baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20020041779-A (KR)
Inventor: SASADA KOUJI
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2001-11-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: To eliminate wasteful traffics related to position registration and incoming calls in a mobile communication network. CONSTITUTION: A mobile communication network 30 has a plurality of types of section patterns, which section a communication service area into a plurality of location areas, in correspondence to a size of the location area per unit. A base station 80 transmits a control signal, containing a plurality of location areas ID in correspondence into each section pattern. A mobile telephone set 90 selects the location area ID of the section pattern, in correspondence with mobile characteristics of such a mobile telephone set 90 which has been previously set to the mobile telephone set 90 out of the plurality of location areas ID included in the control signal received from the base station, and performs positional registration process by using this location area ID.
Patent KR-20030045914-A (KR)
Title: ignition lock switch of vehicle
Inventor: LEE BYEONG RIM
IPC: E05B85/00
Filed: 2001-12-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A vehicle and an ignition lock switch are provided to enhance a burglarproof function by combining a key recognition device having a secret number panel with an ignition switch device. CONSTITUTION: An ignition switch portion(110) includes a rotary switch(120) to apply the electric power to an accessory(ACC), a driving portion(ON), and a start portion(ST) by using a battery. The battery is connected to one side of a case(111) fixed to a dash board(21). A key recognition portion(130) includes a plurality of buttons(131) and a memory. The buttons are connected to the ignition switch portion. The buttons are used for inputting secret numbers. The memory is used for applying the electric power of the battery to a contact point of the rotary switch according to the secret numbers inputted by the buttons.
Patent KR-20020000752-A (KR)
Inventor: HUH GI HYEON
IPC: C09D5/36
Filed: 2001-12-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preparing an aromatic aqueous pigment is provided, to have a dichromatic effect due to different reflection and to remove the offensive odor by using a pearlescent pigment with different size and different reflectance. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of adding 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, 0.2-0.8 parts by weight of a dispersant, 25-50 parts by weight of an acryl emulsion, 10-25 parts by weight of a pearlescent pigment with the size of 20-80 micrometers to 20-40 parts by weight of water slowly; adding 1-3 parts by weight of a pearlescent pigment with the size of 300-600 micrometers to the mixture by spraying, with stirring; stirring the mixture slowly for 10-20 min; adding 0.5-1 parts by weight of an antifreezing agent and 0.5-1 parts by weight of a surface conditioning agent and stirring it for about 10 min slowly; adding 0.3-1 parts by weight of a thickening agent to the mixture to control the viscosity.
Patent KR-20010113622-A (KR)
Title: 운동량이 향상된 자전거
Inventor: GU YEON GWANG
IPC: B62K3/00
Filed: 2001-12-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 자전거에 관한 것으로, 본 발명의 자전거를 탈 경우 다리는 물론 복부와 허리 및 팔부분의 운동량이 기존의 일반 자전거에 비하여 증가되도록 함으로써 살찐 사람들이 사용할 경우 다이어트에 적합하도록 한 것으로, 구동 스프라켓 (10)의 크랭크 축(20) 양측에 페달 아암(30,30')이 동일 각도로 같은 위치에 부착되고, 각 페달 아암(30,30')의 말단에 설치된 페달 축(32,32')에 페달이 착탈가능하게 부착되어 탑승자가 먼저 페달을 발에 착용한 상태에서 탑승하여 페달 아암에 페달을 끼우고 동시에 양발을 사용하여 페달을 밟아주므로써 구동 스프라켓을 회전시켜 체인에 의해 후륜으로 동력이 전달되도록 하여 전진주행이 가능하도록 한 것이다.
Patent KR-20030047277-A (KR)
Title: The fishing signal sense device for a float
Inventor: HONG WOONG CHA
IPC: A01K93/02
Filed: 2001-12-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A color changing fish signal sensor apparatus for a float is provided to easily identify a fish signal by a color change. CONSTITUTION: The fish signal sensor unit(100) has a cylindrical transparent container(10) with one end opened and the other end formed with a through hole on a predetermined position, a two-color luminous body(20) to be inserted into the transparent container, a hollow cylinder body(30) slidably inserted into the luminous body and cutting off any one color of the luminous body by screening one side portion of the luminous body and a container lid(40) for water proof-engaging an insert of the transparent container. A holder unit(50) has a rotary shaft inserted into a through hole of the fish signal sensor unit and rotatably and axially supporting the fish signal sensor unit, a plurality of support portions curved from both ends of the rotary shaft at a predetermined angle, expanded in parallel and supporting the rotary shaft and an attaching portion formed by double-curving both ends of the plurality of support portions and gathered on the center portion so as to be attached to the upper end of the float.
Patent KR-20030052261-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO SEONG YUN
IPC: H04N5/64
Filed: 2001-12-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: An LCD monitor is provided to prevent distortion of signals by regularly maintaining impedance by effectively interrupting EMI by a shield member formed at a DVI connector. CONSTITUTION: A DVI(Digital Video Interactive) cable(30) is connected between an LCD monitor and a computer main body. The DVI cable is shield-processed to shield EMI(Electromagnetic Interference). The LCD monitor includes a DVI connector(21) having a shield member(25) for shielding EMI, so that the LCD monitor receives digital picture signals and converts the digital picture signals into analog picture signals to output an image through an LCD panel. The shield member is continuously formed at an edge area of the DVI connector to which the DVI cable is connected, and is combined with a shield part(33) of the DVI cable for shielding EMI.
Patent KR-20030049123-A (KR)
Title: A power-saving apparatus for manufacturing a printing plate
Inventor: HNANG EUI SUNG
IPC: B41C1/10
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a power saving exposure equipment which lets a light source frame covered by an adhered frame with a printed board put on so that it helps to get light source shined uniformly, with saving power. CONSTITUTION: The power saving exposure equipment is characterized by comprising the parts of: an adhered rubber sheet(5) which is formed at upper side of a main body(20) to let a printed board fixed closely; and a light source frame(1) which is covered by the main body, with consisting of a light collection distribution filter(2) to let an ultraviolet ray radiated by a lamp(8) and shined uniformly and the ultraviolet lamp to let the ultraviolet ray reflected by a reflection sheet(7).
Patent KR-20030052673-A (KR)
Title: Rail support for splash guard of numerical control machine
Inventor: YOON GWANG WON
IPC: B23Q11/08
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A rail support for transferring a splash door of a numerically controlled lathe is provided to prevent the splash door from being separated, improve the working efficiency of the lathe, secure the safety for operators, and reduce assembly working time by flexibly and stably operating the splash door opened and shut at the front of the numerically controlled lathe. CONSTITUTION: In a splash door(30) combined to the front upside of a numerically controlled lathe(10) and opened and shut right and left, a rail support for transferring the splash door is composed of a shaft housing(32) bolting-combined to the upside of the splash door, a bush(36) fixed with the shaft housing by a snap ring with penetrating the inside of the shaft housing, an L.M shaft fitted with the bush of the shaft housing to perform a rotation-rolling motion, and a shaft bracket(40) bolting-combined to both ends of the L.M shaft and fixed to a supporting plate(42) formed at the front of a top cover(20) of the lathe by bolts.
Patent KR-20030054695-A (KR)
Title: Method for magnetic annealing non- oriented electrical steel sheet
Inventor: CHA SANG YUN
IPC: C21D8/12
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for magnetic annealing a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is provided to decrease iron loss while increasing magnetic flux. CONSTITUTION: The method includes the steps of reheating a non-oriented electrical steel sheet at higher than 200 deg.C; starting magnetic annealing from the temperature range of 350 and 600 deg.C at a cooling rate of 30 to 120 deg.C/sec; and finishing magnetic annealing at less than 200 deg.C, wherein vertical and horizontal magnetic field are alternatingly applied to the non-oriented electrical steel sheet.
Patent KR-20030054770-A (KR)
Title: Sputter of manufacturing Liquid Crystal Display device
Inventor: JANG SU CHANG
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sputter for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is provided to use substrates various in sizes by using a variable stage and a variable clamp according to the sizes of the substrates. CONSTITUTION: A sputter includes a load unit having a variable stage(100), a preheater preheating a substrate(101), and a variable clamp for clamping the substrate of variable sizes. A flat plate of the variable stage is correspondent to the size of the substrate. A plurality of corner blocks support the substrate at an edge of the flat plate to reduce an area that the substrate contacts with the flat plate. A plurality of side blocks support the substrate between the corner blocks. A supporter supports the center part of the substrate. A plurality of moving blocks(111) have bridge bars(111a) movable to a vertical axis and a horizontal axis of the variable stage to be correspondent to the substrate of variable sizes.
Patent KR-20030054911-A (KR)
Title: Method of forming a gate in semiconductor device
Inventor: HUH SANG BEOM
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a gate of a semiconductor device is provided to be capable of obtaining fine line-width of a gate electrode by performing thermal oxidation of the gate electrode. CONSTITUTION: An isolation layer(12) is formed at a semiconductor substrate(10). A well region(14) is formed in the substrate(10). A gate oxide layer(16) and a polysilicon layer(18) are sequentially formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure. A gate electrode(20) is formed by patterning the polysilicon layer and the gate oxide layer. The line-width of the gate electrode(20) is then controlled by performing thermal oxidation of the gate electrode.
Patent KR-20030055021-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for manufacturing the sintered ore
Inventor: KIM DEOK BAE
IPC: F27B21/08
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for manufacturing sintered ore is provided to prevent discharge of red hot ore and improve quality and productivity of sintered ore by varying height of layer of hearth layer ore according to density of sintering raw material layer, thereby solving air permeability defect of the sintering raw material layer caused by density increase. CONSTITUTION: In a sintered ore manufacturing apparatus in which a hearth layer ore supply means for supplying hearth layer ore onto sinter pallet car(3-1), a blended raw material supply means for supplying blended raw materials onto layer of hearth layer ore(16) loaded in the sinter pallet car and an ignitor for igniting the surface layer part of sintering raw material layer of the blended raw materials loaded in the sinter pallet car are sequentially installed along a proceeding direction of the sinter pallet car, the apparatus for manufacturing sintered ore is characterized in that the hearth layer ore supply means comprises a hearth layer ore storage tank(6) for storing the hearth layer ore, a drum feeder(23) installed at the lower part of the hearth layer ore storage tank, and a guide chute(24) for guiding the hearth layer ore fed from the hearth layer ore storage tank by rotational operation of the drum feeder into the sinter pallet car, wherein rotational operation speed of the drum feeder is controlled according to charging density of the sintering raw material layer loaded on the layer of hearth layer ore to vary height of the layer of hearth layer ore.
Patent KR-20030057723-A (KR)
Title: Data Mask signal Generator in Semiconductor Memory Device
Inventor: YANG SEON SEOK
IPC: G11C11/407
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A data mask circuit of a semiconductor memory device is provided to simplify the data mask(DM) function implement logic in the device combining the SDR and the DDR on the on-chip. CONSTITUTION: A data mask circuit of a semiconductor memory device includes a DM buffer(31) for inputting the data mask signal and the reference voltage signal, a DM latch(32) for latching the output of the DM buffer(31) and a DM sense amplifier(33) for outputting the write data mask signal by inputting the output of the DM latch(32) by being synchronized with the control signal. In the data mask circuit of the semiconductor memory device, the inner clock and the data strobe signal are inputted thereto, the inner clock or the data strobe signal is selectively outputted as the control signal in response to the second control signal having the inner clock or the data strobe information according to the SDR or the DDR.
Patent KR-20030058344-A (KR)
Title: Process for Preparing Conductive Paper Using Electroless Plating
Inventor: HONG CHANG SEOK
IPC: C23C18/16
Filed: 2001-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing conductive paper by directly applying electroless plating onto pulp fiber contained paper material beaten during general paper manufacturing process is provided. CONSTITUTION: In a method for manufacturing paper using pulp fiber, the method for manufacturing conductive paper comprises the processes of injecting an electroless plating solution comprising a solution containing salts of conductive metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper and a reduction solution of the conductive metal into a paper material in which the pulp fiber is beaten; and directly reducing and precipitating the conductive metal on the beaten pulp fiber by mixing the electroless plating solution with the paper material, wherein the electroless plating solution contains salts of the conductive metal corresponding to 70 to 100 wt.% of solid of the paper material, wherein the paper material further comprises a filler selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc, clay, titanium dioxide and a mixture thereof, and 2 to 15 wt.% of the filler is contained in the paper material on the basis of solid of the paper material, wherein the nickel electroless plating solution comprises nickel salt contained solution and reduction solution, the nickel salt contained solution contains 3.5 to 4.5 wt.% of nickel salt, and the reduction solution contains 1.5 to 2.5 wt.% of sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent, wherein the copper electroless plating solution comprises copper salt contained solution and reduction solution, the copper salt contained solution contains 5.5 to 6.5 wt.% of copper salts, and the reduction solution contains 30 to 40 wt.% of formalin or paraformaldehyde as reducing agent, and wherein the conductive metal contained solution and reduction solution are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.2 on the basis of equivalent.
Patent KR-20010089566-A (KR)
Title: 내상성(耐傷性)이 우수한 윤활피막 형성용 물계 금속표면처리 조성물
IPC: C09D175/04
Filed: 1999-12-22
Abstract: (a) 수지 골격중에 비스페놀 골격과 카르복실기를 함유하며, 또한 평균 분자량이 3000 이상인 물계 우레탄 수지로서 이 수지 합성시의 이소시아네이트의 반응에 관계가 있는 질소 함유율이 2 ∼ 13 중량%의 범위이고, 또한 이 수지 합성시의 이소시아네이트의 반응에 관계가 있는 질소원소중의 우레아 결합에 관한 질소원소의 비인 우레아 결합의 질소/이소시아네이트의 반응에 관계가 있는 질소가 10/100 ∼ 90/100의 범위에 있는 물계 우레탄 수지와, (b) 경화제와, (c) 실리카와, (d) 폴리올레핀 왁스를 함유하며, 또한 전(全)고형분 중량 (e)에 대한 (a) + (b)의 고형분 중량%가 50 ∼ 95%, (a)의 골격중에 포함되는 카르복실기의 당량에 대한 (b)중의 관능기의 당량비가 0.10 ∼ 1.00, (e)에 대한 (c)의 고형분 중량%가 3 ∼ 40%, 및 (e)에 대한 (d)의 고형분 중량%가 2 ∼ 30%인 것을 특징으로 하는 내상성(耐傷性)이 우수한 윤활피막 형성용 물계 금속표면 처리 조성물.
Patent KR-20020015679-A (KR)
Title: Procedure and device to favor the implant of biological material
IPC: A61F2/06
Filed: 1999-12-14
Abstract: This invention refers to a device and the procedure for the formation of fibrocollagen tubes that are of use as neovascularized reservoirs to favor the implant of cells and/or substances producing biological factors for the treatment of diseases like diabetes. Similarly, the neovascularized fibrocollagen tube formed is suitable for use, should it so be desired, as splints for the implantation of tissues in surgical operation involving blood vessels, urethra among others. <IMAGE>
Patent KR-20020000216-A (KR)
IPC: A61K35/12
Filed: 2000-02-23
Abstract: Transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells is proposed for the treatment of a damaged brain. Intracerebral transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells may repair function and may be suitable for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Creuzfeld-Jacob disease.
Patent KR-20020019013-A (KR)
Title: 다면의 플랭크를 갖춘 나선 구조
IPC: F16L15/06
Filed: 2000-04-12
Abstract: 본 발명은, 도시된 바와 같은 파이프 조인트를 형성하도록 박스 부재(37)와 체결되도록 되어 있는 핀 부재(31)를 갖춘 형태의 관형 연결구용 나선 구조에 관한 것이다.  핀 부재는 상호 보완적인 나선 구조를 갖는 짝을 이룬 박스 부재(37)와 체결되도록 되어 있는 나사 골(35)과 나사 마루(33)를 갖춘 핀 나사를 포함한다.  핀의 나사 마루는 핀 나사의 스타브 플랭크(39)와 로드 플랭크(41) 사이에 형성된다.  핀 나사는 핀과 박스 나사의 표면 사이에 쐐기식 끼워 맞춤을 제공하도록 상호 보완적인 박스 부재 상의 짝을 이룬 스타브 플랭크와 맞물리도록 다면(69, 71, 73)의 복잡한 프로파일의 스타브 플랭크를 포함한다.  핀과 박스의 나사는 쐐기로서 나선형으로 구성되어 있다.
Patent KR-20020005008-A (KR)
Title: 치환된 ｎ-시아노-아미딘
IPC: C07D333/54
Filed: 2000-05-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 일반식 (I)의 신규 치환된 N-시아노-아미딘, 그의 제조방법 및 제초제로서의 그의 용도에 관한 것이다: 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서, 
     R 1 은 수소를 나타내거나, 각 경우에 임의로 치환된 알킬, 알케닐, 알키닐, 사이클로알킬, 사이클로알킬알킬, 아릴 또는 아릴알킬을 나타내고, 
     R 2 는 각 경우에 벤조-융합된, 피리도-융합된 또는 티에노-융합된 사이클로알크(엔)일, 옥사사이클로알크(엔)일 또는 티아사이클로알크(엔)일을 나타내며, 여기서 모든 사이클릭 또는 헤테로사이클릭 그룹은 치환될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020041788-A (KR)
IPC: H04N5/76
Filed: 2000-05-23
Abstract: 유저, 소프트웨어 어플리케이션, 컴퓨터 시스템등이 찾고자 하는 일 이상의 기준 이미지를 유저, 소프트웨어 어플리케이션, 컴퓨터 시스템등이 생성하거나, 식별하거나, 선택하거나, 제공하거나 제작하는 것을 가능하게 하는 단계, 광학 상관을 사용해서 그 기준 이미지에 비교될 일 이상의 후보 이미지를 검색하거나 생성하는 단계, 일 이상의 후보 이미지와 일 이상의 기준 이미지를 비교하는 단계, 및 일 이상의 후보 이미지와 일 이상의 기준 이미지 사이의 비교 결과 및 상관 및 매칭 정도를 나타내는 단계를 포함하는 이미지를 서치하고, 비교하는 방법이 제공된다.
Patent KR-20020026468-A (KR)
IPC: H01J37/244
Filed: 2000-06-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 하전된 입자 빔(4)을 제공하기 위한 입자 소스(2); 광축(6)을 가지며 표본(8) 상에 입자 빔을 포커싱하기 대물렌즈(10); 및 상기 대물렌즈(10)의 광축(6)에 위치된 입자 거울(14)을 포함하며,  상기 입자 거울(14)은 전면(27), 후면(28), 상기 후면(28)으로부터 전면(27)으로 상기 하전된 입자 빔(4)을 통과시키기 위해 상기 후면(28)으로부터 전면(27)에 이르는 드리프트 영역(26), 및 상기 표본(8)으로부터 나오는 하전된 입자를 검출기(16) 쪽으로 편향시키기 위해 상기 전면(27)상에 위치된 편향 영역(25)을 가지며, 상기 드리프트 영역(26)은 광축(6)으로부터 떨어져 위치되어 있는 하전 입자 장치(1)를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020077796-A (KR)
Inventor: COSENZA FRANK J
IPC: F16B13/04
Filed: 2002-01-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A blind fastener and a drive nut assembly are provided to improve the reliability by removing the irregularity about the forcible transformation of the drive nut into a nut head. CONSTITUTION: A blind fastener includes a screw(20), a sleeve(30), a nut(40), and a drive nut(50). The new drive nut has protruding nibs that mate precisely with a driving recess(46) located in the nut head(44). The protruding nibs of the new drive nut are not deformable and serve to replace the deformable annular ridge that was used in previous drive nut assemblies. The configuration of the protruding nibs and the recess in the nut head have many forms, so long as both parts are capable of being mated. Once the new assembly process for the blind fastener has been completed, the drive nut is going to be mated with the nut head to prevent any rotation of the nut during installation of the blind fastener. The assembly process include placing the sleeve over the threads of the screw to a position adjacent the screw head. The nut is then partially threaded onto the screw until the internal threads within the region of the enlarged nut head have not been completely threaded onto the screw. The protruding nibs of drive nut are next aligned and physically engaged into the driving recess of the nut head. The mated drive nut and nut are next rotated which results in the drive nut and nut being threaded onto the screw as a single unit and, therefore physically locked together. Thereby, the reliability is improved.
Patent KR-20030064484-A (KR)
Title: Mold Temperature Control System
Inventor: LIM CHAE BOK
IPC: B29C33/04
Filed: 2002-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system for controlling the temperature of a mold is provided to shorten the cycle time of forming, and to reduce the consumption of energy by quickly exchanging heat. CONSTITUTION: A closed loop passes through a circulation pump(12b), a heater(14), a mold(20), and an auxiliary tank(13) relieving the back pressure of circulating water introduced from the mold and separating air from the circulating water. Another closed loop passes through a cooler(11) and the auxiliary tank. Hot-water circulates through the auxiliary tank, the circulation pump, the heater, an expanded rubber hose(15), and the mold when heating the mold. Cold water circulates through the cooler, the auxiliary tank, the circulation pump, the heater, the expanded rubber hose, and the mold when cooling the mold.
Patent KR-20030065021-A (KR)
Title: Interactive short message serviec system in private mobile network and routing method therefor
Inventor: HAM YEONG CHEOL
IPC: H04M3/00
Filed: 2002-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An interactive SMS(Short Message Service) system in a private wireless network and its routing method are provided to allow a user to receive services of various contents provided by a private wireless network as well as PLMN(Public Land Mobile Network) and use an interactive SMS. CONSTITUTION: A pBSC(private Base Station Controller) receives a data bust message from an MS(200). The pBSC checks whether the MS has been registered for a private wireless network(202). If the MS has been registered for the private wireless network, the pBSC checks a teleservice ID from an IS-637-A format of the data bust message(204). If the ID is a teleservice ID indicating an interactive SMS, the pBSC analyzes a destination address(206). If private prefix is included in the destination address, the pBSC registers a private wireless network interactive SMS session state for a pHLR(private Home Location Register)(208) and routes to a private wireless network through a pMSC(private Mobile Switching Center)(210). If the destination address includes a public prefix, the pBSC releases the private wireless network interactive SMS session state(212) and routes to a PLMN through a BSC(214).
Patent KR-20030066058-A (KR)
Title: Spring hinge
Inventor: LEE DONG SUNG
IPC: E05F3/20
Filed: 2002-02-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A spring hinge for a front door is provided to restore a door to the initial location smoothly by giving regular elasticity to a door. CONSTITUTION: The spring hinge for a front door comprises a primary bearing body(5) composed of a hollow lower tube(4) fixed with a top plate(1) fixed to a doorframe, a lower cover(10) screwed on the lower tube(4), an elastic member interposed to the lower tube(4), a secondary bearing body(30) coupled to the upper part of the lower tube(4) by interposing a slide push, a tension controller for controlling elasticity of the elastic member, and a fastening nut(42) and a protective cap(45) screwed on a spiral part(19) of a shaft(20) projected outward from an upper bracket(39).
Patent KR-20020067666-A (KR)
Title: Power source circuit
Inventor: ANDO TSUTOMU
IPC: H02J7/00
Filed: 2002-02-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A power source circuit is provided to prevent a current from being caused to flow from a battery charger to a secondary battery in the over-charge detection state. CONSTITUTION: A power source circuit(100) comprises a positive external terminal(112) connected to a positive electrode of a secondary battery(101). The positive external terminal(112) is connected to either a battery charger(110) or a load(111) and the battery charger(110) or the load(111) is connected to the positive electrode of the secondary battery(101) through a switching device(102) and another switching device(103) connected in series. In addition, a charge and discharge controlling circuit(116) is connected in parallel with the secondary battery(101). The charge and discharge controlling circuit(116) has the function of detecting a voltage of the secondary battery(101) and a voltage developed across the switching devices(102,103).