baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2042449-C1 (RU)
Inventor: TIKHONOV SERGEJ M
IPC: B21D5/06
Filed: 1992-10-27
Granted: 1995-08-27
Abstract: Использование: обработка металлов давлением при изготовлении замкнутых профилей прямоугольного сечения со сварным швом на плоской поверхности одной из полок. Сущность изобретения: способ включает формовку профиля за несколько переходов с последовательной принудительной и свободной гибкой смыкаемых полок и принудительной гибкой боковых полок. В последнем переходе формовки с принудительной гибкой смыкаемых полок их изгибают по радиусу выпуклой поверхностью наружу. В последнем переходе формовки с принудительной гибкой боковых полок их подвергают дополнительному изгибу по отношению к размерам готового профиля до устранения зазора между смыкаемыми полками. Затем производят сварку смыкаемых полок с образованием новой полки со сварным швом. Во время сварки осуществляют давление на выпуклые поверхности полок, выравнивая их свариваемые кромки на одном уровне. После сварки осуществляют доформовку профиля, обеспечивая разгибание боковых полок до размеров готового профиля и получение плоской поверхности новой полки со сварным швом. Величину прогиба смыкаемых полок в зоне сварки определяют из приведенного соотношения. 4 ил. 1 табл.
Patent RU-2116614-C1 (RU)
Inventor: JOAKHIM FEL DMANN
IPC: G01B5/30
Filed: 1992-12-18
Granted: 1998-07-27
Abstract: Изобретение используется в измерительных приборах для уменьшения затрат труда. В устройстве для измерения деформации конструктивного элемента предлагаются конструкции из передаточного звена и одного или двух датчиков. Датчик выполнен по типу датчика, имеющего измерительную поверхность и подающего зависимый от деформации измерительной поверхности электрический сигнал. Передаточное звено опирается с одной стороны на датчик, а с другой стороны на конструктивный элемент или другой датчик. При деформации конструктивного элемента изменяется расстояние между опорными местами передаточного звена. Это изменение расстояния производит деформацию измерительной поверхности датчика, оцениваемую как меру деформации конструктивного элемента. Изобретение позволяет уменьшить затраты на создание устройства. 2 с. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.
Patent RU-2111743-C1 (RU)
Inventor: CALANCHI MASSIMO MARIA
IPC: A61K9/54
Filed: 1991-04-09
Granted: 1998-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: every of individual components of a pattern is a mini-tablet of less 5 mm size. All mini-tablets have practically the same size. Mini-tablet consists of a nucleus covered with two membranes. Nucleus contains an active ingredient such as calcitonin or ferritin. One of the membranes is designed from polymer soluble at pH above 5.0. The second membrane is made of practically insoluble polymer, which is permeable for gastrointestinal liquids. Multi-component dosed pattern at pH under the value of 4.5 reveals not higher than 10% calcitonin or ferritin. The rest part of an active ingredient is revealed at pH equal or above 5 during 0.5-8 hours. EFFECT: higher efficiency to provide controlled isolation of active intestinal ingredient. 8 cl
Patent RU-2081835-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for production of modified chromium oxide for polishing
Inventor: CHEKHOMOVA LYUBOV F
IPC: C01G37/02
Filed: 1993-02-01
Granted: 1997-06-20
Abstract: FIELD: polishing with the help of chromium oxide. SUBSTANCE: method involves heat treatment of suspension of chromium anhydride, the process takes place at 350-370 C within 1 h and at 980-1100 C within 350-370 C. Precipitate of waste being prepared by neutralization of sewage of chromium production is added into said suspension, quantity of said freshly precipitated and washed precipitate is 1-1.5 mass parts per 2 mass parts of chromium anhydride. Thus prepared cake is ground, classified and washed by hot water against water soluble materials. Then precipitate is separated by filtration and dried at 100-105 C. EFFECT: improved quality of desired product. 1 tbl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2056926-C1 (RU)
Title: Mixer
Inventor: KVASENKOV OLEG I
IPC: B01F11/02
Filed: 1993-04-15
Granted: 1996-03-27
Abstract: FIELD: suspensions preparation. SUBSTANCE: mixer has ultrasonic oscillations source 1; connected to it longitudinal oscillations rod-type concentrator 2 with axial canal 3 and connected to it coupling 4 located on the line of shifts of concentrator 2, and concentric to it ring-type groove on butt surface, projection of cross-section of which on groove does not exceed linear size of the groove cross-section on the same surface; hollow cylindrical bush 5 with one or several heated or nonheated canals 6, that embraces concentrator 2 with clearance. Mixer allows to produce two and multicomponent suspensions of high quality and is preventing components contact till their full stirring in flight during spraying, that allows to use in preparation nonmixing and reactive liquids, smelts and highly viscous liquids, that are nonflowing under normal temperature conditions. EFFECT: mixer allows to produce two- and multicomponent suspensions of high quality. 3 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2059600-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of separation of vanillin and syringaldehyde
Inventor: TARABANKO VALERIJ E
IPC: C07C45/85
Filed: 1993-05-25
Granted: 1996-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: product: vanillin. Process conditions: vanillin and syringaldehyde were separated by aldehydes dissolving in water and ammonia aqueous solution at pH 8-8.5 and precipitation of syringaldehyde by addition of ammonia aqueous solution to pH 8.5-10. EFFECT: improved method of separation.
Patent RU-2059442-C1 (RU)
Title: Apparatus for dewatering and recovering disintegrated ferromagnetic materials
Inventor: NAUMENKO ALEKSANDR A
IPC: B03C1/23
Filed: 1993-06-10
Granted: 1996-05-10
Abstract: FIELD: powder metallurgy, ore processing industry, heat power engineering and purification of industrial water. SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes a magnetic system put on a casing provided by gas ducts for feeding gaseous heat transfer agent in order to drain waste gases. The casing is in the form of a tube divided into two parts, one of which being first along material motion direction is mounted with an inclination relative to another and with possibility of changing the above-mentioned inclination angle. A magnetic field being created as superposition of permanent and alternative magnetic fields, liquefies the ferromagnetic material and displaces it along an axis of the casing. Upon that displacement particles are removed out of the liquid for their further drying up to necessary humidity value. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of ferromagnetic particle removal out of liquid. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2060874-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for length measurement, crosscutting and sorting of lumber
Inventor: FROLOV VLADIMIR I
IPC: B27B31/00
Filed: 1993-06-01
Granted: 1996-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: forestry. SUBSTANCE: device has assemblies for trimmed log feed, system of length measurement, crosscutting and sorting. Assembly for trimmed log feed has stationary hydraulic manipulator, wildfire with reversible hydraulic engine, prop for trimmed log unfolding and supporting wildfire. System of measurement consists of shades and rope-block system connecting the shades with knife of power cutting and with counterweight. Crosscutting is carried out with knife of power cutting. Sorting is fulfilled with the aid of gravitational two-sided dumpers and movable hydraulic manipulator. EFFECT: new manufacturing and constructive decisions ensuring trimmed log feed for crosscutting and waste product removal which have not been known earlier (system of length measurement and gravitational two-sided dumpers) are used. 1 cl, 6 dwg
Patent RU-2037366-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of flow type vacuumizing of metal upon continuous casting process
Inventor: UMANETS VALERIJ I
IPC: B22D11/10
Filed: 1993-07-26
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: FIELD: casting production. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of feeding metal, being cast, from a casting ladle into a vacuum chamber, providing a final pressure in that chamber, treating the metal in the vacuum chamber, feeding the metal into an intermediate ladle through a branch pipe and further into molds, drawing ingots from them; upon flow type vacuumizing periodically increasing a level of the metal in the intermediate ladle by a value, consisting (0.4-0.6) of an initial depth of the branch pipe immersion under the metal surface in the intermediate ladle, increasing the metal level in time periods, equal to (0.1-0.9) of time period of casting of the casting ladle. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 cl, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2071319-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of memory process improvement
Inventor: BURLAKOVA ELENA B
IPC: A61K31/16
Filed: 1993-08-31
Granted: 1997-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves intramuscular administration of pyracetam at dose $$$ mg per 1 kg body mass. EFFECT: decreased preparation consumption and cost of treatment.
Patent RU-2080152-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SAVELEV LEONID N
IPC: B01D27/00
Filed: 1993-09-06
Granted: 1997-05-27
Abstract: Изобретение относится к конструктивному оформлению устройств индивидуального пользования для доочистки питьевой воды из водопроводной сети и из других источников. Изобретение направлено на создание компактного устройства для получения экологически чистой питьевой воды, обеспечивающего постоянную скорость фильтрации через фильтровальные слои материала при изменяющемся напоре воды на входе в установку. Водоочиститель содержит корпус, цилиндрический фильтровальный элемент в виде пружины, на витках которой намотан фильтровальный материал, регулирующее устройство в виде клапана, соединенного тяговым органом с дном с возможностью возвратно-поступательного перемещения. Фильтровальный элемент выполнен из нескольких слоев фильтровального материала, причем один из слоев выполнен из углеродного волокнистого адсорбента, последний в направлении фильтрования слой выполнен из ионообменного материала, корпус водоочистителя выполнен в виде гофрированной оболочки из прозрачного полимерного материала, дно и пружина устройства покрыты слоем бактерицидного вещества. 3 з. п. ф-лы, 1 ил.
Patent RU-2065458-C1 (RU)
Title: Composition for foam plastic producing
Inventor: FAUSTOV IGOR M
IPC: C08L63/00
Filed: 1993-09-28
Granted: 1996-08-20
Abstract: FIELD: foam plastics. SUBSTANCE: composition has, %: epoxydiane resin 67-69; acetone 5-8; hydrophobic chalk 8-10; aqueous-spirituous solution of sodium methyl- or ethylsiliconate at pH = 12 7-8; glass fiber 1.8-2.6; aluminium powder 0.2-0.4, and polyethyleneamine 7-8. Foam plastic properties: volume mass - 250 kg/m; compression strength - 78.4 kgf/cm; bending strength - 220.1 kgf/cm; water absorption after 24 hr - 7%; heat conductivity coefficient at dry state - 0.09 wt/m; after 24 hr under water - 0.12 wt/m. EFFECT: enhanced quality of foam plastic. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2109787-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ ремонта пластмассовых покрытий металлических труб и ремонтное покрытие
Inventor: ROBERTO MARZOLA
IPC: F16L55/18
Filed: 1993-07-16
Granted: 1998-04-27
Abstract: Использование: при ремонте пластмассовых покрытий на металлических трубах. Сущность изобретения: части покрытий из пластмассового материала на металлических трубах, которые были либо сняты, либо повреждены, ремонтируют с использованием одного или более сегментов полого цилиндра, имеющего внутренний радиус, равный внешнему радиусу металлической трубы, и внешний радиус, равный сумме внешнего радиуса металлической трубы плюс длина от 80 до 120% толщины покрытия. Этот сегмент полого цилиндра изготовляют из полимерной композиции, предпочтительно вспененной, содержащей, мас.%: 92 - 98% полимера пропилена, выбранного из группы, включающей полипропилен, кристаллические сополимеры пропилена и этилена, содержащие 2 - 25 мол.% этилена и/или альфа-олефина с 4 - 10 атомами углерода, гетерофазные композиции, содержащие вышеуказанные пропилен или кристаллические (со)полимеры пропилена в комбинации с одним или более олефиновых эластомеров; 2-8 мас%. УФ - стабилизатора. 2 с. и 3 з.п. ф-лы.
Patent RU-2108715-C1 (RU)
Inventor: MILS DEHVID LUKAS
IPC: A01P7/00
Filed: 1992-04-02
Granted: 1998-04-20
Abstract: FIELD: agriculture, insecticides. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pyrethroid insecticides. Invention proposes insecticide composition based on synthetic pyrethroid and containing solvent and at least one surface-active substance. Composition has additionally thickening agent - solid substance insoluble in organic solvent and mixing with emulsifier leading to formation of triple mixture with solvent and emulsifier. Emulsifier is a surface-active substance taken from group containing anionogenic, cationogenic, nonionogenic, amphotheric surface-active substances and their mixtures and froth breaker. The latter is a substance taken from group containing polydialkylsilanes, hydrocarbon oil, tetramethyldecindiol, dimethylactidinol and acidifying agent. The latter is a substance taken from group containing acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphine surface-active substances and antioxidant. The latter is a butylated hydroxytoluene or butylated hydroxyanisole. Solvent: organic solvent taken from group containing liquid alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons with 6-12 carbon, butyrol lactone, N-alkylpyrrolidone, saturated and nonsaturated aliphatic acids with 6-18 carbon atoms, salicylic acid, anthranilic acid, alkyl and alkenyl esters with 1-8 carbon atoms in alcoholic moiety, aliphatic or aromatic or heterocyclic substituted alcohols, lactones, amides. Composition is placed into package made as a packet which is made of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate at hydrolyzation degree from 70 to 90%. EFFECT: improved quality of composition. 13 cl
Patent RU-2067592-C1 (RU)
Inventor: NIKULIN SERGEJ SAVVOVICH
IPC: C08F236/10
Filed: 1994-01-13
Granted: 1996-10-10
Abstract: FIELD: production of butadiene (a-methyl) styrene rubber. SUBSTANCE: process for recovery of butadiene (a-methyl) styrene rubber is carried out by coagulation of rubber latex in acid medium in the presence of additive and uses recycle of serum. The additive is poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallyl ammonium chloride. Coagulation is carried out in two or thres stages. When coagulation is carried out in two stages at first stage, rubber latex is mixed with acidified serum- containing additive with pH of the total mixture of 5-6; at second stage the resulting mixture is mixed with aqueous acid solution with pH of 3.5-4.5. When coagulation is carried out in three stages, prior to said two stages, the starting latex is mixed with aqueous solution of polu-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallyl ammonium chlorido additive being used in amount of 0.1-1.5 kg/t of rubber. Irrespective of the number of stages, the minimum amount of poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallyl ammonium chloride additive is 1.5 kg/t of rubber. EFFECT: more refficient recovery process. 1 dwg, 3 tbl
Patent RU-2096447-C1 (RU)
Title: Composition for special vodka "dyuny"
Inventor: MESYATS VASILIJ G
IPC: C12G3/06
Filed: 1994-02-01
Granted: 1997-11-20
Abstract: FIELD: alcoholic beverage industry. SUBSTANCE: composition for special vodka of 40% vol contains, kg/100 dal: coniferous needle of Morei pine tree, 0.5-0.7; coniferous needle of eastern white pine, 0.3-0.5; buds of Morei pine tree, 0.02-0.03; buds of eastern white pine, 0.02-0.03; sugar, 19.0-21.0; aqueous-alcoholic liquid, the balance. EFFECT: improved taste.
Patent RU-2087642-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for manufacture of metal beam with perforated web
Inventor: MAKAROV ALEKSANDR A
IPC: E04C3/08
Filed: 1994-03-04
Granted: 1997-08-20
Abstract: FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: beam is used as part of load-bearing structure and with purpose of reducing amount of material and labour needed in manufacture, this beam is made light-weight. Primary blank is cut by zigzag cutting with cutting out of inserts in the form of squares. One of squares is cut by half with formation of two rectangulars, then produced components are connected to beam with perforated web. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2120469-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of cooling crude gas obtained in gasification process
Inventor: FRANK DZIOBEK
IPC: C10J3/84
Filed: 1994-03-30
Granted: 1998-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: gas treatment. SUBSTANCE: crude gas is freed of fine to dustlike fuel at temperatures above slag melting point when cooling by admixing partial stream of produced gas. From convection section located after gas generator of heat-recovery boiler, partial stream of non-dedusted gas with temperature between 200 and 800 C is withdrawn. This stream is returned into cooling zone as cooling gas by means of injector actuated by gas medium. EFFECT: increased cooling efficiency. 8 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2073864-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for fermentative determination of mercury present in microquantities
Inventor: SHEKHOVTSOVA TATYANA N
IPC: G01N31/20
Filed: 1994-04-04
Granted: 1997-02-20
Abstract: FIELD: analytical chemistry, environmental control. SUBSTANCE: solutions of thiourea peroxidase, sample to be analyzed, substrate-reductant and hydrogen peroxidase are added in succession to immobilized peroxidase preparation. Chromatographic paper is used as carrier of immobilized fermenting preparation, while 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine is used as substrate-reductant. Count is started since moment of introduction of hydrogen and time moment is fixed at which yellow-colored spot appears on paper. Calibration chart is used for mercury determinations within concentration range of 10 -6  to 10 -3  mcg/ml. EFFECT: reliable proximate analyses of microquantities of mercury can be conducted by this method. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2079550-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SAVCHENKO VLADIMIR I
IPC: C11D3/02
Filed: 1994-05-31
Granted: 1997-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: detergent production. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to detergents for cleansing metallic, glass, ceramic, and other surfaces of objects designed for various applications and may be used at factory-farm enterprises, in mechanical engineering, transport, automotive service, for cleansing sanitary appliances, in municipal engineering, etc. Detergent contains sodium metasilicate, soda ash, and a surfactant. As the latter, following substances can be utilized: polyoxyethylengycol ester of synthetic fatty acid monoethanolamides, or sodium or potassium salt of dialkylpolyethylene glycol esters of phosphoric acid, or a composition contains, wt.-%: (i) mixture of polyoxyalkylengycol (5-6 oxyalkylene groups) ester of synthetic C10-C16- fatty acid monoethanolamides, 4-60; C9-alkylarylpolyethylene glycol with 10 oxy groups, 20-25; C9-alkylarylpolyethylene glycol with 4 oxy groups, 15-25; ethylene glycol and its derivatives, 5-10; or (ii) alkylbenzenesulfonate or alkyl sulfate, 30-60; alkylarylpolyetylene glycol, 30-60; sodium tripolyphosphate or polyphosphate, 5-10; and sodium sulfate, 5-10. EFFECT: improved user's quality. 13 tbl
Patent RU-2079672-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of regeneration of steam heat in steam-gas cycles
Inventor: CHISTOV ANDREJ MIKHAJLOVICH
IPC: F01K7/40
Filed: 1994-05-31
Granted: 1997-05-20
Abstract: FIELD: power engineering; thermal power stations in generation of electric energy; combined plants including gas and steam turbines. SUBSTANCE: feed water is divided into two flows after condensate pump; one flow is heated stepwise in regenerative preheaters by steam of turbine; after each stage of heating part of feed water is separated and is introduced in other part of feed water passing through economizer zone of gas boiler to point of mixing of separate flows and is heated by waste gases; at points of mixing of separate flows temperatures are equal. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2142797-C1 (RU)
Title: Stable malonate-platinum composition for injection and methods of its stabilization
Inventor: MJURREJ A KAPLAN
IPC: A61K9/00
Filed: 1994-08-08
Granted: 1999-12-20
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, oncology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing solution of carboplatinum and other malonate-platinum (II) antitumor agents containing 1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylic acid or its salts at pH 4-8 taken at stabilizing amounts. These stabilizing agents inhibit nonfavorable decolorizing and precipitate formation. These solutions can be stabilized also by blowing a carrier with air or oxygen and, optionally, by filling free space with air or oxygen. EFFECT: increased stability of solutions at prolonged storage. 15 cl, 14 tbl, 4 ex
Patent RU-2060698-C1 (RU)
Title: Nonalcoholic beverage
Inventor: GAFUROV YURIJ M
IPC: A23L2/00
Filed: 1994-08-03
Granted: 1996-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: nonalcoholic industry. SUBSTANCE: beverage has the following components, l/100 dal: rose fruit infusion 30-35; cowberry fruit infusion 30-35; algae pectin 2-3; strawberry essence 0.04-0.06; sodium humate 2-3, and also, kg: natural honey 5-6; sodium benzoate 0.175-0.177; citric acid 0.45-0.50; sugar 55-66; carbon dioxide 3-4, and water the rest. EFFECT: enhanced quality of beverage.
Patent RU-2070190-C1 (RU)
Title: Process for preparing c1-c4-alkyl-tert-c4-c5-alkyl ethers
Inventor: SHAPIRO ARON L
IPC: C07C29/04
Filed: 1994-08-22
Granted: 1996-12-10
Abstract: FIELD: high-octane additives to motor fuels. SUBSTANCE: said ethers are produced by etherification of C 1 -C 4  alcohols with tertiary C 4 -C 5  olefins in liquid phase in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst, e.g. sulfuric or phosphoric acid at starting molar ratio of C 1 -C 4  alcohol to tertiary C 4 -C 5  olefin of (0.9-1.2):1 in vertical tubular reactor filled with catalyst phase comprising (wt%); 5-50 catalyst; 5-30 water; 2-10 tertiary C 4 -C 5  alcohol, and the C 1 -C 4  alcohol balance. Tertiary C 4 -C 5  olefin is fed into reactor lower portion into tubes through nozzles and the separated hydrocarbon phase is withdrawn from the reactor upper (separation) portion, and the desired ether is recovered by rectification from said phase after washing with water. The claimed process is advantageous in that the resulting products are etherified and separated into hydrocarbon and catalyst phases in one apparatus. This makes it possible considerably simpler than prior art process. EFFECT: more efficient preparation process. 7 cl, 1 tbl
Patent RU-2101596-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KOTOV JU I
IPC: F16K23/00
Filed: 1994-09-22
Granted: 1998-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: gas industry; gas fields and gas distributing stations for discharging liquid from separator. SUBSTANCE: safety valve has body 1, bushing shutoff 2, spring 3, seat 4 with seals 5, nozzle 6 with radial channel 7, intake space 8 and outlet space 9 of control valve 10, end face space 11 and spring space 12. EFFECT: improved protection. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2080645-C1 (RU)
Title: Process of manufacture of color-divided color-corrected photoforms
Inventor: GANIEV DZHEJMARS KH
IPC: G03F3/06
Filed: 1994-12-27
Granted: 1997-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: graphic arts. SUBSTANCE: process of manufacture of color-divided color- corrected photoforms consists in photographing of color object by small-size photographic camera on photolayer, in production of image of object on photolayer, in making of color-correcting mask from this image by contact method, in photographing matched photoimage and mask on black-and-white photolayer. Color object is photographed in sequence through red, green and dark blue zonal light filters for different sections of black-and-white photolayer. After photographic processing color-divided black-and-white negative images of color object are produced. EFFECT: decreased processing time.
Patent RU-2118527-C1 (RU)
Inventor: NADIN MERLE
IPC: A61K31/445
Filed: 1993-05-03
Granted: 1998-09-10
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: composition has an effective amount of 3-[2-(dimethylamino)etrhyl]-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide or N-methyl-3-(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-1H-indole-5-et-hanesulfonamide as a free base or pharmaceutically acceptable solvate and solid saturated bases at hydroxyl number above 15. Composition is made as a solid dosed form and used for rectal administration. Composition is used for treatment of patients with migraine and "histamine" headache. Composition shows improved absorption of drug by organism and rapid effect. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of composition. 9 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl, 10 ex