Patent GB-190907903-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Turbines.
Inventor: PROCNER JAN
IPC: F01D1/30
Filed: 1909-04-02
Granted: 1909-07-22
Abstract: 7903. Procner, J. April 2. Radial - flow (bladed) type; cooling parts; regulating; reversing; working-fluid supply.- In a multi-stage reversible outward-flow radial turbine, the rotor in each stage is provided on one side with blades for forward running and on the other side with blades for reverse running, and fixed nozzles for each set of blades communicate, as determined by suitable valves, with a common exterior annular chamber for the supply of working fluid. Figs. 1 and 2 show the construction of such a turbine for steam. There are six groups of nozzles 9 in each stage receiving steam through hollow supports (a, b, c, d, e, f, Fig. 2, in the forward turbines and a<1>, b<1>, c<1>, d<1>, e<1>, f<1>, not indicated, in the reverse turbines) from the chamber 4 as determined by valves in the steam passages. Steam passes out from one stage to the next through corresponding exhaust valves. Normally, stages I, III, V, VII, and VIII work in series, and provision is made for inserting the other stages when the load requires. The inlet and exhaust valves are normally spring - closed and are opened by connecting the operating cylinders to the vacuum. The inlet valves a-f and a<1>-f<1> of the normally operated stages are connected to the corresponding ports in a single regulating and reversing cylinder 38, Fig. 6. All the parts of the turbine not in use are connected to the vacuum by normally-open valves, which are shut by the movement of the regulating-valve which opens the corresponding steam and exhaust valves. The three additional stages II, IV, and VI are inserted by three separate operating-gears, each similar to that shown in Fig. 6. In each stage all the valves controlling a group of nozzles are connected to the corresponding port, such as a, b, c, &c., in the cylinder. In the arrangements for inserting stage II, for example, the valves are as follows: the valves 67 in the connexion between the exhaust of stage I and the inlet of stage III and the vacuum valve 61 of stage II which have to be closed, and the exhaust valves 76 of stage I by which communication with stage II is determined, which has to be opened. To start the turbines quickly, fresh steam may be admitted to stages III, V, and VIII. The steam may be superheated by steam heating-coils, electrical resistances, &c. placed in the chamber 4 or in the wheel chambers. The chamber 4 may be insulated from the wheel chambers and the wheel chambers from one another by airjackets. In the case of a ship's turbine, a throttle valve is inserted and is controlled by the automatic governor. To prevent breakage of the steam-pipe when the throttle-valve is closed quickly, a safety-valve is placed before it. Fig. 10 shows a construction of the turbine arranged for internal combustion. The gases are exploded in chamber 108 when the valves 113 are open the products of combustion pass down the radial tubes 109 to the turbine blades. The valves 113 are controlled by a regulating and reversing cylinder such as 38, Fig. 6. The fuel valves 120 are opened periodically by a cam 123, which is splined to the motor shaft and can be moved axially to vary the extent of the opening of the fuel valves. The lever 132 is connected to the gear of the regulating and reversing cylinder. The valves 113 may be kept open, or they may be closed. during the admission of the explosive gases and until just after ignition. For this purpose, a small equalizing- valve.136 is placed in the valve-operating piston 116, and it is held open electro magnetically until after ignition, thus permitting the spring 117 to hold the main valve closed. The gases may be mixed in the chamber 108 or prior to entering it. Or, the chamber may receive a mixture of low combustibility, which is caused to ignite by means of a highly combustible igniting-mixture contained in a separate chamber. Heat passing from the operative wheel chamber to the inoperative one causes a rarefaction of the gases therein. This effect may be increased by special heating of the inoperative chamber. The turbine blades may be cooled by blowing compressed air through one or more of the sets of nozzles, the others being used for driving-gases. Or, cooling air may be admitted periodically alternately with the explosive gases into the chamber 108. The compressed air may be cooled by Linde's process.