baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1405813-A (GB)
Title: Process for supersaturating an aqueous sucrose solution
IPC: A23G1/30
Filed: 1973-10-10
Abstract: 1405813 Confectionery P FERRERO & C SpA 10 Oct 1973 [26 Oct 1972 27 Dec 1972] 47408/73 Heading A2B [Also in Divisions B1 and F4] An aqueous sucrose solution is supersaturated in a process comprising cooling the solution to a final temperature below that of its saturation point in a rotary scraped-surface heat exchanger wherein the solution flows in and' substantially fills the cross-section of, a passage extending between a rotor carrying scrapers extending into said passage, or a cooled cylindrical surface which is scraped by the scrapers. Preferably the final temperature is achieved by cooling the solution to a desired temperature (say 20‹C below its saturation point) in stages in a series of the heat exchangers.  In the making of liquid-filled chocolate sweets for example, the supersaturated solution with added flavouring, is deposited within a chocolate shell which may then be sealed with a thin layer of chocolate followed by a thicker layer. The shells with the contained solution are thereafter conditioned by keeping them in air at a temperature of from 10‹ to 20‹C in order to cause a sugar crust to form on the body of solution between it and the chocolate shell. The heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical rotor 38 arranged within a stationary cylindrical casing of stainless steel defining with the rotor a passage 40 for the solution being cooled. The inner surface 30A of the casing is continuously scraped by blades e.g., 42, 46, 48, 50 which are in sets (see Fig. 1) pivoted at the periphery of the rotor along an axis parallel to its axis or rotation. The casing is encircled by a jacket 60 through which flows a coolant. In a series arrangement of such heat exchanger Fig. 1 water is the coolant in the first two cooling stages 18 and 22, and a refrigerant is the coolant in the third stage 26. The sucrose solution (from a hopper 10) is pumped through the cooling stages by a gear pump (14).
Patent GB-1132880-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to driving means for helicopters
IPC: B64C27/12
Filed: 1966-10-25
Abstract: 1,132,880. Helicopters. DAIMLER-BENZ A.G. 25 Oct., 1966 [27 Oct., 1965], No. 47784/66. Headings B7G and B7W. [Also in Division F1] The invention relates to driving means for the lifting rotor and forward propulsion unit of a helicopter and comprises a combustion gas generator from which gases pass to a turbine which drives the lifting rotor also to a turbine which drives means producing forward thrust such as a tractor or pusher air screw or ducted fan. Both of the turbines are provided with adjustable inlet guide vanes. In the embodiment shown, a combustion gas generator 1 is provided at each side of the aircraft, the gases passing to a device 2 from which a proportion pass to a turbine 3 which provides forward thrust, while the remaining portion of gases pass through a duct 4 to a turbine 5 which drives the lifting rotor. The device 2 comprises a cylindrical casing having a perforated inner wall 6. The first portion of the gases passes straight through the device as indicated by arrows A, B to the forward thrust turbine 3, while the second portion of the gases passes through the perforations into the annular space 8 as indicated by arrows C and thence to the duct 4 to the turbine 5 driving the lift rotor.
Patent GB-1517937-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of dental amalgam alloy
IPC: A61K6/847
Filed: 1975-11-21
Abstract: 1517937 Copper coating dental alloys PENNWALT CORP 21 Nov 1975 [13 Dec 1974] 48043/75 Headings C7A and C7F The compactability of 5-60 micron spherical particles of dental amalgam alloy is improved by treating with a solution containing 1-10g/l cupric chloride as CuCl 2  À2H 2 O and 5-30% volume concentrated HCl to form cului crystals containing Cu on the particles. The alloy contains in weight per cent 50-75 Ag, 20-30 Sn, 2-20 Cu and 0-2 Zn and the particles may be contacted with the solution either by immersion and agitation or by falling through a tower in concurrent or countercurrent flow with the solution. After a preferred contact time of 10-40 minutes the coated particles are water washed, dried and compacted into cylindrical tablets which can then be amalgamated with Hg.
Patent GB-1443889-A (GB)
Title: Automatic telecommunication exchange
IPC: H04Q3/54
Filed: 1974-11-07
Abstract: 1443889 Automatic exchange systems INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP 7 Nov 1974 [13 Nov 1973] 48138/74 Heading H4K Exchange equipment such as line circuits or junctors S1 ... Sm, registers R1 ... Rn, markers K, M1 ... K, M2 and central controls Z are arranged in a hierarchy wherein adjacent levels of equipment have direct communication links (shown dotted) which provide selective connections between individual equipments in the two levels and in addition one or more common buses RS-S, KM-S, Z-S together with interbus switches SS and HS are provided for permitting direct communication between equipments in non-adjacent levels.
Patent GB-1487225-A (GB)
Title: Process for treating finished or shaped parts made from alkaline constructional materials
IPC: C04B41/49
Filed: 1974-11-11
Abstract: 1487225 Treating alkaline constructional materials CHEMIEWERK NUNCHRITZ VEB 11 Nov 1974 [13 Nov 1973] 48617/74 Heading ClH [Also in Division D1] Constructional parts made from alkaline constructional materials have their water repellancy and corrosion resistance increased by treatment with gases or vapours of at least one organo-fluoro silane of the general formula R n SiF 4-n  in which R is an organic radical, preferably methyl or ethyl and n is 1, 2 or 3. The constructional material may be Portland cement, lime cement, blast furnace cement, sulphate resistant cement or a special cement, e.g. asbestos cement or silica concrete, concrete with a cement, lime-sand or magnesia binder, or a gas or foamed concrete. The organo-fluoro silane may be a mixture of methyl trifluorosilane and dimethyl difluoro silane, and may be admixed with silicon tetrafluoride and/or an inert gas. Treatment may be at ambient or elevated temperature and at, above or below atmospheric pressure. Wet or moist as well as dry materials may be treated.
Patent GB-1320974-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of penicillin derivative
IPC: A61K35/74
Filed: 1970-10-13
Abstract: 1320974 Preparing 1-aminecyclohexylpenicillin KYOWA HAKKO KOGYO CO Ltd 13 Oct 1970 [24 Oct 1969] 48642/70 Heading C2A A-Aminoeyelohexylpenicillin is prepared by reacting a penicillin (other than 1-aminocyclohexylpenicillin) or 6-aminopenicillanic acid with 1-aminocyclohexyl carboxylic acid or an N-acylating derivative thereof in the presence of a 1 - aminocyclohexylpenicillin - producing enzyme from a micro-organism of the genera: Pseudomonas, Kluyvera, Escherichia, Aeroboater, Micrococcus, Streptomyces, Nocardia, Aspergillus or Penicillium. The particular organisms used are Pseudomonas melanogenum, Kluyvera citrophila, Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Streptomyces phaeochromogenes, Nocardia globerula, Aspergillus oryzae, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The enzyme may be in the form of the whole or cell-free fermentation broth, the fresh cells or an acetone powder thereof or a purified enzyme preparation. The micro-organism is cultivated in conventional nutrient medium except in the case of Kluyvera aitrophila when the medium contains 0À2% phenylacetic acid. The process is preferably carried out either by simply adding the substrates to the fermenting broth and continuing the cultivation or by separating the cells by centrifuging, resuspending them in buffer solution and adding the substrates to the suspension. The reaction conditions vary according to the enzyme-producing micro-organism, from pH 3 to 8 and 25‹ to 50‹ C. The preferred penicillin substrates are benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin or 6-aminopenicillanic acid, or base and acid-addition salts thereof. The 1- aminocyclohexyl carboxylic acid may be used as such or in the form of the amide, alkyl ester, alkali metal salt or acid-addition salt. The product may be recovered by removing the cells or mycelium if present, followed by extraction with water-immiscible solvent, absorption on ion-exchange resin or charcoal, by isoelectric point precipitation and/or precipitation with a water-miscible non-solvent.
Patent GB-1572509-A (GB)
Title: Stabilised hemotological reagent solution
IPC: G01N33/50
Filed: 1976-11-23
Abstract: A mixture of 2-phenoxyethanol and an alkali metal fluoride such as sodium fluoride is used as reagent solution in the haematological analysis procedures, especially those which are used in the electronic study of particles.
Patent GB-1034840-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the storage of flowable solid food stuffs and other materials
Inventor: PARTRIDGE PHILIP
IPC: B65D88/62
Filed: 1963-12-11
Abstract: 1,034,840. Flexible container for grain. W.H.D. DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Dec. 8, 1964 [Dec. 11, 1963], No. 48873/63. Heading B8S. Container 16 formed in accordance with Specification 1,034,389, is provided at the bottom with a folded flexible shoot 19 having an outlet 19a with closure member therefor 24. The container 16 is enclosed between framework 10, mesh 15 sheeting 13 and base 12. A rim 18 forms the connection between containers 16 and shoot 19, the latter being shown in Fig. 1 in its lowered position. The rim 18 carries pulleys 21 so as to be raisable by means of winch 23 which operates rope 20 passing between pulleys 21 and pulleys 22 formed on framework 10. Operation.-Container 16 is filled with material. When required the material is discharged through aperture 19a. Any material still remaining in the container is discharged by operation of winch 23 which raises both container 16 and shoot 19 so that the remaining material is shaken down through outlet 19a.
Patent GB-1016917-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to by-pass regulating devices
IPC: G01F1/08
Filed: 1962-12-28
Abstract: 1,016,917. Rotary liquid meters. PRESNA MECHANIKA NARODNY PODNIK. Dec. 28, 1962 [Dec. 30, 1961], No. 48916/62. Heading F1F. A by-pass regulating device associated with liquid flowmeters, comprises a connecting channel between inlet and outlet ports 1 and 3, Fig. 1 (not shown) of a liquid flowmeter having a part thereof of rectangular cross-section and a movable wall 19a formed by the end of a regulating screw 19 for regulating the cross-section of the channel. As shown, fluid flowing through the instrument enters at 1 and passes through filter 5 into channel 6. Fluid flowing through the by-pass then passes through channels 16 into space 17 and thence into collecting cavity 21 before passing through the rectangular crosssectioned channel 18. The cross-sectional area of the channel 18 is controlled by screw 19 such that rotating the screw through 360 degrees corresponds to the total movement of the wall 19a from its closed position to its fully open position. The channel is widened wedge-like below the bottom edge of the screw 19.
Patent GB-1462436-A (GB)
Title: Gas bladder for an accumulator
IPC: F15B1/20
Filed: 1974-11-14
Abstract: 1462436 Hydraulic accumulators N SUGIMURA 14 Nov 1974 49229/74 Heading F1D The diaphragm 2 of a hydraulic accumulator has a recess 3 and a blind bore 5 which house and locate a valve body 8. A projection 9 on the valve body is a push fit in the bore 5. A clamping band may be provided. The projection 9 may be replaced by a screw which passes through the valve body as illustrated in Figs. 2-4 (not shown).
Patent GB-1074032-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to semiconductor devices
Inventor: BEALE JULIAN ROBERT ANTHONY
IPC: H01L29/08
Filed: 1963-12-13
Abstract: 1,074,032. Semi-conductor devices. MULLARD Ltd. Dec. 13, 1963, No. 49354/63. Heading H1K. In a transistor comprising emitter, base, and collector regions, the lateral area of the emitter is small compared with that of the base, the collector has a lightly doped part and a heavily doped part, and a portion only of the collector immediately adjacent to the base is heavily doped and lies at least partly beneath the emitter. As shown, a wafer 2 of N-type silicon lightly doped with phosphorus has an oxide layer formed on its surface by heating in wet oxygen. This oxide layer is masked using a photolithographic technique and is etched to remove the oxide layer apart from those areas shown enclosed by chain-cross lines. Phosphorus is then diffused into the surface of the wafer to form heavily doped N-type surface regions, 1, 12 and 13. The surface of the wafer is reoxidized and etched and boron is diffused-in to form P-type base region 4. The oxidizing and etching is repeated and phosphorus is diffused in to form N-type emitter region 3. The surface is again oxidized and etched and an aluminium layer is evaporated on to the surface and masked and etched so that it is removed apart from the areas 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15 which are then alloyed to the surface. Gold wires are connected to contacts 9, 10, 11, 14 and 15 by thermocompression bonding. The lower face of the wafer is ground to the required size and may be secured to a gold-plated nickel-iron header. After each of the diffusion and alloying steps the wafer is boiled in concentrated nitric acid and washed in deionized water. The transistor exhibits less series resistance but slightly larger capacitance than a device with the whole collector of lightly doped material and less capacitance but slightly greater series resistance than a device with the whole collector of heavily doped material. A plurality of individual transistors or solid state circuits may be formed in a single wafer of semi-conductor material which is subsequently cut up. In an alternative embodiment, Figs. 4, 5 and 6 (not shown), the regions of the transistor are produced in a substantially concentric configuration. The device of either embodiment may be used in conventional transistor circuits by joining the two base contacts 10, 11 together.
Patent GB-1446091-A (GB)
Title: Machines for performing operations progressively on a workpiece
IPC: D05B31/00
Filed: 1973-10-23
Abstract: 1446091 Sewing machine, work steering BRITISH UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CO Ltd 23 Oct 1973 [24 Oct 1972] 49394/73 Heading D1G A machine for operating on a workpiece with a tool (needle 16) has workpiece feeding means (32) operable intermittently to feed the work past the tool, the tool operating on the workpiece between each feed movement, control means including a plurality of sensing devices (26-30) responsive to movement of the workpiece therepast, and workpiece steering means (34-36) responsive to the control means which steering means operate continuously. The sewing machine disclosed is generally the same as that of Specification 1002283 except in respect of the feed, which is by feed dog, and in respect of the steering drive. The feed dog (32, Fig. 7 not shown) co-operates with a presser foot (40) and the face of one or the other is included (Fig. 7 not shown) to provide two zones of feeding one of which is less resistant to the steering action than the other. The steering motor 34 is controlled by three photoelectric devices 26, 28, 30 disposed in the worksupport to detect the edge of the workpiece (19, Fig 2. not shown). Cell 26 provides a voltage signal proportional to the cover provided by the workpiece, a signal being received by amplifier 44 together with a signal from a potentiometer 42 which latter is stated to vary the distance of the stitched seam from the the workpiece edge. Power amplifier 48 receives the output and actuates the motor. Cell 30 for inside, or cell 28 for outside curves, acts in a potential divider 30, 52 to control a solenoid 60 actuating contacts 62 to provide a further input to amplifier 48 and the work steering motor.
Patent GB-1394189-A (GB)
Title: Internal combustion piston engine
IPC: F02F3/22
Filed: 1972-10-26
Abstract: 1394189 I C engine cylinders SULZER BROS Ltd 26 Oct 1972 [26 Oct 1971] 49485/72 Heading F1B The lower portion 10 of a cylinder which contains the piston rings 7, 8, 9 at B.D.C. is rotatable about the cylinder axis during engine operation. The portion 10 may be continuously rotated by an electric motor 16 through a reduction gear 17 and teeth 13. The cylinder portion (10'), Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown), may be intermittently rotated by a ratchet mechanism (20 ..... 29) operated by cam surface (30) on the piston (3') when it approaches B.D.C. A further ratchet mechanism may rotate the cylinder portion on upward movement of the piston. The cylinder portion may be rotated through a roller free-wheel. Frangible connections may be provided between the rotatable cylinder portion and its drive arranged to break with excessive resistance to rotation. An alarm may be operated if the portion 10 stops rotating. A bore 14 and conduit 15 provide for lubricant supply. The engine may be a supercharged crosshead diesel engine.
Patent GB-1243828-A (GB)
Title: Control device for roll stand
IPC: B21B37/62
Filed: 1968-10-18
Abstract: 1,243,828. Automatic control of rolling. FRIED KRUPP G.m.b.H. Oct. 18, 1968 [Oct. 21, 1967], No. 49486/68. Heading G3R. A direct measurement of the gap between mill rolls, made by a measuring device which does not constitute a mechanical connection between the rolls, is compared with a desired value so that any difference is effective through a step function generator and hydraulic actuator to control the roll gap adjustment and thus ensure production of rolled stock of constant thickness. As shown, a measurement of the spacing between work rolls 3, made without contact by a photoelectric or electromagnetic device 6, is compared with a desired value 9 so that any difference operates a step controller 11 to restore the spacing to the desired value by control of hydraulic pre-stressing device 5 acting on the work rolls through back-up rolls 1. Provision of several gap measuring devices across the width of the rolls to control bending of the rolls is referred to. The thickness of the rolled material may also be measured and the above mentioned desired value correspondingly adjusted to ensure a constant thickness of rolled material.
Patent GB-1212182-A (GB)
Title: Pressure balanced annular extrusion die
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1966-11-07
Abstract: 1,212,182. Film and net extrusion die. DU PONT OF CANADA Ltd. 7 Nov., 1967 [7 Nov., 1966], No. 49850/66. Headings B5A and B5B. A circular rotating die for extruding thermoplastic films or nets comprises an inner die member 35 and 54 with a lip 41 and an outer die member 43 with a lip 42, the lips defining the extrusion orifice 40, a reservoir 39 adjacent the orifice and a passage 53 through the inner die for conveying the thermoplastic material from the crosshead 52 to the orifice 40. As shown, the inner die member comprises an upper section 35 and a lower section 54 bolted to the upper leaving a gap 38. This section is rotated on bearings 37 in the mould framework 36 by sprocket 50 and is connected to the crosshead 52 by packing gland 34. The outer die member is rotated by sprocket 49 on bearings 44 attached to the mould framework 47 and is held in position by the overlap of member 48 and framework 47. Immediately upstream of the orifice 40, the space between the die increases to form a reservoir 39, which, in combination with the horizontal passage 38 balances nearly all the internal pressure in the die. When used for the production of netting each lip may contain a series of complementary orifices or a set of holes spaced annularly about the axis of rotation. The thermoplastic materials may be polyamides, polyesters, P.V.C. and copolymers with vinylacetate or vinylidene chloride, polyethylene and copolymers, cellulose acetate, natural or synthetic rubbers and foamable plastic material such as polystyrene and polyethylene.
Patent GB-1194988-A (GB)
Title: Road Wheel Supporting Unit for Vehicles
Inventor: SCHOEPE ADOLF
IPC: B60K17/34
Filed: 1968-10-22
Abstract: 1,194,988. Axle ends; steering posts. A. SCHOEPE. 22 Oct., 1968, No. 50066/68. Headings B7D and B7H. A road wheel supporting unit 48 usable at any wheel position, whether steerable and/or driven or not, comprises an axially symmetrical bellhousing 50 with a pair of identical swivel pins 54, 56 projecting radially outwardly from its periphery at opposite ends of a diameter, and an integral steering bracket 52 projecting perpendicularly to said diameter at a position offset vertically from the housing axis, there being suspension arms 62 and 64 pivotally connected respectively at one end to the pins 54, 56 and connectable at their other ends to the vehicle frame 10, a permanent hub 74 rotatably journalled on an integral axial extension of the housing dome, and a stub shaft 84 located coaxially within the housing to be connectable at one end to the permanent hub 74 and at its other through a ball-and-socket universal drive coupling 80, 82 with a drive-shaft 46. In a steerable wheel position the steering bracket 50 is connected to the steering system 86, the housings 50 of an opposed pair of steerable wheel support units 48 facing each other and respectively oriented so that their respective brackets 52 project in the same direction with one above, and the other below, the common axis of the housings. For non-steerable wheels the brackets 52 are rigidly tied, by adjustable arms, to the vehicle frame, and for non-driven wheels the stub shafts 84 are not connected to a drive-shaft and the bell-housing mouths are sealed. As shown, a wheel 72 secured to the permanent hub 74 encloses the bell-housing 50 so that the vertical centre-line of the wheel lies close to the axis of the swivel pins 54, 56. The suspension arms 62, 64 comprises A- brackets, the upper arm 62 being pivotally connected intermediate its ends to the lower end of a combined spring and damper unit 70. In a front-steerable, four-wheel drive vehicle described, the engine is obliquely mounted in the frame to drive, through a rear-mounted transfer gear, a rear differential, and, through a winduppreventing clutch, a forward differential. Both differentials are laterally centrally positioned, and a brake disc is mounted on each of the wheel drive-shafts extending from the differentials.
Patent GB-1382530-A (GB)
Title: Magnesium aluminate gallate phosphor
IPC: C09K11/08
Filed: 1972-11-01
Abstract: 1382530 Luminescent materials GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 1 Nov 1972 [1 Nov 1971] 50309/72 Heading C4S Mg aluminate gallate phosphor activated with Mn contains an alkaline earth metal ion M; there being at least 0À02 mole Mn/mole aluminate gallate and at least 0À2 atom fraction of Al substituted for Ga. The phosphor comprises where x is between 0À1 and 1À1; y is between 0À2 and 0À7; z is between 0À02 and 0À1 and w is between 1 x 10<SP>-5</SP> and 1À5 x 10-1. The phosphor is prepared using a mixture of Ga 2 O 3 , MgCO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , MnCO 3  and a Ca halophosphate, CaCO 3  or Ca, Ba or SrHPO 4 . The mixture is fired twice at 1400 C. in air and in N 2 +H 2  at 1200 C.