Patent GB-733783-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous emulsions suitable as metal-working lubricants
IPC: C10M173/00
Filed: 1952-03-26
Abstract: An emulsion suitable for use as a metalworking lubricant contains, dispersed in a continuous water phase, an essentially non-straightchain paraffinic hydrocarbon wax, an emulsifier and an oiliness agent.  The amount of the wax is greater than the sum of the amounts of the emulsifier and oiliness agent.  The wax may contain at least 75 per cent of isoparaffins and may be obtained from a heavy distillate mineral oil fraction or from the residue from the vacuum distillation of a topped crude petroleum oil; oxidized heavy distillate waxes may also be used.  The wax may have a melting point of 40-120 DEG  F. and a molecular weight of 400-1100.  The emulsifiers are preferably anionic surfaceactive agents and may be salts of higher fatty acids, organic sulphonic acids, alkyl phosphoric acids and alkane phosphonic acids; specific examples are the Na, K, Li, Ca, Ba, Sr and Zn salts of palmitic, oleic, stearic, ricinoleic, linoleic and 12-hydroxystearic acids, petroleum sulphonic acids, alkylated naphthalene sulphonic acids, alkylated phenol sulphonic acids, esters of sulphosuccinic acids such as dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate and the salts of monobutylbenzene phosphonic acid.  Oiliness agents used are organic acids, or esters, amides or amine salts thereof; examples are oleic, ricinoleic, 12-hydroxystearic and C12-16 alkyl or alkenyl succinic acids, the monobutyl ester of C12-16 alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid, citric acid, alkyl tartaric acids, C12-16 alkyl succinamide, stearylamide, butylated phthalic acid, naphthenic acid, petroleum sulphonic acid, sulphurized oleic acid, the monododecyl ester of citric acid, 2-ethylhexyl sebacate, sulphurized-phosphorized castor oil, paraffin wax acids and the monobutyl ester of trichloromethane-phosphonic acid and amine salts thereof, such as the di-2-ethylhexylamine salt of the monobutyl ester of trichloromethane phosphonic acid.  The emulsions may also contain minor amounts of metal salicylates, nitrites, chromates, phosphates, fatty oils, e.g. lard, palm and castor oils, and lanolin, amines, e.g. phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, triamylamine and di(2-ethylhexyl)amine or amine soaps, e.g. triamylamine sulphonate and morpholine sulphonate.  Examples are given and are compared with compositions consisting of (a) tallow, sodium soap, free fatty acid and water; (b) paraffin wax, sodium soap and water; and (c) palm oil, soap and water.  Production of waxes.-The hydrocarbon waxes used may be recovered from a crude oil by topping to remove the lighter fractions, subject-to vacuum distillation to remove the distillate lubricating oil fractions containing crystalline paraffin waxes, deasphalting the residue, if necessary, e.g. with propane, and solvent extracting, e.g. with phenol, to produce a waxy raffinate; and dewaxing the raffinate with a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, benzene and toluene.  The crude wax is deoiled by dissolving in a solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone or methyl ethyl ketone, benzene and toluene, and cooling to precipitate higher m.p. waxes; the soft waves are recovered from the solution.