Patent GB-760889-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in process and apparatus for the continuous production of synthetic thread
IPC: D01D10/04
Filed: 1954-11-01
Abstract: <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/1> <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/2> <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/3> <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/4> Artificial threads of uniform characteristics are continuously produced by wet-spinning a number of multi-filament threads, associating the threads into a co-planar band, passing the band through a series of treating baths near the surface of the liquid, the baths including a plurality of dams to impart a turbulent motion to the liquid, which flows in countercurrent, individually separating the threads, and finally individually drying and winding each thread under a speed and tension which is uniform for all the threads.  Uniformity in the threads is ensured by arranging that all the draw-off godets are gear-driven from a common driving-shaft to ensure uniformity of speed; similarly with all the stretching rollers, with all the thread-advancing and drying rollers, and with all the winding mechanisms.  The invention is described with reference to viscose but is applicable to other wet-spinning processes.  Fig. 2 shows one of the series of spinning heads, each of which comprises a candle filter 14 through which viscose solution passes to the upwardly-facing spinneret 20 immersed in coagulating bath 18 containing sulphuric acid, sodium sulphate and zinc sulphate. The filaments are drawn off by godet 22 and then pass down through hot water tank 24 and up to godet 26 which rotates faster <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/5> than godet 22 to stretch the filaments.  The resulting thread from each spinneret is then led on to the spinning deck 30, where the threads are guided through a series of comb guides 38, of successively increasing width, Figs. 4a and 5a (plan and elevation respectively), until all the threads are combined into a single co-planar band 50, each individual thread being parallel to but spaced from adjoining threads.  As shown in Fig. 3, each comb guide comprises two series of hooks facing in opposite directions. The spinning deck 30 on which the threads are assembled into a band is inclined, to facilitate threading up and inspection, and has a gutter 51 <PICT:0760889/IV(a)/6> along its lower edge to collect liquid draining from the threads. At the end of the spinning deck, Figs. 4b and 5b, the inclined band 50 is guided into a horizontal plane by comb-guide 31 and roller guide 30, any further liquid draining off being caught in basin 42 with outlet 43.  Roller 25 is driven during threading-up to forward the band of threads as a tow whilst individual threads are being positioned in the comb guides 38. The horizontal band of threads then pases through a series of liquid bahts, the first being a hot acid regeneration bath, Figs. 4c and 5c. The bath consists of a long shallow trough 52, slightly inclined to the horizontal, the inclination being adjustable by screws 54, 56. Acid is introduced at the upper end through perforated distributing pipe 62, Figs. 4d and 5d, and flows down the trough in counter-current to the movement of the band of threads, and out at 64.  On its way down the trough 52 the acid encounters transverse dams 60 and comb-guides 58, which promote turbulence. The threads are led over dams 60 and over comb-guides 58, access being had during threading up by lifting the hinged covers 66. The temperature of the acid bath is maintained by steam pipe 63 which rests on the bottom of the trough.  The band of threads 50 is drawn through the regeneration bath by driven rollers 44, 46. Roller 48 is a broken thread take-up roller; it rotates at slightly greater speed than the upper tension roller 44 and is faced with a material having a high coefficient of friction with the threads.  Drip pans 451 and 471 are provided under the rollers.  The band 50 then passes to inclined washing trough 68, down which water flows in countercurrent, and out through drainage trough 75.  A cross-section of washing trough 68 is shown in Fig. 7. The threads are guided over round bars 78, under dams 80, and are maintained in position by comb guides 70. Obstructions 76 rise from the floor of the trough adjacent each bar 78, which causes a local up-swirl in the washing water.  This, together with the tension in the threads as they pass over bars 78, causes each thread to flatten so that its filaments are spread out and made more permeable to the washing water.  As the band 50 leaves the washing trough it is passed over a vacuum stripper (not shown) consisting of a transverse tube having a series of parallel slots in its upper surface, each of which guides one thread of the band and each of which communicates through a small hole with the interior of the tube which is under vacuum. The band is then passed through a short trough (not shown) containing a finishing liquid, over another vacuum strippr and another pair of tensioning rollers to the drying and winding mechanism, Figs. 4g and 5g. Here the band 50 is passed over a series of comb-guides 114 of successively decreasing width whilst individual threads are led off over guide pulleys 132, each to its own drying and winding mechanism, see also Fig. 8.  Each thread is passed several times round a pair of advancing rollers 118, 120, one of which is steam-heated internally, whereby the thread is dried.  It is then led up and over a pulley 134 to permit the thread to cool and down to the winding mechanism.  Each thread is then twisted and wound into a package 140 by ring and traveller.  All the rings 142 rise and fall together and all the guides 138 carried by arms 139 secured to oscillating shaft 141 rise and fall in unison.  The whole apparatus is covered by a cowling 126 connected to exhaust fan 130.  To facilitate the changing of a fully wound package, the device shown in Fig. 9 is used.  This is movably mounted on an overhead rail and comprises an air motor 151, supplied from air line 153, which drives take-up drum 146.  In use, the device is positioned opposite the bobbin to be changed and the running thread is accommodated on take-up drum 146 until a new bobbin is in position.  Specification 576,724, [Group IV], is referred to.