baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20100067593-A (KR)
Title: An efficient synthetic route for highly active catalysts for co2/epoxide copolymerization
Inventor: OK MYUNG AHN
IPC: C07C37/11
Filed: 2009-06-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: An efficient synthetic method of a highly active catalyst for carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization is provided to manufacture a phenol derivative in one step from a conventional same starting material and to reduce a manufacturing cost using an ortho-cresol as a solvent without inputting additional solvent. CONSTITUTION: A compound is marked as a chemical formula 1. In the chemical formula 1, A^1 - A^4 are straight-chain or branched chain alkylene of C2~C20 or cycloalkylene of C3~C20. R^1 is a first or secondary alkyl with C1~C20 and R^2 - R^4 are selected from an alkyl group with C1~C20 and an aryl group with C6~C30. Q is diradical for connecting two nitrogen atoms.
Patent KR-20100138297-A (KR)
Title: Ball separator on automatic cleaning apparatus of multi pass heat exchanger
Inventor: KIM JAE DOL
IPC: F28G1/12
Filed: 2009-06-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A ball separator on an automatic cleaning apparatus for a multi-tube heat exchanger is provided to easily collect ball in a ball collector by installing a vortex box collecting air and discharging collected air through an air outlet. CONSTITUTION: A ball separator automatically cleans the inner wall of multi-tubes(14) using a sponge ball as a cleaning body. A cleaning apparatus equipped with the ball separator includes a heat exchanger(12), a cylindrical ball separator, a ball collector(42), and a ball circulating pump(41). A fluid inlet(11) and a fluid outlet(13) are formed on both ends of the heat exchanger. Multi-tubes are installed in the heat exchanger. The ball separator is installed between the heat exchanger and the fluid outlet.
Patent KR-20110001118-A (KR)
Title: Electrode and energy conversion device using the same, and manufacture method thereof
Inventor: CHO KWON KOO
IPC: B82B1/00
Filed: 2009-06-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electrode is provided to improve cell efficiency by enough infiltrating electrolyte between nanostructure groups through enough interval between nanostructure groups. CONSTITUTION: An electrode includes a substrate(210) and a plurality of nanostructure groups containing a plurality of nanostructures(220) protruding from the surface of the substrate. The interval of between a plurality of nanostructures is wider than that between the nanostructureses. A method for manufacturing the electrode includes the steps of forming an electrode material on a substrate; coating a set mask on the electrode material; and etching the electrode material using the mask prepare a plurality of nanostructures groups.
Patent KR-20110002194-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for providing road data in mobile communication system
Inventor: KIM MUN SEOK
IPC: H04W4/02
Filed: 2009-07-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for providing road information in a mobile communication system are provided to check guidance information about a current location of a terminal which does not have map data in a mobile terminal with map data, thereby providing the map data to the terminal. CONSTITUTION: When location information is received from a mobile terminal, a control unit(100) controls a map program driving unit(103) to drive a map program. The control unit controls the map program driving unit to map a location of the terminal requesting a navigation function on a map. The control unit controls a guidance information generating unit(102) to generate guidance information about the terminal.
Patent KR-20110004189-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for supplying power
Inventor: KIM MIN HWAN
IPC: H02M1/44
Filed: 2009-07-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A power supply unit is provided to smoothly supply a signal without noise by supplying an output current to an inverter and an audio processing unit. CONSTITUTION: An inverter current supply unit(102) receives the output current from one end of an output terminal of a transformer(101). The inverter current supply unit provides a rectified current to an inverter(103). An audio current supply unit(104) receives the other end of the output terminal of the transformer. The audio current supply unit supplies the rectified current to an audio processing unit(105).
Patent KR-20090084801-A (KR)
Title: Etching monitoring apparatus, etching apparatus, and method of detecting etching depth
Inventor: YAMAZAWA YOHEI
IPC: C23F4/00
Filed: 2009-07-17
Abstract: An etching monitor unit, an etching device and an etching depth detecting method are provided to detect the etching depth by suppressing the influence of the distortion even in case the distortion of the interfering wave is in phase. An etching monitor unit(20) monitors the etching depth using the reflection light. A light source(21) irradiates the light to the processed article. An optical detector(25) detects the coherent light which is changed by the reflection light from the upper side or the surface of the etched layer. A control device(28) comprises the frequency analysis unit, an etching rate production unit and an etching depth production unit. The frequency analysis unit(26A) calculates the frequency of the interfering waveform. The etching rate production unit(26B) produces the etching rate using the frequency of the interfering waveform. The etching depth production unit(26C) calculates the etching depth from the etching rate.
Patent KR-20110009744-A (KR)
Title: Method for searching database using relevance feedback and storage medium of storing program for executing the same
Inventor: YU HWAN JO
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2009-07-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for searching a database using relevance feedback and a recording medium with a program for executing the same are provided to derive an accurate correlation function from a small amount of feedback, thereby efficiently searching a database. CONSTITUTION: Correlation feedback about the first search result is received(S110). A correlation function is derived based on the correlation feedback(S120). The second search result arranged according to a correlation degree applies the first search result to the correlation function(S130). The correlation feedback is multi-level relevance feedback about the first search result or relative relevance ordering feedback for the first search result.
Patent KR-20110011371-A (KR)
Title: Step variable gain amplifier
Inventor: KIM MOON SUN
IPC: H03G3/30
Filed: 2009-07-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A step variable gain amplifier is provided to improve the noise figure of a variable gain amplifier by inputting a received signal from an antenna to an amplifier without a switch element. CONSTITUTION: An amplifier(420) changes the voltage component of a received signal according to the step amplification control signal to a current component. A controller generates the step amplification control signal of the received signal and control the on/off of the amplifier according to a control signal. An output unit(430) is connected to the amplifier. The output unit outputs the transformed current component to a voltage component.
Patent KR-20110014340-A (KR)
Title: Drawing dice for shortening spheroidzation heat treatment
Inventor: SON IL HEON
IPC: B21C3/02
Filed: 2009-08-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: Drawing dies for shortening spheroidization heat treatment are provided to achieve excellent spheroidized structure within a reduced time by employing one or more internal grooves. CONSTITUTION: Drawing dies for shortening spheroidization heat treatment include a bell part, an approach part, a bearing part, and a relief part. One or more internal grooves are formed in the bearing part in the direction parallel to the transfer direction of materials. The depth(d) of the grooves is 25~50% of the value that is the exit radius(D_i) of the dies subtracted from the entrance radius(D_o) of the dies.
Patent KR-20110016309-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for chasing solar of sunlight collecting panel
Inventor: KIM MUN SIK
IPC: H02S20/32
Filed: 2009-08-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sun tracing device of a solar panel is provided to minimize the collection loss of solar energy since a solar panel is positioned optimally based on the azimuth of the sun, thereby maximizing solar energy collection efficiency. CONSTITUTION: A sun tracing device of a solar panel comprises a main support(2), a sub support(3), a mainframe, a solar panel assembly(7), and a first actuator(5), and a second actuator. The main support is built-in in a base phase(1). The sub support is positioned lower than the main support to be parallel to the main support. The bottom central portion of a main frame connects to the top of the main support through a first hinge unit. The solar panel assembly is comprised of multiple solar panels and is inclined toward the sun. The center of the solar panel assembly corresponds to the main support. The lower part of the solar panel assembly corresponds to the sub support. The solar panel assembly connects to the main frame through a sixth hinge unit to be horizontally rotatable. The bottom of the first actuator is connected to the sub support through a second hinge unit.
Patent KR-20100038134-A (KR)
Title: Methods for representing shoe-size and selling shoes
Inventor: JEONG HONG GI
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2009-08-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A dimension notation of footwear and a selling method of footwear are provided, which enables to recognize the footwear which is fit for the foot of a user. CONSTITUTION: A selling method of footwear comprises: a step(S100) that the kind of product is selected; a step(S200) of offering the foot shape pattern to a buyer; a step(S300) that one is selected among the offered foot shape patterns; a step(S400) of extracting the dimension pattern and foot length; and a step(S600) that the footwear dimension corresponding to the foot length is decided.
Patent KR-20110022898-A (KR)
Title: Image processing method for determinimg the skin elasticity using moireimage
Inventor: BYUN KYUNG SOO
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2009-08-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A Morie image processing and an evaluation method for measuring facial wrinkle are provided to objectively determine the skin elasticity state by using a Morie image. CONSTITUTION: A Morie image of a subject skin is photographed by using a Morie image photographing device. A Morie line is extracted from the photographed Morie image. The extracted Morie line is analyzed quantitively. Facial elasticity is evaluated objectively. By using the extracted Morie line characteristic, the facial elasticity is evaluated.
Patent KR-20110024544-A (KR)
Title: 전자제품의 전력 정보 수집 시스템
Inventor: KIM YONG SIG
IPC: H04L12/26
Filed: 2009-09-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 가정내에서 사용되는 전자제품의 소비전력을 센서플러그를 이용하여 수집하며, 수집된 전자제품의 전력 정보를 이동통신단말기를 통해 소비자에게 현재의 소비 전력량과, 전기요금, 예상 소비전력량 등을 알려주도록 하는 전자제품의 전력 정보 수집 시스템에 관한 것으로, 이러한 본 발명은 벽에 설치되어 전기를 공급하는 콘센트(10)와; 상기 콘센트(10)에 착탈 가능하게 연결되는 플러그(20)와; 상기 플러그(20)에 연결되되, 전자제품(예를들어, TV, 냉장고, 에어컨, 세탁기, 컴퓨터, 모뎀, TV수신기 등)에 연결되어 전기를 공급함과 아울러 전력선 통신(PLC : Power Line Communication)이 가능한 전기선(전력선)(30)과; 상기 플러그(20)에 착탈 가능하게 연결되어 기 설정된 프로그램에 따라 전자제품(예를들어, TV, 냉장고, 에어컨, 세탁기, 컴퓨터, 모뎀, TV수신기 등)이 사용하는 전력량을 수집하는 무선통신이 가능한 센서플러그(40)와; 상기 센서플러그(40)로부터 전송되는 전력량을 전송받고, 전력량을 취합하여 현재의 소비 전력량과 소비 전력사용에 따른 전기요금 및 예상되는 월말요금을 계산한 후, 데이터를 관리서버(한국전력이 관리하는 서버) 및 사용자의 이동통신단말기(50)로 전송하는 무선통신이 가능한 스마트미터(60)로 구성되되, 
     상기 센서플러그(40)는, 동작전원을 공급하는 전원부(40-1)와; 상기 전원부(40-1)와 전기적으로 연결되어 상기 전원부(40-1)로부터 공급되는 동작전원을 인가받고, 센서플러그(40)를 기 설정된 프로그램에 따라 제어하는 제어부(40-3)와;  상기 제어부(40-3)와 전기적으로 연결되어 상기 제어부(40-3)로 플러그(20)에서 발생되는 온도를 센싱하는 온도센서(40-5)와; 상기 제어부(40-3)와 전기적으로 연결되어 상기 제어부(40-3)로 플러그(20)에서 발생되는 습도를 센싱하는 습도센서(40-7)와; 상기 제어부(40-3)와 전기적으로 연결되되, 외부에서 전송되는 신호를 수신하여 상기 제어부(40-3)로 전달하거나 외부로 신호를 송신하는 지그비통신부(40-9)와; 상기 제어부(40-3)와 전기적으로 연결되되, 외부에서 전송되는 신호에 의해 상기 제어부(40-3)의 제어에 따라 전자제품으로 인가되는 전력을 차단하는 전력차단부(40-11)로 구성된다. 
       
     가정, 소비전력, 전력선 통신, 이동통신단말기, 센서플러그
Patent KR-20110029045-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE SUNG
IPC: E06B9/52
Filed: 2009-09-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 기존 망(방충)이 그 틀을 알루미늄, 철, 스텐 등으로 구성하여 만든 것을 포맥스 재질을 그 틀로 사용힌 포맥스 망(방충)이다. 
     게다가 포맥스 틀을 구성한 포맥스 망(방충)에, 벨크로을 부친 포맥스 벨크로 망(방충), 고무자석을 부친 포맥스 고무자석 망(방충), 벨크로와 고무자석을 함께 부친 포맥스 벨크로 고무자석 망(방충) 등과 그런 총칭 포맥스 망(방충)에 망사주름이 있는 포맥스 망(방충)에 관한 특허를 출원한다. 
       
     포맥스, 망, 벨크로, 고무자석, 망사주름
Patent KR-20110033878-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG KI CHEOL
IPC: A23D9/007
Filed: 2009-09-26
Abstract: 본 발명의 해바라기씨앗을 이용한 참기름 제조방법은, 제조하고자 하는 참기름 량에 맞는 해바라기씨앗을 준비하는 제1단계; 상기 준비된 해바라기씨앗 중 껍질이 윤기가 흐르고 통통한 것을 골라 전용 탈피기로 탈피하는 제2단계; 상기 탈피된 해바라기씨앗을 고소함과 진한 맛이 더해지도록 탈피되지 않은 해바라기씨앗과 7:3 의 비율로 혼합하는 제3단계; 상기 혼합된 해바라기씨앗을 곡물세척기에 넣어 깨끗이 세척하는 제4단계; 상기 세척된 해바라기씨앗을 물기를 뺀 후 건조기에 넣고 60℃의 온도로 2시간 동안 가열하여 건조하는 제5단계; 상기 건조된 해바라기씨앗을 볶음기에 넣고 히터온도는 200℃, 곡물온도는 150℃로 세팅하여 서서히 볶는 제6단계; 및 상기 곡물온도가 150℃가 되면 2분 동안 더 볶은 후 신속하게 꺼내어 압착 착유기에 넣고 착유하는 제7단계로 이루어진다. 
     	해바라기씨앗, 참기름
Patent KR-20110036259-A (KR)
Title: Oil-in-water cream type cosmetics composition for filler
Inventor: GU MIN JI
IPC: A61Q19/08
Filed: 2009-10-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A filler cosmetic composition of oil-in-water cream type is provided to prevent wrinkling and to ensure storage stability and formulation stability. CONSTITUTION: A filler cosmetic composition of oil-in-water cream type contains surfactant containing polyethylene glycol and alkyl group, and powder. The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycerylmonostearate, glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, PEG-4 stearate, PEG-6 stearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80. The powder is selected from the group consisting of HDI/triethylolhexyllacton crosspolymer, nylon-12, silica, and polymethylsilsesquioxane.
Patent KR-20110039770-A (KR)
Title: Selective lighting system for fluorescence image acquisition
Inventor: LEE BYEONG IL
IPC: A61B6/00
Filed: 2009-10-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A selective lighting system for fluorescence image acquisition is provided to reduce costs by easily obtaining fluorescence image in a specific band. CONSTITUTION: In a selective lighting system for fluorescence image acquisition, an upper module(a) is comprised of a rotary shaft(143) and a step motor(140). The step motor rotates the rotary shaft. A center module(b) comprises a plurality of light source modules. The center module is connected to the rotary shaft. The center module comprises a magazine(121). The magazine is rotated by the rotary shaft. A lower module(c) is comprised of a light transmission window. The light transmission window passes the light to a target.
Patent KR-20100044135-A (KR)
Title: Helicopter
Inventor: PANCOTTI SANTINO
IPC: B64C27/06
Filed: 2009-10-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A helicopter is provided to prevent vibration and noise from being transferred to a body, and to easily and cheaply design the helicopter. CONSTITUTION: A helicopter comprises a transmission(7), a support body(14), and a connection unit(20). The transmission is connected to a body(2) and a rotor blade(3). The support body supports the transmission. The connection unit has a first connection member(21) and a second connection member. The second connection member is connected to the support body and the body. The connection unit has an elastic member arranged between the first connection member and the second connection member.
Patent KR-20110044526-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO JONG SOO
IPC: A43B17/00
Filed: 2009-10-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 보행과정에서 자체적으로 공기를 일방향으로 펌핑하여 신발내부에서 통풍기능을 갖도록 하는 신발깔창에 관한 것으로 수지성분의 시트를 금형 성형하여 에어펌프부, 체크밸브부, 공기통로, 에어백부 및 스펀지삽입부 등의 형상이 일체로 형성되도록 일정한 높이의 돌출리브를 갖는 신발창형상의 밑면창과;  상기 밑면창의 상부에 고주파열융착에 의해 밀착융합되도록 원단의 밑면에 수지성분의 방수시트를 합포하여 기밀성을 갖는 윗면창과; 상기 윗면창과 상기 체크밸브부에 체크밸브가 삽입된 밑면창에 의하여 에어펌프가 일체로 형성된 것으로 에어펌프를 별도로 제작하지 않고 자체적으로 형성되도록 함으로써 제작이 용이하고, 부품수를 줄여 보다 경제적이며, 내부에 발냄새 등을 없애주어 보다 청결하고 쾌적한 상태로 발 건강을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 
       
     밑면창, 돌출리브, 에어펌프부, 체크밸브부, 공기통로, 윗면창
Patent KR-20110045551-A (KR)
Title: Movement restriction implement for mat
IPC: A47D13/06
Filed: 2009-10-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A movement restriction implement for a mat is provided to restrict the movement of a child even though the child runs out of the mat. CONSTITUTION: A movement restriction implement for a mat includes a frame member for movement restriction capable of preventing a child from running out of a mat. The frame member for movement restriction is equipped with a longitudinal frame(100) for movement restriction. In both ends of the longitudinal frame for movement restriction, a closing unit(110) is connected. A mat is placed in the closing unit.
Patent KR-20110045682-A (KR)
Title: Noise decreasing type york unit for steer gear box
IPC: B62D3/00
Filed: 2009-10-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A noise decreasing yoke unit of a steering gear box is provided to prevent the problem of an O-ring obstructing the movement of a support yoke. CONSTITUTION: A noise decreasing yoke unit of a steering gear box comprises a support yoke(5), a yoke plug(8), a yoke spring(7), and a check valve(20). O-rings(6,9) are inserted into the outer circumference of the unit and the support yoke. The support yoke is inserted into the yoke extended end, which is extended to the side of a gear box. The support yoke supports a rack(3) meshed with a pinion(2). An O-ring is inserted in the outer circumference of the unit, and the yoke plug is combined with the yoke extended end. The yoke plug forms a damper chamber having a gap with the support yoke. Both sides of the yoke spring are supported by the respective support yoke and yoke plug. The check valve is installed in the inner space of a hole(8d), through which a shaft of the yoke plug passes.
Patent KR-20110046615-A (KR)
IPC: C01B33/039
Filed: 2009-10-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An impurity removal method removing iron from raw materials using the magnetic force, and an apparatus thereof are provided to recycle a belt for collecting the iron. CONSTITUTION: An impurity removal method removing iron from raw materials using the magnetic force comprises the following steps: selecting the size of the raw materials(S10); ultrasonic cleaning the raw materials including quarts for producing metal silicon, charcoal, and cokes(S40); drying the raw materials(S50); and removing the iron from the raw materials using the magnetic force(S60).
Patent KR-20110047892-A (KR)
Title: Integrated circuit and its driving method
IPC: G11C5/14
Filed: 2009-10-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An integrated circuit and its driving method are provided to reduce the leakage current of an MOS transistor making up an internal circuit without giving interference to data processing speed. CONSTITUTION: In an integrated circuit and its driving method, a first substrate bias voltage selection unit(220) selects a first voltage in a non power save mode. The first substrate bias voltage selection unit selects a second voltage in a power save mode. The second voltage is higher than the first voltage. A PMOS transistor(230) receives the output voltage of the first substrate bias voltage selection unit as a substrate bias voltage. A second substrate bias voltage selection unit selects ground voltage in the non power save mode. A second substrate bias voltage selection unit selects a negative voltage in the power save mode. The NMOS transistor receives the output voltage of the second substrate bias voltage selection unit as a substrate bias voltage.
Patent KR-20110054736-A (KR)
Title: Composition for blocking ultraviolet containing coacervate supported with sunscreen agent
Inventor: AN EUN JUNG
IPC: A61Q17/04
Filed: 2009-11-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition containing UV protecting agent-dipped coacervate is provided to ensure formulation stability and safety and to be used in cosmetic fields. CONSTITUTION: A composition for UV blocking contains UV-protecting agent-captured coacervate. The particle size of coacervate is 100nm-1mm. The UV protecting agent is an organic UV protecting agent, inorganic UV protecting agent, or mixture thereof. The coacervate contains 2-8 weight% of collagen or gelatin; 1-4 weight% of acacia gum, and 0.01-0.05 weight% of cross-linking agent. The composition further contains C12-22 fatty acid, fatty alcohol, or UV blodking booster thereof. The composition is a cosmetic composition.
Patent KR-20110055180-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same
Inventor: PARK YOON MOON
IPC: H01L27/10
Filed: 2009-11-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor device and a forming method thereof are provided to implement high integration by including core contacts with the same width and pitch as cell contacts. CONSTITUTION: Active regions(ACT) are formed in a cell region and a core region. An interlayer insulation layer covers the active regions. The cell contacts pass through the interlayer insulation layer and are electrically connected to the active region of the cell region in a first direction. Core contacts(CoC) pass through the interlayer insulation layer and are arranged on the active region of the core region in the first direction. The core contacts includes an upper connection core contact and a dummy contact(DmC). The upper connection core contact is electrically connected to the active regions. The dummy contact is insulated from the active region in one side of the upper connection contact.
Patent KR-20110056785-A (KR)
Title: Temperature measuring means, apparatus for treating substrate including the same and method for measuring temperature of substrate placing means
Inventor: LEE JI HUN
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2009-11-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A temperature measuring unit, a substrate treating apparatus including the same, and a method for measuring the temperature of a substrate holding unit are provided to accurately measure the temperature of a substrate holding unit and control the temperature to be proper for substrate treatment. CONSTITUTION: A temperature measuring unit comprises a temperature measuring part and a driving part. The temperature measuring part comprises a front end portion and a back end portion. The driving unit measures the temperature of a substrate holding unit(118) by vertically driving the temperature measuring part through a hole(134) of a lead(114b) so that the front end portion is located inside the hole in a stand-by state while the front end portion is located to contact or separate from the front side of the substrate holding unit in a measurement state.
Patent KR-20100067608-A (KR)
Title: Combustion control method for regenerative-combustion heat treat furnace
Inventor: KIMOTO YASUYUKI
IPC: F23J11/00
Filed: 2009-11-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A combustion control method of a regenerative-combustion heat furnace is provided to heat-treat materials by uniformizing the inner temperature distribution of the thermal process furnace. CONSTITUTION: A combustion control method of a regenerative-combustion heat furnace(10) is as follows. If a regenerative burner(20) is suspended to be started, a degradation of a flame temperature of a regenerative burner is controlled, and a processed material(1) is appropriately heat-treated. The plural pair of regenerative burner has a burner part and a regenerative chamber. The burner part has a fuel jetting nozzle. The regenerative chamber accepts a thermal energy storage material. If he combustion of the regenerative burner is suspended in a thermal process furnace, the combustible exhausting gas is induced the regenerative chamber, and the heat of the combustible exhausting gas is accumulated in the thermal energy storage material.
Patent KR-20110062543-A (KR)
Title: Flash memory device and program method thereof
Inventor: KIM MOO SUNG
IPC: G11C16/12
Filed: 2009-12-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A flash memory device and a program method thereof are provided to maximize the performance of a program by determining the start level of a program voltage. CONSTITUTION: In a flash memory device and a program method thereof, a memory cell array(100) has memory cells. Memory cells have word lines and bit lines which are arranged therein. A voltage generating circuit(300) generates a program voltage. The program voltage is applied in a selected word line. A program voltage controller variably controls the start level of the program voltage.