Patent GB-191223830-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Flying Machines.
Inventor: BATSON MATTHEW ARLINGTON
IPC: B64C3/38
Filed: 1912-10-18
Granted: 1913-10-16
Abstract: 23,830. Batson, M. A. Oct. 18. Steering and balancing.-In an aeroplane having two series, one above the other, of pairs of supporting-planes, the incidence of the planes is adjusted by moving the front or rear edges of the plane vertically. The controlling-mechanism is arranged so that the pairs of planes can be independently or simultaneously adjusted by raising or lowering their front edges. When the planes are thus simul. taneously adjusted, the rear elevator is also adjusted. The planes at each side of the machine are also adjustable by raising or lowering their rear edges, and the operating-mechanism is arranged so that the series of planes at the two sides of the machine are adjustable in the same or opposite senses. The planes 9, 10, Fig. 7, of each pair are hinged at 11, 12 to bars 8, the front ends of which are connected to a block 8<1>, Fig. 5, having guidepins 15 moving in vertical slots 16 in the frame of the machine. The block 8<1> is formed as a nut to engage a screw-threaded spindle 14 having a pulley 18 at its upper end. When the cord 42 surrounding the pulley is moved, the front ends of the bars 8 are raised or lowered and the incidence of the planes 9, 10 is simultaneously adjusted. The cords 42 corresponding to each of the upper pairs of wings g, h, i, j, Fig. 1, are passed around pulleys 40, Fig. 10, and the cords 47, 47<1> actuating the lower pairs of wings k, m are passed around pulleys 41. The shafts of each of the pulleys 40, 41 are provided with band-wheels 45, 46, Fig. 9, so that incidence of the pairs of planes can be independently varied. In order to obtain simultaneous adjustment of all the pairs of planes and the tail plane 28<5>, clutch members are provided on the operating- shafts 23 ... 29 of the planes and the tail. The loose members 31 of the clutches are provided with sprocket-wheels around which is passed an endless chain 50, so that when the clutch members 31, 33 are moved into engagement by the foot-lever 37 the movement of one of the shafts 23 ... 29 by its hand-wheel is communicated by the chain 50 to all of the other shafts. A cord 28<1>, passing around the pulley 41<1> on the shaft 28, controls the tail plane or elevator. In order that the supporting- planes may be moved automatically to a gliding position when the engine stops, a governor driven from the engine shaft is connected with the pedal 37 so that the clutches on the shafts 23 ... 29 are moved into their operative position. As the machine falls, the air-pressure on the tail 28<5> moves it upwards, thereby rotating, by means of the cord 28<1>, the pulley 41<1> on the shaft 28 which in turn, by means of the connecting-chain 50, actuates the cords 42 of all the supporting-planes. The incidence of the supporting-planes can also be adjusted by raising or lowering their rear edges. Each of the rods 8, Fig. 7, carrying the planes 9, 10, is provided at its rear end with a toothed sector engaged by a worm on shafts 5, 5<1>. The shafts 5, 5<1> on the two sides of the machine are connected by ropes and pulleys so that the planes on each side are simultaneously actuated. The controlling- mechanism comprises a hand-wheel 76, Fig. 13, on a shaft 75 geared to one of the shafts 5<1>. The shaft 5<1> is provided with a gear-wheel 88 meshing with a pinion 87 loose on the shaft 5. A chain 84 also connects a loose sprocket-wheel 85 on the shaft 5 to a wheel 83 on the shaft 5<1>. A clutch member 86 on the shaft 5 is used to connect one or other of the wheels 85, 87 to the shaft 5, so that, when the band-wheel 76 is turned, the shafts 5, 5<1> are turned either in the same or in opposite directions. When the clutch member 86 is in a central position, the shaft 5 is stationary. The shaft 75 may be turned by power derived from the propeller shaft 51, Fig. 16. A pinion 75<1> gears with a loose pinion 53<1> on the power shaft 52<1>, and a sprocket-wheel 56<2> is connected by a chain 55<1> to a wheel 54<1> locse on the shaft 52<1>. By clutching one or other of the wheels 53<1>, 54<1> to the shaft 52<1> the shaft 75 is rotated in the one or other direction. In addition to the automatic adjustment of the incidence of the planes above described, the planes are movable vertically about the longitudinal hinges 11, 12 under the control of spring rods. A yoke o, Fig. 11, is attached to the planes near the centre of pressure and carries two rods q, to the lower end of which is attached a tension spring u. The upper end of the spring is attached to a yoke r sliding on the rods q<1> passing through guides in a bracket x secured to the frame of the machine. Tension springs surrounding the rods q<1> are connected to the yoke r and bracket x. Aerial machines without aerostats; planes, arrangement of.-The aerial machine comprises an open triangular frame carrying the planes and a closed cabin 44. The adjustable planes g, h, i, j are attached to a longitudinal bar or spire passing through the apex of the triangular frames. Pairs of planes k, m are located below the planes h, i.