baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202332897-A (TW)
Inventor: SEIWERT HEINRICH JOHANNES
IPC: G01N21/31
Filed: 2022-09-20
Abstract: The present application discloses an apparatus for measuring the concentration of ozone within a fluid and includes a conduit defining at least one passage therein, the conduit has at least one reflective coating selective applied thereto and defining one or more transmission regions on the conduit, a multi-wavelength light source system having at least one light source configured to direct at least one optical signal having a first wavelength through an ozonated fluid within the conduit and at least one UV light source configured to direct at least one UV optical signal having a second wavelength band through the ozonated fluid wherein the optical signal and the UV optical signal traverse through the conduit along different optical paths via at least one reflection from the reflective coating applied to the conduit, and at least one detector positioned proximate to the transmission regions formed on the conduit.
Patent TW-202334056-A (TW)
Inventor: GUO XIAOJU
IPC: C03C21/00
Filed: 2022-10-04
Abstract: A glass composition includes greater than or equal to 60 mol% to less than or equal to 66 mol% SiO2, greater than or equal to 14 mol% to less than or equal to 16 mol% Al2O3, greater than or equal to 7 mol% to less than or equal to 9 mol% Li2O, greater than or equal to 4 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% Na2O, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 3 mol% P2O5, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol% to less than or equal to 6 mol% B2O3; and greater than 0 mol% to less than or equal to 1 mol% TiO2. The glass composition may have a fracture toughness of greater than or equal 0.75 MPa√m. A glass composition includes SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, Na2O, P2O5, and B2O3, wherein a molar ratio of Li2O/Na2O is greater than or equal to 1.2 to less than or equal to 2.0, the glass has a liquidus viscosity in the range from greater than or equal to 50 kP to less than or equal to 75 kP, and the glass has a KIC fracture toughness greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa.m<SP>0.5</SP>. The glass composition is chemically strengthenable. The glass composition may be used in a glass-based article or a consumer electronic product.
Patent TW-202327109-A (TW)
Title: 半導體裝置結構
Inventor: TU WEN-CHIUNG
IPC: H01L29/92
Filed: 2022-10-14
Abstract: 根據本揭露的一種裝置結構包括金屬-絕緣體-金屬(MIM)疊層，金屬-絕緣體-金屬疊層包括與複數個絕緣層交錯的複數個導體板層。金屬-絕緣體-金屬疊層包括第一區域以及第二區域，且第一區域以及第二區域在第三區域中重疊。金屬-絕緣體-金屬疊層更包括第一通孔、第二通孔、以及接地通孔，第一通孔穿過第一區域且電耦接至複數個導體板層的第一子集，第二通孔穿過第二區域且電耦接至複數個導體板層的第二子集，接地通孔穿過第三區域且電耦接至複數個導體板層的第三子集。
Patent TW-202323228-A (TW)
Title: Radiation-sensitive resin composition, pattern formation method, method for manufacturing substrate, and compound
Inventor: NEMOTO RYUICHI
IPC: C07C25/18
Filed: 2022-11-22
Abstract: Provided are: a radiation-sensitive resin composition that can be formed into a resist film having satisfactory levels of sensitivity and CDU performance even when a next-generation technology is applied; and a pattern formation method. The radiation-sensitive resin composition contains a compound A represented by formula (I). [Chemical 1] (In the formula, R1 is a (m+m')-valent organic group and has a cyclopropane ring skeleton, a cyclobutane ring skeleton, or both. X1 is a group represented by formula (1-1) or a group represented by formula (1-2). X2 is a group represented by formula (2-1) or a group represented by formula (2-2). Y+ is a monovalent onium cation. m is an integer of 1-2. m' is an integer of 0-1.) [Chemical 2] (In the formula, * represents a bond with another group.) The radiation-sensitive resin composition also contains a resin B including a structural unit having an acid-dissociable group, a radiation-sensitive acid generator other than the compound A, and a solvent.
Patent TW-202331728-A (TW)
Inventor: HE YOU-XIN
IPC: G11C16/10
Filed: 2022-12-28
Abstract: A method includes: according to programming data to program a first page and a second page of an NAND flash memory device, so that data stored in the first page and the second page are redundant. The method of performing a program for the first page and the second page includes: a plurality of programming operations by using a plurality of programming voltages; a plurality of verify operations to determine whether a programmed memory unit of the first page has a threshold voltage according to the programming data. The method further includes: determining completion of programming of the first page and the second page according to a returning result of each verification operation of the plurality of verification operations; after the determination, a read operation of the second page is performed to self-verify the data stored on the second page.
Patent TW-202336747-A (TW)
Title: Low-dropout regulator
Inventor: WU CHIA-LUNG
IPC: G11C5/14
Filed: 2023-01-06
Abstract: A low-dropout voltage regulator is provided. The error amplifier generates first and second control currents according to the output voltage and a reference voltage. The high-side driver is coupled between the error amplifier and a control terminal of the high-side switch, and provides a high-side driving current according to the first and second control currents. The high-side current sensor is coupled to the high-side switch and generates a high-side sense current. The high-side driving voltage adjustment circuit is coupled to the control terminal of the high-side switch and receives a high-side sense current to adjust a driving voltage of the high-side switch. A low-side switch is coupled between the output terminal and the ground terminal. The low-side driver is coupled between the error amplifier and the control terminal of the low-side switch, and provides a low-side driving current according to the first and second control currents.
Patent TW-202331329-A (TW)
Inventor: PRINCE SIMON
IPC: G02B7/09
Filed: 2020-12-24
Abstract: 一種方法包括：使用物鏡和第一反射表面將第一自動聚焦光導向感測器，第一自動聚焦光從基板的第一表面反射；防止第二自動聚焦光到達感測器，第二自動聚焦光從基板的第二表面反射；以及使用物鏡和第二反射表面將發射光導向感測器，該發射光源自基板處的樣品。
Patent TW-202331972-A (TW)
Inventor: KELLY MICHAEL
IPC: H01L23/488
Filed: 2016-04-14
Abstract: Methods and systems for a semiconductor package with high routing density routing patch are disclosed and may include a semiconductor die bonded to a substrate and a high routing density patch bonded to the substrate and to the semiconductor die, wherein the high routing density patch comprises a denser trace line density than the substrate. The high routing density patch can be a silicon-less-integrated module (SLIM) patch, comprising a BEOL portion, and can be TSV-less. Metal contacts may be formed on a second surface of the substrate. A second semiconductor die may be bonded to the substrate and to the high routing density patch. The high routing density patch may provide electrical interconnection between the semiconductor die. The substrate may be bonded to a silicon interposer. The high routing density patch may have a thickness of 10 microns or less. The substrate may have a thickness of 10 microns or less.
Patent UA-38333-A (UA)
Title: Powdered improver "novo-extra plus"
Filed: 2000-06-23
Abstract: The invention relates to baking industry and can be used as an improver of the bread quality while processing wheat dough of superweak gluten. A powdered improver contains wheat flour, ascorbic acid, enzymatic preparations, an emulsifying agent used in the powdered state. Glucoamylaze and glucooxidase are used as enzymes.
Patent UA-42172-A (UA)
Title: method for wiredrawing
Inventor: TARATUTA KOSTIANTYN VASYLIOVYCH
Filed: 2000-08-07
Abstract: A method for wiredrawing includes vibration loading of wire during its drawing through two dies, which is carried out by giving the wire of circular vibrations relative to the line of drawing. The invention relates to the production of wire on drawbenches and it can be used for drawing in the mode of hydrodynamic friction.
Patent UA-42594-A (UA)
Title: Apparatus for manufacturing macaroni products
Inventor: Levakov Volodymyr Yukhymovych
Filed: 2001-04-18
Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing macaroni products includes a driver, a bearing welded housing, a turning bunker made with possibility of rotation around horizontal axis, in which a mixer for mixing dough components is located, an immovable bunker, in which a mixer for dough kneading is located, an extrusion barrel in which a screw worm is located, a matrix, a cutting unit with detachable knives which is connected to the electric drive and is made with possibility of rotation. The turning bunker is embedded inside the immovable bunker and is made with possibility of overturn by 180 .
Patent UA-47694-A (UA)
Title: Apparatus for hand development and learning to write
Inventor: Bihar Vasyl Mikhailovych
Filed: 2001-07-23
Abstract: Apparatus for hand development and learning to write has a generator, audio-frequency generator, light indicator, rectifier, amplifier, control unit, pen-contact. As a current-conducting pattern graphite pencil track is used. Back coupling for the generator takes place through a capacitor being formed by the current-conducting plate and graphite pencil track on a sheet of paper placed on the current-conducting plate. Rectifier, amplifier and control unit are connected in series. Light indicator and sound frequency generator are connected to the control unit, and the pen-contact and current-conducting plate are connected to the generator inputs.
Patent UA-47168-A (UA)
Inventor: Tretiak Kornyliy Romanovych
Filed: 2001-08-14
Abstract: The proposed method for determining elevations of geodetic kinematical network points involves performing several cycles of measuring the elevations of the network points. Within each measuring cycle, the instruments for geodetic leveling survey are installed at the network points and other points required for the survey, the relative elevations of the network points are measured by leveling, and then the true elevations are determined.
Patent UA-53060-A (UA)
Title: Method of reduction of welding deformations and forces
Inventor: HEDROVYCH ANATOLII IVANOVYCH
Filed: 2002-02-25
Abstract: Method of reduction of welding deformations and forces, at which in a product, behind a welding bath, is created a temperature gradient on cross section of welded connection in the direction normal from axis of a weld, by cooling a weld in process of welding before complete cooling of a product in cross section. Thus the edges of the product before welding are fixed on borders of a zone of plastic deformations. Cooling of a site of influence zone is carried out within the limits from a line fusion of weld with basic metal to pressing devices, which are fixed at a distance L from the weld determined by necessity of elimination of deformation of connection from the plane (of angular deformation).
Patent UA-51524-A (UA)
Inventor: TURCHENKO DMYTRO KUZMYCH
Filed: 2002-04-30
Abstract: 牐捯獥楳杮氠湩⁥潦⁲牴慥浴湥⁴景瀠汯敹桴汹湥瑥牥灥瑨污瑡⁥湡⁤潰祬牵瑥慨敮映慯⁭慷瑳⁥潦⁲牰摯捵楴湯漠⁦慲⁷慭整楲污映牯洠湡晵捡畴敲漠⁦潰祬牵瑥慨敮映慯⁭潣瑮楡獮攠畱灩敭瑮映牯猠潴慲敧‬煥極浰湥⁴潦⁲慷桳湩⁧湡⁤牤楹杮‬煥極浰湥⁴潦⁲慷瑳⁥牧湩楤杮⼠挠畲桳湩Ⱨ朠祬潣祬楳⁳敲捡潴Ⱳ瘠獥敳⁬潦⁲敲条湥獴眠瑩⁨異灭⁳湡⁤慢捴敨獲‬敶獳汥⁳潦⁲瑳牯条⁥景漠瑢楡敮⁤牰摯捵獴漠⁦汧捹汯獹獩‬異灭⁳潦⁲異灭湩⁧景漠瑢楡敮⁤牰摯捵獴漠⁦汧捹汯獹獩愠摮攠畱灩敭瑮映牯焠慵楬祴愠慮祬楳⁳景漠瑢楡敮⁤牰摯捵⹴吠敨漠灰牯畴楮祴漠⁦牰摯捵楴湯漠⁦牰摯捵⁴潦⁲畳獢煥敵瑮洠湡晵捡畴敲漠⁦⁡楷敤猠数瑣畲⁭景瀠汯畹敲桴湡⁥潦浡愠瑲捩敬⁳獩瀠潲楶敤⁤楷桴椠瑮潲畤瑣潩⁮景琠敨攠畱灩敭瑮映牯猠灵汰⁹湡⁤敲楣捲汵瑡潩⁮景搠瑥牥敧瑮氠煩極Ɽ映物瑳挠湯牴汯戠潬正愠摮攠畱灩敭瑮映牯瀠潲畤瑣潩⁮景挠浯潰敮瑮⁳潦⁲潰祬牵瑥慨敮映慯⁭潣瑮楡楮杮愠瘠獥敳⁬潦⁲慢敳瀠汯潹ⱬ瘠獥敳獬映牯愠摤瑩癩獥‬慢捴敨獲‬浡污慧慭潴⁲景琠敨愠摤瑩癩獥‬煥極浰湥⁴潦⁲牰灥牡瑡潩⁮湡⁤慢捴楨杮漠⁦祤獥‬敲捡潴⁲楷桴眠楥桧⁴慢捴楨杮‬敳潣摮挠湯牴汯戠潬正漠⁦整档潮潬楧慣⁬牰捯獥ⱳ瘠獥敳獬映牯猠潴慲敧漠⁦楦楮桳摥瀠潲畤瑣‬異灭⁳湡⁤敤楶散映牯瀠畯楲杮漠⁦楦楮桳摥瀠潲畤瑣椠⁮桳灩楰杮瘠獥敳獬മഊഊഊഊ
Patent UA-49781-A (UA)
Title: Method for reprocessing multicomponent waste of used electric cables and leads
Inventor: HONCHARENKO VOLODYMYR IVANOVYCH
Filed: 2002-07-24
Abstract: The proposed method for reprocessing multicomponent waste of used electric cables and leads consists in comminuting the waste with mechanical tools and separating the waste components. For removing the cable sheath, the cable shell is at first cut and removed. The parts of the cable sheet are removed and placed into a separate container, and then the cable wire sheath is cut, removed, and placed into a separate container. The lower sheaths are cut over the cable length, removed, sorted, and placed into a separate container. The insulation from the cable phase conductors is removed after pressing the conductors between rollers with the varied gap.
Patent RS-20050766-A (RS)
Title: Construction of windows and doors of multichamber  pvc profiles
Inventor: CICKA JANO
IPC: E06B1/00
Filed: 2005-10-11
Abstract: Construction of windows and doors of multichamber PVC profiles, where by gluing, cut under the angle of 45 DEG, profiles (1) are achieved as the following a frame (0) and inside it vertically set profiles (3) a prop (S) is formed. Vertically set profile (4) makes a fake prop (LS), while the casements (K) and hinges (8) are rotary fixed to the frame (O) and the prop (S). Casements (4) are achieved by gluing the profile (2) cut under the angle of 45 DEG. Inside the casements (K) over a pad (6) there are thermopan glasses (7) inserted, which from one side lean onto the packing (9) of the profile (2), and from the other side are fixed by a lath (5) which by means of its protrusion (53) is fixed in a groove (25) of the profile (2), and by means of its packing (9) leans onto the thermopan glass (7).
Patent AP-1413-A (AP)
Title: Rescorcinol composition.
Inventor: COLLINGTON ERIC WILLIAM
IPC: A61K8/03
Filed: 2000-03-14
Granted: 2005-03-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a resorcinol derivative as a skin lightening agent.
Patent AP-1712-A (AP)
Title: Novel tiotropium-containing inhalation powder
Inventor: BECHTOLD-PETERS KAROLINE
IPC: A61K9/14
Filed: 2001-09-28
Granted: 2007-01-24
Abstract: The invention relates to tiotropium-containing powdery preparations to be inhaled, to methods for producing them and to the use thereof in the production of medicaments for treating respiratory diseases, especially for treating COPD(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma.
Patent EE-200200110-A (EE)
Inventor: HEIL WOLFGANG
IPC: A61K31/567
Filed: 2000-08-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a multiple-phase pharmaceutical preparation consisting of a number of separately packaged and individually removable daily dosage units placed in a packaging unit and intended for oral administration for a period of at least 21 consecutive days, wherein said daily dosage unit comprises a natural estrogen, such as estradiol in an amount of from 0.5 mg to 4 mg, and 2 to 4 mg of drospirenone, and wherein at least 70% of said drospirenone is dissolved from said dosage unit within 30 minutes, as determined by USP XXIII Paddle Method II using water at 37°C as the dissolution media and 50 rpm as the stirring rate.
Patent GB-189701666-A (GB)
Title: Portable Drum-insertion for the Revolving Drums of Centrifugal Apparatus, and the Mode of Operating therewith.
Inventor: SCHROEDER JULIUS
Filed: 1897-01-21
Granted: 1897-11-20
Abstract: 1666. Schroeder, J. Jan. 21. Baskets or drums, portable insertion, for use in the manufacture of sugar. Two rings 1, 2 are held together by standards 3 and wedges 4. Leaves 7 are inserted between these rings in the grooves 6 to divide up the sugar into slabs or blocks, s, which are clarified &c. as usual. Wedge plates 11 near the standards 3 are removable to loosen the blocks. The insertion is held in the drum by a ring and bayonetjoint and is lifted out by the chains &c. shown.
Patent GB-189712925-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Furniture Castors.
Inventor: THOMPSON WILLIAM PHILLIPS
Filed: 1897-05-25
Granted: 1897-07-17
Abstract: 12,925. Thompson, W. P., [Seifert, A. C. D.]. May 25. Castors.-Relates to vertically-adjustable castors. The bush or socket b carries a radially - toothed obliquefaced flange a engaging with a bevel - wheel d, which is mounted eccentrically, and may turn on a stud on the fork shank c. In the posi tion of the parts shown, vertical adjustment may be effected by turning the castor round in the socket b. By adjusting the parts so that the smallest radius of the wheel d engages the lowest point of the flange a, no vertical adjustment occurs on turning the castor, which then acts in the ordinary way. The wheel d may be replaced by a simple pin on the shank, arranged to engage the teeth of the flange a. In another form, a toothed piece on the shank, corresponding to and engaging with a toothed piece a, is employed. The roller f may have a tread of rubber secured by dovetailing, or by means of a set of tongues and grooves.
Patent GB-189716570-A (GB)
Title: Mounting Window and like Prism Lights by carrying the Metal of the Prism Frame into or about Grooves or Projections on the Prisms.
Inventor: EWEN JOHN MEIGGS
Filed: 1897-07-13
Granted: 1897-09-04
Abstract: 16,570. Ewen, J. M. July 13. Glazing windows. -Recesses C, grooves D, D', and projections C<1> are formed in or on the edges of the prism plates to receive and interlock with metal, preferably deposited by the electro-glazing process.
Patent GB-189717542-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Treatment of Ores.
Inventor: HYMAN DAVID MAX
Filed: 1897-07-26
Granted: 1898-02-26
Abstract: 17,542. Hyman, D. M. July 26. Drawings to Specification. Separating or sorting ores.- Ores, such as those of lead and zinc, are crushed to the size of the smallest crystal of the mineral having the greatest specific gravity, and then treated for separation and concentration.
Patent GB-189718123-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with Saddle Supports for Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
Inventor: HEYL HENRY RENNO
Filed: 1897-08-03
Granted: 1897-09-18
Abstract: 18,123. Heyl, H. R. Aug. 3. Saddle supports; mounting and dismounting, f a c i l itating.-The saddle 2 for bicycles and other vehicles may be attached in the usual way to the saddle post 3, which is secured to the upper end of a tube 4 fitted within the tube 5 of the frame. The seat is held in its raised position by a coiled spring 6, and may be locked in that position by toggle-levers 7 which are released, when desired, by means of a lever 16 and chain 17 connected to an arm 14 on the lower part of the levers. The upper ends of the toggle-levers are connected to a bracket 9 adjustably fixed to the sliding tube 4. When the saddle has been depressed to its lowest position, it may be locked by a catch on the arm 14, arranged to engage with a plate on the bracket 9.
Patent GB-189720082-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Method of and Compound for Treating Lighting Oils.
Inventor: MCKEE JAMES
Filed: 1897-09-01
Granted: 1898-07-02
Abstract: 20,082. McKee, J. Sept. 1. Lamp oils.-A mixture of naphthalene, camphor, and salt in suitable proportions is dissolved in lighting-oils, in order to increase the luminosity of the flame, to destroy the smell and smoke, and to render the oil non-explosive.
Patent GB-189721704-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Secondary Electric Batteries or Accumulators.
Inventor: HART SAMUEL WALTER
Filed: 1897-09-22
Granted: 1897-11-20
Abstract: 21,704. Hart, S. W. Sept. 22. Secondary batteries. - The grid, as shown in elevation in Fig. 1 and in vertical section in Fig. 2, is formed with cells d in rows facing alternately in opposite directions and backed with a lattice arrangement b, c. In casting the grid the parts l project at right-angles from the plate, and are subsequently turned down to form claws to aid in holding the active material in place.
Patent GB-189722406-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Joints for Vehicle-frames.
Inventor: POPE ALBERT AUGUSTUS
Filed: 1897-09-30
Granted: 1897-11-20
Abstract: 22,406. Pope, A. A. Sept. 30. Joints, tubular. Relates to bicycle and other vehicle frames composed of tubular or solid members connected by brackets or lugs. The ends of the tubes &c. a and the sockets b<1> of the lugs bare threaded and connected together by screw coupling- sleeves c. The sleeves c are preferably provided with right and left hand threads, and they are turned by means of rings d which have projections d<2> engaging longitudinal slots in the sleeves. The overhanging flanges of the rings d serve to cover the joints. The members and brackets or lugs forming a frame may be readily connected together or taken apart.
Patent GB-189726191-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Process of Deodorizing Oils and Fatty Substances.
Inventor: CULMANN CHARLES
Filed: 1897-11-10
Granted: 1898-01-08
Abstract: 26,191. Culmann, C. Nov. 10. Fats and fatty oils.-In order to deodorize fat or fatty oil, it is mixed with a proportion of a concentrated solution of alum or of other body having an acid reaction, and is treated for some time with superheated steam, condensation being prevented by external heating. The offensive matter is stated to be partly carried away by the steam, and the remainder separated as a gluey substance.
Patent GB-189728200-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Thrust Bearings for Propeller Shafts.
Inventor: COOK OREN FRITZELLO
Filed: 1897-11-30
Granted: 1898-01-01
Abstract: 28,200. Cook, O. F. Nov. 30. Thrust bearings for propeller shafts. The collar 13 rotates within a casing 4 provided with stuffing- boxes through which the shaft passes. The walls of the casing are recessed so that an enclosed chamber 14 is formed when the thrust brings the collar against-one side of the casing. Oil is driven into this chamber by the pump 18 operated by the eccentric 16. After being forced between the surfaces of the collar and chamber the oil returns through the pipe 24 to the tank 19. The pipes 21, 22 are controlled by cocks 23 one of which is opened when going ahead and the other when going astern.
Patent GB-189729638-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Device for Securing Window Sashes, and the like.
Inventor: WILKINSON HENRY
Filed: 1897-12-14
Granted: 1898-06-25
Abstract: 29,638. Wilkinson, H. Dec. 14. Sash fastenings. - A lever a is pivoted in a swivelling bracket b on the upper sash and can be turned to engage a catch d on the lower sash to fasten the sashes. The lever is secured, and the sashes prevented from rattling by a screw e in the turned-down end a<1> of the lever, bearing against a curved plate f. A slot g is provided in the upper sash to receive the end a<1> when the lever is disengaged.
Patent GB-189730732-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Combined Adjustable Spanner or Wrench and Screwdriver.
Inventor: FALK JOHANN GEORG
Filed: 1897-12-29
Granted: 1898-10-29
Abstract: 30,732. Falk, J. G. Dec. 29. Spanners; c o mbination tools.-Relates to a combined spanner and screwdriver. The stem c<1> carrying the lower jaw c and engaging with the adjusting - nut A terminates i n a screwdriver C which is projected beyond the handle B when the jaws are opened.
Patent GB-189802868-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Manufacture of Composition Blocks for Paving Roads and Ways, Carriage-brake Blocks, and other uses.
Inventor: GRIST CHARLES JAMES
Filed: 1898-02-04
Granted: 1898-12-17
Abstract: 2868. Grist, C. J. Feb. 4. Paving-blocks.-Fibrous material such as jute, hemp, cotton, animal fibre, &c., freed from foreign matter by carding and from moisture by hot air, is immersed for a short time in linseed or like oil which has been oxidized by adding litharge and then boiling for 24 hours, stirring for about 48, and cooling. The superfluous oil is then removed by an extractor, and the material, loosened and pulled apart, is placed on wire netting and subjected to a current of hot air, being turned every hour till all the adhering oil is oxidized and dried. This process is performed at least three times. The material is then ground and placed in crushing-rolls with the addition of 5 to 10 per cent. of powdered sulphur, and, when the ingredients are thoroughly mixed and have cooled, the crushing is repeated, with the addition of 10 to 15 per cent. of binding-material such as white lead, sand, asbestos, slate, cement, &c., or smaller quantities of two or more of these. The resulting substance, which may be vulcanized if desired, is then placed in moulds or dies in a press. The details of the operation may be somewhat varied.