Patent GB-424867-A (GB)
Title: A process for splitting up a liquid mixture into its components or groups of components
IPC: B01D11/04
Filed: 1933-05-23
Abstract: In the separation at constant temperature of the components of liquid mixtures containing at least two organic compounds, of which at least one is polar, the mixture is introduced into a column at an intermediate point, an extracting solvent at one end and a washing liquid, consisting of (or substantially of) the more soluble component of the mixture at the other end.  The solvent may be a saturated hydrocarbon with straight or branched chain structure, an olefine, or an aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon; liquid sulphur dioxide or ammonia; or an organic solvent containing one or more of the groups NO2, CN, SCN, CO, CH2OH, CHOH, COH, CCl and NH2; and the initial mixtures may contain sulpho, nitro, aldehyde, amino or hydroxy groups.  If a constituent of the mixture is solid, it is retained in solution throughout the process by adding a suitable solvent. Preferably non-polar compounds are removed from the mixture before effecting the separation according to the invention; for instance terpenes and sesquiterpenes should be removed from essential oils.  The invention is stated to be applicable to the separation of mixtures of substances containing a different number of the same polar groups (e.g. dinitrobenzene and nitrobenzene or substances containing one and two hydroxy groups); or substances containing polar groups of different intensity (e.g. furfural and furfuryl alcohol); a phenol and a higher alcohol such as dibutyl alcohol, the solvent being water and the washing agent phenol; glycol and glycol ethers, the solvent being ether, and the washing agent glycol ether; isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl acetate and water, the solvent being benzene and the washing agent isopropyl acetate; ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol, the solvent being calcium chloride solution and the washing agent alcohol; glycol, glycerin, and water, the solvent being chloroform and the washing agent glycol; methyl and amyl alcohols, the solvent being heptane and the washing agent amyl alcohol; nitroglycerin and glycerin, the solvent being water and the washing agent glycerin; sulpho-acids and petroleum oils, the solvent being ether or a higher alcohol such as amyl alcohol and the washing agent the sulpho-acids, preferably in a solvent which is preferably miscible with the first solvent; and glycol and glycol chlorhydrin, the solvent being ether or a higher alcohol.  The separation of phenols from tars by means of alcohol and the separation of geraniol and citronellal from citronella oil are also mentioned. Disclaimers refer to Specifications 355,294, [Group III], and 390,716.ALSO:In the separation of constant temperature of the components of liquid mixtures containing at least two organic compounds, at least one of which is polar, the mixture is introduced into a column at an intermediate point, an extracting solvent at one end, and a washing liquid consisting of (or substantially of) the more soluble component of the mixture at the other end.  The solvent may be a saturated hydrocarbon with straight or branched chain structure, an olefine, or an aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon; liquid sulphur dioxide or ammonia; or an organic solvent containing one or more of the groups NO2, CN, SCN, CO, CH2OH, CHOH, COH, CCl, and NH2; and the initial mixture may be sulpho-acids and petroleum oils, the solvent being ether or a higher alcohol such as amyl alcohol and the washing agent the sulphoacids preferably in a solvent which is preferably miscible with the first solvent.  Disclaimers refer to Specifications 355,294 and 390,716.