baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-913009-A (GB)
Title: Method of and means for facilitating opening of disposable containers
IPC: B65D83/00
Filed: 1959-08-12
Abstract: 913,009. Stoppers; opening portable containers. WADDINGTON Ltd., JOHN, and BANKS, J. M. Sept. 12. 1960 [Aug. 12,1959], No. 27509/59. Classes 66 and 125(3). A container or lid therefor is formed from synthetic resin film or sheet and provided with a depression 2 having a projection 3 such that when pressure is applied to the projection the depressed part tears to provide an opening for the insertion of a drinking straw or a pourer.
Patent GB-1476374-A (GB)
Title: Oxygen ion transport type thermistors
IPC: H01C7/04
Filed: 1974-06-21
Abstract: 1476374 Thermistors NIPPON TOKUSHU TOGYO KK 21 June 1974 [21 June 1973] 27631/74 Heading H1K In an oxygen ion transport type thermistor comprising a solid solution consisting of 50- 95 mol. per cent of an oxide of a tetravalent metal of Group IVB, the lanthanide series or the actinide series and 50-5 mol. per cent of oxide(s) of divalent alkaline earth metals and/or trivalent metals of Group IIIB including the lanthanide rare earth metals and having two metal lead wires embedded therein, the solid solution has a porosity of 7-55%. The porosity, which is preferably 15-35% e.g. 25%, is sufficient to permit an adequate supply of oxygen to the body but not so large as to adversely affect the mechanical strength of the body and the adhesion of the embedded electrodes. The tetravalent metal oxide may be ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , HfO 2  or ThO 2 . The divalent metal oxide may be CaO, MgO or SrO, and the trivalent metal oxide may be La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3  or Nd 2 O 3 . The electrodes may be platinum or platinum-rhodium alloy wires. In an example a mixture of powdery ZrO 2  and CaCO 3  has added to it 4% by wt. of an emulsion of equal weight amounts of stearic acid and water and is pulverized for 20 hours. A mould containing the spaced platinum electrode wires is filled with the resulting mixture, the moulded mixture then being pressed at 2,000 Kg/cm.<SP>2</SP> and fired at 1,400-1,800‹ C. in air to produce the thermistors. In another example a spinel of MgO and Al 2 O 3  is added to the mixture as a resistance controlling agent. Numerous examples with the results of tests thereon are given.
Patent GB-1084630-A (GB)
Title: Velocity control for a numerical control system
Inventor: KELLING LEROY ULYSSES CARLTON
IPC: H03K5/26
Filed: 1966-06-21
Abstract: 1, 084, 630. Programmed control of machine tools. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. June 21, 1966 [June 21, 1965], No.27648/66. Heading G3N. A numerical control system, wherein a velocity command 10, a function generator 11 and distance counters 12, 13 are controlled in a known manner from a source 14 responsive to a programme tape, has facilities provided for selecting by a switch 15 a signal MV whereby it is run at a maximum velocity. Considering the Y system only, motion pulses from the distance counter 12 are fed to a count-up gate of a Y-axis limit counter 16 and are registered on the occurrence of trigger pulses C2 during the first half cycle of each motion pulse. The maximum velocity pulse rate, derived from a source 18, is applied through an AND-gate 20 to the countdown gate of the counter 16. The AND-gate 20 is controlled by a gate 24 which closes it when a count of 8 is reached. The X-axis system is similar to the Y-axis system and has a limit counter 17. When both counters 16, 17 are in their 8 or 9 count condition, a gate 23 is opened to feed pulses from an enabling source, of higher frequency than source 18, as the maximum velocity signal MV to the function generator 11. The output of function generator 11 is in the form of bursts of pulses having an average pulse rate equal to that of source 18.
Patent GB-870775-A (GB)
Title: Polyaldehydes and their production
IPC: C08G2/12
Filed: 1959-08-13
Abstract: Crystalline polymers of aldehydes having 2 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule are obtained by maintaining the aldehyde at -30 DEG C. to -110 DEG C. in the presence of a catalyst which is an elemental alkali metal, an alkali metal alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, hydride, aluminium hydride or alcoholate.  The polymerization may be in bulk or in an inert solvent.  The aldehyde may be alkanoic, cycloalkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkenoic or aromatic, and may be substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups, or may be heterocyclic; oxygen being the hetero-atom and the ring having 5 or 6 members. In examples crystalline polymers are prepared from acetaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and heptanal; the catalysts are butyllithium, lithium sec.-butoxide, lithium isopropoxide, lithium tert.-butoxide, potassium cyclohexoxide, sodium benzylate, lithium n-butoxide, potassium tert.-butoxide, sodium sec.butoxide, lithium ethoxide and potassium sec.butoxide; the solvents, when used, are n-pentane, liquid propylene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and toluene.  Lists of suitable aldehydes, catalysts and solvents, are given.
Patent GB-294223-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to distant liquid level indicators
IPC: G01F23/14
Filed: 1927-10-18
Abstract: 294,223. Seignol, E. July 22, 1927, [Convention date]. Indicators actuated by pressure of head of liquid.-In a liquidlevel indicator for motor fuel tanks on vehicles, in which air is forced through an open-ended pipe dipping into the liquid and its pressure measured, the air is supplied by a small pump driven from the speedometer or distance indicator, which may also actuate a wind screen wiper. The speedometer casing 1 carries the barrel 2 of the air pump, which is provided with delivery apertures 4 closed by a rubber tube 5, and with a nipple 7 which is connected to the pressure gauge. The piston 10 is actuated by an eccentric 12 on a shaft 13 of one of the counting wheels or discs 14 of the speedometer, which is driven at a slow speed. The level indicator and speedometer are arranged side by side on the dashboard. A diaphragm pump may alternatively be used, and a wind screen wiper may be actuated by a flexible shaft 13<1>.
Patent GB-935872-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to water tube boilers
Inventor: CULVER LEONARD JAMES
IPC: F22B37/20
Filed: 1961-07-31
Abstract: 935,872. Supporting steam superheaters. FOSTER WHEELER Ltd. July 31, 1962 [July 31, 1961], No. 27707/61. Class 123 (3). In a water-tube steam boiler selected tubes 18 in a bank of steam generating tubes are used to support a bank of superheater tubes 16. Supporting elements 22 for the superheater tubes 16 have forked ends which embrace the tubes 18 without encircling them, the forked ends of certain of the elements being supported between and by opposed faces of pairs of collars 26 spaced at intervals along the tubes 18. Alternatively, the forked ends may be supported between opposed faces of slots in single collars (Fig. 5, not shown). Elements 22 which do not engage with the collars 26 have shallow grooves in their upper surfaces for the tubes 16, thus preventing rotation of the elements 22. Rotation of the elements 22 which do engage with the collars is prevented by the provision of stops 32 between the pairs of collars or by the ends of the slots in the single collars.
Patent GB-349874-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to automatic control equipments for mercury arc rectifiers
IPC: H02H7/12
Filed: 1930-09-17
Abstract: 349,874. Converting ; arc apparatus. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London.-(Assignees of Mathews, P. ; Windy Ridge, Putnoe, Bedfordshire.) Sept. 17, 1930, No. 27790. Convention date, Sept. 17, 1929. [Class 38 (ii).] Automatic control apparatus for mercury arc rectifier equipment comprises arc establishing means and means whereby the equipment is shut down and the control device for the arc establishing means is rendered unresponsive if the arc is not established within a predetermined time after the control switch is closed. As shown in Fig. 1, a mercury-arc rectifier 1 is fitted with an auxiliary anode 13 which is moved into the mercury by a solenoid 15 energized from a motor generator 17. When the anode 13 makes contact with the mercury coil 18 is energized and solenoid 15 is de-energized and the anode retracted by a spring 14 to make the arc. A switch 20, which may be hand-operated, closes the circuit of a master relay 21 to close auxiliary contacts 42 and start the motor 24 to supply current to solenoid 15. Simultaneously coil 30 is energized to lift the stop 28 of a motor-operated timing device 25, which rotates to close contacts 48 and energize relay 32. If the arc has been made contacts 44 are closed and relay 33 energized to close coil 52 and close the a.c. mains switch 4 and auxiliary contacts 52 to close the d.c. switch 5. The timing device 25, as shown, is provided with contacts to allow two sequences of operation before contacts 61 are closed to energize lock-out relay 34 if switch 4 be not closed. If the arc has been made and switch 4 after being closed opens while master relay 21 is energized the timing device effects reclosure of switch 4 until the number of sequences allowed is exhausted. Overload relays 36, 37 are short-circuited during starting by relay 40 which removes the short-circuit a predetermined time after switch 4 is closed. Relay 59 trips switch 4 on low voltage. Fig. 2 shows a modification in which d.c. switch 5 must be closed if lock-out relay 34 is not to operate.
Patent GB-332809-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to baskets and like receptacles for shopping
IPC: A45C5/04
Filed: 1929-09-13
Abstract: 332,809. Watt, F. E. O. Sept. 13, 1929. Hand trucks. - Baskets &c. for shopping are provided with a pair of runner wheels 17, Fig. 1, disposed at the rear, below the handle 13, and with a. strut 18 arranged underneath the front portion. Fig. 3 shows a collapsable construction in which the sides 19, 21, carrying the wheels are adapted to fold within the recessed back portion 20, the front 22 and bottom 23 folding backwardly to lie outside it. The sides carry perforated lugs 28, 29, adapted to be engaged by pins 32, 31, on the bottom and front to maintain the article in the set-up condition. The handle 33 is provided at the upper edge of the back and the strut 30 is attached to the front portion.
Patent GB-1462724-A (GB)
Title: Production of maleic anhydride
IPC: C07C51/25
Filed: 1974-06-24
Abstract: 1462724 Maleic anhydride; catalytic oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons MONSANTO CO 24 June 1974 [25 June 1973] 27938/74 Addition to 1460971 Heading C2C [Also in Division B1] Maleic anhydride is produced by the gas phase oxidation of a saturated hydrocarbon having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, at least four of which are in a straight chain or ring, with oxygen at 350-600‹ C. in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising, in combined form, phosphorus, vanadium, oxygen and (A) at least one of Ti, Zr and Hf and (B) at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs, wherein the P/V atomic ratio is from 1 : 2 to 2 :1, the A/V atomic ratio is at least 0À01 : 1, the B/V atomic ratio is at least 0À01 : 1 and greater than 50 atom per cent of the vanadium is in the tetravalent state. If the feed hydrocarbon contains more than 4 carbon atoms some citraconic anhydride may also be produced. The examples describe the use of n-butane as feed.
Patent GB-230138-A (GB)
Title: A carpenter's bench stop
IPC: B25H1/14
Filed: 1923-11-07
Abstract: 230,138. Southern, A. T., and Mechelen, E. van. Nov. 7, 1923. Bench stops.-A bench stop comprises a plate 3 hinged to a base-piece 1 let into the bench top and adapted to be moved from an elevated position into its inoperative position, in which it lies flush with the surface of the base-piece 1 in a recess 2 therein, by a screw 13 passing through the plate into a screw-threaded socket 10 pivoted to the bottom of the base-piece. A spring 15 surrounding the screw 13 tends to raise the plate.
Patent GB-838044-A (GB)
Title: A machine for fastening the ends of flexible containers
Inventor: TIPPER MAYNARD J G
IPC: A22C11/12
Filed: 1958-09-01
Abstract: 838,044. Closing bags and the like. TIPPERTIE Inc. Sept. 1, 1958, No. 28059/58. Class 94(1). [Also in Group VI] A machine for fastening the gathered ends of a container, e.g. the casing of a sausage, with a two-pronged staple fastener, comprises a fastener clenching driver 6 adapted to feed a staple 9<SP>1</SP> from a staple stick, Fig. 1a (not shown), towards a concave-curved and grooved clenching die 29, there being provided intermediate the clenching die 29 and the retracted position of the driver 6 a pivoted support 13 for supporting the gathered end 20 of the container within an opening 3 in a vertical flat machine frame member 1 whilst the fastener 9<SP>1</SP> falls over said gathered end and whilst the legs of the fastener are butted together, the support 13 thereafter being downwardly swingably displaced by engagement therewith of a pin 10 on the driver 6 to allow the gathered end 20 to drop on the die 29, as in Fig. 2, whilst the clenching operation on the fastener is completed. A locking mechanism 19 is provided which locks the support 13 in its downward position enabling the fastened container to be withdrawn, the locking mechanism being subsequently released to allow the support to return under influence of a spring 16 to its upper position by the engagement of the pin 10 with a trigger 11 during the upward stroke of the driver 6.
Patent GB-776878-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to colour television systems
IPC: H04N9/07
Filed: 1954-09-29
Abstract: 776,878. Television. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Sept. 29, 1954 [Oct. 2, 1953], No. 28092/54. Class 40 (3). In a line sequential colour television system employing three primary colours only two colours are employed during each frame, one of the colours appearing in all frames and the other two colours appearing in alternate frames. Fig. 1 shows a transmitter embodying the invention in which signals representative of the green primary colour are utilized in all frames, these signals being generated by a pick-up tube 2 and an associated colour filter whilst the other two colour signals (Red and Blue) are generated by means of a pick-up tube 4 and an associated rotating (Red and Blue) colour filter 7. The outputs from tubes 2 and 4 are then fed to a circuit 11 which, under the control of line synchronizing signals from 13, alternately supplies the two sets of colour signals to a transmitter 12 to which are also supplied the usual line and frame synchronizing signals from generators 13 and 14, and additional synchronizing signals from generators 15 and 16, the former serving to reverse the colour order periodically (to reduce " colour-crawl ") and the latter serving to effect synchronous operation between the rotating colour filter 7 and a trigger circuit (equivalent to circuit 11) at a co-operating receiver. Fig. 2 shows one embodiment of a suitable receiver in which the picture signals derived from 17 are supplied to a trigger circuit 19 controlled by means of received line synchronizing signals to supply the green signals to gun 21 of a three-gun colour tube 18 and the red and blue signals to a gate circuit 24<SP>1</SP>, the circuit 19 being also controlled in phase by a device 20 to which the signals from generator 16 (Fig. 1) are supplied. The gate circuit 24<SP>1</SP> is then controlled by means of frame synchronizing signals and a trigger circuit 24 (controlled in phase by a device 25 to which the signals from generator 16, Fig. 1, are supplied) to supply the red and blue signals alternately to guns 22 and 23 of tube 18. In a second embodiment of a receiver suitable for co-operating with the transmitter of Fig. 1 a single gun colour picture reproducing tube provided with a colour switching grid is employed (Fig. 3, not shown). Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a receiver in which a trigger circuit 19 (similar to 19, Fig. 2) supplies the green signals to a " green " picture reproducing tube 30 and the red and blue signals alternately to a picture tube 31 in front of which a red and blue colour filter 32 is rotated and maintained in synchronism with the rotation of filter 7 (Fig. 1) by means of a synchronous motor 33 controlled by the signals from generator 16 (Fig. 1). The images produced by the two tubes are then combined by optical means to form a composite image.
Patent GB-956140-A (GB)
Title: Junction transistors
Inventor: LOWE RONALD CHARLES
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1959-08-18
Abstract: 956,140. Junction transistors. JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd. Aug. 11, 1960 [Aug. 18, 1959], No. 28150/59. Heading H1K. An NPN transistor is made by diffusing aluminium into one face of a slice of N type silicon to form a P type base layer with an overlying glass film, removing the glass, diffusing a donor impurity into both faces to form an N emitter and an N+ contact layer on opposite surfaces coated with glass, masking the N+ layer and part of the emitter, etching the exposed surface to remove part of the emitter layer, unmasking and diffusing a Group III element into the slice. In the example the slice, which is doped with phosphorus, is first lapped to a uniform thickness and lightly etched. Aluminium is then vacuum deposited on one face and diffused in to form a P type layer. A phosphorus compound is deposited on both surfaces and diffused in to form a N type layer over the P layer and an N+ layer on the opposite surface, both layers being overlain by glassy layers impervious to boron. An acid resistance mask is applied by a photographic process to leave only the centre of the surface comprising the N layer exposed, and the glassy and N layers removed from the exposed surface by etching. After removal of the mask the wafer with its boron impervious layers is heated in an atmosphere of boron to form a low resistivity layer -on the exposed P type surface. During this process phosphorus from the glassy layers diffuses into the wafer to extend the N layers to a greater depth. The glassy layers are next removed in hydrofluoric acid and the surfaces plated first with nickel and then with gold. An acid resistant mask 16, Fig. 4, is applied to expose only the inner edge of the N layer 11 which is then delineated by etching to the full depth of the layer using aqua regia to remove the metal layers and an acid etch to remove the silicon. Finally, after removal of the wafer edges by etching through another mask electrodes are soldered to the plated surface 15 of the base, collector and emitter zones 8, 9, 11. As an alternative in the above method aluminium is first diffused into both faces of the wafer and the resulting P layer removed from one face.
Patent GB-642711-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of milled toilet soap
IPC: C11D13/18
Filed: 1946-09-19
Abstract: <PICT:0642711/III/1> A soap bar made by extrusion (see Group V) has a continuous soluble design 18 of indented cross-section extending through it. The part of the bar constituting the design may be of soap or of some other material which dissolves at the same rate as soap.  The soap may have a helical grain as described in Specifications 642,712 and 642,759.
Patent GB-458203-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in variable resistor
IPC: H01C10/20
Filed: 1935-10-11
Abstract: 458,203. Variable resistances. RICHTER, H. G., 638, Glen Avenue, Westfield, New Jersey, U.S.A. Oct. 11, 1935, No. 28171. [Class 37] A cylindrical ring 12 of insulating material is coated on its outer periphery 14 with resistance material and screwed to the base 28 of an open-ended cylindrical casing 24. An operating shaft 40 passes through a bush 30 secured in an aperture in the base 28 and carries at its end an insulating washer 46, a movable contact arm 50, a further insulating washer 52 and a stop arm 54. The contact arm 50 extends radially and over-hangs the resistance surface and is secured to a resilient arcuate member 62 at the end of which is mounted a contact shoe 70 which bears on the resistance surface. The contact shoe 70 is mounted so as to be self aligning and adjusting. A lug 84 outside the casing passes through an aperture and under the ring 12 and forms an annular resilient ring 88 bearing on the radial arm at 50 and making electrical contact. Contact is made with each end of the resistance band by strips 82 of conducting paint extending from the resistance surface to the under surface of the ring which bear upon the inside ends 80 of conducting lugs 76, 78 arranged between the ring 12 and the base 28. Further tappings may be taken by similar arrangements of paint strips with connecting lugs. The open end of the casing is closed by a metal lid 100 centred by a lug 104 and provided with a struck out projection which co-operates with a bent part 112 of the stop member 54 to act as a stop at the end of the rotary movement. The lid 100 is secured to the base by a bolt 106. Alternatively, the casing may be closed by a switch device 120, Fig. 10, having a cover 122 similar to the cover 100 but having an aperture through which ears 128 project, the ears being secured to the operating rocker of the switch and being engaged by the stop member 52 of the resistance so as to operate the switch at one end of the rotary travel of the shaft 40. In a further arrangement the casing 24 is closed by a further resistance unit like the one shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 7, but the shaft 40 of this unit is cut off short and is provided with a disc having projecting ears between which the stop member 52 is located. The main control then operates both resistance units. A further unit may be mounted on the second unit or the unit may be closed by a switch unit or by a cover 100 like that closing the unit shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 7. The shaft 40 may be positioned by a spring ring 58 co-operating with the bush 30 or the inner end of the shaft 40 may bear against a ball bearing located in an aperture or indentation in the end cover 100. Specification 210,670, [Class 37], is referred to.
Patent GB-923835-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of ªÍ,ª -unsaturated carbonyl compounds
IPC: C07C49/20
Filed: 1960-08-15
Abstract: Carbonyl radical containing compounds of general formula <FORM:0923835/IV(a)/1> in which R1 represents hydrogen, or an aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical, R2 represents hydrogen or an alkoxy, acyloxy, aralkoxy group or an amino group or amino group substituted by an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl group or an aliphatic aromatic, araliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical, or R1 and R2 together form an alicyclic ring with the adjacent carbon atom, R3 represents hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or an alicyclic hydrocarbon radical, and R4 represents hydrogen, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group an aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting a carbonyl compound of general formula <FORM:0923835/IV(a)/2> with an alkyne compound of general formula R3C ­ CR4 in an inert solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid.  Examples describe the preparation of methyl crotonate, ethyl cinnamate, sorbate, crotonate and acrylate, ethyl b ,b -dimethyl acrylate, ethyl a ,b -dimethyl- and b -methyl acrylate, ethyl a ,b -dimethyl- and b -methyl thiocrotonate, ethyl b -ethoxycrotonoate and acrylate, ethyl b -N-dimethylamino acrylate, ethyl b -methyl-a -ethyl crotonate, ethyl b -ionylidene acetate, ethyl ester of Vitamin A acid, ethyl b -ethyl-, b ,b -diethyl, b -propyl-, and b -vinyl-acrylate, ethyl p-methoxy-, p-nitro-, b -methyl cinnamate, 3-ethylene glycol ketal of D 4,17-3,11-diketo-pregnadiene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester, ethyl b -naphthyl-(1)- and b -(a -thienyl) acrylate, methyl a -pentyl-b -methyl and a -propyl-b -methyl crotonate, ethyl a -isopropyl-b -methyl and a -pentyl-b -methyl crotonates, isobutyl a , b -dimethyl crotonate, ethyl b -methyl crotonate, ethyl b -methyl-a ,b -pentenate, ethyl cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, cycloheptylidene, b -ionylidene acetates, and benzalacetophenone. Solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxone, petroleum ether, chloroform, aromatic hydrocarbons or carbon disulphide are used and metal halides such as aluminium, ferric, stannic, and zinc chlorides, boron fluoride, boric acid esters, aluminium sulphate and preferably boron trifluoride etherate are used as catalysts and the temperature is preferably kept below 0 DEG C. to avoid polymerization.