Patent GB-858495-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to nitrile polymers
IPC: C08F251/00
Filed: 1959-06-04
Abstract: Interpolymers are made by polymerizing a mixture of an unsaturated nitrile conforming to the formula:  <FORM:0858495/IV(a)/1> wherein R represents hydrogen, a halogen, a cyano group, a C1-C6 aliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic group with from 0,05 to 5% by weight of the nitrile of either (A) a compound conforming to the structure:  <FORM:0858495/IV(a)/2> wherein R1 is a C2-C4 alkenyl group with terminal unsaturation, Y is a C10-C1 hydrocarbon group having no olefinic unsaturation, n is a number from 2 to 4 and M is an element of Group IV(a) of the Periodic Table having an atomic weight of at least 28, or (B) a polyalkenyl polyether of a polyhydric alcohol having at least 4 carbon atoms, at least 3 hydroxyl groups and an average of more than one alkenyl group per alcohol molecule.  Compounds of class (A) specified are derivatives of silicon, tin, germanium and lead containing at least two vinyl and/or allyl and/or methallyl groups, with one or two methyl groups present in the case of tri- or di-alkenyl compounds; preferred compounds of this type are tetra-vinyl, -allyl and -methallyl silanes, diallyl divinyl and dimethallyl divinyl silanes, and tetravinyl, tetraallyl and tetramethallyl germane, tin and lead. Compounds of class (B) include the vinyl, allyl, methallyl and crotylpolyethers of butane triols, trihydroxybutyric acid, aldotetroses, ketotetroses, aldopentoses, ketopentoses, aldohexoses, ketohexoses, polysaccharides, reduced forms of the above sugars, and gluconic, glucuronic, galactonic, galacturonic, saccharic, mucic and pectic acids, particularly specified being allyl pentaerythritol and allyl sucrose. Unsaturated nitriles specified are acrylonitrile, methracrylonitrile, chloroacrylonitrile, vinylidene cyanide and alpha-cyanostyrene.  Polymerization may be carried out in bulk, solution or, preferably, aqueous emulsion with the aid of catalysts such as persulphates, which may be used in conjunction with sodium bisulphite, caprylyl, benzoyl, pelargonyl and hydrogen peroxides, cumene hydroperoxide, tert.-butyl diperthalate and perbenzoate, sodium peracetate and percarbonate and azobisisobutyronitrile.ALSO:The Specification discloses compounds of germanium, tin and lead having the general formula:  (Y)4-n-M-(R1)n wherein M represents one of the above mentioned elements, R1 is a C2-C4 alkenyl group with a terminal unsaturation and Y is a C1-C10 hydrocarbon group having no olefinic unsaturation.  Compounds specified are those of the above-mentioned elements substituted by two or more vinyl and/or allyl and/or methallyl groups, with one or two methyl groups present in the case of the tri- and di-alkenyl compounds.ALSO:Paint is removed from surfaces of wood, metal, ceramic and glass by applying thereto a non-aqueous polar solvent thickened with a copolymer of an unsaturated nitrile with either a polyalkenyl derivative of a Group IVA metal or a polyalkenyl polyether (see Group IV(a)), followed by flushing with water. Polar solvents specified are dimethyl formamide, acetamide and sulphoxide, butyrolactone and N-methyl pyrrdidone.