Patent GB-848906-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to correction of transmission variations in television signal transmission systems
Inventor: JAMES IVANHOE JOHN PENFOUND
IPC: H04N11/22
Filed: 1955-11-12
Abstract: 848,906. Television. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Nov. 5,1956 [Nov. 12,1955];  No. 32398/55. Class 40(3). Variations in the output signals of a picture signal generating tube due to securitivity variations of the photoelectric surface are corrected by an arrangement in which the latter surface is alternately exposed to the image and to  a reference-intensity light source the signal output of the tube which is produced during the latter exposure periods being employed to effect the necessary correction of the signal output of the tube which is produced during the image exposure periods. The invention is described as applied to a system for connecting frame-sequential colour signals to simultaneous type signals employing as shown in Fig. 1, which is concerned with the red colour component signals, a picture reproducing tube 4 the images reproduced on which are projected on to a picture signal generating 7 tube which supplies the desired (simultaneous type) signals the latter however suffering from defects due to variations in the sensitivity of the photo-electric surface of tube 7. In accordance with the invention only the signals representative of alternate red fields are supplied to tube 4 under the control of a switch 6 which, during the other alternate field periods supplies a signal of constant amplitude 6 (from battery 5) so that tube 4 reproduces an unmodulated raster of maximum intensity (i.e. the reference intensity. The output of tube 7 thus consists of signals representative during alternate fields of the red signals and during the other alternate fields representative of the unmodulated raster. During the scanning of the former fields the output of tube 7 is supplied to the input of a dynamic amplifier 12 via switch 10 and via switch 8, to the input of a storage device 13 whilst during the scanning of the latter fields (switches 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 being in the position shown) the tube output is supplied to the gain control input of amplifier 12 via switch 11 and, via switch 9, to a second storage device 14. In this manner "red" signals are continuously supplied to amplifier 12 either directly from tube 7 or from the storage device 13 whilst signals due to the scanning of the reference intensity raster and which form connnection signals for correcting the undesired variations in the former signals are continuously supplied to amplifier 12 to vary the gain thereof either either directly from tube 7 or from the storage device 14. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that only alternate red fields are utilized and also the bandwidth of the storage device 13 must be adequate for 1À5 mc/s. whereas that of the storage device 14 (for the correction signals) need only be adequate for about 0.25 mc/s. This is overcome in a second embodiment (Fig. 2 not shown) by employing two pairs of tubes, such as tubes 4 and 7, and reproducing successive red fields on alternate ones of the former tubes in alternation with the reproduction of the reference intensity raster. The output of the latter tubes during the scanning of the red fields are then supplied (via a switch operating at field frequency), directly to the dynamic gain amplifier, whilst during the scanning of each reference intensity raster the output signals of each of the tubes are supplied to individual storage devices and thence (via switches) to the gain control input of the amplifier the storage devices in this case only requiring a bandwidth adequate for about 0À25 mc/s. For a complete system the apparatus is duplicated for each component colour to be corrected. Where correction of the green (or luminance) signal is undesirable because of the production of "noise" the red and blue (or other chrominance) signals may be modified in accordance with the undesired variations in the green (or luminance) signal to maintain correct colour balance at the expense of errors in luminance. The invention is applicable to systems for converting the scanning standards of monochrome television signals The picture reproducing and picture signal generating tubes employed in the conversion system may be replaced by a "reading - writing" type of tube. Specifications 714,155 and 848,907 are referred to.