Patent GB-1420339-A (GB)
Title: Processes for maintaining the stability of metal coating compositions
IPC: C09D5/00
Filed: 1972-12-14
Abstract: 1420339 Coating metal AMCHEM PRODUCTS INC 14 Dec 1972 [26 May 1972 20 Nov 1972] 57694/72 Heading B2E A coating of a film-forming material is applied to the surface of a metal susceptible to acid-etching by contacting the surface with a coating composition comprising the filmforming material dissolved, dispersed or emulsified in an aqueous phase containing a metal etching acid for a period sufficient to enable acid attack upon the metal surface to general metal ions which enter the aqueous phase causing the coating of film-forming material to be deposited from the coating composition on to the metal surface, the stability of the coating composition being maintained by contacting it continuously or intermittently with an ion-exchange material which prevents the concentration of metal ions in the composition as a whole from building up to a level which would destabilize the composition as a whole and cause it to flocculate, coagulate or gel throughout. Preferably the ion exchange material is a cation-exchange material, e.g. sulphonated coal and/or a zeolite, or a cationexchange resin containing sulphonic, carboxylic, phenolic, pihosphonic or iminodiacetate functional groups. Preferably the ion-exchange material contains replaceable hydrogen ions and after contact with the coating composition may be regenerated by contact with an aqueous solution of sulphuric and/or hydrochloric and/ or phosphoric and/or nitric acid. A sequestering agent for the metal ion, e.g. oxalic acid may be added to the regenerating material. The ion-exchange material may be in the form of an ion-exchange membrane and/or an ionexchange fabric and/or ion-exchange beads. The surface tension of the coating composition may be held within fixed limits by adding a dispersing agent, preferably an anionic or non- ionic agent. Examples of suitable dispersing agents are given. To prevent a grainy or textured surface coating being produced, there may be present in the coating composition when it is contacted with the ion-exchange material a surfactant which displays cationic properties in the coating composition and/or a protective colloid. This can be effected by incorporating the surfactant into the coating composition before it is treated with the ionexchange material, or alternatively the surfactant can be added to the ion-exchange material. Examples of suitable cationic surfactants are given. Examples of protective colloids are water-soluble cellulose, and synthetic resins such as polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. The film-forming material may be synthetic resin, e.g. an ethylenemaleic anhydride copolymer and/or polyethylene and/or a polyacrylic, styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polytetrafluoroethylene or a lubricant, e.g. a fatty oil, fatty acid, wax or a mineral oil. Examples of acids are sulphuric, hydrochloric, hydrofluric, nitric, phosphoric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, acetic, chloroacetic, trichloroacetic, lactic, tartaric, polyacrylic, fluoboric, fluotitanic, fluosilicic acid. Preferably the coating composition also contains an oxidising agent, e.g. a peroxide or dichromate ion. An acid with an oxidising anion as both the acid and the oxidising agent may be used, e.g. nitric acid. Preferably the coating composition contains fluoride ion preferably added a hydrofluoric acid. Ferric ion may be added to the coating composition before the composition is used preferably as ferric fluoride trihydrate. A coalescing agent may also be added, e.g. ethylene glycol monobutylether. Metal surfaces which can be coated include aluminium, copper, tin, lead and preferably ferrous and zinciferous including galvanised surfaces, metal surfaces which already have a non-siccative coating, e.g. phosphate, chromate, oxalates, and oxide, anodized or chemically converted) coatings. The coating composition may be contacted with the metal surface by spraying, preferably by immersion and preferably relative motion is maintained between the coating composition and the metal surface. After the metal surface has been coated, it is preferably exposed to an oxidising environment, rinsed with water and dried.