baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-3015889-B1 (JP)
Title: 吸着材料及びその製造方法
IPC: B01J20/26
Filed: 1999-03-24
Granted: 2000-03-06
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  天然の核酸塩基と同等の化学構造と結合能を 持つ吸着材料を容易に提供する。
【解決手段】  下記一般式（１）
【化１】
 （式中、Ｘ及びＹは、それぞれ一級又は二級アミノ基、 ＺはＮＨ、Ｓ又はＯを示し、Ｗは直接結合または結合 基、（Ｃ）は担体を示す。）で表されるピリミド［５， ４−ｄ］ピリミジン及びその類似体を母核とする含窒素 複素環構造を有する吸着材料であり、この吸着材料は、 複数の活性塩素原子を持つ含窒素複素環化合物上の１個 の塩素原子を利用して、その複素環を担体へ結合させ、 次いで残りの塩素原子を化学処理することにより容易に 得ることができる。
Patent JP-3059436-B1 (JP)
Title: 室内用ふとん干し器
IPC: D06F57/08
Filed: 1999-03-24
Granted: 2000-07-04
Abstract: 【要約】
【目的】  室内等比較的狭い場所でのふとん干しに適し たふとん干し器の提供。
【構成】  ふとんを掛けるためのふとん掛け部１１と、 ふとん掛け部１１を支えるスタンド部２１とを有し、ふ とん掛け部１１として、垂れ下がったふとんが接しない ように通気間隔１２を設けて配置された２本の掛け竿１ ３、１４を具備しており、ふとん掛け部１１へのふとん の掛け外しの際にふとんが接して抵抗となるのを防止す るため、２本の掛け竿１３、１４の間隔を端部において 狭めた構成を有する。
Patent JP-3055549-B1 (JP)
Title: エア―コンディショナ―
IPC: F24F13/30
Filed: 1999-03-26
Granted: 2000-06-26
Abstract: 【要約】
【目的】  各種部品の保守作業や修理・交換作業を容易 に行えて、作業時間の短縮と作業性の向上を図れるエア ーコンディショナーを得る。
【構成】  壁内部に埋込状に設置されるコイルユニット Ｃと、熱交換された空気を室内へ送風するファンユニッ トＦと、を設ける。コイルユニットＣのケーシング１ に、室内から壁内部に通じる開口部１２を介して、ファ ンユニットＦを接続・分離自在に構成する。ファンユニ ット接続状態においてファンユニットＦの吹出口付きパ ネル９が開口部１２に位置しかつファンユニット分離状 態においてこの開口部１２からコイルユニットＣの各種 部品を操作・保守・点検・修理・交換可能なように構成 する。
Patent JP-2955270-B1 (JP)
Title: シールドトンネル用外面樹脂被覆コンクリートセグメント
IPC: E21D11/08
Filed: 1998-03-19
Granted: 1999-10-04
Abstract: 【要約】
【課  題】  セグメントの外表面および全接合面を樹脂 被覆部材によって覆うことことにより、各接合面に隙間 ができないようにして、水密性の高いシールドトンネル 用外面樹脂被覆セグメントを提供する。
【解決手段】  シールドトンネルを構築するセグメント は、二つの湾曲した内外面と、トンネルの円周方向およ び軸方向に接合される４つの接合面とを有し、必要に応 じて、コンクリートが充填されていると共に、継手金具 等が備えられている。上記セグメントは、予め工場にお いて、湾曲した外表面とシール溝を含む各接合面を覆う ように、硬化性の樹脂塗膜層が塗布される。上記構成の セグメントは、外表面および各接合面に予め硬化性の樹 脂塗膜層が塗布されているため、シールドトンネルの地 山側の土壌が酸性であったり、あるいは水分を多く含む ものであってもセグメントの接合部から漏水することが ない。
Patent NL-1041003-B1 (NL)
Title: Gebruik van een computer en een met behulp van de computer uitvoerbaar computerprogramma voor het behandelen van een storing met betrekking tot een infrastructuur van kabels en/of leidingen in een gebied; alsmede een dergelijk computerprogramma.
Inventor: FRANCIS IGOR SERGE ALAIN LAURENT MICHEL VAN VELSEN
IPC: G06Q50/06
Filed: 2014-10-20
Granted: 2016-10-04
Abstract: Gebruik van een computer en een met behulp van de computer uitvoerbaar computerprogramma voor het behandelen van een storing met betrekking tot een infrastructuur van kabels en/of leidingen in een gebied, de storing omvattende een waargenomen beschadiging van de infrastruktuur en/of een althans ten dele niet voldoende goed of in het geheel niet functionerende infrastructuur van kabels en/of leidingen in het gebied, waarbij het programma is ingericht de computer de volgende stappen te laten doorlopen: - het bepalen van de aanvangstijd van de storing met behulp van data in het NESTOR-storingsregistratiesysteem of een vergelijkbaar door een netbeheerder gehanteerd storingsregistratiesysteem voor de infrastructuur; - het bepalen van de positie van het betreffende gebied; - het met behulp van de bepaalde positie en een aan een Geo Informatie Systeem (GIS) gerelateerde database van een of meerdere netbeheerders van de infrastructuur bepalen van een of meerdere objekten die de storing teweeg brengen.
Patent NL-1041420-B1 (NL)
Title: Veilig hemeltje voor wiegjes of kinderledikantjes.
Inventor: JEFFREY ROMEO DANDLAU
IPC: A47D15/00
Filed: 2015-08-10
Granted: 2017-02-28
Abstract: De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een veilig hemeltje (1) voor wiegjes of kinderledikantjes (5) en geven babies en heel klein kinderen een veilig en geborgen gevoel. Genoemd hemeltje (1) hangt langs de kop- en zijpanelen (4), waarbij deze gewoonlijk zijn opgebouwd uit verticale spijlen (6) in een rechthoekig kader, waarvan de hoogte h1 is. Aan de onderzijde van het hemeltje (1) zijn langgerekte buigstijve elementen (2) in langwerpige opstikseis (3) aangebracht op gelijke afstanden (X). De lengte van de langwerpige buigstijve elementen (2) is h2, waarbij circa h2 > 1,2 h1. Door deze constructie kan de baby of het kindje de stof of het materiaal van het hemeltje (1) niet meer het bedje intrekken en zodoende wordt een levensgevaarlijke situatie op verrassender wijze vermeden.
Patent NL-1042066-B1 (NL)
Title: Motorfiets vintage spatbord vervaardigd uit stafstaal, elke stand instelbaar
Inventor: SIMON CORNELIS KLOOTWIJK
IPC: B62J15/00
Filed: 2016-09-22
Granted: 2018-03-29
Abstract: Vintage spatbord voor een motorfiets welke door middel van opgave van de buitendiameter en breedte van het wiel geheel vervaardigd wordt. Het spatbord is vervaardigd uit radius gewalst stafstaaL Voorzien van steunplaten waar het stafstaal door middel van gaatjes door heen is gestoken, afgesteld en vast gemonteerd met stelschroeven aan de onderzijde. Aan de voor en achterzijde word het stafstaai afgelast aan de steunplaten. Aan de zijkant worden stelplaten gemonteerd. Deze dienen bij montage als referentie ten opzichte van de band diameter c.q. radius. Men kan er voor kiezen deze na montage te laten zitten. Om deze dan te gebruiken voor montage aan het frame, voorvork, achter brug. Het spatboord kan uitgevoerd zijn in staal of roestvaststaal.
Patent NL-1043156-B1 (NL)
Title: De gezondheidssmartstoel
Inventor: ARFAN KARAKI
IPC: A47C7/62
Filed: 2019-02-14
Granted: 2020-08-28
Abstract: De gezondheidssmartstoel is een stoel met twee kussens. Eén waarop het kind zit en één waarop het kind met zijn rug leunt. In het onderste stuk van de stoel is een groen licht en in het bovenste stuk is een tijdteller. Wanneer het kind goed(gezond) zit, gaat het groene licht in het onderste stuk aan en de tijdteller begint te werken door een elektronisch ontwerp, om te berekenen hoelang het kind op een gezonde manier op de stoel zat. Wanneer het kind zijn zitpositie verandert tot een ongezonde zitpositie, gaat het groene licht uit en de tijdteller stopt met werken. Op die manier kan de zitpositie van kinderen verbeterd worden en daarmee kunnen er ook veel klachten en problemen(met de rug) worden voorkomen.
Patent NL-2012433-B1 (NL)
Title: Data clustering.
Inventor: MATTHEW SPRAGUE
IPC: G06Q40/02
Filed: 2014-03-14
Granted: 2016-07-22
Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems by which memory-efficient clustered data structures of related data entities (or "clusters") may be generated. Generation of clusters may begin by automatic generation of an initial, seed data entity of interest. Clusters of related data entities are generated based on the seed and according to cluster generation strategies (or cluster strategies). Seeds and related data entities may be accessed from various databases and data sources. The data analysis system may bring together data from multiple data sources in order to build clusters.
Patent NL-2014377-B1 (NL)
Title: Roller Blind System for a Sliding Roof.
Inventor: JOACHIM ROEDER
IPC: B60J7/00
Filed: 2015-03-02
Granted: 2016-07-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a roller blind system for a sliding roof with at least one guide rail (14) and with a roller blind with a roller blind fabric mounted on at least one guiding strip, wherein the guiding strip sectionally is guided in the guide rail (14) and its end located outside the guide rail (14) contracts to form a coil during a movement of the roller blind in opening direction, wherein at least one device (26) for increasing the opening force of the roller blind is provided, which is designed and arranged such that the device (26) produces an additional force at least in opening direction (X1).
Patent NL-2015788-B1 (NL)
Title: Laminaat van glas en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen ervan.
Inventor: FRANS VAN HAPERT
IPC: B32B17/06
Filed: 2015-11-13
Granted: 2017-06-02
Abstract: De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een laminaat van glas, omvattende een eerste en een tweede glasplaat met een daar tussenin gelegen hechtend materiaal, waarbij ten minste een van de glasplaten een dikte heeft van minder dan 5 mm. Het laminaat wordt gekenmerkt doordat de afstand tussen de beide glasplaten minder is dan 0,4 mm. Met name heeft het de voorkeur dat de dikte van de tussenliggende laag hechtend materiaal een dikte heeft van minder dan 0,4 mm, bij voorkeur minder dan 0,3 mm, met meer voorkeur minder dan 0,15 mm, in het bijzonder in hoofdzaak 0,1 mm.
Patent NL-2019929-B1 (NL)
Title: Process for improving skid resistance of rejuvenated porous asphalt road constructions
Inventor: JOHANNES WILHELMUS JACOBUS STRUIK
IPC: E01C7/35
Filed: 2017-11-17
Granted: 2019-05-24
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for rejuvenating a porous asphalt road construction comprising the steps of: 5 i) applying an aqueous solution comprising one or more first surfactants, said aqueous solution having a surface tension of lower than 45 mN/m at a temperature of 20°C, to the surface of the porous asphalt road construction; ii) applying a rejuvenating liquid binder to the surface of the porous asphalt road construction obtained in step (i); 10 iii) forcing the rejuvenating liquid binder to penetrate the pores of the porous asphalt road construction using a compactor, preferably equipped with rubber tyres.
Patent NL-2020805-B1 (NL)
Title: Device and Method for Tensioning a Valance on a Bed Frame
Inventor: REMCO REUVERS
IPC: A47C19/02
Filed: 2018-04-20
Granted: 2019-10-28
Abstract: A mattress carrier assembly (12), comprising side and end members (40, 42) that form a frame (30) with a periphery (36) along first and second directions (X, Y), and which are connected in corner regions (50). The carrier assembly is adapted to receive a valance (16), with a main 5 valance sheet (18) extending along a first frame side (32), and that a fringing valance sheet (20) extending along the frame periphery. At least one corner region (50) comprises a biasing member (60) that protrudes from the corner region and predominantly in the third direction (Z) towards a second frame side (34). The biasing member is sufficiently stiff to hold the valance fringing sheet under outward tension in first and second directions when the valance is at rest, but is sufficiently 10 elastic to temporarily and reversibly flex and allow the fringing sheet to deflect when subjected to an additional force (F) along one of the first and second directions. [FIG. 1b]
Patent NL-2021236-B1 (NL)
Title: Methods and systems for characterising a fluid flowing in a conduit
Inventor: ROBERT BOUKE PETERS
IPC: G01P5/24
Filed: 2018-07-04
Granted: 2020-01-15
Abstract: A method for characterising a fluid flowing in a conduit (2) is presented. The method comprises the steps of generating uniquely coded signals (8) and transmitting the uniquely coded signal (8) into a fluid in the conduit (2); detecting one or more reflected coded signals (9) from entrained 5 reflective interfaces (10) in the fluid; determining correlations between the transmitted uniquely coded signals (8) and the reflected coded signals (9); and based on these correlations, calculating locations and velocity vectors of the one or more reflective interfaces (10).
Patent NL-2022439-B1 (NL)
Title: Mooring line positioning head for placing a mooring line around a bollard and method therefor
Inventor: ARNOLD HAMMINGA
IPC: E02B3/24
Filed: 2019-01-24
Granted: 2020-08-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mooring line positioning head for placing a mooring line with a loop around a bollard and method therefor. The positioning head comprises a : 5 - a housing; - at least three legs moveably connected to the housing; - a drive operatively connected to the at least three legs for moving the legs; and - holding means configured for gripping and holding the loop, wherein the at least three legs have a first state wherein the legs are positioned substantially 10 together and a second state wherein the at least three legs are substantially spread out, such that in the first state the head is able to be positioned relative to the loop in a pickup position and in the second state the head is able to grip and/or hold the loop with the holding means.
Patent NL-2023931-B1 (NL)
Title: Oxidation of santalene to santalol
Inventor: DOMINIQUE CALLANT
IPC: C07C69/145
Filed: 2019-10-02
Granted: 2021-06-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxidation of santalene to santalol. The starting material is in particular a mixture comprising alpha-santalene, beta-santalene, epi-beta-santalene, trans-alpha-bergamotene and beta-bisabolene. The oxidation of the santalenes occurs via an intermediate chloro-santalene compound. Substitution of the chloro-substituent by acetate yielded the mixture of the corresponding santalyl actates, which were hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding mixture of santalols.
Patent NL-2026438-B1 (NL)
Title: Method for reducing methane emissions from rice fields by changing rhizosphere oxygen environment
Inventor: CHUNMEI XU
IPC: A01G22/22
Filed: 2020-09-10
Granted: 2021-05-31
Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of rice cultivation technologies, and specifically relates to a method for reducing methane emissions from rice fields by changing rhizosphere oxygen environment, comprising the following steps: 1) seedling stage: seed soaking, sowing, and seedling; 2) fertilization; 3) transplanting rice seedlings: the seedlings cultivated in the step 1) are transplanted with wide row spacing and narrow plant spacing; 4) aeration treatment: performing waterlogging aeration treatment, wherein a 3-5 om water level is always maintained during the rice growth period, and calcium peroxide is applied at 14.5 kg/mu in total during the tillering stage and the booting stage for aeration; and performing alternate wetting and drying irrigation treatment, wherein the rice field is first irrigated until a water layer of 3-5 cm is obtained, and then allowed to dry naturally, then the rice field is irrigated until a water layer of 3-5 cm is obtained again, and then allowed to dry naturally, and this cycle is repeated. The present invention influences the oxygen environment of the rice field soil through different aeration modes, and affects the soil redox potential, microbial activity, soil respiration intensity and other indicators, thereby affecting the production and emission of methane from the rice field, and finally achieving the purpose of reducing methane emission from the rice field.
Patent NL-2028425-B1 (NL)
Title: In-bore positioning system
Inventor: TIMO JORIC CORMAN OUDE VRIELINK
IPC: A61B90/50
Filed: 2021-06-10
Granted: 2022-12-20
Abstract: A positioning system is disclosed for positioning a movable object (550) within a bore (102) of an 5 apparatus (100). At least one track (501) is conﬁgured to be arranged along an inner surface (103) of the apparatus (100). A plurality ofsliders (504) is configured to independently slide along the at least one track (501), wherein the plurality ofsliders (504) are mechanically coupled to the movable object (550) via at least one hinged connection (354). At least one articulated member (506) is connected to one of the sliders (504) via a first connection (311) at a first end of the 10 articulated member (506), and to the movable object (550) via a second connection (308) at a second end ofthe articulated member (506). Fig. 7
Patent NL-2030370-B1 (NL)
Title: Preparation method for absorbable surgical suture with high biocompatibility and high tenacity
Inventor: YUFU ZHANG
IPC: A61L17/08
Filed: 2021-12-30
Granted: 2023-07-07
Abstract: The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of surgical sutures, and in particular, relates to a preparation method for an absorbable surgical suture with high biocompatibility and high tenacity. The preparation method includes the following steps: Sl: 5 preparing a catgut suture; S2: preparing a porous support membrane for cell growth/separation from a bio—based polylactic acid; S3: chemically synthesizing an anchoring— and cementing—functionalized polymer having excellent biocompatibility from a monosaccharide and an anchoring agent; S4: grafting and coating a surface of the 10 catgut suture with the polymer having excellent biocompatibility by means of the porous support membrane for cell growth/separation to obtain a functionalized glycopolymer coated catgut suture; S5: conducting property testing on the functionalized glycopolymer coated catgut suture; and S6: obtaining a high—end surgical suture 15 with excellent technical indicators. (+ Fig. l)
Patent NL-2032884-B1 (NL)
Title: An activated carbon cap disposal method for heavy metal contaminated dredged material
Inventor: SHUANG SONG
IPC: B09B1/00
Filed: 2022-08-29
Granted: 2023-08-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to an activated carbon cap disposal method for heavy metal contaminated dredged material, and belongs to the field of marine pollution control technology. The disposal method described is: the activated carbon remediation material is directly covered on the surface of heavy metal contaminated dredged material for in-situ capping disposal. The present invention has the following technical advantages over the prior art: (1) The in-situ capping disposal method provided by the present invention with activated carbon as the remediation material can control the release of heavy metal components with strong migration capacity in contaminated dredged material; (2) the use of in-situ remediation method for disposal of contaminated dredged material can reduce the pressure of marine dumping disposal of dredged material to a certain extent; (3) the use of activated carbon, an active material instead of the traditional thick-layered capping material can reduce the amount of remediation materials and improve the disposal effect; (4) the present invention is easy to operate and has certain application prospects for all types of dredged material in various pollution situations.
Patent RO-80938-B1 (RO)
Inventor: BALTATEANU NICOLAE
IPC: H01L21/26
Filed: 1976-06-28
Abstract: Prezenta inventie se refera la un procedeu de micsorare prin iradiere cu electroni, radiatii gama si de frînare, neutroni, a timpilor de comutatiei a dispozitivelor electronice semiconductoare pe baza de siliciu, la care iradierea cu electroni s-a facut în gama de doze de 10 la puterea 4....5.10 la a 8 rad., de preferinta o rata a dozei de 2,5.10 la a 8 rad/h, iar pentru iradierile cu radiatii de frînare o rata de 5.10 la puterea 5 rad/h, suportul probelor fiind racit, temperatura apei de racire nedepasind 15 degree C, iar în cazul temperaturilor joase utilizîndu-se iradieri succesive si reveniri termice între temperaturile cuprinse între 150 si 250 degree C.
Patent RO-109132-B1 (RO)
Inventor: BORDESCU ELENA
IPC: H01F27/42
Filed: 1993-12-23
Abstract: Invenția se referă la un transformator
de curent, cu componesarea electronică a
erorilor de raport și a erorilor datorate sarcinii din
secundar, având în alcătuire două miezuri
magnetice (Mt și Mj), pe aceste două miezuri
magnetice, fiind bobinate înfășurările principale de
raport (Ipl-.-1^, pe primul miez magnetic, fiind
bobinată o primă înfășurare auxiliară (1^) având un
capăt conectat la o masă analogică (MA), flotantă
față de înfășurările principale de raport (1^...1^),
iar celălalt capăt fiind conectat la intrarea
neinversoare a unui amplificator operațional (AO),
care are conectat între ieșirea și intrarea inversoare
un prim rezistor (Rj) și între intrarea inversoare și
masa analogică (MA) un al doilea rezistor (R2), pe
al doilea miez magnetic (M^ fiind bobinată o a
doua înfășurare auxiliară (ȚJ care are un capăt
conectat la ieșirea amplificatorului operațional
(AO), iar celălalt capăt fiind conectat la ieșirea
unui repetor de tensiune (RT) a cărui intrare
neinversoare este conectată la o a treia înfășurare
auxiliară (LJ, bobinată pe ambele miezuri
magnetice (Mt și M2), a treia înfășurare auxiliară
(L3) având același număr de spire cu a doua înfășurare
auxiliară (L2) și având celălalt capăt conectat
la masa analogică (MA).
Patent RO-117992-B1 (RO)
Title: Variable geometry plough breast
Inventor: CRACIUN VASILE
IPC: A01B15/10
Filed: 1994-04-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a variable geometry plough breast meant for equipping digger ploughs for general purposes employed in agriculture, for ordinary ploughing. According to the invention, the breast is mounted on the plough body in an articulated manner, using a cylindrical hinge (A), and its position is adjustable in relation to the plough frame, so that the angles (alpha, betha and gamma), defining the working surface thereof, change. The stilt (4) is sectioned in some plates (1 and 3) linked by the cylindrical hinge (A), while the stiffener bars of the plough body are replaced by some adjusing devices (B and C).
Patent RO-114304-B1 (RO)
Title: Reaming device
Inventor: NECULA ALEXANDRU
IPC: B23B29/00
Filed: 1994-07-11
Abstract: The invention refers to a reaming device with fine radial travel, which is independent from the movement of the main axle of the machine tool for reaming mechanical parts. The device consists of a rectangular housing (15) which, by means of a conical wheel (3) and a tapered gear (14), ensures the rotation movement of a tool (8). The housing (15) supports, by free propping up during rotation, some conical wheels (4 and 12) acting as conjugated satellites of the central conical wheels (3 and 11) in two differential mechanisms, each with a single central wheel. The same housing (15) acts as the support for a sliding shaft (5) and a coupler threaded with the wheel (4), which forms a translation coupling with the wheel (12). The shaft (5) on which there is a conical piece that is connected to it only during the translation movement, determines, by means of a roll and a rod (6) and of a plug (7) respectively, the translation of the conical piece onto a grooved wedge of the tool support (8). The central wheels (3 and 11) are connected to the worm wheels (10 and 12), which are conjugated with the worms (9 and 1), and, with the help of a subassembly of gear wheels (16), it is possible to introduce the rotation of the satellites (4 and 12).
Patent RO-113092-B1 (RO)
Title: Variable-geometry advertising panel
Inventor: PARTENIE D ALBON VALERIAN ESME
IPC: G09F15/00
Filed: 1997-02-04
Abstract: The advertising panel with variable geometry consists of one fixed panel, with a fixed geometrical shape and one or several mobile panels borrowing the irregular shape of the outline of the image that is to be advertised. The modules are assembled onto the fixed panel by gliding the resistance structure of the mobile modules inside the resistance structure of the fixed panel. The assembling can be performed on any of the edges of the fixed panel so the final shape of the panel will feature the outline of the exposed image.
Patent RO-120951-B1 (RO)
Title: Compound for treating tumour and inflammatory diseases
Inventor: BOSSLET KLAUS
IPC: A61K31/70
Filed: 1997-03-03
Abstract: The invention relates to a compound having antitumour and anti-inflammatory activity, a process for producing said compound, a pharmaceutical composition and the use thereof for preparing a medicament for the prophylaxis and treatment of carcinomatous diseases, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Patent RO-116616-B1 (RO)
Title: Process for physical-chemical purification of effluents discharged on petroleum processing
Inventor: MUNTEANU RODICA
IPC: C02F1/56
Filed: 1997-08-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of the effluents resulting from petroleum processing, by coagulation-flocculation with organic reagents, separating the phases by settling-flotation. According to the invention, the process is characterized in that the coagulation-flocculation operation is carried out at an effluent pH ranging from 6.5 ... 9 by addition of cationic polyethylectrolyte  based on polyacrylamide having high molecular mass and 40 % cationicity, as 0.1 % solution in an optimum dose of 1 ... 2 mg active substance/liter, followed by settling-flotation for an hour, separating a volume of sludge representing 0.5 % of the effluent volume subjected to the treatment, the sludge separated after treatment being dehydrated by centrifuging after having been previously conditioned with polyelectrolyte.