Patent GB-1362155-A (GB)
Title: Return-wave phase controlled adaptive array
IPC: H04B10/118
Filed: 1973-05-08
Abstract: 1362155 Optical collimation HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO 8 May 1973 [8 May 1972] 21985/73 Heading H4D A wave energy transmission and reception system comprises means for transmitting energy at a target, means for receiving energy which has been returned from the target, an apertured image plane stop structure, modulation means in the path of the received beam for spatially modulating it with respect to said aperture, and detector means, disposed on the opposite side of said image plane stop structure from said modulation means. The system also comprises control means responsive to output signals from the detector means, which are indicative of the intensity of received energy passing through the aperture, for adjusting the relative phases of selected segments of the received energy beam so as to cause the energy in the adjusted received beam to approach an inphase condition. As described, an infra-red laser 10, Fig. 1, is synchronized by trigger pulses t x  to emit output pulses, which are shaped by a lens 12, reflected from a beam splitter 14, collimated by a lens 16, and passed through a phase shifter array 30 to a telescope 32, which is directed towards a target 34. A portion of the energy reflected from the target 34 is received by the telescope 32 and is applied through the phase shifter array 30, the lens 16 and the beam splitter 14 to an aperture 44 in an image plane stop structure 46. Energy which passes through the aperture 44 impinges upon a detector 48. The phase shifter array 30 comprises a plurality of electronically controlled devices, such as electro-optical rods, each disposed in a respective sub-aperture channel. For clarity, only three channels 18, 20, 22, with respective phase shifters 24, 26, 28, are shown, although typically there might be hundreds of channels. The phase shifters 26, 28 are electronically controlled but the phase shifter 24 is not, as the channel 18 is taken as a reference channel. Control signals are applied to the phase shifters 26, 28 from respective summation circuits 78a, 78. During reception a phase modulation (dither) is applied, at a distinctive frequency for each controlled phase shifter. This is effected by oscillators 36, 40 (frequencies w 1 , w 2 ) through gates 38, 42 for the phase shifters 28, 26. The said gates are controlled by a range gate signal (RG) from a ranging sub-system (not shown). The output signal from the detector 48 is applied to paralleled sub-aperture processing and control circuits 22<SP>1</SP>, 20<SP>1</SP>, each containing a bandpass filter 70, 70a respectively centered on frequencies w 1 , w 2  and connected to first inputs of phase sensitive detectors 72, 72a. Said detectors receive second reference inputs at the frequencies w 1 , w 2  from the oscillators 36, 40 and provide outputs, which are indicative of phase differences, through gates 74, 74a and integrators 76, 76a to first inputs of the summation circuits 78, 78a. The gates 74, 74a are controlled by a gated image pulse (GIP) and the integrators 76, 76a are cleared (set to their null values) by a negative-going pulse (TE), Fig. 2 (not shown), obtained from the trailing edge of the GIP. The GIP and other timing signals for the circuits 22<SP>1</SP>, 20<SP>1</SP> are obtained from a circuit arrangement which comprises an AND gate 84 having as inputs the RG signal and the output signal from the detector 48, a first differentiator 86, a monostable multivibrator 88, and a second differentiator 90. The multivibrator 88 is triggered by a positive-going pulse (LE) obtained from the leading edge of the GIP by the differentiator, and produces an output pulse of duration less than the GIP. A negative-going pulse SP is obtained from said output pulse by the differentiator 90. Two sample-and-hold circuits are coupled between a second input of each summation circuit and the output thereof, e.g., nos. 80, 82 for summation circuit 78. The pulse SP is applied to the circuit 82, which samples and stores the value of the output from the circuit 78. The pulse TE follows and causes the sample-and-hold circuit 80 to be updated to the value held by the circuit 82. During the GIP the output signal from the integrator 76 is combined in the circuit 78 with the signal held in the circuit 80 from the previous reception processing cycle. Hence the signal at the output is the proper value of control signal to provide a phase correction to sub-aperture channel 22. In another embodiment, Figs. 6, 6a (not shown) there are provided in the main optical path of Fig. 1 the following additional elements, a range gated parametric amplifier between the detector 48 and the image plane stop structure 46, a laser power amplifier between the phase shifter array 30 and the telescope 32, and a second beam splitter between the array 30 and the laser beam amplifier. The second beam splitter deflects a portion of the transmitted beam to a lens (120), an image plane stop structure (124) with an aperture (122), and a detector (126), which form a similar arrangement to that provided for the received beam. In an acquisition mode during the transmission period modulating signals of frequencies w x , w y  are applied to the phase shifters 28, 26 and are utilized to provide an initial adjustment of phase across the transmitted beam. Said adjustment is stopped when the sum of signals of frequencies 2w x , 2w y  exceeds a pre-determined threshold value. Signals of these frequencies are developed as the converging beam from the lens (120) becomes centred on the aperture (122). Acquisition of a target may be aided by means of a pointing control, during a following period, and prior to focusing of the received image. Individual control signals from a command source are applied to the phase shifters of the array 30. The second harmonics of the frequencies w 1 , w 2 , ... are detected, and the pointing control is disabled when their sum exceeds a pre-determined threshold value, indicating a well-formed received beam. Beam spoiling means may be provided, for defocusing the transmitted beam during the acquisition mode, to ensure illumination of a target.