baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1678509-A (CN)
Inventor: YOSHIHIRO KAMIMURA
IPC: B65H3/52
Filed: 2003-08-27
Abstract: 提供一种页分离送进装置(10)，即使在页供应时相互重叠的多页被强力地从页堆叠部分(4)推向分页辊(16)的情况下，其可防止由分页辊(16)引起的页双送进。该页分离送进装置包括：用于送出页的分页辊(16)，和分页垫(11)，该分页垫夹住在分页辊(16)和其之间的页，并将该页从其他页中分离，其中这里设置了止动杆(13A)，该止动杆设置在分页辊(16)和分页垫(11)之间的页送进面上的接触部分的两侧使得其能够进出，并且接收从页堆叠部分(4)插入的页。
Patent CN-1679031-A (CN)
Inventor: SHARMA MAHESH S
IPC: G06F17/50
Filed: 2003-07-16
Abstract: 本发明揭示了一种提取寄生电阻及电容值以便仿真一集成电路的性能的方法(200)、系统(100)及计算机程序产品。可识别一集成电路中的一选定数目的互连线路(204)(相关互连线路)。可修整其中包含该集成电路中一列表的晶体管的网表，其方式为在该网表中选择相关互连线路的驱动端上的各沟道连接区域中的那些晶体管、以及相关互连线路的接收端上的那些晶体管(205，206)。可提取被连接到这些相关互连线路的各布局层的寄生电阻及电容值(208)。然后可使这些提取的寄生电阻及电容值与被连接到该修整的网表中的那些布局层的晶体管相关联(209)。通过以前文所述的方式提取寄生电阻及电容值，即可进行计算较不繁复的RC提取，因而可使用较少的内存及处理能力。
Patent CN-1678932-A (CN)
Inventor: ANNIKA SOLEHAV
IPC: H01L31/02
Filed: 2003-08-29
Abstract: 一种光机接口装置包括光混合接头、适于容纳电子元件的电混合接头、用于使光混合接头和电混合接头互相固定以形成组合混合接头的接合夹具、上封装体部分和适于与上封装体拼合的下封装体部分。上封装体部分和下封装体部分的拼合至少部分封装了组合混合接头。该装置形成用于进行外部光连接的光机接口。
Patent CN-85103306-A (CN)
IPC: C12N1/02
Filed: 1985-04-30
Abstract: 制备基本上均质的重组成熟人体IL-2的方法，包含着把细胞膜成分从转化了的微生物的溶胞物中分离出来，该微生物表达和积累了IL-2，及由细胞膜成分中提取IL-2并对提取物用层析法进行纯化。
Patent CN-1049993-A (CN)
Title: 直流供电弧焊电源
Inventor: ZHENYING LIU
IPC: B23K9/10
Filed: 1990-09-22
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种弧焊电源，应用在手工电弧焊、
钨极氩弧焊、等离子弧焊等焊接、切割工艺中作为弧
焊电源。市场常见的弧焊电源是直接由交流电网供
电，对于只有直流电供电的场合不能使用，因此，我们
设计了一种直流供电弧焊电源，对该弧焊电源供直流
电，输出直流或交流电，供焊接电弧使用；箱体是由导
电导热材料制成的全密封结构，体积小，便于携带，尤
其适于水下、海上和野外作业、车船途中维修及停电
等场合。
Patent CN-1153435-A (CN)
Inventor: KIM IK-HYUN
IPC: H04M1/26
Filed: 1995-12-29
Abstract: 通信设备的一种重拨码法。该方法是先计算出在拨号时间输入的各数字输入的号码和各数字之间的等待时间，然后依次存储起来，再在有重拨键钮输入时按输入的时间间隔以数字单位的形式重拨所存储的号码。在输入时间输入的拨号键钮号码和拨号键钮输入时间都存入存储器中。然后当有重拨键钮输入时按拨号时同样的时间间隔进行重拨。这样，由于重拨操作是在各种不同的信息业务电话机或键钮电话机上进行，因而简化了麻烦的键钮操作。
Patent CN-1171529-A (CN)
Inventor: HOU TIANFENG
IPC: F16L55/02
Filed: 1996-07-18
Abstract: 一种能消除冰箱、冰柜等制冷系统中制冷剂经毛细管高压喷入蒸发器时产生噪声的消声器,由毛细管、蒸发器管及消声管构成,消声管一端与蒸发器管焊接,另一端缩口与扩有喇叭口的毛细管焊接。该消声器不但能消除制冷剂经毛细管高压喷入蒸发器时产生的噪声,而且结构简单,成本低,制别适合大批量生产。
Patent CN-1203711-A (CN)
Title: 用于数字电话用的回声消除系统
Inventor: HO D K-C
IPC: H04B7/005
Filed: 1996-11-25
Abstract: 一种用于通讯系统的回声消除系统。该系统包括一个自适应滤波器(34),该滤波器处理由语音解码器(30)重构的语音信号来产生回声估计值。该回声估计值被从在通讯链路中传播的包括回声的信号中减去来除去或至少减少回声噪声。自适应滤波器的抽头系数在误差信号和重构语音信号分量信号的基础上确立,其中的误差信号表示回声估计值与实际回声之间的差值。通过使用解相关滤波器(38),该信号分量被高度解相关使得自适应滤波器更快收敛并表现出提高的回声返回损耗改善。
Patent CN-1234710-A (CN)
Title: 正交跳频图重复使用方法
Inventor: DONT P W
IPC: H04B1/715
Filed: 1999-04-01
Abstract: 本文描述一种能够较好进行干扰平均化的跳频技术。具有相同跳频序列的信元以保证使该信元内的台选择不同的信道频率,而且在这些信元之间,干扰信号在跳跃之间变化的方式伪随机选择序列偏移。例如,这可以通过提供每个具有唯一标识符的台实现,该标识符可以结合伪随机数一起被使用以从分配给该信元的一组跳频序列中进行选择。
Patent CN-1267672-A (CN)
Title: 亚胺正离子型多肽缩合剂及其合成
Inventor: LI PENG
IPC: C07D249/18
Filed: 1999-03-18
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种亚胺正离子型多肽缩合剂及其合成。其分子通式为右式，其是由相应的酰胺首先在－30℃－0℃下与氯化试剂反应,然后在－10℃－－50℃下滴加稳定剂的有机溶剂后,再进一步与活化组分反应得到;该缩合剂无论在反应活性方面,还是在用于肽的合成时产品的消旋程度方面都远远优于目前已开发出的脲正离子和磷正离子型缩合剂,既能用于液相合成中也能用于固相合成中,而且合成简便,原料廉价易得,在室温下稳定,使用方便等诸多优点,可广泛应用于多肽酰胺、酯及活化酯的合成。
Patent CR-20150392-A (CR)
Title: Derivados de pirazol sustituidos con halógeno como agentes para el control de plagas
Inventor: MAUE MICHAEL
IPC: C07D403/04
Filed: 2015-07-28
Abstract: La presente solicitud se refiere a nuevos compuestos sustituidos con halógeno, a procesos para su preparación y a su uso para controlar plagas animales, en particular artrópodos y especialmente insectos, arácnidos y nematodos.
Patent CR-20170313-A (CR)
Title: Válvulas protésicas con valvas mécanicamente acopladas
Inventor: HARTMAN CODY L
IPC: A61F2/24
Filed: 2015-12-18
Abstract: Las modalidades descritas están dirigidas hacia dispositivos de válvula protésica de valva que se abren centralmente teniendo un marco de valva y una valva mecánicamente acoplada. Los marcos de valva descritos tienen proyecciones que se configuran para acoplar con aberturas ubicadas dentro de la región de inserción de valva de una valva. Algunas modalidades están dirigidas además hacia conductos valvulares pulmonares incorporando dicha valva y construcciones de marco de valva. También se describen métodos de hacer y usar dichos dispositivos de válvula protésica entre otros.
Patent CR-20200107-A (CR)
Title: Single side fastening system for identification placard for utility vault lids
Inventor: WATSON CHRISTOPHER M
IPC: H02G9/10
Filed: 2019-08-27
Abstract: A fastener for attaching an identification placard having a post to a lid for a utility vault from a single side of the lid, the fastener includes a body portion for positioning within a hole in the lid, the fastener having tabs for retaining the fastener to the lid and lobes for preventing over insertion of the fastener into the hole in the lid and a bore extending through or partially through the body portion for receipt of and friction retention and/or mechanical interlocking of the post of the identification placard.
Patent CR-20220030-A (CR)
Title: Hollow fiber membrane
Inventor: JULIUS MARK D
IPC: D01F1/08
Filed: 2020-06-23
Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to hollow fiber membranes prepared from a dope solution containing a polymer of vinyl chloride, such as chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, and a thermoplastic polyurethane.
Patent EC-SP045037-A (EC)
Title: Sistema de diagramación para transmición y recepción de multiples tipos de datos
IPC: H04N7/24
Filed: 2004-03-25
Abstract: Un emisor transmite los campos de los datos sucesivos, y cada campo de dato incluye una mezcla de segmentos de los datos VSB y los segmentos de los datos E-VSB y porciones intercaladas de los mapas. El mapa define las mezclas de los segmentos de los datos VSB y de los segmentos de los datos E-VSB en los correspondientes campos de los datos para ser transmitidos después que los mapas correspondientes son transmitidos. Antes de intercalar, los mapas son codificados. A un receptor, los mapas son des interpolados y decodificados para derivar la mezcla de los segmentos de los datos VSB y E- VSB definiendo cada uno de los campos de los datos. La intercalación y la des interpolación tienen una latencia combinada de por lo menos campos L. Los segmentos de los datos VSB y E-VSB de cada uno de los campos de los datos son separados en respuesta a los mapas des interpolados.
Patent EC-SP045063-A (EC)
Title: Formas de dosificacion, dispositivo y procedimientos de tratamiento
IPC: A61P33/14
Filed: 2004-04-15
Abstract: Un elemento de dosificación de liberación controlada adaptado para insertarse en y retenerse en el rumen de un animal rumiante, comprendiendo dicho elemento: a) una o más cantidades pequeñas y predeterminadas de al menos una primera formulación que comprende al menos un primer agente activo, estando dicha formulación adaptada para disolverse en los fluidos del rumen a una velocidad tal que la disolución de cada una de dichas una o más cantidades de la primera formulación proporciona un episodio en pulsos de liberación de dicho primer agente activo en el rumen; b) una o más cantidades predeterminadas de al menos una segunda formulación adaptada para disolverse a una velocidad controlada en los fluidos del rumen; en el que dichas una o más cantidades de la primera formulación se proporcionan en una o más localizaciones predeterminadas dentro del elemento respecto de dichas una o más cantidades de la segunda formulación para una o más liberaciones retardadas de al menos dicho primer agente activo en dicho rumen a tiempos predeterminados antes, durante y después, o cualquier combinación del mismo, de un periodo de tiempo extenso predeterminado definido por dicha segunda formulación; y c) opcionalmente, al menos una tercera formulación que se disuelve a una tercera velocidad de disolución en fluidos del rumen.
Patent EC-SP067066-A (EC)
Title: Aril y heteroaril derivados sustituidos como moduladores del metabolismo y la prevención y el tratamiento de trastornos relacionados
Inventor: JONES ROBERT M
IPC: C07D413/12
Filed: 2006-12-04
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a ciertos aril y heteroaril derivados sustituidos de Fórmula (I) que son moduladores del metabolismo. En consecuencia, los compuestos de la presente invención son útiles para el tratamiento de trastornos relacionados con el metabolismo y sus complicaciones, tales como diabetes y obesidad.
Patent EC-SP099402-A (EC)
Title: Convertidor de energia de las olas completamente sumergido
Inventor: GRASSI MICHELE
IPC: F03B13/20
Filed: 2009-06-11
Abstract: Un aparato convertidor de energía de las olas que comprende al menos dos miembros (1, 2) mutuamente conectados por medios conectores (4), móviles para permitir el desplazamiento mutuo de los miembros (1, 2) en respuesta a las olas en el agua donde el aparato está ubicado, el aparato además comprende medios de conversión de energía (6) para convertir el movimiento de los medios conectores (4) en energía eléctrica, y medios para almacenar y/o transportar a algún otro lugar la energía producida, caracterizándose el aparato por que los miembros (1, 2) son miembros no flotantes completamente sumergidos con lo que el aparato, de manera integral, tiene una flotabilidad neutral, se proveen medios para mantener la posición de cada uno de dichos miembros sumergidos esencialmente en reposo con respecto al agua circundante con la cual están en contacto directo, de modo que los miembros (1, 2) se moverán bajo la acción de las olas esencialmente del mismo modo que una partícula de agua sin perturbar colocada en la misma región, estando los al menos dos miembros sumergidos (1, 2) mutuamente espaciados por los medios conectores (4) a los efectos de asumir posiciones respectivas afectadas de manera diferente por el movimiento del agua inducido por las olas.
Patent FR-1600923-A (FR)
Title: Metal surface - treatment
IPC: D01F8/12
Filed: 1968-11-25
Granted: 1970-08-03
Abstract: Surface treatment of metals particularly iron and steel, using an aqueous acid solution on alkaline metal and/or of ammonium orthophosphate. At a pH between 3.0 and 5.5, by spraying under pressure at a manometric pumping pressure of approx. 10-75 atm.
Patent FR-1602319-A (FR)
Title: Elastomers esp sbr or epd rubbers stabilised to uv with
IPC: C08K5/526
Filed: 1968-12-08
Granted: 1970-11-09
Abstract: Elastomers (I) stabilised to UV radiation with 0.1-10 pts. (esp. 0.1-5 pts.) per 100 pts. rubber of a stabiliser compn. comprising (a) polymethylated muconic acids such as alpha,alpha'-dimethyl-, alpha,beta'-dimethyl-, alpha,alpha',beta-trimethyl-, alpha,beta,beta'-trimethyl- or alpha,alpha',beta,beta'-tetramethyl-muconic acids, or (b) alkali(e earth) salts of these, or (c) esters of these with C1-20 hydrocarbon grips., or (d) diesters with C1-20 hydrocarbon grp., or (e) mixtures of (a)-(d), or (f) mixtures of (a)-(e) with a phosphite ester (II) (II), where R = C1-12 alkyl. Examples of elastomers (I) are styrene-butadiene and ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene rubbers. Preferred stabilisers contain 0.25-9.75 pts. (a-e) and 9.75-0.25 pts. (f) per 100 pts. rubber. Preferred additives are the dimethyl ester of alpha,alpha'-dimethylmuconic acid and tris-4-nonylphenylphosphite (III). Alkali metal salts (b) are esp. useful for stabilising rubber latices.
Patent GB-1053636-A (GB)
IPC: E04F15/16
Abstract: 1,053,636. Floor coverings. RUBBERINDUSTRIE "VASTO" N.V. Feb. 25, 1964 [Oct. 8, 1963], No. 7772/64. Heading A4S. [Also in Divisions C3 and E1] A reversible covering, particularly for use on stable floors, comprises a rubber or like sheet or tile having projections formed as thickenings on the upper and lower surfaces, the projections on the upper surface being staggered with respect to those on the lower surface. The projections may be circular, square or polygonal &c. in outline and have domed or flat tops. The projections on one surface may differ in outline from those on the other surface.
Patent GB-1053799-A (GB)
IPC: H01Q1/12
Abstract: 1,053,799. Roofing tiles. G. R. MARTIN. Nov. 5, 1964 [Nov. 5, 1963], No. 45104/64. Heading E1B. [Also in Division H4] A means for mounting an aerial mast 10 on a sloping roof 5 of a building comprises a mounting member 1 having a base portion 2, with an undersurface 4 shaped to the roof, and arising therefrom a hollow tapering support portion 3 ending at the top with a hole through which the mast fits, the hole expanding to a slot at the bottom so that limited angular movement of the mast in the mounting member may be effected during erection to make it vertical. As described with reference to a corrugatediron roof a slot 31 is cut therein (using a paper templet) and the mounting member rests on a rubber sealing gasket 28 and is clamped by nuts 25, Fig. 2 (not shown) on screws 24 protruding from a backing plate 20 placed on the inside of the roof. The aerial rod passes through and its end is held in a T- clamp 36 through which runs a pipe 33, the ends of which are secured to ceiling joists 34. A screw 15, Fig. 2 (not shown) in the mounting member 1 is provided for finally fixing the aerial mast 10 when it is in position. The aerial lead 18 may be taken via a holding member 40 into the space 9 inside the mounting member 1 by way of a hole 17, a suitable grommet or length of plastics tubing 19 being provided for protection or, in a modification, Fig. 4 (not shown) a separate entry channel 42 may be provided. A watershield 37 of plastics material is fitted to the mast outside the mounting member by a clamping clip 39. In another embodiment, Figs. 5 to 9 (not shown), for an aerial mast passing through a slate or tile roof, the mounting member is fixed to a tile member 44 shaped generally to simulate a tile. Adjustable side pieces 51 are provided so that its width may be made equal to that of the tile it replaces and an aluminium flashing 63, which may be covered with a bitumenous laver finished with flakes of mica to simulate a tile or slate, prevents leakage of water. The tile member is clamped to the tiling battens by means of a clamp 55 comprising two angle members 56. The support member and other components may be made of aluminium finished on exposed surfaces with a suitable enamel coating. Means may be provided for rotating the mast, e.g., by interposing a ball race 77, Fig. 10 (not shown), inside the roof above the T-clamp 72. The ends of the pipe 33 may be secured to the roof structural members 82, Fig. 11 (not shown) by holding clips 80 as well as by through fixing screws 84.
Patent GB-1228294-A (GB)
IPC: E05G1/00
Filed: 1969-08-15
Abstract: 1,228,294. Safes; fastenings. W. TELEKY. 15 Aug., 1969, No. 41005/69. Headings E1A and E2A. A safe is provided with door frame members 20 slotted as at 21 to receive a removable door 17 having projecting flanges for insertion therein, operation of the locking bolt 28 effecting lateral movement of the door to prevent its removal. Two such safes may be provided on either side of a partition wall and bolted thereto, see Fig. 1 (not shown).
Patent GB-1229084-A (GB)
IPC: B23Q11/08
Filed: 1969-11-10
Abstract: 1,229,084. Chucks. METABOWERKE K.G. CLOSS, RAUCH & SCHNIZLER. 10 Nov., 1969 [23 Nov., 1968], No. 54865/69. Heading B3B. A drill chuck comprises a body 1 constituted by a core 2, a sleeve 4 and a guide ring 3 gripped therebetween, clamping jaws 5 which are axially and radially movable, an internally threaded rotatable sleeve 6, and a screw part 10 having a screw-threaded shank which meshes with the sleeve 6 and a head 11 which engage the clamping jaws 5 for transmitting motion thereto. Inside the drill body is an elastic sealing element 14 connected at one end to the head 11 and at its other end to the inside of the guide ring 3 to prevent dirt getting to the screw threads and a thrust bearing 7. The sealing element engages in channels on the head 11 and ring 3 to provide a hermetic seal. A recess 17 accommodates the collapsed bellows of the sealing element when the jaws 5 are fully open. Holes 18 in the core 2 allow egress for dirt. A manual drive collar 19 is provided on the sleeve 6.
Patent GB-1232813-A (GB)
IPC: G03F1/90
Filed: 1968-02-22
Abstract: 1,232,813. Printed circuits. MARCONI CO. Ltd. 14 Aug., 1968 [22 Feb., 1968], No. 8700/68. Heading H1R. [Also in Division G2] A photographic master plate used in the manufacture of a printed circuit is formed by fixing pieces of a material 4, 5 representing the desired circuit pattern on a surface 1 provided with positioning marks 2, the marks 2 being of a different colour to the pieces of material and photographing the lay out through a colour filter so that the marks 2 do not appear on the resultant master plate. The sheet 1 of film material carrying blue positioning marks 2 in the form of rows and columns of regularly spaced concave sided tetragons is formed photographically together with regularly spaced black annular markings 3 representing terminal pads or plated through holes if a number of similar printed circuits are to be produced. Further annular pads 4 and strips 5 of black crepe tape are then stuck in the required position corresponding to the printed circuit pattern using the guide marks 2 to accurately position the black crepe. The lay out is then photographed through a blue filter to filter out guide marks 2. Other markings representing corner markers, scale reduction markers and etching control markers may be formed. The photograph is used to provide a plurality of negatives for forming printed circuits by a photo-etch process.
Patent GB-1233091-A (GB)
IPC: F04B53/16
Filed: 1968-05-06
Abstract: 1,233,091. Reciprocating pumps. P. W. SCHLOSSER. May 6, 1968 [Sept.28, 1967], No.21301/68. Heading F1A. The rod 22 of a pump piston is sealed to the outer end of the cylinder by a seal 19 and the pump piston 40 has passages 45 therethrough which are arranged to be open to permit flow between the front and back of the piston on the suction stroke and to be closed on the pressure stroke.
Patent GB-1239095-A (GB)
IPC: F27D15/02
Filed: 1969-07-01
Abstract: 1,239,095. Cooling granular &c. materials. POLYSIUS A.G. 1 July, 1969 [9 Aug., 1968; 23 May, 1969], No. 33167/69. Heading F4B. Fired or sintered material 5 from a furnace drops into a trough 6 formed between a well 4 having air ports 8 and the initially sloping section 2 of the upper run of a cooling grate 1. Pressure air leaves the individually controlled ports 8 at 20-100 metres per second, and, following the path shown by arrows 12 and 14, is used as preheated combustion air in the furnace. Other cooling air supplied through the horizontal section 3 of the upper run of the grate is vented at 16.
Patent GB-1239464-A (GB)
IPC: F16L21/02
Filed: 1968-09-19
Abstract: 1,239,464. Pipe joints. J. LINGL. 19 Sept., 1968 [29 Nov., 1967], No. 44573/68. Heading F2G. Pipe ends are joined by a coupling sleeve 1 having axially-spaced annular channels 2 each receiving a U-shaped sealing ring 3 provided with a plurality of annular ribs on its inner periphery, each channel and ring defining an annular cavity adapted to receive through a hole 4 a fluid mixture of cement and aluminium powder which expands on setting to urge the sealing rings against the pipe ends. Projections 5 internally of the sleeve locate the pipe ends.
Patent GB-1251586-A (GB)
IPC: B65G17/06
Filed: 1969-08-08
Abstract: 1,251,586. Load-handling pallets. SIMON HANDLING ENGS. Ltd. 21 July, 1970 [8 Aug., 1969], No. 39819/69. Heading B8H. To avoid deformation of side members 11 when a loaded platen runs on roller tracks which are not at precisely the same level, resilient pads 12 of felt or other flexible material are provided between the members 11 and a plate 10. In a modification, Fig. 5, the plate 10 is supported by a rigid peripheral framework 20.
Patent GB-1251729-A (GB)
IPC: C07D513/04
Filed: 1969-04-18
Abstract: 1,251,729. 3-Phenyl imidazo-thiazole and thiazolo-pyrimidines. SANDOZ Ltd. 18 April, 1969 [15 May, 1968], No. 19824/69. Heading C2C. Novel compounds of the formula in which the R's, which may be the same or different, each signify H, F, Cl or C 1-5  alkyl radicals, n is 2 or 3 and either A denotes H and B denotes OH, or A and B together denote a carbon to carbon bond may be obtained (a) by treating a 2,4-dihalo-butyrophenone of Formula III with a 1,3-alkylene thiourea of Formula II in the presence of a solvent to yield a compound of Formula I in which A is H and B is OH, in the form of an HX acid addition salt, where X is Br or Cl, (b) by dehydrating a compound of Formula I in which A is H and B is OH, which may be in free base or acid addition salt form, by treatment with an acid to yield a compound of Formula I wherein A and B together denote a carbon-carbon bond, in the form of an acid addition salt. The acid addition salts may be converted to free bases in conventional manner. Starting materials of Formula III may be formed in situ by halogenating a corresponding 4-chlorobutyrophenone. Pharmaceutical compositions having antidepressant activity and (when n=2) anorexigenic activity, comprise compounds of Formula I above, in the form of the free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, in forms suitable for oral or parenteral administration.
Patent GB-1253175-A (GB)
IPC: B60Q1/26
Filed: 1970-07-24
Abstract: 1,253,175. Road traffic signals on vehicles. FAUSTO CARELLO & C. S.p.A. 24 July, 1970 [1 Aug., 1969], No. 35976/70. Heading G4Q. The rear direction indicator flasher lamps 10, 10<SP>1</SP> are connected in series with resistors 11, 11<SP>1</SP> shunted by contacts 12a, 12<SP>1</SP>a controlled by a relay 12, the relay circuit including a contact of a switch 13b which is closed when it is required to illuminate the parking lights 14. On operation of the direction indicator switch 7 the left or right-hand indicator lamps 8, 9, 10 or 81, 9<SP>1</SP>, 101 are flashed by the unit 5 connected to a battery 1. In daylight the switch 13b is open, relay 12 is not energized and contacts 12a, 12<SP>1</SP>a are closed so that full battery voltage, e.g. 12V, is applied to the lamp 10 or 10<SP>1</SP>. When switch 13b is closed the relay 12 is connected in parallel with a lamp 10 or 10<SP>1</SP> through a diode 18 or 18<SP>1</SP>. The relay is calibrated so that it requires about 8 volts for it to operate and open contacts 12a, 12<SP>1</SP>a. Thus 8 volts must appear across the lamp 10 or 10<SP>1</SP> before the resistor 11 or 11<SP>1</SP> is connected in series. This voltage builds up during a time interval in which the lamp filament warms up and thus ensures that the resistor is not connected too soon whereby the lamp filament would be too cold to emit a flash. In another embodiment (Fig. 3, not shown), the brake signal lamp has a series resistor controlled by a relay connected in parallel with that lamp and operating similarly to the relay 12.