Patent GB-973149-A (GB)
Title: Data storage system
IPC: G11C15/02
Filed: 1961-07-31
Abstract: 973,149. Associative memory. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. July 31,1961 [Aug. 12,1960], No. 27668/61. Heading G4C. With each word location of a data store are associated vacancy elements which are switched to indicate whether or not the location is available for the entry of a new word. The data store described is associative. The storage and vacancy elements consist of transfluxors capable of three stable states: blocked, Fig. 1a, upward flux in a left-hand path and downward flux in middle and right-hand paths; set, Fig. 1c, no flux in the lefthand path, upward flux in the middle path and downward flux in the right-hand path; and primed, Fig. 1d, in which the flux of the set state is reversed. A blocked transfluxor can only switch to the set state, and this by applying current in winding 34 in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow. From the set or primed state a transfluxor can be blocked by current through winding 34. A primed transfluxor can be set by current in the direction of the arrow through winding 33. Entering data words (Fig. 2) is preceded by a vacancy test. A positive signal issues from write control 49 on line 35 and passes through windings on two of the three transfluxors which provide vacancy indication and control the application of read or write signals. If a word location is occupied the transfluxors such as V11 and V12 are blocked and V13 is set. If a word location is free for entry of a new word the transfluxors V11- and V12 are set and V13 is blocked. Assume that the word 1 location is occupied and the word 9 location free; The signal on line 35 will have no effect on blocked V12 but will prime the set V13. The resultant output on line 36 will be applied to the word 9 register and will switch blocked V92 to prime, having no effect on blocked V93. If word 9 register had been occupied V93 would have generated an all-occupied signal on line 39. The switching of V93 results in an output on line 41 which erases the data (by setting the transfluxors to blocked) now occupying the word 9 register. Control 49 now issues a negative signal on line 35 and a positive signal on line 43. V13 will switch from primed to set, giving a negative output on line 36 which will switch V92 to set. The result is an output puse which will tend to set all the elements of word 9 register. The signal on line 43 opens gates W1 to W51 to the outputs of data and tag entry register triggers ED1... ET5 which outputs in combination with the signal on line 41 set the elements of word 9 register to represent the required date word. The signal on line 41 also acts to operate a single shot multivibrator A93 which sets V93 and blocks V91 and V92. It will be noted that to enter a tag one-bit two cores such as T151, T153 are set, the other remaining blocked. Reading data words. The required tag is set in the tag entry register ET1... Et5. Fig. 3 shows the windings necessary for read out of a data word. A read signal issues on line 61 and interrogates the vacancy transfluxors V11,V91. If V11 is set, indicating that word 1 register is free the transfluxor is switched to prime and a mismatch signal issues on line 60. This inhibits the action of amplifier. All which passes the signal on line 61 to a tag and data read out line 64. If V11 is blocked a mismatch signal may issue an interrogation of the tag storing transfluxors. This is done by interrogating those transfluxors which, given that the word tag is the same as that looked for, should be blocked. If a word register has not got the required tag at least one of the interrogated transfluxors will be at set and will be switched to prime by the interrogating signal to produce a mismatch signal on line 60. If no mismatch signal occurs (say in word 1 register) amplifier A11 will operate produce a read out signal on line 64. This has the effect of switching set data arid tag storing transfluxors to prime and to set V13. The switching produces data signals which are stored, for example, in an exit register. Finally a negative read isgnal issues a line 61 which will set V11. . . V91 in vacant word registers which have been primed by the previous positive read signal, will set tag sorting transfluxors switched by the interrogation, and will set the tag and data storing transfluxors read out by the signal on line 64. The switching of transfluxors in the word registers from which the data was not read out will again produce mismatch signals to inhibit the amplifier A11. . . A91. The negative signal on line 61 will also set the vacancy transfluxors to indicate that the register is available to read in a new word unless an inhibit vacancy signal 69 also issues.