Patent GB-1142995-A (GB)
Title: Automatic change-speed transmission
IPC: F16H47/08
Filed: 1966-10-24
Abstract: 1,142,995. Change-speed gear and control. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. 24 Oct., 1966 [5 Jan., 1966], No. 47570/66. Heading F2D. In a vehicle change-speed planetary gear giving three forward gears, low, intermediate, and high, and reverse which are selectively engaged by hydraulically-actuated brakes 52, 94 and clutches 38, 50 controlled by automatic shift valves 200, 202 which respectively control 1-2 and 2-3 gear shifts in accordance with opposing signal pressures responsive to vehicle speed (sensed by a governor 92, 93) and engine inlet manifold depression and a manually operable ranging valve 148 having five settings, R, N, D, D2, and L, and controlling servopressure distribution from a regulator valve 108 to the shift valves, the 1-2 shift valve includes two independently movable elements 210, 218 (element 218 comprising a D2 shift valve); the elements 210, 218 move together automatically in accordance with operating conditions when the ranging valve 148 is in its D setting; line pressure acts on element 218 to give continuous operation in the intermediate gear when the valve 148 is'in its D2 setting; and when the valve 148 is moved to its L setting, if the vehicle speed is above a predetermined value and the 1-2 shift valve is in its upshift position, intermediate gear is engaged until the vehicle speed falls below the predetermined value when the 1-2 shift valve moves to, and is locked in, its low gear position. The control system includes a 1-2 shift rate control valve 322 and accumulator valve 318, and a 2-3 back-out valve 326 as described in Specification 1,080,920. Function summary.-In Low, the gear is locked in two-way first. Drive, D, allows oneway first start, with automatic shifts between the three forward gears, and Drive D2 allows continuous operation in second. Kick-down 3-2 and 2-1 shifts are provided. Gear arrangement.-The gear provides in addition to direct drive and reverse two reduced ratios, the torque reaction for low being sustained through a one-way brake so that 1-2 upshift is of the so-called " pick-up " type requiring the engagement of only one additional brake to overrun the superseded lower ratio, and avoiding the necessity for shift timers, brake application being regulated by a single rate control valve 322 of the type described in Specification 1,080,920. The engine is connected via a torque converter 10 to the input shaft 36 of the change-speed gear-box comprising two planetary trains 42, 74 having a common sun 66. The gear output shaft is fast with the ring gear 76 of the rear train 74 and the planet carrier 70 of the front train 42. For two-way compounded first gear in Low-range a clutch 38 is engaged to clutch the ring gear 40 of the front train 42 to the input shaft 36, and a brake 84 is applied to the planet carrier 80 of the rear train 74. For one-way first in D range, clutch 38 is engaged and the planet carrier 80 is held from reverse rotation by a one-way brake 86. For two-way second, the front train acts alone; the clutch 38 remains engaged and the sun 66 is held by applying a brake 52 which acts through a shell 48, one-way brake 86 overrunning for " pick-up " shift. For direct top the clutch 38 and a clutch 50 clutching the sun 66 to the input shaft 36 are engaged to lock the train 42. For reverse, the rear train acts alone; the clutch 50 is engaged to apply the input to the sun 66, and the planet carrier 80 is held by the brake 84. Clutches and brakes.-The band brake 52 is applied and released by supplying pressure fluid to either side of a piston acting through a single lever, and the multi-disc brake 84 and clutches 38 and 50 are engaged by fluidactuated annular pistons. Servo pressure supply and regulation.-An engine driven pump 28 alone supplies the system through a main pressure regulator valve 108 which regulates the pressure in the servo supply line 106 by exhausting it to the engine sump 104, and fills the torque converter through line 132 as engine-pump pressure builds up. The main spool 110 of the regulator valve is loaded downwardly by engine-pump pressure and upwardly by a fixed spring 122 and spring- connected spool 140 itself loaded by reverse gear pressure 194, to increase line pressures above those for forward drive, engine manifold responsive T.V. pressure 246 and at low road speeds additional T.V. pressure 146 cut in by a cut-back valve 384, thereby obtaining high servo apply pressures for standing starts. The cut-back valve spool is loaded down by governor pressure 232 and upwardly by the cut-in T.V. pressure 246. After initial acceleration from standing starts the cut-back valve spool 390 is forced down to reduce line pressure by cutting off the additional T.V. pressure from the regulator valve spool 140. Line pressure is augmented at high coasting speeds in the intermediate speed ratio when the manual valve is in its D2 setting by a valve spool 370 down loaded by governor pressure 232 against spring 380 to connect the apply line pressure 378 of the intermediate servo to line 146. Shift control pressure. Governor valve output speed responsive pressure is provided by radial centrifugally loaded primary and secondary masses 92, 93 (not further described). T.V. pressure.-An engine throttle-sensitive pressure approximating to engine torque demand is provided by the combined action of a vacuum-throttle valve 236 and a throttle boost valve 252, the former metering line pressure 106 to a T.V. pressure line 246 under the control of a diaphragm subject to engine manifold depression. The boost valve 252 uses the T.V. pressure 246 to meter line pressure 266 to a T.V. line 264 used for opposing governor pressure in the shift valves. Before being applied to act upwardly on the 1-2 and 2-3 automatic shift valves, T.V. pressure 264 is modulated to a reduced value by a T.V. modulator valve comprising a piston 284 at the base of the 2-3 shift valve, which meters modulated T.V. pressure into a line 296 leading to the 1-2 shift valve. Automatic shift valves.-The 1-2 and 2-3 shift valves are loaded down towards upshift position by governor pressure 232 and upwards by a spring, line pressure and modulated T.V. pressure 294 at the base of the 2-3 shift valve. The 1-2 shift valve is in two parts 210, 218 such that when ranging valve 148 is in its D2 setting, line pressure 200 moves 218 down to engage second gear. The kick-down valve 292 operates on wide open throttle to supply control pressure 290 from line pressure 364 to the shift valves to produce successive downshifts. A manual-low 2-1 scheduling valve provides shift point pressure in line 332 when the manual ranging valve is moved to its Low setting at high vehicle speeds by metering manual ranging valve line pressure 196 to line 332, which, when the governor pressure 232 falls sufficiently, downshifts the 1-2 shift valve connecting line pressure 196 through the shift valve to the apply pressure line 230 of the low and reverse servo 94. Line 230 also communicates with line 344 which is then connected to line 332 through the manual-low 2-1 valve to exert full line pressure on the D2 shift valve 208, thereby locking it in its downshift position. The 2-3 back-out valve 326 smooths 2-3 upshift by preventing simultaneous application of direct clutch 50 and release of engaged second ratio brake servo 52 by venting brake-servo apply line 324 to the apply pressure line 306 of the direct clutch 50. The spool of the 2-3 back-out valve is loaded down by clutch apply pressure 346 and upwardly by direct T.V. pressure 328 and a spring. The 2-3 back-out valve is overridden in L range of the manual ranging valve for engine braking by a manual low valve loaded upwards by line pressure 330 from the ranging valve so that the direct clutch 50 remains engaged. Operation. Drive range D.-The manual ranging valve 148 directly pressurizes the forward clutch 38 and with rear planet reaction taken by the one-way brake 86, a start is made in one-way first ratio, with high line pressure which is then reduced on increased speed by cut-back valve 384. With increase in speed, governor pressure 232 predominates over modulated T.V. pressure 296 to upshift the 1-2 shift valve spools 210, 218 together which directly pressurizes the apply line of the second ratio band brake 52 through the rate control valve 322 which thus controls the rate of increase of brake-engaging pressure in the brake servo. Upshift of the 2-3 shift valve at a higher output speed pressurizes the direct clutch 50 and exhausts the apply line of the intermediate servo.  Drive range D2.-The manual ranging valve 148 again directly pressurizes the forward clutch 38, and additionally upshifts the 1-2 shift valve spool 218, maintaining the spool 210 downshifted, which directly pressurizes the apply line of the second ratio band brake 52 through the rate control valve 322, to give continuous operation in the intermediate speed ratio, no line pressure being supplied to the 2-3 shift valve which may still move under governor pressure 232 and modulated T.V. pressure 294 but which cannot upshift the gear. Low range.-In manual two-way low the manual ranging valve pressurizes the rear brake servo 94 and the forward clutch 38 and for reverse the manual ranging valve pressurizes the rear brake servo 94 and the direct clutch 50.