Patent GB-1450563-A (GB)
Title: Shift point stabilizing hydraulic control circuit for automatic transmission
IPC: F16H3/66
Filed: 1973-10-05
Abstract: 1450563 Change speed gear NISSAN JIDOSHA KK 5 Oct 1973 [6 Oct 1972] 46570/73 Heading F2D In an automatic transmission on a motor vehicle, wherein shift valves 45, 46, 47, actuated by opposing governor and throttle pressures, control the supply of hydraulic pressure-fluid engaging ratio establishing clutches and brakes 4 ... 12 and 301, and a first main pressure regulator valve 43 is arranged between a supply pump 41 and loading surfaces of the shift valves, an independently controlled second pressure regulating valve, viz a hysteresis valve 53, is arranged between the first regulator 43 and the shift valves, its regulated hysteresis pressure 197 acting downwards, e.g. at 118, on a differential area of at least one shift valve, e.g. 47, in the downshift position of that valve, being disconnected therefrom in its upshift position, and in addition, the regulating function of the hysteresis valve 53 is terminated in manually selected settings which inhibit shift to the highest ratio, the hysteresis valve then supplying full line pressure to the said differential area. Function summary.-The gear provides three, four (shown) or five forward ratios and one reverse. Automatic shift between all ratios in drive, and between the remaining ratios in manual settings, is by shift valves 45, 46, 47, actuated by opposing fluid pressures responsive respectively to output speed and engine intake depression (TV pressure). Manual settings 3, 2, 1 inhibit upshift beyond the respective setting, but entry thereto is restricted to a safe engine speed. A solenoid valve 49 is energized, not only by full accelerator depression for kickdown shift, but also on accelerator release, to establish, in conjunction with an idle valve 50, fourth ratio at engine idle to eleminate creep, except in manual settings. Hysteresis is controlled by the hysteresis valve 53 which can be calibrated to make shift hysteresis increase, decrease or remain invariable with throttle opening. Individual pressure regulator valves 51, 52, 330 are arranged in the pressure supply to the coasting brakes 9, 10, 301, effective in all manual settings, to establish desired engaging pressures for engine braking. Gear arrangement.-Three identical sun-ring- planet trains (tooth numbers and ratios given) are connected as shown in Fig. 3, the first two 6, 7, being a Simpson set, the third, 8, compounded therewith. A rear (forward) clutch 5 is engaged in all four forward ratios, a low-reverse front clutch 4 for direct drive high and reverse only. In Drive , D, reaction for first, second and third ratios is taken by one-way brakes 13, 14 and 302 respectively, the first directly, the last two through controllable brakes 11, 12. In all the manual settings all the one-way brakes are bridged by controllable two-way (coasting) brakes 9, 10, 301. Fluid pressure supply and regulation.-A single input-driven pump 41 supplies a pressure main 64 leading to a common regulator valve 43, having an exhaust spill-port 70, a torqueconverter feed outlet 72, and loaded as follows. Firstly upwards, for pressure increase, by a spring 66 and by fluid pressure 185, 73, derived through a shuttle valve 57 from throttle (TV) pressure 186 in Drive setting and from line pressure 181 in manual settings 3, 2 and 1; secondly downwards, for pressure decrease, by line pressure 78, 180 acting at 67 in all settings except reverse R, by line pressure 64 acting through a restrictor 178, and by line pressure 184 acting at 69 and supplied by the idle valve 50 to reduce line pressure at engine idle. The individual secondary regulator valves 51, 52, 330 act as described below. Control pressures.-TV pressure 186 is provided by a TV regulator valve 44 loaded through a diaphragm 87 by engine intake depression. Governor pressure.-Basic governor pressure 189 is provided by output-rotated primary and secondary governor valves 59, 60, receiving line pressure 64 through a restrictor 190. Before acting upwards on the shift valves 45 ... 47, basic governor pressure 189 is increased to amplified governor pressure 208 in an amplifier valve 48, which regulates line pressure 64, 126 into the line 208 in accordance with loading by basic governor pressure 189 opposed by a spring 124. Kickdown pressure.-Energizing a solenoid valve 49 by accelerator kickdown switch withdraws a plunger 203 (position shown) exhausting downwardly acting line pressure 64, 205, supplied through a restrictor 156, and permitting a spring 155 to raise the valve-spool and supply line pressure 64, 157, through a line 207 to the idle valve 50, which, at this time of full throttle, is raised by TV pressure 185, thus directing line pressure 207 from the solenoid valve 49 through a line 202 to force down the governor amplifier valve 48, overriding its line pressure regulating function and causing its output 127 to be reduced to basic governor pressure 189, the supply of which to the shift valves 45 ... 47 at 113 &c. increases all the shift speeds, producing downshifts. Idle pressure.-Release of the accelerator also energizes the solenoid valve 49, producing the same effect as kickdown, but at this time minimum TV pressure at 185 permits the idle valve 50 to be spring-moved down (position shown) supplying line pressure 207 from the solenoid valve 49 to a line 184, changing over a shuttle valve 58 and thus substituting full line pressure 184 for governor pressure at 113 &c. in the shift valves 45 ... 47, which enforces upshift of all to fourth ratio, and at the same time reduces main regulator pressure at 69. This creep prevention is eleminated in manual 1, 2 and 3 settings by line pressure 181, supplied through the shuttle valve 57 to port 167 to raise the idle valve 50. Hysteresis pressure is the output 197 of the hysteresis valve 53, which regulates line pressure 64 supplied at 150, in accordance with the pressure-decrease downward load of output pressure 197 acting through a restrictor at 148, and pressure-increase upward load by a spring and TV pressure 185 acting at 153. The action of the hysteresis pressure 197 on the shift valves 45 ... 47 for an automatic shift in Drive, taking the 3-4 shift valve 47 as an example, is as follows. For 3-4 upshift, amplified governor pressure acting upwards at 113, overcomes spring pressure, TV pressure 185 at 116, and hysteresis pressure 197 at 118, upshifts the valve spool, upon which a downward TV load at 117 is substituted for the hysteresis pressure load at 118, and since the latter is always greater than the former, return downshift load is at a lower speed than that of upshift. Further, this speed difference, i.e. the hysteresis, like the hysteresis pressure itself, is TV responsive, and may be caused to increase, decrease or be constant with increase in TV pressure in accordance with the regulating calibration of the hysteresis valve 53, which may be caused to produce hysteresis pressure increasing directly, inversely or constant with throttle opening. Specimen curves are given in Fig. 2, not shown. A similar action occurs in the 2-3 shift valve 46, but not in the 1-2 valve 45, hysteresis in which latter is produced by cut-out of a TV component 93. Manual settings and individual regulator valve action.-In manual 3 setting the manual valve 42 supplies line pressure 77, in addition to the Drive port 78, to a port 79, feeding line pressure at 115 to the 3-4 shift valve 47, and also changing over a shuttle valve 57 to substitute line pressure 79 for TV 186 in the line 185, 195 downwardly loading the 3-4 valve 47 at 116, and to below the hysteresis valve 53, terminating its regulating function and supplying full line pressure through the hysteresis line 197 to the 3-4 valve 47 at 118, which valve is thereby downshifted and maintained so regardless of speed. In its downshifted position the 3-4 valve 47, in addition to supplying line pressure from a line 200 (fed by the upshifted 1-2 and 2-3 valves 45, 46) to the third drive brake 12, also supplies the same pressure through a line 321 to the third speed pressure regulator valve 330. In Drive setting this pressure is blocked at the valve 330 and is thus without effect. In manual 3 setting line pressure 79, 181, 310 acts below the regulator valve 330 and causes it, in conjunction with a restrictor 315, to regulate a pressure supply to the third speed coasting (two-way) brake 301 at a value reduced from line pressure in accordance with the constant spring load 316 of the valve 330. Individual regulating action by the second and first speed pressure regulating valves 52, 51 is similar, as the manual valve ports 80, 81 successively receive line pressure 77 in 2 and 1 settings. For reverse, R, only the manual valve port 76 receives line pressure 77, the first speed pressure regulator valve 51 has no regulating function, but supplies full line pressure 191 to the lowreverse brake 9 and, through the shuttle valve 56 to the rear (direct-reverse) clutch 4, the Drive supply line 201 of which is at this time exhausted through the 3-4 valve 47.