Patent GB-848671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of polymeric materials
Inventor: ABBOTSON WILLIAM
IPC: C08G18/80
Filed: 1956-11-16
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of cellular materials by interacting polyesters and organic polyisocyanates is characterised in that the polyisocyanate used is a polyisocyanate composition comprising more than 50% by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and at least 5% by weight of polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups, sufficient of said diisocyanate and polyisocyanate being present as carbamyl chloride derivatives to provide an ionisable chlorine content of 0,01% to 3,0%, preferably 0,1% to 1,0% by weight of the polyisocyanate composition.  The polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups can be (1) added directly to the diphenylmethane diisocyanate, e.g. as benzene, toluene, diphenylmethane, diphenyl or diphenyl ether triisocyanates; (2) formed by interaction of some of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol; (3) formed by partial polymerisation of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate to form isocyanurate derivatives; (4) present as the result of the manufacture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate from a crude diaminodiphenylmethane containing triamines and other polyamines.  The carbomyl chloride derivatives comprise di- and polyisocyanate compounds in which some or all the isocyanate groups have been converted to N-substituted carbamyl chloride groups, for example by direct addition of hydrogen chloride.  In a typical example (1) a mixture is prepared of a polyester (from pentacrythritol, butylene glycol, adipic acid and phthalic anhydride), and alkylphenolethylene oxide condensate and water.  To produce a foam there is then added a diphenylmethane diisocyanate composition.  This is obtained by phosgenation and heating of an aniline-formaldehyde condensation product and contains about 30% of derivatives of triamines and also isocyanurate polymers and has an ionisable chlorine content of 0,5%.ALSO:A polysocyanate composition for use in the preparation of cellular polyurethanes comprises more than 50% by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and at least 5% by weight of polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups, sufficient of said diisocyanate and polyisocyanate being present as carbamyl chloride derivatives to provide an ionisable chlorine content of 0,01% to 3% of the polyisocyanate composition.  The polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups can be (1) added directly; (2) formed by interaction of some of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol, e.g. with trimethylol propane to give C2H5,C (CH2OCONHR,NCO)3 (3) formed by partial polymerisation of the diphenylmethane diisoyanate to give isocyanurate derivatives, suitable catalysts being sodium methoxide or phenate, alkali metal salts of weak acids, alkali metal oxides and hydroxides or soluble metal salts such as lead 2-ethyl hexoate or zinc naphthenate; (4) formed during the manufacture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate from crude diaminodiphenylmethane containing triand other polyamines.  The carbamyl chloride derivatives are the di- and polyisocyanates of which some or all the isocyanate groups have been converted to N-substituted carbamyl chloride derivatives, for example by direct addition of hydrogen chloride or result during the phosgenation of the amines.  In specific processes (a) Diphenyl methane diisocyanate is heated with sodium methoxide to give a product containing 18% of an isocyanurate derivative.  The product is treated with dry hydrogen chloride to convert some of the isocyanate groups to carbamyl chloride groups;(b) a trimethylolpropane-amodi-fied diphenylmethane diisocyanate is prepared; (c) a crude reaction product of aniline and formaldehyde containing 2, 41-and 4:41-diamino-diphenylmethane and about 15% triamine is phosgenated first at 0 degree, then with heating to give a product containing the di- and polyisocyanates, and isocyanurate polymers, and also having a carbamyl chloride content.ALSO:A process for the manufacture of cellular materials by interacting polyesters and organic polyisocyanates is characterised in that the polyisocyanate used is a polyisocyanate composition comprising more than 50% by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and at least 5% by weight of polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups, sufficient of said diisocyanate and polyisocyanate being present as carbamyl chloride derivatives to provide an ionisable chlorine content of 0,01% to 3,0%, preferably 0,1% to 1,0% by weight of the polyisocyanate composition.  The polyisocyanate containing more than two isocyanate groups can be (1) added directly to the diphenylmethane diisocyanate, e.g. as benzene, toluene, diphenylmethane, diphenyl or diphenyl ether triisocyanates; (2) formed by interaction of some of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a polyhydric alcohol; (3) formed by partial polymerisation of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate to form isocyanurate derivatives; (4) present as the result of the manufacture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate from a crude diamino-diphenylmethane containing triamines and other polyamines.  The carbomyl chloride derivatives comprise di-and polyisocyanate compounds in which some or all the isocyanate groups have been converted to N-substituted carbamyl chloride groups, for example by direct addition of hydrogen chloride. In a typical example (1) a mixture is prepared of a polyester (from pentaerythritol, butylene glycol, adipic acid and phthalic anhydride), an alkylphenolethylene oxide condensate and water.  To produce a foam there is then added a diphenylmethane diisocyanate composition.  This is obtained by phosgenation and heating of an aniline-formaldehyde condensation product and contains derivatives of triamines present in the mixture and also isocyanurate polymers, and has an ionisable chlorine content of 0,5%.