Patent GB-730562-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the refining of crude petroleum
IPC: C10G45/02
Filed: 1951-10-18
Abstract: Products of reduced sulphur content are obtained from crude petroleum by passing the crude petroleum to a hydrofining zone, separating from each other the gaseous and liquid components of the products from the hydrofining zone without reduction of temperature or pressure, and passing these gaseous and liquid components to distillation zones for the recovery of the desired products.  In the hydrofining zone, the petroleum is passed in admixture with hydrogen over a sulphur-resistant hydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure so that sulphur present in the petroleum is converted to hydrogen sulphide.  The preferred catalyst is of the cobalt molybdate type, such as oxides of cobalt and molybdenum deposited on or incorporated in alumina or other support.  The hydrofining zone may be operated at a temperature of 750-850 DEG  F. and a pressure of 500-150 lb./sq. in.  In the Figure, crude petroleum (which, according to the Provisional Specification, may be a topped crude) is fed via line 10, heater 11 and lines 12 and 16 to guard chamber 17 wherein the oil is contacted, in the presence of hydrogen introduced through lines 38 and 13, heater 14 and lines 15 and 16, with a bauxite catalyst in <PICT:0730562/III/1> order to remove traces of metals such as sodium and vanadium, according to the process of Specification 729,303.  The oil and hydrogen then pass to the hydrofining zone 18 containing a hydrogenation catalyst of the cobalt molybdate type.  The products of the hydrofining reaction pass directly to separator 19 without reduction of temperature or pressure, the gaseous products leaving the separator via line 20 and cooler 22, and the liquid products leaving via reducing valve 43 (which lets the pressure down to atmospheric) and line 44.  The gaseous and liquid products pass to distillation columns 21 and 45 respectively, column 21 operating at plant pressure and column 45 operating under vacuum. If desired the gaseous products may enter column 21 via line 57, hydrogen being supplied via line 58, while superheated steam may be supplied to column 45.  Residue from column 21 also passes into line 44 and enters column 45.  The overhead fraction from column 21 passes via line 23 to cooler 24 and separator 25 operating under plant pressure, and a gaseous product consisting of hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and light hydrocarbons is removed from separator 25 via line 26.  A liquid product consisting of heavy benzine leaves separator 25 via line 27, but some of this liquid product is recycled through line 28 to column 21.  Sidestreams, such as heavy naphtha, kerosine and gas oil streams passing through lines 39, 40 and 41 respectively are withdrawn from column 21, each stream passing through heat exchanger 42.  Gaseous products from line 26 pass to tower 29 operating under plant pressure and atmospheric temperature, wherein they are scrubbed with a liquid such as gas oil or kerosine, which absorbs hydrogen sulphide and light hydrocarbons, the remaining hydrogen-rich gas passing via line 36 for recycle.  The enriched scrubbing liquid from tower 29 passes through reducing valve 30 and line 31 to flash chamber 32, operating at atmospheric pressure and temperature, wherein the hydrogen sulphide and light hydrocarbons are separated and the lean scrubbing liquid recycled via line 35 to tower 29.  The overhead product from column 45 passes through cooler 46 to receiver 47 and a vacuum gas oil is removed via line 48 though some may be recycled to column 45 through line 47a. Various sidestreams for use in the production of lubricating oils and waxes are removed from column 45 via lines 51 while the bottoms product is passed through heater 53 and returned to the column via line 54, a bitumen product being withdrawn through line 55.  Specification 710,342 also is referred to.