baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-711210-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of steroids having a semi-cyclic double bond
IPC: C07J5/00
Filed: 1950-07-26
Abstract: The invention comprises D 17-21-aralkylidenepregnenes, and the manufacture thereof and of other steroids with semicyclic double bond by splitting out water, directly or indirectly, with formation of a double bond, from a secondary pregnane-20-ol containing a hydrogen atom in 17-position and an alkylidene or aralkylidene group in 21-position, followed, if desired, by esterification of any hydroxy group in the product, or hydrolysis of any esterified hydroxy group in the product, and, if the hydrolysis product contains a secondary hydroxy group, oxidation of this, if desired, to a keto group.  The starting materials may be further substituted, e.g. in the 7- and 11- and especially the 3-and 12-positions, e.g. by keto groups or free or functionally converted hydroxy groups or halogen atoms, and may contain double bonds in the 4-, 5-, 9- or 11-position; they may be prepared by reduction of the keto group of corresponding derivatives of pregnane-20-ones.  Direct splitting out of water may be effected by the action of dehydrating agents, e.g. concentrated acids or their anhydrides, such as hydrohalic acids or phosphorus pentoxide, inorganic salts, such as zinc chloride or potassium bisulphate, catalytically active agents, such as iodine, or especially lower fatty acids (whereby a hydroxy group in 3-position may be simultaneously esterified).  Indirect splitting out of water may be effected by replacement of the secondary 20-hydroxy group by an ester (e.g. halide or xanthate) or ether residue, followed by thermal decomposition or treatment with agents splitting off acids or alcohols.  In examples: (1) 3a  : 12a  : 20 - trihydroxy - 21 - benzylidenepregnane is refluxed with glacial acetic acid to-produce D 17 - 3a  - acetoxy - 12a  - hydroxy - 21 - benzylidenepregnene, and the 12a -hydroxy group is then esterified with p-toluenesulphochloride or acetic anhydride, in the presence of pyridine; the acetic acid may be replaced by formic or propionic acid; (2) D 5-3b  : 20-di-hydroxy - 21 - benzylidenepregnene is refluxed with glacial acetic acid to form D 5 : 17-3b -acetoxy-21-benzylidenepregnadiene, which is then hydrolysed and the product oxidized with aluminium isopropylate and cyclohexanone in toluene to D 4 : 17 - 3 - keto - 21 - benzylidenepregnadiene; the acetic acid may be replaced by formic or oxalic acid.  3a  : 12a  : 20 - Trihydroxy - 21 - benzylidene-pregnane is prepared by slow distillation of 3a  : 12a  - diacetoxy - 20 - keto - 21 - benzylidene-pregnane with aluminium isopropylate and isopropanol.  D 5 - 3b  : 20 - Dihydroxy - 21 - benzylidene-pregnene is prepared similarly from D 5-3b -hydroxy-20-keto-21-benzylidenepregnene.
Patent GB-715481-A (GB)
Title: Purification of pimelic acid
Inventor: LONG DENNIS JAMES GEORGE
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1951-08-09
Abstract: Crude pimelic acid, prepared by the treatment of delta3-tetrahydrobenzoic acid, or of those compounds which are capable of yielding salts of delta3-tetrahydrobenzoic acid on treatment with alkali metal hydroxides, with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of water at a temperature in the range 250-400 DEG  C., is purified by a process which comprises the steps of acidifying the reaction product containing a salt of pimelic acid with an acid stronger than pimelic acid, subjecting the resultant crude pimelic acid to a distillation process to remove at least part of the impurities having a boiling point lower than that of pimelic acid, taking up the distillation residue in hot water and dissolving the pimelic acid, allowing the mixture to separate into an aqueous phase and an oily phase, separting off the aqueous phase and recovering pimelic acid therefrom.  The acidified aqueous reaction product may be subjected to the distillation process or may be allowed to stand to permit crude pimelic acid to precipitate, when the precipitated crude pimelic acid is separated and subjected to the distillation process.  Chemical equivalents of delta3-tetrahydrobenzoic acid mentioned include esters of delta3-tetrahydrobenzoic acid, e.g. delta3-tetrahydrobenzyl - delta3 - tetrahydrobenzoate, delta3-tetrahydrobenzonitrile and delta3-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde.  A mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid is preferably employed in acidifying the alkaline reaction product.  The distillation process is preferably a steam distillation.  The aqueous phase obtained on distillation is suitably decanted while hot and after allowing it to cool to allow the pimelic acid to crystallize the mother liquor is separated and either subjected to solvent extraction for recovery of residual pimelic acid or partly or wholly returned to the distillation process.  In examples: sodium delta3-tetrahydrobenzoate is heated in aqueous solution with caustic soda in an autoclave, the product is cooled, an oil is separated and the remaining aqueous solution is acidified with hydrochloric acid and steam distilled, partly solidified black oil is separated from the hot aqueous solution which is then allowed to cool when pimelic acid crystallizes out and further pimelic acid is extracted from the mother liquor with either (1) and (2); in a similar process the aqueous alkaline reaction product is extracted with ether before acidification (3); an aqueous solution of potassium delta3-tetrahydrobenzoate containing caustic potash is subjected to a process similar to that described in the first example (4); and the procedure of the preceding examples is repeated but acidification is carried out with sulphuric, phosphoric or nitric acids. Specifications 679,854, 710,002 and 713,639 are referred to.
Patent GB-416164-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with sheet metal furniture
IPC: A47B13/08
Filed: 1933-07-03
Abstract: 416,164. Table and desk tops &c. JARDINE, R., Roneo Works, Romford, Essex, and RONEO, Ltd., 17, Southampton Row, London. July 3, 1933, No. 18754. [Classes 52 (i) and 52 (iii).] Edging or binding for table and desk tops and other parts of sheet-metal furniture consists of corner pieces and straight parts made in sections, the straight parts 4 having one or more grooves 4<a> for engaging tongues 3. The corner pieces 5 are secured by bolts. The parts are preferably made of the material known under the Registered Trade Mark " Bakelite."
Patent GB-879127-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to pneumatic instruments for linear measurement
IPC: G01B13/02
Filed: 1958-06-12
Abstract: 879,127. Pneumatic gauging apparatus. DEUTSCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZA BERLIN. June 12, 1958 [March 26, 1958], No. 18828/58. Class 106 (2). A pneumatic linear-dimension gauge has a main nozzle 1 and a measuring nozzle 11 and the cross-section of the main nozzle 1 is automatically varied by means 2 operated by two pistons 3, 4 so that the pressure drops in the two nozzles remain constant and the pressures before the nozzles are in inverse ratio to the cross-sectional areas of the pistons, the displacement of the pistons 3, 4 being used as an indication of the required dimension. Air at a constant pressure is supplied at 10 and passes through the main nozzle 1, controlled by a needle valve 2, to the measuring nozzle 11 in front of which the workpiece is placed. The pistons 3, 4 are of different diameters and are connected to the needle 2, and the space 7 above the larger piston 4 is connected to the space 8 between the two nozzles. Thus the ratio of the pressures in the chambers 6, 8 is maintained constant at the desired value. If the nozzle 11 is decreased in size due to a change in the workpiece, the pressure in the chamber 8 increases and acts on the piston 4, thus closing the nozzle 1 until the original conditions are restored. The movement of the valve 2 is indicated on the scale 9 as a measure of the workpiece size. This movement may be used for control purposes. To reduce frictional influences, the guides of the pistons may be constructed as flow bearings, lubricated by air.
Patent GB-757393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to locking devices for nuts
Inventor: BARLOW BENJAMIN WILLIAM
IPC: F16B39/10
Filed: 1953-07-07
Abstract: 757,393. Locking nuts. NAPIER & SON, Ltd., D. July 2, 1954 [July 7, 1953], No. 18868/53. Class 89 (1). A locking-washer comprises a thick annular body 7 interposed between a nut 1 and member 3 to be fixed to a threaded-member 2, and is provided on its inner periphery with one or more ribs 8 for engagement with one or more corresponding grooves 6 in member 2, and on its outer periphery with a radially-projecting annular flange 9 about 1/ 5  the thickness of the body. The flange is deformed, after the nut is tightened, to engage one or more flats or recesses 4 in the nut periphery.
Patent GB-803364-A (GB)
Title: Method of preparing mixtures of pseudo-irones
Filed: 1955-06-30
Abstract: Mixtures of cis- and trans-pseudo-irones are prepared by heating a mixture of dehydro-3-methyl-linalool and at least 3 molar proportions of an acetoacetic ester of an alcohol, which alcohol is volatile under the reaction conditions, at a temperature at which simultaneous alcoholysis of this ester and intramolecular rearrangement accompanied by decarboxylation of the ester obtained on alcoholysis occur, and thereafter distilling off the pseudo-irones.  Methyl and ethyl aceto-acetates are specified reagents and the reaction temperature is preferably 160-180 DEG  C.  The resulting mixture of pseudo-irones may be cyclized to the a -irones.  In examples: (1) a mixture of dehydro-3-methyl-linalool and 3 mols. of ethyl acetoacetate is maintained at 160 DEG  C. until evolution of CO2 and ethanol has practically ceased and the residue is fractionated under reduced pressure to recover a mixture of cis- and trans-pseudo-irones which is cyclized with BF3 as described in Specification 666,881 to yield the isomeric a -irones, a portion thereof then being hydrogenated to give the dihydro-a -irones; (2) the method of (1) is repeated using, however, a reaction temperature of 180 DEG  C. and phosphoric acid as cyclization catalyst.  Specifications 646,962, 733,884, 741,047, 762,656 and U.S.A.  Specifications 2,167,168 and 2,589,275 also are referred to.
Patent GB-880983-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to drilling by electro-erosion
Inventor: HOLROYD IRVIN
IPC: B23H9/14
Filed: 1959-06-03
Abstract: 880,983. Cutting by spark discharge. ROLLSROYCE Ltd. March 30, 1960 [June 3, 1959], No. 19050/59. Class 83 (4). In electro-erosion apparatus in which the electrode is supplied with pulsating direct current and the electrode or the work is vibrated, the vibrations are so synchronized with the pulsating direct current that the spark gap is shortest when the pulsating current is at a peak. A bracket 18 carrying a gas-turbine blade 17 is rotated by an air motor 19 and is mounted on a slide 12. A resiliently mounted holder 35 supports an electrode in the form of a copper or brass drill 21 having an axial passage through which is forced an electrolyte such as an aqueous solution of sodium silicate. Alternating current is fed through a full-wave rectifier 34 to the drill 21 and through a phasechange circuit 37 to a non-polarized electromagnet 30 vibrating the drill 21. In a modification the armature 27 is below the electromagnet coil 30 and the phase-change circuit is dispensed with. Specification 868,684 is referred to.
Patent GB-648429-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to riveting tools
IPC: B21J15/04
Filed: 1948-07-16
Abstract: 648,429. Blind riveting. BRITISH UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO., Ltd., COOPER, B. P., and HENSHAW, J. N. June 16, 1948, No. 19098. [Class 43] In a manually-operated blind-riveting tool wherein a rivet is set on actuation of a lazy tongs device by means of a member, such as a push-knob, said member is prevented from swinging relative to the device. The tool may be adapted to receive mandrels of different diameters by applying thereto different nose pieces which separate the mandrel-engaging jaws by varying amounts according to the size of the mandrel to be used. In many respects the tool resembles that described in Specification 348,818. The lower end of the push knob 23 of the lazy tongs device is forked to straddle the uppermost levers 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, and is pivoted together with said levers on a pin 20, slidable in the stem part 63 of an inverted T-shaped slot 61 in a controlling member 59; the cross-bar part 65 of the slot receives pins 67, 67<SP>1</SP>, which are fixed to the levers 21, 21<SP>1</SP>, and are equally spaced from the pin 20, and a pin 69 extending upwardly from the member 59 is slidable in a bore 71 in the knob 23. The knob is thus restrained from swinging relative to the lazy tongs. The lower levers 15, 15<SP>1</SP>, pivoted at 13, 13' to the casing 11, are extended at 25, 25' to carry rolls 27, 27<SP>1</SP>, which engage in slots 29, 29<SP>1</SP> in a head 31 secured to a cylindrical sleeve 33 slidable in the casing. The lower end of the sleeve 33 has opposed, inclined, part-cylindrical bearing surfaces 35, the angle of inclination to the axis of the sleeve being the same for both surfaces; opposed bearing surfaces 37 of two jaws 39 are complementary to and slidable on the surfaces 35, so that the mandrel-gripping surfaces 41 of the jaws extend in the direction of the axis of the sleeve 33 for all positions of the jaws and will thus grip a mandrel along their whole length. The initial position of the knob 23 is determined by the engagement of the head 31 with stop surfaces 43 of the casing 11, and the initial separation of the jaws 39 is controlled by one of several interchangeable nose pieces 45, each having a cylindrical bore 47 which is coaxial with the sleeve 33 and corresponds in diameter to the size of the mandrel to be used. The nose piece, the lower end of which forms an abutment for holding a rivet up to the work, screws into an end cap 49 of the casing 11, its cam-shaped upper end 51 and the cam-shaped lower end 53 of a member 55, slidable in the sleeve 33 and urged downwards by a spring 57, engaging part-conical surfaces at the base and upper end respectively of the jaws 39 and thus holding them the required distance apart. To change to mandrels having smaller diameters than those first used, a nose piece having a smaller bore and not extending so far into the tool is used, so that the jaws are pressed further down and hence closer together by the spring 57, but still remain in the same angular relationship. Specification 504,928 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1425683-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of crystallization-resistant disproportionated rosin
IPC: C09F1/04
Filed: 1974-05-01
Abstract: 1425683 Disproportionating rosin ARIZONA CHEMICAL CO 1 May 1974 [21 May 1973] 19166/74 Heading C3R Crystallization-resistant disporportionated rosin is obtained from a rosin containing up to 1% by weight of 9,10-secodehydroabietic acid, by heating the rosin at 250‹ to 275‹ C, in the presence of 0À3% to 1%, by weight of the rosin, of a phenol sulphide catalyst until the 9,10- secodehydroabietic acid content is increased to within the range of 5 to 10% by weight of the rosin. The catalysts are bis-(2-hydroxy-1- naphthyl) sulphide, bis - (2 - hydroxy - 1- naphteyl) - disulphide and 1-thio - 2 - naphthol. Examples are given.
Patent GB-815689-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tuned cavity resonators
IPC: H01J25/24
Filed: 1957-06-18
Abstract: 815,689. Cavity resonators. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. June 18, 1957 [June 19, 1956], No. 19170/57. Class 40 (8). A high-frequency cavity resonator is partially filled with gyromagnetic material which is magnetically polarized in two perpendicular directions. A cavity 10, Fig. 1, is formed of a rectangular wave-guide 12 terminated by conducting plates 24, 25, and contains a block 15 of nickel-zinc or other ferrite of the same vertical cross-section as the cavity which may be excited in the TE101 mode. Element 15 is magnetically polarized by a magnetic field, the tuning field, parallel to the narrow walls of the cavity and perpendicular to the magnetic flux loops in the excited cavity, across the polepieces 17, 18 of a magnetic core 16 energized by windings 19 connected to battery 21 via a variable rheostat 20. A compensating field is supplied perpendicular to the tuning field by permanently magnetized members 22, 23 of uniaxially orientated barium oxide ferrite, or by a solenoid (not shown), so that the electron spin axes in the element 15 can no longer align themseves perpendicular to the flux loops when the tuning field goes to zero, and the effective permeability of the element 15 is increased, as therefore is the tuning range of the cavity. The cavity 10 is coupled to a utilizing device 14 by an aperture 11 in the plate 25. The cavity may be of circular crosssection with a gyromagnetic member of annular or disc form (Figs. 3 and 4, not shown). If the T.E.M. mode is excited a coaxial line 60 (Fig. 5) terminated at both ends, may be employed. A field Ht is supplied across the concentric polepieces 69, 70 and the disc 65 is formed of alternate sectors of gyromagnetic and permanent magnetic material to provide the compensating field. Specification 733,486 is referred to.
Patent GB-797807-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to an air cleaner
Inventor: NUTTING ARTHUR
IPC: F24F13/28
Filed: 1955-07-04
Abstract: 797,807. Air filters. AMERICAN AIR FILTER CO., Inc. July 4, 1955, No. 19309/55. Class 8(2). Air filter medium is transported from a supply roll 30, Fig. 8, across a lint-laden air inlet opening of an open-ended casing 1, 2, 3, Fig. 4, to a rewind coil 45 by means of a power driven porous endless belt 15 against which the medium is pressed by the pressure of ingoing air and which is in frictional drive engagement with the rewind coil 45. The latter is carried at the lower end of spring-biased arms 47. The medium comprises a single layer of matted cellulosic paper, the opening in which having equivalent diameters falling within a range extending between 10 and 1500 microns. Specification 797,808 is referred to.
Patent GB-902379-A (GB)
Title: Method for waxing containers of paper, cardboard or the like and an arrangement for realizing this method
IPC: B65D3/22
Filed: 1960-06-01
Abstract: 902,379. Impregnating paper &c. containers with wax. MASCHINENFABRIK RISSEN G.m.b.H. June 1, 1960 [June 3, 1959; March 14, 1960], No. 19317/60. Class 140. Paper cups and other paper or cardboard containers are impregnated with molten paraffin wax by applying no more, preferably less, wax than is required for complete impregnation, under conditions which permit only partial impregnation, and subsequently heating to secure absorption of the wax remaining on the impregnated surface. As shown, a cup 1 supported on a travelling belt or table 2 is brought over a travelling mandrel 3 which during its cycle is inverted into molten wax 8 as Ehown at 3a. The mandrel is raised into contact with the cup for the time (usually a fraction of a second) required to apply the desired amount of wax without full impregnation, and is rotated through 25-30 degrees during this time. The mandrel may be plain for thin paper articles or may have a felt mantle 4, preferably with a projecting rim 5 which applies additional wax, to the triplelayered base la. The cup is subsequently carried through a heating and then a quenching chamber. Similar apparatus may be used to apply wax to the outside of the cup. Alternatively, wax may be applied by spraying for a controlled short interval. The subsequent heat treatment may be effected by use of a heated mandrel, applied to the waxed surface of the container, the holder engaging the opposite surface being cooled as by compressed air or water. During impregnation the wax may be maintained just above its melting-point and the container just below that temperature.
Patent GB-729051-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to chucks for machine tools
IPC: B23B31/20
Filed: 1952-07-31
Abstract: 729,051. Chucks. CLEA VER, A. Oct. 29, 1953 [July 31, 1952], No. 19337/52 Class 83 (3). A chuck comprises a tapered collet 5 closed by a screw cap 8 to grip a parallel shank tool 9, and a tapered pin 14 which passes througt the chuck body 4 and the collet to engage a recess 13 in the tool-shank.
Patent GB-295567-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in machines for moulding pie casings or the like
IPC: A21C3/00
Filed: 1927-05-25
Abstract: 295,567. Christiansen, E., and Ericsson, C. O. May 25, 1927. Divided on 296,116. Pie-moulding machines; coating apparatus with powdered materials.- In pie-moulding machines wherein the pie casing is shaped within a mould by a roller, the mould is automatically sprinkled with flour to prevent adhesion. As shown, the moulding-roller 1, supported upon ball bearings 5 upon a spindle 2, carries a receptacle 4 from which flour is delivered against the sides of the roller through apertures 10 by a stationary brush 9. The brush is carried by a collar 7 secured to the spindle. 2 and furnished with a lever 8 whereby the spindte may be screwed into a plunger 3. A felt washer 6 prevents entrance of flour into the bearing 5. The members 1, 2, 4 are formed as an interchangeable unit.
Patent GB-372152-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to indirectly heated cathodes for electric discharge tubes
IPC: H01J1/22
Filed: 1931-07-06
Abstract: 372,152. Thermionic cathodes. ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRICIT€TS-GES., 2, Friedrich Karl-Ufer, Berlin. July 6, 1931, No. 19408. Convention date, July 4, 1930. [Class 39 (i).] The heating member of an indirectly - heated cathode consists of a metallic film, which may be deposited by heating a solution of a salt of precious metal applied to a carrier member. To increase its resistance the film may be shaped as a helix. As shown, a helical coating 2 is applied to the interior of a porcelain tube 1 which carries a layer of nickel 5 and a coating 6 of electron-emitting material. The layer 5 may be omitted.
Patent GB-1512234-A (GB)
Title: Ethers
IPC: C07C323/20
Filed: 1975-05-08
Abstract: 1512234 Substituted aryloxy alkoxy diphenylethers and their pesticidal compositions CIBAGEIGY AG 8 May 1975 [9 May 1974 26 March 1975] 19448/75 Heading C2C The invention comprises diphenyl ethers of Formula I in which n represents 0, 1 or 2; R 1  represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, a C 1-4  alkyl, C 1  or C 2  alkoxy, C 3  or C 4  alkenyloxy, C 3-5  alkynyloxy, C 1-3  alkylcarbamyl, formyl, C 1-5  alkoxycarbonyl, C 1  or C 2  alkylthio or haloalkyl group; R 2  represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom or a C 1-3  alkyl or C 1  or C 2  alkoxy group or R 1  and R 2  together represent a 3,4-methylene dioxy group; R 3  represents H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5  or a phenyl group and R 4  represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group which may be prepared by reacting together: (a) compounds of Formula II and III in the presence of an acid binding agent; (b) compounds of Formulae IV and V in the presence of an acid binding agent; (c) compounds of Formulae VI and VII in the presence of an N,N<SP>1</SP> - disubstituted carbodiimide or (d) compounds of Formulae VIII and IX in the presence of an N,N<SP>1</SP>- disubstituted carbodiimide, in which reactions above X is a halogen, alkylOSO 2 - or arylOSO 2 - and M is a metal of the 1st or 2nd main group of the Periodic system. Pesticidal compositions comprise as active ingredient, a compound as defined above together with a solid extender, a solid extender and a surface active agent, or with a liquid diluent and a surface active agent.