baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-616132-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of cellulose derivatives
IPC: C08B3/22
Filed: 1946-08-28
Abstract: A process for the production of cellulose esters of increased acyl content comprises heating a mixture of a partially hydrolysed organic acid ester of cellulose and an organic acid anhydride dissolved in an organic solvent medium free from catalyst.  The product is precipitated from solution in fibrous form and is relatively easily washed and dried.  It possesses a degree of stability substantially greater than the hydrolysed cellulose ester from which it is prepared.  The further esterification may be halted at any point short of the tri-ester.  Esters which may be thus prepared include cellulose acetate, propionate, butyrate (including the triacetate, tri-propionate, tri-butyrate) and fully esterified mixed esters such as cellulose acetate-propionate, acetate-butyrate, acetate-stearate, acetate-laurate, acetate-crotonate and butyrate-crotonate.  The hydrolysed ester (1 part by weight) may be dissolved in 3-10 parts by weight of organic acid and 0.1 to 2.0 parts of the anhydride added, depending on the degree of esterification desired, and heated from 60 DEG  C. to 100 DEG  C. or more for 6-200 hours.  In an example 10 parts by weight of cellulose acetate of acetyl value 49 per cent (as acetic acid) are dissolved in 40 parts glacial acetic acid and 5 parts acetic anhydride added. Reaction is allowed to take place at 70 DEG  C. for 24 hours.  The ester is precipitated by addition of water, and has an acetyl value of 54.9 per cent.
Patent GB-361013-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric testing appliances
IPC: G01R27/02
Filed: 1930-08-29
Abstract: 361,013. Current detectors; indicating faults ; instrument casings. LEE, E. L. and TAYLOR, W. C., 25, Victoria Street, London. Aug. 29, 1930, No. 25901. [Class 37.1 A fault detector comprises a neon lamp, one or more resistances and a switch, all located within a casing and connected so that different installation tests may be carried out, as well as an independent test of the neon tube. As shown, Fig. 4, the switch contacts are contained within an inner casing 44 provided with a boss 56 engaging a coverplate 51 through which the spindle switch 47 projects. The neon lamp 46 is held in clips 45 mounted on the inner casing 44, and is viewed through an aperture 53 in the cover-plate. Terminals 13 are mounted on the inner casing, a screw-threaded boss 58 in the cover-plate being provided for passage of the leads. The space between the inner and outer casings may be filled with oil. With the connections shown in Fig. 1, leakage between mains 25 and earth is detected, equal resistance 11, 12 being placed across the mains with the tube and resistance 27 in series to earth. In the other position of the switch the neon lamp can be tested independently. In a modification, a three-way switch may be employed permitting the testing of a " dead " circuit by providing a live connection. Tests on alternating-current lines are made through balanced transformers preferably provided with magnetic shunts to prevent the neon lamp being damaged.
Patent GB-913901-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to piperazines
IPC: C07D295/023
Filed: 1961-07-18
Abstract: Piperazines are produced by maintaining a hydrohalide of an ethanolamine of formula <FORM:0913901/IV (b)/1> in which each R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, at a temperature of 205-290 DEG C., adding an anhydrous hydrogen halide at the rate of 0.1 to 10 mols/hr. per mol of ethanolamine hydrohalide, and recovering the product.  Suitable starting materials are, for example, the mono-and di-hydrochlorides, bromides and iodides of 2(21-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 1-methyl-2(21-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 1 - ethyl - 2(21-aminoethylamino)ethanol and 1 - butyl-2(21-aminoethylamino)ethanol.  If desired, the pyrolysis may be carried out in the presence of an inert dispersant, e.g. mineral oil, diphenyl ether or phenyl diphenyl ether.  Examples are given of the conversion of 2(21-aminoethylamino)ethanol to piperazine.
Patent GB-482288-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric couplings
IPC: H01R13/703
Filed: 1936-09-25
Abstract: 482,288. Two part couplings combined with switches. WALSALL CONDUITS, Ltd., MILLARD, A. E., and COURT, R. A. B. Sept. 25, 1936, No. 26008. [Class 38 (i)] A socket coupling member is fitted with a shortcircuiting switch that bridges the sockets when the plug is withdrawn. The switch consists of a metal plate 12 pivoted at 11 to a boss 14 formed on one socket 7 and is brought into contact with the other socket 6 by a spring 16 anchored in the body, coiled on the pivot 11 and pressing on an ear 15 bent up from the plate 12. The ear projects over the socket 7 and is set obliquely 'so as to be displaced by a plug entering the socket thus moving the plate 12 out of contact with the socket 6. The sockets are formed with holes 19 for the conductors which are clamped by grub screws 18. A cover plate 21 has bosses 26 fitting enlargements of the cavity 25 and receiving screws 22. If a short-circuiting switch is provided on the plug part it may be operated by a projection formed on the body of the socket-member.
Patent GB-373889-A (GB)
Title: An astronomical appliance for educational and other purposes
IPC: G09B27/04
Filed: 1931-09-17
Abstract: 373,889. Moulding celluloid &c. McEWAN, D., Place of Bonhill, Renton, Dumbartonshire. Sept. 17, 1931, No. 26024. [Class 87 (ii).] Hemispherical o r part spherical charts of celluloid, cellostoid, or similar transparent material are formed by arranging the sheets 1 of celluloid &c. over a hollow hemispherical mould 4, softening by steam introduced through pipes 6, and shaping by means of a heavy ball 7, centrally disposed on the sheet 1 which is thus pressed firmly against the interior of the mould. The side flanges may be removed if desired and two parts so moulded may be joined together in any suitable manner.
Patent GB-808819-A (GB)
Title: Forced-flow once-through steam generators
IPC: F22B35/10
Filed: 1956-08-24
Abstract: 808,819. Forced-flow steam boilers. SULZER FRERES S. A. Aug. 24 1956 [Sept. 16, 1955], No. 26025/56. Class 123(2) A forced-flow, oncethrough steam boiler has twin furnaces E, F, the combustion chamber and flue of each of which contain economizer sections 17, an evaporating section 18 and super-heaters 19, 20 connected in series, the incoming working medium dividing for parallel flow through the two groups of series connected heat exchangers whilst the steam outputs therefrom unite for flow to a turbine. Partially expanded steam is returned to the boiler for reheating and flows in series through reheater sections 27, 28 respectively located in regions of approximately equal temperature in the furnace flues E and F. In order to ensure that the same amount of heat is absorbed in both reheater sections the second section 28 may be constructed with an appropriately larger heating surface than that of the first section 27. Specification 807,658 is referred to.
Patent GB-506135-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sheathing for the spindles of rug spinning and like machines
IPC: D01H7/16
Filed: 1938-09-06
Abstract: 506,135. Spinning and like spindlea. VEREINIGTE KUGELLAGERFABRIKEN AKT.-GES. Sept. 6, 1938, No. 26049. Convention date, Sept. 7, 1937. [Class 120 (ii)] A sheathing for the spindles of ring spinning and like machines made from material of insufficient strength to warp the spindle, comprises rings b<1> ... b<6> of resilient material such as cork and of such bore that when forced on the spindle they are retained by reason of their compression or deformation. Discs e', c<2> of stronger material such as leather may be interposed to form a support for the tube. The sheathing may be coated to resist moisture. Adhesive is preferably used on the contacting faces and. bores of the rings to supplement the grip on the spindle and to provide additional security.
Patent GB-244234-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to alternating current relays
IPC: H02H3/40
Filed: 1924-11-01
Abstract: 244,234. Peter, L. H., and Westing- house Brake & Saxby Signal Co., Ltd. Nov. 1, 1924. Induction relays of the two-element type operated by two co-operating fluxes generated by separate energizing windings having two sets of poles adapted to produce opposite torques on the movable element so that one of these torques predominates only when the current supplied to the windings is of a frequency higher than a predetermined frequency. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the relay for use in railway track signalling systems comprises two radially-slotted segmental vanes 1, 2 supported about a pivotal centre 3 and disposed in gaps between two sets of poles corresponding to local cores 5, 6, and 7, 8 and track cores 13 having a common yoke 14. The local cores carry energizing windings 9, 10 and 11, 12 and windings 15 surround the yoke 14 of the track cores. The torques produced by the two sets of poles are arranged to be in opposite directions. The air gap 18 between poles 16 of the track core in the case of the vane 1 is greater than the gap 19 between poles 17 containing the vane 2 so that a greater torque would be produced on this segment but for the provision of suitable shading bands 20 on the poles 17 which equalize the torques at a predetermined frequency, which may be the traction supply frequency. With currents of higher frequency as when signalling currents are supplied to the relay, the increased action of the shading bands enables the torque on the vane 1 to predominate and operate the relay. In modified forms of the invention the segmental vanes may be mounted side-by-side on a common shaft or may be combined to form a slotted cylinder which is surrounded by local and track cores provided with inwardly-directed pole-pieces.
Patent GB-1004560-A (GB)
Title: Rubber reinforced vinyl aromatic polymer compositions and method of making the same
IPC: C08K5/07
Filed: 1964-06-24
Abstract: A rubber reinforced vinyl aromatic polymer composition contains a minor proportion of a normally solid aliphatic ketone.  The ketone may have the formula (CnH2n+1)2CO, where n is from 8 to 17, specified ketones are stearone, pelargone, myristone, and palmitone.  The rubber reinforced polymer may be an intimate mixture of a natural or synthetic rubber and a vinyl aromatic polymer, but is preferably the polymerization product of a vinyl aromatic monomer (or mixture containing at least 50 mole per cent vinyl aromatic monomer) dispersed in a minor proportion of a natural and/or synthetic rubber. In the most preferred embodiment from 0.01 to 1% stearone is mixed with the polymeric material obtained by polymerizing styrene monomer containing from 2 to 20% of a rubbery butadiene polymer.  The rubber reinforced styrene polymer may be a homopolymer of a monovinyl aromatic compound such as styrene, vinyl toluene, vinylxylene, ethylvinyl benzene, isopropylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, homostyrene, fluorostyrene or ar-chlorovinyl toluene with from 2 to 20% of a natural or synthetic rubber or a copolymer of one of these monovinyl aromatic compounds with a minor amount or a comonomer, e.g. alpha-methyl styrene, acrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate. Specified rubbers are natural rubber, butadienestyrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, especially stereospecific butadiene rubber polymers.
Patent GB-189922-A (GB)
Title: Improved construction of apparatus for supplying liquid disinfectants to flush cisterns
IPC: E03D9/03
Filed: 1921-10-03
Abstract: 189,922. Philbrook, A. F. Oct. 3, 1921. Water - waste pre. venters, disinfecting. apparatus for.- A cyl inder C is mounted on a diaphragm B in a disinfectant container A. A lever L at the top of a rod K carried by a piston J is con nected by a chain to the flush pull-chain, When the latter is pulled, the piston is forced down against a spring I and disinfectant is forced along a pipe QR into the flush water. When the piston rises again disinfectant passes into the cylinder through a valve G.
Patent GB-1343847-A (GB)
Title: Removal of non-sugar material from crude sugar solutions
Inventor: MOEBES E
IPC: C13B20/14
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1343847 Purifying sugar solutions SUGAR CHEMICAL CO ETAB 19 April 1971 [16 Oct 1970] 26209/71 Heading C6B Impurities are removed from a sugar solution by ion exchange processes in which the solution is initially treated with, e.g. percolated over, a carbonate or bicarbonate anion exchanger, after which it is treated with an ammonium or a weakly acid cation exchanger in the hydrogen form to enable at least part of the ammonia and carbonic acid formed to be removed, e.g. by boiling, whereupon, following removal of sugar by crystallisation, the residual liquor is treated with a strongly acid cation exchanger in the hydrogen form to remove remaining cations, amino acids and betaine, this treatment being effected at about 10‹C to avoid inversion, the resulting solution is then recycled to the non-regenerated carbonate or bicarbonate anion exchanger used in the initial stage for the absorption of further anions in the form of free acids, and the purified sugar solution is then recovered from this stage.
Patent GB-735038-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the electrolytic polishing of metals
Inventor: DARMOIS EMILE EUGENE
IPC: C25F3/16
Filed: 1951-11-08
Abstract: 735,038. Electrolytic polishing of metals. CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE. Nov. 8, 1951 [Nov. 10, 1950], No. 26232/51. Drawings to Specification. Class 41. Metals are polished by treatment as anode in a non-alkaline solution of a salt the anion of which is such that rs, its radius in the solution considered, calculated according to Stokes's formula, is substantially less than rc, the radius resulting from measurements made on the salt in the crystalline state. Preferably the cation is such that rs is greater than rc. Diagrams are given showing the values of rs and rc for various anions and cations in aqueous and methylalcoholic solution. The solvent used in preparing the solution may be a hygroscopic liquid such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride or methyl or ethyl alcohol ; the dissolved salt may be a perchlorate. A ternary diagram for a bath consisting of a perchlorate acetic acid and water is given together with rules for determining therefrom optimum bath proportions when the metal to be polished is iron, nickel, cobalt, an ironnickel alloy or lead. Examples of specific bath compositions are, for polishing cobalt, sodium perchlorate equivalent to 11.6 per cent perchloric acid, acetic acid 84.5 per cent and water 4 per cent ; for polishing nickel, magnesium perchlorate equivalent to 5.5 per cent perchloric acid, acetic acid 88.5 per cent, water 6.0 per cent. For polishing copper a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in water may be used; perchlorates are not satisfactory in this case. During the polishing process, quantities of solvent proportional to the quantity of metal dissolved may be added to the bath. This addition may be continuous or intermittent and may be controlled by the intensity of the current flowing at any instant or by the number of ampere-hours which have passed through the bath since it was put into use.
Patent GB-586308-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the contacts of electro-magnetic relays
IPC: H01H50/56
Filed: 1944-05-24
Abstract: 586,308. Electromagnetic relays. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd., SMITH, C. P., and BANNOCK, D. May 24, 1944, No. 26234/46. Divided out of 586,286. [Class 38 (v)] A contact spring pileup is made up by the assembly of a number of individual units each comprising a single contact-spring with an adherant layer of moulded insulating material on one or both sides of its root. The root of each spring 1 of the pile-up shown is encased in a thermo-setting plastic, such as high temperature " Bakelite" (Registered Trade Mark), three such springs 1 being clamped between plates 4 by a screw 8, further screws 5 serving to fix the pile-up to the relay frame. The insulating material extends through the fixing holes in the springs.
Patent GB-273550-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for automatic flame control
IPC: G05D11/13
Filed: 1926-10-21
Abstract: 273,550. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., (General Electric Co., Ltd.). Oct. 21, 1926. Valves, applications of. - The flames at a number of burners 1 supplied with gas and compressed air from mains 4, 3 respectively are maintained at a, constant heating value by operating a pressuresreducing valve 6 at the entrance to the gas main 4 in accordance with the temperature of the flame of a test burner 8 also connected to the mains 4, 3. The test burner is arranged so that the tip of its inner blue flame cone impinges on a metal ribbon 9 of nichrome or other heat-resisting alloy and produces a red-hot zone 11 having a central dark spot 12. A thermo-couple 13 having its terminals connected to a sensitive voltmeter 14 is attached to the ribbon at the centre of the dark spot 12. On a change of temperature of the test flame occurring, the variation of the electromotive force at the ends of the thermo-couple causes the voltmeter needle 15 to bridge one of two sets of contacts 16, 17 thereby energizing a solenoid 19 or 20 and releasing a pawl 26 or 27 on a plate 23 which is constantly oscillated about the shaft of a ratchet wheel 25 by an electric motor 21. The released pawl then rotates the ratchet wheel 25 which operates' the valve 6 through worm gearing 30 and screw-and-nut gearing 32 until the flame temperature becomes normal.
Patent GB-426053-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in cabinet and wall beds
IPC: A47C17/48
Filed: 1933-09-25
Abstract: 426,053. Cabinet beds. JONES, G. M. G., 128, Picadilly, London, and DOWDLE, R. W., 5, Clark Street, Bristol. Sept. 25, 1933, No. 26419. [Class 52 (ii)] In a cabinet or wall bed, the frame is made in four sections which are in alignment when the bed is unfolded, the inner end section being fixed in the cabinet or wall, while the three remaining sections are foldable and are independent of the door or other parts of the cabinet. The four sections of the frame fold into substantially rectangular position. The four sections 3-6 of the bed frame fold into the cabinet 1, the inner section 3 being fixed to the cabinet. When unfolded, the frame is supported by two sets of folding legs 7, 9, the former set being integral with a head rail 11 which serves to clamp the mattress to the frame when folded. The legs 9 are pivoted to the joint 16 between the sections 4 and 5, and tongues 18 on section 5 bear against the legs 9. In the folded position shown in Fig. 3, each section is approximately at right angles to the adjacent section. The space in the cabinet below the end section 3 may constitute a cupboard or may house a drawer. Specification 412,668 is referred to.
Patent GB-601744-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in chain shifting devices for cycles and the like
IPC: B62M9/125
Filed: 1945-10-10
Abstract: 601,744. Change-speed chain gearing. BANE, L. R., and CONSTRICTOR TYRE CO., Ltd. Oct. 10, 1945, No. 26481. [Class 80 (ii)] A cycle chain 26 is shifted laterally on to stepped driven sprockets 1, 2, &c. by a single shift-and-tension jockey-sprocket 23, the screwadjustable spindle 20 of which swings about a longitudinal pivot 17 in a shift-arm 12, which is swung transversely about a longitudinal pivot 13 for chain-shifting, toothed or chain gearing such as an idler 18 being interposed between segmental teeth on a member 16, carrying the jockey-spindle 20, and a member 7 carrying the shift-arm 12, so that as the shiftarm swings transversely the jockey-spindle 20 always remains parallel to the axis AB of the driven sprockets 1, 2. The toothed gearing 18 &c. may be spherical instead of cylindrical and the idler 18 may be replaced by an internally-toothed member which may be elliptical. The shift-arm 12, which is actuated by a Bowden cable 25, is carried on the member 7, bolted to a plate 5, which is mounted on a transverse pivot 6 on a carrier-plate 3, loaded bv a torsion-spring 10 to tension the chain, and secured to the cycle-frame by the wheelspindle nut only, turning being prevented by lugs 4 engaging transversely in the chainadjusting slot in the cycle-frame. The shiftarm 12 is formed as a casing for the parallelmotion gears 18, and has a cover, not shown.
Patent GB-144549-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved locking device for window sashes
IPC: E05F11/00
Filed: 1919-10-29
Abstract: 144,549. Smith, E. Oct. 29, 1919. Sliding bolts; multiple fastenings for windows. - Relates to window-sash fastenings of the kind comprising two sliding bolts arranged in a casing at right-angles to each other on the top rail of the lower sash and adapted to engage in holes in the window-frame and the upper sash respectively. According to the invention, one bolt f is carried by the other e, passing transversely through a hole therein. The bolts engage in holes b<2>, c<2>, formed in vertical series in plates b<1>, c' fixed as shown, so that the sashes may be locked together, open or closed, and to the window-frame. A second similar pair of bolts may be mounted at the opposite side of the window.
Patent GB-708524-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pipe, shaft or like joints, or bottle, jar, drum or like closures
IPC: F16L21/025
Filed: 1950-11-01
Abstract: 708,524. Pipe joints. VAN LEER'S (CURACAO) N.V. Nov. 1. 1950 [March 31, 1950], No. 26683/50. Class 99 (1). [Also in Groups XVII and XXIV] In a spigot-and-socket joint, shown applied to a closure member for a container but applicable as a pipe joint, a packing ring 14 of polygonal cross-section, located in a V-shaped groove 15 of the spigot, is rolled by the socket 11 during assembly partly over a clamping shoulder 16 on to a seating which may comprise a cylindrical surface 13 and flange 13a, or may be another V-shaped groove. The angle of the V-groove is approximately 90 degrees, and-the shoulder 16 is formed by two cones having a common base.
Patent GB-709832-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of textile materials showing differential colour and/or delustred effects
Inventor: PAUL HARRY
IPC: D06P3/82
Filed: 1951-11-15
Abstract: Differential colour and/or delustred effects are produced on textile materials by incorporating filaments of cellulose acetate of substantially the same acetyl value and prepared by both the " acid " and the " methylene chloride " process in the textile material and then delustring by heating in boiling water, and/or dyeing with one or more dyestuffs having an affinity for cellulose acetate.  Fabrics may contain viscose rayon in addition to the two types of cellulose acetate filaments.  In an example, a fabric having a viscose rayon weft and a warp comprising a mixture of p  cellulose acetate yarns prepared by the " acid " and the " methylene chloride " processes is boiled in water containing a small amount of phenol to produce a dulled stripe effect.  The fabric is then dyed with Solacet Brilliant Blue B.S. to give a striped two-shade blue effect.ALSO:Differential colour and/or delustred effects are produced on textile materials by incorporating filaments of cellulose acetate of substantially the same acetyl value and prepared by both the "acid" and the "methylene chloride" process in the textile material and then delustring by heating in boiling water, and/or dyeing with one or more dyestuffs having an affinity for cellulose acetate.  Fabrics may contain viscose rayon, in addition to the two types of cellulose acetate filaments.  In an example, a fabric having a viscose rayon weft and a warp comprising a mixture of cellulose acetate yarns prepared by the "acid" and "methylene chloride" process is boiled in water containing a small amount of phenol to produce a dulled stripe effect.  The fabric is then dyed with Solacet Brilliant Blue B.S. to give a striped two-shade blue effect.