Patent GB-620127-A (GB)
Title: Production of new products useful for decorative and protective coating compositionsand the like
Filed: 1945-10-31
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of fatty acid polymers which may be used as substitutes for drying oils in decorative and protective coating compositions and the like, comprises heating long-chain aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids such as occur in fats and fatty oils and contain from 6 or 8 carbon atoms up to about 26 or more, with acetic anhydride or other lower fatty acid anhydride having not more than 4 carbon atoms to the molecule, removing the acetic acid or other lower fatty acid from the reaction mixture by fractional distillation as it is formed, and adding fresh acetic or other lower fatty acid anhydride progressively, equivalent in amount to the acetic acid or other lower fatty acid removed, until the product has the required viscosity, and removing any residual acetic or other lower fatty acid and acetic or other lower fatty anhydride therefrom. The reaction may take place at from approximately 200 DEG  C. to approximately 260 DEG  C.  In an example: 2400 parts of distilled linseed oil acids are heated to approximately 240-245 DEG  C. with 800 parts of technical 90 per cent acetic anhydride and a further 449 parts of anhydride then slowly added while this temperature is maintained and the acetic acid formed, together with some of the anhydride, is distilled off through a fractionating column.  The heating is continued until the residue has a viscosity of V to W on the Gardner-Holdt scale and the remaining acetic acid and acetic anhydride are removed by vacuum distillation at approximately 210 DEG C. and 3 to 5 mm. absolute pressure.  Other examples refer to modified stearic acid, soya bean oil acids, coconut oil acids, oleic acids, caprylic acids, and dehydrated castor oil acids.  In addition the acids from other naturally occurring fatty oils, such as the fish oils, chinawood oil, oiticica oil, peanut oil, &c., may be used. Saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid and coconut oil acids yield solid and oily non-drying polymers which may be used in polishes, and as softening agents and plasticizers for various coatings.  Examples are given of the preparation of ester gum varnishes with the new products and of the preparation of enamels with these varnishes.ALSO:Fatty acid polymers which may be used in varnish manufacture with alkyd resins, ester gums, &c. are obtained by heating long chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, such as occur in fats and fatty oils and contain from 6 or 8 carbon atoms up to about 26 or more, with acetic anhydride or other lower fatty acid anhydride having not more than four carbon atoms to the molecule removing the acetic or other lower fatty acid from the reaction mixture by fractional distillation as it is formed, and adding fresh acetic or other lower fatty acid anhydride progressively equivalent in amount to the acetic or other lower fatty acid removed, until the product has the required viscosity and removing any residual acetic acid or other lower fatty acid and acetic or other lower fatty acid anhydride therefrom.  The temperature may be approximately 200 DEG to 260 DEG  C.  In an example, 2400 parts of distilled linseed oil acids are heated to approximately 240 DEG  to 245 DEG  C. with 800 parts of technical 90 per cent acetic anhydride and a further 449 parts of anhydride then slowly added while this temperature is maintained and the acetic acid formed together with some of the anhydride is distilled off through a fractionating column.  Any free acetic anhydride remaining behind is subsequently removed from the product by distillation at approximately 210 DEG  C. and 3 to 5 mm. absolute pressure.  The product is very viscous, its iodine value is substantially the same as that of the original fatty acids and when exposed to the air in thin films at ordinary temperatures, it solidifies in a few hours.  In other examples, the fatty acids used are stearic, distilled soya bean oil acids, distilled coconut oil acids, oleic acid, caprylic acid and distilled dehydrated castor oil acids. Reference is also made to the use of acids from other naturally occurring animal and vegetable oils such as the fish oils, chinawood oil, oiticica oil, and peanut oil.  Examples are given of the use of the fatty acid derivatives in the preparation of varnishes and enamels made from ester gums, pentaerythritol-abietic esters or alkyd resins, additional ingredients being mineral spirits, cobalt naphthenate, soya bean lecithin, lithopone silica, barium base titanium dioxide pigment, powdered asbestos.ALSO:Fatty acid polymers which may be used in varnish manufacture are obtained by heating long chain aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids, such as occur in fats and fatty oils and contain from 6 or 8 carbon atoms up to about 26 or more, with acetic anhydride or other lower fatty acid anhydride having not more than four carbon atoms to the molecule, removing the acetic or other lower fatty acid from the reaction mixture by fractional distillation as it is formed, and adding fresh acetic or other lower fatty acid anhydride progressively, equivalent in amount to the acetic or other lower fatty acid removed until the product has the required viscosity and removing any residual acetic acid or other lower fatty acid and acetic or other lower fatty acid anhydride therefrom.  In an example, distilled linseed oil acids are heated with acetic anhydride and a further quantity of anhydride then slowly added while maintaining the temperature and the acetic acid formed together with some of the anhydride is distilled off through a fractionating column.  Any free acetic anhydride remaining behind is subsequently removed from the product by distillation at reduced pressure.  The product is very viscous, its Iodine Value is substantially the same as that of the original fatty acids, and when exposed to the air in thin films at ordinary temperatures, it solidifies in a few hours.  In other examples, the fatty acids used are stearic, distilled soya bean oil acids, distilled coconut oil acids, oleic acid, caprylic acid and distilled dehydrated castor oil acids.  Reference is also made to the use of acids from other naturally occurring animal and vegetable oils such as the fish oils, chinawood oil, oiticica oil and peanut oil.  Examples are given of the use of the fatty acid derivatives in the preparation of varnishes and enamels, additional ingredients being mineral spirits, cobalt naphthenate, soya bean lecithin, lithopone, barium base titanium dioxide pigment, powdered asbestos, pentaerythritol esters of abietic acid and the reaction products of abietic and maleic acids with pentaerythritol.