baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010016469-A (KR)
Title: Opening and shutoff type powdered milk injection device
Inventor: LEE SO HA
IPC: B65D83/06
Filed: 2000-12-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A powdered milk injection device is provided to promptly and hygienically inject the powdered milk of accurate amount to a milk bottle of a narrow inlet and to hygienically store powdered milk for one month use. CONSTITUTION: A powdered milk injection device comprises: a screw support separator(4) pushing up a powdered milk container(2); a combining screw(6) combined with the powdered milk container; a tube opening and shutoff circular panel(14), a content indication tube(24), a mobile opening and shutoff operating unit(16); and an injector(22). A center shaft(18) operating a closing device is formed circular to rotate in the content indication tube. A grip(8) connected with the center shaft and exposed out of the content indication tube is formed square. The mobile opening and shutoff operating unit is formed in the shape of an impeller to be fitted into a locking unit(20) protruding outwardly for simple locking and unlocking, and mounted on the shaft. When powdered milk is injected, the operating unit shuts off the tube by making horizontal the tube opening and shutoff circular panel after being fitted into the tube. Upon standing up the tube opening and shutoff circular panel by turning the grip, the powdered milk of desired amount is injected to a milk bottle. The injector in contact with the milk bottle meets the standards of the inlet of the milk bottle, and is formed in separable bottle cap screw type to be opened for injection.
Patent KR-20010025356-A (KR)
Title: According to the result of a game(victory or defeat), Game Server Management System costing differently gamers
Inventor: AN GI JU
IPC: G06Q50/34
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: The system for operating the game server paying game fee is provided to suggest a new business model for a profit creation by using a server system by which expenses are applied differentially to each gamer in accordance with victory or defeat of a game. CONSTITUTION: A server computer determines whether a user is a member(110) when connected to a user(100) and induces a member joining if the user is a member(120). A gamer starts a game(200). The server computer records victory or defeat of the game according to time in DB(210) when a game ends and reports a final result data of games to a gamer and a manager of the gamer computer when a gamer quits a connection with the server computer finally(220).
Patent KR-20020049386-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor memory device capable of masking operation of write data at test and the method thereof
Inventor: HAN GYU HAN
IPC: G11C29/00
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device capable of masking write data during a test and a data masking method are provided, which masks write data selectively. CONSTITUTION: A data write circuit(500) includes a write buffer enable signal generation part(510), MUX parts(521,522,523) and write buffers(531,532). The write buffer enable signal generation part comprises a 2-input NOR gate(511) generating a write buffer enable signal(ENB) in response to a DA mode signal(DAMODE) and a write signal(WEEN). The MUX parts select one of row access control signals(RQ<7:0>) and data signals(DQ<7:0>) in response to a selection signal(SEL). The selection signal is generated by a 2-input NAND gate and an inverter inverting an output of the 2-input NAND gate. The write buffers output the row access control signals(RQ<7:0>) and the data signals(DQ<7:0>) selected by the MUX parts as write data(WE<7:0>) in response to the write buffer enable signal and a write enable signal(TESTWE) and an inverted write enable signal(TESTWEB).
Patent KR-20020058130-A (KR)
Title: Method for the preparation of ketone
Inventor: CHON CHOL HO
IPC: C07C45/29
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a process for producing a ketone by reacting an aldehyde and an olefin, which improves the efficiency of a catalyst, therefore, it can improve yield and shorten the reaction time. CONSTITUTION: The ketone is produced by reacting an aliphatic or aromatic aldehyde and a vinyl olefin having an aliphatic or aromatic alkyl group in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, a 2-amino pyridine derivative, a primary amine, and an acid as a catalyst and additives, wherein the transition metal catalyst is at least one or two selected from the group consisting of a rhodium monovalent catalyst, a catalyst of the rhodium monovalent and a phosphine compound, a rhodium trivalent catalyst, a catalyst of the rhodium trivalent and the phosphine compound, a ruthenium catalyst, and an iridium catalyst.
Patent KR-20020058363-A (KR)
Title: Voice handling apparatus for real time voice recognition and control mathod thereof
Inventor: YOON JONG GEUN
IPC: G10L15/30
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A voice processing device for real-time voice recognition is provided to supply a multichannel real-time voice recognition service, and to increase voice recognition devices only when multi-recognition functions are requested, thereby minimizing system resources. CONSTITUTION: A voice processor(10) transmits voice data incoming through a PSTN, or transmits a recognition result to a user. Transmitting/receiving managers(20, 50) monitor whether any failure is generated in transmitting/receiving channels, and manage transmissions/receptions of transmitted/received data to lower transmitting/receiving processors(30, 60) without failures. The transmitting processor receives the voice data to check a physical error only of the data, and transmits the data. The receiving processor analyzes the recognition result, and transmits the analyzed result to the voice processor. A voice recognition processor(40) inputs the voice data to recognize the data, and transmits a predefined code to the receiving manager.
Patent KR-20010021567-A (KR)
Title: 금속 옥사이드의 초미세 분말의 제조 방법
IPC: C01B13/36
Filed: 1998-04-29
Abstract: 본 발명은, 계면활성제를 금속 옥사이드의 제조용 용액에 첨가하여, 진공 또는 고압 조건을 사용하지 않고 ㎚의 금속 옥사이드 분말을 제조하는 금속 옥사이드의 초미세 분말의 신규한 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010022836-A (KR)
Title: 탈수된 게를 사용하는 식품 보충용 조성물
IPC: A61K35/56
Filed: 1998-08-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 탈수시킨 게로부터 만들어지며, 150∼250 g/kg의 단백질, 200,000∼300,000 mg/kg의 칼슘, 10,000∼15,000 mg/kg의 인, 및 200∼300 mg/kg의 철을 함유하는 식품 보충용 조성물을 제공한다.  상기 조성물은 직접 섭취하거나 액상 또는 고형 식품 또는 음료와의 혼합물 상태로 섭취할 수 있다.  상기 조성물은 철, 칼슘 또는 단백질이 부족한 사람에게 유익하며, 천식환자가 복용할 경우 천식증상을 경감시킨다.
Patent KR-20010022891-A (KR)
Title: METHOD FOR INFLUENCING THE p53 LINKAGE TO TARGET GENES
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 1998-08-07
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for influencing the p53 binding to a target gene, wherein the conformations of p53 and the target gene are coordinated especially by means of conformation modulators and the binding of p53 can be directly or indirectly detected.
Patent KR-20010023698-A (KR)
Title: 가변 레이트 통신 시스템에서 엔코딩 레이트를 제어하기위한 방법 및 시스템
IPC: H04W88/18
Filed: 1998-05-08
Abstract: 통신 시스템에서 엔코딩 레이트를 제어하기 위한 방법 및 시스템은 복수의 가변 레이트 보코더(34)에서 네트워크 중재기와 같은 통신 링크 출력 제어기(24)로 전송되는 피드포워드 비율 정보(48) 및/또는 레이트 소망 정보(50)를 이용한다.  다음에 통신 링크 출력 제어기(24)는 피드백 제어 신호(32)를 선택된 가변 레이트 보코더로 송신하여, 병목이 검출될 때 음성 패킷의 재엔코딩이 용이하도록 선택된 가변 레이트 보코더의 엔코딩 레이트를 바꾼다.  다른 실시예에서, 네크워크 중재기(134)는 병목이 발생할 수 있다는 것을 결정할 때 음성 패킷 데이터를 부수적으로 그리고 독립적으로 수정할 수 있다.  네크워크 중재기(134)는 또한 대응하는 가변 레이트 보코더가 그 필터 상태를 조정하여 수렴을 유지할 수 있도록 드롭된 패킷이 발생한 가변 레이트 보코더에 대해 패킷 수정 제어 신호(132)을 통신한다.
Patent KR-20010033296-A (KR)
Inventor: RIZZARDO EZIO
IPC: C07C329/04
Filed: 1998-12-11
Abstract: A free radical polymerization process suitable for synthesizingpolymers is disclosed. The process utilizes novel sulfur based chain transfer agents and is widely compatible over a range of monomers and reaction conditions. Novel polymers having low polydispersity and predictable specific polymer architecture amd molecular weight are produced by the process. The polymers produced by the process are suitable for use as binders in automotive OEM and refinish coatings.
Patent KR-20010034412-A (KR)
Title: 수차측정장치와 측정방법 및 이 장치를 구비한투영노광장치와 이 방법을 이용한 디바이스 제조방법,노광방법
IPC: G01M11/02
Filed: 1999-05-19
Abstract: 피검광학계 (PL) 를 통과한 광속을 소정면 (IP) 상에 집광시키는 집광렌즈 (L) 와, 광속의 일부를 통과시키기 위한 개구 조리개 (AP) 와, 소정 면 (IP) 상에서의 상기 개구 조리개를 통과한 광속의 일부의 집광위치 (P) 의 위치 편차를 검출하는 집광위치 검출부 (DET) 와, 상기 개구 조리개를 상기 광속의 광축과 교차하는 방향으로 이동시키는 이동부 (M) 와, 상기 집광위치 검출부 (DET) 로부터의 출력신호에 기초하여 상기 피검광학계 (PL) 의 수차를 산출하는 연산처리부 (PC) 를 가진다.
Patent KR-20010041379-A (KR)
Title: 엘리베이터용 인장부재
IPC: B66B7/10
Filed: 1999-02-19
Abstract: 엘리베이터 시스템(12)용 인장부재(22)는 1보다 큰 면 비율을 가지고, 상기 면 비율(aspect ratio)은 두께(t)에 대한 폭(w)의 인장부재 비율(w/t)로 정의된다.  면 비율의 증가는 종래 엘리베이터 로프와 대비하여 증가된 가요성과 최대 로프 압력의 감소를 초래한다.  그 결과로, 보다 작아진 활차(24)가 이러한 타입의 인장부재(22)에 사용될 수 있다.  특정한 실시예에서는 인장부재(22)가 코팅의 공통층 내에 싸여진 복수의 개별적 하중 운반 로프(a plurality of individual load carrying ropes)를 구비한다.  코팅 층(28)은 견인 활차(24)와 결합하는 결합 면(30)을 형성하고 개별 로프(26)를 분리한다.
Patent KR-20010042526-A (KR)
Title: 칼실리틱 화합물
IPC: A61P19/10
Filed: 1999-04-08
Abstract: 신규한 칼실리틱 화합물, 상기 화합물을 함유하는 제약 조성물 및 칼슘 수용체 길항제로서의 그의 용도.
Patent KR-20010034823-A (KR)
Title: 동평면 발진기 회로 구조물
IPC: H03B5/18
Filed: 1998-04-24
Abstract: 소스(40) 및 게이트(36) 단자 사이에 삽입되는 공통 드레인(38)이 포함되는 구조의 공통 드레인 발진기가 형성되도록, 플립 칩 금속화 패턴 및 베이스 기판 금속화 패턴을 가지는 발진기 회로(20)가 형성된다. 상기 발진기 회로는 고주파에서 발진기 전력 및 위상 잡음을 저하시키는 와류 인덕턴스 요소를 감소시키도록, 유효 RF 공통 참조를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020066431-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling power on wide-band wireless telecommunication system
Inventor: LEE JONG WON
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2001-02-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling power in a W-CDMA system is provided to select a Node B having the best radio environment among the Node Bs connected with a UE(User Equipment) and to transmit data with the power of a desired level according to power control information that the selected Node B requires. CONSTITUTION: A UE monitors the power of each connected Node B(401), and judges whether a call connection request is generated(402). In case that the call connection request is generated, the UE connects with a Node B having the best radio environment among the monitored Node Bs(403) and proceeds with the call(404). Then the UE continues the monitoring of the power of the connected Node Bs and neighbor Node Bs(405). Then the UE compares a power measurement result for an arbitrary Node B with an arbitrary reference value settled for the call connection(406). In case that the power measurement result is larger than or equal to the arbitrary reference value, the UE checks the radio environment of each connected Node B and neighbor Node B(408). The UE analyzes whether a neighbor Node B similar to the radio environment of a connected Node B exists(409). If a similar Node B exists, the UE connects the call with the new Node B(410). Then the UE monitors the power of each connected Node B and selects a Node B having the best radio environment(411). The UE reports the selection result to the connected Node Bs(412). The selected Node B transmits radio environment control information and data to the UE(414), and the other Node Bs transmits only radio environment control information to the UE(415).
Patent KR-20020067104-A (KR)
Title: Cigarette case for assisting nonsmoking
Inventor: AHN HO EUNG
IPC: A24F15/12
Filed: 2001-02-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a cigarette case for assisting to quit smoking, which shows smoking data, a phrase and an image for inducing the moderation of smoking. CONSTITUTION: The cigarette case for assisting to quit smoking is characterized by containing cigarette holding parts in both insides of upper and lower case, a front panel part on the outside of the upper case, which displays data, a phrase and an image for inducing the moderation of smoking, a control part on the outside of the lower case, which controls the data, the phrase and the image, and an open and shut unit of the case.
Patent KR-20020067779-A (KR)
Title: Flash Map Search Service with Chatting at Same Time
Inventor: CHO JUNG YEOL
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2001-02-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A service for a reverse directional Flash map carrying out the simultaneous search with the chatting is provided to enable a user to find a place visually with the approximate position by using the reverse directional search without knowing a store name, an address and a telephone number and to minimize a size of a file by applying the animation effect of the Flash. CONSTITUTION: The user receives an intrinsic personal DB allocated from a server by inputting a user ID and a password to the server(110,120,130). The user confirms a simultaneous access of the friend's ID previously registered by the user by using the allocated DB(310). The confirmed friend, and a general user and a society member searching the same region are displayed on a screen(320). The user exchanges the chatting through a dialog window and the information coordinates with the confirmed friend, the general user and the society member(330). The counterpart sees the same screen by sending the exchanged coordinates to the counterpart.
Patent KR-20020068568-A (KR)
Title: Solder ball mounting methods for ball gride array substrate
Inventor: JUNG GWI TAE
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2001-02-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for mounting a solder ball on a BGA(Ball Grid Array) substrate is provided to reduce an error rate of the solder ball by loading safely the solder ball on the BGA substrate. CONSTITUTION: A BGA substrate(100) is loaded on a substrate transfer table(110). The BGA substrate(100) is transferred to a solder ball supply unit(300). A pattern plate(400) of the solder ball supply unit(300) is closely contacted with an upper portion of the BGA substrate(100). A ball box(310) is formed at one side of the solder ball supply unit(300). A solder ball(200) of the ball box(310) is transferred to a ball hole(410) of the pattern plate(400). The ball box(310) has an entrance connected with an upper portion of the pattern plate(400). A shutter(330) is formed at the entrance of the ball box(310) in order to open or shut the entrance of the ball box(310). The shutter(330) is operated by an operating portion(340). An ejecting portion(500) is connected with a rod(520) of an operating device.
Patent KR-20020068776-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK GYEONG HO
IPC: G03G15/00
Filed: 2001-02-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A printer and control method thereof is provided to prevent contamination of photosensitive medium caused due to the shortage of printing paper, while avoiding waste of ink or toner. CONSTITUTION: A printer comprises a light scanning unit(15a to 15d) for scanning the light corresponding to image information to a photosensitive medium(1); a developing unit(18a to 18d) for developing the electrostatic latent image formed by the light scanning unit; transfer units(29,31) for transferring the image formed at the photosensitive medium to a paper; an engine driving unit(55) for driving the light scanning unit and the developing unit; a paper feeder unit(35) having a paper transfer distance shorter than the image transfer distance, and which is installed onto the main body of the printer; a residual amount sensing unit(45) for sensing the residual amount of paper; and a control unit(50) for controlling the engine driving unit to perform a normal printing mode when the residual amount of paper sensed by the residual amount sensing unit is higher than a predetermined threshold level, and a contamination prevention mode when the residual amount of paper is lower than the predetermined threshold level.
Patent KR-20020071129-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE EUN KOO
IPC: C09J133/04
Filed: 2001-03-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a modified polyester adhesive for exterminating moths and harmful insects in a greenhouse, which has improved adhesiveness and durability and is little affected by ultraviolet rays. CONSTITUTION: The modified polyester adhesive is produced by a process comprising the steps of: polycondensing propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, isophthalic acid, and fumaric acid in the molar ratio of 1:1.25:1.3:0.7; adding an excess of 0.025-0.15wt% of hydroquinone to stop the reaction; adding 5-15wt% of a petroleum resin and 2-7wt% of NBR or SBR; adding 62-80wt% of polybutene(MW1300.90%+MW2700.10%) and polymerizing. Additionally the modified polyester adhesive contains a UV stabilizer and a saccharide mixture.
Patent KR-20010110986-A (KR)
Title: 생산관리장치 및 공조장치의 생산방법
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2001-03-16
Abstract: 제품제조에 있어서의 제품개발부터 수주, 자재 수배, 조립작업 등의 생산관리장치 및 제품 재고의 최소화를 지향한 생산관리방법에 관한 것으로서, 제품재고를 쌓아놓지 않고 고객 요구 납기를 만족시킬 수 있고 또 고객의 주문정보를 곧바로 생산에 반영시킴과 동시에 고객, 공장, 부품 제조업체가 필요한 정보를 공유화해서 수주에서 생산까지의 효율을 향상시키기 위해, 고객이 필요로 하는 제품사양을 메뉴표에서 고객 자신이 선택해서 수주사양을 생성하는 메뉴수주사양 생성수단을 갖고, 고객이 화면에서 제품의 사양과 납기를 입력해서 수주제품을 결정하는 수주관리수단; 수주제품의 사양과 납기에 따라서 부재조달/창고관리, 공방라인관리 및 물류관리에 대한 지시를 실행함과 동시에 생산 대응 정보에 따른 계획관리를 실행하는 메뉴생산 관리수단 및; 수주관리수단에 의한 수주정보에 의해 제품의 납입 및 보수를 서포트하는 고객관리수단을 마련하였다. 
     이러한 구성으로 하는 것에 의해, 고객의 요구에 맞는 제품의 공급이 가능하게 됨과 동시에 수주한 것을 짧은 납기로 대응할 수 있어 공장에서의 제품재고를 최소로 할 수 있다는 효과가 얻어진다.
Patent KR-20010069403-A (KR)
Title: Public Web-Call-Phone and client service business model based on Web-server/telephone service provider Call-server integration
Inventor: JUNG YOUN CHAN
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2001-03-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A public web call phone and a client management/service business model based on unifying a web server and a call server for a telephone network communication business man is provided for a user using a telephone being directly connected to a personal computer connected to the Internet and a PSTN or connected through a PBX to telephone through a homepage by linking a web server of a company to a call server for a telephone network communication business man. CONSTITUTION: If a client searches the homepage of a wanted company in a browser of a computer(C1) and clicks the corresponding charged person, (a client source telephone : S1) message is transmitted to a web server, and a member is identified whether the user is a member or not. The web server senses the charged person telephone number(T1) wanted by the client(1), and a packet-typed message(S1, T1) message is transmitted from the web server to a designated communication business man call server(IP address : A0)(2). The call server receives IP packets from a plurality of web servers and performs a total queuing process of a call connection request(3). The call server(11) transmits a third party call connection control interface of one's exchanger(11)(4). The communication business man exchanger(11) calls a telephone(S1)(5). The communication business man exchanger(11) calls a telephone(T1), thus the client's telephone(S1) and the charged person's telephone(T1) are connected through a public telephone network(6). The web server makes the charged computer(LC1) perform a screen pop of the S1 client information(7).
Patent KR-20020074567-A (KR)
Title: apparatus for power supply in indicating element
Inventor: KIM HAK SU
IPC: G09G3/30
Filed: 2001-03-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A power supply of a display device is provided to minimize load capacity of a DC-DC converter by forming one channel in the DC-DC converter and forming the other channel by the formed channel. CONSTITUTION: An organic EL(Electro-Luminescence) panel(60) has in a shape of matrix and emits light. A data driver(40) and a scan driver(50) are used for emitting the light by applying current to the EL panel(60), selectively. A DC-DC converter(10) is used for supplying the power to one channel. A forward portion(30) is used for supplying current to the data driver(40) by using the power of the DC-DC converter(10). A reverse voltage control portion(70) is used for controlling the power of the forward portion(30). A reverse portion(20) supplying current to the scan driver(50) and preventing a cross-talk phenomenon in a displaying process of the organic EL panel(60) by using the controlled power of the reverse voltage control portion(70). At this time, the DC-DC converter(10) supplies the power from the outside to the forward portion(30).
Patent KR-20020076086-A (KR)
Title: Aloe root cactus wine
Inventor: CHOI GIL JA
IPC: C12G3/04
Filed: 2001-03-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are an alcoholic drink using aloe roots and cacti as main ingredients and its manufacturing method, therefore the manufactured alcoholic drink has special pharmaceutical efficacies of aloe without its peculiar taste. CONSTITUTION: The alcoholic drink using aloe roots and cacti as main ingredients is characteristically manufactured by the steps of: mixing 600-800 part by weight of aloe roots, 70-150 part by weight of cacti, 30-60 part by weight of jujube, and 1600-2000g of Soju(korean traditional spirit) having 30% of alcohol content; and fermenting and aging it.
Patent KR-20010095133-A (KR)
Inventor: WATARAI SEIICHI
IPC: H03K5/13
Filed: 2001-03-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a high resolution digital phase control circuit of power- saving and small area type where increase in power consumption and in the circuit occupied area are minimized. CONSTITUTION: The digital phase control circuit 10 consists of a voltage controlled delay line VCDL1 where delay buffers G1-G10 whose propagation delay time is 160 ps are connected in cascade, a voltage controlled delay line VCDL2 where delay buffers H1-H8 whose propagation delay time is 200 ps are connected in cascade, a selection circuit S2 that extracts a clock signal from any stage of the voltage controlled delay line VCDL1 and outputs the signal to a first stage of the voltage controlled delay line VCDL2, and a selection circuit S3 that extracts and outputs a clock signal from any stage of the voltage controlled delay line VCDL2. Delay locked loops DLL1, DLL2 apply feedback control to the voltage controlled delay line VCDL1 and the second voltage controlled delay line VCDL2 to control the phase of a clock signal where the difference of 40 ps between the 160 ps and the 200 ps is used for the resolution.
Patent KR-20020076732-A (KR)
Title: Wind tracking and guiding wind power turbine with low rotating resistance
Inventor: YOON HUN CHAN
IPC: F03D3/00
Filed: 2001-03-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wind power generating apparatus at a low rotational resistance having functions tracing and guiding the wind direction is provided to improve the practical use and reduce the rotational resistance of the rotational winds, thereby maximizing the generation efficiency of the rotational wings. CONSTITUTION: A wind power generating apparatus(100) at a low rotational resistance having functions tracing and guiding the wind direction is composed of a cylindrical rotation housing(50) for the trace and guide of the wind direction having a wind direction tracer and wind direction guide integrally formed with each other, and multi-stage rotating wings(30) installed in the housing to rotate the housing in accordance with the wind direction traced by the wind direction tracer.
Patent KR-20020078810-A (KR)
Title: Method for suppressing grain growth of metal layer resulted from succeeding thermal treatment and method for manufacturing semiconductor device including metal layer formed using the same
Inventor: JU JAE HYEON
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 2001-04-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device is provided to prevent a leakage current of a capacitor from increasing while guaranteeing a crystallization characteristic of a dielectric layer, by controlling the growth of grains on the surface of a lower electrode, an upper electrode or a contact plug. CONSTITUTION: A metal layer(110) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(100). A capping layer(120) is formed on the metal layer. A heat treatment process is performed after the capping layer is formed. The capping layer is eliminated. Charged particles are accelerated to collide with the exposed metal layer.