Patent GB-398323-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to processes for loading natural or artificial silk or mixed materials containing them
IPC: D06M11/155
Filed: 1932-07-25
Abstract: Silks, natural or artificial, or mixed materials containing them are loaded by treatment first in a bath containing one or more tin salts and thereafter in one or more baths containing no tin but containing one or more salts of another loading metal, at least one of the baths containing a magnesium salt.  Specified additional loading metals are lead, aluminium, iron, chromium, manganese, cerium, and zirconium. The following examples are specified.  (1) A fabric comprising \ba1/3\be natural silk and \ba2/3\be fine fibrous viscose artificial silk is treated in a first loading bath at 40-50 DEG  C. containing stannic chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, freed from excess solution and treated in a second loading bath at 25-30 DEG  C. containing acetates of magnesium, aluminium, and lead; the loading is then fixed in a bath of disodium hydrogen phosphate and the material is washed and subjected to the usual water-glass and soaping treatments; the tin may be fixed with neutral or alkaline phosphate before the treatment in the second loading bath and the fabric may be washed before treatment in the fixing bath; fixing substances, such as the complex acids formed by tungstic or molybdic acid with phosphoric, silicic or boric acid, or their sodium or ammonium salts, may be added to the loading metal baths; the aluminium and the lead may be applied in separate baths and the magnesium may be used also in the form of sulphate, formate, tartrate or lactate.  (2) Raw silk is treated in a first loading bath at 40-50 DEG  C. containing stannic chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, centrifuged, treated without washing in a cold bath containing phosphoric acid, again centrifuged, treated without washing in a bath at 60 DEG  C. containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, washed, treated in a water-glass bath at 55 DEG  C., further treated in a second loading bath at 25-30 DEG  C. containing aluminium acetate or formate and acetates of lead and magnesium, and finally treated with water-glass and soaped; basic salts are preferably used in the second loading bath; the loading of fabrics containing fibres of widely different character, such as regenerated cellulose and acetate artificial silks, is facilitated by pre-treatment with, or a simultaneous formation upon the fibre of, urea-formaldehyde condensation products.  (3) Silk, loaded with tin as described in Specification 365,085 or otherwise, is treated in a second loading bath at 25-30 DEG  C. containing basic acetates of aluminium and lead and magnesium acetate; the loading is then fixed in a warm bath containing disodium hydrogen phosphate and urea and the material is further treated in a bath at 18 DEG  C. containing stannic chloride and formaldehyde; sulphurous phenol compounds such as thiophenol may be added to the fixing bath or, if lead is not one of the loading metals, a pre-treatment in a thiophenol bath may be employed; the urea, or a derivative such as thiourea, may also be used in a pre-treatment bath; the loaded silk is finally treated with softeners such as stearin, beeswax, Japan wax, tallow, or montan wax which have been partially saponified or glycerides such as the mono-glyceride of stearic acid, partially saponified or not.