baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-1025365-B1 (EP)
Inventor: HAMMER FRANZ
IPC: H02K41/02
Filed: 1998-10-20
Granted: 2002-03-13
Abstract: A linear module having a housing with a holder being secured against rotation and having an element for axial adjustment relative to the housing. The holder is surrounded by a sleeve proximate the housing, with the sleeve being provided with an external thread and an internal thread with the same direction of rotation, but with a differing lead. A guiding tube, being a first tube, is shaped as a rectangular tube and is located within the housing. A second tube is located within the guiding tube and is also constructed as a rectangular tube, which is capable of coaxial movement within the guiding tube. A linear motor connected to the second tube with the linear motor exerting a force on the second tube which is coaxial to a common axis of the guiding tube and the second tube. The linear motor is rigidly connected at one end to the holder. Guiding rail include a bearing for guiding coaxial movement of the second tube within the first tube with the guiding rails allowing for adjusting the bearing spatially. A position measuring device is located in at least one of the guiding tube or the second tube for determining a relative coaxial position of the guiding tube as compared with the second tube and a control unit in communication with the position measuring device for indicating the relative coaxial position of the guiding tube relative the second tube.
Patent EP-0930260-B1 (EP)
Inventor: MIVELAZ DOMINIQUE
IPC: B65H20/02
Filed: 1999-01-09
Granted: 2003-05-07
Abstract: The feed unit consists of a number of reel mandrels pivoted to a frame, with each mandrel divided into two sections (11a,11b) able to rotate relative to one another. Two separate drive mechanisms (8,25) are connected to one end of each mandrel, one section of which is tubular and mounted on top of the other.
Patent EP-0973003-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GERBER MICHAEL
IPC: F41A13/04
Filed: 1999-07-05
Granted: 2002-09-18
Abstract: A method for cooling the barrel in a rapid fire gun, e.g. a revolving barrel canon, has coolant pumped from a reservoir (7) and sprayed into the barrel prior to each discharge via a spray jet (16). The coolant is drawn from the reservoir and is compressed by a reciprocating piston (11). A non return valve (9) connects to the reservoir and a solenoid valve (15) controls the coolant spray into the barrel. The spray jet has a labyrinth duct to protect the system against back pressure during firing.
Patent EP-1004278-B1 (EP)
Inventor: FOSER HANS-PETER
IPC: A61C5/00
Filed: 1999-10-28
Granted: 2005-08-03
Abstract: A ceramic denture insertable in cavities in two adjoining crown or bridge units has a joining element (26) which can be sintered at below ca. 800 degrees C into the cavities by a glass powder paste or dispersion. An Independent claim relates to forming a joint between cavities in two adjoining crown or bridge units by providing the volume between the joining unit and the cavity with a glass powder paste or dispersion, adjusting the geometry and melting, cooling and hardening to form the joint.
Patent EP-1048763-B1 (EP)
Inventor: HEINZLE NORBERT
IPC: D01H13/04
Filed: 1999-12-10
Granted: 2003-07-09
Abstract: A hollow spindle, in particular for the manufacture of elastic twisted yarns, has a thread channel (9) extending coaxially with respect to the axis of the spindle (A), through which thread channel is axially moved a yarn (6), in particular an elastic core yarn. The thread channel (9) has ribs (10) on its inner surface (8a), which extend in peripheral direction or helically and project inwardly over the surface (8a), so that the yarn (6) running through the thread channel (9) rests only pointlike on the ribs, otherwise, however, is supported at a distance from the inner surface (8a).
Patent EP-1051973-B1 (EP)
Inventor: HARA HIDEAKI
IPC: C07D295/096
Filed: 1999-01-21
Granted: 2004-07-14
Abstract: A novel drug for improving the circulation in the optic nerve head, which comprises as an active ingredient Lomerizine (I): <CHEM> or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt. The optic nerve head circulation improving drug of this invention can increase the blood flow in the optic nerve head with no or little systemic side effects such as hypotensive activity or heart rate increasing activity and is useful particularly for the treatment of normal tension glaucoma.
Patent EP-1105210-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ZIMMERMAN ROBERT J
IPC: B06B1/16
Filed: 1999-01-27
Granted: 2007-01-03
Abstract: A vibratory hammer for use in driving a work piece such as a pile, pipe, caisson or plate into the earth includes a support frame 10 adapted to be suspended from a crane or the like, and a vibrator assembly 12 that is suspended from the frame. The vibrator assembly includes at least one pair of laterally spaced, parallel rotary shafts 40 that are rotatable in opposite directions to one another, and a weight 46 is supported on each shaft. Each weight is shiftable radially relative to the corresponding shaft between a balanced position in which the center of mass of the weight is collinear with the longitudinal axis of the shaft, and an eccentric position in which the center of mass of the weight is offset radially from the longitudinal axis of the shaft. Preferably, a fluid-actuated piston-and-cylinder assembly 54 is supported between each weight and the corresponding shaft for selectively carrying out the shifting movement of the weights. However, other types of shifting mechanisms could also be employed.
Patent EP-1053225-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ALLEGRINI PIETRO
IPC: C07C323/58
Filed: 1999-01-18
Granted: 2004-08-04
Abstract: A process for the preparation of S-alkylcysteines of formula wherein R is a lower or branched C1-C4 alkyl group; by S-alkylation of cysteines with dialkylcarbonates.
Patent EP-0981743-B1 (EP)
Inventor: LEPPERHOFF GERHARD
IPC: G01N33/00
Filed: 1999-02-09
Granted: 2002-08-28
Abstract: An apparatus for a zero-point stabilization of an exhaust gas sensor installed in an apparatus for a thermal energy conversion of gaseous fuel while producing an exhaust gas stream, includes an arrangement for alternatingly exposing the exhaust gas sensor to a flow of exhaust gas and a flow of fresh air.
Patent EP-0988543-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GIBEAULT JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: G01N27/40
Filed: 1999-04-13
Granted: 2005-08-24
Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring one or more gas components in a fluid wherein eithera) a sample gas obtained from the fluid is enriched in at least one target gas which is to be subjected to analysis;b) at least one target gas which is to be subjected to analysis is separated from a sample gas obtained from the fluid; orc) both.
Patent EP-1019601-B1 (EP)
Inventor: MOTTURA SERGIO
IPC: E05B19/00
Filed: 1999-05-06
Granted: 2004-04-21
Abstract: A key for a cylinder lock has a substantially flattened and elongated body on which a ring (30) is arranged with its axis transverse to the longitudinal direction of the key and parallel to the general plane of the flattened body of the key. The ring is able to move with its axis relative to the body of the key <IMAGE>
Patent EP-1104349-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BREGER ALAIN CHARLES MARCEL JA
IPC: B41M3/14
Filed: 1999-07-09
Granted: 2002-09-25
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making safety labels which consists in producing a base deposit on the film (100), then in defining a label shape (101). It further consists in producing (102) a printed window preferably by photogravure with cells bordered by a stripe forming the window outline; printing (103) the printing window on the base deposit with a passivation coating, and developing the window (104) by a physico-chemical operation.
Patent EP-1105374-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BOCQUENET GERALD
IPC: C07D201/08
Filed: 1999-07-15
Granted: 2003-06-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating the water from an aqueous lactam solution.It applies more particularly to a mixture resulting from the reaction between an aminonitrile and water (this reaction also being called cyclizing hydrolysis).The subject of the invention is a process for separating the water from an aqueous lactam solution, which process is economical both from the standpoint of the investment necessary for its implementation and from the standpoint of the operating cost.
Patent EP-1123260-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CLARK SCOTT L
IPC: C03B23/023
Filed: 1999-07-15
Granted: 2008-04-23
Abstract: Glass sheet forming apparatus (12) and a glass sheet forming method utilize a mold (20) having a curved forming face (22) with holes (26) in which a vacuum is drawn to form a glass sheet. A vacuum distributor (48) of the apparatus distributes a vacuum impulse of at least 0.1 atmospheres of vacuum from a valved vacuum reservoir (52) through a plurality of tubes (58) to a limited number of the holes (26) to provide additional forming of the glass sheet. The vacuum impulse distributor (48) is located within a vacuum chamber of the mold (20) that draws the vacuum by a gas jet pump in the holes (26) to which the vacuum impulse is not distributed.
Patent EP-1109817-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BELMANT CHRISTIAN
IPC: A61K35/12
Filed: 1999-08-27
Granted: 2002-06-05
Abstract: The invention provides compounds comprising at least one phosphohalohydrin group of the formula: where X is a halogen selected from among I, Br, Cl, R1 is selected from among —CH3 and —CH2—CH3, Cat+ is an organic or inorganic cation, and n is an integer between 2 and 20, processes for the production thereof and uses theroef, in particular therapeutic uses and for activating primate Tγ9δ2 lymphocytes.
Patent EP-1030784-B1 (EP)
Inventor: RORKE THOMAS P
IPC: G03F7/004
Filed: 1999-09-21
Granted: 2003-11-19
Abstract: Provided is a lithographic printing plate comprising a support substrate having disposed thereon an ablative-absorbing layer and, optionally, a durable, ink-accepting surface layer that is not ablative-absorbing. The ablative-absorbing layer may contain a high weight percent of an organic sulfonic acid component. The printing plate may further comprise a hydrophilic polymeric layer interposed between the ablative-absorbing layer and the substrate. The printing plate also comprises a primer layer underlying the ablative-absorbing layer with an adhesion-promoting agent, such as a zirconium compound, present in the primer layer. Also provided are methods of preparing such lithographic printing plates, and methods of preparing imaged lithographic printing plates from such lithographic printing plates by imagewise exposure to a laser and a subsequent cleaning step with water or with a cleaning solution.
Patent EP-1133540-B1 (EP)
Inventor: SPERLING MICHAEL
IPC: C10M173/02
Filed: 1999-10-08
Granted: 2003-01-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a chain lubricant for conveyor and transport systems which is comprised of water, surfactants, disinfecting agents as well as conventional auxiliary agents and additives. According to the invention, an anionic surfactant is used as the surfactant and chlorine dioxide is used as the disinfecting agent.
Patent EP-1121573-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GASSMANN HELMUT
IPC: G01G19/04
Filed: 1999-10-20
Granted: 2003-08-13
Abstract: Continuous, uninterrupted rails for trains and the like having weight measuring sections. Weighing ties replace normal ties under the rails in the weight measuring sections. The weighing ties are of the same height, width, and external contour as the normal ties. The weighing ties include weighing cells that can be laterally adjusted to accommodate various rail gauges. The weighing ties include a housing made of steel plate with a floor, sides, and a top with an opening therein. The weighing cells protrude through the openings in the housings to support the rails in the weight measuring section. Transverse force sensors are also provided in transverse holes in both ends of the weight measuring sections of the rails to determine the power shunt. The weighing cells and transverse force sensors are prefabricated and calibrated to improve accuracy and durability of the weighing cells and force sensors.
Patent EP-1152227-B1 (EP)
Inventor: YAMADA MASASHI
IPC: B65D5/50
Filed: 1999-11-09
Granted: 2010-12-22
Abstract: L'invention concerne un récipient autoportant formé par pliage pratiquement en W d'une feuille de papier à mémoire de forme, et par assemblage de bords latéraux opposés de la surface intérieure de ladite feuille. Au moins une paroi latérale du récipient est pourvue d'une fenêtre transparente, et des graduations permettant de mesurer le contenu sont formées au niveau de ladite fenêtre ou dans une zone adjacente à cette dernière. Ces graduations permettent de mesurer facilement le contenu du récipient. Des moyens supplémentaires servant à mesurer de petites quantités et des éléments auxiliaires permettant une mesure précise sont également prévus.
Patent EP-1131033-B1 (EP)
Inventor: NEUMAN VILEM
IPC: A61G15/00
Filed: 1999-11-17
Granted: 2004-03-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a chair for patients used in gynaecological and urological examinations. The chair comprises a sitting surface (16) and a back rest. A bar-shaped support (22) for a leg holder (24) is located on each side of the sitting surface (16). Each support (22) has a transverse support (32) at its free end which is not linked to the seat. Each transverse support (22) protrudes in an essentially vertical manner from the bar-shaped support, has a length which equals at least half the width of a leg holder (24) and has a leg holder (24) which is held at its free end by means of a lock-type universal joint (34).
Patent EP-1124953-B1 (EP)
Inventor: MASTERNAK KRZYSZTOF
IPC: C07K16/18
Filed: 1999-10-22
Granted: 2008-11-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel trancription factor of MHC class II genes and its derivatives, inhibitors of this transcription factor capable of down-regulating the expression of MHC class II molecules and medical uses of these inhibitors.
Patent IE-87127-B1 (IE)
Title: A control panel device for a water service reservoir
Inventor: ROY DESMOND MCALONAN
IPC: E03B7/00
Filed: 2018-07-23
Abstract: The present invention relates a user control panel device for monitoring and control of a water service reservoir of the type comprising at least one water tank, an inlet for receiving water into the tank, an outlet through which water flows out of the tank, water level sensing means and flow control valve means, wherein the user control panel device is communicatively coupled to the flow control valve means and the water level sensing means and has programmable logic controller (PLC) means operable to provide a plurality of user settable operating modes according to which control signals are transmitted from the programmable logic controller (PLC) means to the flow control valve means to control the flow of water into the tank. Also provided is a monitoring and control system for a water service reservoir comprising such a user control panel device. <Figure 1>
Patent IT-1309531-B1 (IT)
Inventor: RAGAINI STEFANO
IPC: F28F21/08
Filed: 1999-07-06
Granted: 2002-01-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a die-cast aluminium modular radiant element for thermosiphon heating systems, whose four hubs have an internal ending section with diameter higher than the threaded opening of the hub.  <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1267567-B1 (IT)
Title: Sistema automatico per l'assiemaggio giogo cinescopio.
Inventor: MAIOZZI ENRICO
IPC: H01J/
Filed: 1993-03-16
Granted: 1997-02-05
Abstract: IL SISTEMA AUTOMATICO PER L'ASSIEMAGGIO GIOGO CINESCOPIO E' UN EQUIPAGGIAMENTO ELETTRONICO CHE, MONTATO SU UNA MACCHINA PER LA MOVIMENTAZIONE DEL GIOGO, ESEGUE AUTOMATICAMENTE IL CORRETTO ASSEMBLAGGIO DEL CANNONE ELETTRONICO SUL CINESCOPIO.
Patent IT-1275752-B1 (IT)
Title: Device for illuminating a linear zone for systems of detection of surface defects
Inventor: DE NICOLAIS MARIO
IPC: G01B/
Filed: 1995-06-13
Granted: 1997-10-17
Abstract: A device 10 for controlled illumination comprises light sources 15 and optical assemblies 11, 12 for projecting a blade of light and illuminating a linear zone of a surface, especially in a layout for detecting defects present on the surface. Along the course of the light from the sources is present a first section 11 which comprises a first holographic lens 16 with ratio of diffusion in the direction longitudinal to the blade of light and in direction transverse to the blade of light not less than 5:1 and, in particular, greater than 10:1, and a second holographic lens 18 with substantially circular diffusion not greater than 5' and in particular around 1'. This means that the light rays impinging on said linear zone are essentially parallel to each other and have elevated uniformity of luminous intensity in the linear zone. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1301740-B1 (IT)
Title: Motor vehicle radiator fan
Inventor: BOFFELLI PIERCARLO
IPC: B60K/
Filed: 1998-06-17
Granted: 2000-07-07
Abstract: A central body (11) holds radially mounted blades (12) to direct the flow of air from the outside towards the radiator. The end of each blade inside the body consists of a pivot pin (31) with cylindrical toothing (31a) and is mounted on the body by bearings (31b) so that each blade can rotate about its longitudinal axis. Each gearing is coupled to an actuator consisting of a rectilinear rack (41a) with a tube (41) mounted on a shaft (21a) with which it rotates. The actuators are driven by a motor (43) through a disc (42).
Patent IT-1268946-B1 (IT)
Inventor: MAZZONETTO ANDREA
IPC: B23K9/025
Filed: 1994-02-18
Granted: 1997-03-18
Abstract: Tube made of zinc or alloys thereof for sheet metal working. The tube is derived from a curved plate (10) and its edges (11, 12) are butt-welded with a continuous weld (15) by melting them without additional material. The invention also relates to the process for manufacturing tubes made of zinc or alloys thereof for sheet metal working that consists in shaping the tube by continuous forming of a basic rolled part (10), arranging the edges (11, 12) thereof side by side and pressing them perfectly end to end against each other, and in then locally continuously melting the edges in a controlled atmosphere, with fume control and so that immediate oxidation of the material after melting does not occur, with a TIG beam producing controlled and localized heat energy. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1277885-B1 (IT)
Title: Prefabrication system for modular residential and industrial buildings - provides timber structure CAD generated to produce complete structural modular elements design and factory manufacture for site erection
Inventor: PAGANO ENZO
IPC: F16B/
Filed: 1995-07-28
Granted: 1997-11-12
Abstract: Architectural and functional structural requirements for a proposed building are transferred to CAD computer to provide a design of the layout and detail of the individual modular construction elements comprising the completed building. The design data so produced is input into an automated production system for manufacture. An exemplary wall unit has an upper beam (201) and lower beam (202), each comprising a pair of members (203,204 and 205,206) spaced apart to provide service ducting and outlets (211). Between the upper and lower beams, standards (207), windows (208), insulated wall panels (209), and partition wall supports (210) provide a rigid wall element when assembled. All the structural elements are made from lamellar wood. All the plugging elements are sandwich panels having plugging structural function, thermal and acoustic insulation and preparation for passage of plants.
Patent IT-1267445-B1 (IT)
Title: System for building brick walls of any type and the relevant means for producing it
Inventor: VAULA MARINELLA
IPC: E04C/
Filed: 1994-09-09
Granted: 1997-02-05
Abstract: System for building brick walls, consisting of a number of modular, linear 10, 20 and angular 30, 40 blocks, forming parallelepipeds each composed of staggered parallelepiped parts parallel to each other so as to create male and female joints on the respective sides, the said joints having U-shaped spaces 14, 15 on at least two sides of each part, that can accept other modular blocks with similar projecting joints 16, 17, and so on until the wall or other construction it is desired to build is completed. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1295440-B1 (IT)
Inventor: SALIS GIORGIO
IPC: E02B3/06
Filed: 1997-09-26
Granted: 1999-05-12
Abstract: Floating wharf or pier for boat or ship mooring, comprising a body (1) having a cell-like hollow structure defining floatation chambers whose volume is accessible from outside and defines corresponding storage compartments (2). Admittance into each storage compartment (2) is provided by a respective upper hatch (7) and an inner ladder (8) <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1304954-B1 (IT)
Inventor: ZAMPERINI ENNIO
IPC: E02D31/00
Filed: 1997-06-18
Granted: 2001-04-05
Abstract: The present invention concerns a manufactured article impervious to water, the water being rain water, water coming from a water-bearing stratum, and/or from concrete. The manufactured article of the invention may be used in building of habitations, factories, tunnels, and/or submarine structures and the like, the article comprising a leakproofing material. The manufactured article further includes a coating constituted by a film made of a material, the water-solubility of which is kept under control, the film delaying the leakproofing material hydration process for a predetermined period of time from between 1 and 30 days.
Patent JP-2965963-B1 (JP)
Title: 耐酸化性部材
IPC: B64G1/52
Filed: 1998-06-16
Granted: 1999-10-18
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  基材に充分な耐酸化特性を持たせることがで きる耐酸化性部材を提供すること。
【解決手段】  基材４と、基材４の表面に設けられた熱 応力緩和層６と、熱応力緩和層６の表面に設けられた耐 熱耐酸化性保護層８と、耐熱耐酸化性保護層８の表面に 設けられた耐酸化性保護層１０とを備える耐酸化性部 材。耐酸化保護層層１０は、ウィスカーが添加された酸 化珪素から形成されている。このように酸化珪素にウィ スカーを添加することによって高温域における流動性を 抑制することができ、これによって充分な耐酸化性特性 を得ることができる。
Patent JP-2979310-B1 (JP)
Title: ライナー付容器キャップの製造方法及びライナー付容器キャップ
IPC: B29C45/16
Filed: 1998-06-26
Granted: 1999-11-15
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  密封シール性が保たれ、実使用時の開封性が 容易で、かつライナー部からの溶出物の溶出問題等も解 消できて衛生性にも優れたライナー付容器キャップ及び その製造方法を提供する。
【解決手段】  プラスチック製の容器キャップ１を成形 し、この容器キャップ１の天壁３の内面側にライナー５ を射出成形するに際し、先ず、前記天壁３の内面側にＪ ＩＳ−Ａ硬度（ＪＩＳＫ６３０１）３５〜７５のスチレ ン系熱可塑性エラストマーを射出し、次いで、その射出 したスチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーが溶融軟化状態に あるうちに圧縮プレスしてライナー部５を成形する。ラ イナー部５の肉厚は１．０mm〜５．０mmとする。
Patent JP-3029107-B1 (JP)
Title: フィルタ洗浄方法と洗浄装置
IPC: B01D41/04
Filed: 1999-07-09
Granted: 2000-04-04
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  フィルタの汚れ度合いに応じて洗浄方法を選 択して効率良く洗浄するようなフィルタ洗浄システムが ない。
【解決手段】  洗浄するフィルタＦのフィルタメディア 汚れを判断し、汚れの多いフィルタＦは下地処理を施し てから洗浄し、汚れの少ないフィルタＦは下地処理を施 さずに洗浄し、洗浄によって減少したフィルタメディア の厚みを再生してから再利用することにより、汚れ度合 いに応じた洗浄効果と、汚れに応じた洗浄時間で洗浄す る。
Patent JP-2998839-B1 (JP)
Title: データ通信方法、データ中継装置及び記録媒体
IPC: H04L45/74
Filed: 1998-10-08
Granted: 2000-01-17
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  相手側との間の直接的なデータ通信が制限さ れる環境下においてもリアルタイム通信を行うことがで きるデータ通信システムを構築する。
【解決手段】  ファイアウォール等の所定形式の通信デ ータのみの透過を許容するセキュリティサーバ２０，３ ０の配下にあるクライアント２０ａ〜２０ｎと、セキュ リティサーバ３０の配下にあるクライアント３０ａ〜３ ０ｎとの間に、クライアント間の通信データを中継する リレーサーバ１０を設ける。このリレーサーバ１０は、 クライアント２０ａからの通信データを通信相手先のク ライアント３０ａを配下にもつセキュリティサーバ３０ が透過を許容するデータ形態に擬似的に交換し、これを クライアント３０ａ宛に送信する。
Patent JP-2972768-B1 (JP)
Title: 出力保護装置及び出力保護方法
IPC: H03K19/177
Filed: 1998-11-11
Granted: 1999-11-08
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  本発明は、制御装置内の各々の機能を有した ボードにＦＰＧＡを利用してこのボードからデータ等の 信号を出力する場合に、ＦＰＧＡの起動時や障害が発生 した時にその出力信号を制御するようにする。
【解決手段】  ＦＰＧＡ２内にコンフィグレーションさ れた回路で構成される監視対象手段４と、ＦＰＧＡ２が 正常にコンフィグレーションされて動作しているか否か を、監視対象手段４が生成する信号に基づいて監視する 監視手段５と、監視結果に基づいてＦＰＧＡ２からの出 力を外部に伝達するか否かを選択するゲート手段３を有 する。
Patent NO-323128-B1 (NO)
Inventor: CORMIER MICHAEL J
IPC: A61H/
Filed: 2002-06-07
Abstract: An expandable skin stretching device includes skin engaging opposite ends that contact the skin surface on opposite sides of an area of the skin surface having micropathways therein. When the skin stretching device is expanded the skin between the opposite ends is placed under tension, i.e., stretched. The skin is placed under a tension of about 0.01 to about 10 megapascals, preferably about 0.05 to about 2 megapascals. The skin stretching can be unidirectional or multi-directional. Alternative embodiments of skin stretching devices use suction or normal force to stretch the skin. Stretching the skin helps keep the micropathways open for enhanced agent (e.g., drug) delivery through the micropathways. The stretching also delays micropathway closure.