baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FR-2581497-A1 (FR)
Title: Ion emission electroacoustic transducer.
Inventor: FOURRIERE JEAN-CLAUDE
IPC: G10K15/06
Filed: 1985-05-02
Abstract: Electroacoustic transducer of the type including at least one element 5 with a sharpened end, such as a point or ridge, capable of emitting ions when it is brought to sufficiently high electrical potentials, as well as means of modulating the potential applied to the said element by an AC voltage of acoustic frequency, the said transducer including two gates 7, 8 which are parallel to one another and to the said element 5 and are arranged symmetrically on either side of the latter, whilst a high voltage is applied between the gates 7, 8 on the one hand, and the said element 5 on the other hand, and the said means of modulation apply the same AC voltage of acoustic frequency to the said gates 7, 8, but with opposite phases. According to the invention, this transducer is characterised in that the sharp end of the said element is divided, one part 6a of this end being directable towards one of the gates 7, whilst the other part 6b of this end can be directed towards the other 8 of the said gates. Loudspeaker.
Patent FR-2583577-A1 (FR)
Title: Procede de realisation d'un dispositif photodetecteur semi-conducteur a avalanche et dispositif ainsi realise
Inventor: WEIL THIERRY
IPC: H01L29/15
Filed: 1985-06-18
Abstract: LE PHOTODETECTEUR A AVALANCHE SELON L'INVENTION EST DU TYPE A HETEROJONCTION COMPORTANT UNE REGION INTERMEDIAIRE Z ENTRE DEUX REGIONS EXTREMES Z, Z EN MATERIAUX SEMI-CONDUCTEURS DISTINCTS. LA REGION INTERMEDIAIRE Z COMPREND UN RESEAU DE TRANCHES D'EPAISSEURS VARIABLES DE COUCHES ALTERNEES DES MATERIAUX DES REGIONS EXTREMES FORMANT UN SYSTEME DE PUITS QUANTIQUES COUPLES DONT LES EPAISSEURS ET LE NOMBRE DE TRANCHES SONT DETERMINES PAR LE PROCEDE DE L'INVENTION DE MANIERE A CE QUE LE TEMPS DE REPONSE DU PHOTODETECTEUR SOIT INFERIEUR A UN TEMPS MAXIMUM DETERMINE, TOUT EN MAINTENANT LE NOMBRE DE PUITS QUANTIQUES COUPLES MINIMAL.
Patent FR-2584154-A1 (FR)
Title: Automatic grasping and setting-down hook operating by gravity
Inventor: RASO JEAN-BAPTISTE
IPC: B66C1/66
Filed: 1985-06-28
Abstract: The hook of the invention comprises, arranged in a clevis 1, an L-shaped hook 2 allowing the lifting lug 60 of a basket to be trapped in the slots 12 of the clevis. At the upper part of the L, a locking plate 3 makes it possible to lock the hook in the closed position. The hook 2 is articulated to a pin 22 and allows the grasping and releasing of the basket. This hook can be used especially for manipulating components to be preheated in a brazing furnace.
Patent FR-2568598-A1 (FR)
Title: Sewing machine pattern control
Inventor: SCHOFFELD ROLAND
IPC: D05B19/00
Filed: 1985-07-10
Abstract: In the pattern control mechanism of a sewing machine, particularly for automatic buttonhole stitching, only the axis of the swing frame and the shaft for the adjustment roller are used as the mounting points, to give a secure insertion and retraction of the separate cam followers to control the fabric advance adjustment.
Patent FR-2570467-A1 (FR)
Title: Insulated connection for steel tubes
Inventor: KORECKY PAVEL
IPC: F16L25/02
Filed: 1985-09-06
Abstract: The method of forming a connection between two tubes, the end of one tube being inserted in the other begins with inserting a resilient sealing ring inside the end of the outer tube, after both ends of the tubes have been cleaned up. The inner tube end is inserted, and axial pressure is applied to produce a predetermined deformation, and into the space between the tubes, an epoxy resin is injected and allowed to harden. Before the resin is injected, the electrical resistance of the joint is measured while the pressure is being maintained. The deformation is also measured.
Patent FR-2587757-A1 (FR)
Title: Improvements to devices for controlling injection pumps of diesel engines
Inventor: CAMUS JEAN
IPC: F02D31/00
Filed: 1985-09-24
Abstract: It relates to controlling the multiplicity injection pumps 41 to 44 which supply fuel to the identical groups of cylinders 31 to 34, respectively, of a diesel engine. The device comprises electromagnetic actuators 51 to 54 respectively associated with the various pumps and controlled from the same speed governor 6 by means of electronic position governors 91 to 94 assigned respectively to the various actuators. The controls fulfilled by these governors are automatically corrected as a function of the actual operations of the groups of cylinders in question so as to balance between them the drive powers generated by these groups, the said actual operations being especially defined by the temperatures of the gaseous mixtures leaving the corresponding cylinders.
Patent FR-2590278-A1 (FR)
Inventor: BACKELANDT BERNARD
IPC: C25D21/12
Filed: 1985-11-19
Abstract: Process for regulating the quantity of metal electrolytically deposited on a continuously travelling band to be coated in a coating plant comprising a plurality of tanks filled with electrolyte. The process comprises determining experimental curves of the yield as a function of the strength of the supply current of each bridge of the plant, collecting (32) indications relating to the bridges in operation or out of operation, establishing analog values of the strength for each bridge and of the maximum strength of the current for all of the bridges, measuring the velocity of the travel of the band (37), establishing set values (39) relating to the quantity of metal to be deposited, measuring the total quantity of metal deposited by means of a gauge employing a periodic scanning, determining the lower and upper means of the quantity of metal measured by the gauge in each scan, and establishing a regulation model from the aforementioned data.
Patent FR-2590635-A1 (FR)
Title: Fastening system of the screw type
Inventor: LEGRAND DENIS
IPC: F16B23/00
Filed: 1985-11-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a fastening system of the screw type. According to the invention it comprises: - at least one screw 2 whose head 3 has a recess 4 intended to interact with the head of a screwing tool of corresponding shape, the recess being shaped so that the head of the tool can transmit a rotational torque to the screw only in the direction of rotation of the tool corresponding to screwing and, - a support 8 comprising, for each screw, a hole 9 for the passage of the screw, and a corresponding countersink 10 coaxial with the said hole, countersink in which the screw head can be housed, at least partially. The invention applies to screw fastening systems.
Patent FR-2591395-A1 (FR)
Title: Sealed electrical connector
Inventor: BOYER JEAN CLAUDE
IPC: H01R4/70
Filed: 1985-12-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a sealed electrical connector for connecting at least one terminal 7 of an electrical appliance, disposed in an enclosure 1 in which a high pressure may prevail, to a cable 5 located outside the said enclosure. It comprises a casing 6 which may be mounted in a sealed manner onto an opening of the said enclosure 1, at least one electrically conductive connection member 10, capable of being connected at one of its ends to the said terminal inside the said casing and at its other end to the said cable outside the said casing, and a stop member mounted around the said connection member and possessing a cross-section which decreases from its side facing the end of the connection member inside the casing to its side facing the end of the connection member outside the casing, one of the walls 8 of the casing possessing a hole 9 through which the said connection member passes and the profile of which is substantially complementary to that of the stop member.
Patent FR-2592145-A1 (FR)
Inventor: ROUMEGUERE PASCAL
IPC: F27D1/04
Filed: 1985-12-23
Abstract: A method of building refractory protection walls of furnaces, ovens or combustion chambers, notably but not exclusively for boilers for incinerating garbage and refuse, is proposed for protecting the hearth walls by means of a refractory wall (4) consisting of a plurality of shaped fire-bricks (5) each provided with at least one blind recess (6, 11) disposed at the level of the fixing means of the panel (1) to be protected which consist of fixing studs (7) projecting from the panel surface and adapted to engage the corresponding blind recesses (6, 11) so that each fire-brick (5) is suspended from these studs (7) and self-locked in position by at least the next overlying fire-brick.
Patent WO-8700076-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for the treatment of a gas mixture by adsorpton
Inventor: HAY LEON
IPC: C01B32/50
Filed: 1986-07-04
Abstract: The adsorption cycle comprises the following phases: (a) an adsorption phase which is isobaric at a high pressure of the cycle wherein the mixture to be treated is supplied into the adsorber through a first end, called inlet end of the adsorber, circulates through the latter and is discharged therefrom through its other end, called outlet end, the circulation direction of the mixture being called co-current; (b) a first decompression phase of the co-current adsorber, up to a medium pressure of the cycle; (c) a second decompression phase of the co-current adsorber up to a low pressure of the cycle, the gas drawn during said phase being the production gas; and (d) a phase of pressure rise of the adsorber up to the high pressure of the cycle. Application to the recovery of carbon dioxide from sources which contain only from 10 to 30% of carbon dioxide.
Patent FR-2593633-A1 (FR)
Title: Procede d'ecriture et de lecture d'une piste magnetique, notamment pour l'asservissement positionnel de tetes magnetiques; support magnetique comportant au moins une telle piste; procede d'asservissement positionnel de tetes magnetiques mettant en oeuvre de telles pistes
Inventor: GARCIA SALVADOR
IPC: G11B5/012
Filed: 1986-01-27
Abstract: Procédé d'écriture et de lecture d'une piste magnétique, notamment pour l'asservissement positionnel de têtes magnétiques, cette piste portant à cet effet des transitions d'états magnétiques telles que leur lecture fournit des impulsions dont le signe est représentatif du sens de la transition, caractérisé en ce que l'on enregistre dans l'intervalle compris entre deux transitions 14 de même sens des signaux 161, 162 tels que leur lecture ne fasse pas apparaître une transition de sens inverse, de sorte que les transitions de la magnétisation apparaissent toutes dans le même sens. L'invention concerne également un support magnétique permettant la mise en îoeuvre de ce procédé, ainsi qu'un procédé d'asservissement positionnel de têtes magnétiques mettant en îoeuvre un tel support. (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI)
Patent FR-2595878-A1 (FR)
Title: Coffret de logement d'appareillages electriques
Inventor: LAFOSSE JEAN
IPC: H02B1/32
Filed: 1986-03-12
Abstract: LE CHASSIS DE SUPPORT DES APPAREILLAGES ELECTRIQUES EST FORME DE DEUX FLASQUES VERTICAUX PERFORES ET DE RAILS PROFILES PLACES PERPENDICULAIREMENT ENTRE LES FLASQUES, A DIFFERENTS NIVEAUX PREDETERMINES DE CEUX-CI. CHAQUE EXTREMITE DE RAIL 38 EST ASSEMBLEE AU FLASQUE ASSOCIE 22 AU MOYEN D'UNE EQUERRE 48 DONT L'UNE DES AILES EST DOTEE DE PATTES D'ACCROCHAGE 52 S'EMBOITANT DANS DES PERFORATIONS 42 DU FLASQUE ET DONT L'AUTRE AILE PORTE L'AME DU RAIL; LA FIXATION DU RAIL SUR L'EQUERRE EST ASSUREE PAR UNE PLAQUE DE BRIDAGE 49 DOTEE DE PATTES D'ACCROCHAGE S'EMBOITANT DANS DES PERFORATIONS 42 DU FLASQUE VIA DES LUMIERES 56 MENAGEES DANS L'EQUERRE 48.
Patent FR-2596851-A1 (FR)
Title: Solid fuel boiler of the type having inverted combustion and a refractory post-combustion channel
Inventor: SONDEREGGER ROGER
IPC: F24H1/28
Filed: 1986-04-02
Abstract: The present invention consists of a solid fuel boiler of the type having inverted combustion and a post-combustion chamber comprising a channel 2 made of refractory brickwork. The boiler may possibly comprise two combustion grates in series 12, 3. Application : heating installations for premises.
Patent FR-2596901-A1 (FR)
Title: Tamper-proof cheque book and method of monitoring cheques
IPC: G07F7/12
Filed: 1986-04-03
Abstract: Each cheque 1 of the tamper-proof cheque book comprises two different, secret code marks 2, 3 each hidden by means 6, 7 capable of being lifted off in order to make the code mark visible but incapable of being replaced without revealing a fraud attempt. These two code marks 2, 3 appear on an index held only by the owner of the cheque book. Use to combat fraud and the falsification of bank cheques.
Patent FR-2597271-A1 (FR)
Title: Device for reversing the direction of rotation of a movable three-phase electric motor
IPC: H01R29/00
Filed: 1986-04-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for reversing the direction of rotation of a three-phase electric motor supplied by a cable fitted with a standardised connector. In order to reverse the direction of rotation of a three-phase electric motor, it suffices to switch two supply phase wires and the apparatus mkes it possible, by inserting it between the plug connector and socket connector elements, to reverse the direction of rotation. The apparatus consists, in the lower part, of a three-phases-plus- earth plug connector member and, in the upper part, protected by an insulating cap, a three-phases-plus-earth socket connector member. Each plug contact is connected via a copper wire to a socket contact in the following order, A-a, B-b, C-d, D-c, the assembly being rendered integral by an insulating moulding 1 corresponding to electrical standards. The switching of the phases is performed between C-d and D-c.
Patent FR-2581516-A1 (FR)
Title: Boucle a fermeture rapide en particulier pour jugulaire de casque
Inventor: NAVA PIER LUIGI
IPC: A44B11/25
Filed: 1986-05-13
Abstract: Cette boucle à fermeture rapide, particulièrement appropriée pour les jugulaires de casques comprend deux parties dont la première A est fixée à l'une des extrémités 4 de la courroie et est munie, à l'opposé, d'une languette 5 qui se verrouille sur la deuxième partie. Cette dernière est fixée à l'autre extrémité 4' de la courroie et est composée de trois éléments assemblés par emboîtement. Le premier, ou plaque de base, est accroché à la seconde extrémité 4' de la courroie tandis qu'à son extrémité opposée, il coopère avec le deuxième élément, ou levier de verrouillage 30, qui est retenu sur cette plaque par un ressort de retenue constituant le troisième élément et encliqueté sur la plaque. Les trois éléments constituant la seconde partie sont introduits et emboîtés dans un boîtier 50 en matière souple dont la surface extérieure concave entre en contact avec la mâchoire de l'utilisateur. (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI)
Patent FR-2599379-A1 (FR)
Title: Cooling device for controlling the temperature of a mass of grapes during wine making
IPC: C12G1/028
Filed: 1986-05-27
Abstract: The invention relates to controlling the temperature within a mass of grapes 16 during wine making. The coolant circulates in the fingers 2 of a rigid mobile exchanger 1. The fingers 2 are connected in series around the crown which can be pushed into the grapes 16, or alternatively lifted out of the tank 17. Application: introduction or extraction while the tank 17 remains full; possibility of treating several tanks 17 with a single exchanger 1.
Patent FR-2582974-A1 (FR)
Title: Dispositif pour effectuer un changement automatique d'outils de mesure dans un robot ou une machine de mesure
Inventor: FERRERO FRANCO
IPC: B25J15/04
Filed: 1986-06-10
Abstract: LA PRESENTE INVENTION CONCERNE UN DISPOSITIF DE CHANGEMENT AUTOMATIQUE D'OUTIL DE MESURE DANS UNE MACHINE DE MESURE. LADITE MACHINE COMPREND UN BRAS DE MESURE MOBILE MOBILE ACTIONNABLE POUR SOUTENIR L'OUTIL DE MESURE 7. UN PORTE-OUTIL 6 EST ASSOCIE A CHAQUE OUTIL. UNE BIELLETTE DE LIAISON 20 FAIT SAILLIE A PARTIR DU PORTE-OUTIL ET SON AXE COINCIDE SENSIBLEMENT AVEC CELUI DE L'OUTIL. UN RATELIER 8 EST MUNI D'UNE PLURALITE DE SIEGES 9 DONT CHACUN PEUT SERVIR A SOUTENIR L'UN DES PORTE-OUTIL. DES MOYENS DE CONNEXION PEUVENT AGIR POUR AGGRIPER LADITE BIELLETTE DE LIAISON 20 DE L'UN DES PORTE-OUTIL EN SUIVANT LE MOUVEMENT DE LADITE TETE DE LA MACHINE, DES MOYENS DE DEPLACEMENT MOBILES ACTIONNABLES POUR SUPPORTER LESDITS MOYENS DE CONNEXION ET POUR DEPLACER LEDIT PORTE-OUTIL DANS LA DIRECTION DE L'AXE DE L'OUTIL D'UNE PREMIERE POSITION A UNE SECONDE POSITION.
Patent FR-2602127-A1 (FR)
Title: Meal briefcase
IPC: A47J47/14
Filed: 1986-07-30
Abstract: Device for transporting and keeping a meal fresh in a briefcase and converting this said briefcase into a table and into a stool. It consists of two parts: the meal tray 1 is intended to receive food courses in its recesses 3, 12, 16 and to be converted into a table by inserting feet into orifices. The lid is equipped with a seal, holds the recess covers 28, and will provide the briefcase with a thermal atmosphere; it is converted into a stool by inserting feet into the orifices. The device according to the invention is intended particularly for transporting a fresh meal and to be converted into a table and into a stool.
Patent FR-2605142-A1 (FR)
Title: Electric switch provided with means of protection, especially against water spray
Inventor: MARINS LOUIS
IPC: H01H23/06
Filed: 1986-10-14
Abstract: The invention relates to an electric switch provided with means of protection against getting wet. The switch is characterised in that the means of protection are formed by a hood 3 in the form of a dish, pivotably integral with the handle 2, covering the latter and the walls 4 encaging the handle, the hood 3 constituting the unit for actuating the switch. The invention is applicable to switches exposed to water spray.
Patent FR-2609838-A1 (FR)
Title: Triggering device with accumulation of potential energy, usable in a switching device
Inventor: ZWARYCZ ANDRE
IPC: H01H71/58
Filed: 1987-01-21
Abstract: The device according to the invention comprises a mobile rig 4 able to move, with respect to a fixed structure 1, along a first path, between a rest position in which it abuts against a first end-of-path stop 9 of the fixed structure, and an arming position, a restoring spring 6 arranged between the mobile rig 4 and the structure 1, a striker 10 guided by the mobile rig and mobile between an armed position -C- and a triggered position, a spring 14 arranged between the mobile rig 4 and the striker 10, and controllable interlock means 18 to 23 able to lock the striker 10 and the mobile rig 4 together, when the striker 10 is in the triggered position and the mobile rig 4 is in the arming position. This triggering device can be incorporated in small-sized switching devices.
Patent FR-2609936-A1 (FR)
Title: Procede de fixation d'une couche poreuse sur un substrat et application de ce procede a la realisation d'une prothese
Inventor: DEVILLARD JACQUES
IPC: B22F7/00
Filed: 1987-01-28
Abstract: PROCEDE D'ACCROCHAGE D'UNE COUCHE POREUSE SUR UN SUBSTRAT. UN SUBSTRAT 32, 33 DESTINE A CONSTITUER L'AME D'UNE PROTHESE DE HANCHE EST PLACE DANS UNE CAVITE 28 D'UN MOULE 22. DES SPHERULES 10 SONT INTRODUITES DANS L'ESPACE COMPRIS ENTRE LE SUBSTRAT 32, 33 ET LES PAROIS DE LA CAVITE 28. LE MOULE 22 EST PLACE DANS UN FOUR 34 QUE L'ON PORTE A UNE TEMPERATURE A LAQUELLE LE MATERIAU CONSTITUTIF DU SUBSTRAT EST SUPERPLASTIQUE. ON APPLIQUE ENSUITE AU MOULE 22 UNE PRESSION DE L'ORDRE DE 10 A 30 MPA, CE QUI PERMET D'INCRUSTER LES SPHERULES 10 SUR LE SUBSTRAT A UNE TEMPERATURE RELATIVEMENT BASSE. APPLICATION A LA REALISATION DE PROTHESES OSSEUSES.
Patent FR-2610479-A1 (FR)
Title: Appareil de saumurage de viande par malaxage sous-vide
Inventor: THIRODE PIERRE HENRI
IPC: A23B4/02
Filed: 1987-02-05
Abstract: APPAREIL DE SAUMURAGE DE VIANDE PAR MALAXAGE SOUS-VIDE COMPORTANT UNE CUVE 1 APTE A ETRE MISE EN ROTATION AUTOUR DE SON AXE LONGITUDINAL PAR DES MOYENS D'ENTRAINEMENT 7, 8, LADITE CUVE ETANT POURVUE A L'UNE DE SES EXTREMITES D'UNE OUVERTURE 4 DE CHARGEMENTDECHARGEMENT APTE A ETRE OBTUREE PAR UN COUVERCLE AU TRAVERS DUQUEL S'EFFECTUENT LA MISE SOUS-VIDE ET LE CAS ECHEANT L'INJECTION DE SAUMURE, LA CUVE ETANT MONTEE SUR UN BATI DE SUPPORT 11. L'APPAREIL COMPORTE, AU VOISINAGE DU BORD ARRIERE DU BATI 11 DE SUPPORT DE LA CUVE, AU MOINS UN ORGANE ELASTIQUE 16 INTERPOSE ENTRE LE BATI 11 ET LA SURFACE DE SUPPORT DE L'APPAREIL 12 ET AGENCE DE MANIERE A ETRE PROGRESSIVEMENT COMPRIME DEPUIS UNE POSITION DE REPOS CORRESPONDANT A L'ETAT VIDE DE LA CUVE JUSQU'A UNE POSITION DE CHARGE, LE OU LESDITS ORGANES ELASTIQUES REVENANT PROGRESSIVEMENT A LEUR POSITION DE REPOS LORS DU DECHARGEMENT DE LA CUVE.
Patent FR-2612182-A1 (FR)
Title: Substituted phenyl esters which can be used as ferroelectric liquid crystals, their preparation and their use in an optoelectronic display unit
Inventor: NGUYEN HUU TINH
IPC: C09K19/20
Filed: 1987-03-12
Abstract: The subject of the invention is substituted phenyl esters which can be used as ferroelectric liquid crystals. These esters correspond to the formula: in which R<1> is an alkyl radical, R<2>, R<3> and R<4> are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, and R<5> is a radical of formula &lparstr& CH=CH &rparstr& COOR<6> or of formula -OOCR<6> in which R<6> is a chiral alkyl radical optionally substituted by a chlorine or bromine atom. These phenyl esters can be used as liquid crystals in the pure state or in the form of mixtures, optionally with other liquid crystals.
Patent FR-2612767-A1 (FR)
Title: Total knee prosthesis
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 1987-03-23
Abstract: Joint prosthesis for the human body. The prosthesis is characterised in that: the tenon 5 delimits a bore 6 occupied by a spindle 7 solidly attached by a pin 8 and forming the two journals, the clevis 10 is made in a single piece, whose cheeks form bearing surfaces 15 acting as the femoral condyles, and having, in their outer faces, grooves which are parallel to the web, and the femoral implantation piece 20 forms, starting from its base, an open casing 23 comprising a front wall 24 and two side walls 25 provided with opposing reverses 26, the said casing partially interlocking with the clevis by sliding, with overlap of the web by the front wall, and with interaction of the reverses with the grooves. Application to knee prostheses.
Patent FR-2613261-A1 (FR)
Inventor: HERBIN PATRICK
IPC: B24B13/005
Filed: 1987-03-30
Abstract: The cylindrical side wall of the mold cavity (8) has an inside diameter (D) which is greater than the largest existing ophthalmic lens diameter, and a generally cylindrical membrane (25) of elastomer material is disposed concentrically inside the mold cavity so that in conjunction with the cylindrical side wall of the cavity it defines a variable volume annular chamber (31), the membrane being expansible and retractable radially under the action of a fluid which is alternatively removed from and admitted to the annular chamber.
Patent FR-2597791-A1 (FR)
Title: Dispositif pour la production d'une force reglable sur des presses d'imprimerie
Inventor: RODI ANTON
IPC: B41F13/24
Filed: 1987-04-22
Abstract: DISPOSITIF POUR LA PRODUCTION D'UNE FORCE REGLABLE SUR DES PRESSES D'IMPRIMERIE. L'ORGANE PRODUCTEUR D'UNE FORCE EST UN MOTEUR ELECTRIQUE DONT LES PARTIES A MOBILITE RELATIVE SONT SOUMISES A UNE FORCE CONSTANTE PRODUITE PAR LE MOTEUR OU A UN COUPLE CONSTANT PRODUIT PAR LE MOTEUR, AU MOINS SUR UNE PLAGE PREDETERMINEE DE LEUR MOUVEMENT, LES GRANDEURS D'ENTREE ELECTRIQUES DU MOTEUR 8 ETANT CONSTANTES. IL EST AINSI FACILE DE REGLER LA FORCE OU LE COUPLE A UNE VALEUR SOUHAITEE ET DE MAINTENIR CETTE VALEUR CONSTANTE.