baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-628656-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the hydrolysis of organic esters
IPC: C07C51/09
Filed: 1947-04-24
Abstract: A continuous process for the hydrolysis of an ester of which the acid and alcohol are of substantially different volatilities comprises heating a mixture of the ester and water and, if desired, a hydrolysis catalyst, fractionating the vapours into two fractions containing the bulk of the acid and the bulk of the alcohol respectively, dehydrating the acid fraction in vapour phase, and utilizing the heat of the acid vapours to assist in separation of alcohol from the fraction containing it while condensing said vapours.  Methyl formate from tank 7 and constant level vessel 5 is fed to a column 9a associated with a hydrolyzing vessel 13a from which it overflows to succeeding vessels 13b, 13n in cascade fashion. Water is fed to vessel 13a via meter 14, and catalyst such as sulphuric or phosphoric acid via line 18a from tank 18.  Columns 9a, 9b, 9n receive vapours from the boiling liquids in 13a, 13b, 13n, respectively.  Methyl formate vapour <PICT:0628656/IV (b)/1> is fed to vessel 13n by fan 8 and passes through column 9n, and counter-current to the liquid in the hydrolyzing vessels.  Vapours consisting primarily of methanol and methyl formate emerge from column 9a, and liquid which is primarily formic acid with a small proportion of water overflows from vessel 13n.  This liquid passes to a column 16 where methanol and methyl formate present are separated and recirculated by fan 8, while formic acid is separated in heater 17 from catalyst, which is recycled by fan 19, and then fed to a column 21.  An azeotropic mixture of formic acid and water collects at the base and is returned to the hydrolyzing vessels via emulsifier 20, while anhydrous acid condenses in coil 3, cooler 22, and tank 23. Vapours from column 9a pass to column 1 heated by the formic acid vapours fed to coil 3 and by a steam coil 2.  Methanol collects at the base of column 1 while methyl formate vapours pass to fan 8 and tank 5.  Substances such as benzene or heptane, which increase the coefficient of volatility of the alcohol, may be added to vessel 13n and are recovered in admixture with the alcohol.  Pressures may be equal to or above or below atmospheric.
Patent GB-485806-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to modulation systems, for high frequency electric signalling
IPC: H01J25/68
Filed: 1937-04-16
Abstract: 485,806. Valve generating and modulating circuits ; thermionic valves. TELEFUNKEN GES. FUR DBAHTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE. April 16, 1937, No. 10941. Convention date, April 16, 1936. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] In an oscillation generator of the magnetron type or the retarding-field type having an anode surrounding an axial cathode and having end plates transverse to the cathode, the end-plates are biassed negatively and modulating voltages are applied to them with the object of producing frequency modulation without amplitude modulation. Fig. 4 shows a magnetron with a split anode Al, A2 connected to a Lecher-wire tuning system O, and with its end-plates S biassed negatively by a source US and coupled to the modulating-source M by a transformer T. The curves of Fig. 3 (not shown) indicate that the modulation voltage varies the frequency of the oscillation without varying its amplitude. When amplitude modulation is effected by other means, e.g. as shown in Fig. 5, by coupling the modulating-source M to the anode circuit, the modulation may also be applied to the negative ond-plates S1, S2 with the object of compensating any undesired frequency modulation. Specification 468,271 is referred to.
Patent GB-929980-A (GB)
Title: A parametric amplifier
IPC: H03F7/04
Filed: 1961-03-24
Abstract: 929,980. Parametric amplifiers. MICROWAVE ASSOCIATES Inc. March 24, 1961 [April 25, 1960], No. 10958/61. Class 40 (9). A negative resistance type parametric amplifier using a pump frequency many times the signal frequency comprises a first circuit tunable to the signal frequency, a second circuit coupled with the first by a non-linear reactance device to the first and carrying the pump frequency, signal energy being prevented from entering the second circuit, a part of which, however, is tunable to the idler frequency. As shown, Fig. 2, the signal frequency is fed via input 51 to the cavity 21 tunable by the movement of a conductor 27 in and out of the cavity. The pump frequency is fed via a rectangular waveguide 41 intersecting the cavity and having a hole in its side-wall through which protrudes the crystal diode 45, whose penetration into the waveguide is varied with the movement of the tuning conductor. The waveguide is dimensioned so as not to carry the pump frequency and carries an extension at the end opposite to that from which the pump frequency is fed, this extension carrying an adjustable short circuit which enables this section to be tuned to the idler frequency. The amplifier chamber is shown feeding a mixer comprising chambers 22, 23 tuned to the intermediate and local oscillator frequencies. The amplified signal is fed from chamber 21 to 22 over means not shown and beats with the local oscillator in a diode held in a holder 62 situated in a gap in the dividing wall 25, means being connected to the diode holder to abstract the intermediate frequency signal. In a modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), the pump waveguide is external to the signal cavity, both cavity and waveguides having adjacent walls which are pierced to provide an aperture in which the crystal diode is situated to provide the coupling between the waveguide and the signal cavity. The aperture may be provided with a low-pass filter for preventing the pump frequency from entering the signal cavity. In a further modification the waveguide, apertured to carry the crystal diode, has the aperture connected to the signal cavity by means of a #/2 coaxial line. Specification 877,757 is referred to.
Patent GB-712364-A (GB)
Title: Control means for liquid fuel injection pumps
Inventor: NICOLLS WILFRID EDWARD WALTER
IPC: F02D1/06
Filed: 1952-05-01
Abstract: 712,364. Speed governors. C.A.V., Ltd. April 21, 1953 [May 1, 1952], No. 10989/52. Class 57. Control means for a liquid fuel injection pump b comprises a chamber f connected with the engine intake manifold, a spring-loaded diaphragm or piston c connected to the output-regulating member e of the pump, an air-bleed valve having an axially slidable closure member i operable by the diaphragm or piston, an axially slidable seating member h for the member i. and a second diaphragm or piston k connected to the seating member and dividing a second chamber into two compartments m, n; the arrangement is such that when the member i is moved to its open position by the diaphragm c a follow-up movement is imparted to the member h by a differential air pressure acting on the diaphragm k. The member i is operated only at idling speed or a high speed under light load and permits air to be drawn into the chamber f through ports s t and u to stabilise the action of the diaphragm c. Air is also drawn from the closed chamber n through a restricted orifice r to produce the differential air pressure on the diaphragm k which displaces the seating member h to adjust the air flow for maximum stabilising action. This displacement may also restrict the air flow through the port t. In a modified construction, both chambers m, n are connected with the atmosphere and air is drawn past the closure member i from the chamber n to produce the differential pressure on the diaphragm k. No ports t are provided and the member h has an axial through-bore.
Patent GB-260870-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to railway rail joints
IPC: E01B11/58
Filed: 1926-04-26
Abstract: 260,870. Rhodes, B. April 26, 1926. Rail joints; chair plates; chairs, securing to sleepers.-Rail ends 18 with fishplates 24 are secured on chair plates 14 by devices 19 which are locked in holes 15 in the plates 14 by means engaging both the devices 19 and holes 15. As shown, bolts 19 with heads 21 are prevented from rotation after the rails are in place by wedges 29 which engage a slot 22 in the bolt and a keyway in the hole 15. The thread of the bolt is nicked or burred below the nut under the sleeper.
Patent GB-456523-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in straight bar knitting machines
IPC: D04B11/00
Filed: 1935-04-10
Abstract: 456,523. Knitting-machines. COTTON, Ltd., W., and WILDERS, G., Pinfold Gate, Loughborough, Leicestershire. April 10, 1936, No. 11082. [Class 74 (ii)] The needle bar of a cotton machine is provided with a displaceable portion in each section which can be racked out during heel formation in an upwardly inclined path or plane. The divided portions are moved out in two stages, the first being a short one, and are returned in one motion by springs. At the base of a gap in each needle-bar 1 is a slideway 3 carrying the instep portion 4 of the bar 1. The inclination of the slideways 3 to the horizontal may be adjusted. Each portion 4 carries a short rack 10 engaging a wheel 7 and is moved laterally and upwardly when required by a sliding shaft 9 carrying rack teeth. A number of portions 4 are racked in and out together by a shaft 11 extending the length of the machine and coupled to as many of the shafts 9 as are required to be in action. The effective length of the portions 4 may be varied. and removable and interchangeable end pieces of different sizes may be used to this end. The gap is correspondingly varied by moving the side portions 1 towards or away from each other.
Patent GB-1011645-A (GB)
Title: Process for stretching filaments of synthetic polymers particularly polyethylene terephthalate
IPC: D01F6/62
Filed: 1964-03-16
Abstract: 1,011,645. Stretching synthetic polymer filaments. GUISEPPE AZIMONTE & FIGLI. March 16, 1964 [Oct. 9, 1963], No. 11100/64. Heading B5B. In the stretching of filaments of synthetic polymers, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, the filaments in their travel from the feed rolls to the draw rolls are caused to pass successively over and in contact with two heated snubbing pins, of which the first has a diameter of not less than 60 mm. and the second has a diameter of less than 15 mm., the first snubbing pin being maintained at a temperature not exceeding 90‹ C. and the second being maintained at a temperature above 130‹ C. the snubbing pins having peripheral surfaces of such a nature that the coefficient of friction between the filaments and the first pin is higher than that between the filaments and the second pin. The diameter of the first pin is preferably about 70 mm. The diameter of the second pin is preferably 12 mm. The temperature of the surface of the first pin is preferably about 80‹ C. The temperature of the surface of the second pin is preferably about 140‹ C. Both pins may be chromium plated, the surface of the first pin being polished and smooth and the second pin having a matt or satin-like or dull finish. The coefficient of friction between the filaments and the first pin may be about double that between the filaments and the second pin. The distance between the axes of the pins may be 80 to 90 mm. The pins may be hollow and they may be maintained at the desired respective surface temperatures by circulating through them a heated liquid having a high boiling point such as a mixture of diphenyloxide and diphenyl. The filaments may be stretched at a stretch ratio of 3À5 to 5À0.
Patent GB-404840-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of dyestuffs
IPC: C09B43/06
Filed: 1933-04-13
Abstract: Azo dyes; dyes of unspecified constitution.--Dyes, fast to light and specially useful for dyeing leather yellow to brown shades, are obtained by treating with an oxidising agent, particularly a cupric oxide compound, in alkaline solution, azo dyes of the general formula:-- <FORM:0404840/IV/1> wherein R is the residue of a diazo compound containing at least one sulphonic or carboxylic group, X is H or a substituent, and Y may be further substituted, the dyestuff containing no group capable of forming a metal complex under the conditions of treatment.  Treatment with a cupric compound of the corresponding dyestuffs in which the coupling component is substituted, e.g. by methyl, in p-position to the OH group yields sparingly soluble reddish compounds.  The following examples are specifed..  (1) The dyestuff aniline-4-sulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is boiled in a solution containing sodium carbonate and copper sulphate, the solution is filtered hot and the product is salted out from the filtrate; it dyes chrome leather yellow-brown shades, fast to light; if the diazo component is replaced by 4-nitraniline-2-sulphonic acid, the dyeings are golden yellow; instead of copper sulphate may be used either hydrogen peroxide in presence of cupric oxide as catalyst or ammoniacal cupric oxide. (2) The dyestuff aniline-4-sulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-oxydiphenylamine is boiled for \ba1/2\be hour in a solution containing sodium carbonate and copper sulphate, the solution is filtered hot and the product is salted out from the filtrate neutralised with hydrochloric acid; it dyes chrome leather yellow-brown shades, fast to light.  (3) The dyestuff 4-aminoazobenzene-3 : 4<1>-disulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is similarly oxidised; the product dyes chrome leather copper-red.  (4) The dyestuff 4 - nitro - 4<1> - aminodiphenylamine - 2 - sulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is similarly oxidised; the product dyes chrome or vegetable tanned leather Havanna brown; if the coupling component is replaced by 6-methyl-3-aminophenol redder shades are obtained. (5) The nitro group of the dyestuff 4-nitraniline-2-sulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is reduced and the product is similarly oxidised; the product dyes chrome or vegetable tanned leather reddish brown.  (6) The dyestuff 2-aminonaphthalene - 4 : 8 - disulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is similarly oxidised; the product dyes chrome or vegetable tanned leather clear yellowish brown; if the oxidation is effected with cupritetrammonium sulphate the product is violet brown.  (7) The dyestuff 2 : 8 : 6-aminonaphtholsulphonic acid --> (alkaline) 3-aminophenol is similarly oxidised with copper sulphate or ammoniacal cupric oxide; the product dyes chrome or vegetable tanned leather clear reddish brown.
Patent GB-808463-A (GB)
Title: Fabricating of semiconductor signal translating devices
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1957-04-05
Abstract: 808,463. Semi-conductor devices. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. April 5, 1957 [April 6, 1956], No. 11190/57. Class 37. In a method of producing alloy-type PN junctions on opposite faces of a semi-conductor wafer the wafer is clamped between two halves of a mould provided with orifices engaging opposite faces of the wafer. The impurity material to be alloyed with the semi-conductor is placed in a chamber or chambers in the mould and after melting is caused to flow to the orifices. The impurity is maintained in contact with the wafer for a predetermined period after which the unalloyed impurity is drained back into the chamber(s). In one embodiment (Fig. 3), for making a number of transistor elements in a single operation an elongated wafer of N-type germanium is mounted in an apertured channel section nickel member 1 (Fig. 2), which is tinned on its inner surface and positioned between the suitably shaped opposing faces of the two halves of a mould 12 mounted in an inert gas-filled chamber 13. Indium or indium alloy previously introduced into chambers 14, 15 through removable plugs is then melted by the induction heating coil 32 and forced by the pressure of inert gas introduced through valves 35, 36 along the channels 20, 21 to orifices 22, 23 and overflow chambers 18, 19. After a predetermined period of heating at 500 ‹ C. the gas pressure is reduced and the indium apart from a small amount adhering to the faces of the wafer drains back into chambers 16, 17. The assembly is then allowed to cool and the germanium wafer with its alloy junctions and soldered on nickel strip cut up to form single transistor units which may be encapsulated. In one alternative form of mould a single impurity chamber in one half communicates with both sets of orifices and with two sealed overflow chambers. In another form of mould one half of which is shown in Fig. 6, the channels 40, 37, communicating with the orifices are so arranged that a predetermined amount of indium is retained in contact with the wafer when draining occurs. This mould also includes gas cooling ducts 41, 42 which facilitate controlled cooling of the assembly. Connecting wires may be attached to the indium electrodes during the alloying operation. To form NPN transistors using the above described method lead-antimony alloy may be alloyed to a P-type germanium or silicon body.
Patent GB-950785-A (GB)
Title: Stylus recording with superimposed high frequency excitation
IPC: G11B3/00
Filed: 1962-03-26
Abstract: 950,785. Gramophone disc recorders. R. WAGNER. March 26,1962,No. 11405/62. Heading G5R. [Also in Division H4] A record/playback machine of the swarfless indentation type using the same transducer (see Division H4) for recording and playback with equal record and playback pressures, applies a supersonic bias frequency as well as the signal frequency to the transducer on recording so that a narrow stylus 65 records a track wider than itself and a wider stylus 111 bridges the fine structure of the recorded groove 110 on playback. A record/ playback switch (circuit, Fig. 10 not shown), turns off the bias during playback and an overcentre lever 71 is moved to free a gimbal mounting 52 for the transducer arm 57 for freer tracking. For recording, the blank is repeatably mounted over assymetric turntable projections 21 and a continuously driven flywheel 18 is engaged by an electro-magnetically operated clutch C. The mounting 52 being locked, a carriage 45, carrying the transducer arm, is driver by felt pads 42, 43 engaged with a leadscrew firmly enough to track the stylus but loosely enough to be over-ridden when the carriage is moved manually for forward- and back-spacing.
Patent GB-593764-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved exposure control system for photographic purposes
IPC: H05G1/44
Filed: 1945-05-04
Abstract: 593,764. Photographic exposure control. GRAVES, A., DAWES, T. J., and ALLTOOLS, Ltd. May 4, 1945, Nos. 11415 and 31497. [Class 40 (iii)] In an apparatus for the control of photographic exposures, e.g. in X-ray photography, a condenser is charged through a photo-electric cell from a H.T. source, and discharged at a predetermined potential by a neon or similar discharge device through a thyratron. In one embodiment, Fig. 1, light from X-ray activated fluorescent screen 1 activates a pilot photoelectric cell 3 rendering the grid of the thyratron 4 sufficiently positive for the tube to fire. The anode current through relay coil 9 opens and closes contacts 7 and 10 respectively. A bank of photo cells 2 is thereby connected between HT3 and earth in series with parallel connected variable condenser 5 and neon tube 8, the comdenser charging rate depending on the resistance of bank 2, which normally varies linearly with the intensity of the light, and on the values of the capacity selected by the arm 6. At a predetermined condenser voltage the neon tube 8 strikes with a consequential rise of thyratron 11 grid voltage, which fires and operates a relay (not shown), to extinguish the X-ray beam. To re-set for the next exposure, the HT+ lead is momentarily broken, deenergizing tubes 4 and 11 causing contacts 7, 10 to revert to normal. Where the time base is too short for the employment of a mechanised relay 9, a gas-discharge type may be substituted. The apparatus may also be used for night-photography, when the thyratron 4 opens and closes a shutter interposed between the light and the cells 2. In a second embodiment, Fig. 2 (not shown), an X-ray beam and the time base circuit are switched on manually, and the change of condenser voltage amplified thermionically before application to the grid of the thyratron operating the X-ray beam extinguishing switch.
Patent GB-1217574-A (GB)
Title: Foldable carton
Inventor: TRENTON LAURENCE DAVID
IPC: B65D5/36
Filed: 1968-03-08
Abstract: 1,217,574. Boxes. TRENTON BOX CO. Ltd. 24 Feb., 1969 [8 March, 1968], No. 11438/68. Heading B8P. A carton which is erected from a cardboard blank is arranged to be foldable flat for storage by the provision of a gusset fold 22 between sides 14 and end 12 which interlocks under a folded-over edge 16 of the end in the erected state, Fig. 1, but is extended and partly disengaged from it for flattening, Fig. 2, and scores 30 in the sides permitting these to fold to allow the back 13 of the carton to fold forwards. The centre part of the retaining flap 16 is secured by glue at 17 to the rear of the front 12. The gusset fold 22 consists of the quadrant portion 20 joining the front and sides folded at 19 22, 23, the portion 25 being glued to the inner surface of the front wall 12. In the folded condition, the gusset is unfolded and the port 26 lies on the base 11 together with the side wall 14. The rear flaps 39 are glued to the side walls 14.
Patent GB-1380396-A (GB)
Title: Ice skates
IPC: A63C1/42
Filed: 1971-04-26
Abstract: 1380396 Ice-skates MITCHEL & KING SKATES Ltd 26 April 1972 [26 April 1971] 11439/71 Heading A6D An ice-skate of the kind having a tubular reinforcing member 4 extending along the upper edge of the blade 2 and two cupped shaped support members 10 extending upwardly to the heel plate and sole plate of a skate boot is characterised in that the blade has lugs 14 which extend into the tube 4 so as to contact its inner surface. The tube 4 is preferably riveted to the blade as at 5 and the lugs 14 are positioned beneath respective support members 10. The support members 10 can be secured to the tube 4 by spot welds 18 and soft solder 20.
Patent GB-688003-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fuel injection pumps with divided injection for diesel engines
IPC: F02M45/06
Filed: 1951-05-16
Abstract: 688,003. Fuel-injection pumps. MASCHINENFABRIK AUGSBURG-NURNBERG AKT.-GES. May 16, 1951 [June 10, 1950], No. 11472/51. Class 102 (i). In a fuel-injection pump having a separate cam-operated plunger 2 for each injection nozzle and in which the injection period is interrupted to provide a preliminary injection and a main injection, the interruption is effected by connecting the pump chamber 7 with a low pressure space 5 through an annular groove 10 in the pump cylinder 1 and a transverse groove 11 in the plunger which groove may extend around the entire periphery of the plunger or only a portion thereof. The main injection period is terminated when a control edge 6 unmasks the opening of the space 5. The plunger is rotatable for varying the end of injection.
Patent GB-498453-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in sheet feeding devices for manifolding apparatus
IPC: B65H3/54
Filed: 1938-04-14
Abstract: 498,453. Feeding sheets. READ, J. I. B., and BAGULEY, W. A. April 14,1031:>, No. 11481. [Class 100 (i)] A device for feeding sheets to manifolding machines in which a friction feed roller h is reciprocated over the top of a pit d and is held by a knife j<1> from rotating as the roller moves towards the feed table c, but is free to revolve on the backward movement is constructed with a pressing device and means to prevent double feed comprising a floating frame o having a U-shaped central part and side wings o<1> extending from the front thereof. The frame rests on the pile and to the lower ends of the wings o<1> a bar p is secured which is provided with legs q which are received in slots r in the table c and serve as registering devices for the front edge of the pile. The upper edge of the bar p is nearly flush with the top sheet of the pile, and the separated top sheet passes over the top of the bar p but sheets below the top sheet are kept back by the bar p and the legs q. The machine can deal with sheets of different widths and adjustable side gauges e are provided for the pile. The frame o is fitted with upstanding ears o<2> to facilitate manipulation.