Patent EA-001529-B1 (EA)
Title: "cryoxastalin" material, method of manufacturing and arrangement for carrying out
Inventor: LINHART YURY KARLOVICH
IPC: C03C10/00
Filed: 1999-09-15
Abstract: 1. A decorative and finishing material of increased strength, comprising metal oxides, colorless and/or colored glass, simple or composite silicates, characterized in that the material comprises by weight 50% to 70% of finely dispersed, uniformly distributed by volume powder Al2O3, size of separate particles being less than 0,1 mm and additional ingredients comprising by weight 2% to 5% of chemically inert material, the melting temperature of which is between 350 to 550 degree C, by weight 10% to 20% of crystallizing glass, by weight 3% to 7% of crystallization catalyst, and the remaining - other metal oxides, wherein the internal structure is a complicated composite in which the main structural matrix, comprising Al2O3 and/or other metal oxides is surrounded by crystals of crystallized glass oriented along the surface, the size of separate crystals up to 1,5 mm, which are additionally bonded with each other by chaotically arranged micro crystals up to 0,1 mm in size, wherein easily melted component is uniformly distributed in between chaotically arranged crystals and the main structural matrix. 2. A method of manufacturing decorative and finishing material of increased strength according to claim 1, characterized in that comprises preparing a batch which includes grinding, washing and sieving of initial ingredients, their loading in a heat resistant mould, further thermal treatment by heating to a maximum temperature and subsequent cooling to a room temperature, characterized in that the initial heating is performed at the rate of 5 25 degree C to a T1 temperature, at which the batch is maintained during span of time sufficient to form centers of crystallization uniformly distributed over the batch volume, after which the batch is further heated to a T2 temperature, which corresponds to the logarithm of viscosity, being 4,5-5,5 Ps(s of crystallizing glass, which is a component of the batch, and maintain it during span of time sufficient to full equalizing the temperature over the batch volume, after which a zoned fusing of the batch is performed at a Tmax, which corresponds to the logarithm of viscosity of 1,5-2 Ps(s, by moving the heat resistant mould with a batch to the zone at Tmax temperature, which is perpendicular to the mould movement or by moving the zone at Tmax relative to the mould with the batch, wherein the width of maximum temperature zone is 5 to 20 width of the batch and immediately after which heterogenic directed crystallization is performed at T3 temperature, which is equal to the temperature of maximum rate of crystal growth of the glass being crystallized in the direction of Tmax and T3 zone moving, then it is maintained at a T4 temperature, which corresponds to the temperature of isoviscous crystallization during a span of time sufficient for full realization of heterogenic and homogenic volumetric crystallization of the glass, being the ingredient of the batch, after which it is cooled to the upper T5 temperature of annealing, maintaining at this temperature for a span of time sufficient for relaxation 95% of stresses, then the article is cooled according to the linear law at a rate of V=δ0/0,46 a<2> <0>C/min, where δ0 is a permissible value residual stresses in the article, a is half of the article thickness, to the lower T6 temperature of annealing, at which the article is maintained during a span of time sufficient to full volumetric equalizing of temperature in it, after which the   temperature is reduced at a rate of V=10-15/ a<2> <0>C/min to the room temperature and arising residual temperature stresses are relaxed thanks to forming microfissures in a light-fusing component, and the bending strength of the final product is not less than 50Mpa. 3. A method of manufacturing decorative and finishing material of increased strength according to claim 2, characterized in that T4 and/or T5 temperatures are maintained providing tight contact of the article surface with the high-heat conducting plate having the same temperature. 4. An arrangement for carrying out the method as claimed in claims 2 and 3 for producing a decorative and finishing material according to claim 1, comprising successively arranged modules of heating and cooling of a heat-resistant moulds with a batch in it and provided with mechanisms of transporting the mould from a previous module to a successive and inside the module, characterized in that the heating elements of the first module are located beneath the mould travelling mechanism designed as rollers arranged transversely to the mould travelling direction along its length with a pitch, equal to 1/5 to 1/10 of the mould length enabling the rollers for continuos reversing turn by half of their diameter wherein input and output slit-like windows are equipped with devices providing heat insulation of the module interior from the outside and from the subsequent module and in the heat insulated module dome are arranged through holes, forming outside the module a united device for discharging excess gaseous products from the module interior due to forced evacuation and creation a reduced pressure in the module working interior, and the first module is succeeded by a second module the length of which is 2,2-2,6 of the first module length provided with a mechanism of continuos- periodic translation of the mould with an intermediate product in it and in the dome of which two sections of heating elements are arranged successively separated by a heat-insulating space the width of which is 0,1-0,5 of the mould length, in which magnetrons of micro wave radiation or high-temperature emitters are arranged across the direction of the mould travel, said magnetrons and emitters being actuated when the mould is beneath them, wherein the input and output ports are provided with devices which heat-insulate the module from the preceding and the successive moulds, the last comprises two or more sections with mechanisms of mould translation, each of them being 2,1-2,3 of the mould length, wherein heating tubular elements are arranged on the dome of the first section across the direction of the mould travel and an elliptic reflectors are arranged over the dome perimeter, said reflectors equalizing the article temperature, wherein the section is separated from the successive sections by a transverse heat-insulated screen arranged above the mould surface with a minimum clearance possible permitting a free travel of the mould from the first section to the successive ones, and in the successive one or several sections above the mould surface and beneath it slit heat insulated channels are arranged for the total mould length in the direction of its movement enabling natural or forced cooling air blowing through them, all sections are provided with devices at the inlet and the outlet heat insulating all sections from a preceding module and the ambient space.