is mixed with combustion air, characterised in that, combustion air is blown into the combustion zone in such a manner that a highly turbulent toroidal eddy forms in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the fire tube, the direction of rotation of the turbulent toroidal eddy inside being in counterflow to the flow of combustion products in the axial direction. 17. Method according to claim 16 characterised in that the fuel is fed into the toroidal eddy substantially in the form of an opening cone. 18. Method according to claim 16 or 17 characterised in that the highly turbulent toroidal eddy takes up the centre of the combustion area.