baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2196321-T3 (ES)
Inventor: CASTELLANI ANTONIO
IPC: A61L2/08
Filed: 1997-12-02
Granted: 2003-12-16
Abstract: The invention concerns an installation for sterilising (1) products (11) by radiation comprising a particle accelerator (12) and an absorption trap (15) comprising a reflecting body with high reflectivity. The absorption trap (15) is U-shaped and its base is arranged in a straight line with the particle accelerator (12) while its wings are directed towards the particle accelerator (15) so as to partially enclose the product to be sterilised.
Patent ES-2162316-T3 (ES)
Inventor: MULLER RICHARD
IPC: B61B13/00
Filed: 1997-07-17
Granted: 2001-12-16
Abstract: In a travelling trolley assembly, the two side frame bars (6, 7) which extend on either side of the running rail (2) are connected to one another via two connecting columns (8). The connecting columns (8) are smooth and cylindrical on the outside are fitted into receiving or sliding-guidance devices which are formed in the side frame bars (6, 7) below the running rail (2). In order to adjust the distance between the two side frame bars (6, 7) and to fix the distance which has been set, receiving devices, through which a threaded rod (46) which is parallel to the connecting column (8) passes, are situated in the vicinity of the connecting columns (8). The distance is adjusted and fixed with the aid of screw threads (94, 95), preferably lock nuts, which rest on the connecting rod (46). This type of fixing arrangement does not damage the shape of the guide columns (8), so that dismantling is easy to carry out at any time.
Patent ES-2168655-T3 (ES)
Inventor: DEVAUX FRANCOIS
IPC: G07F7/10
Filed: 1997-07-25
Granted: 2002-06-16
Abstract: This IC card reader (1) is intended to release the software workload of a smart IC card (2) which itself supervises the running of its transaction. It is managed by a circuit (14) with microcontroller (140) and memory (141) and includes display means (11). It contains in memory (141) a library of programs which define visual, audio or other objects that are displayed on the display means and are executed by its circuit (14) with microcontroller (140) and memory (141) in response to a call from the connected IC card (2). By virtue of this library of programs, the IC card reader (1) provides a connected IC card (2) with a particularly sophisticated man-machine interface accessible using simplified commands. The object program calls are advantageously accompanied by parameters allowing the way in which the objects are defined and animated to be adjusted at leisure.
Patent ES-2222526-T3 (ES)
Inventor: SUTSOS PETE
IPC: G07C9/00
Filed: 1997-12-11
Granted: 2005-02-01
Abstract: A security structure-opening assembly (12) for use in unlocking a locked structure (24) comprising: a radio frequency receiver (16) formed to detect radio frequency signals on a radio frequency; an actuator (20) coupled to the receiver (16) and formed for coupling to one of a security structure lock assembly (25) and an unlocking mechanism (22A) for a security structure lock assembly (25) at a position by-passing any authorized user input device (23); the receiver (16) being responsive to detected signals to actuate the actuator (20) and produce unlocking of the lock assembly (25). At progressively higher levels of security, the radio signal is analyzed by a private line detector circuit (30), a digital burst detector circuit (31) and a decoder circuit (32). A method for providing a security structure-opening system (12) for a locked structure (24) having an authorized user input device (23) comprising the steps of: coupling a radio frequency receiver assembly (16) to a lock assembly (25) for the locked structure at a position by-passing the authorized user input device (23), the receiver assembly (16) being formed to detect the presence of signals on a radio frequency and formed to be responsive to a detected signal to unlock the lock assembly (25); and unlocking the lock assembly (25) by transmitting a signal on a radio frequency to the receiver (16). At progressively higher levels of security, the process includes the steps of analyzing the radio signal by a private line detector circuit (30), by a digital burst detector circuit (31) and by a decoder circuit (32).
Patent ES-2196413-T3 (ES)
Inventor: DAVIS KEITH PHILIP
IPC: C11D3/00
Filed: 1998-02-21
Granted: 2003-12-16
Abstract: The reaction of compounds of the formula: X2O3P CHY CZ2 where Y and each Z are each H, PO3X2, SO3X or CO2X (e.g. vinyl phosphonic acid or vinylidene diphosphonic acid) with hypophosphorous acid in the presence of free radicals provides novel compounds X2O3PCHYCZ2PO2XH which react with monomers such as vinyl sulphonate, vinyl phosphonate, vinylidene diphosphonate and acrylic acid to form telomers useful for scale inhibition, especially barium scale in oil wells. The polymers show better absorption to rock than PVSA and better thermal stability than random copolymers containing equivalent phosphorus.
Patent ES-2191888-T3 (ES)
Title: Inyector de combustible para motor de combustion interna y procedimiento para su montaje.
Inventor: RICCO MARIO
IPC: F02M51/06
Filed: 1998-07-09
Granted: 2003-09-16
Abstract: EL INYECTOR TIENE UN CUERPO HUECO (12) CON UNA BOQUILLA; UNA VALVULA MEDIDORA (24); Y UN ELECTROIMAN (26) PARA ACTIVAR UN INDUCIDO (27) QUE CONTROLA LA VALVULA (24). EL ELECTROIMAN (26) SE ALOJA DENTRO DE UNA CUBIERTA (54) QUE FORMA PARTE INTEGRAL DE UNA PARED TERMINAL (57) EQUIPADA CON UN ACCESORIO DE DESCARGA (32) DE LA VALVULA (24). EL INDUCIDO (27) SE GUIA MEDIANTE UN ELEMENTO DE GUIA (66) QUE TIENE UNA ROSCA (69) QUE SE ACOPLA A UNA ROSCA CORRESPONDIENTE (18) DEL CUERPO (12) HUECO, INDEPENDIENTEMENTE DEL MONTAJE DEL CUERPO (33) DE LA VALVULA (24). ENTRE EL ELECTROIMAN (26) Y EL ELEMENTO GUIA (66) SE HA DISPUESTO UN SEPARADOR (82) DE TAMAÑO MODULAR PARA AJUSTAR EL ESPACIO ENTRE EL INDUCIDO (27) Y EL ELECTROIMAN (26). LA CUBIERTA (54) SE ADAPTA AL CUERPO HUECO (12) MEDIANTE UNA TAPA (62) QUE SE ENROSCA EN EL CUERPO HUECO (12).
Patent ES-2183277-T3 (ES)
Title: Polvo de acero ferritico inoxidable para cuerpo sinterizado.
Inventor: SHIMIZU TAKAYOSHI
IPC: F02B77/08
Filed: 1998-12-07
Granted: 2003-03-16
Abstract: SE DESCRIBE UN POLVO COMPUESTO POR POLVO DE ACERO INOXIDABLE DE FERRITA QUE CONTIENE C: < 0,1% EN PESO, SI: < 3,0% EN PESO, MN: < 0,30% EN PESO, NI: < 2,0% EN PESO, CR: DEL 11 AL 22%, MO: < 3,0% EN PESO, SIENDO EL RESTO PRACTICAMENTE FE. AL POLVO SE LE AÑADE UN COMPUESTO METALICO DE B, PREFERENTEMENTE CRB, SIENDO LA CANTIDAD DE B DE UN 0,03% A UN 0,2% EN PESO, BASADO EN EL PESO DEL POLVO.
Patent ES-2217523-T3 (ES)
Inventor: FULLEA GARCIA JOSE
IPC: H01M50/529
Filed: 1998-07-16
Granted: 2004-11-01
Abstract: A multicell electric storage battery with a prismatic container (1) and cylindrical cells, which comprises throughpassing vertical conduits (15-16) opening through the lid and bottom and disposed among adjacent cells and intended for the circulation of air or another coolant and for the passage of threaded anchoring rods. (17). The cylindrical walls of the cells include a planar upper segment with an opening through which the electrical connection of adjacent cells is made. <IMAGE>
Patent ES-2182284-T3 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento y red de comunicaciones para la preparacion de anuncios.
Inventor: NIMPHIUS KLAUS
IPC: H04Q7/22
Filed: 1998-02-11
Granted: 2003-03-01
Abstract: LA INVENCION SE REFIERE A UN PROCEDIMIENTO Y A UNA RED DE TELECOMUNICACIONES, CARACTERIZADOS PORQUE UNO O VARIOS TEXTOS DE ANUNCIOS (ANT) SE CONTIENEN EN UN PUNTO DE CONTROL DE SERVICIO (SCP). UN MENSAJE (IDP) INICIADO POR UNA LLAMADA DE UN USUARIO (A) Y QUE CONTIENE INFORMACION (IPCA) SOBRE LA POSIBILIDAD DE SOPORTAR ANUNCIOS POR UNA UNIDAD ANUNCIADORA (IP), ES RECIBIDO Y EVALUADO POR EL PUNTO DE CONTROL DE SERVICIO (SCP). SI UN ANUNCIO ES SOPORTADO POR UNA UNIDAD ANUNCIADORA (IP, A - IP) EL PUNTO DE CONTROL DE SERVICIO (SCP) TRANSMITE UN MENSAJE (PAP) QUE CONTIENE EL TEXTO DEL ANUNCIO (ANT). LA UNIDAD DE ANUNCIO (IP, A - IP) CONVIERTE UN TEXTO DE ANUNCIO (ANT) QUE HA SIDO RECIBIDO EN UN ANUNCIO (ANN) QUE SE TRANSMITE ENTONCES POR UN CANAL VOCAL AL USUARIO (A) QUE HA EFECTUADO LA LLAMADA.
Patent ES-2201471-T3 (ES)
Inventor: CHOU YUETING
IPC: C07D233/60
Filed: 1998-03-27
Granted: 2004-03-16
Abstract: A first embodiment comprises reacting PSI with polyhydrazide selected from the group consisting of dihydrazides and trihydrazides and mixtures thereof, subsequently hydrolyzing the crosslinked PSI with base to produce crosslinked polyaspartate. A second embodiment comprises reacting PSI with hydrazine to form an intermediate product which is reacted with polyacyl chloride or polyester to produce crosslinked PSI followed by hydrolysis to form crosslinked salt. Isolation of the intermediate before reaction with the polyacyl chloride or polyester is unnecessary.
Patent ES-2174432-T3 (ES)
Inventor: MAY LUTZ AXEL
IPC: G01R33/04
Filed: 1998-05-13
Granted: 2002-11-01
Abstract: A circuit for sensing a magnetic field has at least one saturable coil (L1). The circuit includes switches (S1, S2) controlled by a comparator (12) to drive the coil (L1) to saturation by alternating polarities of current. In the absence of an external magnetic field the currents are balanced. An applied external magnetic field causes an unbalance in the coil (L1) in reaching saturation. An unbalance current is applied through a sensing resistor (R2) to an integrator (20) to develop an output voltage (Vo) as a measure of the applied magnetic field. The switches (S1, S2) are implemented by transistor switches. Dual (FIG. 1) and single (FIG. 2) supply rail circuits are disclosed. The circuit finds particular application in torque transducers using magnetoelastic elements.
Patent ES-2256945-T3 (ES)
Inventor: SCHMIDT RICHARD A
IPC: A61P15/00
Filed: 1998-07-15
Granted: 2006-07-16
Abstract: The present application is directed to the use of a therapeutically effective amount botulinum toxin in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient with a neurogenic bladder dysfunction, wherein the composition is to be administered by injection into a bladder wall of a patient with said neurogenic bladder dysfunction, thereby treating a symptom of said neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Patent ES-2262237-T3 (ES)
Inventor: GRUZDEV VALENTIN A
IPC: H05B3/00
Filed: 1998-07-02
Granted: 2006-11-16
Abstract: An apparatus for heat generation includes a vessel (1) having a working chamber containing a working polar fluid (2). A source of pulsed light (3) and a light-reflecting surface (5) wettable by the working fluid are situated within the working chamber. A thermal energy is released into the working polar fluid by the pulsed light irradiation of the working fluid in the vicinity of the light-reflecting surface (5).
Patent ES-2163878-T3 (ES)
Inventor: HALLENSTVET MERETE
IPC: F21V7/22
Filed: 1998-06-24
Granted: 2002-02-01
Abstract: A description of a procedure for producing a semi-product for lighting purposes, a semi-product for lighting purposes and equipment for producing the semi-product for lighting purposes. A sheet material or substrate (10), preferably of a metallic material such as aluminium or an aluminium alloy, may expediently comprise a wound, sheet material or a coil. The substrate is treated/coated to produce delimited fields or stripes (1, 2, 3) with different lighting and aesthetic properties, after which the plane substrate is formed/processed into the form of the semi-product.
Patent ES-2273431-T3 (ES)
Inventor: PIIRAINEN OLLI
IPC: H04B7/02
Filed: 1998-08-13
Granted: 2007-05-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a method of optimizing transmission, and a transmitter receiving digital signals, in which the transmitter is used in a radio system to optimally transmit the signals. The transmitter includes modulation means arranged to modulate the received signals, and converter means for converting the digital signal into an analog signal before signal transmission. The position of the signal received by the converter means within the dynamic range of the converter means affects optimality of the signal obtained from the conversion. The transmitter further include means for generating weighting coefficients, and means for weighting each modulated signal by a specific weighting coefficient so as to set the mutual power levels of the signals into predetermined relations and to optimally dispose the signals within the dynamic range of the converter means. In addition, the transmitter includes means for combining the weighted signals, after which the converter means converts the combined signal into an analog signal, and means for scaling the signal converted into the analog signal into a predetermined power level.
Patent ES-2192782-T3 (ES)
Inventor: FISCHER HARTMUT RUDOLF
IPC: C08K3/34
Filed: 1998-08-07
Granted: 2003-10-16
Abstract: The invention relates to a nanocomposite material on the basis of a clay having a layered structure and a cation exchange capacity of from 30 to 250 milliequivalents per 100 gram, a polymeric matrix and a block copolymer or a graft copolymer, which block copolymer or graft copolymer comprises one or more first structural units (A), which are compatible with the clay, and one or more second structural units (B), which are compatible with the polymeric matrix.
Patent ES-2224432-T3 (ES)
Inventor: FEUERSTRAETER MARK T
IPC: H04L1/00
Filed: 1998-09-08
Granted: 2005-03-01
Abstract: A network device automatically detects the best protocol a network will support. The network device includes a driver for transmitting data, a receiver for receiving data, and a port operationally coupled to the driver and receiver. The network device further includes negotiation logic coupled to the driver and receiver for selecting a protocol in coordination with other network devices. The network device further includes error detection logic and backs down to a lower transmission rate if errors are detected after the initial negotiation of the selected protocol. <IMAGE>
Patent ES-2316173-T3 (ES)
Inventor: LEVINE ARNOLD J
IPC: G01N33/68
Filed: 1998-10-29
Granted: 2009-04-01
Abstract: DNAs are provided, whose genes are induced at least by Wnt-1. Also provided are nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides, as well as vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides, and methods for producing the polypeptides.
Patent ES-2164464-T3 (ES)
Title: Tratamiento de aguas residuales en el fosfatado.
Inventor: BROUWER JAN-WILLEM
IPC: C02F1/44
Filed: 1998-11-26
Granted: 2002-02-16
Abstract: Procedimiento para el tratamiento del rebose de baño de fosfatado y/o de agua de lavado tras el fosfatado, efectuándose el fosfatado con una disolución de fosfatado ácida acuosa, que contiene 3 a 50 g/l de iones fosfato, calculados como PO 34 , 0,2 a 3 g/l de iones cinc, en caso dado otros iones metálicos, así como aceleradores, caracterizado porque el acelerador representa una molécula orgánica o ion molecular con un peso molecular de al menos 80 g/mol, y porque se somete el rebose del bano de fosfatado y/o el agua de lavado a una ultrafiltración.
Patent ES-2217619-T3 (ES)
Title: Paredes de separacion termica.
Inventor: HIRATH JURGEN
IPC: F25D23/06
Filed: 1998-10-16
Granted: 2004-11-01
Abstract: Pared termoaislante (10) con dos capas de cubierta (13, 17) dispuestas separadas entre sí, realizadas al menos en gran medida estancas al vacío, que junto con un elemento de unión (23) al menos en gran medida estanco al vacío encierran un espacio intermedio (21) en el que se puede hacer el vacío, que va relleno de un material termoaislante (22) en el que se puede hacer el vacío, donde el elemento de unión (23) asienta y va fijado estanco al vacío sobre unas pestañas acodadas (14, 18) previstas a lo largo de los bordes libres de las capas de cubierta (17, 13), y orientadas alejadas del espacio intermedio (21), caracterizada porque el elemento de unión (23) va fijado estanco al vacío sobre la superficie de asiento (15, 20) de las pestañas acodadas (14, 18).
Patent ES-2227923-T3 (ES)
Title: Tubo ondulado con segmentos de panel superpuestos.
Inventor: KIRCHNER OTTO
IPC: B29C48/13
Filed: 1999-04-16
Granted: 2005-04-01
Abstract: LA INVENCION DESCRIBE UN TUBO ONDULADO, EN ESPECIAL TAMBIEN COMO SEMIPRODUCTO, QUE, SEGUN LA INVENCION, PRESENTA EN SECCION DOS ZONAS O ALAS (102, 104) OPUESTAS EN UN PLANO DE UNA SECCION LONGITUDINAL AXIAL, POR LO QUE UN ALA PUEDE RODEAR PARCIALMENTE A LA OTRA CERRANDO EL TUBO ONDULADO EN SENTIDO LONGITUDINAL.
Patent ES-2174566-T3 (ES)
Title: Herramienta de corte y metodo de montaje por encogimiento para la misma.
Inventor: NAGAYA HIDEHIKO
IPC: B23P11/02
Filed: 1999-12-07
Granted: 2002-11-01
Abstract: Una herramienta de corte (10) que consta de una herramienta (12) y una parte (3) de portaherramienta con un agujero (6) para ajuste del cuerpo principal (13) de la herramienta mediante montaje con encogimiento, caracterizado porque la herramienta (12) consta de un cuerpo principal (13) de la herramienta y de una parte de guía (14) con un diámetro menor que el del cuerpo principal (13) de la herramienta y formada coaxialmente con respecto a él, fijándose el diámetro exterior (D1) del cuerpo principal (13) de la herramienta para que sea mayor que el diámetro interior (d) del agujero (6), de forma que la diferencia de tamaño puede servir como interferencia, siendo el diámetro exterior o el diámetro (D2) del círculo circunscrito de la parte de guía (14) de la herramienta (12) ligeramente menor que el diámetro interior (d) del agujero (6), y estando la longitud (L) de la parte de guía (14) de la herramienta (12) en el intervalo (1/4)d < L < d, de forma que la parte de guía (14) se introduzca apretadamente en el agujero (6) a temperatura ambiente, y en la que en la sección de conexión entre el cuerpo principal (13) de la herramienta y la parte de guía (14) hay prevista una parte de resalto (13a) que entre en contacto con una superficie alrededor del agujero (6).
Patent ES-2221319-T3 (ES)
Title: Cartucho de filtro de aceite.
Inventor: JANIK JEON P
IPC: B01D35/30
Filed: 1999-11-12
Granted: 2004-12-16
Abstract: Cartucho de filtro que comprende: un filtro (28); un alojamiento para dicho filtro, comprendiendo dicho alojamiento unas primera y segunda partes (22, 24) y teniendo un eje (A) central; definiendo una parte una abertura axial y estando unida a la otra parte a lo largo de una costura (30) arrollada periférica; caracterizado porque al menos una parte de dichos alojamiento y costura arrollada está desplazada radialmente hacia fuera en relación con las restantes partes del alojamiento y de la costura arrollada para formar una lengüeta (50) de retención.
Patent ES-2218966-T3 (ES)
Inventor: SARDO ALBERTO
IPC: B07C5/342
Filed: 1999-10-13
Granted: 2004-11-16
Abstract: The visual examination station for fruits (14) has conveyors (18) to feed the fruit to a viewing post (90,92) in the conveying path. There can be two viewing posts (90,92) placed successively on the conveying path to view opposite surfaces of the fruit which are tuned over by grippers.
Patent ES-2168863-T3 (ES)
Title: Perfil hueco con refuerzo interno y procedimiento para la fabricacion de este perfil hueco.
Inventor: BECKMANN FRIEDHELM
IPC: B60R13/08
Filed: 1999-03-15
Granted: 2002-06-16
Abstract: Procedimiento para la fabricación de un perfil hueco con refuerzo interno, en especial para su aplicación en las carrocerías de la industria del automóvil, en el que un material de núcleo (1) sólido es revestido con un material activable (2) y se dispone una chapa exterior (4) con la consiguiente formación de un espacio hueco (3) que está definido de antemano, en donde este espacio hueco (3) es rellenado por completo mediante el proceso de formación de espuma partiendo del material activable (2) y el material de núcleo (1) sólido está formado por un material metálico de tipo espumado o no espumado, o bien por un material sintético reforzado por unas fibras de metal, fibras de carbono o fibras de vidrio, o también por un perfil hueco, y el citado perfil es conducido a un baño de inmersión contra la corrosión y el agente de protección anticorrosiva, antes del proceso de formación de la espuma del material activable (2), llega de este modo a todas las zonas del perfil interior, así como el perfil hueco es conducido a un horno de secado a continuación, y en este horno de secado se inicia una reacción del material activable (2), por la cual se rellena el espacio hueco (3) definido de antemano entre el material activable (2) y la chapa exterior (4).
Patent ES-2262319-T3 (ES)
Inventor: WALD NICHOLAS JOHN
IPC: G01N33/68
Filed: 1999-04-29
Granted: 2006-11-16
Abstract: A method of screening for fetal Down's syndrome is described. Screening marker levels are measured. These may be measurements of a biochemical marker in a maternal sample or measurements of a marker from an ultrasound scan. The marker levels are used to calculate a risk of Down's syndrome. Instead of using markers from a single stage of pregnancy, the method uses markers from two or more different stages of pregnancy, typically one being in the first and another being in second trimester. The method may be automated.
Patent ES-2229702-T3 (ES)
Title: Nicotianamina sistasa y gen que codifica esta ultima.
Inventor: MORI SATOSHI
IPC: C12N9/10
Filed: 1999-04-30
Granted: 2005-04-16
Abstract: Un enzima aislado que presenta actividad sintasa de nicotianamina, que comprende una secuencia de aminoácidos seleccionada de: (a) SEC ID N:1, o de (b) una secuencia que es homóloga a la SEC ID N:1.
Patent ES-2221744-T3 (ES)
Title: Proceso para la fabricacion de copolimeros de etileno con alfa-olefinas.
Inventor: DALL OCCO TIZIANO
IPC: C08F210/16
Filed: 1999-04-13
Granted: 2005-01-01
Abstract: La invención se refiere a copolímeros basados en el etileno que tiene alto peso molecular, baja distribución de pesos moleculares, y muy buena distribución homogénea de unidades de comonómeros que se pueden obtener con altos rendimientos a temperaturas de interés industrial, realizando la reacción de polimerización en presencia de catalizadores de metaloceno que incluyen compuestos particulares puenteados bis-indenilo sustituidos en la posición 3 de los grupos indenilo.
Patent ES-2205834-T3 (ES)
Inventor: DAVIS TERRENCE ROBERT
IPC: B67D1/08
Filed: 1999-06-15
Granted: 2004-05-01
Abstract: A beverage dispense apparatus having one or more outlets for fluids to be dispensed, a fluid supply line for each fluid, each outlet being governed by a valve, and a valve actuator to open and close each valve. A flow sensor is positioned in each fluid supply line and connected to a control which controls the opening of its respective valve on receiving a start signal and actuates closing of the valve when the pre-determined amount of fluid flow has been achieved. Each valve includes a closure member movable in a passageway from a first position in which the valve is fully closed to a second position in which the valve is fully open. The closure member comprises a groove having a transverse cross section that increases in area in the downstream or upstream direction, whereby movement of the closure member from the first position towards the second position opens a flow channel through the groove.
Patent ES-2180319-T3 (ES)
Title: Utilizacion de derivados de metilenbisoxazolidina y composiciones de los mismos.
Inventor: BEILFUSS WOLFGANG
IPC: A01N43/76
Filed: 1999-09-03
Granted: 2003-02-01
Abstract: Composición microbicida estable, caracterizada porque comprende derivados de metilenbisoxazolidina y de ácido 1H-bencimidazol-2-ilcarbámico.
Patent ES-2243082-T3 (ES)
Inventor: MAA YUH-FUN
IPC: A61K9/16
Filed: 1999-10-01
Granted: 2005-11-16
Abstract: Spray-coated pharmaceutical powder compositions for transdermal administration using a needleless syringe comprise seed particles coated with a pharmaceutical composition, the said coated seed particles having an average size of about 10 to 100 mum and having an envelope density ranging from about 0.1 to about 25 g/cm<3>.