baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FI-94822-B (FI)
Title: Working method and arrangement for regeneration areas
Inventor: ISOPOUSSU PEKKA JOHANNES
IPC: A01B35/16
Filed: 1994-06-28
Granted: 1995-07-31
Abstract: The invention concerns a cultivation method and cultivation equipment for regeneration areas, in which method all the necessary work for reforestation, such as screefing, harrowing, ploughing, grassing, drainage work, etc., can be carried out using an excavator 2 and cultivation equipment 1. The cultivation equipment 1 is attached to the bucket 5 and it consists of side beams 8 which are articulated on the cross-beam 7 and to which the harrowing members 16 are secured by chains 14. The cultivation equipment 1 greatly increases the working range of the bucket 5. During transport, the side beams 8 are folded in closer to each other. This same folding makes the working grooves radial in relation to the excavator 2. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-120150-B (FI)
Inventor: BOIME IRVING
IPC: C12N15/63
Filed: 1996-04-11
Granted: 2009-07-15
Abstract: Single-chain forms of the glycoprotein hormone quartet, at least some members of which are found in most vertebrates, are disclosed. In one embodiment of these single-chain forms, the  alpha  and  beta  subunits of the wild-type heterodimers or their variants are covalently linked, optionally through a linker moiety. A drug may further be included within the linker moiety to be targeted to receptors for these hormones. Some of the single-chain forms are agonists and others antagonists of the glycoprotein hormone activity. Another embodiment of the single-chain compounds of the invention comprises two  beta  subunits of the glycoprotein hormones, which  beta  subunits are the same or different. These "two- beta " forms are antagonists of glycoprotein hormone activity.
Patent FI-114916-B (FI)
Title: New tri:cyclic pyridazino:pyridine derivs. - used as excitatory aminoacid antagonists for treating neurological disorders, e.g stroke or epilepsy.
Inventor: BARE THOMAS MICHAEL
IPC: A61K31/5025
Filed: 1997-03-03
Granted: 2005-01-31
Abstract: (4,5-b)quinoline-1,10-dione derivs. and tricyclic hetero-fused pyridazino-pyridine analogues of formula (I) and their salts and tautomers are new, including B-ring tautomers or reduced derivs. of formula (I'):Z = O, S or NH; Z1 = H, OH, SH or NH2; ring A = ortho-fused phenyl, pyridyl, furyl,etc.; R4 = halo, Q, NO2, CN, 1-3C perfluoroalkyl, OH,etc.;R1 = H or -(CH2)nL; L = M or W; M = e.g. (i) phenyl (or benzo deriv.), opt. substd. by 1-4 of OQ, 2-4C alkenyloxy, 2-4C alkynyloxy,-OCOQ'-phenyl,etc.;(ii) 5-7 membered heterocyclyl contg. 1-3 of O, N and S as heteroatoms,etc.;or (iii) heteroaryl (or benzy deriv.) including pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, gps. contg. 2 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S (e.g. pyrazole, imidazol etc.);W = OH, ORa, OCORa, S(O)mRa, S(O)mNRaRb,etc.;W may also be CORa, NRaCORb,etc., if n is other than zero; n = 0-6;R2 = H or (CH2)nL'; L' = M' or W; M' = e.g. (i) phenyl (or benzo deriv.), opt. substd. by 1-3 of 1-3 of OQ, OH, halo, NO2,etc.; R = H or Q; Ra,Rb = H, Q, 2-4C alkenyl, 2-4C alkynyl,etc.; m = 0-2; Q = 1-4C alkyl (or alkylene if appropriate); Q' = 1-6C alkyl (or alkylene if appropriate); provided that R1 and R2 are not both H.
Patent HU-202811-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing benzophenone derivatives and fotopolymerizable compositions containing them
Inventor: GREEN PETER NICHOLL
IPC: G03F7/031
Filed: 1989-03-16
Abstract: A compound of general formula <CHEM> in which X<-> represents one equivalent of an anion; R<5> represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; each R<4> independently represents a methyl or ethyl group; and each of R<1> , R<2> and R<3> independently represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an arylthio group or a group of formula <CHEM> in which R<4> , R<5> and X have the meanings given above, are useful as water soluble co-polymerisable photoinitiators.
Patent HU-190691-B (HU)
Inventor: CSIKOS REZSOE
IPC: C08L95/00
Filed: 1982-06-09
Abstract: A találmány szerint úgy járunk el, hogy egyik komponensként 2-95 tömeg% a pírolízisolaj stabilizációjakor keletkező pirolizis nehézgyantát, amelynek a lágyuláspontja 40-110 °C, másik komponensként 98-5 tömeg%-ban a kőolaj-feldolgozás során képződő vákuumdesztillác-iós mardékot vagy belőle desztillációval, extrakcióval, oxidációval előállított bitument kevernek össze 20-200 °C-kal, előnyösen 50-80 °C-kal a magasabb lágyuláspontú komponens lágyulási hőmérséklete felett. 190691 -1-
Patent HU-203793-B (HU)
Title: Process for enzyme-catalytical resolving 2-(alkoxy- and phenoxy)-propionic acids
Inventor: BODNAR JUDIT
IPC: C12P41/00
Filed: 1989-05-12
Abstract: Racemic 2-alkoxy-, and 2-(aryl-alkoxy)- propionic acids of general formula CH3-CH(OR1)-COOH (I) (where R1 = 1-6C alkyl-, alkenyl-, phenyl-, mono- or multi-substd, phenyl gp.), are resolved into (S) and (R) optical isomers by enzyme catalysed asymmetric esterification, followed by sepn. of the optically active ester and optically active unreacted acid. Asymmetric esterification takes place in the reaction mix which contains 0.002-2% initial water, using an aliphatic alcohol and in the medium of an aliphatic solvent sparingly miscible with water. - An initial acid:alcohol molar ratio = 1:0.05-1:20 is maintained. Esterification is catalysed by a stereospecific lipase enzyme which is stable in the relevant solvent and is either in free or fixed state. A 5-60 deg.C reaction temp. is used
Patent HU-193778-B (HU)
Inventor: ERDELYI ISTVAN
IPC: G01R31/00
Filed: 1985-06-18
Abstract: A találmány tárgya mérőberendezés kommutátoros villamos gépek kefeszikrázásának vizsgálatára, empirikus eseményeloszlás — fényfeszültség amplitúdó függvényének meghatározásával, amely mérőberendezésben fényt vagy sugárzott teljesítményt érzékelő mérőfej (ek) (3) és a mérőfej (ek) re (3) csatlakozó mérőcsatorna (’k) (4) van(nak). A találmánynak az a lényege, hogy a szikrázás helyének meghatározására alkalmas szögelfordulás vagy szöghelyzet érzékelő szög- adója (8) van, amely szögadó (8) kimenete a mérőcsatorná(k)ban (4) levő szöghelyzet jelfeldolgozó és jelformáló egység(ek) (6) szögjel bemeneté(ei) re van kötve, míg a szöghelyzet jelfeldolgozó és jelformáló egység(ek) (6) detektor vezérlő jel kimenete(i) a mérőcsatornáik) bán (4) levő olyan jelelőfeldolgozó(k) (5) ütemjel bemeneté (ei) re van (nak) kötve, amely jelelőfeldolgozó(k) (5) fényfeszültség bemeneté (ei) re van (nak) a mérőfej (ek) (3) kimenete (i) csatlakoztatva. (1. ábra)  1 ábra -1-
Patent HU-191705-B (HU)
Inventor: STIEGLER FRANK
IPC: A61M16/00
Filed: 1984-06-29
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Spitzendruck-Mess- und Warngeraet mit elektronischer Impulsverkuerzungsschaltung zur Messung der Spitzen- und Momentanwerte des Beatmungsdruckes. Es ist gekennzeichnet durch signalverknuepfte Schaltkreise, die in mindestens drei in Reihe geschalteten Gatterstrecken einer Signalpegel-Wechselschaltung angeordnet und mit Anzeigetableaus einer Anzeigeeinheit verbunden sind. Mit dem geschaffenen Ueberwachungskomfort fuer eine Narkose- oder Therapiebeatmung werden die Spitzen- oder Momentanwerte des Beatmungsdruckes, seine Ueber- oder Unterschreitung gegenueber eingestellten Grenzwerten sowie eine Unterschreitung der Minimalfrequenz der Beatmung mit unterscheidbaren Warneffekten optimal angezeigt.
Patent HU-197960-B (HU)
Inventor: MARTON JOZSEF
IPC: F16T1/12
Filed: 1986-07-18
Abstract: A találmány tárgya termodinamikus kondenzvízleválasztó berendezés, melyet hőcserélő rendszerekben, gőzzel működtetett szárítókban, központi fűtésrendszerekben, stb. lehet alkalmazni. Felépítése szerint beömlő nyílása és a kondenzvizet a szelepen átbocsátó szűrője (6) van, míg a szeleptesten (1) belül kialakított térben lévő betéten (3) és a szeleptesten egyaránt körgyűrű alakú vályú (9) van kiképezve, a betéten centrális helyzetű primér furat (13) van kimunkálva és a betét körgyűrű alakú vályúját (9) a belső és külső szelepülésekre (11, 12) felfekvő szeleptányér (4) zárja le, a szeleptányér (4) valamint a zárófedél (5) között viszont vezérlőkamra van kialakítva; a berendezésre az jellemző, hogy a szeleptest (1) körgyűrű alakú vályúiból (9) három, egymáshoz képest 120°-os szögben elrendezett szimmetrikus helyzetű kondenzfurat (14) torkollik a kiömlőnyíláshoz (8) vezető csatornába, maga a szelep pedig tűszelepként (15) van kialakítva. 5 14 3 12 10 11 4 13 1   2  1 ábra -1-
Patent HU-207972-B (HU)
Title: Coagulator for drinking-water-purifying systhem with container of modul systhem
Inventor: BAN FERENC
IPC: C02F1/52
Filed: 1989-07-24
Abstract: Equipment comprises chemical dosing, coagulator, flocculator, settler and opt. a fast filtration module. The coagulator is connected to the chemical dosing unit(s) by the chemical injection pipes and to the flocculator by the pre-treated water pipes. The flocculator is provided with a mechanical mixer, the upper part of the settler with clarifier plates, and its lower part with perforated pipes leading to the sludge discharge. - Typically, the coagulator is fitted with guide plates and the raw water pipe is connected to the bottom part of the settler and terminated in a pulsator section equipped with perforated pipes and a valve. - Raw water is introduced into the closed, pressurised space of the coagulator and brought to a turbulent state. At the same time its contaminant content is destabilised by the addition of chemicals. The flocculated water is settled, while the water below the settled material layer is subjected to periodic pressure waves, by introducing raw water simultaneously at a large number of points.(Dwg.0/1)
Patent HU-200601-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing 7-oxoprostacycline derivatives
Inventor: NICKOLSON ROBERT C
IPC: C07C57/52
Filed: 1981-09-17
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP81/00148 Sec. 371 Date May 17, 1982 Sec. 102(e) Date May 17, 1982 PCT Filed Sep. 17, 1981 PCT Pub. No. WO82/01002 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 1, 1982.Prostacyclin, although having a useful dilating effect on blood vessels, is not sufficiently stable to ensure successful use as a hypotensive agent. A 7-oxo prostacyclin derivative of the general formula   <IMAGE> (I)  in which R1 represents the radical OR3 wherein R3 represents hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched optionally substituted, (C1-C10)alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, or R1 represents the radical NHR4 wherein R4 represents hydrogen, or a group derived from an unsaturated or saturated, unsubstituted or substituted, (C1-C15)organic carboxylic or sulphonic acid, A represents -CH2-CH2-, cis-CH=CH- or trans-CH=CH-, W represents  <IMAGE>   either having a free or functionally modified hydroxy group which may be in the alpha - or  beta -position, D and E together represent a direct bond, or D represents a straight-chain or branched, unsaturated or saturated, optionally substituted (C1-C10)alkylene, and E represents oxygen or a direct bond, R2 represents a straight-chain or branched optionally substituted, (C1-C10)alkyl, a straight-chain or branched optionally substituted, (C2-C10)alkenyl, or, where D and E together represent a direct bond, a straight-chain or branched optionally substituted (C2-C6)alkynyl, and R5 represents a free or functionally modified hydroxy group, has proved to have not only a hypotensive and bronchodilative action, for example, but also an increased stability over prostacyclin. Advantages in medicinal use over other prostaglandins have also been found.
Patent HU-193139-B (HU)
Inventor: VARGA ZOLTAN
IPC: F16K7/17
Filed: 1985-12-11
Abstract: a találmány a beavatkozószerv előtti, gyengítetlen nyomást veszi igénybe erre a célra. Az eljárás értelmében a beavatkozószerv nyitását az azon átáramló közegnek a fojtóelemre gyakorolt nyomóereje, zárását a fojtóelemre ellentétesen ható ellennyomó közeg nyomóereje végzi, amit a beavatkozószerv előtti áramlási térből vezetünk a fojtóelemhez, az ellennyomó közegnek alacsonyabb nyomású helyre (célszerűen a beavatkozószerv utáni áramlási térbe) való kijutását pedig változtatható keresztmetszetű kivezetés útján biztosítjuk. A berendezés fojtóelemet (21) tartalmazóbeavatkozószerve (19) a fojtóelemmel (21) határos nyomókamrával (4) rendelkezik, ami vezérlő cső (5) útján össze van kötve az áramlási térnek a beavatkozószerv (19) előtti, és célszerűen az utáni részével, és legalább az ellennyomó közeg kivezetés változtatható keresztmetszetű. A keresztmetszet változtatás célszerűen a beavatkozószerv (19) utáni nyomás függvényében, vezérlőszeleppel (7) történhet, ilyen módon szabályozva a beavatkozószervben (19) a fojtás mértékét. Tárgya a találmánynak az eljárás foganatosítására szolgáló vezérlő szelep is, ami az áramló közeg (beavatkozó szerv utáni) nyomása által működtetett dugattyúhoz (12) kapcsolt nyakas szeleptű (14) révén zárja-nyitja a nyomóközeg kiáramlását meghatározó szelepnyílást (16). (2,3. ábra).  •lábra -1-
Patent HU-203782-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing cholesterol-oxidase enzyme
Inventor: SZAKACS GYOERGY
IPC: C12N9/00
Filed: 1989-09-15
Abstract: Cholesterol oxidase enzyme is prepd. by culturing Rhodococcus sp. TUB B58 gp. microorganisms deposited under No. (P) B001003 NCAIM (National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial in Microorganisms, as a submerged aerobic culture. The culture media contains available carbon and nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, surfactants acid antifoam. Cholesterol oxidase is isolated from the fermentation brew
Patent HU-209870-B (HU)
Title: Fastening element
Inventor: FISCHER ARTUR
IPC: F16B13/04
Filed: 1990-12-19
Abstract: 2.1. Fastening elements having an expanding cone and an expanding element which can be pushed thereon can be anchored in a positively locking manner in drilled holes having undercuts. In the case of drilled holes having a very small drilled hole depth, special requirements are placed on the fastening elements. 
<??>2.2. A fastening element (5) is proposed especially for the fastening of facade plates, on the expanding cone (6) of which fastening element (5) there rests a ring (7), which is bent in a roof shape, as the expanding element. For anchorage in the drilled hole, the ring (7) is pushed onto the expanding cone (6) and is largely pressed flat thereby, lateral edges of the ring (7) being braced on the wall of the drilled hole. 
<IMAGE>
Patent IT-1240277-B (IT)
Title: Multiple-spiral chain with linked basket elements and method for producing this
IPC: A44C/
Filed: 1990-05-04
Granted: 1993-12-03
Abstract: Multiple-spiral chain with linked basket elements and method for producing this, aimed at the gold, silver and jewellery industry in general. It consists both of a chain with basket elements, each of which is linked to at least two others following it giving rise to a rope type chain with more than two projecting helical ribs 1, and of the method of producing the baskets and simultaneously linking them together (Figs. 1 and 3).
Patent LV-14025-B (LV)
Title: Method for possibility prolong shelf-life of salads containing several ingredients with mayonnaise
Inventor: LEVKANE VITA
IPC: A23L29/00
Filed: 2009-08-04
Abstract: This invention refers to food industry, particularly to processing "ready-to-eat foods". The essence of invention is as follows: salads containing several ingredients and mayonnaise (salad group) are packed in individual plastic containers, from which substantially all air has been removed, after that containers are sealed by heat-treating. After vacuum-treating and sealing there are used "Sous vide" technology: proof sample is pasteurized in convection steam oven by "Moist heat" method, with current humidity 100% in cooking chamber at temperature +65 oC ±0.5 oC, total thermal treating time within 80 min, including warming up 20 min, holding time 20 min at constant temperature +63 oC ±1 oC and following cooling time 40 min till temperature +5 oC ±1 oC in the defrosting chamber.
Patent LV-10495-B (LV)
Inventor: COCHRAN MARK A
IPC: A61K39/12
Filed: 1993-05-14
Abstract: Bakulovīrusa-insekta šūnu vektora sistēmu izmanto par efektīvu eikatiotisku klonēšanas
un ekspresijas metodi rekombinantu proteīnu iegūšanai. Šo sistēmu izmanto, lai ekspresētu vairākus potenciālus
vakcīnu imunogēnus, kas iegūti no cilvēka imunodeficīta vīrusa HIV apvalka gēna. Konstruēti rekombinanti
bakulovīrusi, kas ekspresē vairākus apvalka gēna apgabalus, ieskaitot gp160 un gp120. Rekombinanto HIV
bakulovīrusu ekspresija insektu šūnās producē glikoproteīnus, kas reaģē arHlV-specifiskuserumu. No dažiemšītipa
rekombinantiem iegūtie HIV antigēni ir sekmīgi izmantoti dažādās imūndiagnostikas metodēs, ieskaitot metodi
ELISA , VVESTERN BLOTTING un radioimunoprecipitācijas metodi.
Patent LV-10618-B (LV)
Title: A novel derivatives of thienothiazine, method for preparing thereof and use
Inventor: BINDER DIETER
IPC: A61K31/54
Filed: 1993-07-03
Abstract: The invention relates to thienothiazine derivatives of the general formula <IMAGE>  in which   X is a single bond, a straight-chain or branched carbon chain with 1-12 C atoms in the chain, it being possible for this chain to contain one or more double or triple bonds and/or one or more heteroatoms,   Y is a single bond and R is hydrogen, a monocyclic or polycyclic, optionally partially hydrogenated aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, arylaza, heteroarylaza, arylthio or heteroarylthio radical which can optionally be substituted by lower alkyl, mono- or polyhalogenated lower alkyl, perfluorinated lower alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, with the proviso that R is not hydrogen when X and Y are a single bond, a process for their preparation and their use.
Patent LV-11609-B (LV)
Title: Process for producing of zinc borates and copper borates
Inventor: SVARCA JEVGENIJA
IPC: C01B35/12
Filed: 1995-05-05
Abstract: This invention relates to the chemical industry, more precisely to the production technology of zinc and copper borates - fire-retardant and preparations of trace elements. During synthesis of fire-retardant (trizinc decarbonate tetradecahydrate) a large amount of waste is produced. This is growth solution, which contains boric acid. The purpose of the invention is to use the growth solution for production of zinc and copper borate in a single non-waste cycle.The growth solution after filtering of trizinc decarbonate tetradecahydrate is used for synthesis of dizinc hexaborate heptahydrate, by adding zinc sulphate and borax. The growth solution after filtering dizinc hexaborate heptahydrate is used for synthesis of the second portion. But after the second filtering it is for production of copper borate 3CuO.2B2O3.nH2O.mNa2SO4. It is produced by adding to growth solution copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide so that the mole ratio between CuSO4:H3BO3:NaOH would be within the range 1:3:3 - 1:4:3. The growth solution, which is left after filtering of copper borate, could be used as a timber preservative.
Patent LV-11978-B (LV)
Inventor: LARSEN PETER H
IPC: A23C3/00
Filed: 1997-11-14
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE95/00864 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 16, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 16, 1998 PCT Filed Jul. 17, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/36238 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 21, 1996A method for continuous production of consumer milk with a variable fat content including microfiltration of a flow of skim milk. From the microfilter there is obtained a retentate flow and a permeate flow. The permeate flow of skim milk is subjected to a heat treatment and is then mixed with a partial flow of high temperature treated cream product in a desired amount. From this, there is obtained consumer milk with a good keeping quality.
Patent NO-169403-B (NO)
Inventor: FROST KENNETH
IPC: F21V21/02
Filed: 1986-05-22
Abstract: A fastening device (1) for carrying a lighting fixture in carrying sections supporting ceiling slabs in a suspended ceiling structure consists of a plate member (1) with a first edge portion (10), at least one gripping finger (11) which projects in the direction of the first edge portion (10), and forming with it a clamping fork for thrusting over the horizontal flange of the carrying section. The plate member (1) further has a second edge portion (17) in the opposite direction to the first portion (10). Both edge portions (10, 17) are mutually parallel and connected by a web (16) so that the gripping finger (11) is placed in the area between the planes of said edge portions (10, 17).
Patent NO-169185-B (NO)
Inventor: NILSEN BJARNE
IPC: E04F15/20
Filed: 1990-05-02
Abstract: A resilient sports floor comprising a top layer (1), which is designed to be a coherent sheet consisting of boards (2). In each board (2) recesses are provided in the shape of mutually parallel grooves (7) along the entire length of the board (2), in which grooves (7) strips (8) of a springy resilient material, e.g. a natural or synthetic rubber material or a porous, springy plastic material, are inserted. The thickness of strips (8) is larger than the depth of grooves, so that the strips project below the underside of layer (1) with their lower portion. The floor is provided with the free surface of strips (8) directly against a rigid sub-floor (9). In case of extremely high loads strips (8) will be pressed into grooves (7), so that the strips are relieved due to the fact that the floor is in direct contact with the sub-floor (9) with its underside. <IMAGE>
Patent NO-173381-B (NO)
Title: Barnesikret lukkeanordning med helletrakt for granulert eller pulverformet materiale
Inventor: ANSNES ELLEF
IPC: B65D/
Filed: 1991-05-15
Abstract: Bamesikret åpne- og lukkeanordning med helletraki for bruk i pakker, sjaktler, bokser og kanner i ulike utforminger, størrelser og materialer inneholdende pulver eller granulat, samt nuddel og framgangsmåte for dens framstiling i en sammenhengende enhet der en ramme (1) er utformet til å passe rundt en dertil egnet åpning i pakningen og hvor et lokk (5) som tetter rammens åpning (33) bg låses mot rammen, i underkant er hengslet (8) til denne og hvor den siden av lokket som vender inn i forpakningen danner bunnen (30) i en trakt med sidevegger (36) for uthelling av pakkens innhold når lokket frigjøres, trekkes ut og fastholdes i åpen posisjon for så å skyves inn i rammen ved lukking. Rammnes sider (3) i front har utsparinger. (17) ved låsearmens stamme (11). Hvor det på rammens bakside i overside (20) og sider (21) rundt åpningen i ramme er en krage (24) og ved rammens underside en terskel (25) inn mot rammens åpning. Oversiden av rammens forside er forsynt med en utsparing (15) fra ytterkant av ramme (1) mot anleggsflaten (29). Sidene i front (3) har utsparinger (14) i et avgrenset område. Baksiden av ramme (1) har utsparinger som gir maksimal lik godstykkelse for rammen. Låsing på kun en av rammen»; sider (3) hvor den motstående har lik utforming i lengderetningen (37). Nagleemner (38) ul feste ved smelting av hoder (39) som mothold. Framstilling skjer ved støping i et plastisk materiale i et verktøy som i sitt hulrom for dette danner produktet i en sammenhengende enhet Ved forsegling av forlengelse av lokk (6) ved punktvis sammensmelting til anleggsflate (29).
Patent SE-318417-B (SE)
Inventor: SKAGERLUND L
IPC: G02B27/40
Filed: 1968-04-18
Abstract: 1,262,938. Optical apparatus. BOFORS A.B. April 18, 1969 [April 18, 1968], No.20045/69. Heading G2J. To facilitate the location of a target for a receiver 1 of a laser range finder the receiver diaphragm 3 is provided with a reflecting surface 5 so that light entering through the receiver objective 2 is part reflected back through the objective 2 to a reflector which deflects the light so that the target image may be observed. The deflector may comprise a single mirror 9, a pair of mirrors or a prism. The light may be deflected into a directional telescope (10) Fig.2 (not shown) and the diaphragm 3 may be provided with a reticle.