Patent GB-1447361-A (GB)
Title: Fluid pressure control devices particularly for antilock vehicle brake systems
IPC: B60T8/94
Filed: 1972-09-18
Abstract: 1447361 Fluid-pressure control devices; antiskid systems MULLABD Ltd 29 Aug 1973 [18 Sept 1972] 43227/72 Heading F2F The invention in its broadest aspect consists of two connected pieces of apparatus 7,  and is shown as applied to a vehicle anti-skid system. The assembly including, and to the left of, parts 15, 16, incorporates a relief port 25 and connection 11 for relieving pressure in a line 10 between a fluid pressure source (as shown, a pedal-operated master cylinder 2), a line 9 and a fluid-operated device (as shown, one or more brakes 8). The assembly to the right of parts 15, 16 is for restoring the pressure line 9, 10 to normal after operation of the relief connection. An unconnected member (as shown, a shaft 35), is located between the two assemblies. The relief port 25 is governed by a solenoid-operated valve, the solenoid being energised to open the valve when, e.g. a wheel slip signal sensed at 4 and electronically processed at 5 indicates that wheel slip has exceeded a chosen value. In operation, when coil 12 is energised, an armature part 17 is drawn to the right against the force of a solenoid spring 20, withdrawing valve member 21 and seal 24 from relief port 25. Subsequent flow from fluid line 10 through a magnetic structure part 15 is restricted by a second flow control orifice 26 in a second fluid flow control member (an armature part 18), and the pressure difference caused by this restriction urges part 18 (and hence part 17) leftwards to tend to close the valve. As the fluid flow is thereby reduced, the pressure difference falls, and the still-energised coil 12 urges armature part 17 rightwards again. In this way, an equilibrium position is attained until coil 12 is de-energised upon reduction of wheel slip below the chosen value. Fluid passing along relief connection 11 is received on the right of a spring-loaded piston 33 in a reservoir 39 (During relief flow, the outward flow through outlet port 38 is prevented as described below). During normal braking, the path from an inlet port 37 is between a sealing-and-balancing member 32, 41, and a first fluid flow control member 27, through a first aperture extending through first member 27, and around the end of member 27 to outlet port 38. During relief flow, when armature part 18 has moved to the left, shaft 35 is free to move to the left, whereupon a spring 34, assisted by relief-flow-operated piston 33, causes member 32, 41, to seat against first member 27, which is connected to part 15a by a flexible diaphragm 28, so flow to brake 8 could only take place via a first flow control orifice 31 and a fluid flow control gap 29, 30 but this gap is also closed by movement of first member 27 leftwards by spring 34 via member 32, 41. When the solenoid is subsequently deenergised, shaft 35 attempts to disengage member 32, 41 from first member 27 by the force of spring 20, but the pressure difference across O-ring 36 maintains contact, so 27 and 32, 41 are moved rightwards together, thus opening gap 29, 30, through which pressure at brake 8 now begins to build up. The pressure difference created by orifice 31 tends to close gap 29, 30. These two influences produce an equilibrium size of gap 29, 30 to give a selected fluid flow rate. To prevent the rising pressure at outlet port 38 from affecting this equilibrium, a piston part 41 is provided to form part of member 32, 41, and an aperture 40 is provided in valve part 32, the functioning of these two related features being described in the specification. Eventually the positions shown on the right of the Figure are re-established, so normal braking resumes. The whole construction is intended to ensure an initial braking-pressure reduction at a very high rate before stabilising at a selected lower rate, and subsequently a selected rate of buildup of braking pressure, both rates being dependent upon wheel-road friction coefficient. The region to the right of piston 33 in reservoir 39 is emptied, following de-energisation of the solenoid, by a scavenging pump 6.