baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2005075750-A2 (WO)
Title: Renforcement de fondations
Inventor: KIM KWANG-MAN
IPC: E02D27/02
Filed: 2005-02-04
Abstract: L'invention concerne un renforcement de fondations comprenant au moins deux plaques de base en acier agencées verticalement par rapport au sol et se présentant sous forme de plaque dotée d'une découpe au niveau de sa partie supérieure; une plaque d'acier renforcé couplée aux parties supérieures des deux extrémités des plaques de base en acier; des tiges de fixation en acier placées afin de s'étendre dans le sens longitudinal de la plaque de base en acier et couplées à la plaque d'acier renforcée; et une tige de connexion en acier traversant séquentiellement les plaques de base en acier et couplées à celles-ci. Selon l'invention, une charge concentrée importante exercée sur des fondations peut être uniformément répartie et une charge provenant d'un pilier ou d'une colonne installée sur les fondations peut être supportée de manière stable. En outre, l'épaisseur des fondations peut également être réduite par rapport à l'état de la technique et l'excavation peut être peu profonde. En conséquence, il est possible de réduire la durée et le coût de la construction.
Patent WO-2008002077-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédé de correction d'image de billet de banque dans un billet de banque endommagé
Inventor: KANG HYUN-INN
IPC: G06T5/00
Filed: 2007-06-27
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé de correction d'une image de billet de banque dans un billet de banque endommagé. Dans le procédé, l'image du billet est balayée selon des lignes de balayage horizontales à intervalles réguliers pour détecter des coordonnées d'intersections entre les lignes de balayage horizontales et des bords de gauche et de droite de l'image du billet, et des pentes de sections de l'image du billet divisées par les lignes de balayage horizontales sont calculées au moyen des coordonnées d'intersections. Des lignes de balayage horizontales de balayage associées à la pente la plus fréquente sont sélectionnées à partir des pentes calculées. Des lignes de balayage horizontales passant par des sections non endommagées de l'image du billet sont extraites des lignes de balayage horizontales sélectionnées. Une coordonnée de l'axe des abscisses d'un point central des sections non endommagées est calculée au moyen des coordonnées des intersections entre les lignes de balayage horizontales sélectionnées et les bords de gauche et de droite de l'image du billet. L'image du billet est balayée selon des lignes de balayage verticales et les bords supérieur et inférieur de l'image du billet. Une coordonnée de l'axe des ordonnées du point central est calculée au moyen des coordonnées d'intersections détectées pour déterminer une coordonnée du point central. Une angle incliné de l'image du billet est calculé. L'image du billet est entraînée en rotation autour du point central par l'angle incliné calculé en une direction opposée à la direction inclinée de l'image du billet pour obtenir une image de billet corrigée par rotation.
Patent WO-2009084875-A2 (WO)
Title: Composition for preventing and treating metabolic diseases comprising the extract of lysimachiae foenum-graeci herba
Inventor: SEO JONG-BAE
IPC: A61K36/185
Filed: 2008-12-26
Abstract: Disclosed are raw material, functional foods, and herb medicines for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, which comprise a Lysimachiae Foenum-Graeci Herba extract as an effective ingredient. The Lysimachiae Foenum-Graeci Herba extract have an activity of reducing blood glucose levels, triglycerides and cholesterol levels, AST and ALT levels, and fat in the liver, and thus can be effectively used as a hepatic protector and a remedy for preventing and treating various metabolic diseases including diabetes, high blood pressure, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia.
Patent WO-2009104925-A2 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for inter prediction encoding and decoding with image inpainting
Inventor: SOHN YU-MI
IPC: H04N7/32
Filed: 2009-02-20
Abstract: In encoding and decoding a current block based on inter prediction, a method is needed to more accurately inter predict the current block.  The invention is therefore related to a method and apparatus for inter prediction encoding and decoding.  The inter prediction encoding method according to the invention includes searching at least one reference picture using pixels that are included in an encoded region adjacent to the boundary between a current block and a previously encoded region of the current picture so as to carry out image inpainting, and then encoding the current block based on a prediction block that is created as a result of image inpainting.  In this way, a prediction block can be created more accurately, which in turn improves the compression rate of image encoding.
Patent WO-2009148272-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KWON DONG SEUNG
IPC: H04L27/34
Filed: 2009-06-04
Abstract: Dans un procédé de mappage de symbole, des données de transmission sont codées en bits d'informations et bits de redondance émis. Les bits d'informations et les bits de redondance sont mappés à un symbole selon un premier schéma de mappage à une première transmission, et les bits d'informations et les bits de redondance sont mappés à un symbole conformément à un second schéma de mappage à une seconde transmission.
Patent WO-2010013965-A2 (WO)
Title: Cooking appliance
Inventor: KIM YANG-HO
IPC: F24C3/08
Filed: 2009-07-30
Abstract: The embodiment of the present invention proposes a cooking appliance. The cooking appliance comprises a cavity and a burner. A cooking chamber is formed in the cavity and the burner is positoned inside the cavity. A gaseous mixture of gas and air is supplied to the burner and the burner generates flames by burning the gaseous mixture. The burner comprises first and second combustion units with a plurality of flame holes which are connected together.
Patent WO-2010035999-A2 (WO)
Inventor: JUNG HAK GEE
IPC: H01B1/16
Filed: 2009-09-22
Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transparent electrode, including: a polyimide film having an average linear thermal expansion coefficient of 50.0 ppm/℃ or less, which is measured by thermo-mechanical analysis based on a film thickness of 50 ~ 100 ㎛ at a temperature of 50 ~ 250℃, and a yellowness of 15 or less; and an electrode layer including a conductive material and a polyimide resin having an average linear thermal expansion coefficient of 50.0 ppm/℃ or less, which is measured by thermo-mechanical analysis based on a film thickness of 50 ~ 100 ㎛ at a temperature of 50 ~ 250℃, and a yellowness of 15 or less. The transparent electrode is advantageous in that a problem of a short circuit does not occur even when apparatuses including this transparent electrode are over-heated because it has excellent heat resistance, and in that it is transparent and has high electroconductivity.
Patent WO-2010050772-A2 (WO)
Title: Pumping device for liquid storage vessel
Inventor: YOON SUK KWAN
IPC: A45D34/00
Filed: 2009-10-30
Abstract: This invention relates to a pumping device for a liquid storage vessel having a pump head. This device discharges the contents only when the pump head is pushed down. When the pump head rises, a protrusion of a discharge-guiding member deforms a hooking piece, and is directly in contact with the outer circumference of the discharge-guiding member to seal the internal space of the pumping device. In addition, when the pump head is moved up and down, an opening and closing member and an exhaust valve block inflow of outside air and the discharge of contents through the opening and closing of the head valve and the discharge-guiding member if the vessel stands upside down. Thereby, the contents are protected from corrosion, contamination, and deterioration.
Patent WO-2010101378-A2 (WO)
Inventor: RYOU BYUNG HOON
IPC: H01Q5/10
Filed: 2010-03-02
Abstract: 메타머티리얼을 이용한 다중 대역 및 광대역 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 통신장치가 제공된다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 캐리어의 적어도 일부에 형성되는 급전부, 및 상기 캐리어에 형성되고 상기 급전부에 의해 급전되며, CRLH-TL(Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line) 역할을 하는 적어도 하나의 더블네거티브(DNG) 유닛 셀을 포함하는 다중 대역 및 광대역 안테나가 제공된다.
Patent WO-2010101383-A2 (WO)
Title: 네트워크 통신망을 이용한 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 방법, 및 이를 실행하기 위한 프로그램을 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수 있는 기록매체
Inventor: KU YOUNG BAE
IPC: G06Q30/00
Filed: 2010-03-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 네트워크 통신망을 이용한 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 방법에 있어서, 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 서버에 등록된 전자쿠폰 상품을 구매자 단말을 통해서 구매 요청하는 단계와, 상기 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 서버는 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공자를 판매자로 하여, 구매자와 제1 체결번호를 포함한 제1 체결 정보를 생성하는 단계와, 상기 전자쿠폰이 사용된 경우, 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 서버는 전자쿠폰 사용처를 판매자로, 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공자를 구매자로 하여, 제2 체결번호를 포함한 제2 체결 정보를 생성하되, 제2 체결정보에는 제1 체결번호가 포함된 네트워크 통신망을 이용한 전자쿠폰 서비스 제공 방법을 제공한다.
Patent WO-2010147373-A2 (WO)
Inventor: LEE YOUNG-SOO
IPC: D03D1/02
Filed: 2010-06-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 에어백용 원단에 사용 가능한 폴리에스테르 원사에 관한 것으로, 특히, 결정화도가 43% 내지 55%이고, 비결정 배향 지수(Amorphous Orientation Factor; AOF)가 0.2 내지 0.8이고, 장주기가 140 내지 180Å인 에어백용 폴리에스테르 원사 및 그의 제조방법, 이로부터 제조된 에어백용 원단에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 폴리에스테르 원사는 고강력 및 고신율 특성을 확보함에 따라, 에어백용 원단으로 사용시 우수한 수납성, 형태안정성, 및 공기 차단 효과를 제공함과 동시에 승객에게 가해지는 충격을 최소화하여 탑승자를 안전하게 보호할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2011043587-A2 (WO)
Title: Electrode assembly for a battery and method for manufacturing same
Inventor: KIM JOO WAN
IPC: H01M10/38
Filed: 2010-10-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are alternately laminated into a layer in one or two directions with a separator interposed therebetween. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the electrode assembly. The present invention provides an electrode assembly for a battery and a method for manufacturing same, wherein both ends or a lower end of a current collector of the positive electrode plate are exposed to form a stepped portion between the ends of the positive electrode plate and a film layer and thus form a positive electrode plate stepped portion, and an adhesive is applied to the thus-formed positive electrode plate stepped portion such that the positive electrode plate stepped portion is attached to the separator, to thereby prevent an increase in the thickness of a battery and to thus enable easy assembly during the manufacture of the battery. Further, a negative electrode plate stepped portion is also formed in a current collector of the negative electrode plate, thus effectively preventing the thickness of the battery from increasing by accumulated adhesive during the manufacture of the battery. Consequently, the performance of the battery is prevented from being degraded by the application of the adhesive, and wettability with an electrolyte can be maintained.
Patent WO-2011059211-A2 (WO)
Title: 골프 스윙자세 교정장치
Inventor: HONG SANGMAN
Filed: 2010-11-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 골프채의 헤드에 선택적으로 장착 가능하며, 레이저모듈에서 조사되는 레이저광선(laser光線)에 의해 사용자의 스윙이 정확한 궤도를 따라 이루어지고 있는지를 스스로 확인 가능하도록 하는 골프 스윙자세 교정장치에 관한 것이다. 이러한 본 발명에 의한 골프 스윙자세 교정장치는, 레이저가 생성되어 조사되는 레이저모듈(100)과; 상기 레이저모듈(100)을 지지하며, 골프채(퍼터 포함)의 페이스(F)면에 일단이 착탈 가능하게 장착되는 지지수단(200)과; 상기 지지수단(200)의 일단부에 구비되며, 상기 레이저모듈(100)이 착탈 가능하게 고정되는 클램핑수단(300)과; 상기 지지수단(200)의 일단에 구비되어, 상기 지지수단(200)의 일면이 골프채의 페이스(F)면에 밀착되어 고정되도록 하는 밀착부재(400); 등으로 이루어진다. 따라서, 본 발명에 의하면, 사용자가 스윙궤도를 정확하게 인식 가능하므로, 골프 스윙 자세를 스스로 교정 가능하게 되는 이점이 있다.
Patent WO-2011145846-A2 (WO)
Title: Car audio system including an integrated module comprising a tuner unit and an active antenna
Inventor: LEE KYU YOUNG
Filed: 2011-05-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a car audio system including an integrated module comprising a tuner unit and an active antenna. The car audio system to be connected to an antenna for a car to receive a broadcasting signal includes: an integrated antenna/tuner module, in which an active antenna, receiving and amplifying a broadcasting signal, and a tuner unit, selecting a broadcasting signal corresponding to a specific frequency from the received broadcasting signal, are integrated into one module; and a car audio device connected to the integrated antenna/tuner module via a data cable of a predetermined length corresponding to a separation distance that prevents the effects of electric field noise from occurring in a car.
Patent WO-2012060581-A2 (WO)
Title: Method for transreceiving media content and device for transreceiving using same
Inventor: LEE HYEONJAE
IPC: H04N21/44
Filed: 2011-10-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transreceiving media content and a device for transreceiving using same, the method comprising the following steps: configuring the media content into a plurality of representations; dividing the representations into a plurality of segments; aligning subsegments which are included in the segments; and transmitting one of the representations.
Patent WO-2012078001-A2 (WO)
Title: Intra prediction method and encoding apparatus and decoding apparatus using same
Inventor: JEON YONG JOON
IPC: H04N19/593
Filed: 2011-12-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra prediction method and to an apparatus using the same. The intra prediction method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: inducing a current prediction mode as a prediction mode for a current block; constructing peripheral samples of the current block to an available reference sample; filtering the available reference sample; and generating a prediction sample for the current block based on the filtered modified reference sample, wherein the filtering step is performed using the available reference sample located in a prediction direction of the current prediction mode and a predetermined number of available reference samples arranged near said prediction direction of the current prediction mode.
Patent WO-2012091349-A2 (WO)
Title: Système et procédé pour gérer un portefeuille mobile et ses authentifiants associés
Inventor: KWON YONG SUNG
IPC: G06Q20/32
Filed: 2011-12-20
Abstract: La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé permettant de fournir un applet de carte sans contact dans un dispositif mobile avec une application de portefeuille mobile. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste : à activer l'application de portefeuille mobile ; à se connecter à un système de gestionnaire de services de confiance (TSM, Trusted Service Manager) ; à synchroniser l'application de portefeuille mobile par rapport au système TSM ; à afficher un applet de carte sans contact sur la base d'attributs du dispositif mobile ; à recevoir une sélection d'un applet de carte sans contact ; à retrouver un composant d'interface graphique (widget) et un applet de gestion de portefeuille (WMA, Wallet Management Applet) correspondant à l'applet de carte sans contact ; et à fournir l'applet de carte sans contact sélectionné, le composant d'interface graphique et le WMA. La présente invention se rapporte d'autre part à un système de gestion de portefeuille (WMS, Wallet Management System) dans un support de stockage non transitoire. Le système de gestion de portefeuille selon l'invention est apte à stocker et à gérer des informations de compte de portefeuille mobile comprenant un élément de gestion de client de portefeuille, un élément de gestion de composant d'interface graphique, un élément de gestion de profil de dispositif et un moteur de règles.
Patent WO-2013002495-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédé et appareil pour la connexion au serveur au moyen d'une adresse ip de confiance du domaine
Inventor: KIM BYOUNG HOON
IPC: H04L69/40
Filed: 2012-06-01
Abstract: L'invention concerne un appareil conçu pour la connexion à un serveur de mise à jour, comprenant une unité de mise à jour configurée pour une connexion au serveur de mise à jour par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau au moyen d'une adresse de nom de domaine pré-stockée du serveur de mise à jour et une unité d'acquisition d'adresse IP configurée pour acquérir une adresse IP du serveur de mise à jour connecté. L'adresse IP acquise par l'unité d'acquisition d'adresse IP est stockée comme adresse IP de confiance dans une unité de stockage. De plus, l'appareil comprend une unité de traitement de reconnexion configurée pour récupérer l'adresse IP de confiance du serveur de mise à jour et tenter une nouvelle connexion au serveur de mise à jour au moyen de l'adresse IP de confiance en cas d'échec de connexion au serveur de mise à jour au moyen de l'adresse pré-stockée du nom de domaine.
Patent WO-2013015580-A2 (WO)
Title: 물받침이 없는 화분
Inventor: SONG HA GYEEN
IPC: A01G27/04
Filed: 2012-07-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 외관성에 영향을 주지 않고, 화분의 설치 경우 공간의 제약을 받지 않고 벽걸이와 천정걸이와 같이 실내 어느 장소에라도 설치가 가능하며, 물받침대가 없기 때문에 외향적으로 깔끔하고 화분에서 버려지는 물을 재사용하여 물의 낭비를 없애고, 흡수통을 통하여 재흡수되는 물을 사용하여 물을 주는 횟수를 줄이고 가뭄으로부터 식물이 오래 살수 있으며, 수위확인수단을 통해서 화분 내의 수량및 화분흙의 수분상태를 용이하게 확인할 수 있어 화분 관리를 용이하게 할 수 있는 물받침이 없는 화분에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2013036052-A2 (WO)
Title: 염료감응 태양전지용 광전극과 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 염료감응 태양전지
Inventor: KO MIN-JAE
IPC: H01L31/042
Filed: 2012-09-06
Abstract: 본 발명은 염료감응 태양전지용 광전극과 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 염료감응 태양전지에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게는，전도성 기판 위에 나노입자 금속산화물-광감응성 물질-고분자층으로 구성된 다공질막 (나노입자 금속산화물층)을 포함하여 외부 자극에 대한 우수한 내구성과 기계적 강도를 가지며 전기적 특성이 우수한, 염료감응 태양전지용 광전극과 그 제조방법이 제공된다.
Patent WO-2017074146-A2 (WO)
Inventor: CHUN JUNGSEO
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2016-10-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 모바일 결제 기술에 관한 것으로서, 구매자의 신용카드 정보 및 계좌 정보를 사용하지 않고 구매자 단말 및 판매자 단말 간의 결제를 수행하며, 구매자의 모바일 번호, SNS(social network service) ID, ESN(electronic serial number)을 이용하는 부가 정보로써 구매자 단말의 인증과 함께 구매자의 지문을 이용하는 본인 인증을 제공하고, 매 결제마다 구매자 단말에서 생성되는 난수(random number)를 사용함으로써 보안이 보장된 결제를 수행하는 보안 결제 시스템과 그 구동 방법을 제공한다.
Patent WO-2019004713-A2 (WO)
Title: Sustained-release pharmaceutical composition comprising ivabradine and method for producing same
Inventor: DHONG EUL WON
IPC: A61K47/14
Filed: 2018-06-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained-release pharmaceutical composition comprising ivabradine; a combination preparation comprising sustained-release ivabradine and an immediate-release beta-blocker, for the treatment of heart failure and angina pectoris; and a method for producing the same. The combination preparation for the treatment of heart failure, which comprises ivabradine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the sustained-release pharmaceutical composition including at least one selected from fatty acid alcohols and fatty acid esters as a sustained-release base, and further comprising, as a beta-blocker, especially nebivolol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; can improve the compliance of patients in taking the drugs, and the persistence of the efficacy thereof, when taken in once-daily doses. In addition, the combination preparation can, through potentiation of the drugs, treat angina pectoris and heart failure, especially chronic heart failure, by enhancing an antihypertensive action, and thus also enhancing the preventative effects against cardiovascular diseases and increasing therapeutic efficacy; while also increasing the compliance of patients by reducing the side effects of each drug.
Patent WO-2008060130-A2 (WO)
Title: Detergent compositions in the form of microemulsions and use thereof in the treatment of alopecia
Inventor: BEN ALLOUM ABDELKRIM
IPC: A61K8/86
Filed: 2007-11-05
Abstract: The invention relates to detergent compositions in the form of stable, transparent oil-in-water-type microemulsions which are prepared in accordance with the invention and which take the form of a liquid or gel. The aforementioned compositions comprise water, electrolytes, fatty acids, a combination of fatty acid salt type surface-active agents and at least one nonionic surface-active agent, an oil preferably selected from oils containing long-chain triglycerides and, if desired, other auxiliary agents, additives and active principles. Said compositions can be used, in particular, to clean and condition keratinous matter such as hair or skin. The inventive compositions can micro-emulsify sebum on contact. The invention also relates to a cosmetic method for the treatment of androgenic alopecia or the prevention of hair loss.
Patent WO-2013115648-A2 (WO)
Title: Dispositif de chauffage
Inventor: COOL PETER JAN
Filed: 2013-02-04
Abstract: La présente invention a trait à un dispositif permettant de chauffer de l'eau, lequel dispositif comprend un module de chauffage et un échangeur de chaleur connecté à celui-ci, ces derniers étant entourés par un matériau isolant, lequel matériau isolant comprend un matériau central emballé sous vide. Dans le dispositif de chauffage, le module de chauffage et l'échangeur de chaleur sont en outre reçus dans un logement qui est doté d'un certain nombre de parois, le matériau central emballé sous vide étant agencé entre une des parois et le module de chauffage et/ou l'échangeur de chaleur.
Patent WO-2016114662-A2 (WO)
Title: Annexin a2 snp and von willebrand disease
Inventor: VAN HEERDE WAANDER LAURENS
IPC: G01N33/68
Filed: 2016-01-13
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an in vitro method for determining Von Willebrand Disease or an increased risk of developing Von Willebrand Disease. The method involves determining whether a point mutation at a defined position is present or absent in the ANXA2 gene sequence. Also disclosed is a kit for determining Von Willebrand Disease or an increased risk of developing Von Willebrand Disease comprising means for determining the point mutation.
Patent WO-2006014117-A2 (WO)
Title: Oxydant de gaz d'echappement ameliore destine a une combustion interne
Inventor: VILLA EDGAR
Filed: 2005-07-29
Abstract: L'invention concerne un appareil permettant de commander l'émission des gaz d'échappement, conçu pour être connecté à un emplacement approprié sur le système d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant un boîtier permettant de laisser entrer et sortir des gaz d'échappement provenant de la chambre de combustion, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de commande de l'écoulement des gaz et la chambre de réaction des gaz disposés dans le boîtier et des moyens de passage d'air placés dans le boîtier et en communication avec la chambre de réaction des gaz où de l'air atmosphérique peut entrer dans celle-ci, les moyens de commande de l'écoulement des gaz pouvant accélérer la vitesse d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement passant dans celui-ci avant qu'ils n'entrent dans la chambre de réaction des gaz, retirant et piégeant ainsi le carburant non brûlé et des dépôts de carbone dans la chambre de combustion et amenant de l'air atmosphérique dans les moyens de passage d'air en raison d'un vide partiel formé dans les moyens de commande de l'écoulement, des moyens de libération placés dans les moyens de commande de l'écoulement des gaz pouvant laisser passer quelques parties des gaz d'échappement, de manière à minimiser l'accumulation de pression dans ceux-ci, la chambre de réaction des gaz permettant de laisser entrer de l'air atmosphérique provenant des moyens de passage d'air, de manière que la réaction d'oxydation entre les gaz chauds et l'air ait lieu, entraînant la conversion des gaz chauds en gaz respectant l'environnement avant la décharge de ceux-ci dans l'atmosphère, caractérisé en ce qu'un catalyseur est placé dans la chambre de réaction de manière à garantir une oxydation efficace des composants nocifs.
Patent WO-2020022994-A2 (WO)
Title: A package embodiment
Inventor: YALÇIN GENÇAY
IPC: B65D81/00
Filed: 2019-04-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a package (1) for providing collection of wastes of shelled food and for preventing throwing away of said shelled food to environment. As an improvement, the subject matter package (1) comprises at least one tearing line (30) in perforated structure provided at a position close to the middle plane, and at least one first chamber (10) is provided where said shelled food is positioned as said tearing line (30) is torn, and at least one second chamber (20) is provided which provides collection of the wastes.