Patent GB-346799-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of crimped artificial fibres and threads
IPC: D06M23/10
Filed: 1929-12-06
Abstract: Hardened fibres and threads of one or more polymerization products of butadiene hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof with or without a vegetable rubber are treated with organic compounds capable of swelling the threads or solutions, emulsions or dispersions thereof, until a crimped effect is obtained.  Suitable organic compounds are hydrocarbons and their halogen derivatives, ethers, esters, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic-, sulphonic-, and sulpho-carboxylic acids, the acids being especially suitable in the form of aqueous emulsions or solutions of their salts.  It is preferable to employ organic liquids having a substantial swelling action such as cyclohexane, benzene and its homologues, heavy benzines, or mixtures of these agents with aliphatic monohydric or polyhydric alcohols.  When aqueous solutions are used, emulsifying agents such as soaps, sulphonation products of high molecular aromatic, aliphatic or heterocyclic compounds and mixtures thereof may be added, for example Turkey red oils, or true sulphonic acids of aliphatic compounds, or naphthalene sulphonic acids with alkyl radicles in the nucleus, or sulphonic acids of pyridine or thiphene. The crimping effect may take place in the cold but is accelerated by heating.  The threads may be subjected before crimping to a pretreatment with cyclohexane hydrocarbons or aliphatic or aromatic liquid ketones or ethers in order to remove impurities and to effect a preliminary swelling.  The crimping treatment may be carried out with the material wound on a bobbin or in the form of skeins.  The threads may be obtained by dry spinning solutions of the polymerization products referred to and to the solutions rubber, guttapercha, or balata, vulcanizing agents such as sulphur or sulphur halides, accelerators, antiagers, or colouring materials may be added.  The products may be chosen from butadiene, or its homologues substituted in the 1 or 1,4 positions and obtained by the action of heat, alkali metals, peroxides, or enzymes.  In an example artificial threads obtained by dry spinning a solution of polymerized butadiene in cyclohexane are introduced in skein form into dipentene and moved slowly therein at 45 DEG  C. for 100 minutes.  The product is rinsed with soap and water, dried at 60 DEG  C. and combed.  The product is crimped like wool.  In another example the threads are passed through a mixture of ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, benzyl alcohol and toluene, then through lukewarm water and are then allowed to dry by hanging loosely in the air.  In another example, the threads wound on bobbins are placed in cyclohexane, and then in a second bath containing an emulsion of benzene, dipentene, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, and sodium di-butyl naphthalene sulphonate in water.  The solvents are evaporated and the sodium salt is rinsed out, and the silk is then dried in warm air.  In other examples, threads of a polymerization product of butadiene are suspended in a hot emulsion of dipentene in water containing glue and sodium butyl naphthalene sulphonic acid, or in an emulsion of toluene, dipentene, benzyl alcohol, Marseilles soap, ammonia, and sodium butyl naphthalene sulphonate in water, or at boiling temperature in a solution of Turkey red oil or Marseilles soap.  Sulphur may be added to the spinning solutions from which the threads are obtained, and a colloidal suspension of sulphur may be added to the emulsions which are used in the crimping process.  Specifications 323,012, 323,028, 327,164, and 329,000, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], are referred to.ALSO:Hardened fibres and threads of one or more polymerization products of butadiene hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof with or without a vegetable rubber are treated with organic compounds capable of swelling the threads, or solutions, emulsions or dispersions thereof, until a crimped effect is obtained.  Suitable organic compounds are hydrocarbons and their halogen derivatives, ethers, esters, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic-, sulphonic-, and sulpho-carboxylic acids, the acids being especially suitable in the form of aqueous emulsions or solutions of their salts.  It is preferable to employ organic liquids having a substantial swelling action such as cyclohexane, benzene and its homologues, heavy benzines, or mixtures of these agents with aliphatic monohydric or polyhydric alcohols.  When aqueous solutions are used, emulsifying agents such as soaps, sulphonation products of high molecular aromatic, aliphatic or heterocyclic compounds and mixtures thereof may be added, for example Turkey red oils, or true sulphonic acids of aliphatic compounds, or naphthalene sulphonic acids with alkyl radicles in the nucleus, or sulphonic acids of pyridine or thiophene.  The crimping effect may take place in the cold but is accelerated by heating.  The threads may be subjected before crimping to a pretreatment with cyclohexane hydrocarbons or aliphatic or aromatic liquid ketones or ethers in order to remove impurities and to effect a preliminary swelling.  The crimping treatment may be carried out with the material wound on a bobbin or in the form of skeins.  The threads may be obtained by dry spinning solutions of the polymerization products referred to and to the solutions rubber, guttapercha, or balata, vulcanizing agents such as sulphur or sulphur halides, accelerators, anti-agers, or colouring materials may be added.  The products may be chosen from butadiene, or its homologues substituted in the 1- or 1,4 positions and obtained by the action of heat, alkali metals, peroxides, or enzymes.  In an example artificial threads obtained by dry spinning a solution of polymerized butadiene in cyclohexane are introduced in skein form into dipentene and moved slowly therein at 45 DEG  C. for 100 minutes.  The product is rinsed with soap and water, dried at 60 DEG C. and combed.  The product is crimped like wool.  In another example the threads are passed through a mixture of ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, benzyl alcohol and toluene, then through lukewarm water and are then allowed to dry by hanging loosely in the air.  In another example, the threads wound on bobbins are placed in cyclohexane, and then in a second bath containing an emulsion of benzene, dipentene, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, and sodium di-butyl naphthalene sulphonate in water.  The solvents are evaporated and the sodium salt is rinsed out, and the silk is then dried in warm air.  In other examples, threads of a polymerization product of butadiene are suspended in a hot emulsion of dipentene in water containing glue and sodium butyl naphthalene sulphonic acid, or in an emulsion of toluene, dipentene, benzyl alcohol, Marseilles soap, ammonia, and sodium butyl naphthalene sulphonate in water, or at boiling temperature in a solution of Turkey red oil or Marseilles soap. Sulphur may be added to the spinning solutions from which the threads are obtained, and a colloidal suspension of sulphur may be added to the emulsions which are used in the crimping process.  Specifications 323,012, 323,028, 327,164, and 329,000, [all in Class 70, Indiarubber &c.], are referred to.