Patent GB-760002-A (GB)
Title: Reinforced rubber compositions and reinforcing materials therefor
Inventor: MADGE EVELYN WILLIAM
IPC: C08L61/06
Filed: 1952-01-15
Abstract: Rubber is reinforced by the incorporation of a resin having attached to its macromolecular structure by salt-like linkages long-chain radicals having at least ten atoms in the chain. Specified resins having ionizable atoms are novolak and resol type sulphonated or unsulphonated synthetic resins, and sulphonated polystyrene.  The long - chain radicals are attached to the resin by ion-exchange, suitable compounds being quaternary ammonium compounds and the corresponding oxonium, phosphonium and stannonium compounds, in particular the cationic soaps.  The resin may be dispersed in water, the soap added and the resulting dispersion mixed directly with a rubber latex, or the ion-exchange may be effected in the presence of the latex, the resin and latex then being coprecipitated. Preferably, however, the resin is isolated after ion-exchange and incorporated with the rubber on a heated mill.  The resin may be hardened before ion-exchange or during or after incorporation with the rubber.  The resins may be used to reinforce both natural and synthetic rubbers, e.g. conjugated diene polymers or copolymers with chloroprene, isobutylene, acrylonitrile or styrene.  The rubbers may be oil-modified.  In examples: (1) a resin was prepared by alkaline condensation of 6 mols. phenol, 1 mol. phenol-sulphonic acid and five mols. formaldehyde.  The product was ground, washed and dried and 100 parts suspended in water followed by 10 parts cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide.  The matter precipitating after 10 minutes was washed and dried and 33 parts incorporated into 100 parts natural rubber on a heated mill.  The mix was then compounded on a cool mill with conventional ingredients and moulded.  Figures are given for the physical properties of the moulded product and of a product moulded from a mix containing a resin not subjected to ion-exchange; (2) similar to (1) but using cetyl pyridinium chloride.  Specifications 691,608, 702,670, 709,991, 713,531, 723,897, 723,898 and 730,864, [Group V], are referred to.ALSO:Indiarubber is reinforced by the incorporation of a resin having attached to its manomolecular structure by salt-like linkages long chain radicals having at least ten atoms in the chain.  Specified resins having ionisable atoms are novolak and resol type sulphurated or unsulphurated synthetic resins and sulphurated polystyrene.  The long chain radicals are attached to the resin by ion-exchange, suitable compounds being quaternary ammonium compounds and the corresponding oxonium, phosphonium and stannonium compounds, in particular the cationic soaps.  The resin may be dispersed in water, the soap added and the resulting dispersion mixed directly with a rubber latex, or the ion-exchange may be effected in the presence of the latex, the resin and latex then being io-precipitated.  Preferably however the resin is isolated after ion-exchange and incorporated with the rubber on a heated mill. The resin may be hardened before ion-exchange or during or after incorporation with the rubber.  The resins may be used to modify both natural and synthetic rubbers and the rubbers may be oil-modified. In examples:-(1) A resin was prepared by alkaline condensation of 6 mols phenol, 1 mol phenol sulphuric acid and five mols formaldehyde. The product was ground, washed and dried and 100 parts suspended in water followed by 10 parts cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.  The matter precipitating after 10 minutes was washed and dried and 33 parts incorporated into 100 parts natural rubber on a heated mill. The mix was then compounded on a cool mill with conventional ingredients and moulded.  Figures are given for the physical properties of the moulded product and of a product moulded from a mix containing a resin not subjected to ion-exchange.  (2)-similar to (1) by using cetyl pyridinium chloride.  Specifications 691,608, 702,670, 709,991.  713,531, 723,897, 723,898 and 730,864 are referred to.