baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CS-248071-B1 (CS)
Title: Apparatus for electrospark welding on of the rolling mill staand rollers
Inventor: BLASKOVIC PAVOL
IPC: B23K25/00
Filed: 1984-07-20
Abstract: Equipment for the electroslag surfacing of rolls. A roll to be surfaced is held in vertical position. One or more vertical supports are provided of which a first platform or lower carriage carrying a rotatable sleeve with an annular crystallizer surrounding the roll is located to permit vertical travel thereof, and an upper platform or upper carriage, carrying a swivel plate with bus bars for supplying generally vertically disposed welding electrodes with welding currents equipped with rollers on the bottom resting on a circular guiding path is provided, each electrode having a fixing mechanism with a support. A rotary mechanism for the guidance of welding electrodes into the weld gap is mounted on one or more upper sleeves, and is insulated from the crystallizer, while the bus bars are provided into three segments insulated from each other, each bus bar being connected with its respective phase of a three-phase current supply. A fixing mechanism and supports are placed on the inner perimeter of the swivel plate at the beginning of the welding operation; the welding electrodes are held in oblique position, tipped somewhat from the vertical, and by gradually melting down they approach a vertical position. This prevents short-circuiting between one or more welding electrodes and a roll having a body of considerable length along which the electrodes initially extend.
Patent CS-255962-B1 (CS)
Inventor: MIHOLA VLADIMIR
IPC: A47C17/16
Filed: 1985-08-19
Abstract: Je řešen problém rozkládání pohovek,
sloužících funkčně pro sezení a po rozložení
k lešení. Podstata řešení pohovky
je, že sestává z podstavce, na němž je
uložen sedací polštář a v žádoucí vertikální
poloze operadlový polštář, opřený
o sklopnou desku, která je dole spojena
osou sklápění s podstavcem a je zajištěna
v opěrné poloze nejméně jedním odnímatelným
prvkem, dále je sklopná deska
opatřena dvěmi otočnými podnožemi, připevněnými
ke sklopné desce volně otočně
osou otáčení.
Patent CS-228624-B1 (CS)
Inventor: KUBA ZDENEK ING
IPC: D03D47/26
Filed: 1982-08-16
Abstract: Prošlupní zařízení viceprošlupniho
tkacího stroje, jehož účelem je zjednodušit
manipulaci s nitěnkami uloženými
na držáku, čehož se dosáhne tim,
že každý držák (3) nitěnek (4) je
ze strany protilehlé nosičům (9) opatřen
v místě nosičů (9) dvojici podélných
drážek (11) vytvořených tak, že
volné konce nosičů (9) následující
sekce do těchto drážek (11) zasahují
přičemž šířka drážky (11) je menši
než šířka nitěnky (4).
Patent CS-257819-B1 (CS)
Inventor: RACZ GABRIEL
IPC: B23K35/34
Filed: 1985-09-18
Abstract: Náplň rúrkového ocelového drótu pre naváranie
najma funkčných plůch ocelových súčasti,
odolných voči ópotrebeniu za vyšších teplót.
Zloženie náplně zabezpečuje jej dobrú sypatelnosť
pri výrobě rúrkového drótu, ako aj chemické
zloženie návarového kovu. Náplň pozostáva
z 0,7 až 2,8 % hmot. feromangánu alebo
mangánu, 0,35 až 3,75 % hmot. ferosilícia alebo
kremíka, 4,2 až 52,5 % hmot. ferochrómu
alebo chrómu, 6,85 až 26,0 % hmot. feromolybdénu
alebo molybdénu, 6,45 až 19,05 % hmot.
feonióbu alebo niobu, 1,85 až 7,5 % hmot. ferovolfrámu
alebo volfrámu, 1,0 až 2,75 % hmot.
ferovanádu alebo vanádu, 5,25 až 16,25 % hmot.
grafitu, 0,15 až 0,75 % hmot. fluorokremičitanu
sodného, 0,2 až 1,0 % hmot. karbidu kremíka
a zvyšok železo. Návarový kov vykazuje
tvrdost v prvej vrstvě v HRC 62 a v druhej
vrstvě 62,8 až 65,5. Rúrkový drót je vhodný
pre renováciu ocelových súčasti vystgvených
opotrebovaniu pri teplotách nad 600 C.
Patent CS-232034-B1 (CS)
Inventor: CERVINKA PETER
IPC: F02M51/02
Filed: 1982-09-17
Abstract: Vynález spadá do oblasti přídavných
zariadení spalovacích motorov poháněných
lahlpoodparitelným palivom. Účelom
vynálezu je spreanenie dávkovania množstva
paliva vatrekovanáho do válcov,
pričom dávkovanie moče byl synchronně alebo
asynchronně.
Uvedeného účelu sa dosiahne
ovládáním vstrekovača elektromagnetom,
pričom vetrekoveč pracuje synchronně
s motorom, tj. v určenom intervale dráhy
piesta urobí sáriu zdvihov, alebo asynchronně,
tj. vetrekoveč pracuje nezávisle
na polohe piesta. Počet zdvihov sa menl
podlá požadovaného množstva vatřeknutého
paliva.
Patent CS-249797-B1 (CS)
Inventor: ARENDARCUK ALBIN V
IPC: F27D11/02
Filed: 1983-10-27
Abstract: fiešení patří k elektrotepelnému zařízeni,
zvláště k elektrickým odporovým
pecím a vyložením z vláknitých materiálů.
Cíl řešení je zjednodušení výroby ohřívacího
modulu. Ohřívací modul zahrnuje blok
vyložení z vláknitého materiálu s uloženým
v něm odporovým prvkem, obepnutý keramickým
prvkem ve tvaru souboru trubek
s drážkami podél povrchových přímek, přiřemž
spojeni trubek s blokem vyložení je
provedeno monolitně a odporový prvek je
volně uložen uvnitř trubek.
Patent CS-251136-B1 (CS)
Inventor: MOKRIS JAROSLAV
IPC: F04D27/00
Filed: 1985-11-19
Abstract: Zapojení čerpadla na stlačitelné tekutiny,
zejména turbokompresoru, pro provoz při
nízkých teplotách nasávané stalčitelné tekutiny,
u kterého je ke vstupu čerpadla
připojeno sací potrubí, ve kterém je upravena
regulační klapka. K výstupu z čerpadla
je připojeno výtlačné potrubí, ve kterém
jsou ve směru proudění stlačeného vzduchu
uspořádány za sebou dochlazovač a uzaví­
rací armatura, přes kterou prochází stla­
čený vzduch do sítě. Paralelně k výtlačné­
mu potrubí je před uzavírací armaturou
připojen antipompážní ventil, který je
spojen s atmosférou. Toto zapojení je pro
umožnění provozu i při extrémně nízkých
teplotách vytvořeno tak, že mezi výtlačným
potrubím a sacím potrubím je uspořádáno
spojovací potrubí, které v sacím potrubí
vyústuje za regulační klapkou a ve kterém
jsou za sebou upraveny druhá uzavírací armatura
a armatura s ručním kolem. Mezi nimi
je ke spojovacímu potrubí připojen obtok
regulační klapky, v němž je uspořádána
první uzavírací armatura a který vyústuje
do sacího potrubí mezi regulační klapkou
a směšovačem, připojeným přes regulační
ventil a čtvrtou uzavírací armaturu k vý­
tlačnému potrubí, s výhodou před dochlazovačem.
Patent CS-236340-B1 (CS)
Inventor: PROTIVA MIROSLAV
IPC: C07D409/12
Filed: 1983-11-15
Abstract: Vynález spadá do oboru syntetických
léčiv. Jeho předmětem jsou piperazinoethylethery
10,ll-dihydrodibenzo(b,f)
thiepinové řady obecného vzorce I,
'N-P.
ve kterém R značí methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl,
3-hydroxypropyl, ethoxykarbonyl nebo atom
vodíku, a jejich soli. Látky vzorce I a
jejich soli mají vlastnosti málo toxických
a mírně kataleptických neuroleptik,
což je předpokladem jejich praktického
použití v therapii schizofrenie. Látka
vzorce I se připravuje substitučními reakcemi
ll-(2-bromethoxy)-2 chlor-10,11-
dihydrodibenzo(b,f)thiepinu s příslušnými
piperazinovými deriváty. Látku I (R = H)
lze připravit též alkalickou hydrolýzou
příslušného karbamátu vzorce I(R= COOCpH,-).
Získané olejovité base vzorce I se převedou
neutralizaci farmakodynamicky nezávadnými
anorganickými nebo organickými kyselinami
na krystalické soli, s výhodou ijialeináty
nebo methansulfonáty.
Patent CS-269765-B1 (CS)
Title: Controlling maschine
Inventor: AGAFONOV LEV J
IPC: E05F11/10
Filed: 1985-12-06
Abstract: The flap opening and shutting device has a bracket with axis attached to the frame, ram passing through the frame, link and handle mounted on the bracket axis with pin eccentric to the bracket axis and interacting through the link with the ram. - Two rams (7) are positioned parallelly on opposite sides of bracket (2). Link (6) has a slit with axis perpendicular to that of rams (7) holding pin (5). Rams (7) are rigidly attached to the ends of link (6) at one side and hinged to flap (10) at the other.
Patent CS-256841-B1 (CS)
Inventor: ANDRES VACLAV
IPC: C21D9/40
Filed: 1986-12-10
Abstract: Způsob
tepelného
zpracování,
zejmé
­
na
součástí
valivých
ložisek,
řeší
sled
ogerací
obrábění
a
tepelného
zpracování
pri
výrobě
těchto
součástí.
Podstata
způ
­
sobu
spočívá
v
tom,
že
po
w
provedení
kale
­
ní
celé
součásti
a
alespoň
jedné
brusná
operace
a/nebo
dokončovací
operace,
pří
­
padně
po
v
provedení
kalení
celá
součásti
a
alespoň
jedné
brusné
a/nebo
dokončovací
operace
na
oběžných
drahách
součásti
se
provádí
její
nízkoteplotní
popouštění
při
teplotách
do
dvěstě
padesáti
stupňů
Cel
­
sia.
Zgůsob
tepelného
zpracování
ge
výhod
­ně
použít
zejména
v
ložiskovém
průmyslů.
Patent CS-239555-B1 (CS)
Inventor: HARVANEK ZDENKO
IPC: G05D16/00
Filed: 1982-12-29
Abstract: Účelom riešení je umožnit spoluprácu
regulačného čerpadla s otáčkovou reguláciou
a neregulačných čerpadiel ovládaných
tlakovou automatikou. Uvedeného účelu sa
dosiahne tým (obr. 1), že medzi tlakovú automatiku
a regulačně čerpadlo sa zapojí
riadiaci regulátor, v ktorom na prvý vstup
regulátora tlaku kvapaliny je připojený výstup,snímača
tlaku, na druhý vstup regulátora
tlaku je připojený výstup zadávacej
jednotky, ktorej vstup' je přepojený s výstupom
prietokomera čerpacej stanice. Prvý
výstup regulátora tlaku je spojený so vstupom
ovládania otáčok regulačného čerpadla,
druhý a třetí výstup regulátora tlaku je
spojený s prvým a druhým vstupom jednotky
riadiace) logiky, pričom jej třetí vstup
je spojený s výstupom prietokomera vzdušníka
čerpacej stanice. Jej štvrtý vstup je
přepojený s výstupom tlakovej automatiky.
Jednotka riadiacej logiky je svojím prvým
výstupom spojená s ovládacím vstupom tlakovej
automatiky.
Patent DK-167230-B1 (DK)
Inventor: HAGENAH GERHARD
IPC: E01C5/00
Filed: 1989-03-20
Granted: 1993-09-20
Abstract: In ground coverings (paving areas) consisting of shaped (concrete) blocks (10) having vegetation-sustaining joints (11, 12), the uniform formation of the joints (11, 12) is achieved by the arrangement of spacers (13) between the shaped (concrete) blocks (10). The ground covering is provided with spacers (13), consisting of three horizontal supporting walls (14) which are arranged at an approximately identical distance from one another and are interconnected by means of two struts (15). This type of open construction permits transverse or horizontal through-holes, so that unimpeded plant growth is possible. <IMAGE>
Patent DK-175064-B1 (DK)
Inventor: FISHER ABRAHAM
IPC: A61K38/04
Filed: 1988-10-27
Granted: 2004-05-17
Abstract: Novel spiro-oxathiolane/quinuclidine compounds correspond with the schematic structural formula (I) <CHEM> and geometrical isomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, racemates and acid addition salts thereof, wherein one of Y and Z is O and the other is S (=O)n; n is 0, 1 or 2; R min  and R sec  are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, diarylmethylol and alkyl substituted by at least one aryl group, provided that at least R min or R sec  is other than hydrogen; and each X is hydrogen, or when Y is O and Z is S(=O)n simultaneously, then each X may also be selected from the group consisting of deuterium and tritium, and provided further that when each X is hydrogen, Y is O and Z is S simultaneously, then at least one of R min and R sec  is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cycloheptyl, hydroxyalkyl and aminoalkyl. These compounds are useful for manufacturing therapeutic and diagnostic agents applicable to disorders of or relating to the central nervous and cholinergic systems.
Patent FI-104320-B1 (FI)
Inventor: LEITZKE ORTWIN
IPC: C02F9/00
Filed: 1991-12-16
Granted: 1999-12-31
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE90/00446 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 13, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 13, 1991 PCT Filed Jun. 13, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/15778 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 27, 1990.A process and an installation for treating liquids, which are charged with pollutants that are difficult to break down, by means of wet oxidation with ozone-containing gas and UV radiation. The installation comprises injectors by means of which ozone-containing gas produced in an ozone generator can be passed into the liquid. The liquid is then introduced into a reaction and degasification vessel, before it passes through the UV irradiation units.
Patent FI-102276-B1 (FI)
Inventor: WAETJEN FRANK
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1992-06-30
Granted: 1998-11-13
Abstract: A compound having the formula <CHEM>  wherein  R<1> is C1-6-alkyl which may be branched or cyclic;  R<2> is C1-6-alkyl which may be branched or cyclic; or wherein R<1> and R<2> together represent -(CH2)n-, wherein n is 3, 4, 5. and a method of treating disorders of a mammal, including a human, responsive to the blockade of glutamic and aspartic acid receptors, with the same.
Patent FI-104220-B1 (FI)
Inventor: EBERT RAY FRANCIS
IPC: C12N5/071
Filed: 1992-10-21
Granted: 1999-11-30
Abstract: A method for preparing a thromboplastin reagent from cultured human cells comprising the steps of washing the cells with isotonic aqueous salt solution, lysing the cells by hypotonic shock, and resuspending the cell lysate in a diluent compatible with a one-stage prothrombin time determination to reach a concentration of about 0.5 to 3.0 mg/mL thromboplastin, whereby said cell lysate thromboplastin suspension produces a clot in a one stage prothrombin time test in about 10 to 15 seconds, with a mean normal prothrombin time of about 11-13 seconds, when added to citrated normal plasma in a volume ratio of about 2:1, such thromboplastin being stable for at least 8 hours at 37 DEG C and for at least 5 days at 4 DEG C.
Patent IE-48434-B1 (IE)
Title: Dioxoles
IPC: C07D317/20
Filed: 1979-08-08
Abstract: Compounds having cytostatic, hypotensive and analgesic activity of the formula in which: R<1> represents in which X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, hydroxyaryl or arylalkyl group, R<2> represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aryl group or R<1>, R<3> and R<4> independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group or R<3> and R<4> together represent in which R<5>, R<6>, R<7> and R<8> independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group, or R<5> and R<6> together may form =O in which case R<8> may represent in which R<9> and R<10> independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group maybe prepared by reaction in aqueous media of: (a) an aldehyde or ketone of the formula: and (b) an enediol of the formula:
Patent IE-37937-B1 (IE)
Title: Novel quinoline-2-carboxylic acids and their use in the extraction of metals
IPC: B01D57/00
Filed: 1973-07-20
Abstract: 1430368 Quinoline-2-carboxylic acids IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 20 July 1973 [4 Aug 1972] 36560/72 Heading C2C [Also in Division C1] Novel quinoline-2-carboxylic acids having the general formula wherein R and R<SP>1</SP> are hydrogen or halogen, cyano, nitro or optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, cycloalkoxy, aralkoxy, acyloxy, or aryloxy groups; R<SP>2</SP> is halogen or an optionally substituted alkoxy, alkenoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, or aralkoxy group; and R<SP>3</SP> is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl group, provided that the groups R, R<SP>1</SP> and R<SP>3</SP> contain a total of at least 3 carbon atoms, are prepared either by (i) heating an alkyl ester of a quinoline-2-carboxylic acid of the above formula in which R<SP>2</SP> is a hydroxyl group, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride or phosphorus oxybromide and hydrolysing the ester group in the product so obtained to give a compound of the invention wherein R<SP>2</SP> is a chlorine or bromine atom, (ii) heating an alkyl ester of a quinoline-2-carboxylic acid of the above formula in which R<SP>2</SP> is a chlorine or bromine atom with an alkali metal derivative of an optionally substituted alcohol or phenol and hydrolysing the ester in the product so obtained to give a compound of the invention wherein R<SP>2</SP> is an optionally substituted alkoxy, alkenoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy or aralkoxy group; or (iii) heating an alkyl ester of a quinoline-2-carboxylic acid of the above formula wherein R<SP>2</SP> is a hydroxyl group, with an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl chloride or bromide in the presence of a base, and hydrolysing the ester in the product so obtained to give a compound of the invention wherein R<SP>2</SP> is an optionally substituted alkoxy, alkenoxy, cycloalkoxy or aralkoxy group. The compounds of the invention may be used to extract the metal values from aqueous solutions thereof.
[GB1430368A]
Patent IE-48673-B1 (IE)
Title: Traction coupling between a tractor and an implement
IPC: A01B59/043
Filed: 1979-08-08
Abstract: A traction coupling between a tractor and an agricultural implement, capable of being easily shiftable between a towing position and a position in which the implement is mounted on the three-point-lift of the tractor. The coupling includes a traverse which is mountable between the opposed ends of the lower lift arms of the tractor lift and is provided with a rearwardly projecting towing member, which is length adjustable to alternatively permit the implement to be mounted direct behind the tractor in lift engagement with the said traverse.
Patent IE-66341-B1 (IE)
Title: Mixtures of low molecular weight polysaccharides and their preparation and use
Inventor: DEBRIE ROGER
IPC: C08B37/10
Filed: 1991-06-25
Abstract: The invention provides mixtures of sulphated polysaccharides possessing the general structure of heparin polysaccharides and of weight average molecular weight lower than that of heparin, the polysaccharides in the mixture containing between 9 and 20% chains mol.wt. less than 2000D, between 5 and 20% chains mol.wt. higher than 8000D and the ratio MW:MN between 1.3 and 1.6. A process for preparing these mixtures comprises convening heparin to a long-chain quaternary ammonium salt, esterifying to a degree of esterification between 9.5% and 14% then depolymerising the ester.
Patent IE-80715-B1 (IE)
Title: Method of depositing conductors in high aspect ratio apertures under high temperature conditions
Inventor: RYAN JAMES GARDNER
IPC: H01J37/32
Filed: 1992-04-16
Abstract: A sputtering deposition wherein high aspect ratio apertures are coated with conductive films exhibiting low bulk resistivity, low impurity concentrations, and regular morphologies. A collimator is used having an aspect ratio that approximates the aspect ratio of the apertures. The resulting film thickness at the bottom of the aperture is at least 2X what can be achieved using conventional sputtering methods. The amount of material deposited at the bottom of the apertures can be further enhanced by elevating the temperature of the substrate (e.g. 450C) during the deposition process.
Patent IE-70075-B1 (IE)
Title: Animal feedstuff production
Inventor: O'LEARY PATRICK PETER
IPC: A23N17/00
Filed: 1993-12-22
Abstract: A production system is disclosed for production of animal feedstuffs. There is a raw material bin (5) associated with each raw material and a controller sequentially controls delivery of each raw material onto a weighing platform (7) until the total composition and weight for a single 2-tonne batch unit has been delivered. Production is controlled in batch units although an overall batch run may comprises 20 to 30 tonnes in total. After grinding and mixing, a buffer bin (19) holds a batch unit and interactive control may be used for controlling delivery of a batch unit to subsequent production stages. A meal molasses mixer (20) provides a final stage for meal which may then be directly packed. There are three cuber lines, one of which has an expander (39) and an enzyme-addition station (47). The cuber lines are connected in such a way that there is a large amount of versatility because a wide range of different feedstuffs may be produced by the one overall production system.
Patent LU-102188-B1 (LU)
Title: Check valve assembly
Inventor: JOUBERT PIERRE
IPC: F16K27/06
Filed: 2020-11-09
Granted: 2022-05-10
Abstract: The present invention proposes a check valve assembly comprising a main housing (10) having a main fluid passage extending along a main flow axis (X) between a first port connectable to a first pipe and a second port connectable to second pipe; a shut off element (20) disposed at least in part within the main housing, said shut off element extending along a shut off element axis (Y), and a check valve (60). The shut off element (20) is displaceable between a working position in which the shut off element allows a fluid flow between the first port and the second port and through the check valve, and a service position blocking the fluid flow through the shut off element. A check valve receiving element (40) is disposed at least in part within the main housing for removably accommodating the check valve (60) in the check valve receiving element, the check valve receiving element being displaceable along the shut off element axis (Y) while the shut off element is in the service position to allow the removal of the check valve.
Patent LU-102641-B1 (LU)
Title: A Water Bath Device for Soil Enzyme Activity Determination and Its Application Method
Inventor: ZHU ZHU
IPC: C12Q1/42
Filed: 2021-03-10
Granted: 2021-09-10
Abstract: The water bath device is composed of a shell. The side wall of the shell is provided with a cooling channel, whose top is communicated with a cooling water inlet component, and bottom is connected with a cooling water outlet component. The inner side wall, it is provided with a spiral groove, which is connected with a number of spiral pipes. The lowermost end of the spiral groove is connected with a lower pipe, which also penetrates the shell and extends to the outside of the shell. The end of each spiral pipe far away from the shell is communicated with a water manifold, the end of the water manifold far away from the shell is communicated with a second cold and hot water circulation component, and the end of the lower pipe far away from the shell is communicated with the second cold and hot water circulation component.
Patent LU-502437-B1 (LU)
Title: Aviation seat hydraulic lock
Inventor: JIAO BIN
IPC: F15B15/00
Filed: 2022-06-30
Granted: 2023-01-02
Abstract: The present invention discloses an aviation seat hydraulic lock, which relates to the technical field of hydraulic locks. A piston rod of a hydraulic lock adopts a single sealing ring to ensure its tightness The aviation seat hydraulic lock of the present invention comprises lock bodies, bottom ends of which are rotatably provided with linkage levers through first activity rods, and sealing plates are in threaded connection with left inner sides of connecting sleeves through threaded sections, so that by rotating the sealing plates, sealing rings are removable from inner sides of the connecting sleeves, thereby enabling disassembling and replacing the sealing rings.
Patent MD-467-B1 (MD)
Title: Process for production of vine vitamin elixir
Inventor: ODINTOVA ECATERINA NICOLAE
IPC: C12G1/02
Filed: 1995-02-16
Abstract: Inventia se refera la vinificatie si poate fi utilizata pentru fabricarea elixirului vitaminos natural. Procedeul de fabricare a elixirului vitaminos din struguri consta in zdrobirea strugurilor, incalzirea mustului cu bostina, maturarea, racirea si separarea mustului de bostina, introducerea
Patent NO-307188-B1 (NO)
Inventor: BREITENBACH MICHAEL
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1990-06-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a method by which expression cDNA clone banks are screened by means of IgE antibodies derived from the sera of allergic individuals, or by means of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. This type of screening is used for the detection of polynucleotides whose open-reading frames code for allergenically active proteins. These proteins are characterized in that their biological activity as allergens is equal to that of plant allergens occurring in nature.