baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-940682-A (GB)
Title: Production of propylene dimer
IPC: C07C2/18
Filed: 1959-12-10
Abstract: In the dimerization of propylene at superatmospheric pressure in the presence of aqueous phosphoric acid of less than 85% concentration the partial pressure of propylene at the end of the reaction is controlled, e.g. by withdrawing unreacted propylene during the reaction to ensure a partial pressure of below 150 atmospheres, whereby the molar ratio of dimer to isopropyl alcohol formed is at least 2.5: 1.  In a preferred process the propylene conversion per pass is maintained at 60-95%.  Preferred conditions are 250-400 DEG C., 50-500 atmospheres, 0.1-5 hours using 5-85% phosphoric acid.
Patent GB-421084-A (GB)
Abstract: 421,084. Colour photography. OPTICOLOR AKT.-GES., Glarus, Switzerland. Dec. 1, 1933, No. 33811. Convention date, Dec. 23, 1932. [Class 98 (ii)] In order to avoid the use of objectives of wide aperture in copying from a lenticular film onto a lenticular blank film, plane reflecting surfaces are arranged between the objective system and the films. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the mirrors 3, 4 are mounted parallel to one another alongside the objective 2 and a field lens 7 is placed in front of the original film 1, the arrangement on the opposite side of the objective 2 being similar. A mask 8 may be arranged in the objective 2. In place of mirrors 3 and 4 a block of glass may be used to which the field lens and the first lens of the objective may be cemented. In the form shown in Fig. 5, a concave mirror 15 is used in place of an objective. The copying system comprises a field lens 18 in front of the film 1, a glass block 14 having reflecting surfaces at 16 and 17, a concave mirror 15 or a system of lenses arranged in front of a plane mirror, and a second field lens 19 in front of the copy film 12. Rays striking the surfaces of the block at sharp angles are not reflected but pass through. A numerical example is given. Copying may be effected with a mercury vapour lamp. The planes of the reflecting surfaces may pass through the generating centre of the spherical image field and the lateral edges of the objective aperture may be screened. It is stated that the apparatus may be used for copying images other than colour record images, e.g. stereoscopic or trick images. Specification 339,511, [Class 98 (ii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-1367080-A (GB)
Title: Cyclone separators
IPC: B04C5/13
Filed: 1971-11-24
Abstract: 1367080 Hydrocyclones D PARNABY 24 Nov 1971 [4 Sept 1970] 42441/70 Heading B2P In order to determine the cut point of a cyclone separator, a vortex finder 1 has an end portion inserted through an aperture in the end wall 21 of the cyclone separating chamber 2 and operating means 5, 51 are connected to the vortex finder 1 for adjusting from outside the separator the depth of insertion of the vortex finder into the separating chamber. The vortex finder is connected by a bridge 11 to a screw threaded shaft 51 operable by a hand wheel 5 and mounted in a frame 52 secured on top of a discharge chamber 3 located above the separating chamber 2. Alternatively, where no discharge chamber is provided, the frame 52 is mounted directly on the top end wall of the chamber 2. The cyclone may be used to separate shale from coal in a liquid carrier medium. A hydrocyclone for separating solids from liquid and having a frusto-conical apex discharge which does not open in an outlet chamber as at 24 is also illustrated.
Patent GB-1017632-A (GB)
Title: Process for the extraction in liquid phase of aromatic hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures containing them
IPC: C10G21/00
Filed: 1962-11-12
Abstract: C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons are separated from mixtures thereof with one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphitic and olefinic hydrocarbons by contacting the mixture at 50-170 DEG  C. with one or more anhydrous solvents whose selectivity for the aromatics is affected by the addition of water and variation of temperature, adding water to the extract and varying the temperature if necessary to obtain a separation into two layers, separating the upper aromatic layer and bringing it into counter-current contact with the lower layer at a temperature not less than the temperature at which separation was carried out and separating the aromatics from the final extract.  The light hydrocarbon phase separated from the first extract may be partially recycled to the first stage and/or only partially contacted with the lower layer in the counter-current extraction. Light paraffins and/or an aromatic reflux may be added to the counter-current extraction.  The raffinate from the counter-current extraction may be partially or completely recycled to either the first stage or the separated light hydrocarbon phase.  The amount of water added after the first extraction may be 1-30 vol. per cent of the solvent employed.  Solvents specified are alcohols, glycols, ethers of glycols or ethylenic poly-glycols, phenyl ethanolamine, ethanolamines, amides, nitriles, dinitriles, oxydinitriles, phenol, nitrophenols, cresols, nitrocresols, acetophenone, dioxane, benxophenone and formamides.  The examples describe the separation of xylenes from n-heptane and the aromatics from various gasolines.
Patent GB-1480794-A (GB)
Title: Automatic transmission hydraulic control throttle valve
IPC: F16H61/02
Filed: 1974-10-02
Abstract: 1480794 Change speed control NISSAN MOTOR CO Ltd 2 Oct 1974 [6 Oct 1973] 42695/74 Heading F2D The spool 68 of a throttle valve, which regulates line pressure 26 into a throttle pressure passage 33, 97, loading a ratio-shift valve 20 in opposition to output-speed-responsive governor pressure 32 in an automatic transmission on a motor vehicle, is actuated by the engine accelerator pedal 92 acting centrally at 88 on a floating lever 80, one end 82 of which is pivoted to the valve spool 70, whilst its other end 84 is pivoted to the stem of a piston 74 loaded by an opposing spring 114 and forming a follow-up control for lapping the valve spool 70 back towards a neutral position at each pressure increase. Thus, from the initial position shown, depressing the accelerator pedal first moves the valve spool 70 leftwards from the neutral position to meter line pressure 26 to the throttle pressure passage 33, 97, this pressure then acting leftwards at 116 on the piston 74, moving it against the spring 114 until, through the lever 80, it returns the spool 70 to neutral and establishes a balanced condition with throttle pressure 33 directly proportional to accelerator travel. At full throttle the piston 74 is arrested by the end wall of its cylinder, and further movement of the accelerator shifts the valve spool 70 fully left to supply full line pressure 26 to the throttle pressure passage 33 for kickdown. The initial position of the valve spool 68 may be rightward of the neutral position shown, so that no throttle pressure is established until a predetermined initial accelerator travel is exceeded. The arrangement reduces the operating load on the accelerator pedal in comparison with existing directly loaded throttle valves, and also provides self-contained kickdown.
Patent GB-1272866-A (GB)
Title: Production of penicillamine
IPC: C07D277/06
Filed: 1969-08-28
Abstract: 1,272,866. Synthesis of penicillamine. DEUTSCHE GOLD UND SILBER SCHEIDEANSTALT. 28 Aug., 1969 [6 Sept., 1968], No. 42798/69. Heading C2C. Penicillamine or its hydrochloride salt is prepared by (1) reacting isobutyraldehyde with sulphur or a sulphur containing compound which releases sulphur under the reaction conditions, e.g. polysulphides, and with ammonia or NH 4 NO 3 .2NH 3 , optionally in the presence of a secondary or tertiary amine, the water formed being removed azeotropically, (2) treating the resulting 2 - isopropyl - 5,5 - dimethyl #<SP>3</SP>- thiazoline with anhydrous HCN to give 2-isopropyl - 5,5 - dimethylthiazolidino - 4 - carbonitrile, (3) heating the latter (optionally without purification or in the form of its hydrochloride) with an excess of concentrated HCl at 70-110 C. in the absence of oxygen and (4) either (i) evaporating the reaction mixture to obtain a mixture (A) consisting of 2-isopropyl- 5,5 - dimethylthiazolidino - 4 - carboxylic acid hydrochloride, ammonium chloride and small quantities of D,L-penicillamine hydrochloride, boiling the mixture (A) in a liquid watermiscible carbonyl compound (B), cooling and suction-filtering the liquid after which the resulting solid substance (C) is extracted hot with a liquid water-miscible carbonyl compound (B) and the extract is subjected to steam distillation; or (ii) treating the reaction mixture as in (i) to obtain the solid substance (C) which is subjected to steam distillation, the residue concentrated by evaporation to dryness and ammonium chloride formed separated off by extraction with an alcohol; or (iii) treating the reaction mixture as in (i) to obtain the solid substance (C) which is subjected to steam distillation, the residue concentrated by evaporation to dryness and the dry residue, optionally after having been boiled in a carbonyl compound (B), is extracted hot with this compound and the extract boiled with water; or (iv) treating the reaction mixture as in (i) to obtain the mixture (A) which is directly treated with anhydrous methanol, ethanol or isopropanol and the resulting solution subjected to steam distillation; or (v) subjecting the reaction mixture to steam distillation, concentrating the residue by evaporation to dryness and separating off ammonium chloride formed by extraction with an alcohol; or (vi) subjecting the reaction mixture to steam distillation, concentrating the residue by evaporation to dryness and extracting the residue, optionally after having been boiled in a carbonyl compound (B), hot with this compound and boiling the extract with water; the hydrochloride formed being optionally converted into free D,L-penicillamine which may subsequently be resolved into its optical isomers, e.g. using brucine.
Patent GB-1162036-A (GB)
Title: Pigment Compositions
Inventor: WOLF KARLHEINZ
IPC: C09B41/00
Filed: 1967-09-22
Abstract: 1,162,036. Treating pigments with amines. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 22 Sept., 1967 [1 Oct., 1966; 1 Feb., 1967], No. 43277/67. Headings C4A and C4P. [Also in Division C3] Readily dispersible pigments are obtained by treating an aqueous alkaline dispersion of the pigment with an amine RNHR 1 , or a salt thereof, wherein R is a 5-6 membered optionally substituted cycloaliphatic radical, and R 1  is as R, or is H or a C 2 -C 4  alkyl or aminoalkyl radical, and isolating and drying the pigment. The mixture may be heated to 50-100 C., and may be acidified before isolating and drying. The amine constitutes 1-500% of the pigment weight. Specified pigments include mono- and dis-azo, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine and quinacridone compounds. Specified amines are cyclohexylamine, hexahydroaminotoluene, N- cyclohexylpropylenediamine - (1,3), dicyciohexylamine and the diamine In one embodiment the amine (or salt) is present in the coupling process of preparing an azo pigment, as in Examples 3, 4 and 5, in which the first four amines as above are used.
Patent GB-1503301-A (GB)
Title: Sputtering apparatus
IPC: C23C14/40
Filed: 1976-10-19
Abstract: 1503301 Sputtering apparatus COULTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS Inc 19 Oct 1976 [17 Dec 1975] 43369/76 Heading C7F Sputtering apparatus comprises a pressure vessel, a rotary anode, e.g. a drum, target means, earthed shielding means partially surrounding the target means to leave an opening facing the anode, and means to maintain the anode, target means and shielding means at different voltages. In the preferred embodiment a flexible strip 50, e.g. of polyester, passes round the anode drum 58 and receives material sputtered from targets 60, 62. The targets are surrounded by shields 76 and further shields 142, 144, 140, Figs. 3, 7, (not shown) surround the drum. The circuit is supplied with high voltage and impedances Z 1 , Z 2 , are provided such that the target is maintained at a high negative voltage, e.g. - 3000v, the anode at a smaller negative voltage, e.g. -50v, and the shields at earth potential. The drum has a metallic outer skin insulated from the remainder of the drum, and is provided with a chamber for heat exchange fluid, e.g. oil, to maintain the temperature at the skin at e.g. 150C, Fig. 7, (not shown). The substrate passes from supply reel to take up reel via a series of rollers, Figs. 3, 4, (not shown) inside the vessel, and the transport mechanism is removable from the vessel, Figs. 1, 2, (not shown). The target assemblies are provided with pipes 84 supplying gas to the region between shield and target.
Patent GB-891245-A (GB)
Title: Production of glass-reinforced metal articles
IPC: D04H1/60
Filed: 1959-12-22
Abstract: 891,245. Casting composite articles. OWENSCORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION. Dec. 22, 1959 [Dec. 30, 1958], No. 43567/59. Class 83 (1). A metal article reinforced with glass fibre is made by introducing a glass fibre pack into a gas-containing cavity, forcing molten metal into the cavity until its level rises above the pack which is thereby impregnated, lowering the molten metal level and removing the impregnated pack. Glass fibre packs 117 are fed through a preheating chamber 92 and into a chamber 94, which may be closed and the level of molten metal 89 caused to rise therein by evacuation of the chamber by pump 104, the movement of the metal being assisted if desired by application of pressure to chambers 93, 102 which are normally at atmospheric pressure. The heated gases exhausted from the chamber 94 may be passed to the preheat chamber 92. Release of the vacuum in chamber 94 causes the level of the melt to fall and the impregnated packs are moved to the discharge chamber 102, through pressure rolls 119 which compress them and also chill the metal to prevent drainage of molten metal from the packs. In a modification the furnace is filled with a protective gas which when exhausted from the impregnating chamber is stored in a tank. The fibre packs are received in trays secured to an endless conveyer, which trays prevent the molten metal draining from the packs before solidification. Alternatively, drain-off is prevented by air blown against the lower surfaces of the impregnated packs to solidify the metal.
Patent GB-1115959-A (GB)
Title: Quick-change mounting arrangement for water-cooled mold
IPC: B22D11/053
Filed: 1965-10-15
Abstract: 1,115,959. Continuous casting machines. UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION. 15 Oct., 1965 [15 Oct., 1964], No. 43865/65. Heading B3F. A water-cooled continuous casting mould 19 is supported on and has permanent cooling water connections 20 with headers 17 of a mould support frame 16 which is removably mounted on an oscillator frame 12; the frame 16 is located and clamped on the oscillator frame 12 by pins 90 and quick release clamps 93, an automatically disconnectible and reconnectible joint being made between the water headers 17 of support frame 16 and corresponding headers 13 of the oscillator frame by upwardly projecting nipples 21 which are adapted to fit into openings 22 in the headers 17. Cooling water is supplied to and led from the headers 17 by flexible hoses 15 which do not require disconnection during mould changes. O-rings 76, 77 around the nipples 21 ensure a water-tight connection between headers 13, 17. Cams 36 guide roller mechanisms 50 and springs 57 provide for and control the reciprocation of the oscillator frame and mould. The mould may have an inner wall of brass or copper and outer walls of steel or copper.
Patent GB-1497595-A (GB)
Title: Recuperative heat exchangers
IPC: F28D9/00
Filed: 1975-10-27
Abstract: 1497595 Recuperative heat exchanger DAIMLER-BENZ AG 27 Oct 1975 [14 Nov 1974] 44168/75 Heading F4S A recuperative heat exchanger for a gas turbine comprises a heat exchange element 9 in a cylindrical housing 1, the housing having a higher coefficient of expansion than the heat exchange element. Hot exhaust gas from the turbine passes, as viewed in Fig. 2, from right to left via inlet pipe 7, duct 7a, the heat exchange element 9, a bellows-like expansion compensator 18 and outlet pipe 8. Compressor air (which is cooler than, and at a higher pressure than, the exhaust gas) passes into the cylindrical casing 1 at both 22 and 23, Fig. 3, passes around the heat exchange element and enters the element at its left side, as viewed in Fig. 3. The air then passes to the right through the element, a bellows-like axial expansion compensator 19 and an outlet pipe. The flow paths in the heat exchange element cross each other at right angles. The heat exchange element 9 comprises flat and undulating ceramic laminations sintered together. The hot exhaust gas of the turbine may be at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and the cooler air may be at 6 atmospheres. The air pressure in the housing 1 around the heat exchange element prevents the element from bursting due to excessive internal pressure.
Patent GB-940531-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to material for electro-photographic reproduction
IPC: C07D407/14
Filed: 1959-12-31
Abstract: 940,531. Photoconductive materials. KALLE A.G. Dec. 31, 1959 [Jan. 7, 1959], No. 44432/59. Heading H1K. [Also in Divisions C2 and C3] Electrophotographic material comprises a photoconductive layer on a conductive support, the layer containing a 1:2:4-triazine substituted in the 3-, 5- and 6-positions by carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radicals. The layer also contains a binder and a sensitizing dyestuff as in Specification 853,880, and is made, cast on the support and used as described in that Specification.
Patent GB-1059975-A (GB)
Title: Swivelling wheel supports for articles of furniture
IPC: A47B91/06
Filed: 1963-11-12
Abstract: 1,059,975. Castors. E. CAPO. Nov. 12, 1963 [Nov. 23, 1962], No. 44532/63. Heading A4U. A castor comprises a swivelling body 5 formed with a first seat 6 which receives a vertical pivot pin 1 so that the body is rotatable about the axis of the pin 1 and with a second seat 8 which rotatably receives a pin 9 rigid with a wheel 10, the angle a between the axes of the pivot pin 1 and the wheel pin 9 being substantially equal to 13 degrees. The seats 6, 8 each house a ball 14, 15 serving as a thrust bearing. The pins 1, 9 retained in the body 5 by a peg 7 engaging grooves 2, 11 in the pins 1, 9. In another embodiment (Fig. 5, not shown), the body 5 is symmetrical, e.g. frusto-conical.
Patent GB-1091519-A (GB)
Title: Automatic electric circuit breaker
IPC: H01H71/48
Filed: 1965-10-22
Abstract: 1,091,519. Automatic circuit-breakers. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION. Oct. 22, 1965 [Nov. 12, 1964], No. 44813/65. Heading H2B. In a circuit-breaker having an electromagnetic tripping device 99, 115 responsive to overcurrent of a predetermined value and a bimetallic tripping device 111 responsive to overcurrent below that value, the electromagnetic tripping device on operation closes auxiliary contacts 141, 143 to shunt the bi-metallic device to prevent damage to this device by high overcurrents. The contacts 141, 143 are mounted on the armature 99 and the yoke 115 of the electromagnetic device, the yoke 115 being magnetized by the current flowing in the bimetal 111. The general arrangement of the circuit-breaker is that of Specification 926,792. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 926,792.
Patent GB-1518553-A (GB)
Title: Bale transporter
IPC: B60P1/64
Filed: 1976-11-18
Abstract: 1518553 Bale trailer JOHN H TAYLOR Ltd 18 Nov 1976 [30 Oct 1975 15 Jan 1976 23 March 1976] 44834/75 1650/76 and 11720/76 Heading B8E A trailer for loading, unloading and transporting cylindrical bales 2 has a loading mechanism 16-20, a support portion 8 on the chassis 4 and restraint members 12. The loading mechanism is movable along a support plate 10 to load bales successively along the length of the trailer. In the dotted line position a platform 18 of the loading mechanism is manoeuvred under a bale and then loads it on to the portion 8 by being raised by a ram. The bales are held by restraint members 12 until they are lowered by rams 14 to allow the bales to roll off on the other side of the trailer. In modifications the bales may be loaded on to a platform which is pivotally raisable about one edge to tip off the bales and in another embodiment the bales may be pushed off a fixed platform by hydraulically operated arm mechanisms. The bales may be unloaded to the rear of the platform.
Patent GB-1516156-A (GB)
Title: Method of and an apparatus for the manufacture of hollow bodies of thermoplastics synthetic material
IPC: B29C31/00
Filed: 1975-10-30
Abstract: 1516156 Rotational casting ELKAMETWERK LAHN-KUNSTSTOFF GmbH 30 Oct 1975 [7 July 1975] 44874/75 Heading B5A Hollow thermoplastic bodies are made by rotational casting under vacuum thermoplastic material in the double wall mould, formed from the halves la and 1b, and capable of revolution about two axes. At the junction between the split halves of the mould the pressure in the region 4 formed by the flanges 3a and 3b is maintained below the reduced pressure in the mould cavity. This pressure can be controlled by linking the heating/cooling fluid which circulates around the double wall to a steam generator 9 which controls the operation of a two cylinder unit 7a, 7b creating a vacuum in region 4 via tube 6 during heating.
Patent GB-947950-A (GB)
Title: New dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and process for their preparation
IPC: C08G63/58
Filed: 1961-12-14
Abstract: The invention comprises dicarboxylic acid anhydrides of the general formula: <FORM:0947950/C2/1> wherein one of the residues R1 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and the other residues R1 to R5 represent hydrogen whilst R6 represents an alkenyl or alkoxyalkenyl group preferably containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. These compounds may be produced by reacting, at 30 DEG  to 150 DEG C., preferably 30 DEG  to 80 DEG C., substituted cyclopentadienes of the general formula: <FORM:0947950/C2/2> with maleic anhydride, preferably in equimolecular proportions. The examples illustrate the preparation of 7-allyl, 1-methyl-7-allyl, 6-methyl-7-allyl, 7-(oct-[11]-ene-[31]-yl)-, 7-(51-methoxy-pent[21]-ene-[11]-yl)-and 7-(51-methoxy-pent-[11]-ene-[31]-yl)-, - bicyclo (2:2:1) hept-(5)ene-2:3-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and their use as curing agents for epoxy resins, diepoxides and polyepoxides.ALSO:Epoxy resins, diepoxides and polyepoxides may be cured by treating said epoxy compound with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride of the general formula: <FORM:0947950/C3/1> wherein one of the residues R1 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and the other residues R1 to R5 represent hydrogen whilst R6 represents an alkenyl or alkoxy alkenyl group, preferably containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The curing may be performed by the anhydride alone as in admixture with other dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides and, if desired, in conjunction with an accelerator, e.g. a tertiary amine.  An organic peroxide, if desired in combination with co-polymerizable monomers, may be used concomitantly for the curing.  In the examples a polyglycidyl ether resin, produced from epichlorohydrin and bis-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-dimethyl methane in the presence of sodium hydroxide, is cured by heating with:-(Ex.5) 7-allyl-bicyclo (2:2:1) hept-(5)-ene-2:3 dicarboxylic acid anhydride and tris (dimethylamino-methyl) phenol; (Ex. 6) a mixture of 7-allyl-1- and -6-methyl-bicyclo (2:2:1) hept-(5)-ene-2:3 dicarboxylic acid anhydride, benzoyl peroxide and tris-(dimethylamino-methyl) phenol and (Ex. 7) 7-allyl-, or 7-allyl-1- and -6-methyl-, -bicyclo (2:2:1) hept-(5)-ene-2:3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride.ALSO:Substituted cyclopentadienes of the general formula <FORM:0947950/C3/1> wherein one of the residues R1 to R5 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and the other residues R1 to R5 represent hydrogen, whilst R6 represents an alkenyl group, preferably containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms, are obtained by reacting an alkali metal compound of cyclopentadiene or methylcyclopentadiene with an alkenyl halide in an organic solvent.