baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-567525-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the manufacture of adipic acid
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1943-04-27
Abstract: <PICT:0567525/IV/1> A process for the manufacture of adipic acid which comprises continuously introducing cyclohexanol and a nitric acid solution into a reaction vessel, the rate of introduction of these reagents being adjusted so that the concentration of the nitric acid solution in the reaction vessel is maintained at 40-60 per cent by weight based on the nitric acid and water present, the temperature in the reaction vessel being maintained between 50 and 90 DEG  C. and an oxidation catalyst being present, and continuously removing the reaction mixture from the reaction vessel and isolating the adipic acid therefrom by cooling and filtering.  Any of the commonly used oxidation catalysts may be employed, such as one or more polyvalent metals, the oxides or salts thereof, for example, a vanadium compound such as ammonium vanadate and vanadium pentoxide.  After isolating the adipic acid, the nitric acid filtrate may be fortified, for example, by concentration in a still, by addition of stronger nitric acid or by passage thereinto of oxides of nitrogen, until with additional catalyst it is suitable for re-use.  In a process using the apparatus shown in the Figure, cyclohexanol containing 1.5 per cent water is passed at a rate of 12 lbs. an hour from a storage vessel A via a p  flowmeter B into a primary reaction vessel F of capacity 5 gallons and having stirring and cooling means.  From storage vessel C a 60 per cent nitric acid solution containing 0.1 per cent ammonium vanadate passes via a flowmeter D and a packed tower E, also to reaction vessel F at a feed rate of 132 lbs. per hour.  The reaction vessel is maintained at a temperature of 60-63 DEG  C.  The quantity of nitric acid solution entering the reaction vessel is thus 11 times that of the cyclohexanol and the total quantity passed in 30 mins. approximately equals the reaction vessel capacity.  The tower E serves as a scrubber to remove nitrous fumes and cyclohexanol and cyclohexyl nitrite vapours arising from the reaction vessel.  A run-off, vented at the top to prevent air locking takes the reaction mixture from a point near the bottom of vessel F to a secondary reaction vessel G from which a similar run-off pipe passes the reaction mixture to the cooling vessels H. The material from the cooling vessels is filtered whilst the nitric acid filtrate is fortified and returned to storage vessel C.  Any nitrous vapours evolved are passed to absorption towers and recovered.  Examples of the process of the invention are given and also experiments are described of continuous processes in which the nitric acid concentration is maintained below 24 per cent.  Specifications 265,959, [Class 2 (iii)], and 533,066 are referred to.
Patent GB-1041591-A (GB)
Title: Process for manufacturing tetrafluoroethylene
IPC: C07C17/269
Filed: 1963-02-19
Abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene is prepared by introducing 70 to 90 mole per cent of superheated steam (based on the total amount of feed materials) into preheated chlorodifluoromethane, passing the gases into a zone where complete mixing of the two gases and pyrolysis of the chlorodifluoromethane is effected, the reaction gases being subjected to adiabatic expansion during and/or after pyrolysis, and subsequently cooling the reaction gases. Preferably the steam is preheated to 800-1200 DEG  C., the chlorodifluoromethane preheated to 400 to 500 DEG  C., the pyrolysis effected at 700 to 850 DEG  C. and the reaction gases cooled by ejection of water or steam directly into the product stream. A suitable apparatus for effecting the reaction is that described and claimed in Specification 1,041,592.
Patent GB-509349-A (GB)
Title: A process for manufacturing anti-knock motor fuels
IPC: B24B41/00
Filed: 1938-03-03
Abstract: 509,349. Motor spirit. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP DE BATAAFSCHE PETROLEUM MAATSCHAPPIJ. March 3, 1938, No. 6744. Convention date, June 15, 1937. Samples furnished. [Class 91] Motor fuels are improved in anti-knock value by adding a small proportion of a copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, or other metal compound of the type R<1> - C# - C# = C# - NHR<11> (or its enol # | | O H form) R<1> being H or an organic radicle, R<11> an alkyl or aryl group which may be substituted, and the free bond of the middle C is linked to H, an organic radicle. or to the radicle R<1> to form cyclic compounds of the type Mixtures of these compounds may be used, and other substances, anti-knock or not, may be added. Metal compounds specified are the cupric compounds of methyl-, ethyl-, or allylamino-methylene acetone, of. allylaminomethylene pinacoline, of methyl aminomethylene pentanone-2, of allyl aminomethylene methyl neopentyl ketone, and the cobalt, nickel, and ferric compounds of allyl amino-methylene acetone. Suitable proportions are such as add 0.03-0.1 per cent. of copper to the fuel. Other additions specified are aniline, basic phenolates, mercaptides and their derivatives, and the basic alcoholate of the cupric compound of methyl aminomethylene pinacoline The samples furnished under Sect. 2 (5) were prepared by adding to gasoline:- (1) 0.04 per cent. of cobalt as the cobalt compound of ethyl amino-methylene acetone. (2) 0.1 per cent. of copper as the cupric compound of ethyl amino-methylene acetaldehyde. (3) 0.03 per cent. of copper as a 30-70 mixture of the cupric compounds of methyl- and. ethylamino-methylene acetones (4) 0.1 per cent. of copper as a 70-30 mixture of the cupric compounds of ethyl amino-methylene acetone and oxymethylene methyl propyl ketone. (5) 0.1 per cent. of copper as the cupric compound of ethyl amino-methylene acetone mixed with 4 times its weight of aniline. Specification 370,287 is referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 describes also a sample prepared by adding the cupric compound of ethyl amino methylene acetone to a mixture of 90 per cent. iso-octane and 10 per cent. of normal heptane. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1451522-A (GB)
Title: Signal transmission systems
IPC: H04B3/44
Filed: 1974-02-14
Abstract: 1451522 Repeaters; transistor amplifying circuits SIEMENS AG 14 Feb 1974 [15 Feb 1973] 6747/74 Headings H4R and H3T In a transmission system for the distribution of a number of signals using symmetrical twowire lines with repeaters, two two-wire lines of the same transmission direction form a phantom circuit for the supply of power to the repeaters, and the power feed circuits and repeater amplifiers in one line use transistors of the opposite conductivity type to the respective transistors in the power feed circuits and repeater amplifiers in the other line, the circuits otherwise being substantially identical. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which power is fed to the repeater 11, 12, 13 and 21, 22, 23, of the two lines from the sending end using a power feed circuit 2, shown in Fig. 5, the current being fed to the lines feeding repeater 11 via current stabilizers T7 and T8, and being returned from the lines feeding repeater 21 via the circuit including transistors T11, T12. The feed circuit enables the lines to be balanced to earth, maintains the D.C. constant and provides a high impedance to A.C. on the lines while providing a low D.C. volt drop in the feed circuits. At the remote end of the lines they are commoned for D.C. via the circuit 3 shown in detail in Fig. 6. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 2 (not shown), the D.C. feed is provided at the remote terminal using the same current stabilizer arrangement but a current return circuit Stz, Fig. 6, and a sending end looping arrangement Stv, Fig. 6. Also described are systems using locally powered repeaters at the remote terminal, Fig. 3 (not shown), and Fig. 4 (not shown). A repeater amplifier circuit is described, Fig. 9, having balanced amplifying stages with output terminals L3, L4 and overall feedback both direct via R11 and R12, and cross coupled via R7 and R8 from the emitters of T5, T6 to the bases of T1 and T2, to provide improved symmetry.
Patent GB-1101865-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of porous metal articles
Inventor: FOERSTER GEORGE STEPHEN
IPC: B22F3/11
Filed: 1965-02-17
Abstract: A porous sintered Al alloy body containing at least 57.6% weight Al is made from particles of the alloy free from an oxide film thicker than 700 A by liquid phase sintering the particles in a mould under conditions to form 15-70% weight of a liquid phase. The Al alloy is formed by atomizing a melt in a dry non oxidizing atmosphere e.g. natural gas, argon or air containing < 0.3% volume H2O or a vacuum, or by machining the solidified alloy.  The powder is preferably stored under dry conditions e.g. in N2, He or A.  The sintering mould is made of a material which does not give off an oxidizing gas during sintering e.g. glass; steel coated with ceramic or porcelain enamel; ceramic; pyrolytic graphite.  The sintering atmosphere contains < 0.3% volume H2O and is preferably natural gas, He, A, H2, N2, CH4, C2H5 or mixtures of these or a vacuum.  Sintering may be effected in a sealed mould flushed with the required gas or a positive gas pressure is maintained in the mould.  If an oxidizing gas is present during sintering the mould size is selected so that there is < 40% volume of free headspace above the charge.  Alternatively a getter such as Mg may be used during the sintering.  Prior to placing in the sintering mould the powder may be compacted to a density of at least 2.16g./cc. at a temperature below 260 DEG C.  The Al alloys given contain any of the following: Cu, Mg, Si, Be, B, Fe, Mn, Zr, Li.
Patent GB-1132874-A (GB)
Title: Steam-cooled fuel element for nuclear reactors
IPC: G21C3/20
Filed: 1966-02-16
Abstract: 1,132,874. Fuel elements. LICENTIA PATENT - VERWALTUNGS - G.m.b.H. 16 Feb., 1966 [17 Feb., 1965], No. 6795/66. Heading G6C. A steam-cooled fuel element comprises ceramic fuel within a casing consisting of a metal or alloy with a low ratio of neutron absorption to mechanical strength at operating temperatures and coated on the side facing the steam with a thin coating of an Fe-Cr alloy of high Ni content which is sufficiently resistant to corrosion at operating temperatures. As shown, a tubular fuel element is surrounded on the outside by boiling water 2, the saturated steam 3 from which enters the fuel element from below and is discharged at the upper end 4 as superheated steam. The fuel 1, e.g. UO 2 , is surrounded by a tube 5 of a Zr alloy and is separated from the superheated steam by a tube 7 also of a Zr alloy which is lined with a thin coating 8 of an Fe-Cr alloy of high Nu content, which coating serves to protect the tube 7 from corrosion. The ends of the fuel element are closed by annular plugs 9 and the coating 8 is welded to the tube 7 at the ends of the element in order to prevent steam from penetrating between the tube 7 and its coating 8. In order to prevent the welding seam 11 and the adjacent Zr alloy from being attacked by the hot steam a thermal protection cap 10 is fitted over at least the upper end of the fuel element.
Patent GB-1034510-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in discharge-lamp circuits
Inventor: CHAPMAN DONALD FREDERICK
IPC: H05B41/232
Filed: 1965-02-17
Abstract: 1,034,510. Discharge lamp circuits. BRITISH LIGHTING INDUSTRIES Ltd. Feb. 17, 1965, No. 6887/65. Heading H2H. In a discharge lamp circuit having a ballast inductor 15, a series resonant circuit 17, 18 tuned to the fifth harmonic of the mains frequency is connected across at least part of the inductor. A capacitor 19 may be connected in series with the lamp 13 or the inductor 15. Where a leakage transformer is used, the resonant circuit may be connected across at least part of the secondary winding. A number of lamps 13 may be arranged in series.
Patent GB-212736-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to cultivator attachments for ploughs
IPC: A01B21/06
Filed: 1923-03-10
Abstract: 212,736. Birdsall, T. R. March 10,1923. Rotory-tool implements.-An adjustable cultivating or harrowing attachment for ploughs comprises a disc provided with teeth on its underside and adapted to be rotated about an approximately vertical axis by contact with the soil, the edges of the disc being upturned. Pointed teeth 2 fit into square holes arranged in two circles in the disc and are secured by nuts on threaded shanks. The disc is provided with a central bush 12 and a grease box 13. A countersunk bolt 5 passes through the bush 12 and through eyes in two bars 1, 6. The bar 1 is hooked at the end and connected by a chain to the head of the plough. The bar 6 is adjustably connected to an upright 8 which is adjustably supported by a pin 9 and by eye-bolts 10 clamped on the beam 4 of the plough. The bar 6 is connected to the reduced upper end of the upright 8 by a chain 7.
Patent GB-1432306-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of chloropyrimidines
IPC: C07D239/30
Filed: 1974-02-15
Abstract: 1432306 Chloropyrimidines from N-(2-cyanoethyl) formamides BAYER AG 15 Feb 1974 [17 Feb 1973] 6935/74 Heading C2C Chloropyrimidines are prepared by treating an N - (2 - cyanoethyl) - formamide of general formula in which R is a radical which can be split off under the reaction conditions, with an acid chloride and excess chlorine at 0-100 C. or is first treated with an acid chloride at 0-100 C. and subsequently reacted with excess chlorine at 0-250 C. The reaction is preferably performed in a diluent inert under the reaction conditions, e.g. chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons. The acid chloride may be phosgene, PCl 5  or a mixture of PCl 3  and Cl 2  and is preferably used in an amount of at least 1 mole per mole of the formamide, especially 1-2 moles/ mole. The compound (I) and the acid chloride are preferably reacted at 10-40 C. and treatment with excess chlorine also at 10-40 C. At least 4 moles of chlorine per mole of compound (I) are preferably used. The reaction may also be effected whilst irradiating with U.V. light. Amongst the examples N-methyl-, N-ethyl- and N-butyl-N-(2-cyanoethyl) formamides are converted to 4,5,6-trichloropyrimidine and tetrachloropyrimidine. N-methyl-, N-ethyl- and N-butyl-N-(2-cyanoethyl) formamides are prepared by treating the appropriate 3-alkylamino-propionitrile with formic acid at 35-50 C. with cooling.
Patent GB-307212-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to drill-pipes for well boring
IPC: E21B17/10
Filed: 1928-03-06
Abstract: 307,212. Cuthill, J., and Oil Well Engineering Co., Ltd. March 6, 1928. Borehole apparatus. -In drill pipes for well boring, of the kind made in sections coupled together by rotary tool joints each comprising a pair of members on the opposed ends of two sections of pipe, the members having a tapered screwed box and a tapered screwed pin whereby they may be connected together, some or all of the joints of the drill pipe are provided with an additional coupling member arranged between the members of the joint and provided with a loose wearing ring of larger diameter than the members. In Fig. 2, the additional coupling member 7 has a recess 11 receiving a split anti-friction ring 12 recessed to receive the loose wearing ring 13 which is initially in two parts, the meeting ends being welded after assembly. In a. modification, the recess in the ring 12 is omitted, the ends of the ring 13 bearing against the part 7. In Fig. 5, the wearing ring 13 is integral and is slid into position on the member 7; opposed V-shaped grooves 19, 20 are provided in the parts 7, 13, to receive balls or rollers inserted through holes 22 in the part 13, the holes being then closed by screwed plugs 23 which are finally riveted over and filed down. In a further form, a solid ring is slid on the member 7 against a collar thereon and is held thereon by welding a loose collar to the part 7.
Patent GB-1365858-A (GB)
Title: Manufacturing monocrystalline articles
IPC: C30B11/14
Filed: 1973-02-13
Abstract: 1365858 Monocrystalline articles D A PETROV and A T TUMANOV 13 Feb 1973 7062/73 Heading BIS Monocrystalline articles e.g. turbine blades or magnets, are made in a mould shaped to the article and integrally joined to a bottom cavity which enlarges downwardly in the form of a truncated cone and has a horizontally extending wedge-shaped region adjacent its base defining the base of the mould by pouring molten metal into the mould, chilling the base of the mould to create at the narrow end of the wedge-shaped region abrupt supercooling of the melt wherein a single crystal is formed which rapidly propagates over the entire contours of the base and then gradually cooling the remainder of the mould from the bottom upwards to form a single crystal article. A seed crystal of chosen orientation may be present at the point wherein the single crystal forms. If desired two or more moulds may be connected at the narrow ends of the wedgeshaped regions to form a mould unit (see Figures 14 to 16 not shown) and if desired the point of connection is located over the central portion of the cooling device. A core may be placed in the mould, prior to pouring in the molten metal and removed after completion of crystallization. As shown in Figure 1, the mould 1, enclosed by heating element 2 mounted on power supply leads 3, has a main cavity A following the shape of the article to be produced and a truncated cavity B adjacent to the bottom of the main cavity. Chiller 4 is arranged under the mould and comprises a flat horizontal plate chilled with water fed through a tube extending along a passage in rod 8. Mould 1, element 2 and chiller 4 are arranged in a vacuum chamber 5 having water-cooler walls. A vertical rod 6 attached to 5 is movable vertically and also carries an internal passage which can be water-cooled. The lower end of 6 carries a support member 7 to which mould 1 may be fixed. Extending through the bottom of chamber 5 is a vertically movable rod 8 which supports and brings the chiller 4, into contact with the base of the mould. In operation the mould is suspended from support member 7 by adaptor 9.
Patent GB-932807-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to shock absorbers
Inventor: CHECKLEY PETER EDWARD
IPC: B61G11/12
Filed: 1959-03-02
Abstract: 932,807. Railway vehicle buffers; hydro-pneumatic springs. DOWTY HYDRAULIC UNITS Ltd. Feb. 22, 1960 [March 2, 1959; Sept. 21, 1959; Jan. 25, 1960], Nos. 7091/59, 31996/59 and 2574/60. Classes 103(5) and 108(3). A hydraulic and pneumatic shock absorber is particularly described for its application to railway vehicle buffers and comprises a piston and cylinder enclosing a variable volume pressure chamber, discharge orifice means leading from the pressure chamber to a receiving chamber, and a filling in each chamber of hydraulic fluid and compressed gas in direct contact with one another. In Fig. 1 the pressure chamber 19 communicates via orifices 21, 22, and 25 with the two part receiving chamber 23, and both chambers are filled with fluid to a level A-B. The chambers are charged with compressed air or nitrogen via a valve 27. After a buffing load has been applied and the buffer has been compressed, the compressed gas and liquid in the chamber 19 acts against a greater area of the face of the stationary piston than the gas and liquid in the chamber 23 so that a recoil force is applied to the buffer plunger. In the embodiment of Fig. 2 the plunger forms the piston and the pressure and receiving chambers which are filled with fluid to a level 133 are constituted by spaces 125 and 124 respectively. The spaces 124, 125 are charged with gas through a valve 134 and the space 138 is completely filled with a higher pressure gas through a valve 139 mounted in a floating piston 136. In operation the recoil action is provided as before by a differential force acting on the piston, but the recoil is assisted by the expansion of the compressed gas in the chamber 138, this gas having been further compressed by relative movement of the piston 136 caused by passage of the fluid from the pressure chamber 125 into the chamber 128. The metering pin in both embodiments has an enlarged cylindrical head which substantially closes the opening in the piston during the initial part of the compression stroke to give a progressive rising load curve as the gas in the pressure chamber is compressed.
Patent GB-1398508-A (GB)
Title: Substituted amino-imidazoquinolines their preparation and compositions containing them
IPC: C07D235/06
Filed: 1974-02-15
Abstract: 1398508 Imidazo[4,5-f]quinolinederived amines MORTON-NORWICH PRODUCTS Inc 15 Feb 1974 [6 June 1973] 7112/74 Heading C2C The invention comprises compounds of formula wherein X is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl or hydroxy ; Z is methyl, ethyl, hydrogen or phenyl ; W is 2 - piperidino - 5 - pyridylamino, [6 - (4- methyl - 1 - piperazinyl) - 3 - pyridyl]amino, (4 - methoxybenzyl)amino, 2 - methoxy - 5- pyridyl amino, # - naphthylamino, cyclohexylamino, α - naphthylamino, anilino or wherein R is 4-methyl, 2-chloro-5-methyl, 4- butyl, 3 - chloro - 4 - methyl, 4 - sec. butyl, 3 - trifluoromethyl, 3 - trifluoromethyl - 4- chloro, 2 - phenyl, 4 - phenyl, 2 - methyl - 3- chloro, 4 - isopropyl, 3,4 - dichloro, 4 - bromo, 4 - iodo, 4 - dimethylamino, 4 - diethylamino, 3 - chloro - 4 - dimethylamino, 4 - piperidino, 4 - (4 - methylpiperazinyl), 3 - dimethylamino, 3 - chloro - 4 - piperidino, 3 - chloro - 4 - (4- methylpiperazinyl), 3 - chloro - 4 - (4 - benzylpiperazinyl), 4 - methoxy, 4 - ethoxy, 2 - methoxy, 3 - chloro - 4 - ethoxy, 4 - butoxy, 3- methoxy, 4 - phenoxy, 4 - methylthio, 4 - benzyloxy, 2 - methylthio, 3 - methylthio, 3,4- dimethoxy, 3,4 - diethoxy, 3,4 - diisopropoxy, 3,4 - diisobutoxy, 3,4 - dibutoxy, 3,4 - di sec.- amyloxy, 2,5-diethoxy, 2,5-dimethoxy, 2,5- dimethoxy - 4 - chloro, 2 - ethoxy - 5 - methoxy, 2 - methoxy - 5 - ethoxy, 2,5 - diethoxy- 4 - chloro, 2,4 - dimethoxy - 5 - chloro, 3,4,5- trimethoxy, 2,4,5 - triethoxy, 4 - acetyl, 3- acetyl, 4 - propionyl, 4 - butyryl, 2 - methyl 4 - chloro, 3 - nitro - 4 - methyl, 3 - chloro- 4 - ethyl, 3 - chloro - 4 - butyl, 3 - chloro - 4- fluoro, 3 - chloro - 4 - pyrrolidino, 4 - phenylazo, 2 - methoxy - 4 - chloro, 3,4 - methylenedioxy, 3,4 - diamyloxy, 3,4 - diisoamyloxy, 4 - chloro - 2,5 - dibutoxy, or 4 - (2 - diethylamino)ethoxy, and acid addition salts thereof. These compounds are prepared by reacting a precursor of the above formula in which W is C1 with a primary amine H-W, the latter being derived by reducing a corresponding nitrocompound, and the former by the action of POCl 3  on the analogous 9-hydroxy compound. Starting materials and intermediates otherwise prepared are 2<SP>1</SP>,4<SP>1</SP>-diaminobenzanilide; 5- amino-2-X-benzimidazoles, possibly N-substituted by EtO 2 CCH : CZ- or (when X is H) by (EtO 2 C) 2 C : CH-; 5-nitro-benzimidazolinone; o-C 6 H 4 (OCHMePr) 2 ; 2- and 3-nitro-4-methoxyphenols and the acetate of the latter; and 9- hydroxy - 1H - imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline- 8- carboxylic acid and its ethyl ester. Therapeutic compositions having anthelmintic activity comprise compounds of the above formula and an inert physiologically acceptable carrier.