Patent GB-953923-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic power steering apparatus for vehicles
IPC: B62D5/093
Filed: 1961-04-25
Abstract: 953,923. Steering vehicles. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. April 25, 1961 [June 30, 1960], No. 14894/61. Heading B7H. A power steering apparatus comprises a control valve unit having relatively displaceable valve elements provided with co-operating fluid passages, a steering-wheel mechanically coupled to one of the valve elements, an hydraulic motor having its movable element mechanically coupled to the other of the valve elements, a servomotor operatively associated with the steering mechanism of a steerable wheel assembly, resilient means acting between the valve elements to maintain them normally in a neutral position but permitting limited angular displacement of one valve element with respect to the other in both directions from the neutral position, the servomotor and hydraulic motor communicating with certain of the fluid passages of the control valve unit, and the co-operating fluid passages of the valve elements being arranged so that in the neutral position of the valve, the servomotor is connected in free fluid circuit with the hydraulic motor to allow " reversibility " by castor action of the steering wheel assembly, while on relative displacement of the valve elements to a predetermined extent from the neutral position, by action of the hydraulic motor or of the steering wheel, fluid from a pressure source is directed to the servomotor through the hydraulic motor for operation of the servomotor in one direction or the other, respectively, to compensate for " kickback " or to effect turning of the steerable wheels. A gear pump 11, Fig. 7, supplies fluid from a reservoir 13 through a conduit 14 to a control unit 15, see also Fig. 1, having supply and return pipes 17 and 20 connected to the opposite ends of a cylinder 22 comprising a double ended piston 23 having a rack 24 engaging a pinion 25 connected to the mechanism for steering the wheels. The control unit comprises a rotary spool member 41 connected to a shaft 36 to one end of which is connected the steering wheel. The rotary spool 41 is connected by a leaf spring 48 to a rotary sleeve 44 which is connected by a pin 51 and shaft 52 to a vaned rotor 57 of an hydraulic motor unit 15B. The pin 52 passes through slots 49 in spool 41 which allow a predetermined extent of radial movement of the sleeve relative to the spool. The rotor 57 comprises vane members 60 urged by springs 62 into contact with an eccentric bore 58 and the unit is provided with grooves 64, 64a, 66, 66a, 68, 68a, 69 and 69a, Figs. 2 and 6, connected by passages 70 and 70a, the upper outer groove 66 opening into a passage 71 and the lower outer groove 66a opening into a passage 73. The valve spool 41 is formed with a plurality of longitudinally extending fluid passages extending between openings in the valve sleeve member 44 or between such openings and the hollow interior 40 of the spool. Each passage comprises four similarly spaced slots. The valve sleeve member 44 has six grooves 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 and 91 and six lands 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 97 and a number of radial fluid passages. The conduit 14 from the outlet of pump 11 is connected to inlet 110 of the control assembly which is aligned with the groove 87 and the outlet 111, which is connected to the interior of bore 45 through passages 115, 116, 117 and groove 86 and to the conduit 16 leading to the fluid reservoir. A by-pass connection is controlled by a spring loaded valve 118. The conduit 17 is connected to the port 121 communicating with bore 45 through passages 122, 123 and groove 90 while the conduit 20 is connected to port 124 leading to passage 125, recess 126 and the interior of bore 45 through groove 91. In the neutral position, the output of the pump is short circuited through grooves 86 and 87 and various passages in the spool without disturbing the position of the steerable wheels. The ports 124 and 121 are connected by groove 90, passages in the spool, groove 88, passage 71, rotor unit 57, passage 73, groove 89 and other passages leading to groove 91. A wheel shock causes rotation of the rotor 57 and hence the sleeve member 44 relative to spool 41, which rotation causes conduits 17 and 20 to be blocked off or pressurized according to the direction of turn, compensating for the in-flow of pressure fluid in the opposite direction whereby the shock is damped. If there is a gradual turning of the road wheels, spool 41 and sleeve 44 will turn together, the fluid flowing from one chamber of the hydraulic servomotor 19 to the other. When the steering wheel is turned, e.g. to the right, the spool 41 is rotated through pin 42 and the spring 48 is loaded, the sleeve 44 being held by the rotor 57. The spool assumes the position whereby fluid flows into the rotor unit 57 and causes its rotation whereby fluid is discharged through passage 71, groove 88 spool passages, groove 90, work port 121 and conduit 17 into the chamber 18 thereby operating the servomotor 19, the fluid displaced from which passing through conduit 20, work port 124, groove 91, a radial passage into the interior of spool 41 and through openings 109, a radial passage, groove 86 to exhaust port 111. As the rotor 57 is rotated, the sleeve 44 is also rotated to restore the neutral position. In the event of power failure, the steering wheel being rotated as before, but since there is no pressure in the conduit 14, there is no build up of pressure on the one side of rotor 57 which does not act as a metering device but rather as a pump, the fluid displaced moving through the passages as before to actuate the steering motor, the returning fluid from which, being unable to pass the inoperable pump, unseats valve 118 and flows through passage 112 to be recycled through inlet port 110.