Patent GB-803519-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to navigation system
IPC: G01S13/60
Filed: 1949-09-16
Abstract: 803,519. Radar. GENERAL PRECISION LABORATORY, Inc. Sept. 16, 1949 [Sept. 18, 1945], No. 23976/49. Class 40 (7). In an aircraft navigation system, pulsed or continuous wave, the speed and direction of travel of the craft is determined by the Doppler frequency change of signals transmitted from an antenna carried by the craft and reflected back from the earth's surface to the craft. The antenna is arranged in two sections which supply respectively the right and lefthand propagation patterns so as to produce a total propagation pattern which is a conical surface, the cone major axis being horizontal through the craft. With the cone major axis aligned with the craft direction of motion the band width of the frequency operation of the Doppler frequencies is narrow and the same for both antenna sections. With the craft undergoing drift the direction of motion is inclined to the antenna axis and the mean Doppler frequencies detected by the two sections differ, and a signal is thereby developed to align the antenna axis with the direction of motion to indicate the craft direction of travel. The antenna may take any of the forms shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, in which the waveguide sections 12, 14, 17 are held in the longitudinal axis of the craft and radiation occurs at the slots 11, 13 or the dipoles 16 with a phase difference between the adjacent slots or dipoles which results in a propagation pattern in the form of a conical surface inclined at an angle to the waveguide dependent upon the phase difference. In Figure 8, the rotatable antenna assembly 11 is supplied from pulsed transmitter 19 and the reflections are received at 11 on the separate antennas 12, 13. The received signals at 12 are passed by waveguides to a mixer 28 which simultaneously receives a continuous signal at the same frequency as the transmitted signal from the coherent oscillator 32 and which develops an output #f, the frequency of which is equal to the Doppler frequency change at 12. Further mixing occurs between #f and the output from oscillator 36 at 33, the output of which is applied to band-pass filters 39, 41 which supply respectively the detectors 46, 47 and similarly the detectors 48, 49 are supplied through mixers 31, 34 from the antenna 13. The speed of the motor 37, which determines the frequency of oscillator 36 is controlled through the servo amplifier 56 and adding circuits 51, 52 from 46, 47, 48, 49, so as to change in accordance with craft speed which is indicated on tachometer 58. For the determination of the true direction of craft travel the outputs of adding circuits 53, 54 supplied from 46, 47, 48, 49 are applied differentially to the servo amplifier 57. The output of the latter energizes the antenna control motor 17 which adjusts the antenna assembly relative to the craft until the antennas are aligned symmetrically about the true direction of travel wherein the Doppler frequencies detected by 12, 13 are equal and the outputs of 53, 54 neutralize each other. In a further modification, not shown, the outputs of the mixing circuits are applied to frequency metering circuits which derive two D.C. voltages which vary as the Doppler frequency detected by each antenna. It is also stated that the coherent oscillator may be operated at a less intermediate frequency. Specification 802,800 is referred to.