Patent GB-763396-A (GB)
Title: Production of aqueous emulsions with the aid of polymeric emulsifiers
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1954-08-09
Abstract: An organic liquid is emulsified in water by agitating an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide (e.g. sodium hydroxide) with a solution in the organic liquid of a copolymer of a water-insoluble vinyl compound and an acid compound of formula R - CH = CX - CO2H, wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl group and R is COOR1, CONHR1 or CONR1R11 in which R1 and R11 are alkyl radicals of more than 8 carbon atoms, the ratio of vinyl compound to acid compound being such that the partial or complete alkali metal salt emulsifier formed is water-insoluble.  The vinyl compound may be styrene, an a -substituted styrene, a nuclear mono- or di-substituted styrene (e.g. p-isopropyl styrene) or butyl acrylate, and the acid compound may be monodecyl or mono-octadecyl maleic acid ester, maleic acid monostearylamide or the acid ester of maleic acid and abietic alcohol.  The copolymer may also be prepared from monomer mixtures also containing dodecyl methacrylate. Organic liquids specified are xylene, trichlorethylene and paraffin and other ingredients included in the emulsions are pigments, acetone, chlorinated diphenyl and isomerized rubber (see 754,350, [Group V]).  The emulsions may be used in impregnating, finishing, seasoning, hydrophobing, painting or in improving the quality of leather, paper or textiles.  The emulsifiers are applicable in emulsion polymerization if the organic liquid contains polymerizable material and examples describe the production of polymethyl methacrylate (fine powder) and copolymers of styrene, butadiene, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and vinylidine chloride in the presence of conventional materials such as potassium persulphate, the sodium salt of paraffinic sulphinic acid, the salt of an alkane sulphonate, acetone, triethanolamine and dodecyl mercaptan.  The latices may be coagulated with aluminium sulphate, sodium chloride or acetic acid and the products can be used for films or in moulding.  The physical properties of these compositions can be improved by cross-linking residual carboxyl groups in the salt with polyvalent cations, alcohols, amines or methylol compounds.ALSO:An organic liquid is emulsified in water by agitating an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide with a solution in the organic liquid of a copolymer of a water-insoluble vinyl compound and an acid compound of formula R-CH=CX-CO2H wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or an alkyl group and R is COOR1, CONHR1 or CONR1R11 in which R1 and R11 are alkyl radicals of more than 8 carbon atoms, the ratio of the two monomers being such that the alkali metal salt emulsifier formed is water-insoluble.  The vinyl compound may be styrene, an a - substituted styrene, a nuclear mono - or di - substituted styrene (e.g. p - isopropyl styrene) or butyl acrylate, and the acid compound may be monododecyl or monooctadecyl maleic acid ester, maleic acid monostearylamide or the acid ester of maleic acid and abietic alcohol.  Dodecyl methacrylate may also be included.  Organic liquids specified are xylene, trichlorethylene and paraffin and other ingredients which may be present in the emulsions are pigments, acetone, chlorinated diphenyl and isomertized rubber (see 754,350 [Group VI]).  The emulsions may be used in impregnating, finishing, seasoning, hydropholing, painting or in improving the quality of leather, paper or textiles.  The process is applicable in emulsion polymerization if the organic liquid is or contains polymerizable materials (see Group IVa).