Patent GB-717407-A (GB)
Title: Formed detergents
IPC: C11D10/04
Filed: 1950-10-17
Abstract: A detergent in shaped form, suitable for repeated use after the manner of soap tablets, consists of or comprises a primary and/or secondary ester of orthophosphoric acid, or a salt of such an ester, wherein at least one hydrocarbon group having at least 8 carbon atoms is linked to the phosphoric acid radicle through a chain of the general formula O(RO)n, in which R denotes an aliphatic divalent radicle containing at least two carbon atoms and n denotes an integer not less than 2.  In the preparation of suitable esters, a compound containing the surface-active radicle (i.e. the hydrocarbon group having at least 8 carbon atoms, referred to above) may be condensed with a compound supplying the (RO)n chain and carrying a hydroxyl group, and the condensation product then esterified with orthophosphoric acid. Thus, oleic acid can be reacted with a plurality of molecules of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and the reaction product esterified with orthophosphoric acid.  It is also possible, however, to react oleic acid amide with ethylene oxide and esterify the reaction product with orthophosphoric acid. Alternatively, the compound carrying the hydroxyl group may first be converted into an orthophosphoric acid ester, and then the surface-active radicle introduced into the molecule of the ester so that it is linked to the phosphorus atom through the (RO)n chain. Where, in the preparation of the esters, the material to be esterified with orthophosphoric acid contains in its molecule more than one hydroxyl group available for esterification, polyesters of orthophosphoric acid may be produced and utilized in the shaped detergents.  The secondary esters or their salts can carry the same surface-active radicle twice or two different surface active radicles in the same molecule.  Alternatively, they may contain only one surface-active radicle.  Salts of the esters mentioned are the alkali, ammonia and amine salts.  The shaped detergents may also contain adjuvant materials (see Group III).  In the examples, shaped detergents are prepared from mixtures of (1) sodium stearate, sodium salt of mono-(dibutylphenyl)-polyglycol (10 ethylene oxide radicles) orthophosphate and water, and (2) monolauryl orthophosphate, mono-octadecyl orthophosphate, the orthophosphoric acid mono- and di-esters of dibutylphenylpolyglycol (10 ethylene oxide radicles), water and sufficient caustic soda to bring the pH of the mixture to 6-7.ALSO:A detergent in shaped form, suitable for repeated use after the manner of soap tablets, consists of or comprises a primary and/or secondary ester of orthophosphoric acid, or a salt of such an ester, wherein at least one hydrocarbon group having at least 8 carbon atoms is linked to the phosphoric acid radicle through a chain of the general formula O(RO)n in which R denotes an aliphatic divalent radicle containing at least two carbon atoms and n denotes an integer not less than 2.  In the preparation of suitable esters, a compound containing the surface-active radicle (i.e. the hydrocarbon group having at least 8 carbon atoms, referred to above) may be condensed with a compound supplying the (RO)n chain and carrying a hydroxyl group, and the condensation product then esterified with orthophosphoric acid.  Thus, oleic acid can be reacted with a plurality of molecules of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and the reaction product esterified with orthophosphoric acid.  It is also possible, however, to react oleic acid amide with ethylene oxide and esterify the reaction product with orthophosphoric acid. Alternatively, the compound carrying the hydroxyl group may first be converted into an orthophosphoric acid ester, and then the surface active radicle introduced into the molecule of the ester so that it is linked to the phosphorus atom through the (RO)n chain.  Where, in the preparation of the esters, the material to be esterified with orthophosphoric acid contains in its molecule more than one hydroxyl group available for esterification, polyesters of orthophosphoric acid may be produced and utilized in the shaped detergents.  The secondary esters or their salts can carry the same surface-active radicle twice or two different surface-active radicles in the same molecule.  Alternatively they may contain only one surface-active radicle.  Salts of the esters mentioned are the alkali, ammonia and amine salts.  The shaped detergents may contain adjuvant materials such as soaps, other synthetic detergents (of which a list is given) filling agents and building agents.  Thus, they may contain water glass, phosphates including polyphosphates and metaphosphates, borax, water-soluble cellulose derivatives, alginates, water-soluble starches, polyvinyl alcohol and water-soluble salts of polyhydroxy acids.  Filling materials particularly mentioned are the salts of phosphoric acid esters of starch, cellulose, other polysaccharides, polyglycerol, polyglycol or polyvinyl alcohol.  In the examples, shaped detergents are prepared from mixtures of (1) sodium stearate, sodium salt of mono-(dibutyl-phenyl)-polyglycol (10 ethylene oxide radicles) orthophosphate and water, and (2) monolauryl orthophosphate, mono-octadecyl orthophosphate, the orthophosphoric acid mono- and di-esters of dibutylphenylpolyglycol (10 ethylene oxide radicles), water and sufficient caustic soda to bring the pH of the mixture to 6-7.