baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1383391-A (GB)
Title: Self-processing photographic film units
Inventor: HARVEY D M
IPC: G03C8/44
Filed: 1972-02-01
Abstract: 1383391 Self-processing photographic units EASTMAN KODAK CO 1 Feb 1972 [1 Feb 1971] 4583/72 Heading G2X A self-processing film unit 5 includes a photosensitive sheet and a process sheet (21, 23) Fig. 2. (not shown), secured in registry and arranged for processing upon the passage of a processing fluid between them, the unit being releasably attached to a backing sheet 3, the arrangement being such that after processing the unit and the backing sheet can be moved along divergent paths. As shown, the film unit has at its leading end a pod 7 containing the processing fluid, and at its trailing end a trap 9 for receiving excess fluid. The backing sheet 3 is chosen so as to have a suitable resilience and flexibility, and may for example be of polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of .005 inch. The pod 7 and trap 9 are permanently secured to the backing sheet 3 but only releasably attached to the unit 5. Forward movement of the unit is effected by frictional engagement with a roller 61, which is rotated by an external handle 63. The pod 7 is ruptured to release the processing fluid by being compressed between roller 61 and a fixed plate 87. The movement of the film unit is initiated by a pair of lever arms 65 which are pivoted as at 67 to the camera body. These lever arms are linked by an arm 69 having a rack portion 71 at its other end to the roller 61, the roller having a gear 73 which engages with the rack. When the unit has been advanced sufficiently to enter the nip between roller 61 and plate 87, an angled extension 75 on the arm 69 engages a fixed cam 77, and is lifted thereby. Thus rack 71 is drawn clear of gear 73, and the arm 69 is free to be drawn back to its original position by a spring 79. At each end the plate 87 has arcuate guiding fingers 81 which are spaced apart sufficiently to allow the photosensitive sheet and the processing or image-recording sheet to pass between them. The slightly wider backing sheet, however, is engaged along its marginal edges by the fingers 81, which causes the backing sheet to be stripped away from the imagerecording sheets and guided downwards in a semicircular path, the image-sheets continuing straight on in the original direction (seen more clearly in Fig. 4 not shown). Two kicker members 103, pivoted on pins 105 and biased clockwise by springs 107, are engaged by the side edges of the backing sheet 3 as it is guided down round roller 61. As the trailing edge of sheet 3 passes free of the kickers, these are pulled back to their original position by springs 107, and thus engage behind and impart an additional push to sheet 3. This, which with the empty pod 7 and trap 9 now constitutes waste material, is impelled into a waste compartment 19 behind the unexposed film units, from which it is separated by a floating plate 68.
Patent GB-1489311-A (GB)
Title: Extrusion process
IPC: B29B7/00
Filed: 1975-02-03
Abstract: 1489311 Extruding billets NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR METALS 3 Feb 1975 [2 Feb 1974] 4588/75 Heading B5A [Also in Division B3] A method of extruding brittle material such as brittle metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, ferrites and ceramics comprises embedding the material 1 in a solid pressure transmitting medium 2, loading the embedded material into the container 3 of an extruder, pressurizing the medium using a plunger 4 and extruding the billet using a plunger 5. The medium may be a powder mixture of molybdenum disulphide, pyrophyllite and talc, a mixture of alumina or magnesia and molybdenum disulphide, or pyrophyllite and talc in lump form. The billet may be magnesium, zirconium, iron alloys with aluminium and silicon, zirconium and rhenium. The extrusion may be hot or cold. If the billet is ferrite it is made by powder metallurgy. Instead of a pressurizing plunger the medium 2 may be pressurized by sliding anvils.
Patent GB-651077-A (GB)
Title: Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel
IPC: C25F3/24
Filed: 1948-02-17
Abstract: 651,077. Polishing stainless steel electrolytically. ALLOY RESEARCH CORPORATION. Feb. 17, 1948, No. 4599. Convention date, Sept. 30, 1942. [Class 41] Stainless steel is polished by being subjected to alternating current electrolytic treatment in a concentrated acid bath which contains nitric acid. The bath may contain by volume 80 per cent or more of nitric acid and the remainder water, or may contain 80 to 110 per cent concentrated nitric acid and 20 to 60 per cent concentrated acetic acid. In the arrangement shown, electric energy is supplied to a bath 10 by way of a transformer 12 connected across a source of alternating current 11. The ends of the transformer are connected to a lead electrode 13 and a stainless steel electrode 14. The electrolyte may be cooled to a temperature ranging from - 12‹ to 15‹ C., by means of a refrigerator coil 15.
Patent GB-977326-A (GB)
Title: Diazo-pyrrole derivatives
IPC: G03C1/54
Filed: 1961-02-08
Abstract: The invention comprises 2-diazopyroles of the formula <FORM:0977326/C1/1> wherein X, Y and Z are the same or different and represent hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, nitro, carboxyl or acetoxy groups, or halogen atoms, or wherein Y and Z together represent a benzenoid ring and X represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, a hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, nitro, carboxyl or acetoxy group, or a halogen atom. The above compounds are prepared either by treating a pyrrole of the formula: <FORM:0977326/C1/2> with excess nitrous acid or by treating a pyrrole of the formula: <FORM:0977326/C1/3> with a nitrosyl derivative of an inorganic acid or with a mixture of an alkyl nitrite and an alkali alkoxide in alcoholic solution to give an intermediate 2-nitrosopyrrole, which is then further reacted with nitrous acid or nitric oxide.
Patent GB-587268-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of ceramic bodies
IPC: C04B33/13
Filed: 1945-12-04
Abstract: A ceramic body, particularly for use in the manufacture of dielectrics for condensers, is made by mixing the powdered ceramic material with polymethylmethacrylate softened by means of a swelling-agent or solvent, shaping the mix, driving off the swelling-agent or solvent and heating to depolymerize and expel the binder and then to a higher temperature to cause the ceramic particles to coalesce.  The polymethylmethacrylate is dissolved or swollen in 4-7 times its volume of monomeric methylmethacrylate, benzene, acetone, or other volatile liquid, and the powdered ceramic material, e.g., rutile is incorporated, the swollen or dissolved polymer forming 75-80 per cent. by volume of the mixture.  After forming the body is dried.  Firing may be carried out in two stages in a single-chamber or two-chamber furnace, the first stage involving heating to 500 DEG C to remove the binder, and the second requiring heating to 1400 DEG C to sinter the ceramic material.
Patent GB-114310-A (GB)
Title: Improved Process and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Polygonal Hollow Masts of Reinforced Concrete.
IPC: B28B7/16
Filed: 1918-03-18
Abstract: 114,310. Beton-Schleuderwerke Akt.- Ges. Solothurn. March 16, 1917, [Convention date]. Moulding pipes and tubes; moulds.-Hollow reinforeed-concrete masts of square, triangular, or polygonal section, which are completely closed, and have one or more cavities formed by transverse partitions, are made by first casting horizontally a portion of the mast in an open-topped mould 1 of the full length in which is inserted one long core 4 or several short cores separated at their ends. The cores may be made divisible to facilitate their removal. When the concrete has set, the cores are removed and thin covers 9 then inserted to close the cavity or cavities, and the upper portion of the mast is cast thereon, the covers being left embedded. The cores are suspended by means of transverse fillets 8 which rest at their ends on the walls of the mould, and longitudinal fillets 6 on the cores form grooves 7 in the mast to receive the thin covers referred to above. The transverse or stirrup reinforcements 2 are placed in the mould before the cores are inserted, and the longitudinal or main reinforcements 3 for the lower portion are secured thereto, the main reinforcements for the upper portion being secured to the projecting ends of the stirrups after the cavities have been closed by the covers. The foot of the mast may be solid, or the upper and lower ends may be closed by a partition or be left open.
Patent GB-706561-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of acetals
IPC: H01B3/46
Filed: 1951-02-28
Abstract: Acetals are prepared by bringing a carboxylic acid halide into intimate contact with hydrogen and an alkyl ester of an ortho acid in the presence of a metallic hydrogenation catalyst of the eighth group of the periodic system.  The reaction may be carried out at normal or super-atmospheric pressure.  The alkyl esters of ortho-silicic and ortho-formic acids are particularly effective, when ortho-silicates and acid chlorides are used the reaction may be represented by the following equation: R.COCl + H2 + Si(OR1)4 --> Si O(OR1)2\t + RCH(OR1)2 + HCl in which R is an aliphatic or aromatic radical and R1 is an alkyl radical.  The reaction may be carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of an inert solvent such as diethyl ether, benzene, decahydronaphthalene, dichlorobenzene or nitrobenzene.  An excess of ester may be used instead of the inert solvent.  When operating in the liquid phase the preferred temperature range is 100 DEG -140 DEG C.  The reaction may also be carried out in the vapour phase in the presence of an inert carrier gas or excess hydrogen and the preferred temperature range is then 200-250 DEG C.  Suitable catalysts are, for example, palladium on silica gel, palladium on barium sulphate, Raney nickel and platinum.  In the reduction of compounds which contain double bonds which are to be maintained, e.g. oleic acid halide, it is advisable to employ metals of the 8th group of the periodic system in conjunction with metals of the 5th and 6th groups, known as catalyst poisons, e.g. arsenic, sulphur, selenium, tellurium or sulphur which has been dissolved in organic solvents, e.g. quinoline.  It is advantageous to treat halogen butyryl halides by the process when halogen butyraldehyde acetals are obtained.  The halides of polybasic carboxylic acids may be used as starting materials and give the acetals of polyvalent aldehydes, e.g. succinic aldehyde acetals or halosuccinic acetals may be obtained by using succinic acid dihalides or halo succinic halides respectively.  The acetals formed may be used as solvents and softeners and acetals of p-nitro-benzaldehyde may be used as a sweetening substance.  In the examples benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, benzaldehyde-diethyl acetal, p-nitrobenzaldehyde-dimethyl acetal, p-nitrobenzaldehyde diethyl acetal, isovaleraldehyde dimethyl acetal, capronaldehyde diethyl acetal, g -chlorobutyraldehyde dimethyl acetal, succindialdehyde tetramethyl acetal and oleicaldehyde-dimethyl acetal are obtained from the corresponding acid halides and the ethyl or methyl esters of orthoformic or orthosilicic acids.
Patent GB-542755-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to means for feeding cards to printing machines
IPC: B65H3/02
Filed: 1941-04-12
Abstract: 542,755. Feeding sheets. CARTER, D. L. April 12, 1941, No. 4895. [Class 100 (i)] A device for attachment to printing-machines for feeding cards thereto which is especially designed to convert a device for feeding sheets of the friction buckling type as used on rotary offset machine such as are sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Rotaprint", is constructed with a reciprocating frictional feeding bar 11 adapted to engage the top of a pile of cards while moving towards the machine and to be maintained free of the pile while moving away from the machine, and the action of the reciprocating hooks used in connection with the known buckling feeder for engaging the pile under the separated sheet is masked by adjustable members 23, 24, Fig. 4, which are set so as to act also upon the underside of the separated sheets to prevent double feed. The bar 11 is carried by a feed bar 10 mounted in a clip 12 provided with a roller 13 which reciprocates over a cam surface 17 attached by screws to the side of the card magazine. The clip is drawn by a spring 14 to maintain the roller 13 on the cam 17 and maintain the bar 11 above the pile during its backward movement, but an inclined surface 18 moves the roller off the cam so that on its return movement it engages and feeds the top card. Other types of frictional feed devices may replace the bar 11 such as rollers restrained by ratchet devices to rotate in one direction only.
Patent GB-372434-A (GB)
Title: Process for separation of acetic anhydride and acetic acid
IPC: C07C51/573
Filed: 1931-02-17
Abstract: Acetic anhydride is separated from mixtures containing acetic acid with or without water by adding an acetate such as sodium acetate which combines with the acetic acid and water, forming a solid compound.  The solid compound may be heated to distil off first the acetic acid and then water or the compound may be heated with a solvent such as benzene at 120-140 DEG  C. under pressure, whereby the acetic acid is set free.  The process may be effected in presence of an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate or sulphur dioxide.  In examples, (1) and (2) a mixture of acetic anhydride and acetic acid and, if desired, cyclohexanol acetate, is shaken with sodium acetate and filtered; (3) a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, water and benzene is shaken with sodium acetate at 5 DEG  C. and filtered, the acetate compound being heated as before; (4) a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and toluene is shaken with potassium acetate, and the mixture is distilled at a pressure of 80 mm. of mercury, the toluene and acetic anhydride distilling over; on raising the temperature to 120 DEG  C. and reducing the pressure to 30 mm., acetic acid of 100 per cent distils off; if an acetic ester is used instead of toluene a similar result is obtained, but the ester distils before the anhydride, so that the anhydride is obtained by itself; (5) a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and toluene is placed in a flask attached to the bottom of a column containing sodium acetate mixed with glass rings and surrounded by a vapour-jacket at 80 DEG  C.; the mixture is distilled at 80 mm. pressure when the anhydride and toluene distil over, and on reducing the pressure and raising the temperature, the acetic acid is obtained; (6) a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and benzene is shaken with calcium acetate and filtered; the acetic acid is recovered by heating the acetate compound at 150-180 DEG  C. Specifications 257,968 and 280,972, [both in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-549361-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to couplings for hose-pipes and other similar pipes
IPC: F16L31/00
Filed: 1941-04-16
Abstract: 549,361. Pipe joints. SMITH, F. E. April 16, 1941, No. 4972. [Class 99 (i)] Sections of hose or similar piping are joined by passing a resilient bulbous end C on one section under compression into a bulbous end E on the other section, the inner bulbous portion expanding into its original shape so as to secure the coupling. Each section of hose may be provide at one end with the resilient bulb C, and at the other end with the outer bulb E of harder material. The inner bulb may have an extension D to enter the pipe portion B of the other section. Abutting collars, F, G may also be provided on the two portions, and interfitting ribs and grooves may be formed, either circumferentially or obliquely, on the two bulbs.
Patent GB-764783-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to drafting mechanism for textile machines
IPC: D01H5/50
Filed: 1955-02-21
Abstract: 764,783. Drafting mechanism. SKF KUGELLAGERFABRIKEN GES. Feb. 21, 1955 [April 7, 1954], No. 5066/55. Class 120 (2). Drafting mechanism for textile machines embodying a top roller. carrier arm reaching over at least part of the drafting mechanism, in which carrier arm there are adjustably mounted top roller holders which can be secured in position and which are provided with means for weighting the top rollers and preferably carry the top rollers by means of pivotally mounted guide arms is characterized in that the top roller carry arm is provided with fixture means for retaining in position therein a selected top roller holder, preferably the middle one if there are three, and is further characterized in that the other top roller holder or holders have extensions which, at the widest top roller setting, reach at least as far as the fixture means so that all of the top. roller holders can be retained in position by the one fixture means which secures the said extensions to the selected top roller holder. In the arrangement shown bottom rollers 11, 12 and 13 are mounted in slides 70, 71, and 72 which can be adjusted on the roller stand 10. The stand 10 carries a bracket 15 which in turn pivotally carries a top roller carrier arm 17 by means of a bolt 18. A catch 19 is provided for retaining the carrier arm 17 in its operative position. The arm 17 is of inverted channel section and is formed with an upper ledge 171 and recesses 172 which form carrying and guiding means for a middle slide 27 which is adjustable thereon in a fore-and-aft direction. This slide 27 carries and loads the middle top roller 21. The slide 27 is also provided with stop means 273 and 301 which limits downward pivotal movement of the roller guide arm 30 when the carrier arm 17 is pivoted upwards. In front of and behind the middle slide 27 there are positioned a front slide 26 and a rear slide 28 each of which is formed so as to be slidable in the arm 17. These two further slides have extensions 264 and 284 which overlap the top web 271 of the slide 27. For top roller setting adjustment the slides are moved on the ledges 171 and recesses 172 of the carrier arm 17 so that the extensions 264 and 284 and the web 271 slide on each other. For retaining the slides in the chosen position there is provided, screwed into the top of the carrier arm 17, a screw 32 which clamps the extensions 264, 284 on to the web 271 of the slide 27. In other embodiments cam means and lever means are used to clamp the slides in their operative position.
Patent GB-640322-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermostatic regulators for electric heating elements
IPC: H01H61/08
Filed: 1948-02-20
Abstract: 640,322. Thermal switches. BREVETS ET PROCEDES PYROR SOC. ANON. Feb. 20, 1948, No. 5067. Convention date, Feb. 21, 1947. [Class 38(v)] In a thermal switch, a bimetallic strip actuates a mercury switch by means of a flexible connection, the effective length of which may be altered to permit adjustment. of the switch. The mercury switch 4 is carried by a support 7 which is pivoted at 8 and biassed by a spring 9 to the "on" position. The flexible connection 11 is attached at one end to the support 7 and after passing around a pulley 13 on the free end of the bimetallic strip 10, is fixed at its other end to a hand-actuated adjusting member 12 having a knob 15 with scale 16. Rotation of the member 12 alters the effective length of the connection 11 to control the percentage time the switch is "on". The strip 10 is heated by an element 10<SP>1</SP> which may be connected in series with or in parallel to the circuit to be controlled. It is stated that the sensitivity of the switch is greater at one end of its range when the element 10<SP>1</SP> is connected in series and at the other end of its range when the element 10<SP>1</SP> is connected in parallel to the circuit to be controlled. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also states that as the mercury switch 4 is not symmetrical in shape, by reversing its position, i.e. by turning it end-to-end, the sensitivity may be altered in manner similar to that above. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-575539-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in taps for use in milking machine installations
IPC: A01J5/04
Filed: 1943-04-01
Abstract: 575,539. Plug - cocks. ALFA-LAVAL CO., Ltd., and CLARK, T. L. April 1, 1943, No. 5235. [Class 135] An angle tap particularly adapted for use in mechanical milking installations has the nipple branch 2 of the tap formed integral with or rigidly secured to the rotating barrel or plug of the tap so as to constitute both the nipple connection for a flexible pipe and the operating element oi the tap. The two positions of the tap are determined by a stop 6 working in a segmental recess 7 in the casing. The plug is arranged with the axis of the plug horizontal and nipple branch depending vertically when the cock is open.
Patent GB-389264-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to adhesive tape or plaster and the method of manufacture thereof
IPC: A61F13/02
Filed: 1932-02-22
Abstract: Adhesive tape or plaster comprises a backing of sheeted material such as paper, regenerated cellulose or cellulose derivatives, spread with a plastic adhesive such as rubber on which is superposed a facing sheet having spaced openings, through which the adhesive exudes. Preferably the backing and the facing sheet are of the same material.
Patent GB-661220-A (GB)
Title: An improved corkscrew
IPC: B67B7/04
Filed: 1949-09-15
Abstract: 661,220. Corkscrews. TOPPING, W. H. Sept. 15, 1949, No. 5282/49. Class 125(ii) A corkscrew consists of a helical spring A attached to a handle B by the top coil D of the helix, the spring being closely wound for a substantial part C of its length near the handle, and relatively steeply wound for the remainder of its length.
Patent GB-1059674-A (GB)
Title: Novel unsaturated aldehydes
IPC: C07C47/20
Filed: 1963-11-13
Abstract: The invention comprises unsaturated aldehydes of the general formula <FORM:1059674/C2/1> in which R is an alkoxycarbonyl group.  Of particular interest are those in which the alkyl group in the alkoxy-carbonyl group is a C1-C4 alkyl group.  In an example, 3-methyl - pente - (2) - yn - (4) - ol - (1) is treated with a Grignard reagent prepared from magnesium and ethyl bromide and the product is treated with ethyl orthoformate; the 1,1-diethoxy - 4 - methyl - hexen - (4) - yn - (2) - ol-(6) thus obtained is catalytically hydrogenated to give 1,1 - diethoxy - 4 - methyl - hexadien-(2,4)-ol-(6) which is hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid to give 4-methyl-6-hydroxy-hexadien-(2,4)-al-(1); this is treated with diethoxycarbonyl - ethylidene - triphenyl phosphorane; and the 2,6 - dimethyl - 8 - hydroxy - octatrien - (2,4,6) - acid - (1 - ethyl ester so obtained is oxidized with manganese dioxide to give 2,6-dimethyl - 8 - oxo - octatrien - (2,4,6) acid-(1)-ethyl ester. The other new unsaturated aldehydes may be made similarly.
Patent GB-1249622-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of polyolefinic compounds
Inventor: KELLY JOE T
IPC: C07C1/00
Filed: 1970-02-04
Abstract: 1,249,622. Polyolefins. MARATHON OIL CO. 4 Feb., 1970, No. 5289/70. Heading C5E. Polyolefins are produced by pyrolysis of an olefin-haloether adduct in the vapour phase in the presence of a molecular sieve. A diluent may be present, particularly steam. The molecular sieve is suitably a Y-type zeolite, which may be promoted with ZnCl 2 , CnCl 2 , LiCl LiBr, LiF or HC1, or may be diluted with inert packing, e.g. carborundum. Numerous olefins and haloethers whose adducts may be pyrolysed are specified, and the examples relate to the production of isoprene from 3-chloro-3-methylbutyl methyl ether (the adduct of isobutylene and chloromethyl methyl ether). In Example 1, a small amount of 2-vinyl-1,3-butadiene is also produced from 1,5-dimethoxy-3-methyl-3-chloropentane present in the feed by virtue of its preparation. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 1,111,193.