baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1511878-A (GB)
Title: Synthesis of dimethylaminoethyl methylmethacrylate
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 1976-09-07
Abstract: 1511878 N,N-dimethylamino methacrylate AMERICAN CYANAMID CO 7 Sept 1976 [20 Nov 1975] 47846/75 Heading C2C In a process for making N,N-dimethylamino methacrylate by reacting methyl methacrylate with N,N-dimethylaminoethanol under reflux conditions whilst distilling off the azeotrope of methyl methacrylate and the liberated methanol and in the presence of a phenoxide catalyst, the N,N-dimethylaminoethanol is added continuously or in increments throughout the course of the reaction. The catalyst is preferably prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium methoxide, which is added throughout the course of the reaction, with phenol or 4-methoxyphenol present in the reaction mixture. The reaction may be effected in the presence of a polymerization inhibited, e.g. phenothiazine. After the reaction the crude product may be distilled from a heavy oil to remove impurities.
Patent GB-963244-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the curing of elastomers
Inventor: LONGDEN ROBERT ANTHONY WILLIAM
IPC: C08L21/00
Filed: 1959-12-08
Abstract: A process for the simultaneous curing of different kinds of elastomer, comprising sulphur-curing natural rubber or cis-polyisoprene on the one hand and one or more of the elastomers butadiene-styrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, cis-and trans-polybutadiene, transpolyisoprene, butadiene-unsaturated ketones, butadiene-acrylates or -substituted acrylates, polychlorobutadiene, chlorosulphonated polyethylenes and elastomeric chlorine-containing copolymers either as a blend or in different parts of a single article simultaneously in the presence of an aliphatic amine as the elastomer accelerator or an accelerator for the natural rubber or cis-polyisoprene which has a greater effect on the curing of natural rubber than the amine. The accelerators may be used in such proportions as to cure the mixed rubber in the same time.  Cyclo-hexylbenzthiazole sulphenamide and mercaptobenzthiazole are the specified natural rubber accelerators.  Known curing acids and the usual curing additives may also be present.
Patent GB-1387933-A (GB)
Title: Polyethylene covered conductors
IPC: B29C48/06
Filed: 1972-10-18
Abstract: 1387933 Conductor sheathing with crosslinked polyethylene SIEMENS AG 18 Oct 1972 [28 Jan 1972] 48089/72 Heading B5A [Also in Divisions C3 and H1] The insulation sheathing of an aluminium or copper conductor core 5, comprises extruded cross-linked polyethylene of a density and melt flow index respectively not greater than 0À935 gm./cc. and 0À3, and in which the cross-linking has been effected by a conventional peroxide agent during passage of the extrusion through a heated salt, liquid, or fluidized bed bath, which is at atmospheric pressure and in which the conductor is maintained at at least 80 C., e.g. 150 C., to suppress bubble formation at the core-sheathing interface. The sheathing may be applied directly to the metal conductor, which may be of non-circular sector section, or pretwisted section, or may be applied to a smoothing layer simultaneously applied to the conductor and comprising simultaneously cross-linkable semi-conducting ethylene/propylene copolymer. The sheathing is extruded from a head 1, the conductor 5 being pre-heated to 80 to 200 C., e.g. 100 to 170 C., during passage through the bore 8 of a heated copper member 6 provided with temperature regulating means 10, and an extension 7 of which member is surrounded, within the head 1, by thermal insulation 11. The conductor 5 may be additionally heated by high frequency means between the extruder and the bath, downstream of which cooling is effected by progressively lower temperature water. Prior to the preheating, the conductor may be solvent cleaned and coated with specified silanes promoting adhesion of the polyethylene sheath. Conventional peroxide cross-linking agents are specified, and these may be distributed on the polyethylene prior to, or during hot extrusion compounding, in specified volatilizable solvents. Cross-linking accelerators are specified. The polyethylene melt viscosity may be lowered by styrene butadiene rubber, silicone oils, and polyglycols, or by lubricants serving also as solvent for the peroxide, such as diphenylether and chlorinated biphenyl. The heating bath may comprise polyethylene glycol, or a eutectic salt mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite and nitrate. In the examples; solvent cleaned copper and aluminium conductors, coated with different silane adhesion promoters, are sheathed with 0À918 gm./cc., 0À2 melt index, polyethylene, cross-linked to specified percentages, (9) and a smoothing and a sheathing layer may be simultaneously extruded on to a multiple strand copper conductor, the smoothing layer comprising ethylene and vinylacrylate, or ethylene-vinylacetate polymer containing carbon black and dicumyl peroxide. The cross-linked polyethylene may contain styrene-butadiene polymer.
Patent GB-1491441-A (GB)
Title: Bale stacking machine
IPC: A01D85/00
Filed: 1973-10-17
Abstract: 1491441 Variable-throw crank E C PARROTT 15 Jan 1975 [17 Oct 1973] 48309/73 Addition to 1378176 Heading F2K [Also in Division B8] The bale stacking machine described in the main Specification 1,378,176 incorporates an actuating member 100 pivoted about an axis 101 and having a series of anchorage points, such as holes 104 for selective connection of an operating ram 140. This enables a required rate and extent of angular movement to be provided with different fluid supplies. The member 100 is connected to a parallel linkage 23, a rotatable drum 6 and a bale-stack ejector 9 which function as in the main Specification.
Patent GB-1175686-A (GB)
Title: Safety Guard for a Mchining Disc such as a Circular Saw
Inventor: MCKIRLEY WILLIAM
IPC: B27G19/02
Filed: 1966-10-29
Abstract: 1,175,686. Machinery guards. PLASTICS (MANCHESTER) Ltd. 10 Oct., 1967 [29 Oct., 1966], No. 48606/66. Heading F2J. A guard for a circular saw 11 comprises a top cover 14, of inverted hull shape, pivotally mounted on a riving knife 13, and side plates 18, 19 pivotally mounted by a bolt 20 at the front of the top cover 14. The plates 18, 19 are guided for movement with respect to cover 14 by screws 25 in the cover 14 engaging arcuate slots 24 in the plates 18, 19. The cover 14 may be locked in various positions by a knob 16 and carries a roller 27 at the front to enhance feeding in of material to be cut.
Patent GB-1370004-A (GB)
Title: Sounding note board for music instruction
Inventor: HONEGGER M
IPC: G09B15/04
Filed: 1971-10-20
Abstract: 1370004 Proximity switches M HONEGGER 20 Oct 1971 [27 Oct 1970 17 June 1971 11 Aug 1971] 48818/71 Heading G1N [Also in Divisions G5 and H1] A proximity switch for a musical note indicator (see Division G5) comprises a electrode 11 in the form of a copper or conducting varnish coated insulated plastics layer. The electrode 11 is connected through an NPN amplifier transistor 21 to a PNP switching transistor 31 in the emitter circuit of which is a relay 32 slugged by a capacitor 34. Stray pick-up which is increased by touching electrode 11 causes transistor 31 to switch on relay 32.
Patent GB-1031499-A (GB)
Title: High speed optical objective
IPC: G02B13/00
Filed: 1964-12-02
Abstract: 1,031,499. Optical objectives. M. C. SCHNEIDER and H. J. SCHNEIDER, [trading as JOS. SCHENEIDER & CO. OPTISCHE-WERKE]. Dec. 2, 1964 [Dec. 4, 1963], No.48943/64. Heading G2J. An optical objective of focal length f 0  consists of a negative front component I of focal length f 1  formed by a positive first member L 1  air spaced from negative second member L 2  and a positive multi-lens rear component II of focal length f 11  spaced a distance d 4  from the front component I wherein:- (a) d 4  > half the total length of the objective (b) f 1 > 2. 5 f 11  (c) f 1  > 2. 5 f 0 . Optical data are given for the example shewn and for a modification in which the back focus is slightly smaller and the specifications of L 1  and L 2  are slightly different.
Patent GB-1101489-A (GB)
Title: High vacuum shaft seal
Inventor: HURSEY KENNETH HENRY
IPC: F16J15/40
Filed: 1965-11-18
Abstract: 1,101,489. Vacuum shaft seal. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. 9 Nov., 1966 [18 Nov., 1965], No. 49070/65. Heading F2B. A shaft 21 for manipulating devices within a vacuum chamber 16 is sealed by a casing 11 provided with a first seal 18 at one end, a second seal 23 which is grease packed at the other end, an internal chamber 12 which is intermediate the first and second seals and is arranged to be evacuated by the vacuum system, and passages 27 for cooling purposes, the shaft having stops 32, 33 for limiting axial movement of the shaft to a distance no greater than the length of the internal chamber. In order to achieve high vacuum, the whole arrangement is given a mild bake, the cooling passages 27 being used to protect the grease-packed seal 23 during this operation. The first seal 18 consists of an 0-ring made of P.T.F.E. and the second seal 18 consists of a pair of 0-rings 34 made of nitrile rubber, neoprene or a fluorinated elastomeric material; grease is supplied to a chamber formed between the rings 34 by a lubricator 24. Grit is excluded by a nylon wiper ring 31.
Patent GB-1086747-A (GB)
Title: Foamed cellulose ester articles
Inventor: HANISCH WILFRIED
IPC: C08J9/12
Filed: 1964-12-04
Abstract: Foamed thermoplastic articles are produced by extruding cellulose acetate, propionate or acetobutyrate having a moisture content of 0.3 to 5% by weight.  The ester may contain from 5 to 30% by weight of a plasticizer, e.g. esters of phthalic acid, mono-, di- and triacetates of glycerine or dibutyl sebacate.  The surface of the article may be subjected to a heat treatment after extrusion and be smoothed or closed.  The extruded article may also be shaped by heating.
Patent GB-1511630-A (GB)
Title: Hose
IPC: F16L11/08
Filed: 1976-11-26
Abstract: 1511630 Reinforced hydraulic hose INDUSTRIE PIRELLI SpA 26 Nov 1976 [27 Nov 1975] 49475/76 Heading F2P An hydraulic hose comprises two reinforcing plies 4, 6 each comprising a plurality of parallel wires wound helically with the wires of the two plies wound in opposite directions, the two plies being spaced apart by an intermediate layer 5 of elastomeric material having a thickness of less than 0À25 mm. and a hardness between 72 and 76 Shore A. Preferably each wire is a single filament having a diameter in the range 0À12 to 0À25 mm. In the arrangement shown there is an inner layer 2 and an outer layer 7 also of elastomeric material and a woven or non-woven fabric layer 3 between the layer 2 and the inner ply 4. Each ply comprises the same or substantially the same number of wires, e.g. 60. The density of the wires as considered in relation to the cross-sectional area of the hose wall in the longitudinal direction of the hose may be between 40 and 95%, and the distance between the axes of adjacent wires measured in the longitudinal direction of the hose between 0À15 and 0À76 mm. The wires may be zinc plated or brass coated.
Patent GB-1209403-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of aryl chlorides
Inventor: CUMBO CHARLES CARMEN
IPC: C07C17/093
Filed: 1968-10-18
Abstract: 1,209,403. Aryl chlorides. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. 18 Oct., 1968 [24 Oct., 1967; 13 March, 1968; 6 June, 1968], No. 49676/68. Heading C2C. A process for the production of aryl chlorides comprises contacting at elevated temperatures phosgene, carbon tetrachloride or both with an arylsulphonic acid, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal aryl sulphonate or aryl sulphonyl chloride, where the term "aryl" signifies an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted or a heterocyclic radical having aromatic properties. Examples describe the preparation of chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, 4 - chlorobiphenyl, 4,4<SP>1</SP> - dichlorobiphenyl, 3 - chloronitrobenzene, bis (4-chlorophenyl) ether, 1- and 2-chloronaphthalene, 1,5-dichloronaphthalene, 1-chloroanthracene, 1,5- and 1,8-dichloroanthracene, 2- and 3-chlorophenanthrene, 3-chloropyrene, 2-chlorofluorene, 3-chloropyridine, 2-chloropyrrole, 2-chlorofuran and 2- chlorothiophene.
Patent GB-1420634-A (GB)
Title: Tractor and trailer vehicles
IPC: B62D53/06
Filed: 1973-10-26
Abstract: 1420634 Articulated vehicles; adjusting axle loads; vehicle couplings GOLDHOFER FAHRZEUGWERK KG 26 Oct 1973 [24 July 1973] 49907/73 Headings, B7H B7D and B7T In an articulated vehicle comprising a fifthwheel tractor to which is coupled a multi-axle heavy load trailer, the forward end of a connecting bridge 3 is connected to the fifth-wheel plate 9 of the tractor so as to be pivotable relative to the tractor about the vertical axis of a kingpin 6 and a transverse axis 11, and the rear end of the bridge 3 is connected to the trailer by transverse pivot means 11 and a hydraulic piston-and-cylinder arrangement 16 by means of which part of the trailer load can be transferred to the wheels of the tractor. The piston-and-cylinder device may be pressurized by selective connection to one of hydraulic cylinders 19 the pressure in which corresponds to the loads on respective ones of the trailer axles, or pressure may be supplied by a motordriven pump.
Patent GB-1085936-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic camera crane
IPC: H04N5/28
Filed: 1965-11-24
Abstract: 1,085,936. Mobile camera supports. VICE PRESIDENT OF COMITETUL DE STAT PENTRU CULTURA SI ARTA, ROUMANIA. Nov. 24, 1965 [Nov. 27, 1964], No. 49992/65. Heading B8H. [Also in Division G2] A camera is supported on a post 5 on a boom 2, 3 which is luffed and slewed hydraulically, the pump and motor being mounted on a separate base 15 which is lowered to the ground during use and connected to the boom by flexible conduits 21. Fig. 5 (not shown) illustrates a boom 2, 3 mounted on a semitrailer 22 and hydraulic pumps 10 mounted on a tractor 23. In a third embodiment, Fig. 6 (not shown), the camera is mounted on a single boom 27, supported on a wheeled chassis 28, all wheels of which are steerable. A trailer 34 supports the hydraulic pump which is driven by an electric motor supplied with power through a cable 39 paid out from a drum 40 as the trailer advances. The drum 40 is driven by the wheels 44 and a belt 43. An entirely separate pumping unit may be located outside a sound stage as shown in Fig. 8 (not shown).
Patent GB-1496367-A (GB)
Title: Web coating apparatus
IPC: B05C3/18
Filed: 1975-12-05
Abstract: 1496367 Hot - melt adhesive applicator MIDLAND - ROSS CORP 5 Dec 1975 [25 Feb 1975] 50027/75 Heading D1L Hot melt adhesive is applied to webs by means of a pair of oppositely rotating nip rolls into the nip of which the adhesive is fed upwardly from a closed dispensing chamber, one of the rolls either acting as a backing roll 7 [Fig. 1] with the web 16 passing through the nip 17 or as a transfer roll 21 [Fig. 2] with the web passing around a backing roll 22, the other roll 6 acting as a metering roll. The closed chamber (63) [Fig. 4 (not shown)] is formed by a dike wall (43), doctor blade (46) and side dams (65) [Fig. 3 (not shown)] attached to deckle rod (66). The adhesive is supplied from a heated chamber (34) via passageways (52), the adhesive being supplied to the chamber from central chamber (62) via passageways (61). The chamber (34) is heated by fluid flowing through outer annular chamber (37). In an alternative construction for the dispenser [Fig. 6 (not shown)], the closed chamber (99) is formed by thick and thin doctor blades (92), (93) attached to manifold (83) integral with the cylindrical heater (82). The backing roll (72) is cooled by chill roll (73).
Patent GB-1332190-A (GB)
Title: Sucrose esters
IPC: C07H13/06
Filed: 1970-10-21
Abstract: 1332190 Sucrose fatty acid esters DAI-ICHI KOGYO SEIYAKU CO Ltd 21 Oct 1970 [23 Oct 1969] 50041/70 Heading C2C Sucrose esters of fatty acids are made by adding a fatty acid ester and a transesterification catalyst to an aqueous solution of sucrose containing a fatty acid soap under such conditions of temperature and pressure that a substantially completely dehydrated melt is obtained without substantial loss of fatty acid ester through hydrolysis and maintaining the said melt at 110-175‹ C. to produce the desired esters.
Patent GB-1022958-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to compositions resistant to electrostatic charge
IPC: D06M13/402
Filed: 1963-12-18
Abstract: Macromolecular organic materials are rendered resistant to electrostatic charge by incorporation of a minor amount, e.g. 0.1-7%, of a substituted acid amide of formula <FORM:1022958/C3/1> where R1 is an aryl, aralkyl or alkanyl group, the aromatic nuclei of which may be mono- or poly-substituted by halogens, hydroxy or alkoxy groups -N(R4)2 where R4 is H2 or alkyl, -COOR4, -COOMe, where Me is a metal ion, e.g. zinc, -NO2, -OOCR5, where R5 is alkyl or aryl, R2 is H or CH3, R3 is a C2- 26 alkyl and the radicals R3, R4 and R5 may be substituted by hydroxy or alkoxy groups.  The macromolecular material may be a polymer of styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, vinyl carbazole, vinyl chloride, ethylene, propylene, butene-(1), pentene-(1), 4-methyl-pentene-(1), hexene-(1), 5,5-dimethyl-hexene-(1), octadecene-(1), 4-phenyl-butene-(1), vinylcyclohexene, an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester or may be a polyterephthalate, a polycarbonate, a polyoxy-methylene, a polyacetate, a polyvinyl acetal, a polyamide, a polyurethane or an unsaturated polyester or an epoxy resin hardened by a basic reagent. Amongst acid amides exemplified are benzoic acid-N-methylstearylamide, o-toluic acid-N-methyldodecylamide, p-chloro-benzoic acid-N-stearylamide, salicylic acid-N-methylstearylamide, m-acetoxy-benzoic acid-N-methyldodecylamide or gallic acid-N-methylstearylamide. The compositions may be formed into articles.
Patent GB-1403169-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for the mechanical shaking of flasks
IPC: B01F11/00
Filed: 1973-10-26
Abstract: 1403169 Shaking of flashes SOC MINIERE ET METALLURGIQUE DE PENARROYA 26 Oct 1973 [26 Oct 1972 50056/73 Heading B1C An apparatus for the mechanical shaking of flashes comprises a framework, a transparent semi-cylindrical shell-like rotor 6 mounted on the framework for rotation on a horizontal axis passing substantially through a median line XX' through the periphery of the semicylindrical surface of the rotor, the rotor being provided with a series of openings 7 which are dimensioned to receive the flashes, the centre line of the openings passing through the axis of rotation, means for securing the flashes in position, electric driving means and controls for the driving means. The securing means is a strap 20 having an elastic portion 22 fixed at one end with a plate 23 forming a further extension. The plate has holes that can fit over a peg 24. As shown the. rotor is in two parts and there is a horizontal rack 5.
Patent GB-1191514-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for Controlling the Passage of Different Fluids, particularly Liquids, into and out of a Container.
Inventor: ASSALINI GIUSEPPE
IPC: C02F1/42
Filed: 1967-11-08
Abstract: 1,191,514. Automatic control of sequential flow of different fluids; ion-exchange. G. ASSALINI and G. BRANDOLI. 8 Nov., 1967 [12 Nov., 1966], No. 50741/67. Headings B1J and B1X. In an apparatus wherein different fluids, particularly liquids, flow from chamber 9 into container 1, which may contain a solid such as an ion-exchange resin, a decolourizing earth or a filtering material, and the fluids flow from the container 1 into a chamber 11, the fluids are supplied to chamber 9 by conduits 4.. 8 controlled by valves 10.. 14, and. are discharged from chamber 11 through conduits 22.. 24 controlled by valves 25..27, the valves being operated automatically according to a predetermined time sequence, e.g. so that the valves are opened and closed in succession and for predetermined periods. The five valves, which are spring-biased, are opened by five cams 15..19 rotated on shaft 20. Valves 25.. 27, also spring-biased, are opened by cams 28. .30 rotated on shaft 31 which rotates in synchronisation with shaft 20. The apparatus may be used to remove calcium ions from sugar juice, the container 1 being charged with strongly acidified cation resin, and supplied in succession with sugar juice, wash water, resin-regenerator, and further wash water. The process may also be carried out in an apparatus having eight feed chambers, arranged in a circle around the driving cams, each chamber being connected to a separate container for ion-exchange resin. As an example of operation, four of the containers may be fed simultaneously with sugar juice, while the other containers are receiving wash liquid or regenerating liquid. Instead of cams, the valves may be controlled by electro-magnets energized by the closing of circuits controlled by rotatable arms carrying the relevant electric contacts. The various fluids may be fed to the containers under pressure.
Patent GB-1171483-A (GB)
Title: Suction Filled Tank
Inventor: RUNDLE WILLIAM THOMAS ALAN
IPC: B60P3/22
Filed: 1966-06-24
Abstract: 1,171,483. Reissuing liquids by vacuum: controlling vacuum pumps. WRIGHT RAIN Ltd. June 21, 1967 [June 24, 1966; Nov.12, 1966], Nos. 28355/66 and 50811/66. Headings F1N and F1R. Apparatus for filling a tank with liquid by applying a vacuum to the tank has a level-actuated shut-off valve for closing the connection between the tank and the vacuum pump, which valve is arranged during its closing movement to actuate a vacuum relief valve on the suction side of the pump. The relief valve may be actuated directly by a flat actuated shut-off valve, Fig. 4 (not shown) or as shown, the relief valve 21 is opened by vacuum applied by a pipe 6 connected through a valve, actuated by the arm of a flat valve in the tank, to the pipe 7 connected to the vacuum pipe 22 which, when the valve 21 opens is connected through port 23 to the atmosphere.
Patent GB-1515818-A (GB)
Title: Novelty closure
IPC: A63F7/04
Filed: 1976-12-07
Abstract: 1515818 Puzzle FUNSTUF INC (J R HORNSBY) 7 Dec 1976 50877/76 Heading A6H [Also in Divisions B8 and G5] A container closure has a puzzle combined therewith, the puzzle comprising balls 46 to be manoeuvred into depressions 42.
Patent GB-1448701-A (GB)
Title: Polyfluoroalkylarylamines and processes for their preparation
IPC: C07C209/18
Filed: 1973-11-02
Abstract: 1448701 Polyfluoroalkylarylamines PRODUITS CHIMIQUES UGINE KUHLMANN 2 Nov 1973 [3 Nov 1972] 50911/73 Heading C2C The invention comprises compounds having the general formula wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy; R 1  is hydrogen, chlorine, alkyl, alkoxy, acrylamino or a diene group linked to the benzene nucleus to form a naphthalene nucleus; R 2  is hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cyanoethyl, and n is 2. They may be prepared by condensation of a polyfluoro compound of formula where Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine, either with an amine of the formula or with an amine of the formula and in this second case optionally treating the resulting product with an alkylating agent Y-R 2  where Y is the anion of a mineral acid or with a hydroxyalkyl halide, an epoxide or acrylonitrile.
Patent GB-1184277-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Electroless Plating
Inventor: OITA HYOGO HIROHATA MASAHIRO
IPC: C23C18/40
Filed: 1968-10-28
Abstract: 1,184,277. Coating with metals. MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO. Ltd. Oct.28, 1968 [Oct.27, 1967], No.51064/68. Heading C7F. An electroless copper plating bath comprises an aqueous solution of (moles 1 litre) 0À005 to 0À3 copper compound; 0À005 to 0À6 copper complexing agent, 0À02 to 3À0 formaldehyde, 0À01 to 1000 milligrams 1 litre of an additive selected from the group consisting of 2, 2<SP>1</SP>-dipyridyl, 2, 9- dimethyl-1, 10 phenanthroline, and 2-(2-pyridyl)- benzimidazole, and an alkaline compound e. g. sodium hydroxide or carbonate, to maintain the pH at 10À5 to 14. The copper compound may be sulphate, nitrate, chloride or acetate. The complexing agent may be a citrate, tartrate, e. d. t. a. or triethanolamine. The substrate may be Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, Cu, organic resin, e.g. epoxy, glass or ceramic, the non-metals being first immersed in stannous and palladium chlorides. The  temperature of the bath may be 20 to 90‹ C.