Patent GB-696498-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plasticizing agent for mineral lubricating oil solutions of metal salts of phenol sulfides
Filed: 1950-11-29
Abstract: An alkylated phenol containing at least two branched chain alkyl radicles of 5-16 carbon atoms is added as viscosity reducer, foam inhibitor and anti-oxidant to mineral lubricating oil solutions of metal salts of phenol sulphides (see Group III). Thus. such solutions may be prepared by reacting the phenol sulphide with a basic acting metal compound in the presence of a mineral lubricating oil containing the alkylated phenol.  The alkylated phenol may be a dialkyl, trialkyl or higher polyalkylphenol and may contain secondary or tertiary alkyl radicles.  In addition, it may also contain straight-chain radicles.  Suitable alkylated phenols or mixtures thereof may be prepared by alkylating phenols with polymers or copolymers of olefins, particularly dimers, trimers and tetramers of propylene or of butylenes.  The phenol sulphides are compounds of the general formula <FORM:0696498/IV (b)/1> or polymeric forms of such compounds, where R is an alkyl radicle, n and x are integers from 1 to 4, and the total number of carbon atoms in all of the R groups is at least 10, individual R groups containing, for example, 1-30 carbon atoms.  The phenol sulphides may be prepared by reacting an alkylated phenol with sulphur monochloride or sulphur dichloride.  With either of these reagents, a mixture of the phenol monosulphide and phenol disulphide may be produced.  The alkylated phenol from which the phenol sulphide is prepared may be prepared by alkylating the phenol with isobutylene, isoamylene, diisobutylene, triisobutylene or olefin-containing mixtures obtained from petroleum refinery gases. Basic acting metal compounds mentioned are the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of metals, particularly those of alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminium, tin, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel.  The metal salts of phenol sulphides may be neutral or basic.  In an example of the preparation of a suitable alkylated phenol, phenol is alkylated with diisobutylene (made by the cold acid polymerization of isobutylene) in the presence of BF3 and a fraction removed by distillation, consisting of a major proportion of di-tert.-octyl phenol and a minor proportion of higher alkylated phenols.  In another example, tert. octyl phenol sulphide is dissolved in mineral lubricating oil, a trace of a commercial silicone polymer ("Antifoam A") is added, followed by di-tert.-octyl phenol (the impure product of the previous example) and the mixture heated.  Barium hydroxide octahydrate is stirred into the heated mixture.  For comparison purposes, the di-tert.-octyl phenol is omitted or replaced by Loral B alcohol ("Loral" is a Registered Trade Mark).ALSO:An alkylated phenol containing at least two branched chain alkyl radicles of 5-16 carbon atoms is added as viscosity reducer, foam inhibitor and anti-oxidant to mineral lubricating oil solutions of metal salts of phenol sulphides.  Thus, such solutions may be prepared by reacting the phenol sulphide with a basic acting metal compound in the presence of a mineral lubricating oil containing the alkylated phenol.  The alkylated phenol may be a dialkyl, trialkyl or higher polyalkyl phenol and may contain secondary or tertiary alkyl radicles.  In addition, it may also contain straight chain radicles.  Suitable alkylated phenols are di-tert. octyl phenol, diisoamyl phenol, di-tert. amyl phenol, isoamyl tert. octyl phenol, tri-tert. octyl phenol, di-tert. dodecyl phenol, di-tert. hexadecyl phenol and diisoamyl n-butyl phenol.  Suitable alkylated phenols or mixtures thereof may be prepared by alkylating phenols with polymers or copolymers of olefins, particularly dimers, trimers and tetramers of propylene or of butylenes.  The phenol sulphides are compounds of the general formula <FORM:0696498/III/1> or polymeric forms of such compounds, where R is an alkyl radicle n and x are integers from 1 to 4, and the total number of carbon atoms in all of the R groups is at least 10, individual R groups containing, for example, 1-30 carbon atoms.  The phenol sulphides may be prepared by reacting an alkylated phenol with sulphur monochloride or sulphur dichloride.  With either of these reagents, a mixture of the phenol monosulphide and phenol disulphide may be produced.  The alkylated phenol from which the phenol sulphide is prepared may be obtained by alkylating the phenol with isobutylene, isoamylene, diisobutylene, triisobutylene or olefin-containing mixtures obtained from petroleum refinery gases. Specified phenol sulphides are the sulphides of tert.-amyl phenol, isohexyl phenol, di-tert. octyl phenol and paraffin wax-alkylated phenols.  Basic acting metal compounds mentioned are the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of metals, particularly those of alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminium, tin, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel.  The metal salts of phenol sulphides may be neutral or basic. The mineral lubricating oil solutions may contain additional ingredients such as detergents, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, V.I. improvers, oiliness agents, E.P. agents, solvents and assisting agents.  Detergents mentioned are metal soaps, metal petroleum sulphonates, metal phenates, metal alcoholates, metal salts of alkylated phenol sulphides, metal salts of organo-substituted acids of phosphorus and the reaction products of metal phenates and metal phenol sulphides, with sulphur and sulphides of phosphorus. Solvents and assisting agents mentioned are esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and halogenated or nitrated compounds.  In an example, tert. octyl phenol sulphide is dissolved in mineral lubricating oil, a trace of a commercial silicone polymer ("antifoam A") is added, followed by di-tert. octyl phenol, and the mixture heated. Barium hydroxide octahydrate is stirred into the heated mixture. For comparison purposes, the di-tert. octyl phenol is omitted or replaced by Lorol B alcohol ("Lorol" is a Registered Trade Mark).  In another example, a composition containing mineral lubricating oil, calcium petroleum sulphonate, barium tert. octyl phenol sulphide, Lorol B alcohol and di-tert octyl phenol is mentioned.  For comparison purposes, the di-tert. octyl phenol is omitted.