baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1443400-A (GB)
Title: Semiconductor devices
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1974-03-18
Abstract: 1443400 Semi-conductor devices S F KAUSOV 18 March 1974 11924/74 Heading H1K A semi-conductor diode has two abutting layers 8, 9 of opposite conductivity types forming a junction 10 and having different resistivities. Each layer has an ohmic contact 11, 14, that on the layer 8 of higher resistivity being arranged such that the distance L between its edge and the semi-conductor junction where it emerges at the surface of the semiconductor body, and measured along that surface, is not less than twice the thickness H of the layer 8 below the contact 11. The thickness of the layer 8 is equal to that of the space charge region produced by a reverse bias voltage which is less than the breakdown voltage. In one embodiment, as shown, the PN junction 10 emerges at the end face whereas in an alternative arrangement it merges at the lateral face (Fig. 1, not shown). In both cases the junction is covered by a dielectric layer 13 (4). The contact 11 is placed symmetrically with respect to the junction 10, both of which may be circular in plan (Fig. 3, not shown), and the area of the contact 11 is no more than half that enclosed by the junction. The resistivity of the N type layer 8 is at least 100 times that of the P type layer 9. The diode is produced by growing an epitaxial silicon P type layer on a silicon N type plate with resistivities of 20-50 ohm. cm. and less than 0À01 ohm. cm. respectively. Mesas are formed in the P type layer, a silicon dioxide film is grown on this surface and windows are formed in it. The ohmic contact comprises a diffusion of boron followed by vacuum deposition of aluminium which is annealed. The plate is then divided into separate elements to be mounted in individual metal housings.
Patent GB-142497-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in process of making vehicle wheels
IPC: B60B9/20
Filed: 1920-04-29
Abstract: 142,497. International Motor Wheel Co., (Assignees of Coats, H. B.). April 14, 1917, [Convention date]. Spring wheels with continuous outer rigid ring and rubber-ring and like cushions ; building- apparatus.-Relates to a process for making wheels of the type shown in Fig. 1, in which a series of annular cushions 15 yieldingly support the hub through the medium of arms 19. The annular members 21 for supporting the cushions, which have a convex outer periphery, are held in position by a member 22 with a concave outer periphery, and by reinforcing members 122 with concave edges. In assembling the wheel, the parts are disposed as shown in Fig. 5, with the reinforcing members in their respective positions. and are forced downwards by an annular member into the position shown in Fig. 7. The outer rim 10 is then shrunk so that the rim is in tension, and the parts 21, 22 and 122 in compression. The parts may be secured by spot welding.
Patent GB-673263-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to frequency-changing modulator or mixer circuits for high-frequency signalling systems
Inventor: GRAYSON HENRY
IPC: H03C7/02
Filed: 1950-05-15
Abstract: 673,263. Wave-guides. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. May 15, 1950, No. 12044/50. Class 40 (viii). [Also in Group XL (c)] Relates to frequency-changing mixer circuits of the kind claimed in Specification 547,231, in which two input waves are applied to one or more rectifiers, one input being of lower frequency and variable amplitude, and the other of higher frequency and constant amplitude less than the minimum' amplitude of the lower frequency wave, with the result that the sum and difference frequencies produced are of constant amplitude; and consists in arranging an oppositely-poled auxiliary rectifier in parallel with the rectifier or with each main rectifier, and in providing means for preventing the higher frequency waves from reaching the auxiliary rectifier or rectifiers. As shown, the mixer comprises a " magic-tee " arrangement comprising an input wave-guide 3 through which the higher-frequency waves (e.g. 4000 mc/s.) enter a transverse closed chamber 2 containing near its ends crystal rectifiers 5, 9. To these rectifiers are applied the lowerfrequency waves (e.g. 60 mc/s.) from a pushpull amplifier 11, 12. These waves may be frequency modulated. The side frequencies produced emerge from a wave-guide 4 with its axis at right angles to the axis of the guide 3 and with its wide face also at right angles to that of the guide 3. The invention consists in providing auxiliary rectifiers 13, 14 connected respectively across the main rectifiers 5, 9 and oppositely poled thereto. In this way, those half-waves from the amplifier 11, 12 which should encounter high resistance in the main rectifiers 5, 9 are shunted to earth by the auxiliary rectifiers. 13, 14. Discs 7 may be attached to the leads 6, 10 where they enter the chamber 2 and are separated from the chamber walls by insulation 8, thus preventing the higher-frequency waves from reaching the auxiliary rectifiers 13, 14.
Patent GB-1459673-A (GB)
Title: Controller for injection moulding machine
IPC: B29C45/76
Filed: 1974-03-19
Abstract: 1459673 Injection moulding machines BBF GROUP Inc 19 March 1974 [6 April 1973] 12074/74 Heading B5A [Also in Division G3] For an injection moulding machine having a mould defining a cavity for receiving a plasticized material an apparatus is provided which establishes a viscosity error signal during an initial portion of a machine operating cycle and sets the pressure level during the remainder of the cycle in dependence on this signal. As shown, a conventional injection moulding machine, having a mould cavity 14 and a ram 20 driven by an hydraulic actuator 18, is provided with strain-gauge transducers 30, 32 for sensing actuator pressure and cavity pressure respectively. During an injection cycle the initial rapid rise in actuator pressure is sensed by a bridge-type signal conditioner 34, the output of which is fed to a comparator 38 which at a reference level set from a device 39 provides a digital start signal to a timer 42. The cavity pressure rise through conditioner 36 and comparator 40 stops the timer 42 and an analog signal representing the time interval is fed, as a measure of the viscosity of the plasticized moulding material, to an analog comparator 46. The viscosity error is determined by comparison with a reference value on a line 48 and summated with an hydraulic pressure error from a comparator 60 to derive a process index error. The hydraulic pressure error is derived by a comparison of a reference on a line 62 with the signal from the conditioner 34; the comparator 60 being enabled by the output of comparator 40. The process index error is fed to a process control logic 50 wherein it is modified in dependence on the cumulative cavity pressure error. The logic 50 employs a sample and hold amplifier for the cavity pressure and is responsive to clamp close and open signals from a device 13B. The peak cavity pressure is compared with a reference on a line 68 and the error modifies the process index error, through digital scaling logic. The modified process index error is applied, together with a manually set hydraulic reference on a line 53, to a summing amplifier 52 the output of which, through an E/1 converter 54, controls a valve 56 determining the pressure applied to the ram 20 during the remainder of the current moulding cycle.
Patent GB-450118-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to shop blinds and the like
IPC: E04F10/02
Filed: 1935-04-23
Abstract: 450,118. Shop blinds. HAMMETT, R. J., Coombe Lodge, West Hill, Wandsworth, London. April 23, 1935, No. 12152. [Class 52 (v)] The side-blind or valance of a shop blind is mounted on a bar 5 with a rotatable connection at the shop end and, if desired, at the outer end. As shown there is a fixed eye 8 on the shop and a rotatable hook 9 on the bar. By detaching the outer end and turning the bar round the side blind can be furled without sweeping on the ground.
Patent GB-1218872-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to arrangements for controlling devices associated with rotary-piston internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B53/00
Filed: 1969-03-07
Abstract: 1,218,872. Rotary-piston internal combustion engines. DAIMLER-BENZ A.G. March 7, 1969 [March 7, 1968], No. 12185/69. Heading F1F. An arrangement for controlling an auxiliary device, such as a fuel-injection pump, associated with a rotary-piston I.C. engine of the kind having a three or more sided piston planetarily rotatable with slip engagement within a casing having an epitrochoidal inner profile with one less lobe than the piston has sides, wherein at a point swept over shortly before the moment of ignition by the piston corner defining the trailing part of the compression chamber, a duct in the engine casing connects the compression chamber to a member responsive to pressure variations for controlling the auxiliary device. As described for a single unit engine, a small duct 3, Fig. 1, opens into a compression chamber 4 and into a cylindrical cavity 7 in which is slidably mounted a spring-loaded piston 9 having a rod 12 engaging a recess 13 in a pivoted lever 15 formed with a cam-surface 16 engaging the adjusting rod of a fuel-injection pump. In another embodiment for a three unit engine, three ducts 21, Fig. 2, one from each compression chamber (not shown) lead to three elastic disc-shaped capsules 23 loaded by a spring-loaded piston 28 the rod 31 of which engages a lever 32 fixed to a horizontal shaft 33 to which is also fixed a lever 35 slotted at its end to locate a pin 37 connected to the adjusting rod 38 of the fuel-injection pump. The loading of the spring 29 is adjusted in accordance with the temperature of the engine cooling water by means of a temperature sensor 41 which projects into a cooling water passage 42 and engages one arm of a lever 39 which engages a spring abutment plate 30 so that when the engine warms up the amount of fuel supplied by the pump is reduced as compared to when the engine is running cold. Further, the device may incorporate a starting magnet 43 and an overrun magnet (44), Fig. 4 (not shown). The former acts in one direction on a two-armed lever 46 to rotate the shaft 33 so that the adjusting rod 38 is moved to permit maximum delivery from the fuel-injection pump. Whilst the latter acts in the opposite direction on the lever 46 to reduce the pump to zero delivery, e.g., in the circumstance of the vehicle on which the engine is mounted going downhill.
Patent GB-559099-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic weighing apparatus embodying a totalising mechanism
IPC: G01G23/18
Filed: 1942-10-29
Abstract: 559,099. Weighing-apparatus. AVERY, Ltd., W & T., and PAGE, A. E. Oct. 29, 1942, No. 12193. [Class 143] In an automatic weighing apparatus wherein a measuring unit driving a weight-totalizing counter is coupled at intervals to a rotatable weighing member to totalize the successive weighings, the measuring unit embodies a lost-motion spring for the purpose of affording sufficient time for accurate completion of the totalizing, and de-clutching of the measuring unit. As shown diagrammatically in the Figure, when the indicating pointer a has come to rest on completion of a weighing operation, the starter button of a motor m is pressed. The motor rotates a cam shaft l causing reciprocation of a rack j. During its rise the rack rotates a collar g, spring h and collar e. An arm e<SP>1</SP> on the collar e engages and imparts a backward rotation to the weighing member d which has previously been resiliently set by the indicating pointer through a spring c. Prior to this backward rotation of the weighing member d a cam n places the measuring wheel q in driving engagement with the weighing member. The weighing member is rotated backwards by the arm e<SP>1</SP> until the arm is arrested by a stop s as shown by broken lines, the rotation of the measuring wheel being added to the totalizing counter r by gearing q<SP>2</SP>, p<SP>1</SP>. Continued movement of the collar g is absorbed by the spring h without influencing the measuring wheel which is meanwhile disengaged by the cam n. Three coloured discs bearing appropriate markings and illuminated in turn by lamps arranged in cam-controlled circuits indicated, (1) when the load may be applied to the weighing platform. (2) that the apparatus is not to be touched and (3) when the load may be removed. In a practical embodiment of the apparatus, the weighing and measuring wheels d, q are constituted by the outer and inner sections of an internally expanding clutch, and the rackj is replaced by a toothed segment actuated by a spring-loaded telescopic rod.
Patent GB-661875-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gear pump assemblies
IPC: F04C14/00
Filed: 1948-05-04
Abstract: 661,875. Gear pumps. BORG-WARNER CORPORATION. May 4, 1948 [May 7, 1947], No. 12222/48. Class 110(ii). [Also in Group XXIV] A plant comprising continuously-rotating primary and secondary gear pumps P<SP>1</SP>, P<SP>2</SP>, delivers liquid in parallel initially but upon the delivery reaching a predetermined figure, the pump P<SP>2</SP> ceases delivery, and recommences delivery if the pump P<SP>1</SP> fails. Shear portions S<SP>1</SP>, S<SP>2</SP> in the pump drives fail should the torque of the relevant pump exceed an allowable figure. End discs are pressed against the gears by liquid under delivery pressure and light springs, for sealing purposes. Fig. 1 shows both pumps taking liquid from a common suction 10a and delivering to a pipe 10b. When a certain delivery pressure is reached in pipe 45, a piston 12 is moved to the right lifting valve TV<SP>1</SP> and the delivery of pump P<SP>2</SP> passes along a pipe 10c to the suction line and a valve CV<SP>2</SP> closes. If the pump P<SP>1</SP> fails, valves TV' and CV<SP>1</SP> close, valve CV<SP>2</SP> opens and the pump P<SP>2</SP> delivers to the pipe 10b. Means 41 may be manually operated to open a valve MV controlling a byepass between pipes 45 and 10c and, after compression of :a weak spring 40, to open the valve TV<SP>1</SP> against the pressure of a spring 38. Pump P<SP>2</SP> has meshing gears 17, 18 with journals 19, 20. Gear 18 is driven through splines 29, the driving shaft 28 having a shear neck S<SP>2</SP>. The shaft passes through the gear 31 which is driven by splines 34, 36 and journal 32 having a shear neck S<SP>1</SP>. For sealing purposes delivery fluid acts on a surface 21a and this, together with the force of a light spring 24, is greater than the end thrust inside the pumping chamber. A channel 21c places the inner end of bushing face 21b in communication with a zone of low pressure through a passage 22 and a ball valve 23. The casing 10 may .be of light metal alloy such as aluminium alloy Specification 661,948, is referred to.
Patent GB-154132-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to hand operated wire tying machines
IPC: B65B13/28
Filed: 1920-05-03
Abstract: 154,132. Wright, P. May 3, 1920 Twisting wires together.-A hand-operated machine for twisting' together the ends of a wire used for tying up a box, bundle, &c., is placed on the box &c. to be tied, and the end 80 of the wire is pushed under the spindle 37 and through slots 73, 71, 66 at one side of the machine, through a slot in a pinion 18, Fig. 4, and under a serrated dog 49, held down by a cam lever. The wire is then wrapped round the parcel and pushed backwards into the slots in the machine and held in. position by a notched lever 46. The part 88 isbent round the spindle 37 and into the slot in the end of the spindle, which is then rotated by ratchet gear, actuated by a hand lever 40, to tighten the wire about the parcel. The end slots 71 prevent the wires from leaving the side-by-side position, but the slots 66 are deeper and allow the wires to turn about each other. The lever 6 is swung up to rotate the pinion, by the gear shown in Fig. 4, to twist the wires as in Fig. 7. The spindle of the lever 6 carries a cam which actuates a lever 23 to depress the spring-raised cutter 29 and cut off the wire 88. As the lever 6 swings over, the stop 96 depresses the lever 54 and frees the dog 49 and raises the notched lever 46 to free the wire from the machine. The stop 103 strikes a spring buffer 102 which prevents shock.
Patent GB-418594-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to means for operating ring flyers in machines for spinning and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances
IPC: D01H1/02
Filed: 1933-04-27
Abstract: 418,594. Ring flyer spinning and doubling machines. WHITELEY, W., Woodside, Elland, Yorkshire. April 27, 1933, No. 12236. [Class 120 (ii).] The ring flyers of machines operating on the system wherein the spindle is rotated by the pull of the thread being spun or twisted, as described for example in Specification 26228/04, [Class 120], are driven by bands or tapes which pass around spring-mounted tension pulleys L so as only to engage opposite sectors of the wharls of the flyers E. The pulleys L are carried by spring brackets P or, as shown in Fig. 8, by hinged flaps R controlled by stops T, mounted on a bar H<1> movable horizontally by means of a handle X and eccentric W to adjust the positions of the pulleys for right or left hand twist. The pulleys L may be mounted slightly higher than the wharls so that the flyers are supported in a floating condition by the driving-bands. The flyers may be made of ebonite, vulcanite or other light material, or of aluminium with a vulcanite bush, or of vulcanite with a metal wharl, and may be castellated on their lower surface to reduce friction when mounted on bearings F. The Provisional Specification describes also an arrangement wherein the pulleys are placed midway in front of the ring flyers so that the driving is effected by two adjacent bands.
Patent GB-353069-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of morphine and other alkaloids from opium
Filed: 1930-04-17
Abstract: Morphine, narcotine, and other opium alkaloids.-Opium is freed as far as possible from fatty and other impurities by means of a fat solvent such as petroleum ether, the morphine and other alkaloids are liberated by treatment with an alkaline reagent, preferably at a pH value of about 9, the mass is dried, extracted with an organic solvent, and morphine is then precipitated from the solution by adding a liquid which diminishes the solubility of morphine in the organic solvent.  The other alkaloids may then be obtained from the solution by evaporating it to dryness and p  extracting the residue with ether.  The organic solvent used for extracting the alkaloids may be a mixture of an aliphatic alcohol and a halogenated hydrocarbon such as trichlorethylene or chloroform.  The liquid added to the extract to cause precipitation of the morphine may be water or acetone.  According to an example, opium is extracted with petroleum ether for 4-5 hours in a continuous extraction apparatus.  The extract is shaken with warm distilled water to which a little hydrochloric acid has been added in order to extract the narcotine dissolved by the petroleum ether, which is then separated from the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution by gentle heating.  The de-fatted opium is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and moistened with the solution containing narcotine, which has first been neutralized with sodium carbonate.  The resulting paste is dried, powdered, mixed with a little sand, and extracted in a percolator with a mixture of methyl alcohol and chloroform at 20-25 DEG  C.  Distilled water is added to the extract, and the morphine crystals which separate are filtered with a little cold water, washed with acetone or ether, and dried at a low temperature.  The chloroform solution of alkaloids which forms the lower layer of the extract is then mixed with sand and evaporated to dryness.  The residue is mixed with kaolin, silica gel, or the like, and extracted with ether.  Alkaloids other than morphin are obtained by evaporating the ether from the extract.
Patent GB-385181-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to metering pumps
IPC: B67D7/60
Filed: 1932-04-28
Abstract: 385,181. Delivering measured quantities. KORFMACHER, A., 54, Herderstrasse, Lindenthal, Cologne, Germany. April 28, 1932, No. 12287. [Class 102 (i).] In a pump for delivering measured quantities of oil &c. a bell-shaped piston 7 fills a glass cylinder 1 on the suction stroke. On the discharge stroke excess liquid is discharged through a central tube 3 to the suction pipe 4 until the upper edge 6 of the tube is covered by the piston, the remaining liquid being discharged through a port 19 controlled by a cock 20. To permit the discharge of excess liquid the seating 26 of the suction valve 29 is movable against the action of a spring, the movement of the seating either uncovering ports 58, or causing the valve 29 to be unseated by a fixed pin 30. The pistonrod 9 carries a rack 16 gearing with a pinion 18 on a hand-operated spindle. The rack carries pawls 24, 25 gearing with pinions 22, 23 on the cock 20 and acting to open and close the valve, respectively. The cock 20 may also control suction ports. The piston-rod is resiliently connected to the piston by means of a cross bolt 11, acted on by a spring 13 and moving in slots in a cylinder 10 carried by the piston. A pump may comprise twin cylinders, operating alternately, and controlled by a single cock. In a modification, Fig. 8, the liquid passes to a suction chamber 56 having a port 54, which is controlled by the reduced diameter of the piston 53. Liquid trapped in the space 51 is discharged through a passage 57 controlled by a cock.
Patent GB-1134291-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to automatic telephone systems
IPC: H04Q3/00
Filed: 1967-03-16
Abstract: 1,134,291. Substation equipment. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. 16 March, 1967 [19 March, 1966], No. 12322/67. Heading H4K. Subscriber sets employing push-button resistive dialling and associated with a first exchange or a satellite, send dialling signals to a second or main exchange over a direct current link controlled by a magnetic core circuit. As described, immediately after the detection of a call or after the selection of directional digits, a subscriber's line 2 is connected through a coupling stage 4 to a junction circuit 5. A relay at the first exchange A, and having windings D 1  and D 2  is energized closing a contact d 1 , thus sending a call signal over a junction line 3 to an exchange B. A call relay having windings G 1  and G 2  is energized and the junction line is connected through a coupling stage 7 and contacts h 1  and h 2  to a signal receiver 8. The receiver reverses the polarity on the a and b wires of the line 3 thus returning a " select " signal to the exchange A. A saturable magnetic core A having windings W 1  to W 6  and which was previously saturated in a one direction by the combined action a source 12 and the call signal is switched towards saturation in the other direction. Read pulses from a source 13 periodically bias the core back, to saturation in the one direction. Thus the " select " signal causes periodic flux variations in the core and these are detected in winding W 6  and after a predetermined accumulation in an integrator 15, a relay E is energized, switching its contacts e 1  to e 4  thus switching in direct connections which by-pass the junction circuit. Dialling may then be effected. The reverses of polarity necessary to detect the dialling resistance valves are relatively rapid and are integrated out and thus do not operate the relay E. The numbers of turns on the windings W 1 , W 2  and W 3  and the valves of resistors R 9 , R 10  and R 11  can be chosen so that the variations in the loop resistance due to dialling do not effect the energization of the magnetic core.