Patent GB-819035-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in process for preparing mixed nonionic-anionic emulsifiers
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1956-01-31
Abstract: (1) A process of preparing a mixed non-ionic anionic emulsifier comprises neutralizing an alkyl aryl sulphonic acid containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or a sulphated hydroxy compound containing at least one hydrocarbon chain having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with an inorganic base, usually an alkaline earth or alkali metal base including lithium and magnesium, in the presence of a non-ionic surface-active agent which is a partial fatty acid ester, which fatty acid contains at least 12 carbon atoms, of a polyhydric alcohol or a polyoxyethylene ether of a compound containing a hydrophobe hydrocarbon radical.  (2) Non-ionic surface-active agents mentioned include fatty acid partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as the lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic and tall oil partial esters of glycerol, the hexitols or anhydrides thereof and the products obtained by etherifying such partial esters with ethylene oxide, the fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene glycols and of hexitol polyoxyethylene ethers, e.g. polyoxyethylene glycol stearate and laurate and the hexaoleate of sorbitol polyoxyethylene esters containing 40 to 50 oxyethylene groups per mol., alcohol ethers of polyoxyethylene glycols derived from alcohols containing at least 12 carbon atoms, e.g. polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol, alkyl phenol of nonyl phenol polyglycol ethers, polyoxyethylene ethers of higher alkyl mercaptans, polyoxyethylene derivatives of aliphatic amines having at least 12 carbon atoms and polyoxyethylene derivatives of aliphatic amines having at least 12 carbon atoms.  (3) The anionic components of the emulsifiers produced by the process are sodium octadecyl benzene sulphonate, calcium dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate, the sodium salt of sulphated castor oil and potassium lauryl sulphate, alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonic acids containing from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and calcium and magnesium salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid.ALSO:A process of preparing a mixed nonionicanionic emulsifier comprises neutralizing an alkyl aryl sulphonic acid containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or a sulphated hydroxy compound containing at least one hydrocarbon chain having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms with an inorganic base in the presence of a nonionic surface active agent which is a partial fatty acid ester, which fatty acid contains at least 12 carbon atoms, of a polyhydric alcohol or a polyoxyethylene ether of a compound containing a hydrophobe hydrocarbon radical.  Nonionic surface-active agents mentioned include fatty acid partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as the lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic and tall oil partial esters of glycerol, the hexitols or anhydrides thereof and the products obtained by etherifying such partial esters with ethylene oxide, the fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene glycols and the fatty acid esters of hexitol polyoxyethylene ethers, e.g. polyoxyethylene glycol stearate and laurate and the hexaoleate of sorbitol polyoxyethylene ethers containing 40 to 50 oxyethylene groups per mol., alcohol ethers of polyoxyethylene glycols derived from alcohols containing at least 12 carbon atoms, e.g. polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol, alkyl phenol polyglycol ethers, polyoxyethylene ethers of higher alkyl mercaptans, polyoxyethylene derivatives of aliphatic amines having at least 12 carbon atoms and polyoxyethylene derivatives of aliphatic amines having at least 12 carbon atoms.  Among the anionic components of the emulsifier produced by the process are sodium octadecyl benzene sulphonate, calcium dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate, calcium polydecyl benzene sulphonate, barium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, ammonium dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate, the sodium salt of sulphated castor oil and potassium lauryl sulphate, alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonic acids containing from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and calcium and magnesium salts of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid. Emulsifying agents are obtained in examples when dodecyl benzene is sulphonated with oleum, trimethyl benzene and water are added to the reacted mixture, the trimethyl benzene solution of the sulphonic acid is separated, mixed with a polyoxyethylene ether of sorbitan monotall oil ester containing 16 oxyethylene groups per mol., a lime slurry is added to the mixture, diatomaceous earth is added and the mixture filtered, and the filtrate is stripped to remove water and part of the trimethyl benzene; optionally part of the lime slurry is added to the sulphonated product before the anionic surface active agent (1); in a similar process the hexaoleate of sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether containing 50 oxyethylene groups per mol. is employed as surface active agent (2); in a similar process to (1) dinonyl naphthalene is employed as starting material (3); in a similar process castor oil is sulphated in the first step (4) and in a similar process lauryl alcohol is sulphated with sulphur trioxide vapour at a concentration of 10 per cent in air, in the first stage. Additional examples relate to the neutralization of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid with calcium hydroxide in the presence of oxyethylene lauryl alcohol (6); oxyethylene nonyl phenol (7); oxyethylene castor oil (8); the oxyethylene ether of sorbitan mono tall oil ester (9); glycerol monooleate (14); oxyethylene tallow fatty amine (15); the hexaoleate of sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether (16); with lithium hydroxide 10), magnesium hydroxide (11), ammonium hydroxide (12) and barium hydroxide (13) in the presence of oxyethylene ether of sorbitan mono tall oil ester and in the neutralization of castor oil sulphate with magnesium hydroxide in the presence of an oxyethylene ether of sorbitan mono tall oil ester (17).  The proportions of ethylene oxide in the non-ionic emulsifiers in Examples (6)-(17) are stated and range from 4 to 40 mols. per mol. of emulsifier.