baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2018084126-A (JP)
Title: Road state management program, road state management device, and road state management method
Inventor: SHIMADA KOJI
IPC: G08G1/00
Filed: 2016-11-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a road state management program capable of managing information on the state of a plurality of roads or information on the state under the road surface in time series.SOLUTION: A road state management program causes a computer to perform processing of: obtaining at least any of information on the road state and information on the state under the road surface; allotting the obtained information to each road management unit; and extracting the information in time series. Preferably, the road management unit is set for each lane on the road, and the information extracted for each of the road management units in time series is displayed for each of the road management units in time series.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2017039005-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: SHIMIZU MANABU
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2016-11-30
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine capable of suitably performing execution control of a performance.SOLUTION: A sound/light-side MPU 112 executes sound output control of a speaker part 45 according to a command transmitted from a display-side MPU 122, emission control of various emission part groups 71-73, drive control of drive units 53a, 53b for a skirt panel, and drive control of disk drive units 63a, 63b. Thus, in a mode corresponding to display contents of a pattern display device 31, a sound output performance, an emission performance, and an operation performance of a movable object are executed. In this case, a stop command flag is set to "1" by receiving a command corresponding to a stop command from a display-side MPU 122 in a situation where a disk performance is underway by a disk movable object. In a situation in that the stop command flag is set to "1", rotary operation of the disk movable object is stopped by detection of the disk movable object by a rotation initial position sensor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8
Patent JP-2018089567-A (JP)
Title: Gas barrier laminate and production method of the same
Inventor: MURASE TOMOKAZU
IPC: C08J7/048
Filed: 2016-12-01
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas barrier laminate capable of sufficiently highly reducing retort smell and sufficiently suppressing the peeling of a partial layer even when being in contact with food products and the like containing an acid and to provide a production method of the same.SOLUTION: In a production method of a gas barrier laminate 10 including a step forming a coating film containing at least one of a zinc ion, a metal alkoxide and the hydrolysate of the metal alkoxide and a water-soluble polymer on the surface of a base material film 1 or a laminate containing the base material film and a step forming a gas barrier layer 4 on the surface of the base material film 1 or the laminate containing the base material film by drying the coating film. The gas barrier laminate 10 is provided with the base material film 1 or the laminate containing the base material film and the gas barrier layer 4 disposed on the surface of the base material film 1 or the laminate containing the base material film; and the gas barrier layer 4 contains zinc dispersed in the gas barrier layer 4 and an organic-inorganic composite.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018089200-A (JP)
Title: Information processing device, and control method and program of information processing device
Inventor: HAYASHI MASAKI
IPC: A61J3/00
Filed: 2016-12-06
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mechanism that can reduce the time and effort for a user to manually dispense tablets so as to package the tablets from a tablet sheet part where a tablet storage part in which a take-out operation by tablet take-out means is not executed, and a tablet storage part in which a take-out operation is executed coexist.SOLUTION: When tablets in a predetermined amount required for packaging are taken out from a tablet storage part of a tablet sheet by tablet take-out means (S1302), it is determined whether or not a tablet sheet is generated where a tablet storage part in which a take-out operation by the tablet take-out means is not executed, and a tablet storage part in which a take-out operation by the tablet take-out means is executed coexist (S1304). When it is determined that a tablet sheet where the tablet storage parts coexist is generated, tablets are taken out by the tablet take-out means from the tablet storage part in which a take-out operation by the tablet take-out means is not executed in the tablet sheet after a predetermined number of tablets required for packaging are taken out, and control is executed so as to accumulate the tablets separately from the predetermined number of tablets (S1305).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12
Patent JP-2017042659-A (JP)
Title: Slot machine
Inventor: OGURA TOSHIO
IPC: A63F5/04
Filed: 2016-12-06
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slot machine preventing interest in a game from decreasing without any dissatisfaction with notification of a possibility of derivation.SOLUTION: In a slot machine for reporting ready-to-win when a prize winning combination results in ready-to-win, notification of ready-to-win is prohibited for a prize winning combination to which no occurrence has been suggested.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11
Patent JP-2018089288-A (JP)
Title: Manufacturing method of paper-made laminated bundle and manufacturing apparatus of paper-made laminated bundle
Inventor: IGAWA SHINICHI
IPC: A47K10/16
Filed: 2016-12-07
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus of manufacturing a compressed paper-made laminated bundle by cutting a long paper-made laminated bundle that is made into the air-tight state with compression and suction.SOLUTION: A long paper-made laminated bundle 5 stored in a cylindrical packaging bag 31 by a packaging part 21 is uniformly compressed in the sheet lamination direction by a compression and suction part 23, and the air contained in the long paper-made laminated bundle 5 is suctioned to make a package body 33 in the sealed state. Then, a sealed package body 35 is packaged with a packaging member 61 or stored in a hollow cylindrical body 62 by a storage part 25, a long sealed package body 63 obtained by storing the sealed package body 35 is cut by a cutting part 27, and a paper-made laminated bundle 65 in the prescribed size is manufactured.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2018096556-A (JP)
Title: Material gas liquefaction device and its control method
Inventor: YAMAZOE NAOTAKA
IPC: F01D17/00
Filed: 2016-12-08
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a rotating speed of an expander from rushing into a critical speed range without schedule in starting and stopping the expander, even when an operation characteristic of the expander changes in a material gas liquefaction device.SOLUTION: A material gas liquefaction device includes a feed line for supplying a material gas, a refrigerant circulation line having a turbine-type expander generating cold heat by expanding a refrigerant to cool a material gas and an expander inlet valve disposed at an inlet side of the expander, and circulating the refrigerant, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the material gas and the refrigerant, a cooler for initial cooling of the material gas and the refrigerant by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen, and a control device performing feedback control to make a rotating speed of the expander agree with a prescribed target value by controlling an opening of the expander inlet valve in starting and stopping the expander.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2018094781-A (JP)
Title: Recording element substrate, recording head and image formation apparatus
Inventor: NOMURA HIROYASU
IPC: B41J2/14
Filed: 2016-12-12
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a configuration capable of suppressing the step generated in the temperature-decreasing direction at the switching of a temperature sensor, and accurately checking the temperature-decreasing process of a temperature signal.SOLUTION: A recording element substrate 3 having a plurality of heaters 112a-112h and a plurality of temperature sensors 122a-122h provided correspondingly to a plurality of nozzles includes: a plurality of pieces of output means which respectively correspond to the plurality of temperature sensors 122a-122h and select one of the plurality of corresponding temperature sensors 122a-122h to output a temperature signal; switching means which selects one of the plurality of temperature signals output from the plurality of pieces of output means to output the temperature signal; and processing means which outputs the signal indicating the discharge state on the basis of the output signal output by the switching means and a prescribed threshold.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018095314-A (JP)
Title: Tray holder
Inventor: TANI AKIHIRO
IPC: B65D6/02
Filed: 2016-12-16
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tray holder which can take up an uppermost tray simply while inhibiting a sudden fall of a plurality of loaded trays.SOLUTION: A tray holder comprises a base which can put in a state that a plurality of trays are loaded, a front fence which contacts or adjoins to front edges of the trays loaded on the base while standing up from the base, a pair of side fences which contact and adjoin to side edges of the trays loaded on the base, alienate from the front fence by locating outer than side edges of the front fence or by locating front edges of the pair of side fences behind the front fence, while standing up from the base, and a back fence which contacts or adjoins to back edges of the trays loaded on the base while standing up from the base.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018100593-A (JP)
Title: Air compression device
Inventor: Le Thanh Nguyen
IPC: F03D1/04
Filed: 2016-12-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air compression device capable of being used without requiring power supply equipment.SOLUTION: An air compression device comprises: a cylindrical body 3; an impeller 4 provided inside the cylindrical body 3; a rotation shaft 5 rotatable coaxially with the impeller 4 about an axis; a cylindrical casing 6 accommodating a part of the rotation shaft 5; a rotation transmission mechanism 7 transmitting rotation of the impeller 4 to the rotation shaft 5 while increasing a rotational speed thereof; pistons 10 being connected to the rotation shaft 5 and accommodated in the casing 6 via crank parts 5a; cylinders 11 provided on an outer peripheral wall of the casing 6; introduction parts 11a provided on the cylinders 11 for introducing air into the inside of the cylinders 11; and discharge pipes 15 connected to the cylinders 11 for discharging compressed air compressed by the pistons 10 inside the cylinders 11, so that it is possible to provide the air compression device that can be used without requiring power supply equipment.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2017108411-A (JP)
Title: Channel quality information report in protected sub-frame
Inventor: ALEXANDER GOLITSCHEK EDLER VON ELBWART
IPC: H04L27/26
Filed: 2016-12-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of reporting channel state information in a communication system.SOLUTION: Channel state information is reported to a base station by a user apparatus. In response to that, a user terminal determines a value of first channel state information from a first set of values (indexes 1-15), and also determines a value 500 of second channel state information from a larger different set of values. The user terminal then calculates difference and other relative quantities between the value of the first channel state information and the value of the second channel state information, and transmits them to the base station.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2017052514-A (JP)
Title: Telescopic steering device
Inventor: NAGASAWA MAKOTO
IPC: B62D1/189
Filed: 2016-12-21
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a telescopic steering device having a structure in which, after assembling a front side assembly and a rear side assembly separately, work of inserting a spline shaft part into a spline hole can be performed while confirming a misalignment state of these holes visually.SOLUTION: A notch opening at a front end edge of an outer column is provided at an upper end part of a front end part of the outer column in a state of overlapping with an edge end part of an outer shaft in a radial direction. Thus, when performing insertion work, a misalignment state can be visually confirmed through the notch.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2018106813-A (JP)
Title: Electrode plate production apparatus
Inventor: KISHIMOTO NAOYA
IPC: H01M4/04
Filed: 2016-12-22
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrode plate production apparatus capable of producing an electrode plate while suppressing generation of a wrinkle.SOLUTION: An electrode plate production apparatus 100 is provided in which a forming part of electrode mixture layers 20 and 30, a pair of press rollers 120, a pair of nip rollers 130 and a tension roller 140 are included respectively in a forming position A, a pressing position B, a nipping position C, and a pressurizing position D that are provided along a conveying path of a current collecting foil 10, the forming part of the electrode mixture layer 20 forms the electrode mixture layers 20 and 30 on a surface providing a forming part of the current collecting foil 10 by an electrode mixture material, thus an electrode plate 1 is produced.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2018104940-A (JP)
Title: Vertical lift gate door
Inventor: MATSUDA JUMPEI
IPC: E05F15/665
Filed: 2016-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical lift gate door that does not impair the excellent appearance of a house even when installed at the entrance of a parking space or the like.SOLUTION: A vertical lift gate door includes a portal frame 1 framed by an upper frame 4 on both vertical frames 3, 3 standing vertically from the ground surface and an elevator plate 2, which is of an elongated rectangle shape hung between the two vertical frames 3, 3 and defines a large space 7 relative to the portal frame 1. Guide rollers provided at top opposite ends of the elevator plate 2 moves vertically along guides formed in the respective vertical frames 3. The upper frame 4 is equipped with a motor serving as a drive source for vertically moving the elevator plate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018106339-A (JP)
Title: Information processing apparatus, system, information processing method and program
Inventor: IRIE KENJI
IPC: G06T7/60
Filed: 2016-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information processing apparatus, a system, an information processing method and a program which are directed to more accurately measure the number of objects arranged in a queue.SOLUTION: Measurement processing in a measurement system comprises specifying an area of a queue from an input image, and measuring the number of objects arranged in the queue on the basis of the specified area of the queue. Further, the area occupied by the queue is specified by using a discriminator which recognizes the area. Further, the area of the queue is specified from the input image by using a recognizer which has preliminarily learnt on the basis of a learning image to which categories are given on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and movement information of objects extracted from the learning image.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2018102725-A (JP)
Title: Hemostatic instrument
Inventor: IDOGUCHI KOJI
IPC: A61F2/95
Filed: 2016-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hemostatic instrument with high operability, capable of quickly arresting hemorrhage at an injured part of a blood vessel, while securing a sufficient blood flow by a low-invasive and percutaneous approach without especially requiring an appropriate supply operation such as gas in emergencies.SOLUTION: A hemostatic instrument 100 includes: a cylindrical braided-body (a mesh stent 1) formed by braiding wires 1a; a first shaft (an inner tube 2) in which one end in the axial direction of the braided body is fixed to a distal end thereof; and a cylindrical second shaft (an outer tube 3) in which the other end in the axial direction of the braided body is fixed to the distal end thereof. At least any one of the first shaft and the second shaft is moved in a direction relatively not overlapped with the axial direction, so that the braided body is extended in the axial direction and reduced in the radial direction to be able to be inserted/retracted with respect to the blood vessel. At least one of the first shaft and the second shaft is moved in a direction relatively overlapped with the axial direction, so that the braided body is reduced in the axial direction and expanded in the radial direction so as to cover an injured part of the blood vessel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018102727-A (JP)
Title: Biological sound measurement device
Inventor: YAKURA NOBUKI
IPC: A61B7/04
Filed: 2016-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biological sound measurement device capable of precisely adjusting a biological sound without regard to a user's skill.SOLUTION: A biological sound measurement device 1 comprises: a head part 1a comprising a detection part 1s which is brought into contact with the body surface of a living body and detects a biological sound of the living body and a finger placing part 1au which is located on the opposite side from the pressure receiving surface 4s of the detection part 1s in contact with the body surface and can be touched with a finger; a body part 1b which is gripped by a user; and a connection part 1c which connects the head part 1a with the body part 1b and has flexibility.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2017125187-A (JP)
Title: Resin composition and molded article comprising the same
Inventor: MASAI YUYA
IPC: C08L69/00
Filed: 2016-12-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polyarylate resin composition having sufficiently excellent moist heat resistance.SOLUTION: The resin composition contains: a polyester resin (A); a polycarbonate resin (B); and at least one compound (C) selected from the group consisting of silicate compounds (c1) and metal oxides (c2). The mass ratio (A/B) of the polyester resin (A) to the polycarbonate resin (B) is 80/20-10/90. The compound (C) is contained in an amount of 0.1-1 pt.mass based on 100 pts.mass of the total amount of the polyester resin (A) and the polycarbonate resin (B).SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2017130196-A (JP)
Title: Recognition learning device, recognition learning method and program
Inventor: HACHIYA HIROTAKA
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2016-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recognition learning device capable of learning such as pre-training or fine tuning of a recognition device considering needs of a user.SOLUTION: Disclosed recognition learning device includes: generation means that generates a degree of association between a specific domain and a candidate of recognition object based on a piece of conceptual structure information which represents a conceptual structure of the specific domain; selection means that selects the recognition object from the candidates of the recognition object based on the degree of association generated by the generation means; and learning means that learns a recognition device using a piece of learning data relevant to the recognition object selected by the selection means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2017056337-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: ICHIHARA TAKAAKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2016-12-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine capable of suppressing a decrease in interest in a game.SOLUTION: A Pachinko machine 1 includes: a first control part MCG for performing control relating to a game including putout of winning balls in addition to generation processing of a control power supply; and a second control part SCG for executing a performance relating to a game progressed by the first control part MCG. A base plate of the first control part MCG includes: an insertion mounting area mounted such that a lead part provided in an electronic component is inserted into the base plate; and a surface mounting area mounted such that the lead part provided in the electronic component is placed on a surface of the base plate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 123
Patent JP-2016514521-A (JP)
Title: 粒子線装置用アクセサリーホルダー
IPC: A61N5/10
Filed: 2014-03-26
Abstract: 本発明は、粒子ビーム放射治療用装置のノズルに取付けられ、又は、ノズルと一体化されたアクセサリーホルダーに関する。アクセサリーは、アパーチャー部品、レンジフィルター、又は、ノズルの外部端と照射されるターゲットとの間のビーム経路中に置くことができる他の部品でもよい。アクセサリーホルダーは、アクセサリーをノズルから離れる又はノズルに向かうように変位させ、それによりアクセサリーをビームの方向の前後に変位させる第１変位手段と、アクセサリーをビームの経路に入る、又は、ビームの経路から外れるように変位させる第２変位手段とを有する。測定又は治療ステップは、治療により遮断されることなく、アクセサリーをビーム経路中に載置し、又は、ビーム経路外に載置して実行することができる。望ましい実施形態によれば、第１変位手段は、第２変位手段を支持するサポートロッドを線形動作させるように設計されたアクチュエーターアーム付きの偏心した軸を有し、第２変位手段は、アクセサリーが挿入されたスライド可能なドローアーを有する。
Patent JP-2016518022-A (JP)
Title: 導電性テープを含む太陽電池及びモジュール、並びにそれらの作製及び使用方法
IPC: C09J7/28
Filed: 2014-03-05
Abstract: 本開示の発明者は、太陽電池及びソーラーモジュールの前面及び／又は後面上の、銀ペースト及び／又は銀製バスバーをなくすか減らすかすれば、太陽電池及び／又はソーラーモジュールの総コストを、有利に下げられるということを認識した。本開示の発明者は、太陽電池又はソーラーモジュールの前面及び後面上の銀ペーストをなくす又はその量を減らすことは、導電性金属箔と非導電性接着剤とを含む半田付け可能なテープによって銀製バスバーを代替することによって可能になる、ということを認識した。
Patent JP-2016518429-A (JP)
Title: ファルネソイドｘ受容体調節物質としての、胆汁酸の１１−ヒドロキシル誘導体およびそのアミノ酸抱合体
IPC: A61P25/00
Filed: 2014-05-14
Abstract: 本発明は、式（Ｉ）の化合物またはその薬学的に許容できる塩、溶媒和物、もしくはアミノ酸抱合体［式中、Ｒ１はヒドロキシ基であり、Ｒ２、Ｒ３、Ｒ４、Ｒ５、およびＲ６は、本明細書に記載の通りである］を提供する。本発明は一般に、選択的ＦＸＲ作動薬ならびにそれらの製造方法および使用方法に関する。本発明はまた、有効量の、本発明の化合物またはその薬学的に許容できる塩、溶媒和物、もしくはアミノ酸抱合体を、必要としている対象者に投与することを含む、疾患および状態の治療方法または予防方法も提供する。一態様で、疾病または状態は、ＦＸＲ介在性である。【化１】
Patent JP-2016532246-A (JP)
Title: 周波数依存発光素子
IPC: H05B33/26
Filed: 2014-09-26
Abstract: 本明細書に記載されるエレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、一態様において、第一の電極および第二の電極、ならびに第一の電極と第二の電極との間に位置する発光層を含む。電流注入ゲートは、第一の電極と発光層との間、または第二の電極と発光層との間に位置する。いくつかの実施形態において、電流注入ゲートは半導体層を含み、半導体層は、第一の電極および第二の電極に印加される交流電圧周波数に応じて、第一の電極または第二の電極から半導体層を通る注入電流フローを制限する電子構造の半導体層である。
Patent JP-2017500766-A (JP)
Title: 再焦点合わせ可能画像
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2014-10-09
Abstract: 本発明の実施形態は、再焦点合わせ可能画像を提供することに向けられている。再焦点合わせ可能画像は、キャプチャされた後に、再焦点合わせされ得、または、異なる焦点距離を有するように調整され得る画像である。本明細書で説明する実施形態は、専用ハードウェアの必要なしに、スマートフォンなどのモバイルユーザデバイスを利用することができる。モバイルデバイスのカメラは、短い期間にわたって連続して一連の画像を撮影するように構成され得、一連の画像において、カメラの焦点距離は、各画像が異なる焦点距離を有するように変化させられる。画像スタックは、画像を位置合わせすることによって作成され、画像は、どの画像が画像スタックの各領域に関する最も高いコントラストを有する(すなわち、焦点があっている)のかを決定するために処理される。実施形態は、さらに、一連の画像のうちの第1の画像を表示することを含み得る。
Patent JP-2016533068-A (JP)
Title: 位置測定方法およびシステム
IPC: H04M1/00
Filed: 2014-07-19
Abstract: 地上ベースの位置測定システムの一部であるモジュールと衛星を利用した全地球測位システムの一部であるモジュールの両方を有する携帯機器の位置を測定する方法およびシステムがある。システムは遠隔システムを含む。携帯機器は、携帯機器の位置測定モジュールのうちの１つを起動するように構成され、起動するいずれかの位置測定モジュールの種類は、携帯機器が遠隔システムから受信するメッセージの位置測定モジュール種類データにしたがって選択される。携帯機器は遠隔システムとの間の接続を確立し、遠隔システムは測定位置を受信する。次回に携帯機器が使用する位置測定モジュールの種類を決定するか、携帯機器が次回にその位置を測定するまでの時間を決定する。遠隔システムから携帯機器に、携帯機器が次回に使用する決定された種類の位置測定モジュール及び又は携帯機器が次回にその位置を測定するまでの時間が決定されるを含むメッセージが送信される。
Patent JP-2016531423-A (JP)
Title: 電子デバイスのための電極表面改質層
IPC: H01L29/47
Filed: 2014-07-11
Abstract: 有機電子デバイスのための改質電極を調製するための方法であって、ここでこの改質電極は：（ｉ）Ｍ（ｔｆｄ）３（式中、ＭはＭｏ、ＣｒまたはＷである）および少なくとも１つの溶媒を含む溶液を、この電極の少なくとも１つの表面の少なくとも一部に堆積させる工程；および（ｉｉ）この溶媒の少なくとも一部を除去して、この電極上にこの表面改質層を形成する工程を含む方法が開示される。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2017501348-A (JP)
Title: 加圧ガス容器用バルブ装置
IPC: H01M8/04
Filed: 2014-11-15
Abstract: バルブハウジングと、バルブハウジングに導入される複数の機能部とを有する加圧ガス容器（２）用バルブ装置（４）。複数の機能部の一つは、開位置と閉位置との間で移動可能な弁体（５）を有する抽気弁（６）である。手動式作動部（１２）は、弁体（５）を少なくとも部分的な開位置に移動させるために設けられる。【選択図】図４
Patent JP-2017504366-A (JP)
Title: ホットメルト接着剤
IPC: C09J123/24
Filed: 2014-12-12
Abstract: 物品において構造体を構築する、ホットメルト接着剤を用いて製造したホットメルト接着剤材料及び物品。本接着剤材料は、通常、非晶性ポリマーを相溶生ポリマーとブレンドすることにより製造される。