Patent GB-1183712-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Teaching Machines.
Inventor: ARBON ROBERT STANLEY
IPC: G09B7/08
Filed: 1966-01-27
Abstract: 1,183,712. Teaching machines. GENERAL ELECTRIC & ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANIES Ltd. 28 Feb., 1967 [27 Jan., 1966], No. 3696/66. Heading G5G. A question and answer teaching machine comprises a presentation and control unit 32, and a student response unit 31 having buttons 43 each identifiable with an item of information located in a space on a transparent card 39. A student constructs an answer to a question by depressing a plurality of the buttons. Data stored in the machine assigns a contributing factor to each item or to a group of items selected in constructing an answer, and control means within the machine is responsive to at least the contributing factors of the selected items or groups to control subsequent presentation to the student. In one embodiment a transparency or microfiche having a plurality of frames in a matrix array carries a number of lessons in sequence each lesson comprising a presentation or P frame followed by a number of frames arranged in groups (Fig. 3) each including a question frame and remedial and success frames. A card 39 is associated with each lesson. Each item of information has a corresponding contributory factor which is stored in the control data CD in a binary form. The factors assigned to the items are (1) " necessary " and an appropriate numerical value (2) " forbidden " and no value, or (3) a numerical value. A model answer to a question must not include any " forbidden " items and must include all the " necessary " items. The control data also includes a pass mark in binary form and an indication of the number of attempts a student may make to the question. Each frame in a question group and the presentation frame for each lesson have associated coding which is read by frame reading heads. In operation, positioning of a switch 44 to forward or reverse position will bring the next or preceding P frame to the display position, and all binary elements in the control circuit not concerned the selections of a P frame will be cleared. When a P frame is in position the motor will stop. A number of attempts or n counter will be returned to zero. A " wait " period is initi. ated. If a student does not press a "proceed " or P-button (Fig. 5) within this period a switch t is operated by a time delay circuit. Depression of the P-button or operation of the time delay circuit results in the motor being restarted and the first question frame is brought into the display position. A further " wait " period is initiated. A student answers the question by depressing some of buttons 43, and then presses button e, which conditions the machine to evaluate the answer. If a predetermined time has elapsed or if the student has pressed button b a further frame P(a) which reviews the basic information is presented to the student. Having studied the P(a) frame the student proceeds back to the question frame either by pressing button b or by awaiting the elapse of a further time interval. Depression of the evaluate button steps the n counter one step and starts motor thus advancing the control data CD past data reading heads. If an answer button associated with a " forbidden " item was pressed a remedial frame R is displayed. If all the buttons associated with a " necessary " item are not pressed a remedial frame C is displayed. If all the " necessary " buttons are pressed and no " forbidden " button is pressed the sum of the values of the selected items is then compared with the pass mark. If the pass mark is attained a frame S is displayed, a success lamp 45 is energized and after a suitable interval the next question is presented and the n counter is returned to zero. If the pass mark is not attained a remedial frame A is displayed. If one of the remedial frames R, C, A has been displayed a student is returned to the question providing that he has not exhausted all the number of attempts. Upon using all his attempts an alarm signal to a tutor is initiated and the student then proceeds to the next question. If there are no other questions the machine is halted. The progress of the student is recorded by a suitably programmed computer. Indicator lamps may be provided to indicate to the student the number of attempts he is allowed and the number he has already made. In an alternative embodiment (Fig. 10, not shown) the control date is carried on a drum separate from the microfiche which carries the presentation, question, remedial and success frames. A student constructs an answer by pressing a group of buttons, entering the group individually and comparing the entered group with each of the groups of a model answer. A student will have answered correctly only if there are less than a maximum number of incorrect groups, if there are less than a maximum number of displacement errors i.e. if the student's groups are not entered in the correct order and if the aggregate weights of the groups exceeds a pass mark. If any of these conditions is not met remedial frames are brought to view.