Patent GB-490567-A (GB)
Title: Process for increasing the wetting-out and penetrating action of strong alkaline solutions
IPC: D06M11/38
Filed: 1937-06-03
Abstract: The wetting-out and penetrating properties of strong alkali lyes are improved by adding such amines or ammonium compounds as contain at least one terminal hydrocarbon radicle with at least three carbon atoms or several hydrocarbon radicles with at least two carbon atoms each and one or several aliphatic hydroxy groups, but no chains with more than five ethanoxy groups.  The use of amines having a polyglycerine radicle or one or two hydroxyethyl groups and at the same time a benzene residue or a cyclohexane residue and also saturated heterocyclic amines having a mono or polyhydroxyalkyl group is excluded.  The wetting &c. property can be further improved when necessary, e.g. with lyes of insufficient concentration of alkali by the addition of ether-alcohols of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and heterocyclic series.  Ethers of glycols and other polyhydric alcohols, and acetals of ketones and aldehydes are suitable.  When alkali lyes of such strength are used that they tend to precipitate the hydroxyamines or ammonium compounds, the following dispersing agents may be added: highly sulphonated oils, benzene mono and polysulphonic acids and their sulphamides, the homologues of phenol, mono and poly sulphonic acids, aliphatic sulphonic acids, e.g. isopentanesulphonic acid, butylhydroxyethanesulphonic acid and sulphonic acids obtained by reacting sulphuric acid esters of glycol, polyglycol and glycerol ethers with sodium sulphite, sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic and cyclic alcohols, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with 3-12 carbon atoms and glucoside derivatives of sugars, alcohols or ether - alcohols.  In examples, the following hydroxyamines and ammonium compounds are added to alkali lyes: dihydroxyethylisoamylamine, di-(dihydroxypropyl) - isoamylamine, dihydroxy-ethyl - n - butylamine, monodihydroxypropyl-monoisoamylamine, b  : g  - dihydroxypropyl-mono and di-n-butylamine, dihydroxypropyl-diisoamylamine, hydroxyethyl(di - b  - propylamine, di(dihydroxypropyl) - n - hexylamine, dihydroxypropylnaphtheneamine, di(dihydroxypropyl)naphtheneamine, triisoamyldihydroxypropylammoniumchloride, dihydroxypropyl-2-aminopentane, di(dihydroxypropyl)-n-butylamine, di(hydroxyethyl)isohexylamine, dihydroxypropylisohexylamine, dihydroxypropyl-n-heptylamine, dihydroxypropyldiethylamine, N - dihydroxyethylaminopropyl - n - butylether, diisoamyldi (dihydroxypropyl) ammoniumchloride, dihydroxyethylisoamylamine, N-di-(dihydroxypropyl)aniline, cyclohexyldi(di-hydroxypropyl)amine, a - isoamylhydroxy - b -hydroxy - g  - aminopropane, dihydroxypropyl-dipropylamine, the reaction product of glycide with asym-diethylenediamine and the reaction product of 1 mol. metaxylidine with 2 mols. glycide. Glycerinemonoamylether, isoamylglucoside and diethyleneglycolmonobutylether are used in examples to increase the wetting properties of hydroxyamines.  In another example, dihydroxypropylisobutylamine is added to lyes containing (a) sodium chloride to increase the density of the lye; (b) sodium silicate to reduce the shrinkage of the cotton; (c) glycerine to increase the viscosity of the lye; and (d) zinc chloride.  In each case the wetting and penetrating effect is improved.  A caustic soda lye containing monodihydroxypropylmonoisoamylamine may be used for the lanification of tissues and for the preparation of alkali cellulose for the viscose industry.  Specifications 27020/97, [Class 42], 210,484, 323,307, [both in Class 42 (i)], 372,325, and 459,309 are referred to.  Di (dihydroxypropyl)isoamylamine and di-(dihydroxypropyl) cyclohexyl amine are prepared by reacting 1 mol. of the appropriate base with 2 mols. of glycide.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 480,837.