Patent GB-604747-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to echo type radio systems
IPC: G01S13/30
Filed: 1944-02-11
Abstract: 604,747. Radiolocation. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO., Inc. Feb. 11, 1944, No. 2606. Convention date, Feb. 15, 1943. [Classes 40 (vi) and 40 (vii)] An echo type wireless system for identifying, tracking or ranging on an object comprises means for radiating energy periodically modulated by groups of a plurality of impulses and a receiver arrangement employing means responsive to the modulation of the energy for segregating the energy reflected from the object. Parabolic reflectors 35, 47 associated with transmitter 34 and receiver 48 are driven from a motor M, the axes 36, 49 of the reflectors being offset relative to the axes of the driving shafts 37, 51. A control generator 3 feeds sinusoidal current of the desired frequency to a ,square wave generator 4 feeding a pulse generator 5 and a pulse spacer 6 which, as shown in Fig. 2, comprises a delay circuit 21 so that spaced pulses are produced at output of valve 19, and passed to a modulator 32 and wave guides 33. The amount of delay can be varied by a switch 24 in the delay network. The received energy is applied through a wave guide 57 to heterodyning circuits 58, 59 and to a intermediate frequency amplifier and detector 61 which is preferably arranged to be operative solely for short periods following the pulse modulation from the transmitter. The output of detector 61 is fed to a coincidence selector 65 shown in detail in Fig. 3. Impulses from amplifying valve 73 are applied directly to one grid 83, and through a delay network 85 to a second grid 84 of a valve 82. The output from the anodes 92, and 93 of the valve 82 is fed to grids 101, 102 of valves 103, 104 biassed so that an impulse applied to one of the valves produces small change at the condenser 111, whilst the simultaneous application of the delayed first impulse and the non-delayed second impulse of the reflected group produce a relatively large output. A valve 118 is biassed to cut off the smaller impulse and in its output will appear only pulses corresponding to the reflection of the second impulse of the groups of transmitted impulses. This periodic impulse is fed to cathodes 126, 127 of a rectifier 128, the output at plate 129 being connected to an averaging network comprising resistances 132 and condensers 134 and the resultant is fed over line 136 to an automatic volume control circuit 137, Fig. 1, controlling the circuit 61 to maintain approximately constant the average output of the coincidence selector 65. The output over line 133 is applied to phase sensitive amplifiers 139, 141, Fig. 1, which are fed with current at the antenna spin frequency from a two-phase generator 138 adjusted so that current in one winding reaches a peak when the azimuth position is at a minimum and current in the second winding reaches a peak when the elevation position is at a maximum. The phase differences obtained from amplifiers 139, 141 are indicated on cathode ray tubes 145, 146 and can also be utilized to control an automatic tracking device 147 operating servo devices to move the antenna towards the target. Pulses derived from the square wave oscillator 4 and circuit 151 control the oscillations of a range-indicating cathode-ray tube 154. The output of valve 118 of selector 65 is applied over line 165 to the other plates of the oscillograph and to the same plates are applied pulses from phase delay network 161 and pulse generator 162 timed to synchronize with the second impulses of the transmitted group. The range may be computed from the phase shift required to produce coincidence of the spots on the oscillograph 154. In a modified arrangement, Figs. 4, 5 (not shown), each group of modulating impulses comprises three impulses and the circuits of the coincidence selector are extended so that its output is of considerable amplitude solely when the impulses are applied simultaneously corresponding to the application of the third pulse of the group transmitted. In each arrangement the spacing between pulses of the groups can be varied. Specifications 501,996, 579,763, 621,485 and 635,821 are referred to.