Patent GB-802993-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of and devices for manufacturing articles having shaped necks from glass tubing, rods or like stock material
IPC: C03B23/11
Filed: 1956-08-29
Abstract: 802,993. Shaping glass bottles. ANREP, A. E. A. Aug. 29, 1956, No. 26401/56. Class 56. In the manufacture of bottles, tubes, phials or the like with shaped necks from tubing or rods of glass or like material to be shaped in the cold or warm state, in which the tubing or rods are driven for rotation about a substantially vertical axis coincident with the axis of the tubing or rods and cutting shaping and like operations are effected directly and successively on the rods at successive stations in a rotating process, the operations of reducing the length of the tubing, shaping the bottom thereof and similar operations are effected at a first group of stations while rotating the tubing at a relatively slow rate whereas the neckshaping operations are carried out afterwards at a further group of stations while rotating the tubing at a greater speed. The machine shown comprises two tiers i, j and k, l, joined by distance pieces 45 and rotated together about a shaft 29 from a driving shaft 33 through worm screw 34 and wheel 35 rigid with distance piece 36 and sleeve 38 on shaft 29, with interposed roller bearings 37, 39, 40, 43, the tiers i, j comprising plates 41, 42 secured in the sleeve 38. At each station a-h, a<SP>1</SP>-h<SP>1</SP> on the upper and lower tiers, which correspond to the steps A-H, A 1 -H 1  shown on Fig. 1, the gripping devices 2, 21, 211 are rotated in the opposite sense to the tier assembly from a shaft 48 through screw 49 and toothed annulus 50 rigid with a member 51 rotating on sleeve 38 through bearings 53, 52, 52<SP>1</SP>, 54, the member 51 having a wheel 55 to drive pinions 56 keyed to shafts 60. Coaxial pinions 57a, 58a and 59a drive pinions 57b, 58b, 59b secured respectively to hollow tubes 102 on gripping devices 2<SP>11</SP>, the gripping devices 2<SP>1</SP> and hollow shafts 61 on gripping devices 2, the pinions 58a being keyed to shafts 60 to allow sliding movement of the heads 46, at tier k, which are mounted on guide bars 64, 65. The size of pinions 57a, b; 58a, b ; 59a, b are adjusted so that the devices 2<SP>11</SP> are driven at a substantially higher peripheral speed than the devices 2, 2<SP>1</SP> which are driven at the same speed. Each gripping device 2, 2<SP>1</SP>, 2<SP>11</SP> comprises clamping jaws 3, 3<SP>1</SP>, 3<SP>11</SP> controlled by devices 66, 66<SP>1</SP>, 66<SP>11</SP> acted on by cams 67 through rollers 671. Each gripping device 2<SP>1</SP> is vertically displaced by a roller 68 on head 46 engaging a cam 69 on a support 69<SP>1</SP> vertically adjustable for different size bottles by screw shaft 71 and nut 70. Shaping mandrels 14 at position i are each on a vertical spindle 15 guided in a member 103, the spindle 15 having a roller 105 at its lower end engaging a vertically adjustable circular track 106. The working tools at each station are pivotally mounted outside the main assembly and during their action are moved, as by rollers 81, 81<SP>1</SP> engaging the gripping device 2, so as to remain centred on the axis of the station. Each burner 5 is mounted on a pipe 72 connected by tubing 73 to an air-gas pipe line 74 secured on a plate 75 which supports a carrier 76 in which the pipe 72 slides. The carrier 76 is oscillated about a shank 77 by a further pipe 78 sliding in the carrier and mounted between an adjustable stop 79 and a bracket 80 carrying the driving rollers 81, 81<SP>1</SP>. A coil spring 82 presses the rollers 81, 81<SP>1</SP> in contact with the device 2 and a spring 83 to the base 84 of the shank 77 restores the burner carrier to its initial position when the drive is discontinued. The formation of the bottle is completed in two revolutions of the assembly, the sequence being as shown in Fig. 1. At A, the tubing 1, fed through the gripping device 2, is released to fall onto a plate 4, the intermediate gripping device 2<SP>1</SP> being in the lowered position ; at B, the jaws 3 of device 2 are closed, a burner 5 heating the zone 6 and device 2<SP>1</SP> is raised ; at C, jaws 3<SP>1</SP> are closed, another burner 5 heating zone 6; at D, continued heating of zone 6; at E, gripping device 2<SP>1</SP> is lowered to draw and rupture zone 6 to form a separate section 7, the bottoms 8, 9 being formed by burners 5a, 5b; at F, the device 2<SP>1</SP> is fully lowered, a burner 5c opens the bottom 8 either by fast melting or to allow the insertion of a suitable tool, a burner 5d finishing the bottom 9 ; at G, the tubing 1 is fully opened at the bottom 10 and vertically pivoting tool 11 smoothes off the bottom 9 ; at H the tubing 1 and section 7 are cooled. As the first revolution is completed, at A, the tubing 1 is released as before and the section 7 released by jaws 3<SP>1</SP> to begin the second revolution and it falls at A 1  to a stop plate 12; at B 1  the jaws 3<SP>11</SP> are closed ; at B 1 , C 1  and D 1 , burners 5<SP>1</SP> heat the neck zone 13 so that it gradually thickens at 13<SP>1</SP>, 13<SP>11</SP>; at E 1 , the shaping mandrel 14 is raised to enter the neck and a shaping wheel 17 engages with its lower face 18 a collar 16 on the mandrel 14 to progressively form the neck 19 ; at F 1 , the mandrel 14 and wheel 17 are lowered and a burner 5<SP>1</SP>a maintains the neck 19 for a final shaping at G 1  by a similar mandrel 14<SP>1</SP> and wheel 17<SP>1</SP>; at H 1 , the jaws 3<SP>11</SP> are opened to release the finished bottle 20, either by gravity or it may be picked up by a delivery device. In an alternative to the roller 17, the neck may be shaped by moulds engaging either side of a sliding mandrel having a shift taper, the mandrel being lowered so that the taper accommodates the glass shrinkage.