baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent MY-130043-A (MY)
Title: Tube joining construction of a bicycle frame and a method for manufacturing the bicycle frame
Inventor: PAI CHIN-DONG
IPC: B62K19/00
Filed: 1994-06-03
Abstract: A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BICYCLE FRAME INCLUDES THE STEPS OF (A) FORMING A TOP TUBE, DOWN TUBE, A PAIR OF SEAT STAYS, AND A PAIR OF CHAIN STAYS IN EACH OF WHICH AN ELONGATED BLADDER IS CONTAINED; (B) FORMING A FIRST SUBASSEMBLY WHICH INCLUDES THE HEAD TUBE, TOP TUBE AND DOWN TUBE AND FORMING A PAIR OF SECOND SUB-ASSEMBLIES WHICH EACH INCLUDES THE SEAT STAY, CHAIN STAY REAR FORK END PORTION; (C) HEATING THE FIRST AND SECOND SUB-ASSEMBLIES AND INFLATING THE ELONGATED BLADDERS; (D) FORMING THE SEAT TUBE;(E) MOUNTING AN INSERT RESPECTIVELY IN ONE DISTAL END OF THE TOP TUBE, DOWN TUBE, SEAT STAY, AND CHAIN STAY, THE INSERT HAVING A SEALING LAYER WHICH IS MOUNTED IN EACH OF THE DISTAL ENDS AND HAS A FIRST FOAMABLE MATERIAL RECEIVED THEREIN AND HAVING AN EXTENSION PORTION WHICH EXTENDS OUTWARDS OF THE DISTAL ENDS OF THE TOP TUBE, DOWN TIBE, SEAT STAY, AND CHAIN STAY, AND IS SECURELY WRAPPED AROUND A FIRST PERIPHERAL CONNECTING PORTION BETWEEN THE TOP TUBE, SEAT TUBE, AND SEAT STAY, AND AROUND A SECOND PERIPHERAL CONNECTING PORTION BETWEEN THE DOWN TUBE, SEAT TUBE, BOTTOM BRACKET SHELL, AND CHAIN STAY; (F) APPLYING A COVERING LAYER AROUND A FIRST JOINT PORTION DEFINED BETWEEN THE TOP TUBE, SEAT TUBE, AND SEAT STAY AND AROUND A SECOND JOINT PORTION DEFINED BETWEEN THE DOWN TUBE, SEAT TUBE AND CHAIN STAY, A SECOND FOAMABLE MATERIAL BEING RECEIVED IN THE COVERING LAYER; AND (G) HEATING THE BICYCLE FRAME ASSEMBLY.(FIG.1)
Patent MY-121578-A (MY)
Title: Aqueous cleaning and conditioning composition
Inventor: ZOCCHI GERMAINE
IPC: A61K8/73
Filed: 1996-04-11
Abstract: A COMBINATION CLEANSING, CONDITIONING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A STABLE, CLEAR, AQUEOUS CLEANSING PHASE HAVING STABLY DISPERSED AND SUSPENDED THEREIN PARTICLES BEARING THE CONDITIONING AGENT, THE AQUEOUS CLEANSING PHASE COMPRISING: A. A HIGH FOAMING ANIONIC SURFACTANT, B. AN AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANT IN QUANTITIES OF AT LEAST 0.2 WT.OF THE COMPOSITION WHEREIN CLARITY OF THE AQUEOUS PHASE IS MAINTAINED,C. AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A VISCOELASTICITY ENHANCING SUSPENDING MATERIAL COMPRISED OF A XANTHAM GUM HAVING AN INITIAL TRANSMITTANCE IN A 1 WT.DISTILLED WATER SOLUTION OF AT LEAT 85AS MEASURED BY A UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER AT 600 NM, AND D. THE SAID PARTICLES, INSOLUBLE AND STABLY SUSPENDED IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE, BEARING AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF OILY WATER INSOLUBLE OR ESSENTIALLY WATER INSOLUBLE SKIN OR HAIR CONDITIONING AGENTS, THE PARTICLES BEING SUCH A SIZE AND MATERIAL TO READILY DELIVER THE CONDITIONING AGENT TO THE SKIN OR HAIR WHEN THE PARTICLE IS A BRADED AGAINST THE SKIN OR HAIR DURING ORDINARY CLEANSING ACTIVITIES.
Patent MY-117904-A (MY)
Title: A cathode structure body and method of coating an emitter.
Inventor: LEE GYEONG-SANG
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1996-12-19
Abstract: THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A CATHODE STRUCTURE BODY AND A METHOD OF COATING AN EMITTER (107), AND MORE PARTICULARLY, TO INCREASING A CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY AND EXTENDING AN ELECTRON EMISSION LIFETIME BY DEFORMING THE STRUCTURE OF THE EMITTER COATED ON THE TOP SURFACE OF A BASE METAL OF THE UPPER PORTION OF A CYLINDRICAL CATHODE SLEEVE (103). A CATHODE STRUCTURE BODY EQUIPPING A CYLINDRICAL CATHODE SLEEVE (103) IN WHICH A HEATER (104) FOR A CATHODE IS INSERTED AND A BASE METAL THAT AN EMITTER IS COATED ON THE UPPER PORTION OF THE CATHODE SLEEVE (103), WHEREIN THE EMITTER (107) COATED ON THE TOP OF SAID BASE METAL COMPRISES COATING AN ACTIVE METAL AND AN ELECTRON EMISSION MATERIAL (106) WITH LAMINATED STRUCTURE.(FIG. 1)
Patent MY-120208-A (MY)
Title: Differencing communication system
Inventor: BITTINGER REED RICHARD
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 1997-02-03
Abstract: A METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR REDUCING THE DATA TRANSMITTED OVER AN EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION LINK (35) FROM A FIRST APPLICATION (20) RESIDENT IN A FIRST COMPUTER (6) TO A SECOND APPLICATION (10) RESIDENT IN A SECOND COMPUTER (5). THE METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT INCLUDE STORING A DATA STREAM FROM THE FIRST APPLICATION TO BE PROVIDED TO THE SECOND APPLICATION IN RESPONSE TO A REQUEST FROM THE SECOND APPLICATION IN A CACHE RESIDENT IN THE FIRST COMPUTER TO CREATE A SERVER BASE CACHE ENTRY AND IN A CACHE RESIDENT IN THE SECOND COMPUTER TO CREATE A CLIENT BASE CACHE ENTRY. REQUESTS FROM THE SECOND APPLICATION ARE INTERROGATED TO DETERMINE IF A CLIENT BASE CACHE ENTRY CORRESPONDING TO THE INTERROGATED REQUEST EXISTS AND TO DETERMINE IF A SERVER BASE CACHE ENTRY CORRESPONDING TO THE INTERROGATED REQUEST EXISTS. THE RESPONSE DATA STREAM IS INTERCEPTED PRIOR TO TRANSMISSION OF THE RESPONSE ON THE EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION LINK AND COMPARED TO THE SERVER BASE CACHE ENTRY TO PROVIDE DIFFERENCE DATA CORRESPONDING TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INTERCEPTED RESPONSE AND THE SERVER BASE CACHE ENTRY. THE DIFFERENCE DATA IS SENT OVER THE EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION LINK (35) AND ACQUIRED BY THE SECOND COMPUTER WHICH RECONSTRUCTS THE RESPONSE DATA STREAM BY COMBINING THE CLIENT BASE CACHE ENTRY WITH THE DIFFERENCE DATA TO CREATE A RESPONSE DATA STREAM WHICH IS PROVIDED TO THE SECOND APPLICATION.
Patent MY-122028-A (MY)
Title: Catalytic converter for a small engine
Inventor: ROLF BRUCK
IPC: F01N13/18
Filed: 1997-10-27
Abstract: THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A CATALYTIC CONVERTER FOR A SMALL ENGINE AND A METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE MANUFACTURING COSTS, A HONEYCOMB BODY COATED WITH CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL, MADE FROM AT LEAST PARTLY STRUCTURED LAYERS OF SHEET METAL (5, 6) WITH CHANNELS FOR THE PASSAGE OF EXHAUST GAS, IS ARRANGED IN A SILENCER HOUSING ARRANGED IN THE PROXIMITY OF THE ENGINE, SUCH THAT A LEAST A PREDOMINANT PORTION OF THE EXHAUST GAS OF THE SMALL ENGINE HAS TO FLOW THROUGH THE HONEYCOMB BODY, WHEREIN THE HONEYCOMB BODY IS A LAYERED, WOUND OR FOLDED STACK OF SHEET METAL LAYERS (5, 6), WHICH IS CRUSHED INTO THE SILENCER HOUSING (3.1, 3.2, 3.3), PLASTICALLY DEFORMING AT LEAST 10%, PREFERABLY 20% TO 30% OF THE CHANNELS (7), SO THAT IT COMPLETELY FILLS AT LEAST A PART VOLUME OF THE SILENCER HOUSING (3). BY MEANS OF THE CONSIDERABLE PLASTIC DISTORTION OF A PART OF THE CHANNELS (7), THERE ALSO IS A HIGH DEGREE OF ELASTIC DEFORMATION IN THE REST OF THE HONEYCOMB BODY, WHICH ALSO ENSURES THE STABILITY OF THE HONEYCOMB BODY, EVEN UNDER VARYING THERMAL STRESSES. (FIG.3)
Patent NI-200900145-A (NI)
Title: Formulaciones de dosis unitaria y metodos para el tratamiento de la trombosis con un inhibidor oral del factor xa.
Inventor: KEITH ABE
IPC: A61K31/535
Filed: 2009-07-21
Abstract: La presente trata acerca de dosis únicas de compuestos inhibidores del factor Xa y métodos para utilizar dichos compuestos para inhibir la coagulacion de la sangre en un paciente humano. La dosis única de los compuestos inhibidores del factor Xa descritos en la presente requerida para inhibir la coagulacion en un primate es más baja que la dosis única requerida para obtener niveles similares de inhibicion de coagulacion en otros modelos de animales, como roedores. También trata acerca de ensayos in vitro útiles para predecir actividad antitrombótica in vivo en humanos.
Patent SI-21770-A (SI)
Title: Hybrid surface-mount thick-film module for the protection of telecommunication lines
Inventor: KOCJAN SANDI
IPC: H01C1/16
Filed: 2004-04-02
Abstract: The hybrid thick-film module for the current and surge protection of a telecommunication line as a surface-mount element is based on two ceramic substrates, where a pair of symmetrically located protection circuits are provided featuring thermocoupled thick-film resistors and discrete PCT thermistor-based switching elements as well as high-voltage protection resistors and varistors. The substrates are via surface-mount PCT elements mechanically and electrically connected into a thermally interconnected structure, so that the PCT elements from one side are attached by conductive glue to the thick-film substrate for surge protection and on the other side to a double-sided hybrid thick-film circuit with thick-film positive resistors, where upon thermal overload the thermal energy is released, which is heating the PCT switching elements. As soon as the switching temperature limit is exceeded, the current through the protection module is limited. Upon lightning impact the protection is provided through specially designed high-voltage thick-film resistors and the two varistors, which additionally enhance the surge protection.
Patent SI-23900-A (SI)
Inventor: ANDREJ ZNIDARSIC
IPC: B82B3/00
Filed: 2011-09-30
Abstract: Preložen izum se nanaša na sintezo disperzij na osnovi nano titanovega (IV) oksida v kristalni strukturi anatas, z ozko porazdelitvijo velikosti delcev v območju med 10 nm in 50 nm, postopek hidrolize komercialno dostopne raztopine titanilovega sulfata (TiOSO4), obarjanja netopnega hidratiziranega titanovega dioksida (Ti02.xH20.yS03) z dialkilamidnim obarjalnim reagentom, sedimentacije oborjenih hidratiziranih nanodelcev z dodatkom vodne raztopine anionskega poliakrilamidnega flokulacijskega sredstva,termične obdelave nanodelcev hidratiziranega titanovega (IV) oksida v zračni atmosferi, deaglomeracije termično obdelanega titanovega (IV) oksida v kristalni strukturi anatas v disolverju, visoko energetskega mletja v horizontalnem atritorskem cirkonijevem mlinu s fazo dezintegracije vodne suspenzije termično obdelanih nano delcev titanovega (IV) oksida v kristalni obliki anatas s cirkonijevimi krogelnimi mlevnimi telesi, tehnologijo površinske obdelave nano delcev titanovega (IV) oksida v kristalnistrukturi anatas z organskimi površinsko aktivnimi snovmi ter tehnologijo vgradnje površinsko obdelanih nano delcev titanovega (IV) oksida v kristalni strukturi anatas v organske nosilne medije, ki zagotavljajo stabilnost končnega disperzijskega sistema v območju pH vrednosti med 5 in 9 in zeta potencialom manjšim od - 30 eV ter pod vplivom UV-svetlobe sprožijo redukcijsko ciklične površinsko aktivne procese in mineralizacijo organskih polutantov pri fotokatalitičnem odstranjevanju nečistoč inmikroorganizmov v fasadnih premaznih sistemih.
Patent TW-201230647-A (TW)
Title: Device of gate minimization threshold voltage of FET for synchronous rectification
Inventor: LU CHAO-CHENG
IPC: H02M7/12
Filed: 2011-01-06
Abstract: A device of gate minimization threshold voltage of FET for synchronous rectification of the present invention, has a FET having no body diode and a gate minimization threshold voltage circuit, the characteristics have gate minimization threshold voltage equal or over load voltage, can be achieve FET turn on, and gate minimization threshold voltage under load voltage, can be achieve FET turn off.
Patent TW-201203100-A (TW)
Title: Method and network system for browsing web documents in different character set systems
Inventor: CHEN WAN-CHIH
IPC: G06F40/00
Filed: 2010-07-09
Abstract: There are inconsistent output results of web documents respectively located at a webpage producing terminal and a webpage browsing terminal, where the inconsistence is caused by incompatibility between the webpage producing terminal and the webpage browsing terminal in character encoding, and non-standard characters on the web document at the webpage producing terminal cannot be browsed on the webpage browsing terminal because of the incompatibility. For preventing such inconsistence, in a webpage server, the non-standard characters are transformed in character format to generate character-displayed elements, and the non-standard characters in the webpage document are replaced by indexes indicating to the character-displayed elements. Therefore, while the webpage browsing terminal opens the web document, the character-displayed elements can be loaded by following the indexes, so as to render the output result of the webpage document be consistent with the webpage producing terminal, without restricting by the incompatibility.
Patent TW-201235604-A (TW)
Title: Micro-channel-cooled high heat load light emitting device
Inventor: DAHM JONATHAN S
IPC: F21V29/00
Filed: 2011-01-27
Abstract: Micro-channel-cooled UV curing systems and components thereof are provided. According to one embodiment, a lamp head module includes an optical macro-reflector, an array of LEDs and a micro-channel cooler assembly. The array is positioned within the reflector and has a high fill factor and a high aspect ratio. The array provides a high irradiance output beam pattern having a peak irradiance of greater than 25W/cm<SP>2</SP> at a work piece surface at least 1 mm away from an outer surface of a window of the reflector. The micro-channel cooler assembly maintains a substantially isothermal state among p-n junctions of the LEDs at less than or equal to 80 DEG Celsius. The micro-channel cooler assembly also provides a common anode substrate for the array. A thermally efficient electrical connection is formed between the array and the common anode substrate by mounting the array to the micro-channel cooler assembly.
Patent TW-201214622-A (TW)
Title: Method for forming a through-substrate via (TSV)
Inventor: YANG KU-FENG
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 2011-03-01
Abstract: A device includes a substrate having a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface. A through-substrate via (TSV) extends from the first surface to the second surface of the substrate. A dielectric layer is disposed over the substrate. A metal pad is disposed in the dielectric layer and physically contacting the TSV, wherein the metal pad and the TSV are formed of a same material, and wherein no layer formed of a material different from the same material is between and spacing the TSV and the metal pad apart from each other.
Patent TW-201237497-A (TW)
Title: Photographing optical lens assembly
Inventor: TSAI TSUNG-HAN
IPC: G02B13/18
Filed: 2011-03-04
Abstract: A photographing optical lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side: the first lens element with positive refractive power having a convex object-side surface, the second lens element with positive refractive, the third lens element with positive refractive, and a fourth lens element with positive refractive. By such arrangement, the total track length of the photographing optical lens assembly would be suitable for compact electronics.
Patent TW-201133725-A (TW)
Title: Electronic device package and fabrication method thereof
Inventor: CHANG SHU-MING
IPC: H01L23/12
Filed: 2011-03-25
Abstract: An electronics device package is disclosed. The package includes at least one semiconductor chip, at least one abut portion, a passivation layer, and a substrate. The semiconductor chip has a first surface and a second surface opposite thereto, in which at least one redistribution layer (RDL) is disposed on the first surface of the semiconductor chip and is electrically connected to at least one conductive pad structure of the semiconductor chip. The abut portion is disposed on the RDL and in electrical contact therewith. The passivation layer covers the first surface of the semiconductor chip and surrounds the abut portion. The substrate is attached onto the surface of the semiconductor chip. A fabrication method of the electronics device package is also disclosed.
Patent TW-201144053-A (TW)
Title: Rolled adhesive tape or sheet
Inventor: ISHIGURO SHIGEKI
IPC: C09J7/22
Filed: 2011-03-30
Abstract: A rolled adhesive tape or sheet which is wound in a rolled configuration having; a thermoplastic resin film, and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer formed on one side of the thermoplastic resin film, a fatty acid bisamide as well as a fatty acid monoamide and/or fatty acid are contained at least one of the thermoplastic resin film and the Pressure sensitive adhesive layer.
Patent TW-201139460-A (TW)
Title: Process for production of fine cellulose fiber dispersion
Inventor: SHIMIZU TAKANORI
IPC: B32B27/20
Filed: 2011-04-01
Abstract: Provided is a process for the production of a fine cellulose fiber dispersion which comprises an organic solvent, fine cellulose fibers uniformly dispersed therein, and a resin or a resin precursor and which exhibits excellent dispersion stability and film-formation properties and enables the production of a fine cellulose fiber/resin composite with high productivity. A process for the production of a fine cellulose fiber dispersion that comprises fine cellulose fibers, a resin and/or a resin precursor, and an organic solvent, which includes a fibrillation step of fibrillating cellulose fibers in a raw material dispersion to form fine cellulose fibers, said raw material dispersion comprising cellulose fibers, a resin and/or a resin precursor, and an organic solvent.
Patent TW-201205500-A (TW)
Title: Hierarchical bounding of displaced parametric surfaces
Inventor: MUNKBERG JACOB
IPC: G06T17/20
Filed: 2011-04-06
Abstract: Hierarchical bounding of displaced parametric surfaces may be a very common use case for tessellation in interactive and real-time rendering. An efficient normal bounding technique may be used, together with min-max mipmap hierarchies and oriented bounding boxes. This provides substantially faster convergence for the bounding volumes of the displaced surface, without tessellating and displacing the surface in some embodiments. This bounding technique can be used for different types of culling, ray tracing, and to sort higher order primitives in tiling architectures.
Patent TW-201243798-A (TW)
Title: Method for dithering in display panel and associated apparatus
Inventor: HUNG KUO-HSIANG
IPC: G09G3/20
Filed: 2011-04-22
Abstract: Method for dithering in display panel and associated apparatus are provided. A dither pattern including a plurality of elements is set with each element corresponding to a sub-pixel of the display panel. At least two elements of the plurality of elements are of a same quantity, and at least two of the elements of the same quantity respectively correspond to sub-pixels of different driving polarizations for preventing flicker caused by same driving polarization. While dithering, if a sub-pixel has a sub-pixel data which correspondingly lies between two predetermined displayable color levels of the sub-pixel, a color level displayed by the sub-pixel is determined from the two predetermined color levels according to a sum of the sub-pixel data and the element corresponding to the sub-pixel.
Patent TW-201243901-A (TW)
Title: Method for making light-emitting diode
Inventor: WEI YANG
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2011-05-10
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making light-emitting diode. The method includes steps of: providing a substrate having an epitaxial growth surface; suspending a carbon nanotube layer above the epitaxial growth surface; growing a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer in order, wherein the first semiconductor layer encloses the carbon nanotube layer therein to form a number of micro-structures in the first semiconductor layer; etching the second semiconductor layer and the active layer to expose part of the first semiconductor layer; and disposing a first electrode connected to the first semiconductor layer and a second electrode connected to the second semiconductor layer.
Patent TW-201214288-A (TW)
Title: Optimizing energy consumption and application performance in a multi-core multi-threaded processor system
Inventor: ELNOZAHY ELMOOTAZBELLAH N
IPC: G06F9/50
Filed: 2011-05-18
Abstract: A mechanism is provided for scheduling application tasks. A scheduler receives a task that identifies a desired frequency and a desired maximum number of competing hardware threads. The scheduler determines whether a user preference designates either maximization of performance or minimization of energy consumption. Responsive to the user preference designating the performance, the scheduler determines whether there is an idle processor core in a plurality of processor cores available. Responsive to no idle processor being available, the scheduler identifies a subset of processor cores having a smallest load coefficient. From the subset of processor cores, the scheduler determines whether there is at least one processor core that matches desired parameters of the task. Responsive to at least one processor core matching the desired parameters of the task, the scheduler assigns the task to one of the at least one processor core that matches the desired parameters.
Patent TW-201247374-A (TW)
Title: Robot arm and detection device having same
Inventor: LI SHEN-CHUN
IPC: B25J19/02
Filed: 2011-05-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a robot arm. The robot arm includes a support arm, an adjusting rod and a detection unit. The adjusting rod is rotatably arranged on the support arm. The detection unit is arranged on a distal end of the adjusting rod. The detection unit includes an image capture device and a probe device. The image capture device is configured to capture an image of a workpiece. The probe device includes an actuator and a probe. The actuator is arranged on the image capture device. The probe is moveably arranged on the actuator and is configured to contact with the workpiece. The actuator is configured to drive the probe to move between a first position where the probe does not block workpiece-image capturing of the image capture device and a second position where the probe blocks the workpiece-image capturing of the image capture device. The present invention also relates to a detection device having the robot arm.
Patent TW-201209018-A (TW)
Title: Enantiomerically pure amines
Inventor: RIEDL ROSEMARIE
IPC: C07C209/56
Filed: 2011-05-23
Abstract: A compound of formula wherein PROT is an amine protecting group and PROT' is hydrogen; or PROT and PROT' together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring as an amine protecting group, and PROT'' is a thiol protecting group, processes for its production, intermediates in their production and production of intermediates in stereoisomerically pure form, and their use for the production of pharmaceutically active compounds.
Patent TW-201204332-A (TW)
Title: Hygiene article closure tab
Inventor: HAUSCHILDT VOLKER
IPC: A61F13/00
Filed: 2011-06-20
Abstract: A hygiene article closure tab, for use with a hygiene article such as a diaper, adult incontinence articles or feminine hygiene articles, is disclosed. The closure tab comprises a backing layer having a region adapted to carry at least one mechanical fastening means and a region adapted to form a fingerlift portion, the fingerlift portion being free from any fastening means. A first mechanical fastening means is carried on the backing layer adjacent the fingerlift portion, and has a width w1. A second mechanical fastening means is carried on the backing layer, and has a width w2 and is separated from the first mechanical fastening means by a separation distance d1. The width w1 of the first mechanical fastening means is greater than the separation distance d1, and the width w2 of the second mechanical fastening means is greater than the width w1 of the first mechanical fastening means.
Patent TW-201206723-A (TW)
Title: Articles with rewritable writing surfaces and methods for making and using same
Inventor: GUSTAFSON FREDERICK JOHN
IPC: B43L1/00
Filed: 2011-06-21
Abstract: Articles with rewritable writing surfaces thereon comprising a coating of hydrophilic silane or a hydrophilic water soluble polymer with hydroxyl groups which is crosslinked or chemically reacted to the surface. Also, methods for making such articles and methods for using such articles.