Patent GB-1034202-A (GB)
Title: Wax-containing compositions
IPC: C11D17/00
Filed: 1963-05-10
Abstract: Detergent concentrates are prepared by mixing particulate castor wax (i.e. hydrogenated castor oil) with water in the presence of a water-soluble C8-C18 alkyl mononuclear aryl sulphonate at above 160 DEG  F. to form a homogeneous liquid mixture which is cooled at a rate of not more than 5 DEG  F. per minute to give a stable homogeneous dispersion substantially free from palpable lumps or crystals. The sulphonate is preferably an alkyl benzene sulphonate although toluene and xylene derivatives may also be used, the associated cations being Na, K, NH4, mono- or tri-ethanolamine, or isopropanolamine.  The dispersions may contain 1-18% castor wax and 1-25% sulphonate.  In the examples, the sulphonate is sodium tridecyl benzene sulphonate containing sodium sulphate impurity.  The concentrates may be diluted with water and/or other materials to form detergent compositions. For example, a liquid detergent may be made by mixing a concentrate as above, water, and the same or a different detergent, the final composition containing 0.1-1% castor wax and 5-50% total detergent.  Other detergents which may be present include many conventional anionic and non-ionic detergents, which are listed, and the compositions may also contain one or more hydrotropic alkali metal lower alkylaryl sulphonates, fatty acid alkylolamides, carboxymethylcellulose or salts thereof, cellulose ethers, cellulose sulphates, vinyl polymers, alkali metal polyphosphates and silicates, and solvents, e.g. ethanol, urea, or glycerine.ALSO:Particulate castor wax is mixed with water in the presence of a water-soluble C8-C18 alkyl mononuclear aryl sulphonate detergent with agitation at above 160 DEG F. forming a homogeneous liquid mixture which is cooled at a rate not in excess of 5 DEG F. per minute to give a stable homogeneous dispersion substantially free from palpable lumps or crystals.  In a preferred embodiment, an alkali metal higher alkyl benzene sulphonate detergent is used at 180 DEG  to 200 DEG F. and the composition cooled at the specified rate between 130 DEG  and 150 DEG F.  The alkyl aryl sulphonate is preferably an alkyl benzene sulphonate although toluene and xylene derivatives may also be used. The alkyl substituent may be branched such as nonyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl or mixtures thereof derived from polymerising lower olefins.  Straight chain alkyl groups may may also be used e.g. n-decyl, n-dodecyl and keryl while the preferred alkyl groups have C12-15 e.g. tridecyl benzene sulphonate which has a mixture of polymerized olefins forming the alkyl group corresponding on the average to a tridecyl group.  These sulphonate detergents may be used as their Na, K or nitrogen-containing salts e.g. ammonium, isopropanolamine, mono- and tri-ethanolamine.  The preferred grade of castor wax has m.p. 84-87 DEG C., I2 number 6% max., acid value 0.2% max. saponification value 17.5-18.5% KOH, 0.98-1.00 S.G. at 20 DEG C. Another grade specified has I2 number 8.5% max. and hydroxyl number 155-165.  The aqueous dispersion disclosed may contain 1 to 18% preferably 4 to 14% castor wax and 1 to 25% preferably 2-20% sulphonate detergent.  In the examples the sulphonate detergent used is sodium tridecyl benzene sulphonate with sodium sulphate as an impurity in the sulphonate.  Additives to the dispersion during or after manufacture may be compatible detergents, perfumes, colouring materials, corrosion or tarnish inhibitors, soil-suspending agents, optical bleaches or fluorescent dyes, viscosity modifiers or organic solvents.  Compatible detergents may be sulphonated compounds (e.g. higher alkyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensates, sulphated fatty alcohols, higher alkyl sulphates, sulphuric acid esters of polyhydric alcohols incompletely esterified with higher fatty acids, higher fatty acid esters of lower alkylol sulphonic acids, higher fatty acid ethanolamide sulphate, higher fatty acid amide of aminoalkyl sulphonic acids, higher alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates) or non-ionics (e.g. polyonyalkylene condensates of alkyl phenols, polyonyalkylene esters of various organic acids and of higher fatty acid amides, polyonyalkylene ethers of higher alcohols, higher alkyl mercaptans and thioalcohols condensed with ethylene oxide, polyonyethylene condensates with polyonypropylene glycols).  A liquid detergent composition is made by taking a dispersion of the above composition mixing in water and the same or a different detergent and forming a homogenous liquid pourable at room temperature which contains 0.1-1 wt% castor wax and 5-50 wt % total detergent.