Patent GB-1021920-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to d.c. restoration in amplifiers
Inventor: CORNEY JOHN VICTOR JAMES
IPC: H04N5/16
Filed: 1963-10-21
Abstract: 1,021,920. Television. FERGUSON RADIO CORPORATION Ltd. Oct. 21, 1963, No. 41538/63. Addition to 923,173. Heading H4F. The invention is concerned with the problem of ensuring that the D.C. level of a signal which includes regularly recurring pulses whose tips represent the maximum excursion of the signal in one direction, e.g. television synchronization pulses or an oscillatory signal, is correctly maintained during amplification, and relates to an electrical assembly comprising a D.C. amplifier 10 having an output stage coupled to a diode MR2 so biased that it conducts only during the said tips which exceed a predetermined level, and a feedback path comprising transistors VT3 and VT4 and diode MR1 between the amplifier output 11 and its input which is brought into operation by the diode only during detection of the tips, so that when the feed-back path is operative the detected tips control the charge on a capacitor C in the amplifier input circuit bringing the input to the amplifier to a quiescent level and stabilizing the amplifier output at the predetermined level. In the quiescent state the voltage of the emitter of transistor VT2 allows a substantial current outflow through diode MR2 and resistor R2 and thus prevents the transistor VT3 from bottoming. If the output voltage at terminal 11 falls, transistor VT3 conducts less, the voltage across resistor R4 is reduced and the conduction of transistor VT4 increases and therefore the output current of transistor VT1 increases and the output voltage of the amplifier rises. Similarly, if the output potential rises, the collector voltage of transistor VT3 falls and offsets the rise. The feedback path thus tends to stabilize the quiescent output voltage of the amplifier at or near zero volts. In operation, a normal video signal, that is with " white " as the positive going polarity is applied through capacitor C to the input of the amplifier. If the input signal is positive diode MR2 is reverse biased which causes transistor VT3 to bottom, the graded-base transistor VT4 to cut-off and diode MR1 to become reverse biased. When a negative going synchronizing pulse is applied at the amplifier input the emitter of transistor VT2 becomes more negative and forward biases diode MR2. The inverted and amplified pulse tip passes to transistor VT4 and in conjunction with the synchronizing pulse at capacitor C forward biases diode MR1 and transistor VT4. Conduction through diode MR1 charges capacitor C to a voltage such that the synchronizing pulses bring the system to its quiescent condition and the tips of the pulses are stabilized at the quiescent emitter voltage of transistor VT2 which is at or near zero volts. If the voltage on capacitor C is already too high to allow the pulse tips to be stabilized at zero volts, then charge leaks away through the base of transistor VT1 and if necessary a shunt resistor from the base of this transistor to the OV rail may be included. The amplifiers shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the parent Specification may be adapted and used with this feedback control.