Patent GB-190920173-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the Construction of Wings or Organs for the Sustention and Flight of Aerial Vessels or Flying Machines.
Inventor: TATTERSALL WILLIAM
IPC: B64C3/48
Filed: 1909-09-03
Granted: 1910-08-18
Abstract: 20,173. Tattersall, W. Sept. 3. Planes, construction of; steering and balancing.- Relates to wings or other sustaining - members of aerial machines, with or without aerostats, which are (1) constructed of a braced framing fitted with tightening - devices for varying their curvature, and may be formed of a front fixed part and a rear hinged part and be made in detachable sections placed side by side, means being provided for stretching the coveriogmaterial; (2) provided with springs for governing their pivotal movements, so that the wings automatically adjust themselves to the most suitable position corresponding to the velocity of the machine and of the wind ; (3) provided with means for adjusting their inclination about their pivots non-automatically ; and (4) provided with means for varying their effective supporting-area. (1) Fig. 1 shows a wing 1 composed of one or more sheets of metal, wood, fibre, or other material fitted with lugs 2, 3 and wires, rods, &c. 4, 5, 6, with or without a spring 7, the curvature of the wing being varied by tightening-devices 8, 9. The wing may be connected rigidly to the machine, or pivoted at 10. In a modification, the wing may be further tensioned by a strap, which is attached to the front of the wing and passes over the upper surface to the rear, where it is connected to the device 8 or fitted with a separate tightening-device. Fig. 4 shows another form of wing comprising spars 36, 26, 39 covered above and below with sheet metal, wood, fibre, cotton, cloth, silk, &c. and provided with wires or rods 27, 28, 29 fitted with tightening - devices 32, 33. The frame is braced by wires 34, 35 arranged diagonally, and the whole is pivoted to the machine at 37. In a modification, the wires 28, 29 are replaced by single wires which pass round, and are secured to, pulleys mounted at the rear of the wing, so that by rotating the pulleys, the curvature of the wing may be adjusted. Figs. 7 and 8 show a wing formed of a front part 74 held in position by stays 79 ... 82, and a rear part 83 hinged to the front part at 90. Cross-ribs 99, 100, 101 are fixed to the spar 84, and are fitted at their outer ends with tightening-devices 88, which engage the rear spar 85 and serve to stretch the covering. The frame may be braced by wires 102 ... 105 and tighteners 106, 107, and may be further stiffened by ribs 108 ... 111. The rear part of the wing may comprise a number of sections 112, 113, Fig. 9, which are hinged to the front part of the wing at 116, 117, &c. and secured together by bolts or catches 120 so that they may be dismantled for transport. In a modification, the spars 76, 84 of the front and rear sections of the wing may be detachably, but not hingedly, connected by pin joints. Fig. 12 shows a device for stretching the covering-material, in which the fabric is forced into a V-shaped groove 125 formed in the rear spar 124, by means of a V-shaped bar 126 adjusted by a screw 128 and nut 127. (2) The movement of the wings about their pivots may be automatically controlled by springs 13, 14, Fig. 1, connected to the rear of the wings and to fixed rods 11, 12 ; or only one set of springs may be used, either above or below the wing. In the form shown in Fig.7, the movement of the rear part of the wing about the hinge 90 is controlled by a flat spring 91, with or without another spring 93 arranged as shown. As shown in Fig. 14, the movement is automatically controlled by springs 144, 145 in the operating-mechanism. Fig. 15 shows another arrangement, in which a sustaining- wing 148 is mounted on a ball-and-socket joint and fitted with springs 151, 152, 153, as shown. (3) The inclination of the wings may be adjusted non-automatically by the device shown in Fig. 14, in which a wing 130, pivoted at 131, is stayed at the front and rear by ropes, wires, &c. 132, 133, the rear stays being connected to ropes, wires, &c. 136, 137 which pass over pulleys 138, 139 and are secured to an operating-pulley 140, as shown. A pair of wings may be simultaneously operated from the same pulley. (4) Fig. 16 shows an arrangement in which wings 154,155 are made to approach or recede from each other by means of racks 156, 157 engaging a pinion 158, which is mounted on a shaft 159 fitted with an operating-wheel, the inner ends of the wings moving under cover so that the effective area is varied. In another form, the wings may be formed of a number of sections 176, 177, 178, Fig. 18, having telescoping sheaths 181, 182, so that the parts may be drawn together to vary the effective area, by cords, wires, &c. 187 ... 190 connected to operating-wheels 195,196 as shown. The wheels 195, 196 may be geared together for simultaneous operation, and springs 183 ... 186 may be provided to return the planes to their original position when released. Planes, arrangement of.-A sustaining-wing 148 Fig. 15, is fitted with a ball 147 which is held in a cup 149 by a cap 150, springs 151, 152, 153 being provided to control the movements and absorb shocks.