Patent GB-749996-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of filamentary materials, particularly viscose rayon
IPC: D01G1/04
Filed: 1952-05-16
Abstract: <PICT:0749996/IV(a)/1> <PICT:0749996/IV(a)/2> <PICT:0749996/IV(a)/3> Apparatus for the production of artificial filaments comprises a first trough and a second trough for holding a coagulating medium, an overflow from the first trough to the second trough for maintaining a constant level of coagulating medium in the first trough, a spinning jet positioned in the first trough for extruding a filament-forming composition into the coagulating medium, and a U-shaped spinning tube extending away from the first trough to the second trough for carrying away the filaments and coagulating medium from the first trough.  The legs of the spinning tube may point vertically upwards and the spinning jet may face vertically downwards.  The apparatus for forming the filaments may be associated with apparatus for carrying out various wet treatments, stretching treatment, cutting to staple fibre, and opening out treatment, so that the filaments may be subjected to a succession of treatments continuously with their formation.  The spinning tube may be of increased cross-sectional area towards the discharge end.  To facilitate the initiation of the spinning operation, means for temporarily reducing the distance between the spinning jet and the inlet to the spinning tube may be provided.  As shown in Fig. 2, a conduit 21 leads a spinning solution, e.g. ripened viscose, to a spinning jet 23 by way of a gooseneck 22.  The jet 23 is placed in a trough 24 into which a stream of coagulating liquid is pumped continuously through conduit 25.  A large number of filaments, e.g. 5000, emerge from the jet and the strand 26 and coagulating liquid pass through inlet funnel 27 into the U-shaped tube 28 which consists of a vertical leg 29, a horizontal conduit 31, and another vertical leg 32.  Grooved guides 34 are provided in each of the elbows 33 to direct the strand along the centre line of the spinning tube so as to avoid turbulence.  A constant head of coagulating liquid is maintained on funnel 27 by supplying the liquid at a rate in excess of that at which it flows through tube 28, and permitting the excess to overflow into a channel 35 connected to trough 36.  The strand 26 and coagulating liquid emerge into trough 36 through a funnel 37 whose cross-sectional area increases towards the discharge end so that the velocity of the liquid decreases immediately before its discharge.  The liquid is drained from trough 36 through a discharge conduit 38 which is made sufficiently large to prevent the accumulation of large quantities of liquid in the trough.  A screen 39 traps any broken fibres and keeps them from entering the discharge conduit 38.  Trough 36 has a cover 41 and is connected to an exhaust conduit 42 through which gases or fumes liberated during the spinning operation may be removed.  The inlet funnel 27 has wings 43 and is slidably seated in a collar 44 so that it may be raised at the beginning of the spinning operation to a position so close to the jet 23 that the flow of coagulating liquid will carry the filaments into the tube.  The funnel is lowered after the strand of filaments has been threaded through tube 28.  The strand 26 passes over a two-finger guide 461 and then through a slot in the cover 41 to a godet 48.  The strands from several spinning jets may be brought together on godet wheel 48 to form a tow 49 which is led over a guide pin 51.  Upon leaving the spinning section of the apparatus one or more tows enter a section of the apparatus in which they are plasticized and stretched and, in the case of viscose rayon, have the major portion of their content of carbon disulphide, sulphur and acid sulphate removed therefrom. The treating apparatus described in Specification 750,067 may be employed.  Such apparatus comprises a trough, means for moving a tow of filamentary material along the trough from the inlet to the outlet end thereof, and a nozzle for introducing liquid treating medium into the inlet end of the trough in the same direction as the tow and at a high velocity so that it passes along the trough to the outlet end thereof.  During the stretching operation the tows may be heated, and after stretching they may be passed through a cold washing section of the apparatus where they are washed with cold water for cooling them if necessary and for removing plasticizing liquid and other impurities.  In the cold washing section each tow may be brought from the form of a flat sheet into the form of a bundle of generally circular crosssection which is then passed over a drum for applying tension to the tow so as to obtain the desired degree of stretch as the tow passes through the stretching section.  On leaving the drum, each tow may be passed to a cutting device.  After the cutting of the tow into chips of fibres, the fibres are opened, i.e. separated from each other, and this operation may be performed in apparatus as described in Specification 750,066, [Group IV (c)].  Such apparatus comprises an upwardly inclined trough, means for depositing the chips of fibres in the lower end of the trough, and means for directing a stream of liquid upwardly along the trough to separate the fibres and to sweep them over the upper edge of the trough.  The fibres may be collected in apparatus as described in Specification 750,065, [Group I].  Such apparatus comprises a receiving tank with an open ing in the floor thereof, and a perforated belt positioned beneath this opening and positively driven, whereby the mixture of liquid and staple fibres fed into the tank flows on to the belt and the fibres are separated from the liquid.  As shown in Fig. 13, the goose-neck 22, through which the viscose is led to the spinning jet, comprises a base 126 with uprights 127, 128.  A curved conduit 129 leads from a fitting 131 to an annular fitting 132 with a lip 133.  The lip extends into a curved conduit 134 provided with an annular fitting 135 which bears against fitting 132.  To hold the two annular fittings together there is provided a threaded member 136 bearing against conduit 134 and held by lock-nuts 137.  The internal diameters of fittings 131, 132, conduits 129, 134, and lip 133 are identical so that there are no obstructions to the free flow of the viscose through them.  The construction permits the conduit 134 to be swivelled to raise the spinning jet out of trough 24 (Fig. 2) to permit access to the face thereof without leakage of the viscose.  As shown in Fig. 14, the spinning jet 23 comprises a nut 138 to one side of which is welded a conduit 134 and to the other side of which is welded an externally threaded fitting 139 having a smooth internal bore of a diameter equal to that of conduit 134.  In threaded engagement with the fitting 139 is the body portion 141 of the spinning jet 23, leakage between the fitting 139 and the body portion being prevented by a washer 142.  The portion 141 has an internal cavity 143, the diameter of which increases towards the discharge end. In the cavity 143 is disposed a flow equalizer 144 supported by spider 145.  An annular cap 147 holds a filtering and spinning assembly 151 in position between compressible washers 148, 149. The filter 152 includes layers of fabric 153 and a wire mesh screen 154, and rests on a plate 155 which is provided with concentric grooves 156 and apertures 157.  The viscose flows from cavity 143 to apertures in a spinneret 158 from which it emerges in the form of filaments.  Specification 709,599 also is referred to.