Patent GB-816716-A (GB)
Title: Doppler radar system
IPC: G01S13/60
Filed: 1956-09-11
Abstract: 816,716. Doppler radar. MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE OF H.M. CANADIAN GOVERNMENT. Sept. 11, 1956 [July 4, 1956], No. 27820/56. Class 40 (7). In a Doppler radar the transmitted output from a C.W. R.F. oscillator of frequency F is keyed on and off for substantially equal periods at a frequency f higher than the audio range of frequencies, e.g. 30 kc/s. or higher, and the echo signal which includes frequency components (F  f  d), where d is the Doppler shift frequency heterodyned with a further output from the oscillator, or with a signal derived therefrom, to give a selected frequency component (f + d) or a frequency component derived therefrom. In a first embodiment, Figs. 1, 2 and 6, the frequency of the selected component is made equal to the centre frequency,fc of a discriminator by automatically controlling the keying frequency f in accordance with the output from the discriminator, the value of d being then derived from the known values of f and fc. In a second embodiment, Fig. 5, the keying frequency f is fixed and frequency components (f  d) are heterodyned with a variable frequency f<SP>1</SP> which is automatically controlled by a discriminator so that the resultant difference frequency (f + d - f<SP>1</SP>) is equal to the centre frequency of the discriminator, the value of d being derived from the known values of f, fl and fc. As described, separate transmitting and receiving aerials are employed and the receiver is blocked during the transmission periods, but if receiver blocking is not employed, a filter of suitable characteristic, Fig. 3 (not shown), must be used to suppress direct pick-up from the transmitting aerial. When applied to an airborne system for measuring ground speed two simultaneously or sequentially operative systems may be employed, one directed forward and the other aft, the true ground speed being obtained by averaging the two measurements. First embodiment.-As shown in Fig. 1 an output from the R.F. oscillator 10 (frequency F = 500 Mc/s.) is applied through an amplifier 12 to a transmitting aerial 11 and the echo signal received by an aerial 13 is applied to an amplifier 14, amplifiers 12 and 14 being gated on alternately by push-pull gating pulses derived in a squaring circuit 23 from a calibrated oscillator 22 whose frequency f is adjustable within the range 28-30 kc/s. by means of a servo 20. The output from amplifier 14 includes frequency components (F  f  d) which produce components (f + d) when heterodyned in a mixer 15 with an output from the R.F. oscillator 10 and the component (f + d) is selected by an amplifier 16 (pass band 30.1-30.9 kc/s.) and applied to a frequency discriminator 17, 18, 19 (centre frequency fc = 30.5 kc/s.) whose D.C. output actuates the servo 20 to adjust the frequency f such that (F + d) = 30.5; the value of d is then indicated by the frequency setting of the oscillator 22. Fig. 2 (not shown) illustrates a corresponding system operating at F = 10,000 Mc/s. and f = 9-100 kc/s. in which the gated amplifiers may be replaced by waveguide switches and Fig. 6 (not shown) illustrates a modification of the Fig. 1 system in which the received echo signals are first heterodyned with a signal of frequency F + 30 Mc/s. from an additional oscillator to give I.F. signals (30 Mc/s.  f  d) which are then heterodyned with a 30 Mc/s. signal to give the required component ( f  d), the 30 Mc/s. signal being obtained by mixing the signals of frequency F and (F + 30 Mc/s.). Second embodiment, Fig. 5.-In this embodiment F = 1000 Mc/s. and the transmitter and receiver gates 52, 54 are keyed alternately at a fixed frequency f = 1 Mc/s. determined by a crystal-controlled oscillator 58. The output from the receiver gate 58 is heterodyned in a mixer 55 with an output from the R.F. oscillator 50 giving a component (1 1 Mc/s.  d) which is amplified at 56 and heterodyned in a mixer 61 with a signal from a filter 60 whose frequency f<SP>1</SP> is automatically adjusted so that the frequency of the difference component (1 Mc/s. - f<SP>1</SP> + fd) from the mixer 61 as selected by an amplifier 62 is equal to the centre frequency 51.1 kc/s. of a discriminator 63 to which the difference component, is applied. The signal f<SP>1</SP> is derived in a mixer 57 by heterodyning an output from the 1 Mc/s. oscillator 58 with the output from a calibrated oscillator 59 whose frequency is controlled within the range 49-51 kc/s. by the output from the discriminator 63. The value of d is then indicated by the frequency setting of the oscillator 59.