Patent GB-190305735-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Manufacture of Pile Fabrics and in Machinery Employed in such Manufacture.
Inventor: FOSTER HERBERT ANDERTON
Filed: 1903-03-12
Granted: 1904-02-18
Abstract: 5735. Foster, H. A. March 12. Pile fabrics ; shuttleless looms for weaving cutpile fabrics. The pile fabric is shown in Fig. 20, and has its backing formed simultaneously with the looping, knotting, or tying-in of the pile, instead of being manufactured as described in Specifications No. 5158, A.D. 1896, and No. 12,811, A.D. 1898. Let-off motions; back rails or rests.-The pile yarn 1, Fig. 1, passes from a beam 1<A> over a guide-bar 1<B>, under a bar 1<c> between a nip bar 2 and block 3, under a bar 1<D>, over a bar 4 of an intermittent let-off motion, under a bar 1<E>, over a bar 1<F>, and under a roller 1<G> to a needle-bar 5. The guide-bars are provided with pins, or are in the form of grids for retaining the pile warps in their correct positions. The nip bar 2 has a screw adjustment 2<A>, and extends across the pile warps. It is pressed against and raised from the block 3 by a bell-crank lever 2<B> actuated by a cam on the shaft 7, to hold the pile threads while the loops are being formed therein. The bar 4 of the let-off motion moves in slides 4<A> at its ends, and is raised to draw from the beam 1<A> the length of threads required for forming the loops, by means of chains 4<B>, which pass over quadrant sectors 4<c> on a shaft 4<D> rocked, through a slotted arm 4<E>, rod 4<F>, and lever 4<G>, by a cam on the shaft 7. The backing or ground warp threads 9 pass from a beam 9<A>, and are shedded by healds 10 in the ordinary way. Reeds; beat-up motions.-The reed 11 is formed of flat metal loops fixed in a bar 11<A>, which is supported at its ends by pivoted arms 11<B>. The arms 11<B> are vibrated to beat up the weft by togglelevers 11<D> operated by a connecting-rod 11<H> and a pivoted lever 11<E> acted upon by a cam on the shaft 7. Picking-motions; hand-power looms.-A double weft from a reel or other source is inserted by a needle fixed at one end to a carriage which is traversed to and fro along a slide bed by means of a link and a lever fixed on a rock-shaft. The rockshaft is oscillated by having projecting arms acted upon by swinging brackets, which are operated by cams on a shaft driven by spur-wheel gearing from the main driving-shaft. The driving-shaft may be turned by hand by means of a ratchet-wheel actuated by a pawl on a hand-lever. Forming and protecting selvages.-The loop or bend at the end of the double weft is secured by passing a selvage thread through it by means of a shuttle, which is reciprocated backwards and forwards across a race formed in the bottom of a bracket secured to the loom frame. The shuttle is traversed by means of a radial arm, which is vibrated through linkwork actuated by a cam. To prevent the selvage from being drawn inwards by the tension on the weft thread, the selvage warp thread and the weft thread at each side are taken hold of by hooks while the weft needle is passing through the shed. The hooks slide up and down in the needle-bar 5, and are moved by linkwork actuated by a cam. The hooks are taken clear out of the threads while the double shot of weft is being beat up. Pile, forming and cutting.-Each pile thread 1, Fig. 17, passes through the eye of a needle 19, which is moved up and down in the needle-bar 5. The needles 19 are moved up between the ground warps 9, and latch needles 21 are moved forward and catch the pile threads 1. At the same time, a double shot of weft is inserted. The needles 19 are now drawn down, leaving loops of the pile thread on the latch needles, and the double shot of weft is beat up by the reed 11. The needles 19 again pass through the warps 9, and the latch needles 21 move back slightly and then move forward, slipping the loops already on them past the latches, and catching hold of the pile threads at the needles 19, so that, when the needles 19 move down, as shown, and the latch needles 21 move back, they draw the second loops through the firstformed loops, which slip off the latch needles. The knot thus formed, shown in the enlarged diagram, is tightened as the latch needles are slightly tilted up, and the last double shot of weft is beat up. Knife-hooks 26 are now moved up through the loops on the needles 21, as shown, and are then moved sideways to allow the latch needles to be moved forward until the loops pass the latches, from which position they are slipped off and left on the knife-hooks. During this operation, the latch needles and knife-hooks are tilted, in the first case to cause the latches to stand up to ensure that they are turned. over by the loops as they are slipped over the same, and in the second case to ensure the knife-hooks taking hold of the loops. The latch needles are drawn outwards, and are tilted up, so that the latches are turned back by a flexible pad 25<A> fixed on a bar 25, which is lowered to engage with the catches when the latch needles are again brought forward for the next cycle of operations. When five or six loops have been placed on the knife-hooks, they are cut by a serrated knife 27, which passes through the knife-hooks and is reciprocated by means of a wire cord passing over pulleys 27<B>, Fig. 1, at each side of the loom and attached to a carriage operated by a cam. The various motions of the pile needles 19, latch needles 21, knife-hooks 26, and bar 25 are produced by suitable linkwork and cams. Take-up motions.-The woven fabric 33, Fig. 1, passes through a cluster of rollers 34, which are operated at each beat-up of a double weft through toothed gearing 31 from a ratchet-wheel 31<A>. The ratchet-wheel is actuated by a pawl 31<C> on a lever 31<B>, which is vibrated by a cam 31<E> acting on a roller 31<D>.