Patent GB-823021-A (GB)
Title: Temperature-staged catalyst pretreatment and polymerization process employing same
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1958-04-28
Abstract: A polymerization catalyst is made continuously by mixing an aluminium trialkyl (preferably Al(C2H5)3, or such compounds containing 2-4 C atoms per alkyl group (e.g. Al (isoC4H9)3 with a titanium tetrahalide (e.g. TiBr4, but especially TiCl4) to give a mixture of Al/Ti ratio 0.1-0.8:1 (preferably 0.3-0.8:1 and the metal compound concentration 0.75-1.5%) at 0-35 DEG  (preferably 15-30 DEG ) C. for 0.1-60 (preferably 15-60) minutes average residence in the first pretreatment (low temperature) zone.  The mixture is continuously passed to at least one subsequent (high temperature) pretreatment zone at 55-150 DEG  (preferably 60-135 DEG ) C. for an average residence time of 5-120 (preferably 30-90) minutes until all Ti is reduced to an average valency of 2.1-3.  The catalyst components are mixed in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, preferably a C5-7 paraffin (such as iso-pentane or n-heptane) or xylene, but also e.g. a C5-12 hydrocarbon such as n-dodecane, highly refined (acid treated) kerosene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, benzene and toluene. Less potent reducing agents such as Al(C8H17)3 or (C2H5)2AlCl may be added in the high-temperature stages. Subsequently to the high-temperature zone(s), the catalyst is used in a continuous process for polymerizing a C3-4 a -olefin, in which process a further quantity of Al trialkyl (preferably Al(C2H5)3) is added.ALSO:A C3-4 a -olefin, e.g. propylene or butene-1, is polymerized continuously by continuously passing (a) a catalyst mixture (see below); (b) additional Al trialkyl (preferably triallyl); (c) inert hydrocarbon solvent; and (d) the olefin, e.g. 95% propylene, 5% propane mixture, into a polymerization zone, the addition of (a), (b) and (c) being such that an Al:Ti ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 and a catalyst concentration of 0.1-0.5% is maintained therein; the temperature in said polymerization zone is 40-75 DEG  C. and the pressure is such as to maintain 2-20% of monomer dissolved in the reaction mixture.  The polymerized reaction mixture is continuously recovered from the polymerization zone (the required residence time therein being e.g. 20-180 minutes) whereupon the polymer is recovered by the use of a C1-8 alkanol, e.g. methanol, n-butanol or iso-octyl alcohol, methanolic HCl and (possibly) a chelating agent such as acetyl acetone in alcoholic solution.  The catalyst is made continuously by mixing an Al trialkyl (preferably ethyl, also C2-4 alkyl, e.g. iso-butyl) with a Ti tetrahalide (e.g. TiBr4, but especially TiCl4) to give a mixture wherein Al:Ti is 0.1-0.8:1 (preferably 0.3-0.8:1 and the metal compound concentration 0.75-1.5%) at 0-35 (preferably 15-30) DEG  C. for 0.1-60 (preferably 15-60) minutes average residence in the first pretreatment (low temperature) zone.  The mixture is continuously passed to at least one subsequent (high temperature) pretreatment zone at 55-150 (preferably 60-135) DEG  C. for an average residence time of 5-120 (preferably 30-90) minutes until all Ti is reduced to an average valency of 2.1-3.  The catalyst components are mixed in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, preferably a C5-7 paraffin such as isopentane or n-heptane, or xylene, but also, e.g. a C5-12 hydrocarbon such as n-dodecane, highly refined (acid treated) kerosene, cyclohexane, methylclohexane, decalin, benzene and toluene.  (Said solvents may also be used as additive (b), above).)  Less-potent reducing agents such as Al(C8H17)3 or (C2H5)2 AlCl are optionally added in the high-temperature stages.