Patent GB-888697-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic process control systems
IPC: G05B11/01
Filed: 1958-04-17
Abstract: 888,697. Automatic control systems. ROBERTSHAW-FULTON CONTROLS CO. April 17, 1958 [April 29, 1957], No. 12238/58. Class 38 (4). In an automatic process control system, electromagnetic means influenced in opposite senses by signals representing the actual and desired values of a process variable act on a pivoted member controlling the frequency of a transistor oscillator, the output of which is rectified to produce a signal which is used for controlling the variable and applying a negative feed-back force to the pivoted member. A direct current dependent on a variable to be controlled is obtained as in Specification 790,368 and applied to terminals 18, 19, Fig. 1. This current is compared with a reference current obtained from a potentiometer 36, representative of the desired value of the variable, any difference serving to energize a moving coil 22 which exerts a force on a spring-centred pivoted beam 23. The reference current is rendered stable by obtaining it through a rectifier 31 from a constant voltage transformer 13 and including a Zener diode 34 in the circuit. Meter 28 indicates the value of the variable and meter 40 the desired value. Deflection of beam 23, when there is a difference, varies a capacity 100 forming part of a transistor oscillator 50 so that the amplitude of oscillator output from a winding 136 is varied. The power supply to the oscillator is stabilized by a Zener diode 110 and the oscillator is designed to enhance the variation in amplitude with frequency. Bias developed across a resistor 119 reduces the effect of variation of transistor leakage current with temperature and the effect of substituting transistors having different characteristics. The output of oscillator 50 is rectified by a diode 139 and amplified by a transistor amplifier 53, the direct current output of which passes through a load (not shown), such as a valve positioner as in Specification 790,368, correcting the value of the variable. A diode 148 provides compensation for the effect of leakage current in the amplifier transistor. Meter 153 indicates the load current. Additional control components.-A voltage dependent on the load current is derived from a potentiometer 57 and fed back through a resistance-capacity network 75, 77 and a cathodefollower valve 68 to control the energization of a coil 55 exerting an opposing force on beam 23 and thereby introducing an integral component of control into the system. A further voltage derived from the cathode of valve 68 is applied through a resistance-capacity network 80, 81 and a second cathode-follower valve 67 to control the energization of coil 55 in the opposite sense to introduce a differential component of control. The datum of control may be varied in dependence on some other variable by applying the output current of a similar control system for that variable to terminals 18, 19a or 18,45. Manual control.-By moving a ganged switch 56 to its lowermost position the output of a potentiometer 160, which serves as a manual controller, controls the current through the load connected to terminals 51, 52, amplifier 53 being disconnected therefrom. Smooth changeover to manual control may be ensured by first moving switch 56 to its uppermost position, in which automatic control is still effective but meter 153 is transferred to a dummy circuit associated with potentiometer 160 so that the latter can be adjusted until the meter reading is the same as when switch 56 is in the position shown. During manual control a voltage dependent on load current developed across a resistor 168 is compared with a voltage from potentiometer 57, dependent on the output current of transistor amplifier 53, any difference serving to control through cathode-follower 68 the energization of coil 55 so that the system is maintained in readiness for smooth reversion to automatic control if switch 56 is returned to the position shown. Integral construction of the apparatus including plug-in subassemblies, printed circuits, leakage and excessive force protective devices, is described with reference to Figs. 2-11 (not shown. Specification 888,698 also is referred to.