Patent GB-979695-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to protein food products
IPC: A23J3/28
Filed: 1963-08-06
Abstract: In a process for preparing simulated foodstuffs, containing protein fibres (e.g. ham, chicken, tuna) the fibres are treated with sulphur dioxide or a substance yielding sulphur dioxide under the conditions of treatment. A dispersion of edible protein e.g. soy protein, corn protein, peanut protein, casein or keratin is formed in an aqueous alkaline medium (10-30% alkali metal hydroxide e.g. NaOH) having a pH range 9-13.5 and a viscosity of 10,000-100,000 c.p.s. at 20-45 DEG C. Fibres are formed from the dispersion by spinning into a coagulating bath containing an aqueous solution of a salt (e.g. 0.5-20% NaCl) in acid (e.g. 0.5-10% acetic, lactic, citric, adipic, or hydrochloric acids). At this stage the fibres may be stretched by pulling them from the bath over a take off reel and/or neutralized (e.g. with sodium bicarbonate) to a pH 5.0-6.4. The fibres may be treated with SO2 before stretching and neutralization by bubbling SO2 through the coagulating bath or adding thereto a sulphur dioxide producing material (sulphurous acid, alkali metal bisulphites or hydrosulphites) to produce up to 10,000 ppm SO2 (preferably 300-1,000 ppm) based on the dry weight of the fibre. The fibres may also be treated in a separate bath after stretching. To form a food product the fibres may be impregnated with binders e.g. albumen, flavouring agents e.g. chicken, beef, bacon flavours, oils or fat e.g. cottonseed oil, palm oil, corn oil, tallow, lard, colourant and/or emulsifiers e.g. mono and diglycerides of monostearin, monopalmitin, mono-olein. The impregnated fibres are then "set up" by baking, boiling or steam treatment and may then be dehydrated, smoked or fried. Many examples are given of the materials used to impregnate the fibres. Specification 699,692 is referred to.ALSO:In a process for preparing simulated foodstuffs, containing protein fibres (e.g. ham, chicken, tuna) the fibres are treated with sulphur dioxide or a substance yielding sulphur dioxide under the conditions of treatment. A dispersion of edible protein, e.g. soy protein, corn protein, peanut protein, casein or keratin is formed in an aqueous alkaline medium (10-30% alkali metal hydroxide, e.g. NaoH) having a pH range 9-13.5 and a viscosity of 10,000-100,000 c.p.s. at 20-45 DEG C. Fibres are formed from the dispersion by spinning into a coagulting bath containing an aqueous solution of a salt (e.g. 0.5-20% NaCl) in acid (e.g. 0.5-10% acetic, lactic, citric, adipic, or hydrochloric acids). At this stage the fibres may be stretched by pulling them from the bath over a take off reel and/or neutralized (e.g. with sodium bicarbonate) to a pH 5.0-6.4.  The fibres may be treated with SO2 before stretching and neutralization by bubbling SO2 through the coagulating bath or adding thereto a sulphur dioxide producing material (sulphurous acid, alkali metal bisulphites or hydrosulphites) to produce up to 10,000 ppm SO2 (preferably 300-1,000 ppm) based on the dry weight of the fibre.  The fibres may also be treated in a separate bath after stretching.  To form a food product the fibres may be impregnated with binders e.g. albumen, flavouring agents e.g. chicken, beef, bacon flavours, oils or fat e.g. cottonseed oil, palm oil, tallow, lard &c., colourant and/or emulsifiers e.g. mono and diglycerides of monostearin, monopalmitin, monoolein.  The impregnated fibres are then "set up" by baking, boiling or steam treatment and may then be dehydrated, smoked and fried.  Many examples are given of the materials used to impregnate the fibres. Specification 699,692 is referred to.