Patent GB-425980-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to plastic shortening agents
IPC: C11C3/06
Filed: 1933-06-13
Abstract: In a process for the production of plastic shortening, a plastic triglyceride fat is reacted with glycerine in sufficient proportion to make the excess of combined glycerine over that required for triglyceride formation at least ,3 per cent of the weight of the whole shortening, less than that corresponding to the diglyceride, but preferably between ,3--1,5 per cent.  The glycerine may be combined with the triglyceride fat by agitating the mixture at 225--250 DEG  C.  Alternatively, the shortening may be produced by reacting free fatty acids derived from a plastic triglyceride fat with glycerine to produce an excess of combined glycerine within the range specified above.  Plastic triglycerides specified are (a) partially hydrogenated unsaturated vegetable oils such as cottonseed, sesame, peanut, palm or soyabean oils, e.g. cottonseed oil hydrogenated to about 63--80 iodine value; coco-nut oil, palm kernel oil and similar oils derived mainly from lauric acid may be used if blended with other triglycerides so that the shortening as a whole is plastic; (b) partially hydrogenated marine-animal oils such as whale, pilchard or menhaden oils; (c) animal fats such as butter fat, lard or beef or mutton tallow; (d) aqueous triglyceride emulsions such as margarine or butter; and (e) compound shortenings, i.e. shortenings comprising a triglyceride fatty oil plasticized by the addition of a hard fat; fatty oils such as cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, sesame, soyabean, and corn oils may be used as the oily portion and the same oils may be hydrogenated to yield the hard fatty portion.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also states that the superglycerinated fat may be obtained by agitating free fatty acids with glycerine at 175--200 DEG  C.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 413,343, [Group I].ALSO:In a process for the production of plastic shortening, a plastic triglyceride fat is reacted with glycerine in sufficient proportion to make the excess of combined glycerine over that required for triglyceride formation at least ,3 per cent of the weight of the whole shortening, less than that corresponding to the diglyceride but preferably between ,3-1,5 per cent.  The glycerine may be combined with the triglyceride fat by agitating the mixture at 225-250 DEG  C.  If the proportion of glycerine used is more than that required to produce the minimum excess of combined glycerine, the resulting superglycerinated fat may be blended with the triglyceride fat to form a plastic shortening containing an excess of combined glycerine within the range specified above.  Alternatively the shortening may be produced by reacting free fatty acids derived from a plastic triglyceride fat with glycerine to produce an excess of combined glycerine within the range specified above.  Plastic triglycerides specified are (a) partially hydrogenated unsaturated vegetable oils such as cottonseed, sesame, peanut, palm or soyabean oils, e.g. cottonseed oil hydrogenated to about 63-80 iodine value; coco-nut oil, palm kernel oil and similar oils derived mainly from lauric acid may be used if blended with other triglycerides so that the shortening as a whole is plastic (b) partially hydrogenated marine-animal oils such as whale, pilchard or menhaden oils (c) animal fats such as butter fat, lard or beef or mutton tallow (d) aqueous triglyceride emulsions such as margarine or butter and (e) compound shortenings, i.e. shortenings comprising a triglyceride fatty oil plasticized by the addition of a hard fat; fatty oils such as cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, sesame, soyabean, and corn oils may be used as the oily portion and the same oils may be hydrogenated to yield the hard fatty portion.  Small quantities of a soap and/or a free fatty acid, as described in Specification 414,916, [Group VI], may be added to the shortening after the reaction with glycerine. The shortening may be used in the production of sweet baked goods as described in Specification 425,982.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 also describes plastic shortening made by mixing plastic triglycerides and a fat of plastic or liquid consistency comprising mono- and/or di-glycerides so that the excess of combined glycerine present over that required for triglycerides formation is at least ,3 per cent by weight of the whole shortening; numerous examples are given, e.g. shortening is made by mixing 84 per cent cottonseed oil, 12 per cent hydrogenated cottonseed oil of 15 iodine value and 4 per cent monoglyceride of cottonseed oil.  The Specification also states that the superglycerinated fat may be obtained by agitating free fatty acids with glycerine at 175-200 DEG C.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 413,343.