baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-920035-A (GB)
Title: Process of manufacturing basic alkaline earth metal petroleum sulphonates
IPC: C10M159/24
Filed: 1961-07-10
Abstract: Oil solutions of basic alkaline earth metal petroleum sulphonates are obtained by sulphonating a petroleum lubricating oil, reacting the sulphonated oil with a basic ammonium-containing material to form an ammonium petroleum sulphonate, extracting the ammonium sulphonate from excess oil using water and a lower aliphatic alcohol which contains not more than 4 carbon atoms, evaporating the separated ammonium petroleum sulphonate solution and dissolving the sulphonate in a neutral petroleum lubricating oil, diluting the resulting solution with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, mixing the solution with ammonium carbonate (i.e. a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and carbamate), an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide, and water, and allowing the mixture to react.  The ammonium carbonate may be prepared in situ by the interaction of gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide in the presence of water.  The ammonium petroleum sulphonate may be obtained by neutralising with ammonium hydroxide the product obtained by treating a lubricating oil fraction of medium viscosity with sulphuric acid or sulphur trioxide.  After extracting with, for example, about 40% aqueous isopropyl alcohol at 45 DEG C., the separated ammonium petroleum sulphonate solution is evaporated while adding a neutral lubricating oil such as refined heavy spindle oil. The resulting solution is diluted with a volatile hydrocarbon such as benzene, and reacted with ammonium carbonate, an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide, and water, the reaction being accompanied by the evolution of ammonia gas. When reaction is complete, the mixture is preferably heated to about 150 DEG C. to drive off water and the hydrocarbon solvent, and the oil solution of the required sulphonate is then freed from insoluble solids.  Alternatively, insoluble solids may be removed after first expelling water and ammonia from the reaction mixture by refluxing.  In examples, a 36% solution of ammonium petroleum sulphonate in refined spindle oil is (1) diluted with toluene and reacted with ammonium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and water; (2) diluted with benzene together with the addition of water, and reacted with ammonia, carbon dioxide and lime; (3-6) diluted with benzene and reacted with ammonium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and water; (7) diluted with benzene and reacted with ammonium carbonate, barium oxide and water; (8) diluted with benzene and reacted with ammonium carbonate and barium hydroxide octahydrate. Specification 791,212 is referred to.
Patent GB-1263541-A (GB)
Title: New acrylates and methacrylates
IPC: A61K6/884
Filed: 1969-05-15
Abstract: 1,263,541. Acrylates and dimethacrylates. ESPE FABRIK PHARMAZEUTISCHER PRAPARATE G.m.b.H. 15 May, 1969 [15 May, 1968], No. 24942/69. Heading C2C. The invention comprises compounds of the Formula I wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, X is an alkylidene or sulphone radical and Y is an alkylidene C 1-5  or oxyalkylene C 2-5  radical. They are prepared by the usual esterification methods, including transesterification. 2,2-bis-(p-γ-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)-propane is obtained from 3-chloro-1-propanol and bisphenol A. Bis-(p-γ-hydroxypropoxyphenyl sulphone) -is obtained from 3-chloro-1-propanol and 4,4<SP>1</SP>- dihydroxy-diphenyl sulphone.  2,2-bis-(p-#-hydroxy-n-pentoxy)phenyl propane is obtained from pentene-1,2-oxide and bisphenol A. When polymerized the compounds of Formula I may be used as dental fillings.
Patent GB-501332-A (GB)
Title: An improvement in guy-ropes as used for tents and the like
IPC: E04H15/32
Filed: 1938-08-25
Abstract: 501,332. Guy-ropes. HILL, W. Aug. 25, 1938, No. 24995. [Class 109] Guy-ropes for tents &c. are provided with a yielding link consisting of a length of rubber f, or a spring i to each end of which is secured a ring g. The link may be enclosed within a telescopic casing on the inner member k of which is a mark or graduated scale, or a pointer h may be placed on one of the rings g.
Patent GB-230748-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical switches
IPC: H01H19/58
Filed: 1923-12-21
Abstract: 230,748. Cox, F. B. Dec. 21, 1923. Regulating switches; contacts.-The fixed contacts of electric switches are formed as single blades, the co-operating movable contacts, consisting of two - part springs bearing contact portions adapted to engage the opposite sides of the fixed contacts. As applied to the switch described in Specification 230,566, the fixed contacts K, Figs. 5 and 6, are formed of U-shaped copper strips bent over blades k<1> of phosphor-bronze which are held in recesses m<5> of adjustable contact carriers M supported on insulating bars J. The movable contacts, Figs. 3 and 4, consist of copper jaws P attached to blades 0 of phosphor bronze which are clamped in carriers clamped in the rotatable insulated switch shaft A<1>. The securing screws q<7> may be surrounded by a tapered sleeve q<6>, Fig. 7, engaging corresponding recesses in the holder Q and blades O. In a further modification reinforcing springs O<1> may be provided as shown in Fig. 15 and flexible connections O<3> between the blades P and holder Q as shown in Fig. 16. In Fig. 17 the fixed contact K<1> is of wedgeshape. The Specification describes the application of such contacts to the faceplate and drum type of regulating switches. Specification 231,227 also is referred to.
Patent GB-998531-A (GB)
Title: Mechanism for controlling the gas pressure in furnaces
Inventor: DAVIES EWARD BRETT
IPC: F23L13/00
Filed: 1963-06-24
Abstract: 998,531. Regulating draught. CAWOOD WHARTON & CO. Ltd. June 24, 1964 [June 24, 1963], No. 25043/63. Heading F4B. A mechanism for maintaining a desired pressure in a furnace under normal operating conditions, comprises a sector-shaped member 4, fitting closely in an opening in a casing 1 leading to a chimney 2 adjacent the furnace, mechanically connected to a butterfly damper 14 in the chimney downstream of the opening. The member 4 is rigidly suspended from a bar 5 rotatably mounted through the casing 1, one end of which carries a counterweight 6 and the other a sleeve 8 linked to the damper 14 by rods 9, 12 and 13. The sleeve 8 and the rod 5 are interconnected by coil spring 16. Pressure variation in the casing 1 causes movement of the member 4 which is transmitted through spring 16 and rods 9, 12, 13 to the damper 14 to effect a corresponding regulation. In an explosion within the casing 1 the wedgeshaped member 4 is flung right out of the opening, this movement opening damper 14 fully, until its further movement is limited by a stop (not shown). Inward movement of member 4 is limited by lug 15.
Patent GB-1347111-A (GB)
Title: Methods of and apparatus for cooling an electrical member
IPC: H01B12/00
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1347111 Refrigerating SOC GENERALE DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES ET MECANIQUES (ALSTHOM) 19 April 1971 [31 March 1970] 25072/71 Heading F4H In apparatus for cooling an electrical member, e.g. a coil 2, Fig. 1, contained in a cryostat 1 having thermal insulation 3, gas under pressure, e.g. helium from a source 4 passes through a first heat exchanger coil 7 immersed in a chamber 8 containing liquid nitrogen, a second heat exchanger coil 10 surrounding the chamber 8 to a third heat exchanger coil 15 and an expansion valve. The expanded gas produces a cold mixture of gaseous and liquid helium which is used both to cool a bath of liquid helium in which the coil 2 is immersed and to cool the coil 10 on its way to exhaust 17a. A compressor (not shown) may be connected to the tube 17a. The level of liquid helium in the cryostat may be held constant by a level gauge 17 acting on an expansion valve 5. As shown the source 4 of compressed helium is a bottle. In the form of Fig. 2 a compressor 19 supplies gaseous helium via a heat exchanger pipe 20 immersed in liquid hydrogen in a vessel 21 to heat exchangers 22-25 around superconducting coil 26, to a heat exchanger pipe 27 immersed in liquid helium in an annular vessel 28 and into the hollow conductors of the coil 26 to cool the coil. After passing through the coil the helium returns to vessel 28 via pipe 29 and expansion valve 30 serving to keep the liquid level constant and to supply gaseous helium to the heat exchangers 22-25 and to thermal screens 32-34 before passing back to the compressor. In a further embodiment, Fig. 3 (not shown) for cooling cables, the cable consists of hollow conductors in a thermally insulated enclosure to which the compressed gaseous helium is supplied through a conduit outside the enclosure. The conductors are surrounded by cooled thermal screens. The compressed helium passes through the wall of the enclosure to a heat exchanger coil in a chamber full of liquid helium or nitrogen. The cooled helium then passes through heat exchanger coils welded to the cable screens and expands into a chamber surrounding the cables. The expanded gas returns through more heat exchanger coils on the screens and through a thermal screen round the chamber of liquid gas and into the return conduit. The chamber of liquid gas is connected to an external supply pipe. The invention is stated to be also applicable to cooling the rotor of an alternator.
Patent GB-161607-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric rail and other metal body bonds and like connecting devices
IPC: B60M5/00
Filed: 1919-10-14
Abstract: 161,607. British Insulated & Helsby Cables, Ltd., and Astley, J. W. Oct. 14,1919. Rail bonds; couplings.-In the manufacture of rail bonds or like electrical connecting-devices, laminµ of strips or ribbons of metal are wound or laid over one another, being doubled and bent at their ends as in Fig. 1, and the end portions are swaged together cold in a swaging-press and thus rendered practically solid and of cylindrical form. The ends 1 thus formed are dissected into holes of the same size and form in socket members 2 and neck portions 4 of the socket members are then pressed up so as to form an absolute mechanical contact with the swaged ends of the strands. The neck portions 4 may be somewhat wider than the swaged end portions 1 which may themselves be larger in diameter than the width of the larminµ. After inserting the ends in the sockets they and the cylindrical portions should be raised to a welding heat and welded. The socket portion, in the case of a rail bond, has a part .3 in the form of a plug for attachment to the rail.
Patent GB-419978-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve circuits
IPC: G05F1/52
Filed: 1933-09-11
Abstract: 419,978. Automatic regulation. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsway, London, and FOOT, J. B. L., c/o General Electric Co., Wembley, Middlesex. Sept. 11, 1933, No. 26117. [Class 38 (iv).] Valves 1, 2, acting as leaky grid and anode bend detectors respectively have their output circuits coupled so that the sign of the voltage difference between points 14, 15, depends on the magnitude of the alternating voltage applied to their input. The outputs of the two valves vary oppositely as the magnitude of the alternating input varies, so that at one value of the input, the two outputs are equal and no potential difference occurs between 14, 15, while at higher or lower inputs the potential difference between 14, 15, will be positive or negative respectively. The potential difference between 14, 15 may control gas-filled triodes 17, 18 whose outputs include relays 19, 20, so that variation of the input to valves 1, 2 will cause actuation of one or other of the relays 19, 20 which may adjust the input. Specification 188,391, [Class 40 (iii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-293681-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in starting and operating luminous electric discharge tubes
IPC: H05B41/22
Filed: 1927-09-23
Abstract: 293,681. Rainbow Light, Inc., (Assignees of Machlett, R. R.). July 9, 1927, [Convention date]. Vacuum tubes.-Luminous electric discharge tubes applicable to flashing neon beacons and of the type with internal electrodes and rarefied gas filling and operating with high current consumption of 0.1 to 10 amps. or more, are supplied from a secondary of a main transformer connected to the main electrodes and of insufficient voltage to start the tubes, the discharge being started by applying to the main electrodes high voltages equal in phase and magnitude with respect to a central auxiliary electrode or other point of the circuit. The starting means may comprise two auxiliary transformers 9, 10 with secondaries 13, 14 connected in opposition in series across the leads 4 from the main transformer 6 to end electrodes 2 of the tube 1, a common connection 15 being made to a central electrode 3 symmetrically arranged with respect to the electrodes 2. The secondaries 13, 14 give low currents, say 10 milliamps, of high voltage sufficient to start the tube 1 and are evenly balanced to avoid their discharge through the secondary 5 of the transformer 6, this secondary 5 being of sufficient reactance to prevent discharge of one of the secondaries 13, 14 through it should the branch of the tube 1 connected to the other start first. Steady operation of the transformer 6 is ensued by designing it with sufficient reactance or by a separate reactance coil 8. The single tube 1 may be replaced by two two-electrode tubes in series, the lead 15 being connected to one end electrode of each tube, or by a series of tubes of any length with the lead 15 connected to the approximate midpoint of the series. The coils 13 and 14 or 13, 14 and 5 may be secondaries of a single transformer.
Patent GB-704338-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in lagging members for mines
IPC: E21D17/01
Filed: 1950-10-16
Abstract: 704,338. Mine roof supporting bars ; fish-plate connections. GROETSCHEL, K. M. Oct. 16, 1950 [Oct. 24, 1949], No. 25161/50. Class 20 (2) Lateral or both lateral and longitudinal displacement of a mine roof support bar, e.g. of I- or box-section, relative to a supporting prop is prevented by forming the outer edges of the bar with continuous marginal recesses such as a<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 1, or with recesses such as a', Fig. 1, or b<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 3, spaced along the length of the bar, the recesses being so arranged that projections on the prop head project into the recesses at any position along the length of the bar without hampering the seating between the bearing surfaces of the bar and prop head. Fig. 1 shows two embodiments, the rib a', offset from the bottom of the bar by a distance at least equal to the height of a prop head projection, forms a continuous recess which, when provided on each side of the bar, prevents lateral displacement only. If both sides are formed with the rib a<SP>2</SP> which is corrugated to form recesses of appropriate depth, both lateral and longitudinal displacement is prevented. An I-section bar may be provided with similar arrangements. Instead of providing a separate continuous rib, the lower flanges of an I-section bar may be offset vertically as shown at b<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 3, to form recesses spaced along the length of the bar or alternatively the lower flanges of an I-section or box-section bar may be offset laterally to form lateral projections between which the projections on the prop head engage. As shown in Fig. 7 the recesses b<SP>5</SP> formed by vertical offsets of the upper and lower flanges may be used to join two bars end to end by means of fish-plates e<SP>1</SP>, the offsets engaging in corresponding recesses formed in the plates e'. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 679,882.
Patent GB-1021061-A (GB)
Title: Shock absorber spring units
Inventor: PALMER ANTHONY EDWARD
IPC: B60G17/044
Filed: 1963-06-25
Abstract: 1,021,061. Shock absorbers. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. June 11, 1964 [June 25, 1963], No. 25180/63. Heading F2S. A shock absorber unit for a motor vehicle, and generally of the kind described in Specification 969,703 is characterized in that the upper compartment 71 of the spring chamber 47 contains a variable rate spring such as a mass of microcellular polyurethane. The axiallycontiguous parts of the elastomer spring preferably have different variable rate springing characteristics. Figs. 3, 4, (not shown), illustrate end connections for the unit. In alternative arrangements the two compartments 71, 72 of the spring chamber are separated by a floating piston the spring compartment 71 accommodating a variable rate metal spring, such as a volute band, or metal wire spring of inverted conical shape, or a microcellular polyurethane. spring.
Patent GB-352785-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to convertible vehicles capable of being used as fire engines
IPC: H01T1/08
Filed: 1930-08-22
Abstract: 352,785. Fire-engines. DAIMLERBENZ AKT.-GES., Unterturkheim, Stuttgart, Germany. Aug. 22, 1930, No. 25194. Convention date, Aug. 22, 1929. [Class 47 (ii).] Relates to motor vehicles, particularly municipal vehicles, wherein bodies of different types can be dismountably secured to the chassis to adapt the vehicle to various uses, for example as a water cart, refuse cart, or lorry, and consists in mounting permanently at the rear end of the chassis a a fireextinguishing pump b of high output. By this arrangement, the vehicle is ready at all times for service as a fire-engine, whatever body may, at the time, be mounted on the chassis. The suction and delivery pipes of the pump are shown at c, d. The pump has double walls for cooling the cooling water of the motor, and has a dry suction device to obviate the provision of a priming tank.
Patent GB-1314415-A (GB)
Title: Process for treating substrates of thin magnetic films
IPC: C25F7/00
Filed: 1970-05-26
Abstract: 1314415 Electrolytic treatment in making a magnetic memory element SOC INDUSTRIELLE HONEYWELL BULL 26 May 1970 [27 May 1969] 25276/70 Heading C7B [Also in Divisions H1 and H3] In a process for making a magnetic memory element comprising a copper substrate bearing a uniaxially anisotropic thin magnetic film, the substrate prior to coating, is immersed in 5-45% aqueous HCl at ambient temperature for about 1 minute while using the substrate as an electrode. The attack of the acid on the copper is regulated  by using a constant current density of a value selected to give a non-destructive readout threshold H BR  of at least 115 millioersteds and a minimum difference between this and the threshold of coherent rotation H B  in the subsequently applied magnetic coating, the magnetic layer being virtually insensitive to the action of stray magnetic fields. The current density value is obtained by determining, on sample memory elements, curves of H BR  and H B  as functions of current density at constant HCI concentration. The copper substrate, e.g. a copper-coated copper-beryllium alloy wire, may be used as anode or cathode according to whether the attack on the copper is desired to be expedited or partially inhibited. The rate of attack on the copper can be made constant by incorporating 60 mg-1À3g/l of copper ions into the bath. In an Example, a copper wire traverses an electrolysis tank containing 10% HC1 and 1 g/l. CuCl at a current density of about 1À3 ma/cm<SP>2</SP>. The emerging wire is rinsed and then traverses another tank for electrolytic deposition of the magnetic film e.g. Fe-Ni alloy (18% Fe), in presence of an orienting magnetic field. A method of determining the required current density by obtaining Belion cycles for a number of test samples of magnetically coated substrates is described.
Patent GB-333062-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in windows for automobile hoods
IPC: B60J1/00
Filed: 1929-08-19
Abstract: 333,062. Casten,sohiold, C. H. L. Aug. 19,1929. Frames. - A window frame for automobile hoods comprises two separate frames so constructed as to permit easy removal of the glass pane. The inner frame is preferably of wood and has a recess a, Fig. 4, for receiving a window pane f. The projecting edge b thus formed is adapted to be secured to the inner face of the hood e. The outside frame g is preferably of metal and corresponds in size and shape to the projecting edge b. Holes d are provided in this metal frame to receive screws for the purpose of clamping the frames together.
Patent GB-157540-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with elastic tyres for vehicle wheels
IPC: B60B9/22
Filed: 1919-10-15
Abstract: 157,540. Watson, J. Oct. 15, 1919. Jackets and covers; tread bands, projections, and surfaces. - The outer cover of a pneumatic tyre is formed in two separate portions e, e', the outer (beaded) edges g of which are connected by a channel ring h. A rubber or other band l, seated between the ring h and the flat tread portion of the cover, carries bosses m which project through perforations in the ring h. The projections m may be arranged in staggered, or multiple rows, and are preferably formed with cushioning-recesses n.
Patent GB-1061547-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to disc brakes
IPC: F16D65/56
Filed: 1965-06-15
Abstract: 1,061,547. Disc brakes. KELSEY-HAYES CO. June 15, 1965 [June 25, 1964], No. 25312/65. Heading F2E. A disc brake normally applied by a fluid pressure responsive piston 37 can be applied mechanically via an extensible thrust transmitting member 50, which comprises inner and outer sleeves 51, 52 which are in screw-threaded engagement, for parking or emergency use. As shown the brake is applied mechanically by rotating a shaft 60. This causes balls 67 to ride up cam faces formed in a fixed cover 61 and in a flange 64 fixed to the shaft 60, moving the shaft and the thrust member leftwards to apply the brake. Excessive slack in the actuating system is removed by spring-loaded pawls 55 in the shaft 60 which engage in teeth 54 in the inner sleeve 51 to unscrew this sleeve from the outer sleeve when the rotation of the shaft 60 exceeds a predetermined amount. The outer sleeve 52 is prevented from rotating by an O-ring 72. The caliper 23 floats on rods attached to a fixed member 22 and the brake disc 15 is provided with holes-for cooling purposes.
Patent GB-659373-A (GB)
Title: Improved magazine for safety razor blades
IPC: B65D83/10
Filed: 1949-10-03
Abstract: 659.373. Magazines for razor-blades. PAL BLADE CO., Inc. Oct. 3, 1949, No. 25384. Convention date, Oct. 8, 1948. [Class 18] A magazine for injecting single-edged blades into a razor comprises a body having a forwardly extending finger 16 for engaging the razor and for releasing the old blade for displacement by the new, a feed slide 21, and a top closure which engages the body of the magazine by means of depending plates 41 having projections 42 entering slots 37 in the body. In assembly, the top is pressed on to the charged body, the projections 42 sliding down the inside of the body walls to spring into the slots 37. A spring 23 is introduced under the blades through a slot 38. The top may be removed for refilling.
Patent GB-1269867-A (GB)
Title: Coin payout mechanism for amusement device
IPC: G07D9/00
Filed: 1970-05-27
Abstract: 1,269,867. Coin dispensing; gaming machines. CENTAUR MINI DEVICES Inc. 27 May, 1970 [5 June, 1969], No. 25447/70. Headings G4V and G4X. A circular plate 20 having a number of coinreceiving apertures 60 and a combined coin hopper 14 is rotatably mounted on an inclined support plate 34 which has a coin opening 64 therein (see also Figs. 1, 2, not reproduced). A coin shoot 68 may be located on the opposite side of plate 34, in communication with coin opening 64. Each aperture 60 is preferably provided with a raised portion 62 to facilitate coin pick up. Counting mechanism, comprising switches 76, 80 may be included. Switch 76 is energized by dowels 74 as the plate rotates and the arm of switch 80 is arranged to project through a hole in plate 34 into an aperture 60 when there is no coin therein and hence to deenergize the switch (see also Figs. 6, 7, not reproduced). When both switches are energized a count is provided by suitable circuitry, including for example an AND gate. The device is described as part of a gaming machine.