baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20200124739-A (KR)
Title: 고강도 강판 및 그 제조 방법
Inventor: KAWASAKI YOSHIYASU
IPC: C22C38/60
Filed: 2019-03-20
Abstract: 강 조직은, 면적률로, 페라이트가 60.0 ％ 이상 90.0 ％ 미만, 미재결정 페라이트가 0 ％ 이상 5.0 ％ 미만, 마텐자이트가 2.0 ％ 이상 25.0 ％ 이하, 탄화물이 0 ％ 이상 5.0 ％ 이하, 베이나이트가 0 ％ 이상 3.0 ％ 이하이고, 체적률로 잔류 오스테나이트가 7.0 ％ 초과이고, 100 ㎛ × 100 ㎛ 의 단면 시야에 있어서, 결정 방위가 상이한 잔류 오스테나이트와 인접하고 있지 않은 잔류 오스테나이트의 개수를 전체 잔류 오스테나이트의 개수로 나눈 값이 0.80 미만이고, 페라이트의 평균 결정 입경이 6.0 ㎛ 이하, 잔류 오스테나이트의 평균 결정 입경이 3.0 ㎛ 이하이고, 잔류 오스테나이트 중의 Mn 의 평균 함유량을 강 중의 Mn 의 평균 함유량으로 나눈 값이 1.50 이상이다.
Patent KR-20210047270-A (KR)
Title: 하이브리드 윈드실드 와이퍼 블레이드
Inventor: ALBERT LEE
IPC: B60S1/38
Filed: 2019-03-07
Abstract: 서로 힌지식으로 연결된 복수의 프레임 구성 요소 및 각각의 프레임 구성 요소에 탄성력을 적용하는 적어도 2개의 조인트 스프링을 포함하는 와이퍼 블레이드로서, 와이퍼 블레이드는 윈드실드 표면의 변화하는 곡률을 수용한다.
Patent KR-20200131881-A (KR)
Title: 네트워킹된 협업 워크스페이스에서 웹 소켓 연결을 통해 파일을 전송하기 위한 방법, 기기, 및 컴퓨터 판독 가능 매체
Inventor: MASI MARCO VALERIO
IPC: G06Q10/10
Filed: 2019-03-13
Abstract: 본 발명은 네트워킹된 협업 워크스페이스 내의 웹 소켓 연결을 통해 파일을 전송하기 위한 시스템, 방법, 및 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체에 관한 것으로, 이는 서버 상에서 호스팅되고 웹 소켓 연결을 통해 참가자에게 액세스 가능한 협업 워크스페이스의 리프리젠테이션을 전송하는 것 - 협업 워크스페이스의 리프리젠테이션은 서버에 연결된 원격 컴퓨팅 장치에 대응하는 원격 참가자 객체를 포함함 -, 원격 참가자 객체에 대응하는 하나 이상의 라이브 폴더를 생성하는 것 - 각각의 라이브 폴더는 원격 참가자 객체에 대응하는 원격 컴퓨팅 장치의 네트워크 주소에 맵핑됨 -, 원격 참가자 객체에 가까운 파일에 대응하는 아이콘을 드래그하라는 사용자 입력을 검출하는 것, 및 원격 참가자 객체에 대응하는 라이브 폴더 내에 적어도 하나의 파일을 저장하여, 이에 의해, 웹 소켓 연결을 통해 적어도 하나의 파일을 원격 컴퓨팅 장치의 네트워크 주소로 전송하는 것을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20200123291-A (KR)
Inventor: MURAOKA KOUJI
IPC: B41M1/40
Filed: 2016-04-28
Abstract: 인쇄하는 화상의 정밀도를 유지하면서, 인쇄 원판에서 인쇄용 블랭킷으로의 잉크의 전사 불량을 억제하는 인쇄용 블랭킷, 인쇄용 블랭킷의 제조 방법 및 인쇄용 블랭킷을 사용한 인쇄 방법을 제공한다.     본 발명에 관련된 인쇄용 블랭킷은, 피인쇄면의 형상에 추종하여 변형되는 탄성체를 구비한다.     탄성체는, 피인쇄면에 가압되는 인쇄면을 구비한다.     인쇄면은, 전역에 복수의 요철 형상이 형성되고, 상기 요철 형상의 가장 높은 부분과 가장 낮은 부분의 높낮이차가 2 ㎛ 이상 20 ㎛ 이하이다.
Patent KR-20210018235-A (KR)
Title: 일체화 성형체 및 그의 제조 방법
Inventor: TAKAHASHI YUKI
IPC: B29C45/00
Filed: 2019-05-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 편측 표면이 의장면인 판재(A)(2)와, 수지 부재(B)(3) 사이에, 불연속 탄소 섬유와 열가소성 수지를 포함하는 접합 수지 부재(C)(4)가 개재된 일체화 성형체(1)로서, 상기 수지 부재(B)(3)가 상기 접합 수지 부재(C)(4)와 접합하는 제1 접합부(5)와, 상기 판재(A)(2)의 외주연부의 적어도 일부의 영역이 상기 접합 수지 부재(C)(4)와 접합하는 제2 접합부(6)를 갖는 일체화 성형체(1), 및 그의 제조 방법이다.  본 발명에 의해 복수의 구조체가 높은 접합 강도로 접합되고, 그의 접합 경계부가 양호한 평활성을 갖고, 성형체가 판재의 구성 부재를 가지더라도 휨 저감이 도모되고, 경량·박육화를 실현할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20210032308-A (KR)
Title: 섬유 강화 폴리머 알로이 기재 및 그것을 사용한 성형품
Inventor: KOSHI MASAYUKI
IPC: C08L81/02
Filed: 2019-07-09
Abstract: 연속된 강화 섬유가 평행하게 정렬됨과 함께, 폴리머 알로이가 함침된 섬유 강화 폴리머 알로이 기재이며, 상기 폴리머 알로이가 2종류 이상의 열가소성 수지를 조합한 폴리머 알로이를 사용하고, 섬유 체적 함유율이 40 내지 70체적％의 범위 내에 있고, 또한 섬유의 분산 파라미터 D가 90％ 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 섬유 강화 폴리머 알로이 기재.  강화 섬유가 높은 균일성을 갖고 분산되고, 높은 기계 특성과 내열성을 가지며, 또한 그것이 작은 변동을 갖고 안정적으로 발현되는 섬유 강화 폴리머 알로이 기재가 얻어진다.
Patent KR-20210024486-A (KR)
Title: 방사선 경화성 조성물
Inventor: CAPPELLE STEVEN
IPC: C08G18/40
Filed: 2019-07-02
Abstract: 본 발명은, 
10 내지 80 mg KOH/g 의 히드록실 가를 가지며, 
하기 반응 a 또는 b: 
  a. 적어도 하나의 (메트)아크릴레이트 기 및 하나의 카르복실산 관능기를 포함하는 (메트)아크릴레이트 화합물 (A11b) 와 적어도 하나의 디에폭시 관능성 화합물 (A11a) 의 반응, 또는 
  b. 2 개의 카르복실산 기를 포함하는 카르복실산 관능성 화합물 (A12a) 와 하나의 글리시딜 기 및 적어도 하나의 (메트)아크릴레이트 기를 포함하는 에폭시 (메트)아크릴레이트 화합물 (A12b) 의 반응 
로부터 수득되는 히드록실 관능성 (메트)아크릴레이트 화합물 (A1) 과 
디이소시아네이트 관능성 화합물 (A3), 
및 임의로는 2 개의 히드록실 기를 포함하는 화합물 (A1) 과 상이한 화합물 (A2) 의 반응 생성물인, 히드록실 관능성 우레탄 (메트)아크릴레이트 화합물 (A) 를 포함하는 방사선 경화성 조성물을 제공한다. 
상기 조성물은 예를 들어 이중 경화성 조성물 또는 두꺼운 착색 시스템에 유용하다.
Patent KR-20210016419-A (KR)
Title: 카티온 경화성 조성물, 및 경화물의 제조 방법
Inventor: KAMIYA KAZUNOBU
IPC: C08G59/70
Filed: 2019-06-07
Abstract: 광 조사에 의해 실란올기를 생성하고, 열에 의해 경화시키는 카티온 경화성 조성물로서, 카티온 경화 성분과 알루미늄 킬레이트를 유지하는 다공질 입자와, 광 분해에 의해 실란올기를 생성하는 광 분해성 규소 화합물을 함유하는 카티온 경화성 조성물이다.
Patent KR-20220098458-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUNG HYUNSOO
IPC: H01L23/525
Filed: 2021-01-04
Abstract: A semiconductor package according to the present invention comprises a semiconductor chip and a redistribution layer formed on one surface of the semiconductor chip. The semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor substrate, a passivation layer between the semiconductor substrate and the redistribution layer, a first power pad, a second power pad, and a signal pad exposed from the passivation layer. The redistribution layer includes a photosensitive dielectric layer, and first to third redistribution patterns and a high dielectric pattern which are provided in the photosensitive dielectric layer. The first, second, and third redistribution patterns are respectively connected to the first power, second power, and signal pads. The high dielectric pattern is provided between the first and second redistribution patterns. The photosensitive dielectric layer includes a first insulating material. The high dielectric pattern includes a second insulating material. The second insulating material has a dielectric constant greater than the dielectric constant of the first insulating material. The high dielectric pattern is in contact with the passivation layer. The passivation layer includes an insulating material different from the first and second insulating materials. According to the present invention, the reliability of the semiconductor package can be increased.
Patent KR-20220098903-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HWA SOO
IPC: B43K23/12
Filed: 2021-01-05
Abstract: A wooden writing instrument is disclosed. The wooden writing instrument according to the present invention comprises: a lower barrel portion made of a wooden material; an upper barrel portion that is made of a wooden material and detachably coupled to the lower barrel portion; a clip portion coupled to the upper barrel portion; and a wooden cap portion that is connected to the upper barrel portion, disposed in an upper part of the upper barrel portion, and integrally formed therewith.
Patent KR-20220102720-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM JOONGBIN
IPC: G06N3/08
Filed: 2021-01-14
Abstract: Disclosed are a site index estimation device using the artificial intelligence technology and a method thereof. According to the present invention, the site index estimation device comprises: a storage unit storing factors on land location, topography, and climate of a first region and a second region near the first region; and a control unit generating a forest location factor library by coordinate for target tree types of the second region by using factors of the second region stored in the storage unit, calculating the site index of the target tree type by using the forest location survey information generated based on a local survey, generating a training model with the artificial intelligence technology grafted based on the forest location factor library and the site index, and reflecting the factors of the first region and the second region stored in the storage unit in the generated training model, and estimating the site index of the first region. The present invention aims to provide a site index estimation device using the artificial intelligence technology and a method thereof, which are capable of estimating a site index of a region which is hard to approach or cannot be approached.
Patent KR-20210014184-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DUCK HUN
IPC: G02B27/00
Filed: 2021-01-28
Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a lens module comprising: a plurality of lenses disposed along an optical axis; a lens barrel accommodating the plurality of lenses; and a spacer disposed between two adjacent lenses among the plurality of lenses. The spacer is provided with a light blocking hole configured to pass light, and a wall surface forming the light blocking hole may include a plurality of curved surfaces. The lens module may prevent light incident through the plurality of lenses from being reflected by a spacer disposed between the plurality of lenses to cause a flare phenomenon.
Patent KR-20210014719-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG JI YEON
IPC: G09G3/3291
Filed: 2021-01-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence display device capable of improving image quality. The organic electroluminescence display device of the present invention comprises: a pixel unit including sub-pixels; a scan driving unit for driving scan lines connected to the sub-pixels on the basis of a line unit; a data driving unit for driving data lines positioned in a direction crossing the scan lines; and a data processing unit for generating second data by using first data supplied from the outside, wherein the data processing unit changes a gray scale of the first data supplied to the sub-pixels positioned at an edge of the pixel unit to generate the second data.
Patent KR-20220111095-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG TAEYOUNG
IPC: C08K5/00
Filed: 2021-02-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vinyl chloride resin composition for wallpaper, which has low viscosity and excellent processability while having excellent eco-friendliness, migration resistance and flame retardancy. The vinyl chloride resin composition for the wallpaper contains, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin, 40 to 90 parts by weight of di(2-ethylhexyl)cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate, 5 to 30 parts by weight of a phosphate plasticizer, 5 to 30 parts by weight of an alkyl benzoate plasticizer and 20 to 90 parts by weight of an antimony-based flame retardant.
Patent KR-20220117983-A (KR)
Title: rank type smoking booth
Inventor: LEE KI SU
IPC: E04B1/343
Filed: 2021-02-18
Abstract: According to the present invention, provided is a rank type private smoking booth, comprising: a base frame (10) forming the bottom surface; a vertical frame (20) coupled with respect to the base frame (10) vertically from both edges of the base frame (10); a cover part (30) covering an upper part of the vertical frame (20); and a unit smoking booth (40) inserted and coupled as a unit on the base frame (10) with respect to the vertical frame (20) located on both sides, thereby capable of preventing virus infection that can occur when smoking.
Patent KR-20220121334-A (KR)
Title: Neural network operation method and apparatus
Inventor: LEE SE HWAN
IPC: G06N3/063
Filed: 2021-02-25
Abstract: Disclosed are a neural network operation method and device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the neural network operation device comprises: an input register for storing an input feature map; a processing element array including a processing element to perform an operation based on the input feature map and a weight matrix; and a controller for mapping a portion of the input feature map and a portion of the weight matrix, when the operation is performed on the input feature map and weight matrix, to the processing element.
Patent KR-20220122071-A (KR)
Title: Room lamp with flashlight function for vehicles
Inventor: KWON CHOONG HO
IPC: B60Q3/59
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: A room lamp with a flashlight function for vehicles is configured to be usually used as a room lamp by mounting a detachable flashlight in a body mounted in a headliner and to be used as a lamp when the lamp is necessary by detaching the flashlight from the body, so it is possible to use the lamp easily and conveniently when necessary. The present invention is, especially, configured to be able to use the flashlight by detaching a finishing plate having a floodlight plate and provided in the body or by breaking the floodlight plate, so it is possible to use the flashlight by manually taking out the flashlight easily and conveniently without using a tool. The body and the finishing plate are coupled in a snap-fit structure, so it is possible to easily separate and use the flashlight by forcibly pulling the finishing plate with hands or pressing an elastic projection and be easily assembled back to an original state thereof after use.
Patent KR-20220122134-A (KR)
Title: Packaging container for milk kit
Inventor: JUNG CHULWOO
IPC: B65D81/02
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a packaging container for meal kits. The packaging container for meal kits comprises: a container (10) having an opening (11) at an upper part through which multiple main ingredients (1) and sub-ingredients (2) are put, a storage portion (13) that accommodates the main ingredients (1) and sub-ingredients (2); and a fusion portion (20) for heat sealing, which is used to separate end portions of three sides excluding the opening (11) of the container (10) and the storage portion (13). The present invention allows consumers to experience the joy of cooking, unlike home meal replacement (HMR) products that are simply heated in a microwave by enabling consumers to cook easily and quickly with prepared ingredients and mixed sauces by following instructions in a specific order after opening a package. This differentiation provides a competitive edge in the consumer market, contributing to the activation of supply chains in the food industry. Additionally, the simplification of packaging reduces waste, thus minimizing environmental pollution caused by the use of disposable items or plastics.
Patent KR-20210157847-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM EUN JU
IPC: A41D13/11
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: The present invention is applicable to masks such as dental masks, and in particular, relates to a supporter for ensuring a space from a face part when wearing a mask, which prevents that a flat mask does not ensure a space and a mask body adheres around the nose and the mouth during breathing, and comprises clip parts provided at left and right sides, and support ribs extending from the left and right sides between the clip parts and protruding forward on one side, so that the clip parts are inserted to be fixed to adhesive lines provided at left and right sides of the mask body in the state that the support ribs push an inner skin outwardly to ensure a space.
Patent KR-20220052248-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JAE HA
IPC: A61B5/11
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: A robot and a control method thereof are disclosed. The robot comprises: a sensor; a driving part; and a processor that identifies the legs of a user from data acquired through a sensor, and determines a point located in the same direction as the movement direction of the user among a plurality of points corresponding to a predetermined distance from the user based on the movement direction of the user, moves to the determined point, controls the driving part to track the legs of the user, and acquires gait data corresponding to the user while tracking the legs of the user.
Patent KR-20220125007-A (KR)
Title: System for providing dental prosthesis production information and method thereof
Inventor: JIN DO WON
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2021-03-04
Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for providing dental prosthesis production information and a method thereof. That is, the present invention selects a supplier from a dental terminal, provides a request form or an order form in the form of an electronic contract to a supply terminal corresponding to the selected supplier, enables the relevant supplier to manufacture and supply a prosthesis corresponding to the request form or the order form, and allows a dentist corresponding to the dental terminal, the supplier corresponding to the supply terminal, and a patient related to the request form to confirm dental prosthesis production information extracted from the request form or the order form registered in a server. Accordingly, the present invention allows a dentist to commission a preferred supplier to produce a dental prosthesis and receive a reliable dental prosthesis.
Patent KR-20220126376-A (KR)
Title: Slab reinforcement system
Inventor: KIM SUNG HWAN
IPC: E04G21/12
Filed: 2021-03-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a slab reinforcement system capable of increasing reinforcement efficiency. The slab reinforcement system is coupled to a lower portion of a slab to structurally reinforce the slab and comprises: a support member installed on the lower surface of the slab in the longitudinal direction of the slab, wherein the support member is formed with a middle member and a pair of front and rear members arranged in front of and behind the middle member and formed to have a lower height than the middle member; a first tension member coupled between the middle member and the front and rear members while maintaining tension; a pair of first fixing members separated by a prescribed distance to be positioned on both sides of the front and rear members, and fixed on a lower portion of the slab; and a second tension member coupled between the front and rear members and the first fixing members while maintaining tension.
Patent KR-20220130293-A (KR)
Title: Cold runner block system with easy nozzle replacement
Inventor: KIM SUNG SOOL
IPC: B29C45/20
Filed: 2021-03-17
Abstract: A cold runner block system includes: an upper fixing plate (100); a gate (200) installed at a predetermined position of the upper fixing plate (100) and provided with a sprue (210) to inject liquid resin; a flow path (220) through which a liquid resin injected through the gate (200) flows; a manifold block (400) disposed in contact with the lower end of the upper fixing plate (100) and having a distribution flow path (230) for distributing the liquid resin supplied from the flow path (220) to a plurality of nozzles; a plurality of injection nozzles (1100) receiving liquid resin from the flow path (220) and injecting the liquid resin into the cavity of the molding plate; an insulating plate (500) disposed in contact with the lower end of the manifold block (400) and holding the plurality of injection nozzles; a heater plate (600) disposed in contact with the lower end of the insulating plate (500) and provided with through holes (510) through which the plurality of injection nozzles (1100) pass; a mold disposed at the lower end of the heater plate (600) and supplied with a liquid resin by the plurality of injection nozzles; and a fixing plate (1200) provided at the bottom of the mold and mounting the mold to molding equipment. The plurality of injection nozzles (1100) are composed of an upper nozzle (1110) into which a liquid resin is injected and a lower nozzle (1120) which injects the liquid resin into the mold. The upper nozzle (1110) and the lower nozzle (1120) are formed to be separable. The present invention is to facilitate nozzle replacement.
Patent KR-20220132138-A (KR)
Title: Partition with retractable shelf function on the belt line
Inventor: KIM HONG YOUP
IPC: E04B2/74
Filed: 2021-03-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a partition having an opening/closing shelf function on a beltline, which can reduce manufacturing costs by minimizing the number of parts, comprising: a frame having a rectangular frame shape; a plurality of exterior panels; a cover installed to be opened and closed in an opening; at least one pair of wire fixing and cover coupling members; and a cover finishing and rotating member.
Patent KR-20210035153-A (KR)
Title: Antenna device and display device including the same
Inventor: YOON HO DONG
IPC: H01Q21/06
Filed: 2021-03-24
Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, provided is an antenna element, which comprises a dielectric layer, a first antenna pattern disposed over the upper surface, the side surface, and the lower surface of the dielectric layer and having a bent structure, a second antenna pattern disposed over the side surface and the lower surface of the dielectric layer and having a bent structure, and a third antenna pattern including a third radiation electrode disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric layer. It is possible to increase signal transmission/reception efficiency and sensitivity.
Patent KR-20210042055-A (KR)
Title: Smart self-care recognition system
Inventor: JEON DAE YEON
IPC: H04L29/08
Filed: 2021-03-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for notifying a manager in charge with a message that a self-manager is well within a self-management area when the self-manager is confirmed in the self-management area through a server with a self-management confirmation system in order to manage the self-manager. The method comprises a step of photographing his/her own face of the self-manager with a self-manager smartphone, and transmitting a face image, detailed information of the face image, and one of the face images to a server registered as a member with the self-manager smartphone.
Patent KR-20210122718-A (KR)
Title: Laundry treating apparuts
Inventor: BEOM JUN KIM
IPC: H05B6/10
Filed: 2021-04-01
Abstract: Disclosed is a clothing treating apparatus which reduces power consumption when drying clothing. The clothing treating apparatus comprises: a cabinet having a slot on the front surface thereof; a door coupled to the cabinet to open and close the slot; a tub arranged in the cabinet, having an opening part communicating with the slot of the cabinet, and providing a space in which water is accommodated; a drum rotatably provided in the tub, and providing a space in which laundry is accommodated; a driving unit rotating the drum; a gasket connecting the slot of the cabinet and the opening part of the tub, and having an inner side providing a laundry entry passage; and a water supply unit supplying water to the tub. The water supply unit can supply water to the tub up to a first water level higher than the lowermost part of the inner side of the gasket. The driving unit can rotate the drum at a first rotating speed at which the centrifugal force acting on laundry in the drum is higher than the gravity acting on the laundry by rotation of the drum while the water level of the tub is the first water level.
Patent KR-20220136733-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for Inspecting Components
Inventor: LEE BANG KEUN
IPC: G01R31/308
Filed: 2021-04-01
Abstract: A component inspection device is disclosed. One aspect of the embodiment of the present invention relates to the component inspection device for inspecting the performance of components. Provided is the component inspection device, which includes: a lower structure for mounting a component to be inspected and applying operational control signals for inspection to the component; and an upper structure for collecting operation result data of the component, which is converted into visible light communication data and outputted. The present invention provides the component inspection device which conveniently inspects the performance of the component using visible light communication.
Patent KR-20220138603-A (KR)
Title: Portable hot-water boiler
Inventor: SON WON ILL
IPC: F24H1/18
Filed: 2021-04-06
Abstract: The present invention provides a portable hot-water boiler, which can be more smoothly operated, can be conveniently manufactured, can be used selectively while being expanded and contracted according to the size of a gas cylinder produced, and can adjust firepower inside a tent through a remote adjuster connected to a body. The portable hot-water boiler comprises: a case in which a burner is installed in an upper portion; a heating tank (10) provided above the burner, and having a sealed interior and a convex bottom surface; a hot-water supply pipe (30) attached to the upper surface of the heating tank and connected to a mat; a make-up water supply pipe (34) attached to the upper surface of the heating tank to supply water into the heating tank; an induction pipe provided inside the heating tank (10) to connect the hot-water supply pipe (30) and a make-up water inlet pipe (36) to each other, and having a water passage hole (37) and an air hole (38) formed in lower and upper portions thereof; a hot-water recovery pipe (32) having a water tank (20) provided above the heating tank, and feeding hot-water, having circulated the mat provided thereunder, into the water tank; the make-up water supply pipe (34) installed under the water tank and connected to the make-up water inlet pipe (36); and an auxiliary case (50) having spiral hose fixing grooves (58) formed in a lower portion of the case so that a connection hose (30a) is wound around a gas cylinder, fitted in the lower portion of the case (40), and having the spiral hose fixing grooves (58) formed on the outer perimeter thereof.