Patent GB-799758-A (GB)
Title: Terpolymers and compositions containing the same
IPC: C08F22/04
Filed: 1955-12-15
Abstract: A sizing composition for yarns, particularly nylon, comprises an aqueous solution of a terpolymer of vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride in a ratio of from 52 to 48 to 50 to 50 mol. per cent respectively and (a) an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, the amount of said ester being 1 to 30 mol. per cent of the terpolymer, or (b) a styrene having the general formula <FORM:0799758/IV (b)/1> in which each of R, R1 and R2 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, the amount of said styrene being 1.8 to 4.0 mol. per cent of the terpolymer. Humectants, e.g. glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols and polypropylene oxides; oils, including sulphonated animal, mineral and vegetable oils or mixtures thereof and Twitchell oil; acid-stable wetting agents, such as sodium salts of alkyl-substituted benzene sulphonic acids and alkali-metal and ammonium monoalkyl sulphosuccinates, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with an alkylated phenol, or an alkyl mercaptan may be present.  The size may be applied at 100 DEG  to 200 DEG  F., to give a dry weight of terpolymer of 0.5 to 10 per cent, by passing through a solution, by dipping or by spraying, squeezing and drying.  The size may be removed by scouring or soaping in a mild soap solution.ALSO:Terpolymers containing vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride in a ratio of from 52-48 to 50-50 mol. per cent, and either (a) an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in an amount of 1 to 30 mol. per cent of the terpolymer, or (b) a styrene of general formula <FORM:0799758/IV (a)/1> in which R, R1 and R2 is hydrogen or a halogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, in an amount of from 1.8 to 4.0 mol. per cent of the terpolymer are prepared by heating the monomers in three stages in the presence of a free-radial producing catalyst.  The esters in component (b) may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethyl hexyl and octyl esters and the styrenes include a -methyl, a -propyl, a -chloro, a -para-dimethyl styrene, and the mono- and di-ring substituted alkyl and chloro-styrenes wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.  The polymerization may be by a mass or solution method with catalysts such as benzoyl, di-t-butyl peroxides, t-butyl perbenzoate, hydroperoxides, peracetic and perbenzoic acids, azonitriles and tetra alkyl diamino diphenyl methanes, alone or in admixture, by heating in three stages, initiated at 50 DEG  to 70 DEG C., reduced by about 10 DEG  C. and continued for 15 to 25 hours and raised to 150 DEG  to 120 DEG  C. over 30 to 40 hours.  Regulators such as b -nitro styrene or mercaptans may be included to produce resins with viscosities ranging from 7 to 100 centipoises in a 5 per cent aqueous solution.  The clear, water-soluble resins produced may be used as textile sizes, particularly for nylon yarns, or ingredients of coating compositions.  Sizing compositions may include humectants, glycerine, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polyglycerols and polypropylene oxides; oils, such as sulphonated animal, mineral or vegetable and Twitchell oil, and wetting agents such as sodium salts of alkyl substituted benzene sulphonate and alkali-metal and ammonium mono-alkyl sulphosuccinates and condensation products of ethylene oxide and alkylated phenols or alkyl mercaptan.