Patent GB-1149150-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pulse radar apparatuses
Inventor: BOUMAN ANTONIUS FREDERICUS MAT
IPC: G01S13/28
Filed: 1967-12-28
Abstract: 1,149,150. Pulse compression radar; automatic frequency control. HOLLANDSE SIGNAALAPPARATEN N.V. 28 Dec., 1967 [12 Jan., 1967], No. 58857/67. Headings H3A and H4D. The Specification describes a pulse compression radar of the type wherein the transmitter channel includes an arrangement for producing substantially linearly frequency modulated pulses of comparatively long duration, and its receiver channel includes a pulse compression filter 6, Fig. 1, which compresses applied echo pulses having said frequency modulation to output pulses of short duration, said arrangement for producing the frequency modulated output pulses comprising control members 19 and 20 adapted to readjust both the centre frequency fo and the modulation slope in response to applied error signals, a frequency discriminator 22, the tuning frequency of which corresponds to the desired centre frequency fo, leakage means 30 for feeding a fraction of the output pulses of said arrangement through the filter 6 to the input of said frequency discriminator 22, a gate pulse generator 25 producing early and late gate pulses, the timing of which is such that the instant of occurrence of the trailing edge of the early and the leading edge of the late gate pulse coincide with the instant of occurrence of the maximum of a predetermined compressed pulse applied to the frequency discriminator, a sum and a difference amplifier 24 and 25 and two gates 26 and 27 which, under the control of said early and late gate pulses, connect the output of said frequency discriminator to the said sum and difference amplifier, whereby said sum amplifier produces an output voltage the value and sign of which correspond to the magnitude and direction of the deviation from the desired centre frequency fo, whilst the difference amplifier produces an output voltage, the value and sign of which correspond to the magnitude and direction of the deviation from the desired modulation slope, a first control circuit 28 through which the output voltage of sum amplifier 24 is applied as an error signal to the control member 19, and, a second control circuit 29 through which the output voltage of difference amplifier 25 is applied as an error signal to the control member 20. The echo signals after having been compressed in filter 6 are fed via video amplifier 17 to an indicator (not shown). A synchronizing   pulse generator 10 feeds a pulse #Si to a sawtooth generator 9 to commence its operation. The slope of the resulting sawtooth is controlled from said second control circuit 29. The output of generator 9 has a D.C. component added at 19 in dependence on the fo control signal arriving by first control circuit 28. The thus controlled sawtooth is fed to a variable resistance section of I.F. oscillator 7 to produce a long I.F. pulse linearly frequency modulated. This is converted in mixer 12 to the transmit R.F. pulse, by means of STALO 13. The pulse is then transmitted via gate 14 and duplexer 2. A directional coupler 30 directs a small part of the transmitted pulse to mixer 15 which is supplied with the output of STALO 13, to thereby regain the I.F. pulse. The compression filter 6 acts as said I.F. pulse to produce a narrow pulse which is fed to frequency discriminator 22 and to detector 31. The output of detector 31 is used to determine the timings of the late and early gates. Sync. pulses #S normally positioned half way along the transmitted pulses are fed to a variable delay time modulator 34. The resulting delayed output of modulator 34, trigger gate generator 33 and the resultant early and late gates are fed to one input of time discriminator 32. The other input thereof is fed by detector 31 and any detected departure from the described positioning of the gates causes discriminator 32 to correct modulator 34. Three cases will now be examined: (a) The transmitted pulse has the correct centre frequency fo and modulation slope. In this case the output of filter 6 is a pulse having an envelope sin X/X and a carrier frequency fo. Since the discriminator 22 is tuned to fo it gives no output, no outputs are thus passed by gates 26 and 27 and no outputs are produced by amplifiers 24 and 25. No correction signals are thus fed to the control circuits 28 and 29. (b) The transmitted pulse has a centre frequency shifted to fo + #f, but a correct modulation slope. In this case the carrier of the output pulse of filter 6 will be fo + #f and a voltage representing #f will be produced for the durations of the output pulse by discriminator 22. Gates 26 and 27 will thus pass equal energies to the amplifiers 24 and 25, whence difference amplifier 25 will produce no output (i.e. no modulator slope correction signal produced) and sum amplifier 24 will produce an output, which via control circuit 28 controls means 19 to adjust the centre frequency back to fo. (c) The transmitted pulse has the correct centre frequency fo but an incorrect modulation slope. The pulse output of filter 6 will be frequency modulated about fo whence the output of discriminator 22 will comprise a first half of one polarity and a second half of the opposite polarity. Sum amplifier 24 will thus produce no output whilst difference amplifiers 25 will produce an output resulting in a correction signal on control circuit 29. Incorrect centre frequency and modulation slope will result in energies of opposite but unequal sign being passed by gates 26 and 27 and correction signals being produced on both control circuits 28 and 29.