Patent GB-1121664-A (GB)
Title: Sizes and sizing treatments
IPC: D06M15/267
Filed: 1965-10-28
Abstract: A composition which may be used as a finish for yarns comprises an alkali metal and/or ammonium salt of a copolymer of a monovinyl aromatic monomer containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms and 0.67 to 1.0 moles of maleic anhydride per mole of said monomer, copolymerized in the presence of 0.05 to 8.0%, based on the weight of said copolymer, of an unsaturated diester or polyester made from an olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one alcohol which is a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkanol having 6 to 27 carbon atoms. Preferably there is used from 1 to 5 weight per cent of a diester based on the dry weight of said copolymer or cross-linked copolymer, the diester being made by condensing an alkanol having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms with an olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having not more than 6 carbon atoms.  Specific diesters mentioned are distearyl maleate, di-(2ethylhexyl) maleate, dihexyl fumarate and distearyl fumarate.  The alkali metal salt is preferably the sodium salt and the monovinyl aromatic monomer is preferably styrene. In an embodiment a mixed salt is employed, 20 to 80 weight per cent of the cations of which are alkali metal cations and 20 to 80 weight per cent of the cations are ammonium cations.ALSO:In a method for finishing yarn to facilitate its construction into cloth, there is deposited on the yarn 3 to 15 per cent, based on the dry weight of the yarn, of a finish comprised of the alkali metal and/or ammonium salt of a copolymer of a monovinyl aromatic monomer containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms and 0.67 to 1.0 mole of maleic anhydride per mole of said monomer, copolymerized in the presence of 0.05 to 8.0 per cent, based on the weight of said copolymer, of an unsaturated diester or polyester made from an olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one alcohol which is either a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkanol having from 6 to 27 carbon atoms.  Preferably there is used 1 to 5 weight % of a diester based on the dry weight of said copolymer or cross-linked copolymer the diester being made by condensing an alkanol having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms with an olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having not more than 6 carbon atoms.  The above yarn "finish" is water-soluble and may be applied to the yarn as an aqueous solution, preferably a 4 to 8 per cent solids solution having a pH of 6.3 to 6.8.  In an embodiment a mixed salt is employed, 20 to 80 weight per cent of the cations of which are alkali metal cations and 20 to 80 weight per cent of the cations are ammonium cations.  In the examples:- (1) an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of styrene copolymerized with maleic anhydride in the presence of a maleic anhydride/1, 10 decanediol polyester is applied to cotton yarn to a 130 per cent wet pick-up based on the weight of the yarn and the yarn is then heated to 220 DEG  to 230 DEG F. to drive off all moisture; (2) an aqueous solution of the sodium salt as in (1), except that during the copolymerization distearyl fumarate and di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate are present, is applied to cotton yarn and (3) An aqueous solution of a mixed sodium ammonium salt of styrene copolymerized with maleic anhydride in the presence of either distearyl fumarate or distearyl maleate or fumarate together with di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, and cross-linked with the polyester of Example (1) is applied to a cotton yarn or a cotton/polyester blend yarn, the size box temperature being 204 DEG to 200 DEG F.  The size yarn may be woven.  Other yarns mentioned are rayon, rayon-cotton blends, polyethylene glycol terephthalate yarns, polyolefine yarns, nylon and polyacrylonitrile yarns.