Patent GB-190214851-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Electric Vehicles.
Inventor: LOHNER LUDWIG
Filed: 1902-07-03
Granted: 1903-05-21
Abstract: 14,851. Lohner, L., and Porsche, F. July 3. Lighting, systems of; switches.-Relates to a switch or controller system for electric vehicles by means of which fourteen different phases of speed can be produced, three by controlling the motors and eleven by controlling the dynamo ; the dynamo may also be cut out of circuit and the motors arranged as generators for braking purposes by suitably operating the controller. Fig. 1 shows the development of the controller cylinder with its three sets A, B, and C of sliding contacts placed opposite the set Y of fixed contacts 1, 2, 3, &c. which rub over them. The set A is used in the variation of the speed, the set B in the starting of the driving- engine and the dynamo, and the set C in connection with the braking of the vehicle. The three main positions of the set Y for the direct coutrolling of the motors are shown by the lines 5, 10, and 14. When the set Y is in the first of these lines, the poles of the dynamo armature a are connected through the contacts 17, d, and 16, dynamo field coil b, and contacts 15 and e, to the contact f, and thence through the contact 8, motor field coil b<1>, contacts 6, g, and 7, field coil b', contacts 5, h, and 4, commutator D, armature a<2>, contacts 2, i, and 3, armature a<1>, commutator D, and contacts 1, k, m, and 18. The dynamo and the motors are all in series in this position. The armatures a' and a' are placed in parallel between the contacts h, k when the set Y is in the line 10, the field coils b<1>, b<2> being, however, in series. By placing the set Y in the line 14, the circuit is divided at the contact f into two branches, each of which contains one of the motor armatures and the corresponding field coil. In the subsidiary positions 1 to 4, 6 to 9, and 11 to 13, more or less of a resistance E is placed in parallel with the dynamo field coil b between the contacts d,f by means of the stepped contacts n, p, r. The circuit is broken at the contact f when the set Y is in the line 0, and the circuits of the armatures a', a<2> are reversed for backward running by moving the commutator D into the position shown in dotted lines. The dynamo is thrown out of action and the motors are driven in series as generators to act as brakes when the set Y is in any of the lines I to VII. The current then generated is neutralized by the resistance E, the amount of resistance in circuit being dependent on the position of the contacts 8, 9, 10, &c. on the stepped contact t. Accumulators F, used mainly for lighting the lamps J, are connected to one pole of the dynamo armature a through the contacts 16, d, and 17, and to the other through a switch H and resistance G. The accumulators may be charged while the vehicle is either running or stopped, and may be charged and discharged simultaneously or separately by suitably placing the arm of the switch H on its contacts. The dynamo circuit iscompleted through a shunt coil K when the vehicle is at rest. To start the driving- engine and the dynamo after they have been stopped, the contacts of the set Y are placed in the line X, so that the accumulators F and dynamo are in series ; the dynamo is then driven as a motor. To prevent sparking when the controller is moved to change the connections, the locking-device of the controller and the brake pedal are both connected to a switch c which is depressed when either of these pieces is moved. The upper lever 46 of the switch c, on depression, first shortcircuits the dynamo through the coil K, and then breaks this circuit while the dynamo is de-energized.