Patent GB-981565-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
IPC: G21C7/16
Filed: 1962-02-26
Abstract: 981, 565. Controlling nuclear reactors. BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. Feb. 26, 1962 [Feb. 28, 1961], No. 7371/62. Heading G6C. A nuclear reactor controlled by the addition or removal of neutron absorbent material to or from the core includes conduit means extending from outside into the core and containing neutron absorbent material freely movable along the conduit means under the influence of fluid flowing therethrough, control means being arranged to vary the flow of fluid between a condition in which the neutron absorbent material is moved to a position of maximum insertion into the core under the influence of a fluid flow towards the core through at least that part of the conduit means extending outwardly beyond the outermost extent of said material when in said positions of maximum insertion, and a condition in which said material is moved to a position of maximum withdrawal from the core under the influence of a fluid flow away from the core through at least that part of the conduit means extending inwardly beyond the innermost extent of said material when in said position of maximum withdrawal shown in Fig. 1, a nuclear reactor 10 has a core 12 containing fuel element assemblies 14, pressurised coolant fluid entering the reactor through an inlet 16 and leaving through an outlet 18. Within the reactor there are a number of vertical elongated conduits 20 of uniform cross-section, each having a lower section 22 disposed within the core 12, either within or between the fuel element assemblies 14, and an upper section 24 of slightly greater length than the lower section 22. Each conduit contains a number of balls 26 of uniform size of slightly smaller diameter than the bore of the conduit so as to be freely movable within it, a suitable ball 26 being one made of 1¢% by weight boron in stainless steel. A distributing valve 34 is situated at the top of each conduit 20 and the balls 26 are moved into the upper sections 24 by the coolant fluid flowing up the conduits 20 when the valves 34 are open to the reactor tank through outlets 38. In order to move the balls 26 down into the lower sections 22, the outlets 38 are closed and coolant fluid from a drum 40 is forced down the conduits 20 by means of a pump 47, distribution header 45 and inlets 36 to the valves 34. The reactivity is controlled by varying the number of conduits which have the balls 26 in the upper sections 24. If there is a failure of the coolant flow through inlet 16, the balls 26 fall under gravity into the lower sections 22 thereby tending to shut the reactor down. In an alternative embodiment, a separate source of pressurised fluid, other than the reactor coolant, for example nitrogen, is used to move the balls 26 through the conduits 20. By providing means to regulate the pressure drop across the conduits, it may be arranged that upward flow of fluid will either move the balls into the upper sections or merely flow over and cool the balls in the lower sections and advantageously, in such an arrangement the institution of downward flow of fluid may be reserved for scram shut down conditions. A multiport distributing valve, as shown in Fig. 5, may be used in place of a group of the distributing valves 34. It has an upper chamber 270 connected to a source of high pressure fluid and a lower chamber 272 open to the interior of the reactor pressure vessel, a partition 274 movable by means of a drive shaft 286 and motor 284 separating the two chambers The conduits 220 are connected by tubes 280 to locations on the valve spaced in the direction of movement of partition 274, the position of which thus determines which conduits have the balls in the upper section and which in the lower section. Bodies of shapes other than spherical e.g. cylindrical, may be used in place of the balls, or the columns of balls may be replaced by rods. Specification 913,653 is referred to.