Patent GB-701785-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the synchronising of generated pulses or oscillations
Inventor: KEEN ARTHUR WILLIAM
IPC: H04N5/12
Filed: 1950-04-25
Abstract: 701,785. Television. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. April 13, 1951 [April 25, 1950], No. 10109/50. Class 40 (3). '[Also in Groups XXXV and XXXVI] A pulse generator such as is used in a television receiver is synchronized with incoming synchronizing pulses by arranging the pulse generator to produce leading and lagging pulses in addition to the main pulses, and by comparing the timing of these auxiliary pulses relative to the incoming synchronizing pulses ; the output voltage of the comparer being used to control the periodicity of the pulse generator in such manner that the leading and lagging pulses are symmetrically placed on either side of the synchronizing pulses. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the pulse generator is a multivibrator 9, 10 which has one of its anodes connected to a delay network 16' from which are derived a main pulse at 17, a leading pulse at 16 and a lagging pulse at 18. The pulses from 16 and 18 are transferred through diodes 24, 20 to the grids of a pair of valves 22, 26, the common cathode lead of which includes a valve 27 whose grid is excited by the incoming synchronizing pulse. If the latter is not centrally placed relatively to the leading and lagging pulses, the pulses at the anodes of the valves 22, 26 will be of unequal magnitude, and will give unequal output voltages across the load resistances 41, 42 of the diode rectifiers 40, 37. These pulse outputs are fed to the respective grids of a cathode-coupled valve pair 46, 48, causing the anode voltage of the valve 46 to rise or fall according as the synchronizing pulse overlaps the leading or the lagging pulse. The anode voltage of the valve 46 is integrated by network 59 and is applied to the grids of the multivibrator 9, 10 to adjust its periodicity and thereby to bring the main pulse generator at 17 into synchronism with the synchronizing pulse. In a modified circuit, Fig. 4, the pulses are generated by a delay line 68 in the cathode circuit of a blocking oscillator valve 62, and the leading and lagging pulses are respectively applied to the grids of a cathode-coupler valve pair 70, 71. At the respective anodes of the valves pulse pairs of opposite polarity are produced, a negative pulse preceding a positive pulse at the anode of valve 70, the order being reversed at the valve 71. The synchronizing pulses are applied to the cathode of a valve 78, and are taken off from its anode across a delay line 79 by which all pulses passing on to the parallel-connected amplifiers 81, 82 are rendered equal in duration. The amplified synchronizing pulses are superposed on the pulse pairs from the valve 70, 71 in a pair of rectifiers 73, 74 with load resistors 84, 85. The voltages across these resistors are amplified in the cathode-coupled valves 86, 87 and the anode voltage of the valve 86 rises or falls according as the voltage on one or other of the resistors 84, 85 predominates. The anode voltage of valve 86 is integrated by a network 93 and is applied as bias to the control grid of the blocking oscillator 62 to adjust its periodicity until the leading and lagging pulses symmetrically straddle the synchronizing pulse. If desired, one of the valves 70, 71, and one of the rectifiers 73, 74 may be omitted, and one of the valves 86, 87 may be employed as the blocking oscillator. As the delayed pulses occur when the received television signal is at black level they may be used to operate a gating device whereby the corresponding parts of the signal are fed to a black level clamping circuit, such as described in Specification 449,242. The variable resistor 52 in the multivibrator 9, 10, Fig. 3. may be used for obtaining variations of interlace, as described in Specification 701,783.