baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20080043256-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus of selecting mbms operating frequency for user equipment in a wireless communications system
Inventor: KUO RICHARD LEE CHEE
IPC: H04B7/24
Filed: 2007-11-12
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for selecting an MBMS(Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) operating frequency in a UE(User Equipment) in a wireless communication system are provided to prevent an unnecessary system consumption and a software error as a UE only transmits an MBMS modification request message when the selection of a preferred frequency corresponding to a selected MBMS is completed. In a dedicated channel state, a UE only transmits an MBMS modification request message when the UE successfully selects a preferred frequency corresponding to a selected MBMS as the present operating frequency, and requests transfer to the preferred frequency. In the case of failing in selecting the preferred frequency as the present operating frequency, however, the UE does not transmit the MBMS modification request message.
Patent KR-20090048957-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM CHANG IL
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2007-11-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 HAC(Hearing Aid Compatibility) 등급을 향상시킬 수 있도록 통화시 무선 통신에 의해 발생하는 전기장의 피크 영역을 측정 영역으로부터 이격된 곳으로 변위 가능하게 하는 수단을 갖는 휴대 단말기를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20090052696-A (KR)
Inventor: JUN YONG SEOK
IPC: H01L31/042
Filed: 2007-11-21
Abstract: 기판으로서 p-n 접합 다이오드를 포함하는 탬덤 구조를 사용하는 염료감응 태양전지에 대하여 개시한다. 본 발명에 따른 염료감응 태양전지는 제1 전도성 기판 위에 형성된 반도체 전극과, 제2 전도성 기판 위에 형성된 대향 전극과, 상기 반도체 전극과 상기 대향 전극과의 사이에 개재되어 있는 전해질층을 포함한다. 상기 제1 전도성 기판 및 제2 전도성 기판 중 적어도 1 개의 기판은 p-n 접합 다이오드를 포함한다.  
       
     염료감응 태양전지, p-n 접합 다이오드, 기판, 탠덤
Patent KR-20090053090-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM TEA HUN
IPC: B23K37/00
Filed: 2007-11-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 멤브레인에 별도의 이송을 위한 장치를 설치할 필요가 없어 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇을 보다 용이하고 간편하게 수직이동시키 위한 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇의 이송장치에 관한 것으로, 스키모양으로 형성되어 멤브레인 표면을 미끄러지는 슬라이딩 가이드부재; 작업자의 조작에 따라 회동하는 레버; 상기 레버와 연동하여 직선운동하고 일단이 상기 한쌍의 슬라이딩 가이드부재에 수직하게 고정설치되는 로드; 스파이더 로봇의 양측에 마운팅되는 마운팅부재;및 상기 마운팅 부재에 고정설치되되 상기 로드가 삽입되어 직선운동 가능하게 장착되도록 로드 가이드 홀이 형성된 브라켓;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇의 이송장치를 제공한다. 
     본 발명에 따르면 종래기술과 달리 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇을 수직이동시키기 위하여 멤브레인에 별도의 구조물들을 설치할 필요가 없어 시간적,공간적으로 많은 편의성이 있고 이송장치를 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇의 양측에 직접 부착하고 필요에 따라 레버를 조정하여 이송장치의 작동을 제어할 수 있어 보다 용이하게 멤브레인 자동용접 로봇을 수직이동 시킬 수 있는 이점이 있다.  
     
     멤브레인, 자동용접 로봇, 이송장치
Patent KR-20090053469-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JIN BUM
IPC: H01M10/0525
Filed: 2007-11-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 리튬 이차 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지에 관한 것으로, 상기 전해액은 비수성 유기용매; 리튬염; 및 하기 화학식 1의 3,5-dicyclohexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-h-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 
     [화학식 1] 
     
       
     
     본 발명의 전해액은 기존의 카보네이트계의 전해액에 비해 고온보존특성 및 수명특성이 우수한 리튬 이차 전지를 제공할 수 있다. 
     고온보존, 수명, cyclohexyl
Patent KR-20090056712-A (KR)
Title: Keep warm devices for toliet seat of bidet
Inventor: PARK JONG CHUL
IPC: E03D9/08
Filed: 2007-11-30
Abstract: A device for keeping toilet seat of bidet warm is provided, which extends the lifetime of product by increasing the intensity of the seat. A device for keeping toilet seat of bidet warm comprises: a cover plate(110); a heater(120) generating the heat in the hotwire adhered to the cover plate inner surface; a bottom plate(130) in which the inlet port is penetrated into one side while being mounted on the lower part of the cover plate; and a toilet seat including the foam insulation(140) filled between the top and bottom plates through the inlet port of the bottom plate. A foot seat(150) absorbing impact is mounted on the inlet port of the bottom plate.
Patent KR-20090064746-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 소자 및 반도체 소자의 제조 방법
Inventor: PARK JEONG HO
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 2007-12-17
Abstract: 실시예에 따른 반도체 소자의 제조 방법은 기판 위에 더미 게이트를 형성하는 단계; 상기 더미 게이트 양측의 기판에 각각 소스 영역 및 드레인 영역을 형성하고, 상기 더미 게이트의 양측면에 제1 스페이서를 형성하는 단계; 상기 제1 스페이서의 양측면에 제2 절연막을 형성하는 단계; 상기 더미 게이트를 제거하고, 상기 제1 스페이서로 이루어진 트렌치 양측면에 제2 스페이서를 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 제1 스페이서, 상기 제2 스페이서 및 기판으로 이루어진 트렌치 내부면에 게이트 절연막을 형성하고, 트렌치에 전도체를 매립하여 게이트 전극을 형성하는 단계를 포함한다. 
     실시예에 의하면, 더블 스페이서 구조를 이용하고 포켓 임플란트 및 채널 임플란트 공정을 자가 정렬 방식으로 처리함으로써 공정 마진에 구애받지 않고, 게이트 저항이 최소화되는 숏채널 반도체 소자를 제작할 수 있다. 또한, 추가 장비의 도입없이 기존의 장비를 이용하여 게이트 저항이 최소화되는 숏채널 반도체 소자를 구현할 수 있고, 구동 전압을 안정적으로 유지할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 
       
     반도체 소자, 절연막, 스페이서, 게이트 절연막, 마스크
Patent KR-20090065207-A (KR)
Title: Nand flash memory device having contact for controlling well potential
Inventor: HWANG BYUNG JUN
IPC: H01L27/115
Filed: 2007-12-17
Abstract: A NAND flash memory device having a contact for controlling electric potential of a well is provided to maintain an electrically dependent state of a second well part of active regions without removing an unnecessary part by a trimming process. A plurality of active areas having a line shape is extended in a first direction on a substrate. A first well of a first conductive type is formed on the active areas. A plurality of word lines(120) are extended in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction on the first well in order to cross the active regions in order to form a plurality of memory cells. A pair of dummy word lines are maintained in a bias voltage state of 0V. A contact for applying a bias is formed between a first dummy word line(140A) and a second dummy word line(140B) in the partial active region which is selected from the active regions. The contact is formed to apply a well bias voltage to the first well.
Patent KR-20090065214-A (KR)
Title: Stereo vision system and its video processing method
Inventor: CHANG JI HO
IPC: H04N13/00
Filed: 2007-12-17
Abstract: A stereo vision system and an image processing method thereof are provided to efficiently remove image noise by using a motion vector of an image, thereby obtaining exact distance information on a stereo image. An inputted stereo image is pre-processed. Low-resolution distance information using an image compression module about the pre-processed stereo image is obtained(616). High-resolution distance information is obtained through a stereo matching module(622). A motion vector is extracted by utilizing the image compression module. Image noise is eliminated by using the high-resolution distance information and the extracted motion vector(624). The motion vector is extracted through a motion estimation technique by alternately inputting the stereo image.
Patent KR-20080056672-A (KR)
Title: Processing apparatus
Inventor: HIRANO SHINICHI
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2007-12-18
Abstract: A process apparatus is provided to improve the throughput of a process by employing a process unit for processing wafers. A station(13) is arranged between an external apparatus and a process unit. A first transfer unit(14) transfers a wafer between the station and the process unit. Control units(16,17,21,22) output a demand signal and a stop demand signal. The external apparatus has a second transfer unit(15). The second transfer unit holds the wafer with a hand thereof to transfer it to or from the station. The demand signal is a signal for demanding the transfer by the second transfer unit to the external apparatus. The demand signal is outputted before the transfer from the second transfer unit is performed in a process apparatus. The stop order signal is a signal for ordering the stop of the hand to the external apparatus. The stop order signal is outputted after the output of the demand signal or before the transfer from the second transfer unit on the basis of the state of the process apparatus.
Patent KR-20080114471-A (KR)
Title: Method of feeding back channel information and receiver for feeding back channel information
Inventor: PARK CHANG SOON
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2007-12-18
Abstract: A receiving device and a channel information feedback method for feeding back the channel information are provided to feed back channel information effectively in case that the receiving device such as a user terminal limits capacity used for feeding back channel information. A channel vector measuring unit(610) measures channel vectors corresponding to a plurality of receiving-antennas and receives a plurality of data streams. A candidate codebook vector selecting unit(620) selects candidate codebook vectors more than two of codebook vectors included in the code book and candidate codebook vectors in consideration of the quantization error based on the channel vector about a plurality of data streams.
Patent KR-20090067455-A (KR)
Title: Lift pin assembly
Inventor: RYU MAN HO
IPC: H01L21/687
Filed: 2007-12-21
Abstract: A lift pin assembly is provided to restore a lift pin to an initial position and to prevent a breaking effect by installing a position correction unit at a lower end of a lift pin. A lift pin assembly includes a lift pin holder, a lift pin body(132), a lift pin head(128), and a position correction unit. The lift pin holder is installed at a lift pin hole of a substrate loading plate. The lift pin body is inserted into a through-hole of the lift pin holder. The lift pin head is installed at a top end of the lift pin body. The lift pin head is suspended by a stopper of the substrate loading plate. The position correction unit is installed at a bottom end of the lift pin body in order to maintain a vertical state of the lift pin body. The position correction unit includes a rolling device.
Patent KR-20090067763-A (KR)
Title: A specimen simulating regenerative cooling channel of rocket combustion chamber
Inventor: LIM BYOUNG JIK
IPC: G01M15/14
Filed: 2007-12-21
Abstract: A regeneration cooling channel simulated sample of a rocket combustor is provided to confirm whether caulking occurs due to reaction of copper alloy and hydrocarbon fuel and whether the copper alloy is damaged through simulated samples and use the confirmation result to manufacture a regeneration cooling channel of the rocket combustor. A regeneration cooling channel simulated sample of a rocket combustor includes a copper alloy tube(110), a stainless steel tube(120) and a power connector(130). The copper alloy tube is formed by wire-cutting an inner flow path(110a). The stainless steel tube is formed by wire cutting and has a diameter such that the copper alloy tube is inserted into the stainless steel tube. At least one temperature sensor mounting slot(120a) for sensing the surface temperature of the copper alloy tube is formed. The power connector is combined with both ends of the stainless steel tube.
Patent KR-20090071845-A (KR)
Title: Method of manufacturing a cmo image sensor
Inventor: SONG JUN WOO
IPC: H01L27/146
Filed: 2007-12-28
Abstract: A manufacturing method of a CMOS image sensor is provided to reduce a dark current generated around an isolation film and a blue photo diode by progressing an implant for forming a blue photo diode lower than an isolation film. A first epitaxial layer(107) is formed on a semiconductor substrate. A red photo diode(110) is formed on the first epitaxial layer. A second epitaxial layer(108) is formed on the first epitaxial layer. A green photo diode is formed on the second epitaxial layer. A third epitaxial layer(109) and a fourth epitaxial layer(111) are successively formed on the second epitaxial layer. A blue photo diode(130) is formed on the third epitaxial layer. A trench(112) is formed by selectively removing the fourth epitaxial layer corresponding to the blue photo diode. An isolation film is formed on the fourth epitaxial layer in order to isolate devices. A transistor is formed on the fourth epitaxial layer, and transfers/processes various signals.
Patent KR-20090072025-A (KR)
Title: Ldmos semiconductor device mask
Inventor: KIM BONG KIL
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2007-12-28
Abstract: A mask of a LDMOS(Lateral DMOS) semiconductor device is provided to remove a gate off leakage flowing to a field region in gate-off by opening a field region of a mask of a LDMOS semiconductor device. A moat mask(100) forms a moat region. An N-drift region is formed by using an NDT(N-drift) mask(120). A P-drift region is formed by using a PDT(P-drift) mask(140). A gate is formed by using a gate mask(200). The PDT mask is formed in order to open a field region of a semiconductor device. The PDT mask is used in order to inject a dopant to a bottom part of the field region of the semiconductor device.
Patent KR-20090010865-A (KR)
Title: Novel red electroluminescent compounds and organic electroluminescent device using the same
Inventor: KIM HYUN
IPC: C09K11/06
Filed: 2007-12-31
Abstract: A red electroluminescent compound is provided to ensure excellent electroluminescent property by having superior skeleton than that of the existing red electroluminescent compound. A red electroluminescent compound is represented by the chemical formula 1. In the chemical formula 1, L is an organic ligand; B is C in case A is N and B is N in case A is C; R1 is linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated (C1-C60) alkyl or (C6-C60) aryl; R2-R4 are independently hydrogen linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated (C1-C60) alkyl, (C1-C30) alkoxy, (C3-C60) cycloalkyl, (C6-C60) aryl, halogen, tri (C1-C30) alkylsilyl, di (C1-C30) alkyl (C6-C30) arylsilyl or tri (C6-C30) arylsilyl; R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated (C1-C60) alkyl and (C6-C60) aryl or halogenl; and n is an integer of 1-3.
Patent KR-20070030273-A (KR)
Title: Appliance convenience light
Inventor: OPPOR RICK L
IPC: F21Y101/02
Filed: 2005-06-10
Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes multiple point light sources (28) housed in a reflector housing (12). The reflector housing (12) diffuses the light produced by the point light sources (28) to emulate a linear light source. Power supplies (50, 70) are provided to energize the light sources, to control heat generation and energy usage, and to provide thermal protection. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070091263-A (KR)
Title: Remote alarming system for an elevator
Inventor: AMANO MASAAKI
IPC: B66B5/02
Filed: 2006-01-24
Abstract: A remotely operated informing system having a relatively simple structure and enabling quick action for an abnormality of an elevator. The remotely operated informing system has an elevator control device (2), a wireless informing device (3) for issuing, by wireless communication, information on a failure of the elevator issued from the elevator control device (22), a management device (4) placed separated from a building where the elevator is installed, a mobile terminal (5) capable of communicating with the wireless informing device (3) and the management device (4) via a base station (6). The management device (4) has a database (42) where management information corresponding to each elevator is previously registered, communication-information creation means (45) for determining, upon receiving the failure information, a notified destination based on the management information that is registered in the database (42) and creating an electronic message based on the contents of the failure information, and wireless communication means (41) for sending the created message to the mobile terminal as the determined notified destination. The wireless notifying device (3) has an in-car talk-communication means (33) connected to a speaker (11) in an elevator car (1) and enabling talking from the mobile terminal (5), as the notified destination, to a passenger in the elevator car.
Patent KR-20070044053-A (KR)
Inventor: WATANABE MANABU
IPC: C09D7/62
Filed: 2005-09-01
Abstract: [과제] 본 발명은 기재에 간단히 적용 가능하고, 광범위한 기재에 적용 가능하고, 또한 동시에 우수한 오염방지 특성을 지닌 오염방지 피막 및 우수한 탈색 특성을 지닌 잉크-수용층을 지닌 기재를 형성하는 것이 가능한 물질을 제공한다.   [해결수단] 상기 물질은 (a) 하기 미립자 (a1) 또는 하기 미립자 (a2) 및 (b) 분산매를 포함한다: (a1) : 평균 입자 직경이 2∼50 nm인 티타니아 미립자 및 평균 입자 직경이 5∼100 nm이고 BET법으로 측정시 300 ㎡/g 이상의 비표면적을 지닌 다공성 실리카 미립자 또는 (a2) 평균 입자 직경이 5∼100 nm이고 BET법으로 측정시 비표면적이 300 ㎡/g 이상인 다공성 실리카 미립자 표면을 티타네이트 화합물로 표면-변형시킴으로서 수득된 다공성 실리카 미립자. 
      티타늄, 실리카, 미립자, 기재, 오염방지, 피막, 잉크-수용층, 탈색
Patent KR-20070048804-A (KR)
Inventor: HUNT MICHAEL O
IPC: D06M15/643
Filed: 2005-06-14
Abstract: 직물 재료에 마이크로캡슐을 적용하기 위한 결합제 계는 결합제 조성물 중 마이크로캡슐을 포함한다.  상기 결합제 조성물은 (i) 알콕실화된 지방산 아미드, 알킬 술폰산 염, 아미노-실리콘 연화제, 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 성분; 및 (ii) 글리옥살 계 주름 방지 수지, 이미다졸 계 주름 방지 수지, 양이온성 폴리아민, 경화성 실리콘 수지, 폴리우레탄 수지 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 성분을 포함한다.  상기 결합제 계를 제조하는 방법 뿐만 아니라 상기 결합제 계를 직물 재료에 적용하는 방법 또한 제공된다. 
     결합제, 마이크로캡슐, 직물, 글리옥살 수지, 이미다졸 수지, 주름 방지
Patent KR-20070052339-A (KR)
Title: Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and semiconductor device obtained with such a method
Inventor: SURDEANU RADU
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 2005-08-10
Abstract: There is a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device with a dual gate field effect transistor, the method including a semiconductor body a semiconductor material having a surface with a source region and a drain region of a first conductivity type and with a channel region of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type between the source region and the drain region and with a first gate region separated from the surface of the semiconductor body by a first gate dielectric above the channel region and with a second gate region situated opposite to the first gate region and formed within a recess in an opposite surface of the semiconductor body so as to be separated from the channel region by a second gate dielectric wherein the recess is formed with a local change of the doping of the channel region and by etching starting from the opposite surface of the semiconductor body.
Patent KR-20070101209-A (KR)
Title: Adjusting device for a vehicle component, in particular for a motor vehicle seat and method for assembling said device
Inventor: OTTO JURGEN
IPC: B60N2/22
Filed: 2005-10-07
Abstract: The invention relates to an adjusting device for a vehicle component, in particular for a motor vehicle seat. Said device comprises a first fitting part, a second fitting part and an eccentric cam, which are located on a common rotational axis. In an operating mode, the rotational axis revolves and the eccentric cam can be rotated about the rotational axis. According to the invention, at least one first rotating element is located concentrically with the eccentric cam and rolls off the first fitting part and the relative positions of the two fitting parts can be adjusted. The invention also relates to a method for producing said adjusting device.
Patent KR-20070092202-A (KR)
Title: Mobile communication device having stereoscopic imagemaking capability
Inventor: CHAMBERS MICHAEL J
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2004-09-27
Abstract: A mobile communication device (e.g., a wireless telephone) capable of making stereoscopic images.The mobile communication device includes: (1) a main body, (2) first and second camera modules rotatably attached to the main body and (3) a drive structure coupled to the first and second camera modules and configured to rotate the first and second camera modules relative to the main body about corresponding first and second axes of rotation.
Patent KR-20070083971-A (KR)
Title: Copolyester, process for producing the same, and polyester film
Inventor: KANZAWA TAKESHI
IPC: C08G63/91
Filed: 2004-11-04
Abstract: The cost of producing a polyester resin or film excellent in transparency, flexibility, etc. is reduced, and a flexible polyester film producible at a low cost and a flexible polyester resin suitable for the production are provided. The resin is a copolyester synthesized from an acid ingredient comprising either an oligomerized fatty acid comprising 15-95 wt.% fatty acid dimer and 5-85 wt.% fatty acid trimer or a derivative thereof and a glycol ingredient, and has a melt viscosity as measured at 250°C of 1,000-3,000 P. The flexible polyester film is obtained from this copolyester by melt formation.
Patent KR-20070085297-A (KR)
Title: Plastic bags with one or more ports and a method to manufacture plastic bags
Inventor: PULLER STEFAN
IPC: A61J1/10
Filed: 2005-10-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic bag (10), made from plastic film (20) with one or more ports (30). At least one of said ports (30) comprises a plastic element (40), welded between two layers of plastic film (22, 24), thus forming a port welded region (50). The plastic element (40) in the port welded region (50) may be compressed. The cross-section of the free, uncompressed plastic element (40) runs in the form of a wedge to the lateral edges of the port welded region (50). The plastic element (40) comprises at least one first edge (80) in the port welded region (50). The plastic bag (10) permits an optimised production method and is particularly suitable for application in the medical field.
Patent KR-20070100709-A (KR)
Title: Static file system differencing and updating
Inventor: GU JINSHENG
IPC: H04N5/44
Filed: 2005-11-08
Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for static file system (SFS) differencing and updating. The differencing and updating includes portion-level differencing and block-level updating of units of an original image (referred to as blocks). The differencing and updating splits SFS images into portions based on block information and the image structure. A delta file is generated for each portion (portion-level differencing) of the new SFS image; the delta file includes information of differences between the portion of the new SFS image and the portion of the original SFS image to which the new SFS image portion corresponds. The delta files are transferred to a device where the target SFS image of the device is updated block-by-block using information of the delta files. The block-by-block update reconstructs all portions of the new SFS image in a device block in host device RAM and writes the reconstructed block into host device ROM.
Patent KR-20070089932-A (KR)
Title: Chocolate products and ingredients and methods for producing novel oil-in-water suspensions
Inventor: HANSELMANN WILLIAM
IPC: A23L29/238
Filed: 2005-12-08
Abstract: The invention provides novel means and methods for manipulating cocoa and milk ingredients, for example, to produce edible oil-in-water suspensions and optionally drying the suspensions to reduce the moisture or water activity level. In one embodiment, cocoa products are used to produce a gel network formed by cocoa starches and/or proteins. The suspension is formed with milk proteins and cocoa solids and also comprises crystallized cocoa butter as a dispersed component, and water or skim milk as the continuous phase or aqueous phase, and the suspension is optionally dried to reduce the moisture content and/or manipulate the final texture or characteristics. The compositions, products, and ingredients possible according to the invention provide novel methods and components for low or reduced calorie or sugar free chocolate products or ingredients having the same cocoa content as conventional chocolate and/or falling within the standard of identity for chocolate products. In addition, the production and packaging options for chocolate products are expanded by the use of the invention as the viscosity of the chocolate product or ingredient can be varied easily without specific reliance on cocoa butter content.
Patent KR-20070086274-A (KR)
Title: Resilient structured sanding article
Inventor: PETERSEN JOHN G
IPC: B24D15/04
Filed: 2005-11-14
Abstract: A resilient hand-held abrasive article suitable, for example, for woodworking, includes a plurality of separated raised abrasive surfaces to allow the article to more effectively conform to a contoured surface. A method of making such an abrasive article is also disclosed.
Patent KR-20070104348-A (KR)
Title: Efficient address-space extension to pseudo multi-homed hosts
Inventor: WANG XIANGYU
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2006-01-05
Abstract: A residential gateway (130) interfaces in-home hosts (140) to the public Internet without performing address or port translation. Each in-home host is allocated a public address (212) of the gateway and optionally one or more ports (220). The in-home host generates a lower-level version of the gateway IP address for outgoing packets (S370). The gateway maintains a lookup table (720) for public-to-private IP address conversion for packets incoming from the Internet, and finds the lower-level counterpart of the IP address (730). Packets to go out or packets that have arrived are encapsulated without any address or port translation being performed.