Patent RU-2259319-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of production of ammonium nitrate and a device for its realization
Inventor: MAZNICHENKO SERGEJ VASIL EVICH
IPC: C01C1/18
Filed: 2004-01-06
Granted: 2005-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: chemical industry; a method and a device for production of ammonium nitrate. 
     SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of chemical industry, in particular, to processes of production of alkali liquors of ammonium nitrate. The method of production of ammonium nitrate includes neutralization of nitric acid by gaseous ammonia under an atmospheric pressure at the temperature of 130-140°C with an evaporation of the solution due to the heat of neutralization. The neutralization of the nitric acid is conducted in a stream with a solution of the ammonium nitrate by internal forced circulations with a parallel evaporation of the solution. The solution evaporation is conducted at rarefaction of 0.003-0.004 MPa. The device for production of the ammonium nitrate contains a cylindrical body with the bottom and unions for the solution withdrawal, gauging of its level and a pressure, a cover with an union for withdrawal of the juice vapor. Inside the body at some distance from the bottom the neutralization unit is mounted. It contains two concentrically mounted cylinders communicating with each other through two rows of holes located in the internal cylinder below at the bottom of the outer cylinder and above at the attachment flange of the internal cylinder. Above in the internal cylinder there is a tubular reactor made in the form of an ejector with unions for delivery of the nitric acid and the gaseous ammonia, the body of which is supplied with holes for the solution entry in the mixing chamber of the reactor; a separating funnel which is mounted without a backlash to the lower flange coupling and is fixed in the internal cylinder; and an assembly of an evaporation of the solution, containing two blind plates with the overflow edges installed one above another between the body of the device and the external cylinder of the neutralization assembly in such a manner, that the overflow edge of the upper plate is placed near to the body of the device and at the level of the axes of the upper holes in the internal cylinder of the assembly of neutralization, and the overflow edge of the lower plate - near to the external cylinder of the assembly of neutralization. At that the cylinders of the neutralization assembly inside and outside are supplied with longitudinal ribs. The technical result: the method of production of ammonium nitrate and the design of the device for its realization allow to conduct the process of the neutralization of the nitric acid by the gaseous ammonia with formation of alkali liquor of the ammonium nitrate in a safe mode, as the process is conducted without a pressure with a forced circulation of the solution of an ammonium nitrate due to a kinetic energy of gaseous ammonia, which is fed in the reactor and due to provision of a reliable heat-exchange between the circulating and evaporating alkali liquors, and also allows to reduce metal consumption and to simplify the layout of the equipment. 
     EFFECT: the invention ensures a safe mode of neutralization of the nitric acid, a reliable heat-exchange between the circulating and evaporating alkali liquors, reduced metal consumption and a simplified layout of the used equipment. 
     4 cl, 3 dwg