Patent GB-994632-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to engines, pumps or the like
Inventor: HUGHES CECIL
IPC: F02B53/00
Filed: 1961-04-24
Abstract: 994,632. Rotary engines and pumps. ORBITAL ENGINEERING Ltd. April 12, 1962 [April 24, 1961; March 12, 1962], No. 14719/61. Heading F1F. A two stroke internal combustion engine comprises six cylinders 5 (Fig. 1), each in the form of a portion of a torus and contained in a casing 38 bolted to a drive shaft 46 and rotatably mounted on a stationary shaft 3 whose axis lies on the intersection of the planes in which the pitch circles of the tori lie. A piston 6 is provided in each cylinder, connected by gudgeon pins 13 to a spider 7 (see also Fig. 2) rotatably mounted on a bearing 8 whose axis is inclined to the axis of the shaft 3, so that as the casing rotates about the shaft 3 the pistons oscillate in the cylinders. Fuel-air mixture is drawn in through passages 45f, 33, 35 and inlet ports 36. The exhaust ports 37 may be connected to a manifold fixed to the casing, or to a stationary manifold, leakage between the relatively moving parts being overcome by a blower in the exhaust system. The inlet and exhaust timing may be controlled by non-rotating sleeves (Fig. 4, not shown) which cover and uncover the ports 36, 37. The position of these sleeves may be varied, for example, according to engine speed. Electrical supply to spark plugs 41 is provided by stationary plates (not shown) over which plug-caps 43 sweep. The engine is lubricated either by a dry sump system or by adding oil to the fuel The invention may also be applied to steam and hydraulic engines and to pumps. Balancing centrifugal forces. Each piston 6 (Fig. 2) is mounted on a sleeve 20 surrounding a ball 19 on one of the gudgeon pins 13. All but two of the pistons may slide along the gudgeon pins, either by the sleeves 20 sliding in the pistons (Fig. 2) or the balls 19 sliding over the gudgeon pins (Fig. 7). To allow for thermal expansion and to balance the centrifugal forces on the pistons, the pistons may slide radially relative to the balls 19, and are each connected by a link 56 and an eccentric 60a to balance weights 63, one on each side of the link. In another embodiment, hydraulic balancing means are used (Figs. 8 and 9). Each piston, except for two diametrically opposed pistons, is mounted on its gudgeon pin 13 by bushes 77 which surround a cylindrical portion 78 of the gudgeon pin. The piston 6 may slide over the bushes 77 radially of the engine and along the gudgeon pin. In the other two pistons, the bushes 77 are fixed to the pistons, but the projections 80 are omitted to allow radial movement. The chamber 81 within each piston communicates with a chamber 101 in an arm of the spider and in which there is a plunger 95. Centrifugal force on the plunger pressurises hydraulic fluid in the chambers 101 and 81, and balances the centrifugal force on the piston. Hydraulic fluid is supplied under pressure through a duct in the drive shaft 46 (Fig. 8) or the stationary shaft 3 and through non-return-valves 119 (Fig. 8) and 103 (Fig. 9). The chamber 101 is vented at 102 to stabilize the position of the plunger 95. The plunger 95 may be dispensed with, and hydraulic fluid be supplied by a pump whose delivery pressure varies as the square of the engine speed. Plant comprising two engines. Two engines may be mounted on the same axis (Fig. 5, not shown), preferably so close together that a corresponding combustion chambers are directly connected together. Alternatively, one of the engines may function as a compressor to supercharge and scavenge the remaining two stroke engine.