baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1065178-A (CN)
Inventor: TONGMING SONG
IPC: A01H5/10
Filed: 1992-05-05
Abstract: 甜笋玉米杂交种制种技术属于特种用途玉米杂
种优势的利用。以BA23和BA39为亲本配制的笋
玉米杂交种“农大甜笋101”，具有笋形好，劣笋率低，
加工性好，抗病性强，色泽好，味道好，产笋量高等优
点，每亩产笋1300-20000个，合0.35吨左右，3-4
亩即可生产一吨优质罐头，比现有其他品种增产
50％～1倍以上。
Patent CN-1072390-A (CN)
Title: 安全产氧剂(固体氧)
Inventor: CHENGYUAN GONG
IPC: C01B13/02
Filed: 1992-12-18
Abstract: 本发明安全产氧剂(固体氧)，属于医用氧气技术
领域，特别涉及采用过碳酸钠作反应剂，在催化剂的
作用下，于水中发生分解反应产生氧气的配方。本发
明研制的由二氧化锰、高岭土及载有二氧化锰的颗粒
活性炭所组成的复合催化剂在化学产氧过程中较好
地控制了反应速度，且产氧速度平稳，氧及氧纯度符
合国家药典规定。经临床使用证明，该复合催化剂三
种组成混合在一起使用，产氧均匀、投加方便，使用者
容易掌握。
Patent CN-1090447-A (CN)
Inventor: MOTOHASHI TERHYUKI
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 1993-01-29
Abstract: 一种数据显示无线传呼机，用于在接收到包含有
预先指定的地址号码的信号时，产生呼叫并在显示器
上显示该信号中包含的消息。当该无线传呼机接收
到具有时间数据的信息信号时，它能按信息中包含的
时间数据所定的特定时间再次向该无线传呼机用户
发出呼叫并在显示器上显示该信息。
Patent CN-1117846-A (CN)
Inventor: JIAHUA TAN
IPC: A61K31/495
Filed: 1995-07-13
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种抗禽畜白痢病组合物，它含有氟哌酸和救必应。本发明的组合物有广谱抑菌作用，主要用于沙门氏菌感染引起的雏鸡白痢、仔猪黄痢、白痢、腹泻等。具有使用方便，安全性高，见效快，治愈率达90％以上。
Patent CN-1174187-A (CN)
Title: 三卤甲基苯丙酮的合成方法
Inventor: TANG HUANYU
IPC: C07C45/00
Filed: 1996-08-20
Abstract: 本发明涉及医药化工中间体三卤甲基苯丙酮的合成方法。该方法以取代的苯乙腈为原料与CH 3 COOR,及R 2 ONa反应,然后水解制得。本发明反应简单,产品收率高,纯度好,适宜于工业化生产。
Patent CN-1212430-A (CN)
Title: 半导体集成电路器件
Inventor: HAYATO MAENAMI
IPC: G11C11/407
Filed: 1998-09-16
Abstract: 一种半导体集成电路器件,其特征在于包含一由设置在多行及多列上的多个存储单元构成的主存储部分;及由设置在多行及多列上的多个存储单元构成的从存储部分;用于通过数据传输总线将所述主存储部分与所述从存储部分相连的双向数据传输电路;所述从存储部分由多个存储单元组构成,并提供多个寄存器,从而对多个所述存储单元组单独设置不同的数据输入/输出模式。因此,本发明的半导体集成电路具有适于通过多个数据处理器进行存取的主存储器。
Patent CN-1275130-A (CN)
Title: 人类基因hspc018(cbccfe10)
Inventor: YU YAPING
IPC: C07K14/47
Filed: 1998-08-11
Abstract: 本发明公开了CBCCFE10多肽和多核苷酸以及通过重组技术生产该多肽的方法。本发明还公开了在治疗和诊断试验中利用CBCCFE10多肽和多核苷酸的方法。
Patent CR-20110545-A (CR)
Title: Metodo para el tratamiento de cultivos con un pesticida encapsulado
Inventor: BRAHM LUTZ
IPC: A01N25/28
Filed: 2011-10-18
Abstract: Se refiere a un método para el tratamiento con pesticida de cultivos, que tiene una altura de crecimiento final de por lo menos 140 cm, que comprende el tratamiento con un pesticida encapsulado a una altura de crecimiento del cultivo de por debajo de 120 cm.
Patent CR-20120394-A (CR)
Title: Composición herbicida sinergística que contiene aminopyralid y ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético
Inventor: CARRANZA GARZON NELSON
IPC: A01N39/04
Filed: 2012-07-23
Abstract: Una composición herbicida que contiene (a) aminopyralid y (b) 2,4-D brinda control sinergístico de las malezas de hojas ancha seleccionadas.
Patent CR-20140215-A (CR)
Title: Ciclopenta (d) pirimidinas como inhibidores de la proteina cinasa akt
Inventor: MITCHELL IAN S
IPC: A61K31/517
Filed: 2014-05-09
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona compuestos de la Fórmula I, incluyendo tautómeros, enantiómeros reducidos, diastereómeros, solvatos, metaboilitos, sales y profármacos farmacéuticamente aceptables de los mismos. Fórmula (I). También se proporcionan méto
Patent CR-20150541-A (CR)
Title: Compuestos y composiciones nuevos para la inhibición de fasn
Inventor: BAIR KENNETH W
IPC: A61K31/4965
Filed: 2015-10-13
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a compuestos y composiciones para la inhibición de FASN, su síntesis, aplicaciones y antídotos.
Patent CR-20170128-A (CR)
Title: Mecanismo de auto-retracción para cabeza de atomización de grifo
Inventor: LI HSIAO CHANG
IPC: E03C1/04
Filed: 2015-09-21
Abstract: Se revela una cabeza de atomización de grifo auto-retráctil que tiene un mecanismo de auto-retracción que incluye un conjunto de acoplamiento provisto en un extremo del cuerpo del grifo para facilitar la retracción automática y acoplamiento de la cabeza de atomización. El conjunto de acoplamiento incluye un mecanismo cargado por muelle que acopla automáticamente la cabeza de atomización al cuerpo del grifo cuando un adaptador conectado a la cabeza de atomización se pone en contacto con el conjunto de acoplamiento.
Patent EC-SP034454-A (EC)
Title: Agente terapeutico cristalino
Inventor: STOREY RICHARD ANTHONY
IPC: A61P15/10
Filed: 2003-01-28
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona un polimorfo de 1-{6-etoxi-5[etil-6, 7, -dihidro-2-(metoxietil)-7-oxo-2H-pirazol [4, 3-d]pirimidin-5-il]-3piridilsulfonil}-4-etilpiperazina.
Patent EC-SP044949-A (EC)
Title: Formulacion liofilizada de 2-metil-tieno-benzodiazepina
Inventor: DEKEMPER KURT DOUGLAS
IPC: A61K9/19
Filed: 2004-01-19
Abstract: La invención proporciona una formulación parenteral, liofilizada, amorfa de olanzapina.
Patent EC-SP066402-A (EC)
Title: Interruptor de una paleta de balancín con accionamiento de leva flexible
Inventor: ODDSEN DENNIS
IPC: H01H21/24
Filed: 2006-03-01
Abstract: Queda presentado un interruptor encendido - apagado que opera al empujar la porción inferior de una paleta de balancín para encender o apagar el interruptor. El borde inferior de la paleta de balancín gira hacia adentro o hacia fuera sobre su extremo superior. Los medios resorte de polarización fuerza a la porción inferior de la paleta de balancín a quedarse hacia fuera cuando el interruptor está en la posición de encendido o apagado. La paleta de balancín del interruptor no está colocada dentro de un marco y tiene, a lo largo de su eje vertical, una superficie de primer diferencial positivo y segundo diferencial cero, formado por una combinación de acanaladura que se extienden entre los puntos de distancias variables de un plano de información. La superficie tiene un segundo diferencial cero cuando el porcentaje de incremento de altura de las acanaladuras individuales es constante.Un accionamiento de leva flexible unido a la paleta de balancín del interruptor ocasiona que la leva rote en el mismo sentido de las manecillas del reloj, cada vez que se presiona la paleta del balancín. La rotación alterna de la leva conduce a un miembro deslizante que tenga una leva a un movimiento de ida y vuelta a lo largo del eje linear. Un resorte plano o en láminas ayuda a la leva a seguir al movimiento del deslizante y a determinar sus otras posiciones. Se utiliza un indicador como el LED para determinar el estado de conducción del interruptor.
Patent EC-SP099621-A (EC)
Inventor: SAUNDERS DEREK
IPC: A61K31/407
Filed: 2009-09-09
Abstract: Spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds corresponding to formula I in which R1 and R2 form a pyrrolidine ring or an azetidine ring and which exhibit increased metabolic stability, a process for producing such spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds, and the use of such spirocyclic cyclohexane compounds to treat or inhibit pain and/or other disorders.
Patent EC-SP951527-A (EC)
Title: Proceso continuo para la produccion de peroxidos de dialquilos
Inventor: BURCH ROBERT HAROLD
Filed: 1995-09-05
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a un proceso perfeccionado para la preparación de los peróxidos dialquilos de olefinas sulfatadas y peróxidos de hidrogeno.
Patent EE-9900559-A (EE)
Inventor: JANNE LINKOLA
IPC: H04W12/06
Filed: 1998-06-02
Abstract: A method and apparatus for the control of a subscriber identity module (SIM) in a data communication system, preferably a mobile communication system. The data communication system includes first and second subscriber registers (HLR 1, HLR 2 ) for maintaining subscriber records defining a subscriber identity module registry, a short message transmission system (SMSC) for transmission of messages in the communication system, and a mobile station (MS) connected to the subscriber identity module (SIM) for use by a subscriber in effecting mobile communications through the data communication system. The subscriber identity module (SIM) stores therein data comprising a first subscriber code (IMSI 1 ) and an encrypted code key (K<SUB>i</SUB>) corresponding to a first subscription for the mobile station subscriber and associated with the subscriber identity module A record of data corresponding to the first subscription is created in the first subscriber register (HLR 1 ) when the first subscription is opened, the record comprising a first subscription specific call number (MSISDNx), the encryption code key (K<SUB>i</SUB>) and a subscriber identity code (IMSI 1 ) for the mobile station subscriber. A second subscription for the mobile station subscriber and associated with the subscriber identity module (SIM) is opened; a record corresponding to the opened second subscription and comprising a second subscription-specific call number (MSISDN), a second subscriber identity code (IMSI 1 ) and the encryption key (K<SUB>i</SUB>) is created in the second subscriber register (HLR 2 ); a message (SMS) is sent through the communication system directed to the first subscription and instructing that the data stored in the subscriber identity module be changed from data corresponding to the first subscription to data corresponding to the second subscription.
Patent FI-19991976-A (FI)
Inventor: LEPPISAARI ARTO
IPC: H04W72/14
Filed: 1999-09-16
Abstract: A method is provided for allocating a radio resource in a packet switched data transmission system, such as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), which data transmission system includes terminals and a network. In the method, terminals communicate with the network over the radio interface using the packet transfer mode, and for communication, a radio resource is allocated to the terminal. For allocating the radio resource, for the packet switched implementation of a realtime service, a first message is transmitted from the terminal to the network and the first message is received in the network. The network identifies the first message as a radio resource request for the packet switched implementation of a realtime service and allocates to the terminal the requested radio resource for the packet switched implementation of the realtime service. A wireless terminal and network element relating to the method are also provided.
Patent FI-20030653-A (FI)
Inventor: VIRTANEN LASSI
IPC: B66F7/04
Filed: 2003-04-30
Abstract: A lifting device (30) for lifting an intermediate platform (20) provided in a cargo container (10), such as the congestion of a truck or trailer, by means of which device the intermediate platform can be lifted to a desired height in the cargo container. Height lifting device comprises hoisting wire ropes (40) and a hydraulic cylinder (32) used to move the sheaves (34) of the hoisting wire ropes. At the edge of the intermediate platform is a horizontal box (31) attached to the intermediate platform, inside which box the hydraulic cylinder is mounted and which has a height dimension greater than the thickness of the intermediate platform. Preferably even the opposite edge of the intermediate platform is provided with another horizontal box (50) supporting the intermediate platform.
Patent FI-20085649-A (FI)
Inventor: SANDBERG JUHO
IPC: F01N13/08
Filed: 2008-06-26
Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion engine comprising several cylinders (2a, 2b), which are arranged in at least one row, the engine being provided with an air compressor (3) and a compressed air channel(4) that extends over substantially theentirelength of the cylinder row, for feeding compressed air into the cylinders (2a, 2b), whereby the compressed air channel(4) is located adjacent to the cylin- der row, and with an exhaust manifold (5) that is in communicationwith the cylin- ders (2a, 2b) and supported bythe compressed air channel(4).According to the invention, a cooling arrangement is arranged between the compressed air channel (4) and the exhaust manifold (5).
Patent FI-20125397-A (FI)
Inventor: KARHUKETO HANNU
IPC: G06F3/147
Filed: 2012-04-11
Abstract: An electronic label tag (100) and electronic label tag system (300) wherein electronic label tag (100) comprises machine readable identifier module, communication module for receiving product related information, attachment means for attaching the electronic label tag (100) to product, and display for displaying product related information. The machine readable identifier module of the electronic label tag (100) is configured to activate the communication module and/or display in response to a command received by the machine readable identifier module.
Patent GB-1050073-A (GB)
IPC: B21C33/00
Abstract: 1,050,073. Extruding. BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. April 1, 1965 [May 26, 19641, No. 13852/65. Heading B3P. In the extrusion of metal a disc of lubricant material 23, Fig. 6 (not shown) is placed in front of the billet 40 adjacent the entrance to the container bore 41 and is pushed into the bore and against the die 13 by the billet. The latter which may be of carbon or alloy steel, is heated in a furnace or molten salt bath, coated with a layer of viscous lubricant, and placed on pivoted transfer arm 16, Fig. 4 (not shown), which is moved by a motor 18 into alignment with the container bore. A lubricant disc preferably of agglomerated glass powder, is placed on a second transfer arm 24, Fig. 3 (not shown), gripped by spring biased jaws 30 and moved by a motor 25 into alignment with the container bore to be pushed therein by the advancing billet and press ram 11, Fig. 6 (not shown). A mandrel 44, Fig. 7 (not shown), is used when extruding tubes.
Patent GB-1050581-A (GB)
Abstract: 1,050,581. Centrifugal separators. SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE. Nov. 20, 1962 [Sept. 14, 1961], No. 32975/61. Heading B2P. [Also in Division C2] Nitric esters are stabilized by a continuous process comprising feeding a mixture of crude nitric ester and spend acid from a nitrator to a series of at least three stages, in which each stage has a separator which continuously separates the nitric ester from the bulk of other phases and an emulsifier in which nitric ester from the separator is continuously emulsified with water or an aqueous alkaline solution, and in which the separator of at least one stage is a hydrocyclone separator, the nitric ester being passed between stages as an emulsion along pipes which are sufficiently narrow to prevent a detonation of the emulsion being propagated along pipes between stages. In an example, nitroglycerine prepared in injector nitrator 1 is passed to centrifugal separator 2 in which it is separated from spent acid; is subsequently emulsified with water in eductor 3; is separated from the water in separator 5 and then emulsified with aqueous sodium carbonate in eductor 7; is separated from the aqueous phase in separator 10 and emulsified with water in eductor 12; is separated from the aqueous phase in separator 14 and finally emulsified in eductor 15 prior to passage through take off pipe 16. At least one of the separators 5, 10 and 14 is a hydrocyclone separator, suitably of the form shown in Fig. 2 which comprises an outer casing 31 having inlet pipe 32, spent wash water take-off pipe 33 and a narrow orifice 34 from which the nitroglycerine is passed through pipe 35 to the relevant eductor 8, 12 or 15.
Patent GB-1051328-A (GB)
IPC: C07D295/185
Abstract: 1,051,328. Substituted piperazines. KYORIN SEIYAKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Sept. 24, 1964 [Sept. 26, 1963], No. 38971/64. Heading C2C. Novel 1,4-bis(halogenophenoxyacetyl)-piperazines in which the halogenophenyl groups have the formula wherein X represents a halogen or the trifluoromethyl group, Y represents hydrogen or an alkoxy group and Z represents hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group, are prepared by reacting a 1,4-bis (haloacetyl)-piperazine with the required phenol in the presence of a hydrogen halide acceptor. Pharmaceutical compositions, useful as analgesics and which exhibit a depressive effect against the central nervous system, contain as the active ingredient one or more substituted piperazines of the above general formula. The compositions may be administered orally in the form of powders or granules or in the form of a solution or suspension or may be administered by injection.
Patent GB-1226082-A (GB)
IPC: G01B13/08
Filed: 1969-01-16
Abstract: 1,226,082. Pneumatic gauges. AFRICAN EXPLOSIVES & CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Jan.16, 1969 [Jan.31, 1968], No.2667/69. Heading G1M. A gauging device for measuring the crosssectional dimension of an article 11 passing through it comprises a chamber 3 between the entrance and exit of a passage 2, a duct 9 to supply fluid to the chamber and a duct 10 to convey fluid from the chamber to a fluid logic circuit, variations in the rate of escape of fluid through the space defined by the surface of the article and the surface of the passage affecting the rate of flow of fluid through the duct 10, which flow acts as a control signal to the fluid logic circuit. The fluid is preferably air at an excess pressure of about ten inches of water and may be derived from the fluid logic circuit or an air blower. The cross-sectional area of the end 4 of the passage 2 may be adjusted by screwing or unscrewing a nut 8 to compress or release a flexible ring 6. The fluid logic circuit may be designed to use the flow-rate signal through the duct 10 to record variations in the cross-sectional area of the article, to stop the process producing the article if predetermined dimensions are exceeded or to automatically rectify the cause of the variation. The signal may also be converted into a visual or audible warning. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 918, 843.
Patent GB-1226636-A (GB)
IPC: H01H50/68
Filed: 1968-12-09
Abstract: 1,226,636. Attracted armature relays. W. PRIESEMUTH. 9 Dec., 1968 [22 Dec., 1967], No.58309/68. Heading H1N. An electromagnetic relay has two separate magnetic circuits each having an armature which bridges yoke members on energization of a coil which surrounds core members in both circuits. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the coil 29 surrounds two parallel cores 19 which each extend to form yoke contact members 22, 23, 24 arranged so that the yoke members of respective cores extend in opposite directions. Respective armatures 21 mounted on springs 20 co-operate with the ends of yoke members 23, 24 and act as movable electric contacts. The parts 19, 20 of both magnetic circuits are mounted in stacked form with insulators 25, 26, 27, 28 between them and secured on an insulating plate 17 by rivets 30, 31. The plate 17 is mounted above a plunger armature relay (Fig. 1) having change-over snap-action contacts 4 and delayed action due to a throttling constriction 12 and non-return valve 14. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement in which two relays R, P, each having two separate magnetic circuits are mounted on the same base 17 and have series coils 36, 37 of differing turns so as to operate at different current values. These can be connected in series with the time delay relay of Fig. 1 to operate the contacts of relay P each time the time delay relay shortcircuits its coil whilst the relay R remains operated (Fig. 6, not shown).
Patent GB-1230363-A (GB)
IPC: B01J45/00
Filed: 1969-01-03
Abstract: 1,230,363. Ion exchange. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES OF AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND Ltd. 3 Jan., 1969 [24 Jan., 1968], No. 473/69. Heading B1J. [Also in Division C3] Polymeric resins which comprise ion exchange reactive groups of two types, for example acidic and basic or strongly acidic and weakly acidic or strongly basic and weakly basic, may be used in ion exchange processes, particularly in continuous countercurrent adsorption ion exchange processes. The resins may be used for the removal of ionic constituents from solutions and for the fractionation and concentration of ionic substances; specified applications include water softening, the treatment of sugar-containing plants and the purification of products therefrom, the separation and purification of amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins and hormones, and the recovery from food wastes of organic acids such as citric, ascorbic and tartaric acids. A resin which contains weakly acidic and weakly basic groups (see Example 2) is equilibrated with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at room temperature (see Example 5); the resin is regenerated by contact with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at 80‹C. A resin which contains strongly acidic and weakly acidic groups (see Example 6) is used in a mixed bed in the purification of water contaminated with humic acid (see Example 7); humic acid precipitated on the resin does not impair the ion exchange properties of the resin, which is capable of being regenerated, and can be removed by backwashing with hot water. A resin which contains strongly acidic and weakly basic groups and which has been complexed with ferric ions (see Example 8) is suitable for the purification of water, being capable of removing both metallic ions and humic acid.
Patent GB-1231816-A (GB)
IPC: C07D498/08
Filed: 1968-05-27
Abstract: 1,231,816. Rifamycin derivatives. CIBAGEIGY A.G. 27 May, 1968 [29 May, 1967], No. 25141/68. Heading C2A. 3 - Formyl rifamycin SV (Specification 1,109,631) is prepared by irradiation with ultra-violet light in an anhydrous or aqueous solvent at a temperature below - 10‹ C. of a 3-aminomethyl rifamycin S of Formula (V) wherein R is a free or substituted amino group and subsequently hydrolysing the resultant product. The ultra-violet light may be natural or artificial, e.g. mercury high pressure or low pressure burner. The solvent may be an alcohol, e.g. isopropanol, an ether, e.g. dioxane, a ketone or diethyl- or dimethyl-formamide, which may contain water. Hydrolysis is obtained by adding water and allowing to stand for several days. After removal of the solvent, the 3- formyl-rifamycin-SV is purified by chromatography on silica gel using chloroform and 10% acetone as solvent. The 3-aminomethyl rifamycin S may have the amino group substituted by one or more aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radicals, which may be the same or different. The invention also relates to isolated 3-amino rifamycin S compounds of Formula (V) in which R is a free or substituted amino group (cf. Specification 1,090,115). These compounds may be prepared by treating a corresponding 3-aminomethyl rifamycin SV in an inert organic solvent with potassium ferricyanide at a temperature not above 0‹ C. A pharmaceutical composition comprises a 3-aminomethyl rifamycin S compound of Formula (V) and a carrier for oral, parenteral or topical use.
Patent GB-1232053-A (GB)
IPC: B65B35/50
Filed: 1968-09-27
Abstract: 1,232,053. Stacking sheets. KOOPERATIVA FORBUNDET. 27 Sept., 1968 [29 Sept., 1967], No. 46002/68. Heading B8R. Articles are stacked by permitting at least one article at a time to fall essentially freely to a first collecting level at which part stacks are formed, and then permitting the part stacks to fall to a lower level to form a complete stack, while further falling articles are temporarily collected at a level above the first collecting level. apparatus.-Articles 11, e.g. disposable napkins, are fed from a processing machine (not shown) by conveyer belt 12 to means, generally indicated at 10, which allow individual articles to fall vertically on to conveyer belts 15, on which complete stacks are formed and transported away. The means 10 comprises two parallel insertion members, each comprising four blades 29 carried on a rotatable shaft 30, rotation of the members simultaneously through 90 degrees allowing one article supported on horizontal blades 29 to drop vertically. Three fork-shaped members 13, 16, 17 are selectively inserted into the fall path by piston-rods 23, 24, 25 so that suitable part stacks can be formed at any of the corresponding levels. Guides 18, 19, 20 align the articles and part stacks during their fall, their lower ends 21 being pivotable to allow removal of complete stacks.
Patent GB-1233506-A (GB)
IPC: H01Q3/00
Filed: 1969-05-23
Abstract: 1,233,506. Aerials. SOC. LANNIONNAISE D'ELECTRONIQUE. 23 May, 1969 [30 May, 1968], No. 26404/69. Heading H4A. An instrument for enabling an aerial 30 to track in azimuth a satellite manually comprises a fixed sheet 11 incorporating an index 14 in a window 12 and a window 13, a movable band 10 with a longitude scale 17 and a graduated curve 18 ("mean projection") and a pointer 15 the movement of which is repeated by the aerial. In operation scale 17 is set such that index 14 is at the longitude at which the satellite crosses the horizon on northward passage, a stop-watch 42 is started when a clock 41 is at the time at which the satellite crosses the horizon and pointer 15 is moved across scale 18 at minute intervals as given by the chronometer.