Patent GB-774523-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of washing agents or detergents
IPC: C11D1/22
Filed: 1953-12-10
Abstract: Detergent compositions (see Group III) are made by a process wherein an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon or a hydroxy derivative thereof is sulphonated with an excess of a sulphonating agent, and a condensation product of an alkylphenol with an alkylene oxide is added to the mixture before the latter is neutralized.  The alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon or hydroxy derivative contains an alkyl group of more than three carbon atoms and may be mono- or polynuclear, e.g. a derivative of benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene or diphenyl; it may be partly hydrogenated.  The alkylphenol-alkylene oxide condensation product preferably contains at least three condensed molecules of alkylene oxide, and the latter may be ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or both.  Suitable agents for neutralizing the sulphationsulphonation product are the oxides, hydroxides carbonates, bicarbonates and phosphates (e.g. pyrophosphates) of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, zinc and copper and also gaseous ammonia, pyridine vapour and mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine or -isopropanolamine.  The sulphation-sulphonation mixture may also include a fatty alcohol, e.g. lauryl or cetyl alcohol, or a fatty amide or alkanolamide, e.g. coconut oil monoisopropanolamide, and these substances may be added under such conditions that some unsulphonated material remains in the final product; alternatively, these additions may be made during or after neutralization, at which stage there may also be added an alkylphenolethylene oxide condensation product preferably containing more than six condensed ethylene oxide groups, e.g. a condensation product of p-tert.-octyl-phenol or -cresol with 10-12 mols. of ethylene oxide or of monylphenol with 11-14 mols. of ethylene oxide. In the examples: (1) dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum, and after the reaction has proceeded for some time there is added to the mixture a condensation product of p-tert.-octylcresol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide; after a further time the mixture is treated with caustic soda solution, the pH being kept at 6.5 by addition of primary and secondary sodium phosphates; finally there is added coconut oil monoisopropanolamide or a condensation product of p-tert.-octylphenol with 10 mols. of ethylene oxide.  (2) Dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum and, after a time, a condensation product of dihexyl-b -naphthol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide is added to the mixture.  (3) Dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum and, after a time, a condensation product of dodecylphenol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide is added to the mixture; after neutralization, a condensation product of p-tert.-octylphenol with 10 mols. of ethylene is added.ALSO:Detergent compositions are made by a process wherein an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon or a hydroxy derivative thereof is sulphonated with an excess of a sulphonating agent, and a condensation product of an alkylphenol with an alkylene oxide is added to the mixture before the latter is neutralized.  The alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon or hydroxy derivative contains an alkyl group of more than 3 carbon atoms and may be mono- or polynuclear, e.g. a derivative of benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene or diphenyl; it may be partly hydrogenated. The alkylphenol-alkylene oxide condensation product preferably contains at least 3 condensed molecules of alkylene oxide, and the latter may be ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or both.  Suitable agents for neutralizing the sulphation-sulphonation product are the oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates and phosphates, e.g. pyrophosphates of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, lead, zinc and copper, and also gaseous ammonia, pyridine vapour and mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine or -isopropanolamino.  The sulphation-sulphonation mixture may also include a fatty alcohol, e.g. lauryl or cetyl alcohol, or a fatty amide or alkanolamide, e.g. coconut oil monoisopropanolamide, and these substances may be added under such conditions that some unsulphonated material remains in the final product; alternatively, these additions may be made during or after neutralization, at which stage there may also be added an alkylphenol-ethylene oxide condensation product preferably containing more than 6 condensed ethylene oxide groups, e.g. a condensation product of p-tert.-octyl-phenol or -cresol with 10-12 mols. of ethylene oxide or of nonylphenol with 11-14 mols. of ethylene oxide. Other substances which may be included in the products are borax, sodium silicate, sodium or potassium perborate, carbonate, bicarbonate, percarbonate, sulphate, chloride, monodi- or tri-phosphate, acid or neutral pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and hexametaphosphate, the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid or of nitrilo-acetic acid, tetradecylaminoacetic acid, dodecylsulphonamidoacetic acid, dodecylbenzene sulphonamidoacetic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, the sodium or magnesium salt of polyacrylic acid, and calcium or magnesium soaps of fatty acids of 9-12 carbon atoms.  In the examples, (1) dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum, and after the reaction has proceeded for some time there is added to the mixture a condensation product of p-tert.-octylcresol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide; after a further time the mixture is treated with caustic soda solution, the pH being kept at 6.5 by addition of primary and secondary sodium phosphates; finally there is added coconut oil monoisopropanolamide or a condensation product of p-tert.-octylphenol with 10 mols. of ethylene oxide; (2) dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum and, after a time, a condensation product of dihexyl-b -naphthol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide is added to the mixture; (3) dodecylbenzene is treated with oleum and, after a time, a condensation product of dodecylphenol with 6 mols. of ethylene oxide is added to the mixture; after neutralization, a condensation product of p-tert-octyl phenol with 10 mols. of ethylene oxide is added.