Patent GB-1105758-A (GB)
Title: Short-range radar system
Inventor: FULLER KEITH LEWIS
IPC: G01S13/34
Filed: 1966-10-26
Abstract: 1,105,758. Aerials; radar. MULLARD Ltd. 26 Oct., 1966, No. 47976/66. Headings H4A and H4D. A short range radar system, suitable for mounting on vehicles such as airfield tenders, comprises an aerial system having a narrow main lobe of radiation in azimuth, a continuous wave transmitter, and a receiver. The frequency of the transmitter is periodically varied, causing the main lobe of radiation to sweep repeatedly across a sector, and the receiver is arranged to respond to targets at progressively different ranges, so that the whole sector is scanned. As described, an aerial E, Fig. 6, may comprise a linear array of apertures in a waveguide, spaced apart by one-half of a waveguide wavelength at the mean frequency of operation of the system. Phasing means, such as dielectric filling of the waveguide, or convolution of the waveguide between apertures, may be provided so that the main lobe is offset from the normal to the waveguide to a position where there is optimum linearity between frequency change and angular deviation. A backward-wave or other variable frequency voltage controlled oscillator TO, the aerial E, and a square-law detector D1 are connected to successive ports of a circulator or hybrid junction I. An azimuth scan generator ASG has an isosceles triangular voltage waveform, with rise and fall times of 400Ásec, each (or may have a sawtooth waveform). This voltage is applied through a shaping stage SH to a power unit PU, where it is amplified to supply the oscillator TO. Echoes from targets illuminated by the radio beam as it scans are received by the aerial E and signals are passed to the detector D1, together with a small proportion of the energy being transmitted as they arrive, because of breakthrough in the circulator J. The detector D1 acts as a mixer and has output signals of frequencies 0À135-4À5 Mc/s. corresponding to targets at different ranges. The signals are applied via a bandpass filter F and an amplifier Al to one input of a balanced mixer BM. The other input of the mixer BM is from a variable frequency local oscillator LO, whose frequency is swept in the range 10À835-15À2 Mc/s. by a range scan generator RSG, whose voltage waveform is of similar shape to that of the generator ASG but with longer rise and fall times, i.e. x 50, or 20 msec. The output from the mixer BM is taken to a narrow band amplifier A2, of operating frequency 10À2 Mc/s. Thus, at any instant only an echo corresponding to a particular range is passed on by the amplifier A2 and as the radio beam is swept from side to side under the control of the generator ASG, and the range of the displayed range increment is varied under the control of the generator RSG, scanning is effected. The output of the amplifier A2 is applied through a detector D2 and a video amplifier A3 to the brilliance control Z of a cathode-ray tube (C.R.T.). The voltages of the generators ASG and RSG are applied respectively to the X and Y deflection plates of the C.R.T. through display shaping circuits comprising modulators M1, M2 and a stage UC. The modulator M1 modulates the output from the generator ASG by the output from the generator RSG, so that the voltage applied to the X deflection plates increases with range, to obtain a generally sectorshaped display (Fig. 8, not shown). The modulator M2 modulates the output from the generator RSG by the input, after full-wave rectification in the stage UC, to the X deflection plates. The resultant voltage when applied to the Y deflection plates gives a more correct sectorshaped display (Fig. 9, not shown). In an alternative arrangement (Fig. 11, not shown), the modulators M1, M2 and the stage UC are omitted. A rectangular display is obtained, providing a perspective effect (Fig. 12, not shown). In another alternative arrangement (Fig. 14, not shown) the modulator M1 is retained, and the modulator M2 and the stage UC are omitted. By making suitable adjustments a trapezoidal display in which the base is broader than the apex may be obtained, so providing an enhanced perspective effect (Fig. 16, not shown).