Patent GB-778903-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to emulsions
Inventor: GILBERT ERIC DOUGLAS
IPC: C23G5/06
Filed: 1953-05-15
Abstract: An oil and water emulsion comprises a hydrocarbon, a mineral acid, an anionic surface-active agent which has the formula RSO3H or RSO4H (R being an alkyl or arylalkyl radical) or is a salt of one of these acids and is preferentially soluble in water, and a hydrocarbon-soluble phenol, phenolic compound or alcohol, with or without an anionic surface-active agent which has the formula RSO3H or RSO4H (R being an alkyl or aryl-alkyl radical) or is a salt of one of these acids and is preferentially soluble in hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbon may be aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic, any of which may be halogenated, and is preferably an oil; further, the hydrocarbon may be a single liquid, e.g. gas oil or spindle oil, or a mixture of liquids.  The hydrocarbon may be the continuous phase, e.g. in a penetrating oil, but usually water is the continuous phase. The surface-active agent which is perferentially soluble in water may be the sulphate "Teepol" (Registered Trade Mark) and the hydrocarbonsoluble material may be a high boiling tar acid fraction. The mineral acid may be phosphoric acid, which forms an emulsion that can be used for de-scaling and degreasing a metal surface while forming a phosphate coating thereon, sulphuric acid (suitable for de-greasing and pickling) or hydrochloric acid (suitable for cleaning painted surfaces).  The emulsion may also contain a pickling inhibitor, e.g. thiourea, and may be made by making a first emulsion containing some acid, and an aromatic solvent and/or halogenated hydrocarbon when the hydrocarbon is paraffin, and inverting this in an acid solution.  Specification 778,904 is referred to.ALSO:An emulsion comprises a hydrocarbon, a mineral acid, water, an anionic surface-active agent which has the formula RSO3H or RSO4H (R being an alkyl or aryl-alkyl radical) or is a salt of one of these acids, and which is preferentially soluble in water, and a hydrocarbon-soluble phenol, phenolic compound or alcohol, with or without an anionic surface-active agent which has the formula RSO3H or RSO4H (R being an alkyl or aryl-alkyl redical) or is a salt of one of these acids, and which is preferentially soluble in hydrocarbon.  The hydrocarbon may be aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic, any of which may be halogenated, and is preferably an oil; further, the hydrocarbon may be a single liquid, e.g. gas oil or spindle oil, or a mixture of liquids.  The surface-active agent which is preferentially soluble in water may be "Teepol" (Registered Trade Mark), and the hydrocarbon soluble material may be a high boiling tar acid reaction.  The mineral oil may be phosphoric acid, which forms emulsions that can be used for descaling and degreasing a metal surface while forming a phosphate coating thereon, sulphuric acid (suitable for degreasing and pickling), or hydrochloric acid (suitable for cleaning painted surfaces).  The emulsion may also contain a pickling inhibitor, e.g. thiourea, and may be made by making a paint emulsion containing some acid, and an aromatic solvent and/or halogenated hydrocarbon when the hydrocarbon is paraffinic, and inverting this in an acid solution. Specification 778,904 is referred to.