baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-100573654-C (CN)
Inventor: GORO HAMAGISHI
IPC: G09G5/14
Filed: 2007-03-27
Granted: 2009-12-23
Abstract: 本发明在于第一观察区域提供第一影像、于第二观察区域提供第二影像的显示装置中，抑制由第一及第二影像所构成的二重像。在显示面板(10)中，通过黑矩阵对显示第一影像的第一像素列(10A)与显示第二影像的第二像素列(10B)进行交互配置；在其上方配置有具备遮光部(31)及开口部(32)的遮光板(30)；当以第一观察区域(A)及第二观察区域(B)的宽度为V、以第一及第二观察区域(A、B)与遮光板(30)之间的距离为D、以遮光板(30)与显示面板(10)间的距离为G、以第一及第二像素列(10A、10B)之间距为P、以开口部(32)的宽度为K、以黑矩阵(11)的宽度为Q时，满足K≤Q×D/(D+G)及P＝G×V/D的条件；并且，显示面板(10)的正前方位置(C)与黑矩阵(11)连结的线通过开口部(32)。
Patent CN-100578796-C (CN)
Inventor: WENXIONG LIU
IPC: H01L23/522
Filed: 2007-07-19
Granted: 2010-01-06
Abstract: 一种有源元件阵列基板，包括基板、像素阵列、多个接垫、多个第一与多个第二开关元件。像素阵列配置于基板的显示区上。接垫、第一与第二开关元件均配置于基板的周边电路区上，且接垫与像素阵列电性连接。第一与第二开关元件均位于接垫外侧，且各第一开关元件分别与这些接垫其中之一电性连接。各第一开关元件具有栅极、源极与漏极，而栅极分别电性连接至源极与接垫。各第二开关元件分别电性连接于两相邻的第一开关元件，而各第二开关元件具有栅极、源极与漏极。源极与相邻的第一开关元件的漏极电性连接，且漏极与相邻的第一开关元件的源极电性连接。本发明采用第一开关元件与第二开关元件，以电性连接各接垫，因此具有静电放电防护的功能。
Patent CN-100561068-C (CN)
Title: 袋式过滤器外框折角结构
Inventor: RONGKAI WANG
IPC: B01D46/02
Filed: 2008-04-22
Granted: 2009-11-18
Abstract: 一种袋式过滤器外框折角结构，由第一斜切槽体和第二斜切槽体构成，所述第一斜切槽体和第二斜切槽体的两侧壁均由一个直竖的外壁和一个“L”形的内壁组成，在拼合处，第一斜切槽体两侧外壁的斜切边上设有凸起的包耳，两侧“L”形内壁的端面相对自身斜切边向后凹设，而第二斜切槽体两侧“L”形内壁的端面相对自身斜切边向前凸设；在折转拼合状态下，第一斜切槽体两侧斜切边上凸起的包耳对应插入第二斜切槽体两侧斜切边与凸设“L”形内壁形成的缝隙中，以此构成袋式过滤器外框折角结构。本方案解决了现有外框角部拼接处有缝隙，密封性能不佳，以及角部拼接处连接强度较低，抗扭曲变形能力较差的问题。
Patent CN-100544854-C (CN)
Title: 零件简易拉伸成型方法
Inventor: YUMING LE
IPC: B21D22/20
Filed: 2008-05-28
Granted: 2009-09-30
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种零件简易拉伸成型方法，它包括下述步骤：1)制作简易拉伸模具，该简易拉伸模具包括凸模、凸模定位板和凹模定位板，其中凸模定位板上具有与凸模轮廓一致并可供凸模通过的开口，而凹模定位板上具有同凸模形状匹配的凹模型腔；且凸模定位板和凹模定位板上设有若干相对的销接孔；2)准备好两块模座：上模座和下模座，把待加工零件放在凸模定位板和凹模定位板之间，通过定位销对待加工零件进行卡固定位；然后把简易拉伸模具放在上模座和下模座之间，并保证凸模位于凸模定位板上的开口内，用油压机或折弯机把凸模从凸模定位板上的开口中压下压到位。本发明简便快捷，成本低，见效快。
Patent CN-100563588-C (CN)
Inventor: YIWEN ZENG
IPC: A61B17/56
Filed: 2008-05-29
Granted: 2009-12-02
Abstract: 经椎弓根体外复位器为一种加长椎弓根中空螺钉系统，力臂大，在体外通过其强大的撑开和加压作用对病椎复位力量强，并通过自锁撑开加压装置维持撑开状态，可有效恢复并维持骨折椎体的高度，该体外复位器包括椎弓根螺钉(1)、延长杆(2)、正反螺纹撑开加压杆(3)、外六角旋转体(4)；其中，两根椎弓根螺钉(1)并排放置，在两根椎弓根螺钉(1)的尾部分别通过一个中空卡槽(5)与延长杆(2)连接，达到延长力臂的作用，在两根延长杆(2)的尾部分别设有一个径向的螺孔(21)；正反螺纹撑开加压杆(3)一端为正螺纹，另一端为反螺纹，正反螺纹撑开加压杆(3)的两端分别旋入两根延长杆(2)尾部的螺孔(21)，在正反螺纹撑开加压杆(3)的中部固定有外六角旋转体(4)。
Patent SE-537353-E (SE)
Title: Portabelt ackumulatordrivet verktyg med elektriskt buffertelement samt förfarande för byte av ackumulatorn
Inventor: FLUHRER ANDREAS
IPC: H02J9/00
Filed: 2011-12-06
Abstract: Uppfinningen hänför sig till ett portabelt och ackumulatordrivet verktyg för bearbetning av ett arbetsstycke samt till ett förfarande för byte av verktygets ackumulator, vilket uppvisar åtminstone en drivanordning för drivning av ett arbetshuvud, åtminstone en ackumulator för tillhandahållande av elektrisk energi, åtminstone en styranordning med ett operativsystem för styrning och/eller reglering av bearbetningsparametrar, åtminstone en lagringsanordning för lagring av bearbetningsdata och åtminstone en sändnings- och mottagningsanordning (6) för sändande och/eller mottagande av sagda bearbetningsdata samt dessutom åtminstone ett element för åtminstone kortvarig lagring av elektrisk energi, för att möjliggöra ett utbyte av ackumulatorn vid aktiverat operativsystem.
Patent SE-542255-E (SE)
Title: Configuration of a ventilation system by component selection
Inventor: WELLNER LARS
IPC: F24F11/49
Filed: 2016-04-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for configuring components in an air treatment system, e.g. a Heating and Ventilating Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system. The air treatment system comprises one or several components being flow control components, sensor components or input control components. The components are connected to a central control system when the components are configured and the air treatment system is in use. The components are provided with an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and a transmitter and/or receiver for sending input signal to and/or receiving an output signal from the central control system wherein The configuration method comprises three the steps of whereof the first is preparation in which at least one the component with component ID is located at its intended position in the air ventilation system and an identifier is provided with system IDs for the components in the system. The second step is a selection procedure in which the physical location of the desired component is identified where after an identifier identify the desired component via wireless communication by reading a marking on the component. Thereafter follows the third and last step which is configuration wherein the component Id is paired with the system location ID.
Patent PT-1189819-E (PT)
Inventor: TIMP PIET HEIN WILLEM
IPC: B65D77/06
Filed: 2000-06-29
Abstract: The application relates to a flexible container ( 3 ) made of film material for containing drinks, comprising a fin opening as well as film storage means which delimit a first compartment and a second compartment ( 17, 18, 19 ) of the container and which release a second compartment ( 18, 19 ) when a predetermined degree of filling of the first compartment ( 17 ) is reached. By means of the film storage means, which, for example, can be formed by folding the side strips ( 20, 21 ) double in the longitudinal direction and holding them in place with the aid of adhesive tape, adhesive or fusion welding of the film material, uniform filling of the first compartment can be obtained, the flexible container largely remaining out of contact with the walls of the surrounding outer container. When the first compartment ( 17 ) has been filled the film storage means are released by the increase in the fill pressure and the second compartment ( 18, 19 ) can be filled so that uniform contact of the flexible container with the wall of the outer, rigid container is obtained. Using the flexible container and using the filling method according to the present invention high fill rates can be achieved and stresses are prevented from becoming too high in certain sections of the flexible container.
Patent PT-1311630-E (PT)
Inventor: KUCERA HELMUT W
IPC: C09D7/63
Filed: 2001-07-23
Abstract: A two-part metal protection composition includes: an aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component that includes an admixture of an acid and a coating forming component; and an aqueous protective coating component that is applied over metal treated with the aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component and includes an admixture of a blister suppressing agent and an organic film forming protective component. The aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component may contain an accelerator, such as hydroxylamine. In a preferred embodiment, the blister suppressing agent is an organic oxidizing agent that includes one or more of nitroguanidine; aromatic nitrosulfonates, Naphthol Yellow S; and picric acid (trinitrophenol). A method for treating a metallic surface includes: (a) applying an aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component described above; and (b) applying an aqueous protective coating component, described above, to the surface that has at least been partially treated with the aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component. A method for bonding an elastomeric substrate surface to a metallic substrate surface includes: (a) applying an aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component, described above, to the surface; (b) applying an aqueous coating or primer composition, described above, to the surface that has at least been partially treated with the aqueous metal treatment conversion coating component; and (c) applying an adhesive overcoat to effect bonding of the metallic substrate to the elastomeric substrate.
Patent PT-1369407-E (PT)
Title: Method for obtaining purified hydroxytyrosol from products and by-products derived from the olive tree
Inventor: GUZMAN JUAN FERNANDEZ-BOLANOS
IPC: B01D15/26
Filed: 2002-02-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining purified hydroxytyrosol from products and by-products derived from the olive tree by means of two-step chromatographic treatment. The invention uses a non-activated ion exchange resin chromatographic method, followed by a second treatment on an XAD-type absorbent non-ionic resin which concentrates and completely purifies the hydroxytyrosol by means of elution with a methanol or ethanol: water dissolution (from 30 to 33%). The method of the invention can also be applied to two-phase pomaces, three-phase pomaces and stones if they are subjected to a steam explosion process. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-1393473-E (PT)
Title: Method for synchronising base stations in a radio communications system
Inventor: BAHRENBURG STEFAN
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2002-05-22
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronising base stations in a radio communications system, whereby the radio interface of the radio communications system is structured according to a TDMA method. According to said method, a synchronisation sequence is sent respectively from neighbouring base stations in an identical time slot. In the time slot, one of the base stations sends a synchronisation sequence that is received by neighbouring base stations and is taken into consideration for the synchronisation.
Patent PT-1409263-E (PT)
Inventor: BREHM LUDWIG
IPC: B42D25/387
Filed: 2002-07-03
Abstract: Half-tone image, made by printing on a substrate, consists of not less than 2 types of dots of different colors in a raster, which give each required color by color mixing of the dots. The novelty is that the dots consist of printing inks containing pigments fluorescing in a particular color when stimulated with electromagnetic radiation.
Patent PT-1473030-E (PT)
Title: Extended release venlafaxine tablet formulation
Inventor: VOLPERT SIMA
IPC: A61K9/28
Filed: 2003-05-02
Abstract: An extended release formulation for administration of venlafaxine in an oral tablet dosage form. The formulation preferably features a core, over which an outer coating is layered. The core preferably contains venlafaxine, a filler, and a water soluble cellulosic polymer, optionally and more preferably with a water insoluble cellulosic polymer. The core is preferably coated with a coating material. The coating preferably contains a mixture of water soluble cellulosic polymer and a water insoluble cellulosic polymer. According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the filler is preferably present in an amount of at least about 40% weight per weight of the total formulation. More preferably, the filler comprises microcrystalline cellulose. Most preferably, the filler solely comprises microcrystalline cellulose. Also most preferably, microcrystalline cellulose is present in the core in a range of from about 45% to about 65% weight per weight of the total formulation.
Patent PT-1497438-E (PT)
Title: Means and methods for the production of adenovirus vectors
Inventor: BOUT ABRAHAM
IPC: A61P31/16
Filed: 2003-04-24
Abstract: The invention relates to methods and means for producing adenoviral vectors on complementing cell lines, wherein the early region 4 open reading frame 6 (E4-orf6) encoding nucleic acid is present in the adenoviral vector and wherein the E4-orf6 gene product is compatible with one or more products of the E1 gene products provided by the complementing cell, such that the adenoviral vector can be efficiently produced by the complementing cell.
Patent PT-1464775-E (PT)
Title: Cleaning platform for concrete bucket
Inventor: GILLES YVES-NOEL
IPC: E04G21/02
Filed: 2004-03-31
Abstract: The platform has a maintenance unit to maintain a concrete tub in an inclined position. The maintenance unit has a primary supporting unit (2, 3) associated with an upper part of a concrete tub. The primary supporting unit and a primary holding unit are separated by vertical and horizontal disengagements. The secondary supporting units (6, 7a, 7b, 8) and a secondary holding unit (9) are associated with a lower part of the tub.
Patent PT-1600130-E (PT)
Title: Blade assembly for keratome
Inventor: FEINGOLD VLADIMIR
IPC: A61B17/32
Filed: 1999-08-11
Abstract: A blade assembly for a keratome is suspended from its ends by a blade support which is driven by a drive mechanism, so that the blade describes a forward path between a positioning ring and an applanation shoe at a controlled distance from the applanation shoe reference surface while also oscillating laterally, and preferably without the blade or the blade support touching either the positioning ring or the applanation shoe. A guide may be disposed parallel to the blade edge to control resectioning thickness. Drive control and vacuum for the positioning ring are provided under user command by a control unit having user inputs. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-1752662-E (PT)
Title: Apparatus to concentrate a fluid and a multiple chamber pump
Inventor: KATHMANN PETER-BERNHARD
IPC: F04B9/10
Filed: 2005-08-09
Abstract: The device has a drive shaft (12) and a differential piston pump. The differential piston pump is driven by the drive shaft and a valve control unit (18) is arranged for operating an inlet and outlet valve arrangement. A tappet is arranged on the drive shaft for a differential piston (K) and the valve control unit. The differential piston and the valve control unit are coupled with a pressure coupling directly at the tappet. An independent claim is also included for a differential piston pump for a fluid.
Patent PT-1740444-E (PT)
Title: Foot-propelled wheeled hobby and/or sport device
Inventor: UNGAR SOMA GABOR
IPC: B62K1/00
Filed: 2005-03-02
Abstract: The invention relates to a foot-propelled wheeled hobby and/or sport device which has a wheel (1) situated between two side-plates (2; 3), and the side-plates (2; 3) are suspended on the axle (X) of the wheel (1). Foot-boards (5) situated below the axle (X) of the wheel (1). Foot-boards (5) situated below the axle (X) of the wheel (1), protruding outwards are connected to the side-plates (2; 3). In the course of the appropriate use of the device (I; II) the side-plates (2; 3) project over the knee of the user (12) standing on one or both of the foot-boards (5), providing a supporting surface (a) for the knee. The invention is based on that at a certain distance (e) behind the wheel (1)-with respect to the travelling direction-there is a structure in the range of the track of the wheel (1) ensuring stabilisation against tilting, and in order to relieve the knees of any load the side-plates (3) are constructed with a height (L) ensuring a supporting surface (b) for the user's (12) thigh.
Patent PT-1979033-E (PT)
Title: Catheter device
Inventor: FUCHS JUERGEN
IPC: A61M25/00
Filed: 2007-01-09
Abstract: In a catheter device having a catheter capillary (Ib) at the distal end of a catheter base (1a) and an automatic closure valve (4) at the proximal end, a closure element (5) of the valve (4) is designed in such a way that a guide wire (7) can be pushed from the distal side through the closure element .
Patent PT-2220366-E (PT)
Title: Crossed flow turbine
Inventor: CAPUTI ORESTE
IPC: F03D3/00
Filed: 2008-10-20
Abstract: A turbine, particularly suitable for wind generators for the production of electric power even with weak wind, is provided with four identical axial blades, opposite two by two, all of them always active, both those windward and those leeward, wherein the air collides on a vane, after having produced a thrusting torque, is conveyed to the opposite vane for generating a tail torque thanks to a series of conveying channels connecting a first vane to the opposite thereof, being also the second vane connected to the opposite thereof by another series of conveying channels, both such series of channels are orthogonal to each other and the fluid flows run through them undisturbed by any interference, with a great increase in efficiency of the turbine.
Patent PT-2313918-E (PT)
Title: Method and apparatus for thermally processing mould wafers
Inventor: REITINGER ERICH
IPC: H01L21/67
Filed: 2009-08-06
Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermally processing mold wafers The method comprises: clamping a mold wafer at a first temperature on a first clamping device, the first temperature being below the hardening temperature of the plastic of the mold wafer; heating the mold wafer to a second temperature, which is higher than the first temperature and is above the hardening temperature; ending the clamping on the first clamping device and transporting the mold wafer heated to the second temperature to a second clamping device substantially contactlessly; clamping the heated mold wafer on the second clamping device; cooling the mold wafer down to a third temperature, which is lower than the second temperature and is below the hardening temperature; and ending the clamping on the second clamping device.
Patent PT-2490398-E (PT)
Title: A technique for compressing a header field in a data packet
Inventor: LE KHIEM
IPC: H04W36/00
Filed: 2001-03-09
Abstract: Methods and systems for communication comprising a source providing a plurality of packets, each packet including a header field, the source being coupled to a network; a receiver including a decompressor; a network entity coupled to the network and to the receiver by a network between the network entity and the receiver, the network entity including a compressor for performing header field compression for at least some of the packets sent from the source and directed to the receiver, the network entity including a jitter reduction function for calculating jitter in the packets directed to the receiver and discarding packets having a jitter that is greater than a predetermined value, wherein the jitter is calculated as a total of an amount of jitter caused by the network between the source and the decompressor included in the receiver.
Patent PT-603935-E (PT)
Inventor: PROMEL MICHEL
IPC: C08F10/02
Filed: 1993-12-13
Abstract: Object molded by extrusion, extrusion blow molding or calendering comprises 30-70 wt.% of an ethylene polymer (I) that has a melt flow index MI2 of 5-1000 g/10 minutes and contains 0-5 wt.% of an alpha -olefin or diene with 4-18 carbon atoms, and 30-70 wt.% of an ethylene polymer (II) that has a melt flow index MI5 of 0.01-2 g/10 minutes and contains 0.5-20 wt.% of an alpha -olefin or diene with 4-18 carbon atoms. Object molded by extrusion, extrusion blow molding or calendering comprises a composition comprising 30-70 wt.% of an ethylene polymer (I) that has a melt flow index MI2, measured at 190[deg]C under a load of 2.16 kg according to ASTM D1238, of 5-1000 g/10 minutes and contains 0-5 wt.% of an alpha -olefin or diene with 4-18 carbon atoms, and 30-70 wt.% of an ethylene polymer (II) that has a melt flow index MI5, measured at 190[deg]C under a load of 5 kg according to ASTM D1238, of 0.01-2 g/10 minutes and contains 0.5-20 wt.% of an alpha -olefin or diene with 4-18 carbon atoms, where the MI2/MI5 ratio is 500-50000. The composition has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 5-70, a MI5 of 0.1-10 g/10 minutes and a dynamic viscosity eta , measured in dPa.s at 190[deg]C and 100 s->1>, such that log(177470/MI5) minus logeta divided by (2 - log(2.53 X MI5) is no more than 0.652. An independent claim is also included for extrusion, extrusion blow molding or calendering of a composition as above.
Patent PT-765664-E (PT)
Inventor: FERRO LAURA
IPC: A61K31/60
Filed: 1996-06-26
Abstract: The invention discloses new compositions of mesalazine in the form of aqueous suspensions characterized in that they are more stable than those of the prior art. <IMAGE>
Patent PT-820993-E (PT)
Inventor: BRIEDEN WALTER
IPC: C07D241/52
Filed: 1997-07-11
Abstract: Two processes (A) and (B) are claimed for the preparation of 3-alkoxy-5-alkyl-pyrazine-2-amine (I) of formula (I). In (A), (a) aminomalonic acid dinitrile of formula CN(NH2)(CN)2 (II) or its salt is reacted with a glyoxal oxime derivative of formula R1COCH=NOH (III) to form an oxypyrazine carbonitrile derivative of formula (IV); (b) (IV) is hydrolysed to form an oxypyrazinecarboxylic acid salt of formula (V); (c) (V) is halogenated to form a halopyrazine compound of formula (VI); (d) (VI) is mixed with an alcohol in the presence of a base or with an alcoholate to form a 3-alkoxy-5-alkyl-1-oxypyrazine-2-ylamine of formula (VII); and (e) (VII) is reduced to form (I). In (B), (f) amino acetonitrile of formula CH2NH2CN (VIII) is reacted with (III) in the presence of base to form the oxypyrazine of formula (IX); (g) (IX) is halogenated to (VI); and (VI is converted to (I) by steps (d) and (e). The compounds (V), (VI) and (VII) are new. R1 = 1-4C alkyl or aryl; R2 = 1-4C alkoxy or aryloxy; M = metal or ammonium; and X = halogen.
Patent PT-874620-E (PT)
Inventor: PATEL AMRIT M
IPC: C11D3/20
Filed: 1997-01-13
Abstract: The present invention provides an effective conditioning shampoo composition which is free of conditioning amounts of silicone conditioning agents. It comprises: A) about 5% to about 40% of a detersive surfactant mixture of an anionic detergent and an amphoteric surfactant, the weight ratio of the anionic detergent to the amphoteric surfactant being in the range of about 10:1 to 0.8:1; B) about 0.05% to about 6% of a conditioning agent selected from the group consisting of 0.05% to 5% of a complex of essentially equimolar amounts of a C8-C18(EtO)1-10 carboxylic acid, and a C8-C18 alkyl (EtO)0-10 dimethyl amine; 0.05% to 1.0% of a polyquaternary compound selected from the group consisting of a quaternized cellulosic polymer and a mixture of the quaternized cellulosic polymer with a non-cellulosic quaternary conditioning polymer; and mixtures of the foregoing; C) 0.1% to 1% of a static control mixture of a quaternary ammonium salt having the formula R9, R10, R11, R12N+X- wherein R9 is a Cl4-C18 alkyl, R10 and R11 are each a C1-C4 alkyl, R12 is C1-C4 alkyl or benzyl and X- is a salt forming cation selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, methosulfate and ethosulfate; and a di-quaternary ammonium salt having the formula (R13)2R14R15N+X- wherein R13 is a C14-C18 alkyl or alkylene group and R14 and R15 are each a C1-C4 alkyl group or a (CH2CH2O)nH group with at least one of R14 and R15 being a (CH2CH2O)nH group, n is an integer from 2 to 20 and X is a cation as set forth above, the weight ratio of the monoalkyl quaternary salt to dialkyl quaternary salt being from about 1:4 to 4:1; and D) an aqueous medium. These compositions exhibit enhanced antistatic properties as compared to the same compositions containing either the monoalkyl quaternary salt or the dialkyl quaternary salt as the sole antistatic ingredient.
Patent PT-902777-E (PT)
Inventor: YOSHINARI TOMOHIRO
IPC: A61K9/20
Filed: 1997-04-14
Abstract: D-mannitol having a specific surface area of not less than about 1 m2/g is disclosed. The D-mannitol shows improved compressibility and is useful as an excipient.
Patent PT-959668-E (PT)
Inventor: BUSK PER
IPC: A01J25/06
Filed: 1997-06-04
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DK97/00249 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 24, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 24, 1998 PCT Filed Jun. 4, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/46081 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 11, 1997A strainer device for draining off whey from a cheese vat comprises an outlet for the whey and a substantially circularly shaped strainer disc (3) arranged in the outlet. This strainer disc is rotatably arranged in the wall (2) of the cheese vat about an axis of rotation (7) extending perpendicular to said wall and being connected to a motor for rotating the strainer disc.
Patent PT-1023034-E (PT)
Inventor: VERONA GIANCARLO
IPC: A61K9/08
Filed: 1998-04-17
Abstract: Formulations for the prevention and therapy of hair loss and seborrhoea are based on essential oils obtainable through alcoholic distillation of plants which contain the essential oils, combined with salicylic acid and with fatty acids having 10 to 40 carbon atoms.