Patent GB-1263693-A (GB)
Title: Water turbines and pumps
Inventor: BRAIKEVITCH MICHAEL
IPC: F03B13/08
Filed: 1968-03-05
Abstract: 1,263,693. Seals. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. 5 March, 1969 [5 March, 1968], No. 10672/68. Heading F2B. [Also in Division F1] The invention relates to a sealing device for preventing leakage of water between rotor and stator parts of a water turbine or pump, the invention being described with reference to a water turbine which comprises a runner disposed within a water tube and arranged to rotate about a horizontal axis, the runner carrying at the blade tips a rotor 18 of an electric generator, the water tube being defined in part by stationary tube members 24. The generator rotor 18 comprises a body portion 32 which is recessed at 68 between the points at which the rotor is secured to the tips of the runner blades, the recesses 68 being closed off by cover-plates 72. The stator tube 24 is formed with a flange 30 which lies closely adjacent the cover-plate 72. An annular seal member 41 is secured to the stator tube 24 being formed with annular recesses 50, 52, and having secured thereto a resilient seal member 40 which is formed with annular projections 42, 44 which extend towards but do not contact the surface 38 of an annular seal member 34 which is secured to the rotor 18 by means of a further annular member 36. Water under pressure is supplied through ducts, not shown, to the annular chambers 50, 52 between the seal member 41 and the resilient seal member 40 and urges the seal projections 42, 44 towards the rotary seal surface 38. Water under pressure is also supplied through duct 49 to the annular chamber 46 between the seal member 40 and projections 42, 44 and seal surface 38, the water tending to leak radially inwardly past the projection 42 to the annular space 48, also radially outwardly past the projection 44 to the annular space 54. The first leakage water eventually passes to the turbine duct and the second leakage water is removed by pumping through ducts 56, 64. Further seals are provided at 60, 62 between a stator member 58 and the rotary member 36. The arrangement is self-balancing in that should the clearance between say projection 42 and surface 38 increase the increased velocity of leakage water therebetween would result in reduced pressure of water and the uniform water pressure in the space 50 would cause the projection 42 to move towards the seal surface 38 to restore the desired clearance. An annular inflatable member 74 is disposed in a recess in the flange 30, the member being inflated when the turbine is stationary so as to provide a seal when inspection of the seals 42, 44 &c. is necessary. Vanes 35 are disposed on the member 34 and rotate with the rotor adjacent the flange 30 so as to act in the manner of a centrifugal pump to prevent leakage of turbine water towards the chamber 48. In a second embodiment, Fig. 3, the rotor body 32 is shown mounted on a runner blade 6, a ring member 302 defining a seal surface 304 being secured to the rotor. A ring member 306 is secured to the stator tube 24 and carries a number of resiliently-mounted sockets 308. Recessed annular members 314, 316 are carried by the ring member 306 by means of pins 318 secured to the members at flanges 320, the pins engaging in the sockets 308, nylon bushes 322 being interposed therebetween. The members 314, 316 carry rubber seal elements 324 which are disposed adjacent but not in contact with the rotor seal surface 304. Each annular member 314, 316 carries in its recess a rubber closure member 326 which is secured by a spring clip member 332. Water under pressure is supplied by duct means, not shown, to the annular space 334 enclosed between the ring member 306, the rotor surface 304, the annular members 314, 316 and the seal members 324. The water tends to leak radially inwardly past the inner seal 324 into the turbine duct and radially outwardly past the outer seal 324. Should the clearance at the inner seal 324 increase beyond the normal, the pressure of the leakage water acting on the annular surface indicated by arrow 342, Fig. 4, would decrease due to increased velocity of flow. The pressure of the water within chamber 334 effective on annular surface 340, Fig. 4, remaining constant would move the annular member 316 and seal member 324 to the right to restore the desired clearance.