baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-536119-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of silicon steel strip
IPC: C21D8/12
Filed: 1940-01-29
Abstract: 536,119. Normalizing silicon steel. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Jan. 29, 1940, No. 1735. Convention date, Jan 31, 1939. [Class 72] [Also in Group XXII] Working at specified temperatures.-Silicon steel strip containing about 3 per cent. of Si is cold rolled at a temperature from 20C, to -30C. When the rolling is performed in two cold stages the first rolling may be at 80C. but it is important that the last pass be at a temperature in the lower range given. The first stage may reduce from 0.08 to-0.03 and the second from 0.03 to 0.012 inches. After rolling the steel is normalized by heating for three minutes in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1100C. and stabilized by heating to 800C. in hydrogen. After normalizing at 1100C. a few minutes normalizing in a strongly oxidizing atmosphere at 800 C. or a few hours in a mildly oxidizing atmosphere is advantageous. Strip so produced has improved magnetic properties the permeability being increased and the hysteresis losses reduced.
Patent GB-701311-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to fluid pressure gauges
IPC: G01L19/08
Filed: 1950-01-23
Abstract: 701,311. Pressure gauges. TURNER, W., and ASKEW, G. Jan 19, 1951 [Jan. 23, 1950], No. 1748/50. Class 106 (2) In a pressure gauge having a pressureindicating member 17 slidable in a sleeve 13 under the action of a piston 14, and in which the pressure-indicating member 17 is separate from the piston 14 in order that it may remain in its deflected position when the piston 14 is returned to its zero position by spring means 16, there is, in addition, a central shaft 22 adapted to quickly secure the pressure-indicating member 17 to the piston 14 when desired. As shown in Fig 1, the pressure-indicating member 17 is a tube closed at its outer end by a plug 19, the plug 19, Fig. 2, being slotted at 20 in an axial direction to permit the passage therethrough, in one position of adjustment of the indicating member 17, of a crosshead 21 at one end of the shaft 22, the other end of the shaft 22 being secured to the piston 14. The relative shape and size of the slot 20 and crosshead 21 are such that on a part rotational turn being given to the pressure-indicating member 17 the slot 20 is moved out of register with the crosshead 21 which, in such position, lies across the slot 20 and so locks the pressure-indicating member 17 to the piston 14 for axial movement therewith in both outward and inward directions. The gauge has a hole 25 for lubrication and a spring member 28 applying frictional resistance to the movement of the pressure-indicating member 17. Specification 675,317 is referred to.
Patent GB-545030-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electromagnetically-operated electric switches
IPC: H02J7/14
Filed: 1941-02-11
Abstract: 545,030. Battery supply systems. C. A. V., Ltd., and GLASER, W. H. Feb. 11, 1941, No. 1856. [Class 38 (iv)] [Also in Group XXXVII] An arrangement for preventing excessive discharge from a storage battery such as in connecting an auxiliary i.e. engine starting equipment to a normal starting equipment when the polarity or voltage may be wrong, comprises an electromagnetic switch with a manual switch and a pair of normally-closed contacts in series with its winding, the contacts being separable by a protective magnet having its winding connected across the contacts of the electricmagnetic switch. Auxiliary starting equipment comprises a slave battery a adapted to be detachably connected to the normal starting equipment (not shown) over pin or socket contacts b, d and contacts g of electromagnetic switches e in the outer leads. The fixed contacts f are shunted by the coils k of protective magnets which, if the connections at b, d are incorrect as to polarity or voltage, pass enough current to open contacts m and prevent energization of the windings h by the manual switch j. The two windings k may be combined into a single magnet having one set of contacts m, Fig. 2 (not shown). When the socket c is connected additionally to intermediate taps of battery a, the outer and the intermediate taps each have a winding h and associated switch j, the whole being arranged in parallel with one another and in series with contacts m of a magnet k which is connected across the contacts f in the outer lead connected to c, and acts as a polarity safeguard, Fig. 3 (not shown). In Fig. 4, the circuit of h, j, m includes also one winding of an electromagnetic cut-out r, the other winding of which is normally energized by the charging dynamo n to hold contacts p closed. When windings h are energized to close the starting circuit of battery a, the second winding of r opposes the dynamo winding, so causing p to open and disconnect the dynamo. Connections b, d are taken to leads s whereby "spikes" may be employed to effect the starting connections.
Patent GB-113099-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Curtains, Coverings or the like especially suitable for Vehicles.
Inventor: SUNDBACK GIDEON
IPC: B60J11/00
Filed: 1918-02-01
Abstract: 113,099. Sundback, G. Jan. 30, 1917, [Convention date]. Awnings, special applications of. - Relates to curtains or coverings for boats &c., in which there is an opening or slit which it is necessary to close from time to time, and to the application of fastenings of the type operated by a slider as described in Specification 12261/15, [Class 44, Fastenings, Lock &c.], to such slits and for the attachment of the curtains. Fig. 1 shows the application to an automobile provided with side curtains 6 having curved slits 7 so as to form sections 8 adapted to open and close with the doors. The edges of these slits are adapted to be connected by fastenings of the type referred to and comprising members 9, Figs. 4 and 5, having interlocking projections and recesses 11 clamped by jaws 10 to the beaded edges of stringers or tapes 14, 15 stitched at 17 to the curtains. A member 22 slides on the stringers and curved channels therein act as cams to effect the locking and unlocking of the members. By sliding the member 22 along the slit, this can be opened or closed to any desired extent. The stringers are gored as shown at 25 to enable them to be curved and the members are spaced more widely on the outer than on the inner stringer. To ensure the proper engagement and operation of the members, the projections and recesses thereof are transversely elongated as shown in Fig. 5 and are inclined from back to front as seen in Fig. 4. A pull member 23, 24 is provided on each side of the member 22. The fastening is overlapped by one edge 8' of the curtain. The sections 8 may be supported by a detachable rod 33 mounted on the door. The top edge of the curtains are attached to the hood or top 2 by similar means, the stringers and fastening being continued beyond the rear edge of the curtain so as to permit the curtain to be swung backwardly and folded up under the top without being actually detached therefrom. As shown in Fig. 8, the top edge of the slit is also the edge by which the curtain is attached to the top, the curtains being in two or more separate sections. Transverse curtains also may be attached by these fastenings.
Patent GB-938199-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of nitriles
IPC: C07C253/34
Filed: 1962-01-18
Abstract: A nitrile is separated from an aqueous mixture comprising the nitrile and at least one inorganic salt and/or a complex of the nitrile and an inorganic metal salt by heating the mixture with a solvent for the nitrile, which solvent forms an azeotrope with water and does not dissolve the inorganic metal salt or salts, decomposing the complex if present and removing the water and at least part of the solvent by distillation, dividing the remaining mixture into inorganic salt or salts on the one hand and nitrile or nitrile solution on the other, and optionally removing solvent from the nitrile solution.  Nitriles which may be separated include acetonitrile, capronitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile, sebacic acid nitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 2,4,6-trichlorobenzonitrile, 3-chloro-1-nitro-2-cyano-naphthalene, 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile, 6-bromo - 2 - nitrobenzonitrile, 6-methyl-2-nitro benzonitrile, 2,6-dinitrobenzonitrile, o-nitrobenzonitrile, 5-methyl-2-nitrobenzonitrile, 1,3-dinitro-2-cyanonaphthalene and 6-nitro-2-methoxy benzonitrile.  The inorganic metal salt or salts present as such or as complexes with nitriles in the aqueous mixture may be alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g. sodium potassium or calcium or copper, zinc or iron salts, or mixtures thereof. Specified salts are cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous cyanide and the halides or cyanides of sodium or potassium.  The azeotropic distillation is generally carried out at atmospheric pressure using a solvent the aqueous azeotrope of which has a boiling point of between 30 DEG  and 100 DEG C. at atmospheric pressure.  The solvent used is preferably not miscible with water.  Suitable solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene and halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. 1,2-dichloroethane.  In the example 6-chloro-2-nitrobenzonitrile is prepared by reacting 2,3-dichloro nitrobenzene with cuprous cyanide in dimethyl formamide, the dimethyl formamide subsequently being remixed by washing with water.  The wet slurry obtained consisting chiefly of a complex of 6-chloro-2-nitro-benzonitrile and cuprous chloride and containing an amount of water about equal to the amount of complex is heated with 1,2-dichloroethane, the water and part of the solvent thus being distilled off.  The bottom layer of the distillate consisting of dichlorethane is continuously recycled. The nitrile solution is syphoned off the precipitated cuprous chloride, cooled, filtered and the solvent distilled therefrom. Specifications 861,898 and 861,899 are referred to.
Patent GB-1345474-A (GB)
Title: Alkaline earth metal organometallic compounds and method
IPC: C08F4/50
Filed: 1972-01-14
Abstract: 1345474 Organo-alkaline earth metal compounds GENERAL TIRE & RUBBER CO 14 Jan 1972 [18 Jan 1971] 1943/72 Heading C2J [Also in Division C3] A compound having an ionic carbon to alkaline earth metal bond is prepared by reacting, at -100 to + 50 C. in a protic polar amine solvent and under anhydrous conditions, such a metal (especially Ca, Ba or Sr) with a weakly acidic organic compound having a pKa value on the MSAD scale of 15 to 35 and less than that of the amine solvent, the latter being a liquid at -100 to + 50 C. and 0À25-10 atmospheres and being a saturated C 1-36 , N 1-5  aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic hydrocarbon mono- or polyamine. Many amine solvents and weakly acidic organic compounds are specified. Usually, a liquid hydrocarbon solvent of pKa greater than 35 is mixed with the amine solvent in up to 50% by volume and the reaction effected under an inert atmosphere. The compounds are used as polymerization catalysts.
Patent GB-1263040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to a pinion drive for starting an internal combustion engine
IPC: F02N15/02
Filed: 1971-01-15
Abstract: 1,263,040. Ratchet clutches. ROBERT BOSCH G.m.b.H. 15 Jan., 1971 [19 Jan., 1970], No. 2026/71. Heading F2C. [Also in Division F1] The drive for an I.C. engine starter pinion 10 is effected through a one-way jamming roller clutch 12 connecting the pinion to a sleeve 11 screw-threaded at 13 on the starter motor armature shaft, the clutch rollers 18 being biased to their engagement positions by individual compression springs (19), Fig 2 (not shown), of circular cross-section abutting cross-members (28) formed integrally with a cage ring 29 and having shoulders (30) to guide the springs laterally. A two-part bush member 15 abuts an engaging spring 16 and is acted on by a lever of an engaging relay The cage ring (29) and cross-members (28) are injection moulded from plastics material, and the ring is held against rotation by forming it with the same configuration as the inner surface of the outer clutch member 14c which has the jamming ramp clutch surfaces. The ring is formed oversized and the excess material sheared off on assembly.
Patent GB-1097833-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to apparatus for controlling the position of an object in dependence on recorded signals
Inventor: GOOD RICHARD SAMUEL JONATHAN
IPC: G05B19/40
Filed: 1965-01-16
Abstract: 1,097,833. Programmed position control. FERRANTI Ltd. Jan. 5, 1966 [Jan. 16, 1965], No.2059/65. Heading G3N. The position of an object is controlled in response to recorded cyclic reference and main signals by deriving from the reference signal n reference squarewave signal in n-phase relationship with one another and from the main signal a main squarewave signal, the squarewave signals being demodulated to derive from the main squarewave signal under the control of the n reference squarewave signals, n combination rectangular signals width-modulated in n-phase relationship with one another in dependence on the relative phase of the recorded signals, the n-combination signals being applied to n-phase stator windings of a synchronous motor positioning the object. As shown, the position of a work-table is controlled in dependence on the relative phase of cyclic reference and main signals recorded on a magnetic tape 11. The reference signal is derived from the tape by a transducer 12 and applied to a stage 14 providing two reference squarewaves R1, R2 in quadrature. The main signal is derived by a transducer 13 and applied to a stage 15 providing a main squarewave X. The R1, R2, X signals are applied to a demodulation stage 16, arranged to derive from the X signal, under control of the reference squarewave signals, two rectangular signals D1, D2 which are width-modulated in quadrature with one another in dependence on the relative phase of the recorded signals. Stage 16 includes a stage 17 for deriving two further reference signals R3, R4 in counterphase to R1, R2, a stage 18 for deriving from the main signal X a counterphase signal X1 and a network 19 which derives from signals R1-R4, X, X1 the signals Dl, D2. The signals Dl, D2 are applied to quadrature windings 21, 22 of a two-phase synchronous motor 23 through power amplifying stages 25, 27. A permanent magnet rotor 27 of the motor being mechanically coupled to drive the work-table 10. The inductance of the motor-windings 21, 22 smooths the width-modulated signals D1, D2 causing the rotor 27 to take-up a position determined by the relative strengths of the quadrature energizations.
Patent GB-1338751-A (GB)
Title: Stoving lacquers
IPC: C08F283/10
Filed: 1971-01-15
Abstract: 1338751 Epoxy resin based graft copolymers BAYER AG 15 Jan 1971 [27 Jan 1970] 2101/71 Heading C3G A stoving lacquer comprises (A) a graft copolymer having as graft base an epoxy resin which contains 1-7% by wt. of hydroxyl groups and more than one epoxide group per molecule, the graft base having been grafted with a monomer mixture comprising (a) 99À5- 60% by wt. of methyl methacrylate, (b) 0À5- 40% of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or anhydride and (c) 0-20% of one or more additional copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds free from acid groups, the epoxy resin comprising 30-98% by wt. of the graft copolymer, and (B) at least one hardener which is a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride or polyamide thereof, a N-methylolated polyurea or polyamide of a polycarboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted lactam or dicyandiamide, a polyphenol, a polyurea, or a compound containing alkoxymethyl groups. In the examples epoxide resins were graft copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid, and optionally butyl acrylate, and the graft copolymers were mixed with trimellitic acid anhydride, titanium dioxide, methyl isobutylketone, xylene, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, dibutyl tin dilaurate, ethyl glycol, caprolactam, N-methylol caprolactam adipic acid, ethanol, 4 - chloroisophthalic acid diamide, hexamethylene bis-methoxy-methyl urea, cyclohexanone, bisurethane of methoxy methyl isocyanate and 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and/or diurea of tolylene diisocyanate and ammonia.
Patent GB-536782-A (GB)
Title: Method of, and devices for producing double necked feeding bottles
IPC: C03B9/32
Filed: 1940-02-03
Abstract: 536,782. Making feeding bottles. LAX, F., and LISTER, E. Feb. 3, 1940, No. 2126. [Class 56] A method of making a double-necked feeding bottle consists in placing a charge of molten glass in a parison mould and ring mould to form a parison with one neck of the bottle fully shaped, and then blowing the parison in a finishing mould to form the bottle with the other neck. The parison is formed in a divided mould 2 Fig. 1, which closes about a ring mould 3 that may be in the form of a pair of tongs. When a charge of glass is inserted in the mould cavity 2a, it is drawn down into the ring mould by suction applied through a pipe 2b with a plug 4 to form the ring 3a and a portion 3b of one of the necks of the bottle. The mould is then opened and the parison is transferred by the ring mould to a divided finishing mould 7, 7a, Fig. 3, where the ring mould is held by guides 5 in alignment with a blowhead 6. The mould cavity has its lower end shaped to form a neck 8 and a bulbous part 8a in the lower part of the finished bottle. When the bottle is removed from the mould, the bulb 8a is struck off by a suitable tool and the neck 8 is reheated and smoothed by a shaping tool.
Patent GB-689933-A (GB)
Title: Indicator of soft gamma and other rays given off by radioactive materials which are capable of exciting luminescent materials to emit photons in the ultraviolet range
IPC: H01J47/08
Filed: 1951-01-29
Abstract: 689,933. Photo-electric cells; Geiger counters. TESLA, NATIONAL CORPORATION, and KUHN, A. Jan. 29, 1951 [Jan. 27, 1950], No. 2152/51. Class 39(i). An indicator of the Geiger-M³ller type, having a photosensitive cathode, has a luminescent coating on the envelope which emits ultra-violet photons under the action of soft gamma, X- and other rays emitted by radioctive materials. The indicator has a wire anode 2 which may have small insulating beads 7 spaced along it to reduce the dead time, or simply one bead at the end for suppressing corona effect. The half-cylindrical cathode 1 is of cadmium, magnesium, activated copper, or other ultra-violet sensitive material: and may be compact, or of mesh construction. The luminescent coating 5 may be outside or inside the envelope, which is of u-v transparent material. The photon emission in the u-v range produced by the action of the radiation on the coating 5 ionizes the gasfilling directly, or by causing photo-emission from the cathode, or both together.
Patent GB-547228-A (GB)
Title: Closure caps for bottles, jars and like containers
IPC: B65D41/02
Filed: 1941-02-18
Abstract: 547,228. Closures for bottles and like. WHITE CAP CO. Feb. 18, 1941, No. 2195. Convention date, April 24, 1940. [Class 125 (iii)] A closure for bottles, jars, cans and the like consists of a cap 10 with a dependent resilient skirl the upper part 12 of which provides a small clearance round the bottle neck 16, while the lower part 11 flares outwards at a very obtuse angle to the upper part 12. A gasket 15 of rubber composition or other suitable material, of cylindrical form and a diameter approximately the  same as that of the lower margir of the skirt is held inside the skirt by the upturned edge 14. The gasket extends very slightly above the junction of the constricting portion 12 and the flared portion 11. When the cap is first placed on the mouth of the container, the upper portion of the gasket rests on the top edge of the container. Any pre-sealing operations may then be accomplished and sealing effected by pressing the cap home. The upper part of the gasket is compressed between the bottle neck and the constricting part 12 of the skirt which is forced outwards, and the tension in the skirt ensures a good sealing grip. In a modification a shoulder on the bottle neck is forced into the gasket. Specifications 312,148, [Class 125 (iii)], 525,102 and 525,891 are referred to.
Patent GB-674325-A (GB)
Title: New therapeutically useful piperazine derivatives
Filed: 1949-01-27
Abstract: Piperazine derivatives of the general formula <FORM:0674325/IV (b)/1> (wherein R and R1 represent alkyl radicals containing respectively not more than 4 and not more than 3 carbon atoms) and their salts are manufactured by condensing a sulphonyl halide R-SO2X(X=halogen) with an N-mono-substituted piperazine, or by cyclizing a compound of the general formula <FORM:0674325/IV (b)/2> (wherein X represents a halogen atom) by condensation with a primary amine R1NH2 or a secondary amine NH(R1)2, and in the latter case simultaneously or subsequently converting the resulting quaternary derivative into the desired tertiary base, or by the action of an alkylating agent (e.g. a methyl or ethyl halide or sulphonate) on a compound of the general formula  <FORM:0674325/IV (b)/3> In all cases the products are, if desired, converted into salts, e.g. into their hydrochlorides by the action of alcoholic or ethereal hydrogen chloride on a solution of the base in an anhydrous organic solvent, or into their ethiodides by the action of ethyl iodide on a solution of the base in an inert organic solvent.  The products are of therapeutic value in the treatment of traumatic and haemorrhagic shock.  Examples illustrate the various processes as applied to the preparation of compounds in which R is ethyl, methyl, n- and iso-propyl and n-butyl, and R1 is ethyl, methyl and isopropyl.  Alkanesulphondi-b -haloethylamides, used as starting materials in the second of the processes above, are obtainable by reaction of a sulphonyl halide R-SO2X with a secondary halogenated amine NH(CH2CH2X)2, or with diethanolamine followed by replacement of the hydroxy groups by halogen (e.g. by the action of thionyl chloride).  In examples, methane- or ethane-sulphonyl chloride is heated with 2 : 21-dichlordiethylamine hydrochloride in acetone in the presence of sodium carbonate.  N-Methane- and -ethane-sulphonylpiperazine, used as starting materials in the third process, are prepared by stirring methane- or ethane-sulphonyl chloride with N-carbethoxypiperazine in ether, and hydrolysing the product with aqueous alcoholic caustic soda.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the manufacture of compounds of the general formula above in which R represents a phenyl radical which may be substituted by a methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy or ethoxy group or a halogen atom. Additional examples describe the preparation of compounds in which R is phenyl, p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl and p-methoxyphenyl. N-Benzenesulphonylpiperazine, which is one of the starting materials, is prepared by reacting benzenesulphonyl chloride with N-carbethoxypiperidine and hydrolysing the product.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.