Patent GB-231806-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of artificial materials
IPC: D01F2/28
Filed: 1924-05-30
Abstract: Substituted cellulose thiourethanes such as are produced according to the process described in Specification 231,801 are used in the manufacture or preparation of articles or materials such as plastic masses; substitutes for celluloid, ivory, glass, horn, ebonite, tortoise-shell, wood, etc.; prints or lacquers; resins and resin substitutes; films; artificial silk, etc.; adhesives and cements; printing rollers and hektographic masses; finishes, fillings, dressings, sizings &c. on fabrics, fibres, paper, etc.; oilcloth; artificial leather; linoleum; waterproof and transparent paper; waterproof materials; lincrusta and wallpapers; bed sheets; tracing cloth and book cloth. The cellulose thiourethanes are obtained when a cellulose xanthofatty acid, or a salt thereof, reacts with an ammonia derivative in which at least one atom of hydrogen is replaced by an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol radicle, and which contains at least one exchangeable hydrogen atom. For the above manufactures and uses, the cellulose thiourethanes are used either in aqueous alkali solution, or in solution in volatile organic solvents such as primary, secondary or tertiary amines of the aliphatic or aromatic series, or a higher amine, or pyridine &c. Alternatively, the articles or material may be prepared, using a cellulose xanthofatty acid, or a salt thereof, the article or material being afterwards treated with the ammonia derivative. When used in aqueous alkali solution, the following colloids or softening-agents may be worked up with the cellulose thiourethane:-cellulose hydrate and hydrocellulose soluble in alkali, viscose, albuminous bodies, proteins, gelatine, amyloid, starch and the like, gums, pectic substances, tragasol, resins, artificial resins, shellac, glycerine, di-glycerine, polyglycerine, glycol, sugars, syrups, soaps, fats, and compounds of fatty-sulphonic acids with ammonia or an alkali metal, such as turkey-red oil, and also indiarubber, gutta-percha, balata, fats, oils, and metal salts of fatty acids; the product is fixed either by simple drying, or by coagulation by means of very weak acid such as carbonic acid or acetic acid, or by an alcohol, a salt, tannic acid or formalin; and, after fixing, the products are rendered more flexible by treatment with a suitable volatile solvent, such as pyridine, in the form of solution or vapours, or they may be treated with a softening-agent such as glycerine, sugar, syrups, turkey-red oil, or soap. To the solution of the cellulose thiourethane in volatile solvents there may be added softening-agents such as camphor or its substitutes, castor or linseed oil, or a phosphoric acid ester of a phenol, or a filler, or dyestuff or a pigment, and the solution may be combined with other colloids insoluble in water, such as cellulose ethers, rubber, gutta-percha, etc.; the products are fixed by drying or by precipitation. According to the examples, films are made from a solution in caustic soda lye of a cellulose phenyl-, tolyl-, xylyl-, or ethyl-thiourethane, by applying such solution to a support in the form of a film or by distributing it from a slit, the film being fixed by drying or by treatment with a solution of a salt or acid such as sulphuric acid or acetic acid, or ammonium chloride, or tannin or formaldehyde; the films prepared according to the first example may be subsequently heated or steamed, and they may be treated with aqueous solution of pyridine; films are also made from a solution of cellulose phenylthiourethane or cellulose tolylthiourethane in aqueous pyridine, to which may be added tricresyl phosphate, camphor or castor oil, the film being finally fixed by drying; or a solution of a cellulose xanthacetic acid in a solution of aniline is worked up into a film and, after drying, treated with a solution of aniline; artificial filaments are made from a solution of a cellulose tolylthiourethane in aqueous alkali which is either dried or is spun into an acid or salt bath, as in the case of films, or from a solution in aqueous alkali of viscose and a cellulose phenyl thiourethane or a cellulose tolylthiourethane, or from a solution of these thiourethanes in pyridine, the thread being fixed either by drying or by coagulation as by a salt solution; plastic masses are made by working together a cellulose phenylthiourethane or a cellulose tolylthriourethane with camphor, triphenylphosphate, an oil &c., in the presence or absence of dyestuffs or pigments; the manufacture of dressed or printed fabrics, or coated or impregnated fabrics suitable as artificial leather or book cloth, by applying one or more coatings of the solutions used in the preceding examples, with the addition of suitable fillers, pigments &c., to a fabric.ALSO:Substituted cellulose thiourethanes such as are produced according to the process described in Specification 231,801, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], are used in the manufacture or preparation of adhesives and cements, finishes, fillings, dressings, sizings, &c. on fabrics, fibres, paper, &c. The cellulose thiourethanes are obtained when a cellulose xanthofatty acid, or a salt thereof, reacts with an ammonia derivative in which at least one atom of hydrogen is replaced by an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol radicle, and which contains at last one exchangeable hydrogen atom. For the above manufactures and uses, the cellulose thiourethanes are used either in aqueous alkali solution, or in solution in volatile organic solvents such as primary, secondary, or tertiary amines of the aliphatic or aromatic series, or a higher amine, or pyridine, &c. Alternatively, the article or material may be prepared, using a cellulose xanthofatty acid, or a salt thereof, the article or material being afterwards treated with the ammonia derivative. When used in aqueous alkali solution, the following colloids or softening-agents may be worked up with the cellulose thiourethane:-cellulose hydrate and hydrocellulose soluble in alkali viscose, albuminous bodies, proteins, gelatine, amyloid, starch and the like, gums, pectic substances, tragasol, resins, artificial resins, shellac, glycerine, di-glycerine, polyglycerine, glycol, sugars, syrups, soaps, fats, and compounds of fatty-sulphonic acids with ammonia or an alkali metal, such as turkey-red oil, and also india-rubber, gutta-percha, balata, fats, oils, and metal salts of fatty acids; the product is fixed either by simple drying, or by coagulation by means of very weak acid such as carbonic acid or acetic acid, or by an alcohol, a salt, tannic acid, or formalin; and, after fixing, the products are rendered more flexible by treatment with a suitable volatile solvent, such as pyridine, in the form of solution or vapour, or they may be treated with a softening-agent such as glycerine, sugar, syrups, turkey-red oil, or soap.  To the solution of the cellulose thiourethane in volatile solvents there may be added softening-agents such as camphor or its substitutes, castor or linseed oil, or a phosphoric acid ester of a phenol, or a filler, or dye-stuff or a pigment, and the solution may be combined with other colloids insoluble in water, such as cellulose ethers, guttapercha, etc.; the products are fixed by drying or by precipitation.