baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-374899-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to vacuum gauges
IPC: G01L21/00
Filed: 1931-03-17
Abstract: 374,899. Valve amplifying circuits. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London, DAVIES, L. J., .147, Murray Road, and KNIGHT, H. DE B., 39, Park Road, both in Rugby. March 17, 1931, No. 8238. [Class 40 (v).] An electric discharge tube 6 having an anode 7, cathode 8, and central electrode 9 is connected up in a bridge with a transformer 10 the primary of which is connected to a source of supply, and when contacts 20 are made by means of the current passing through the meter of a Wheatstone's bridge, a large current passes through a coil 21 controlling for instance an oil switch. The secondary winding 12 of the transformer is connected to the anode 7 through the coil 21. The cathode 8 is connected to a tapping or tappings 14 on the winding 12, the windings for heating the cathode, if necessary, not being shown. Current can only pass from anode to cathode when the potential of the electrode 9 is of the correct phase and magnitude relatively to the potentials of the other electrodes. The electrode 9 is connected through a resistance 16 to the junction between a resistance 17 and a capacity 18 in series across portions 13, 14, 15 of the winding 12 so that the point 14 lies between points 13, 15. The values of the resistance 17 and capacity 18 determine the phase of the potential applied to the anode 9. A second resistance 19 is connected in parallel with the resistance 17 through the contacts 20. When these are closed, the resistance of the combination 17, 19 is less than when the contacts are open and hence the potential of the electrode 9 with respect to electrode 8 is more nearly in phase with electrode 7 and the more current can pass through the device 6. This may be zero when the contacts are open and rise to several amperes when contacts are closed. Two modified circuits are shown by which variation of the potential of the electrode is secured.
Patent GB-839066-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heterogeneous catalytic processes
Inventor: ALEXANDRE MARCEL
IPC: C10G49/26
Filed: 1958-03-14
Abstract: <PICT:0839066/III/1> In processes wherein a liquid reagent is continuously treated in a reactor with a gaseous reagent in the presence of a fixed bed of solid catalyst the liquid is driven through the reactor under pressure and this pressure, and consequently the linear velocity of flow of liquid reagent in the reactor, is periodically and alternately increased and decreased by a superimposed force. The liquid and gas may flow in co- or counter-current and the gas may be recycled.  The linear velocity and the amplitude of the periodic variation therein may be such as to result in a displacement of 1 to 15 cm. in the reactor whilst the frequency may be 100 to 400 cycles/min.  The periodic variation in pressure may be effected by the movement of a piston in a cylinder, the movement of a flexible diaphragm or bellows, or by deformation of a membrane.  A reactor R contains fixed beds of catalyst L enclosed between grids G.  Liquid reagent is supplied via pump B, heat-exchanger E and oven F, the pressure variations being effected by pulsator P.  Gaseous reagent is supplied via compressor C, reservoir S, pressure regulator T and diffuser D. Recycle gas may be supplied by compressor J.  The process may be applied in liquid phase oxidation; hydrogenation, e.g. of ketones, acids, esters, oils, fats and hydrocarbons; hydrocracking; isotope exchange; amination; and, especially hydrofining.  Hydrocarbons which may be treated with hydrogen are crudes, distillates and residues, e.g. straight or cracked gas oils, catalytic cracking charges, virgin and used lubricating oils and atmospheric and vacuum distillation residues. Suitable treating conditions are 400 to over 1000 litres NTP H2/litre; 250 DEG  to 500 DEG  C.; and 5 to 750 kg./sq. cm., using such catalysts as Group VI and VIII metal oxides and sulphides, singly or mixed, with or without promoters, alone or on supports, e.g. alumina, silica gel or magnesium oxide.  Cobalt molybdate, chromium oxide and nickel tungsten sulphide are preferred. Examples describe the application of the process to the hydrodesulphurization of a 300-400 DEG  C. straight gas oil, a crude petroleum, and a heavy petroleum fraction.
Patent GB-880059-A (GB)
Title: Fabrication of thermoplastic resins
IPC: B29C48/05
Filed: 1960-03-09
Abstract: An extrusion process comprises heating a thermoplastic resin to an extrudable temperature and extruding it through a die orifice maintained at a higher temperature so that there is substantial decomposition of the surface of the resin passing through the orifice whereas the bulk of the resin is at the extrusion temperature.  The process produces a fine surface on the extrusion at extrusion rates where surface fracture normally occurs, allowing higher production. Numerous resins are listed together with extrusion rates, temperatures and die temperatures which may be from 20 DEG C to 1000 DEG C higher than the decomposition temperature of the resin.  A method of determining the rate of decomposition is disclosed and the die temperature may be such that the surface decomposition rate is at least 32% per hour and preferably 47% per hour.  Sheets, tubes, rods and cable coverings may be extruded from solid or cellular resins and a process of coating a cable with a solid inner and cellular outer layer, from one composition, is described.  The material may be injected into a mould or blown into hollow articles.  Specification 829,600, Belgian Specification 560,454 and U.S.A.  Specification 2,859,480 are referred to.
Patent GB-147251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in sparking plugs
IPC: H01T13/46
Filed: 1919-04-02
Abstract: 147,251. Fisher, S., and Priddey, W. April 2, 1919. Sparking-plugs. - The insulator c in retained within the casing by a cap k engaged with the casing by a square thread h or other suitable joint, and having a flange which presses lugs e on a ring d against the insulator. Slots are formed in the flange on the cap k so that by a partial rotation of the cap, the slots and lugs e may be brought into register and the inner portions of the plug removed. A stop may be formed on the casing to prevent excessive rotation of the cap. The earthed terminals b are carried by a sleeve having a flange clamped between the insulator casing and secured to the insulator by rib and groove, or bayonetlug and slot arrangement. The central electrode is square in cross-section.
Patent GB-613420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to brake applying mechanism
IPC: F16D49/00
Filed: 1945-04-04
Abstract: 613,420. Fluid - pressure operated brakes. CLARK EQUIPMENT CO. April 4, 1945. No. 8318. Convention date, Nov. 13, 1943, [Class 103 (i)] A brake mechanism applicable to railway vehicles is applied by a piston 16 subjected on one side to the liquid pressure exerted by a rotary pump 23 disposed below the liquid level in a sump 22 and whose speed and thus outlet pressure is controlled by varying the speed of its driving motor, a D.C. electric motor 25, by means of a rheostat 32, 40. Thus the pressure transmitted to brake 6 is controlled by the rheostat 32, 40. When the motor and pump are stopped the liquid returns to the sump, so releasing the brake, through a needle valve 42 and also through passages 46, 47 and a valve 44 closed during operation of the pump by a solenoid 28 connected in series with the motor 25. The valve 44 has a face 45 subjected to the pressure of the liquid so that it also serves as a safety valve. A brake releasing spring 14 and a leakage-returning passage 48 are provided.
Patent GB-1459722-A (GB)
Title: Method for making coloured photostencils
IPC: G03F1/00
Filed: 1975-02-28
Abstract: 1459722 Coloured photostencils J S BOKOV V N GURZHEEV V I ZAKHAROV V S KORSAKOV V P LAVRISCHEV R F GADENKO R D IVANOV P E KANDYBA and D P KOLESHIKOV 28 Feb 1975 8403/75 Heading C1M Coloured photostencils are made by: (a) diffusing staining metal ions into a surface layer 8 of a glass substrate 1; (b) masking areas which are not to be coloured with a protective layer 9 (e.g. of photoresist material) ; (c) subjecting the masked substrate to the action of a gas mixture consisting of activated particles, the gas mixture consisting of 90-98% by volume H 2  and 2- 10% by volume of one of Kr, Xe and Ar, in an electric field (12), to reduce the staining metal ions to the atomic state in the unmasked areas 11; and (d) removing the protective layer. The ion introduction (a) is preferably carried out using a molten salt of a staining metal (e.g. Cu, V, Cr or Cd) at 600-700‹ C.
Patent GB-124628-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Mouthpieces for Feeding Bottles.
Inventor: GRAHAM-YOOLL FREDERICK RICHARD
IPC: A61J11/00
Filed: 1918-05-21
Abstract: 124,628. Yool, F. R. Graham-. May 21, 1918. Feeding - bottles, teats for. - Relates to mouthpieces or teats for feeding-bottles and of the kind having internal food passages' adapted to be opened up to permit of cleaning, as described in Specifications 112,044 and 117,966. The teat comprises a pair of side members 1 consisting of two flat strips of rubber or the like connected together at one side or at one or both ends and capable of being held in close engagement with the stopper or cap 4 through which the strips project. The engaging faces of the strips are formed with one or more longitudinal grooves 2 to serve as milk passages, and the inner ends of the strips are preferably made with enlarged portions 3 to prevent withdrawal of the teat. Cross-grooves may be provided in the portions 3 to communicate with the passages 2. Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a teat formed by folding a flat strip 1, Fig. 4, so as to form two side parts connected together at the base. Fig. 6 shows a modification in which the teat consists of two side parts connected together along a portion of the side edge 11. The strips may have grooves on both sides so that either side may be turned inwards to form the milk passages, and both ends of each strip may have enlargements so that either end can project from the stopper. One or more grooves may be provided in the external surface of the teat, or in the side of the slot through the stopper, or in both, for the admission of air to the bottle, and for controlling the air the inner end of the teat may have a flange or flanges to lie closely against the flat inner end of the stopper. The stopper may consist of a rubber plug split down one side to allow of the introduction of the teat. According to the Provisional Specification, the teat may consist of two flat strips entirely separate from each other.
Patent GB-1028066-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the conversion of alkyl aluminium compounds
IPC: C07F5/06
Filed: 1965-02-26
Abstract: Olefins are obtained from alkyl aluminium compounds by displacement with olefins of different chain length from the alkyl groups by (a) preheating the olefin in molar excess of the alkyl groups sufficiently above the reaction temperature to provide enough heat to carry out the reaction adiabatically, (b) mixing with relatively cold alkyl aluminium under high intensity mixing conditions for one-hundredth to one-half the subsequent reaction period, (c) reacting adiabatically at 100-800 p.s.i. for a total mixing and reaction time of 0.1-5 seconds and (d) rapidly cooling to inhibit further reaction.  The aluminium compound may be trialkyl aluminium or dialkyl aluminium hydride.  The olefin is heated to 400-700 DEG F. and the alkyl aluminium may be warmed to not more than 250 DEG  F. to give a reaction temperature of 300-650 DEG  F.  The effluent is cooled by flashing to below 100 p.s.i. followed by adding a cold liquid and/or indirect cooling.  The cold liquid may be cold hydrocarbon, e.g. olefin feed in an amount of one-eighth to one-half the feed olefins or an aluminium alkoxide having sufficient alkoxide groups to provide at least one per aluminium atom in the resultant mixture.ALSO:The alkyl groups of alkyl aluminium compounds may be replaced by different alkyl groups by (a) preheating the olefin in molar excess of the alkyl groups sufficiently above the reaction temperature to provide enough heat to carry out the reaction adiabatically, (b) mixing with relatively cold alkyl aluminium under high intensity mixing conditions for one-hundredth to one-half the subsequent reaction period, (c) reacting adiabatically at 100-800 p.s.i. for a total mixing and reaction time of 0.1-5 seconds and (d) rapidly cooling to inhibit further reaction.  The aluminium compound may be trialkyl aluminium or dialkyl aluminium hydride.  The olefin is heated to 400-700 DEG  F. and the alkyl aluminium may be warmed to not more than 250 DEG  F. to give a reaction temperature of 300-650 DEG  F.  The effluent is cooled by flashing to below 100 p.s.i. followed by adding a cold liquid and/or indirect cooling. The cold liquid may be cold hydrocarbon, e.g. olefin feed in an amount of one-eighth to one-half the feed olefins or an aluminium alkoxide having sufficient alkoxide groups to provide at least one per aluminium atom in the resultant mixture.
Patent GB-1382170-A (GB)
Title: Panel and system for cladding buildings
IPC: E04C2/292
Filed: 1972-02-23
Abstract: 1382170 Cladding panel ALCAN RESE ARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd 16 Feb 1973 [23 Feb 1972] 8463/72 Headings E1B and E1W The panels in a cladding system comprise inner 1 and outer 2 aluminium skins in the form of trays with in-turned and out-turned flanges respectively. The flanges are spaced by longitudinally separated thermally insulating spacers 11 through which the trays are riveted together. The panels are filled with a light weight thermally insulating material such as rockwool. The panels can be clamped to the under frame members 12 of a building by brackets 16 which are inserted between the spacers 11 without bridging the gap. The space between adjacent panels is sealed by an extruded aluminium section 22 clamped into neoprene gaskets 25 by screws (20) and bars (19) Fig. 2 (not shown), which are also inserted between the. spacers 11. A layer of polyurethane foam 24 insulates the sealing- strips. In a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), the clamping bars (28) span the inner skins wool insulation in place. The bars are covered of adjacent panels and holds a layer of rockby a plastics strip (29).
Patent GB-1405589-A (GB)
Title: Elongate electrical conductor
IPC: H01B12/08
Filed: 1974-02-25
Abstract: 1405589 Super-conductor SIEMENS AG 25 Feb 1974 [1 March 1973] 8520/74 Headings H1A and A4D An elongate electrical conductor 12 or 13, comprises a covering 5 of super-conductive material, e.g. niobium or lead, on a set 4 of component elongate conductive parts 6, 7, 8 stranded together electrically insulated from one another by layers 9, 10, 11 and made from material such as Al or Cu which is normally conductive at a temperature at which the super-conductive material 5 is superconducting. The parts 6, 7, 8 may have cross-sections in the form of a sector of a circle and arranged so that the set 4 is of circular cross-section or rectangular with rounded edges. A layer 15 of insulating material may also be used. In another embodiment, Fig. 1 a layer of elongate conductors 12 is distributed helically around an axis, preferably round a hollow open helix 2 with radius R i  and of electrically insulating plastics material of strip form so that a liquid cooling medium, e.g. helium can flow along it and transversely through it between adjacent turns to contact conductors 12. Electrically insulating plastics foils of radius Ra and represented by circle 3 are placed round conductors 12 and a second layer of conductors 13 is distributed helically around 3. The conductors 12 and 13 are in two concentric rings, the individual conductors in each ring being advantageously transposed so that they each accept the same proportion of operating current. In the event of overloading, causing the layers 5 to change from the super-conducting to normally conducting conduction, the parts 6, 7, 8 are intended to carry the heavy current for a short time.
Patent GB-1350737-A (GB)
Title: Retrospective pulse modulation
IPC: G06V30/224
Filed: 1972-02-24
Abstract: 1350737 Retrospective pulse modulation INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 24 Feb 1972 [5 April 1971] 8531/72 Headings G4C and G4M Characters are recorded on a medium by retrospective pulse modulation, i.e. by a binary coding system in which the value of the binary digit is determined by the intervals between three successive transitions, an end of character being represented by an interval longer than the intervals used to define binary bits. If the interval between the second and third and first and second transitions are equal the data recorded represents a binary "1" and if the intervals are unequal it represents a binary "0". The transitions may be any detectable boundary on the medium, e.g. changes in colour, polarity of a magnetic strip or surface levels.
Patent GB-237946-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to sewing machine awls
IPC: D05B81/00
Filed: 1924-04-05
Abstract: 237,946. British United Shoe Machinery Co., Ltd., Elliott, H. E., and United Shoe Repairing Machine Co. April 5, 1924. Awls.-Jaws for holding a sewing-awl as in the parent Specification, are carried by a rotatable spindle 10 so that the faces 4, 5, to be filed, can be brought uppermost successively. The spindle is normally locked locked by a pin 13 therein engaging slots 14 in the frame but can be rotated when the pin has been withdrawn by moving the spindle axially against the action of a spring 15. The device is clamped to the frame, 12 of a curved-needle lockstitch outsole sewing-machine.
Patent GB-954113-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of frozen confectionery
IPC: A23G9/48
Filed: 1962-03-06
Abstract: 954,113. Ice-making. J. OLDHAM. March 6, 1963 [March 6, 1962], No. 8651/62. Heading F4H. A process for making frozen confectionery comprises dividing a mould into two or more sections by means of a hollow partition, freezing a first confection in said sections, withdrawing said hollow partition and filling the resultant spaces between the sections with a second confection which is subsequently frozen. As shown, a mould 4 is divided into two sections 16 and 17 by a transverse hollow partition 10 which is suspended from a frame 14. A coloured solution is poured into the sections 16, 17 and is frozen, hot air or liquid being then supplied to the interior of the partition 10 which is then removed. A differently coloured solution is then poured into the resultant space between the sections and a stick is held in position in this solution while it is frozen.
Patent GB-452909-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to ladders
IPC: E06C1/12
Filed: 1936-03-23
Abstract: 452,909. Ladders. CROWSON, B., 82, London Road, Peterborough. March 23, 1936, No. 8678. [Class 20 (ii)] The sliding section 1 of an extension ladder is held in any extended position by a pivoted hook 4 which engages with the rungs 3 of the stationary section 2, the hook being actuated by a two-armed lever 9 pivoted at 11 to tho outer side of the rail of the sliding section. The operation cord 15 is attached to a spirally shaped hook 14 on the shorter arm of the lever, this arm being so proportioned and disposed that it remains clear of the stationarv rail. The longer arm has a pin-and-slot connection 8, 10 with the hook 4 which is pivoted on a bar 5 extending between the side rails of the sliding section. A similar hook is mounted on the opposite end of the bar and the two hooks are connected by a stay 6. The other end of the cord 15 is attached to a spiral hook 13 formed on a plate 12 which is secured to the side rails of the sliding section and which carries the pivot pin 11 of the lever 9. Specification 2125/00, [Class 20], is referred to.
Patent GB-818604-A (GB)
Title: Improved air spring
IPC: F16F9/05
Filed: 1957-03-15
Abstract: 818,604. Pneumatic springs. GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER CO. March 15, 1957 [Dec. 10, 1956], No. 8682/57. Class 108(3) In an air spring, for use between the frame and undercarriage of a vehicle, which has at least one piston member mounted on either the frame or undercarriage, a bellows of rubber-like material sealed to the edge portion of the face of the piston member to define therewith an airtight main air chamber, constraining means surrounding the bellows which is substantially coextensive in length with the bellows, and an auxiliary air chamber connected to the main air chamber by an orifice. the piston member is characterized in that its side-walls are of greater lateral extent than that of the face of the piston member so that the effective area of the piston member increases as the piston member approaches maximum deflection in compression. An air spring unit has top and bottom pistons 4, 5, Fig. 2, cylindrical bellows 6 of rubber or rubber-like polyurethanes, and a metal constraining band 7. The bellows is sealed against the pistons by beads 10, 11, reinforced with wires 14, 15, which fit in seats 12, 13. Constraining band 7 is held in position by groove 19 which engages ridge 20 in the bellows. An orifice 23 in face 24 of piston 4 leads from main air chamber 25 to an auxiliary air chamber 27. Sidewall portions 29, 30 of pistons 4, 5, diverge out from the face of the piston so as to increase the effective area of the piston as the spring is compressed, thus stiffening it and increasing its rate and frequency. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with cylindrical pistons. To provide an increased effective area the thickness of the walls of hook portions 42, 43 of bellows 44, which lay up against the piston sidewalls as the spring is compressed, is increased from beads 45, 46, towards outer edges 47, 48, Fig. 5 shows a modification in which the diameters of the pistons increase in steps as at 53. Beads 61, 62, of bellows 63 are sealed to the piston faces by clamping members 64, 65. An orifice 74 in the top piston provides a connection between main air chamber 75 and auxiliary air chamber 76. An inner ring 36 holds bellows 63 in groove 37 of band 73. Fig. 7 shows a modification using a single elongated piston 77, mounted on either the frame or undercarriage, which gives a lower frequency and requires a smaller auxiliary air chamber than the foregoing springs. Fig. 9 shows a modified piston shape and bellows 120 are reinforced by inextensible fabric 121, e.g. rayon or nylon, bounded by top and bottom beads 122, 123. Air enters auxiliary chamber 126 through orifice 124. A vertical separation between inner and outer portions of the bellows, adjacent the bead 122, may be provided to allow the bellows loop to move inside the reinforcement during full compression deflection of the spring, Fig. 10, shows a modification in which the pistons and bellows are rectangular with rounded ends in cross-section. The bellows are clamped against the pistons, and bracing members 117, 118 prevent band 96 from being deformed.