Patent GB-622208-A (GB)
Title: Process for forming water-insoluble layers from colloids on the surfaces of materials and for making dry preparations for use in the said process
IPC: D21H19/12
Filed: 1946-01-08
Abstract: Dry preparations capable of dissolving in water to produce solutions which yield water-insoluble ethers and/or esters when dried on the surfaces of materials are prepared by mixing together in the absence of substantial quantities of water, cellulosic material and a bi- or polyfunctional etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent which does not react substantially with the cellulosic material during storage. An alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate, or other substance which may catalyse the reaction, may be incorporated, and when alkali is utilized two dry preparations may be prepared, one containing the cellulosic material and the etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent, and the other incorporating the alkali and cellulosic material, the preparations being mixed dry or in solution.  The etherifying agents and/or esterifying agents used must have two or more reactive atoms or groups, e.g. reactive halogen atoms or epoxy oxygen atoms, suitable compounds being di- or polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, di- or polyhalogenated ethers, di- or polyhalogenated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof, esters of dihydric or polyhydric alcohols with inorganic acids, and acid chlorides of polybasic carboxylic or sulphonic acids.  Specification 601,374, [Group IV (b)], is referred to.ALSO:Dry preparations capable of dissolving in water to produce solutions which yield water-insoluble ethers and/or esters when dried on the surfaces of materials are prepared by mixing together in the absence of substantial quantities of water starch or a starch derivative, particularly cold - swelling starch, a vegetable gum or an albuminous material, particularly casein, and a bi- or polyfunctional etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent which does not react substantially with the other material during storage.  An alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate, or other substance which may catalyse the reaction, may be incorporated, and when alkali is utilized two dry preparations may be prepared, one containing the starch, gum, or albuminous material and the etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent, and the other containing the material and the alkali, the preparations being mixed dry or in solution.  When cold-swelling starch is employed, the etherifying and/or esterifying agent may be added before or during the production of the cold-swelling starch. The etherifying agents and/or esterifying agents used must have two or more reactive atoms or groups, e.g. reactive halogen atoms or epoxy oxygen atoms, suitable compounds being di- or polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, di- or polyhalogenated ethers, di- or polyhalogenated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof, esters of dihydric or polyhydric alcohols with inorganic acids, and acid chlorides of polybasic carboxylic or sulphonic acids, particular compounds used in examples being sodium trichloracetate, 2 : 2-dichlorodiethyl ether, bis-1 : 4-(chlormethyl)-benzene, and bis-(chlormethyl)-naphthalene. Specification 601,374 is referred to.ALSO:Water-insoluble finishes are applied to textile materials by applying to the material a solution of a colloid containing free hydroxyl groups and capable of swelling or dissolving in water, such as starch or a starch derivative, particularly cold-swelling starch, vegetable gums, albuminous materials and cellulosic materials, the solution also containing a bi- or poly-functional etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent, and, if required, an alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate, in the proportion necessary or desirable for bringing about etherification and/or esterification, drying the solution on the material, and subsequently heating the material.  The etherifying agents and/or esterifying agents used must have two or more reactive atoms or groups, e.g. reactive halogen atoms or epoxy oxygen atoms, suitable compounds being di- or poly-halogenated hydrocarbons, di- or poly-halogenated ethers, di- or poly-halogenated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof, esters of dihydric or polyhydric alcohols with inorganic acids, and acid chlorides of polybasic carboxylic or sulphonic acids, particular compounds used in examples being sodium trichloracetate, 2 : 2-dichlorodiethyl ether, bis-1 : 4-(chlormethyl)-benzene and bis-(chlormethyl)-naphthalene. Specification 601,374, [Group IV (b)], is referred to.ALSO:Dry preparations capable of dissolving in water to produce solutions which yield water-insoluble ethers and/or esters when dried on the surfaces of materials are prepared by mixing together in the absence of substantial quantities of water a colloid containing free hydroxyl groups and capable of swelling or dissolving in water, such as starch or a starch derivative, particularly cold-swelling starch, vegetable gums, albuminous materials and cellulosic materials, and a bi- or poly-functional etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent which does not react substantially with the colloid during storage.  An alkali, e.g. sodium carbonate, or other substance which may catalyse the reaction, may be incorporated.  Water-insoluble layers on materials may be formed by applying to the material a solution of the constituents of the above preparation, drying the solution on the material and subsequently heating.  When alkali is utilised, two dry preparations may be prepared, one containing the colloid and the etherifying agent and/or esterifying agent, and the other incorporating the alkali and colloid, the preparations being mixed dry or in solution.  When cold-swelling starch is employed, the etherifying and/or esterifying agent may be added before or during the production of the cold-swelling starch.  The etherifying agents and/or esterifying agents used must have two or more reactive atoms or groups, e.g. reactive halogen atoms or epoxy oxygen atoms, suitable compounds being di- or poly-halogenated hydrocarbons, di- or poly-halogenated ethers, di- or poly-halogenated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof, esters of dihydric or polyhydric alcohols with inorganic acids, and acid chlorides of polybasic carboxylic or sulphonic acids, particular compounds used in examples being sodium trichloracetate, 2:2-di-chlorodiethyl ether, bis-1 :4-(chlormethyl)-benzene and bis-(chlormethyl)-naphthalene.  The products of the invention can be used for applying washproof finishes to textile fabrics, for sizing paper, as adhesives and as binding agents for all kinds of granular, fibrous or pulverulent materials. Specification 601,374 is referred to.