baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-229306-A (GB)
Title: Improved apparatus for the continuous distillation of tar or hydrocarbon oils
IPC: C10C1/04
Filed: 1925-02-11
Abstract: 229,306. Pieters, J. Feb. 12, 1924, [Convention date]. Column stills; hydrocarbons, distilling and cracking.-An apparatus for the continuous distillation of tar or hydrocarbon oils comprises a column heated by gases from a burner or furnace in the base b<2>, Fig. 2, rising through a central passage b packed with refractory blocks b<1>. The upper sections A - - D of the column are formed of cast iron and the lower section E of refractory material. Tar is fed to the column from a vessel c through a pipe c<2> below the upper section A. The vapours evolved are separated from entrained liquid in the plates of the section A and pass to a condenser. The condensate after separation of water, may be passed away for purification or may be mixed with the dehydrated tar passing by a pipe f from the base of the section B, and reentering the column at the top of section D, each plate of which is fitted with a pipe g through which a liquid reagent which facilitates cracking, such as acetic, hydrochloric, or other acid or aluminium chloride, may be admitted. The tar is distilled to dryness in section E, from the plates of which coke is periodically removed. The vapours rise through section C the plates of which are covered with solid catalytic materials such as filings of iron, copper, &c. The vapours leave the column by an exit k<2> and pass to a condenser. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) states also that the various sections may be constituted by separate columns. The column may be of flattened shape longitudinallv and may be heated from the outside. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-667317-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to attachments for the ends of bus bar ducts
IPC: H02G5/04
Filed: 1950-02-15
Abstract: 667,317. Conduits. BRITISH THOMSONHOUSTON CO., Ltd. (General Electric Co.). Feb. 15, 1950, No. 3894/50. Class 36. A closure for a bus-bar duct system comprises a plate 15 having a head 16 with flanges 17 at one edge for attachment to the top of the duct 6, a foot 21 at the opposite edge for clamping to flanges 10 of the duct, and an insulating plate 19 secured to the closure plate 15 for covering the ends of bus-bars 12 mounted in the duct. The flanges 17 may be provided with screws 18 for seating in grooves 7 in the side of the duct. Alternatively one or both of the flanges may be inturned so that they slide into grooves 7. The head 16 of plate 15 may be provided with a bolt or screw 26 by which the plate may be secured to a support.
Patent GB-929608-A (GB)
Title: A ball of yarn or cord
IPC: A47F13/04
Filed: 1962-02-01
Abstract: 929,608. Bobbins. M. MEISSNER. Feb. 1, 1962 [Feb. 11, 1961], No. 3908/62. Class 120 (3). The outer end 2 of a ball 1 of yarn or cord is secured by inserting the blunt point 3a of a curved needle 3.so that a head or plate 4 rests against the ball 1, and passing an endless rubber band 6 through a slotted opening 5a, looping one end 6a of the band over the needle neck 3b and stretching the band over the point 3a then projecting from the ball.
Patent GB-1062152-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to moulded boat hulls and their manufacture
Inventor: JAMES CLIFFORD GEORGE
IPC: B63B5/24
Filed: 1964-01-30
Abstract: 1,062,152. Moulded boats. FAIREY MARINE Ltd. Feb. 9, 1965 [Jan. 30, 1964], No. 4039/64. Heading B7A. A moulded boat hull comprises a shell formed of a plurality of separate and separatelymoulded part-shells each of which provides only a part of the underwater surface of the hull, at least some of the part-shells being joined together in edge-to-edge relationship to form the complete hull shell. In one embodiment two longitudinal half-shells are joined together along the keel line of the hull. In another, four part-shells, namely two bow part-shells and two stern part-shells are joined together. In a further embodiment three part-shells form the hull, namely a bow shell, a centre shell and a stern shell. In a modification of this last boat a canoe stem is provided by making the stern shell identical in shape with the bow shell.
Patent GB-1106973-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to character recognition systems
Inventor: WEAVER JOHN ANTHONY
IPC: G06V10/40
Filed: 1964-01-30
Abstract: 1,106,973. Automatic character reading. MULLARD Ltd. 23 April, 1965 [30 Jan., 1964], No. 4085/64. Heading G4R. In apparatus for recognizing characters certain predetermined features are detected as described in Specification 1,106,972, a coded list is formed of the features detected for each character arranged in the clockwise order of their positions, the list being circulated by repeatedly removing the first feature and replacing it at the other end of the list. A nominal centre for the character is established by taking the mean values of the X and Y excursions of the outline tracing point. The features are listed in the order in which a vector rotating 360 degrees about this centre, would pass through them. Originally the features are each identified by a coded combination. Fig. 2, and associated with the X and Y co-ordinates of their positions. From these positions the features are arranged in the clockwise order to obtain a sequence of 7-bit words, Fig. 3. The cycling of this list by repeatedly placing the leading feature last is equivalent to re-orientating the character step by step until it has been turned through 360 degrees. At each step it is compared with the first character lists in a dictionary store and the maximum score is recorded. The process is repeated with the second and subsequent dictionary characters. The highest score identifies the unknown character. If a list is not already stored and it is accompanied by an identification label it is entered as a new character in the directionary. Confusion will arise between letters such as H and I which are similar except for orientation. The original order of the list is used to distinguish between such pairs.
Patent GB-803558-A (GB)
Title: Process for purifying hydrocarbons, especially olefines
IPC: C07C7/173
Filed: 1956-02-09
Abstract: Hydrocarbons in gaseous or liquid state are purified by contacting them with a purifying agent comprising a complex aluminium compound of the general formula Me(AlR2XY) in which Me represents an alkali metal, R an alkyl radical, X an alkyl radical or a hydrogen atom, and Y an alkyl radical, N a hydrogen or fluorine atom, or a mixture of such complex compounds. Preferably the agent is a mixture of an alkali metal aluminium tetra-alkyl with an alkali metal aluminium trialkyl fluoride, or a mixture of an alkali metal aluminium tetra-alkyl with a finely-ground alkali metal fluoride.  The process is particularly applicable to the purification of ethylene and propylene which are to be used in the preparation of synthetic resins.  In examples: (1) propylene was purified by scrubbing at 120 DEG  C. with the complex salt Na[Al(CH2CH2R)4] and (3) commercial hexane was purified by boiling for 2 hours with the same salt. Specifications 713,081, 742,642, 763,824, 770,707 and 779,874 are referred to.
Patent GB-269140-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to film feeding devices for use in talking motion picture recording and reproducing apparatus
IPC: G03B31/02
Filed: 1927-02-14
Abstract: 269,140. De Forest Phonofilms, Ltd., (Assignees of Forest, L. de.). April 10, 1926, [Convention date]. Optical apparatus; film-feeding mechanism.- In kinematograph and sound recording or reproducing apparatus, the film is frictionally fed past the sound-recording light slit, and is fed past the picture aperture by step-by-step means utilizing the film perforations. The frictional feeding means may, as shown in Fig. 1, comprise a smooth drum 1 against which the film is pressed by rollers 8 carried by arms 2, 3, pivoted respectively at 5, 4, and connected by a spring 7. The arms are movable away from the drum 1 by threading and may be held in such position by a flat spring 9. In a modification, the film is held against the drum by an endless band travelling over rollers by a spring-urged arm. Figs. 4 and 6 show a construction of drum 31 carrying hooks 33, mounted on pivots 37, and having pins 36 which come into engagement with a cam 34 as the drum rotates. The hooks are normally pressed by springs 38 away from the film 10 on the drum, but are constrained by the cam to turn and press the film against the surface of the drum. The cam 34 is rotatable about the drum shaft by a handle 35 to facilitate threading. Specification 214,938 is referred to.
Patent GB-839320-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical frequency and phase comparison systems
Inventor: SANDEMAN EDWARD KENNETH
IPC: G01S13/58
Filed: 1955-02-11
Abstract: 839,320. Filter networks. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. Feb. 9, 1956 [Feb. 11, 1955], No. 4215/55. Class 40 (8). [Also in Groups XXXVI and XL (c)] The invention relates to a low-phase-shift filter-network especially for use in a frequencymultiplier consisting of a plurality of doublerstages each comprising a full-wave rectifier; amplifier; and filter. The filter consists of a feed-back impedance in the cathode circuit of an amplifying valve 40. The impedance consists of a series-resonant circuit S in series with a parallel-resonant circuit P, and another parallel arm having a parallelresonant circuit X. If f1 is the input frequency to the doubler stage, the circuits S and X are resonant at 2f1, and circuit X also forms a resonant system with P and S at frequencies f1 and 4f1 to suppress them. Design formulµ are given.
Patent GB-176621-A (GB)
Title: An improved portable ash-tray for smokers
IPC: A24F19/00
Filed: 1921-02-05
Abstract: 176,621. Miller, J. Feb. 5, 1921. Ash-trays; cigar and cigarette rests; cigar cutters.-Trestle legs 5, 6, pivoted together and to the box 1 and hinged lid 2, are formed with concave stirrups 8 which form rests for cigars and cigarettes when the box is opened as shown in Fig. 5. Knives 11 for cutting off the ends of cigars may be fixed to the legs 5, 6, or the cutting-blades 12, 13 may be fixed to the box and lid as shown in Fig. 4. The box serves as a receptacle for ash, and may be provided with a separate compartment 16, for matches, with a separate lid 17.
Patent GB-405463-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for carrying out gas reactions
IPC: B01J19/24
Filed: 1933-02-11
Abstract: In apparatus as described in Specification 405,462 the reaction tubes 24 are maintained under tension, e.g. by springs 54, and are secured against vibration by passing through asbestos sheets 59 clamped between iron plates 60.  The gas supply pipe 56 is rigidly supported by a frame attached to the furnace and is connected to the reaction tubes by flexible copper tubes 52 and detachable couplings 46.  The flow of gas to the reaction tubes is restricted by the provision of nozzles or perforated discs in the supply tubes at the points 57. <PICT:0405463/III/1>
Patent GB-642339-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the agglomeration of iron ores
IPC: C22B1/16
Filed: 1948-02-13
Abstract: A process for the production of a sinter or agglomerate comprises adding magnetite or h matite and ferrous oxide to iron ores or flue dust (containing a proportion of lime to silica within the ratio 0.8 to 1 and 1.4 to 1) in equimolecular proportions and in a finely divided state to produce, after briquetting and heating to temperatures between 1050 DEG C and 1150 DEG C, a strong, coherent and readily reducible sinter or agglomerate in which the iron oxides contain 24 to 28 per cent of oxygen.  Magnetite may be produced in the ore or flue dust by reduction with carbon which is added to a dampened ore in the form of an organic binder such as pitch or starch.  Lime or silica may be added to ensure that these materials are present in the required proportion.
Patent GB-667822-A (GB)
Title: Process of eliminating gypsium from brines
Inventor: EBNER KARL
IPC: C01D3/16
Filed: 1950-02-20
Abstract: <PICT:0667822/III/1> Gypsum is removed, down to a content of 0.1-0.2 grams/litre, from saturated or nearly saturated solutions of sodium chloride, by adding magnesium sulphate either in solid form, or as a concentrated solution, so as to give a content thereof of 40 grams/litre or more.  In the subsequent evaporation of the brine, care is taken that no kieserite MgSO4H2O separates. Such deposition may be avoided by evaporating below 110 DEG C. whereby a mixture of salt and the more highly hydrated magnesium sulphates separates.  The latter may be removed by treatment of the mixture with a countercurrent of fresh brine, the speed of flow being such that gypsum is not precipitated on the salt. Deposition of kieserite may otherwise be avoided by evaporation of the gypsum-freed brine in one or more vacuum evaporators, or firstly under vacuum, then in open pans, until the solution is nearly saturated with magnesium sulphate, cooling to 5 DEG C. to precipitate said sulphate, and continuing evaporation at above 110 DEG C. in pans.  As shown, brine from reservoir 1 is used for the treatment of a mixture of salt and magnesium sulphate in worm mixer 3, the salt being filtered at 4. Further magnesium sulphate is added at 37 to the brine from the worm mixer, and gypsum settles in tank 9.  The clear brine is pumped to vacuum evaporator 11, from which a mixture of crystallized salt passes to a settling tank 14.  The salt passes therefrom to worm 3, and the liquor partly to an evaporating pan 19 and partly to a heating device 17 to be heated by vapours from the pan prior to its return to the vacuum evaporator.  Salt from the pan passes via filter 21 to the worm, and the liquor to a vacuum cooler 25 in which the remaining magnesium sulphate is crystallized.  Part of the mother liquor is returned to the pan via line 32, and the rest is drawn off at 33.
Patent GB-878637-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for determining quotient values relating to dynamic unbalance
IPC: G01M1/02
Filed: 1958-02-11
Abstract: 878,637. Measuring rotor unbalance electrically. AVERY Ltd., W. & T. Feb. 11, 1958 [March 1, 1957], No. 4351/58. Class 40 (1). The expression for the unbalance masses of a rotor in preselected planes in terms of the unbalance forces at the bearings involves the distances between the balancing and bearing planes, and the invention relates to a potentiometric device for determining the required quotients of the distances. As shown (Fig. 2), the positions of the bearing planes L, R and the balancing planes 1, 2 are repeated by sliding contacts 2a, 2b, 3, 4, on a slide wire 101, the potential between the tapping points being indicated on voltmeters JL, JM, JR representing the distances e 1 , e and e 2 . Since the quotients e 1 /e and e 2 /e are required, the current being located in a separate unit, with means for through the slide wire 101 is adjusted so that voltmeter JM reads unity, when the readings on JL and JM are numerically equal to e 1 /e and e 2 /2 respectively. Additional instruments can   read e 1 /e +1 and e 2 /e +1 as required by the umbalance expressions. The wire 101 may be removed from the machine bed and replaced by a scale for determining the required spacing between the contacts 2a, 3, 4, 2b, the wire 101 being located in a separate unit with means for locating the slide-wire contacts in their measured positions. Each contact may have its own slide wire, the four slide wires being joined, in parallel, at each end, so that the sliders can pass each other, as is required when the apparatus is used for balancing flying rotors. The voltmeter JM can be made to read writing automatically by a servomotor fed with the difference between this voltage and units.
Patent GB-433531-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vibration dampers for vehicles
IPC: B62D1/08
Filed: 1934-02-09
Abstract: 433,531. Hand wheels. GILMORE, J. A., The University, P.O. Box 594, Cape Town, South Africa. Feb. 9, 1934, No. 4401. [Class 80 (iv)] [See also Group XXXII] A damping device for vibrations occurring in a part of a vehicle comprises an elongated, liquid-tight casing adapted to be secured to the part, a resilient rod arranged inside the casing and secured at one end to one end of the casing, and a mass adjustably secured on the other end of the rod, the rod and mass forming a vibratory system of which the natural frequency is approximately equal to that of the vehicle part or of the disturbing force when the force is a periodic alternating force. As shown, a mass 5 is adjustably secured to a resilient rod 1 mounted inside a hollow spoke of a steering-wheel, the rod being carried by a member 13 screwed into the outer end of the spoke and shaped to receive the steering-wheel rim 15. In a modification the mass and rod are fixed inside a casing adapted to be clamped to a steering- wheel spoke, &c. The hollow spoke or the casing may be filled for example with oil further to damp the vibrations. A plurality of spokes may be fitted with dampers. British Specification 262,517, [Class 79 (v)], and U.S.A. Specifications 1,855,570, 1,867,708, 1,867,752, and 1,867,753 are referred to.
Patent GB-1120991-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to wood screws
Inventor: ALLSOP ROBERT TREVOR
IPC: F16B25/00
Filed: 1965-02-02
Abstract: 1,120,991. Woodscrews. G. K. N. SCREWS & FASTENERS Ltd. 2 March, 1966 [2 Feb., 1965], No. 4402/65. Heading F2H. A wood screw has a thread 14 provided with grooves 13a which extend helically for substantially the full length of the threaded portion, and intersect the thread in such a manner as to transform it into a plurality of protuberances which lie in a staggered relationship in the axial direction of the shank.
Patent GB-271543-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the grounding or padding of textile materials
IPC: D06P1/62
Filed: 1926-02-16
Abstract: 271,543. Imray, O. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). Feb. 16, 1926. Sulphonic acids for addition to grounding or padding liquors are prepared by condensation of mono- or poly-benzylnaphthalene with a sulphonating-agent; of naphthalene sulphonic acid with an alcohol, for example, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol and also mixtures thereof or with alkyl or aralkyl halides; of naphthalene sulphonic acids with benzyl chloride, tetrahydronaphthalene dichloride, or chlorinated paraffin oil; of tetrahydronaphtralene sulphonic acid with cyclohexanol; of naphthalene, benzyl chloride and butyl alcohol with a sulphonating-agent; of anthracene and benzyl chloride with sulphuric acid.
Patent GB-682610-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to inductive interference suppressors
IPC: B60M1/06
Filed: 1950-02-22
Abstract: 682,610. Control of D.C. motors. WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL CO. Feb. 22, 1950 [April 19, 1949; Sept. 2, 1949; Oct. 8, 1949] No. 4525/50. Class 38 (iii) [Also in Groups XXXV and XXXIX] In order to reduce telephone interference the high frequency harmonics in the A.C. supply line 1 to the rectifiers 21, 22 of a traction unit with a D.C. motor 25 are reduced by making the inductance of the input transformer 10 and supply circuit 1 sufficient to give current overlap at commutation of at least 20 electrical degrees, and by connecting a capacitor C and resistor R across the secondary winding of the transformer. The transformer may be built. with considerable leakage reactance or an inductance 15 may be connected in series with the primary. The removal of these harmonics from the alternating current results in considerable ripple in the direct current. This ripple, the magnitude of which is controlled by the inductance of motor 25 and inductor 30 (which may be short-circuited by switch 32) may amount to 20 per cent or even more. In any case where it is greater than desirable, the second harmonic may be shunted round the motor by a series-tuned capacitor 35 and inductor 36. The firing of the rectifiers should not in general be delayed beyond an amount which produces 10 per cent reduction in voltage, i.e. by about 25 degrees although up to 15 per cent reduction may be sometimes allowable. The motor speed is controlled by changing taps 17 on the transformer secondary winding. The suppression of harmonics by the filter R.C. is discussed with reference to a simple bridge rectifier circuit Fig. 5 (not shown), for different values of R and C where these have such values that they form with the transformer a parallel resonant circuit with the frequency of the order of a low harmonic. Curves Fig. 6, (not shown) indicate that although the lower harmonics may be increased, the higher harmonics are suppressed. The telephone interference factor which takes into account the seriousness of noise level and degree of coupling at each frequency may be as low as 7 when the value for the fundamental is one. Condenser C discharges (optionally with oscillation) through the damping resistance R each commutation period. The rectifiers will normally be ignitions or other discharge devices.
Patent GB-1116283-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ceramic materials
IPC: C04B35/48
Filed: 1966-02-02
Abstract: <FORM:1116283/C1/1> A piezo-electric ceramic comprises a solid solution of Pb(MgNb 2/3 )O3 with PbTiO3 or PbZrO3 or both of composition within the area ABCDEF of Fig. 2, and containing as a substituent for an equivalent amount of Pb therein, 1 to 20 atom per cent of at least one of the metals Sr, Ba and Ca.  The preferred composition is the ternary system substituted with 3 to 10% of Sr. Hf may be present in the Zr, and Ta in the Nb as impurities.
Patent GB-816256-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of reducing unsaturated compounds
IPC: C07C401/00
Filed: 1957-02-11
Abstract: A compound having the general formula <FORM:0816256/IV (b)/1> wherein R1 designates an hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or aromatic acyl radical and R designates a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical is obtained by reducing an unsaturated compound of the general formula <FORM:0816256/IV (b)/2> wherein R and R1 are as defined above, with an alkali-metal or alkaline earth metal in liquid ammonia, decomposing the reaction product by means of a substance which under the reaction conditions replaces a metal atom by an hydrogen atom to obtain the desired compound which is separated from the reaction mixture. Esters which may be employed as starting compounds are those of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid or o-nitro-benzoic acid.  Suitable solvents are mono-ethers such as dimethyl, diethyl, methylethyl, or methylbutyl ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example n-hexane or n-heptane, or mixtures such as mixtures of cyclohexane with diethyl ether, of cyclohexane with dimethylether, and of benzene or toluene with dimethyl or diethylether.  As alkali and alkaline earth metals there may be used lithium, sodium, potassium or calcium.  The reaction between the metal and the compound to be reduced in liquid ammonia is best performed in a homogeneous system.  Prior to decomposition of the metal compound, excess metal may be oxidized by means of sodium, calcium or ammonium nitrates, bromates or iodates. Decomposition may be effected with the ammonium salts of strong acids such as ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, or water or aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or tertiary amyl alcohol. Purification of the reduction mixture is carried out by chromatographic methods, or by esterification and crystallization. Examples describe in detail the production of dihydrotachysterol-2, dihydrotachysterol-3 and their esters from ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol and their esters.