Patent GB-1006419-A (GB)
Title: Adaptive recognition system
IPC: G06V30/194
Filed: 1964-11-13
Abstract: 1,006,419. Automatic character reader. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 13, 1964 [Dec. 20, 1963], No, 46262/64. Addition to 1,006,418. Heading G4R. An adaptive recognition system for identifying specimen patterns includes means for generating a representation of a pattern, means for comparing this representation with stored reference patterns and for providing an indication of the best match, a store for storing representations of new patterns and means for altering the stored reference patterns in accordance with the applied specimen representation and with the stored representations under the control of the comparing means. The character is scanned to produce a train of binary signals which are applied to an autocorrelation function generator 21 the output of which is on a group of parallel lines in cable 23. The function signals are scored in register 25 and also applied to circuit 27 where they are compared with all the stored reference patterns. The results of the comparisons appear on cables 31-33 and the highest match signal causes maximum signal indicator 35 to provide an output on a corresponding lead 41-43 or a reject output 44 if the highest is insufficiently larger than the next highest. Training mode of operation.-The output of register 25 on cable 51, the same as that on cable 23, is stored in storage facility 53. Each of the sample patterns used during training is stored and they are supplied in turn to circuit 27. Controller 67 selects the sample pattern to be applied. The reject signal on line 44 indicating that the character cannot be read with sufficient discrimination starts the training process. An operator sets the switch 61 to the appropriate position to indicate the character, energizing a corresponding lead 71-73. The reference patterns stored in circuit 27 are adjusted so that the rejected pattern compares with one of the stored reference patterns. To begin the training operation the reject line is energized via terminal 81 and the first sample character, e.g. " 1 " is scanned with the identification switch set at " 1 ". The corresponding character signals are applied via register 25 to storage facility 53. The " 1 " reference pattern in circuit 27 is adjusted to give a match comparison with the sample pattern and the other stored patterns are adjusted to give a mismatch. This is repeated for the next sample character, e.g. " 2 " and then the circuit 27 is again tested with the first sample pattern " 1 " in storage 53, to determine whether sufficient discrimination exists between the first and second reference patterns in circuit 27. If further adjustment is necessary an output appears on lead 79 and the training operation is repeated on the first two patterns. The operation is repeated with all the other patterns. During the subsequent " recognition" " mode of operation, the scanning of an unrecognized character or one that gives insufficeint discrimination produces an output on reject line 44. The operator then places the switch 61 in a position to identify the character and begins a new training operation so that a new pattern is stored in circuit 27 or one already stored is altered according to the position of switch 61. The storage facility 53 has a separate store for each of the sample patterns, the patterns being gated into appropriate stores by gates enabled by switch 61. Further gates to read out the appropriate patterns are controlled either by the switch or by a shift register controlled by a block pulse generator. In a training cycle the stored patterns in 53 are read out in turn the shift register stepping so as to enable the appropriate read out gate and give the corresponding identification at the same time. Another group of gates, when enabled passes the contents of the register 25 direct to the circuit 27. Circuit 27 is similar to that of the parent Specification, the patterns derived from scanning the character being compared with each of the stored patterns by serial multiplication and the match outputs fed to corresponding accumulators. A maximum signal indicator gives an output on a line corresponding to the best match. Self-training.-In the form of Fig. 3 the identification switch 401 is adapted to be advanced by signals applied on reject line 44 from the maximum signal indicator 35. These signals are also applied to the reset input of trigger 402 and the corresponding output enables gate 403 to pass the identification signals to controller 57. The reject output of a second maximum signal indicator 405 is connected to half-enable gates 409 to pass the output of indicator 35 to triggers 421-423. The outputs of the triggers are connected to the outputs of gates 403 to provide an alternative input to the controller 57. A second enable input to gate 409 is from reject line 44 via inverter 411. When the reject signal of indicator 405 is present and that of indicator 35 is absent the output of the latter is transferred to triggers 421-423 to form the input for controller 57. When the reject signal on line 44 is present gate 403 opens to pass the indication of switch 401 to controller 57. The discrimination level of indicator 35 is low, i.e. a reject signal on lead 44 appears only if the highest outputs from circuit 27 are very close, i.e. discrimination is " poor ". The discrimination level of indicator 405 is higher, giving an output when the discrimination is merely " unfavourable ". A poor discrimination therefore causes the switch 401 to step to the next vacant position to enter the sample pattern in the circuit 27 as a new pattern. An " unfavourable " discrimination causes the identification output from indicator 35 to be used as the input to controller 57, the corresponding stored pattern of circuit 27 being altered to improve the discrimination.