baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20020041984-A (KR)
Title: Phase angle control apparatus for linear compressor
Inventor: HWANG IN YEONG
IPC: F04B17/00
Filed: 2000-11-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for controlling phase angle of linear compressor is provided to prevent a piston from being pushed back when the linear compressor is operated under over-load. CONSTITUTION: A device includes a linear compressor(L.COMP); a current detective part(200); a work operation part(300); an intake/discharge pressure difference storage part(500); a micro computer(400); a duty rate change part(600); and an electric circuit part(100). The intake/discharge pressure difference storage part separately stores a plurality of work operation signals corresponding to change duty rate of switching control signals and differences between intake/discharge pressures corresponding with a plurality of the work operation signals. The micro computer receives work operation signals from the work operation part and reads corresponding difference between the intake/discharge pressures from the intake/discharge pressure difference storage part to display as load and compares work operation signal with the previous work operation signal to output corresponding switching control signal. The duty rate change part receives switching control signal of the micro computer by load detected by the micro computer and outputs duty rate of the switching control signal changed differently on compression stroke and expansion stroke at fixed proportional constant. The electric circuit part intermits alternating current power by a triac(Tr1) to impress stroke voltage to the linear compressor, differently on compression stroke and expansion stroke, following output signal of the duty rate change part.
Patent KR-20020045390-A (KR)
Title: Detergent dispersing method for washing machine
Inventor: LEE DEUK HUI
IPC: D06F39/02
Filed: 2000-12-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for dispersing detergent of a washing machine is provided to disperse detergent uniformly even in a case that inserted detergent is gathered at a side inside a wash tub. CONSTITUTION: A method for dispersing detergent of a washing machine includes sensing an amount of clothing, inserting detergent of a proper amount corresponding to the amount of clothing into a wash tub, rotating the wash tub to a setting rotational speed in a first direction to sufficiently dispersing detergent by centrifugal force, rotating the wash tub to a setting rotational speed in a second direction opposed to the first direction after stopping the rotation of the first direction, supplying water to a water amount corresponding to the amount of clothing, and performing washing.
Patent KR-20020045947-A (KR)
Title: Connector of DY
Inventor: KIM HYEOK DONG
IPC: H01J29/70
Filed: 2000-12-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A connector of a deflection yoke is provided to prevent a circuit from being cut by combining easily a terminal hole of a connector with a connection pin or separating easily the terminal hole from the connection pin. CONSTITUTION: A fluorescent surface is formed by a panel(10). An exterior view of a cathode ray tube is formed by combining the panel(10) with a funnel(20). A neck portion(30) is formed at the rear side of the funnel(20). An electron gun(40) is installed at the inside of an end portion of the neck portion(30). A deflection yoke(50) is installed at a boundary portion between the rear side of the funnel(20) and the neck portion(30). A connector(60) is formed at the deflection yoke(50). The connector(60) is connected electrically with a connection pin(80). The connection pin(80) is arranged on a sash(70). The connector(60) is formed with a multitude of connection hole(61) and a support body(63). A couple of guide groove(64) is formed in the inside of the support body(63).
Patent KR-20010062380-A (KR)
Inventor: ASAKAWA YUJI
IPC: B01J49/00
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a method for regenerating a mixed bed type sugar solution purification device charged with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a basic anion exchange resin, by which an amphoteric organic substance, such as an amino acid, caught on the strongly acidic cation exchange resin can efficiently be detached to prevent its leakage in the treated sugar solution. CONSTITUTION: An alkali regeneration agent A is allowed to pass through a strongly acidic cation exchange resin 4 and a basic anion exchange resin 3 to regenerate the basic anion exchange resin and further detach an amphoteric organic substance, such as an amino acid, caught on the strongly acidic cation exchange resin. Then, an acid regeneration agent B is allowed to pass through the strongly acidic cation exchange resin to regenerate the strongly acidic cation exchange resin.
Patent KR-20020049523-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON HYEONG UK
IPC: H04J13/12
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for detecting a rate of a high-speed data channel in a mobile communication system is provided to detect the rate in a high speed without using a CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check) and an SER(Symbol Error Rate) when the high-speed data channel is transmitted at a variable rate. CONSTITUTION: An analog/digital converter(32) converts an inputted analog signal into a digital signal with a baseband. A PN(Pseudo Noise) correlator(33) correlates the output signal of the analog/digital converter(32) with a provided PN code. A channel correlator(34) correlates the output signal of the PN correlator(33) with a Walsh code assigned in a corresponding channel. A pilot filter(35) filters the output signal of the PN correlator(33). A coherent detector(36) performs phase shift and signal attenuation to the output signal of the channel correlator(34) using the pilot filter(35). A plurality of decoders(37a-37d) decode the output signal of the coherent detector(36) and perform a CRC included in the decoded signal. A microprocessor(38) receives the check result of a plurality of decoders(37a-37d) and the decoded bit and determines a transmission rate of data.
Patent KR-20010016592-A (KR)
Title: Preparation Method of the Functional Polymeric Beads by Radiation-induced Polymerization and Its Functional Polymeric Beads
Inventor: CHOI SEONG HO
IPC: C08F2/46
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a process for producing functional polymer beads by a radiation polymerization, the functional polymer beads can be used as functional biomaterial and material of an affinity column for separating protein. CONSTITUTION: The functional polymer beads are produced by dissolving a mixed vinyl based monomer having functional groups in an organic solvent and performing the polymerization by irradiating the radiation to produce the functional polymer beads and then filtering and drying the produced beads. The mixed vinyl based monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methacryloyl chloride, and acryloyl chloride.
Patent KR-20020054045-A (KR)
Title: A method for stabilization of fluorinion in oral compositions containing calcium carbonate as polishing agent and oral composition containing of fluorinion stabled thereby
Inventor: LEE GI HYEON
IPC: A61K8/19
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for stabilizing a fluorine ion in a dental composition containing calcium carbonate as an abrasive agent and sodium monofluorophosphate as a fluorine ion supply source. Whereby, the dental composition can continuously impart an excellent decay preventing effect. CONSTITUTION: The dental composition containing calcium carbonate as an abrasive agent and sodium monofluorophosphate as a fluorine ion supply source is characterized in that it contains 0.05 to 5.0% by weight of alkaline phosphate to stabilize fluorine ions. The calcium carbonate contains 10 to 60% by weight of one or more selected from the group consisting of heavy calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, activated microfine calcium carbonate.
Patent KR-20020054199-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SU JONG
IPC: G02F1/136
Filed: 2000-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display panel is provided to dispense spacers whose surfaces have a polarity only on gate lines having the polarity opposite to the polarity of the spacers to acquire high aperture ratio and improve production efficiency. CONSTITUTION: Gate lines(115) and data lines(119) are formed on the first substrate, intersecting each other to define pixel regions. A thin film transistor and a pixel electrode(121) are formed in each pixel region. Spacers(125) are dispensed only on the gate line formed on the first substrate. A sealant is formed at the edge of the second substrate. The first and second substrates are attached to each other, facing each other, and liquid crystal is injected into the space between the two substrates. The surfaces of the spacers have a polarity when the spacers are dispersed. Electricity is applied to the data line such that the same electric field as that of the spacers is formed in the data line and the pixel electrode. Electricity is applied to the gate line such that the electric field opposite to that of the spacers is formed in the gate line.
Patent KR-20020055966-A (KR)
Title: Link structure of rear wiper driving device for automobile
Inventor: LEE GWANG GWON
IPC: B60S1/26
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A link structure of a rear wiper driving device is provided to alternate an existing complex link structure by guiding a pin shaped protrusion into a slot of a link member and rotating the link member and a wiper arm shaft. CONSTITUTION: A link structure comprises a link member(46) combined with a wiper arm shaft(50) to rotate and formed at a slot(46a); and a pin shaped protrusion(32) protruded in a worm gear(30) to insert into the slot. The pin shaped protrusion rotates the link member by guiding through the slot when the worm gear is rotated. Thereby, an existing complex gear typed link structure is alternated.
Patent KR-20020058749-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling air/fuel rate by using modeling of air temperature sensor for a vehicle
Inventor: HAN GWANG JIN
IPC: F02D41/04
Filed: 2000-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: In controlling air fuel ratio of vehicle, an intake air temperature sensor is deleted, and only intake manifold pressure sensor is used for air fuel ratio control. CONSTITUTION: A coolant temperature, an engine intake manifold pressure, and an intake flowing amount are detected by a coolant temperature sensor, an intake manifold pressure sensor, and an intake flowing amount sensor, and then calculated by an ECU. The intake air temperature is modeled, by the intake flowing amount and the intake manifold pressure. A coolant temperature compensation value is calculated by using fuel amount according to the coolant temperature and the intake manifold pressure. The intake air temperature is calculated by the coolant temperature compensation value and the expected intake air temperature.
Patent KR-20010021582-A (KR)
IPC: H01L21/365
Filed: 1998-07-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 Ⅱ-Ⅵ-반도체 소자를 제조하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다.  본 방법에서는 적어도 하나의 Se 함유 및/또는 S 함유 Ⅱ-Ⅵ-반도체층을 포함하는 액티브층 시퀀스(113)가 기판(101)상에 제공된다.  먼저, Se 및 S 없는 에피텍셜 챔버(211, 221)내에서 BeTe을 기본으로 한 Se 없는 Ⅱ-Ⅵ-중간층(103)이 기판(101)상에 에피텍셜 성장한다.  그 다음, 액티브층 시퀀스(113)가 Se 없는 Ⅱ-Ⅵ-반도체층(103)상으로 에피텍셜 성장한다.
Patent KR-20010022205-A (KR)
IPC: A61F2/28
Filed: 1998-07-23
Abstract: The present invention is a tubular inter-body fusion device (102) having flat upper, and lower surfaces (104, 106) including multiple parallel ratch blade ridges (114, 116) having opposing orientations, concave exterior side walls (108,110), an interior axial bore (112) having inwardly directed ratchet ridges, a plurality of through holes (126, 128, 134) extending from the upper and lower surfaces into the interior bore from the sides into the interior bore, and from the upper and lower surfaces through the side walls.
Patent KR-20010024073-A (KR)
IPC: C07D231/12
Filed: 1998-09-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 하기 화학식 I의 벤즈아미드옥심에 관한 것이다. 
     ＜화학식 I＞ 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서, 치환체는 다음과 같다. 
     R 1 은 디플루오로메틸 또는 트리플루오로메틸이고, R 2 는 수소 또는 불소이고, 
     R 3 은 시아노로 치환될 수 있는 C 1 -C 4 -알킬, C 1 -C 4 -할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알콕시-C 1 -C 4 -알킬, C 3 -C 6 -알케닐, C 3 -C 6 -할로겐알케닐, C 3 -C 6 -알키닐, C 3 -C 8 -시클로알킬-C 1 -C 4 알킬이고, 
     R 4 는 페닐 고리 상에 C 1 -C 4 할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알콕시 또는 C 1 -C 4 할로겐알콕시로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1개 이상의 치환체를 가질 수 있는 페닐-C 1 -C 6 알킬, 또는 티에닐 고리 상에 할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알킬, C 1 -C 4 -할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알콕시 또는 C 1 -C 4 할로겐알콕시로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1개 이상의 치환체를 가질 수 있는 티에닐-C 1 -C 4 알킬, 또는 피라졸 고리 상에 할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알킬, C 1 -C 4 -할로겐알킬, C 1 -C 4 알콕시 또는 C 1 -C 4 할로겐알콕시로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1개 이상의 치환체를 가질 수 있는 피라졸릴-C 1 -C 4 알킬이다. 
     본 발명은 또한 이러한 유도체들의 제조를 위한 중간 생성물과 살진균제로서의 이들의 용도에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010052279-A (KR)
Title: 상동 재조합에 의한 여포자극호르몬 베타 유전자의 발현변화
IPC: C12N5/10
Filed: 1999-05-05
Abstract: FSHβ 유전자의 코딩 영역 상류의 특정 지놈 영역과 엄격한 조건하에서 혼성화하거나 또는 적어도 80%의 서열 상동성을 공유하는 분리된 핵산 분자, 및 상기 핵산 분자를 상동 재조합용 타겟팅 서열로 포함하는 DNA 구조물(construct).
Patent KR-20010043637-A (KR)
Title: 전기 과부하 계전기의 접점 메카니즘
IPC: H01H83/20
Filed: 1999-04-13
Abstract: 용이한 조립, 저렴한 구성 및 향상된 신뢰성이 두 안정 위치 사이의 피벗 운동을 위해 피벗(16)상의, 하우징에 장착된 쌍안정 전기자(18)를 포함하는 하우징(10)을 포함하는 과부하 계전기의 트립 메카니즘에 실현된다. 고정 접점(12, 14)은 하우징(10)내에 위치되고, 이동가능 접점(48)은 두 안정 위치 중의 하나인 고정 접점(12, 14)와의 접속 위치로의 이동 및 두 안정 위치 중의 다른 하나인 고정 접점(12, 14)에 대한 단락 위치로의 이동을 위해 판 스프링에 의해 이송된다. 전기자(18)에 의해 이송되는 돌출부(50, 52)는 판 스프링(32) 및 그들과 연관된 접점(48)을 이동시키는 동작을 한다. 래치 암(24)은 전기자(18)에 의해 이송되고 래치면(84, 86)을 구비한다. 스프링(94)은 하우징(18)에 장착되고, 래치면에 맞물려서 두 안정 위치 중의 하나에서 전기자를 유지하는 래치 암(88)을 구비한다.
Patent KR-20010043967-A (KR)
Title: 엘라스탄 실 및 그의 제조 방법
IPC: D01F6/70
Filed: 1999-05-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 용융시 가공성이 향상된 분절 폴리우레탄의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로, 이들은 상기 방법을 기초로 하여 유리한 방식으로 방사되어 기계적 그리고 열적 특성이 개선된, 고도의 탄성 미세한 데니어의 엘라스탄 실 및 필라멘트를 형성할 수 있다.  본 발명의 방법은 용융 상태에서 임의의 다른 보조제 및 첨가제 이외에, 유기 디이소시아네이트 및 저분자량 디올과 장쇄 고분자량 폴리히드록시 화합물을 반응시킬 때 특별한 가교성 폴리이소시아네이트가 배합된 히드록시알킬 종결 폴리실록산을 사용한다.
Patent KR-20010071550-A (KR)
Title: 금속 환원 및 용융 공정을 위한 유도로
IPC: C22B9/22
Filed: 1999-07-13
Abstract: 금속 환원 및 용융 공정을 위한 장치가 개시되며, 금속과 탄소 함유 버든 (15)이 가열 용기(11)를 포함하는 유도로(10) 내에서 가열되고, 버든(15)은 용기 (11) 내의 액체 금속조(18) 상의 적어도 하나의 더미(16, 17) 내에서 뜰 수 있으며, 본 장치는 용기(11)의 바닥 중심선(11.1)에 위치한 적어도 하나의 유도 히터 또는 인덕터(12)를 포함하며, 길이 방향 유입부는 장치의 용기의 유입부에 수직으로 향하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20010085275-A (KR)
Title: 미스트 공급장치
IPC: F16N7/32
Filed: 1999-08-12
Abstract: 주 탱크(1)의 내부의 간막이판(2)의 상부에 내부탱크(6)를 배치하고, 이 내부탱크(6)의 천장벽에 분무노즐(8)을 설치한다. 내부탱크(6)의 외주면에는 나선형상의 세관으로 이루어지는 미스트 분리수단(33)을 배치하고, 미스트 분리수단(33)의 상부 개구(33a)를 내부탱크(6)의 상부의 접속블록(32)에 접속하며, 하부개구(33b)를 주  미스트실(5)의 하부에 위치결정한다. 분무노즐(8)로 발생된 1차 미스트 중의 작은 입자는 내부 미스트실(7)의 상부에 위치하고, 큰 입자(3a)는 내부 미스트실(7)의 하부에 강하하여 내부 탱크(6)의 내벽에 부착하며, 내부 미스트실(7)에는 작은 입자만으로 이루어지는 2차 미스트가 남는다. 2차 미스트는 미스트 분리수단(33)을 통과할 때에 가속도와 원심력을 받고, 2차 미스트 중의 큰 입자가 미스트 분리수단(33)의 내벽에 부착하여, 주 미스트실(5)에는 작은 입자만으로 이루어지는 3차 미스트가 충만한다
Patent KR-20010071686-A (KR)
Title: 굴착기의 날에 사용하기 위한 커플링
IPC: E02F9/28
Filed: 1999-07-01
Abstract: 본원에서는 굴착기의 날(teeth)에 사용하기 위한 커플링을 개시한다. 
     날과 날 지지체사이의 커플링은 상기 커플링의 중간부로부터 자유 단부까지에 걸쳐서 형성되는 세 개의 영역들의 조합에 의하여 달성된다.  상기 세 개의 영역들의 조합은 상기 커플링부의 측면 외측 표면에서 개방되는 계단형 직선 가이드 영역과, 서로 대향한 두 개의 회전 표면을 이용하여 가이드하는 영역과; 상기 커플링의 축과 일치하는 축을 갖는 프리즘형 봉 형상의 말단 영역으로 이루어진다.
Patent KR-20020059970-A (KR)
Title: method for providing applicant-collection service
Inventor: AHN YONG HYEON
IPC: G06Q99/00
Filed: 2001-01-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for supplying a person collecting service is provided to decide results of an examination in accordance with a response order being transmitted from applicants by receiving a job hunting application and a volunteer application from a mobile terminal user and transmitting a public person collecting notification of a company or a group to the applicants in a bundle. CONSTITUTION: If a connection call of a mobile terminal is received(S1), a core network of a mobile communication network sets a call path with respect to the mobile terminal. Thus, a call is opened(S2). The service server receives a registration of a job hunting application or a volunteer application from an applicant terminal(S3). As registered information, a job hunting or volunteer application area, a mobile terminal number of an applicant's mobile terminal, and a requesting kind are stored(S4). The service server receives a registration of a job offering application or a volunteer collection application from a job provider terminal(S5). As registered information, a job offering or kind, a volunteer job kind, the number of applicants, and business information are stored(S6). The service server manufactures and stores a rough map of the job offering company and sets a range of the necessary number of applicants(S7), and manufactures a collecting public notification message(S8). The service server selects mobile terminal numbers of the applicants(S9) and transmits the collecting public notification message to the selected mobile terminal numbers(S10). The collecting public notification is displayed on the applicant terminal, which received the message(S11). The applicant transmits a response and the service server receives responses of each applicant(S12-S14).
Patent KR-20020063334-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling message in mobile station
Inventor: SIM JI SEOP
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 2001-01-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for managing a message in a mobile communication terminal is provided to prevent that messages which a user does not want to delete are deleted by permanently storing desired messages among stored messages. CONSTITUTION: A control unit checks whether a storing message is received(410). If the stored message is received, the control unit judges whether a storing space for storing the message exists in a memory unit(412). If the storing space for storing the message does not exist in the memory unit, the control unit requests the memory to select the oldest message among messages which are not stored permanently among messages stored in a message storing table of the memory unit and delete the selected message. The memory unit receives the request from the control unit accesses the message storing table, classifies the messages which are not stored permanently, and selects and deletes the oldest message among the messages which are not stored permanently(414). If the storing space for storing the message exists in the memory unit, the control unit stores the storing message in the storing region designated for storing the message(416).
Patent KR-20020063456-A (KR)
Inventor: GU JA YOUNG
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2001-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A business method for carrying out a product transaction between individuals through a betting event provided by a relay type web site is provided to deal a personal collection through the betting event at more high probability than a conventional auction method. CONSTITUTION: A personal subscriber registers the product desiring to deal to the relay type web site after finishing a member identification procedure and logging in. The subscriber selects the event to join in and decides a selection program. The subscriber pays a relay commission to the relay web site and the web site asks the participation to the subscriber after the subscriber selects the desired product and counterpart. If the counterpart desires to join in, the web site sends the participation of the counterpart to the subscriber and the betting event is stated. If the subscriber wins the betting event, the subscriber obtains the product of the counterpart and if not, the subscriber takes over the product of the subscriber.
Patent KR-20020064093-A (KR)
Title: User's contents-database-management tool for storing and managing transmitted contents on user's computer.
Inventor: KIM SUNG YEAL
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2001-01-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A tool for managing contents at a database of user side is provided to compare and search a large quantity of contents to be searched by a user at a user browser in high speed by displaying contents list of one page in a server, installing a user contents database managing tool in a user terminal and computer, transmitting only contents requested by the user, storing the contents in a user contents database managing tool, and receiving only appended contents again. CONSTITUTION: Text, 2D and 3D images, MPEG, CAD, and Hologram contents in a virtual store(10) of an Internet web server(30) are called to a user terminal using a customer relationship management(CRM) and transmitted to a user virtual store(71) having a user contents database managing tool(63). A user computer(60) inputs a server call time and contents item to be requested, calls a server at a designated time, receives contents, and stores the contents in the user contents database managing tool(63). A user database managing tool program is installed in the user computer(60), and contents are compared and searched in a user web browser. The server(30) transmits the database managing tool(63) and requested contents(70), and the user computer(60) rearranges, compares, and searches the contents in real time. A user mall compares and searches the contents, calls the server(30), and processes a purchase request and a payment.
Patent KR-20010035323-A (KR)
Title: Ginseng preserved in Honey and Red Ginseng Extract, and Method of Manufacturing the Same
Inventor: KIM JAE KYUNG
IPC: A23L19/00
Filed: 2001-02-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A ginseng preserved in honey is provided to improve peculiar taste and smell by adding red ginseng liquid and powder. CONSTITUTION: Red ginseng is boiled in water with low heat for 14-18 hours to get red ginseng solution(10). Honey, white sugar or fructose is added to the red ginseng solution, and ginseng or sliced ginseng is put in the sweetening added solution(20). All ingredients are slowly heated with low heat for 8-15 hours(30). The heated ingredients are stored and cooled at 0-15deg.C for 12-24 hours to infiltrate red ginseng solution, honey, white sugar or fructose into the ginseng(40). The red ginseng solution is reheated to secondarily infiltrate the sweetening into the ginseng for manufacturing ginseng preserved in honey(50). Red ginseng powder mixed with herb medicines like Angelica gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata is sprayed on the surface of the ginseng in the step 50 before hardening the sweetening(60). The ginseng in the step 60 is dried at room temperature(70) to have 21-41% of the moisture content(80). The prepared ginseng in the step(80) is packaged for shipping(90).
Patent KR-20010078377-A (KR)
Title: A liquid crystal display device
Inventor: ACOSTA ELIZABETH JANE
IPC: G02F1/139
Filed: 2001-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: An LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) is provided to operate an LCD without requiring application of a high voltage. CONSTITUTION: An LCD includes a chiral LC layer disposed between first and second substrates and a means for applying voltage to both terminals of the LC layer. A first region(10) of the liquid crystal layer is an operation region for displaying while a second region(11) is formed as a nuclear-forming region for generating a desired LC state in the first region when voltage is fed on the LC layer. The ratio of the thickness(d) of the LC layer to the pitch(p) of LC material shows a first value(d/p)A in the first region and a second value (d/p)N in the second region. The ratio of the thickness of the LC layer to the pitch of the LC material in the second region is controlled in such a manner that the LC state stable in the second region is topologically equivalent to a desired LC state in the absence of the voltage applied on the LC layer.