Patent GB-1103784-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle braking system
IPC: B60T15/04
Filed: 1966-04-07
Abstract: 1,103,784. Pneumatic braking systems. FABBRICA ITALIANAMAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. 7 April, 1966 [7 April, 1965; 26 Nov., 1965], No. 15755/66. Heading F2F. In a compressed-air braking system for a road vehicle, particularly a tractor/trailer vehicle, of the kind including a plurality of reservoirs supplying air via a distributer to service chambers of brake actuators and via other valve means to chambers of emergency spring motors associated with at least some of the actuators, such that the spring motors are normally compressed so as to be inoperative so long as supply pressure is maintained above a predetermined value, the other valve means comprises at least two valves which are operatively associated such that both valves are either open or shut together, one valve controlling the feed from the service reservoir to the service chambers and the other from an emergency reservoir to the chambers of the emergency spring motors, so that the possibility of a double operation of the brakes by both the spring motors and air pressure, e.g. during partial pressure failure, is prevented. In the embodiment of Figs. 2 and 3, for tractor/ trailer vehicles having emergency spring motors associated with the tractor rear wheel brakes and double actuators associated with the trailer rear wheel brakes, a distributer D supplies air from reservoirs C 2 , C 3  and C 4  via line 50 to the front wheel brake actuators F, via line 52 to service chambers G 2  of the rear wheel brake actuators G on the tractor vehicle, via a relay valve K, and via line 74 to relay/ emergency valve Q on the trailer, there also being direct lines 54, 72, 76 from the reservoirs for supplying, respectively, spring compression chambers G 1  of the actuators G, emergency chambers S 2  of the trailer rear wheel brake actuators S, and the emergency control chamber of the relay/emergency valve Q. The supply to the spring compression chambers G 1  is via a manually-operable valve H and a line 56, a branch of which is connected to the control chamber K 1  of the relay valve K. As a result, provided pressure is maintained in the reservoir C 3 , the valve element 44 of valve K is opened when the operating handle 32 of valve H is moved to the position shown, in which valve element 34 of valve H is opened through the action of a spring 33 compressed between a cam, controlled by the handle, and hollow valveactuating stem 30. In this condition of the system the springs 16 of the actuators G are maintained compressed unless the pressure in reservoir C 3  falls below a predetermined value, upon which relay valve K operates to close the valve element 44 and partially exhaust chambers G 2  to offset the action of the springs 16 which are now partially effective. Since relay valve K is self-lapping, the combined effect of the springs 16 and the reduced pressure in chambers G 2  (when the driver is operating the brake pedal) is maintained substantially constant regardless of pressure changes in the reservoir C 3 . When operating handle 32 is moved to another position to close the valve element 34 and exhaust chambers G 1  and K 1 , valve element 44 immediately closes and the brakes are applied solely by the springs 16. To obtain a similar effect in the case of the trailer brakes, the control chamber M 1  of the valve M is also connected to line 56 so that upon loss of pressure in reservoir C 3  the reservoir C 4 , normally isolated from section 72<SP>1</SP> of line 72 by the normally-closed valve element 66, is connected, through opening of the valve element 66 by a spring 68, to supply the line 72 on the trailer and through further lines 94 to feed air to the emergency chambers S 2  of the trailer rear wheel brake actuators S, again in proportion to the loss of pressure in reservoir C 3 , so as to supplement the falling pressure in the service chambers S 1  of actuators S caused by reduced service pressure in line 74, acting via the relay/emergency valve Q on the trailer air supply via line 90 to the chambers S 1 , there being a conventional arrangement including trailer reservoir P, feeding front wheel brake actuators R and the chambers S 1  of the rear wheel brake actuators via the valve Q. The embodiment of Fig. I (not shown), is a simplification applicable either to vehicles without a trailer, or where the trailer rear wheel brake actuators do not include emergency chambers, the valve M and line 72 accordingly being omitted. In a further embodiment (Fig. 4, not shown), the valves H and K are combined for common manual actuation by a handle acting, by way of a common camming surface (120, Figs. 5-7, not shown), of an axiallymovable collar (116) provided on an actuating rod (114), on a pair of plungers (28a, 38a) operating respective valve elements (34a, 44a) of the valves (Ha, Ka) by way of hollow exhaust stems (30a, 42a) which are formed integrally with the plungers. In this embodiment there is no automatic control over the operation of the actuators (G) provided with the emergency spring motors. In all the embodiments, the manually-operated valve or valves may be modified for electrical operation under remote manual control.