Patent GB-1349297-A (GB)
Title: Mas transfer diffusion devices
Inventor: JANNECK H A
IPC: A61F/
Filed: 1971-10-22
Abstract: 1349297 Membrane support; dialysers; photoinsolubilising plastics BAXTER LABORATORIES Inc 22 Oct 1971 [23 Nov 1970] 49162/71 Heading B1X [Also in Divisions B5] A mass transfer device (Fig. 3) comprises a supporting layer 4 made from photoinsolubilized plastics, said supporting layer defining a plurality of projections of uniform height 6 supporting a diffusion membrane 8 and defining fluid flow channels 10 of uniform dimensions between the projections. The projections may be uniformly distributed upstanding protrusions, suitably truncated cones, having a height of 0.005 to 0.08 inch, especially 0.015 to 0.03 inch, covering from 5 to 30%, especially 5 to 20%, of the area of the membrane, there being suitably 30 to 5,000 and especially 600 to 900 protrusions per square inch of said area. In a preferred embodiment the protrusions are 0.02 inch in height, cover about 8% of the area, and there are 700 to 800 such protrusions per square inch. The supporting layer may be carried by a backing layer 2, which may be rigid, or may be a flexible plastics backing layer; the membrane support may also comprise (Fig. 4, not reproduced) a backing layer (2) carrying said supporting layer on one side and a similar supporting layer on the opposite side. Where a backing layer 2 is present, the projections 6 can be entirely separate from each other, adhering to the backing layer, the thin sections 5 being absent. The diffusion membrane support may be made by preparing a photoinsolubilizable plastics layer of uniform thickness, 16, (Fig. 5), which may be laid on a backing layer 14, overlaying said layer with a master transparency 18 having transparent and opaque areas disposed in a predetermined arrangement; exposing said plastics layer to radiation from source 20 passing through the master transparency to insolubilize those portions of the plastics layer lying adjacent the transparent areas; and washing the plastics layer to dissolve the portions of the layer which remain soluble to produce a plurality of projections of uniform height having channels therebetween. A mass transfer device may be made by overlaying the projections and channels of the diffusion membrane support with a diffusion membrane. Fluid for mass transfer can pass through flow channels 10 (Fig. 3) to intimately engage the lower side of membrane 8, while another fluid for mass transfer can flow against the upper side 9 of membrane 8. .A tubular membrane may be used in place of the single membrane 8. In Fig. 6, membrane supports 13 are separated by tubular diffusion membranes 22. Flow paths within each tube 22 are available for one type of fluid for mass transfer against another fluid percolating through flow channels 24. Fig. 7 (not reproduced) shows an alternative form of mass transfer device in which one fluid (e.g. blood) can pass between membranes (28) in path (32) while another fluid (e.g. dialyzate) can be manifolded into and out of area (34) between each respective membrane and its membrane support. Figs. 8 and 9 show a spiral array in which two strips of flexible membrane support 36, 38, each having projections 37 on only one side, are rolled together with a length of tubular dialysis membrane 40 about a core 42. Tube 44 is connected as is conventional in coil artificial kidneys to one end of dialysis membrane 40 and another connection is placed at the other end of tube 40 to form a kidney coil utilising the membrane support of the invention to replace the conventional screening. Figs. 10 and 11 show further forms of the apparatus. The membrane support may be laminated to a cardboard backing.