Patent RU-2757612-C2 (RU)
Title: Apparatus for borehole drilling without soil removal
Inventor: ENTEL ALEKSANDR IZRAILEVICH
IPC: E21B7/30
Filed: 2020-04-19
Granted: 2021-10-19
Abstract: FIELD: building. 
     SUBSTANCE: invention relates to building, more specifically, to apparatuses for borehole drilling without soil removal, and can be used for drilling inclined and horizontal boreholes and trenchless laying of communications underground, in particular, under roads, bodies of water, buildings. The apparatus for borehole drilling without soil removal comprises a cylindrical body consisting of two parts - a front part and a rear part, movably interconnected and configured to be mutually displaced along the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. The front and rear parts of the body of the apparatus are mutually displaced by means of a hydraulic cylinder located longitudinally in the body of the apparatus. A conical working body is installed in the front end of the front part along the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. Transverse stops are installed in the front and rear parts of the body, configured to extend therefrom, wherein extension and retraction thereof are provided by separate hydraulic cylinders. The apparatus is equipped with hydraulic equipment located in the body and allowing for step movement of the apparatus in the soil by controlling the operation of a longitudinally located hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic cylinders of transverse stops in the front and rear parts of the body of the apparatus, simultaneously forming a borehole by means of compacting soil by the conical working body in the radial direction from the trajectory of movement of the apparatus. The working body is configured to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the apparatus, the drive of the working body is made in the form of a hydraulic motor and is installed in the front part of the body of the apparatus. The working body has a fixed nozzle at the front end thereof, provided with a plane inclined from the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. The dimensions and orientation of the inclined plane of the nozzle provide a possibility of changing the trajectory of movement of the apparatus in the soil when the fixed working body with the nozzle is pressed into the soil. The working body has a section with a screw protrusion allowing the working body to be screwed into the soil and the soil to be loosened with rotation thereof while the apparatus moves forward, and a section with a smooth surface from the side of the base of the working body, allowing the soil to be compacted in the radial direction when the apparatus moves forward. The transverse stops in the front and rear parts of the body of the apparatus are made in the form of hydraulic cylinder rods arranged in groups, with at least three hydraulic cylinders in each group sequentially one after another along the longitudinal axis of the apparatus, and the directions of the axes of the hydraulic cylinders in each group are distributed around the circumference in radial directions from the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. In the folded position, the ends of the rods do not protrude beyond the dimensions of the largest diameter of the apparatus with the working body. The connection between the front and rear parts of the body is formed by a hydraulic cylinder of longitudinal movement, attached by the sleeve thereof to one of the parts of the body, as well as by a hollow cylindrical part attached to another part of the body. The hollow cylindrical part is installed with a sliding fit along the outer surface of the sleeve of the hydraulic cylinder with an annular tight seal at the end thereof facing the sleeve of the hydraulic cylinder. A longitudinal guide is made on the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical part for the protrusion of the sleeve made at the end thereof facing the hollow cylindrical part to move along said guide. A first cover with a hollow cylindrical guide tube is installed in the hydraulic cylinder sleeve, on the side thereof attached to the body of the apparatus, and a second cover is installed on the other side of the sleeve, forming an annular gap between the inner surface of said cover and the outer surface of the hollow cylindrical guide tube of the first cover. A rod piston with an annular piston and a tube-shaped rod exiting the sleeve through an annular gap on the side of the second cover is installed in the annular cavity of the sleeve with a sliding fit on a hollow cylindrical guide tube of the first cover. The free end of the rod piston is fixed relative to the part of the body of the apparatus whereto the hollow cylindrical part is fixed. The hydraulic cylinder has two cavities: one cavity is formed by the inner surface of the first cover with a cylindrical guide tube, the inner surface of the sleeve, and the first annular surface of the piston of the rod piston, and the second cavity is formed by the inner surface of the sleeve, the inner surface of the second cover, the outer surface of the rod of the rod piston, and the second annular surface of the piston of the rod piston. The connection between the front and rear parts of the body of the apparatus ensures the operability of the apparatus in all working positions of the front and rear parts relative to each other due to the fact that the internal volumes thereof are in communication and the cables providing the transmission of electricity, signals and data between the elements of the electrical equipment of the apparatus and the pipelines ensuring the connection of the elements of the hydraulic equipment pass through the inner cavity of the first cover of the sleeve of the hydraulic cylinder with a hollow cylindrical guide tube and the inner cavity of the rod tube of the rod piston. Points of abutment of the moving parts of the apparatus contacting the soil to the stationary parts of the apparatus are made with seals preventing the entrance of soil into the body during operation of the apparatus. The end of the rear part of the body of the apparatus has a section of narrowing of the diameter towards the end, ensuring compaction of the soil and reduction in restricting forces during reverse movement of the apparatus through the borehole. The end of the rear part of the body of the apparatus is also configured to supply electric cables to the apparatus. A hydraulic pump with an electric engine as a drive, a hydraulic accumulator maintaining the working pressure, a tank for a working fluid are also located in the body of the apparatus. The apparatus is equipped with a control unit for the electrical and hydraulic equipment. The hydraulic equipment includes pipelines, shut-off valves, safety valves, throttle valves, hydraulic distribution valves providing a possibility to control the operation of the hydraulic cylinders and the hydraulic motor of the apparatus and implement the modes of step movement of the apparatus forward, backward, rotation and fixation of the working body, by being controlled with the control unit. The hydraulic equipment has separate pipeline circuits for controlling the operation of the hydraulic motor of the working body, the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of longitudinal movement and the operation of the hydraulic cylinders of the transverse stops, configured for the pressure level to be controlled in each of the circuits. The hydraulic equipment provides a possibility of separate control of the operation of groups of hydraulic cylinders of the transverse stops: separately in the front part and separately in the rear part, as well as control of the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of longitudinal movement and the hydraulic motor of the working body. The apparatus is equipped with a sensor of the shaft position of the working body. The apparatus is equipped with a navigation tool allowing for control of the parameters of the position of the apparatus in the soil. 
     EFFECT: technical results are an increase in the reliability of the apparatus, expansion of the functionality of the apparatus and the possibility of application thereof. 
     20 cl, 2 dwg