baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1424551-A (GB)
Title: Method of and device for skeletonizing characters
IPC: G06V30/168
Filed: 1973-01-25
Abstract: 1424551 Character recognition systems PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 25 Jan 1973 [28 Jan 1972] 3834/73 Heading G4R A character recognition apparatus performs a thinning operation on a character represented on an array of character points in an array of background points. The thinning takes place in a sequence of similar cycles. In each cycle the array is subjected to an edge criterion test, see below, and the character points satisfying this criterion are marked by associating data with them. The marked character points are now subjected to an indispensability test, see below. Those that satisfy this test are converted to background points, whereas those that do not are retained. The retained marked points are subjected to a second indispensability test and converted to background or retained as appropriate. The cycle repeats until no points are converted to background, the character strokes then being one point wide. The use of the second indispensability test causes redundant tails to be removed. The unthinned character image is placed in storage by a scanner. In one embodiment, in each of the above tests and in a smoothing cycle which precedes the thinning cycle each point of the character field is examined in turn from left to right and top to bottom. In one example of the smoothing cycle a background point is converted to character point if, considering it to be at the centre of a matrix of 3 x 3 points, it has at least four adjoining character points. Certain projecting character points may be removed by the smoothing. The edge test, performed on the smoothed character, causes a character point to be marked if any edge row or column of the 3 x 3 matrix contains less than 2 character points and the remaining two rows or columns contain more than 2. The marked character points are examined in turn according to the first indispensability criterion and each is converted to a background point, if, for example, its conversion does not cause a gap that would leave a character point or points unconnected to other character points. If such a gap would occur the point is retained. After all the marked points have been tested those that were retained are examined according to a second indispensability criterion, which may be the same as the first, and converted or retained. The thinning cycle is now repeated. The thinning cycles may employ different criteria. By duplicating the circuitry two halves of the character field may be processed in parallel. Various forms of smoothing, edge, and indispensability criteria are referred to.
Patent GB-850171-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to semiconductor devices
IPC: H01L21/479
Filed: 1957-02-05
Abstract: Semi-conductor materials consist of zinc arsenide Zn3As2 with or without up to 1% of P type conductivity directing impurities comprising copper, silver and/or gold, or up to 1% of N type conductivity directing impurities comprising one or more of sulphur, selenium and tellurium.  The zinc arsenide may be prepared by mixing the vapours of pure zinc and arsenic in stoichiometric quantities. Small crystals of zinc arsenide condense out.  The desired impurities may be added in the vapour form or may be introduced into one or other of the constituents prior to vaporization.  An excess of 0.01% of arsenic may be used to compensate for the difference in vapour pressure between the zinc and arsenic.  Zinc arsenide may be further purified by a zone-melting process in a graphite container sealed in a quartz tube, the material being uniformly heated to about 1000 DEG C. under a pressure of about 50 lbs./sq.in. and the molten zone being produced by a localised additional heating.  The zinc arsenide is a subliming solid having a melting point about 1015 DEG C. at a pressure of approximately 50 lbs./sq.in. having a crystal structure in the tetragonal system and having an energy gap width of about 1.0 electron volt.  Reference is made to the use of the material in a point contact rectifier, a junction diode, a junction emitter point contact collector transistor and in an infra-red filter.ALSO:Semi-conductor materials consist of zinc arsenide Zn3As2 with or without up to 1% of P type conductivity directing impurities comprising copper silver and/or gold, or up to 1% of N type conductivity directing impurities comprising one or more of sulphur, solenium and tellurium.  The zinc arsenide may be prepared by mixing the vapours of pure zinc and arsenic in stoichiometric quantities. Small crystals of zinc arsenide condense out.  The desired impurities may be added in the vapour form or may be introduced into one or other of the constituents prior to vaporization.  An excess of 0.01% of arsenic may be used to compensate for the difference in vapour pressure between the zinc and arsenic.  Zinc arsenic may be further purified by a zone-melting process in a graphite container sealed in a quartz tube, the material being uniformly heated to about 1000 DEG C. under a pressure of about 50 lbs./sq. in. and the molten zone being produced by a localised additional heating.  The zinc arsenide is a subliming solid having a melting point about 1015 DEG C at a pressure of approximately 50 lbs./sq. in. having a crystal structure in the tetragonal system and having an energy gap width of about 1.0 electron volt.  Reference is made to the use of the material in a point contact rectifier, a junction diode, a junction emitter point contact collector transistor and in an infra-red filter.
Patent GB-524753-A (GB)
Title: Method of coating a surface with a film of metallic silver
IPC: A47C1/14
Filed: 1939-02-06
Abstract: 524,753. Silvering. PEACOCK, W. Feb. 6, 1939, No. 3903. Drawings to Specification. [Class 82 (ii)] Surfaces of transparent or other bodies such as glass, synthetic resins, cellulose derivatives &c. are provided with a coating of silver by simultaneously directing against the surface to be coated sprays of two separate solutions containing silver nitrate and a hydrazine compound (sulphate, nitrate, or hydrate) as reducing agent, with or without ammonia and with or without caustic alkali as an accelerator, the caustic alkali when present being in the solution other than that containing the silver nitrate, and no one solution containing simultaneously the silver nitrate, ammonia, and reducing agent. The solution of reducing agent may contain caustic soda or ammonia or both; or in some instances the silver nitrate solution may contain the reducing agent, the other solution being then ammonia with or without caustic soda. The spraying is effected on to an inclined surface of the article by means of compressed air, the mixed spray having sufficient force to effect a washing down of the surface being coated.
Patent GB-823056-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to material containers having bottom openings
IPC: B66B17/26
Filed: 1955-02-09
Abstract: 823,056. Operating doors of skips and other containers. RHYMNEY ENGINEERING CO. Ltd., and MARTINS, T. Feb. 9, 1956 [Feb. 9, 1955], No. 3927/55. Class 78 (4). An internal door 15, Fig. 5, preventing material in a container reaching a bottom opening which may be closed by a sliding door 5 initially moves away from the material as it opens. As illustrated the door 15 is mounted within the skip of a skip hoist and is opened by a connection to the usual sliding gate 5, but the door 15 may be operated independently of the gate 5 or the gate 5 may be omitted and the door 15 operated from a vertically sliding carriage replacing the gate 5. As illustrated the upper end of the gate 15 is carried in guides 30 while its lower end is connected by links 12, which are normally horizontal as illustrated to provide a locking action, to the gate 5. In an alternative construction (Fig. 8, not shown) the guides 20 are replaced by guides carried by the gate 5. The gate 15 may alternatively be connected at its upper end by links 13 to the gate 5 as shown in Fig. 1 so that when the gate 5 is closed the lower edge of the door 15 rests against it. In a further construction (Fig. 3, not shown) the door 15 is hinged at its upper end to the skip while its lower end is connected by links to the gate 5 so that the door 15 is swung upwardly as the gate is raised. The door 15 may terminate short of the bottom of the skip so that some of the material passes below it to be retained by the gate 5. The gate 5 may be operated as described in Specification 731,941 which is referred to.
Patent GB-285019-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to regulating devices for prime movers
IPC: G05D13/00
Filed: 1928-02-08
Abstract: 285,019. International General Electric Co., Inc., (Assignees of Allgemeine Elektricitõts-Ges.). Feb. 8, 1927, [Convention date]. Automatic gear.-A prime mover is regulated in accordance with the daily time table, in accordance with the output, and is governed by a speed regulator formed as a limit governor. A rotary cam F is formed to correspond to the daily time table and transmit its action to a servo-motor S controlling the steam valve V by means of levermechanism H including an expansion body L and the core of a solenoid D. The body L can be extended by temperature, by pressure or by tension, by means of a spring or diaphragm. When a generator is driven, a current is produced in the solenoid corresponding to the load by a current transformer W. When generators are not driven, quantity regulators may be used in lieu of a solenoid. A speed regulator is used to act as a limit regulator or replace the load regulator D when the latter is cut off. In a modification, the solenoid and regulator act respectively on a movable casing and a slide valve therein to control the supply of oil to a servomotor controlling the main valve.
Patent GB-399378-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in teapots, coffee pots and hot water jugs
IPC: A47J45/07
Filed: 1933-02-10
Abstract: 399,378. Attaching handles to hollowware. HILL & CO., Ltd., J. and HILL, J., 117, Branston Street, Birmingham. Feb. 10, 1933, No. 4083. [Class 66.] A teapot, coffee pot, or hot-water jug with a metal body 1 and a readily removable handle of non - heat - conducting material, has a pair of plates 2 fixed to the body and carrying parallel pins 3, each end of the handle having a parallel hole through which a pin 3 passes, and also having opposite faces 5, 6 formed as flat surfaces, one face engaging one of the plates 2 while the other engages a flange on a nut 4 removably screwed on to the pin 3.
Patent GB-900222-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to high frequency tuning systems
Inventor: PIKE HERBERT JOHN
IPC: H03J5/28
Filed: 1958-02-07
Abstract: 900,222. Capacitors. RADIO & ALLIED INDUSTRIES Ltd. May 7, 1959 [Feb. 7, 1958], No. 4084/58. Class 37. [Also in Group XL (c)] In a turret tuner for a television and frequency-modulation receiver (see Group XL (c)), manual tuning is performed by a condenser comprising fixed cylindrical electrodes 63, 64 mounted on an insulating tube 62 and a movable cylindrical electrode 65 which is carried by an insulating block 56. The block 56 slides along a control shaft 54 formed with a fast-acting worm 57, being moved by means of a ball 58 held in the worm by screw 60; a spring 61 removes backlash. The switching of the receiver is such that on bands I and III, on which timing is only necessary to combat oscillator drift, electrode 64 is disconnected, the variable capacity comprising electrodes 63, 65 in series with the stray capacity between electrode 65 and earth. Continuous tuning is provided on band II by connecting electrode 64 to the opposite side of the local oscillator circuit to that to which electrode 63 is connected.
Patent GB-179318-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic hose-pipe connections
IPC: F16L33/22
Filed: 1921-02-04
Abstract: 179,318. Fraser, W. Feb. 4, 1921. Overlap joints with longitudinal pressure and with yielding outer pipe.-Relates to a hose-pipe connection of the type comprising a tubular portion with a bulbous end for insertion in the pipe and a conical sleeve, which is pressed on to the fabric surrounding the bulb by a coiled spring. The invention consists in the use of a volute coiled spring, one end of which engages a seating on the conical sleeve, a seating for the other end being provided. In a double-ended joint, Fig. 1, pressure is exerted between the hose pipes and the enlarged ends b of the tube a by springs e engaging the sleeves c and a loose washer f. Alternatively the part f may be integral with the tube a. Fig. 6 shows the joint applied to a tapunion comprising a cup i, a cover p, and a rubber washer k. The cup i is shaped to form a seating for the spring m. The outer parts d, q are corrugated to provide an efficient grip.
Patent GB-161387-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in coin-freed delivery machines
IPC: G07F11/22
Filed: 1920-02-11
Abstract: 161,387. British Automatic Co., Ltd., and Savage, A. C. Feb. 11, 1920. Delivery of tickets; coin action, with stationary coin forming abutment, mechanical - connection, and multiple coin. - In a ticket or other goods delivering machine in which the delivery drawer is unlocked by two coins of unequal size, such as a penny and a halfpenny, inserted in the same shoot, and having tumbler and pawl locking mechanism adapted to be operated by the larger coin, a second locking mechanism operable by the tumbler through the medium of the smaller coin is provided. The coins are inserted in a slot and drop through a guiding shoot e, the penny k resting on brackets h on the drawer between which is journaled on a spindle g a tumbler f which abuts against and is operated by the penny when the drawer is pulled. The halfpenny is guided to a skeleton support m pivoted at n between the brackets h in front of an extension l of the tumbler f so that when the drawer is pulled the extension l acting against the halfpenny rocks the support m. The spindle g has a pawl i which is lifted out of two fixed racks j and the shaft n carries a pawl p, Fig. 5, which is lifted against a spring s out of the path of a shoulder r on a fixed bar g. Coin-discharging mechanism.-The bar g has an incline t against which the pawl p acts to cause the support m to move away from the extension l and release the halfpenny.
Patent GB-562446-A (GB)
Title: Machine for bending sheet metal
IPC: B21D5/14
Filed: 1943-03-16
Abstract: 562,446. Angular bending. PLATTS, R. March 16, 1943, No. 4241. [Class 83 (iv)] A bending-machine comprises two main rollers A, B, one above the other, running in 'bearings supported in end frames 1, 2, Figs. 3, 4, and a roller K supported by arms J, pivoted on the axle of the roller B, which are moved by detachable cams I to vary the curvature of the metal sheet. The cams are driven through adjustable gearing 3, 4 from the main rollers. If the sheet is to be bent laterally as well as longitudinally, the rollers are curved and the main rollers may be in separate segments A, A<1>, A<2>, B, B<1>, B<2>, pressed together by springs A<3>, B<3> to allow relative rotation. If this is not desired, the segments may be fixed relatively by pegs A<5> in sockets therein. The parts A<1>, A<2> or B<1>, B<2> may be mounted to rotate on spindles 6 of the part A or B and these spindles 6 may extend into and be removably secured to sockets C which carry the gears E, 3, &c. and the bearings so that by separating the frames 1, 2 the rollers A, B may be replaced by others of different size and shape. A shaped plate R may be arranged between the rollers K and B about the axis of which the arms J turn, this plate also being carried by said arms and both being connected thereto by ball joints if desired to allow of the arms being raised by different amounts. The effect of the cams can be varied by arranging, between them and the corresponding arms J, lovers L, Fig. 1, the pivots 5 of which can be moved through an arc by means of a lever M and handle P. The bearings of the roller B rest on cylindrical pins P, Fig. 3, each having a flat side so that they can be lowered, for insertion of work between the rollers, by rotating said pins. The arms J have enlargements J<1>, Fig. 1, which, when the arms are moved up, engage fixed rollers N and increase the grip of the rolls A, B.
Patent GB-1060201-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the separation of zinc from cadmium
Inventor: PEGLER JOHN LIONEL
IPC: C01G11/00
Filed: 1965-02-01
Abstract: Zinc is separated from cadmium in aqueous chloride solution by subjecting the aqueous solution to a liquid/liquid extraction with an alkyl ester of phosphoric acid of general formula (CnH2n + 1)H(3- x)PO4 where n\sF3 and x=1, 2 or 3.  The ester, preferably tertiary butyl phosphate, may be used undiluted or alternatively as a solution in an inert solvent, e.g. xylene, kerosene or water-insoluble higher ketones.  The zinc may be recovered from the organic phase by contacting it with water, dil. H2SO4, HNO3 or dilute aqueous solutions of salts other than chlorides and the recovered liquor recycled.  The cadmium may be recovered from the aqueous phase by precipitation as sulphide or hydroxide or alternatively the aqueous liquor may be acidified to a pH <1 and the cadmium extracted with further solvent.  The process may be carried out by counterflowing the aqueous and organic phases in a number of mixing and settling stages. Residual cadmium in the organic phase may be removed by contacting it with sodium chloride solution.  The aqueous chloride solution containing Cd and Zn should have a pH of 1.5 to 6 and be at a temperature below 30 DEG  C. The aqueous chloride solution may be obtained from the regeneration, with NaCl solution, of a cation exchange resin containing adsorbed Zn and Cd ions.
Patent GB-1484662-A (GB)
Title: Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine fed with rich and lean mixture
IPC: F02M23/04
Filed: 1975-01-31
Abstract: 1484662 I C engines fed with rich and lean mixtures NISSAN MOTOR CO Ltd 31 Jan 1975 [15 May 1974] 4277/75 Heading F1B In an I.C. engine a richer than stoichiometric mixture is supplied under some operating conditions to an intake manifold 16 connected to all the engine cylinders C 1  to C 6  and supplemental air is supplied towards half or substantially half the cylinders C 4  to C 6  so that there is supplied to the latter a weaker than stoichiometric mixture. The rich mixture is supplied from carburetter 18 to manifold 16 and the supplemental air by pump 24 via conduits 22a, 22b, 22c having valves 28a, 28b, 28c responsive to exhaust reactor and exhaust gas temperature, intake manifold vacuum and engine speed detected by sensors (32), (34), (36), (38), Fig. 2 (not shown). Instead of or as well as valves 28a, 28b, 28c a valve or valves (40), Fig. 3 (not shown) responsive to manifold vacuum may be provided. The supplemental air may be induced instead of being supplied by a pump. At medium and high engine speed, lean mixture may be supplied to all the cylinders by the carburetter, the supplemental air supply then being cut off.
Patent GB-877728-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the deposition on aluminium of a layer of copper, copper alloy, tin or zinc
IPC: C23C4/08
Filed: 1958-02-11
Abstract: In a method of depositing on Al a layer of a metal which can be readily soldered, oxide is removed from the Al surface, the surface is heated and a layer of Cu, Cu alloy, Zn or Sn is sprayed thereon. Oxide may be removed by rubbing with emery and heating may be effected at 350 DEG -450 DEG C. in air.  Suitable copper alloys for spraying contain 2-8% of either Ti or P.  In the case of a Cu layer, soldering is preferably further facilitated by supersonically tin-plating the layer.  The example relates to soldering a cover on to an electrical condenser casing.
Patent GB-1142583-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to steel
IPC: E21B17/16
Filed: 1966-02-01
Abstract: 1,142,583. Alloy steel. STAHLWERKE SUDWESTFALEN A. G. Feb. 1,1966 [Feb. 3, 1965], No. 4435/66. Heading C7A. An alloy steel contains: C up to 0À05 Si up to 1À0 Mn up to 2À5 or 6 - 12 Cr 16 - 25 Ni 10 - 20 N 0À15- 0À40 Nb 0À01- 0À80 Total Mo and/or W 1À5 - 4À0 V up to 2À0 the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurity. The steel may be cold or hot-cold worked and has a 0À2% yield point at 20‹C, of at least 65 kg/mm<SP>2</SP>. It may be used for turbine blades, forgings, screws, turbine discs and autoclaves.
Patent GB-415033-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in flame-proof seals for electric conductors
IPC: H01B17/30
Filed: 1933-02-14
Abstract: 415,033. Collecting-ring for dynamoelectric machines. PEEBLES & CO., Ltd., B., Edinburgh and RODGER, J. W., Bankhead, Balerno, Midlothian. Feb. 14, 1933, No. 4456. [Class 35.] A removable flame-proof seal for conductors passing through a hollow shaft of an electric machine into a flame-proof brush housing comprises a plug which is removably fitted into the hollow shaft and into which the conductors are sealed by sealing compound. In the embodiment shown, conductors 10 passing through the hollow shaft 12 of an electric machine into a flame-proof housing, not shown, which surrounds slip-rings 11 are sealed into a metal sleeve 14 which is inserted in the recessed end of the shaft and is filled with compound 15, such as bitumen, the conductors being spaced apart by insulating discs 16 fitted into the ends of the sleeve. The inner end of the sleeve is forced into engagement with a shoulder 13 of the recessed shaft by a bush 18 which fits into the end of the shaft and which is retained by screws 20 taking into the shaft. To provide for venting of the slip-ring housing, shallow flats or grooves 23 may be formed in either the sleeve 14 or the recessed end of the shaft, corresponding channels 24, 25 being formed in the bush 18 and shoulder 13 respectively.