Patent GB-706570-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of synthetic detergents
Inventor: KOEBNER ADOLF
IPC: C11D1/28
Filed: 1951-07-05
Abstract: Mixed synthetic detergents are prepared by converting N-beta-hydroxy-ethyl amides of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms into the corresponding sulphuric acid half-esters by treatment with sulphuric acid of not more than 100 per cent. concentration in the presence of a solvent for the half-esters consisting of a quantity of one or more straight-chained or branched C4-C12 alkyl aryl mono sulphonic acids.  Thus, the hydroxy-ethyl amide may be treated with the product obtained by sulphonating aryl C4-C12 alkanes with excess of sulphonating agent, e.g. concentrated sulphuric acid, oleum or liquid or gaseous sulphur trioxide, and containing free sulphuric acid of not more than 100 per cent. concentration and sufficient amide may be used to result in removal of all the free sulphuric acid.  The monosulphonic acids used are preferably alkyl-benzene or -toluene sulphonic acids.  In Examples: (1) an alkyl benzene obtained from benzene and a chlorinated C12 paraffin is sulphonated with excess sulphuric acid monohydrate and a mixture of oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and beta-hydroxy-ethyl oleoylamide prepared as described in Specification 631,367 is slowly added at 40 DEG C. and the product neutralized to yield a mixture of potassium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and the potassium salts of cetyl hydrogen sulphate, oleyl hydrogen sulphate, beta-hydroxy-ethyl oleoylamide sulphate and octadecyl 1-ol (9,10) hydrogen sulphate; (2) dodecyl benzene obtained from propylene polymer is sulphonated with oleum and the product reacted as in (1) with beta-hydroxy-ethyl palm kernel fatty acid amides obtained from palm kernel oil and monoethanolamine as described in Specification 631,367 and the product converted into the sodium salts.  The Provisional Specification includes the reaction of an aryl alkane with excess of a sulphonating agent and the use of the resulting mixture to sulphate the above specified hydroxy-ethyl-amides.ALSO:Mixed synthetic detergents are prepared by converting N-beta-hydroxy ethyl amides of C8-18 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids into the corresponding sulphuric acid half-esters by treatment with sulphuric acid of not more than 100 per cent. concentration in the presence of a solvent for the half-esters consisting of a quantity of one or more stright or branched-chain C4-12 alkyl aryl mono-sulphonic acids.  Thus, the hydroxy-ethyl amides may be treated with the product obtained by treating aryl C4-12 alkanes with excess of sulphonating agent, e.g. sulphuric acid, oleum or liquid or gaseous sulphur trioxide, under conditions yielding a sulphonic acid thereof and free sulphuric acid of not more than 100 per cent. strength, and sufficient amide may be used to result in removal of all the excess sulphuric acid.  In examples, (1) an alkyl benzene obtained from a chlorinated C12 paraffin and benzene is sulphonated with excess sulphuric acid and a mixture of oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and beta-hydroxy ethyl oleoyl amide, prepared as described in Specification 631,367, [Group IV (b)] is added; the product is then neutralized to yield a mixture of the potassium salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, cetyl hydrogen sulphate, oleyl hydrogen sulphate, hydroxy-ethyl oleoylamide hydrogen sulphate and octadecyl-1-ol (9, 10) hydrogen sulphate; (2) dodecyl benzene obtained from propylene polymer is sulphonated with oleum, the product is reacted as in (1) with beta-hydroxy ethyl palm kernel fatty acid amides obtained from palm kernel oil and monoethanolamine as in the above-mentioned Specification, and the product is converted into the sodium salts.  Alkyl toluene sulphonic acids are also mentioned.  The Provisional Specification includes the reaction of an aryl alkane with excess of sulphonating agent and use of the resulting mixture to sulphate the above-mentioned hydroxy-ethyl amides.