Patent GB-696809-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in object-locating systems
IPC: G01S1/72
Filed: 1943-09-03
Abstract: 696,809. Acoustic directional apparatus. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO., Inc. Sept. 3, 1943 [March 12, 1942]. No. 14457/43. Class 118 (ii) [Also in Group XL(c)] A system for detecting or locating an object .such as a submerged submarine by the reception of compressional waves originating at or reflected from the object, or for detecting or locating an object such as an aircraft in flight by the reception of electro-magnetic waves reflected from the object (see Group XL(c)) includes a device directionally responsive in different directions to different frequencies and means to determine the frequency of the wave and hence its direction. When compressional waves are used both the transmitter (when used) and the receiver are "frequency directional" and the same apparatus may function as transmitter and receiver alternately; when electromagnetic waves are used either the transmitter or the receiver may be " frequency-directional." For compressional wave work the transmitter / receiver may be generally as described in Specification 592,255 which comprises a multiplicity of rows of piezoelectric crystals, the rows being separated from one another by a distance less than half of the minimum wave length to be used and successive rows are shunted across successive shunt arms of a multi-section electrical wave filter which passes the range of frequencies of interest. Such transmitter acts like a prism and spreads the range of frequencies like a spectrum and directs each particular frequency in a distinct direction; similarly the receiver may receive any given frequency from one direction only. Fig. 1 shows three transmitter/receivers 17, 19, 20, of which one is positioned in each side of a vessel and the third beneath the vessel, Figs. 3A and 3B (not shown). The output of one of the receivers is connected by a switch 18 to a filter 149, which excludes extraneous interfering frequencies, and a modulator 26 where it is combined with the output of a variable heterodyne 'oscillator 28 furnishing a heterodyne frequency varied periodically over a range of say 118/124 Kcs. so that any frequency received within the 18/24 Kc. range normally used in subaqueous transmission will produce a beatnote of 100 kcs. which is passed through a filter 32 and rectifier 34 to the control anode 38 of a cathode ray tube 85. The beam is deflected horizontally by a variable voltage from battery 22 through potentiometer 30 which voltage varies periodically with the frequency changes of oscillator 28. A scale 81 against the screen 36 gives the horizontal angle of reception. The receiver 20 beneath the vessel is rotatably mounted and a variable voltage is applied to the vertical deflecting plates of the cathode ray tube from a battery 43 and potentiometer 44 syncronously with the turning movement of receiver 20 so that the vertical angle of reception may be read on a scale 83. A second cathode ray tube may be provided to give a direct reading of distance Fig. 2 (not shown). In Fig. 4 several buoy systems may be installed in narrow channels, harbours etc.; each buoy supports two receivers of which one, 74 is directive in a horizontal plane the other, 72, in a vertical plane. Noise from the propeller of a submarine 70 picked up by one of more of the receivers is converted into low frequency current which is used to modulate carrier radio waves of distinctive frequencies emitted by small radio transmitters 82 and picked up by an attendant vessel 88. A transmitter/ receiver having frequency-directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes may be used, Fig. 5 (not shown).