Patent GB-730011-A (GB)
Title: Lubricating oil composition
Filed: 1952-02-26
Abstract: Lubricants comprise a waxy lubricating mineral oil, one-third to three times its volume of a polyoxyalkylene polymeric material soluble therein, and 5 per cent. or less by weight of the mixture of a condensation product of a hydroxyaromatic compound with an aliphatic hydrocarbon of more than 20 carbon atoms or a condensation product of a resinified hydroxyaromatic compound and chlorinated paraffin wax or the resinified product of the condensation of a hydroxyaromatic compound with chlorinated paraffin wax, said product being the tri-or tetra-alkylated derivative of a hydroxyaromatic compound wherein the hydroxy group is attached to a benzene ring or a fused aromatic ring containing not more than 3 benzene rings, or acylated derivatives of any of these products.  The hydroxyaromatic compound has the formula: <FORM:0730011/III/1> where R is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkoxy or aroxy.  Preferably benzene derivatives wherein R is hydrogen or hydroxy are used.  Phenol, catechol, resorcinol, b -naphthol, benzyl phenol, p-cresol, hydroquinone, xylenols, phenyl ethyl phenols, methyl or ethyl hydroxydiphenyls, guaiacol, monethyl ether of catechol, methyl, tolyl, xylyl, or benzyl naphthols, methoxyhydroxy naphthalene, anthranol, phenyl methyl anthranol, and phenanthrol are specified compounds.  These are condensed with chlorine derivatives of ceresin, ozacerite, paraffin wax, heavy paraffin oils, petroleum and similar hydrocarbons of waxy nature. Crystalline paraffin wax melting at about 130 DEG  F. may be chlorinated at 200 DEG  F. to about 14 per cent. chlorine, and then heated with phenol with addition of AlCl3 to give an alkylate which is drawn off from the sludge and purified. The proportions are chosen to give a tri-or tetra-paraffin-substituted phenol.  The products may be acylated with acid chlorides or anhyderides of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic acids, mono- or polybasic, substituted or not; or heteracyclic or alicyclic acids such as furoic or abietic.  Dibasic acids, e.g. phthalic, are preferred.  Resinified hydro-aromatic compounds are prepared by treatment with halogenated compounds such as chloraryl and chloraralkyl compounds, e.g. benzyl chloride and chlornaphthalene, to form hydroxyaromatic and aromatic hydrocarbon resins, by treatment with aldehydes in acid or basic media, with sulphur or sulphur monochloride, or with alcohols, ketones or polyhydric compounds, e.g. butanol, acetone or glycol. Thus butyraldehyde and phenol are reacted in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 at 212 DEG  F. in presence of 1 per cent. hydrochloric acid; the resin being purified by vacuum distillation.  Condensation with chlorinated paraffin can be effected as above.  Alternatively resinification is effected after alkylation.  The products lower the stable pour point of the lubricant.  The polyoxyalkylene polymeric material is prepared from ethylene oxide, 1-2-propylene oxide, butylene oxides or higher or mixtures thereof or from the corresponding glycols, the products being polyoxyalkalyene diols or mono- or di-ethers and/or esters thereof, for example, as described in Specifications 584,367, 601,604, 634,183 and 651,727.  Polymers and copolymers with polymer units having more than two carbon atoms separating oxygen atoms, prepared for example from trimethylene glycol, are also included. Polyalkylene glycol diethers or monoethers monoesters, derived in particular from 1-2-propylene oxide, are preferred.  These are preferably of M.W. 400-950.  They are blended with refined or unrefined mineral oils, preferably in equal volume.  The pour point depressant is incorporated in an amount of 0.5-5 per cent. by weight. Optional additions include detergents, e.g. alkaline earth phenates, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, e.g. aromatic amines and metal dithiocarbonates, viscosity index improvers, defoaming agents, and metal deactivators.  Examples describe the preparation of a tetraparaffin - alkylated phenol acylated with phthalyl chloride, and the incorporation into blends of paraffin base mineral oil and polypropylene glycol monoisoactyl ether acetate or butyl methyl diether of M.W. 500.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 715,699.