baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-756798-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydroforming
IPC: C10G35/14
Filed: 1954-06-18
Abstract: In the hydroforming of naphthas boiling in the gasoline range by a process which comprises contacting the naphthas at elevated temperatures and pressures with a fluidized bed of a hydroforming catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, the crude product from the hydroforming zone is fractionated, and at least a portion of the fraction boiling between 225 DEG  and 300 DEG  F. is recycled to the hydroforming zone.  In a preferred <PICT:0756798/IV(a)/1> process a feed consisted of a naphtha containing 10 per cent aromatics, 45 per cent naphthene, and 45 per cent paraffins and a C5 fraction containing 75 per cent normal pentane was fed to a reactor 1 containing a fluidized catalyst C which is divided into two compartments by a gas distributer G1.  A hydrogen-containing gas enters through line 6.  The resulting crude product leaves through line 7 and after passing a heat-exchanger 8, and a cooler 10 it proceeds to a separation drum 12 where the gaseous material is removed.  The liquid passes to a fractional distillation column 14 from whence a side stream comprising a fraction boiling in the range 140-225 DEG  F. passes directly to drum 16 together with a fraction boiling at about 300-350 DEG  F.  A portion of the hydrocarbon boiling at 225-300 DEG  F. withdrawn from drum 16 passes through line 20 and is recirculated via line 6 to reactor 1.  The catalyst which is preferably 9-12 per cent of molybdenum oxide on alumina is regenerated by passing it through a stripping zone 40, treating with steam and then passing into a regenerator 43.
Patent GB-629196-A (GB)
Title: Piperidine derivatives
Filed: 1947-07-08
Abstract: Piperidine derivatives of the general formula <FORM:0629196/IV (b)/1> where R is a cyclohexyl or aryl group, R1 is a branched or non-branched alkyl group and R11 is hydrogen or a methyl group, are prepared by reacting the corresponding 1-alkyl-piperidone-(4) with an aryl-lithium compound in an inert solvent or diluent and acylating the addition product, said acylation being carried out after hydrolysis followed by hydrogenation in the case where a phenyl lithium compound is used and a cyclohexyl derivative is desired.  The reaction with the aryl lithium compound takes place in inert solvents or diluents such as ether, benzene, cyclohexane, dioxane, isopropyl ether or pyridine.  The acylation is conveniently carried out by reaction with an acyl halide or acid anhydride such as the chlorides or anhydrides of acetic or propionic acid in an inert solvent such as acetone or benzene; and acid binding agent such as pyridine or potassium carbonate may be present, or sulphuric acid and sodium acetate may be added.  Hydrogenation to convert the phenyl group " R " into a cyclohexyl group is carried out by treatment with hydrogen, preferably under pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, such as platinum, in a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dioxane or ethyl acetate. The piperidine derivatives may be converted into their salts with organic or inorganic acids such as tartaric, maleic, citric, sulphuric, sulphonic or the hydrohalic acids.  In examples: (1) 1-isopropyl-4-piperidone is added to phenyl lithium in benzol, the product is treated with propionic anhydride, and hydrochloric acid is added to give the hydrochloride of 1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine, which is converted to the free base by treatment with 1-isopropyl-4-piperidone and the resulting 1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4-lithiumoxy-piperidine is decomposed with dilute hydrchloric acid to give 1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine which is converted to the hydrochloride, catalytically reduced to 1-isopropyl-4-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxypiperidine hydrochloride and finally treated with propionic anhydride to give 1-isopropyl-4-cyclohexyl - 4 - propionoxy - piperidine hydrochloride; and (3) by using 1 : 3-dimethyl-4-piperidone in place of 1-isopropyl-4-piperidone in the process of (2) there is obtained 1 : 3-dimethyl - 4 - cyclohexyl - 4 - propionoxy piperidine hydrochloride.  Aryl-lithium compounds are prepared by reacting lithium metal with aromatic halogeno compounds such as bromobenzene and bromonaphthalene.
Patent GB-732015-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of pentaerythritol
IPC: C07C31/24
Filed: 1953-06-29
Abstract: Calcium-free pentaerythritol is obtained directly from the crude pentaerythritol solution, produced by the condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of calcium hydroxide, by neutralizing the solution with formic acid and then evaporating only to such an extent that the calcium formate remains in solution, cooling the solution and separating the crystallized pentaerythritol, then further evaporating until the most of the calcium formate has crystallized, filtering off the formate, and then cooling the solution to solution to crystallize further pentaerythritol.  The process may be repeated on the residual solution to crystallize and separate further quantities of calcium formate and pentaerythritol. The pentaerythritol recovered in the second stage is freed from dipentaerythritol by redissolution, recrystallization and filtering through a filter of such mesh that the pentaerythritol crystals are retained but not the dipentaerythritol.  The pH of the crude solution is preferably adjusted to 7-8 by adding formic acid before the first evaporation stage.  A preliminary separation of polypentaerythritol and inorganic impurities may be effected by cooling and filtering the crude material.  Specification 705,625 is referred to.ALSO:Calcium-free pentaerythritol is obtained directly from the crude pentaerythritol solution, produced by the condensation of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in the presence of calcium hydroxide, by neutralizing the solution with formic acid and then evaporating only to such an extent that the calcium formate formed remains in solution, cooling the solution and separating the crystallized pentaerythritol then further evaporating until the most of the calcium formate has crystallized, filtering off the formate, and then cooling the solution to crystallize further pentaerythritol.  The process may be repeated on the residual solution to crystallize and separate further quantities of calcium formate and pentaerythritol. The pentaerythritol recovered in the second stage is freed from dipentaerythritol by redissolution, recrystallization and filtering through a filter of such mesh that the pentaerythritol crystals are retained but not the dipentaerythritol.  The pH of the crude solution is preferably adjusted to 7-8 by adding formic acid before the first evaporation stage.  A preliminary separation of polypentaerythritol and inorganic impurities may be effected by cooling and filtering the crude material.  Specification 705,625 [Group IV (b)], is referred to.
Patent GB-478489-A (GB)
Title: Process for extracting alumina from bauxite
IPC: C01F7/062
Filed: 1937-06-29
Abstract: In the extraction of alumina from bauxite with hot alkali solution, the finely divided sludge produced is continuously or intermittently removed from the bauxite being treated.  The process may be carried out under pressure by passing spent aluminate lye, preferably concentrated to 30 DEG  B<\>ae., at 160--180 DEG  C. upwards through a tower or towers charged with bauxite, and the rate of flow may be so adjusted that at least a part of the bauxite is kept in suspension during the treatment.  When two or more towers are used, extraction is effected on the counter-current principle.  The rate of flow or the amount of sludge removed may be controlled by various means; for instance, the sectional area of the tower may increase in steps from bottom to top; or a part of the solution may be withdrawn from the upper part of the tower or at some intermediate level and be recirculated through the tower; or the liquid in the tower may be given a rotary motion, as by introducing it tangentially or employing stirring means, and the solution leave the top of the tower by a centrally disposed pipe or through a rotary device fitted with shovel members, whereby the coarser particles of sludge are retained in the tower.  The sludge-bearing solution may be retained in a separate tower to allow reaction to proceed to completion, and the sludge be then separated by filtration or centrifuging.
Patent GB-1199941-A (GB)
Title: A Gas Breather Assembly
Inventor: JAGGARD PETER CHARLES
IPC: B01D53/26
Filed: 1967-04-19
Abstract: 1,199,941. Desiccant-containing transformer breathers. W. R. GRACE & CO. 10 April, 1968 [19 April, 1967], No. 18082/67. Heading B1L. A transformer breather comprises a glass container 1 for desiccant, e.g. coloured silica gel through which air passes only when a change in pressure in the transformer housing is sufficient to allow the air stream to pass through an oil seal constituted by glass container 24 filled with oil to level 28. As air in the housing expands, air passes through expanded metal guard 29, through space 27, through the oil seal, out through openings 13 and perforated plates 8 into the desiccant in container 1, and thence through perforated plate 4 to the atmosphere. On contraction the air stream is reversed and the desiccant removes moisture from the air which passes to the interior of the housing. When the desiccant is exhausted, container 1 is replaced without dismantling the entire assembly by loosening wing nuts 20, so allowing two adjacent rods 19 (see Fig. 2, not shown) to be slid out of slots in the edge of plate 15 in which they are located.
Patent GB-160191-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric ovens
IPC: F27B3/12
Filed: 1920-01-20
Abstract: 160,191. Hewson, F. T. Jan. 20, 1920. Oven details.-Inner and outer casings 1, 2, Fig. III., spaced by heat-insulating distance pieces 3, have their edges secured together without metallic contact or overlapping, the gaps between the metallic parts being bridged by non-conducting connecting pieces 4 strengthened by backing strips 9. The strips, &c., are secured together, without metallic contact, by rivets or bolts or otherwise. As shown, there are two plates 7, 8 thus connected between the inner and outer casings, and one of these plates 8 forms a bevel seating for the oven door. Inner and outer plates 16, 17, Fig. IV., of the door are similarly connected. A window comprises a pane 15 held by clips 23 in the door. Above the window is a vent consisting of coaxial tubes attached to the inner and outer plates separated by non-conducting materials.
Patent GB-1183476-A (GB)
Title: Methods of making Articles having a Low Temperature Coefficient of the Modules of Elasticity
IPC: H01F1/14
Filed: 1967-04-20
Abstract: 1,183,476. Alloys. INSTITUT DR. ING. REINHARD STRAUMANN A. G. April 20, 1967 [April 22, 1966], No.18161/67. Heading C7A. In a method of producing a metallic, paramagnetic material of cubic or hexagonal crystal structure having a temperature coefficient of the modulus of elasticity between -10<SP>-4</SP> and +10<SP>-4</SP> per degree C., components of the material are so selected that the material exhibits an atomic paramagnetic susceptibility greater than 50.10<SP>-6</SP> emE/g-atom at room temperature and a negative temperature coefficient of the susceptibility, the components are melted together, and a preferred orientation of the crystals is produced by at least a mechanical or a thermal treatment of the material, said preferred orientation, when the structure is cubic, being defined by the mean value of the product sum of the direction cosine taken over all the crystal orientations with respect to the stress direction, the value being greater than 0À2 for the elasticity modulus and less than 0À2 for the sheer modulus, and said preferred orientation, when the structure is hexagonal, being defined by the mean value of the direction cosine taken over all the crystal orientations between the hexagonal axis and the stress direction, the value being less than 0À25 for the elasticity modulus and greater than 0À25 for the shear modulus. Specified mechanical and thermal treatments are drawing, rolling and annealing. In an example, Nb/10-40% Zr is rapidly cooled from 1000C., cold-drawn, and heated at 550 -600 C. Other specified alloys are (a) Nb/2-10% Cr, (b) Nb/40 atom % Ir, (c) Re/33 atom % W, and (d) Rh/33 atom % Ca. Uses. Vibratory elements such as spiral springs and tuning forks, electro-mechanical filters, and components required to retain rigidity over wide temperature ranges such as in turbines, aircraft and rockets.
Patent GB-458691-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric condensers, resonant circuits and inductances
IPC: H01G4/258
Filed: 1935-06-26
Abstract: 458,691. Condensers. SULLIVAN, Ltd., H. W., 73, Leo Street, Peckham, and GRIFFITHS, W. H. F., 220, Court Road, Eltham, both in London. June 26, 1935, No. 18301. [Class 37] [See also Group XL] An air or composite dielectric condenser with constant dielectric gap has the effective area of its plates controlled by the bending of a bimetal strip the movement of which is in a plane parallel to those of the plates. In one example, Fig. 10, the fixed plates 45 are so shaped and mounted that by altering their position the temperature coefficient of capacity can be altered from positive to negative. The moving plate 44 is mounted on a bimetal strip 42 held in a pillar 43. A bank of movable plates on a number of parallel bimetal strips may coact with a corresponding series of fixed plates, and further, a number of these sets may be arranged radially round a central pillar. A compensating condenser or condensers may be embodied structurally in fixed or variable condensers and in the latter case a number of compensating condensers may be arranged to be effective only when the rotor of the condenser is opposite their position. Fig. 15 shows an example in which the movement of the bimetal strip 49 is magnified mechanically through a lever 52 pivoted at 53 to increase the movement of the plate with respect to the fixed plates 54. The compensation afforded may be not only in respect of temperature variations in the capacity of condensers, but also for such variations in the inductance of circuits or coils and compensating condensers may be structurally embodied with inductances.
Patent GB-568842-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tethering appliances in cow-stalls and the like
IPC: A01K1/04
Filed: 1943-11-04
Abstract: 568,842. Tethering animals. BAILEY, C. Nov. 4, 1943, No. 18309. [Class-62] In a cow stall or the like, the vertical guide bar j, to which the tether or collar chain is loosely attached, passes through a hole in an upper bracket a and is held in the closed position against the action of spring n with its lower end k<2> in a socket in a bracket b by the engagement of a swivelling link m with the lip h of the bracket a. Disengagement of the link m allows the bar to slide clear of the socket and immediately release the tether. Instead of being located as shown, the spring n may be disposed in the socket of the bracket b. -
Patent GB-152785-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to boilers particularly intended for vaporising mercuryor other fluid having a high boiling point
IPC: F22B3/02
Filed: 1919-07-23
Abstract: 152,785. British Thomson - Houston Co., (General Electric Co.). July 23, 1919. Coiled-tube superheaters. - Steam generated in condensing the exhaust from an engine driven by the vapour of mercury or other liquid having a high boiling point is superheated in coiled tubes 30 at the sides of the boiler in which the liquid is vaporized.
Patent GB-932619-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a method for the production of compositions suitable for the damp-proofiing of building structures
Inventor: HARDINGHAM DEREK DONALD
IPC: C04B26/14
Filed: 1960-05-24
Abstract: Sound, ground quartz or ground barytes are coated with an epoxide resin containing more than one epoxy group per molecule or with a resinous curing agent for the epoxide resin.  In the examples:-(i) sand is coated with an aniline-formaldehyde resin by mixing at 100 DEG C. and (ii), and (iii) quartz is coated with an epoxide resin derived from diphenylolpropane and epichlolorydrin. Specification 906,639 is referredALSO:A method for the production of hardenable compositions comprising an inorganic particulate filler, an epoxide resin having on an average more than one epoxy group per molecule and a curing agent for the epoxy resin comprises (a) coating the filler particles with the epoxide resin and mixing the coated particles with the curing agent or (b) when the curing agent is a resinous compound, coating the filler particles with the resinous curing agent and mixing the coated particles with the epoxide resin or with a further amount of filler the particles of which have been previously coated with an epoxide resin.  Specified fillers are sand, ground quartz or ground barytes.  Specified epoxides are the reaction products of polyhydric phenols with epihalohydrins and epoxidized ethylenic compounds.  The preferred curing agent is an aniline-formaldehyde resin.  Solvents and/or diluents, e.g. toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, triphenyl phosphite, phenyl glycidyl ether and allyl glycidyl ether, additional fillers, e.g. chalk, slate flour and montmorillonite, plasticizers, e.g. polysulphide rubbers, dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate and vinyl resins, cellulose butyrate acetate, phenolic resins, dyes, pigments and accelerators, e.g. phenol, may be present in the reaction mixture.  Two examples are given. Specification 906,639 is referred to.
Patent GB-895909-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric logical circuits
Inventor: MORGAN LEONARD PETER
IPC: G06F7/506
Filed: 1959-08-12
Abstract: 895,909. Parallel binary adders. MULLARD Ltd. May 29, 1959 [Aug. 12, 1958; Aug. 18, 1958; Dec. 30, 1958], Nos. 18380/59, 26505/58 and 42063/58. Divided out of 887,933. Class 106 (1). A half-adder circuit comprises two transistors T1 and T2 (Fig. 4) with their emitters and bases cross-coupled as shown, so that when the input signals applied through switches to resistances Rs are equal both transistors are substantially cut off to give a zero sum signal at their commoned collectors, and when the inputs are different one transistor will conduct to give a " sum=1 " signal. When both inputs are 1, the emitters of T1 and T2 are at a higher potential than with other input combinations, and T3 and T4 will conduct (their bases are held at a suitable fixed voltage) to give a carry signal at their commoned collectors. A parallel binary adder may be built up in conventional manner from pairs of these half-adders; however an increase in the speed of carry propagation is effected by the arrangement of Fig. 5 in which A represents a half-adder as above described receiving the binary inputs of denomination n, and the second half-adder has a circuit generally similar except that T3 and T4 are replaced by diodes D1 and D2 (for correct operation the reference potential at X should be increased by 0.5 v. per denomination). Diode D3 and constant-current source I reduce the load on a carry input to the value of this current. Fig. 7 shows part of a parallel adder in which propagation of carries is further speeded by grouping the stages into sections of m stages, each of which routes any carry received from the lower section direct to the higher if at least one " 1 " input is applied to each stage; Fig. 9 (not shown) shows a combination of diode " or " gates with a half-adder A, and Fig. 10 (not shown) shows a transistor circuit providing the other necessary gates for this carry-skip arrangement.
Patent GB-477994-A (GB)
Title: New or improved road or track sanding apparatus
IPC: B60B39/06
Filed: 1936-07-03
Abstract: 477,994. Distributers for sand. ALLEN, J. July 3, 1936, No. 18454. [Class 6 (i)] [Also in Group XXXII] Road or track sanding-apparatus for use on vehicles comprises a sand-container a, flow of sand from which to a chamber c<2> having an outlet slot m<1> facing a rotary sand-spreader m is controlled automatically by a flap-valve o connected to a governor mounted on the shaft d of the spreader m so that sand is admitted to the chamber c<2> proportionately with the speed of rotation of the spreader. As shown, the spreader m has a series of radial vanes fixed to a central boss secured to the shaft d which extends into an upper chamber cl and is rotatable through a bevel pinion j and a wheel k keyed to a power-shaft l which is adapted to be driven by an electric motor, or from the vehicle engine or wheels under the control of a pedal adjacent the brake or clutch pedal, or a hand-grip on the steering-wheel. The governor comprises balls or elements e pivoted to a fixed collar f and having projections engaging a groove g<1> in a sleeve g slidable on the shaft d, a second groove g<2> in the sleeve being engaged by one end of a lever h pivoted in lugs i fixed to the top of the chamber c<1>. An arm p on the spindle of the valve o is connected by a link q, arm r, and link s to the outer end of the lever h. In operation, on rotation of the shaft d the governor elements e draw down the sleeve g which in turn rotates the lever h to open the valve o so that sand flows from the container through a pipe into the path of the spreader and is forced thereby through the opening m<1>. The chambers c<1>, c<2> may be separate or, as shown, formed in a single cylinder c and together with the container a and driving motor (if used) are mounted on a bracket b bolted to the vehicle chassis. To give access to the mechanism within the cylinder, one part thereof may be formed as a door in the lower part of which the opening m<1> is provided. There may be a separate sanding- apparatus for each rear wheel driven by its own or by a common motor.
Patent GB-611597-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the attachment of flexible covering material to folding doors and the like
IPC: E06B3/94
Filed: 1946-06-20
Abstract: 611,597. Screens. WESTLAND ENGINEERS, Ltd., MATTHEWS, E., and McTURK, A. S. June 20, 1946, No. 18600. [Class 52(iv)] [Also in Groups I, X, and XXV] A flexible covering e for a folding screen is attached to a post a by means of projecting lugs spaced apart on one or both faces of the post which are threaded through slits, holes or slots in an internally folded part of the covering, and afterwards engage a perforated retaining strip h. In the form shown, the post a is of circular cross-section with radially projecting tongues b to which the lugs (not shown) are attached by rivets d. The metal strip h is of U- section to give stiffness and is secured in position by bending its upper end over the post or by a screw &c. Specification 611,408, [Group X], is referred to.
Patent GB-1207248-A (GB)
Title: Feed apparatus for use with machines for finishing gear wheels
IPC: B23F19/06
Filed: 1968-04-19
Abstract: 1,207,248. Gear finishing. CARL HURTH MASCHINENUND ZAHNRADFABRIK. 19 April, 1968 [26 May, 1967], No. 18649/68. Heading B3K. The feed mechanism of a gear finishing machine comprises a fixed-throw displacement means and an adjustable stop member adapted to introduce a variable amount of play or lost motion into the feed action of said means. The feed screw 9 for the worktable of a gear shaving machine engages a non-rotatable feed nut 10 to which is fixed a cam member 13 having a profile adapted to provide the desired feed motions (rapid and slow infeed, dwell &c.) to the screw 9 through engagement with a rotatable roller carrier 16 having rollers 14, 15. The carrier 16 is rotated by worm drive 19, 18. An adjustable abutment 33 with an inclined face adapted to match a similarly inclined face on the end portion of an extension 30 of the feed nut 10 limits the extent of return feed movement of the nut 10, screw 9 and therefore also of the worktable so that a measure of play is introduced between the cam 13 and the rollers 14, 15 for part of the rotation of the roller carrier 16.