Patent GB-676195-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to typing and justifying machines
IPC: B41J19/64
Filed: 1947-07-30
Abstract: 676,195. Typewriters. COXHEAD CORPORATION, R. C. July 30, 1947 [Nov. 19, 1945], No. 20603/47. Class 100 (iv). A justifying typewriter having escapement mechanism for controlling the spacing movements of the paper carriage, includes a pivoted proportion bar 235, Fig. 29, carrying a slide 162 which at the end of the typing of an unjustified line is automatically adjusted along the bar a distance corresponding to the amount of justification required, and which bar during typing of a justified line is moved step-by-step downwardly about its pivot 228 upon each operation of the spacebar to produce incremental movement of the carriage for line justification, the amount of incremental movement imparted depending on the setting of the slide 162. The devices are described as applied to a machine using interchangeable shuttles, and wherein the letter-spacing is varied according to the width of the letters &c., and to the style of type i.e. Roman, Gothic or Italic, on the type shuttle in use as described in Specification 672,635. The carriage 16, Fig. 29, is slidable on a rod 212 attached by arms 214 to the escapement rack 31 and has pivoted thereto at 119 bell-crank levers 120, 121 pivoted respectively to the rack 31 and to a control bar 124 supported by a roller 237 on the pivoted proportion bar 235. During typing of the unjustified line, the bar 235 remains stationary and the carriage 16, rod 212, rack 31 and bar 124 move together without relative movement under the action of the escapement 32. At each operation of the space-bar when the justified line is being typed, the bar 235 drops a step and the carriage receives a movement additional to that of the rack 31, due to the consequent downward movement of the bar 124. The amount of justification is thus spread over the spaces between the words. The proportion bar 235, which is pivoted on a cross-bar 228, Fig. 32, is normally held horizontal by a latch 230, with the roller 237 supporting the bar 124. The slide 162 on the bar 235 carries a roller 238 and is connected by a link 161 to an arm 160 on a setting arm 158 fixed to a tubular shaft 159, Fig. 25. Connected to an arm 151 on the shaft is an operating-bar 142 adjacent to which is a similar restoring bar 143 connected to an arm 151a on a shaft 152 referred to below and which extends through the shaft 159. Both bars 142, 143 are slotted to slide on fixed pins 250 and carry pivoted stops 145, 147, respectively, joined by a spring 148 which tends to keep the stops raised and the bars at opposite ends of their sliding movement. The stop 145 overlies the arm 146 of the stop 147 so that if the stop 145 is depressed it carries the stop 147 with it. The usual adjustable margin dogs 140, 141 are mounted on a carriage rack 139, and near the end of the typing of an unjustified line, the dog 140 engages the stop 145. At this point the roller 238 is adjacent to the roller 237 on the proportion bar 235. Typing of subsequent letters causes movement of the bar 142 to the right and thus turning of the setting arm 158 and movement of the slide 162 and roller 238 along the bar 235 corresponding to the additional letters typed, the final position of the roller 238 thus corresponding to the amount of justification required. When the unjustified line is completed, a tabulating key 110, Fig. 26, is depressed and through suitable linkages (1) elevates a bar 103 to free the escapement pawl (2) depresses a member 135 carrying a tabulating stop 136 and (3) depresses the stops 145, 147 through a link 195 so that the carriage tabulates to a position determined by the engagement of a carriage stop 130 with the stops 136 and corresponding to the beginning of the justified line. At the same time, an arm 174 is operated by the member 136 and turns a lever 175, Fig. 32, which simultaneously releases a spring catch 178 from a pivoted arm 181 and through a rod 179 releases the latch 230. The arm 181 under the action of a spring 182 moves to cause a brake shoe 185 to engage the setting arm 158 and so lock the parts 158, 160, 161, 238 and 142 in their set position. Due to release of the catch 230, the arm 235 drops a short distance until a selector finger 225 thereon engages the upper end of an expansion distributer 234. In this position, control bar 124 is supported on the roller 238. Since during justification the bar 235 is stepped downwardly for each depression of the space bar as described below the increment of movement imparted to the carriage for each such step depends on the position of the roller 238 on the bar as set by the mechanism described above. The downward movements of the bar 235 are effected by the co-operation of the finger 225 with the distributer 234. The latter comprises, in the present instance, fourteen side-by-side plates fixed together for rotary movement on a shaft 233 and having from one to fourteen teeth on their peripheries, it being assumed that fourteen is the maximum number of word-spaces likely to occur in a line. A ratchet wheel 234a fixed to the shaft 233 is operated as described below for each operation of the space-bar during typing of the justified line by a pawl 240 on an arm 239 to advance the discs anticlockwise step-by-step against the action of a spring 205, Fig. 34, from a zero position determined by an arm 206 engaging a stop 207, Fig. 33 (not shown). The finger 225 is slidable along the shaft 228 and a rod 227 fixed to the bar 235, so that it partakes of the up-and-down movement of the bar. With the bar 235 horizontal the tip of the finger 225 is situated just above the distributer. For each depression of the space-bar during typing of the unjustified line, the finger is moved horizontally a step along the distributer against the pressure of a spring arm 246 so that at the end of the line it is adjacent the distributer plate having the same number of teeth as there were word spaces. This is effected by the space-bar actuating a link 70a, Fig. 32, connected by levers 90, 91 to shaft 93 carrying an arm 94 engaging a pin 256 on a reciprocable bar 251a having teeth engaged by a member 250 on the finger 225 so as to step the finger forward. A toothed-bar 251b mounted alongside the bar 251a and fixed against endwise movement retains the member 250 and finger 225 in their advanced positions. Both bars 251a, 251b can be depressed against springs to free them from the member 250. When the tabulating key is actuated as previously described, the movement of the rod 179, Figs. 32, 39 operates a latch 188, 190 to allow the shaft 93 to be moved to the left by a spring 96. In this position, the arm 94 is clear of the ratchet pin 256, and another arm 95 at right-angles thereto is positioned beneath a link 241a connected to the ratchet arm 239 of the distributer 234. Thus, when the space-bar is operated during typing of the justified line, the ratchet-mechanism 234a, 240 causes a step-by-step anticlockwise movement of the distributer and therefore a step-by-step downward movement of the bar 235 controlled by the finger 225 and the distributer plate engaged thereby, the number of steps corresponding to the number of wordspaces since the finger 225 is now engaging that plate which has the same number of teeth as there are word spaces. When the last depression of the space-bar is made, the finger turns sufficiently to free the member 250 from the toothedbars 251a, 251b and the spring arm 246 returns the finger 225 to its initial position. When the space-bar is released, the distributer is free to return to its initial position. Upon carriage return, the margin stop 141 engages stop 147 moving it and bar 143 to the left, Fig. 25, thus turning the shaft 152. Fixed to the shaft is a cam 153a, which releases the brake member 181 so as to allow parts 158, 160, 161, 238 and 142 to be restored to their original positions by springs 148, 182. An arm 154 on the shaft operates a rod 155 which restores latches 188, 190, 230 and shaft 93 and a second cam 153b acts on a lever 157 pivoted at 157a to an extension 235a of bar 235 and connected to the bar by a spring 157b. The upper end of the lever 157 is connected by a link 259 to a stirrup 257 pivoted on the shaft 228, the stirrup carrying two downwardly-extending cams 258, Fig. 41 (not shown). The cam 153b acting through the lever 157 first restores the bar 235 to its original horizontal position. Subsequent movement of the lever rotates the stirrup 257 causing the cams 258 to depress the toothed bars 251a, 251b. This latter arrangement is provided to return the finger 225 to its starting position should carriage return be effected during the typing of the unjustified line because of an error in typing. Letter-spacing mechanism; space-key actions. -The carriage-feed mechanism and backspacing mechanisms are as described in Specifications 672,633 and 672,641 respectively. Operation of the universal bar by depression of a type-key, however, closes the switch 107, 108, Fig. 16, of an electromagnet 109 which operates the shaft 111 carrying the lifting fingers 113 engaged by the latches k selected for actuation by depression of the key. The shaft also carries a forked arm 116 engaging a pin 117 on the hammer-escapement rocker. Operation of the spacing key on the space-bar, however, does not close the switch, and in order that spacing may be effected, the escapement-actuating links such as Id which are actuated by the spacing key or bar have extensions q which contact faces, p on the corresponding latches k to cause the required spacing. The movement of the links Id &c. caused by depression of a type key is not sufficient to bring the parts p, q into contact. Scales and indicators.-The bar 142 is connected by a rack-and-pinion mechanism 125, 126, Fig. 25, to a finger 128 moving over a dial 129 so as to indicate the amount of justification required. Indicating means for adjusting the carriage at the beginning of the unju