Patent GB-890691-A (GB)
Title: Stable aqueous dispersions and the production of the same
Inventor: HERRLE KARL
IPC: C08L31/04
Filed: 1960-01-27
Abstract: In the production of aqueous dispersions of solids and liquids there is used as a protective colloid 0,1-20% of the dispersed substance of a copolymer of 40-80 parts of at least one vinyl lactam and 60-20 parts of at least one vinyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having up to four carbon atoms, a part of said ester having been, if desired, saponified to or replaced by polyvinyl alcohol.  Specified vinyl lactams are vinyl pyrrolidone, caprolactam and caprylic lactam. Specified vinyl esters are vinyl formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Specified dispersed substances are mineral and vegetable oils, bituminous substances, natural and synthetic waxes, paraffins, natural resins and plasticisers, but the invention is particularly applicable to the dispersion of synthetic polymers and condensation products (see Group IV(a)).  In addition, Examples 14 and 16 specify as dispersed substances a chloroparaffin and montan wax.  The protective colloids may if desired be added as an aqueous solution to the substances to be dispersed, and the latter may if desired be in the form of a solution in an organic solvent, to which the aqueous phase is added.ALSO:In the production of aqueous dispersions of solids and liquids there is employed as a protective colloid 0,1-20% of the dispersed substance of a colloidally soluble copolymer of 40-80 parts of at least one vinyl lactam and 60-20 parts of at least one vinyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having up to 4 carbon atoms, a part of said ester having been, if desired, saponified to or replaced by polyvinyl alcohol.  Specified vinyl lactams are vinyl pyrrolidone, caprolactam and caprylic lactam; specified vinyl esters are vinyl formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Dispersed substances specified are mineral and vegetable oils, bituminous substances, natural and synthetic waxes, paraffins, natural resins and plasticizers (examples referring to montan wax and a chloroparaffin) and more particularly synthetic polymers and condensation products including polymerizable polyester resins and epoxy resins.  In examples of the latter compounds, various combinations of the abovementioned copolymers are employed to disperse (Example 2) an epichlorhydrin/pentaerythritol condensation product (in this case the resultant dispersion can be hardened by addition of 4:41-diamino-3:31-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane to give a product containing firmly embedded water); (3) a highly viscous polyvinyl isobutyl ether; (4) a condensation product of diphenylolpropane and epichlorhydrin; (5) a polyester resin prepared from maleic acid (1 part), adipic acid (1 part), 1:4-butylene glycol (2 parts) and styrene (30%); (6) a polyester resin prepared from fumaric acid (2 parts), propylene glycol (3 parts) and styrene (65%); (7) a polyester resin prepared from maleic acid (1 part), phthalic acid (2 parts), diethylene glycol (3 parts), styrene (40%) and diallyl phthalate (20%); (8) a polyepoxy compound derived from butane triol and epichlorhydrin; (9) a polyvinyl ethyl ether; (10) a polyvinyl isobutyl ether; (11) two polyvinyl isobutyl ethers of different k-values; (12) a 1:1 mixture of butyl acrylate and vinyl acetate which are thereupon polymerized using 0,2% of potatassium persulphate as catalyst; (13) a resinous condensation product of cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone; (15) a phenol-formaldehyde resole; (17) polyisobutylene.  The protective colloids may if desired be added to the components before polymerization or they may be added as an aqueous solution to the substances to be dispersed, and the latter may if desired be in solution in an organic solvent such as gasoline to which the aqueous phase is added.  These procedures are exemplified in some of the examples mentioned above.