Patent GB-847689-A (GB)
Title: Method of hydrofining mixtures of hydrocarbons
Inventor: DORSCHNER OSKAR
IPC: C10G45/72
Filed: 1957-12-18
Abstract: <PICT:0847689/IV(b)/1> <PICT:0847689/IV(b)/2> In hydrogenating mixtures of hydrocarbons containing olefinic unsaturates and organically bound oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or sulphur as impurities in the presence of sulphur-resistant catalysts, the best results are obtained by selecting the hydrogen partial pressure at the catalyst as a function of the bromine number of the feed within the region bounded by curves b and c of the graph shown in Fig. 1 wherein a is the curve for a wideboiling fraction (40 DEG -220 DEG  C.).  Curve c shows the displacement of the relationship for lower boiling range fractions (40 DEG -160 DEG  C.) and curve b that for higher fractions (100 DEG -220 DEG  C.).  The process is particularly applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures obtained in the dry distillation of solid and liquid fuels, e.g. coal and petroleum residues, and in the distillation of shale oil.  Ordinary industrial hydrogen, preferably over 90% purity, may be used.  The feed hydrogen mixture may be heated by heat-exchange with the effluent from the reactor and if this is unsufficient air or oxygen may be introduced into the reactor. The process is preferably conducted in two or more stages, e.g. by employing two reactors or two or more separate layers of catalyst, with fresh gas being introduced before the second or between the first and last stage.  The increase in temperature between the stages should not exceed 75 DEG  C. and may be controlled by cooling or adding oxygen to the gas introduced at the end of the first stage.  The temperature is preferably also related to the bromine number of the feed as shown in the region between curves e and d of Fig. 2.  The oil/catalyst ratio may be 0,1 to 5 tons per cubic meter and the gas recycle rate 500-2,500 normal cubic metres per 1,000 kg. of crude.  The catalyst may comprise oxides of molybdenum or cobalt and molybdenum on a carrier such as clay. The process leaves the aromatic content of the feed substantially unaffected.ALSO:<PICT:0847689/III/1> <PICT:0847689/III/2> In hydrofining mixtures of hydrocarbons containing olefinic unsaturates and organically bound oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or sulphur as impurities in the presence of sulphur-resistant catalysts, the best results are ensured by employing a hydrogen partial pressure at the catalyst which is a function of the bromine number of the feed and is selected from within the region bounded by curves b and c of the graph shown in Fig. 1, wherein a is the curve for a wide-boiling fraction (40-220 DEG C.).  Curve c shows the displacement of the relationship for lower boiling range fractions (40-160 DEG C.) and curve b that for higher fractions (100-220 DEG C.).  The process is particularly applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures obtained in the dry distillation of solid and liquid fuels, e.g. coal and petroleum residues, and in the distillation of shale oil.  Ordinary industrial hydrogen, preferably over 90% purity, may be used.  The feed hydrogen mixture may be heated by heat-exchange with the effluent from the reactor and, if this is insufficient, air or oxygen may be introduced into the reactor.  The process is preferably conducted in two or more stages, e.g. by employing two reactors or two or more separate layers of catalyst, with fresh gas being introduced before the second or between the first and last stage.  The increase in temperature between the stages should not exceed 75 DEG C. and may be controlled by cooling or adding oxygen to the gas introduced at the end of the first stage.  The temperature is preferably also related to the bromine number of the feed as shown in the region between curves e and d of Fig. 2.  The oil/catalyst ratio may be 0.1 to 5 tons per cubic metre and the gas recycle rate 500-2,500 normal cubic metres per 1000 kg. of crude.  The catalyst may comprise oxides of molybdenum or cobalt and molybdenum on a carrier such as clay.  The process leaves the aromatic content of the feed substantially unaffected.