Patent GB-1080910-A (GB)
Title: Lubricating oil compositions and additives
Inventor: ARDIS ALAN ERIC
IPC: C08F222/14
Filed: 1964-12-22
Abstract: Lubricating compositions comprise a mineral lubricating oil and a viscosity index improving and pour point depressing additive comprising a vinyl acetate/dialkyl fumarate copolymer of molecular weight 1000 to 100,000 and having either an average of 7.6 to 8.6 carbon atoms per alkyl group and consisting of 45 to 55 mole per cent vinyl acetate, 8 to 35 mole per cent C2- 4 alkyl fumarate, 0 to 34 mole per cent C5- 11 alkyl fumarate and 4 to 20 mole per cent of C12- 18 alkyl fumarate; or an average of 8.8 to 10.6 carbon atoms per alkyl group and 40 to 55 mole per cent vinyl acetate, 0 to 7 mole per cent C2- 4 alkyl fumarate, 36 to 45 mole per cent C5- 11 alkyl fumarate and 5 to 10 mole per cent C12- 18 alkyl fumarate; or a mixture of such copolymers.  Specified oils are paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed base oils, and the compositions may also comprise conventional additives, e.g. dyes, antioxidants, tackiness agents, wax-naphthalene condensates, wax-phenol condensates, polybutenes and polyvinyl ethers. Examples describe compositions comprising oils and (I) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and di-2-ethylhexlyl and distearyl fumarates; (II) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and di-stearyl fumarates; (III) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; (IV) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; (V) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diisooctyl, diisodecyl and distearyl fumarates; (VI) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diisooctyl, diisodecyl and distearyl fumarates; (VII) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; (VIII) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; (IX) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diisobutyl, diisooctyl and dilauryl fumarates; (X) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dibutyl, dilauryl and distearyl fumarates; (XI) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; (XII) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethyl 2-ethylhexyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarate; (XIII) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and diethyl, diisooctyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates; and (XIV) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates.ALSO:Lubricating oil additives comprise a copolymer of vinyl acetate and dialkyl fumarates of molecular weight 1000  to 100,000 and having an average of 7.6 to 8.6 carbon atoms per alkyl group and consisting of 45 to 55 mole per cent vinyl acetate, 8 to 35 mole per cent di(C2- 4 alkyl)fumarate, 0 to 34 mole per cent di(C5- 11 alkyl)fumarate and 4 to 20 mole per cent di(C12- 18 alkyl)fumarate; or having an average of 8.8 to 10.6 carbon atoms per alkyl group and consisting of 40 to 55 mole per cent vinyl acetate, 0 to 7 mole per cent di(C2- 4 alkyl) fumarate, 36 to 45 mole per cent di(C5- 11 alkyl) -fumarate and 5 to 10 mole percent di(C12- 18 alkyl)fumarate; or a mixture of such copolymers. The copolymers may be prepared by copolymerizing the monomers in bulk, in solution, e.g. in benzene, toluene, chlorobenzenes, hexane and lubricating oils, or aqueous suspension or emulsion, e.g. in the presence of suspending agents such as ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; in the presence of catalysts, e.g. diethyl peroxycarbonate, peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, benzoyl peroxide or 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide. Examples describe the polymerization of diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, diisooctyl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate (I) in bulk in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide and (II) in chlorobenzene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide; diethyl, dissooctyl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate in water in the presence of (III) polyethoxy ethanol, sodium carbonate and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide and (VII) polyethoxylated tridecylalcohol, sodium carbonate and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide; (IV) diethyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl-fumarates and vinyl acetate in the presence of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide; (IX) diisobutyl, diisooctyl and dilauryl fumarates and vinyl acetate in the presence of lauroyl peroxide; (X) dibutyl, dilauryl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate in the presence of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide; (I, VII and XI) di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates, (II) di-butyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates and (XII) ethyl 2-ethylhexyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates with vinyl acetate in the presence of 2,4-dichlorobezoyl peroxide; (VIII) dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate in the presence of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide; (XIII) diethyl, diisooctyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate in water in the presence of of polyethoxyethanol, sodium carbonate and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide; and (XIV) dibutyl, di-2-ethylhexyl and distearyl fumarates and vinyl acetate in water in the presence of polyethoxylated lauryl alcohol, sodium carbonate and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide.