Patent GB-986865-A (GB)
Title: Suspension polymerisation process for the production of thermoplastic polymeric materials
Inventor: GRIFFIN BRIAN PHILIP
IPC: C08F285/00
Filed: 1962-07-09
Abstract: A process for the production of polymeric material in granular or powdery form comprises the following steps: (1) selecting (a) a polymer X obtained by polymerizing monomeric material selected from one of the groups A or B as hereinafter defined, or (b) a polymer Y obtained either by polymerizing monomeric material selected from group C as hereinafter defined while dispersed as a stable emulsion in an aqueous phase containing a stable colloidal dispersion of said polymer X or by similarly polymerizing monomeric material selected from group A or B in the presence of a polymer obtained by polymerizing monomeric material selected from group C; (2) preparing a dispersion of the polymer X or Y with, in the case of polymer X monomeric material selected from whichever of said groups A or B that is not used to provide the polymer X, or in the case of polymer Y with monomeric material selected from groups A and/or B and/or C provided that part of the final polymer derived from polymer Y is derived from monomeric material selected from group A, said dispersion being in an aqueous phase and being maintained by stirring, and maintaining the monomeric material while so dispersed under polymerization conditions until polymerization of the monomeric material is substantially complete; and (3) separating the final polymeric product thus obtained to provide a dry free flowing powdery or granular material; said group A comprising mixtures of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated compounds being alkyl esters of acrylic acid in which the alkyl part of the ester molecule contains from 1 to 8 carbon atoms with from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the total monoethylenically unsaturated compound or compounds present in the mixture of one or more copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing at least two ethylenic >C=C< groups per molecule and with, if desired, up to 50% by weight of the alkyl acrylate of another different copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated compound; said group B comprising methyl methacrylate, styrene or a substituted styrene (e.g. a -methylstyrene and the halogenated styrenes), acrylonitrile or any mixture of any of these compounds, or any one of these compounds alone or any mixture thereof together with another copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated compound; said group C comprising the same polymerizable compounds as group B with, if desired, up to 5.0% by weight based on the total weight of the monomeric material selected from group C of one or more copolymerizable compounds containing at least two ethylenic >C=C< groups per molecule; the polymeric component provided by the monomers of group A forming not more than 95% by weight of the final polymeric product.  The optional mono - ethylenically unsaturated compounds which may be used in groups A, B and C include methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, styrene, substituted styrenes, e.g. a -methylstyrene and a -chlorostyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, crotonic, maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, b -dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N - vinyl phthalimide, N - tert - butyl acrylamide and N,N-diethyl acrylamide.  The poly-functional compounds of groups A and C include glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, vinyl methacrylate, methylene dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl maleate, allyl acrylate, methallyl acrylate, butadiene-1,3, isoprene and 2-chloro-butadiene. In the suspension polymerization process, the suspension is normally stabilized by a dispersing agent, e.g. gelatin, starch, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, salts of polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids and inorganic colloidal materials, e.g. hydrated magnesium silicates. Monomer soluble catalysts are used, e.g. benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and a ,a 1-azodiisobutyronitrile.  A chain transfer agent, e.g. lauryl or tert-dodecyl mercaptan, may also be used.  Other optional ingredients include stearic acid or stearyl alcohol, stabilizers including antioxidants, ultra-violet light absorbers, surface-active agents, latex coagulating agents and aqueous phase inhibitors.