baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2021120925-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHEN YUJIE
IPC: G06F16/27
Filed: 2020-11-10
Abstract: A block synchronization method and device, relating to the field of Fintech. Said method comprises: after submitting a first block, a first node sending the block height of the first block to a second node, the second node being a child node determined by the first node according to a relational tree of a blockchain network, the relational tree being used for indicating a parent-child relationship of blocks synchronized between adjacent nodes in the blockchain network, and a parent node synchronizing a block to a child node; if the second node determines that the block height of the first block is higher than the block height of the highest block in the second node, generating and sending a first synchronization request; and after receiving the first synchronization request, the first node sending a block corresponding to the block height in the first synchronization request to the second node. The method is used for solving the problems that the actual output bandwidth of a consensus node cannot satisfy the requirements for sending blocks to a plurality of observation nodes at the same time, and the extension of the blockchain network is limited.
Patent WO-2021184804-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for detecting signal quality during photoplethysmography
Inventor: ZHANG BIYING
IPC: G06K9/62
Filed: 2020-11-18
Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting signal quality during photoplethysmography (PPG), the method comprising: acquiring a PPG signal, and sampling the PPG signal according to a data sampling frequency threshold to generate a PPG one-dimensional data sequence (1); segmenting the PPG one-dimensional data sequence according to a CNN input length threshold to generate a plurality of PPG one-dimensional sub-segments (2); generating a PPG data four-dimensional tensor according to the total number of segments and the PPG one-dimensional data sequence (3); performing PPG feature extraction by using a CNN model so as to generate a PPG feature four-dimensional tensor; constructing a PPG feature two-dimensional matrix; performing two-class probability regression calculation of PPG features by using an ANN model, and generating a PPG probability two-dimensional matrix [X, 2] (4); and performing PPG signal quality determination on the PPG signal according to the PPG probability two-dimensional matrix [X, 2] to generate a PPG signal quality detection result (5).
Patent WO-2022110195-A1 (WO)
Title: 测量数据处理方法、装置、通信设备和存储介质
Inventor: HONG WEI
IPC: H04W24/08
Filed: 2020-11-30
Abstract: 本公开实施例是关于测量数据处理方法、装置、通信设备和存储介质，基站确定用户设备(UE)进行信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)测量时同步参考小区的同步定时和邻小区的同步定时之间的定时差；根据所述定时差，确定所述UE进行所述CSI-RS测量得到的CSI-RS测量结果对应的测量精度要求参数。
Patent WO-2022133661-A1 (WO)
Title: 用于防火层的紫外光固化白色底漆
Inventor: ZHANG HUIHANG
IPC: C09D163/10
Filed: 2020-12-21
Abstract: 一种用于防火层的紫外光固化白色底漆，按重量份数，包括以下组分：改性环氧丙烯酸酯40-45份，单体2-4份，填充剂25-30份，白色颜料浓缩浆20-25份，光引发剂3-5份，防沉剂0.2-0.3份，消泡剂0.1-0.3份，流平剂0.2-0.3份，番石榴叶乙醇提取物0.2-0.5份。这种底漆是一种流平性与漆膜平整度极高、耐黄变性能优、遮盖力强、耐候性及防火性极高的紫外光固化白底漆。
Patent WO-2021238201-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for predicting amount of coating layer falling off from positive electrode material having coating layer
Inventor: SUN MINGZHU
IPC: G01R31/382
Filed: 2020-12-30
Abstract: A method for predicting an amount of coating layer falling off from a positive electrode material having a coating layer, comprising: (1) making a button battery using a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm and electrolytic solution; (2) obtaining a fully-charged battery by having the button battery go through a charging/discharging cycle; (3) disassembling the fully-charged battery and removing delithiated positive electrode material from the positive electrode sheet; and (4) completely immersing the delithiated positive electrode material in an organic solvent, filtering the delithiated positive electrode material to obtain a filtrate and a filtration residue, and determining the content of a coating element in the filtrate.
Patent WO-2022151037-A1 (WO)
Title: Cell reselection and measurement in a high-speed mode in wireless communications
Inventor: NIU HUANING
IPC: H04W36/08
Filed: 2021-01-13
Abstract: The present application relates to devices and components including apparatus, systems, and methods to perform cell reselection. In an example, timing requirements for synchronization signal processing are defined based on a beam sweeping capability of the device. Synchronization signals are received and processed according to the timing requirements to complete a cell reselection procedure. In another example, location data of the device is used to look up a database of cell identifiers. A cell identifier is determined based on the look-up and a cell reselection procedure is performed using the cell identifier.
Patent WO-2021164518-A1 (WO)
Inventor: DAI HUIBIN
IPC: B05D3/04
Filed: 2021-01-28
Abstract: 本发明提供一种超哑光板的制备方法，包括半固化步骤、紫外线准分子灯照射步骤及全固化步骤。半固化步骤包括：在基板上涂覆UV漆，并且使用波长范围为350nm-450nm紫外线灯照射涂覆后的基板以使UV漆半固化；紫外线准分子灯照射步骤包括：将半固化后的基板置于惰性气体氛围中，并且用紫外线准分子灯照射2s-20s；及全固化步骤包括：使用波长范围为350nm-450nm紫外线灯照射使UV漆全固化得到超哑光板。
Patent WO-2022121129-A1 (WO)
Title: 烟火识别方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
Inventor: SUN LIQUN
IPC: G06N20/20
Filed: 2021-03-05
Abstract: 本申请涉及一种烟火识别方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。通过获取烟火监控区域内的包括可见光图像、红外图像的待识别图像，并根据待识别图像，识别待识别图像中的烟火疑似区域，包括基于颜色识别可见光图像中的烟火疑似区域，基于亮度识别红外图像中的烟火疑似区域，再将烟火疑似区域的待识别图像输入预设模型，根据基于预先标记烟火状态的可见光图像或预先标记烟火状态的红外图像训练得到的预设模型的输出结果，识别待识别图像中的烟火状态。相较于传统的基于感温探测或感烟探测对烟火进行检测的方式，本方案通过预设模型，对可见光图像或红外图像中的烟火区域进行识别，从而实现提高烟火的识别及时率的效果。
Patent WO-2021218421-A1 (WO)
Title: 数据处理方法、装置和智能交互设备
Inventor: LI YINGJIE
IPC: G06F3/045
Filed: 2021-03-10
Abstract: 涉及计算机技术领域，提出一种数据处理方法、装置和智能交互设备。该数据处理方法，由具有触控功能的显示器执行，包括：获取书写笔在显示器上书写时的书写轨迹点位置、书写笔在书写时相对于显示器的倾斜角度（S10）；获取用户当前时刻在显示器上的触摸轨迹点位置（S20）；获取持握书写笔的持握参数（S30）；根据持握参数、倾斜角度和书写轨迹点位置确定当前时刻触摸的屏蔽区，书写轨迹点位置为当前时刻接收到的或早于当前时刻的设定时间阈值内接收到的（S40）；触摸轨迹点位置位于屏蔽区时，在显示器上不显示触摸轨迹点位置的轨迹（S50）。该方法根据持握参数、倾斜角度和书写轨迹点位置能够自动计算屏蔽区，不需要提前输入屏蔽区信息，使握笔手不会对书写内容造成干扰。
Patent WO-2022121142-A1 (WO)
Inventor: ZHU YUNLIANG
IPC: H01M50/204
Filed: 2021-03-13
Abstract: Alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule; structure optimisée interne d'une alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule, comportant une pompe à air; et structure de dissipation de la chaleur d'une alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule, comportant une batterie et une pompe à air. L'alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule comprend un corps de poignée (2). L'extrémité avant du corps de poignée (2) est reliée à l'extrémité avant de l'alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule au moyen d'une partie de liaison avant (21); l'extrémité arrière du corps de poignée (2) est reliée à l'extrémité arrière de l'alimentation électrique d'urgence montée sur véhicule au moyen d'une partie de liaison arrière (22); et le corps de poignée (2) est muni d'un trou de retenue de main. L'aspect en forme de pont arqué du corps de poignée (2) permet d'obtenir une amélioration du degré esthétique, et de plus, lorsque la poignée est tenue à la main, une rangée de trous traversants est formée dans la partie inférieure de la poignée, et lorsque la poignée est tenue, les trous traversants dans la partie inférieure confèrent à la poignée une élasticité supérieure, de manière à améliorer le confort.
Patent WO-2022057225-A1 (WO)
Title: Camera module and electronic device
Inventor: LI XUE
IPC: H04N7/14
Filed: 2021-03-18
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of display product manufacturing, and in particular, to a camera module and an electronic device. The camera module is configured to be connected to a display device, a main board is provided in the display device, and the camera module comprises: a mounting base portion configured to be fixedly connected to the display device, and a functional portion configured to be detachably connected to the mounting base portion, the functional portion comprising a housing, and a camera and a first adapter board which are mounted in the housing, the first adapter board being connected to the camera, and when the functional portion is mounted at the mounting base portion, the first adapter board being configured to be connected to the main board in the display device, so as to transmit signals between the camera and the main board in the display device. In the present disclosure, the camera module is integrated on the display device, so that functions such as a video conference can be achieved without an external camera, and the degree of matching between the display device and the camera module directly integrated on the display device is high. (Figure 3)
Patent WO-2022156063-A1 (WO)
Title: Three-dimensional memory devices and methods for forming thereof
Inventor: ZHANG QIANGWEI
IPC: H01L27/1157
Filed: 2021-03-29
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) memory devices and methods for forming the same are disclosed. In certain aspects, a 3D memory device includes a substrate, a stack structure laterally formed on the substrate and having a central area and a staircase area, a plurality of channel structures extending vertically in the central area, a plurality of dummy channel structures extending vertically in the staircase area, and a plurality of contact plugs formed in the staircase area and being electrically connected to the stack structure. A vertical projection of at least one of the dummy channel structures on a lateral surface of the substrate includes a two-dimensional shape with directionality.
Patent WO-2022205228-A1 (WO)
Title: Battery remaining charging time estimation method and apparatus, and battery management system
Inventor: SUN SHUTING
IPC: G01R31/367
Filed: 2021-03-31
Abstract: The present application provides a battery remaining charging time estimation method and apparatus, and a battery management system. The method comprises: on the basis of a required charging current value of each type of battery cell in a K-th charging stage, determining the minimum charging time of each type of battery cell in the K-th charging stage; and when the K-th charging stage of any type of battery cell in a battery is a target charging stage, determining the remaining charging time of the battery, the remaining charging time of the battery being the smallest cumulative value among cumulative values of the minimum charging time of each type of battery cell in the battery in respective charging stages. In this way, the remaining charging time of a battery containing a plurality of types of battery cells can be estimated. In addition, in the present application, estimation is carried out in stages, and the effect of temperature changes on the calculation of the remaining charging time is also considered, thereby further improving estimation accuracy of the remaining charging time for batteries containing multiple types of battery cells.
Patent WO-2021238421-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CUI LONGFEI
IPC: B60B35/10
Filed: 2021-04-07
Abstract: 一种具有自适应轮距调节功能的轮式农业机器人及其调节方法，轮式农业机器人包括控制系统、设有四只驱动轮腿的车体(3)和轮距调节执行机构，可通过车轮轮距的同步调节、两轮独立调节和四轮独立调节等调节模式，根据作物行行间距以及地形的变化，对轮距作出适应性的调整，减小压苗现象，保障底盘能顺利通过障碍物、狭窄路段等复杂地形，从而提高工作效率，降低作业成本。
Patent WO-2021213217-A1 (WO)
Inventor: WANG ZHOU
IPC: H04W24/08
Filed: 2021-04-13
Abstract: Disclosed in the present application are a measurement relaxation method and a communication device, which are used for providing a measurement relaxation policy based on the priority of a frequency point to fulfill both the energy consumption requirements of a terminal and the load gain requirements. The method comprises: a terminal determining the signal quality of a serving cell; according to the signal quality of the serving cell and a measurement relaxation threshold, determining a target measurement policy for measuring a target frequency point; and measuring the target frequency point according to the target measurement policy, wherein the terminal is in a first measurement relaxation scenario, the measurement relaxation threshold is greater than a measurement admission threshold, and the measurement admission threshold is a threshold used by a terminal, which is not in the first measurement relaxation scenario, when executing measurement.
Patent WO-2022033070-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for determining position of rack
Inventor: WANG PENG
IPC: G06Q10/08
Filed: 2021-04-22
Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the position of a rack. A specific embodiment of the method comprises: acquiring the number of automated guided vehicles having a rack scanner (201); determining, on the basis of the number, a scanning area of a site to which each automated guided vehicle belongs (202); determining, on the basis of each scanning area, a scanning route of a scanning area to which each automated guided vehicle belongs (203); sending the scanning route of the scanning area, to which the automated guided vehicle belongs, to the automated guided vehicle, such that the automated guided vehicle starts scanning from an entrance position of the scanning route of the scanning area to which the automated guided vehicle belongs, and drives out from an exit position of the scanning route of the scanning area to which the automated guided vehicle belongs (204); and determining, on the basis of scanning information of the rack scanner on the automated guided vehicle and position information of the automated guided vehicle, the position of a rack in the scanning area to which the automated guided vehicle belongs (205). By means of the embodiments, the positioning accuracy of a rack in a site is improved.
Patent WO-2022205540-A1 (WO)
Inventor: HUANG XIUHONG
IPC: A47L11/24
Filed: 2021-04-23
Abstract: 一种扫地机，包括主机（1）、吸尘盒（2）和风机（3），主机（1）体内设有电控装置，吸尘盒（2）体内分隔出尘腔（5）和风机腔（6），吸尘口（4）设在尘腔（5）对应的吸尘盒（2）底面，风机（3）设在风机腔（6）中，尘腔（5）中的气流进入风机腔（6）时需先经过过滤装置（7），风机腔（6）对应的吸尘盒（2）壁设有排风孔（8），风机（3）的排风口与排风孔（8）连通；吸尘盒（2）还设有取电接口，取电接口与风机（3）电连接，吸尘盒（2）与主机（1）连接在一起时，取电接口与电控装置实现电连接。
Patent WO-2021218924-A1 (WO)
Inventor: XU WEIWEI
IPC: H04N9/68
Filed: 2021-04-26
Abstract: Provided are a dynamic range mapping method and apparatus, which help to avoid the anomalous phenomenon where the brightness of pixels of a terminal device after mapping is higher than that of an original image when the maximum display brightness of the image is close to the maximum display brightness of a display device. The dynamic range mapping method comprises: acquiring a display parameter of a terminal device, and acquiring feature information of image data (910); acquiring a first parameter of a first tone mapping curve of the image data (920); when a preset condition is established, according to the first parameter, the display parameter of the terminal device and the feature information of the image data, obtaining a second parameter of a second tone mapping curve (930), wherein the output brightness at a first point on the second tone mapping curve is not higher than the input brightness of the first point on the second tone mapping curve; and performing dynamic range mapping on the image data according to the second parameter of the second tone mapping curve (940).
Patent WO-2022110643-A1 (WO)
Inventor: QIU RONGQUAN
IPC: B23K37/04
Filed: 2021-04-29
Abstract: A fan blade positioning tool of a heat dissipation device, comprising an annular mounting seat (1) horizontally arranged and multiple fan blade positioning seats (2) circumferentially and uniformly distributed and fixed on the inner side of the annular mounting seat (1), positioning grooves (3) matched with reinforcing ribs of fan blades being formed in the surfaces of the fan blade positioning seats (2). According to the fan blade positioning tool of the heat dissipation device, the fan blades are positioned by means of the positioning grooves in the surfaces of the fan blade positioning seats, such that welding of the fan blades is facilitated; and the fan blades are fixed to a welding station of a welding device by means of a positioning base to achieve automatic welding, thereby improving the efficiency.
Patent WO-2021239082-A1 (WO)
Title: Dual-agonist compound for both glp-1 and gip receptors and application thereof
Inventor: WU FANGZHOU
IPC: A61P3/10
Filed: 2021-05-28
Abstract: Provided is a dual-agonist compound for both Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptors and application thereof. In particular, provided are a polypeptide analog derived from GLP-1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which has an agonist effect on human GLP-1 receptor and human GIP receptor and can be used for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver.
Patent WO-2022062466-A1 (WO)
Title: Chip product comparison method and apparatus, chip product modeling method and apparatus, and storage medium
Inventor: ZHANG JIEMEI
IPC: G06T17/00
Filed: 2021-05-31
Abstract: Provided are a chip product comparison method and apparatus, a chip product modeling method and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method comprises: modeling a chip product in advance by using a neural network on the basis of a slice sequence of the chip products, so as to obtain three-dimensional stereoscopic models; during the comparison of the chip products, acquiring a comparison feature in response to an operation of a user, and for each chip product, acquiring, from a three-dimensional stereoscopic model corresponding to the chip product, a comparison result corresponding to the comparison feature; and then displaying the comparison result corresponding to each chip product. There is neither a need to manually compare pictures by means of multiple electronic files, nor to manually process a large amount of information, such that the comparison efficiency and accuracy of chip products are improved.
Patent WO-2022246922-A1 (WO)
Title: 一种微凝胶及其制备方法与应用
Inventor: YAN YISHU
IPC: C08J3/12
Filed: 2021-06-11
Abstract: 一种微凝胶及其制备方法，将透明质酸水溶液与壳聚糖水溶液混匀，并加入交联剂，混合反应得到微凝胶；其中，交联剂为金属盐。微凝胶可应用于药物载体制备，也可以应用于肺部给药系统制备，具有较好的生物相容性。
Patent WO-2022213482-A1 (WO)
Title: Deep well pump
Inventor: LIU WEI
IPC: F04D29/42
Filed: 2021-06-19
Abstract: A deep well pump, comprising a housing (1), wherein a pump shaft (2) is provided inside the housing (1), and a plurality of pump bodies (3), which are formed by means of connecting to each other in series, are sleeved on the pump shaft (2). An outer wall of each pump body (3) and an inner wall of the housing (1) form an annular cavity (30), pressure dividing mechanisms (4) are sleeved on the pump shaft (2), and the pressure dividing mechanisms (4) are arranged between the pump bodies (3) at intervals. Each pressure dividing mechanism (4) comprises an inner shaft sleeve (40) sleeved on the pump shaft (2), an inner cylinder sleeve (41) is sleeved on an outer wall of the inner shaft sleeve (40), a plurality of reinforcing plates (42) extend from an outer side wall of the inner cylinder sleeve (41) in a radial direction, an outer cylinder sleeve (43) abutting against an inner wall of the housing is formed at an outer end of each reinforcing plate (42), and a plurality of flow guide cavities (44) are formed between the reinforcing plates (42). The housing of the deep well pump is not prone to damage, and the service life thereof is long.
Patent WO-2022002058-A1 (WO)
Title: Body housing and vehicle having same
Inventor: LI JIA
IPC: B60R19/02
Filed: 2021-06-29
Abstract: A body housing, comprising a first shell (11) and a second shell (12) arranged at an interval along an inside-outside direction. The first shell (11) and the second shell (12) are configured such that the first shell (11) and the second shell (12) can be deformed to abut against each other when a vehicle collision occurs, so as to send a collision signal to a controller (2) of the vehicle by means of electric connection therebetween. Also disclosed is a vehicle having the body housing.
Patent WO-2022213495-A1 (WO)
Title: Threaded assembled steel-wood composite joint and installation method therefor
Inventor: Mou ben
IPC: E04B1/19
Filed: 2021-07-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of building structures, and specifically relates to a threaded assembled steel-wood composite joint and an installation method therefor. The joint comprises a snap-on assembled steel pipe column, a steel-wood composite beam and a threaded beam-to-column connector, wherein the steel-wood composite beam is connected to the snap-on assembled steel pipe column by means of the threaded beam-to-column connector; the snap-on assembled steel pipe column comprises end steel pipe columns and a middle steel pipe column, with two ends of the middle steel pipe column being respectively connected to the end steel pipe columns; and the steel-wood composite beam comprises an upper flange composite plate, a web, and a lower flange composite plate, wherein the web is connected to both the upper flange composite plate and the lower flange composite plate by means of a mortise-and-tenon joint. In the joint, the members are connected in a threaded manner, which improves the structural integrity, has no need for on-site welding so as to effectively shorten the construction period, and provides sufficient lateral support.
Patent WO-2023272715-A1 (WO)
Inventor: JASSAL AMAN
IPC: H04W84/02
Filed: 2021-07-02
Abstract: Système de communication, procédé, et un ou plusieurs dispositifs de stockage lisibles par ordinateur non transitoires permettant de joindre un équipement utilisateur afin de mettre en œuvre un accès initial à des nœuds de communication terrestres et non terrestres d'une zone de service. La zone de service est partitionnée en zones d'accès initial terrestres et zones d'accès initial non terrestres avec chaque zone terrestre d'accès initial associée à un ou plusieurs des nœuds de communication terrestres et chaque zone d'accès initial non terrestre associée à au moins l'un des nœuds de communication non terrestres. L'équipement utilisateur utilise des signaux de référence de positionnement provenant d'ancres de positionnement pour déterminer son emplacement, déterminer une zone à partir des zones d'accès initial terrestres et non terrestres sur la base de l'emplacement, sélectionner l'un des nœuds de communication terrestres et non terrestres sur la base de la zone déterminée, et établir une communication avec le nœud de communication sélectionné.
Patent WO-2022022237-A1 (WO)
Title: 侧链协调资源指示方法及装置、存储介质、终端
Inventor: ZHOU HUAN
IPC: H04W4/40
Filed: 2021-07-06
Abstract: 一种侧链协调资源指示方法及装置、存储介质、终端，其中，所述方法包括：接收请求UE发送的资源协调请求，并根据所述资源协调请求确定推荐/非推荐资源；根据所述推荐/非推荐资源生成资源辅助SCI，并将所述资源辅助SCI发送至所述请求UE，以使所述请求UE根据所述资源辅助SCI确定向其他UE发送数据的资源。通过该方法，能够协调各个UE之间进行侧链通信使用的资源，避免通信延迟或失败。
Patent WO-2023279383-A1 (WO)
Title: 腔体探测注射复合装置
Inventor: CHEN WEI-HUNG
IPC: A61B18/12
Filed: 2021-07-09
Abstract: 一种腔体探测注射复合装置，包括：套管壳体（10），围绕出容设空间（10A），套管壳体（10）具有开孔（10B），开孔（10B）与容设空间（10A）连通；弯曲通道（23），与容设空间（10A）及开孔（10B）连通；注射针（30），由可挠性材质制成，注射针（30）设置于容设空间（10A）及弯曲通道（23）内，注射针（30）具有穿刺端部（31），穿刺端部（31）自开孔（10B）穿出，穿刺端部（31）可自开孔（10B）伸出或收回；多个超音波探头（40），装设于该套管壳体（10），该多个超音波探头（40）装设于开孔（10B）的相对二侧，至少一个超音波探头（40）供以发送探测讯号，至少一个超音波探头（40）供以接收该探测讯号；监视装置（50），通过传输装置（60）与该多个超音波探头（40）信息连接。
Patent WO-2022012503-A1 (WO)
Title: Passive three-dimensional image sensing based on chromatic focal differentiation
Inventor: HE YI
IPC: G01S17/10
Filed: 2021-07-13
Abstract: Techniques are described for passive three-dimensional (3D) image sensing based on chromatic differentiation. For example, an object (105) can be imaged by using a photodetector array (210) to detect light reflected off of the object (105) and focused through a lens (110) onto the photodetector array (210). Light components of different wavelengths tend to be focused through the lens (110) to different focal lengths, which can tend to impact the brightness of each wavelength as detected. For example, if the photodetector array (210) is closer to a shorter-wavelength focal plane (120), a white spot will tend to be detected with a higher magnitude of blue light components than of red light components. Ratios of brightness magnitudes for different wavelengths vary in a manner that strongly correlates to object distance from the lens (110). Embodiments exploit this correlation to passively detect object distance. Some embodiments further provide various types of distance and/or chromatic calibration to further facilitate such detection.