Patent EA-000489-B1 (EA)
Title: Mechanism for securing rails of railways on wooden sleepers
IPC: E01B9/20
Filed: 1997-12-23
Abstract: 1. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads characterized in that it is constituted starting from an elastic wedged clamp, having a lower branch (8) designed to be fastened to a lower face of a sleeper (1), to which two side branches (7-7'), constituting the own clamp, are united, which cross the sleeper (1) through chimneys (3-3'), surrounding the zone of said sleeper (1) ready to receive a rail (2), said clamps (7-7') being topped in end and bent sectors (11-1R), designed to be adapted on the upper face of a skid (5) of the rail (2), and to exert a pressure on same by the action of wedges (12-12'), which pressure-penetrate in a cavity of the respective chimneys (3-3'), forcing said end sectors (11 -11') of the clamp to slide along the upper face of the rail skid as a result from the elastic deformation of the clamp. 2. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the falling side branches (7-7') of the clamp are symmetrical or asymmetncal, depending on whether the rail (2) adopts a vertical or inclined position, due to the absence or existence of a slope of the rail (2) in relation to the sleeper. 3. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that each wedge (12) has a ratchet (4) on its coupling face to a side branch and corresponding (7) of the clamp, with which a cog collaborates (17) integral with damp, so that both the ratchet (14) and the cog (17) allow the wedge (12) to advance and penetrate in the cavity of the corresponding chimney (3), so making impossible its incidental uncoupling. 4. A rail-to-wood slepper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claim 3, characterized in that the ratchet (14) is tiltly mounted, with the collaboration of a transverse shaft (15), in the cavity of a groove of the wedge (12), and against the tension of a strong spring (16), tending to push said ratchet (14) toward a locking cog (17). 5. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claim 3 and Claim 4, characterized in that the retaining or locking cog (17) is located on an auxiliary part (18), which is fastened through screwing to the clamp (7), said auxiliary part (18) incorporating round buttons or stubs (20), surrounding the retaining or locking cog (17), and on which the pressure of the wedge (12) is transmitted to the clamp (7). 6. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanismo in railroads, according to the preceding Claims, cara-ctenzed in that each wedge (12) has external ribs (21) on its side walls, acting as vertical guides in which branches of a knocking tool slide, to penetrate the wedges (12-12'), and at the same time they have also, on their external and oblique face, ribs (21), having a decreasing section in downward sense, which, in turn, confire guiding grooves on the external face of the chimney (3) of the sleeper (1). 7. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism for railroads, according to Claim 5, characterized in that the setscrew (19) of the auxiliary part (18) fixing this to the clamp (7) is retained by a nut (22), which, in addition to be a fastening means, acts as a stop for the skid (5) of the rail (2) against possible cross sectional overstrains sustained by itself. 8. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that in a second embodiment, the side branches (38-38') of the clamp (37) are hinged united to a middle - branch (36), of detachable nature, through complementary ribs and chan-nelings (40) at their ends, which allow said side branches (38) to be easily uncoupled to the middle branch (36), and the ribs rotating within them at the ends of the side branches of the clamp (37), the centre zone of the ends of the plate (36) being hollow to acts as a housing for the respective projections of the end rib (40) of the side branches (38), in order to lock the assembly in a sense longitudinal to the track, when appearing motions acting in that direction. 9. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claim 8, characterized in that the wedges (42) incorporate a stepped recess at their upper side, which determines a drastic reduction of the knocking surface, the centre of which is located, approximately, at the vertical projection on it of the gravity center of the assembly of the wedge (32). 10. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claim 8 and Claim 9, characterized in that each side of the wedge (42) adopts a channeled configuration, its side face having both insertions - (49) acting as guides in the knocking direction, so that the wedges (42) penetrate accurately vertical and precisely perpendicular to the rail, there being envisage also an arrangement of side and superior closing elements (53) and (55), hiddening the inner mechanisms, protecting them. 11. A rail-to-wood sleeper fastening mechanism in railroads, according to Claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the inner side branch (38') of the clamp (37) presents, at its free and internally bent upper sector (41') a blunt inflexion having its free extremity near the skid (34) of the rail.