Patent GB-982641-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to buffers and draw-gear for railways, tramways and like vehicles
Inventor: THORNHILL PETER WARBORN
IPC: B61G11/12
Filed: 1960-04-27
Abstract: 982,641. Shock absorbers. OPEE Ltd. April 27, 1961 [April 27, 1960], No. 14815/60. Heading F2S. [Also in Division B7] A rail vehicle buffer or draw gear, Fig. 1, comprises a floating pneumatic piston 4, an oil-filled cylinder 15, a reservoir 23, a plunger 1 into which a sleeve 12 is screwed, a valve 16 closing on a seating 17 and secured to a piston 19 slidable with respect to the bore of the plunger and the sleeve 12, and a metering pin 6 having a tapered portion 7 co-operating with an orifice 10 and a tapered nose 9 extending into the bore of the valve stem 18. In operation, during slow closure, the fluid is displaced from the chamber 15 through the orifice 10 into the chamber 14 and then through clearance 24 into the reservoir 23. The nose 9 provides a progressive reduction in the clearance 24 during inward movement of the plunger until the sealing ring 32 enters the stem 18 and stops the flow of fluid to the reservoir. Before further compression can take place the pressure must build up in the chamber 14 so that the force on the right hand side of the valve 16 is greater than the force in the chamber 23 acting on the left hand side of the valve 16. When this build up has taken place the valve 16 is moved from its seat 17 and fluid flows through ducts 29, 30, 31 to the reservoir 23. Valve 16 can only be forced off its seat 17 to permit fluid to flow from chamber 14 to the reservoir 23, or to permit recoil, after the seal 32 has entered the stem 18 of the valve 16. The space 20 is maintained at atmospheric pressure through passages 21, 22. Recoil is permitted by movement of the ball 27 from its seat to allow fluid to flow from chamber 23 via ducts 25, 26, 26a and 10 to chamber 15. During heavy buffing loads the pin 6 in cooperation with the orifice 10 and the resistance to flow provided by valve 16 gives the required dynamic characteristics. In Fig. 2 the buffer comprises a plunger mounting a slidable sleeve 35, 36 and a tapered metering pin 33 having a head 38 co-operating with the bore of the sleeve and housing a poppet valve 44. In the fully extended position shown the base of the plunger engages a shoulder 52 on the sleeve which is itself engaged and limited in outward movement by the ends of slots 42 on the pin 33 engaging with shoulder 41. The sleeve is loaded by a compression spring 40 so that the sleeve remains stationary until the plunger abuts the shoulder 37. The annular space 47 behind the head of the valve 44 communicates via ducts 48 and the slots 42 with the space 15, and the space at the inner end of the valve stem 46 is vented to atmosphere. In operation, the plunger displaces fluid from chamber 15 through the annular passage 39 into the reservoir 23. As the plunger approaches the shoulder 37 it engages the seal 51, obstructs further flow through the passage and completely seals the chamber 15. Further telescoping of the plunger can only take place when the pressure rising in the space 47 moves the valve 44 off its seat against the pressure of fluid in the reservoir 23. In Fig. 3 the springs are mechanical and the chamber 55 which is only partially filled with fluid serves as a reservoir to feed a further plunger and cylinder 56, 57. During compression the plunger 56 pressurizes the fluid within the chamber 66 until the force acting on the seat 65 is greater than the force exerted by the springs after which the hydraulic cylinder is moved out of contact with the spigot and liquid is permitted to flow from the chamber 66 via passages 67 into the reservoir 55 at a controlled pressure. During extension of the buffer, fluid is drawn into the chamber 66 via the ball valve 71. In another embodiment (not shown), the valve which operates when the pressure acts on differential areas may be combined with a spring.