baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FI-981366-A (FI)
Inventor: MAEKIPIRTTI SIMO
IPC: D04H1/48
Filed: 1998-06-12
Abstract: The new method combination is aimed at improving and regulating the adhesion between similar or different fibers in connection with a method for producing hydroentangled and thermobonded fabrics from cellulose and synthetic fiber blends. Improvement of the fiber adhesion aims at providing highstrength and well absorbing, stable, non-linting nonwoven structures containing high cellulose concentrations. In the new method, adhesion strength is improved by increasing kinetically and quantitatively the contact and wetting between molten polyolefin used for cellulose bonding, and the cellulose, and providing in the cooling contact site transcrystallization following heterogenous nucleation of the polyolefin structure. In order to provide for pre-contacts between the cellulose and cellulose-polyolefin fibers, effectivated hydrogen bonding between the cellulose fibers is used, especially when mechanically hydroentangling cellulose using unreacting synthetic fiber (polyamide, ester). In order to improve adhesion strength, the surface structure of the polyolefin and/or cellulose fibers has to be modified. The surface structure of the polyolefins is modified by molecular chain degradation caused by spinning oxidation, in order to decrease the surface energy, viscosity and temperature of the surface melt formed in bonding. The modification of the cellulose surfaces takes place by heat treatment in a polar liquid, whereby in connection with a conversion of the cellulose crystal structure (C-II (C-I) -> C-IV), its surface energy, crystallinity degree and crystal lamellar thickness of its superstructure increase. Hydrogen bond formation is activated with a combined corona and steam wetting-pressure-drying method.
Patent FI-981687-A (FI)
Inventor: SAIRANEN MARTTI
IPC: H03K17/687
Filed: 1998-07-31
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for protecting a field effect transistor switching unit (11) against overvoltage peaks. According to the invention, in parallel with the field effect transistor switching unit (11), there is arranged a protective switching unit (12); in order to detect an overvoltage peak, the voltage (UF) prevailing over the field effect transistor switching unit (11) is observed particularly when the field effect transistor switching unit (11) is non-conductive; and when the voltage (UF) prevailing over the field effect transistor switching unit (11) suddenly surpasses the predetermined threshold voltage, so that it is interpreted as an overvoltage peak, the protective switching unit (12) is set to conductive state, in which case the overvoltage peak is set to proceed through the protective switching unit (12).
Patent FR-1246651-A (FR)
IPC: F16K1/22
Filed: 1960-02-02
Granted: 1960-11-18
Abstract: 936,591. Pipe couplings. A. P. V. CO. Ltd. Feb. 2, 1960 [Feb. 2, 1959], No. 3685/59. Class 99(1). A coupling comprises a pair of end fittings 3, 4 including valve discs 10, 11 carried by operating spindles 12, 13 at an angle to the faces of the discs so that turning of the spindles moves the peripheries of the discs into and out of closing co-operation with the wall of a valve chamber 5 formed in the fittings to close and open a flow passage through the fittings. The two discs are formed so as to fit face to face when the end fittings are coupled to provide a single valve free of liquid holding pockets. As shown, the fitting 3 has mounted thereon a ring 6 formed with cam segments 8 which engage behind lugs 9 on the fitting 4 and have gaps 8a which, in one angular position of the ring, register with lugs 9 to permit the fittings to be separated. The flat-faced disc closures 10, 11 are carried by stub spindles 12, 13 so as to turn about an axis at an angle to the axis of the fittings 3, 4 and are located to one another by dowels 14. Fitted on the spindle 12 is a bevel pinion which meshes with a partial ring of teeth 15 on the ring 6. In the releasing operation of the coupling, rotation of the ring 6 turns the spindle 12 to the valve closed position before the gaps 8a commence to move in register with the lugs 9.
Patent FR-1367424-A (FR)
Inventor: PIERRE JEAN-LOUIS
IPC: B29C65/18
Filed: 1962-08-21
Granted: 1964-07-24
Abstract: 1,045,889. Packaging-machines. POTASSE ET ENGRAIS CHIMIQUES. Aug. 8, 1963 [Aug. 21, 1962], No. 31330/63. Heading B8C. [Also in Division B5] A machine for heat-sealing filled thermoplastic bags comprises a frame on which are mounted two endless belts 8 supported by rollers 9, 11 having substantially parallel axes and which belts are maintained in surface contact on a part of their travel; at least one pair of heating shoes 31a, 31b and at least one pair of cooling shoes 33a, 33b at least one shoe of each pair being freely mounted on the machine frame and urged towards the other to squeeze the parts of the belts 8 between them into contact; and a motor 4 to drive the belt 8 in synchronization so that the materials to be sealed are drawn along by the belts 8 between the shoes 31a, 31b and then between the shoes 33a, 33b. In the embodiment shown, a frame 3 is adjustably mounted on a base 1 and has a shoulder 5 carrying girders 12a, 12b supporting the vertical axis rollers 9, 11. The belts 8 are preferably made from wire gauze having a fine mesh and are coated, by spraying, with an anti-adhesive agent, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene, on the side contacting the bags to be sealed. The rollers 9 are driven in opposite directions by a motor 4 through a chain 14, a sprocket 16, bevels 17, sprockets 18 and a chain 19 (the latter not shown). The rollers 11 are idle and are urged away from the rollers 9 by springs 26, the pressure of which is adjustable by screws 27, to hold the belts 8 taut. Each shoe 31a, 31b, Fig. 4, comprises a U-shaped frame 34a, 34b supporting a copper block 35 the outer face of which transmits heat to the adjacent belt 8. A refractory sole 38 having coil resistances 39 fitted therein is separated from the block 35 by a mica insulating sheet 41. Adjustable bolts 43 urge the block 35 outwardly until it is restrained by hooks 36. The inclination of the shoe 31a is adjustable by screws 46 and the shoe 31a is pressed towards the shoe 31b by an adjustable threaded rod 47. The shoe 31b is attached by stirrups 54 to arms 55 mounted on the girder 12b and urged against the shoe 31a by a threaded rod 57 acted on by a spring 61. The shoes 33a 33b, Fig. 5, are mounted on the machine frame similarly to the shoes 31a, 31b respectively, and each comprises a hollow copper block 66 cooled by circulating water. Pressure rollers 32 may be provided between the blocks 31a, 31b and the blocks 33a, 33b. One roller 32 is fixed and the other is spring- urged thereagainst. In use, the machine is moved on rollers 2, Fig. 1, to a conveyer on which the filled bags to be sealed are transported. The height of the frame is adjusted and the speed of the motor 4 is adjusted so that the speed of the belts 8 and the bags is the same. The conveyer feeds the bags between the belts 8 to effect sealing thereof. The machine may be constructed with two or more pairs of heating and cooling shoes. Also, instead of only one shoe of each pair, each shoe may be suspended and pressed against the other.
Patent GB-224757-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to letter files
IPC: B42F9/00
Filed: 1924-01-14
Abstract: 224,757. Berneburg, E. Jan. 14, 1924. Clamping-devices; covers.-In a binder for papers, loose leaves, &c., in which the covers a, b are pressed together to secure the papers by a torsional spring f, the latter is held in position on the back of the cover by intertwining therewith binding wire k, which is threaded through holes i. The covers are made of one piece of material bent three times to form an inwardly bent back c, and a hinged fold d allows the top cover a to be opened outwards. The torsional spring f comprises intertwined wires h and loops g formed integrally therewith, and may be protected by a cover strip m.
Patent GB-546182-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in piezoelectric devices for use as loud-speakers or in recording sound
IPC: H04R3/00
Filed: 1941-01-27
Abstract: 546,182. Circuits for piezo-electric instruments. ELECTRICAL RESEARCH PRODUCTS, Inc. Jan. 27, 1941, No. 1056. Convention date, March 30, 1940. [Class 40 (iv)] [Also in Group XL and XXXVI] A piezo-electric motor driven from an amplifier and forming the driving element for a sound recorder or loudspeaker is provided with negative feedback to compensate for distortion due to non-linearities in the crystal caused by hysteresis. Fig. 2 shows a phonographic recording arrangement in which a piezoelectric motor is driven from electrodes 11, 12 and drives a cutting tool 23. Additional electrodes 13, 14 provide the negative feedback voltage applied across the input resistance 6. The feedback path may include a network 25 to ensure stability. Fig. 3 shows the application to a loudspeaker driven bv longitudinal vibration of the crystal set up by driving electrodes 27, 28. Narrow electrodes 29, 30 provide the feedback in the path in which a stabilising network 25 and an attenuator 33 of high frequencies may be included.
Patent GB-488661-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electron multipliers working as oscillators or amplifiers
IPC: H01J25/76
Filed: 1937-01-13
Abstract: 488,661. Electron multipliers. FARNSWORTH TELEVISION, Inc. Jan. 13, 1937, No. 1071. Convention date, Feb. 24, 1936. [Class 39 (i)] The cup 2 and pervious septum 5 are both coated or formed to emit secondaries on impact of primary electrons, a part of the oscillating cloud passing through the electrode 5 and being collected by the cup 9, it may be after further oscillation between this cup 9 and the septum 5 ; control anodes 7, 10 are provided and the septum is mounted in a cylinder 6. The cup 2 is connected as shown to a radio input 14, and a tuned oscillating circuit 16 is connected between the cup 2 and septum 5 ; a tuned circuit 20 is connected across the septum and the cup 9, which is also connected to the output 21. In a modification the electrodes 2, 5, 9 are connected to a tuning circuit to provide self-oscillation within the multiplier. In another construction, multiplier electrodes 25, 26, Fig. 4, alternate with collector electrodes 28, 29 the pairs being connected to independent tuned circuits 16, 20. A central pervious anode 27 is biassed by a battery. The cloud oscillating between the electrodes 25, 26 is caused to deviate by an axially arranged electromagnet 30 so that part of the cloud is taken up by the electrodes 28, 29.
Patent GB-545671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic damping devices
IPC: F01D5/16
Filed: 1941-01-28
Abstract: 545,671. Vibration-dampers. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL CO. Jan. 28, 1941, No. 1115. Convention date, Jan. 10, 1940. [Class 108 (iii)] [Also in Group XXVI] Resonant vibrations in turbine blades are damped by hydraulic devices inserted in the blade ends. In one form, a body 3, Fig. 3, is suspended by a relatively flexible stem 4 from a plug 8 screwed into the blade tip and, during running, is immersed in a liquid 10 which is driven by centrifugal force through an orifice 9 into a chamber 6. Resonant vibration of the blade which is not communicated to the body 3 causes the liquid to surge through an orifice 11. The orifice 11 is essentially larger than the orifice 9. The liquid 10 is a substance with a high melting point and becomes liquid during normal high operating temperatures of the blade. Lead, metaboric acid and the nitrates of sodium and potassium are suitable. The quantity of liquid required may be reduced by filling the space round the stem 4 with a split sleeve. Instead of an apertured body, a cylindrical body with a clearance between it and the chamber 6 may be used. In another form, Fig. 6, chamber 6 has diametrically opposite holes 17 and the heavy liquid 14 surges through the holes when the blade vibrates. The chamber may be formed by a perforated disc carried by a rigid stem and fitting the cavity in the blade or the disc may be clear of the cavity so as to provide a narrow annular port.
Patent GB-933124-A (GB)
Title: Grid suitable for a packed column
IPC: B01J19/30
Filed: 1962-01-12
Abstract: 933,124. Liquid and gas contacting columns. CARL - ZEISS - STIFTUNG, [trading as JENAER GLASWERK SCHOTT & GEN.]. Jan. 12, 1962 [Jan. 14, 1961], No. 1214/62. Drawings to Specification. Class 55 (2). A grid for a packed column, e.g. a liquid-gas contact column, comprises non-metallic tabular elements of circular or non-circular crosssection assembled securely together to form a honeycomb structure. The elements, which are of the same length, may be of glass and may be fused together with their axes parallel. A easing, e.g. of glass, may surround the elements and the elements may be fused thereto.
Patent GB-795816-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the oxidation of organic substances
IPC: C07C63/00
Filed: 1955-01-14
Abstract: Organic substances are oxidized to carboxylic acids with nitric acid and oxygen or molecular oxygen containing gases at elevated temperature and pressure in a process wherein the gases and vapours evolved in the reaction are passed upwardly into a tower filled with nitric acid of predetermined concentration and nitric acid is caused to flow back from the tower to the reactor in accordance with the amount of acid required (see Group III). Specified organic substances are paraffins, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, p-cymene, chloro-toluenes, nitrotoluenes, toluenesulphonic acids, p - chloromethylbenzoic acid and coal or peat.  In examples: (1) coal is oxidized with nitric acid and oxygen, regenerated nitric acid being recycled to the reactor, to give a mixture of polycarboxylic acids; (2) p-xylene is oxidized as in (1) but using air, to give terephthalic acid.  By the use of suitable concentrations of acid in the tower and regulation of the flow of acid back to the reactor the oxidation may be conducted with constant, increasing, or decreasing concentrations of nitric acid, and when this latter condition is desired the flow of acid from the tower to the reactor may, alternatively, be prevented.ALSO:Organic substances are oxidized to carboxylic acids (see Group IV (b)) with nitric acid and oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gases at elevated temperature and pressure, in a process wherein the gases and vapours evolved in the reaction are passed upwardly into a tower filled with nitric acid of predetermined concentration and nitric acid is caused to flow back from the tower to the reactor in accordance with the amount of nitric acid required.  The gases and vapours leaving the reaction mixture contain <PICT:0795816/III/1> nitrous oxides and oxygen which are regenerated as nitric acid in the tower.  In the accompanying drawing is shown an apparatus suitable for carrying out the process of the invention.  The organic substance and nitric acid are introduced into the pressure vessel 1 having heating and cooling units 3, and oxygen or air is pumped in by compressor 2.  The gases and vapours rise through the inverted U-tube 5, displacing the nitric acid therein and rise through the nitric acid in the tower 6.  The tower contains filler bodies and is cooled.  The volume and strength of the acid in the tower is increased and nitric acid may be returned, by way of valves 9 and 10 and siphon 11, to the reaction vessel.  By the use of suitable concentrations of acid in the tower and regulation of the flow through valves 9 and 10, the oxidation may be conducted with constant, increasing or decreasing concentrations of nitric acid.  In examples coal and p-xylene are oxidized in the apparatus described.
Patent GB-1177942-A (GB)
Title: Feeding Devices for Articles such as Packets of Cigarettes
IPC: B65G47/91
Filed: 1966-01-11
Abstract: 1,177,942. Endless conveyers. D. H. YOUNGMAN, and MOLINS MACHINE CO. Ltd. 11 Jan., 1967 [11 Jan., 1966], No. 1279/66. Heading B8A. Suction heads 5 carried in two rows 5A, 5B by a linkage movable by a crank 13, are arranged to lift cigarette packets in two stages, via a reservoir 3 of the packets, between a conveyer belt 1 leading from a wrapping machine, to a conveyer belt 2 leading to a packing machine. If the wrapping machine stops, valves automatically operate to prevent pick-up from the belt 1. If the wrapping machine stops, no pick up takes place from the reservoir. The reservoir is designed so that the top layer of packets remains at a constant level, e.g. by photo-electric means. In a modification, there are two inlet conveyers 1, a single outlet conveyer 2, and two reservoirs, one on each outer side of the respective conveyers 1.
Patent GB-229460-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to machines for dyeing, washing, scouring, bleaching or impregnating skeins or hanks of yarn
IPC: D06B5/00
Filed: 1924-01-17
Abstract: 229,460. Lord, S. S. Jan. 17, 1924. Hank type.-A machine for dyeing, washing, scouring, bleaching or impregnating skeins or hanks of yarn, comprises a vat 1 with an internal wall 2 forming an endless channel for liquid and a non-rotary cage 5 supporting hank-carrying members 8. The whole of the lower portion of the cage 5 lies within the vat when the cage is lowered into the operative position, and the cage is supported by the inner wall 2. The cage is adapted to fit over the inner wall which corresponds in shape to the external periphery of the vat. The vat may be circular, semi-circular, rectangular, or other suitable shape, provided it is of endless-channel formation or has wing-like extensions. Specification 219,768 is referred to.
Patent GB-101363-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Rousing and Mixing Apparatus for Brewers' Worts.
Inventor: CHAMBERS MATTHIAS FREDERICK
IPC: C12C11/00
Filed: 1916-01-28
Abstract: 101,363. Chambers, M. F., and Skilton, C. F. E. Jan. 28, 1916. Batch-mixers with circulating devices. - In rousing and mixing apparatus for brewers' worts and of the kind comprising an open circumferentially-perforated pan having a central pipe through which passes a rotating shaft carrying at its lower end a ribbed disk, a cover disk C<2> is secured to the lower end of the pipe C, and means are provided for supporting or suspending the apparatus in a vat. The cover disk C<2> and the ribbed disk E are each made with a flat central part and an inclined circumferential part; the ribs of the disk E may be spiral. The shaft D is mounted in bearings F<1> on a bracket F secured to the vat G, and is driven by a pulley D<2> from a countershaft. The pan A is adjustable by rack-and-pinion gear K, H<2>, the central pipe C being provided with a telescopic extension C'. The cover disk C<2> is secured by its tubular extension C' to the lower end of the pipe C<1> and is provided with feet C<3> to rest on the floor of the vat. Or the shaft D may be driven by a motor in a frame carrying the pan and provided with a bracket for suspending the whole apparatus in the vat. Rotation of the shaft D and disk E draws the beer and yeast down the central pipe C and distributes it in a substantially horizontal direction all round the bottom of the vat.
Patent GB-534315-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ship construction
IPC: B63B3/60
Filed: 1940-01-24
Abstract: 534,315. Ships framing; bulkheads. ISHERWOOD, Sir W., Jan. 24, 1940, No. 1477. [Class 113 (ii)] Transverse bulkhead sections 3 of which may be horizontally or vertically corrugated are attached at all their edges to the flat abutment surface of a pillar or beam 7 which may be of I, H or similar section. Where longitudinal bulkheads 2 are fitted the beams are arranged at the junctions and the bulkheads are fastened as by welding to webs and flanges respectively. The bulkheads may be stiffened by interposed I- beams or by ordinary stiffeners 9, and the extremities of the bulkheads may be flat plates attached to the deck or bobbin plating. At the sides the bulkheads are attached to an I-beam, one flange of which may form part of the skin plating as shown in Fig. 13. The longitudinals 25, 25' stop short of the I-beam and are connected by a doubler 27 passed through a slot in the beam. The horizontal corrugations of the bulkhead serve to compartment the insulation where this is employed and slots 26, Fig. 11, and boarding 38 serve to keep it in position.
Patent GB-468934-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in an intra-uterine device
IPC: A61F6/14
Filed: 1937-01-20
Abstract: 468,934. Intra-uterine device. MECKSTROTH, L. W. Jan. 20, 1937,No. 1704. Addition to 461,348. [Class 81 (ii)] In the intra-uterine device described in the parent Specification having a head made of a pliable filament extending in a plurality of loops towards the opposite ends of the fundus of the uterus, each loop is angularly formed as at 34, 44, adjacent its extremity and the loops are joined by a portion of the filament which is also angularly formed as at 40. The introducer 58 is grooved at 64 and is cut away at 66 to accommodate the appendage 42. The interlaced portion 68 of the head engages the groove 64 and is elongated by tension on the withdrawal loop 48. A cap 74 of gelatine or other meltable substance fits tightly over the head and holds it in place. The cap and head may be sterilized and impregnated with a germicide, or antiseptic material disposed in the cap.
Patent GB-586435-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to internal combustion turbine power plants
IPC: F02C3/073
Filed: 1944-01-31
Abstract: 586,435. Gas turbine plant. POWER JETS (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT), Ltd., and HAWTHORNE, W. R. Jan. 31, 1944, No. 1806. [Class 110 (iii)] Several independently mounted and oppositely-rotating rotors 23 carry two tiers of blades, the outer tier forms an air-compressor and the inner tier, a turbine. A combustion chamber, 6, 8 with deflecting vanes 7 makes a complete reversal flow. Power for an air-screw is taken off by a separate turbine rotor 29 which drives a shaft 32 and, through reduction gearing 38, an air-screw 40. The exhaust is reversed in flow again in the bends 10 and is passed to a propulsion jet 12. The air intake is located at the forward end of the unit and behind the airscrew.
Patent GB-894178-A (GB)
Title: Dyeable polymeric composition
IPC: D01F1/10
Filed: 1961-01-16
Abstract: A dyeable composition comprises a crystalline polyolefin and a resinous modifying polymer (e.g. in 0,5 to 25% by weight) obtained by condensing symmetrical dichloroethane with a polyamine and/or ammonia.  The polyolefin may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene or a mixture thereof and the polyamine may be hexamethylene diamine, ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine or tetraethylene p pentamine.  In examples salicylic, stearic and lauric acids are optional ingredients in the preparation of the modifying polymer which may, if desired, by alkylated with lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, octadecyl, methyl or ethyl chloride.  The compositions may be mixed dry or with solvents such as alcohol or methanol and may be extruded or spun into filaments, if required with the aid of solid dispersants, such as cetyl or stearyl alcohol, stearic or terephthalic acid, benzoin, furoin, vinyl stearate, stearic esters of glycerol, monoethanolamine stearate, stearic amide, N-diethanol lauramide, aliphatic amines, condensation products of ethylene oxide with alcohols, amines or phenols, polystearamide, polyacrylic acid, polystyrene, styrene, copolymers or terpene polymers.  The filaments may be water-insolubilized before or after stretching by treatment with formaldehyde, a di-epoxy compound, or a cross-linking agent such as divinyl benzene.  The filaments or fibres obtained may be dyed with acid, metallized, plastosoluble or vat dyes.