baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-457552-A (GB)
Title: Method of carrying out chemical reactions and extraction processes
IPC: B01J19/10
Filed: 1935-02-25
Abstract: <PICT:0457552/IV/1> <PICT:0457552/IV/2> Reactions between components of different phases are effected by subjecting the reaction vessel to rapid oscillations of circular or elliptical form with a frequency of some hundreds to some thousands per minute and an amplitude of, e.g. 5 mm.  The apparatus may comprise tubes arranged in series or parallel, and may contain loose grinding bodies.  The illustrated apparatus comprises concentric tubes a, b, and is mounted on flexible supports H and oscillated by means of an unbalanced rotor G.  The invention is applicable to reactions such as sulphonation, nitration, oxidation, reduction, halogenation, alkylation, arylation, mercerization, condensation, and hydrogenation. Examples relate to (1) the nitration of pyrene, (2) the bromination of pyrene, (3) the nitration of acenaphthene, (4) the catalytic reduction with hydrogen of para-nitraniline, (5) the formation of a brown product by reaction between 3-amino-pyrene, sodium acetate, and tetrachlorobenzoquinone in alcohol, (6) the oxidation of 2 : 1-naphthoxythionaphthene to 2 : 1 - naphthioindigo.  Specifications 144,672 and 153,199, [both in Class 86], are referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0457552/III/1> <PICT:0457552/III/2> Extraction processes and chemical reactions between components of different phases are effected by subjecting the reaction vessel to rapid oscillations of circular or elliptical form with a frequency of some hundreds to some thousands per minute and an amplitude of e.g. 5 mm.  The apparatus may comprise tubes arranged in series or parallel, and may contain loose balls or grinding bodies. The illustrated embodiment comprises concentric tubes a, b, and is mounted on flexible supports H and caused to oscillate by means of an unbalanced rotating mass G.  The invention is applicable to the extraction of solids with a solvent, as e.g. bones with benzine or earthnuts with trichlorethylene, also to reactions such as sulphonation, nitration, oxidation, reduction, halogenation, alkylation, arylation, mercerization, condensation, and to hydrogenation particularly of carbon, e.g. lignite.  In the case of hydrogenation the substance may be subjected to the oscillations in admixture with an inert liquid and then transferred to a separate stationary vessel for hydrogenation.  Examples are given of the application of the invention to (1) the nitration of pyrene, (2) the bromination of pyrene, (3) the nitration of acenaphthene, (4) the formation of a brown product by reaction between 3-amino-pyrene, sodium acetate, and tetrachlorobenzoquinone in alcohol, (5) the oxidation of 2 : 1-naphthoxythionaphtnene to 2 : 1-naphthioindigo, (6) the catalytic reduction with hydrogen para-nitraniline and (7) the hydrogenation under pressure of lignite.  Specifications 144,672 and 153,199, [both in Class 86], are referred to.
Patent GB-316233-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to links and chains for conveyors for goods adapted to be poured or shot and links or chains therefor
IPC: B65G19/16
Filed: 1928-02-25
Abstract: 316,233. Redler, A. Feb. 25, 1928. Endless-chain push-plate or scraper and trough conveyers; push-plates and scrapers, construction of; driving-gear; casings.-An endless chain for conveying pulverulent material, grain, &c. en masse comprises a chain or other flexible member with cross arms immovably connected to its longitudinal web which travels in a trough with both runs in the same horizontal plane. Each element of the chain .comprises a longitudinal web 6, Fig. 2, and two integral cross-members 5, the upper surfaces of which are inclined. A pivot pin 7 is provided at one end of each web 6 and an upstanding projection 12 containing a socket 9 at the other. A ring-shaped projection 8 at the base of the pivot 7 has a portion a cut away over an angle which is somewhat greater than 90‹. A sector-shaped groove 10 formed in the end of the web concentric with the socket extends through an angle of 90‹ and receives the projection 8. The trough 14, Fig. 4, is divided into parallel channels 16, 17 by a vertical partition 15, and is provided with a cover 18, Fig. 3. The projections 12 are engaged by the ends of the arms 22 of a star-wheel 20 which is driven through bevel gears 23, 24. In a modification cross-arms are provided at one side only of the chain, and the end sprocket wheels are provided with upper and lower flanges between which pass the webs and cross-arms. Regulating devices as described in Specification 243,552, [Class 34 (ii), Drying, systems &c.], may be placed in the trough, and cleaning or discharging devices as described in that Specification may be provided. Specifications 169,262 and 243,770 also are referred to.
Patent GB-876633-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing salts of quaternary ammonium monoazo dyes
IPC: C09B29/033
Filed: 1958-02-25
Abstract: Alkyl arylazopyridinium or alkyl arylazoquinolinium salts are prepared by heating a 2- or 4-amino-pyridine or -quinoline with an aromatic nitrosoamino compound in a non-polar solvent in the presence of potassium hydroxide while azeotropically distilling water as formed, followed by quaternization of the resulting azo compound with an alkylating agent.  The amino group of the nitroso-amino compound may be substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, substituted alkyl and/or cycloalkyl groups or may be part of a heterocyclic ring.  The monoazo dyes prepared by the process are used to dye polyacrylonitrile fibres in violet shades.  Specified starting materials are 4-aminopyridine, 2-amino- 3- or -4- or -5-methylpyridine, 4-amino-2- or -3-methylpyridine, 2- or 4-amino-3-ethyl-6-methylpyridine, 2- or 4-amino-2- or -4-ethylpyridine, 2-amino-5-chloro-or -ethoxy-pyridine, 2-amino-3 : 5-dichloropyridine, 2- or 4-aminoquinoline, 2-amino-8-ethoxyquinoline, 2-amino-4, 5, 6, 7 or 8-methylquinoline; 4-nitroso- N : N-diethylaniline, 4-nitroso-N-methyl-N-b -cyanoethyl-aniline, 4-nitroso- 3-methoxy- N-methyl- N-mb -cyanoethyl-aniline and 4-nitroso- N-methyl- N-phenyl-aniline.  In an example a mixture of xylene, potassium hydroxide and 2-aminopyridine is refluxed under nitrogen, a solution of p-nitroso-dimethylaniline in xylene is added and the mixture refluxed with removal of water. The mixture is extracted with hydrochloric acid, the acidity of the extract reduced by the addition of sodium hydroxide, by-product p : p1-bisdimethyl-aminoazoxybenzene removed by filtration, and the monoazo dye precipitated by rendering the extract alkaline. The monoazo compound is quaternized by heating in toluene with dimethyl sulphate.  In further examples 2-aminopyridine is replaced by 2-amino- 6-methylpyridine and p-nitrosodimethylaniline by 4-nitroso- 3-methyl-N : N-dimethylaniline and 4-nitroso- 3-ethoxy-N : N-diethylaniline.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 793,587.
Patent GB-345780-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical condensers
IPC: H01G4/255
Filed: 1930-02-24
Abstract: 345,780. Condensers. IGRANIC ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., 147, Queen Victoria Street, London, and PAYMAN, H. S., 130, Hurst Grove, Bedford. Feb. 24, 1930, No. 6129. [Class 38 (ii).] In a condenser having two separate armatures 1, 2, a further armature 6 separated from the plates 1, 2 by dielectric 4, 5 and common to each of the separate condensers thus formed, acts as an outer casing or covering. In Fig. 1, the outer plate is in the form of a flattened tube. In modification two plates electrically connected by rivets are used. In a further modification, Fig. 6, provision is made for varying the capacity by alteration of the pressure on the inner plates 1, 2 and dielectrics 3, 4, 5 by means of a screw 6d mounted in a metal housing 6c.
Patent GB-1211336-A (GB)
Title: Polymerisation of vinyl chloride at low temperature
IPC: C08F14/06
Filed: 1969-02-05
Abstract: 1,211,336. Vinyl chloride bulk polymerization catalysts. PRODUITS CHIMIQUES PECHINEY-SAINT-GOBAIN. 5 Feb., 1969 [7 Feb., 1968], No. 6236/69. Heading C3P. Vinyl chloride is bulk polymerized in the presence of (a) an alpha-halogenated diacyl peroxide and (b) an organoaluminium compound. The process is performed in the substantial absence of oxygen and at -100 to + 20 C. In examples, vinyl chloride is homopolymerized and copolymerized with vinyl acetate, propylene or trifluorochloroethylene in bulk in the presence of (a) monochloro-acetyl-, alpha - chlorocaproyl-, alpha - chlorolauroyl-, or alpha,alpha - dichloropropionyl peroxide, and (b). Et 3 Al, i-Bu 3 Al, Et 2 AlCl, i-Bu 2 AlH or a mixture of i-Bu 2 AlH and Et 3 Al.
Patent GB-139778-A (GB)
Title: Improved cupping-glass
IPC: A61M1/00
Filed: 1920-03-02
Abstract: 139,778. Lebertre, J., and Gonnet, A. Dec. 24, 1913, [Convention date]. Cupping-appliances.-A glass of the kind in which a vacuum is produced by a suction pump is provided with a non-return valve closing automatically when the pump is removed from the glass. The graduated glass cap a is gripped between the head b of the valve body f and a nut d, washers c, e being interposed. The valve member g which engages with a seating in the body is provided with a stem h extending through a valve cap and surrounded by a compression spring k. The valve-cap j is formed with a conical nozzle l carrying a leather or rubber ring l<1> and adapted to make close contact with the nipple n which is integral with the fixed piston of the suction pump o. The piston is formed with finger rings q and the movable barrel of the pump with similar rings p. The valve g closes automatically when the pump is removed, but the vacuum in the cup may be broken when desired by pulling the projecting end i of the valve stem. In modifications, a rigid curved tube or a flexible tube may be interposed between the pump and the valve cap, or the valve may be situated at the side of the cup a.
Patent GB-271963-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cameras and like optical projection devices
IPC: G02B13/10
Filed: 1926-03-06
Abstract: 271,963. Ponting, H. G., and Ford, G. W. March 6, 1926. Optical-projection systems.-Distorted pictures are produced by the addition of a prism or prisms to an ordinary optical projection apparatus or camera, the distortion being lineal in one direction and increased or decreased in relation to dimensions at right-angles thereto. In front of the lens 12 are mounted two narrow angle prisms 13, 14 carried in a frame rotatable in a sleeve 16. The angles of the prisms are of the order of 15‹ and 20‹, and the prism 13 is so mounted that the normal to its central plane is inclined to the optical axis at about 20‹. The other prism 14 is inclined as shown, so that its central plane is inclined to that of the prism 13 at an angle of slightly less than 90‹. Rotation of the prisms is effected by a worm-gear 21. The sleeve 16 may be tilted about the pivot 22. When two prisms are used they are made of glass having different refractive indices to maintain achromatism.
Patent GB-743533-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to multiple beam aerial arrangements
Inventor: RAMSAY JOHN FORREST
IPC: H01Q25/00
Filed: 1953-03-06
Abstract: 743,533. Directive radio systems. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Feb. 22, 1954 [March 6, 1953], No. 6342/53. Class 40 (7). A directive aerial system in which a plurality of primary elements are associated with a lens or other objective has focal surfaces of the objective in two or more physically separate regions due to the use of polarized mirror means positioned behind the objective and one or more elements are arranged in each focal region. Fig. 2 shows the use of a polarized M to obtain two focal regions FP<SP>1</SP> and FP<SP>2</SP> in one of which is a primary element horn F<SP>2</SP> receiving that component of the divided energy polarized in one plane and in the other primary elements Fl and F3 receiving that component of the energy polarized in a plane at rightangles to the first. As is indicated by the dotted images of F<SP>1</SP> and F<SP>3</SP> in the FP<SP>1</SP> plane the arrangement of the invention enables physically larger primary elements to be used. By separating out the primary elements, too, the problem of making the required connections to them is simplified. In a more complex system (Fig. 3) wherein a two dimensional array of primary elements is used L<SP>1</SP> is a field lens and polarized mirror M<SP>1</SP> divides the energy received between paths through condenser lenses C<SP>1</SP> and C2. These are followed by further polarized mirror energy dividers M<SP>2</SP> and M<SP>3</SP> so that in all four physically separate focal regions are formed. One way of locating the primary elements is shown, the large dots representing elements actually present at the particular location and the smaller dots images of elements in other focal regions. This system may be used in connection with a radar system. If only one primary element is placed in each focal region, each slightly displaced in different directions off the axis of the system, a suitable aerial system for a direction finder is provided. In such an arrangement the mirrors M<SP>1</SP>, M<SP>2</SP>, M<SP>3</SP> may be quite small and the lenses omitted. Systems according to the invention may be used with energy of different frequencies which in a simple system have focal planes at different distances behind the objective. By dividing the energy the primary element or elements for one frequency can be provided in a position that does not interfere with the energy reception by the element or elements for the other frequency (Fig. 4, not shown). A modification in which the elements in the separate regions are at different distances from the objective can be used for determining distance in a short range radar system because waves from near objects are brought to a focus further away from the objective than those from more distant ones.
Patent GB-298035-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to machines for grinding rolls
IPC: B24B5/16
Filed: 1928-02-29
Abstract: 298,035. Churchill Machine Tool Co., Ltd., and Asbridge, H. H. Feb. 29, 1928. Rollers, treating.-In a machine for grinding rollers having a parallel, a convex, or a concave form, the roller n is mounted for rotation on a support l pivoted at m to a table a, which is reciprocated on the machine bed by a rack band a pinion d. The support l is oscillated on its pivot, to give the required longitudinal contour to the work, by a second rack c, slidable in the table and driven by a pinion e, and having attached thereto a block g slidable on the table a and carrying an adjustable grooved disc i. The groove in the disc is engaged by the end of a lever j, which also engages and oscillates the support l, the extent of oscillation depending on the angular setting of the groove in the disc i; a link q and a second lever r ensure correct movement of both ends of the support. In place of the rack gearing, screw gearing or a hydraulic drive may be used.
Patent GB-431325-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to metal windows
IPC: E06B3/12
Filed: 1935-02-28
Abstract: 431,325. Double casement windows; frames. KOZICZ, J., 45, Wiedner Hauptstrasse, Vienna. Feb. 28, 1935, No. 6394. Convention date, March 1, 1934. [Class 20 (iii)] Window sashes for casement or other windows are formed of two sheet-metal members 1<1>, 1<11> joined together so as to form an opensided sash 1, and connected by flanges 11 in the plane of the window riveted or welded together. Where contacting with the frame, the free edges of the sash may be bent double at 3, 4. One of the connected flanges 11 may be bent over the edge of the second one.
Patent GB-343328-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid and the like
IPC: B67D3/00
Filed: 1930-02-26
Abstract: 343,328. Delivering liquids in measured quantities. ROBERTSON, J. W., Rutherstone, Cornwall Road, Cheam, Surrey. Feb. 26, 1930, No. 6431. [Class 106 (v).] Admission to and discharge from a measuring chamber 1 is controlled by a member having upper and lower valve faces 8, 9. Guide ribs 12, 13 at right angles to each other project from the valve faces ; the lower rib 13 is engaged by a cross-pin 17 which moves in slots in the nozzle 3 and is attached to a hand-lever 16. An air-tube 15 is connected into the chamber wall adjoining the inclined upper portion 21. A rubber sleeve 5 affords a liquid-tight seal for the bottle 6. A carrier 22 with brackets 4, 6 is provided.
Patent GB-1203535-A (GB)
Title: Paperboard slitting device
IPC: B23D35/00
Filed: 1969-02-06
Abstract: 1,203,535. Cutting apparatus. HARRISINTERTYPE CORP. 6 Feb., 1969 [16 Feb., 1968], No. 6441/69. Heading B4B. An apparatus for slitting paperboard comprises a shaft 24 supporting a plurality of serrated edge blades 28, 30, 32 and a brush roll 40 having bristles positioned so as to have an interference fit with the cutting edges of the blades whereby corrugated paperboard may be slit as it passes between the brush roll and blades. The serrated blades 28, 30, 32 are provided with hubs 34, 36 so that the blades may be adjusted along the shaft and set by screws in the hubs. A further two cutting shafts may be provided, the three shafts either be driven by a common motor or each shaft having its own motor. The brush roll 40 is covered with bristles made from nylon. A doctor bar 44, Fig. 2, may be provided in order to eliminate the formation of grooves in the brush roll.
Patent GB-1143899-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of printed circuits
IPC: H05K3/18
Filed: 1968-02-09
Abstract: 1,143,899. Printed circuits. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 9 Feb., 1968 [17 Feb., 1967], No. 6449/68. Heading H1R. [Also in Division C7] A printed circuit is made by a method comprising the steps of depositing a copper film on an activated surface of insulating material, oxidizing the copper film, masking the regions of the oxidized film which cover areas of the insulating material not carrying the final conductor pattern, removing the unmasked oxidized copper film to expose the activated surface of the insulating material and electrolessly depositing metal on the exposed surface. A fibre glass, impregnated with epoxy resin, substrate 10 has its surface roughened and cleaned and then activated by a sensitizer consisting of 30 g. stannous chloride and 10 ml. concentrated hydrochloric acid per litre of water for 10 seconds followed by treatment with an activator of 0.1 g. palladium dichloride and 10 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid per litre of water for 15 to 30 seconds. The activated surface is then immersed in an electroless copper solution for 5 minutes comprising 5 parts by volume of an aqueous solution of 170 g./1. Rochelle salts (NaKC 4 H 4 O 6 H 2 O), 35 g./l. CuSO 4 .5H 2 0, 50 g./1. NaOH, 30 g./1. Na 2 CO 3 , 5 ml./1. sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid mixed with 1 part by volume of a 37% solution of formaldehyde in methanol to produce a copper film covering the surface of the substrate. The copper film is then oxidized to cupric oxide by 1 Ib./gallon aqueous solution of equal parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite at 200 F. to form layer 12. After coating with a photo-sensitive resist material the resist is exposed to light through a positive transparency so that areas 13 which are to be non-conductive in the printed circuit are exposed to light and harden. The exposed cupric oxide in the areas between the areas 13 are then etched away and the substrate is again immersed in an electroless copper solution, the exposed surfaces still containing preserved nucleation centres and after heating the circuit elements 15 are produced either by further immersion in an electroless solution or electroplating. The hardened resist may then be removed or left. Instead of depositing copper on the exposed activated surfaces between the resist area nickel, palladium, cobalt, gold, silver, tin and rhodium may be electrolessly deposited instead. The substrate 10 may be glass, ceramic, pyroceram or plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate, tetrafluorethylene, acetates, nylon, polyalkylacrylates and epoxy resin/glass laminates.
Patent GB-566797-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of piston-rings
IPC: C21D9/40
Filed: 1943-04-22
Abstract: 566,797. Making piston rings. CYLINDER COMPONENTS, Ltd., and WILLIAMS, G. April 22, 1943, No. 6523. [Class 83 (ii)] [Also in Group II] Piston rings having an acicular structure are produced by casting a piston-ring pot or cylinder from iron containing 2.5-3.5 per cent of carbon and 0.5-1.5 of molybdenum, cooling the casting relatively slowly so that the structure obtained is mainly pearlitic, machining the pot or cylinder and parting off or dividing the rings, heating the rings, while they are held expanded to the correct shape, to 850-950‹ C., rapidly cooling them to 250-350‹ C. and maintaining them at that temperature sufficiently long, e.g. 1-5 hours, to allow the desired acicular structure to be formed. The cast-iron may also contain one or more of the following: 0-1.0 of chromium, 0.5-1.5 of nickel, 0.5-1.5 of copper and 0.0-0.5 of aluminium. The heating may be carried out in an electric furnace, the rings being then transferred to another chamber where they are cooled to 250-350‹ C. and then maintained at that temperature by heated air forced into the chamber.