baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent HU-197952-B (HU)
Inventor: NAGY PAL
IPC: E06B9/02
Filed: 1987-10-08
Abstract: A találmány lényege, hogy a rácsszerkezet sorokban és oszlopokban elrendezett „U" alakú lamellákból (6), hordozó rudakból (4) és vezető hordozó rudakból (5) van kialakítva oly képpen, hogy az „U" alakú lamellák (6) a száraikon kialakított furataik révén a hordozó rudakra (4) és a vezető hordozó rudakra (5) elforgathatóan vannak felfűzve és az „U" alakú lamellák (6) bármely egymás mellett lévő hordozó rudat (4) és vezető hordozó rudat (5) egymástól adott távolságban tartják és a vezető hordozó rúd (5) a rácskeret (2) vezető hornyába (13) nyúlik be. Jellemző ábra: 1. ábra  1. abra -1-
Patent HU-212676-B (HU)
Title: Stabilizing aid for foodstuffs
Inventor: BALDAUF HANSPETER
IPC: A23L29/00
Filed: 1989-07-19
Abstract: A stabilizing aid which preserves the cohesion and shape of loose objects, in particular foodstuffs such as meat and sausages, during and after manufacture, consists of a supporting constituent which on heating dissolves slowly or quickly, depending on its composition. The supporting constituent is advantageously dimensionally stable and consists of glue-, gelatine-, or glucose-like or starch-containing material. Preferably, this stabilizing aid is a starch-based, heat-processable, granular polymer.
Patent HU-202440-B (HU)
Inventor: KALYDY ISTVAN
IPC: B30B9/14
Filed: 1986-11-24
Abstract: A berendezésnek előviztelenítő kamrája (8)
és két további préselő kamrája (9, 10) van,
amelyek közül az első kettőn húzódik ét a
préselócsiga (3), az utosó pedig kúpos kialakítású,
és kitorkolló nyílásához (50) kidobóeszköz
(6) csatlakozik. A előviztelenítő kamra
(8) csaknem teljes hosszában az adagológarat
(2) nyílása (13) húzódik felül végig. A másik
hengeres kamrában (9) spirális lekotróborda
(15) van, amelynek menetemelkedése ellentétes
irányú a préselócsiga (3) menetemelkedésével.
(1. ábra)
Patent HU-208079-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing pharmaceutical compositions against injuries destroying nervous tissue
Inventor: CHOI DENNIS W
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1987-11-24
Abstract: Means for reducing adverse effects of neurotoxic injury, which comprises administering to a patient susceptible to neurotoxic injury an effective amount, sufficient to reduce the injury, of a compound which is an enantiomer of an analgesic opioid agonist or antagonist, preferably an opiate agonist having a ring system of the following stereochemistry, which shows only carbon and nitrogen atoms in the rings:
       
 The dextrorotatory opiates, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan, are particularly suitable for use in the invention.
Patent HU-204134-B (HU)
Inventor: BARTHANE N MARTA
IPC: G01R31/28
Filed: 1989-11-28
Abstract: A találmány tárgya kapcsolási elrendezés integrált áramköröket vizsgáló mérőrendszer kialakítására, amelynek jelmintaprocesszor egységhez (1) csatlakozó jelformáló és kiértékelő egysége (2) van, amely jelszintmeghatározó egységgel (4) van összekötve. Időzí-      Hl 1  Jih.   tő egységgel (3), továbbá mérésfeltétel vezérlő egységgel (5) rendelkezik, a jelmintaprocesszor egység (1) vezérlő memóriával (10) összekötő vezérlő egyse- mq get (12) és utasításvégrehajtó egysége(ke)t (11) tartalmaz. A vezérlő memória (10) egyik - vezérlő - ki'- ω <t © CM 3.ábra A leírás terjedelme: 10 oldcd, 7 ábra
Patent IT-1174711-B (IT)
Title: Mechanical speed and torque-converter - has planetary gear train with planet carriage oscillated about main shaft
IPC: F16H/
Filed: 1978-07-14
Granted: 1987-07-01
Abstract: The mechanical speed- and torque converter incorporates a spur-toothed planetary gear train with a sun wheel fixed to a main shaft, one or more planetary pinions and a planet carrier (T) turning about the main shaft axis. An active weight (42, 48) is coupled to each pinion, its alternating torque generated by inertia forces being transmitted to the main shaft, while its centre of gravity is on the axis of rotation of the respective pinion. A mechanism can be coupled to a drive shaft to oscillate the planet carrier about its axis of rotation. Two or more freewheels, engaging in opposite directions, limit movement of the main shaft, with which an output shaft is coupled via a further freewheel.
Patent IT-1111640-B (IT)
Title: Flexible plastics sealing strips with metal insert - has transverse corrugations for use in car bodies with U=shaped metal support
IPC: B60J10/00
Filed: 1977-07-11
Granted: 1986-01-13
Abstract: Flexible or semi-rigid sealing strips are intended for use with car bodies. The strip consists of a core or metal profiled support (5) of U section. This is covered with plastic material or rubber (10), which is extruded and has longitudinal ear pieces to improve both sealing and seating. The joint can be used as a seat on an edge around the vehicle door opening. The support (5) is of undulated metal with ridges and depressions. Each undulation goes transversely and they extend over the full length of the strip, in a U shape. The strip can be cut to length, or may be made in pre-formed sections as required.
Patent LT-3993-B (LT)
Title: Apparatus for determining dimensions and travels
Inventor: BELONENKO VLADIMIR N
IPC: G01B17/02
Filed: 1994-08-12
Abstract: The device for the measurement of the magnitude and its displacement, consists of a sensor (2), mounted inside a housing (1), which has a measurement chamber filled with a liquid, the changer (5) of the longitudinal acoustic oscillations, is mounted inside. It comprises of measurement sections with stable and changing acoustical bases.
Patent LV-10281-B (LV)
Title: Novel 16,17-acetalsubstituted androstane-17beta-carboxylic acid esters
Inventor: ANDERSSON PAUL HAKAN
IPC: C07J71/00
Filed: 1993-06-30
Abstract: The invention refers to compounds having anti- inflammetory activity characterized by the formulaor a stereoisomeric component thereof, in which formula the 1,2-position is saturated or is a double bandX, is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromineX<sub>2</sub> is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromineR<sub>1</sub> is selected from hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain having 1-4 carbon atomsR<sub>2</sub> is selected from hydrogen or straight and branched hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms andR<sub>3</sub> is selected fromY is O or SR<sub>4</sub> is selected from hydrogen, straight or branched hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms or from phenylR<sub>5</sub> is selected from hydrogen or methyl andR<sub>6</sub> is selected from hydrogen, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group substituted by at least one halogen atom, a heterocyclic ring system containing 3-10 atoms in the ring system, -(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>m</sub> CH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> (m=0,1,2; n=2,3,4,5,6), phenyl or benzyl groups which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl, nitro, carboxy, alkoxy, halogen, cyano, carbalkoxy or trifluoromethyl group(s), provided that when R<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen R<sub>1</sub> is methyl.The invention also refers to a process and intermediates for the preparation of these compounds, a pharmaceutical preparation containing one of the compounds and a method for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Patent LV-10631-B (LV)
Title: Method and retort furnace for manufacturing of charcoal
Inventor: DAINIS TREIJS
IPC: C10B47/00
Filed: 1993-10-05
Abstract: The invention refers to fuel chemical technology and it can be used in forest-chemistry and the fuel output industry. Essence of proposed method: the process can be realized by burning an initially single loaded fuel portion and during the process delivering to the oven furnace wood-pulp and pyrolysis products, thus securing further heating of the retorts by the end of the charcoal`s developing. Unloading the first set of retorts filled with charcoals instead of it loading-in the second set filled with wood-pulps and repeating the process prevents the oven from becoming cold. Cooling and unloading of the first retorts set is done outside the oven while the second set is pyrolysing.The body of the proposed retort oven (fig. 1) is made as a heat isolated shaft, equipped with a cover and under it, on the upper part of the oven, a support is located with the openings for placing retorts. The retorts themselves are made in the shape of metallic cylinders. Hermetic locks, for example pocket-shaped, filled with sand, are located on the cover and the body and/or the retort and the horizontal support junctions. The gas-outlet pipes collector is made between the cover and the horizontal support.<IMAGE>
Patent LV-12356-B (LV)
Title: Sealing cover for an opening of a container
Inventor: WIENING HEINZ-RUDOLF
IPC: B65B41/04
Filed: 1999-04-14
Abstract: A sealing cover for an opening of a container has a first foil (12) that seals the opening (11) of the container (10). A metal foil (20), especially aluminium foil, is also provided for inductive sealing of the first foil (12) at the lip of the opening (11), along with a removable sealing lid (30) that can be screwed back on again. A releasable adhesive control layer (150 between the first foil (12) and the metal foil (20) enables the metal foil (20) to be detached from the first foil after the sealing lid (30) has been removed. An elastic layer (28) is provided between the sealing lid (30) and the metal foil (20). Between the metal foil (20) and the elastic layer (28) is a separation layer (25), which becomes liquid at induction temperatures, and a suction layer (27). During the induction process the latter absorbs the liquified substance of the separation layer (25). The adhesive control layer (15) does not have such an adjoining suction layer.
Patent MX-165254-B (MX)
Title: Tapa para sellar recipientes
Inventor: LABARGE ROBERT L
IPC: B65D17/28
Filed: 1986-05-27
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a una tapa adaptada para acoplamiento de sello sustancialmente a prueba de gas con un recipiente que tiene un contenido del cual se disocia gas, y el recipiente tiene una abertura en un extremo del mismo para surtir su contenido y un reborde continuo que tiene una superficie de sello sustancialmente tersa alrededor de la abertura, caracterizado por el hecho de que la tapa comprende una porción de sello que tiene una pared superior, un faldón que pende de la pared superior que tiene cuando menos una porción del mismo adaptado para ajustarse por apriete con una porción de la superficie de sello sobre el reborde del recipiente que es suficiente para efectuar un sello de baja presión, y un reborde que tiene en el mismo una superficie que da cara hacia arriba que se proyecta desde el faldón, y el sello de baja presión es efectivo para permitir que la presión dentro del recipiente aumente hasta que este aumento en la presión que actúa contra la pared superior hace que la superficie de borde que da cara hacia arriba selle contra una porción de la superficie de sello en el reborde del recipiente, que es suficiente para evitar el escape del gas a altas presiones.
Patent NO-134944-B (NO)
Inventor: BECKER K
IPC: C03B23/00
Filed: 1972-10-05
Abstract: Verktøy i en glassforarbeidende maskin.
Patent NO-148941-B (NO)
Inventor: STOKLAND SIGMUND
IPC: A01F12/18
Filed: 1980-02-05
Abstract: There is described a harvester-thresher comprising one or more rotatably-mounted threshing cylinders and at least one cutting device positioned so as to act upon harvested crop before substantial threshing thereof has occured.
Patent NO-159972-B (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate for fremstiling av frosne frukt- eller groennsakprodukter med redusert vanninnhold.
Inventor: BENGTSSON BENGT LENNART
IPC: A23B7/05
Filed: 1983-12-22
Abstract: For å redusere mengden av avvann som må behandles i oppberedningsanlegg blir mesteparten av spill-vannet som dannes ved blancherlng og avkjøling av frukt- og grønnsaker eliminert.Dette skjer ved en fremgangsmåte for behandling av frukt og grønnsaker der man arbeider på konvensjonell måte inntil blancheringatrinnet med etter-følgende blancherlng i damp og gjenvinning av et kondensat, avkjøling i luft og fortrinnsvis be-sprøyting med vann eller noe av kondensatet eller, etter luftkjølingstrinnet, gjennomføring i koldt vann i en avkjølingssyklus. Etter tilsetning av den nødvendige mengde salt til f.eks. grønnsakene fryses råstoffet og overflatene glaseres med noe eller alt kondensat.Den beskrevne fremgangsmåte øker utbyttet og for-hindrer tap av verdifulle oppløselige stoffer.
Patent NO-168623-B (NO)
Inventor: WERNER PER GUNNAR
IPC: A47C3/24
Filed: 1986-02-18
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/NO85/00034 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 18, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 18, 1986 PCT Filed Jun. 14, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/00205 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 16, 1986.A spindle for working chairs having an adjustable height comprises an inner tube (1) which is slidably inserted in an outer tube (3) and extends therefrom and is adapted to transmit the load from the chair seat to the outer tube. The inner tube (1, 1', 1'') is lockable in a plurality of positions relative to the outer tube. The load is transmitted from the inner to the outer tube through a threaded spindle (10, 10', 10'') which is coaxial with the tubes and is rotatably mounted in the outer tube (3), and the threads of which engage a nut (8) which is stationary with respect to the inner tube. The threaded connection formed between the nut and the spindle has a pitch which is sufficiently large for the connection not be self-locking when the nut (8) is moved axially, but still sufficiently small to allow a substantial part of the axial load to be transfered to the threaded spindle (10, 10', 10''). A releasable locking member (18, 18', 18a, 18b) preventing rotation of the threaded spindle (10, 10', 10'') relative to the outer tube is provided for locking the telescopic device. The threaded connection is used to provide a spring operated adjustment of the length. For this purpose the outer tube (3) is non-rotatably secured with respect to the inner tube (1, 1', 1''), and a spiral spring (21), i.e. a spring similar to a watch spring, is provided for acting between the outer tube (3) and the spindle (10, 10', 10'') for rotation thereof in a direction corresponding to a raising of the seat of the chair.
Patent NO-163458-B (NO)
Inventor: CAHUZAC GEORGES JEAN JOSEPH
IPC: D03D37/00
Filed: 1988-02-16
Abstract: In this machine, rows of rods (R12, R32, R43, R23) representing the woof threads are circulated in passages A, B, C defined between filaments (86) forming concentric open loops having adjustable diameters. In the openings of the loops are needles (90) movable between neutral or open positions for deviating the rods from a passage into an adjacent passage while depositing warp threads in circular layers between the rods. The rods are then replaced by woof threads by a lacing device.
Patent NO-178002-B (NO)
Inventor: VUORINEN TIMO
IPC: D21B1/34
Filed: 1990-08-10
Abstract: The pulping space, whereto the paper pulp to be purified is conducted, is provided with e.g. a rotor unit and a connecting screenplate. According to the method, the pulping space (2) enclosed by a solid jacket (1,3,4) is divided into a primary and a secondary space (5,12) by means of a partition wall construction (13). Both the primary and the secondary space (5,12) are provided with separate rotor units (6,15) and perforated screenplates (8,16) in connection with said rotor units (5,16). The paper pulp to be purified is conducted into the primary space (5) and a connection between the primary and secondary spaces (5,12) is arranged within the partition wall construction (13).
Patent NO-175315-B (NO)
Inventor: RIDYARD DENIS ROBERT ANNESLEY
IPC: C09B62/10
Filed: 1991-08-14
Abstract: Dyes of Formula (1) which are useful for the coloration of e.g. cellulosic materials and leathers. <CHEM>  wherein:   NiPc   is a nickel phthalocyanine radical; r   has a value from 1 to 3 inclusive; m   has a value from 1 to 3 inclusive; p   has a value from 0 to 1 inclusive; R<1>   is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl; R<2> , R<3> and R<4>   are each independently H, C1-6-alkyl or substituted C1-6-alkyl; A   is phenylene, substituted phenylene, C1-6-alkylene or substituted C1-6-alkylene; Q   is a labile substituent; B   is phenylene, phenylene substituted by 1 or 2 sulpho groups or phenylene substituted by an alkyl or alkoxy group; Z   is H or alkyl; and X and Y   are each independently H, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, carboxy or sulpho; provided that r+m+p does not exceed 4. o
Patent NO-176114-B (NO)
Inventor: OLSEN BJOERN WILLY
IPC: E06B3/48
Filed: 1992-09-01
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/NO93/00131 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 6, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 6, 1995 PCT Filed Aug. 31, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/05887 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 17, 1994An interconnecting element for connecting panels (2,23) consisting of upper (1) and lower (18) profile parts, the profile parts (1,18) having curved sections (5,20) which interact with each other at a distance from a pivotal joint (3). One side edge of the curved section (5) is intended to interact with the panel (2), and the other, opposite side edge is designed with a flange (4) which is at an angle to the pivotal joint (3) , which constitutes a rotation point for the curved section (5). Moreover the lower profile part (18) has a socket (19) for interaction with the pivotal joint (3), the curved section (20) being provided at a distance from the socket (19 ) for interaction with the upper profile part's curved section (5). The curved sections (5,20) are provided on the inside of the panels (2,23) on the end edges as an extension of the panels' (2,23) end profiles (10,30).
Patent SE-305004-B (SE)
Inventor: BRENNAN J
IPC: F25D21/08
Filed: 1966-02-23
Abstract: 1,098,430. Electric resistance heaters. EMHART CORPORATION. Dec. 14, 1965 [Aug. 3, 1965], No. 53003/65. Heading H5H. [Also in Division F4] An electric heater for use in a refrigerated display case (see Division F4) comprises a resistance element 70 wound as shown on a grid formed of rods 66, 68. Pins 72 assist in supporting the element 70.
Patent SE-335817-B (SE)
Inventor: KUFFER C
IPC: B65D83/14
Filed: 1967-04-18
Abstract: 1,165,081. Dispensing Liquids under gaseous pressure. AEROSOL INVENTIONS & DEVELOPMENT S.A. April 13, 1967 [June 8, 1966], No. 16916/67. Heading F1R. A discharge valve assembly for a pressurized aerosol dispensing container is adapted for pressure-filling the container with propellant, and comprises a spring-loaded valve member 20 with an operating stem 22, a sealing gasket 18 acting to close a discharge port 26 in the valve member when in its upward position, Fig. 1 (not shown), and gasket 18 being forced downwardly, as shown, by filling gas pressure to admit the gas to the container via opening 28 and openings 51, when valve member 20 and valve housing portion 41 are moved out of sealing engagement with gasket 18. If the valve stem operating member 72 of the filling head 64 is omitted, gas will also flow through the valve and its dip tube into the container. Gas may also flow over the upper surface of gasket 18 and between the gasket and portion 48 of the valve housing. Openings 51 are formed in a diaphragm portion which flexes when housing 41 is moved out of engagement with gasket 18. Abutments 34 are provided inwardly of valve body rim 32, and abutments 57 are provided beneath opening 36 to maintain a flow path. The dip tube nipple 55 may have a restriction Fig. 6 (not shown). The valve housing may have a gas phase outlet 80. The valve may be actuated by tilting or depressing the valve stem.
Patent YU-47771-B (YU)
Title: Postupak za proizvodnju laktuloze
Inventor: DORSCHEID M
IPC: C13K5/00
Filed: 1990-06-01
Abstract: POSTUPAK ZA PROIZVODNJU LAKTULOZE koji obuhvata pripremanje vodenog rastvora koji obuhvata laktozu i najviše ekvimolarnu količinu boraksa, reakciju navedenih kom-ponenata tog rastvora na temperaturi od 80В°C do temperature ključanja, u datom primeru izdvajanje laktuloze od neizmenjene laktoze i nusproizvoda, naznačen time, što se osim boraksa u vodeni rastvor ne dodaje nijedan drugi materijal za alkalisanje. Prijava sadrži još 7 zavisnih zahteva.
Patent YU-48442-B (YU)
Inventor: CHUNG-SHU-KUNG P
IPC: C12N15/00
Filed: 1980-04-25
Abstract: Hybrid cell line for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on all normal human Tcells and cutaneous T lymphoma cells. The hybrid is formed by fusing spienocytes from immunized CAF, mice with P3X63Ag8U1 myeloma cells. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the monoclonal antibody are also disclosed.
Patent YU-48714-B (YU)
Title: Derivatives of benzofuran, benzothyophen and indoliyine and process for preparation
Inventor: JEAN GUBIN
IPC: C07D409/06
Filed: 1991-08-05
Abstract: Heterocycles of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are new. Het = gp. (i)-(iii), T = RRaN, R and Ra = H, 1-4C alkyl or SO2R1, R1 = 1-6C alkyl, CF3, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl (all opt. substd.) or Ra and R1 together form a 3-6C cyclic sulphonamide, T' = H, NO2 or RRaN, T'' = benzyloxycarbonyl, T''1-OCO, T''2, T''3N.CO or NRRa, T''1, T''2 and T''3 = H or 1-4C alkyl or T''2 and T''3 together complete a 4-6C ring, X = O or S, Y = CO, CHOR5 or CH2, R5 = H, 1-4C alkyl or COR'4, R'4 = 1-4C alkyl, R1 = 1-6C alkyl or phenyl (opt. substd.), R2 = H or 1-6C alkyl, R3 =- 1-6C alkyl or R6-alk, or R2 and R3 are together a 3-6C alkylene or alkenylene (opt. substd.) and opt. interrupted by O, NH, N= or NR7, alk = bond or 1-5C alkylene, R6 = pyridyl, phenyl, phenoxy (the last 2 opt. substd. by 1 or more of halo or 1-4C alkyl or alkoxy) or 3,4-methylene dioxyphenyl, R7 = 1-4C alkyl or phenyl, R4 = H, 1-4C alkyl, R'1SO2 or R74R''4N-(CH2)m, R'1 = 1-4C alkyl, phenyl or benzyl (both opt. substd.), R'4 and R''4 = 1-4C alkyl, m = 1-3, A = O, S or NHCO. When W and W' are each =CH- or N, Z = O or S but when W = =CH-and W' = =CR8-, Z = -CH=CR'8-, R8 and R'8 = H, halo or 1-4C alkyl or alkoxy, n = 1-5 provided than when R4 = SO2R'1, T' is H, NO2 or cyclised RRaN. 5 Cpds. are specifically claimed, including 2-(n-butyl)-3-(4-(3-di-n-butylamino -propoxy) benzoyl)-5-methylsulphonamido -benzofuran.
Patent YU-46894-B (YU)
Inventor: MISO SIRKA
IPC: B26D3/00
Filed: 1982-07-01
Abstract: ALAT ZA ODSECANJE PROFILNE SIPKE ZA TRODELNE NAPLATKE, naznacen time, sto sadrzi rezne ploce (3 i 4) sa otvorima profila profilne sipke, a koje su na medjusobnom sastavu oblika lastinog repa, pri cemu je nepokretna rezna ploca (3) izmenljivo postavljena u nepokretnoj ploci (1), a pokretna rezna ploca (4) u pokretnoj ploci (2), koja je obrtna oko, na svom donjem kraju postavljene osovinice (9) ulezistene u nepokretnoj ploci (1). Prijava sadrzi jos 1 zavisan zahtev.
Patent ZA-831009-B (ZA)
Title: Process for running a cyclically operated pressure-swing adsorption unit
Inventor: ASZTALOS STEFAN
IPC: B01D53/04
Filed: 1983-02-15
Abstract: 1. A method of operating a cyclically-operating pressure-swing adsorption system for cleaning and separating gases, comprising a plurality of adsorbers each of which, within a cycle, passes through a predetermined number of adsorption, expansion or pressure compensation, flushing and repressurisation phases, wherein for the adsorbers, the pipelines and/or the valves of the pressure-swing adsorption system, measurable physical quantities are selected and continuously measured, and wherein the occurrence of differences between measured values and theoretical values of these quantities are evaluated as an indication of a defect in the adsorption system, and after the blocking-off of the apparatus components which have been established as being defective, the adsorption system is further operated with a reduced number of adsorbers, characterised in that, on the occurrence of a difference between the theoretical and measured values of one of these quantities, the occurrence of a difference between the theoretical and measured values of at least one other quantity assigned to the same part of the system is awaited, and that only then are the apparatus components which have been established as being defective blocked-off and the adsorption system further operated with a reduced number of adsorbers.