baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-510450-A (GB)
Title: Improved manufacture of styrene and related compounds
IPC: C07C4/12
Filed: 1938-02-01
Abstract: 510,450. Styrene and like vinyl aromatic compounds ; resins. TENNANT, W. J. (Dow Chemical Co.). Feb. 1, 1938, No. 3162. [Class 2 (iii)] Styrene and other compounds containing a vinyl or substituted vinyl group attached directly to an aromatic nucleus are produced by mixing an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least 2 carbon atoms in a side chain, or a nuclear halogenated derivative thereof, with steam which has been superheated sufficiently to supply the heat of pyrolysis, and immediately thereafter bringing the mixture to a temperature below that at which the pyrolysis occurs rapidly, i.e., below 700‹C. The aralkyl compound such as ethylbenzene is preferably preheated, e.g., to 200-400‹C., before admixture with steam, superheated usually above 700‹, and preferably to 850-1200‹C., to form a mixture having a temperature usually between 800 and 950 ‹C. The heating time should be'short, e.g., not more than 1 and preferably 0.5 see., the mixture being immediately cooled below 700‹C. Reaction temperatures below 700‹C., e.g., 650‹C., may be employed when using dehydrogenation catalysts such as active charcoal. Pressure is usually atmospheric up to 50 lb./in<2>. The reacted mixture is further cooled to condense the styrene and unreacted ethylbenzene which can be separated by distillation, or heated under pressure to form a resin from which the ethylbenzene is distilled and again pyrolysed. Isopropylbenzene below 780‹C. similarly yields mainly alpha-methyl-styrene, and above 780‹C. mainly styrene. Secondary butyl-benzene yields styrene and allyl-benzene as described in Specification 510,451. Diethyl-benzene gives ethyl-vinyl-benzene and divinyl-benzene, temperature below 800‹C. favouring the former and higher temperatures the latter. Nuclear methyl or halogen derivatives react similarly. Thus, 4 chlor- or 2.4 dichlor-ethyl-benzene gives the corresponding chlor-styrene, and 2-ethyltoluene gives 2-methyl-styrene. Alkyl-naphthalenes yield vinyl-naphthalene or homologues, e.g., ethyl-naphthalene gives vinyl-naphthalene,. and isopropyl-naphthalene gives vinyl- and alpha-methyl-vinyl-naphthalene. In examples : (1) ethyl-benzene heated to 160‹C. is passed with superheated steam, giving a temperature after admixture of 855‹C., through a tubular reactor, the time for which it was maintained about 700‹C. being about .025 sec. and,styrene being formed ; (2) isopropyl-benzene at 220‹C. is mixed with superheated steam to give a final temperature of 805‹C. Reaction time is less than .05 sec. and styrene and alpha-methylstyrene are obtained. Diethyl-benzene, ethyltoluene, ethyl-chlor-benzene, and diisopropylbenzene are pyrolyzed similarly.
Patent GB-1496192-A (GB)
Title: Ceramic coating on nickel and chromium substrates
IPC: C23D3/00
Filed: 1975-01-24
Abstract: 1496192 Ceramic materials FERRO CORP 24 Jan 1975 [24 Jan 1974] 3195/75 Heading C1J [Also in Divisions C7 and B2] A substrate of, e.g. stainless steel is coated with a ceramic slip after first applying an oxide or a thermally decomposable compound of a transition metal. The slip may comprise (parts by weight): frit 100, clay 6, boric acid “, bentonite “, potassium nitrite 3/8, chrome oxide 30, water 35. In another example the chrome oxide is 2 and water 45. Two examples of frit compositions are described, one of which comprises (per cent weight) BaO 16À03, B 2 O 3  7À42, CaO 1À47, K 2 O 1À28, Li 2 O 0À76, MgO 0À28, Na 2 O 2À46, SiO 2  44À12, TiO 2  8À57, ZnO 11À91, ZrO 2  2À76, SrO 0À84, CeO 2  2À11.
Patent GB-100139-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Electric Potentiometers.
Inventor: WUNSCH FELIX
IPC: G01K7/13
Filed: 1916-03-03
Abstract: 100,139. Wunsch, F. March 4, 1915. [Convention date]. Pyrometers.-Thermo-couples are connected between the two branches of a double potentiometer, the contact on the main branch moving along a scale giving the temperature of the hot junction, while the auxiliary branch is manually adjustable or automatically variable in accordance with the temperature of the cold junction. As shown in Fig. 1, the main branch is a wire r with a temperature or electromotive force scale a and a sliding contact 8 connected to the couple 1'; the auxiliary branch is a slide wire r<1> and resistance 22 with a sliding contact 13 connected to the galvanometer 12. The contact 13 is set to the temperature of the cold junction on the scale, and the contact 8 is then adjusted while the key 11 is depressed. A key 14 enables the current from the main battery E to be adjusted by means of the rheostats 1, 2 and comparison with the standard cell 17. The auxiliary slide wire is shunted by an adjusting resistance 23, and both branches are shunted by a similar resistance b. To alter the range of the instrument for different couples, a resistance 19 and a shunt resistance 21 can be introduced by shifting a plug from contacts 18 to 20. The range of the auxiliary scale d may be varied by inserting a resistance 28, as indicated in Fig. 3, or otherwise. In these arrangements, the low-temperature scale is correct for one range only; an arrangement in which it is correct for both ranges is indicated in Fig. 8, a plug being inserted at 30 for one range, and at 20, 31 for the second range. Automatic adjustment is obtained by using resistances of suitable value and temperature coefficient. As shown in Fig. 12, the auxiliary branch of the potentiometer comprises resistances 35, 36, 37, of which 35 has a large positive coefficient and may be of nickel, while 36, 37 are comparatively high resistances of lowtemperature-coefficient, for instance manganin; the galvanometer 12 and standard cell 17, in this arrangement, are permanently connected to the auxiliary branch and a key switch 25. When a couple is used with leads of different material, the arrangement shown in Fig. 15 is adopted; the compensating-resistance 35 is, in this case, located near the junctions of the thermo-couple T with its copper leads 48, 49, and is connected to the instrument by similar leads 55, 56, 57 as shown. According to the Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) a single branch potentiometer may be automatically compensated by means of a resistance of negative temperature-coefficient, for instance carbon; as indicated in Fig. 18 (cancelled), the compensating-resistance 63 is connected in series with the slide wire r. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1438554-A (GB)
Title: Electrodeposition of bright nickel-iron or nickel-cobalt-iron  deposits
IPC: C25D3/14
Filed: 1973-05-31
Abstract: 1438554 Electro-plating iron-nickel alloy OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORP 31 May 1973 [3 July 1972(3)] 03317/76 Divided out of 1438552 Heading C7B NiFe alloy optionally containing Co is electrodeposited from the following bath (a) Fe, Ni and optionally up to 50 wt. per cent of the Ni or Co ions, (b) an Ni brightening agent, (c) an Fe complexing agent containing at least two complexing groups at least one being CooH and the other CooH or OH and (d) a buffer effective to maintain a pH of 2À5- 5À5, e.g. H 3 BO 3  or Na acetate. Optional components are compounds R, NC (R 2 ) SR 3  and XO 3  SRSA, both as described in Specification 1438553. The complexing agent may be citric or gluconic acid (others listed) or a salt thereof including the Fe salt. Conventional Fe, Ni and Co sources (including a soluble Fe or Ni Fe anode) and brighteners are used, examples of the latter being sulpho-oxygen, acetylenic, betaine and N-heterocyclic queteruary compounds. A product containing up  to 50 wt. per cent Fe may be obtained at 120-180 F with a c.d of 10-70ASF with or without agitation. A subsequent micro-cracked Cr layer may be plated. The substrate may be steel or ABS, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene or phenol-aldehyde resins with an initial coating of Cu or Ni. In examples sulphate/chloride baths buffered with H3B03 contain also, (1) NH4 hydrogen citrate, saccharin, allyl sulphonate, butyne diol/ethylene oxide condensate and quinaldine propane sultone, (2) Na gluconate, saccharin, allyl sulphonate, glycerol ether of butyne diol bath sulphonated and unsulphonated, sulphonated epichlorhydrin/ proparyl alcohol adduct and optionally thiourea-S- acetic acid, (3) as (1) but with di-NH 4  citrate and optionally including benzene sulphinate; and (4) as (2) but including both Na gluconate and citrate and with dithiodipropane sulphonate instead of the thiourea compound.
Patent GB-1212923-A (GB)
Title: Electric heating panel, method of making the same and a thermosetting plastic cake for use in the manufacture of the same
Inventor: MACGUIRE ANDREW EDWARD
IPC: H05B3/28
Filed: 1968-01-22
Abstract: 1,212,923. Thermosetting resin laminates; moulded heater panel. D. C. L. DALZIEL (A. E. MacGuire). 9 April, 1969 [22 Jan., 1968], No. 3351/68. Headings B5A and B5N. [Also in Division H5] An electric heating panel is made by placing an electric heating element between at least two cakes, each of which comprises a homogeneous mixture of an uncured water soluble thermosetting resin, a plasticizer therefor and a chemically inert filler, and applying heat and pressure to the cakes to force the cakes together and cure the resin until the cakes unite to form a coherent body. The cakes are made by pouring a water based mixture of polymerizable resin, filler, plasticizer and accelerator into a forming tray with a foraminous screened bottom, drawing of excess moisture by means of a vacuum applied to the bottom, and placing a cover over the tray, the cover being drawn down by the vacuum to produce a level upper surface. After drying, the cake is removed by applying a vacuum to the cover which thus causes the cake to adhere to it. The partially dried cake is then air dried until its moisture content is between 8 and 12% by weight. The polymerizable water soluble resin is preferably of the phenolic type, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde, the plasticizer may be zinc stearate, furfural, barium hydroxide or barium stearate, the filler may be silica flour and/or powdered slate, asbestos, glass fibres, fly ash, mica, powder, or ground kraft fibres, and the accelerator may be aluminium sulphate, alum, calcium chloride potassium sulphide or sodium carbonate. Preferably the heating panel is made from three cakes, the centre one 32 being notched and wound with resistance wire 38 prior to being sandwiched between the outer cakes 30, 34. The three cakes are united to form a unitary structure between heated patterned platens of a press to form a dimpled or grooved heating panel. The panel is preferably coloured black to improve its thermal properties and if it is desired to radiate from one surface only its other surface may be provided with a reflecting coating of gold or aluminium paint. In an alternative embodiment, centre cake 32 may be replaced by an asbestos sheet having openings therein.
Patent GB-418557-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to insulating materials for electrical purposes
IPC: H01B3/28
Filed: 1934-02-01
Abstract: Insulating materials comprise a mixture of rubber, at least one polymerized hydrocarbon of the group of the polyvinyl compounds and a smaller proportion of a halogen derivative of naphthalene or other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon.  The composition may be vulcanized, although this is not necessary, while the rubber may be freed from albumen on other water soluble constituents particularly when the material is to be used for submarine cables. In an example, an admixture of 50 per cent rubber, 25 per cent polystyrol, 10 per cent of the wax known under the Registered Trade Mark "Nibren" (a chlorinated naphthalene) and 15 per cent of another wax as, for example, S wax (refined montan wax) or the wax known under the Registered Trade Mark "Superla," has specified advantageous electrical constants.
Patent GB-228707-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in screw propellers
IPC: B64C11/36
Filed: 1924-02-09
Abstract: 228,707. Burbidge, J. W. Feb. 9, 1924. Screw propellers. - In a variable-pitch screw propeller eccentrically disposed pins on the blade roots engage grooves in a flat head on a movable sleeve, the plane of the head and grooves being at right-angles to the sleeve axis. The blade roots 2 are journaled at 3 in the split boss 4 and have enlarged ends 7 which carry pins 9. A sleeve 10 is slidably mounted on the propeller shaft 5 and has a flat disc or head provided with grooves 12 into which project the pins 9. Bv sliding the sleeve, the blades are turned in their journals with consequent alterat'ion of pitch.
Patent GB-1498632-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-dibenzo(c,f)-pyrazino(1,2-a)azepines and 1,2,3,4,10,14b-dibenzo-(c,f)-pyrimidino(3,4-a)-azepines
IPC: C07D241/04
Filed: 1975-01-28
Abstract: 1498632 Dibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepines and dibenzo[c,f]pyrimidino[3,4-a]azepines AKZO NV 28 Jan 1975 [9 Feb 1974] 3670/75 Heading C2C Compounds I or salts thereof in which R 1  and R 2  are H, OH, Hal, C 1-4  alkyl, C 1-4  alkoxy or CF 7 ; R 3  is H, C 1-6  alkyl, C 7-10  aralkyl or amino C 1-6  alkyl (in which the amino group is di-C 1-4  alkylated or represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring); and m is 1 and n is 2 or m is 2 and n is 1; are prepared by ring closure in the presence of an acid of a compound III or a salt thereof in which X is Hal, etherified hydroxy or acyloxy.
Patent GB-547571-A (GB)
Title: A method of manufacturing artificial limbs
IPC: A61F2/60
Filed: 1941-03-20
Abstract: 547,571. Synthetic resin articles; moulding artificial limbs. HANGER & CO., Ltd., J. E., BROWN, P., and WALKER, F. J. March 20, 1941, No: 3814. [Class 2 (iii)] [Also in Group V] Artificial limbs, or parts thereof, are made by applying a liquid mixture of synthetic resin and hardener to a reinforcing base, e.g. of fibrous textile material, metallic gauze or sheet, or leather, and winding in layers upon a former shaped in conformity with the limb to be produced. After winding, the material is preferably dried at a temperature of 70-100‹C. for a period varying with the size and thickness. A specified synthetic resin is a phenolic ore ; plasticizers, e.g. tricresyl phosphate or triphenyl phosphate, and fillers, e.g. cut cotton, cut string, woollen or cotton flock, or mineral fillers may be added : an example comprises a liquid phenolic resin with a mineral filler of granite chips, chalk or powdered stone and oxalic acid as hardener.
Patent GB-733859-A (GB)
Title: Method for the supervision of speed reduction in an automatic train control system
IPC: B61L3/12
Filed: 1952-02-15
Abstract: 733,859. Automatic train control. SOC. TECHNIQUE POUR L'INDUSTRIE NOUVELLE SOC. ANON. STIN. Feb. 15, 1952 [Feb. 16, 1951], No. 4059/52. Drawings to Specification. Class 105. In an automatic train control system the reduction of speed of a train between two reference points such as the distant and home signals is supervised by comparing a voltage dependent on the speed of the train with a drop in potential derived from a standard timevariation in temperature brought into effect at the first reference point, e.g. the distant signal, so that the train is stopped if the voltage dependent on the speed of the train exceeds by a predetermined value, the drop of potential derived from the said time-variation in temperature. Such standard may be obtained from a heated body having a temperatureexpansion or temperature-resistance coefficient, held at a constant temperature until the train passes the first reference point and is then allowed to warm up or cool down. The voltage VI derived from the speed of the train feeds a circuit including in series an automatic-braking control relay and a time-varied resistance consisting of a temperature-sensitive resistance element or a light-sensitive cell whose resistance varies with the amount of light falling on it, which amount of light is controlled by the timevariation in length of an element having an expansion-temperature coefficient, or this element may directly vary by mechanical adjustment a variable resistor, so that the relay will operate when the voltage V1 exceeds by a predetermined value the drop in potential across the resistance.
Patent GB-558147-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the separation of sugar crystals from a solution thereof
IPC: C13B30/02
Filed: 1942-03-27
Abstract: 558,147. Concentrated saccharine solutions. KINGS PATENT AGENCY, Ltd. (Du Courdray, L. R. L. B.). March 27, 1942, No. 4078. [Class 32] Sugar crystals are separated intermittently from a solution, e.g. molasses syrup until the solution is exhausted by concentrating the massecuite in a vacuum pan 11 provided with a closed circuit comprising a substractor 12, a massecuit receiver 13, a centrifuge 14 and purging tank 15 and return pipe 24. The substractor 12 and the pan 11 are connected by means of a pipe 16 provided with an intermittently operated valve 17; a pressure equalising pipe 18 with valve 19 is provided between the substractor 12 and the pan 11. The pressure is first equalised between the pan 11 and the substractor 12 and a quantity of the syrup is then passed into the substractor and thence to the centrifuge 14 and tank 15 where separation of crystals is effected the syrup being returned through line 24 and pressure equalising means to the pan 11.
Patent GB-705923-A (GB)
Title: Shelf board supports, fastened by nails, and with angular supporting brackets
Inventor: SCHOLZ ERNST
IPC: A47B96/06
Filed: 1951-02-20
Abstract: 705,923. Brackets. VARREN, A. Feb. 20, 1951, No. 4094/51. Class 52(5) [Also in Group XXV] A shelf support comprises a nail shank 1 provided with a swaged part 2 supporting a circular nail head disc 3 formed with a projection 7 directed towards the wall. The riveting head 5 of the nail projects beyond the front face of the disc to allow the nail to be hammered into position. The supporting bracket 11 is bent from a blanked piece of sheet metal and comprises a supporting face 12 bent over to form a lower surface 15 which is then bent to form vertical legs 16. The space between the legs is sufficient to allow the bracket to be slid into position over the projection 7. The supporting surface 12 and the horizontal surface 15 are provided with recesses 18, 19 respectively to receive the disc 3. A strap 24 engaging behind the nail head disc may be provided.
Patent GB-636998-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in release or detent mechanisms, in particular for gas operated automatic guns
IPC: F41A19/12
Filed: 1948-02-12
Abstract: 636,998. Guns. BREVETS AERO-MECANIQUES SOC. ANON. Feb. 12, 1948, No. 4183. Convention date, Feb. 24, 1947. [Class 92 (ii)] [Also in Group XXIV] A sear system for holding a moving gun part (such as the breech-block of a gas-operated automatic gun) against the action of a high return force (such as that of a return spring) is divided into two portions, the masses of which, when the sear is engaged, are set in motion successively against the action of restraining springs. In the form shown, the breech-block 2, Fig. 1, of an automatic gun, which is subject to the action of a strong return spring (not shown), is retained in open position by a pivoted sear 3 released by a rod 3a. The sear has a pin-and-slot connection 8, 7 with a supporting block 6 having springs 9, 10, Fig. 2, compressed by fixed plungers 11, 13 when the sear and block move forwardly due to the impact of the breech-block on the sear. The arrangement is such that the sear 3 first moves against the action of spring 9 alone and then the sear and block move against the action of all three springs. The plungers 13 may bear against a fibre block 14 and, if desired, may be braked by hydraulic dashpot action in the cylinders 6a, 6b.
Patent GB-720713-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to between-lens pivoted blade shutters
IPC: G03B9/70
Filed: 1953-02-16
Abstract: 720,713. Photographic camera shutters. DECKEL, H., and DECKEL, F. W. Feb. 16, 1953 [April 3, 1952], No. 4263/53. Class 98 (1). A between-lens pivoted blade shutter with a setting element which is manually movable to set a spring-driven master member for actuating the shutter blades and which returns to its initial position when released, is characterized by a locking means which is positively coupled with the said setting element after its return to the initial position to prevent the said element being moved while the said master member is set. As shown, the spring-driven annular master member 4 is set by engagement of an arm 6 thereon by a manually operable slide 2 which, when the master member is held set by the trigger, is allowed to be returned by its spring 7 to the position shown in which it is latched by an anticlockwise-urged pivoted pawl 8. On operating the trigger, the master member is released to cause the cam 14 on it to open and close the blades 15 as described in Specification 275,462, [Class 98 (i)], and simultaneously a shoulder 16 thereon trips the pawl 8 releasing the slide. In a modification, the latching pawl is tripped by a pin on a moving element of a flashlight synchronizer released by the shutter trigger. The slide may be adapted simultaneously to feed the film whereby missed and double exposures are avoided.
Patent GB-562447-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vices
IPC: B25B1/24
Filed: 1943-03-16
Abstract: 562,447. Vices. F.N. (ENGINEERS), Ltd., and FROST, W. March 16, 1943, No. 4268. [Class 61 (ii)] A vice of the kind comprising a slotted body member with a flat upper work supporting surface and a pair of relatively slidable jaws disposed in the slot together with means for guiding the jaws and means for raising and lowering and opening and closing the jaws, such as described in Specification. 405,085, has the guide 6 for the relatively movable jaws 4, 5 in the form of a tube concentric with and enclosing the adjustment screw 13 which engages a nut 16 which has clearance within the tube and is provided with a downward projection secured by a grub screw 17 to the movable jaw 4. Both jaws may be movable by means of a right and left screw. The tubular guide 6 which supports both jaws is movable up and down in slot guides, it may' be by racks and pinions, and is clamped in adjusted vertical position by a nut 7 engaging the threaded reduced end 6a of the body. The relatively movable jaws are guided laterally by vertical plates 11 adjusted by screws 12 mounted in the lateral channel frame members 3 which are welded between the slotted upper and lower plates 1, 2 and together with the latter make up the body.
Patent GB-810027-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to anion-exchange resins
Inventor: KRESSMAN THEODORE ROGER ERNEST
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1956-02-10
Abstract: Anion - exchange resins comprising cross - linked polymers with active groups containing two nitrogen atoms joined by a radical which does not contain a carbon chain, and linked to the polymer by alkylene radicals, are prepared by reacting a cross-linked polymers, e.g. copolymers of styrene with divinyl benzene or ketone and a bis-(dialkylamino) compound such as bis-(dimethylamino) methane and bis-(dimethylamino) dimethyl ether in which the radical joining the two nitrogen atoms of the amino groups does not contain a carbon chain.  A mixture of tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium compounds may be formed and the amine converted to the quaternary compound by treatment with methyl bromide or dimethyl sulphate.  In an example beads of a suspension copolymer of styrene and divinyl ketone are chloromethylated with ethylene dichloride chlormethyl methyl ether and anhydrous aluminium chloride, and the product reacted with bis-(dimethylamino) methane.  Specification 808,844 is referred to.