Patent EA-004325-B1 (EA)
Title: Ignition system and method of fuel ignition
IPC: F02B23/10
Filed: 1997-09-30
Abstract: 1. Ignition system comprising fuel atomising means for spraying fuel therefrom for introduction into a combustion chamber, electromagnetic radiation generator means, and emitter means connected with said electro-magnetic radiation generator means to emit said electro-magnetic radiation to cause heating, ionisation and combustion of said fuel in the combustion chamber, characterised in that is provided with magnetic field creation means positioned exterior of the combustion chamber in proximity to said fuel atomising means to irradiate fuel by said emitter means in the presence of said at least one magnetic field. 2. Ignition system according to claim 1, characterised in that said magnetic field has strength providing creation of nucleous magnetic resonance of given atoms of said fuel in intended frequency band of said electro magnetic radiation. 3. Ignition system according to claim 1 or 3, characterised in that said that said magnetic field magnetic field creation means comprises at least one magnet. 4. Ignition system according to claim 3, characterised in that said emitter means is provided with at least one magnet. 5. Ignition system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said emitter means is arranged to emit said electro-magnetic radiation into said combustion chamber, said fuel atomising means is arranged to spray said fuel into said combustion chamber, and said magnetic field creation means is arranged to heat, ionise and combust said fuel in said combustion chamber. 6. Ignition system according to claim 5, appended to claims 3 or 4, characterised in that at least one magnet is provided on the casing of said combustion chamber. 7. Ignition system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said combustion chamber contains a reciprocating piston. 8. Ignition system according to claim 7, characterised in that further comprises at least one additional magnetic field creation means, comprising at least one additional magnet provided on a piston head of said reciprocating piston. 9. Ignition system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that pre-combustion chamber means is provided and said emitter means emits said electro-magnetic radiation into said pre-combustion chamber means and said fuel atomising means sprays said fuel into said pre-combustion chamber means such that said fuel is heated and ionised in said pre-combustion chamber means. 10. Ignition system according to any one of claims 3-9, characterised in that at least one magnet is provided on the casing of said pre-combustion chamber. 11. Ignition system according to any one of claims 3-10, characterised in that at least one magnet is a ceramic magnet. 12. Ignition system according to any one of claims 3-11, characterised in that at least one magnet is a magnet base on rare earth metals. 13. Ignition system according to any one of claims 3-12, characterised in that at least one magnet is an electromagnet. 14. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1-13, characterised in that a magnetic flux density created by at least magnet is substantially from 0.05 Tesla to 2.0 Tesla. 15. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generator means generates resonant frequency electro-magnetic radiation for heating and ionisation of said fuel. 16. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generator means generates electro-magnetic radiation whose frequencies are substantially in the range 100 MHz to 100 GHz. 17. Ignition system according to claim 16, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation has a frequency of substantially 1420 MHz. 18. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generator means has an energy output substantially from 200 watts to 10000 watts. 19. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generator means comprises a magnetron or klystron. 20. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generator means is connected directly with said emitter means. 21. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that said emitter means is connected with said electro-magnetic generator means by waveguide means. 22. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that said electro-magnetic radiation generated by said electro-magnetic radiation generator means is emitted by said emitter means in bursts at pre-set times of the combustion cycle of the ignition system. 23. Ignition system according to claim 22, characterised in that timing means is provided and is arranged to generate square gating pulses such that said electro-magnetic radiation is emitted by said emitter means at said pre-set times. 24. Ignition system according to claim 22 or 23, characterised in that a reciprocating piston is provided in said combustion chamber and said pre-set times correspond to predetermined positions of said reciprocating piston. 25. Ignition system according to claim 24, characterised in that said timing means is arranged such that said emitter means emits said electro-magnetic radiation from substantially 18 degree prior to said reciprocating piston reaching top dead centre to prior to, or at, the completion of the downward stroke of said reciprocating piston to enhance substantially complete ionisation of said fuel in said combustion chamber. 26. Ignition system according to any one of claims 93 to 25, characterised in that said pre-combustion chamber means and said combustion chamber are in communication such that said electro-magnetic radiation and said fuel are able to pass from said pre-combustion chamber means to said combustion chamber. 27. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterised in that said fuel atomising means sprays fuel therefrom as a mist or fog of droplets. 28. Ignition system according to claim 27, characterised in that said droplets have a mean value diameter of up to substantially 1000 microns. 29. Ignition system according to claim 28, characterised in that said droplets have a mean value diameter of substantially up to 100 microns. 30. Ignition system according to claim 28 or 29, characterised in that said droplets have a mean value diameter of substantially 1 to 5 microns. 31. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterised in that said fuel is sprayed from said fuel atomising means under elevated pressure. 32. Ignition system according to claim 31, characterised in that fuel injector means is provided such that said fuel is sprayed under elevated pressure. 33. Ignition system according to claim 31, characterised in that pump means is provided such that said fuel is sprayed under elevated pressure. 34. Ignition system according to any one of claims 31 to 33, characterised in that said fuel is sprayed at a pressure substantially in the range from 5 MPa to 25MPa. 35. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterised in that said that said fuel atomising means is adapted to use fuel which comprises water, wherein the water molecules are heated and dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen atoms and the hydrogen atoms are subsequently ionised and combusted. 36. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 35, characterised in that said fuel atomising means is adapted to use fuel which comprises hydrocarbon compounds, wherein the molecules of said hydrocarbon compounds are heated and dissociated into constituent atoms and the hydrogen atoms are subsequently ionised and combusted. 37. Ignition system according to claim 35 or 36, characterised in that said fuel atomising means is adapted to use fuel which includes additives to enhance combustion. 38. Ignition system according to claim 37, characterised in that said additives are selected from the group including hydrocarbon fuels, alcohols, sugars, calcium cyclamate, gases and chemical additives. 39. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterised in that said fuel atomising means is adapted to use fuel which comprises at least one substance capable of ionization and combustion by electro-magnetic radiation. 40. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 39, characterised in that comprises inlet means for intake of air during the respiration cycle of said ignition system. 41. Ignition system according to claim 40, characterised in that said inlet means comprises a one way valve for intake of air. 42. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 41, characterised in that exhaust means is provided for exhaust of combustion products from said combustion chamber. 43. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 42, characterised in that pressure relief means is provided such that if the internal pressure in said combustion chamber exceeds a selected level. 44. Ignition system according to any one of claims 7 to 43, characterised in that a reciprocating piston is provided in said combustion chamber having at least one cavity therein to enhance reflection of said electro-magnetic radiation of said piston in different directions. 45. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 44, characterised in that said fuel atomising means sprays said fuel in a direction substantially at 90 degree angulation through a said magnetic field. 46. Ignition system according to any one of claims 1 to 45, characterised in that said fuel atomising means and said emitter means are arranged such that they are opposed in an offset manner. 47. Ignition system according to claim 46, characterised in that said fuel atomising means and said emitter means are offset by an angle of substantially 90 degree . 48. Ignition system according to any one o