baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent LU-101088-B1 (LU)
Title: Method and System for Processing Neural Network Predictions in the Presence of Adverse Perturbations
Inventor: BEISE HANS PETER
IPC: G06K9/62
Filed: 2019-01-04
Granted: 2020-07-07
Abstract: A method of processing predictions in the presence of adversarial perturbations in a sensing system comprising a processor and, coupled thereto, a memory. The processor may be configured to connect to one or more sensors for receiving inputs (x) therefrom. The processor may be configured to run a module in the memory for implementing a neural network. The neural network may have a network function fƟ, where Ɵ are network parameters. The method may be executed by the processor and comprise generating, from the inputs (x) including at least a given input (x0), respective outputs, the outputs being predictions of the neural network and including a given output y0 corresponding to the given input (x0), where y0 = fƟ (x0). The method may further comprise generating, from a plurality of outputs including the given output y, a measurement quantity (m). The measurement quantity m may be, at or near the given input (x0), (i) a first measurement quantity M1 corresponding to a gradient of the given output y, (ii) a second measurement quantity M2 corresponding to a gradient of a predetermined objective function derived from a training process for the neural network, or (iii) a third measurement quantity M3 derived from a combination of M1 and M2. The method may further comprise determining whether the measurement quantity (m) is equal to or greater than a threshold. The method may further comprise, if the measurement quantity (m) is determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold, performing one or more remedial actions to correct for a perturbation. A method of classification based on the method is also disclosed. A corresponding sensing and/or classifying system, and a vehicle incorporating the sensing and/or classifying system, is also disclosed.
Patent LU-501999-B1 (LU)
Title: Pumped storage power station comprehensive management method, platform and system, device and medium
Inventor: ZHONG XUEHUI
IPC: G06T17/00
Filed: 2021-04-14
Granted: 2022-09-05
Abstract: Disclosed are a pumped storage power station comprehensive management method, platform and system, a device and a medium. The method comprises: acquiring digitalized delivery content of a pumped storage power station; displaying the name of each power plant object by means of the local window, and triggering the display instruction of the BIMGIS model of each completed power plant object of the pumped storage power station, and when the model display instruction is received, carrying out cloud rendering by means of a server and then carrying out 3D display of the model of the corresponding power plant object in the local window. The present invention can learn about and track and query power plant objects such as various buildings, units, apparatuses, etc. on a production site of a pumped storage power station in an overall manner, and when the local window outputs and displays a BIMGIS model of a power plant object, can prevent lagging while guaranteeing original fineness.
Patent NO-304144-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HUFFORD MARVIN P
IPC: B65B51/22
Filed: 1987-12-16
Abstract: Improved form, fill, and seal machine (10) for making aseptic sealed packages incorporating a plurality of sealing mechanisms (210, 220) mounted on a continuously advancing structure (200) in a form, fill, and seal machine. Induction heating is used to longitudinally seal the edges (24, 26) of the web (20) together to form a tube (22) and to transversely seal the tube. A circuit means is used for controlling the electromagnetic energy source output to form longitudinal seals and transverse seals. The plurality of sealing mechanisms include a sealing jaw (220) and an anvil jaw (210) hinged together and adapted to pinch the tube therebetween at predetermined locations as the sealing mechanisms and web tubing advance. Each sealing jaw contains a transverse induction coil (225) for transversely sealing the tube. Coupling and energization means select for forming a longitudinal seal segment or a transverse seal or both.
Patent NO-306722-B1 (NO)
Inventor: RANGANATHAN RAMACHANDRAN
IPC: C07D257/02
Filed: 1996-01-10
Abstract: Metal chelates capable of exhibiting an immobilized relativity between about 60 and 200 mM<-1>s<-1>/metal atom are useful as magnetic resonance imaging agents. Additionally, a compound which is useful as a metal-chelating ligand has the following formula:whereinQ is a 4- to an 8-membered carbocyclic ring which may be fully or partially saturated;t is an integer from 2 to 16;each R group is independently hydrogen, -OH, -CH2-A, -OCH2CH(OH)CH2-A or a functional group capable of forming a conjugate with a biomolecule, provided that at least two of the R groups are selected from -CH2-A or -OCH2CH(OH)CH2-A; andA is a moiety capable of chelating a metal atom.
Patent NO-318130-B1 (NO)
Title: Syntetisk dieselbrennstoff, samt fremgangsmate ved fremstilling derav
Inventor: BERLOWITZ PAUL JOSEPH
IPC: C10K3/00
Filed: 1998-04-16
Abstract: Rene destillater egnet som Diesel drivstoff eller som innblanding i slike drivstoff fremstilles av Fischer-Tropsch voks ved å skille vokset i tyngre og lettere fraksjoner, videre ved å dele den lettere fraksjonen og hydroisomerisere den tyngre fraksjonen samt delen av lette fraksjonen under ca 260°C. Det isomeriserte produktet blandes med den ubehandlete delen av den lettere fraksjonen.
Patent NO-320826-B1 (NO)
Inventor: LAPPETELAINEN ANTTI
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 1999-11-22
Abstract: In telecommunications networks, various kinds of information transfer occur where transmission periods are not transmitted. As a result of this, parts of the information packets contained in the concerned transmission periods are lost and the probability of loss of these information packets increases considerably. With the method according to the invention, the quality of information transfer is ensured in a telecommunications network where the information packet is coded and interleaved into at least two transmission periods. According to the invention, the method is characterized in that therein the transmission power of at least one transmission period related to the transmission of the same information packet is increased, when at least one transmission period is not transmitted. In another embodiment of the invention, the method is characterized in that the transmission power is increased of at least one transmission period of the same information packet, when at least one transmission period is not transmitted and when by increasing the transmission power the probability of loss of the information packet is sufficiently reduced.
Patent AT-517017-B1 (AT)
Title: Tasche
Inventor: JULIA GAJDOSIK
IPC: A45C7/00
Filed: 2015-03-16
Granted: 2017-12-15
Abstract: Tasche, deren Höhe und Volumen durch Umstülpen des trapezförmigen Taschenkorpus (1, 1a, 1b) über sich selbst nach außen bis zum Taschenboden (7) stufenlos verkleinert werden kann. Dabei kann die Tasche (1, 1a, 1b) in jeder gewählten Größe durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung (5) verschlossen werden. Dabei kann die Tasche (1, 1a, 1b) in jeder gewählten Größe durch einen an die Größe der Tasche anpassbaren Trageriemen (3) als Handtasche oder Umhängetasche genutzt werden.
Patent AT-514266-B1 (AT)
Title: Quellsammelschacht
IPC: E03B3/38
Filed: 2014-03-24
Granted: 2016-01-15
Abstract: Quellsammelschacht, aufweisend mindestens eine Zulauföffnung (1), eine Zulaufkammer (2) zum Auffangen von aus der Zulauföffnung (1) zulaufendem Quellwasser, eine Entnahmeöffnung (3) zum Entnehmen des in der Zulaufkammer (2) aufgefangenen Quellwassers und eine Ablassöffnung (4) zum Entleeren der Zulaufkammer (2), wobei der Quellsammelschacht eine Ausleitvorrichtung (5) zum rückstaufreien Ausleiten des zulaufenden Quellwassers an der Zulaufkammer (2) vorbei aufweist, wobei die Ausleitvorrichtung (5) eine Ausleitleitung (6) und eine Abschlagklappe (7) aufweist, wobei die Abschlagklappe (7) von einer ersten Arbeitsposition zum Einleiten des zulaufenden Quellwassers in die Zulaufkammer (2) in eine zweite Arbeitsposition zum Ausleiten des zulaufenden Quellwassers in die Ausleitleitung (6) bewegbar ausgebildet ist. Die Ausleitleitung (6) ist als eine Ausleitkammer (9) ausgebildet, wobei die Ausleitkammer (9) durch einen Abstand zwischen einer Außenwand der Zulaufkammer (2) und einer Innenwand des Quellsammelschachtes und zwischen einem Boden der Zulaufkammer (2) und einem Boden des Quellsammelschachtes gebildet ist.
Patent AT-508244-B1 (AT)
Title: Inhalatorkomponente
Inventor: BUCHBERGER HELMUT DR
IPC: A24F42/60
Filed: 2010-03-10
Granted: 2010-12-15
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Inhalatorkomponente, aufweisend: ein Gehäuse (3) mit einem Gehäusemantel;ein Mundstück (4) mit einer Mundstücköffnung (5) für die Zufuhr eines inhalierbaren Mediums in die Mundhöhle eines Benutzers;ein mit der Umgebung durch Diffusion kommunizierbares Riechstoff-Reservoir (6), beinhaltend einen Riechstoff (16), zur Freisetzung des Riechstoffes (16) in die Umgebung und zur olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung desselben durch den Benutzer,wobeia) das Gehäuse (3) eine Gehäusekomponente (3a) umfaßt;b) das Mundstück (4) mit der Gehäusekomponente (3a) trennbar verbunden ist;c) der Gehäusemantel ein erstes Mantelteil (11) und ein zweites Mantelteil (14) umfaßt;d) die Gehäusekomponente (3a) das erste Mantelteil (11) ausbildet;e) das Mundstück (4) das zweite Mantelteil (14) ausbildet,f) und das Riechstoff-Reservoir (6) mit dem Mundstück (4) baulich vereinigt ist, flächig ausgebildet ist und flächig am zweiten Mantelteil (14) angeordnet ist oder selbst das zweite Mantelteil (14) ausbildet.
Patent AT-508037-B1 (AT)
Title: Werkzeugmaschine und verfahren zum bearbeiten wenigstens eines werkstücks
IPC: B23B29/24
Filed: 2009-03-18
Granted: 2012-04-15
Abstract: Es wird eine Werkzeugmaschine (1) und ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten wenigstens eines Werkstücks (3) mit mindestens einem Werkzeug (4) zur Bearbeitung des Werkstücks (3) und mit einem, insbesondere scheibenförmigen Werkzeughalter (2) gezeigt, der wenigstens zwei, voneinander beabstandete Werkzeugaufnahmen (6) aufweist. Um vorteilhafte Bearbeitungsverhältnisse zu schaffen, wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Werkzeughalter (2) einen Reibungsdämpfer (7) aufweist, der am Werkzeughalter (2) gegenüber dem von der jeweiligen Werkzeugaufnahme (6) aufge¬nommenen Werkzeug (7) derart befestigt ist, dass bei einer Relativbewegung des Werkzeughalters (2) gegenüber dem Reibungsdämpfer (7) zwischen diesen beiden (2 und 7) eine Gleitreibung entsteht, um die beim Bearbeiten des Werkstücks (3) mit dem von der jeweiligen Werkzeugaufnahme (6) aufgenommenen Werkzeug (4) ent¬stehenden Relativbewegungen zu dämpfen.
Patent AT-507587-B1 (AT)
Title: Verfahren zur steuerung der simulation eines schweissprozesses
IPC: B23K9/00
Filed: 2009-05-27
Granted: 2011-04-15
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung eines simulierten Schweißprozesses, bei dem ein Computer mit einer Eingabevorrichtung und Ausgabevorrichtung, einem Schweißbrenner (3), einer magnetischen Positionsüberwachungsvorrichtung an der zumindest ein Geber und mehrere Sensoren angeschlossen sind, wobei der Geber an einer Haltevorrichtung (15) für ein zur Simulation dienendes Werkstück (4) und zumindest an einer Visualisierungsvorrichtung und dem Schweißbrenner (3) jeweils ein Sensor positioniert werden, verbunden wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Erkennungsmodul zur automatischen Erkennung der Händigkeit des Benutzers des Schweißbrenners (3) für die Steuerung der Simulation eines Schweißprozesses eingesetzt, wobei vom Erkennungsmodul die Position zwischen einem Brennergriff (23) und einer Gasdüse (20) in Bezug auf das in der Haltevorrichtung (15) angeordnete Werkstück (4) ermittelt und ausgewertet wird, und in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Händigkeit des Benutzers automatisch entsprechende Vorschriften für die Simulation des Schweißprozesses ausgewählt werden.
Patent AT-511106-B1 (AT)
Title: Sicherheitsmelkdeckel zur chargenweisen separation von flüssigkeiten, insbesondere von milch
Inventor: JAHODA DIETER
IPC: A01J9/02
Filed: 2011-07-05
Granted: 2012-09-15
Abstract: Zur Separation eines bestimmten Gemelks aus einem luft- und flüssigkeitsführenden Schlauchsystem, vorzugsweise dem eines Melkzeuges, wird in dieses ein Behälter eingesetzt, über dessen Deckel die Anbindung des Behälters an ein Rohrleitungssystem, vorzugsweise das einer Melkanlage, mittels eines Vakuumschlauches unter Vakuum erfolgt. Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung kann der Behälter derart an das Rohrleitungssystem angeschlossen werden, dass weder das zu separierende Gemelk noch Schaum oder Aerosole desselben in das Rohrleitungssystem übertreten können. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht diese Einrichtung ein handhabungsgerechtes Ansetzen des Melkzeuges an das zu melkende Tier.Dazu ist auf der Deckelplatte (1) eine Filterkammer (23) mit einem Plattenfilter (8) zum Rückhalt von Aerosolen angeordnet und zum Rückhalt insbesondere von Schaum des Gemelks, zwischen der Deckelplatte (1) und einer darunter angeordneten Prallplatte (10), ein Labyrinthsystem (14,15) vorgesehen. Zur Verhinderung einer Behälterüberfüllung, ist auf der Prallplatte (10) eine mit dieser (10) abnehmbare Überfüllsicherung (11,12) angeordnet. Zum Zwecke des handhabungsgerechten Ansetzens des Melkzeuges an das zu melkende Tier, ist auf der Deckelplatte (1) schwenkbar, ein strömungsdämpfendes Schaltelement (16,17,18,20,21,22) vorgesehen.
Patent BG-60541-B1 (BG)
Title: 2-anilino-pyrimidine derivatives
Inventor: HUBELE ADOLF
IPC: C07D239/30
Filed: 1988-09-28
Abstract: The compounds find application for plant protection in agriculture. They have the formula where R1 and R2 means, separately from each other, hydrogen, halogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C2-halogenalkyl, C1C3-alkoxy or C1-C3-halogenalkoxy; R3 means hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl or substituded by halogen, hydroxy or cyano C1-C4-alkyl, cyclopropyl or up to threefold substituted with methyl and/or halogen substituted cyclopropyl, the substitutes being either the same or different; R4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl or threefold substituted with methyl and/or halogen C3-C6-cycloalkyl, the substitutes being either the same of different.
Patent BR-0101781-B1 (BR)
Inventor: NEVES ALEXANDRE BARROS
IPC: A47B88/00
Filed: 2001-04-27
Abstract: A shelf (24) of a refrigerator cabinet (10) extends over the width of the cabinet and is at its ends supported by the side walls (12 and 14, respectively) of the cabinet. The shelf has a first plane part (28, 30), which in sidewards direction converts into a second plane part (30, 28) located in a plane forming an angle with the plane in which the first part is located, and is arranged so that it can be put in 4 different positions on each height level in the cabinet supported by the side walls, one (28, 30) of said parts in each one of these positions being located in a horizontal plane and the other (30, 28) of said parts sloping downwards in direction in to or out from the cabinet. <IMAGE>
Patent BR-PI0108664-B1 (BR)
Title: composto, composição farmacêutica e uso de um composto
Inventor: MATAGNE ALAIN
IPC: C07D405/04
Filed: 2001-02-21
Abstract: "composto, composição farmacêutica, uso de um composto e método para tratar epilepsia epileptogênese, distúrbios de ataque, convulsões e outros distúrbios neurológicos". a invenção diz respeito a derivados de 2-oxo-1-pirrolidina da fórmula (i) em que os substituintes são como definidos no relatório descritivo, bem como ao seu uso como produtos farmacêuticos. os compostos da invenção são particularmente adaptados para tratar distúrbios neurológicos tais como a epilepsia.
Patent BR-PI0113924-B1 (BR)
Title: misturas de substâncias ativas e sua aplicação, processo para proteger peles e couros de animais contra infestação microbiana, bem como agentes microbicidas
Inventor: REHBEIN HARTMUT
IPC: C14C9/00
Filed: 2001-09-07
Abstract: "combinações de substâncias ativas para proteger peles animais e couro". o presente pedido refere-se ao emprego de combinações de substâncias ativas contendo substâncias ativas fenólicas e substâncias ativas fungicidas para a conservação de peles e couros animais.
Patent BR-0113991-B1 (BR)
Inventor: HAHN MATTHIAS
IPC: B30B1/32
Filed: 2001-08-24
Abstract: The invention relates to a controller for a hydraulic press, comprising a pressing cylinder ( 1 ), a reservoir ( 2 ), a valve group ( 3 ), a pressure medium reservoir ( 7 ) and a hydraulic pump ( 6 ), connected together by means of a cylinder line ( 4 ), a reservoir line ( 5 ) and a tank line ( 8 ). According to the invention, a pressure converter ( 9 ) is arranged on the valve group ( 3 ), which may operate as a pressure amplifier or pressure reducer. The particular mode of action of said controller is achieved whereby the valve group ( 3 ) comprises a pre-press valve ( 11 ), a low-pressure chamber outlet valve ( 12 ), a low-pressure chamber inlet valve ( 13 ), a main press valve ( 14 ), a closing valve ( 15 ), a pressure release valve ( 16 ) and a 3-way valve ( 17 ), which may be operated by a particular control sequence. Said invention is applicable in hydraulic presses and of particular advantage in presses for the forming of ceramic pieces such as tiles.
Patent BR-PI0213783-B1 (BR)
Title: módulo de matriz para um conjunto de estampagem e alisamento, e, conjunto de matrizes destinado à formação de latas
Inventor: BLUE RODNEY
IPC: B21D51/26
Filed: 2002-10-31
Abstract: "módulo de matriz para um conjunto de estampagem e alisamento, e, conjunto de matrizes destinado à formação de latas". uma máquina-ferramenta destinada à formação de latas (2) inclui módulos de matriz internamente resfriados (4, 6, 8). cada módulo de matriz inclui, pelo menos, uma plaqueta de matriz (14, 16, 18, 20, 22) mantida em um alojamento. meio de resfriamento de fluido é fornecido às entradas múltiplas (24, 26, 28, 30) colocadas de modo circunferencial em cada alojamento. o fluido de resfriamento é guiado a partir das entradas através de espaços livres (42, 44, 46, 48, 50) situados entre uma superfície externa da plaqueta da matriz e o alojamento para resfriar a plaqueta da matriz. saídas (34, 36, 38, 40) são espaçadas circunferencialmente em torno do alojamento para retornar o fluido de resfriamento à alimentação do meio.
Patent BR-0306989-B1 (BR)
Inventor: ECKARDT DIETRICH
IPC: C23C4/073
Filed: 2003-01-16
Abstract: A high-temperature protection layer contains (% by weight) 23 to 27% Cr, 4 to 7% Al, 0.1 to 3% Si, 0.1 to 3% Ta, 0.2 to 2% Y, 0.001 to 0.01% B, 0.001 to 0.01% Mg and 0.001 to 0.01% Ca, remainder Ni and inevitable impurities. Optionally, the Al content is in a range from over 5 up to 6% by weight.
Patent BR-PI0308963-B1 (BR)
Inventor: MEJIA EZEQUIEL
IPC: H04B1/59
Filed: 2003-03-13
Abstract: A radio frequency identification system includes an interrogator for generating and transmitting an interrogation signal to a transponder. One or more transponders of the system receive the interrogation signal and return a data signal which includes identification and/or body characteristic information in one of multiple formats. The interrogator receives the data signal, determines the format of the data signal, and decodes the data signal to obtain the identification and/or body characteristic information. The interrogator operates to decode data signals from transponders not capable of transmitting body characteristic information and transponders which are-capable of transmitting body characteristic information.
Patent BR-0312877-B1 (BR)
Inventor: MCARTHUR THOMAS JAMES
IPC: A23L19/00
Filed: 2003-07-22
Abstract: There is provided a process for making a composition suitable for topical application comprising the steps of: a) heating at least one fruit and/or vegetable pulp to up to a temperature in the range of about 40°C to 100°C; b) mixing between 1 and 40% w/w of a mild base with the heated fruit and/or vegetable pulp. There is also provided a fruit and/or vegetable derived composition suitable for topical application prepared by the above process. There is further provided a fruit and/or vegetable derived composition comprising at least one fruit and/or vegetable-derived pulp and a mild base, said composition having a pH in the range of about 7.5 to about 9.5.
Patent BR-9911856-B1 (BR)
Inventor: BASTIOLI CATIA
IPC: C08L67/02
Filed: 1999-06-17
Abstract: Heterophasic compositions comprising starch and a thermoplastic polymer that is incompatible with the starch, in which the starch constitutes the discontinuous phase and the thermoplastic polymer the continuous matrix, having an impact strength greater than 30 KJ/m2 (measured on blown film of 30 microns thick at 10 DEG C and RH less than 5%), and further characterised by the presence in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of a peak at an angle 2-theta from 13 to 14 DEG the ratio of the intensity of which to that of the peak of the amorphous starch which occurs at 20.5 DEG , is less than 2 and greater than 0.02. <IMAGE>
Patent WO-03008716-B1 (WO)
Title: Couplage rotatif a moteur monte sur fleche
Inventor: ROY MICHEL
IPC: A01G23/00
Filed: 2002-07-17
Abstract: L'invention concerne un assemblage de rotor (14,14'), destiné à faire tourner et à actionner un outil de travail (12), comprenant un arbre porte-charge (20,20') conçu pour être monté sur un élément de flèche (11). Des moyens d'actionnement (21) sont fixés à l'arbre porte-charge (20,20'). Un assemblage d'entraînement (25) est monté rotatif autour de l'arbre porte-charge (20,20') et couplé au moyens d'actionnement (21). Les moyens d'actionnement (21) permettent d'entraîner l'outil de travail (12) autour de l'arbre porte-charge (20,20'). Un assemblage collecteur (30,30') est monté rotatif sur l'arbre porte-charge (20,20') et conçu afin d'en recevoir une alimentation sous pression. L'assemblage collecteur (30,30') est doté de moyens de connexion (32A,62,76) permettant d'alimenter l'outil de travail (12) en pression. Cet assemblage collecteur (30,30') est couplé à l'assemblage d'entraînement (25) de façon à pouvoir tourner par rapport à lui (21), et de pouvoir sensiblement éviter d'être soumis à des charges entre l'outil de travail (12) et l'arbre porte-charge (20,20') ou l'assemblage d'entraînement (25).
Patent WO-9954322-B1 (WO)
Inventor: ZAMIR LOLITA
IPC: C07D305/14
Filed: 1999-04-20
Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of Baccatin III from a compound of formula (X) which comprises the steps of: (i) protecting the hydroxy group on a compound of Formula (X) at the 7-position or C9, or both C7 and C9 sequentially; (ii) oxidizing the resulting group at the C9 position; (iii) either: (a) sequentially deacylating the esters at positions C13 and C7 or, (b) simultaneously deacylating the esters at positions C13 and C7.
Patent CH-704426-B1 (CH)
Title: Metodo e dispositivo per l'elettroerosione.
Inventor: ANGELELLA STEFANO
IPC: B23H1/02
Filed: 2011-01-25
Abstract: Oggetto della presente domanda è un metodo per il controllo di processo per l’elettroerosione a tuffo, che permette di adattare automaticamente il criterio d’identificazione d’impulsi degenerati, ad esempio la soglia di tensione d’arco in modo da corrispondere alle attuali condizioni di processo. Pertanto il metodo permette un migliore controllo del processo stesso. Il metodo è caratterizzato dai passi seguenti: – il numero d’impulsi che degenerano in arco n ARC_T identificati ed il numero n PULSE_T complessivo d’ impulsi durante un periodo d’osservazione sono contati e memorizzati, – su questa base un tasso d’archi K ARC_T = n ARC_T /n PULSE_T è calcolato e memorizzato, – il tasso d’archi di uno o più periodi d’osservazione è comparato con un tasso d’archi di riferimento K ARC_REF , – quindi il criterio d’identificazione d’impulsi degenerati in arco è modificato in funzione del risultato della comparazione del tasso d’archi K ARC_T con il tasso d’archi di riferimento K ARC_REF preferibilmente in modo da far convergere il tasso d’archi K ARC_T ed il tasso d’archi di riferimento K ARC_REF .