baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1475738-A (GB)
Title: Thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
IPC: C10G9/00
Filed: 1974-08-28
Abstract: 1475738 Thermal cracking of hydrocarbons IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 30 July 1975 [28 Aug 1974] 37572/74 Heading C5E A process of thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock comprises the steps of: (a) thermally cracking the feed in the radiant zone of a pyrolysis furnace to produce a process stream comprising ethylene and having a temperature above 700‹ C., (b) allowing the process stream to undergo endothermic reaction in a thermally lagged zone beyond the radiant zone of the furnace for 0À03-1 seconds such that its temperature falls as a result of heat uptake by continued endothermic reactions from a value above 700‹ C. whereby to enhance the ethylene yield and (c) quenching the process stream. A diluent stream (e.g. steam or H2) or an additional hydrocarbon stream (e.g. butenes) may be added to the process after emergence of the process stream from the radiant zone either prior to the endothermic reaction zone or in the initial stages of the endothermic reaction step. The diluent steam or H 2  may be used in the radiant zone of the thermal cracking.
Patent GB-1329774-A (GB)
Title: Display panel
Inventor: CARAS B
IPC: H01J17/49
Filed: 1971-08-11
Abstract: 1329774 Gas discharge display panels BURROUGHS CORP 11 Aug 1971 [24 Aug 1970] 37598/71 Heading H1D A gas filled display panel comprises a first grooved plate with a first set of electrodes 60 disposed in grooves 30, a second set of electrodes 70 spaced from and crossing the first set, a second plate 110 with a matrix of apertures 120 aligned with the intersections of the first and second sets, a third plate 150 and a third set of electrodes 130 between the second and third plates extending over the apertures, the first plate having an end which extends beyond the other plates to support the ends of electrodes 60. The electrodes 70 containing apertures 100 are arranged in slots in the first plate or in aligned slots in the first and second plates. The intersections of electrodes 60, 70 define an array of scanning cells. A further set of electrodes 130 extend over plate 110 in slots in either plate 110 or cover plate 150. The ends of electrodes 130 are bent down into grooves 30 e.g. by a glass or ceramic rod (12) Fig. 1 (not shown) without contacting electrodes 60. External connections to electrodes 60, 130 are effected in the grooves 30 in the extended end portions of the first plate. The connectors comprise an insulating bar 65 with a plurality of pins 80 which contact the ends 62 of conductors 60 formed into resilient balls. Alternatively the contacts fit into grooves 30 and bear down on the electrodes, the contacts may be on the rod 12. In further embodiments the contacts are formed by bent over ends of wires which are wrapped around a grooved block which mates with the grooves in the first plate. The plates are of glass or ceramic. The electrodes 70 and first and second plates are aligned by pegs 95.
Patent GB-768294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of burning cement, lime and like materials containing calcium carbonate
IPC: C04B2/12
Filed: 1954-12-31
Abstract: Uniform sized pellets of lime powder and coal are coated with a uniformly thick fuel-free shell, the carbon content of the core being less than corresponds to Havenschild's equation (CaCO3+C= 2CO +CaO), and are burned in shaft kilns operating on the counter flow principle.  The shell may be formed from lime powder, burnt clinker dust or residue dust.  The coal may be ground to less than 1 mm. diameter.  Regulation of the fuel to air ratio may be obtained by varying the shell thickness and pellet diameter.ALSO:Uniform sized pellets of cement powder and coal are coated with a uniformly thick fuel-free shell, the carbon content of the core being less than corresponds to Havenschild's equation, and are burned in shaft kilns operating on the counter-flow principle. The shell may be formed from the cement powder, burnt clinker dust or residue dust.  The coal may be ground to less than 1 mm. diameter.  Regulation of the fuel to air ratio may be obtained by varying the shell thickness and pellet diameter.
Patent GB-1399362-A (GB)
Title: Lubrication of metal surfaces
IPC: C10M141/10
Filed: 1972-08-14
Abstract: 1399362 Lubrication INSTITUTO DE QUIMICA FISICA ROCASOLANO 14 Aug 1972 37862/72 Addition to 1371204 Heading C5F In the method of the parent Specification, the dispersing medium comprises a high-pressure additive, e.g. an alkyl polysulphide, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, a sulphurized olefine, or sulphurized spermaceti oil.
Patent GB-1062970-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to milling,grinding and other machine-tools
IPC: B23Q5/26
Filed: 1964-09-17
Abstract: 1,062,970. Milling; grinding. C. & S. (AUTOMATION) Ltd. Dec. 16, 1965 [Sept. 17, 1964], No. 37935/64. Headings B3B, B3D and B3K. A milling or grinding machine tool comprises a beam 7 moved about a pivot 8 by pistons connected to opposite ends of the beam and operated by air against fluid resistance, the beam carrying a tool to engage a workpiece movable longitudinally and transversely of the machine bed. The tool is a milling cutter rotated by an air motor 14. The work is mounted on a table 19 movable on guides 18 having screws 21 for taking up wear. The guides 18 are carried on a slide 16 adjusted by a screwed shaft 17. The table 19 is traversed by a screw or by a pneumatic device 23 working against an hydraulic dash-pot 24 having a speed control valve 29. The beam 7 is rocked by a pneumatic device 33 operating against an hydraulic dashpot 35 connected to a reservoir 36 under pressure from the air supply to the cutter motor 14. Alternatively, the devices 33, 35 have pistons having opposite sides connected to air and fluid sources. Moreover, the motor 14 and cutter may be mounted on opposite ends of the beam and connected by gearing. An indexing head may be mounted on the table 19. The slide 16 may also be moved by air opposed by a dashpot.
Patent GB-915953-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to refractory bricks
Inventor: KIRKBY ROLAND ARTHUR
IPC: B28B23/00
Filed: 1960-11-05
Abstract: 915,953. Refractory bricks. GENERAL REFRACTORIES Ltd. Oct. 30, 1961 [Nov. 5, 1960], No. 38089/60. Class 51 (2). A metal-clad unfired, chemically-bonded basic refractory brick consisting of calcined magnesite or mixtures of the latter with chrome ore comprises two lengthwise-extending sections 4, 5 of refractory material separated by a correspondingly-extending metal spacer-plate 6 secured in position during the pressure-moulding of the refractory material, the spacer plate having a flange along one of the longitudinal edges to lay along a longitudinal face, or, as shown, having flanges 7 along both such edges to lay in oppositely-disposed longitudinal faces of the rectangular section brick together with a unitary cladding of metal sheet 10 bent to surround the longitudinal faces of the rectangular section and with its two meeting edges 10B overlapping the flange or one of the flanges to which they are secured. The plate 6 has lugs 9, as shown in Fig. 2, formed by part-punching holes and bending up material from the plate 6 which serve to key the plate to the refractory material. The cladding sheet 10 is secured to the flange 7 either by spot-welding 11, as shown in Fig. 3, or by pressed projection 19, Fig. 12, registering in recesses pressed in the flange 7c, the sheet 10 being castellated as shown. Modifications include various arrangements of flanges 7, additional flanges welded to the plate to sub-divide the width longitudinally, and provision of suspension plates or hooks.
Patent GB-903473-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ionic bombardment cleaning apparatus
Inventor: HOLLAND LESLIE ARTHUR
IPC: C23C14/02
Filed: 1957-12-09
Abstract: 903,473. Discharge apparatus. EDWARDS HIGH VACUUM Ltd. Nov. 25, 1958 [Dec. 9, 1957], No. 38245/57. Class 39 (1). [Also in Group XX] In ionic bombardment cleaning apparatus, for use, e.g., in the cleaning of optical surfaces prior to coating with metal, a cathode electrode is so disposed or arranged that the work surface is not directly exposed to electrons emitted by the cathode. A shield may be provided between the cathode and the work surface and may be located in the cathode dark space, in which case an alternative discharge path of sufficient length for sustaining ionization must be present. In one arrangement, Fig. 2, a shield 4 is placed between a rod cathode 5 and a work-piece (not shown) carried by a rotary holder 1. Two such shielded rod cathodes may be employed connected across an alternating high-tension supply (Fig. 3, not shown). In the known arrangement shown in Fig. 5, two ring electrodes 7 and 8 are located between two earthed shields 9 and 10. Shield 10 prevents the discharge from reaching the wall of the glass vessel (not shown) and shield 9 prevents material from the vapour source 12 from forming a deposit on the electrode surfaces. In accordance with the invention the height of the shield 9 is increased, or alternatively the shield is provided with a flange, so as to intercept all straight line paths between the electrodes 7 and 8 and the spherical work-holder 11. The electrodes 7 and 8 are spaced-apart by a distance less than the length of the cathode dark space so the discharge follows paths such as those indicated by the dotted lines. The arrangement may be operated on D.C. by making one electrode, preferably electrode 8, a cathode and the other an anode. In a further arrangement (Fig. 6, not shown), the cathode is in the form of an annular plate which may be split into two elements for A.C. operation. Gases mentioned as being suitable for use in the apparatus are nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and a mixture of air and oxygen.
Patent GB-1201772-A (GB)
Title: Friction elements for a brake or clutch
IPC: F16D69/02
Filed: 1967-08-21
Abstract: 1,201,772. Brake linings; friction clutches. BORG-WARNER CORP. 21 Aug., 1967 [25 Oct., 1966], No. 38362/67. Headings F2C and F2E. [Also in Division C7] In a friction element, such as for clutches and brakes, having a rigid backing member 10 and at least one friction member 12a affixed to the backing member, the friction member has a porous layer of metal fibres heat treated to sinter adjacent fibres directly to one another and the porosity of the layer is at least 50% voids. The fibre material may be of carbon steel, chrome or molybdenum alloy steels, stainless steel, Cu, or steel fibres with a diffused coating of Cr or Mo followed by carburizing. The fibres are slurried in a liquid, felted on a disc former, dried and compressed. Two discs of fibres are then assembled on each side of a steel backing plate 10 and the assembly is compressed and sintered in a reducing atmosphere such as hydrogen. One representative process of forming the sintered layer is described in Specification 821,690. As shown, the friction discs are formed with outer sintered fibre metal layers 16 having less voids than the inner layers 14 so that if the friction discs are operated in oil the inner layers 14 absorb more oil than the outer layers to provide good frictional properties at the wear faces. The friction members may be used in a vehicle automatic transmission and multiple disc clutch pack. The backing plate 10 may be of bronze, steel or cast iron and may be attached to the friction members 12a by welding, sintering, brazing or by cementing with phenolic or epoxy resin. The wear faces of the friction members may be hardened at their outer surfaces (20, Fig. 3, not shown), by nitriding, carburizing, applying a hard facing or applying a glassy enamel ceramic-like coating to the fibres. The enamel coating is applied to the sintered metal fibres in the form of a slurry and the friction members are then heated in an oven to melt the enamel into the interstices care being taken not to seal off the entire surface of the wear face so as to enable oil to be absorbed into the porous layers beneath the enamel coating.
Patent GB-1397553-A (GB)
Title: Driving and driven member combinations having position- indicating means
IPC: G01B7/02
Filed: 1971-08-16
Abstract: 1397553 Indicating apparatus NORMALAIR -GARRETT (HOLDINGS) Ltd 19 July 1972 [16 Aug 1971] 38363/71 Heading G1J [Also in Division F2] The position of a driven member 3 relative to fixed reference means is obtained by referring to an indicator carried by a spindle 6 which is fixed to the driven member 3 independently of the coaxial connection between the driven and driving members 3, 1. The spindle 6 extends coaxially through the driving member 1, and the indicator carried thereby may comprise a visible mark which is compared with the position of a reference mark on cover plate 9. The indicator may also comprise a cam 10, the reference then comprising switch means 11. The member 3 may be rotated or reciprocated by member 1 and may comprise for example a valve member, or aircraft flap.
Patent GB-1147869-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to iron cores for transformers and chokes
IPC: H01F27/245
Filed: 1967-08-22
Abstract: 1,147,869. Transformers and reactors. MASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON. 22 Aug., 1967 [22 Aug., 1966], No. 38611/67. Heading H1T. A closed loop laminated iron core, of grainoriented material, for transformers and chokes comprises at least three limbs, each lamination layer consisting of two inner loops and a surrounding outer loop, the loops being mutually spaced by air gaps, one end of each inner limb stamping 7 being mitred to an inner yoke stamping 5, the other end thereof being butted against either an inner or outer yoke stamping, the external edges of the mitred yoke and inner limb stampings being cut off flush at right angles to the line of mitre between them, one edge of a triangular insert piece 8 being butted against one of the flush edges and the other edge and hypotenuse thereof abutting against the other flush edge and against an outer yoke stamping respectively or abutting against an outer yoke stamping and against an inner limb stamping respectively. A further isosceles triangular insert 9 may be provided, or a rectangular insert (11), (Fig. 2, not shown), may be used. The core is built up of layers having the configuration shown in full lines, but each alternate layer is laid inverted (as shown in broken lines), to produce an interleaved structure. The inserts 8 and 9 may be of rightangled isosceles shape. The grain orientation is longitudinal in the laminations but parallel to one of the equal sides of the triangular insert, and parallel to the long sides of the rectangular insert. A further embodiment is described (Fig. 4, not shown).
Patent GB-1530187-A (GB)
Title: Electric heating elements
IPC: H05B3/24
Filed: 1977-09-19
Abstract: 1530187 Resistance heating element KENNETH E BESWICK Ltd 19 Sept 1977 [20 Sept 1976] 38963/76 Heading H5H A rigid self supporting heating element is formed by winding a resistance heating wire or strip on a flexible heat resistance core, e.g. glass or asbestos fibre coated or impregnated with a thermosetting material (silicone varnish), forming the wound core 2 into a desired configuration, e.g. on a temporary former 1, and heating the wound core 2 whilst in the desired configuration to cure the thermosetting material and set the heating element in the desired configuration.
Patent GB-1009891-A (GB)
Title: Alkylendicyanamides and the preparation thereof
Inventor: SUGINO KIICHIRO
IPC: C08G73/00
Filed: 1961-10-31
Abstract: The invention comprises compounds of the formula NC.NH(CH2)mNH.CN where m is an integer, and their production by reacting the corresponding alkylene diamine with a cyanogen halide under acidic conditions. Examples prepare the above compounds in which m is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.  The hexamethylene dicyanamide reacts with (i) N-HCl to give hexamethylene diurea, and (ii) NH4NO3 to give hexamethylene diguanidine dinitrate.  Specifications 549,368 and 1,009,892 are referred to.
Patent GB-1084744-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for aerial distribution of material
Inventor: RAZAK CHARLES KENNETH
IPC: B64D1/16
Filed: 1964-09-24
Abstract: 1,084,744. Spraying from aircraft C. K. RAZAK. Sept. 24, 1964, No. 39053/64. Heading A1D. [Also in Division B2] In an aircraft for dispensing liquid and/or granular material, a stream of air is forced rearwardly of the aircraft from openings 118 positioned on the wings 42 (Fig. 4) forwardly of trailing flaps 44, 46, 48, 50, into which stream granular material is introduced adjacent a metering device 66 (Fig. 2), or liquid is introduced from nozzles 148. The air stream is created by a compressor 90 driven by an engine 100, is forced along a longitudinal duct 114 and via wing ducts 116 to the openings 118. The size of the openings is controlled by adjustable flaps 136. Granual material stored in a hopper 52 is fed into the metering device (Figs. 2 and 11) through an opening 64 which has positioned thereabove a frame 80 (Fig. 12). The frame has spaced dividers 82 preferably aligned with radial vanes 72 on rotary valve body 70, and each space may be blocked off by plates 84 so as to vary the rate of feed of material to the duct 114. The stream of air may be controlled by hinged panels positioned forwardly of the metering device, and the number and width of the panels preferably corresponds to the number and width of the plates 84. For dispensing liquids the hopper is provided with a liquid outlet pipe 142 through which liquid passes to a pump 144 and thence via a valve 168 and pipe 164 into a conduit system. The system comprises conduits 150 extending along the wings and pipes 154 running therefrom to nozzles 148. The conduits 150 may constitute trailing flap hinges. An overflow pipe 166 is provided should the pressure in the conduit system become too great. A fluid pump 170 mounted on and driven by the engine 100 supplies power for driving the pump motor 146 and the metering device. A shoot 60 is provided whereby in an emergency material in the hopper can be dumped. When the forced air stream passes rearwardly of the wings 42 it is subjected to a trailing vortex system, and the vortex system can be varied by varying the angle of one or more of the trailing edge flaps.
Patent GB-1411496-A (GB)
Title: Process for after-treating hot briquettes or the like
IPC: C22B1/14
Filed: 1973-08-17
Abstract: 1411496 After treating coal containing shaped bodies METALLGESELLSCHAFT AG and BERGWERKSVERBAND GmbH 17 Aug 1973 [26 Sept 1972] 39066/73 Heading C5G Hot briquettes or other hot shaped bodies which have been produced by shaping a mixture comprising or consisting of coking coal at 350 to 550 C. are moved in countercurrent to free oxygen containing gases through a shaft whereby their temperature is raised 50 to 200 C. by combustion over their shaping temperature. Combustion of components in gas may also occur contributing to temperature raising. The free O 2  containing gas may be recirculated gas to which air is added either before or whilst the gas encounters the bodies. In the figure, a mixture of coke and coking coal is briquetted in a double roll press 1, passed by conveyers 2 and 3 and down shoot 4 into shaft 5, where valve members 8 are controlled so that shaft is always entirely filled with briquettes up to shoots 7. Recirculated gas mixed with air flows in at 9. Shaped bodies which may also be treated include those made from coking coal alone and coal mixtures containing coking coal. Pellets which have been made in a rotary drum from a mixture of hot, fine-grained coke with predried or preheated fine caking coal with or without an addition of tar pitch may also be treated.
Patent GB-970536-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to power-driven ploughs
IPC: A01B9/00
Filed: 1959-11-19
Abstract: 970,536. Agricultural implements. R. H. BRAUNE. Nov. 17, 1960 [Nov. 19, 1959], No. 39197/59. Heading A1B. An agricultural plough comprises a set of parallel dished ploughing discs mounted in a frame 11 and driven from a tractor power shaft through a shaft 32. The frame 11 is pivotally attached to a member 13 arranged to be attached to a tractor three point linkage, an adjustable telescopic assembly 12 being provided so that the inclination of the discs to the direction of movement of the plough may be adjusted. To counteract the thrust of the ploughing discs, stabilizing discs 41 are provided and are so connected that they are retained in a predetermined position relative to the direction of movement of the plough irrespective of the adjusted position of the ploughing discs. The discs may be replaced by a landside or alternatively a further set of ploughing discs may be provided to counteract the thrust of the first set of ploughing discs.
Patent GB-1037549-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic door opener
IPC: E05F15/04
Filed: 1963-10-04
Abstract: 1,037,549. Hydraulic Door Opening Mechanisms. CROWN INDUSTRIES Inc. Oct. 4, 1963 [Oct. 17, 1962], No. 39203/63. Class E2M. An hydraulically-actuated door operating mechanism comprises a casing 15 (Fig. 1 not shown) of the shape and size of a door frame lintel, a crank-clutch rotatably mounted in said casing and secured to the door to effect swinging movement thereof in response to rotation of said clutch, a cylinder 73 having a piston 74 movable therein, means for displacing said piston relative to said cylinder, means movable mounting said cylinder in said casing, and means such as links 71, 75 for separately and pivotally connecting the cylinder and piston each to said clutch to effect rotation of the clutch in response to piston and cylinder movement. In the Figures, the casing 15 for the mechanism forms a frame for a door together with hollow vertical members, whilst a door opening mat and a door closing safety mat are provided on either side of the door. The mechanism is controlled by pressure of fluid from a sump through a pump. The door is attached to a plate 64 (Fig. 4 not shown) connected to a panic release clutch 66 Fig. 12 which contains three dogs 106 held in position by a spring garter 115 which permits normal manual opening of the door when required, as for example in an emergency. The power piston 74 is connected to a rod 79 and by the link 75 to the clutch. A second link 71 connects the clutch to a block 72 attached to the cylinder 73 and slidably held on a bolt extending from the casing 15 and secured on the cylinder 73 to limit the clutch movement. A control piston 83 is pinned to the rod 79. By a pressure being exerted on the door opening mat, the electrical circuit is completed and fluid is pumped into a control cylinder A causing movement of the piston 74 to the door open position (Fig. 5 not shown). The stopping of this pressure causes a spring 90, which encircles one end of rod 79, and which was compressed as the door opened, to expand and cause the door to close. Chambers B and C containing fluid and interconnected by passages check the movement of the piston. A solenoid is energized by the circuit and prevents the door closing until any pressure is also removed from door closing mat. A time delay may further delay closing. A person standing on the closing mat when a person steps on to the opening mat prevents the door opening mechanism from operating.