baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-744355-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in methods and apparatus for the formation of superficial diffusion alloys, in particular chromium alloys
IPC: C23C10/08
Filed: 1952-05-13
Abstract: A halide diffusion process in particular for ferrous objects and especially for the addition of chromium utilising the fluoride is carried out by subjecting the metal object to the action of vapours of at least one halide of the addition metal or metals generated in the enclosure containing the object (which enclosure is externally heated), condensation of the vapours on to the metal objects being prevented.  The object is, at and subsequent to the time when the halide vapours are capable of reaching the object, at a temperature not less than that of the coldest part of the enclosure through which the halide vapours must pass to reach the object.  Where a regeneration metal is used in contact with the object, this also is protected from the vapours.  Three methods of accomplishing this are described, the use of a filter layer to condense the halides, preliminary heating of the object or maintenance of the halide source at a temperature below that of the surface of the object.  In the first method where the charge includes light objects and heavier objects, the objects can be so arranged as to allow the light objects to act as the filter layer. The third method can be carried out by separating the halide source from the objects with a thermal screen, by controlled heating giving preference to the objects, or by retarding heating of the halide source by admixture with water. Soiling of the articles and regeneration metal may also occur by condensation after the treatment during the cooling down stage. Three ways of overcoming this difficulty are disclosed.  In the first, the quantity of halide is controlled so that by the end of the treatment virtually none is left.  Secondly, the halide source is cooled down before the objects and regeneration metal and thirdly condensation may be caused preferentially on a body, in the treatment zone, provided for the purpose.  Furnace arrangements are disclosed and illustrated.
Patent GB-591618-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machines for the grinding of cutting tools
IPC: B24B3/34
Filed: 1945-05-15
Abstract: 591,618. Grinding rakes on cutting- tools. BEDFORD, A. C. May 15, 1945, No. 12140. [Class 60] A grinder for producing curved top rake on a cutting-tool comprises an adjustable stop, associated with a scale, which determines the position of the tip of the tool relatively to the central plane of the grinding-wheel and thus determines the nature of the top rake given to the tool. As shown, the tool 37 is supported for presentation to. the curved contoured grinding-wheel 12 by a holder 17, slotted at 33 for lateral adjustment on a plate 31 which is angularly adjustable about the clamping-stud 32, the plate 31 being carried on a base plate 30 of a slide 16, slidable towards or away from the grinding-wheel, along a dovetail guide 27 on a plate 26 by a hand wheel 21. The plate 26 is bolted to a carriage 15 which is movable on a table 14, parallel to the plane of the wheel 12 by a handle 22, and the table 14 is vertically adjustable by a hand wheel 20. A stop 23 is mounted for positioning the tool, so that its flat face 24 is in the mid-plane of the wheel 12, but to one side of the wheel. It is necessary to advance or retract the tool, before grinding, beyond or short of the mid-plane of the wheel, to produce, according to this last setting, the required angle of top rake, positive or negative. This is effected by a stop 52 which is contacted by a pin 42 on the base plate 30, the stop 52 being adjustably slidable along an arm 46, which is pivotally adjustable from a zero position to positive or negative angle of top-rake settings. The tool 37 is clamped with its cutting-edge against the face 24 and the pin 42 against the stop 52 in the zero position. The tool is then withdrawn from the stop face 24, the arm 46 is set positively or negatively and the handle 21 is again operated to move the tool holder until the pin 42 again contacts with the stop 52. The grinding is then effected by manipulation of the handles 20, 22. The stop 52 is slidable in a slot in the arm 46 and is clamped in a position of adjustment by a bolt 53 and wing nut 54. The arm is clamped by a wing nut and screw 55 at the end remote from its pivot. It is graduated along its length and the stop 52 is set in a position on the arm corresponding with the radius of curvature of the section of the grinding wheel operative surface. The arm is then swung on its pivot to the position corresponding with the required angle of rake and is clamped. The stop 23 may be replaced by a displaceable stop on the carriage 15 or the slide 16. A pivoted catch 63 may engage a groove 64 in the plate 26 to locate the slide 16 in the position in which the pin 42 would contact the stop 52 in the zero position. The grinding wheel 12 may be replaced by a small cylindrical grinder rotating on an axis transverse to the tool 37, or by a part spherical grinder rotating on a vertical axis.
Patent GB-703277-A (GB)
Title: Furano- and thieno-quinolines
IPC: C07D491/048
Filed: 1951-05-24
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the quinoline series of the general formula <FORM:0703277/IV(b)/1> (wherein X represents oxygen or sulphur and other substituents may be present), and the manufacture thereof by the following processes: (a) (where X represents oxygen and the carbon atom adjacent thereto carries an alkyl group) etherifying a 4-hydroxyquinaldine unsubstituted in the 3-position with an allyl halide or homologue thereof, heating the ether to cause the alkenyl group to migrate to the 3-position, and effecting closure of the furane ring by the action of acids; (b) (when the furane or thiophene ring is free from substituents) condensing a primary aromatic amine with a -acetobutyrolactone and heating the product with a vigorously reacting condensing agent, e.g. with phosphorus pentoxide, sulphuric acid or zinc chloride, which produce a furane derivative, with phosphorus pentasulphide, which directly yields a thiophene derivative, or with a phosphorus oxyhalide, which forms a 2-methyl-3-b -haloethyl-4-quinoline halide from which a thiophene derivative is produced by the action of thiourea.  The products are therapeutically useful, and form water-soluble salts with mineral acids, e.g. halogen hydracids, sulphuric, phosphoric and nitric acids.  In examples: (1) 2-methyl-3-allyl-4-hydroxyquinoline, or its 6-, 7- or 8-methoxy or 6:7-dimethoxy derivative, is treated with hydrobromic acid; (2) 4-hydroxy-6-acetylaminoquinaldine is etherified with allyl bromide in the presence of sodium ethoxide, the allyl ether is heated in a -chloronaphthalene and the rearranged product treated with hydrobromic acid, and, finally, the acetylamino group is hydrolysed; the same product is obtainable from the first product of (1) by nitration and reduction; (3) 4-hydroxy-7-acetylaminoquinaldine is treated as in (2) except that hydrochloric acid is used instead of hydrobromic acid; (4) 4-hydroxy-6-carbethoxyquinaldine is subjected to a similar series of reactions (but without any final hydrolysis); (5) the condensation product of aniline with acetobutyrolactone is heated with phosphorus pentoxide in tetrahydronaphthalene; compounds substituted by methoxy in the 6-, 7- or 8-position or the 5- and 8-positions, by chlorine or methyl in the 6- or 8-position, or by a cyano group in the 6-position, may be similarly prepared; (6) the starting material of (5) is heated with phosphorus oxychloride in xylene and the resulting 2-methyl-3-b -chloroethyl-4-chloroquinoline is heated with thiourea in ethanol; compounds substituted by a methoxy, carbethoxy or acetylamino group in the 6-position may be similarly prepared; (7) the starting material of (5) is heated with phosphorus pentasulphide in diphenyl ether.  4 - Hydroxy - 6 - and 7 - acetylaminoquinaldines are obtainable by condensing p- and m-aminoacetaldehyde respectively with ethyl acetoacetate in methanol and heating the resulting Schiff's bases in a -chloronaphthalene.  4 Hydroxy-6-carbethoxyquinaldine is obtainable similarly from ethyl p-aminobenzoate.
Patent GB-310056-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of hormones from urine
IPC: A61K38/22
Filed: 1929-04-20
Abstract: 310,056. Schering-Kahlbaum Akt.- Ges. April 21, 1928, [Convention date]. Medicines for internal use.-Ovarial hormone and the hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are obtained from the urine, of pregnant individuals by stirring the preferably concentrated urine with adsorbents such as carbon or kieselguhr or by filtration therethrough. The hormones are extracted from the separated adsorbent material by fractional treatment with solvents; the ovarial hormone being first extracted with an organic solvent, and the pituitary hormone then obtained by extracting the adsorbent with an aqueous liquid of suitable hydrogen ion concentration. Alternatively the urine may be first freed from a specific hormone and subsequently treated with an adsorbent. According to examples (1) silica gel is stirred with urine, filtered off, and extracted first with chloroform to obtain ovarial hormone and then with water rendered alkaline with caustic soda lye to extract the hypophysis hormone; (2) animal charcoal is stirred with concentrated urine, filtered off, dried, and extracted successively with ether and water; (3) concentrated urine is extracted with ether to remove ovarial hormone, and shaken with kaolin, which is then removed and extracted with water containing a little carbolic acid.
Patent GB-474248-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to combination undergarments
IPC: A41B9/08
Filed: 1936-05-01
Abstract: 474,248. Combination undergarments. SPENCER, Ltd., G., and MORRISON, W. S. May 1, 1936, No. 12412. [Class 141] A combination undergarment is made with the inner sides or edges of its leg parts relatively parallel or substantially so, and in such a way that the said parts are closed together when the garment is laid out flat in a natural condition. In the form shown, the garment is made from a front portion, Fig. 4, which is cut centrally at 12 so as to leave the opposing edges parallel and closed together, a piece of material being removed at 13 to provide an opening above the crotch, and the rear portion, Fig. 5, of the garment is provided with overlapping parts F, the edges of which are left free at 16, and at 17 are each secured to the edge 19 of a gusset piece, Fig. 6, the edge 18 of which is secured to one of the edges of the front portion adjacent the cut 12 to complete the legs of the garment, the opening above the crotch being covered by the upper ends of the gusset pieces. In a modification, the garment is provided with a central cut at both the front and rear, the cut at the rear being carried higher than that at the front, and a piece of material is removed above the crotch at the front or at both the front and rear of the garment, the opening or openings thus formed being covered by the upper ends of suitablyshaped inserted gussets.
Patent GB-873920-A (GB)
Title: Selection mechanism for a single printing element typewriter
IPC: B41J7/60
Filed: 1958-04-18
Abstract: 873,920. Typewriters. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. April 18, 1958 [April 19, 1957], No. 12426/58. Addition to 855,127. Class 100(4) Machines with types upon spherical surfaces: type-actions using auxiliary power. In a typewriter of the type having a singleelement printing head 10 which moves across the paper and is tilted to effect imprinting, the printing head is selectively set to present a character to a printing position by a primary interposer 55 which is engaged by a power drive 133 and selecting means including selecting links 140-144 to transmit different movements from the power drive to the mechanism selectively setting the printing head 10. The interposer 55, Fig. 6, chosen by a key 42, is pivoted about a rod 57 and a crank 310 pivots lever 312 which, through linkage 315, 110, operates a one revolution clutch 97, Fig. 1. This drives a shaft 96, Fig. 6, and a belt drive 138 rotates the power drive 133 one half of a revolution. Drive 133 moves the interposer 55 to the right and by the combination arrangement of projections 81-86 and rods 70-75, certain slides 300, 302, 305, 306, 307, 308 are actuated. These slides are connected to the selecting links 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 205 which effect a particular combination resultant movement to a lever 211, Figs. 1 and 12, carrying a pulley 214 around which is a tape connected to the printing head, and thereby rotatively moving the required character into position. A similar arrangement from certain of the selecting links through lever 235, pulley 240 and tape 243 tilts the printing head to position one of the four rows of characters. Case-shift; case-shift and space key actions. When the case-shift key 240 (Fig. 10, not shown) is operated a one revolution clutch rotates a cam 296, Fig. 1, and a follower 294 on a lever 301 shifts a pulley 303, Fig. 12, such that a 180 degree rotation is given to the printing head. Operation of the space key 396 (Fig. 15, not shown) actuates a half-revolution clutch C, Figs. 1 and 5, on a continuously running shaft 92 and a cam 438 through follower and lever 454 shifts a rod 346 to operate the escapement mechanism. Letter-spacing mechanism. The rod 346, Fig. 5, is shifted after each character is printed, by a cam 330 on the shaft 133 and permits a pawl 372 to engage a ratchet wheel 358 and release a pawl 356. A gear 368 secured to wheel 358 drives a pulley 378 and through a belt 384, drives a pulley 380 having a second track for a tape 390 which moves the printing head carriage 38 one letter-space. Specifications 755,978 and 842,327 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1427581-A (GB)
Title: Identification card
IPC: B42D25/00
Filed: 1973-03-15
Abstract: 1427581 Credit cards GAO GES FUR AUTOMATION UND ORGANISATION mbH 15 March 1973 [16 March 1972] 12452/73 Heading B6A A credit card or the like is produced from a relatively thick plastics sheet 1, which may be transparent, a paper sheet 2 having variations 8 in the level of at least one of its surfaces, and a relatively thin transparent plastics sheet 3 the paper sheet 2 being laminated between the other two sheets so that its surface variations are reproduced on the surface of the relatively thin sheet 3. The variations may be due to watermarks 4, security threads or printing 9. A signature strip may be provided either on security printed paper embedded in the outside surface of one of the sheets 1, 3 or on a portion of the sheet 2 not laminated (Fig. 4). Additionally a photograph may be incorporated either as a separate sheet included during the laminating process or as a layer coated on one of the sheets before lamination. The card may be used as a printing plate. The laminated card may have a rim 7.
Patent GB-981444-A (GB)
Title: Boot for a timber foundation pile
IPC: E02D5/72
Filed: 1963-03-29
Abstract: 981,444. Piles. J. J. DOUGHERTY. March 29, 1963, No. 12522/63. Heading E1H. A boot for a timber pile 16 comprises a hollow cylindrical body with a tapering side wall 12 and a round bottom wall 14 and four equally spaced fins 18 formed integrally with the outside of the side wall 12. The fins 18 terminate in points 24 disposed in a plane below a plane passing through the lower part of the bottom wall 14. The wall 14 serves to compact the soil into a "pressure bulb" and the fins serve as drills for penetrating the soil.
Patent GB-528104-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to distance-or height-measuring apparatus, more especially for aircraft
IPC: G01S7/06
Filed: 1939-04-27
Abstract: 528,104. Radio distance measuring. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO., Inc. April 27, 1939, No. 12659. Convention date, May 3, 1938. [Class 37] An apparatus for measuring the distance from aircraft 1 to the earth's surface 42 in two different pre-arranged directions by timing the reflection of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation comprises intermittent ultra highfrequency waves emitted simultaneously in two different directions from antennae 16, 16<1> having directional characteristics and received by antennae 31, 31<1> having directional characteristics. The radiation may be controlled by relaxation generators 7, 7<1>. Indication may be provided as on the screen 22 of cathode ray tube 17, and this indicator may be in the form of the two lines 28, 28<1> on scales 29, 29<1> in Fig. 3. These scales may be non-linear, e.g., logarithmic, and may be arranged to give equal lengths to the lines 28; 28<1> when the aircraft is flying level over level country by suitable choice of the angle, e.g. 60 degrees. By adjustment of resistances 14, 141 the frequency with which lines 28, 28<1> are traced may be regulated. Reference is made to Specification 511,093 which describes an altimeter designed to operate upon the same principle.
Patent GB-1378958-A (GB)
Title: Cobalt-coated composite powders
IPC: C23C18/34
Filed: 1972-03-17
Abstract: 1378958 Co-coated composite powders SHERRITT GORDON MINES Ltd 17 March 1972 [15 April 1971] 12683/72 Heading C7F A powder comprises a central core consisting of material other than Ni, an inner layer consisting of Ni and encasing said central core, and an outer layer consisting of Co. The core material may be Cu, Ag, Al, Ti, Sn, Pb, C, nitride, boride, Al 2 O 3 , ThO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , CeO 2 , oxides of Cr, U, or V, or CaF2, and may be pre-activated with a salt of a metal such as Ag, Au, Pd, or Pt, preferably PdCl 2 . Coating with Ni is by dispersing the core material in an ammoniated solution containing Ni, e.g. aqueous ammoniacal NH 4  carbonate or sulphate containing 25-75 g/l NiSO 4 , and reacting with reducing gas such as H 2  at elevated temperature and pressure, e.g. 250-400‹F and 100-500 p.s.i. excess. The Ni thickness is up to 2Á, and the coated particles are separated by filtration or centrifuging. Coating with Co is as for Ni except that T = 300-400‹F, H 2  pressure = 300-400 p.s.i. and the concentration of Co is 25-75 g/l; more than one coat of Co may be applied.
Patent GB-566751-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to closures for sheet metal drums, kegs and like containers
IPC: B65D45/34
Filed: 1943-08-06
Abstract: 566,751. Closures for drums &c. BROWN, H., and READS, Ltd. Aug. 6,1943, No. 12685. [Class 21] A closure for an open-ended sheet metal drum, keg, &c., having a cover with a peripheral flange or bead which engages a similar flange or bead on the rim of the container, consists of a divided channel-section hoop 1 contracted by a lever 7 pivoted at 6 to a bracket 5 fitted to one end of the hoop, and detachably engaged to the other end of the hoop by a link 9 pivoted at 8 to the lever. To close the drum &c. a pin 10 is first engaged with a slot 3 and lever 7 moved counterclockwise to preliminarily compress a packing interposed between the container and cover flanges. Thereafter pin 10 is released and re-engaged with a slot 4 and lever 7 again moved counterclockwise, when apertures 11, 12 come into register so that the lever 7 may be held in position by a sealing wire passed through the apertures. The wire may be sealed with a lead or other seal. The mechanism lies below the top of the drum &c. and is curved to lie closely against the wall of the container so as to be shielded when the drums &c. are stacked.
Patent GB-387320-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for the copying, enlarging, printing, and for reproduction by opaque projection work
IPC: G03B27/32
Filed: 1931-04-30
Abstract: 387,320. Photographic apparatus. LUDWIG, W., 8, Tannengasse, Vienna. April 30, 1931, No. 12717. Convention date, Nov. 19, 1930. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. [Classea 97 (i), 98 (i), and 98 (ii).] An apparatus for copying, enlarging, contact printing, and opaque projection comprises a light-tight casing having a pair of reflectors on opposite sides in conjunction with auxiliary elements for the various processes. In the form shown the apparatus comprises a casing 1 fitted with reflectors 2 and open at the top and bottom. A copy frame 3 may be fitted in the upper opening with a bellows and lens 5 for enlarging and opaque projection. The frame 3 may be replaced by a hood-containing a light source for enlarging or projection of transparent originals. Contact printing may be effected by using a negative and a sheet of sensitive paper in the frame 3. It is stated that the apparatus may also be used for photography.
Patent GB-748992-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of steel
IPC: C22C38/00
Filed: 1951-05-30
Abstract: The yield point and yield point ratio of structural steel is raised by adding to the molten steel aluminium in such quantity in excess of that required for the complete deoxidation that the solid product shows a yield point ratio of at least 65 per cent, preferably 70 per cent, after a heat treatment which comprises at least a customary normalisation or final hot deformation at a temperature between 700 DEG C. and 950 DEG C.  The steel may be given a preliminary deoxidation, the deoxidiser being added later the higher the temperature of the melt.  When tapping into a ladle, preliminary deoxidation may take place when the ladle is at least 1/3 full and aluminium is added shortly afterwards, preferably in such amount as to leave a residual aluminium content of 0,018-0,05 per cent.  Where the melting operation is carried out in a basic Siemens-Martin furnace it should be so conducted that the manganese curve of the melt falls gradually or even rises.  The steel used preferably contains not over 0,2 per cent carbon, and not over 1,8 per cent carbon+manganese+ silicon.  Thus it may contain 0,15-0,2 per cent carbon, 0,8-1,3 per cent manganese and 0,35-0,6 per cent silicon. Chromium, nickel, copper and/or molybdenum may also be present.
Patent GB-106040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Garden Shears.
Inventor: SCOTT PERCY
IPC: A01G3/06
Filed: 1916-09-11
Abstract: 106,040. Scott, P. Sept. 11, 1916. Hand shears.-Long-handled garden shears are provided with a detachable grass box, which is secured in place by clips K, L and by a clamp E tightened around the handle of the bottom blade by means of a bolt. The side of the box which fits against the blades of the shears comprises upper and lower portions N, J separated by an opening extending the full length of the box. The bottom blade rests between the part J and the clips K, L, the clip L being adjustable so that it may be tightened against the bolt securing the blades together. The box is strengthened by a wire D and by a metal strip G, which is extended to form the clamp E.
Patent GB-243989-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in washing machines
IPC: D06F39/00
Filed: 1925-05-16
Abstract: 243,989. Sinclair, C. G. May 16, 1925. Supplying and discharging liquids to and from washing-machines.-In a machine in which a clothes container 14 is rotarily oscillated to wash the clothes and subsequently rotated at a high speed, means are provided to collect the water driven out by centrifugal action during the high speed rotation and to return it to the stationary casing or discharge it to waste. Perforations 20 are formed near the top of the container, and an annular collector 42a is formed between the casing 10 and a partition 42. The collector drains into a sump 52 in which a three-way cock 56 is provided. A second sump 44 is provided which can register with a discharge valve 34 in the container 14 so that liquid can be passed both from the collector and container to waste through the pipe 48 or the liquid from the collector can be passed through sumps 52, 44 back to the casing 10.