baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-19512128-C5 (DE)
Title: Vorrichtung zum Verstellen der Höhenlage des Geschirrkorbes einer Geschirrspülmaschine
Inventor: GRAUTE BERNHARD
IPC: A47L15/50
Filed: 1995-04-04
Granted: 2005-05-12
Abstract: Vorrichtung
zum Verstellen der Höhenlage
eines aus dem Spülbehälter einer
Geschirrspülmaschine
herausziehbaren Geschirrkorbes, wobei zwischen dem Spülbehälter und
der angrenzenden Seitenwand des Geschirrkorbes ein mit Laufrollen
ausgebildetes und an den Korbstreben vertikal verschiebbar gelagertes Korbstützblech
angeordnet ist, welches über
einen zugeordneten in Verrastungen gehaltenen Verstellhebel in unterschiedlichen
Höhen am
Korb festsetzbar ist, und wobei den Laufrollen der Korbstützbleche
an den zugekehrten Spülbehälterwänden Korbführungsschienen
zugeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Verstellhebel (13)
in einer seitlich an den Streben (19, 20) des Korbs lösbar festgesetzten
Hebelhalterung (14) angelenkt und als Rasthebel mit einem waagerecht
oder wenigstens annähernd
horizontal an der Korblängsseite
(8) ausgerichteten Handgriffteil (15) an einem Hebelende und einer
am anderen Hebelende (16) angeordneten Rastnase (17) oder dergl.
ausgebildet ist, dass die Hebelhalterung (14) mit einem vertikalen
Führungsschlitz
(23) für
das verschiebbare Korbstützblech
(7) ausgebildet ist und dass der Rastnase (17) mehrere Rasten (18)
oder Stützvorsprünge in unterschiedlichen
Höhen am
zugeordneten...
Patent DE-19942109-C5 (DE)
Title: Verfahren zum Herstellen eines blasgeformten Hohlkörpers aus Kunststoff sowie der durch das Verfahren hergestellte Container
Inventor: HOLST DIETER
IPC: B29C49/04
Filed: 1999-09-03
Granted: 2010-07-15
Abstract: Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hohlkörpers aus einem Vorformling in einem Blasformprozess, wobei  (a) ein Kunststoff erweicht und unter einem Druck durch eine Düse (31, 31*) gedrückt wird, aus der der Vorformling (K1) unter Bildung einer Wanddicke stetig entsteht,  (b) beim Entstehen des Vorformlings (K1) periodische Veränderungen der Wanddicke (d 10 ) des Vorformlings gebildet werden, die axial beabstandet sind, und zur Ausbildung von verdickten Ringen (10r, 11r, 12r) im Hohlkörper nach dem Blasformprozess führen,  (b1) wobei zusätzliche Veränderungen der Wanddicke (d 9 ) durch eine vorgeformte Ausbildung (42a, 43a; 33a, 33b) der Düse (31) erfolgen und umfänglich angeordnete, aber axial verlaufende Rippen bilden, die sich entlang des gesamten Vorformlings (K1) erstrecken,  (c) die mehrfache periodische Veränderung der Wanddicke zumindest in einem zentralen Bereich des Vorformlings erfolgt, der dem Bereich (B) einer späteren Schaufläche eines nach dem Blasformprozess entstehenden, blasgeformtem fertigen Hohlkörpers entspricht, auf welche Schaufläche eine Information aufgebracht werden kann,...
Patent DE-102009011006-C5 (DE)
Title: Anordnung zur Klimatisierung einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage
Inventor: NONN HELMUT
IPC: H05K7/20
Filed: 2009-03-02
Granted: 2015-11-26
Abstract: Anordnung zur Klimatisierung einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage (1), die mindestens eine Reihe von Schaltschränken (20) aufweist, in denen Server angeordnet sind, wobei die Reihe von Schaltschränken (20) einen Kaltgang (40) begrenzt, wobei von wenigstens einem Klimagerät (10) Warmluft angesaugt, gekühlt und als Kaltluft wieder ausgeblasen wird, wobei das wenigstens eine Klimagerät (10) in der Reihe der Schaltschränke (20) aufgestellt ist, und wobei die Abmessungen des Klimagerätes (10) und die Abmessungen der Schaltschränke (20) gleich sind oder, bei gleicher Höhe und Tiefe, die Breite des Klimagerätes (10) einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen der Breite eines Schaltschranks (20) entspricht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Klimagerät (10) aus einem Grundmodul und mindestens einem Erweiterungsmodul aufgebaut ist, und dass das mindestens eine Erweiterungsmodul des Klimagerätes (10) mindestens einen Wasserkreislauf mit einem Wärmetauscher (12) und mindestens einen Lüfter (13) aufweist, wobei der Lüfter (13) sowie der Wasserkreislauf für den Wärmetauscher (12) des mindestens einen Erweiterungsmoduls von der Steuerung (18) des Grundmoduls aus steuerbar sind und das Grundmodul dafür entsprechende Schnittstellen zur Anbindung des mindestens einen Erweiterungsmoduls aufweist, wobei das mindestens eine Erweiterungsmodul selbst keine Steuerung aufweist.
Patent RU-2649559-C9 (RU)
Title: Курительное изделие
Inventor: MORALES SANTIAGO
IPC: A24D1/02
Filed: 2012-01-06
Granted: 2018-09-18
Abstract: Изобретение относится к курительному изделию с низкой воспламеняющей способностью, которое включает: штранг курительного материала; внутреннюю обертку, содержащую восстановленный табачный материал, обернутую вокруг курительного материала и имеющую проницаемость от 5 до 50 ед. КОРЕСТА (CU); и наружную обертку, обернутую вокруг курительного материала и внутренней обертки и имеющую проницаемость от 25 до 100 ед. КОРЕСТА. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении низкой воспламеняющей способности. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 5 табл.
Patent RU-2673137-C9 (RU)
Inventor: CAPE SAMUEL M
IPC: B42D25/00
Filed: 2014-03-14
Granted: 2019-04-04
Abstract: Предложена усовершенствованная форма оптического защитного устройства для применения с целью защиты документов и ценных товаров от подделки и для проверки их аутентичности. Устройство согласно изобретению состоит из матрицы фокусирующих элементов пиктограмм, как минимум одного полутонового двухмерного изображения и множества коэкстенсивных контрольных рисунков пиктограмм, содержащихся на/в двухмерном изображении, причем каждый контрольный рисунок отображается на участках полутонового двухмерного изображения, имеющих ряд полутоновых уровней. Устройство обеспечивает повышенные проектные возможности, улучшенное визуальное воздействие и большую устойчивость к производственным отклонениям. 8 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 15 ил.
Patent RU-2647231-C9 (RU)
Inventor: SHARKUS Folker
IPC: B41F31/30
Filed: 2014-07-29
Granted: 2018-11-28
Abstract: Предложена машина для глубокой печати, включающая печатный агрегат, имеющий по отношению к числу l (l∈IN) копий, печатаемых при одном обороте, печатный формный цилиндр удвоенного размера, то есть при l=2, который в положении включенного натиска образует по отношению к числу m (m∈IN) копий, печатаемых при одном обороте, с пресс-цилиндром  удвоенного размера, то есть при m=2, позицию печати. Стирающий цилиндр, в положении включенного натиска взаимодействующий с печатным формным цилиндром, красочный собирательный цилиндр, в положении включенного натиска взаимодействующий с печатным формным цилиндром, и множество шаблонных цилиндров, в положении включенного натиска поочередно взаимодействующих с красочным собирательным цилиндром  по его окружности, каждый из которых выполнен с возможностью наката на них краски посредством по меньшей мере одного красочного аппарата. Причем окружность красочного собирательного цилиндра n-кратна окружности печатного формного цилиндра, причем n (n∈IN) означает целое число более 1. В основу настоящего изобретения была положена задача создать машины для глубокой печати, в частности для печатания ценных бумаг, а также печатную систему, включающую машину для глубокой печати. 2 н. и 21 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.
Patent HU-9300725-D0 (HU)
Title: Inhalator for usage once
Inventor: KALLSTRAND GOERAN
IPC: A61M15/00
Filed: 1991-09-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a disposable breath-actuated inhaler comprising a housing forming an air flow path open at both ends, wherein one end forms an air inlet and one end forms an air outlet. The housing includes a compartment for storing a pharmaceutical powder to be inhaled which is located close to the air inlet and covered by a thin foil which seals the compartment in an airtight way. The foil can be removed from the compartment from outside the housing. Additionally, the housing has a constriction adjacent the powder compartment such that a turbulent air stream will be obtained at the constriction upon inhalation which will lift the powder out from the compartment and mix the powder into the air stream.
Patent HU-9200817-D0 (HU)
Title: Device for locking two coqxial tubes
Inventor: CALMETTES LIONEL
IPC: F16L37/08
Filed: 1991-02-01
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR91/00066 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 26, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 26, 1991 PCT Filed Feb. 1, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/11650 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 8, 1991.Device for locking two coaxial tubes designed to be fitted into each other, comprising a longitudinal tab which is elastically flexible in the radial direction, connected to the outer tube and presenting at least one area capable of coming into axial abutment, once the two tubes have been fitted together, with a shoulder provided in register on the outer face of the inner tube and projecting radially with respect thereto. The wall of the outer tube 2 presents a groove 5, open at the end of the tube, whose lateral edges are parallel to the axis of the tube. The outer face of the inner tube 1 presents two radially projecting guide surfaces, said surfaces being parallel to the axis of the tube and spaced apart from each other by a distance substantially equal to the one separating the lateral edges of &he groove of the outer tube, whilst the free end of the locking tab 7 is located substantially in the transverse plane of the end of the outer tube.
Patent BR-7306767-D0 (BR)
IPC: B28B15/00
Filed: 1973-08-31
Abstract: 1432211 Railway systems SOC ANON DE RECHERCHE ET D'ETUDES TECHNIQUES 24 Aug 1973 [1 Sept 1972] 40188/73 Heading B7L [Also in Divisions B4-B5 F2 and E1-E2] A carriage 157 is mounted on wheels 136, 137 free-running on rails R. The wheel axles 151 are eccentric, and are mounted at their ends 152, 153 for rotation by a toothed disc 154, to vary the height of the carriage 157 above the rails R. A blocking member 158 fixes the disc position. The carriage supports a mould for prestressed concrete members (see Divisions B4-B5).
Patent DK-160788-D0 (DK)
Inventor: CROSS PETER EDWARD
IPC: A61K31/16
Filed: 1988-03-24
Abstract: Compounds of the formula:- <CHEM>  and their salts, wherein each R, which is the same, is -NHSO2(C1-C4 alkyl),-NH2 or -NO2;  X is 0 or a direct link;  R<1> is H, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy or halo;  and n is 1 or 2, with the proviso that when X is 0, n is 2. The compounds of the formula (A) in which each R is -NHSO2(C1-C4 alkyl) are antiarrhythmic agents. The compounds in which R is -NH2 or -NO2 are synthetic intermediates.
Patent DK-233186-D0 (DK)
Inventor: MEUEL THOMAS JOHANNES
IPC: C07D333/32
Filed: 1986-05-20
Abstract: 1. Thiophenone derivatives of the general formula  see diagramm : EP0203495,P4,F1  wherein R is a C1 -C8 -alkoxy carbonyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with C1 -C4 -alkyl group(s), halogen-(C1 -C4 )-alkyl group(s) or halogen atom(s), a benzyloxycarbonyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen atom(s), nitro group(s) or (C1 -C4 )-alkyl group(s), or a p-toluene sulfonyl group.
Patent DK-257887-D0 (DK)
Inventor: ELLIS RONALD W
IPC: C12N15/51
Filed: 1987-05-21
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has been expressed in yeast at levels approaching 30% of the soluble yeast proteins. The expressed 22,000 dalton polypeptide aggregates into 28 nm particles which are morphologically and immunologically indistinguishable from native HBcAg particles. This protein is useful in in vitro diagnostic systems and in vaccines for treatment and prevention of hepatitis B virus-induced diseases and/or infections.
Patent DK-355088-D0 (DK)
Inventor: BHATTACHARYA APURBA
IPC: C07J63/00
Filed: 1988-06-28
Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating a compound of the formula <CHEM>   <CHEM> which comprises reacting the compound with a silylating agent in the presence of a quinone to introduce a DELTA <1> double bond. Novel intermediates are compounds of the formula <CHEM>  wherein:  Q is absent or is <CHEM> where R<4> is methyl, C1-8 straight or branched chain alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, or combinations thereof; and R<1><4> is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 straight or branched chain alkoxy, halo, nitro or cyano.
Patent DK-411488-D0 (DK)
Inventor: AOYAGI SAKAE
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1988-07-22
Abstract: Novel crystalline carbapenem compounds, (1R,5S,6S)-2-substituted thio-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-carbapenem-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. These carbapanem compounds are represented by the following formula having a beta-coordinated methyl group introduced into the 1-position and a (methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazolium-4-yl) methylthio group introduced into the 2-position. <CHEM> They have antibacterial activity, and are used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections as antibacterial agents. A process for producing these crystalline carbapenem compounds is also provided.
Patent DK-490288-D0 (DK)
Inventor: HINDLEY RICHARD MARK
IPC: B01D/
Filed: 1988-09-02
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): <CHEM> or a tautomeric form thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, wherein: A<1> represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclyl group; R<1> represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an aralkyl group, wherein the aryl moiety may be substituted or unsubstituted, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R<2> and R<3> each represent hydrogen, or R<2> and R<3> together represent a bond; A<2> represents a benzene ring having in total up to five substituents; and  n represents an integer in the range of from 2 to 6; pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds and compositions in medicine.
Patent DK-496589-D0 (DK)
Inventor: GRANDINETTI JOHN
IPC: E04C3/08
Filed: 1989-10-06
Abstract: A carcase (1) is firstly manufactured by arranging a plurality of elongate members (4) of a composite material around a plurality of spacer members (2). A plurality of taut wires (5, 5') is subsequently wound around the carcase (1) such that each elongate member (4) is contacted by one of the wires (5, 5') in the plane of each spacer member (2). The wires (5, 5') may be subsequently adhered to the carcase (1), preferably by means of melting a thermoplastics coating of the wires (5, 5') and allowing the coating to set. The beam produced by this method is lightweight and strong.
Patent DK-632588-D0 (DK)
Inventor: KLAR ULRICH
IPC: C07C405/00
Filed: 1988-11-11
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/DE88/00151 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 23, 1988 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 23, 1988 PCT Filed Mar. 11, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO88/07037 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 22, 1988.The invention relates to 6-oxo-prostaglandin E1 derivatives of formula I,   <IMAGE> (I)  in which R1 means the radical COOR2 with R2 meaning a hydrogen atom, C1-C10 alkyl, a C5-C6 cycloalkyl or a C6-C10 aryl group or a heterocyclic radical, or the radical CONHSO2 R5 as C1-10 alkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl or C6-10 aryl, A means an E-configuration CH=CH or a -C=C group, W means a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene group or a free or functionally modified group, and the OH group in each case can be in the alpha or beta position, D means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group with 1-5 C atoms, E means a -C=C group or a C2-C4 alkenylene group, R3 means C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl group or a heterocyclic group, R4 means a free or functionally modified hydroxy group, and if R2 means a hydrogen atom, its salts with physiologically compatible bases as well as alpha, beta or gamma cyclodextrin clathrates of the compounds of formula I, process for their production and their pharmaceutical use.
Patent NO-872929-D0 (NO)
Inventor: BOLLER FRITZ H
IPC: A61K9/50
Filed: 1987-07-14
Abstract: An improved procedure for the preparation of single bilayered liposomes is provided which contain encapsulated biologically active materials. An ethanolic solution of a phospholipid and the biologically active material is injected under pressure into an aqueous electrolyte solution contained in a high speed homogenizer. The liposomes are formed spontaneously.
Patent NO-884045-D0 (NO)
Inventor: MIETH HANS OTTO
IPC: F16K3/24
Filed: 1988-09-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning a valve sealing arrangement under dynamic stress, and an apparatus for carrying out said method, each sealing arrangement sealing two spaces from one another by means of two seals, separated from one another, in a serial arrangement, between or in which spaces there is arranged in a moveable manner a valve part whose jacket surface interacts with the seals and thereby prevents fluids overflowing from one space to the other, an annular space, enclosing the valve part, being provided between the seals, which annular space is bounded on the outside by a housing of the valve and which is connected via at least in each case one connection and one outlet opening to the environment of the valve. The invention ensures, inter alia, that even those critical regions of the slots for the seals which can be accessed only with difficulty are reliably subjected to the cleaning agent. In terms of the method, this is achieved, inter alia, in that the seal which comes into contact with the fluid to be sealed off is supplied with cleaning fluid from the spaces on both sides of the contact surfaces, up to its contact surfaces (provided temporarily at the sealing points) with the valve part on the one hand and the housing on the other hand. The apparatus for carrying out the method is characterised, inter alia, in that each seal (70, 71) is edged in each case on its side facing the space inside the valve housing part (1 or 2) to be sealed by a fluid-permeable boundary wall (41), and in that each of the seals has a limited mobility in the direction of movement of the valve part (4). <IMAGE>
Patent NO-892952-D0 (NO)
Inventor: IWATA MASAYUKI
IPC: C07D401/04
Filed: 1989-07-19
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): <CHEM> (in which: R<1> represents fluorinated methoxy; R<2> represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group and R<3> represents hydrogen or amino) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides and precursors thereof are valuable antibacterial agents, which may be prepared by reacting a compound similar to that of formula (I) but in which R<2> is replaced by a halogen atom with a compound providing the required group R<2>.
Patent NO-894784-D0 (NO)
Inventor: BECK LEE R
IPC: A61K35/54
Filed: 1989-11-30
Abstract: An anti-inflammatory factor can be isolated from milk collected from a milk-producing animal. The factor may be isolated from milk is produced by a milk-producing animal maintained in a hyperimmunized state.
Patent NO-905519-D0 (NO)
Inventor: HARGREAVES RODNEY BRIAN
IPC: C07D403/04
Filed: 1990-12-20
Abstract: This invention concerns novel aminopyrimidinium salts of the formula I:  <IMAGE>  in which R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl; one of R2 and R6 is a basic group selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino of up to eight carbon atoms, pyrrolidino, piperidino and morpholino; and the other of R2 and R6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl-alkyl; or both of R2 and R6 are basic groups as mentioned above; and R5 is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl or (3-6C)alkenyl; or R2 is a basic group as mentioned above, and R5 and R6 together form alkylene or, together with the appendant carbon atoms of the pyrimidine ring, complete a benzene ring; R4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or phenylalkyl; or R4 is an optionally substitutued alkylene or alkenylene linked to the nitrogen atom of the group Q.A.N-, either of which linking groups may thereby completing a ring including two adjacent carbon atoms of Q, the carbon atoms of A and the adjacent nitrogen atom of the group -A.N-; A is a direct bond to the the group -N(R4)- or is alkylene or oxyalkylene; Q is a pyridyl, furyl, thienyl or phenyl moiety; and Y is a physiologically acceptable anion; but excluding a number of compounds specified hereinafter. The invention also includes certain closely related anhydro-base derivatives which, like the formula I compounds, possess beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (and in particular beneficial effects modulated via the sino-atrial node). Also included are pharmaceutical compositions containing the formula I compound (or a related anhydro-base) as active ingredient, and processes for the manufacture of the various novel compounds.
Patent NO-950117-D0 (NO)
Inventor: BRANDHORST GERD
IPC: B65D83/00
Filed: 1995-01-12
Abstract: The device has a ring arranged on the open end of the tubular container (15). A cylindrical housing (1) is provided which encloses the container and has a cap (2) that has an outlet opening (9) and which surrounds and cooperates with the ring to seal the open end of the container. The housing has a piston (3) which slides within it to compress the container as desired.  The ring (17) has an edge part (19) exceeding the size of the housing's (1) internal diameter for placing on a housing-support surface (5) facing the cap (2). One end part (4) of the housing, and a cylindrical end part (7) of the cap interlock, so that the ring's edge part leads from the inner wall of the outer one of the two end parts (4,7). The interlocking end parts of the housing and the cap leave a clearance between their facing surfaces (6,8). The ring has a conical sealing surface (20).
Patent NO-962479-D0 (NO)
Inventor: HESSE ROBERT HENRY
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1996-06-12
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB94/02725 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 31, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 31, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 13, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/16672 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 22, 1995The invention relates to vitamin D amine and amide derivatives of general formula    <IMAGE>  (I)  where R represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic group, or an acyl group comprising an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, arylaliphatic or aryl group linked to the nitrogen atom by way of a carbonyl group; R1 and R2 are each selected from lower alkyl and cycloalkyl groups or together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a lower cycloalkyl group; R3 represents a methyl group having  alpha - or  beta -configuration; Y represents a lower alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene group optionally substituted by a hydroxyl, etherified hydroxyl or esterified hydroxyl group; and A= represents a cyclohexylidene moiety characteristic of the A-ring of a 1  alpha -hydroxylated vitamin D or analogue thereof. Active compounds of the invention exhibit cell modulating activity and in certain cases may also have an effect on calcium metabolism. The compounds of the invention may be prepared by isomerizing a 5,6-trans isomer of formula (I) to a corresponding 5,6-cis isomer; by hydroxylating a 1-unsubstituted-5,6-trans analogue of a compound of formula (I) to prepare a 5,6-trans isomer of formula (I); by reacting a compound containing a precursor for the desired 17-position side chain in one or more stages and with one or more reactants serving to form the desired side chain; or by reacting a compound of formula (I) to modify the substitution pattern about the A= group.
Patent NO-970586-D0 (NO)
Inventor: HSU MICHAEL S
IPC: H01M8/04
Filed: 1997-02-07
Abstract: A turbine power system that includes a compressor for compressing a first medium, and an electrochemical converter in communication with the compressor and adapted to receive the first medium and a second medium. The converter is configured to allow an electrochemical reaction between the first and second mediums, thereby generating electricity and producing exhaust having a selected elevated temperature. The power system further includes a turbine in fluid communication with the electrochemical converter and adapted to receive the converter exhaust, such that the turbine converts the electrochemical converter exhaust into rotary energy and electricity. The system can further include a steam generator and a steam turbine that produces electricity. The electrochemical converter is utilized herein as an electrochemical combustor-replacement (ECCR) or as a fuel cell for combustor-replacement (FCCR).