Patent GB-941375-A (GB)
Title: A semi-conductor device
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1960-03-31
Abstract: 941,375. T.-R. switches; waveguide switches; semi-conductor switches. MICROWAVES ASSOCIATES Inc. March 31, 1960 [May 11, 1959], No. 11400/60. Headings H1D, H1K, and H1W. A semi-conductor device comprises a semiconductor body ohmically connected to at least two electrical conductors or between the ends of a single conductor dimensioned to couple the body with electromagnetic radiation and a dielectric envelope completely surrounding and hermetically sealing the body and conductors. In one embodiment, Fig. 1, the semi-conductor body is mounted between a pair of rods 11, 12 supported on the axis of a sealed glass or quartz tube by a polyethylene filling 13. The overall length of the assembly of body and rods is half the wavelength of the centre of the microwave band in which the device is to operate. The body may alternatively be mounted between the ends of an open ring-shaped conductor, or two bodies mounted between the respective ends of a pair of ring halves in a pill-box shaped envelope. In this arrangement the conductors may be directly supported by the walls of a coolant filled envelope. Another possible configuration, Fig. 13, is to mount a body 10 between adjacent ends of a pair of ring halves 30.1, 30.2, the other ends of which are spaced apart to form a capacitor by insertion into tightly fitting ring insulator 39. An alternative method of mounting within the envelope particularly suitable for use with a voltage variable capacitor of mess diode type 10 (Fig. 11) with a spring contact 29 is to mount the rods in a tightly fitting steatite, quartz, or alumina sleeve 24. The sleeve in turn is a tight fit in the envelope, the remaining space in which is filled with an insulating coolant fluid such as hydrocarbon oil, carbon tetrachloride, helium, hydrogen or " Freon " (Trade Mark). The devices may be cemented in a flanged section of waveguide adapted to mate with other waveguides, as in Fig. 17, where the body 10 is held between the narrow ends of conical electrodes 71, 72 or may form part of a T.-R. switch (Fig. 15) comprising a gas-filled flanged section of rectangular waveguide with confronting conical electrodes 53, 54 and igniter electrode 55. The device 57 is mounted a distance #/4 from the igniter electrode, and the ends of the waveguide sealed off by metal plates with glass windows. If the device comprises two back-to-back Zener diode junctions it has the effect of clipping the initial spike of energy passed by the tube before the spark gap 53, 54 fires. In another such arrangement, Fig. 16, using two reverse parallel connected PN bodies mounted in an insulating sleeve 24 between rod electrodes 11, 12, the envelope is dispensed with, the assembly being mounted in a waveguide section 59.1 filled with foamed polystyrene 62. In all the above arrangements the semi-conductor body may comprise a PN or PIN junction, a PN junction surrounded by an intrinsic region as shown in Fig. 7 or two back-to-back Zener diode PN junctions with one common zone. Alternatively the body may be replaced by two PN bodies mounted in parallel opposition between the conductors.