Patent GB-535705-A (GB)
Abstract: 535,705. Calculating-machines. BROIDO, D. Oct. 13. 1939, No. 27885. [Class 106 (i)] A machine for calculating according to the first four rules and in a non-uniform system such as pounds, shillings and pence comprises a set-up mechanism for one factor which mechanism may be moved transversely of the machine according to the second factor, single gear trains between the set-up mechanism and a register for values not requiring conversion into other units groups of gear trains between the remaining wheels of the register and the set-up mechanism in certain positions of the latter each having a gear ratio different from the other trains of the group, bi-directional couplings to allow one train to drive the register wheels without interfering with other trains of the group, and control means to set the couplings to drive in either direction. Set-up mechanism. This comprises three sets of barrels 13 of the Odhner type for ú s. d. respectively on shafts L, S and D, the complete set-up mechanism being movable transversely from a datum point 17 in either direction from +6 to -4. The set-up is held at any selected position by a spring lever 8 snapping into grooves. in the shaft L. In any of these positions the set-up drums align with trains of wheels adapted to drive the numeral wheels of a register R the multiplier or divisor being progressively registered on a counter R.C. as the handle 7 is moved counter-clockwise or clockwise. General arrangement of inter-connecting gears. Fig. 3 shows diagramatically the gears between the pence, shillings and pounds receivers D1 S1, L1 and the register wheels R. The rectangles D10-<SP>4</SP>-D10<SP>7</SP> designate the gears of the pence receiver co-operating with the D-barrels of the set-up, the gears in operation at the initial position being indicated by dot and dash lines. Similarly, S10-<SP>4</SP>-S10<SP>7</SP> and ú10-<SP>4</SP>- ú10<SP>8</SP> represent gears of the shillings and pounds receivers co-operating with the S and L barrels of the set-up. The results register is shown at R the inclined arrows representing the transfer mechanism. The gears of the receivers are connected by suitable intermediate gears to the respective numeral wheels of the register R as indicated by arrow lines. The appropriate gear ratios are indicated in all cases by a small square with the appropriate figures. Thus D1-D10-4 gears of the pence receiver are connected in the ratio 1:1 with the numeral wheels D1-D10-<SP>4</SP> of the register respectively, whereas the D10 gear meshes with the D1 register wheel in the ratio 1:10. The D10<SP>2</SP> gear meshes in ratio 1:8 with the S1 gear of the shillings receiver thus imparting movement equal to 8 shillings. In addition as indicated by the inclined arrow it meshes in the ratio 1:4 with the D1 register wheel. Referring to D10<SP>3</SP>-D10<SP>7</SP> gears, these mesh in ratio 1:8 with gears S10-S10<SP>5</SP> of the shillings receiver. In addition each of the D10<SP>3</SP>-D10<SP>7</SP> gears is arranged to drive the shaft D<SP>3</SP> carrying a gear meshing in the ratio 1:4 with the D1 register wheel. Further gears are arranged to drive gears mounted on a shaft D4 meshing in ratio 1:3 with the next lower gears S1-S10<SP>4</SP> of the shillings receiver. As indicated on the shaft D<SP>4</SP>, the gears on D<SP>4</SP> are so interconnected that when any of them is driven, it causes all gears to the right to rotate but does not drive gears on the left. Thus when the D10<SP>4</SP> gear, representing 10,000 pence is driven it drives in the ratio 1:8 S10 i.e. 800 shillings, and in ratio 1:3 gears Sl and S10, i.e. 33 shillings and in ratio 1:4 the register wheel D1, i.e. 4 pence. The gears S1-S10 of shillings receiver mesh in ratio 1:1 with wheels S1-S10 of the register R respectively. Gears S1-S10 mesh in ratio 1:1 with wheels S1-S10 of the register R while gears S10<SP>2</SP>-S10<SP>7</SP> mesh in ratio 1:5 with gears ú1-ú10<SP>5</SP>  of the pounds receiver. Gears S10<SP>-1</SP>-S10<SP>-4</SP> are arranged to drive D<SP>1</SP>-D10-<SP>3</SP> in ratio 1:1 and in addition the next lower register wheels D10-<SP>1</SP>- D10<SP>-4</SP> respectively in ratio 1:2. Thus one step of S10<SP>-3</SP> results in one step rotation of D10-<SP>2</SP> and two stages of D10-<SP>3</SP>. Gears ú1-ú10<SP>8</SP> mesh in ratio 1:1 with the numeral wheels ú1-ú10<SP>8</SP> of the register R. Each step of ú10-<SP>2</SP> results in two steps of D1 register wheel and four steps of D10<SP>-1</SP>. Carry mechanism. The teeth 37 on the register wheels 38 are in mesh with gears 156 on a shaft C1. The gears 156 have zero studs 157 which impart at each revolution one-step movement to gears 158 on a shaft C2 which gears have zero studs 159. While gears 158, 160 are in mesh, the zero studs 159 at each revolution impart one-step movement to gears 161 on shaft C4. The pinions 160 are fixed to gears aligned with gears 156 of the next higher order whereas gears 163 fixed to gears 161 are aligned with the gears 156 of the second higher order. During the calculations, the shaft C1 is central and wheels 156 mesh only with gears 37. On completion of the calculation, the shaft C1 is moved to the left, Fig. 4, into mesh with gears in one with pinions 160. Each pinion 160 has a zero stud 164 co-operating with a finger 165 fixed to the shaft C3. Prior to carry, the shaft C3 is shifted axially to the left, Fig. 6 and then given nearly a complete turn so that the fingers 165 restore studs 164 to initial position effecting " tens " transfer to wheels 38. The shaft C1 is then moved to the right so that wheels 156, 163 mesh. The shaft C4 is moved to the left and the " hundreds " transfer effected similarly. The shaft C2 is shifted during the " carry " operation so that gears 158 and studs 159 do not interfere with zeroizing. The third " carry " is effected by the well-known Ohdner transfer device comprising nosed pivot lever 175, pins 181 and restoring cam 183<SP>1</SP>. Drive. The shaft G, Fig. 10, turned by a handle 7 or a motor carries toothed segments 186, 187, 188. The segment 186 gears with a wheel 189 on a shaft H to which are fixed gear segments 190, 191, 192 for driving the shafts L.S.D. of which segment 191 drives a wheel 193 on a shaft 194 at the end of which is fixed a wheel 195 which drives a pinion 21 feathered to the shaft S carrying the shillings drum 13. Geared segments 192, 190 drive the wheels 21 of shafts D and L respectively in a similar manner. The gear segments 187, 188 drive the shaft F for the carrying operation, the first effects adding to multiplication and the second subtraction and division. The gear 187 drives a wheel 203 to which is fixed a disc 204 carrying a spring pawl 205 adapted to drive wheel 206. When the handle 7 is turned clockwise, the panel 205 ratchets freely and the shaft F is not driven. As rotation of handle continues, the segment 186 drives the shaft H to effect the calculation. After this, the segment 188 rotates gear 208 loose on the shaft F. This wheel is secured to a ratchet wheel 209 cooperating with a spring pawl 210 carried on segment 211 working to drive the shaft F oppositely to wheel 206 and pawl 205. Fixed to the shaft F are gear segments 211, 213. adapted to drive gears 212, 214 rotatable on shaft E, segments 215 and 217 co-operating with gears 216, 218 on Shaft A, and gear segments 219, 221 driving gears 220, 222 on shafts C4 and B respectively. The additive carrying operation is effected as follows. The segments 215, 211 come into operation first. The gear 216 driven by segment 215 is attached to a disc 223 carrying a spring pawl 224 which co-operates with a ratchet wheel 225 on shaft A and with a sprocket wheel 226. The ratchet wheel 225 and pawl 224 work in the opposite direction to that in which the par 216 is driven by gear 215. Thus the pawl 224 ratchets freely without driving shaft A, this being reserved for the " negative " carry. Similarly gear 211 drives ratchet where 229 for "negative" carry. When the segments 211, 215 complete their operation, the segment 219 drives gear 220 and shaft C4 causing fingers 167 to zeroize the " second " carry pinions 161. Then gear segment 221 turns wheel 222 on shaft B and 230 and 232 turn shaft C3 to effect the first carry. When this is effected segment 217 rotates 218 and then ratchet pawl 234 drives 235 to drive the shaft A. The sprocket 226 is connected by chain 236 to a sprocket 237 on shaft C. A cam 247 on shaft H operates through linkage a bar 123 fixed to the grids of springs 118 operating bi-directional panels 113 forming the drive units on D3, D4, then selecting the appropriate direction for the drive. The bi-directional pawls for the drive units of shafts L2, L3, S2 are automatically operated by internal frictional springs. The shaft C1 is supported at each end of the machine by pivoted levers 259 and these are moved at appropriate times by a cam 263 on the shaft F. The shaft C2 is shifted axially by a cam 267 on the side of the cam 263 through a pivoted lever 268. The shaft C4 is shifted by a lever 273 from the movement of shaft C2. The rachets 175 of the " third carry are moved by lever mechanism co-operating with the lever mechanism sliding shaft C2. Specification 493,277 is referred to.