Patent GB-789639-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in coupling arrangements for electromagnetic wave transmission paths
IPC: H01R39/04
Filed: 1956-01-31
Abstract: 789,639. Waveguide couplings. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Jan. 31, 1956 [Feb. 2, 1955; Feb. 2, 1955], No. 3066/56. Class 40 (8). A broad-band coupling arrangement between a waveguide and another wave-transmission line, e.g. a further waveguide or a coaxial line, comprises a length of two-conductor line formed by opposed fins in the waveguide. As shown in Figs. 2 and 2A, fins 13, 14 form a two-conductor line between waveguides 11, 12 to which they are matched either by tapering as shown, or by a series of quarter-wave steps. Solid dielectric material may be interposed between the fins along the narrow section of the line. Wave energy polarized in the plane of the fins is coupled from waveguide 11 to waveguide 12 whilst energy having its plane of polarization perpendicular to the fins continues to propagate along waveguide 10. Thin plates 21 of lossy material may be provided for preventing the excitation of unwanted modes along the transistion section. This construction may be modified by providing two pairs of fins arranged parallel to each other on either side of the axes of the waveguides. By positioning these lines at the nodal points for the TE 12  mode this mode may be surpressed together with other unwanted higher-order modes. By duplicating the waveguide 12 and its coupling on the opposite side of the waveguide 11 a T-junction may be formed in which the coupled energy is divided equally between the branches. The guides 710, 810 of Fig. 7, are coupled by two lines E<SP>1</SP>, E<SP>11</SP> arranged in mutually perpendicular planes so as to provide separate paths for two orthogonally polarized waves. This form of coupling is effective for waves polarized in any direction since any plane-polarized wave may be resolved into two arbitrary orthogonal components. The coupling arrangement of the invention may also be applied to two spaced, axially-aligned guides (Fig. 5, not shown), where a certain amount of mutual displacement is desired. By rotating one guide with respect to the other a change in the plane of polarization may be effected. In the arrangement of Fig. 6 a circular waveguide 610 is coupled by pairs of fins 513, 514 and 613, 614 to two rectangular waveguides 630, 620, the axes of the waveguides and the planes of the pairs of fins making an angle # with each other. If #=45 degrees energy applied to the left-hand end of waveguide 610 having a plane of polarization E1 perpendicular to the fins 513, 514 will be equally divided between the rectangular guide 620 and the right-hand extension of the circular guide 610. Similar division of power occurs when energy is introduced at the other three terminals. The waveguiding paths E<SP>1</SP>, E<SP>11</SP> of Fig. 7, and the rectangular guides 630, 620 of Fig. 6, may be replaced by coaxial lines. In these constructions the couplings take the form shown in Fig. 8 where the fins 53, 54 are shown joined respectively to the outer and inner conductors 61 in the form of their plates of lossy material may be placed on either side of the fins 53, 54. Fig. 9A shows a construction in which two pairs of fins 253, 254 and 153, 154 are positioned side by side and joined respectively to coaxial lines 252, 152. By positioning the fins at nodal points for the TE 12  mode excitation of this mode may be suppressed.