baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1372431-A (GB)
Title: Control mechanism for the positional adjustment of an object
IPC: B25J7/00
Filed: 1971-11-12
Abstract: 1372431 Control mechanisms ISRAEL ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 12 Nov 1971 [19 Nov 1970] 52682/71 Heading B8H A mechanism for the positional adjustment of an object 11 such as an extraction electrode in an isotope mass separator comprises two pairs of levers 1, 2 and 1<SP>1</SP>, 2<SP>1</SP>, the levers 2, 2<SP>1</SP> being articulated to the levers 1, 1<SP>1</SP> respectively and the lower ends of the levers of each pair, which are biased together by means of a tension spring 15, being mounted on blocks 12, 14 which are slidable along guide rods 38, 36, the object 11 being attached to the upper ends of the levers 1, 1<SP>1</SP>. A pair of wires W 1 , W 1 <SP>1</SP> are connected to the object 11 adjacent to its connection with the levers 1, 1<SP>1</SP> and pass respectively about pulleys P 1 , P 1 <SP>1</SP> and P 4 , P 4 <SP>1</SP> and are wound around a control rod 20 which passes from the interior to the exterior of the mass separator so that on rotation of the rod 20 the wires W 1 , W 1 <SP>1</SP> are either slackened or tensioned which results in the slides blocks 12 moving along the guide rods 38, 36 and thus the translational movement of the object 11 in the X-direction as defined in Fig. 3. To produce translational movement of the object 11 in the y-direction a pair of wires W 2 , W 2 <SP>1</SP> which are attached to the slider blocks located at the ends of the levers 2, 2<SP>1</SP> and which pass about respective pulleys Ps, Ps<SP>1</SP> are wound on to a control rod 62 on whose rotation the wires W 2 , W 2 <SP>1</SP> are either simultaneously tensioned or slackened thus producing movement of the lever pairs 1, 2 and 1<SP>1</SP>, 21 in the y-direction. The object 11 can be rotated about an axis lying in the x-direction by rotating a control pin 73 which is connected to a rotatably mounted crank-pin 65 on which the pulley Ps<SP>1</SP> is mounted, the said rotation causing the lever 65 to be pivoted whereby one of the wires W 2 , W 2 <SP>1</SP> is slackened while the other one is tensioned. Rotation of the object 11 about an axis lying in the y-direction is effected on rotation of a control pin 76 which causes the pivotal displacement of a crank lever 21<SP>1</SP> on which the pulley P+<SP>1</SP> is mounted as a result of which one of the wires W 1 , W,<SP>1</SP> is stretched while the other one is slackened. It is also possible to rotate the object 11 about an axis lying in a direction at right angles to the x- and y-directions, Fig. 2, by rotating a control pin 84 which results in the pivotal displacement of a crank lever 81 on which a pulley P 3  is mounted, there being a wire W 3  passing in the x-direction from a point on the object 11 about a pulley P2 and then about the pulley P 3 .
Patent GB-1242890-A (GB)
Title: Synchronous pulse transmission system
IPC: H04L5/12
Filed: 1968-11-11
Abstract: 1,242,890. Digital transmission systems; multiplex systems. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. 11 Nov., 1968 [14 Nov., 1967], No. 53248/68. Headings H4P and H4R. Digital data is sent on two pairs of orthogonal carriers # 1 , # 2  equispaced about the centre frequency of the transmission band, the frequency spectrum of the transmitted signals having a zero-level portion about the centre frequency and a pair of pilot signals of frequencies # 3 , # 4  being sent in this portion, Fig. 3 (not shown). The pilot signals are derived from a highfrequency oscillator and from a source of clock pulses of frequency b equal to the pulse rate of the data pulses on any one carrier. The receiver derives orthogonal carriers and clock frequency signals from the pilot signals. The various frequencies have the following relationships: b= n (# 3  -# 4 ); 2 (# 1 -# 3 ) = m(# 3 -#4)s and 2(# 2 -# 3 )= p(f 3  -f 4 ), n, m and p being integers. Transmitter, Fig. 1.-Data pulses at a rate 4b from source 1 passes to gates 30-33 enabled sequentially by pulses from unit 34 which is fed by clock pulses at rate b. The output pulses from the gates are stretched at 47-50 whose outputs pass via filters 51-54, which suppress all frequencies greater than about b/2, to two pairs of orthogonal ring modulators 18-21. The carrier signals # 1 , # 2  fed to the modulators are obtained from the H.F. source 6 and the clock frequency pulses by means of a circuit comprising divider 60, mixers 61, 63, 64 and filters 62, 65, 66. This circuit also generates the pilot signals # 3 , # 4  which are added to the combined outputs of the modulators, the resulting signals being transmitted over a line. Receiver, Fig. 2.-The pilot frequencies are extracted by filters 14, 15, and by mixing, filtering, and multiplying, carriers # 1 , # 2  and clock frequency b signals are obtained. The carriers pass to orthogonal ring modulators 71-74 whose outputs pass via low-pass filters 77-80 to gates 81-84 enabled sequentially and at rate b by pulses from a unit 85 similar to unit 34 at the transmitter. The gates' outputs are added to provide the original data at rate 4b. Instead of a single input, the transmitter may have four inputs each at rate b, or may have eight inputs if four-level code is used on each channel.
Patent GB-1529804-A (GB)
Title: Purification of pollutant-containing gases
IPC: B01D53/50
Filed: 1974-12-11
Abstract: 1529804 Purifying gas streams EXXON RESEARCH & ENG CO Ltd 5 Dec 1975 [11 Dec 1974] 53536/74 Heading CIA  Gas pollutants, such as SO 2 , are contacted with a scrubbing liquid comprising a dispersed or dissolved solid which reacts to give an innocuous solid, e.g. CaO or CaCO 3 , in a drying zone constituted by a particulate solid bed 12 so that the liquid is evaporated and at least part of the solid retained in the bed, the resulting gas and entrained solids are scrubbed (at 20) with further scrubbing liquid (21) and the gas discharged (24) while the used scrubbing liquid is recovered and recycled with some make-up liquid 28 to the scrubbing zone and to the drying zone.
Patent GB-1339273-A (GB)
Title: Hygroscopic polymers
IPC: C08F271/02
Filed: 1970-11-11
Abstract: 1339273 Tumblers WARNER LAMBERT CO 11 Nov 1970 [28 Nov 1969] 53749/70 Heading A4A [Also in Divisions A5 B2 B5 C3 and G2] A drinking glass has a coating of a graft polymer comprising 20-45 per cent by weight of a polyvinyl pyrolidone and 80-55 per cent by weight of a polymerized monomethacrylate ester of a glycol.
Patent GB-1486300-A (GB)
Title: Ignition timing adjusting device for an internal combustion engine
IPC: F02P5/10
Filed: 1974-12-12
Abstract: 1486300 Ignition timing HITACHI Ltd 12 Dec 1974 [14 Dec 1973] 53861/74 Heading F1B Timing of an I.C. engine ignition system is effected by inlet manifold depression acting in the vacuum chamber defined between two flexible diaphragms 12, 14 having rigid centre discs 18, 19 of non-equal size so that the force due to the depression is not the same on each, springs 41 and 28 being arranged to act between the diaphragms and diaphragm 14 alone respectively so that with increasing inlet manifold depression applied to chamber 40, an adjusting rod 8 fast with diaphragm disc 18 moves initially to the right to advance the ignition, and then back to the left to retard the ignition. The rod 8 moves to the right until a stop nut 42 thereon abuts casing 11. With increasing depression, the rod does not move until the depression is sufficient to move diaphragm 14 against the biasing forces of springs 41 and 28, when both diaphragms, at hence rod 8, move back to the left.
Patent GB-1441159-A (GB)
Title: Heat dispersion devices for use with electronic apparatus
IPC: H01L23/467
Filed: 1973-11-23
Abstract: 1441159 Semi-conductor devices; component assemblies SONY CORP 23 Nov 1973 [24 Nov 1972 2 July 1973] 54570/73 Headings H1K and H1R In a convection-cooling arrangement 11, Fig. 1, for an electronic device 18, in which the device is secured to an Al heat-sink 16 having parallel fins 12 extending into a chimney 17, the fins 12 are equally spaced at distances in the range 5 to 10 mm., preferably 5 to 7 mm. As shown, the fins 12 are provided with ribs 28, and the chimney, which is made of channel members 21, 22 of sheet metal or heat-resisting plastics, is at least twice the height of the fins. Two such heat-sinks, each mounting a device, may be provided in a common chimney, the free ends of the respective sets of fins being adjacent but separated by a heat-insulating partition (70, Fig. 7, not shown) to provide separate convection ducts. Fig. 10 shows an H-shaped heat sink 101, the web 103 of which mounts two power transistors 107, the fins 105 extending from side plates 102. Each set of fins is provided in a separate chimney, although a plurality of such heat sinks may be joined in line by connecting rods, in which case a single chimney is provided on each side of the assembly (Fig. 11, not shown). In Fig. 4, the arrangement 11 of Fig. 1 is shown in a cabinet 34, e.g. of an amplifier, being mounted over an opening 38a in the cabinet base 38; exhaust holes 37, 40 for heated air are provided in the top and back walls 35, 39 of the cabinet. In a modification, (Fig. 5, not shown) the arrangement 11 is mounted obliquely in the cabinet, an additional exhaust duct (17a) connecting the top of the chimney with an opening (42) in a side wall of the cabinet.
Patent GB-1173278-A (GB)
Title: A method for Combating Undesired Plant Growth
IPC: A01N37/48
Filed: 1966-12-08
Abstract: 1,173,278. Herbicides containing dinitrophenyl ethers. CIBA Ltd. 8 Dec., 1966 [9 Dec., 1965], No. 54942/66. Heading A5E. [Also in Division C2] Undesired plant growth in a crop area is combatted by treatment with a preparation containing a compound of formula wherein R is H, halogen, C 1-4  alkyl or alkoxy, or NO 2 , CN, SCN, Ac, SMe, SOMe, SO 2 Me, SO 3 H, SO 2 NMe 2 , CHO or CO 2 H, and a carrier.
Patent GB-1326989-A (GB)
Title: Motor driven vehicles
IPC: B60K17/28
Filed: 1971-11-29
Abstract: 1326989 Vehicle power-take-off MASCHINENFABRIK SCHILTER & CO 29 Nov 1971 [2 Dec 1970] 55251/71 Headings B7D and B7H A vehicle, e.g. an agricultural tractor comprises an engine 1, clutch housing 2, intermediate housing 3, gearbox 4 and rear axle housing 5 and has a front power-take-off (p.t.o.) shaft 37 which is rotatably mounted in the front axle 14. Front axle 14 oscillates about pivots 15, 16 in in support frames 10, 11 and p.t.o. shaft 37 is carried in bearings 35, 36 coaxial with the pivots. Drive to the p.t.o. shaft 37 is taken by shaft 46 from the clutch output 44 to a gear train 42, 43, 38, gear 38 being fast with the p.t.o. shaft. The front wheels may be drivable by shaft 7 from the gearbox output 6. Gear 43 may be omitted, gears 42 and 38 then meshing directly or being connected by an endless chain. (For Figure see next page.)
Patent GB-1336858-A (GB)
Title: Nematicidal compositions
IPC: A01N57/16
Filed: 1970-11-20
Abstract: 1336858 0,0 - Diethyl - 0 - 3 - pyridyl - thiophosphate PEPRO SOC POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET LA VENTE DE SPECIALITES CHIMIQUES 20 Nov 1970 [26 Nov 1969] 55277/70 Heading C2P [Also in Division A5] 0,0 - Diethyl - 0 - 3 - pyridyl - thiophosphate is prepared by reacting the sodium salt of hydroxy - 3 - pyridine with diethylchlorothionophosphate.
Patent GB-1284465-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vehicle bodies
Inventor: FARGEN JOSEPH ARTHUR
IPC: B60P1/56
Filed: 1969-11-12
Abstract: 1284465 Vehicle bodies J A FARGEN 19 April 1971 [12 Nov 1969] 55393/69 Heading B7B [Also in Division B8] A vehicle for transporting and discharging loose bulk solid materials comprises a plurality of hopper compartments 10 which are arranged along the vehicle chassis and have discharge openings 15 with sliding doors 16 disposed above an endless belt conveyer 17 extending longitudinally of the chassis. The conveyer is reversible so that it can discharge at the front through a rotary seal 23 into a pneumatic conveyer or at the rear through a shoot 24 into a swingable boom conveyer 22 supported by an inverted-Y mounting 26 and an elevatable boom 29.
Patent GB-1291120-A (GB)
Title: Fluorescent lamp
Inventor: SCHREURS WILLY P
IPC: H01J61/35
Filed: 1969-11-13
Abstract: 1291120 Fluorescent discharge lamps GTE SYLVANIA Inc 13 Nov 1969 [13 Nov 1968] 55690/69 Heading H1D A Hg containing fluorescent lamp comprises a glass envelope coated on to inner surface with a layer less than 1 micron thick of TiO 2  containing 2 to 5% by weight Sb 2 O 3  to reduce the starting voltage. The lamp includes oxide coated W coil electrodes and is filled with 85% A, 15% He. The TiO 2  has a particle size less than 0À05 Á.
Patent GB-1214976-A (GB)
Title: Emulsions
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1967-12-07
Abstract: 1,214,976. Cosmetic &c. compositions. L'OREAL. 7 Dec., 1967 [8 Dec., 1966], No. 55692/67. Heading A5B. [Also in Divisions B1 and B2]  A cosmetic composition free from water comprises a solution in an oil of one or more emulsifiers of general formula where R is a saturated aliphatic C 12  to C 30  radical, R<SP>1</SP> is methyl or ethyl, m is 1 to 10 and n is 1 to 5, and a coupling agent which may be (a) magnesium isostearate, (b) a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a liphophilic chain and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a dicarboxylic acid anhydride group, (c) a copolymer obtained by hydrolysing (b), (d) a magnesium salt of (c), (e) diethylene glycol isostearate or a polyethylene glycol isostearate. Another cosmetic composition or a pharmaceutical excipient contains a water in oil emulsion comprising the emulsifier and coupling agent as above. The emulsion may contain 20% to 70% water. Preferred cosmetic compositions are limpid solutions containing a mixture of an oil, a C 2  to C 3  alcohol, an emulsifier and a copolymer as above, and water. Examples of pharmaceutical compositions comprise triamcinolone and a mixture of dichlorophene and hexachlorophene respectively.
Patent GB-1345623-A (GB)
Title: Stripping or peeling machines used for treating elongate material
IPC: B23Q5/22
Filed: 1971-12-08
Abstract: 1345623 Bar feed; lathes TH KIESERLING & ALBRECHT 8 Dec 1971 [15 Feb 1971] 57083/71 Headings B3B and B3T [Also in Division B8] Apparatus for stripping or peeling, e.g. descaling, articles such as rods or tubes, comprises a cutter unit 2 to which a workpiece 3 is fed by pairs of rollers 4 and from which the workpiece is drawn by a work-gripping carriage 5 reciprocable longitudinally of the apparatus. The rollers 4 are driven by a motor 9 which, through a clutch 11a, also drives a roller 17 by means of worm gear 12, 14 and a clutch 15. The carriage 5 includes gripping-jaws 6, 6a of which 6a is movable to a gripping position by a cylinder device 26. Means for reciprocating the carriage comprises the roller 17 which is urged into engagement with a rod 23 secured to the carriage 5. Means for additionally urging the roller 17 upwardly comprises an hydraulically actuated piston-cylinder 19, 20. An idler roller 25 opposes the roller 17. In operation, when the end 3a of the workpiece passes between the gripping-jaws the jaw 6a is operated and the clutches 11a, 15 engaged so that the roller 17 is driven and the carriage 5, together with the rod 24, is drawn to the rear of the bed 1a of the apparatus at a speed corresponding to the feed velocity of the rollers 4. The clutch 11a is then disengaged and drive from a motor 27 is engaged, by means not shown, with the gearing 12, 14 so that the carriage is returned at high speed to its initial position. In a modification, Fig. 5, a roller 29 which engages a stationary traction rail 30 is driven by a variable-speed motor 28 which is mounted on the carriage 5. An idler roller 17a mounted on a piston 20a is pressed into engagement with the rail 30.
Patent GB-1160520-A (GB)
Title: Method of Separating Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Mixtures containing them.
IPC: C10G21/00
Filed: 1966-12-28
Abstract: 1,160,520. Separating aromatic hydrocarbons. SOC. ITALIANA RESINE S.p.A. 28 Dec., 1966 [29 Dec., 1965], No. 58009/66. Heading C5E. Aromatic hydrocarbons are separated from liquid hydrocarbon mixtures by introducing the mixture into a multi-stage extractor at an elevated temperature countercurrent to an organic solvent selected from diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, a mixture of said glycols and sulpholane, withdrawing from the extractor an aromatic-rich liquid extract and a non-aromaticrich liquid raffinate, conveying said extract to a second multi-stage extractor, operating at lower temperature than the first, countercurrent to a saturated hydrocarbon mixture boiling at atmospheric pressure below 50‹ C., recovering from the second extractor a first liquid phase comprising organic solvent (which may be recycled) and which is substantially free from aromatic hydrocarbons, and a second liquid phase comprising aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons and which is substantially free from solvent, and rectifying said second liquid phase to recover aromatics as product and saturated hydrocarbons which are recycled to the second extractor. The organic solvent preferably contains 2-30% water. A suitable saturated hydrocarbon for the second extraction is butane, which may be obtained by distillation of the raffinate from the first extractor. In an example, benzene of over 97% purity is recovered from a hydrogenated reforming petrol cut.
Patent GB-1187240-A (GB)
Title: Process for Preparing Polyolefins
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1967-12-22
Abstract: 1,187,240. Polyolefins. MITSUI PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 22 Dec., 1967 [23 Dec., 1966 (2); 25 July, 1967], No. 58504/67. Heading C3P. A polymerization catalyst comprises (a) a halogen compound of titanium or vanadium in a valency state below its maximum, and (b) an organoaluminium compound of the formula, or a mixture of compound having an average composition corresponding to the formula RAlX n F 2-n  wherein R represents hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl radical, X represents a halogen except fluorine, and 0À1<n<0À7. The mole ratio of (a) to (b) is preferably from 2: 1 to 1: 10. Preferably, R represents hydrogen, an alkyl radical of 1-7 carbon atoms, a phenyl or tolyl radical, and X represents a chlorine atom, and component (a) is titanium trichloride. Component (b) may be prepared by mixing R<SP>1</SP>AlF 2  with R<SP>1</SP>AlX m F 2-m  wherein R<SP>1</SP> is an alkyl or aryl radical, X is as above, and m is 1 or 2. An alkyl allyl ether may be included, such as methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, n-butyl-, iso-amyl-, n-hexyl- or n-octyl allyl ether, and the mole ratio of (b) to ether is from 10 :1 to 1: 2. The catalyst may be used to polymerize an α-olefin of not less than 3 carbon atoms either alone or in admixture with ethylene or another α-olefin. The polymerization preferably takes place at - 20‹ to 100‹ C. and at a pressure of up to 50 atmospheres, in the presence of a chain transfer agent. In the examples: (1) propylene, optionally with butene, is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst system comprising titanium trichloride and a mixture of at least two of EtAlClF, EtAlCl 2  and EtAlF 2 , optionally in the presence of allyl ethyl ether and hydrogen; (2) a block polymer of propylene and ethylene is obtained by sequentially polymerizing the monomers in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst system comprising titanium trichloride and a mixture of EtAlClF and EtAlCl 2  or iso-BuAlF 2  and EtAlCl 2 , and (3) propylene, propylene with ethylene, or 4-methyl pentene-1 are polymerized using a catalyst system comprising titanium trichloride, EtAlCl 0 . 59 F 1 . 41  and allyl ethyl ether. These reactions were carried out in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, the catalyst being finally destroyed by methanol, and the polymer product extracted with hot heptane.
Patent GB-1462853-A (GB)
Title: Polymerisation or copolymerisation of unsaturated esters
IPC: C08F299/00
Filed: 1972-12-22
Abstract: 1462853 Polymerization of esters using a peroxy compound AKZO NV 21 Dec 1973 [22 Dec 1972] 59395/72 Heading C3P One of more esters containing one or more vinyl or vinylidene groups are polymerized using as the sole initiator an organic peroxidic compound of the formula wherein R 1 -R 4  may be the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, a branched or unbranched alkyl group which may be substituted with an alkoxy, hydroxy or alkoxycarbonyl group or with halogen, an aryl group which may be substituted with an alkyl, hydroxy or alkoxy group or halogen or an aralkyl group whose aryl group may be substituted by an alkyl, hydroxy or alkoxy group or halogen or wherein one or more of R 1  and R 2 ; R 3  and R 4  and R 1  and R 4  may form a branched or unbranched alkylene group or wherein R 1  together with R 2  and R 3  may form a branched or unbranched alkylidene group, a metal compound also being present as an accelerator at least when the polymerization is conducted at ambient temperature. The peroxidic compound may be mixed with a plasticizer, phlegmatizer, a solid carrier and/or a solvent prior to incorporation into the ester. The metal compound is preferably a Co, Mn or V compound. In the examples methyl methacrylate, a mixture of methyl methacrylate and styrene, the condensation product of acrylic acid and bisphenol A bis-glycidyl ether or the condensation product of methacrylic acid and bisphenol A bis- (# hydroxyethyl ether) is polymerized in bulk in the presence of cobalt octoate or a vanadium compound and one of 2,5-dimethyl 2,5-dihydroperoxy 3,4 - dioxahexane; 3,6 - dimethyl 3,6 - dihydroperoxy 4,5 - dioxaoctane; 1,1<SP>1</SP> - dihydroperoxy 1,1<SP>1</SP> - dicyclohexyl (or 4- methylcyclohexyl) peroxide; 1(2<SP>1</SP> - hydroperoxy 2<SP>1</SP> - butylperoxy)cyclohexyl 1- hydroperoxide; 4,7 - dihydroperoxy 5,6 - dioxadecane; 2,7 - dimethyl 3,6 - dihydroperoxy 4,5 - dioxaoctane; 3,5 - dimethyl 3,5- dihydroxyperoxy 1,2 - dioxolane; 7,10 - dihydroperoxy 8,9 - dioxahexadecane; bis(2,6- dimethyl 4 - hydroperoxyheptyl) 4,4<SP>1</SP> - peroxide and bis(5-methyl 3-hydroperoxyheptyl)- 3,3<SP>1</SP>-peroxide.
Patent GB-1331456-A (GB)
Title: Circu-t arrangement for suppressing the chrominance sub-carrier in a pal signal
IPC: H04N9/78
Filed: 1970-12-16
Abstract: 1331456 Colour television PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 16 Dec 1970 [19 Dec 1969] 59704/70 Heading H4F The colour information signal (F) of a PAL colour television signal (FBAS) with quarter line offset is suppressed by supplying the signal via an equalizing delay 5 to one input of a subtractor 3, and via a bandpass filter 4 which passes only signals in the F signal frequency range and and two comb filters 1 and 2 to the other input of the subtractor 3. Comb filter 1 adds 11 the direct and approximately one line period (see later) delayed 14 signal, the resulting sum signal being fed back via a feedback network 12 to the input of the delay line. Comb filter 2 is similar to filter 1 but the direct and delayed signals are subtracted due to phase shifter 25. The delay period T of the delay lines 14 and 24 differs from one line period by one quarter of the period of the colour subcarrier of the PAL signal, and specifically is such that 1/T = f z  (1-e/n) where e = 0À25, n = 284 and f z  is the line frequency. The signals at the outputs of the comb filters comprise the colour difference signals V and U, which are amplified 6 and 7 so that their amplitudes are the same as the V and U components in the FBAS signal from which they are subtracted. The feedback factors of networks 12 and 22 are preferably the same i.e. k, in which case the amplification factor v of amplifiers 6 and 7 comprises v = (1-k<SP>2</SP>)/(2 + 2k) where k | 0. With k = 0À7 the maximum valve of U 2 /U 1  i.e. FBAS/BAS, is 0À94, and thus the Y-components of the output signal U 2  in the F signal frequency range have an amplitude 6% lower than the Y signal components in the input signal U 1 . This difference may be compensated by additional amplification of the high-frequency Y-components. The arrangement of the two comb filters in parallel improves the vertical definition of the resulting displayed picture, especially when the Y signal amplitude changes in stepwise manner from 100% to 0 at the end of a line.