baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-646968-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of esters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids
IPC: C07C69/80
Filed: 1948-02-16
Abstract: In the preparation of a di-ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a distillable aliphatic mono-hydroxy compound by reaction between the anhydride of the acid and the hydroxy compound in presence of an esterification catalyst, the quantity of hydroxy compound is limited so as to avoid substantial reduction in conversion, based on the hydroxy compound, below the peak conversion obtainable and the di-ester and mono-ester produced are separately recovered, and the mono-ester is employed as part of a further batch together with fresh anhydride and hydroxy compound.  Di-esters of phthalic acid and hydrogenated phthalic acids such as di-and tetra-hydrophthalic acids with methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols and glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether are referred to.  For dimethyl phthalate, the amount of methanol used is at most twice the theoretical, generally less than 50, e.g. 20-30 per cent excess over the theoretical.  About 1-3 per cent of sulphuric acid, based on the weight of phthalic anhydride, is suitable.  Other acid substances such as sodium bisulphate may be used.  The anhydride may first be heated with the theoretical amount of methanol, e.g. at 90-100 DEG  C. for up to 3 hours, unchanged methanol distilled off by raising the temperature 10-30 DEG  C., and additional methanol then added slowly with distillation of water and some methanol.  Recycled mono-methyl phthalate, e.g. 30-35 moles per cent of the anhydride, reduces the amount of methanol used after the first batch.  The reaction product is washed with aqueous alkali such as 10-30 per cent caustic soda to separate dimethyl phthalate from an aqueous layer which is acidified to give monomethyl phthalate for recycling. Reduced pressure may be used for distilling water and excess hydroxy compound where the latter is glycol mono-methyl ether.  Aqueous alcohols, e.g. 90-95 per cent ethanol, may be used.  Examples describe the preparation of dimethyl and diethyl phthalates. Specification 625,203 is referred to.
Patent GB-1413742-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing hydrofluoric acid
IPC: B01D61/44
Filed: 1973-01-30
Abstract: 1413742 Electrodialytic production of hydrofluoric acid ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP 30 Jan 1973 [31 Jan 1972] 4519/73 Heading C7B Hydrofluoric acid is produced from an aqueous solution of a fluoride salt using an electrodialytic unit comprising a plurality of dialysis cells in parallel and provided with electrodes whereby direct current may be passed through the whole series of cells; each dialysis cell comprising a bi-polar membrane between an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, the cation exchange side of the bi-polar membrane facing the anion exchange membrane and also the cathode, and the anion exchange side of the bi-polar membrane facing the cation exchange membrane and the anode, the fluoride salt solution being fed to the space(s) between adjacent anion-exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes, whereby hydrofluoric acid is produced in the adjacent compartment beyond the anion-exchange membrane, and the hydroxide of the cation of the fluoride salt is formed in the adjacent compartment beyond the cation-exchange membrane. The fluoride salt solution to be treated may be derived from a gaseous mixture of silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride produced in production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock, by conversion of the gaseous mixture to fluosilicic acid and hence to the fluoride salt. The hydrofluoric acid produced in the present process may then be concentrated by electrodialysis to a concentration above the azeotrope of hydrofluoric acid and water and fractionally distilled to produce anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and the azeotrope.
Patent GB-372417-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in moving-coil loud speakers
IPC: H04R9/02
Filed: 1931-02-13
Abstract: 372,417. Loud-speakers. GUTHRIE, J. A., Oakland, Tumble, near Llanelly, Carmarthenshire. Feb. 13, 1931, No. 4522. [Class 40 (iv).] A moving coil loud-speaker has the moving coil situated in a single air gap between a pair of inside poles of like polarity and in magnetic continuity and an outer concentric pole of the reverse polarity. Fig. 1 shows a construction in which the moving coil e is located in the gap m between a pair of cores b, b and an outer concentric pole a, the magnetic circuit being completed by the outside core c and endplates d. The cores b may be spigoted at g and separated over the remainder of their faces by non-magnetic material l. The cores are also formed with radial slots to accommodate plain, ribbed or corrugated members f which connect the coil e to a transmission tube h passing through one or both cores to a diaphragm or diaphragms and supported by members i. When an electromagnet is used, the spaces k are filled by the energizing coils. According to a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), the cores b are formed in one piece and movement of the coil e is transmitted to the diaphragm by tubes arranged along the outside of the core b and through the endplate d. Fig. 5 shows a further modification in which the diaphragm is arranged within the magnet structure, movement of the coil e being transmitted by the radial members f to the periphery of the cone. Supports i are provided as shown at the apex and periphery of the cone.
Patent GB-624671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in portland cement base paints
IPC: C04B24/38
Filed: 1947-02-17
Abstract: Portland cement base paint compositions containing Portland cement as the principal constituent also contain from 0.5 to 5.0 per cent, based on the weight of the solid constituents, of methyl cellulose. The composition may either be a dry mixture or the liquid paint and it is preferred that the methyl cellulose is present in from 1.0 to 2.5 per cent.  In examples, a dry mixture, to which water is added at the time of use, is made by mixing 1.0 to 2.5 per cent of low viscosity methyl cellulose with (1) silica sand, calcium chloride, white Portland cement and titanium - barium pigment; (2) aluminium stearate, hydrated lime, calcium chloride, white Portland cement and titanium dioxide.ALSO:Portland cement base paint compositions containing Portland cement as the principal constituent also contain methyl cellulose in amount from 0.5 to 5 per cent based on the weight of the solid constituents.  The composition may either be the aqueous paint or a dry mixture to which water is added just before use.  The preferred amounts of methyl cellulose are from 1 to 2.5 per cent. In examples, a dry mixture, to which water is added at time of use, is made by mixing together 1.0 to 2.5 per cent low viscosity methyl cellulose, white Portland cement, calcium chloride and (1) silica sand and titanium-barium pigment, and (2) aluminium-stearate, hydrated lime and titanium dioxide.
Patent GB-756850-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gardening frames, greenhouses, hot-houses and like structures
IPC: A01G9/20
Filed: 1953-02-20
Abstract: 756,850. Glasshouses. NOBLETT, H. and ELLIOTT, M. Feb. 20, 1953, No. 4762/53. Class 20(1). A garden frame, greenhouse or the like is constituted by a rigid framework comprising parallel supports, each formed by one or more standard rafter members, and joist members connected at right angles to the rafter members, the joists and rafter members consisting of metal pipe or metal bar having a round, angle, rail, channel or other section and the framework so constituted supporting one or more standard frame members furnished with panes of glass or transparent synthetic plastic material. Fig. 4 shows a two-span ridge type garden frame comprising frame members 5 provided with clips 6, 6<SP>1</SP> for engagement with joists 3'which are secured to bent rafter members 1 by bolts 4, Fig. 1, a piece of roofing felt 11 being provided to cover the gap where the frame members meet. Lean-to structures may be formed by straight rafter members, the lower ends of which may be raised by stanchions to give increased height, or by bent rafter members used alone or in conjunction with straight rafter members 1<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 5(d) which may be inclined as shown at 1<SP>11</SP>.. Large frames and small hothouses may be formed by interposing a third bent rafter member between two bent inclined rafter members, the third member being disposed with its apex uppermost to form a ridge type structure or in reversed position, as shown in Fig. 8(b), when it is supported in a trough 12 mounted at the top of a central stanchion 10. Further multi-span hothouses and greenhouses may be constructed by employing a plurality of intermediate stanchions and bent rafter members. Where two or more rafter members or joists members have to be secured end to end, or the rafters have to be secured to stanchions, the connection is made by a piece of rod or a sleeve forced into or on to the adjoining ends or screw-threaded thereto or disposed in or on the adjoining ends and secured by bolts. The lower ends of the rafter members 1 may be prevented from sinking into the ground by interposing a spiked base plate 14, Fig. 17, having a welded nut 19 to receive an eye-bolt 20, the upper end of which is connected to the rafter 1 by a slotted, apertured member 23, Fig. 12. Alternatively, the structure may be rendered movable by providing the lower end of each rafter with a wheel 27 disposed as shown in Fig. 15 or located between the rafter member 1 and the frame member 5 and adapted to run on a track 26 secured to eye-bolts 20, the wheel being mounted on a bolt 29 extending through the rafter member and a slotted member 23 disposed within it. Where tubular joists are employed, they may provide a passage for a heating medium and may be connected together to form a continuous circuit, or one at least of the joists may be perforated for irrigation purposes. The ends of the garden frame or greenhouse may be closed by plain or transparent frame members or panels.
Patent GB-1029851-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle loading lift gate with automatic fold-up device
IPC: B60P1/44
Filed: 1963-02-06
Abstract: 1,029,851. Loading lift gate assembly. ANTHONY CO. Feb. 6, 1963 [March 22, 1962], No. 4810/63. Heading B8E. A lift gate assembly for loading a vehicle is raised and lowered in a horizontal position by arms connected to the loading platform by hinge means which allow the platform to drop into a vertical position when latch means are released. A lift gate platform 10 has hinge members 19 pivotally mounted on it at 36. Outer and inner elevating arms 16, 18 are pivoted to the hinge members at 21, 22 and are operated by an hydraulic cylinder and piston. Latches 45 are biased to engage the hinge member 19 to hold the platform 10 in a horizontal operative position, Fig. 3. To allow the platform to drop the latches are releasable by rotation by a handle 72 of a shaft 53 to which they and a stop lever 71 are secured. To allow the platform to depend vertically, Fig. 8, so that the vehicle can be directly loaded from a dock, a skid shoe 11, Fig. 3, is lowered and the platform is lowered to the ground to relieve the load on the latches 45 when they can then be released by the handle 72 and the arms 16, 18 are raised until safety lock catches 23, 26 engage to hold them in the position of Fig. 8. To restore the platform to the horizontal, a lever 24 is moved to the solid line position, Fig. 9, to cause the operating cylinder to raise the platform to the Fig. 9 position when the handle 72 can be operated to engage the latches 45 with a stop plate and thus to position the stop levers 71 to be engaged by pins 76 on the arms 16, Fig. 7. Movement of the lever 24 to the position A will, because of the engagement of the pins 76 with the stop levers 71, cause the platform 10 to rise to the horizontal by pivoting the hinge members 19 until the latches 45 reengage. A safety latch 90, Fig. 2, prevents release of the latches 45 when the platform is in a raised vertical position acting as a tailboard. In this position an arm 18 will engage a plunger 96 to force it into the path of a latch arm 93 attached to the shaft 53, thus preventing it turning to release the latches 45.
Patent GB-124064-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Magneto-electric Machines.
Inventor: NORTH ROBERT BENSON
IPC: H02K21/32
Filed: 1918-03-19
Abstract: 124,064. North, R. B., and Allen, A. M. March 19, 1918. Magneto-electric machines.-The end walls b, c are formed integral with the base a and are drilled for the reception of the rotary armature h and its bearings, the latter being carried by casings m, u formed with a spigot n and a flange whereby they can be easily fitted in correct alinement; the wall b is recessed to accommodate the gearing 1, z between the armature and distributor spindles; and the inner partition b<1> of the wall b is formed with a hollow chamber 3 of considerable width having its end walls drilled to receive the casings 8, 9 of the bearings for the distributor spindle 2, these casings being fitted similarly to those of the armature spindle bearings. Oil-passages lead from beneath a cover 19 to the chamber 3 and to the casing m. A sight-aperture 16 facilitates adjustment of the wheels for timing the magneto. The laminµ of the pole-pieces x are fitted between the walls b<1>, c, and may compose the whole of the pole-pieces, the usual thick end plates being dispensed with. The electrical arrangements may be as described in Specification 130/15.
Patent GB-139190-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for cutting glass
IPC: C03B33/027
Filed: 1920-02-17
Abstract: 139,190. Empire Machine Co., (Assignees of Waterloo, J.). Sept. 20, 1918, [Convention date]. Cutting glass.-Relates to a machine for both cutting sheets of glass and for breaking them along the line of cut, and comprises a work support and feed of the endless conveyer type provided with transverse cleats of adjustable length affording an edge over which the cut strips are severed by the bending action of a breaker device. The work is kept down on the conveyer in its passage under a stationary cutter by presser rolls disposed on each side of the cutter and delivery and stacking devices are provided for the cut sheets. The conveyer may consist of two belts 4, driven from a motor 14 and to which are secured a series of cleats 5, Fig. 11, having reduced ends 6 and some of which are provided with adjustable pallets 7 furnishing an adjustable edge over which the cut strip is severed by a breaker roll 46. This roll, preferably of wood fibre &c., is transversely adjustable on a rod 49 carried bv a rod 51 trunnioned at 53 in the fixed support 18 and carrying a weight 56. The conveyer is provided at intervals with raised cleats 13 which serve to raise momentarily the breaker roll 46, its subsequent descent under the action of the weight 56 serving to detach the cut strip. The cutting or scoring tool 40 is pivotally mounted in the support 18 and bears on the work resiliently under the action of a spring 42. Pairs of presser rolls, carried by pivoted arms depressed under the action of springs or weights, are disposed on each side of the cutter to control the work in its passage through the machine. The cut strips are received by a belt 58 and conveyed to a stacking chair 62 supported by a spring 64 adapted to be adjusted so that the chair is depressed the width of a glass sheet as each is collected thereon.
Patent GB-654678-A (GB)
Title: Enclosure air conditioning mechanism
IPC: B64D13/08
Filed: 1946-03-21
Abstract: 654,678. Cooling air; refrigerating. GARRETT CORPORATION and TRIGGS, W. W. March 21, 1946, No. 4988/50. Divided out of 654,622 under which a Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Sept. 17, 1946. [Classes 29 and 64(iii)] [Also in Group X] Air to be supplied under pressure to an enclosure, e.g., an aircraft cabin, flows through a heat exchanger 22a in which it is cooled by coolant air moved by means, e.g., a fan 41, located in the coolant air outlet 32 and driven by a turbine 39 which is driven by, and further cools, the cooled air as it leaves the heat-exchanger Specifications 604,301 and 654,622, are referred to.
Patent GB-790958-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric switches of the mercury type
Inventor: GUSTAFSON WALTER G
IPC: H01H51/28
Filed: 1956-02-17
Abstract: 790,958. Electromagnetic relays; mercury contact members for switches; electrostatic switches. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Feb. 17, 1956 [Feb. 18, 1955], No. 5012/56. Class 38 (5). A mercury container 19 has a cupshaped portion 21, a plate 20 and a cover 23, the surfaces 21a, 20a and 23a of which are formed from a material which is wettable by mercury. The plate 20 has a bent-back portion 22 having an aperture so that the mercury 25 forms a meniscus in said aperture for engagement by a movable contact consisting of a tungsten core 18 and chromium covering 17, the core 18 protruding slightly below the covering 17. Since tungsten is wettable by mercury and chromium is not, make and break between the core 18 and mercury 24 is simplified, whereas the part 17 serves to damp the motion of the contact. The construction of the container is said to be such that it is difficult to remove the mercury by inversion of the container or by jarring. The mercury contact may form part of an electromagnetic relay, Fig. 1, having magnetic electrodes 12, 13, and a resilient armature 15 attached to electrode 12. A non-magnetic plate 26 secured to electrode 13 carries a container 19 and a magnetic extension 27. On energization of a coil 56 surrounding the envelope 11, which may be gas-filled, the armature is repelled by electrode 12 and attracted by electrode 13, so that contact 18 engages the mercury. On deenergization, the resilience of the armature restores the parts, vibration of the armature being prevented by a bent blade spring 16, or a flat blade spring (Fig. 6, not shown). In a modification (Fig. 7, not shown) the blade spring is replaced by a coil surrounding the electrode 12 and connected thereto at each end, and in Fig. 8 (not shown) the contacts are normally closed. In a transfer switch Fig. 9, a common electrode 41 carries a pivot 46 on which is a roller 47 to which the armature 49 and a blade spring 48 are secured, the other end of the spring 48 being fixed at 45. The armature 49 carries two movable contacts 50, 51 co-operating with mercury containers 52, 53, the latter being inverted. Magnets may be associated with the actuating system to provide polarized operation. The moving contact may be operated by electrostatic means.
Patent GB-127307-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the Tail Skids or Runners of Aeroplanes.
IPC: B64C25/60
Filed: 1917-04-10
Abstract: 127,307. Vickers, Ltd., Pierson, R. K., and Duncan, T. S. April 10, 1917. Pneumatic s p r i n g s ; dash-pots.-The tail skid of an aeroplane is connected to a pneumatic or other spring having means for retarding the return stroke. Fig. 4 shows a spring device comprising a cylinder C in which works a hollow plunger D leaving an annular space G. A cup-leather F is secured to the upper end of the plunger D, and leather washers K at the lower end of the cylinder form a fluid-tight packing. Compressed air and oil or glycerine &c. are introduced through a valve M and tube N so that normally the plunger is forced outwards until a flange R on the plunger is pressed against a fibre ring L. When the plunger is forced in, liquid passes freely past the cup leather F into the space G, but on the return stroke the liquid can only return through holes J in the plunger. The valve M and tube N may be arranged in the lower end of the plunger. Specification 568/15 is referred to.
Patent GB-880236-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for producing extruded net
IPC: B29C48/05
Filed: 1960-02-12
Abstract: <PICT:0880236/IV (a)/1> <PICT:0880236/IV (a)/2> <PICT:0880236/IV (a)/3> A method of extruding thermoplastic nets comprises extruding a first set of circularly arranged parallel individual fibres 15, extruding a second set of circularly arranged parallel individual fibres 16 concentric with the first set and directing the sets of fibres along intersecting paths so that they fuse together to form a net 18.  The fibres are extruded from dies 11, 13 having orifices 12, 14, and either or both dies may be arranged to rotate at varying speeds to produce different net patterns.  The extruded fibres of one set may be of a different size or spacing from those of the other set.  The fibres are passed over a mandrel 17 of a size as least as great as that of the outer set of fibres to fuse the fibres into the net.  The net 18 may pass through a ring 22 into a heating bath 19 to be radially stretched by a mandrel 20 and/or axially stretched by rollers 21 to produce oriented net. The tubular net may be slit into a sheet.  Details of materials, orientation and stabilization temperatures are given.  More than one layer of nets may be extruded and combined into a rope.
Patent GB-306281-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of thermionic cathodes for electric discharge devices
IPC: H01J9/04
Filed: 1928-02-20
Abstract: 306,281. M.O. Valve Co., Ltd., Reimann, A. L., and Ryde, J. W. Feb. 20, 1928. Vacuum tubes.-The cathodes of electric discharge devices are coated with one or more alkaline earth oxides to which a small amount of metallic thorium is added, the mixture then being heated for a short time. In an example, 5 per cent by volume of finely divided metallic thorium is added to a mixture of equal parts of barium and strontium carbonates, which is suspended in a liquid inert thereto, such as water, and a support formed of platinum-rhodium alloy is dipped into the suspension and dried. After exhaustion of the device containing the cathode so formed, the wire is heated to decompose the carbonates and, after further evacuation, the temperature is raised to 1000‹ C. for a few minutes. An exothermic reduction of the oxides by the thorium is said to take place, and the thorium may be replaced by other metals, such as lanthanum, which produces a similar reaction. The support for the oxides may be formed of platinum, nickel, or tungsten instead of the platinum-rhodium alloy.
Patent GB-486684-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for feeding ammunition belts to machine guns
IPC: F41A9/29
Filed: 1937-02-23
Abstract: 486,684. Machine guns. BOULTON PAUL AIRCRAFT, Ltd., and NORTH, J. D. Feb. 23, 1937, No. 5357. [Class 92 (ii)] Relates to belt-fed machine guns in which the portion of the belt 1a, Fig. 1, entering the feed box of the gun 2 is relieved of strain, arising from the weight of the depending portion 1b of the belt leading to the belt box, by passing the belt over a power driven roller 3. According to the invention, the support, such as 7, of the roller is made yieldable under the belt tension to bring a power-driven friction wheel 10 into driving engagement with a friction wheel on the roller whereby the effort or velocity ratio of the power drive is varied to suit the belt tension. The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is such that, if the tension of the belt increases, the effort of the power drive is automatically increased and, as soon as slack is produced in the part 1a of the belt, the effort of the power drive automatically diminishes. In an alternative arrangement shown in Fig. 5, radial movement of the roller 3 in guides 19 under increased belt tension causes a disc 20 to move over a power driven friction wheel 21 to increase the velocity ratio of the drive.