Patent GB-858631-A (GB)
Title: A method of and apparatus for producing three-dimensional shapes
IPC: B23Q35/10
Filed: 1957-04-04
Abstract: 858,631. Copy-milling. DECKEL, H., and DECKEL, F. W. April 4, 1957 [April 6, 1956], No. 11091/57. Class 83 (3). A machine for machining three-dimensional shapes by moving a tool 9 in consecutive passes along adjacent paths, comprises a work-table 6 adjustable in three directions perpendicular to one another and a tool support movable parallel to itself in a plane set at an angle to the direction of tool feed, the movement of the tool support being derived from a member of a linkage that is connected with the tool support through a gimbal mount 31. The work-slide 6 is adjustable on a slide 4 carried by a vertically-adjustable knee 2. The cutter 9 and a tracer arm 16 are mounted on a slide 14 carried by a parallelogram linkage 12 adjustable vertically on guides 11. Movement of the cutter is constrained by a block 27 adjustable on the slide 14, and adjustably connected to an arm 25 universally jointed to a crank 24, adjustable on a rotatable disc 21. The disc is adjustable about a horizontal axis A and a vertical axis B, against a scale 37. Thus, if the tool-constraining members 27, 25 are locked and the disc 21 is able to rotate only in a vertical plane, the tool is constrained to move in a vertical circular path. By inclining the disc, the circular path is also inclined. If, with the disc inclined, the parallelogram linkage is locked by an arm 41 and a pin 42, and the block 27 is freed, then the tool traces an ellipse in a vertical plane. If, however, the vertical movement of the parallelogram is locked by a swinging jaw 40 and the arm 25 is free to move vertically, then an ellipse is generated in a horizontal-plane. A cam 50 on the work-table 6 determines the necessary vertical adjustment of the knee 2 in co-operation with a fixedly-mounted gauge 55. Three further cams 51-53 are mounted on a table 54, which follows the horizontal, but not vertical, movements of the table 6. The cam 51 determines the adjustment of the slide 4 in co-operation with a fixedly-mounted gauge 56. The cam 52 determines the radius of the crankpin 24, and the cam 53 determines the angle-oftilt of the disc 21. In operation, with the parts adjusted until all the gauges register zero, the cross-beam is moved by hand to traverse the cutter across the work. The work-table is then given a feed increment transversely, the gauges are again zeroed and a further traverse of the cutter is made. The cycle is repeated until cutting is complete. The cams 50-53 and and vase 70 produced thereby are shown in detail in Fig. 2. In a modification, for producing a mould for curved elbow-pipes, the disc 21 is adjusted about the axis B by a cam. In a further modification, a cam 81, Fig. 4, determines the position of the slide 4, and also the angular adjustment of the gimbal 31. For the latter adjustment, a mirror 88 is tilted until it is normal to the curve of the cam, the tilting being transmitted to the gimbal 31 through a tape 83. The circular or other section of the curved mould 8 is then generated in the correct plane. The gauge 85 contacting the crankradius cam 80 must also be set normal to the cam either by eye or by scale markings, or by a linkage between the gauges. In this machine, the workpiece has only circular sections and the cams represent the curvature of the axis of the sections and the radii of the sections. If the axis of the sections lies on a circle, the machine may be modified by providing for lateral adjustment of the disc 21, Fig. 6. For producing a die 100, Fig. 7, in which there is relative linear movement between the tool and work, a cam 102 controls the elevation of the table 6, a cam 103 determines the angle of the crank-slot 23, in which, in this case, the crank is freely slidable, and a cam 104 determines the limit of the traverse movement of the slide 14. Specification 692,988 is referred to.