baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-593903-A (GB)
Title: Process for the conversion of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons into higher boiling derivatives thereof
IPC: C07C2/86
Filed: 1944-07-20
Abstract: An isoparaffin is condensed with a haloolefin in the presence of a metal halide of the Friedel-Crafts' type to give higher boiling alkyl halides and hydrocarbons.  Isobutane is the preferred isoparaffin, but higher isoparaffins or hydrocarbon mixtures containing iso and normal paraffins may be used.  The halo-olefins contain one or more halogen atoms and one or more double bonds.  They may be prepared by reaction of halogen and olefin at a temperature sufficiently high for substitution rather than addition to occur or by removal of hydrogen halide from a dihalo-alkane.  Halo-ethenes, propenes, butenes, pentenes and higher may be used, for example vinyl, allyl, and methallyl chlorides and bromides.  Friedel-Crafts' catalysts used include metal chlorides and bromides, particularly aluminium and zirconium chlorides, which may be on carriers such as alumina, silica, clay, pumice and charcoal.  Temperatures are generally about -30 DEG  to 25 DEG  C., but may be up to about 100 DEG  C.  For high yields of alkyl halides, a molar excess of isoparaffin to halo-olefine up to about 20 : 1 should be employed.  Some dihalides are generally also formed.  At higher temperatures, the alkyl halide formed produces with the isoparaffin a higher isoparaffin and hydrogen halide. Thus, allyl chloride and isobutane give chlorheptane and liquid paraffins in varying proportions.  The halo-olefin may be added to the isoparaffin and catalyst in a batch operation or introduced into a circulating mixture, sometimes together with hydrogen halide, in a continuous manner.  Hydrogen may also be added. Pressure is generally such that the reactants are substantially in liquid phase.  In examples: (1) allyl chloride is gradually added to aluminium chloride and isobutane at the reflux temperature to yield chlorheptane, hexane, heptane and other products in amounts depending on the time and quantity of catalyst; (2) temperatures between -40 DEG  and 50 DEG C. at normal or increased pressures are used, chlorheptane and other chlorinated hydrocarbons being obtained at -25 DEG  C., and paraffins at higher temperatures.  Below -25 DEG  C., allyl chloride is unchanged. Zirconium chloride acts similarly at higher temperatures within the range; (3) 2-chlorpropene and isobutane with aluminium chloride give no reacton at -40 DEG  C., chlorheptane and heptane at -25 DEG  C., and heptanes with some tert.-butyl chloride at -10 DEG  C.; (4) methallyl chloride similarly yields octanes and chloroctane at -25 DEG  C., paraffins at -10 DEG C., and does not react at -50 DEG  C.; (5) vinyl chloride gives hexanes, a chlor-hydrocarbon and tert.-butyl chloride at -10 DEG  and 25 DEG  C., but does not react at -25 DEG  C.; (6) dichlor-ethylene at 20-25 DEG  C. yields hexanes, octanes and a chlor-hydrocarbon. Specification 554,825 is referred to.
Patent GB-998576-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical lead-through devices
IPC: C04B37/02
Filed: 1962-04-11
Abstract: <PICT:0998576/C1/1> <PICT:0998576/C1/2> An electrical lead-through device comprises a frusto-conical ceramic body 2 which is baked and the surface metallized in known manner and the metallized surface is then covered by an intermediate layer 3 of copper or nickel not more than 10 microns thick.  The ceramic body 2 is then placed in the frusto-conical aperture of a thickwalled metal ring 1 on a flat plate 6 and a ring 5 of silver or other solder is placed on top and heated to 1000 DEG  C., when the solder melts and penetrates the space formed by differential expansion of the ceramic body 2 and the metal ring 1 and the ceramic body sinks in the apertured plate, the axial dimension of the ceramic body being less than that of the aperture. Nickel or molybdenum conductors 9 are soldered through apertures in the ceramic in the same operation.  The ring 1 may be a disc with two or more holes and is formed from steel nickel iron or alloys with a high expansion coefficient. The ceramic may be aluminium oxide, sapphire, forsterite, steatite or the like, with the coefficient of expansion differing from that of the metal by a factor of at least 1.5.
Patent GB-702557-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in machines for marking out tennis and other games courts, parking grounds, roads and similar purposes
IPC: A63C19/08
Filed: 1951-06-15
Abstract: 702,557. Line-markers for roads &c. MAYNARD, R. May 23, "1952 [June 15, 1951], No. 14198/51. Class 132(2) A line marker for roads &c. comprises a normally-airtight marking composition container 12 having a discharge nozzle 22 closed by a radiussed plate 23 having a slit a little narrower than the breadth of the non-absorbent marking wheel 18, which is so mounted in relation to plate 23 as normally to close the slit but, when the machine is propelled, it draws composition from the container by surface tension. The wheel is mounted on a frame 13, 14 to which is welded a bracket 21 and a loop 20 embracing container 12. The latter carries a bracket 25 in which works a thumb-screw 26 rotation of which raises the container to vary the space between the plate 23 and the wheel. The marker may be power-driven A filling cap is provided.
Patent GB-187650-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for towing submerged objects
IPC: B63B21/66
Filed: 1921-05-23
Abstract: 187,650. Magoun, F. P. May 23, 1921. Towing.-Means for towing a submerged object at a predetermined depth comprises a tow line, means for attaching the object thereto, and directing means for the object and tow line, the directing means being flexibly attached to the tow line below the submerged object and provided with surfaces capable of assuming new positions in response to variable forces acting on the object, the surfaces acting through the flexible attachment to maintain the object at a constant depth with substantial freedom from vertical and horizontal oscillations. The tow line 6 passes round a sheave mounted on an overhung spar carried by the vessel 1 and is provided with a frame 25 in which is pivoted a gimbal ring 42 carrying a torpedo 10. The frame is connected at its upper ends to the tow line by the links 46, swivel 47 and coupling 48, and at its lower end by means of a universal connection 22, 23, 24 to a bridle 20 in which is pivoted a kite for directing the torpedo. The kite comprises open stirrup-shaped members 16, 17 forming the directing surfaces and connected by side members 18. The member 16 carries a weight 33 cast thereon, so that for normal speeds the kite is inclined to the horizontal and most deeply submerged at the forward end. The member 17 has a central vertical vane to prevent lateral deviation of the kite. The torpedo comprises a sheet-metal tube 10 for carrying the explosive charge and provided at one end with a wood or sheet-metal tail 70 and at the other end with a cast head 51 filled with a detonating powder and provided with firing pins 52 held away from a pair of percussion primers 55 by springs 53. A safety cap 58, mounted on a stud 56 screwed into the head 51, is held away from the firing pins by a spiral spring 61 and flat springs 50. A screwed stop 67 mounted in the nose 68 of the safety cap abuts the end of the stud 56 and so prevents any backward movement of the cap, but this stop is removed before use. The cap is secured to the head 51 by means of integral arms 62 having slots 63 which engage pins 65 screwed into the head. The head of the torpedo is sufficiently heavy to cause the torpedo to sink head downwards if the tow line breaks.
Patent GB-543233-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to thermal responsive electric switches of the glow discharge type
IPC: H05B41/08
Filed: 1940-09-20
Abstract: 543,233. Thermal switches. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Sept. 20, 1940, No. 14384. Convention date, Sept. 20, 1939. [Class 38 (v)] In a thermal switch of the glow-discharge type wherein a bi-metal strip 22 in an envelope 11 containing an ionizable gas to a pressure of 25-100 mm. of mercury, is deflected to engage a contact 24 by the discharge between it and a nickel cylinder 20, excessive dissipation of the barium or other electronemitting material covering the electrodes is prevented by means of a current-reducing resistance 25 which is connected between the electrode 20 and contact 24 and, along with the glow-discharge, is shunted when the contacts 23, 24 close. In Fig. 1 the resistance surrounds and helps to heat the bi-metal, but it may be mounted in the base 15 between lead-in 13 and the extended support 21 of electrode 20, or may comprise a carbon ring surrounding the exhaust tube of the stem 12, Fig. 3 and 4 (not shown). The base may have a third terminal to allow external arrangement of the resistance. The contact 24 may be an ambienttemperature compensating bi-metal. The device is applicable to the starting of fluorescent lamps, the filaments of which are heated in series to electron-emitting temperature and then disconnected to produce the discharge, all under control of the bi-metallic switch, Fig. 5 (not shown). Specification 533,249 is referred to.
Patent GB-590993-A (GB)
Title: Fuel and air supply systems of carburetting apparatus
IPC: F02D9/00
Filed: 1946-05-13
Abstract: 590,993. Carburetting-apparatus. BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION. May 13, 1946, No. 14394. Convention date, June 2, 1945. Addition to 590,960. [Class 7 (iii)] In the fuel and air supply system described in the parent Specification, in which a fuel-metering valve 56 is controlled in accordance with air flow by an off-centre pivoted vane 34 the pressure of the spring loading the vane is reduced as temperature decreases and an electricallyoperated means reduces the loading still further when required-e.g., for providing rich mixture at starting. The hooked end 92 of a bi-metallic strip 80 connects a pin 94, on an arm attached to the vane spindle, the other end of the strip being-attached to a spindle 82 having an arm 98 moved to increase the pressure of the strip when a solenoid 108 is energised to attract a disc 112 carried by a rod 104. The solenoid is in circuit with the engine starting switch. In a modification, Fig. 3, the strip 132, is U-shaped, one arm being attached to a spindle connected to the vane spindle by a coil spring 81 and the other arm being embraced between a flange 138 and a spring 142 on the solenoid plunger. The spring 142 allows the ends of the strip to approach one another and produce lost motion as the engine warms up. Enrichment of the mixture is thus prevented when the solenoid is energised on closing the starter switch when the engine is hot. In another arrangement the strip is straight and when cold bears directly on the end of the solenoid plunger. The strip may be subject to heated air drawn through a chamber on the exhaust pipe. A second solenoid may be provided which, when energised, removes the pressure of the spring 81 on the vane spindle and so allows flooded fuel to be ejected from the engine cylinders when cold.
Patent GB-322169-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture and use of colouring matters
IPC: C09B47/04
Filed: 1928-05-16
Abstract: 322,169. Dandridge, A. G., Drescher, H. A. E., Thomas, J., and Scottish Dyes, Ltd. May 16, 1928. Dyes.-Colouring matters which may be used as vat dyes or pigments are made by reacting with ammonia or a primary monamine of the aliphatic or of the benzene or naphthalene series on phthalic anhydride, phthalimide, or the mono- or di-amide of phthalic acid in the presence of iron, nickel, or copper or compound thereof. By treating the products with sulphuric acid or oleum, dyestuffs dyeing animal fibres from acid baths are obtained. Either the sulphonated or unsulphonated products may be used for dyeing cellulose esters, such as cellulose acetate. In examples, products are obtained from (1) phthalic anhydride, iron, and ammonia; (2) phthalic anhydride, cuprous chloride and ammonia; (3) phthalimide, nickel sulphide and ammonia; (4) phthalic diamide, ferrous sulphide and ammonia; (5) phthalimide, nickel sulphide and aniline; (6) phthalimide, cupric chloride and ammonia; (7) phthalimide, ferrous sulphide, and methylamine; (8) phthalimide, nickel sulphide, and p-toluidine; and (9) phthalimide, nickel sulphide, and #-naphthylamine. In further examples, the products of examples 1, 2, 3, and 6 are sulphonated by treating with concentrated sulphuric acid or oleum; an example of the dyeing of wool with the sulphonated product of extample 6 is also given.
Patent GB-475193-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic cameras provided with range finders
IPC: G03B13/20
Filed: 1936-05-22
Abstract: 475,193. Photographic cameras. KODAK, Ltd., and CROWTHER, R. E. May 22, 1936, Nos. 14468 and 18739. [Class 98 (i)] A camera has a range-finder through which focusing and range-finder distance indications are observed simultaneously. In Fig. 1, the camera 1 has a shutter 3, focusing ring 4, and range-finder 7 carried on the side wall 9. Reflecting elements 10, 11 are disposed against beam accepting windows 12, 14 respectively, the element 10 being half silvered to enable a direct view through the window 12 to be observed through the eyepiece 13. The element 11 is pivoted for angular adjustment, a knob 19 moving a cam follower 17 to turn the arm 15 supporting the mirror against the action of a spring 18. A transparent strip 21 carried by the cam follower 17 moves in the path of the rays incident on the element 11, and indicates range-finder distances which are seen in the eyepiece 13. A mirror in a casing 23 is supported adjacent the scale of the focusing ring 4 at such an angle that an image of the latter can be seen through the window 12 and eyepiece 13. When the focusing scale is on the camera bed, the mirror is mounted on and is movable with the camera front. The mirror may also be carried by a lazytongs device on the range-finder. In a modification (not shown), the focusing scale is on an arcuate transparent member which is disposed so that a portion of the scale extends into the field of view of the window 12. The transparent member is in two hinged parts to facilitate folding of the camera. In Fig. 5, focusing of the camera is effected by a member rotatable on a pin 34 and carrying a pinion meshing a plate 35 to move the link 6 and the camera front. An additional pinion 38 on the pin 34 meshes with a rack 39 which carries a transparent strip 40 bearing the focusing scale and movable across the window 14. The focusing and range-finder scales and indices are viewed side by side.
Patent GB-999078-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to potato separators and potato harvesters
IPC: B07B13/00
Filed: 1963-04-11
Abstract: 999,078. Potato-harvesters. E. P. BRAND. June 23, 1964 [April 11, 1963], No. 14504/63. Addition to 933,097. Heading A1F. [Also in Division B2] The potato harvester of the parent Specification comprising a double-tilted endless conveyer D is modified by (a) the provision of one or more additional double-tilted endless conveyers E which are arranged in series relation to one another at a lower level than the conveyer D and with the working surface or surfaces driven oppositely to that of the conveyer D so as to provide further separation of the potatoes which pass from the conveyer D, (b) so constructing the conveyer F feeding potatoes to the conveyers D, E that it effects a preliminary separation or, (c) the construction of the conveyer D and conveyer E, where this is provided, of closelyspaced slats on endless carrier chains. As shown, applied to the case in which conveyers D, E are provided, the crop is lifted by a digger chain B on to an elevator C which discharges on to a feed conveyer F bridging the tables D, E, the feed conveyer being formed of pivoted flaps 19 which are moved to the horizontal position by a pair of guide rails 24 as they pass over the tables so as to allow only the medium and small sized potatoes and accompanying material to fall through on to the tables. The table D is tiltable for adjustment about H, J by screw jacks and the table E is tiltable for adjustment about an axis K by a strut 18. The medium and small sized potatoes roll diagonally under gravitational effects and fall on to a discharge conveyer where they join the large potatoes which fall from the feed conveyer F through the now freely-hanging flaps 19. All the potatoes are then discharged by the conveyer G into a collecting vehicle travelling at the side while the unwanted material is discharged over the ends of tables D, E and feed conveyer F. Platforms P are provided for operatives to manually assist in the separation. The tractor power take-off is arranged to drive the tables and conveyers through input shaft d, gear box g, clutches and overload release couplings. If desired, two or more rows of potatoes may be harvested simultaneously. To minimise damage to the crop, the working surfaces may be rubber-covered.
Patent GB-272215-A (GB)
IPC: F24F11/04
Filed: 1927-05-31
Abstract: 272,215. Louden Machinery Co., (Assignees of Strahan, J. L.). June 1, 1926, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Ventilators; valves.-A ventilator for fitting to an opening in the wall of a building comprises a damper plate N pivoted in a housing so as to oscillate between an opening I formed in the inner side of the housing and an opening F formed in the outer side of the same. The housing consists of sides B, B', ends C, bottom D and a lid E, preferably removable. The openings F, I are disposed in obliquely arranged walls. The plate N has its lower edge wrapped around a shaft M, which is supported in recesses provided in brackets J arranged on the bottom of the casing. The plate N is balanced approximately by a weight S, which is threaded on a downwardly-extending stem R riveted on the shaft M, and the balance may be adjusted by moving the weight up or down the stem. The upper end of the stem R is bifurcated as shown in Fig. 5, and disposed within such bifurcated part is the upper end of a rod T, which encircles the shaft M. A second weight member U, Fig. 5, is threaded on the lower end of the rod T. Normally, the plate N closes the opening F, but when a moderate current of air enters the opening F, the plate N will swing forward sufficiently to allow air to pass into the opening F and out of the opening I. In the case of a very strong wind, the plate N will close the opening I. The openings F, I may be provided in the upper walls of the housing, and the plate N may be arranged to swing below its shaft. The fitting may be arranged near the ceiling of a room, and the space between a pair of adjacent joists is enclosed to form a flue for leading air to a central part of the room.
Patent GB-573201-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the joining of glass or ceramics to metal
IPC: C04B37/02
Filed: 1944-08-01
Abstract: 573,201. Uniting metal to glass by heat. JOHMSON, MATTHEY & CO., Ltd., CHASTON, J. C., and DAVIES, D. A. Aug. 1, 1944, No. 14659. [Class 36] Relates to joining a glass or ceramic article to metal in which the article is first coated with a layer of silver, and consists in first "tinning" the silver surface, preferably soon after its application, with a lead-tin solder containing from 1 to 15 per cent. of silver whereby tarnishing of the surface is prevented and the use of ordinary lead-tin solder is permitted for effecting the ultimate joint to metal. The securing of terminal ceramic bushings in condensers of similar material is described; and the application of the silver layer by the method described in Specification 566,718, [Group II], is referred to.
Patent GB-1380867-A (GB)
Title: Tube-rolling mill
IPC: B21B21/00
Filed: 1973-03-27
Abstract: 1380867 Tube-rolling mills ELEKTROSTALSKY ZAVOD TYAZHELOGO MASHINOSTROENIA 27 March 1973 14751/73 Heading B3M A pilger cold rolling mill includes a pair of work rolls 8 and backing rolls 9 which are carried in a support 7, the support being reciprocated within a housing 5, and the housing being simultaneously reciprocated along a fixed base 4. The rolls 9 are rotated by frictional contact with bars 6 in the housing as the support is moved. Respective connecting rods 14 and 15 reciprocate the support and housing, the cranks 2 and 3 of the rods being offset by 90 degrees on a common driving shaft 10. The weights and strokes of the reciprocating parts are chosen to equalize the inertia loads acting on the shaft 10.
Patent GB-211433-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to carburetting and vaporizing in internal combustion engines
IPC: F02M21/10
Filed: 1923-06-05
Abstract: 211,433. Akt.-Ges. f³r Patentverwertung. Feb. 17, 1923, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 cf the Act]. Vaporizers, external; heating charge. - In vaporizing apparatus in which light or heavy fuel mixtures may be supplied to the engine, the heavy fuel spray is first mixed with cold air, the resulting mixture being diluted at successive points on its way to the engine with hot air. Exhaust gases flow through a chamber 3 containing air heating tubes 8 and a conduit 5 for the heavy fuel mixture. Heavy fuel is sprayed through a nozzle 52 into a cold-air channel 51 and as it emerges into the conduit 5 is met by hot air which has entered at 50 and flowed through the. tubes 8 and end chambers 6. Further quantities of hot air may be added through a succession of apertures in a tubular member 54 spaced from the conduit 5 so as to leave an annular channel. Air is admitted to this channel through a valved inlet 56 and the annular space serves to prevent carbonization of the heavy fuel by coming into contact with the hot wall of conduit 5. A double walled tube may be mounted in the conduit 5, so that the air can move to and fro therein before it is added to the mixture. A rotary plug valve 57 controls the mixture outlet and also a passage 64 for light fuel mixture. The light fuel is sprayed through a nozzle 60 into the air conduit 58 and is supplied from a light fuel reservoir 16. This reservoir supplies also a nozzle 65 for delivering light fuel through a conduit 64 to a notch 63 m the throttle valve to facilitate starting. A second notch 66 is arranged to occupy the same position as notch 63 when the throttle is fully open so that light fuel may be added to the heavy fuel mixture to facilitate ignition. The throttle valve may be adjusted by hand, by the engine or by thermal means.