Patent GB-426482-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of cellulose fibre particularly for improving the dyeing properties thereof
IPC: D06P5/22
Filed: 1933-09-28
Abstract: Natural or regenerated cellulose fibres are treated with aldehydes or ketones, or derivatives thereof of the general formula <FORM:0426482/IV/1> where R and R<1> mean hydrogen or any hydrocarbon radicle and X and Y means halogen, an organic or inorganic acid radicle, hydroxy, alkoxy, or cycloalkoxy, and with salts of pyridine bases with strong acids (or when X and Y are radicles of strong acids, with the free pyridine bases), preferably in the presence of diluents as which the free bases may be used.  The following examples are given: (1) paraformaldehyde, pyridine, pyridine chlorhydrate, and cotton are introduced into chloroform, and the mixture boiled; (2) formaldehyde is mixed with pyridine, and pyridine chlorhydrate, and cotton or viscose artificial silk are introduced; (3 cotton is added to a mixture of ethylidene diacetate, pyridine bases, and pyridine chlorhydrate; instead of ethylidene diacetate, there may be used paraldehyde, acetal, or acetaldehyde; (4) benzal chloride, cotton, and pyridine are heated together; (5) furfurol, pyridine sulphate, cotton, and pyridine are heated together; the furfurol may be replaced by benzaldehyde; (6) isopropylacetone (or acetone), pyridine, hydrochloric acid, and cotton are mixed together and heated; (7) butyl chlormethyl ether is stirred into anhydrous pyridine and cotton is then introduced; instead of butyl chlormethyl ether, the following may be employed, the chlormethyl or a -chlorethyl ether of methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, cyclohexyl, or benzyl alcohol; (8) cetyl sulphonic acid, pyridine, formaldehyde, and cotton or viscose artificial silk are heated together.  Other suitable agents mentioned are chlormethyl acetate and ethylidene bromide.  When the strong acid employed is an organic sulphonic acid or ester acid in which the hydrocarbon radicle is one corresponding to a soap-forming carboxylic acid, e.g. cetyl sulphonic acid, octadecyl sulphuric acid, sulphoricinol, or sulpho-oleic acid, an avivage effect and soft wool-like feel is obtained in the yarn.  The fibres treated according to the invention have an affinity for direct cotton dyes, acid wool dyes, mordant dyes, sulphuric acid ester salts of leuco vat dyes, and 2, 3-oxynaphthoic acid arylides.  Dyeing by means of the following dyes is specially referred to: Congo Red, Diamine Brown M, Diamine Blue BB, Orange II, Fast Red A, Alizarine Saphirol B, Naphthylamine Black D, Safranine and Erio Chrome Red B. Naphthylamine Black D can be diazotized on the fibre and developed with b -naphthol. Naphthylamine Brown S can be dyed on and developed with diazotized p-nitraniline.  The treated fibres also have an affinity for the following compounds, tannic acid, fatty acids, resin and naphthenic acids, sulphonated fats and oils, and ester salts of polyvalent mineral acids with higher fatty or naphthenic alcohols. Those compounds which have the properties of soap produce a softening and avivage effect on the fibres.  Specifications 249,842, 263,169, and 284,358, [all in Class 2 (ii)], are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers also to the treatment of fibres with one or more pyridine bases and with compounds of the formula <FORM:0426482/IV/2> in which R and R<1> mean hydrogen or any hydrocarbon radicle or conjointly with the carbon atom a carbon ring and R<11> means a hydrocarbon radicle of the aliphatic or cycloaliphatic series, and also refers to the use of cyclohexanone as a suitable ketone for use in the reaction.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.