baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20020045459-A (KR)
Title: The carrier of linear motion guide
Inventor: SONG CHEON BOK
IPC: F16C29/04
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A carrier for linear motion guide is provided to prevent abrasion of carrier and improve load supporting capability of carrier by increasing the area of nut contacting the carrier. CONSTITUTION: A carrier comprises a nut insertion groove(10) formed at the upper portion of a carrier block(4); a circular nut(20) inserted into the nut insertion groove in such a manner that the nut is rotatable but restricted in the position movement in a transverse direction, wherein the circular nut has an eccentric coupling hole(22) eccentric at a central point(21); a rotation guide hole(30) perforated at the center of bottom of the nut insertion groove of the carrier block; a screw release prevention mechanism(40) constituted by a screw hole(41) perforated at the circular nut, and a screw(42) to be coupled to the screw hole; and a coupling bolt(50) coupled to the eccentric coupling hole, and which has a wrench hole(52) formed at a head portion(51) of the coupling bolt.
Patent KR-20010016440-A (KR)
Title: The apparatus for processing of Raster-to-Block converting data
Inventor: KIM SANG YEON
IPC: H04N7/01
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for processing raster-block conversion data is provided to make as one chip with raster-block conversion, image compression and USB, and to use low-cost external memory(DRAM or SDRAM) as a buffer for storing compressed images and raster images. Raster-block conversion and memory are driven by input clock frequency. An image signal processing part is driven by four divided clock frequency. An image compressing part is driven by two divided clock frequency. Therefore, real-time processing is possible with only one memory regardless of size of image. Size of a chip is reduced. CONSTITUTION: Four-divided clock frequency(12MHz) is inputted into an image signal processor(210). The image signal processor(210) interpolates image signal of 12MHz 8 bit layer format inputted from a CMOS image sensor(202) to 24 bit RGB. Therefore, the image signal is transformed to luminance/color difference data fitting JPEG input. A raster-block converting part(204) receives the luminance/color difference data output from the image signal processor(210), stores the luminance/color difference data in an external memory(246), and reads the raster image stored in the external memory(246) as image of block unit for compression. An image compressing part(270) compresses the block image data output from the raster-block converting part(204) to JPEG(joint photographic coding experts group) or MPEG. The image compressing part(270) operates in two divided clock(24MHz) of an input frequency. A memory(246) executes reading/writing raster image and compressed image in corresponding area. The raster image and compressed image were inputted through the raster-block converting part(204) which stores image compressed by the image compressing part(270) in an external memory(246) again.
Patent KR-20010016443-A (KR)
Title: molding and carrying out device for negative screw
Inventor: LEE JONG OH
IPC: B23G1/00
Filed: 2000-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A female screw molding and taking out apparatus is provided to mold female screws regardless of the depth of a molded female screw and to take out the female screws from a die. CONSTITUTION: A female screw molding and taking out apparatus comprises: a sleeve(40) having front and rear end slope portions and for molding female screws; a core pin(50) selectively inserted to and separated out from the sleeve; a sleeve housing(70); an elastic member(60) of which one end is in contact with the sleeve housing while the other end is in contact with the circumference of the sleeve, and applying resilience into the sleeve; and a housing cover(80) attached on the sleeve housing. The female screws are molded regardless of the depth of the female screws, and taken out of the die. Herein, the female screws are taken out by the movement of the core pin causing expansion and contraction of the sleeve.
Patent KR-20020046380-A (KR)
Title: Method for the making of construction panel
Inventor: KANG DONG WON
IPC: E04C2/24
Filed: 2000-12-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of panel for building is provided to obtain a good moisture-proof, isolation and soundproofing. Especially, it provides a panel which is not generate gas in case of fire. CONSTITUTION: The manufacturing method of panel for building comprises a step for supplying mineral wool(1) in the form of a roll or a mat; a step for supplying inorganic coating plate materials(2) with applying an inorganic adhesive from a surface of the mineral wool; a step for passing through compression rollers to bond the mineral wool(1) and the inorganic coating plate materials(2); a step for making cores(10) by cutting the mineral wool(1) on which the inorganic coating plate materials(2) are adhered in a certain size and a length; a step for making isolate plate materials by continuously bonding the cores(10) with the inorganic adhesive while the inorganic coating plate materials(2) are facing the width direction of a panel and; a step for bonding boards to an upper and a bottom surfaces of the isolate plate materials. The panel for building made by forgoing process is light in weight and strong. Moreover, the panel does not generate a poisonous gas in fire.
Patent KR-20020047850-A (KR)
Title: Method for forming of semiconductor memory device
Inventor: KO JAE HONG
IPC: H01L21/3205
Filed: 2000-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A formation method of semiconductor memory devices is provided to decrease a manufacturing temperature and to prevent a bowing by forming an SOG(Spin On Glass) as an interlayer dielectric using a PPP(Pre-Poly Plug) structure. CONSTITUTION: After forming gates by depositing and etching a poly layer(110), a tungsten silicide(120) and a nitride(130) on a semiconductor substrate(100), nitride spacers(140) are formed on both sidewalls of the gates. Then, a high temperature oxide is deposited on the resultant structure and a first photoresist is selectively deposited on a peripheral region(B). After performing an etching, a poly layer(170) is deposited on the entire surface of the resultant structure. After completely removing the high temperature oxide and the poly layer(170) except for the poly layer(170) between the gates on a cell region(A), an SOG(190) as an interlayer dielectric is deposited on the resultant structure. Then, a thermal treatment is performed on the SOG(190). At this time, the temperature of the SOG(190) is decreased to apply no influence to a transistor characteristic.
Patent KR-20010098376-A (KR)
Title: 육상 가스 터빈 장치 및 피크 전력 성능 보장 방법
IPC: F01D25/12
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: 육상 가스 터빈 장치는 일체식 압축기(110, 210)와, 상기 일체식 압축기로부터의 공기와 연료가 공급되는 연소기(112, 212)를 구비하는 터빈(114, 214)과, 전기를 발생하기 위해 터빈에 작동식으로 연결된 발전기(132, 232)를 포함하며, 상기 터빈내의 고온 가스 경로 성분 부품은 외부 압축기(136, 236)에 의해 공급된 냉각 공기에 의해 적어도 부분적으로 냉각된다.  또한, 본 발명의 피크 전력 성능 보장 방법은 ⓐ 냉각 공기의 적어도 일부분을 상기 일체식 압축기(110, 210)로부터 터빈내의 상기 고온 가스 경로 부분으로 공급하는 단계와, ⓑ 상기 외부 압축기(236)로부터의 상기 냉각 공기의 나머지 부분을 공급하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20020048471-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO YONG GYO
IPC: F02M21/04
Filed: 2000-12-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A gas mixer is provided to prevent a starter from stopping caused by the swirl of intake air. CONSTITUTION: An air duct(22) is formed on the center of a body(21). A throttle valve(30) is formed on the air duct(22) for controlling intake air and gas amount. A gas passage(23) is formed on one side of the body(21), and guides the gas introduced from a gas inlet(24) to the front of the throttle valve(30). An air guide(40) is formed on the front of the throttle valve(30), and guides the intake air to the outside of the throttle valve(30). A nozzle(25) is formed by extending the gas passage(23), and guides the gas introduced through the gas passage(23) to the front of the throttle valve(30).
Patent KR-20020049763-A (KR)
Title: A polyester resin composite using the upper and lower coating paint
Inventor: BAE HYO GEUN
IPC: C08L67/02
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a polyester resin composition serving both as a finish paint and a primer, which is excellent in corrosion-resistance, adhesive ability, flexibility, hardness, gloss, and weather-resistance. CONSTITUTION: The polyester resin composition contains 5-50pts.wt.(based on polyfunctional acids of 100pts.wt.) of adipic acid, 5-60pts.wt.(based on polyhydric alcohol of 100pts.wt.) of bisphenol A(formula 1) or bisphenol A-based ethylene(or propylene)(formula 2), and 3-40pts.wt.(based on the polyhydric alcohol of 100pts.wt.) of a compound(formula 3). In the formula 2, R is C2-C3 alkylene and a and b are each 1 or 2. In the formula 3, R is C4-C6 alkylene and n is an integer of more than 1.
Patent KR-20020052246-A (KR)
Title: Device and the method for fuel capacity controlling of diesel engine in vehicle
Inventor: MUN HA SEON
IPC: F02B37/18
Filed: 2000-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and method for controlling fuel amount of a diesel engine are provided to prevent the instantaneous excessive supply of the fuel amount by controlling a bypass valve according to the pressure rise of a booster when a vehicle is suddenly accelerated. CONSTITUTION: In a device for controlling fuel amount of a diesel engine, a booster composite port(10) is installed between a turbocharger and a booster pressure port. A pressure sensor(20) is installed on the booster composite port(10), and detects the pressure of a booster. A bypass valve(30) is installed on the booster composite port(10), and discharges overpressure into the atmosphere according to a control signal.
Patent KR-20020056080-A (KR)
Title: Focusing electrode apparatus for field emmitting display
Inventor: LEE BYEONG JU
IPC: H01J1/30
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A focusing electrode device for a field emission display is provided to obtain distinct image with simple process and low cost without focusing deterioration and insulation breakdown. CONSTITUTION: A focusing electrode device for a field emission display comprises a spacer(78), a focusing electrode(77), a lower plate(73), an insulating layer(74), a cathode electrode(75), and a gate electrode(76). The spacer(78) maintains space between the lower plate(73) and an upper plate. The focusing electrode(77) is formed by coating the spacer(78) with conductive material. The spacer(78) is coated by glass or ceramic compound for insulating except for the area coated with the conductive material. When a potential lower than that of the gate electrode(76) is applied to the focusing electrode(77), an electron beam emitted from the cathode electrode(75) is focused by the lower potential from the focusing electrode(77).
Patent KR-20020056415-A (KR)
Title: Adapter of radio communication system
Inventor: KIM SEONG HYEON
IPC: H01R13/658
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An adaptor of a wireless communication apparatus is provided to reduce the number of insulators, and to omit an insulation tape, thereby reducing the number of components. CONSTITUTION: An inlet(200) connected with an outlet is located on a circuit board(100). At least two lead terminals(210) are installed in a lower part of the inlet. The lead terminals are pierced in the lower part of the circuit board, and are soldered. A shield(300) protects the inlet. An insulator(400) insulates the inlet. The shield covers a lower side of the inlet, and installs a lead terminal(310) on one side. The lead terminal is pierced in the circuit board, and is soldered. The insulator is arranged between the shield and the circuit board, and is coupled surrounding the shield and the inlet.
Patent KR-20020058255-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method for capacitor of semiconductor device
Inventor: KIM HYEOK RYEON
IPC: H01L29/94
Filed: 2000-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A capacitor formation method of semiconductor devices is provided to enhance capacitance by accumulating holes as main carriers to a plate electrode. CONSTITUTION: A capacitor(40) comprises a storage electrode(42), a plate electrode(44) and a dielectric film(46). At this time, the storage electrode(42) and the plate electrode(44) are made of a p-type polysilicon layer. When the capacitor(40) writes "0" data, the storage electrode(42) is applied to 0 volt and the plate electrode(44) is applied to + Vss/2 voltage. Also, the polysilicon layer is formed by ex-situ or in-situ processing.
Patent KR-20020058555-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method of the same
Inventor: JANG YUN GYEONG
IPC: G02F1/136
Filed: 2000-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display and a method of fabricating the liquid crystal display are provided to connect a black matrix to a common electrode line through a metal film so as to prevent generation of static electricity. CONSTITUTION: Black matrix patterns(202) are formed on the first substrate(201), and a color filter(203) is formed between neighboring black matrix patterns. An overcoat layer(204) is formed on the overall surface of the substrate including the color filter. A predetermined portion of the overcoat layer is etched to form a contact hole exposing the surface of the black matrix placed at the marginal portion of a liquid crystal display panel. A metal(206) is deposited on the bottom and side wall of the contact hole. A gate insulating layer(207) is formed on an active area. Data lines(208) are formed on the gate insulating layer at a predetermined interval. A passivation layer(209) is formed on the substrate including the data lines. A pixel electrode(210) is formed on the passivation layer. A common electrode line(211) is formed on a predetermined portion of the marginal portion of the second substrate(201a). Ag paste(212) electrically connects the metal formed on the first substrate with the common electrode formed on the second substrate.
Patent KR-20010021537-A (KR)
Title: 복합 호닝 링
IPC: B24D18/00
Filed: 1998-11-10
Abstract: 본 발명은 호닝 부품과 캐리어 부품을 포함하는 복합 호닝 링에 관한 것으로서, 여기서 상기 양 부품들은 다른 재료로 구성되고 특히 가소성 수지를 함유할 수 있다.  본 발명에 따른 연마재 호닝 부품(1)은, 특히 5% 이하의 저다공성을 가지며, 바람직하게는 섬유 강화 성분을 함유한다.  캐리어 부품은 호닝 부품보다 더 높은 탄성을 갖는다.  캐리어 부품은 탄성적이기 때문에, 이 캐리어 부품에 흡수된 기계 진동과 베어링 진동을 완충시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010023100-A (KR)
Title: 적층 커패시터 ｄｒａｍ 형성 공정
IPC: H01L21/8242
Filed: 1998-08-19
Abstract: 집적 회로 메모리 디바이스 형성 방법이 공개된다. 선호되는 형태로, DRAM 어레이 형성 방법이 기술된다. 발명의 한 태양에 따라, 다수의 연속 능동 영역(24)이 반도체 기판에 대해 형성된다. 다수의 워드 라인(26)과 활성 영역 고립 라인(28)이 연속 능동 영역 위에 형성된다. 절연층(36)이 워드 라인과 능동 영역 고립 라인 위에 형성되고, 공통 마스킹 단계에서 커패시터 접촉 개방부(42)와 비트 라인 접촉 개방부(40)가 절연층 위에 패턴화된다. 이어서, 커패시터 접촉 개방부와 비트 라인 접촉 개방부가 연속 능동 영역 위의 절연층을 통해 에칭된다. 선회되는 예에서, 커패시터 접촉 개방부와 비트 라인 접촉 개방부는 동시에 패턴화되고 에칭된다. 이어서, 전도 물질이 개방부 내에 형성되어, 전도 플러그(46)를 제공한다. 커패시터(62)와 비트 라인(32)이 이때 형성되어, 커패시터 접촉 개방부와 비트 라인 접촉 개방부 내의 전도 플러그와 전기 연결된다.
Patent KR-20010023774-A (KR)
Inventor: MARCUCCIO SEBASTIAN MARIO
IPC: C07F5/02
Filed: 1998-09-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic boronic acid derivatives involving the reaction of an organic compound with diboronic acid in the presence of a Group 8-11 metal catalyst.
Patent KR-20010024746-A (KR)
IPC: A47L5/28
Filed: 1998-12-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuum cleaner (1) comprising a first casing (10) housing dust separation apparatus, a second casing (11) housing at least one filter (21, 23) or other component of the vacuum cleaner (1), a central spine (13) housing at least one conduit and forming part of an airflow path within the vacuum cleaner (1), the first and second casings (10, 11) lying generally parallel to one another and the central spine (13) lying at least partly between the first and second casings (10, 11). Such a construction provides a vacuum cleaner having a more compact profile which enables the vacuum cleaner to be used to clean areas where there is a height restriction, for example underneath furniture.
Patent KR-20010078691-A (KR)
IPC: A61B17/42
Filed: 1999-02-03
Abstract: A device and method are provided for clamping and severing a compressible structure containing a fluid. A clamp having a pair of arms is secured in a clamped position about the structure so that the fluid between the arms is forced outward therefrom. A cutting assembly coupled to the clamp cuts through the pair of arms while in the clamped position to form first and second separated clamps that remain in the clamped position. As a result, the structure is severed and clamped without fluid discharge.
Patent KR-20010041749-A (KR)
IPC: H04M11/00
Filed: 1998-03-09
Abstract: An electronic meter incorporates a TCP/IP protocol suite and an HTTP server (24) to provide two-way access to the meter incorporated into a gateway (20) serving multiple meters connected through a power line or wireless two-way network. The gateway (20) may incorporate an HTTP server (24) for accessing data from multiple meters (40) and for transmission of data to individual meters (40). Other aspects of the disclosed system include the use of a common gateway interface (26) for remote access to meter data and to set meter parameter using HTML forms in HTTP browsers; remote reading and setting of multiple meter parameters using a TCP/IP protocol suite; a TCP/IP protocol suite implemented in designated notes in a CEBus LAN (42) with remote access through TCP/IP (43) to routers and broutes and to individual meters on the LAN; and a SLIP-PPP (21) enabled gateway for remote TCP/IP access (22) through a serial interface to a single or multiple meter parameters.
Patent KR-20010042892-A (KR)
Title: 컴퓨터 및 프로그램 기록매체
IPC: G06F1/00
Filed: 2000-02-21
Abstract: 저작권 주장된 AV 데이터가 일단 애플리케이션 소프트웨어에 주어지면 애플리케이션 소프트웨어가 자유롭게 AV 데이터 기록 등의 처리를 하는 것이 가능하여 저작권을 지킬 수 없다는 문제점이 있다. 
     시스템부(12)와 애플리케이션 소프트웨어부(13)를 구비하고, 디지털 인터페이스(1)로부터 저작권 주장된 암호화 데이터를 도입하고 처리하는 컴퓨터에 있어서, 시스템부(12)는 애플리케이션 소프트웨어부(13)가 저작권을 지키는 데에 있어 정당한 애플리케이션 소프트웨어라고 판정하여, 정당한 것인 경우는 암호화 데이터 키를 애플리케이션 소프트웨어부(13)에 주는 것을 특징으로 하는 컴퓨터.
Patent KR-20010043039-A (KR)
Title: 우레아 또는 아미드 존재하에서 β-락탐 항생제의 제조방법
IPC: C07D499/00
Filed: 1999-04-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 (a)하나 이상의 유기용매내 D-페닐글리신, D-p-히드록시페닐-글리신, D-2(1,4-시클로헥사디엔-1-일)글리신 또는 (2-아미노티아졸-4-일)-(2-메톡시이미노아세트산)을 포함하는 화합물 중 어느 하나의 데인염의 혼합된 무수물로 6-아미노페니실란산, 7-아미노-세팔로스포란산, 7-아미노-3'-데스아세톡시세팔로스포란산 또는 3-클로로-7-아미노데스아세톡시데스메틸세팔로스포란산 또는 그의 유도체의 아실화 반응, 또는 (b)물 및/또는 하나 이상의 유기용매를 포함하는 용액내 미정제의 β-락탐 화합물을 용해 또는 현탁시킴에 의해서 수득되는 β-락탐 화합물의 용액 또는 현탁액에 산을 첨가함에 의해서 수득되는 β-락탐 화합물의 산성용액으로 염기를 첨가하여 결정성 β-락탐 화합물을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것으로서, 
     β-락탐 화합물의 용액 또는 현탁액으로 우레아 또는 그의 유도체 및/또는 아미드 또는 그의 유도체를 첨가하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20010043183-A (KR)
Title: 궐련필터 권취지, 궐련필터 및 필터부착 궐련
IPC: A24D3/04
Filed: 1999-05-11
Abstract: 제 1의 표면과 제 2의 표면을 갖는 종이층을 갖춘 궐련필터 권취지이다. 이 필터 권취지는 개공칩페이퍼를 제 1의 표면상에 중합시켜 측정된 때에 제 1의 중합통기도를 나타내고, 그 개공칩페이퍼를 제 2 표면에 중합시켜 측정된 때에 제 2의 중합통기도를 나타낸다. 제 1의 중합통기도는 제 2의 중합통기도보다도 높다.
Patent KR-20010052779-A (KR)
IPC: A46B3/06
Filed: 1999-06-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a toothbrush comprising a handle, a head in the form of an elongated housing which is open on one side, a brush part removably inserted in said housing and having a support with bristles mounted thereon. On the rear side of the support, the inventive toothbrush has a projection penetrating in an opening located in the rear part of the housing. The support with said projection is composed of an elastic rubber material which enables elastic sealing against said housing and with its projection sealing against the opening. The brush part can be ejected from the housing by applying pressure on the projection through elastic deformation of said support. The bristles are fixed to the support by welding or injection.
Patent KR-20010074551-A (KR)
Title: Electronic watermark detecting/inserting device
Inventor: HASHIMOTO MASAHIRO
IPC: H04N19/625
Filed: 2001-01-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an electronic watermark detecting and inserting device which automatically adjust the extent of electronic watermark insertion. CONSTITUTION: This device has an electronic watermark detection part 30 which detects a 1st electronic watermark from the DCT coefficient of an input digital image and outputs an insertion instruction for a 2nd electronic watermark, an electronic watermark insertion part 20 which inserts the 2nd electronic watermark into the input digital image in response to the insertion instruction and outputs an output digital image having the 2nd electronic watermark inserted following the 1st electronic watermark, and a supply part 50 which supplies the DCT coefficient of the output digital image to the electronic watermark detection part 30. The electronic watermark detection part 30 detects the 2nd electronic watermark from the DCT coefficient of the output signal image and outputs a detection result representing the detection extent of the 2nd electronic watermark to the electronic watermark insertion part 20, which adjusts the insertion extent of the 2nd electronic watermark in response to the detection extent represented as the detection result.
Patent KR-20020033486-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor device having bit line landing pad and borderless contact on the bit line stud with localized etch stop layer formed in void region, and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: JUNG HONG SIK
IPC: H01L23/02
Filed: 2001-01-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor device having a bit line landing pad and a borderless contact on a bit line stud with a localized etch stop layer formed in a void region is provided to prevent over-etch, a deteriorated profile and defective step coverage and to reduce a bit defect caused by a contact, by forming etch stop layer pads in the upper region of a stud. CONSTITUTION: The first insulation layer(202) is formed on a substrate(200). The second insulation layer(302) is formed on the first insulation layer. The stud penetrates the first and second insulation layers. The third insulation layer(204) is formed on the uppermost portion of the stud. The first pad is composed of an etch stop layer formed on the stud and under the third insulation layer, formed in the void region made after a part of the second insulation layer is eliminated.
Patent KR-20020066511-A (KR)
Title: methods for recycling red pepper seeds and activated carbon manufactured therefrom
Inventor: KIM HAK HEE
IPC: C01B31/12
Filed: 2001-02-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing activated carbon from red pepper seeds is provided to recycle waste sources. CONSTITUTION: The manufacturing method of activated carbon from red pepper seeds includes the steps of drying red pepper seeds at 300-400 deg.C; heating the red pepper seeds in inert atmosphere at 750-850 deg.C for carbonization; mixing the carbonized red pepper seeds with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as activators; activating the mixture at 700-900 deg.C, followed by washing with water; and drying resultants at 80-130 deg.C.
Patent KR-20010082163-A (KR)
Inventor: GAMBAYASHI HIDEKI
IPC: G03G9/08
Filed: 2001-02-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A developer for electrostatic image development is provided to achieve a developer which exhibits stable charge behavior during printing even when using a polyester resin and does not cause contamination of the inside of the apparatus because of less scattering of the toner, and also facilitates easy maintenance. CONSTITUTION: The developer for electrostatic image development comprises colored resin particles comprising at least a binder resin and a colorant, and a magnetic carrier. A proportion of the colored resin particles having a particle diameter in a range of from 12 micrometers to 16 micrometers, inclusive, in the developer and a specific charge amount of colored resin particles meet the following expression (1): 5.18 + 0.12 x A < B (where A represents a proportion(percent by volume) of colored resin particles having a particle diameter in a range of from 12 micrometer to 16 micrometer, inclusive, and B represents a specific charge amount of colored resin particles having a particle diameter in a range of 12 to 16 micrometers, inclusive).