Patent GB-942591-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fuel elements for nuclear reactors
Inventor: WAINE PETER
IPC: G21C3/32
Filed: 1961-05-24
Abstract: 942, 591. Nuclear fuel elements. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. April 4, 1962 [May 24, 1961; Oct. 27, 1961], Nos. 18708/61 and 38629/61. Heading G6C. A cluster fuel element has the individual fuel members spaced apart at their ends by grid support structures, at least one of which is fabricated from strip material 7 troughed transversely at intervals and assembled with the lengths intermediate the troughs 8 juxtaposed in pairs to form a relatively large number of relatively thin webs 5 not inherently resistant to dishing stresses, with the troughs 8 coming together to define a number of spaced openings 9 providing end-location for the fuel members 2, and a relatively small number of relatively thick webs 20 disposed radially from about the centre of the grid structure to the periphery to reinforce the relatively thin webs 5 against dishing stresses. In one embodiment (shown in the drawings accompanying the first Provisional Specification),the webs 5, 20 are made of stainless steel 0.02 and 0.04 inch in thickness, respectively, the juxtaposed lengths of the strips 7 forming the webs 5 being secured together with resistance welds 10. A stainless steel,U-section, annular support 16 located within a carrier member 4 comprising inner and outer graphite sleeves 17, 18 by means of a screwed graphite retaining ring 19 has flanged ends 15, 23 of the webs 5, 20, respectively, welded to it. Each web 20 crosses over and makes edge contact with two of the thin webs 5 before being welded to a boss 21, a central aperture of which is defined by seven thin stainless steel strips 24 joined together by resistance welds 26 and having end flanges 25 which are welded to the boss 21. Each fuel member 2 comprises a stack of sintered UO 2  pellets 27 in a tubular sheath 28 of stainless steel with end caps 29. Heat-insulating plugs 30 of sintered alumina space the pellets 27 from the end caps 29. Each sheath 28 has a series of circumferential ribs 31 along its length. At the bottom end of the cluster, the fuel members 2 are located in a grid support structure similar to that at the top end, the sheaths 28 having collars which rest on the webs 5. A tie bar 32 which interconnects the carrier member 4 and the grid support structures has a boss 33 which is a sliding fit in the central aperture of the boss 21. In an alternative embodiment (shown in the drawings accompanying the second Provisional Specification),the relatively thin webs are divided into groups, each group being spaced between and attached to a pair of relatively thick webs. The fuel members are restrained against bowing by thin grid structures, the parts of the members which contact the grid structures when bowing occurs containing alumina plugs which prevent local overheating. These alumina plugs have circumferential grooves into which the sheaths are keyed by external pressurisation during manufacture. One member of the cluster has a pair of closely spaced collars formed on the external surface of its sheath and these provide an anchoring point for a hot junction formed at the end of a thermocouple cable extending upwardly to a remote reading temperature instrument at the reactor charge face.