baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IE-45350-B1 (IE)
Title: Device and metohd fro performing an operation along a helical path inside a cylinder
IPC: B23Q9/00
Filed: 1977-06-29
Abstract: DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATION IN AN HELICAL PATTERN INSIDE A CYLINDER A DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING AN OPERATION ALONG AN HELICAL PATH ON THE INSIDE SURFACE OF A HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL ROLL FROM ONE END OF THE ROLL TOWARD THE OTHER END, THE DEVICE COM PRISING:a) A CARRIAGE SUPPORTED ON A PLURALITY OF WHEELS HAVING AXES ORIENTED IN A DIRECTION GENERALLY PARALLEL TO THE AXIS OF A ROLL UPON WHICH AN OPERATION IS TO BE PERFORMED:b) THE CARRIAGE HAVING A SUPPORT BRACKET ADJUSTABLY SECURED THEREON WITH FIRST MEMBERS FOR ADJUSTING THE BRACKET IN A DIRECTION GENERALLY PARALLEL TO THE AXES OF THE WHEELS; (c) A TOOL HELD IN A CLAMP SUPPORTED BY THE BRACKET FOR PERFORMING AN OPERATION ON THE INSIDE SURFACE OF A ROLL; ANDd) FOLLOWER MEMBER EXTENDING GENERALLY IN A PORTION OF AN HELICAL PATTERN ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE CARRIAGE FOR COOPERATION WITH A GUIDE ELEMENT TO MAINTAIN THE TOOL OPERATING ALONG AN HELICAL PATH OF THE ROLL RECEIVING AN OPERATION FROM THE TOOL. THE METHOD COMPRISES THE STEPS OF:a) SUPPORTING A ROLL FOR ROTATION WITH ITS AXIS EXTENDING IN A GENERALLY HORIZONTAL DIRECTION;b) SUPPORTING A TOOL ASSEMBLY ON THE INSIDE SURFACE OF THE ROLL WITH ROTATABLE SUPPORTS IN A MANNER TO PERMIT ROLLING MOVE MENT OF THE SUPPORTS WHEN THE ROLL IS TURNED BUT ALSO CONSTRAINING THE SUPPORTS AND THE TOOL ASSEMBLY TO MOVE IN THE PATH OF AN HELI CAL PATTERN FROM ONE END OF THE ROLL TO THE OTHER AS THE ROLL IS TURNED; (c) PROVIDING THE TOOL ASSEMBLY WITH A TOOL EXTENDING IN POSITION TO PERFORM AN OPERATION ON THE INSIDE SURFACE OF THE ROLL: ANDd) TURNING THE ROLL AT A SLOW RATE OF ROTATION WHEREBY THE TOOL ASSEMBLY WILL MOVE ACROSS THE INSIDE SURFACE ALONG AN HELICAL PATTERN WITH THE TOOL THEREOF PERFORMING AN OPERATION ON THE INSIDE SURFACE OF THE ROLL ALONG AN HELICAL PATTERN.
Patent IE-55435-B1 (IE)
Title: Vitamin d compounds for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle
IPC: A61K31/59
Filed: 1983-07-25
Abstract: A method for prophylactically treating dairy cattle for parturient paresis by administering to cattle vitamin D derivatives which are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group at at least one of the C-1 and C-25 positions and a metabolically stable blocking group at the C-24 position in an amount sufficient to induce said prophylaxsis.
[US4428946A]
Patent IE-37240-B1 (IE)
Title: Propoxyphene derivative
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 1972-12-28
Abstract: The compound of formula AS WELL AS THE PROCESS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND THE THERAPEUTIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME.
[US3923805A]
Patent IE-77034-B1 (IE)
Title: Non-invasive masurement of blood glucose
Inventor: ROSENTHAL ROBERT D
IPC: G01N21/35
Filed: 1991-06-26
Abstract: Near-infrared quantitative analysis instruments (170) non-invasively measure blood glucose by analyzing near-infrared energy following interactance with venous or arterial blood, or transmission through a blood containing body part. A replaceable cartridge (195) stores data unique to an individual patient/user. The analysis instruments (170) are accurate and readily lend themselves to at-home testidiabetics. A method is also disclosed for easily and reliably custom calibrating near-infrared quantitative analysis instruments including obtaining a plurality of blood samples and blood glucose level measurements thereof at a predetermined time interval. These values are entered into the analysis instrument. Near-infrared optical measurements of the individual are simultaneously taken using the analysis instrument at another predetermined time interval. Calibration regression analysis is performed on the data to custom calibrate the analysis instrument which involves linearly interpolating the blood sample glucose measurements with the near-infrared optical recordings.
Patent IE-59685-B1 (IE)
Title: Monoclonal antibodies binding determinants of gram negative bacteria
IPC: C07K16/00
Filed: 1986-09-26
Abstract: The present invention provides novel hybridoma cell lines which produce monoclonal antibodies - (MoAbs) that bind epitopes found on lipopolysaccharide most commonly associated with the endotoxin core of gram negative bacteria and exhibit broad cross-reactivity with gram negative bacteria of different genera and effectively neutralize endotoxin. At least one of the MoAbs disclosed (XMMEN-J5D) binds an epitope also found on gram positive bacteria. The hybridomas are produced by fusing an immortal cell, a cell having the ability to replicate indefinitely in myeloma cell culture, and an effector immune cell following immunization of the immune cell host with a preparation of a gram negative bacteria. While several individual hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide are described, the present invention adds to the state of the art an entire family of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide-associated epitopes. The monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma cell lines the present invention are useful in the detection of bacterial infections, therapy and prophylaxis of bacterial endotoxemia and infection caused by gram negative bacteria.
Patent IE-50699-B1 (IE)
Title: Microminiature solid state device manufacture
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 1980-12-15
Abstract: A semiconductor substrate is mounted in an electron beam image projector with a mask. The patterned electron beam from the mask comprises a first sub-pattern and a second lower intensity sub-pattern. The difference in the intensities of the two sub-patterns permits the automatic alignment of the patterned electron beam relative to the substrate by detecting when the first sub-pattern is incident on a reference marker pattern on the substrate, while the first and second sub-patterns together expose an electron sensitive layer at the entire area of the reference marker pattern. The part of the layer retained after developing can be used as an etchant mask during the definition of a protective layer or the removal of unwanted material from the entire area of the reference marker pattern depending on whether the layer is a negative or a positive electron sensitive material.
Patent IE-72168-B1 (IE)
Title: Method of making absorbent articles containing mechanical pulp and polymeric gelling material
Inventor: MARSAN MARIO STEPHEN
IPC: A61F13/49
Filed: 1990-10-26
Abstract: A disposable, absoroent diaper (20) comprising a topsheet (38), a liquid impervious backsheet (40) associated with the topsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, wherein the absorbent core (41) has a dusting layer (76) of mechanical pulp fibers, a continuous primary layer of mechanical pulp fibers containing from about 8% to about 60%, on a total primary layer (74) dry weight basis, of discrete particles of polymeric gelling material, and a water-permeable core reinforcing layer (72) disposed between the dusting layer and the primary layer. The mechanical pulp fibers, preferably chemithermomechanical pulp fibers, have an average fiber length of at least about 1.9 mm and are in a highly disintegrated condition. <IMAGE>   <IMAGE>
Patent IE-69867-B1 (IE)
Title: "Builder" agent based on alkali metal silicates for detergent compositions
Inventor: BOITTIAUX PATRICK
IPC: C11D1/00
Filed: 1992-03-13
Abstract: The structureforming agent is designed for powder detergentsubstances applicable is washing lines and dishwasing machines. Itis formed by a silicate of a silicon-rich alkaline metal, in theform of Q2 and Q3. The solution of the alkaline metal silicate inratio between SiO2 to M2O of 1.0 to 3.5 is produced with drymatter form 10 to 80% or in a form for application, especially inthe form of cogranulates. The weight ratio between the silicate inthe form of dry matter and water bound to it is from 100:120 to100:40.28 claims
Patent IE-70601-B1 (IE)
Title: N-acyl-alpha-amino acid derivatives
Inventor: ALIG LEO
IPC: C07D211/46
Filed: 1992-03-25
Abstract: N-Aroyl- alpha -aminocarboxylic acid derivatives of the formula <IMAGE> in which L, R' to R''' and Q have the meaning given in the description, can be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases which are caused by the binding of adhesive proteins to blood platelets, as well as by blood platelet aggregation and cell-cell adhesion. They are prepared by removing protective groups in appropriately protected compounds or by conversion of the cyano group to the amidino group in appropriate nitriles.
Patent IE-80519-B1 (IE)
Title: An electronic ballast for a compact fluorescent lamp
Inventor: WILLERS MICHAEL J
IPC: H05B41/233
Filed: 1997-03-06
Abstract: An electronic ballast for a CFL has two pairs of DC rails, having a common circuit ground. A booster circuit (L2, D2) boosts charge into the smoothing capacitor (C3) at certain stages in the oscillator cycle so that the charge on the smoothing capacitor (C3) is greater than the peak input voltage. This increase the duration during which current is drawn from the supply and helps to reduce harmonic distortion.
Patent JP-3011214-B1 (JP)
Title: Ｉｉ―ｖｉ族化合物半導体結晶の成長方法
IPC: C30B29/48
Filed: 1999-01-08
Granted: 2000-02-21
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  昇華法又はハロゲン化学輸送法で種結晶上に II-VI 族化合物半導体結晶を成長するときに、結晶性の 優れた結晶を安定して再現性よく成長させることを可能 にした結晶成長方法を提供しようとするものである。
【解決手段】  成長室の一端に柱状の種結晶支持部材を 固定し、成長室及び支持部材は結晶成長環境の下で安定 でかつ可視光及び／又は赤外光に対して透明な材質で構 成し、支持部材の固定端と反対側の端面を平滑平面とな し、その上に種結晶を保持し、支持部材と成長室内壁と の間隙を支持部材の中間部で閉じて気密部となし、成長 室内の気体が支持部材の固定端に向けて流れることを防 止し、支持部材の固定端の温度Ｔｅを気密部の温度Ｔｄ より低く保持しながら結晶を成長させることを特徴とす るII-VI 族化合物半導体結晶の成長方法である。
Patent LU-100341-B1 (LU)
Title: Fahrradschutzhelm mit einer Rückkamera
Inventor: ZHANG MING
IPC: A42B/
Filed: 2016-11-14
Granted: 2018-02-27
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schutzhelm, der einen Helmkörper (1) mit einigen darin vorgesehenen Belüftungsöffnungen (2) umfasst. Damit der Fahrer nach hinten blicken kann, ohne den Kopf drehen zu müssen, ist hinten am Helmkörper (1) eine Rückkamera (7) vorgesehen, die elektrisch an einer intelligenten Hardware angeschlossen ist. Seitlich am Helmkörper (1) ist ferner ein Hauptträger (3) lösbar befestigt, an dem ein Kipphebelmodul (31) mit einer Anzeigeeinheit (4) und einer Frontkamera (5) montiert ist, wobei der Anwender die mittels der Frontkamera (5) aufgenommenen Bilder in einem Speicher speichern oder die Rückkamera nutzen kann, um die Bilder an der Anzeigeeinheit (4) anzuzeigen.
Patent LU-101566-B1 (LU)
Title: Kreiselpumpe mit einem selbsttätigen Ventil
Inventor: REUSCHEL JOHANNES
IPC: F04D13/16
Filed: 2019-12-18
Granted: 2021-06-22
Abstract: Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Kreiselpumpe (10) zum Befördern eines Fluids mit einem einen Pumpenraum (14) aus-bildenden Pumpengehäuse (16), wobei in dem Pumpenraum (14) ein Laufrad (18) vorgesehen ist, in dem Pumpengehäuse (16) eine Saugöffnung (26) zum Ansaugen des Fluids in den Pumpenraum (14) vorgesehen ist, in dem Pumpengehäuse (16) bezogen auf die Saugöffnung (26) hinter dem Laufrad (18) eine Entlüftungsöffnung (30) vorgesehen ist, und wobei an der Entlüftungsöffnung (30) ein selbsttätiges Ventil (32) vorgesehen ist, durch welches Luft aus dem Pumpenraum (14) entweichen kann.
Patent LU-501407-B1 (LU)
Title: Inclined pipe-type h-shaped subsea online crude oil separation system
Inventor: WEI SONGBO
IPC: E21B43/36
Filed: 2022-02-08
Granted: 2022-08-11
Abstract: The present invention provides an inclined pipe-type H-shaped subsea online crude oil separation system. The system features two-stage rapid separation of subsea crude oil, simplified oil-gas gathering and transportation flows, desirable online dehydration effect, low online wet gas contents, remote automatic control and the like.
Patent LU-502156-B1 (LU)
Title: Temporary support test device for erection of large-span box girder
Inventor: ZHANG WEIMIN
IPC: G01N3/00
Filed: 2022-05-24
Granted: 2022-11-24
Abstract: The invention discloses a temporary support test device for erection of large-span box girder, which comprises a box girder bearing mechanism, including a bearing support plate that can pre-build a cement slurry platform, a plurality of groups of beam frame clamping pieces installed inside the bearing support plate, and a fixing piece for realizing bearing capacity. By arranging the material blocking support which can cover the preformed reinforcement cage, the top plate and side plate which can protect the cement slurry are movably connected outside the material blocking support, and a plurality of groups of beam frame clamping pieces supporting the preformed reinforcement cage are connected at the bottom of the two material blocking supports, when the preformed reinforcement cage is integrally fixed by the a plurality of groups of beam frame clamping pieces, the engineers can perform cement pouring on the preformed reinforcement cage at this time, so that the mechanism is convenient for engineers to quickly pour and mold the box girder type bridge, so as to avoid labor waste caused by the use of a large number of wood formwork at present and the labor time and labor consumption during mold construction.
Patent LU-502388-B1 (LU)
Title: Compound preparation for freezing freshwater fish surimi and application method thereof
Inventor: ZHAO YONGQIANG
IPC: A23L3/36
Filed: 2022-06-28
Granted: 2023-01-02
Abstract: The invention provides a compound preparation for inhibiting protein oxidation of frozen freshwater surimi, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 6-10 parts of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide, 1-2 parts of EGCG and 1,000 parts of water. The invention also provides a use method of the compound preparation, which comprises the following steps: adding the compound preparation into freshwater fish surimi, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then freezing at low temperature. The compound preparation for inhibiting protein oxidation of frozen freshwater fish surimi has good anti-freezing protection effect, especially in inhibiting protein carbonylation, and the formula has the advantages of low calorie and low additive amount, which accords with the current green and low calorie consumption trend, and has a good application prospect.
Patent NO-300950-B1 (NO)
Inventor: BOULE JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: H04M11/08
Filed: 1988-11-11
Abstract: The securing of data exchange between a teletext terminal (TVX) and a host (SE) is done with the aid of an additional box (BA) connected to the computer-peripheral port (PPI) of the terminal (TVX). In a pre- session mode, the box acts on the switching element (AIG) of the terminal (TVX) whilst monitoring all other action on this switching element; the box and the host communicate in accordance with a predetermined sequence of operations comprising the definition of a session key which is transmitted or ciphered in accordance with a basic key. Any anomaly during this communication causes the aborting of the pre-session mode. 
<IMAGE>
Patent NO-300965-B1 (NO)
Inventor: KO JEREMY
IPC: C01B17/66
Filed: 1989-10-26
Abstract: A high-yield process and apparatus for producing sodium hydrosulfite by reacting sodium borohydride, sulfur dioxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium bisulfite is provided. The characterizing feature of the invention is a feed system that requires the introduction of a mixture (16) comprising sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and water prior to the introduction of a mixture comprising water (14) and sulfur dioxide (12).
Patent NO-310150-B1 (NO)
Inventor: CLARE JEFFREY JOHN
IPC: C07K14/235
Filed: 1992-09-29
Abstract: Production of Bordetella pertactin antigens by expression in the methyltrophic yeast, Pichia; expression vectors containing DNA encoding the antigens and Pichia transformants containing one or more copies of the DNA encoding a pertactin antigen. <IMAGE>
Patent NO-300927-B1 (NO)
Inventor: BILLGREN TOMAS
IPC: D04H1/732
Filed: 1993-05-18
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE91/00779 Sec. 371 Date May 11, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date May 11, 1993 PCT Filed Nov. 18, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/08832 PCT Pub. Date May 29, 1992.The present invention relates to a method for producing spunlace material in which there is formed a fibrous web by air-laying a layer of fibres of staple length on a forming wire and air-laying a layer of short fibres on top of the layer of staple fibres. According to the invention, the fibrous web is passed to an entangling wire 18 on which there is arranged at least one elongated element 17 whose diameter is much greater than the diameter of the wires 16 in the entangling wire 18, whereafter the fibrous web is entangled. The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method, and to a spunlace material produced in accordance with the method.
Patent NO-308648-B1 (NO)
Inventor: MICHEL PETER
IPC: A61M5/28
Filed: 1994-03-09
Abstract: A medication dispensing device (20) comprising a cartridge (24) for containing an injectable product therein and an injector (22) attached to the cartridge. The injector includes a drive mechanism comprising a dosage sleeve (78,81) having a dosage knob (88) at the proximal end thereof and a threaded rod (72) coupled to the sleeve and axially advanceable into the cartridge upon clockwise rotation of the knob for dialing up a desired dosage to be injected. A ratchet mechanism (150) is disposed in the injector housing and includes a rotatable piece (152) secured to the dosage sleeve for rotation therewith and a locking seat (168) in engagement with the rotatable piece. The ratchet mechanism permits rotational movement of the sleeve (78) in the clockwise direction only. A disengaging mechanism (200) is secured to the housing of the LCD assembly (70) and includes a pin (206) that extends into and engages the rotatable piece (152) of the ratchet mechanism such that axial movement of the pin causes corresponding axial movement of the stationary piece. Upon depressing the outer surface (204) of the disengaging mechanism, the pin and the rotatable piece are moved axially away from the seat sufficiently enough to permit a user to rotate the dosage knob (88) in a counterclockwise direction to accurately dial back an accidental overdose measurement without removing the cartridge from the injector. <IMAGE>
Patent NO-306909-B1 (NO)
Inventor: DIJK PAUL VAN
IPC: B29C67/02
Filed: 1994-12-14
Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of a granular detergent composition or component having a bulk density greater than 650 g/l which comprises the steps of: i) dispersing a detergent active paste throughout a powder stream in a high speed mixer with a residence time of from 2 seconds to 30 seconds, ii) forming an agglomerate in a moderate speed mixer/agglomerator with a residence time of less than 2 minutes, in which, optionally, a finely divided powder may be added, iii) drying and/or cooling. Granular detergent compositions which are made by this process, and which have excellent solubility properties especially with respect to dispensing and rate of dissolution are also described.
Patent NO-305273-B1 (NO)
Inventor: HAAN PIETER DE
IPC: A61K9/36
Filed: 1994-12-22
Abstract: The invention relates to sugar-coated dosage units comprising a steroid having two hydrogen atoms at position 3 of the steroid skeleton, such as desogestrel, allylestrenol, ethylestrenol, or lynestrenol, to a process for the manufacture of such dosage units, and a use of sugar-coated compositions for providing stable dosage units comprising said steroid.
Patent AT-525144-B1 (AT)
Title: Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers
IPC: H05B41/36
Filed: 2021-06-01
Granted: 2023-03-15
Abstract: Bei einem Verfahren zum Schalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, wie z.B. eines Leuchtmittels, in einer elektrischen Anlage, die einen elektrischen Verbraucher (13), elektrische Leitungen zur Stromversorgung (1) des elektrischen Verbrauchers (3), eine Steuerschaltung (12) zum wahlweisen Ein- oder Ausschalten des elektrischen Verbrauchers (13), ein mit der Steuerschaltung (12) zusammenwirkendes Funkmodul (14) zum drahtlosen Empfangen eines Schaltbefehls zum Ein- oder Ausschalten des elektrischen Verbrauchers (13) und einen handbetätigten Schalter (15, 16) zum wahlweisen Trennen oder Verbinden des elektrischen Verbrauchers (13) samt der Steuerschaltung (12) von bzw. mit der Stromversorgung (1) umfasst, wird zum Schalten des elektrischen Verbrauchers (13) der handbetätigte Schalter (15, 16) betätigt, um eine Unterbrechung der Stromversorgung des elektrischen Verbrauchers (13) und der Steuerschaltung (12) während eines Zeitraums von kürzer als 5 sek., vorzugsweise kürzer als 2 sek., insbesondere kürzer als 1 sek., herbeizuführen, und die Steuerschaltung (12) wird während der Stromunterbrechung von einem aufladbaren Energiespeicher (4), wie z.B. einem Kondensator, mit Strom versorgt, und die Stromunterbrechung wird an einem Steuereingang (11) der Steuerschaltung (12) detektiert, sodass die Steuerschaltung (12) bei Detektieren der Stromunterbrechung den elektrischen Verbraucher (13) schaltet.
Patent BR-0004689-B1 (BR)
Inventor: PEDEMONTE RONALD
IPC: C09B62/028
Filed: 2000-10-05
Abstract: The present invention provides a mixture of dyes which comprise one or more monoazo dyestuffs corresponding to the general formula (1) and one or more monoazo dyestuffs corresponding to the formula (2) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y<sub>1</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub> and M are defined as given in claim 1, methods for preparing said dye mixtures and methods for dyeing hydroxy and/or carboxamido-containing materials using said dye mixtures.
Patent BR-0016380-B1 (BR)
Inventor: MARKO ISTVAN
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2000-12-01
Abstract: The invention relates to metal complexes of formula (I)These complexes are particularly suitable for use as catalysts of hydrosilylation reactions.
Patent BR-0103699-B1 (BR)
Inventor: READING PETER TREVOR
IPC: F16K1/30
Filed: 2001-07-16
Abstract: Pressurised gas containers 36 are refilled from a source of high pressure gas using a valve assembly 1, 3 that comprises a first 1 and second 3 gas flow control unit, the control units having a first valve 6 and second valve 42 respectively, in which the assembly further comprises actuating means 22, 56 for cooperatively opening the valves when the control units are provided in compressed engagement, preferably using a lever action.
Patent BR-0108492-B1 (BR)
Inventor: KAYIMA PAUL M
IPC: C09D201/00
Filed: 2001-02-16
Abstract: The overall performance of water-reducible polymer dispersions, more specifically alkyd dispersions, can be substantially improved by utilizing resins derived from acidolysis reaction products of polyalkylene terephthalates and polyalkylene naphthalates. According to this invention, polymer dispersions can be produced from low acid value polymers and yet have good water dispersibility. When an aqueous coating composition is formulated using the dispersion of this invention, a final coating is formed that has good hydrolytic stability, and when blended with a latex, exhibits improved gloss and wet adhesion.
Patent BR-0308129-B1 (BR)
Inventor: BOLDRINI FULVIO
IPC: C08F8/50
Filed: 2003-03-17
Abstract: The duct has one tubular unit (12) anchorable to an outlet portion (7) of a container (4). One connecting portion (9) presents a connecting area (9a) united hermetically with the outlet portion. The connecting portion presents an internal bridging surface (13) departing from the outlet portion and converging towards a longitudinal axis of the tubular unit (2).
Patent BR-0315294-B1 (BR)
Inventor: EVIN MICHEL
IPC: A01B61/04
Filed: 2003-10-13
Abstract: The disk pulveriser has non-motorized disks (3), each of which is mounted on a spiral spring (5) with at least one-and-a-half turns whose other end is attached to the machine frame (2). The turns of the spring lock together when the pressure on the disk exceeds a threshold value, allowing the disk to rise when released.  An Independent claim is included for a safety system for the pulveriser.