Patent GB-1029815-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in television and like data transmission systems
Inventor: CHERRY EDWARD COLIN
IPC: H04N7/26
Filed: 1962-06-22
Abstract: 1,029,815. Television; band-width compression system. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. June 21, 1963 [June 22, 1962], No. 24053/62. Headings H4F and H4R. Relates to a bandwidth reduction system for television signals in which the original signals from a scanner 1 are converted to digital form in a converter 4 at a sampling rate which is varied in accordance with the instantaneous picture detail, and the variable rate digital signals are entered in a store 6 and read out to control transmisson at a constant rate. The invention is described as applied to a signal having a bandwidth of 3 Mc/s. and the sampling is chosen to be at intervals of 1/6, 1/2 or 1<SP>1</SP>/ 2  microseconds according to picture detail. The read-out is nvariable at 1/2 microsecond intervals. The picture detail (i.e. a significant change in signal amplitude) is determined by a detector 2 which operates according to two significant detail levels only. If the detail is continuously at the high level, sampling proceeds continuously at 1/6 microsecond intervals; if the detail is continuously at the low level, sampling proceeds continuously at 1<SP>1</SP>/ 2  microsecond intervals. Short intervals of low level detail are filled by optimum combinations of samples at 1/6 and 1/2 microseconds. The detail detector 2 controls converter 4 by way of a sample rate selector 3, the successive sample rates as they come into use being entered in a sample rate store 9 as a two-digit, parallel, binary number generated by a coder 5. Converter 4 analyses the signal amplitude according to 128 possible levels and generates a seven-digit parallel, binary number. Stores 6 and 9 each have 150 stages and comprise respectively 7 and 2 channels in parallel. A further similar store 8 is provided having only one channel. The three stores operate in step, the operating procedure being such that signals are read into the stores so as to fill the first empty stage proceeding from right to left, whilst signals are read out from the right-hand end stages, each read-out operation causing existing entries to be advanced one stage to the right. Since signals are entered at a variable rate and read-out at a constant rate the store contents fluctuate and during periods of prolonged high and low picture detail the stores may become over- and underloaded respectively. It is the purpose of store 8 to prevent this happening. Under such conditions signals which appear on leads 10 and 11 connected respectively to the extreme lefthand and third stages are applied to sample rate selector 3 to over-ride the control exerted by detail detector 2. Thus, overloading of the store in response to continuous 1/6 microsecond sampling results in a signal on lead 10 which operates to change sampling to the 1/2 microsecond intervals whilst underloading of the store in response to continuous 1<SP>1</SP>/ 2  microsecond sampling results in a signal on lead 11 which operates to change sampling to the 1/2 microsecond intervals. The signals read out from stores 6 and 9 are transmitted over suitable channels 14 to a receiver 15. The signals may be transmitted directly in binary form or (as illustrated) may first be converted to analogue form. The signal from store 6 contains the original picture detail but with the timing changed so as to produce a uniform information transmission rate, and hence reduced bandwidth, whilst the signal from store 9 contains the necessary information to reestablish the correct timing. In one method of operation the signal from store 6 (in analogue form) is applied to the intensity control electrode of a picture tube in conventional manner, whilst the signal from store 9 is applied to control the scanning rate. For the high sampling rate (1/6 microsecond intervals) the scanning speed is reduced to one-third of that employed for the medium sampling rate (1/2 microsecond intervals). For the low sampling rate (1<SP>1</SP>/ 2  microsecond intervals) the scanning speed is increased three times. Specification 858,346 is referred to in this respect. The analogue to digital and digital to analogue converters are of known form and are not described in detail. Detail detector 2, sample rate selector 3, sample rate coder 5 and store 6 are described more fully in block diagram form, Figs. 3, 6, 7, 9 and 10 (not shown). In the detail detector the picture signal is passed through a series of delay circuits so as to permit the comparison of the signal amplitude at four instants spaced apart by 1/6 microsecond. A condition of high detail is considered to exist if there is a predetermined difference between: (1) the amplitudes at first and second instants, (2) the amplitude at the first instant and the average of the amplitudes at the second and third instants, or (3) the amplitude at the first instant and the average of the amplitudes at the second, third and fourth instants.