baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-S5698497-A (JP)
Title: Method of treating radiator surface
Inventor: MAEKAWA TETSUO
IPC: F28F13/18
Filed: 1980-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: To simply provide a radiation surface having cavities to enhance boiling property by a method wherein a plating solution containing a dispersing agent of specific size is used to plate the surface of a radiator to provide a plated film having part of the dispersing agent exposed, then the dispersing agent is dissolved out.  
     CONSTITUTION: The surface of a radiator 1 is cleaned with alkaline degreasing or picking, is immersed in a plating solution containing a dispersing agent, and is applied with plating while stirring with air to form a plated film 2 in which the dispersing agent 3 is distributed. Then, a proper solvent is used to dissolve a part of the dispersing agent 3 exposed from the plated film 2 thereby forming cavities 4aW 4d on the radiating surface. Among the cavities, ones shown by 4aW4c are ideal shape having narrow openings. Most appropritate dispersing agent 3 includes an organic high polymer such as epoxy resin and nylon. 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio
Patent PH-25225-A (PH)
Title: Process for preparing isothiazolones
Inventor: CHANG SOU-JEN
IPC: C07C319/00
Filed: 1987-07-22
Abstract: In the manufacture of a compound of the formula: <CHEM>  (a) a mixture of a compound of the formula: <CHEM> and an alcohol or an equivalent thereof and (b) strong inorganic acid, are cofed optionally to an appropriate solvent; wherein X is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or aryl and R is optionally substituted secondary alkyl, tertiary alkyl or aralkyl. The compound so made can be treated with a thiolating agent to form an N-substituted-3-mercaptopropionamide which in turn can be halogenated to an isothiazolone biocide.
Patent PH-24590-A (PH)
Title: Edible gel
Inventor: MUSSON GARY DAVID
IPC: A23L13/20
Filed: 1988-05-03
Abstract: Thermo-irreversible aq. gels are made by subjecting a gellable combination of xanthan gum and glucomannan gum at a pH above 6 to a heat treatment under temp. and time conditions which cause the gel to become irreversible Pref., the pH is 6-10 (6.5-8). The gel also includes food materials, e.g. meat, fruit or vegetable material. It also includes other gums and/or gelling agents e.g. agar, carrageenan, pectin, alginate, gellan or guar gum. The ratio xanthan gum: glucomannan gum is 5:95-95:5 (1:10-10:1). The two gums total 0.02-6(0.5-4) wt.% w.r.t. gel. The glucomannan is from Amorphophallus corms.
Patent TR-23887-A (TR)
IPC: B01L3/14
Filed: 1989-02-13
Abstract: An assembly (10) is provided for receiving, maintaining and storing blood samples taken from individuals some of whom may have a disease which can contaminate anyone handling the sample. The assembly (10) includes a glass tube (14) which may be evacuated for facilitating and receiving a blood sample coaxially retained within a plastic tube (12) which retains the sample and the general integrity of the assembly (10) in the event that the glass tube (14) cracks or breaks during handling. Thus, the glass tube (14) maintains a long shelf-life for the evacuated tube, and does not react adversely or interfere with blood chemistries, while the outer plastic sleeve (12) protects the user from broken glass and/or contamination. A special interlock ring (18) holds the glass tube (14) coaxially in place relative to the plastic tube (12).
Patent UY-32035-A (UY)
Title: Sistemas antipatogenos
Inventor: HEATH ROBYN LOUISE
IPC: A01N37/44
Filed: 2009-08-04
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere en general a la protección de plantas contra patógenos de plantas y en particular contra patógenos fungales. La presente invención provee especialmente una realización multivalente para inhibir la infección de patógenos en plantas y para mejorar el daño a plantas susceptibles.
Patent UY-34324-A (UY)
Inventor: JOHANNES HAAS ULRICH
IPC: A01N35/00
Filed: 2012-09-13
Abstract: NO SCAN
Patent UY-37829-A (UY)
Title: Muteínas de interleucina 21 y métodos de tratamiento
Inventor: KHALED M K Z ALI
IPC: C12P21/02
Filed: 2018-08-03
Abstract: Se proporcionan en la presente muteínas de IL-21 y proteínas de fusión que comprenden las mismas para usar en métodos para tratar una enfermedad. También se proporcionan en la presente conjugados, ácidos nucleicos, vectores, células hospedadoras, composiciones farmacéuticas y kits relacionados. En la presente descripción se proporcionan métodos para elaborar las muteínas de IL-21 y proteínas de fusión que comprenden las mismas, así como métodos para tratar un sujeto que lo necesita. Se proporcionan además proteínas de unión al antígeno de PD-1.
Patent UY-39310-A (UY)
Title: Acido nucleico y secuencias de aminoácidos de adenovirus de gorila, vectores que los contienen, usos de los mismos
Inventor: COLLOCA STEFANO
IPC: C12N15/85
Filed: 2021-07-01
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a novedosas cepas de adenovirus con una alta inmunogenicidad y muy baja inmunidad preexistente en la población humana en general. La ausencia de anticuerpos neutralizantes detectables es debido a novedosas regiones hipervariables en la hexona de la proteína de cápside del adenovirus. La presente invención da a conocer secuencias de nucleótidos y aminoácidos de tales novedosas cepas de adenovirus, así como virus recombinantes, partículas similares a un virus y vectores basados en dichas cepas. Asimismo, se dan a conocer composiciones farmacéuticas y usos médicos para la terapia o profilaxis de una enfermedad.
Patent YU-20600-A (YU)
Title: This invention relates to the use of 5-ht3 receptor
Inventor: MANGEL ALLEN WAYNE
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1998-10-05
Abstract: This invention relates to the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of nonconstipated female IBS patients.
Patent YU-31693-A (YU)
Inventor: FOGEL I
IPC: B60N2/24
Filed: 1993-05-10
Abstract: PUTNIČKO SEDIŠTE, pronalazak se odnosi na putničko sedište za opremanje prevoznih sredstava za prevoz ljudi, koje se sastoji od medjusobno sklopljenih podsklopova, postolja (1), dela (3) za sedenje, naslona (14), pri čemu, kod jednostavnih sedišta mogu podsklopovi, deo (3) za sedenje i naslon (14) da budu izvedeni jednodelno, sastavljeni u jednu školjku sedišta i pri čemu je predvidjeno da deo (3) za sedište i naslon (14) imaju jastuke. Podsklopovi (1, 3, 14) pripremljeni su unapred za neposrednu ugradnju, pri čemu deo (3) za sedenje i naslon (14) imaju školjke (13) za prihvatanje i naprave za pričvršćivanje tapaciranih elemenata (10, 11). Pri tome su tapacirani elementi (10, 11) jastuci (5, 12) postavljeni na ugradne ploče (15, 16).
Patent YU-33984-A (YU)
Title: Process for preparation of piruvat oxydase
Inventor: ELSTNER E
IPC: C12N9/02
Filed: 1984-02-23
Abstract: The present invention provides a new pyruvate oxidase which decarboxylates pyruvate with the formation of hydrogen peroxide, characterized in that it is active without the addition of FAD, TPP and divalent metal ions. The present invention also provides a process for preparing this new enzyme and a reagent containing it.
Patent YU-47291-A (YU)
Title: Sistem za dizanje tereta sa dva doboša koji funkcionišu paralelno, sinhronizovani u rotiranju
Inventor: FRENEIX G
IPC: B66D1/16
Filed: 1991-03-18
Abstract: SISTEM ZA DIZANJE TERETA SA DVA DOBOŠA KOJI FUNKCIONIŠU PARALELNO, SINHRONIZOVANI U ROTIRANJU, prema pronalasku, poseduje agregat motoreduktor (1) sa dva izlazna paralelna zupčanika od kojih svaki pogoni uredjaj za dizanje povezan sa teretom (4) i kablom (5, 9). Pomenuti uredjaj za dizanje ima ozubljeni točak (6) koji se ukopčava sa jednim od dva izlazna zupčanika (2). Pomenuti ozubljeni točak (6) pogoni pomoću frikcione spojnice, koja ima posredni spojnični disk (40), dizalični doboš (8) na kome je učvršćen i namotan kabl (5), pri čemu posredni disk (40) ima zaporne skakavice (43) koje onemogućuju njegovo rotiranje u smeru kji odgovara spuštanju tereta (4). Doboš (8) je spojen sa centralnim vratilom (10) čije rotiranje u smeru koji odgovara spuštanju tereta (4), obezbedjuje zakvačivanje spojnice. Centralno vratilo (10) je sinhronizovano u rotiranju sa centralnim vratilom (11) drugog uredjaja za dizanje pomoću spojnice s pločama (12, 13) i spojničnog diska (14) snabdevenog pravouglim čepovima (50) ili žlebovima, s tim što oba centralna vratila (10, 11) stoje na fiksnom postolju (29).
Patent YU-50098-A (YU)
Inventor: ALBERTO LORETI
Filed: 1998-03-03
Abstract: Programirana cilindarska brava koja obuhvata u kućištu (1) i cilindru (9), mehanizme (16-34) namenjene da omoguće, putem operacije preprogramiranja, prilagodjevanje brave ključu koji je različit od ključa (C) za koji je brava prethodno bila prilagodjena. Brava dalje obuhvata još i napravu za korišćenje glavnih ključeva sa najmanje jednim zapornim čepićem (45) ili čepićem (46) kućišta koji je podeljen na dve ili više sekcija, pogodnim da se pomeri u položaj otvaranja delovanjem jednog ili više ključeva (C) koji imaju različite oblike, čime se omogućuje obezbedjivanje glavnih ključeva, eventualno rasporedjenih na više od jednog nivoa. Poželjno je da brava obuhvata jedan elastičan otvoren prsten (39) za oisiguranje smešten u kućištu (1) i koji sadejstvuje sa cilindrom (9) radi ograničavanja, tokom operacije preprogramiranja, slobodnog preseka proreza (10) za ključ, tako da je omogućeno samo specifičnim ključevima (C) koji imaju specijalan oblik da se izvlače iz proreza (10) za ključ u položaju preprogramiranja, čime se omogućuje preprogramiranje brave. Brava može da sadrži i čepiće (49) od veoma tvrdog materijala, umetnute u cilindar (9) brave radi sprečavanja obijanja pomoću bušilica ili sličnih alata.
Patent YU-56201-A (YU)
Inventor: COUTURIER JEAN
Filed: 1999-02-12
Abstract: Postupak za sintetizovanje hidrauličkog veziva na bazi prirodnog kalcijum sulfata (gipsa), pri čemu se taj postupak sastoji od obrade kalciju sulfata sa ciljem dobijanja velikih procenata anhidrita III ili α anhidrita u istom, a zatim od njegovog gašenja. Postupak se sastoji od: potpune dehidratacije kalcijum sulfata i naglog hladjenja tako dehidritisane materije. Ovaj pronalazak nalazi preporučljivu primenu u gradjevinskoj industriji, dobijanjem hidrauličkog veziva koje se može koristiti kao cement.
Patent YU-80792-A (YU)
Title: Mašina za izradu kora za burek
Inventor: PERO DRLJEVIC
Filed: 1992-09-01
Abstract: Mašina za izradu kora za burek, prema ovom pronalasku, ima za novost to, što pomoću komprimovanog vazduha kao pogona, na radnom stolu (54) preko nosača cilindara (37) i (40) na koji ma se nalaze pneumatički cilindri dvostranog dejstva (34) sa uškama (35) pokreće u jednom i drugom smjeru valjak (44). On je preko rukavaca (41) obrtno uležišten u nosač gornjeg lezaja i točka (8). Na valjku (44) sa obje strane su vijcima prićvršćena dva zupčanika (46) koji se speržu sa zupčastim litvama (47). Tako se pravolinijsko kretanje klipnjače pretvara u kružno kretanje valjka (44). Ubacivanjem tijesta između radnog stole i valjka (44), omogućuje se njegovo stanjivanje i razvijanje.
Patent AT-A246293-A (AT)
Inventor: TULACS LASZLO DIPL ING
IPC: B05D1/36
Filed: 1993-12-06
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AT94/00186 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 5, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 5, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 5, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/16004 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 15, 1995A process is disclosed for preparing water-dilutable enamel paint binders based on oligourethane-acrylate copolymers. A specific monomer mixture is polymerized in the presence of a water-insoluble oligourethane obtained by reacting an aliphatic ester diol with a diisocyanate. Water dilutability is achieved by using (meth)acrylic acid. These enamel paint binders are used in combination with cross-linking components and if required other enamel paint binders to formulate baking enamels.
Patent BE-821595-A (BE)
Title: Feed supply system with hopper - has vertical walls at top with adjustable inner walls and water wheel power to rotary cylinder
IPC: A01K61/02
Filed: 1974-10-29
Abstract: The feed system has a hopper with four vertical (1, 2, 3, 4) walls and three inclined walls (5, 6, 7) leading to a rotating cylinder with a horizontal axis (10). Immediately above the cylinder is a short vertical feed-in section (8). A portion of one of the sloping walls has an adjustable plate which guides material towards the top of the cylinder at the side approached by the cylinder as it rotates. Power is supplied to the rotary cylinder by a paddle wheel propelled by a gravity feed water supply.
Patent BE-901576-A (BE)
Title: Composes heterocycliques.
IPC: C07D521/00
Filed: 1985-01-25
Abstract: Composés hétérocycliques de la formule générale 1, dans laquelle R1=H, cycloalcoyle, alcényle ou phényle ou phényl-alcoyle, un des substituants R2, R3, et R4 = H, alcoyle, cycloalcoyle, alcényle ou phényl-alcoyle et les deux autres, identiques ou différents, sont H ou alcoyle, leurs sels et produits de solvatation, convenant pour le traitement de la migraine et de désordres psychotiques tels que schizophrénie, délires chroniques et psychoses délirantes, ainsi que procédés pour la préparation de ces composés et de leurs dérivés.
Patent BE-903182-A (BE)
Title: Protective device for plant or tree - has stake placed in ground beside crop with slide bush, swivel arms and swivel spokes to spread foil
IPC: A01G13/04
Filed: 1985-09-05
Abstract: The protective device for use in agriculture and horticulture is intended for placing over a plant or tree to provide protection against unfavourable climatic conditions, (e.g. cloche), bird damage (e.g. seed or fruit loss), cross-pollination, disease-carrying vectors etc. It comprises a stake (1,3) placed in the ground beside the plant or tree and possibly strapped (2) to the tree. - A bush (4) is slidably adjustable on the stake, carrying a collar (5) at its upper end with swivel arms (6) slidably coupled with spokes (7) swivelably held (15) at the top of the stake. The spokes are connected with a foil cover (10,10') which extends over the top of the plant or tree and hangs down (10') by the sides when the bush is slid upwards, i.e. the device is set-up like an umbrella.
Patent BE-904487-A (BE)
Title: Procede de teinture avant etirage de fils et fibres a base de polychlorure de vinyle.
IPC: D06P1/16
Filed: 1986-03-25
Abstract: Procédé continu de teinture de fils à base de polychlorure de vinyle atactique au cours de leur élaboration. Les filaments non étirés sont imprégnés par une composition contenant au moins un colorant plastosoluble alors qu'ils possèdent une densité comprise entre 1,3 et 1,4 g/cm3, fixés en continu en présence de vapeur d'eau sous pression à une température comprise entre 100 et 120 degrés C pendant 2 à 20 secondes, étirés de manière connue puis tension en présence de vapeur d'eau sous pression à une température comprise en 100 à 130 degrés C pendant 1 à 20 secondes puis ensimés et retréactés de manière connue.
Patent CA-1053495-A (CA)
Inventor: NEWMAN NORMAN
IPC: G03C5/30
Filed: 1974-07-31
Granted: 1979-05-01
Abstract: RESTRAINERS FOR RAPID ACCESS  AIR STABLE REGENERATION, METAL CHELATE DEVELOPER SOLUTIONS             Abstract of the Disclosure Fog is suppressed in development with rapid access, air stable, regenerable metal chelate developer solutions by the inclusion therein of a fog restrainer selected from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, and N-methylbenzothiazole-p-toluene sulphonate.
Patent CA-1041910-A (CA)
Inventor: O'SULLIVAN DENIS J
IPC: A61K6/00
Filed: 1974-08-30
Granted: 1978-11-07
Abstract: DENTAL FILLING METHOD AND COMPOSITION FORMED THEREBY     Abstract of the Disclosure A novel dental filling system is described which permits the curing of a dental filling composition while excluding oxygen.  The curable filling composition comprises (1)  a free-radical polymerizable acrylate monomer, (2)  a free-radical polymerization initiator and (3)  an inorganic filler.     This composition is used to fill a dental cavity and the exposed surface has applied thereto an aqueous solution of waterglass, which dries to a solid, essentially oxygen-impermeable coating of waterglass.  After the curable com-position has cured, the waterglass coating is washed off with water.
Patent CA-1037658-A (CA)
Inventor: MESSINA RALPH P
IPC: D06M23/06
Filed: 1974-10-28
Granted: 1978-09-05
Abstract: ABSTRACT      An aqueous starch formulation which has improved fabric penetrating power and improved anti-flaking characteristics containing, in addition to the starch component, a polyhydric material, nonionic surfactant, borax and boric acid.
Patent CA-1071346-A (CA)
Inventor: SCHEUERLEIN EDWIN L
IPC: C08L59/02
Filed: 1975-01-24
Granted: 1980-02-05
Abstract: ABSTRACT       A composition of a coalescible polyimide powder and a polymer of formaldehyde is provided, said composition adapted for fabraicating porous polyimide shaped articles by subjecting said composition to a forming pressure of about 100,000 psi to provide a preform, and thereafter sintering said preform by heating said preform to a temperature above about 300°C. to provide a porous polyimide shaped article having interconnecting pores; said porous polyimide shaped articles being useful as, for example, oil-impregnated bearings.
Patent CA-1041485-A (CA)
Inventor: JACKSON RICHARD L
IPC: C07K14/625
Filed: 1975-01-29
Granted: 1978-10-31
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE        The invention relates to a process for purifying alkali metal or ammonium insulin by use of gel filtration at a pH from 7.5 to 9.5.
Patent CA-1061790-A (CA)
Title: N-substituted-5,6-dihydroxycyclopentano(h)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and ethers and esters thereof
Inventor: MATHISON IAN W
IPC: C07C45/82
Filed: 1975-03-27
Granted: 1979-09-04
Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure N-substituted cyclopentano[h]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines of the formula wherein R and R1 represent hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy or aryl-lower alkanoyloxy groups, R3 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group and R4 represents a lower alkyl, arylcarbonyl, aryl-lower alkyl, benzhydryi-lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, aryl-lower alkanoyl, benzhydryl-lower alkanoyl or benzhydrylcarbonyl group, and acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds useful for lowering blood pressure in animals.
Patent CA-1040011-A (CA)
Inventor: STROOBANTS ALPHONSE
IPC: B23D19/08
Filed: 1975-06-16
Granted: 1978-10-10
Abstract: CAN TRIMMING APPARATUS                  ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE               A can end trimmer is disclosed including a main frame, a main rotary shaft mounted for rotation on the main frame and a plurality of self-contained cutter unit assemblies detachably connectable to the main shaft.  Each cutter unit assembly includes first and second rotary cutter knives having circular cutting edges with one knife being mounted for movement between a first position having its cutting edge spaced from the cutting edge of the other knife and a second position having its cutting edge overlying the cutting edge of the other knife.  A rotary vacuum chuck is mounted for cam controlled reciprocation toward and away from the cutter members for positioning a can end over the movable rotary knife when the knife is in its first or open position, subsequent closure of the knife trims the can end and subsequent opening of the knife permits the hol-der to retract the finished can from the cutting position; a unique stripper ring discharges the scrap ring to a separate re-ceiving area.  Finger discs mounted on the main shaft provide unique work handling functions for removing unfinished cans from an infeed means and positioning the cans for engagement by the vacuum chuck and for aiding in discharge of finished cans to an outfeed means.  Control means for the cutter unit is supported by the main shaft or frame and the  entire cutter unit can be removed for maintenance or placement with minimum difficulty.  Another embodiment of the invention employs a central cutter knife and planetary cutter knives movable to overlying relation with respect to a cutting edge of the central knife for effecting the trimming of can ends positioned over the planetary knife members by automatic handling means similar to that of the first embodiment.
Patent CA-1069746-A (CA)
Inventor: KARCHMAR ARTHUR
IPC: G03C5/305
Filed: 1975-07-15
Granted: 1980-01-15
Abstract: PRESERVATIVES FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC          DEVELOPERS            Abstract of the Disclosure The storage life of silver halide developer solu-tions is extended by the addition to the solutions of salts, esters and amides of plicatic acid.
Patent CA-1071244-A (CA)
Inventor: SCHUTZ RAYMOND J
IPC: C04B24/12
Filed: 1975-07-25
Granted: 1980-02-05
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE            A method of and compositions for accelerating the setting time of portland cement compositions are disclosed.  Hydroxyacetic acid and its sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium, zinc, and tri-ethanolamine salts; lactic acid and its sodium, potassium, and calcium salts, sodium dl-mandelate; and sodium 2-methyllactate in particular ranges of concentrations relative to the cement are em-ployed as accelerators for certain applications.  The concentration of admixture relative to cement necessary to achieve acceleration depends upon the identity of the admixture, the water-cement ratio, and the amount and type of aggregate in the composition, among other factors.  The accelerators are especially useful in shotcrete applications.
Patent CA-1066120-A (CA)
Inventor: BOHRMANN HANS
IPC: A23L27/60
Filed: 1975-08-21
Granted: 1979-11-13
Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure An edible, hydrophilic substance is wetted with water or an aqueous liquid to form a crumbly mass which is then uni-formly mixed.  A starch or starch-containing material is then folded into the mixed mass until a homogeneous blend is obtained which is then conditioned, crushed, if desired, dried and sifted to a particle size of about 100 to 300 microns.  The weight ratio of hydrophilic substance to water and starch is such that the conditioned product is in the form of agglomerates compris-ing starch nuclei particles that are surrounded by or embedded in a protective layer of the hydrophilic substance.  The agglo-merated product obtained can be mixed or blended with dry food ingredients to obtain an instant food product that can be readi-ly and easily prepared by stirring in hot or cold water and which is free of lumps.
Patent CA-1041207-A (CA)
Inventor: WEITZE ARTUR
IPC: H05K1/03
Filed: 1975-09-09
Granted: 1978-10-24
Abstract: Abstract A process for producing multi-chip wiring arrangements which consist of a ceramic carrier with through contact holes associated with thin film wiring on one side of the carrier and with multi-layer, thick-layer wiring on the other side of the carrier.  The holes on the one side of the carrier are metallized and galvanically strengthened while the holes on the other side of the carrier are sealed by baking therein a thick layer of paste. Thereafter the multi layer, thick layer wiring and the thin film wiring are produced in that order.
Patent CA-1066450-A (CA)
Inventor: CENKER MOSES
IPC: C08G18/67
Filed: 1975-10-14
Granted: 1979-11-13
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE            Furan-modified rigid isocyanurate foams are taught herein.  The foams herein are prepared by either (1) the in situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and/or furfural during the foam formation reaction, or (2) the catalytic condensation of a furfuryl alcohol-blocked organic polyisocyanate.
Patent CA-1063238-A (CA)
Inventor: NOWICKI JOHN V
IPC: H04N17/06
Filed: 1975-10-30
Granted: 1979-09-25
Abstract: MAGNETIC HEAD CLEANING TAPE AND METHOD                       ABSTRACT         Magnetic heads of color video tape recorder (vtr) machines are cleaned without harmful abrasion by means of a novel magnetic head cleaning tape carrying a color bar signal.  Abrupt appearance of the color bar test pattern at the video monitor permits cessation of the cleaning operation immediately upon complete removal of foreign matter and without harmful abrasion of the heads.