baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-872184-A (GB)
Title: Nitrophenol derivatives
IPC: C07C205/22
Filed: 1959-07-13
Abstract: The invention comprises 2,6-di-tertiary-alkylated 4-nitrophenols and a process for their preparation by nitrating a 2,6-di-tertiary alkylated phenol in water-insoluble organic solvents with dilute aqueous nitric acid.  Examples describe the preparation of the ditert. butyl compounds.ALSO:Insecticidal compositions contain as active compound a 2,6 - di - tertiary alkylated - 4 - nitrophenol and a solid or liquid carrier or diluent.  The composition may take the form of an aqueous emulsion or dust and conventional carriers may be used. Specific reference is made to the di-tert.-butyl compound.
Patent GB-599472-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of polymerisation
IPC: C08F4/28
Filed: 1945-09-18
Abstract: Ethylenic substances are polymerized in aqueous media in the presence of a water-soluble persulphate, a water-soluble salt of an oxy-acid of sulphur with reducing properties and a water-soluble metal salt which increases the speed of interaction between the persulphate and the salt of the oxy-acid of sulphur. Monomers specified are vinyl acetate and chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene and the esters, amides and nitriles of acrylic, methacrylic, fumaric and maleic acids.  Persulphates specified are those of ammonia, potassium and sodium.  Salts of oxy-acids of sulphur specified are sodium sulphite, hydrosulphite, sulphoxylate, pyrosulphite, bisulphite, metabisulphite and thiosulphate, and addition compounds of any of these with an aldehyde or ketone, such as sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate. Specified metal salts are cupric, ferric and titanium sulphates, vanadium chloride and silver nitrate.  Salts of the higher state of valency are preferred where such exist.  The media may also contain soaps, water-soluble long-chain quaternary ammonium salts, citric acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, water-soluble esters of the fatty alcohols and salts of sulphonated animal and vegetable fats and oils, and water-soluble cellulose ethers.  The polymerization may be carried out in a closed vessel with air or an atmosphere of nitrogen or carbon dioxide present.
Patent GB-1293006-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparauts for producing holograms
IPC: G03H1/02
Filed: 1970-05-19
Abstract: 1293006 Thermochromic holograms LING- TEMCO-VOUGHT Inc 19 May 1970 [19 May 1969(2)] 24172/70 Heading G2J A hologram is produced by maintaining a layer 47 of thermochromic material at a predetermined temperature in a temperature range within which its reflectivity exhibits a hysterisis effect, irradiating an object 45 with coherent radiation to give both a reference beam and an object beam which produce a resultant radiation field having quonta with fixed relative phase differences which is directed at the layer 47 for a period sufficient temporarily to heat discrete portions of the layer above the predetermined temperature to cause a change in their reflectivity to produce a hologram from which an image, which may be made visible is reproducible. The thermochromic material may consist of the vanadium oxides or (a) a material having the general formula M 2 M<SP>1</SP>I 4  where M is Ag<SP>1+</SP>, Cu<SP>1+</SP> or T<SP>1+</SP> and M<SP>1</SP> is Hg<SP>2+</SP> or Cd<SP>2+</SP> or (b) a material of general formula MM<SP>1</SP> 2 X 4  where M is zinc, cadmium or mercury, M<SP>1</SP> is aluminium gallium or indium, and X is sulphur, selenium or tellurium. Preferably the material is Cu 2  Hg I 4  and the predetermined temperature is about 66‹C. The hologram may be made by illuminating object 45 with infrared radiation from a CO 2  laser 40. If the object is an aperture of cross-shape the hologram may be of the on-axis type. The thermochromic layer 47 is formed on a substrate 46 of high thermal conductivity. A visible image of object 45 is reconstructed by forming a photographic image of the hologram but reducing the size by 1:6 and illuminating the reduced hologram 52, Fig. 5 (not shown) with light from a heliumneon laser. Equally if hologram 52 is not sealed down it may be reconstructed with infrared to give an infrared image. The hologram so formed may be used to optically process data, e.g. to test for faults in a production batch, e.g. of semi-conductors. A reference hologram 60 is made using infrared radiation and the objects 62 are aligned therewith, object 62 and hologram 60 being in front and back focal planes of a lens 63, and radiation passing hologram 60 is focused in an image plane by lens 64. Correlation between object and the standard as represented by hologram 60 is shown by the optical pattern formed in the image plane. If a thermochromic layer 67 is located in the image plane a visible image is formed. Alternatively a matrix of infrared sensing devices may be used and suitably coupled to analytical devices. A holographic image recorded on a thermochromic layer will disappear when the temperature is lowered but will reappear precisely when the temperature is restored.
Patent GB-322186-A (GB)
Title: Supercharging method for internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B1/00
Filed: 1928-08-23
Abstract: 322,186. Becker, G. Aug, 23, 1928. Spray carburettors.-In engines using a part of the exhaust to form the charge, the amount and pressure of the returned gas is controlled by a throttle valve e on the outlet to atmosphere and by a valve i on the return pipe to the cylinders. The discharge may be under water. The returned gas is led to a mixer or carburettor g, contained in a closed chamber g<1>; this chamber is put under pressure by a pipe p<1> leading from a pipe p connecting an oxygen container m to a fuel tank k. Oxygen is supplied to the exhaust) by a pipe L in advance of the mixer; a pipe p<2> is used to connect the pipe p<1> to the exhaust return pipe f. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 19863/09 and 276,332, [both in Class 7 (ii), Internal-combustion engines, Arrargemernt &c. of].
Patent GB-931966-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in lubricating compositions
IPC: C10M169/00
Filed: 1960-07-12
Abstract: A fluid grease composition comprising a lubricating oil of viscosity 65-80 SSU at 210 DEG F., at least one metal acetate, preferably calcium acetate, and a finely divided calcium carbonate prepared by precipitation or in a like physical form.  An inhibitor, e.g. phenyl a -naphthylamine, may also be present, known additives such as those described in Specifications 778,651 and 824,526 may be added (e.g. salts and soaps of higher acids with heavy metals).
Patent GB-634945-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electro-magnetic friction clutches
IPC: F16D48/06
Filed: 1947-09-03
Abstract: 634,945. Clutches. LAVAUD, R. S. DE. Sept. 3, 1947, No. 24335. Convention date, Sept. 14, 1946. [Class 80 (ii)] An electromagnetically operated friction clutch comprises a disc 10 secured to the driven shaft 12 which is adapted to be engaged between a magnet 4, secured to a flywheel 1 on a driving shaft 3 and energized by a winding 2, and an armature 6 secured for rotation with, but adapted for axial movement on, a ring 5 secured to the flywheel 1. The disc 10 is of non-magnetic metal and is provided with bars 10a of magnetic metal whilst the adjacent faces of the magnet 4 and armature 6 are coated with a layer 20 of non-magnetic material. During the period of slipping of the clutch induced currents are created in the non-magnetic layers 20 which react on the magnetic field to produce an electrical driving torque on the disc 10 in addition to the frictional torque. The friction surfaces may be further coated with a thin layer of hard metal such as chromium to obviate wear. Instead of a single disc 10 a plurality of such discs may be provided together with a corresponding number of additional armature rings arranged between these discs. A cover plate 14 secured to the ring 5 co-operates with a plate 15 on the disc 10 to provide an oil retaining housing for the clutch to keep the friction surfaces lubricated. The exitation of the magnet winding 2 may be controlled in accordance with the motor torque so that the value of the clutch torque which can be transmitted is limited thereto and torque fluctuations can be readily absorbed by slipping at any value of the motor torque. This may be effected by the use of a variableresistance or rheostat in the magnet winding circuit actuated by the vacuum in the engine manifold or by the pressure of the exhaust gases or by both. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the use of a driven clutch plate 10 of magnetic sheet steel which is radially slotted to provide a series of radial magnetic bars, or a plain magnetic steel disc may be used. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1433201-A (GB)
Title: Drive systems for electric chromometers
IPC: H02K21/14
Filed: 1973-05-22
Abstract: 1433201 Electronic timepiece; automatic control systems SOC SUISSE POUR _ L' INDUSTRIE HORLOGERE MANAGEMENT SERVICES SA 22 May 1973 [30 May 1972 29 Sept 1972] 24374/73 Headings G3R and G3T [Also in Division H2] A drive system for a timepiece comprises a permanent magnet rotor electric motor having drive and pick-up stator coils BM, BC, and a synchronizing circuit including a quartz-crystal oscillator 11 and a multi-stage frequency divider 14 controlling a first switching device 15 which in turn controls a second switching device in the circuit of the drive coil. The switching devices may be transistors. The first transistor, preferably an F.E.T., effects a phase comparison of the synchronizing pulses and the pulses from the pick-up coil BC. The second transistor TR is switched off during each synchronizing pulse. The width of  the current pulses fed to the drive coils BM 1  BM 2  is thus varied as the rotor speed departs from the synchronous speed.
Patent GB-1331716-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing an apertured mask for a colour television cathode ray tube
IPC: H01J9/14
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1331716 Making cathode ray tube aperture masks RCA CORPORATION 19 April 1971 [17 March 1970] 24385/71 Heading B3A A method of making an apertured mask 50, Fig. 8, for a colour television cathode ray tube includes etching a pattern of temporary through apertures 70 in a metal sheet 56 Fig. 4 along with additional partially through apertures 72, and subsequently enlarging the apertures 70, 72 to form permanent apertures 77. The sheet 56 is coated on one side with material 58 which is resistive to the etching solution and on the other with a photoresist 52. A pattern of apertures 62<SP>1</SP> and openings 64<SP>1</SP> concentric therewith are formed conventionally prior to etching the apertures 70, 72. The coatings 52, 58 are removed and the mask 50 is used for photodeposition of phosphor deposits 82, 84, 86 forming a screen (26) on the surface 24 of a cathode ray tube (10) Fig. 1 (not shown). The mask in then etched once more to enlarge the apertures to their final size and then fitted permanently in the tube. In an alternative method, Fig. 12 (not shown), a pattern of apertures (122), (125) is made on both sides of the sheet and the temporary apertures are etched from both sides. The additional apertures may also be etched from both sides, Fig. 13 (not shown). The additional apertures may be contiguous with the temporary aperture, Figs. 7, 10 (not shown). The mask may be in the form of a grille, Fig. 18, in which case the metal sheet 270 is etched either on one or on both sides, to form temporary apertures 280, each of which has adjacent pairs of additional apertures 282, 286. In a further embodiment the grille is reinforced by ribs formed on the lower surface of a sheet (240) by etching, Fig. 17 (not shown).
Patent GB-511230-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to absorption refrigerating systems and apparatus
IPC: F25B17/00
Filed: 1938-08-19
Abstract: 511,230. Refrigerating. PRESSED STEEL CO., Ltd., NOLCKEN, W. G., and BRANDON, A. O. Aug. 19, 1938, No. 24434. [Class 29] Absorption systems.-In intermittent systems in which liquor circulates during the generating period between a relatively small generating vessel and a storage vessel through a liquor heat exchanger, as described for example in Specification 219,278, [Class 29] generation takes place at a high temperature in a directly heated vessel A, at an upper intermediate temperature in a vessel B heated by the flue gases of vessel A, at a low intermediate temperature in a combined rectifier and gas lift chamber E, and at a low temperature at the outlet of a combined storage vessel and heat exchanger C. The vessels A, B communicate through a liquor circulation pipe 5, 6 and through a vapour pipe 11, liquid trap D, liquid seal F, and pipes 1 and 3. The weak liquor flows into the heat exchanger through pipe 7 and passes through a spiral passage formed by apertures in plates N, as described in Specification 511,246, and displaces strong liquor through the outlet pipes 8, 2. Due to the heat exchange the outgoing .strong liquor is at a low expulsion temperature, and further expulsion takes place due to the heat of vapour entering the vessel E through pipe 1, this vapour serving to lift strong liquor through pipe 3 into the top of vessel B. The vessel A is fitted with trays M for liquor, and the lowest tray has a depending baffle K to trap vapour bubbles, which rise through a pipe N<1>. The vapour generated in vessel A has a high content of solvent vapour which is removed in rectifier E, and the refrigerant vapour leaves the vessel B for the condenser and evaporator, not shown, through a pipe 10 which may include a further rectifier. A quantity of liquor is held in a stagnant condition during the generating period in an air-cooled coil 14 connected to the liquid trap D, and the vapour-liquid contact surface is confined to that at the upper ends of this coil so that reabsorption or condensation is minimized. In the absorption period, cooling-air flows through the burner flue G and the pressure in vessel A falls. Liquor flows from vessel B through pipes 5, 6 into vessel A and the level in pipe 2 falls, while the level in pipe 1 rises and opposes flow into vessel F. Vapour flows by way of rectifier E into pipe 9 and circulates liquor from the heat exchanger through the vessel D where some absorption takes place, and through pipe 11 and a small bore pipe 12 back to vessel A. At the same time this vapour produces a circulation of liquor through the air cooled coil 14. Specifications 431,266, 431,267, 431,316, 438,959, 511,243, 511,244, 511,245 and U.S.A. Specification 2,027,057 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1418759-A (GB)
Title: Submarine pipelines
IPC: F16L1/14
Filed: 1973-05-23
Abstract: 1418759 Laying pipe-lines underwater NABALCO ENG PTY Ltd 23 May 1973 [29 May 1972] 24574/73 Heading F2P A method of forming and laying a submarine pipe-line as a continuous operation comprises joining lengths of pipe on shore in end to end relationship, securing variable buoyancy pipe supporting means to the leading end of the leading pipe length, connecting the pipe support means to depth control means on a barge located off shore, varying the depth of the pipe supporting means by the control means, progressively applying anchors to the pipe supporting means so that the anchors are progressively laid on the sea bed in desired spaced relationship by a cable fixed at one end on-shore and wound from a reel on the barge, and propelling the pipe supporting means and the pipe-line seawards by propelling means located on-shore so that the pipe-line progressively engages the anchors. In the arrangement shown the leading end of pipe 3 is sealed and a number of variable buoyancy units 2 constituting the pipe support means are secured to this leading end, the number of units 2 depending on the depth of water at the point where the end of the pipe is to be finally laid. Each unit 2 consists of a water compartment, an air/water compartment and an air compartment, the air/water compartment being connected to a compressed air supply on the barge B such that the buoyancy of each unit can be varied to control the depth of each unit independently and the depth indicated on a control unit on the barge, thus enabling the shape of the supporting means to be controlled to prevent undue stressing thereof. The supporting means are initially floated out to the barge and connected thereto. A cable is reeled off the barge and the end secured to a point AP on the shore. This cable is used to progressively feed anchors on to the supporting means at spaced intervals. The anchors consist of a yoke to which a weight is attached and which also mounts a pair of rollers for engaging the upper surface of the supporting means and the pipe 3 (Figs. 8, 9 and 10, not shown) so that the supporting means and the pipe can be fed through the anchors. The pipe 3 is propelled from the shore seawards by means of compressed air acting on the sealed end thereof. To do this a piston with a hollow pistonrod is mounted in the pipe and compressed air fed through the piston-rod to the space between the piston and the end of the pipe. The pistonrod is held stationary so that the pipe is propelled forward by the compressed air, the pipe feeding through the anchors so as to be located thereby relative to the sea bottom. When the initial length of pipe has been fed forwards a further section of pipe-line is joined to its end, e.g. by normal welding technique and so on until the required length of pipe-line has been laid. When the end of the pipe-line has reached its desired offshore location it may be connected to an offshore structure or brought to the surface for connection to a riser pipe, the supporting means being first disconnected from the pipeline and the pipe-line sealing means removed.
Patent GB-843857-A (GB)
Title: Friction elements
IPC: F16D69/02
Filed: 1957-08-06
Abstract: A powdered friction element for brakes and clutches has a matrix of sintered powdered ferrous or copper base material and dispersed therein unfused coarse ceramic and coarse graphite of particle size -20 to +60 mesh (Tyler), the amount of ceramic being 5-15% by weight of the composition and of graphite 5-20%. Friction modifiers such as lead or (325 mesh) intramatrix graphite, friction stabilizers such as molybdenum disulphide intramitrix (220 mesh) abrasives such as alumina or silica, and a binder tin, may also be added.  Ceramics may include mullite and other silicates such as andalusite, dumortierite, kyanite (calcined) sillimenite, topaz natural or synthetic, or oxides such as alumina and silica.  The graphite is preferably either natural flake or ground nodular synthetic type.  In making the element, the mixed powders are first compressed at 15-20 tons per square inch (ferrous base) or 11-15 tons per square inch (copper base), then sintered at respectively about 180 DEG F. under 250 p.s.i. (ferrous base), or about 1500 DEG F. under 150 p.s.i. (copper base) for one hour.ALSO:A powdered friction element for brakes and clutches has a matrix of sintered powdered ferrous or copper base material and dispersed therein unfused coarse ceramic and coarse graphite of particle size -20 to +60 mesh (Tyler), the amount of ceramic being 5-15% by weight of the composition and of graphite 5-20%. Friction modifiers such as lead or (325 mesh) intramatrix graphite; friction stabilisers such as molybdenum disulphide; intramatrix (220 mesh) abrasives such as alumina or silica; and a binder tin, may also be added.  Ceramics may include mullite and other silicates such as andalusite, dumortierite, kyanite (calcined) sillimanite, topaz natural or synthetic; or oxides such as alumina and silica.  The graphite is preferably either natural flake or ground modular synthetic type.  In making the element, the mixed powders are first compressed at 15-20 tons per sq. inch (ferrous) base or 11-15 tons per sq. inch (copper base), then sintered at respectively about 1800 DEG F. under 250 p.s.i. (ferrous base), or about 1500 DEG F. under 150 p.s.i. (copper base) for one hour.
Patent GB-283445-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in devices for stretching and fastening boxstraps
IPC: B65D63/08
Filed: 1927-09-20
Abstract: 283,445. Keller, P. Sept. 20, 1927. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Strap fastenings.-The ends of a metal strap b are received by slits h, s in the wire shackle g and notched plate i. In making the slit s, a lip is formed below the plate so as to press against the strap when the plate is forced against a box, &c. The shackle may have integral pivots z recessed to prevent slipping. The spindle may be tied or sealed to the plate.
Patent GB-767174-A (GB)
Title: Stylus
Inventor: GRODZINSKI PAUL
IPC: G11B3/48
Filed: 1952-10-03
Abstract: 767,174. Gramophone needles. INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTORS (SALES), Ltd. Sept. 1, 1953 [Oct. 3, 1952], No. 24806/52. Class 40 (2). A stylus for recording or reproducing sound vibrations has a tip having a profile determined by the intersection of two surfaces of revolution. An embossing recording stylus, Figs. 1 to 3, is provided with two conical intersecting surfaces 1 and 2, which gives a profile longitudinally of the record groove as shown in Fig. 1, a lateral profile as shown in Fig. 2, and a cross-section as shown in Fig. 3. A reproducing stylus is provided with insecting paraboloid surfaces and has profiles and crosssection as shown in Figs. 4 to 6. Specification 767,175, [Group XXIII], is referred to.
Patent GB-1501350-A (GB)
Title: Ribostamycin derivatives and a process for preparing them
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1976-06-16
Abstract: 1501350 Ribostamycin derivatives MEIJI SEIKA KAISHA Ltd 16 June 1976 [30 June 1975] 24851/76 Heading C2C Novel 5<SP>11</SP>-amino-3<SP>1</SP>,5<SP>11</SP>-dideoxyribostamycin is prepared by treating a sulphonate of the general formula wherein R is an alkoxy or aryloxy group, X is PP<SP>1</SP>C=, in which each of P and P<SP>1</SP> is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group, or a cyclohexylidene group and Y is an alkyl-, aralkyl- or arylsulphonyl group, with NaBH 4  in an aprotic and polar solvent, hydrogenating the resulting 3<SP>1</SP>- deoxy derivative catalytically and removing the protecting groups from the resulting 5<SP>11</SP>-amino derivative. Novel sulphonates of the general formula above are prepared (a) by selective sulphonylation of a protected ribostamycin of the general formula and treatment of the resulting 3<SP>1</SP>,5<SP>11</SP>-di-O- sulphonyl derivative of the general formula with an azide-forming reagent; and (b) by sulphonylation of a protected ribostamycin of the general formula reaction of the resulting 5<SP>11</SP>-O-sulphonyl derivative with an azide-forming agent, removal of the 3<SP>1</SP>,4<SP>1</SP>-O-protecting group from the resulting azide of the general formula and selective sulphonylation of the resulting protected azide. 1,6 - N,O - 2<SP>11</SP>,3<SP>11</SP>; 3<SP>1</SP>,4<SP>1</SP> - O - tricyclohexylidene- 1,2<SP>1</SP>,3,6<SP>1</SP> - tetra - N - ethoxycarbonyl - ribostamycin is prepared by reacting tetra-N-ethoxycarbonylribostamycin with p-toluenesulphonic acid and 1,1-dimethoxycyclohexane. It may be heated in acetic acid-acetone to form 1,6-N,O-2<SP>11</SP>,3<SP>11</SP>-O- dicyclohexylidene - 1,2<SP>1</SP>,3,6<SP>1</SP> - tetra - N - ethoxycarbonylribostamycin. 5<SP>11</SP> - Amino - 4<SP>1</SP>,5<SP>11</SP> - dideoxy - 3<SP>1 </SP>- epi - ribostamycin is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 5<SP>11</SP> - azido - 1,6 - N,O - 2<SP>11</SP>,3<SP>11</SP> - di - O - cyclohexylidene - 1,2<SP>1</SP>,3,6<SP>1</SP> - tetra - N - ethoxycarbonyl-3<SP>1</SP>-O-tosylribostamycin, followed by removal of the protecting groups. Pharmaceutical compositions having antimicrobial activity comprise, as active ingredient, 5<SP>11</SP> - smino - 3<SP>1</SP>,5<SP>11</SP> - dideoxy - ribostamycin and/ or a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent and optionally a further active ingredient such as another antibiotic.