Patent GB-813947-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous coating compositions
IPC: C09D133/06
Filed: 1957-02-11
Abstract: Aqueous coating compositions for application to bases of non-porous character, such as metals, glass, stoneware, ceramics, cement, concrete or brick masonry, asphalt tiles, plaster walls, rubber tiles, vinyl resin tiles, linoleum, or enamelled wood counters, tables and floors comprise (1) an ammonium or volatile amine salt of an approximately 1 : 1 mol. ratio copolymer from maleic anhydride and diisobutylene, said salt having an average molecular weight of about 500 to 5000; and (2) a water-insoluble linear addition polymer having at Ti value of at least 35 DEG  C., the proportions of (1) and (2) being from 4 to 6 parts by weight of the former to 6 parts of the latter.  The Ti value is the transition or inflection temperature which is found by plotting the modulus of rigidity against temperature.  The term "volatile" as applied to the amine denotes one boiling at a temperature up to 130 DEG  C. at atmospheric pressure. The terms "an ammonium salt" and "an amine salt" are meant to include the salts of the half-amides produced when the diisobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer is neutralized with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine.  Complex metal ammonium salts are also included. The composition may be applied to the substrate by a knife coater or by dipping, roller-coating, spraying or brushing and may be dried at room or elevated temperature to form a continuous film. There may also be incorporated in the composition dyestuffs, and waxes such as carnauba, candelilla, montan, lanoline, cocoa butter, cottonseed stearin, Japan wax, bayberry, myrtle, mace, palm kernel, beeswax, spermaceti, Chinese insect, mutton tallow, waxes from the hydrogenation of coconut oils, soybean, and mineral waxes such as paraffin, ceresin, montan or ozokerite.  Part of the wax may be replaced by wax-soluble resins or gums such as terpene-phenolic resins, run congo, wood rosin or oxidized petroleum wax.  In typical examples: (1) an asphalt tile is coated with an aqueous composition of a copolymer of 10 per cent ethyl acrylate with 90 per cent methyl methacrylate and the half-amide half-ammonium salt of a 1 : 1 molar copolymer of maleic anhydride and diisobutylene; (3) a mixture of a diluted dispersion as in (1) with a dispersion of carnauba wax is used to coat linoleum, giving a glossy surface.ALSO:An aqueous coating composition comprises (1) an ammonium or volatile amine salt of an approximately 1 : 1 mol. ratio copolymer from maleic anhydride and diisobutylene, said salt having an average molecular weight of about 500 to 5000, and (2) a water-insoluble linear addition polymer having a Ti value of at least 35 DEG  C., the proportions between (1) and (2) being from 4 to 6 parts by weight of the former to 6 to 4 parts of the latter. The Ti value is the transition or inflection temperature which is found by plotting the modulus of rigidity against temperature. The term "volatile" as applied to the amine denotes one boiling at a temperature up to 130 DEG  C. at atmospheric pressure.  Specified amines are methylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, isopropylamine, morpholine, piperidine and pyrrolidine.  The terms "an ammonium salt" and "an amine salt" are meant to include the salts of the half-amides produced when the diisobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer is neutralized with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine.  Complex metal ammonium salts are also included.  The copolymer salt (referred to as "component B") may be produced by copolymerization in an organic solvent, such as xylene or dioxane in the presence of an initiator such as benzoyl or lauroyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide or t-butyl perbenzoate followed by distillation of the solvent or precipitation of the copolymer, which may then be fractionated to substantial homogeneity.  The salts may be formed by neutralization with ammonia or the amine complex zinc ammonium/half-amide salts are prepared by adding a complex zinc ammonium salt such as zinc ammonium acetate.  Complex salts where the metal is copper, cobalt or nickel may also be used.  The polymer of Ti value at least 35 DEG  C. (referred to as "component A") may be formed by emulsion polymerization and copolymerization of monomers selected from vinyl acetate, the acrylates of alcohols of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and methacrylates of alcohols having 5 to 18 carbon atoms (such monomers requiring to be copolymerized with "hard comonomer", e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride).  As dispersing agents in such polymerization there may be used anionic dispersing agents, such as sodium or potassium isopropylbenzene or isopropylnaphthalene sulphonates, sodium octylsulphosuccinate, sodium N-methyl-N-palmitoyltaurate or sodium isothionate or alkali metal salts of alkylarylpolyethoxyethanol sulphates or sulphonates.  Suitable non-ionic dispersing agents include alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols having alkyl groups of 7 to 18 carbon atoms and 6 to 60 oxyethylene groups; compounds made by condensing 6 to 60 mols. of ethylene oxide with nonyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl and t-dodecyl mercaptans or with alkylthiophenols; ethylene oxide derivatives of long-chained acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic or tall oil acids; ethylene oxide condensation products of long-chained alcohols such as octyl, decyl, lauryl or cetyl; ethylene oxide condensates of etherified or esterified polyhydroxy compounds having an hydrophobic carbon chain, or of long-chain or branched-chain amines; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.  Component B (all or part of the final amount) may also be used as the emulsifier.  When the composition is applied to a substrate and heated component B is converted to the free acid and/or amide and/or imide form by volatilization of ammonia or amine.  There may be incorporated dyestuffs and also waxes such as carnauba, candellila, montan, lanoline, cocoa butter, cottonseed stearin, Japan wax, bayberry, myrtle, mace, palm kernel, beeswax, spermaceti, Chinese insect, mutton tallow, waxes from the hydrogenation of coconut oils, soybean, and mineral waxes such as paraffin, ceresin, montan or ozokerite, which may be dispersed by the above agents or amine salts of soap. Part of the wax may be replaced by wax-soluble resins or gums such as terpene-phenolic resins, run congo, wood resin or oxidized petroleum wax.  Examples describe aqueous compositions of (1) a copolymer of 10 per cent ethyl acrylate with 90 per cent of methyl methacrylate and the half-amide half ammonium salt of a 1 : 1 molar copolymer of maleic anhydride with diisobutylene; (2) the same component B with various ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymers; (3) a diluted dispersion as in (1) with an aqueous dispersion of carnauba wax; (4) an acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate copolymer and the half-amide/half-ammonium salt of the maleic anhydridedissobutylene copolymer; (5) a butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer and the half-amide/half-complex zinc ammonium salt of the maleic anhydride/diisobutylene copolymer; (6) a methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate copolymer and the diisopropylamine salt of the half N,N-diisopropyl amide of the maleic anhydride/diisobutylene copolymer.