baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20160028559-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN HYUNG CHEOL
IPC: G01R27/26
Filed: 2014-09-03
Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitance measuring method which comprises a step of simultaneously reading capacitance of several channels by using a self capacitance read out circuit of one channel.
Patent KR-20160035405-A (KR)
Title: Exhaust Gas Recirculation Apparatus
Inventor: AHN HYO GEUN
IPC: F02M35/10
Filed: 2014-09-23
Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust gas recirculation device for reducing NO_x. According to the present invention, the exhaust gas recirculation device includes: a reflux unit having a reflux path for recirculating exhaust gas from an engine exhaust manifold to an air suction manifold. The reflux unit comprises: a reflux jacket on one side of an engine cylinder head wherein an inlet is connected to a reflux pipe of the exhaust manifold; an EGR valve unit mounted on an outlet of the reflux jacket; and a pipe unit connecting the EGR valve unit and an air suction manifold flange. Each gasket having a reflux hole is installed between components forming the reflux unit. The reflux hole of the gasket has a diameter smaller than or equal to the inner diameter between the components in which the gasket is installed. The EGR valve unit comprises a temperature-sensitive valve controlling the reflux of exhaust gas by the reflux unit by being operated by an engine heat source.
Patent KR-20160038423-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for etiquette mode setting to smart phone
Inventor: KIM JOO HYUNG
IPC: H04W88/02
Filed: 2014-09-30
Abstract: The present invention is directed to provision of an apparatus and method for an etiquette mode setting for a smartphone. The apparatus comprises: a time setting unit (110) which is able to set a time when a forced etiquette change is required; a forced change command generation unit (120) which generates a forced etiquette mode change command to change a sound mode into a vibration or silence mode when the set time has come; a cancellation command generation unit (130) which generates a cancellation command corresponding to the forced etiquette mode change command when the set time elapsed; a short-distance communication unit (140) which transmits a generated command to a smartphone (200); a count unit (150) which counts information of the smartphone (200); and a result display unit (160) which displays a state and result of a forced etiquette setting. Therefore, when a smartphone owner enters into a specific location, such as a cathedral, a church, a classroom, or the like, a sound mode of a smartphone is forcibly changed into a vibration or silence mode using a forced vibration change device for an etiquette mode setting installed at the specific location, and thus etiquette can be observed at the specific location.
Patent KR-20160041523-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG CHANG MIN
IPC: F02D41/30
Filed: 2014-10-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a cylinder balancing system and method using knock intensity of a dual fuel engine which uses oil fuel and gas fuel. The present invention comprises the following processes of: (step S501) receiving a sensing signal; (step S502) calculating knock intensity; (step S503) understanding whether knock intensity of each cylinder reaches target or average knock intensity; (step S504) determining whether knock intensity of all cylinders reaches target or average knock intensity; (step S505) advancing or delaying a pilot spray time; and (step S506) maintaining a final pilot spray time adjustment value.
Patent KR-20160041562-A (KR)
Title: Opening And Closing Device for Exit
Inventor: YOUN BYOUNG MAN
IPC: E05B63/22
Filed: 2014-10-08
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a door switchgear comprising a shaft which is installed inside a door while being movable in a section and has a power transmission unit for transmitting power when moving in the section; a slider which moves in the section by being interconnected with the shaft by the power transmitted from the power transmission unit when the shaft moves in the section and has a slide guide unit for converting power in the direction perpendicular to the section movement direction; and a latch integrated slide unit which moves in the section along the slide guide unit of the slider and moves in the direction perpendicular to the section movement direction of the shaft. According to an embodiment of the present invention, ease of use and practicality are improved by pushing or pulling a handle of a door in the direction the door opens for opening the door. There is no possibility of failure through simple structure and accurate operation. Productivity is improved through simple assembly, and marketability is improved by a reduction in parts so as to reduce the unit price of the product. The safety of the opening and closing operation of the door is improved because the slide unit rolls along the slide guide unit so as to detect the opening operation of the door by a user. When the crowd gathers in government offices, theaters, etc., accidents can be prevented because the door switchgear is pushed and is not rotated so as to easily open the door.
Patent KR-20160042617-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JI HYUN
IPC: C08J7/044
Filed: 2014-10-10
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a conductive film for a touch film, as a conductive film for a touch film, which is used for a touch panel, comprises: a base member including a stepped portion composed of a concave or convex part and having a pattern corresponding to a pattern for sensing a touch in an effective area; and a sensor electrode comprising a sensor electrode unit formed on the stepped portion in the effective area to correspond to the same. The purpose of the present invention is to provide the conductive film with a simplified manufacturing process to be applied to a touch panel.
Patent KR-20160044304-A (KR)
Title: 부품인식장치
Inventor: KANG SEOK HWAN
IPC: H05K13/02
Filed: 2014-10-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 부품인식장치를 개시한다. 본 발명에 따른 부품인식장치는 캠, 부품을 흡착해서 실장위치까지 이동하는 지지부재, 상기 캠의 위치지점을 경유해서 상기 실장위치까지 설정된 이송경로를 따라 상기 지지부재를 구동시키는 지지부재 구동부, 상기 이송경로 중 상기 캠의 위치지점을 경유하는 각도로 상기 캠의 회전각을 조절하는 캠 각도조절부 및 상기 이송경로를 최적화해서 상기 지지부재 구동부를 제어하는 제어부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20160044785-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE YUN MAN
IPC: A42C1/00
Filed: 2014-10-16
Abstract: A hat (100) having glasses which may be coupled therewith comprises: a hat part (110); and elastic rings (120) attached on both side surfaces of the hat part (110). Moreover, a method for producing a hat having glasses which may be coupled therewith according to the present invention is performed by making the elastic rings (120) attached on both side surfaces of the hat part (110). According to the present invention, elastic rings (120) having various sizes of holes (127, 137) are attached on both side surfaces of a hat part (110), so temples (13) of glasses (10) formed in various sizes may be mounted. The temples (13) are compressed in the holes (127, 137) of the elastic rings (120), so the temples (13) may be prevented from being separated therefrom when a user bends his/her waist or performs strenuous exercise. As in the background art, operation is completed just by picking up and stitching elastic rings (120) by fingers without a process of forming a cut unit in a hat part (110) or attaching a cover, so the operation may be easily performed.
Patent KR-20160052966-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SANG WON
IPC: C12N15/54
Filed: 2014-10-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a transgenic plant having enhanced activity of gene LOC_Os02g04500 including SEQ ID NO: 2 encoding methyltransferase, to a recombinant vector, comprising an expression induction sequence of enhancing activity of the gene, for promoting plant disease resistance, and to a method for producing the transgenic plant. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for promoting plant disease resistance, the method comprising a step of enhancing activity of the gene LOC_Os02g04500. The present invention is directed to transgenic rice which has a strong resistance to bacterial leaf blight and improves the quality of seeds by inserting an expression induction sequence into an expression regulatory site of LOC_Os02g04500, which is a gene resistant to bacterial leaf blight and inherently exists in rice. The use of the transgenic rice of the present invention can reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, improve productivity, and supply safe agricultural products, through the resistance to diseases, and thus the transgenic rice of the present invention can be widely used.
Patent KR-20160058262-A (KR)
Title: method for determining social emotion by Action Unit
Inventor: WHANG MIN CHEOL
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2014-11-14
Abstract: Provided are a social emotion expression classification methodology and a concept thereof which define the facial expressions of seven basic emotions of Ekman by an action unit (AU) of a facial action coding system (FACS) by facial regions and motions and determines whether a facial expression is copied based on an AU code for each official emotion. A method for classifying social emotions and expressions through an AU analyzes an AU and classifies or determines a conscious or unconscious state of an emotional expression based on the AU analysis results.
Patent KR-20150058064-A (KR)
Inventor: DE PELSEMAEKER GEORGES
IPC: F25B41/00
Filed: 2014-11-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid device comprising at least one thermoelectric element (3) which generates an electric current from a temperature gradient applied between two active surfaces (4a, 4b) in a first area (91). The hybrid device (80) comprises a first circuit (1) referred to as a high temperature circuit to allow a flow of a first fluid referred to as a high temperature fluid, and a second circuit (2) referred to as a low temperature circuit to allow a flow of a second fluid referred to as a low temperature fluid having a lower temperature than the high temperature fluid to generate a temperature gradient. The hybrid device (80) further comprises a second area (92) where a heat exchange between the low temperature fluid and the higher temperature fluid is allowed. The hybrid device (80) is designed in such a way that the high temperature fluid flows in an unilateral direction referred to as a first direction (L) to flow through the hybrid device. The first area (91) and the second area (92) are disposed in series in the first direction (L).
Patent KR-20160066690-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM BEOM SU
IPC: A45C11/00
Filed: 2014-12-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a smart phone magnifier case which has a magnifier attached to both ends of the case. The smart phone magnifier case allows a user to conveniently magnify letters displayed on a smart phone by moving a magnifier up and down. Also, the user can conveniently magnify the letters with one hand, and can magnify the letters without touching the screen.
Patent KR-20160067302-A (KR)
Inventor: Jeong seung jun
IPC: G02B26/06
Filed: 2014-12-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical modulation device and a driving method thereof, and particularly, to an optical modulation device including liquid crystal, a driving method thereof, and an optical device using the same to form various diffraction angles of light by controlling a rotational direction of liquid crystal molecules. The device comprises: an active area; a peripheral area located around the active area; a plurality of lower substrate electrodes located in the active area, extending in a first direction, and including a first and a second lower substrate electrodes; and a driving unit applying a driving signal to the first and the second lower substrate electrodes, wherein the driving unit comprises: a first channel connected to an upper end of the first lower substrate electrode; a second channel connected to a lower end of the first lower substrate electrode; and a third channel connected to an upper end of the second lower substrate electrode; a fourth channel connected to a lower end of the second lower substrate electrode.
Patent KR-20160066935-A (KR)
Inventor: YUN SO JEONG
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 2014-12-03
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for screening proteins bonded to a certain compound. The method includes the following steps: obtaining two or more candidate proteins predicted to be bonded to a certain compound; checking a gene ontology (GO) term related to each of the proteins in a GO database including information on biological characteristics of the proteins; obtaining two or more genes representing a statistically significant expression alteration from the GO database when the compound comes in contact with a cell; checking the GO term enriched to the obtained genes in the GO database including information on biological characteristics of the obtained genes; and comparing the GO term related to each of the proteins and the enriched GO term, and then selecting the protein including the same term as the enriched GO term.
Patent KR-20160068600-A (KR)
Inventor: JO DONG PHIL
IPC: H02J7/00
Filed: 2014-12-07
Abstract: The present device is made by attaching a support plate and a rubber suction to a phone charger jack. When a phone is charged in a general life, the phone is fixed to a predetermined place by using the rubber suction attached to the jack so as to prevent the phone from falling over a line. The present device is useful for line arrangement.
Patent KR-20160072662-A (KR)
Title: Composite Double Side Prism Sheet
Inventor: PARK CHUL
IPC: G02B5/08
Filed: 2014-12-15
Abstract: According to the present invention, a transparent inorganic thin layer is utilized as a refraction intermediate layer to allow each of first and second prisms to be formed on a base film of a prism sheet. Therefore, two additional prism sheets may be not used to reduce manufacturing costs and thickness, and simplify a backlight manufacturing process. Especially, a forward prism is configured to be formed on a bottom surface of the prism sheet.
Patent KR-20160072931-A (KR)
Title: Power supply apparatus
Inventor: KWEON GIE HYOUN
IPC: H02M1/00
Filed: 2014-12-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a power supply device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power supply device comprises: an AC/DC converting unit configured to convert input AC power into DC power; a DC/DC converting unit configured to convert the DC power into output power by using a primary side coil and a secondary side coil electrically insulated from the primary side coil; and a standby power generating unit configured to generate standby power by using the input AC power. Therefore, the power supply device can stably supply standby power while consuming a small amount of power in a standby mode.
Patent KR-20160073093-A (KR)
Title: Wide band signal amplifier and broadcasting receiving device using thereof
Inventor: KIM YOUN SUK
IPC: H04N5/44
Filed: 2014-12-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband signal amplifier, comprising: an amplification unit amplifying an input signal; a choke coil coupled to the amplification unit; and a block unit coupled to the choke coil and blocking a leakage current caused by the input signal. The purpose of the present invention is to alleviate a deviation of an amplification gain when a signal with a broadband frequency property is amplified.
Patent KR-20160073833-A (KR)
Title: 스카이 슬라이드
Inventor: PARK JEONG HOON
IPC: A63B22/20
Filed: 2014-12-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 지면에 접지되는 베이스; 상기 베이스의 상부측에 구비되는 스러스트베어링; 상기 스러스트 베어링의 상부측에 회전가능하도록 결합되며, 상측면에 제1탄성부재가 구비되는 회전판; 상기 회전판의 상부측에 결합되되, 상기 제1탄성부재를 감싸도록 형성되는 덮개부; 상기 덮개부의 상측면에 고정되어 설치되며, 제1탄성부재의 상부측과 결합되고, 상측으로 개구된 레일홈이 형성된 레일을 포함하는 슬라이드플레이트; 및 상기 슬라이드플레이트의 양쪽에 각각 삽입되어 슬라이딩되는 발판부;를 포함하여 구성되는 것을 기술적 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20150075372-A (KR)
Inventor: SATO MASATERU
IPC: H01J37/08
Filed: 2014-12-22
Abstract: Provided are a supporting structure capable of reducing the insulation degradation of a repeller and an ion generation device using the same. The ion generation device (10) comprises: an arc chamber (12); the repeller (62) including a repeller plate (64) placed inside the arc chamber, and a repeller extension unit (66) which is inserted and penetrated into a penetration hole (60) connected inside and outside the arc chamber (12); and a supporting structure (70) which is formed outside the arc chamber (12) and supports the repeller by securing a gap (60a) between the repeller extension unit (66) and an inner wall of the penetration hole (60). The supporting structure (70) comprises: a cover member (80) to divide a room (88) connected with the gap (60a) outside the arc chamber (12); and an insulating member (72) to electrically insulate a gap between the arc chamber (12) and the repeller (62).
Patent KR-20160076114-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for parking lot management using video analytics technologies
Inventor: CHUNG HYUN SOO
IPC: G08G1/14
Filed: 2014-12-22
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for providing parking lot information comprises: an initial setting step of recognizing a parking place through image processing on an image photographing a parking place of an empty parking lot, and setting a parking place map including information on the parking place included in the parking lot by using the recognition result of the parking place without inputting information related to a parking place of a user; and a managing step of determining whether each parking place of the parking lot is occupied or not by analyzing the image photographing the parking lot where a vehicle is parked in at least a part of the parking place.
Patent KR-20160077473-A (KR)
Title: Wireless transceiver for smartphone
Inventor: SEONG WON MO
IPC: H04B1/3827
Filed: 2014-12-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless transceiver of a smart phone combination type which is combined with a smart phone by a simple operation method, and can perform wireless communicate by the smart phone like a radio transceiver. According to the present invention, the wireless transceiver includes the wireless antenna of a multi-layered insertion structure fixed to the main body of a wireless transceiver. A radio transceiver module combined with the smartphone in wireless communication, performs a PTT wireless function by using a predetermined button among the buttons of the smart phone. So, the wireless transceiver can function as an emergency communication network.
Patent KR-20150083780-A (KR)
Inventor: SAKAMOTO HIDEO
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2014-12-30
Abstract: The present invention provides a transfer method transferring a substrate held between a placing unit and a cover from a carrier including the placing unit wherein the substrate is placed and the cover superposed on an upper surface of the placing unit in close contact. The transfer method comprises: a holding step of holding the substrate and the cover on the placing unit by a holding apparatus; and a moving step of moving the holding apparatus to move the substrate and the cover from the placing unit to a transfer destination. In the holding step, the cover is held by a cover holding unit of the holding apparatus, and the substrate is held by a substrate holding unit of the holding apparatus in parallel postures of the cover and the substrate.
Patent KR-20160082188-A (KR)
Title: Child finding system using short-range wireless communication
Inventor: KIM YOUNG PYOUNG
IPC: G08B21/02
Filed: 2014-12-31
Abstract: The technical subject of the present invention is to provide a child finding system capable of effectively finding a child even if the child is out of a protector or is far away from the protector. The child finding system according to the present invention comprises: a child terminal which includes a compass sensor and a triaxial acceleration sensor and has a short-range wireless communication function, wherein a child holds the child terminal; and an application which is installed in a portable terminal of the protector and is connected to the child terminal. If a distance between the portable terminal and the child terminal is separated more than or equal to a predetermined distance, the child terminal periodically transmits sensing values of the compass sensor and the triaxial acceleration sensor to the portable terminal by using short-range wireless communications and the application calculates and displays a direction where the child terminal is located based on the portable terminal by using the sensing values received from the child terminal.
Patent KR-20140041747-A (KR)
Inventor: KIRCHHOFER DANIEL
IPC: C07K14/705
Filed: 2012-06-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 PCSK9-결합 폴리펩티드 및 그의 사용 방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20140050629-A (KR)
Inventor: ANTONAIA ALESSANDRO
IPC: C23C14/06
Filed: 2012-06-14
Abstract: 중간 온도 (400 ℃까지) 및 고온 (550 ℃까지) 모두에서 작동하는, 열역학 태양열 설비에 사용하기 위한 진공 타입의 리시버 튜브용 진공 타입박막 스펙트럼 선택 코팅, 광학적 흡수층이 타입: W y N-AlN x  또는 Mo y N-AlN x 의 다층의 서멧 물질인 코팅, Al 표적 및 W 또는 Mo 표적으로부터 반응성 공-스퍼터링 기술로 제조된 물질, 높은-투명도, 높은 성장 속도의 아-화학량론적 세라믹 AlN를 얻기 위해 적절한 N 2 의 양의 Al 표적 근처에 주입하고, 단독 W 2 N 또는 Mo 2 N 상을 얻기 위해 적절한 N 2 의 양의 W 또는 Mo 표적 근처에 주입하여, 단독 Al 표적에 대해 감시하는 PEM (Plasma Emission Monitoring) 또는 CVM (Cathode Voltage Monitoring) 하에서, 전이 요법하에서 수행된 공정, 제형 W 2 N-AlNx 또는 Mo 2 N-AlN x  (x는 0.90 및 1.00 사이에 포함, 바람직하게는 0.95)에 가능한 근접한 서멧 물질, 따라서, 550 ℃의 온도까지 적어도 사용가능한 서멧 물질 (도 4)을 만들기 위한, 고온에서 매우 안정한 상.
Patent KR-20140031973-A (KR)
Inventor: LONGSWORTH RALPH
IPC: F04B37/08
Filed: 2012-06-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 가스 평형 브레이턴 사이클 냉각기를 사용해 수증기 저온 펌프를 냉각시키는 것에 관한 것이다. 냉각기는 압축기, 가스 평형 왕복 엔진 및 역류 열 교환기를 포함하여 구성된다. 상기 냉각기는 단열된 트랜스퍼 라인을 통해 저온 펌프로 연결된다. 여기서 적어도 하나 이상의 옵션은 시스템 압력을 조절할 수 있는 적어도 하나 이상의 밸브가 있는 일정 용적을 가진 가스 저장부, 가변 속도의 엔진, 엔진을 바이패스하는 극저온 패널과 압축기 사이의 가스 라인 및 열 교환기를 바이패스하는 가스 라인을 포함한다는 것이다. 본 시스템은 빠르게 냉각하고 예열할 수 있으며, 엔진을 따뜻하게 하지 않고 극저온 패널을 빠르게 따뜻하게 하고 냉각할 수 있고, 그리고 극저온 패널 열 부하가 감소될 때 전력 입력을 감소시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20140054020-A (KR)
Inventor: HABA BELGACEM
IPC: H01L23/13
Filed: 2012-07-11
Abstract: 마이크로전자 패키지(510)는 제 1 및 제 2 대항면(521, 527)을 가지는 기판(520), 마이크로전자 소자(507a, 512b)의 적어도 두 개의 쌍, 및 제 2 면에서 노출된 복수 개의 단자(525)를 포함할 수 있다.  마이크로전자 소자(507)의 각각의 쌍은 상부 마이크로전자 소자(530b) 및 하부 마이크로전자 소자(530a)를 포함할 수 있다.  마이크로전자 소자(507)의 쌍은 기판(520)의 제 1 면(521)에 평행한 수평 방향(H)에서 서로로부터 완전히 이격될 수 있다.  각각의 하부 마이크로전자 소자(530a)는 전면(531) 및 전면에서의 복수 개의 콘택(535)을 가질 수 있다.  상부 마이크로전자 소자(530b)의 각각의 면(531)은 기판(520)의 제 1 면(521) 및 자신의 쌍 내의 하부 마이크로전자 소자(530a)에 적어도 부분적으로 상재할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20140043476-A (KR)
Inventor: MITAMURA YOSHIMICHI
IPC: B29C33/38
Filed: 2012-11-16
Abstract: 열반응형 레지스트 재료는, 산화구리와, 실리콘 또는 산화구리를 포함하고, 열반응형 레지스트 재료 중의 실리콘 또는 산화실리콘의 함유량이, 실리콘의 몰 환산으로 4.0 mol% 이상 10.0 mol% 미만이 되도록 구성된다. 열반응형 레지스트 재료를 사용하여 열반응형 레지스트층을 형성하고, 열반응형 레지스트층을 노광한 후에 현상액으로 현상한다. 얻어진 열반응형 레지스트층을 마스크로 하고, 기재를 프레온 가스로 건식 에칭하여, 기재 표면에 요철 형상을 갖는 몰드를 제조한다. 이 때, 요철 형상으로 구성되는 미세 패턴의 제어가 가능하다.
Patent KR-20140044925-A (KR)
Inventor: TAKEDA KENGO
IPC: C22C38/06
Filed: 2012-09-07
Abstract: 이 중탄소 강판은, 질량%이며, C : 0.10 내지 0.80%, Si : 0.01 내지 0.3%, Mn : 0.3 내지 2.0%, P : 0.001 내지 0.03%, S : 0.0001 내지 0.01%, Al : 0.001 내지 0.10%, N : 0.001 내지 0.01%를 함유하고, 탄화물의 평균 직경이 0.4㎛ 이하이고, 상기 탄화물의 평균 직경의 1.5배 이상의 크기인 탄화물의 개수 비율이 상기 탄화물의 총 수에 대해서 30% 이하이고, 상기 탄화물의 구상화율이 90% 이상이고, 평균 페라이트 입경이 10㎛ 이상이고, 인장 강도(TS)가, 550㎫ 이하이다.
Patent KR-20140054322-A (KR)
Inventor: HOSSE RALF
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2012-09-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 이중특이적 항-EGFR/항-IGF-1R 항체, 이의 제조 방법, 상기 항체를 함유하는 약학 조성물 및 이의 용도에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20140045597-A (KR)
Inventor: NOVAK ROBERT
IPC: H04B7/06
Filed: 2010-09-01
Abstract: 시공간 블록 코딩을 이용하여 다중 입력 다중 출력 무선 통신에서 데이터를 송신 또는 재송신하기 위한 방법이 제공되며, 여기서 맵핑 테이블은 타임 슬롯들 또는 OFDM 서브 대역들일 수 있는 송신 리소스들 및 안테나들에 복수의 심볼들을 맵핑한다.  맵핑 테이블은 알라무티 코딩된 1차 세그먼트들의 네스팅, 즉 1차 세그먼트들의 알라무티 코딩을 포함할 수 있는 2차 세그먼트들 내에서, 심볼 레벨에서의 알라무티 코딩을 포함한다.