Patent GB-1003327-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to unsaturated polyester resin compositions
Inventor: WATANABE TAKESHI
IPC: C08F283/00
Filed: 1962-08-30
Abstract: A foamable unsaturated polyester resin composition is prepared by adding to a non-water containing polymerizable mixture of an unsaturated polyester resin and a cross-linking agent a salt of either an organic half ester of sulphuric acid or of an acid organic ester of phosphoric acid or of an organic sulphonic acid in amount 0.1 to 50 wt. per cent of the polymerizable mixture. The salts of organic half esters of sulphuric acid may contain inorganic cations, e.g. Na, K, Ca, Al, NH4 or Mg or organic cations, e.g. mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamines of sulphuric esters of (1) monohydric aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or (2) monohydric aralkyl alcohols containing from 7-40 carbon atoms or (3) alcohols consisting of adducts of alkylene oxides with phenols.  Salts of organic esters of phosphoric acid may contain inorganic cations, e.g. K, Na, Ca or organic cations, e.g. triethanolamine and are produced by reaction of phosphoric acid with alcohols, e.g. (1) aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing from 1-30 carbon atoms, (2) dihydric alcohols containing 2-30 carbon atoms, and (3) aralkyl alcohols containing 7-40 carbon atoms.  Specified: triethanolamine - 2 - ethylhexyl phosphoric acid monoester. Salts of organic sulphonic acids may be inorganic, e.g. Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, or organic basic salts, e.g. triethanolamine salts of (1) aliphatic sulphonic acids containing from 1-30 carbon atoms, (2) aryl alkyl sulphonic acids containing 7-40 carbon atoms, (3) aliphatic sulphonic acids substituted by aryl alkyl groups containing 7-40 carbon atoms, e.g. sodium lauryl benzene sulphonate or sodium lauryl sulphonate. The unsaturated polyester resin may be obtained by esterification of a -b unsaturated dibasic acids and/or saturated dibasic acids and/or saturated and/or unsaturated monobasic acids with alcohols.  Many suitable acids and alcohols are listed.  Cross-linking agents may be: vinyl, allyl, acrylic and vinylidene compounds, many are specified. Polymerization inhibitors may be present, e.g. polyhydric phenols, quinones, aromatic nitro compound, aromatic amines and quaternary ammonium salts.  Modifying agents may be: paraffin, Japan wax and fillers, e.g. CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaSO4, BaSO4, SiO2, silica gel, Sb2O3, glass powders, mica, clay, iron and aluminium, iron sand, wood flour, starch and cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl compounds, polyethylene.  The above inorganic fillers may be incorporated in amount 0.1 to 20% and may be of particle size, less than 1 micron. Reinforcing agents, e.g. asbestos, glass fibre, regenerated fibres may be added. Catalysts, accelerators and foaming agents may be added and include azides, carbonates, nitroso compounds, peroxides, amines, alkanolamines, naphthenates, mercaptans, many such compounds are listed.  In Example (1) maleic anhydride was reacted with propylene glycol and diethylene glycol.  Styrene, hydroquinone and paraffin were added followed by the triethanolamine salt of 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid monoester and the mixture foamed by agitation at room temperature.  In Example (8) an alkyd was prepared from HET acid, maleic anhydride and propylene glycol.  A mixture of styrene, tertiary butyl catechol and copper naphthenate was added followed by the triethanolamine salt of 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid diester and the mixture foamed by adding NH4HCO3 and ditertbutyl peroxide and heating.