Patent GB-728582-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of washing powders
IPC: C11D1/34
Filed: 1950-07-05
Abstract: A washing powder comprises (a) a lime-unstable mono-and/or di-ester of orthophosphoric acid, or a salt of such an ester, the ester containing in its molecule at least one hydrocarbon radicle having at least 8 carbon atoms and also a chain O(RO)n where R denotes an aliphatic divalent radicle containing at least 2 carbon atoms and n denotes an integer greater than 1, the chain either being completed at one end by a hydrogen atom or serving to link the phosphoric acid radicle to the hydrocarbon radicle, and (b) a detergent or other adjuvant.  The surface-active hydrocarbon radicle (i.e. the hydrocarbon radicle containing at least 8 carbon atoms) of ingredient (a) may be one present in soap or one present in an alkylated phenol whose alkyl group corresponds to a petroleum hydrocarbon such as diesel oil. Ingredient (a) may be a mixed secondary ester of orthophosphoric acid which contains, in addition to the surface-active hydrocarbon radicle, a hydrophilic radicle such as may be introduced by condensation with a polyglycol, polyglycerine, amino-alcohol or sorbitol.  Poly-esters with secondary ester characteristics and obtained by the esterification of orthophosphoric acid with polyhydroxyl compounds may also be employed as ingredient (a). Salts which may be employed as ingredient (a) include alkali metal, ammonium and amine salts.  Detergents which may be employed as ingredient (b) include (i) carboxylates, especially the alkali metal soaps of fatty acids containing at least 6 carbon atoms in the molecule, or of resin acids, or of hydroxy-, amino- or halogen-substituted fatty acids, (ii) synthetic carboxylic acids such as those produced by condensing fatty acid chlorides with sarcosine, amino-acetic acid or aminobenzoic acid, (iii) sulphonation or sulphation products of hydrocarbons with at least 6 carbon atoms in the molecule such as sulphates of higher fatty alcohols, alkyl or alkaryl sulphonic acids, alkali salts of condensation products of fatty acids with hydroxyethane- or aminoethane-sulphonic acid, and condensation products of fatty acids with alkylolamines which have subsequently been condensed with ethylene oxide and sulphonated, (iv) hydrocarbons with at least 6 carbon atoms which have been rendered detergent by condensation with ethylene oxide or a polyglycol, for example, decaethylene glycol isooctyl phenyl ether and the ether formed by the condensation of 1 mol of lauryl sorbitol with 3 mols of glycol, and (v) phosphoric acid ester detergents of the kind in which the OH group esterified with the phosphoric acid is linked directly to a hydrophobic radicle, for example, esters of phosphoric acid with fatty alcohols or with substituted phenols. Other adjuvants which may be employed together with or instead of the detergents are caustic soda, waterglass, inorganic salts of ortho-, pyro-, meta- and poly-phosphoric acids, particularly trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium perborate, sodium carbonate, Glauber's salt, carboxymethyl cellulose, the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and optical bleaching agents such as sulphonated stilbene derivatives which may contain substituted amino or triazine groups.  In the examples, washing powders are described which consist of (I) the sodium salt of the mixed di-ester of orthophosphoric acid with 1 mol of iso-octyl cresol and 1 mol of polyglycol (molecular weight 450), the sodium salt of the mono- (iso-octyl phenyl) ester of orthophosphoric acid, calcined soda, waterglass, sodium pyrophosphate and the sodium salt of cellulose glycollic acid, (II) the sodium salt of the orthophosphoric acid ester of the octadecyl mono-ether of triethylene glycol, the sodium salt of an ester mixture obtained by treating polyethylene glycol (mean molecular weight 700) with phosphorus oxychloride and then hydrolysing, calcined soda, Glauber's salt, waterglass, the cellulose ether known under the Registered Trade Mark " Tylose " and sodium pyrophosphate, (III) the sodium salt of the product obtained by condensing 10 mols of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of iso-octyl phenol and then esterifying with orthophosphoric acid, sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulphonate, the sodium salt of cellulose glycollic acid, calcined soda and waterglass, (IV) the sodium salt of the mono- or di-ester of orthophosphoric acid produced by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with the monolauryl ether of hexaethylene glycol, and Glauber's salt, (V) the sodium salt of the mixture of mono- and di-esters of orthophosphoric acid obtained by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a condensation product of 6 mols of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a mixture of aliphatic alcohols formed by the hydrogenation of coconut oil, the neutral ester mixture obtained by reaction of 1 mol of phosphorus oxychloride with 2 mols of octadecyl alcohol and 1.5 mols of polyglycol (molecular weight 450), Glauber's salt and sodium pyrophosphate, and (VI) a di-ester of orthophosphoric acid wherein one OH group of the acid is esterified with the reaction product of 1 mol of dibutyl cresol with 1 mol of polyglycol (molecular weight 450) and another OH group of the acid is esterified with the reaction product of 4 mols of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of oleylamine, the sodium salt of the mono- (dibutylphenyl) ester of orthophosphoric acid, calcined soda, waterglass, sodium pyrophosphate and the sodium salt of cellulose glycollic acid.  Specification 443,487 is referred to.