Patent GB-626351-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radar systems
IPC: G01S13/66
Filed: 1946-12-03
Abstract: 626,351. Gun fire-control system. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Dec. 3, 1946, No. 35817. Convention date, April 30, 1941. [Class 92 (ii)] [Also in Groups XXXV, XL (a) and XL (c)] A self-orientating radar system comprises means for radiating four beams of radiofrequency energy symmetrically disposed about a common axis and differently modulated inter se, means for receiving the energy reflected from a target and for extracting the modulation signals and separating them from each other, and means for automatically controlling the direction of radiation of the four beams in dependance on the relative amplitudes of the separated modulation signals. The antenna system may comprise four directive radiators 39 (of which only one is shown on the drawing), which may be arrays or horns, mounted on an arm 43. The field patterns of the radiators extend in four sharply defined lobes symmetrically arranged above and below and to the right and left of the centre line of the system. The arm 43 may be lifted by motor 27 or lowered by motor '29 and limit switches 45 and 47 are provided for searching. The whole of the antenna and elevation control system is mounted on a turntable which may be rotated in azimuth by left orienting motor 7 or right orienting motor 9. An azimuth searching motor 11 is also provided and the rates of elevational and azimuthal sweeps may be arranged that a hemisphere or any desired part thereof can be searched. The four radiators 39 are connected by means of lines L within the supporting shaft 1 and capacitor rings 49 and 51 to transmission lines 53. These lines, Fig. 2, are connected through phasing networks to transmitters 57 and receivers 61. Each transmitter is modulated by a pulse generator 59 at a different rate, these rates may be 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 cycles per second. The outputs of receivers 61 pass through a common amplifier and detector channel 63 and the modulation frequency signals are separated by filters 65. The filter signals are applied in pairs to differential detectors 67 whose outputs are used to control motors 7, 9 and 27, 29 respectively by means of variable reactors 71 and 73. The motor control is so arranged that if echo signals are received the centre line of the antenna system is'automatically directed to the reflecting object. Azimuth and elevation may be indicated on scales attached to the mechanism. If distance is to be indicated a fifth antenna system 81, Fig. 3, directed along the centre line of the system is used connected to a transmitter 85 and receiver 87. Pulse generator 89 which modulates the transmitter is also connected to the horizontal time base generator 91 of cathoderay tube 101. Received echo signals are used to make vertical deflections on this trace at positions indicating the distance to the object. Gun control and object position prediction.- If the system is to be used to control gun fire directed at a moving target, and it is assumed that the range of the target at the time the shell is to explode is fixed, it is necessary to anticipate the position of the object to allow time for the shell to travel thereto. It is assumed that the direction and speed of the object will be the same over this time interval as it was immediately before. The angular prediction is derived from the output of generators 19, 21, 31 and 33, respectively coupled to motors 7, 9, 27 and 29. The outputs of these generators, proportional to the angular rate of change of position, may be applied to unbalance the differential detectors 67 (Fig. 4, not shown), so that the aerial system leads the object. Alternatively they may be used to bias one of the transmitters so that the radiated power of one radiator is greater than that of the diagonally opposite one, this also causes thecentre line of the system to lead the object. For distance prediction, the output of receiver 87 which, if the object is moving towards or away from the system, includes a frequency proportional to the rate of such movement, is fed to discriminator 105 whose output is proportional to that frequency. The outputs from the discriminator 105, the elevation generators 31 and 33, and the azimuth generators 19 and 21 are fed respectively across resistors 93, 95, and 97 in the cathode-ray sweep circuit so that the sweep is modified to cause the object deflections to appear in positions that the objects are predicted to reach a certain time ahead. The cathode-ray tube contains two anode electrodes 107 and 108. The small one 108 is set at gun range and, when the echo deflection of the scanning beam falls on it, a current flows in the circuit attached thereto triggering the gun fire control or alarm circuit. The other electrode 108 is across the whole width of the tube and an echo deflection at any range will cause a current flow in the' associated circuit. This flow is amplified and used to operate a relay 110 which automatically stops the searching motor 11 on receipt of an echo signal.