Patent GB-983602-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the crystallization of sodium sesquicarbonate
IPC: C01D7/12
Filed: 1962-01-31
Abstract: <PICT:0983602/C1/1> Soda ash is produced from natural trona (impure sodium sesquicarbonate Na2CO3 NaHCO3.2H2O) by dissolution of the trona in heated water, removal of any insoluble matter, addition of mother liquor containing sufficient sodium carbonate to bring the composition of the solution into the range where sodium sesquicarbonate will be precipitated therefrom, evaporation of water from the solution to produce a slurry of sodium sesquicarbonate in a mother liquor, recovery of the sesquicarbonate crystals from the mother liquor which is recycled to the insoluble-free trona solution, and calcination of the sesquicarbonate crystals. In a dissolver 1 crude trona gives a saturated aqueous solution at 80-110 DEG  C. containing 13 to 18 lbs. Na2CO3 and 10 to 14 lbs. NaHCO3 per 100 lb. solution.  If pressure be employed, solutions saturated at up to 150 DEG  C. may be obtained.  In 2 the solution is clarified, an adsorbent (e.g. activated carbon) may then be added and in 3 the solution is filtered.  The mud formed is washed in thickener 7 with make-up water to recover trona and this solution enters dissolver 1. The make-up water may be hard water which is softened by passage through the mud.  The filtrate from 3 is mixed with recycled mother liquor and enters a crystallizer or multiple-effect crystallizers 4; the effluent crystal slurry therefrom is passed to centrifuges or filters 5, whence the effluent mother liquor is returned via line 12 to the first effect crystallizer, and the crystals are calcined to soda ash. The water evaporated in the process which may be substantially equal to the water used to dissolve the trona may be condensed and recycled with the make-up water.  100-1000 p.p.m. (by weight of solution) of a soluble sulphide or hydrosulphide, preferably sodium sulphide or hydrosulphide, may be added to the solvent water or trona before clarification to precipitate any dissolved iron.  The sulphide is vaporized from solution in the crystallizers as the temperature is reduced.  To control build-up of soluble impurities, some of the mother liquor may be purged after crystallization before recycling. A small amount of sodium carbonate monohydrate may be formed and removed with the sesquicarbonate crystals.  To obtain crystals of a known size and density, a crystal growth promoter may be added.  Such a promoter is an alkyl benzene sulphonate containing at least 8 alkyl carbon atoms, an alkyl naphthalene sulphonate containing at least 4 alkyl carbon atoms, a primary alkyl alcohol sulphate containing at least 10 carbon atoms, or an N-substituted taurine of the formula R1R11N-CH2CH3SO3M wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon radical, R11 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid and M is an alkali metal, which, used in the proportion of 5-100 p.p.m., gives crystals of an average of over 80% plus 100 mesh. An alternative method of formation of the initial trona solution is to dissolve the trona underground; soft water at 130 DEG  C. is pumped down a well, through the trona bed, and up another well which it leaves as a saturated solution at 90 DEG  C. Specifications 844,229, 912,893 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,346,140 and 2,639,217 are referred to.