Patent GB-868389-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of thin-walled tubing and tubular films of organic thermoplastic materials
IPC: B29C48/90
Filed: 1959-01-19
Abstract: <PICT:0868389/IV (a)/1> Continuous thinwalled tubing and tubular film of organic thermoplastic material is made by continuously extruding the molten material from an annular orifice downwardly in the form of tubing of circular cross-section, continuously advancing the tubing downwardly through a zone bounded by a vertical solid cylindrical wall adjacent the orifice, which wall limits the diametrical expansion of the tubing and has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the extrusion orifice, expanding the tubing in said zone to said limit by the pressure of a gas in the interior of the tubing while maintaining the tubing above the stick temperature of the thermoplastic material, continuously advancing the tubing at a temperature above its stick temperature downwardly from the zone into a bath of liquid coolant maintained at a temperature effective to quench the tubing rapidly, continuously converging the quenched tubing in the bath to form a flattened tubing, maintaining liquid in the tubing below the cylindrical zone whereby a small portion of liquid is continuously carried away in the flattened portion of the tubing, and continuously feeding fresh liquid into the flattened portion of the tubing, the rate of feed being adjusted so that the level of the liquid within the tubing is the same as or only slightly above or below that of the liquid coolant surrounding the tubing, whereby the pressure of the gas within the tubing is maintained substantially constant and the tubing in the cylindrical zone is maintained expanded to the limit determined by the wall of the zone. The "stick temperature" is defined as the minimum temperature at which a sample of the polymer leaves a wet molten trail when it is stroked with moderate pressure across the smooth surface of a heated block of brass.  As shown, molten thermoplastic material is extruded in a conventional manner to form continuous tubing 2, which is expanded by a gas supplied p  through inlet 3 and drawn vertically down from the die through an openended porous-walled cylinder 4 which is aligned vertically and coaxially with the extrusion orifice and which terminates at its lower end about 1/16 -2 inches above the surface of a quench bath 5 of water or other suitable liquid coolant into which the tubing is continuously drawn from the cylinder.  Fresh water is continuously introduced into the bath at a level well below its surface and overflows through the weir 16.  A liquid 9 (such as water) is maintained in the tubing at a level close to or at that of the bath 5 by introducing the liquid through an inlet line 10 and controlling its level by means of a probe 11 positioned in the extruded tubing.  The probe forms part of the low voltage circuit of an electrical relay system in which changes in the level of the liquid in the system alter the electrical resistance of the probe and hence the magnitude of the current flowing through the circuit.  A solenoid valve 12 in the liquid inlet line is thereby actuated in response to changes in the level of liquid in the tubing.  Compressed air is applied to the exterior of the porous cylinder 4 through an inlet 13 and is forced through the pores of the cylinder so as to form a thin air layer 14 between its inner surface and the downwardly moving tubing, which is thus kept out of contact with the porous surface.  The tubing is not appreciably cooled until it enters the bath 5 and the desired rapid quenching action is thus effected on the tubing.  The cylinder 4 may be cooled by circulating a cooling fluid through the tubular heat exchanger 18.  The porous-walled cylinder 4 is preferably of a sintered metal, e.g. sintered bronze.  The organic thermoplastic material may be polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride containing 3,5% of dibutyl-tin thioester and 3% of calcium stearate. Other materials are also specified.  Specification 868,388 is referred to.