Patent GB-719445-A (GB)
Title: Branched chain alcohol derivatives
IPC: C08G65/28
Filed: 1952-12-22
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula: <FORM:0719445/IV (b)/1> in which R is an alkyl group of 10 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least two branched chains, X is H or CH3, n is an integer from 1 to 12 and 2 is either H, SO3Mm, or PO3Mm wherein M is a cation, and m is 1/2 , 1 or 2, and the preparation thereof by condensing ethylene or propylene oxide with a primary aliphatic alcohol of about 10 to 20 carbon atoms containing a plurality of branched chains.  As alcohols there may be used 2,4,5,5,7-pentamethyl-1-octanol, 2,3,5,7 - tetramethyl - 1 p  - nonanol, 3,5 - diethyl-1 - octanol, 2,4,7 - trimethyl - 1 - nonanol, 2,4,5,6,8 - pentamethyl - 1 - nonanol, 2,6,7-trimethyl - 3 - ethyl - 1 - octanol, 2,4,6,8 - tetramethyl - 1 - nonanol, 2,3,5 - trimethyl - 4,7-diethyl - 1 - octanol, 2,3,5,6 - tetramethyl-5,7 - diethyl - 1 - octanol, 3,5 - dimethyl-4,6 - diethyl - 1 - heptanol, 3,4,5 - trimethyl-4,6 - 1 - heptanol, 2 - ethyl - 3,5,7 - trimethyl-1-octanol, 2-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-1-octanol, 4-butyl - 2 - methyl - 1 - octanol, 2,5,7,7 - tetramethyl - 1 - octanol, 3,5,7,7 - tetramethyl - 1-octanol, 2,5 - diethyl - 3,7 - dimethyl - 1-octanol, and 2,5,7,9 - tetramethyl - 1 - decanol.  Alcohols such as Oxo tridecyl alcohol produced by the Oxo process, i.e. from an olefine, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, may also be employed.  The condensation may be effected under raised temperatures and pressures in the presence of quaternary hydroxides, amines, acidic and coordinating type compounds or strong alkaline catalysts, e.g. KOH.  If an ester is desired as end product, the condensation products may be esterified with chlorosulphonic, sulphamic, and sulphuric acids or with an inorganic acid anhydride, e.g. SO3 or P2O5, or with acid halides, e.g. sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus pentachloride.  The resulting esters may be neutralized with potassium or sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or acetate, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, calcium oxide or hydroxide, magnesium oxide or hydroxide, strontium, hydroxide, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methylamine, diethylamine, butylamine, propylamine, cyclohexylamine, morpholine or pyridine. The products of the invention are wetting agents and are useful in dyeing, as emulsifiers, as additions to petroleum products and cleaning compositions.ALSO:Compounds of the formula:- <FORM:0719445/IV(c)/1> in which R is an alkyl group of 10 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least two branched chains, X is H or CH3, n is an integer from 1 to 12 and Z is either H, SO3 Mm or PO3 Mm wherein M is a cation and m is 1/2 , 1 or 2, can be used as wetting, frothing or washing agents in treating textiles; for carbonizing; for dyeing; for the pasting of dyestuffs; for fulling, sizing and bleaching treatments; as cleansing agents for hard water; in tanning and mordanting processes; for dyeing in 'padding' liquors; for dyeing acetate silk with insoluble dyestuffs; for preparation of dyestuffs in finely divided form; for the cleansing of vegetable fibres; for producing foam in fire extinguishers, as a means for improving the absorption power of fibrous bodies; as an aid in softening baths for hides and skins; in metal cleaning compositions; in dry cleaning compositions, as froth flotation agents, additives for road building materials; as air entraining agents for concrete and cement; as refining aids in wood digesters to prepare pulp; as additives to pulp slurries in beating operations to prevent foaming and also to aid the beating operation in paper making; as mercerizing assistants; in dispersing agents, detergents, penetrating agents, dishwash agents, anti-static agents, disinfectants, insecticides, moth-proofing agents, bacteriocides, fungicides and biocides; as anti-fogging agents; as corrosion inhibitors, additives for paints and in cosmetics.ALSO:Compounds of the formula <FORM:0719445/III/1> in which R is an alkyl group of 10 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least two branched chains, X is H or CH3, n is an integer from 1 to 12 and Z is either H1 SO3Mm or p  PO3Mm wherein M is a cation and m is 1/2 1 1 or 2, are valuable for use as additives to petroleum products, e.g. fuel oils, hydraulic fluids, lubricating oils, cutting oils, greases and as additives to the water or brine used for oil recovery from oil-bearing strata by flooding techniques, and are also useful for breaking petroleum emulsions.  They are also useful for converting liquid or solid substances which per se are insoluble in water (such as hydrocarbons, higher alcohols, oils, fats, waxes and resins) into creamy emulsions clear solutions or fine, stable dispersions and as emulsifiers in insecticide compositions and agricultural sprays.  A product obtained by condensing Oxo tridecyl alcohol with ethylene oxide is used to emulsify a mineral oil.