Patent GB-714158-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heat exchanging apparatus for chemical reactions
IPC: B01J10/02
Filed: 1951-02-13
Abstract: <PICT:0714158/IV (b)/1> In the manufacture of chloral by the interaction of chlorine with dilute alcohol, cooling is effected in a battery of elements connected in series, each element comprising a vertically-arranged casing 1 of glass, quartz, or other corrosion - resisting material, enclosing a graphite tube 2 along the outer surface of which the alcohol is caused to flow as a thin film, while through the interior flows a stream of cooling-liquid, e.g. water, the chlorine passing along the annular space between the casing and the graphite tube in counterflow to the liquid film.  The cooling liquid enters at 8 and passes up the annular space between the graphite tube and an internal tube 4, formed of steel coated with polyvinyl chloride and through apertures 11 into the interior of the tube 4 and to the outlet 9.  The graphite tube may be constructed from a number of sections and its outer surface may be formed with helical grooves to facilitate the flow of liquid as a thin film.  The alcohol is fed in at the top of the first element and drops on to a concavity 6 in the closed upper end of the graphite tube from whence it overflows through crenellations 7 down the outside of the tube. The chlorine enters at the bottom of the final element and passes up through the annular spaces between the graphite tubes and the outer casings, the hydrogen chloride generated escaping at the top and the chloral being drawn off at the bottom.  The apparatus can also be used in reactions requiring the exposure of the reagents to actinic light, e.g. the preparation of carbon tetrachloride by the interaction of chlorine and dichloromethane.ALSO:<PICT:0714158/III/1> A cooling apparatus, for use in carrying out chemical reactions generating heat, e.g. the manufacture of hydrochloric acid by the combustion of hydrogen in chlorine, comprises a vertically-arranged casing 1, of glass, quartz, or other corrosion - resisting material, enclosing a graphite tube 2 along the outer surface of which a liquid is caused to flow as a thin film, while through the interior flows a stream of cooling - liquid, e.g. water, a gaseous reactant or reactants and/or the products of the reaction flowing through the annular space between the casing and the graphite tube in the same direction as, or in counterflow to, the liquid film.  The cooling liquid enters at 8 and passes up the annular space between the graphite tube and an internal tube 4 formed of steel coated with polyvinyl chloride, and through apertures 11 into the interior of the tube 4 and to the outlet 9.  The graphite tube may be constructed from a number of sections and its outer surface may be framed with helical grooves to facilitate the flow of liquid as a thin film.  The hydrogen and chlorine are fed through pipes 12, 13 respectively to a burner 14.  Water enters at 15 and passes down a tube 16 and along a rod 17 through the flame on to a concavity 6 in the upper closed end of the graphite tube from whence it overflows through crenellations 7 down the outside of the tube, finally leaving the apparatus by the tube 20.