Patent GB-612227-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the treatment of textile fabrics to reduce slipping, laddering, fraying or the like
IPC: D06M15/244
Filed: 1946-05-20
Abstract: A composition comprising an acetone-insoluble polyvinyl chloride or a co-polymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride containing 80-95 per cent vinyl chloride is deposited on fabric in an amount insufficient to close the interstices of the fabric, e.g. between 0.25 and 7.0 per cent of the weight of the fabric, and usually a plasticizer is included in the dope, which may be either a true solution or a colloidal dispersion.  The solvent should have no action on the fabric and should deposit the polyvinyl chloride as a film in preference to granules; suitable solvents are methyl ethyl ketone, propylene dichloride, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane.  Of these only propylene dichloride is suitable for cellulose acetate fabrics, but the others can be rendered satisfactory for use by admixture with aliphatic ketones containing at least five C-atoms such as methyl iso-propyl, methyl iso-butyl and methyl n-amyl ketones.  Suitable plasticizers include triaryl phosphates and the usual phthalate plasticizers and in addition dioctyl and dilauryl phthalates, dibutyl and dioctyl sebacates, dibutyl adipate, tributyl citrate, tetrahydrofuryl oleate and methyl cyclohexyl oxalate.  Heat and light stabilizers such as lead stearate, diphenyl thiourea, alpha-phenyl indole and adipic acid hydrazide, dyestuffs and fillers such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide may also be present.ALSO:A process for rendering woven, knitted and netted fabrics less liable to laddering, slipping or fraying comprises the deposition on the fabric of a composition comprising an acetone-insoluble polyvinyl chloride or a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride containing 80-95 per cent vinyl chloride in amount insufficient to close the interstices of the fabric.  The amount applied may be between 0.25 and 7.0 per cent of the weight of the fabric, and usually a plasticizer is included in the dope, which may be either a true solution or a colloidal dispersion.  (The term "solution" applies to both kinds of composition.)  The solvent should have no action on the fabric and should deposit the polyvinyl chloride as a film in preference to granules; suitable solvents are methyl ethyl ketone, propylene dichloride, dioxane, tetra-hydrofurane.  Of these only propylene dichloride is suitable for cellulose acetate fabrics, but the others can be rendered satisfactory for use by admixture with aliphatic ketones containing at least five C-atoms such as methyl iso-propyl, methyl iso-butyl and methyl n-amyl ketones.  The concentration of polyvinyl chloride deposited is preferably between 1-12 per cent depending on the structure of the fabric.  Suitable plasticizers include triaryl phosphates and the usual phthalate plasticizers and in addition dioctyl and dilauryl phthalates, dibutyl and dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl adipate, tributyl citrate, tetrahydrofuryl oleate and methyl cyclohexyl oxalate, these compounds being employed in amount between 25-200 per cent by weight of the polyvinyl chloride, and preferably about 100 per cent.  Heat and light stabilizers such as lead stearate, diphenyl thiourea, alpha-phenyl indole and adipic acid hydrazide may also be present.  A suitable apparatus for applying the dope to woven fabrics is described (see Group VIII); knitted and netted fabrics are best treated by a padding device.  The solvent is removed by means of heated air and adsorbed on charcoal, activated alumina or silica gel. The dyeing properties of the treated fabric are improved, and a pleasing effect may be obtained by incorporating the dyestuff in the polyvinyl composition in an amount 0.01-1 per cent by weight of the polyvinyl compound.  White fillers such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide may also be included up to 10 per cent.  In an example, a composition comprising 5 per cent of polyvinyl chloride and 5 per cent of tricresylphosphate in methyl ethyl ketone is applied to a light weight regenerated cellulose woven fabric, which retains an amount of dope equal to 25-35 per cent of its weight.  It is then passed to a drying chamber where the solvent is evaporated.