Patent GB-1267423-A (GB)
Title: Transmission control mechanism
Inventor: LEACH MICHAEL ERNEST HUMPHREY
IPC: F16H61/00
Filed: 1969-04-25
Abstract: 1,267,423. Change-speed control. BORGWARNER Ltd. 25 April, 1969, No. 21353/69. Heading F2D. In a fluid pressure control system for a change-speed gear (not shown) in a motorvehicle, wherein shift in forward drive is effected by shift valves responsive to vehicle speed and engine load (manifold depression), automatic 2-3 and 3-1 upshifts are controlled by 2-3 and 3-4 exhaust valves 37, 38 to each provide a controlled overlap condition between the engaging and released clutch and/or brake servos, whilst automatic 4-3 and 3-2 downshifts are delayed at higher vehicle speeds by 4-3 and 3-2 downshift timing valves 36, 35 respectively which control the rate of engagement of the clutches and/or brakes, the engagement of the appropriate clutches and/or brakes for all ratios 1 to 4 being regulated and controlled by time delay accumulators 41-13 serving to soften and smooth engagement thereof, the accumulators being responsive to accumulator pressure (modulated throttle variable, i.e. TV pressure). Function summary.-The gear provides four forward speeds and one reverse and includes a forward clutch 11 and a 4th gear clutch 12, 2nd gear and 3rd gear brakes 13, 14 and a reverse brake 15 selectively engaged and released as described below. Fluid supply system.-A front engine driven pump 20 supplies, via a regulator valve (RV) 26, main line pressure to a line 56 and via a torque converter 21 and a cooler 51, which may be bypassed by a check valve 52, lubricating oil for the transmission. Fluid pressure components.-Also include a manual valve (MV) 25 providing Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive, Hold " 3," Hold "2" and Hold " 1 " (P, R, N, D, 3, 2, 1); a throttle valve (TV) 27 controlled by manifold depression and providing engine load or throttle variable ("TV") pressure in a line 384; a modulator valve (MDV) 33 supplying accumulator pressure (Mod TV) in a line 404; an output shaft driven governor valve (GV) 32 supplying output speed responsive pressure (Governor pressure) in a line 380 and, via a ball selector valve (BSV) 39, in a line 382; 1-2, 2-3 and 3-4 shift valves 29, 30 and 31 responsive to Governor, spring, TV, Kickdown and main line differential pressures and also to 1st and 2nd " shift valve plug pressures " derived from TV pressure; a solenoid controlled Kickdown mechanism (KM) 40 associated with a Kickdown valve (KDV) 28 which when operated supplies Kickdown pressure in a line 390; and a 3-2 inhibitor valve (IV) 34 which when able supplies modulated main line pressure in a line 396. Operation. In " N " (neutral) setting of MV (25) valve; main line pressure is completely cut off from the control circuit whereby no clutches or brakes are engaged and the transmission is thus in neutral. In " D " (automatic drive) setting of MV (25) valve, main line pressure is connected to the control circuit via line 358, whereby the forward clutch 11 is engaged for low (1st) and remains engaged for all forward drive conditions, the four forward ratios being automatically selected as follows. Automatic 1st (forward clutch 11 solely engaged): as stated above, when MV 25 is moved to " D " setting, main line pressure of line 56 is connected via line 358 to engage the forward clutch 11, the time delay accumulator 43 serving to soften and smooth engagement thereof, the transmission being automatically conditioned for 1st speed ratio since a one-way brake (not shown) acts to hold an element of the planetary gear set (not shown) once the gear set is connected to the engine through the forward clutch 11. Automatic 2nd (forward clutch 11 and 2nd gear brake 13 engaged): the 1-2 SV 29 is controlled by Governor pressure and the 1st shift valve plug pressure derived from. TV pressure via the 2-3 SV 30. Increasing vehicle speed increases Governor pressure to predominantly act at land 134 of the 1-2 SV 29 to jointly overcome a 1-2 SV spring 147 and the 1st shift valve plug pressure at differential lands 129, 127 to upshift the 1-2 SV spool 125 to its upper, i.e., 2nd speed ratio position, whereby main line pressure at port 140 of the 1-2 SV 29 is connected via line 412 and ports 167, 168 of the 2-3 SV 30 and then via line 416 to engage a 2nd gear brake 13, the time delay accumulator 41 loaded by a spring 317 and accumulator pressure in line 404 serving to soften and smooth engagement, to condition the transmission for 2nd speed ratio, the one-way brake overrunning. Automatic 3rd (forward clutch 11 and 3rd gear brake 14 engaged, 2nd gear brake 13 released): the 2-3 SV 30 includes two spools 150, 151 and is controlled by the Governor pressure, the 1st shift valve plug pressure and TV pressure. Increasing vehicle speed further increases Governor pressure to predominantly act at land 152 of spool 150 to jointly overcome a 2-3 SV spring 175, the force of which is influenced by the TV pressure at differential lands 158, 159 on spool 151, and the 1st shift valve plug pressure at port 170 at the end of the spool 150 to upshift the 2-3 SV 30 to its upper, i.e. 3rd speed ratio position, wherein main line pressure at port 165 of the 2-3 SV 30 is connected via line 422 and ports 194, 195 of the 3-4 SV 31 and then via line 424 to engage the 3rd gear brake 14, the time delay accumulator 42, loaded in the same manner as accumulator 41, serving to soften and smooth engagement thereof, to condition the transmission for 3rd speed ratio, the 2nd gear brake 13 being released as follows. When the 2-3 SV 30 is upshifted to 3rd gear ratio, the pressure line 416 of the 2nd gear brake 13 is connected via ports 168, 169 of the 2-3 SV 30 to exhaust via a line 418 and ports 276, 277 of the 2-3 exhaust valve 37, the valve 37 initially being closed by a spring 280 and accumulator pressure to retard release of brake 13 via an exhaust orifice 419 to produce an overlap condition with the engagement of brake 14, after which the line pressure in line 424 to engage the 3rd gear brake 14, opens the 2-3 EV 37 to completely exhaust the 2nd gear brake 13 via ports 276, 277. Automatic 4th (forward clutch 11 and 4th gear clutch 12 engaged, 3rd gear brake 14 released): the 3-4 SV 31 includes three spools 180, 181, 182 and is controlled by the Governor pressure, a 2nd shift valve plug pressure, derived from TV pressure via the 3-4 SV 31, and the TV pressure. Increasing vehicle speed again further increases Governor pressure to predominantly act at land 183 of spool 180 to jointly overcome 3-4 SV springs 207, 208, the TV pressure at port 203 at the end of spool 181 and the 2nd shift valve plug pressure at port 200 at the end of spool 180 to upshift the 3-4 SV 31 to its upper, i.e. 4th speed ratio position wherein main line pressure at port 199 of the 3-4 SV 31 is connected via line 440 to engage the 4th gear clutch 12, the time delay accumulator 43, loaded by line pressure opposed by a spring 341, serving to soften and smooth engagement thereof, to condition the transmission for 4th speed ratio, i.e. direct drive, the 3rd gear brake 14 being released in a manner similar to the action of the 2-3 EV 37 on the 2-3 upshift, the 3-4 EV 38 being active on the 3-4 upshift to time and delay the release of the 3rd gear brake 14 so as to provide a smooth upshift providing a controlled overlap condition such that the 3rd gear brake 14 will not completely be released before the 4th gear clutch 12 is engaged. When the 3-4 SV 31 is upshifted to 4th gear ratio, the pressure line 424 of the 3rd gear brake 14 is connected via ports 195, 196 of the 3-4 SV 31 to exhaust via a line 442 and post 291, 292 of the 3-4 EV 38, the valve 38 initially being closed by a spring 296 and accumulator pressure to retard release of brake 14 via an exhaust orifice 443 to produce the overlap condition with the engagement of clutch 12, after which the line pressure in line 440 to engage the 4th gear clutch 12 opens the 3-4 EV 38 to completely exhaust the 3rd gear brake 14 via ports 291, 292. The shift valves 29, 30 and 31 are interrelated such that the shift valves downshift, due to decrease in vehicle speed, resulting in lower Governor pressure, or due to increased TV pressure in line 384, in the reverse order of the upshifts in that the 3-4 SV 31 will downshift first, the 2-3 SV 30 next and the 1-2 SV 29 last. However, on closed throttle downshifts the sequence of downshifting is 4 to 3 to 1 since the land sizes are such that the 1-2 SV 29 downshifts before the 2-3 SV 30 downshifts when the TV pressure is zero, i.e. as when the throttle is closed. In addition to the normal automatic downshifts which, as stated above, depend on vehicle speed, i.e. Governor pressure and TV pressure, a Kickdown control provides an overriding Kickdown pressure forcing downshifts as follows:- Kickdown control and 4-3 downshift.-A solenoid 99 of a Kickdown mechanism 40 is operative on full accelerator pedal depression to exhaust line pressure from a port 96 of the Kickdown valve 28 which then regulates line pressure to produce a Kickdown pressure in line 390 which is admitted at port 201 of the 3-4 SV 31 to downshift it to the 3rd speed position, the 4th gear clutch 12 being released by exhausting the line 440 through the ports 198, 197 and lines 365 and 364 and MV 25. The 4-3 downshift timing valve 36, which is conditioned for operation only after the 3-4 SV 31 upshifts, is controlled by Governor pressure at port 258a acting on differential lands 243a, 242a so that at higher vehicle speed the valve is in its upper position whereby the line pressure in line 422 to re-engage the 3rd brake 14 must flow through an orifice 423 in addition to an orifice 426, creating a slower engagement of the 3rd brake 14 so that the downshift is delayed at higher vehicle speeds. At a lower Governor pressure the 4-3 DTV 36 is held by springs 250a, 251a, in its lower position to create a bypass around orifice 423 to increase the speed of engagement of the 3rd brake 14 at the lower vehicle speeds when a more rapid 4-3 downshift is permi