Patent GB-974532-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to speed change gears
IPC: F16H47/02
Filed: 1962-06-07
Abstract: 974,532. Hydro-mechanical variable speed gear and control. CAMBI IDRAULICI BADALINI S.p.A. June 7, 1962 [June 9, 1961], No. 22041/62. Heading F2D. [Also in Division G3] A road or rail vehicle variable speed gear providing a continuous speed variation over two ranges comprises an hydraulic swash pump having a cylinder block 2 secured to a driving- shaft 1 and a swash plate 4 pivoted on a rotary reaction casing 6 connected, by a shaft 8, to a driven shaft 11 through a two-speed (direct and reduced) gear 10, 12, 13, 14, and one or more swash-plate motors in closed circuit with the pump and having swash-plates 21 with fixed pivots and cylinder blocks 17 also connected to the driven shaft through gears 13-16. With zero motor swash plate inclination the motors are non-torque transmitting and the pump acts as an hydrostatic coupling and drives the driven shaft through the two-speed gear 10, 12, 13, 14, and with increasing motor swash plate inclination the driven shaft is driven, at reducing speed, in parallel, by the motors and, through the two-speed gear, the pump reaction casing. For a first (wide) speed range, and a second (restricted) speed range having a minimum speed approximating that of the first, a clutch sleeve 9 on the shaft 8 is respectively rightwardly and leftwardly moved for direct and reduced drive between the pump reaction casing and the driven shaft. For further torque increase the pump swash plate inclination may be reduced. Valves (Fig. 2) automatically blocking motor input pressure at zero inclination of the motor swash plates each comprise a piston 28/1 one side of which is constantly pressurized through a bore 30/1 and the other side of which is pressurized or exhausted through a bore 32/1 in a cylinder 29/1 by an external control. Stems, such as 27/1, connecting the pistons to the motor swash plates are of different diameter for each motor so that the motor swash plates are controlled successively. When a motor swash plate has zero inclination a cam 34/1 on the piston 28/1 moves a valve 35/1 against a spring 40/1 from a position shown in which a line 37/1 is connected to an exhaust duct 36/1 to one in which it is connected to a pressure duct 38/1. Pressure in the line 37/1 acts on a valve piston 42/1 to cut off a motor input duct 26/1 from the pump delivery duct 23/1. To short-circuit the motors in the event of non-attainment of zero inclination due to constructional errors, a ball valve 44/1 between pump suction and delivery ducts 24/1 and 23/1 opens as the piston 42/1 closes the input duct 26/1. When the valve 42/1 is open ducts 47/1 and 46/1 are out of register and prevent passage of oil from the ducts 24/1 to the ducts 26/1 when, for engine braking, the pressures in the ducts 23/1 and 24/1 are reversed. The inclination of the pump swash plate 4 is controlled by opposing pistons 48, 49 (Fig. 3). During drive conditions the piston 49 is pressurized at 50 so as to tend to push the pump swash-plate to zero inclination. The piston 48, of larger diameter than 49, may be pressurized or exhausted at 51 so as to overcome, or be overcome by, the piston 49. The space 51 is pressurized from a pressure duct 55, or exhausted through a chamber 57, by a piston 60 which is moved, against a spring 62, by pump suction pressure at 61, to actuate a follow-up valve distributer 54 through a lever 59. In the suction circuit, during driving conditions, there is the low pressure of a supplementary filling pump which pressure, by known valves in the non-rotating portion of the circuit, may be adjusted to effect pump swash plate control. On overrun, full braking pressure obtains at 61 and the piston 60 itself bears on, and tilts, the pump swash plate, thereby preventing engine braking at non-reversible ratios. For reverse it may be sufficient merely to reverse the motors by suitably tilting their swash plates 21/1 by delivering pressure oil to chambers 66/1 to leftwardly move the cylinders 29/1. However, e.g. for rail road applications, additionally a reversing idler may be inserted between the gears 10, 12 (Fig. 4, not shown), so that the reversed pump reaction is added to the reversed hydraulic motor torque. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 786,691.