Patent GB-942085-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermoplastic film manufacture
Inventor: EULING TERENCE MARTIN
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1961-02-10
Abstract: 942,085. Tubular films. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Jan. 22, 1962 [Feb. 10, 1961], No. 5015/61. Heading B5B. Tubular films of organic thermoplastic from a die in association with which are means for preventing rupture of the film, means for evaporating volatile liquids from and/or cooling the film, and a feed control means comprising at least two speed-controlled moving surfaces which at least partially surround and grip the film longitudinally. The film is then inflated, after heating, if necessary, and hauled off at a speed greater than the feed speed thereby to biaxially orientate and stretch the film. The evaporative and/or cooling means, which may or may not form part of the body of equipment containing the extrusion die, render the film sufficiently " non-sticky " to prevent it sticking to, or being marred by, the feed control means. The inflating gas is supplied via a passage in the extrusion die. The feed control preferably comprises external driving or driven means which is positively connected to the moving surfaces, e.g. a speed-controlled electric motor coupled through worm reduction gearing. The means for preventing rupture of the film may be e.g. an external solid support such as a tube, means to equalize the pressures inside and outside the tubular film, or an internal baffle, isolating the inflation pressure from the pressure inside the film near the die. The baffle may comprise an internal air bearing, e.g. a cylinder of sintered metal to which air is supplied under pressure. Means for heating the tubular film preferably comprises infra-red radiation supplied from at least two heaters, one of which is mounted inside the tubular film. The process may be applied to melt-extruded film with or without quenching or to film extruded from a solution or dispersion in a volatile liquid which is subsequently evaporated. The process may be applied to any organic thermoplastic capable of being biaxially oriented such as polyglycol terephthalates, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate; copolymers of isophthalic and terephthalic acids with glycols; vinylidene polymers, e.g. containing 80-95% vinylidene chloride and 20-5% acrylonitrile and copolymers thereof with vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride ; polyamides; polystyrene; cellulose esters ; proteins; rubber hydrochloride and polyolefines having a degree of crystallinity (measured by X-ray diffraction) above 50%, e.g. polythene and isotactic polypropylene. In a preferred embodiment, Fig. 1, thermoplastic film 1 is extruded from annular die 2, and passed through cooled sizing die 3. The film is then gripped by feed control means comprising longitudinally V-grooved and continuous foam rubber endless belts 13 carried by hard rubber or fabric belts 14 mounted on drive rollers 15, driven by speed-controlled motor (not shown). The tubular film then passes through aperture 16 in housing 17 containing infra-red radiator 18 surrounding the tube. A rotatable internal infra-red heater 19 is mounted on tube 20 which also carries baffle and locator 21, which comprises a chromium-plated and sand-blasted brass cylinder having a passage therethrough for air supply. The inflated film, further heated by radiators 22, is collapsed by rollers 23 and flattened by nip rolls 24. To reduce the effects of convection from heater 19, the air between it and locator 21 may be replaced continuously via tube 20. An alternative feed control means (Fig. 2) comprises a plurality of cylindrical foam rubber surfaced rollers 25, driven by bevel gears. The process allows the melt extrusion of isotactic polypropylene at more than 10 feet per minute at 250-300 C., to form film which may be flattened without cracking at the crease, and subsequently slit down one edge only to form film of double width. Specification 820,620 is referred to.