baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-1061804-B1 (EP)
Inventor: FLINT JERRY L
IPC: A01N57/20
Filed: 1999-03-09
Granted: 2003-05-28
Abstract: Cette invention a trait à des mélanges et pré-mélanges extemporanés d'un herbicide à base de glyphosate et d'un second herbicide auquel est sensible une première espèce tandis qu'une seconde espèce lui résiste. Ces mélanges et pré-mélanges extemporanés permettent de lutter contre des plantes adventices, sensibles au glyphosate, ainsi que contre des espèces végétales spontanées appartenant à la première espèce, dans une culture d'espèces tolérantes au glyphosate appartenant à la seconde espèce et ce, par une seule application d'herbicide.
Patent EP-1066274-B1 (EP)
Inventor: CATINAT JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: C07D303/04
Filed: 1999-03-20
Granted: 2004-09-22
Abstract: Procédé de fabrication d'un oxiranne par réaction entre une oléfine et un composé peroxydé en présence d'un catalyseur à base d'une zéolite et en présence d'un solvant, dans lequel le pH du milieu réactionnel comprenant l'oléfine, le composé peroxydé, le catalyseur, l'oxiranne formé et le solvant est de 4,8 à 6,5.
Patent EP-1073891-B1 (EP)
Inventor: PAIGE LISA A
IPC: C07K4/12
Filed: 1999-03-26
Granted: 2006-08-09
Abstract: The ability of a query compound to modulate the biological activity of a receptor in a multicellular organism is predicted on the basis of its interaction with that receptor in the presence of various member of a panel of BioKeys. The BioKeys are ligands, especially peptides or nucleic acids, known to modify the conformation of the receptor. This interaction data, known as a "fingerprint", is compared to the fingerprints for reference compounds with known biological activities mediated by that receptor. In the "molecular braille" (MB) embodiment of the present invention, the reference and test fingerprints are based on in vitro (cell-free) assays. In the "cellular-braille" (CB) embodiment of the present invention, the reference and test fingerprints are based on cellular assays (but not on assays of whole multicellular organisms, or their organs or tissues).
Patent EP-1068516-B1 (EP)
Inventor: PALLESCHI VINCENZO
IPC: G01N21/71
Filed: 1999-03-18
Granted: 2003-05-21
Abstract: A method based on the LIBS technique is described, which allows to determine, without calibration of the measurement system, the concentration of atomic components in solid, liquid and aerial samples. The method comprises: (a) obtaining the plasma temperature (T) of at least one species of the emitted radiation; (b) determining the partition function U (T) of each species of the emitted radiation at the plasma temperature; (c) calculating the concentration value of each species once deducted an experimental factor (F); (d) calculating the concentration value of each non-individuated species by Saha equation; (e) calculating the concentration of atomic components as sum of the corresponding species concentrations; (f) measurement of the concentration of components by eliminating the experimental factor through normalization.
Patent EP-1071417-B1 (EP)
Inventor: FELDMANN MARC
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1999-04-14
Granted: 2005-02-09
Abstract: The application relates to the identification that cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol can be used to treat inflammatory diseases. Cannabinoids for use in treating inflammatory diseases, methods of treating inflammatory diseases and cannabinoids in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are claimed.
Patent EP-1072125-B1 (EP)
Inventor: BERNHARDI KARL
IPC: H04L12/24
Filed: 1999-04-12
Granted: 2004-03-31
Abstract: Erläutert wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Telekommunikationsnetzes (10). Von einem Bedienrechner (22) aus werden mit den Filterbedingungen einer Wartungsnachricht (WN) zu bearbeitende Anwendungsobjekte (AO1, AO2) in einer Vermittlungsstelle (12) ausgewählt. In der Vermittlungsstelle (12) wählt ein zentrales Schnittstellenprogramm (26) anhand der Filterbedingung in einer Vorauswahl ein Anwendungsprogramm (28, 30) aus Beim Abarbeiten des Anwendungsprogramms (28, 30) werden dann die zu bearbeitenden Anwendungsobjekte (AO1, AO2) ausgewählt und bearbeitet.
Patent EP-1080296-B1 (EP)
Inventor: LOHBECK WILHELMUS CHRISTIANUS
IPC: E21B43/10
Filed: 1999-04-23
Granted: 2003-03-26
Abstract: Selon l'invention, un tubage déformable possède une paroi qui comprend au moins un certain nombre de tubes axiaux, toroïdaux ou hélicoïdaux qui subissent au moins une déformation partielle suite à la déformation du tubage dans un sens radial et/ou axial pour former un revêtement déformable à l'intérieur d'une cavité tubulaire telle qu'un puits de forage souterrain.
Patent EP-1088394-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ERTEN GAMZE
IPC: H03H21/00
Filed: 1999-06-16
Granted: 2004-01-14
Abstract: This invention unifies a set of statistical signal processing, neuromorphic systems, and microelectronic implementation techniques for blind separation and recovery of mixed signals. A set of architectures, frameworks, algorithms, and devices for separating, discriminating, and recovering original signal sources by processing a set of received mixtures and functions of said signals are described. The adaptation inherent in the referenced architectures, frameworks, algorithms, and devices is based on processing of the received, measured, recorded or otherwise stored signals or functions thereof. There are multiple criteria that can be used alone or in conjunction with other criteria for achieving the separation and recovery of the original signal content from the signal mixtures. The composition adopts both discrete-time and continuous-time formulations with a view towards implementations in the digital as well as the analog domains of microelectronic circuits. This invention focuses on the development and formulation of dynamic architectures with adaptive update laws for multi-source blind signal separation/recovery. The system of the invention seeks to permit the adaptive blind separation and recovery of several unknown signals mixed together in changing interference environments with very minimal assumption on the original signals. The system of this invention has practical applications to non-multiplexed media sharing, adaptive interferer rejection, acoustic sensors, acoustic diagnostics, medical diagnostics and instrumentation, speech, voice, language recognition and processing, wired and wireless modulated communication signal receivers, and cellular communications. This invention also introduces a set of update laws and links minimization of mutual information and the information maximization of the output entropy function of a nonlinear neural network, specifically in relation to techniques for blind separation, discrimination and recovery of mixed signals. The system of the invention seeks to permit the adaptive blind separation and recovery of several unknown signals mixed together in changing interference environments with very minimal assumption on the original signals.
Patent EP-1077781-B1 (EP)
Inventor: SCHMIDT OTTO-ALEXANDER
IPC: B22D11/04
Filed: 1999-04-26
Granted: 2002-09-25
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for vibration-exciting a stationary mould for the continuous casting of metals, especially steel. Stands equipped with guide rollers are situated downstream of said mould. Vibration exciters (21) are provided and are situated in at least the head area (12) of the mould (11). The length (LK) of the walls (15, 16) of the mould is greater than the length (LW) of the maintained wave of the vibration. The opening (13) of the mould (11) rests on an abutment (31).
Patent EP-1037862-B1 (EP)
Inventor: KRIJN MARCELLINUS P C M
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 1999-07-07
Granted: 2005-07-13
Abstract: L'invention concerne un substrat comprenant une feuille de verre (1) d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 0,1 mm, la feuille de verre (1) comportant une couche de matière (2) de résine synthétique d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à celle de la feuille de verre (1). Ce substrat s'est révélé flexible. En outre, le substrat craque moins facilement, de sorte qu'on peut le traiter plus facilement.  Le substrat peut s'utiliser, par exemple, dans des dispositifs électroluminescents tels qu'une poly-DEL (diode électroluminescente) ou un PALC (écran à cristaux liquides à plasma).
Patent EP-1102742-B1 (EP)
Inventor: GSCHNEIDNER DAVID
IPC: C07C275/42
Filed: 1999-08-06
Granted: 2006-06-14
Abstract: Compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided. Methods of administration and preparation are provided as well.
Patent EP-1107891-B1 (EP)
Inventor: ALGUEERA GALLEGO JOSE MANUEL
IPC: B60S9/02
Filed: 1999-08-28
Granted: 2005-08-03
Abstract: The invention relates to a support foot, which is equipped with a damping element and which exhibits an improved pivotability. The fixing element which is provided for pivotally fastening to a foot receiving device rests on the damping element or is fastened to the same, whereby the fixing element is held by a bracket which is fastened to the foot plate and which overlaps the fixing element. According to another embodiment, the fixing element is comprised of two vertical plates fastened to the foot plate at a distance from the damping element, whereby each plate comprises a vertically arranged, longitudinal hole or a round hole having a diameter larger than the diameter of the bearing element.
Patent EP-1144875-B1 (EP)
Inventor: NIKLAUS HILMAR
IPC: F16B12/20
Filed: 1999-10-14
Granted: 2002-09-11
Abstract: The invention relates to a detachable assembly of two elements between which at least one shaft is arranged and which is secured on at least one end thereof to a holding fixture that is mounted on one of the elements. The holding fixture can be rotated, in relation to said element, around an axis that runs substantially perpendicular to the shaft. The holding fixture can be held in non-positive fit in each rotational position in relation to the shaft and/or element. The shaft (3) is secured to the holding fixture (1) and can be rotated around a distant axis that is approximately parallel to the axis of the holding fixture (1).
Patent IT-1287080-B1 (IT)
Inventor: PIRON ANDREA
IPC: B65B31/02
Filed: 1996-09-26
Granted: 1998-07-30
Abstract: A packaging device, particularly for foodstuffs or technical materials, comprising a bell-shaped vacuum chamber (3). A single-folded film (7) can be placed in the vacuum chamber and the foodstuff can be inserted from the open longitudinal side (9) of the film. Inside the bell-shaped vacuum chamber (3) there is also provided a first transverse thermal bonding bar (11), which is laterally adjacent to a cutting blade (12), and a second thermal bonding bar (15), both bars being L-shaped. At least one nozzle (18) for introducing gas is furthermore provided so as to face the longitudinal or transverse open side (9) of the single-folded film (7). <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1266324-B1 (IT)
Title: dispositivo convogliatore per pluralita' di articoli.
Inventor: SPATAFORA MARIO
IPC: B65G47/26
Filed: 1993-05-04
Granted: 1996-12-27
Abstract: Dispositivo (1) convogliatore per pluralità di articoli (2), in cui un primo convogliatore (3) alimenta ranghi (9) successivi di articoli (2) ad una stazione (31) di prelievo, nella quale un elemento (24) mobile di trasferimento, provvisto di una fila di dispositivi di presa (26), preleva, uno alla volta, i ranghi (9) e li alimenta su di un secondo convogliatore (17) in corrispondenza di una stazione (32) di scarico, disposta ad un livello diverso da quello della stazione (31) di prelievo, per formare, sul secondo convogliatore (17) stesso, un unica colonna (20) ordinata di uscita; i dispositivi di presa (26) sono controllati da un dispositivo rilevatore (10) delle posizioni degli articoli (2) di ciascun rango (9) per allineare gli articoli (2) di un rango (9) fra loro sull'elemento (24) di trasferimento.(Figura 1)
Patent IT-1265069-B1 (IT)
Title: Bitumens modified with polymer compositions containing polyethylene, (co)polymers of ethylene with propylene and/or polypropylene, which are virgin or recycled after use
Inventor: BELLIO EMANUELE
IPC: C10C/
Filed: 1993-05-18
Granted: 1996-10-30
Abstract: Bitumens modified by polymer compositions containing polyethylene (PE), (co)polymers of ethylene with propylene (EPM or EPDM) and/or amorphous polypropylene (PP) show improved performance with respect to bitumen as such or bitumen modified with conventional polymers and with respect to bitumen modified with PE alone, on account of their special structural and morphological properties.
Patent IT-1264955-B1 (IT)
Title: Azionatore per bruciatore a gas con sicurezza di fiamma ed elettrovalvola di regolazione.
Inventor: TURRIN GIANPIERO
IPC: F23N5/10
Filed: 1993-07-20
Granted: 1996-10-17
Abstract: Azionatore per bruciatore a gas con sicurezza di fiamma ed elettrovalvola di regolazione comprendente una prima valvola di sicurezza comandata da un gruppo magnetico ad armamento manuale, una seconda valvola di regolazione in cascata a detta prima valvola, un condotto di spillamento intermedio a detta prima e seconda valvola per l'alimentazione di un ugello dì fiamma pilota, una termocoppia di rivelazione di fiamma pilota per l'alimentazione di detto gruppo magnetico e mantenimento in apertura di detta prima valvola in presenza di fiamma pilota ed una termopila di alimentazione di un dispositivo elettromagnetico di comando di detta seconda valvola.
Patent IT-1265227-B1 (IT)
Title: Procedure and plant for sealing the mouths of industrial paper sacks
Inventor: MOLINARI RENATO
IPC: B65B/
Filed: 1993-11-26
Granted: 1996-10-31
Abstract: The procedure for sealing the mouths of industrial paper sacks consists in sealing the mouths of the sacks with ultrasound, at the same time removing any residual material from the inside and from the adhesive and activating the latter; the plant for activating this procedure includes means for spreading an adhesive, means for orientating and holding the sack and means for sealing with ultrasound for the simultaneous activation and cleaning of the adhesive by removing any residual filling material from the sack. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1282960-B1 (IT)
Inventor: CUZZATO PAOLO
IPC: B01J38/12
Filed: 1996-05-06
Granted: 1998-04-02
Abstract: Process for the regeneration of a fluorination catalyst based on Cr(III) compounds optionally supported, which comprise   a) treatment at 350 DEG -400 DEG C with an air/inert gas mixture and   b) treatment at 300 DEG C-380 DEG C with a mixture of an inert gas containing from 0.5 to 5% by volume of an aliphatic hydrocarbon C1-C8.
Patent IT-1294320-B1 (IT)
Title: Image scrolling procedure for digital TV broadcast - involves decompressing image stored in compressed format inside memory for display on screen, based on user control command
Inventor: PIRAS ROBERTO
IPC: H04N19/00
Filed: 1997-08-12
Granted: 1999-03-24
Abstract: If size of image received from communication channel is larger than display screen, then image is stored in compressed format in a memory. One portion of compressed image is selected and decompressed and displayed on screen. Based on control command from user, remaining portion of compressed image is selected and decompressed for display.
Patent IT-1311649-B1 (IT)
Inventor: GORZA ROBERTO
IPC: A63C17/06
Filed: 1999-05-13
Granted: 2002-03-14
Abstract: A frame for skates comprising two bases for supporting a shoe and two blades for the axial support of wheels. At least two contact surfaces for mutual adhesive bonding are formed between the bases and the blades and are arranged on different planes.
Patent JP-3026340-B1 (JP)
Title: Ｉｉ―ｖｉ族化合物半導体結晶の成長方法
IPC: C30B23/00
Filed: 1999-05-13
Granted: 2000-03-27
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  昇華法又はハロゲン化学輸送法で種結晶上に 結晶性に優れたＩＩ−ＶＩ族化合物半導体結晶を安定成 長させる方法を提供すること。
【解決手段】  成長室中に原料多結晶と種結晶支持部材 上に保持された種結晶とを対向配置し、前記種結晶上に 昇華法又はハロゲン化学輸送法でＩＩ−ＶＩ族化合物半 導体結晶を成長させる方法において、前記種結晶支持部 材を結晶成長温度において安定で可視光及び／又は赤外 光に対して透明な材料で構成し、かつ前記種結晶支持部 材の少なくとも種結晶と接触する面に結晶成長温度にお いて安定で可視光及び／又は赤外光を透過する材料より なる緩衝膜を形成し、該緩衝膜を介して種結晶を前記種 結晶支持部材上に保持して結晶成長を行うことを特徴と するＩＩ−ＶＩ族化合物半導体結晶の成長方法。
Patent JP-3009648-B1 (JP)
Title: 真空室のガスベントシステム
IPC: B01J3/02
Filed: 1998-09-09
Granted: 2000-02-14
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  真空室のガスベントシステムの提供。
【解決手段】  一つの気体供給端２２、該気体供給端２ ２の後に連接し、気体を伝送し真空室３６に該気体供給 端２２の振動が伝播するのを防止する一つの防振気体伝 送管路２４、該防振気体伝送管路２４の後に連接し、気 体の流量を制御する一つの気体流量レギュレータ２６、 該気体流量レギュレータ２６の後に連接し、第１ニード ル弁を含む一つの第１管路２８ａ、該気体流量レギュレ ータ２６の後に該第１管路２８ａと平行に連接し、第２ ニードル弁と直列制御弁２８ｂ２を含む一つの第２管路 ２８ｂ、第１管路２８ａと第２管路２８ｂの後に連接す る一つの送気管制弁３０、該送気管制弁３０と該真空室 ３６の間に連接する一つのろ過器３２、以上を少なくと も具えてなる真空室のガスベントシステム。
Patent JP-2981554-B1 (JP)
Title: セシウム選択性複合無機イオン交換体及びその製造方法
IPC: B01J39/02
Filed: 1998-09-25
Granted: 1999-11-22
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  ハンドリング性に優れたセシウム選択性複合 無機イオン交換体及びその簡便かつ再現性の良い製造方 法を提供する。
【解決手段】  繊維状リン酸セリウムの組織内にりんモ リブデン酸アンモニウムの微結晶を分散、担持して得ら れるセシウム選択性の極めて高いセシウム選択性複合無 機イオン交換体、及び前記のセシウム選択性複合無機イ オン交換体を製造する方法であって、繊維状リン酸セリ ウムの合成時の同一反応系内でりんモリブデン酸アンモ ニウムを合成することにより繊維状リン酸セリウムの組 織内にりんモリブデン酸アンモニウムを分散、担持する ことを特徴とする製造方法。
Patent JP-3040099-B1 (JP)
Title: 縦型攪拌乾燥装置
IPC: F26B25/04
Filed: 1998-12-08
Granted: 2000-05-08
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  処理物の細分化および粒径の均一化を図るこ とにより、乾燥効率および後工程での処理効率の向上を 図ることができる縦型攪拌乾燥装置を提供する。
【解決手段】  処理物を収容する容器１と、この容器１ 内に乾燥ガスを供給するガス供給手段１１，１２，１３ と、容器１内に縦方向に配設された軸線Ｏ回りに回転可 能なアジテータ１５…とを備えるとともに、容器１内 に、この容器１内に横方向に配設された軸線Ｌ回りに回 転可能なチョッパー１９を設ける。
Patent NO-331307-B1 (NO)
Inventor: MILLER MATTHEW S
IPC: G01N33/50
Filed: 2002-02-15
Abstract: Modafinil is effective in improving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and symptoms of multiple sclerosis fatigue. The administration of modafinil is also shown to activate the tuberomamillary neurons of the posterior hypothalamus, and thus exhibits activity in an area of the brain associated with normal wakefulness functions.
Patent NO-326373-B1 (NO)
Title: Fordelermodul for bruk i telekommunikasjons- og datasystemteknikk
Inventor: KLEIN HARALD
IPC: H01R9/22
Filed: 2002-12-10
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen angår en fordelermodul (1) for anvendelse i telekommunikasjons- og datateknikk, som innbefatter kapsling (3), i hvilken inngangs- og utgangsterminaler (4,5) for forbindelse av linjer er anbrakt slik at de er tilgjengelige fra utsiden. Kapslingen (3) er videre forsynt med en kvalitet i hvilken funksjonelle elementer anbrakt mellom inngangs- og utgangsterminaler (4,5).
Patent NO-331909-B1 (NO)
Inventor: SCHWEFER MEINHARD
IPC: B01J29/76
Filed: 2004-11-08
Abstract: A process for reducing the content of NO<SUB>x </SUB>and N<SUB>2</SUB>O in gases, in particular in process gases and offgases, which comprises the measures: a) addition of at least one nitrogen-containing reducing agent to the NO<SUB>x</SUB>- and N<SUB>2</SUB>O-containing gas in at least the amount required for complete reduction of the NO<SUB>x</SUB>; b) addition of a hydrocarbon, of carbon monoxide, of hydrogen, or of a mixture of one or more of these gases to the NO<SUB>x</SUB>- and N<SUB>2</SUB>O-containing gas for the reduction of the N<SUB>2</SUB>O; and c) introduction of the gas mixture into at least one reaction zone at temperatures of up to 450° C., which contains one or more iron-laden zeolites. The process can be used, in particular, in nitric acid production, for offgases from power stations or for gas turbines.
Patent NO-327665-B1 (NO)
Title: Dampgjennomtrengelig og vanntett sale for sko, spesielt, men ikke for eksklusivt for apne sko slik som sandaler, tresko og tilsvarende, og sko tilveiebrakt med salen
Inventor: MORETTI MARIO POLEGATO
IPC: A43B7/06
Filed: 2006-02-10
Abstract: Dampgjennomtrengelig og vanntett såle for sko, spesielt, men ikke eksklusivt for åpne sko slik som sandaler, tresko eller tilsvarende, omfattende: et nedre element (11, 111, 211, 311) på hvilket en slitesåle (12, 112) er innarbeidet i det nedovervendende området; et nedre element (11, 111, 211, 311) er valgt mellom et element som er dampgjennomtrengelig i det minste i det nedovervendende området og et perforert element; et øvre dampgjennomtrengelig og/eller perforert element (13, 113); en dampgjennomtrengelig og vanntett membran (16, 116, 216, 316), anordnet mellom det nedre elementet (11, 111, 211, 311) og det øvre elementet (13, 113); membranen (16, 116, 216, 316) og det nedre elementet (11, 111, 211, 311) og det øvre elementet (13, 113) er hermetisk koblet i de perimetriske områdene av gjensidig kontakt; og i det minste ett dampgjennomtrengelig komfortlag (14, 114) som utgjør det nedre elementet (11, 111, 211, 311) og/eller det øvre elementet (13, 113) og er laget i et tredimensjonalt stoff, dannende en ventilasjonsåpning (19, 119).
Patent NO-341942-B1 (NO)
Title: Anordning for fototerapi
Inventor: POIRRIER ROBERT
IPC: A61N5/06
Filed: 2006-10-16
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen vedrører en fototerapeutisk fremgangsmåte, som virker på øyne (5) til et individ gjennom lysstrålene (R) av minst én spesifikk bølgelengde, utstrålt av minst én lyskilde (3) stasjonær relativt til hans/hennes hode, som består i: å anordne lyskilden (3) ved periferien til hans/hennes synsfelt som tillater individets normale aktiviteter og i å avbøye nevnte lysstråler (R) inn i et spesifikt område (9) til netthinnen (11), for således å opprettholde synsevnen.
Patent NO-339629-B1 (NO)
Inventor: WITTELER HELMUT
IPC: E21B43/27
Filed: 2007-08-22
Abstract: Methods of increasing permeability in a carbonatic rock formation, the methods comprising: providing an alkanesulfonic acid; and introducing the alkanesulfonic acid into the carbonatic rock formation.
Patent NO-339870-B1 (NO)
Inventor: BECHTOLD BELA
IPC: G01M13/02
Filed: 2008-08-22
Abstract: A method and a device for detecting a pulse-type mechanical effect at a system component, include continuously recording an operating noise in the system component with a sensor disposed at the system component and converting the operating noise with the sensor into a measured signal subjected to a mathematical transformation. A sliding mean is calculated by determining quantiles from determined transformations and an evaluation function, which displays an application of the pulse-type mechanical effect on the system component, is derived from the sliding mean.
Patent NO-335930-B1 (NO)
Inventor: GLEJBØL KRISTIAN
IPC: F16L11/16
Filed: 2014-08-01
Abstract: A flexible armoured pipe, which comprises an inner liner, and an internal pressure armour in the inner liner; which internal pressure armour is built up by the joining together of profiles, which have a number of recesses. <??>According to the invention, the profiles are configured as K-profiles (10,16,17), which have recesses (10a,10b,10c,10d), which are arranged in adjoining surfaces of the profile. When the profiles are brought together, the recesses form a cavity in which a locking element (12,14,18) can be inserted, the function of which is to prevent displacement of the K-profiles at right-angles to the axial direction of the pipe when this is exposed to axial, compressive forces. <??>The locking element can be I-shaped (14), be circular or be configured as a wire (18) with a C-shaped cross-section. The locking element can also be made either of a rigid or an elastic, deformable material. <??>With a C-shaped locking element, the whole of the cavity, which is formed by the recesses, is not filled out. A channel is hereby formed through which undesired fluids can be led away or through which cleaning fluids can be introduced. <IMAGE>