Patent GB-652155-A (GB)
Title: High frequency electric discharge device
IPC: B65D88/02
Filed: 1946-11-28
Abstract: 652,155. Travelling-wave tubes. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Nov. 28, 1946, No. 35340. Convention date, Jan. 11. [Class 39 (i)] In a travelling-wave amplifier in which electrons are projected with a suitable velocity so as to interact with travelling waves propagated from an input connection to an output connection, a high-frequency loss is provided in the path of the waves to prevent self-oscillation. The velocities are preferably well within  10 per cent of agreement, but a 25 per cent departure may be permissible. The electric waves are transmitted down a helical coil 10, Fig. 1, and the electron beam is projected from a cathode 6 through an accelerator electrode 8 along the axis of the helix. The waves are introduced into the helix from a coaxial line 2 by coupling strips 12, 19 and abstracted into the coaxial line 4 by coupling strips 13, 20. The strips 12, 13, 19, 20 are each an odd multiple of a quarter-wavelength long, and the degree of coupling may be varied by rotation of the envelope 5. The helix 10 and the coupling arrangements at each end are shielded by members 21-26, the members 24, 25 forming byepass condensers with the coil terminations 14, 15. The members 25, 26 form a cavity resonator acting as a choke for the lead 28 to the coil termination 15. A similar choke may be provided at the input end of the helix 10. In another embodiment, Fig. 2 (not shown) the coaxial lines 2, 4 are replaced by wave-guides. Tapered fins in the waveguides serve to concentrate the field adjacent the coupling strips 12, 13. Extensions of the wave-guides beyond the intersections with the helix are closed by adjustable tuning plungers. In a further embodiment, Fig. 3, the transmission path comprises a helical wave-guide which is continuous with the input and output wave-guides 40, 41,and which has its wall facing the axis of the tube opened to allow interaction with the electron stream. The turns of the helical wave-guide may be in actual contact and the wave-guide constructed by winding a strip inside a cylinder. An additional accelerating electrode 44 is provided. Loss material such as a mixture of ceramic and conducting material is provided as a hollow cylinder 11, Fig. 1, or 43, Fig. 3, tapering in thickness from the centre outwards, or it may be uniformly distributed. The helical coil 10, Fig. 1, may be constructed of high loss material plated with low loss material, or of low material plated with iron or other high loss material. The interior of the helical wave-guide, Fig. 3, may be plated with high loss material. The loss introduced by the material 11, Fig. 1, may be made sufficiently large to absorb completely the input energy, the output energy being entirely generated in the output portion of the helix. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 7, in which an input helix 81 is separated from an aligned output helix 82 by an apertured shield 86. The ends of the helices adjacent the shield 86, are terminated in resistors 83, 84. A focusing magnetic field may be provided by a solenoid or a soft-iron magnetic shield may be used. Specification 652,219. is referred to.