baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010072882-A (KR)
Title: 섬유-강화 열가소성 수지 성형제품을 제조하기 위한 방법및 그 방법에 의해 제조된 성형제품
IPC: A43B23/16
Filed: 2000-06-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 열가소성 수지 성형제품을 제조하기 위한 새로운 방법에 관한 것으로서, 섬유-강화 열가소성 수지 기재 및, 예컨대 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 안전화용 팁토우 코어와 같은 성형제품에 전단응력을 적용하지 않고 효과적으로 가열함으로써, 높은 기계적 강도 및, 열로 인한 수지의 실질적인 열화가 없는 섬유-강화 열가소성 수지 성형제품을 제조하기 위한 새로운 방법이 제공된다. 
     스트링 형태 또는 테이프 형태의 섬유-강화 열가소성 수지 기재 P1 을 관(11)과 같은 용기에 분산 및 축적시키고, 축적된 기재에 가열 가스를 통과시켜 기재 P1 을 가열 용융시키고, 바람직하게는 플런저(15)로 프레스함으로써, 용융체 P2 가 형성되고, 이어서 상기 용융체 P2 를 몰드로 옮겨서 프레스-성형시킨다.    상기 기재는, ρ 1 이 분산 및 축적된 상기 기재의 밀도를 의미하고 ρ 0 가 상기 기재의 진밀도를 의미할 때 다음 식 1/100 ≤ρ 1 /ρ 0 ≤1/2 을 충족하는 것이 바람직하다.
Patent KR-20010080371-A (KR)
IPC: B29D30/18
Filed: 1999-10-20
Abstract: 제 1 카커스 층(3a)은 토로이드형 지지체(11)상에, 연속적인 스트립형 절편(2a)으로부터 일정 길이로 절단되며 각각이 엘라스토머 층(20)내에 포함되는 길이방향 세선형 요소들(17)로 이루어지는 제 1 및 제 2 스트립형 절편(13,14)열들을 배열함으로서 제조된다. 상기 제 1 열들의 절편들(13)은 끝단 플랩들에 비드부들에 있는 각각의 강화구조들(4)의 제 1 주요부들(4a)이 부착되는 측면부들(13a,14a)을 형성하기 위하여, 서로 주어진 원주방향 거리로 연속적으로 배열된다. 상기 환형구조들(4)의 주요부들(4a)을 덮는 각각의 끝단 플랩들(14a)과 더불어, 상기 제 2열들의 절편들(14)은 두 개의 상기 제 1 열의 절편들(13)사이에 각각 개재된다. 상기 제 1 카커스 층들에 대해 교차되게 배치되며 대향되는 측면들상에서 상기 환형 강화구조들(4)의 제 2 주요부들을 덮는 제 3 및 제 4 스트립형 절편(15,16)열들과 더불어, 제 2 카커스 층(3b)은 상기 제 1 층과 동일한 방법으로 제조된다. 상기 환형 구조의 추가부들(24)은 상기 제 2 열들에 속하는 절편들(14)의 끝단 플랩들(20a)에 부착된다.
Patent KR-20010100965-A (KR)
IPC: C07D453/02
Filed: 1999-10-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 하기 화학식 I로 나타내는 피롤리딘 화합물, 이것의 광학 활성 이성질체 또는 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염에 관한 것이다.  또한, 본 발명은 화학식 I의 화합물, 이것의 광학 활성 이성질체 또는 약학적으로 허용 가능한 염과 약학적으로 허용 가능한 첨가제를 함유하는 약학 조성물에 관한 것이다.  본 발명의 화합물은 세로토닌 2 수용체에 길항작용을 하고, 혈소판 응집 억제 작용, 말초 순환 개선 작용 및 누액 분비 촉진 효과를 더불어 갖는다.  따라서, 본 발명의 화합물은 혈전 색전증, 안구 건조 등에 효과를 나타내는 약제로서 유용하다: 
     화학식 I
Patent KR-20010092799-A (KR)
IPC: A61P25/24
Filed: 1999-10-25
Abstract: 시탈로프람을 제조하기 위한 화학식 4의 화합물 
     (화학식 4) 
     
       
     
     (상기식에서, R은 C 1-6 알킬, 아실, C 1-6 알킬술포닐 또는 아릴술포닐이다) 
     과 3-(N,N-디메틸아미노)-프로필 마그네슘 할라이드와의 반응을 포함하는 시탈로프람의 제조 방법. 
     다른 측면에서, 본 발명은 화학식 4의 신규한 중간체를 제공한다. 또 다른 측면에서, 본 발명은 화학식 4의 중간체의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010108201-A (KR)
Title: 열 교환 장치를 내부에 갖춘 비금속제 식품 또는 음료용기
IPC: A47G19/22
Filed: 2000-01-19
Abstract: 본 발명은 비금속제 외측 용기(120) 및 상기 외측 용기(120)에 영구적으로 고정된 금속제 내측 용기(142)를 포함한다.  내측 용기(142)는 작동 시 외측 용기 내에 들어 있고 내측 용기의 외측면과 접촉되는 식품 또는 음료의 온도를 변경시키는 물질을 포함한다.  바람직하기로는, 외측 용기는 식품 등급 유리, 플라스틱 또는 내부가 방수되는 종이 제품으로 제조되고, 내측 용기는 이 외측 용기에 각각 용접된 나사산이 있는 플러그 또는 와셔(150) 등의 부재로 외측 용기에 영구적으로 고정된다
Patent KR-20010113747-A (KR)
IPC: C08L101/00
Filed: 2000-03-03
Abstract: 지방산, 지방산 에스테르 및 카르복실산 금속염 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 내부 이형제를 포함하고, 하기 화학식 I의 폴리(디메틸실록산) 계면활성제를 사용하는 내부 이형제 시스템에 대하여 설명한다.  이소시아네이트 성분, 이소시아네이트 반응성 성분 및 상기 계면활성제를 사용하는 폴리우레탄 반응계도 설명한다. 
     <화학식 I> 
     
       
     
     식 중, R은 H, C 1 내지 C 20 알킬이거나 C 6 내지 C 25 아릴이고; 
     x는 약 1 내지 약 24이고; 
     y는 0 내지 약 10이고; 
     m은 약 1 내지 약 25이고; 
     n은 0 내지 약 100이며, m은 x를 곱할 때 약 1 내지 약 600이 되는 수이다.
Patent KR-20020000783-A (KR)
Title: Antifouling paint composition and product coated therewith
Inventor: SUEHIRO MASUMI
IPC: C09D7/12
Filed: 2001-01-26
Abstract: An antifouling paint composition which comprises (a) a non- hydrolyzable polymer having a film-forming property and a Young's modulus of from 0.01 to 10 MPa at 25°C in its unvulcanized state, (b) a solid antifouling substance and (c) a dispersing medium or a solvent. The composition can be readily applied to a substrate and the resulting coated film on the substrate has an excellent antifouling property for a long period. An antifouling painted product is obtained by coating the antifouling paint composition on a substrate.
Patent KR-20020010648-A (KR)
IPC: B41J2/325
Filed: 1999-09-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 바인더(binder)를 포함하는 착색제를 리본으로부터 균일하지 않은 열 전도도와, 비평면형 인쇄 표면과, 비균질성 구조 또는 화학적 비친화성을 구비하는 웹의 제1 표면에 인쇄하는 열 물질 이동 인쇄 방법에 관한 것이다.  상기 웹의 제1 표면은 열 물질 이동 인쇄 전에 예열된다. 착색제를 포함하는 리본의 표면은 가열 웹의 제1 표면과 대향하여 경계면에 배치된다.  상기 웹은 열 인쇄 헤드에 대하여 이동한다.  선택적으로 열 인쇄 헤드로부터 리본에 국부적인 열을 가하고, 경계면에 압력을 인가하여 가열 웹의 리본으로부터 착색제의 전달을 유발시킴으로써 인쇄가 종료된다.
Patent KR-20020018675-A (KR)
IPC: A61K47/26
Filed: 2000-03-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 섭취품 중의 무기질의 맛을 은폐하는 방법 및 조성물에 관한 것이다.  특히, 탄닌산, 글리시리진 및 아세술팜 칼륨을 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 철, 구리, 크롬, 아연 및 이의 혼합물과 같은 무기질을 포함하는 조성물에 첨가하여 이들 무기질과 연관된 불쾌한 맛 또는 뒷맛을 감소 또는 제거한다.
Patent KR-20020034084-A (KR)
Title: Adhesive, adhesive member, circuit substrate for semiconductor mounting having adhesive member, and semiconductor device containing the same
IPC: C08K5/00
Filed: 2000-06-15
Abstract: An adhesive, which is an adhesive composition comprising two kinds of resins which when the composition is in a B-stage state, separate from each other into a disperse phase and a continuous phase, a hardener and a curing accelerator, wherein in the B-stage state, the curing accelerator is compatible with the disperse phase and separates from the continuous phase, the B-stage state being a state wherein, as measured by using differential scanning thermal analysis, 10 - 40% of heat to be generated by complete curing of the adhesive composition has been generated.
Patent KR-20020013905-A (KR)
IPC: H05H1/46
Filed: 2000-06-01
Abstract: 본 발명의 플라즈마 처리장치는, 처리용기와, 처리용기내에 배치된 제1전극을 갖추고 있다.  제1전극은 프로세스 가스를 처리용기내로 공급하기 위한 복수의 가스분산구멍과, 계측광용의 개구부를 갖추고 있다.  제1전극의 가스분산구멍 및 개구부에 대해 한쪽에 소정의 간격을 두고 제2전극이 대향배치되어 있다.  전원장치가, 제1전극과 제2전극 사이에 전력을 인가하여 제1전극과 제2전극 사이에 플라즈마를 발생시킨다.  창부재의 광로가, 계측광용의 개구부의 다른쪽에 연접(連接)하고 있다.  상기 가스분산구멍이 소정의 배열로 형성되고, 상기 개구부는 상기 가스분산구멍의 배열을 방해하는 일없이 상기 가스분산구멍과는 별개로 형성되어 있다.  본발명에 의하면, 감시용 창으로서의 개구부 및 광로의 존재에 관계없이 처리용기내로 프로세스 가스를 균일하게 공급할 수 있고, 균일한 플라즈마 처리를 실시할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20030060303-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK IN GYU
IPC: G11C7/10
Filed: 2002-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: An input buffer of a semiconductor device is provided to minimize the power consumption at a standby mode by improving a structure of the input buffer. CONSTITUTION: An input buffer includes a data input portion(20), an input control signal generation portion(10), and a data passing portion(30). The data input portion latches data in response to an input control signal. The input control signal generation portion receives a control signal and a clock signal in order to generate the input control signal to the data input portion. The data passing portion provides the data to an input terminal of the data input portion only when the control signal belongs to a particular logical state. The data passing portion includes a transmission gate(TG3) and a latch(L3).
Patent KR-20030061915-A (KR)
Title: An analog-digital-hybrid communication system for a FM HiFi wireless audio link
Inventor: HONG SEONG MO
IPC: H04B7/24
Filed: 2002-01-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: An FM wireless audio communication device in an analog/digital hybrid form for hi-fi audio transmission is provided to maximize user's convenience and enhance stability of an audio communication channel by adding a digital data transmission/reception unit to each receiver. CONSTITUTION: A master module(22) includes an FM audio/FSK data transmitter(2) for transmitting an FM audio signal and digital data, and an FSK data receiver(4) for receiving the digital data. The master module(22) also includes a controller(6) for controlling the units(2,4) and analyzes the digital transmission/reception data, and an electric field strength measuring unit(8) for analyzing a use state of a channel. A slave module(24) includes an FM audio/FSK data receiver(12) for receiving an FM audio signal and digital data, and an FSK data transmitter(14) for transmitting the digital data. The slave module(24) also includes a controller(16) for controlling the units(12,14) and analyzes the digital transmission/reception data.
Patent KR-20020062221-A (KR)
Title: Market Trend Analyzing Method and Market Trend Analyzing Device
Inventor: ISHII YOSHIKAZU
IPC: G06F19/00
Filed: 2002-01-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a technique to analyze information observed on a market trend objectively and to give an appropriate evaluation to each piece of information in an observation result. CONSTITUTION: An input data arranging part 2a of an information processing device 2 rearranges data of market trend obtained from a result of observation of market trend and produces a predetermined form of data set. A wavelet transform processing part 2b implements a discrete system wavelet transform to the data set and, by a wavelet spectrum obtained from this, indicates an amount of information of an element value of data set for each rate of change. Also, a multiplex resolution analysis processing part 2c implements a reverse wavelet transform against each level of the obtained wavelet spectrum and obtains a result of the multiplex resolution analysis corresponding to each resolution level of the data set. A multiplex resolution analysis result processing part 2d adds up these results of the multiplex resolution analysis or implements a calculation of correlation with the data set or the like.
Patent KR-20030064919-A (KR)
Title: A new lignan compound and a hypoglycemic agent comprising the lignan compound as active ingredient
Inventor: CHO UI HWAN
IPC: C07D307/20
Filed: 2002-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a novel lignan compound with excellent activity of lowering blood sugar and broad safety range in oral and peritoneal dispensing. The compound represented by formula 1 is separated from Carduus crispus L. and formulated as an oral drug for diabetics. CONSTITUTION: The compound is prepared by extracting flower part of Carduus crispus L. with a mixed solvent of water and alcohol, concentrating the extract under pressure, taking methylene chloride fraction and carrying out chromatography and gel filtration.
Patent KR-20030066128-A (KR)
Title: Coin shifting and supply apparatus
Inventor: JANG IN KI
IPC: G07F1/00
Filed: 2002-02-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A coin supply apparatus is provided, which transports coins smoothly and prevents coins from being worn and thus manages them healthfully. CONSTITUTION: A coin is inserted to a coin insertion part(110), and the coin is sent out from a coin exhaustion part(120). A driving skrocket(200) and a follower sprocket(201) are combined to a top and bottom part of a supporting plate(101) of a supporting frame(100) comprising a coin guide and a chain guide. A chain are wound around the driving skrocket and the follower sprocket in an endless type, and a coin transport pin is combined to the chain. And a driving motor(210) rotates the driving skrocket.
Patent KR-20020024240-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM GI SENG
IPC: B62B13/14
Filed: 2002-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A roller sled is provided to effectively perform braking and steering by compacting structure, to reduce the production cost, and to make carrying along easy. CONSTITUTION: A roller sled comprises bodies(10,12) which a user gets on, main and auxiliary wheels(20,25,26) installed on the bodies, a brake wheel(35) installed behind the bodies, an operating bar(40) rotatably combined to the bodies, a connecting member(45) for connecting the operating bar with the brake wheel, and a brake installed on the operating bar. Footsteps(5) are prepared at both sides of the upper body to help a user gets on the roller sled. A spring is installed between the lower body and the upper body to absorb vibration. A vertical shaft(30) is combined to the rear portions of the bodies. Since the vertical shaft is installed to rotate horizontally, the brake wheel rotates horizontally. The main wheel is braked by lifting up the brake wheel, and the roller sled is steered smoothly. Braking is performed smoothly by adjusting the tension of the connecting member.
Patent KR-20030068771-A (KR)
Title: Artificial mineral fibers sound and heat insulating panel
Inventor: CHOI GYEONG SU
IPC: E04F15/18
Filed: 2002-02-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mineral fiber soundproof and adiabatic panel is provided to effectively cut off any noise and promote insulation effect by using an inorganic matter. CONSTITUTION: The process of installing mineral fiber soundproof and adiabatic panel comprises: clearing away impurities or sludge on the floor; applying adhesives to the soundproof and adiabatic panel, then attaching the panel to a wall and the bottom of slab; taping the wings(3) of the panel to prevent sludge inflow at the following step; placing cellular concrete over 45mm high on the adiabatic panel, then curing the concrete; installing heating pipes and placing protective mortar. Consequently the main structure gets separated from the Ondol structure, therefore noise between floors decreases and the adiabatic efficiency improves.
Patent KR-20030071170-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for near field optical pick-up
Inventor: HONG SAM YEOL
IPC: G11B11/24
Filed: 2002-02-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A near field optical pick-up is provided to insert a focusing ring between a slider and a solid immersion lens to correctly condense light focus on a recording layer according to a focusing operation. CONSTITUTION: A near field optical pick-up is constructed in such a manner that an object lens(23) is arranged on a slider(31) that records/reproduces data while tracking the track of an optical disk and a solid immersion lens(21) is located under the slider. A focus ring(20) is placed between the bottom face of the slider and the solid immersion lens. The focus ring is composed of a piezoelectric element. A voltage is applied to the focus ring to change the thickness of the focus ring so as to move the solid immersion lens up and down.
Patent KR-20020071738-A (KR)
Inventor: MIYATA AKIRA
IPC: G06Q50/10
Filed: 2002-03-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: To shorten time until receiving prints by reducing a labor hour in printing a digital image. CONSTITUTION: Image data stored in a server such as an image service site are preliminarily read with a portable telephone set, and a thumbnail image data having a small amount of data are downloaded. The portable telephone set transmits the thumbnail image data or an image number for identifying the image data to a print vending machine. The print vending machine automatically downloads corresponding image data (having a large amount of data) from an image service server and prints the corresponding image data.
Patent KR-20020022747-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN KYUNG HO
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2002-03-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A characavatar(character avatar) service system is provided to make the cahracavatar by placing an avatar provided by a site on a character, to collect the making characavatar in one page and to enable the characavatar to be a product by outputting the combined page. CONSTITUTION: The system includes a user PC, a member site being accessed by a user, a page loading a character of member, a database capable of individually storing the member page, and a group page capable of outputting the collected characavatar. The system equips a program enabling the user and concerning people to make a characavatar and upload the making characavatar to the group page, and a payment program. After a micropayment, the user connects to the characavatar site and requests a characavatar by uploading a photo. The site makes a character for a face and the user creates the characavatar with the characavatar.
Patent KR-20020075272-A (KR)
Inventor: OGURA HIROSHI
IPC: B23K26/00
Filed: 2002-03-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A laser working dielectric substrate and method for working same and semiconductor package and method for manufacturing same are provided to realize a high-performance, inexpensive semiconductor package using a dielectric substrate having an extremely low dielectric constant and loss, particularly a semiconductor package that is extremely low in heat loss, high in performance but excellent in mass producibility and suited for a high-frequency circuit on a high frequency band including micro and millimeter wave bands, and manufacturing method for same. CONSTITUTION: A dielectric substrate(1) for laser working characterized in that a dielectric substrate contains a substance having a size of a half to 10 times of a wavelength of laser light(8) and different in refractive index from a material of the dielectric substrate. According to the dielectric substrate, the substance different in refractive index from a material of the dielectric substrate is in a volume content ratio of 5% - 50%. The dielectric substrate material is glass or resin. And the substance different in refractive index from a material of the dielectric substrate is bubble(2). And the resin is any one selected from polyimide, liquid-crystal polymer, benzocyclobutene and polyphenylene ether.
Patent KR-20020034113-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG SEUNG GYU
Filed: 2002-03-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An online real time education service method is provided to connect a lecturer with a student over the internet, and to enable the lecturer and the student to make a real time education and response over an electronic blackboard. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises steps of a lecturer and a student logging in a main server of a service site and the main server authenticating the lecturer and the student(S100-S130), the main server checking if the log-in user is an operator, a lecturer or a student(S140), in the case that the accessing user is a lecturer, the lecture opening a lecture course, registering a lecture time and setting a lecture cost(S150), then the lecturer executing an electronic backboard and waiting for an access from students(S160-S170), the lecturer checking a deposit of an accessing student and determining if allowing an online education for the accessing student(S180-S200), the lecturer checking which kind of education is demanded, personal or grouped(S210-S220), the lecturer performing a corresponding education(S230), the lecturer checking a payment for the education fee if the lecture is finished(S240-S250), in the case that the accessing user is a student, the student searching for opened lectures and accessing lecturer(S260), the student checking a profile, a rate or a lecture fee on a lecturer(S270), the student requesting a lecture while selecting a lecture kind, personal or grouped(S290-S310), the student checking a lecture fee and paying for the lecture fee if the lecture is finished(S320-S340), and in the case that the accessing user is an operator, the operator performing a management operation(S350).
Patent KR-20020033140-A (KR)
Inventor: NOH BEOM SEOP
Filed: 2002-04-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system and method for operating an internet shopping mall through the performance comparison of the product are provided for a consumer to reduce the time waste of finding the desired product in the lowest price by offering the price and performance of every product of many companies through the screen of a relevant site. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a server and the internet shopping malls(23,24). An IP(Information Provider) operating the shopping mall displays the price-lowest product of every company and the performance comparison data of every product to the consumer through the internet(22). The consumer accesses the server of the IP operating the internet shopping mall through a consumer PC(21). When the consumer takes the purchase order through the consumer PC, the server connected to the internet shopping mall processes the purchase order of the consumer. In addition, the server is placed on an IDC)(Internet Data Center(25) for the security.
Patent KR-20030081633-A (KR)
Inventor: YUK JIN HONG
IPC: H01L21/50
Filed: 2002-04-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stacking apparatus for a lead frame is provided to be capable of automatically loading the lead frame at high speed and preventing the generation of failure when transferring and stacking the lead frame. CONSTITUTION: A stacking apparatus(10) for a lead frame is provided with a frame(11), the first transfer part(100) installed at one side of the frame, the second transfer part(200) installed at the other side of the frame for transferring a lead frame transferred from the first transfer part, to a predetermined loading position, and a shutter part(300) for stacking the lead frame transferred from the second transfer part. At this time, the first transfer part includes at least a pair of first guide plates horizontally installed parallel with the frame and a plurality of transfer rollers installed at the first guide plates in series.
Patent KR-20030082667-A (KR)
Title: Holographic digital data storage/reproducing system and addressing method thereof
Inventor: NOH JAE U
IPC: G03H1/00
Filed: 2002-04-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system for storing and reproducing holographic digital data, and A method for addressing thereof are provided to generate a plurality of address codes by using a fewer bits, thereby improving a code rate. CONSTITUTION: A bit setting unit(121) calculates the total number of pages to be stored in a storage medium for deciding the number of bits necessary for addressing codes. A code generating unit(122) divides the bits into one reference bit, m bit page dividing group, and n reference groups formed of m bits, wherein two bits of the m bits are selectively "on" and the reference bit value becomes "on" to generate the addressing codes. A code recording unit(123) records the "on" bits and data by having a predetermined difference in an incident angle of a reference beam. An output unit(110) outputs data output from the storage medium by pixels, and transmits the addressing code related to the output data. A group reading unit(124) judges the number of the reference groups by dividing the bit number except the last m bit and the reference bit by m, and compares values of bit values of the reference groups for reading the group to which the reproduced page belongs. A page reading unit(125) reads information of the page which is being reproduced, by using the bits having the minimum difference.
Patent KR-20020081673-A (KR)
Inventor: BAILEY RANDY L
IPC: G11C29/56
Filed: 2002-04-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: The method of generating trigger signal and waveform expression are provided to enable a user of the memory tester to apply the scope mode to any pre-existing test programs without having to modify them to produce stable repetitions. CONSTITUTION: A method is composed of:(a) for each ALU hardware register in the plurality thereof, selecting any combination of bit positions, including none, that are to contribute to generating the trigger signal; (b) associating a separate trigger value register with each ALU hardware register; (c) for each trigger value register associated with an ALU hardware register that had at least one bit position selected in step (a), loading into those same bit positions that were selected the bit for bit value that the associated ALU hardware register is to have for the trigger signal to be generated; (d) for each trigger value register, selecting the same combination of bit positions that was selected in step (a) for the corresponding ALU hardware register; (e) for each pair of ALU hardware and associated trigger value registers, bit-wise comparing for equality the selected combination of ALU hardware bits with the selected combination of bits in the associated trigger value register; and (f) generating a trigger signal upon a determination that step (e) indicated equality.