Patent GB-711487-A (GB)
Title: Process for continuous purification of petroleum oils by treatment with adsorbents
IPC: B01D15/02
Filed: 1951-04-06
Abstract: 711,487. Refining petroleum oils. SOCONYVACUUM OIL CO., Inc. April 6, 1951 [Aug. 3, 1950], No. 8085/51. Drawings to Specification. Class 91 Petroleum lubricating oils and lighter petroleum fractions are purified by contact with solid adsorbent particles in a continuous countercurrent treatment wherein adsorbent flows downwardly through a column and the oil feed flows upwardly through the column, the spent adsorbent leaving the column being freed of adhering oil, at least a substantial proportion of this oil being recycled to the column, and the oil-free spent adsorbent being passed through a confined regeneration zone and then recycled to the column. The temperature of the oil and adsorbent entering the column is controlled so that the viscosity Z (in centipoises) of the oil passing through the column is maintained below a maximum defined by the relationship:- where D is the average adsorbent particle diameter in inches, U is the superficial velocity of the oil in the column measured in feet per hour, Sa is the apparent density of the adsorbent in grams per cubic centimeter, F is the fraction of voids between the adsorbent particles determined with the particles in the same unpacked condition as they are during the determination of Sa. ST is the true density of the adsorbent particles in grams per cubic centimeter., and S L  is the oil density within the column in grams per cubic centimeter, D and S T  being measured at a temperature of 60-70‹ F. and Z, S a  and S L  being measured at the temperature prevailing in the column. Purposes for which the oil may be subjected to the treatment are decolorization, neutralization, removal of suspended, colloidal or dissolved impurities such as carbon or coke, oxygen- or nitrogen-containing impurities and other gum-forming compounds, and improvement of the demulsibility properties of the oil. Solid adsorbents mentioned are fuller's earth, bauxite, bentonite, bonechar, charcoal, magnesium silicate, heat- or acid-activated kaolin, activated carbon, silica gel. alumina-gel and silica-alumina gel. The particles of solid adsorbent may take the form of pellets, capsules, pills, spheres or like shaped pieces, or granules of irregular shape such as are obtained from grinding and screening, but the particles must have substantial size. The viscosity Z of the oil may be controlled by adjustment of temperature in the column or by dilution, for example with a non-polar solvent such as a paraffinic naphtha or carbon tetrachloride. In order to free the spent adsorbent from adhering oil. the spent adsorbent may be subjected as a gravitating column to countercurrent contacting with a wash solvent such as naphtha, n-heptane, n-ootane, carbon tetrachloride or carbon disulphide, free of entrained water. The washed adsorbent may be heated and purged with a gas or vapour such as flue gas, nitrogen or superheated steam, free of condensed steam, to remove occluded wash solvent. The adsorbent may then be subjected to a burning .regeneration. Apparatus is described for carrying out these various steps. Examples are given of the decolorization of solvent-treated bright stock using fuller's earth as the adsorbent, and of the neutralization and decolorization of sulphuric acid treated petroleum lubricating oil distillate, using fuller's earth or bauxite as the adsorbent.