Patent GB-348040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of agents for use as wetting, cleansin and dispersing agents
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1929-10-25
Abstract: Wetting and dispersing agents are obtained by esterification by means of alcohols or sulphuric esters thereof containing at least six carbon atoms and being free from nitrogen, of aliphatic carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or glycerides, containing less than 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond or hydroxy group in the molecule, before, during, or after their conversion to sulphuric esters by treatment in the usual way with sulphonating agents.  In examples: (1) lactic acid, freed from water, is heated with octodecyl alcohol while passing a current of nitrogen and the resulting ester treated with chlorsulphonic acid in the presence of ether.  Lactic acid may similarly be esterified with benzyl or cyclohexyl alcohol and then sulphonated; (2) hexahydrosalicylic acid is esterified with octodecyl alcohol and the ester is sulphonated with sulphuric acid. The use of halogen carboxylic acids and of tartaric and acrylic acids is referred to, and the following alcohols are also specified: hexyl, octyl and cyclohexyl alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof containing one free hydroxy group, e.g. esters and ethers, and the alcohols obtained by the destructive distillation of paraffin wax, by the reduction of fatty and oily acids, and by splitting fats and waxes containing high molecular alcohols, e.g. spermaceti, beeswax or canauba wax.  Specifications 275,267, 313,160, and 315,832, [all in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 315,832.ALSO:Wetting, cleansing and dispersing agents are obtained by esterification by means of alcohols or sulphuric esters thereof containing at least six carbon atoms and being free from nitrogen, of aliphatic carboxylic acids, their salts, halides or glycerides containing less than 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond or hydroxy group in the molecule, before, during or after their conversion to sulphuric esters by treatment in the usual way with sulphonating agents.  In examples: (1) lactic acid, freed from water is heated with octodecyl alcohol while passing a current of nitrogen and the resulting ester treated with chlorsulphonic acid in the presence of ether.  Lactic acid may similarly be esterified with benzyl or cyclohexyl alcohol and then sulphonated: (2) hexahydrosalicylic acid is esterified with octodecyl alcohol and the ester is sulphonated with sulphuric acid.  The use of halogen carboxylic acids and of tartaric and acrylic acids is referred to, and the following alcohols are also specified: hexyl, octyl and cyclohexyl alcohols, polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof containing one free hydroxy group, e.g. esters and ethers, and the alcohols obtained by the destructive distillation of paraffin wax, by the reduction of fatty and oily acids, and by splitting fats and waxes containing high molecular alcohols, e.g. spermaceti, beeswax or canauba wax.  Specifications 275,267, 313,160, and 315,832, [all in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 315,832.