baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-978429-A (GB)
Title: Semiconductor switching element and process for producing the same
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1961-01-03
Abstract: 978,429. Semi-conductor devices. HITACHI SEISAKUSHO KABUSHIKI KAISHA. Jan. 3, 1961 [Jan. 19, 1960; Feb. 1, 1960], No. 275/61. Heading H1K. A PSPN or NSNP semi-conductor switching device comprises four regions, the first of a first conductivity type, the second of the same type, the opposite type or intrinsic (S region), the third of the same type as the first but having a relatively high impurity concentration and the fourth of opposite type and a concentration lower than the third, the ratio of the widths of the fourth and third regions being between one and ten. Such an arrangement ensures that αfrom the fourth to second region is small but increases with current while αfrom the first to third is larger but varies very little so that the sum of the α'sis less than unity when the current is low but becomes more than unity as the current increases, thus switching the device. Fig. 8 shows a device made in accordance with the invention consisting of PSP+N- regions 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a. The S region is made shorter than the diffusion length of the minority carriers injected from the P region with terminal 5 positive. This gives rise to a value of α from the P to P+ region which is relatively large but may be reduced by making the S region either N or weakly P. Preferably α should be not more than 0.9. The value of α from the N - to the S region must vary with current. This is achieved by making the doping of the P + region much larger than that of the N - region, the lengths of both regions being shorter than the diffusion lengths of carriers in the respective regions. The value of α is small but increases with current so that as the current increases the sum of the two becomes greater than unity and the device switches. The switching point may be controlled by an extra electrode applied to the S region. Manufacture (Fig. 14). To the surface of a wafer of N type germanium 22 a piece of lead 25 containing a small amount of indium is caused to adhere. On the opposite surface a lead member 26 containing 5-30% of indium and 0.1-20% of antimony is caused to adhere. The alloys are then heated to between 700 and 750 C. and cooled at between 25 and 50 C. minute. The recrystallized layer 21 created during this process is of P + type but the recrystallized layer 23 at the other face is of P type with a further N type recrystallized layer above it. Various examples of percentages in order to give a heavily doped P region 23 and weakly doped N region 24 are given in the Specification. A control electrode 30 may be provided. In a further embodiment (Fig. 15, not shown), indium is diffused into one surface of a germanium wafer and leadantimony dots are then alloyed into the centre of the indium while in the centre of the other face of the wafer is alloyed a lead antimony dot.
Patent GB-831318-A (GB)
Title: Paint applying device
IPC: B05C17/02
Filed: 1958-01-03
Abstract: <PICT:0831318/III/1> A paint-applying device comprises a casing H containing a number of rotating hammers D in the form of annular washers loosely mounted on spindles E.  The washers are flung outwards by centrifugal force when the spindles E are rotated about shaft S which may be driven by an electric motor.  Paint supplied through a fish-tail nozzle B is applied by brush C to the hammers and thence to the surface M to be coated.  The guide rollers F ensure correct spacing of the hammers from the surface.  Excess paint accumulating in the casing is applied by a brush G.
Patent GB-650161-A (GB)
Title: Method of making rail cars
IPC: B61D17/04
Filed: 1948-01-05
Abstract: 650,161. Making railway vehicle details. PULLMAN-STANDARD CAR MANUFACTURING CO. Jan. 5, 1948, No. 296. Convention date, Feb. 26, 1941. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv)]  Electric welding; stretching.-A railway carriage wall is made by welding stiffened sheets together to form a long sheathing; tensioning the sheathing to remove ripples and while under tension welding a frame thereto. The sheets are letter board and girder panels 20, 21 with corrugated stiffeners 18 spotwelded thereto and fusion bath-welded together. The sheathing 33 is cooled and the outside weld beads ground flat and placed against a copper backing of a jig where it is hung from hooks 73 by ears 71 welded along its top edge. Side ears 74 are engaged by hooks 91 adjusted by turnbuckles 88 to prevent stress concentration at the window openings 17 and the sheath 33 is tensioned by nuts 87. The hooks 91 are angled to produce vertical components to remove horizontal wrinkles. The panels 20, 21 are downwardly bowed while spot-welding the stiffeners 18 and become flat on cooling.
Patent GB-248139-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to gripping devices for string, rope, cord or the like
IPC: F16G11/00
Filed: 1925-01-05
Abstract: 248,139. Webb, T. E. Jan. 5, 1925. Cleats.-In a device for gripping ropes, cords &c. comprising gripping elements pressed towards one another by the rope &c. to cause the elements to grip a following part of the rope, stop means for preventing excessive crushing of the rope &c. by the gripping elemnts are provided. In one form, Fig. 11, the device is formed from a length of wire, and the stop means comprises a bar q arranged substantially at right-angles to the gripping elements a. In a modification, the bar q is replaced by a pair of interengaging bars, one of which is provided with notches in which the toothed end of the other engages ratchet fashion, relative movement of the bars permitting the allowable stress in the rope to be adjusted. In another form, Fig, 6, a lever o having bevelled edges is pivoted at the support of the device in such manner that increased tension on the rope forces the arm between the elements a to reduce the crushing effect. Other forms in which the elements a are held apart by one or more screws c, f, Fig. 3, situated between the elements are described as being particularly suitable for attachment to a halliard plate k.
Patent GB-605751-A (GB)
Title: An improved tool for use in the removal of the valves of internal combustion engines
IPC: B25B27/26
Filed: 1946-01-03
Abstract: 605,751. Prizing-tools. BATE, J. H. Jan. 3, 1946, No. 308. [Class 61 (ii)] A valve spring compressor for removing Diesel engine valves comprises a lever 7 provided at one end with pivoted bolt 3 and swivel plate 1 adapted to be bolted to the cylinder head and a tubular member 10 pivoted along the lever at 12 and slotted at the lower end so that the valve cotter may be removed after the valve spring and washer have been pressed down.
Patent GB-601723-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the continuous treatment of solids and gases
IPC: B01J8/12
Filed: 1943-01-08
Abstract: In the conversion of hydrocarbons according to the parent Specification, wherein the vapours pass through a conversion zone containing powdered catalyst which is maintained partly in suspension and which is drawn off from the lower part of the conversion chamber, the withdrawn catalyst is treated as a dense fluidized bed in a regeneration chamber, from the lower part of which it is withdrawn and returned to the conversion zone.  In the Figure, 16 is the conversion zone, to which catalyst is supplied in admixture with hydrocarbon vapour entering by pipe 14 and/or by conveyer 17. Catalyst is withdrawn to the regeneration chamber 38 directly by conveyer 37 and/or by way of pipe 71 from which it is fed to a current of oxidizing gas in pipe 77.  Regenerated catalyst is withdrawn from chamber 38 by pipe 15 and fed to the hydrocarbon vapour in pipe 14, and/or by pipe 54 from which it is conveyed by a current of gas to separator 57, from which it is returned to the reaction chamber by pipe 58 or conveyer 17. Catalyst <PICT:0601723/III/1> entrained in the vapours leaving the reaction and regeneration chambers is separated in cyclones 19, 44 respectively and returned to the chambers.
Patent GB-977270-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for producing magnetic fields
IPC: H01F7/02
Filed: 1962-01-05
Abstract: 977,270. Magnets. TRUB, TAUBER & CO. A. G. Jan. 5, 1962 [Sept. 26, 1961], No. 489/62. Heading H1P. In a permanent or electromagnet comprising two pole shoes on a common yoke and separated by an air-gap, the surface form of each pole shoe is made to confirm to an equipotential surface in a fictitious electrostatic field having the same configuration as the magnetic field which it is desired the magnet should produce, and such that along this equipotential surface the field strength has a maximum value at one point only in this surface and decreases, or at least remains constant, in every direction as this point is departed from, the pole-shoes being considered for this purpose as far back from the air-gap as twice the width of the air gap or if separate pole shoes exist and they are of less depth than twice the air-gap as far back as the pole-shoes themselves. Fig. 3g shows an example in which the design is based on the electrostatic field due to a plate conductor spaced by a distance d from an infinite conducting surface. The curves drawn represent equipotential surfaces in the resulting electrostatic field. Surface 1 and the unreferenced one adjacent thereto do not satisfy the requirements for the form of the pole shoes since it can be shown that such surfaces which return towards the central axis after passing a position of maximum distance therefrom give rise to electrostatic fields which are greater at the position of maximum distance than on the axis: surface 2 which approaches asymptotically the perpendicular to the plate conductor represents the dividing line between suitable and unsuitable forms of pole shoes and in fact gives rise to the optimum form. In this case the spacing at the nearest point from the infinite conducting surfaces is d/2 and hence two poleshoes constructed according to the form of this equipotential surface should be separated by the distance d. By this means it is stated that the field obtainable in the air-gap can be increased from a prior art maximum of 16,000 gauss to a value of 22,000 gauss without saturation setting in in the pole-shoes so that the field retains its desired configuration up to such values. The magnets so produced are stated to be useful for focusing and deflecting charged particles, in nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, as Zeeman magnets or in high leakage inductances and transformers producing a constant magnetic reluctance.
Patent GB-139846-A (GB)
Title: A double action continuous feed pump
IPC: F04B33/00
Filed: 1919-08-08
Abstract: 139,846. Gunther, J. H. A. E. Aug. 8, 1919. Portable hand pumps.-Relates to double-acting tyreinflating &c. pumps of the kind having a deliverychamber at the forward end formed by a partition extending across the casing the upper end of which forms the pump barrel. In Fig. 1, 12 is the diaphragm dividing the barrel from the deliverychamber 2, which communicates with the barrel through a non-return valve 16, and has an outlet 3. The piston-rod is tubular and slides over a central tube 13 opening into the delivery-chamber. An aperture in the piston-rod allows the air &c. discharged on the up-stroke to pass into the delivery-chamber through the central tube. An inlet valve 17 is provided for the lower end of the barrel and inlet apertures for the upper end. These apertures are covered by a ring 18 of leather &c. forming a non-return valve and serving as a packing for the piston-rod. In a modification the upper end of the barrel communicates with the delivery-chamber through a passage in the wall of barrel instead of through a central tube as shown in Fig. 1.
Patent GB-322671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in carburetting devices for internal-combustion engines
IPC: F02M7/22
Filed: 1929-01-07
Abstract: 322,671. Theilen, W. Jan. 7, 1929. Spray carburettors.-The carburettor casing 26 has a straight - through Venturi passage 23 controlled by a plug-cock 28 the bore of which is fitted with a ring 29 the interior of which also forms a Venturi passage. A groove in the exterior surface of the ring communicates through orifices 31 with the bore thereof, and through ducts 27, 25 with a source of fuel. A part of the transverse, duct 25 is in the plug casing and is controlled by a tapered groove 32 in the peripheral surface of the plug. The plug may be rotated through 180‹ from the position shown, so as to cut off the fuel and admit a full supply of air for scavenging purposes. The fuel flow may be adjusted by an interchangeable bored nipple in the fuel conduit. A spring stop 33 determines the various positions of the plug.
Patent GB-214686-A (GB)
Title: Traffic direction indicator
IPC: B60Q1/34
Filed: 1923-03-12
Abstract: 214,686. Crofts, H. G. March 12, 1923. Mechanical switches, inert; indicating.-A vehicle direction indicator of the type in which transparency signals are illuminated by lamps controlled automatically by the steering-rod, brake and clutch has two switch-boxes with means for operating a preliminary bell signal. A contact roller n, Fig. 3, is moved laterally by the connecting-rod p to engage in turn contact pieces m, k to operate the bell and the corresponding turning lamp. A contact roller v, Fig. 7, ia turned by an axle w, upon operation of the brake or clutch, and co-operates with contact pieces u, s<1>, s to operate the bell and the slowing lamp, and then the stopping lamp in the case of the brake. The switch-boxes are so constructed as to prevent the entry of dirt &c.
Patent GB-542195-A (GB)
Title: A tool for use in fitting and removing the barrel of a tap, stop cock or the like
IPC: B25B13/48
Filed: 1941-01-17
Abstract: 542,195. Wrenches. HERBERT, H. C. Jan. 17, 1941, No. 659. [Class 61 (iii)] A wrench for fitting or removing the inner barrel of a tap, stop cock &c. from the outer body so as to prevent Icosening of the latter comprises a wrench 14 having a jaw head 13 to engage the hexagonal part 18 of the tap barrel, a lever 10 having a projection 11 adapted to engage the projecting part 12 of the tap body and a double socket member 15, 16 connecting the lever 10 and wrench 14 such that in operation the lever 10 fulcrums about the tap body and turning pressure on the tap barrel in one direction is accompanied by a reaction pressure on the tap body in the opposite direction. The modification shown in Fig. 4 for operating on a stop cock situated at depth comprises a rod 21 with operating handle 22 at its upper end and a cranked arm at the bottom end adapted to bear against the stop cock body and a wrench 27 with a jaw head 28 for engaging the hexagonal tap barrel part 29 and mounted in a socket 25 carried by a sleeve 31 freely rotatable on the rod 21.
Patent GB-711831-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to solvent extraction, particularly of oils, fats and waxes from organic materials
IPC: C11B1/10
Filed: 1949-01-10
Abstract: <PICT:0711831/III/1> In a batch method of solvent extraction of oils, fats and waxes with aid of a volatile solvent from hermetically enclosed masses of organic materials, a plurality of recirculations of solvent and miscellas of progressively increasing oil content is maintained, each through at least one of the masses being extracted, the number or recirculations being the same as the number of masses of material simultaneously undergoing extraction, and the recirculations being shifted on the exhaustion of a particular mass so as to avoid this mass, the fresh solvent or weakest miscella being circulated through the next most nearly exhausted mass and so on, and the strongest miscella being circulated through a fresh mass, progress of the miscellas of increasing strength being effected from each to the next of the recirculations, and from a terminal circulation to storage.  In the apparatus of Fig. 1, extraction vessels E1, E2, E3, E4 are provided with circulations comprising pumps P1, P2, P3, P4, circulating pipes C1, C2, C3, C4 and return pipes R1, R2, R3, R4.  Each circulation is connected to the next by valved transfer pipes T1, T2, T3, T4.  Solvent is supplied from a header S by valved supply pipes S1, S2, S3, S4 while the discharge from each pump connects to valved branches M1, M2, M3, M4 which are connected to a miscella discharge through a header H.  Assuming vessel E4 is being steamed and re-filled, vessel E1 receives fresh solvent through S1, and part of the strong miscella from vessel E3 discharges through M3 to storage.  The valves in M1, M2, M4, S2, S3, S4, T3 and T4 are closed, and pump P4 is idle.  Afte E4 is put in circulation, vessels E1, E2 and E3 are in turn treated similarly. According to another modification, a number of circulations are provided equal to the number of vessels actively in use for extraction at one time, with a like number of pumps each having its intake and delivery branches connected to valve-equipped headers, whereby any pump may be caused to induce from any vessel and deliver to the same and/or any other vessel as required, and transfer ducts are provided enabling the progress of miscella as aforesaid continuously from each circulation to the next.  Heating or cooling means may be provided in any of the circulations, which may be effected through the masses in any suitable direction, e.g. upwards, downwards or laterally.
Patent GB-931424-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to implements for laterally displacing crop lying on theground
IPC: A01D78/00
Filed: 1959-08-28
Abstract: The subject-matter of this Specification is the same as that of Specification 913,423, but the claims differ.  Specification 931,425 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1095231-A (GB)
Title: Sulphonation of olefines
IPC: B60J10/33
Filed: 1965-01-08
Abstract: In a process for the sulphonation of hydrocarbon mixtures comprising at least 85% of mono-olefins with terminal double bonds and 8-22 carbon atoms, the sulphonation is carried out in the following stages:  (a) mono-olefin and SO3 are reacted under the following conditions: (i) the SO3 is diluted with an inert gas so that the SO3 concentration is 0.5 to 20 volume per cent, (ii) the temperature is 10-50 DEG  C., (iii) the sulphonation is carried out until the content of the mono-olefin in the unsulphonated fraction has fallen to 70 to 25%; (b) the product from (a) is sulphonated with SO3 under the following conditions:  until the total quantity of SO3 reacted in stage (a) and stage (b) is 1.1 to 1.5 mols. per mol. of olefin (i) the SO3 is diluted with inert gas so that the concentration of the mixture is less than 75% of the concetration used in stage (a) and is 0.2 to 10 volume per cent, (ii) the reaction period is at most 80% of that for stage (a), (iii) the temperature is higher than in stage (a) but does not exceed 60 DEG  C., and the resultant product is hydrolysed with aqueous acid or alkali at 50 DEG  to 200 DEG  C., the relative quantities of aqueous acid or alkali to the product being such that the product is in 5 to 75% solution, provided that when the hydrolysis is in alkaline solution the amount of alkali used is such that, after neutralization of excess sulphonating agent, sufficient is available for neutralization of the sulphonic acid formed during hydrolysis.  Each stage may consist of several zones.  Cracked wax olefins may be used as starting material.
Patent GB-521936-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with interlocking mechanism for enclosed electric switch fuse combinations
IPC: H01H9/10
Filed: 1939-01-11
Abstract: 521,936. Switch and fuse covers. CRABTREE & CO., Ltd., J. A., McLOUGHLIN, H. F., and HILL, W. E, Jan. 11, 1939, No. 884. [Class 38 (i)] Switch fuse assembly with separate covers a, b for switch and fuses, the cover b for the fuses having extended side walls b<2> formed with pivot studs l engaging in slots recessed in the switch cover, so that on opening, the cover b moves the switch dolly e to " off " position. Specifications 521,893, [Group XV], and 522,318 are referred to.
Patent GB-1095232-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of azo compounds
IPC: C09B35/08
Filed: 1965-01-08
Abstract: Azo compounds are prepared by coupling any desired diazo compound with a coupling component of the formula <FORM:1095232/C4-C5/1> wherein R1 represents halogen, a nitro, alkyl or alkoxy group, R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydroxyl, alkyl or acylamino group and R1 and R2 may form a tetramethylene radical, the coupling reaction being carried out in a solvent containing by volume 70 to 100% of a glycol or a cyclic ether and 30 to 0% of water.  Preferably the solvent contains at least 80% of the ether and preferred amines are 1-hydroxyl 2-amino-4-nitro benzenes having in the 6-position a hydrogen atom or a sulphonic N-acylamino group.
Patent GB-509308-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of visible images
IPC: G03B21/00
Filed: 1938-01-11
Abstract: 509,308. Photographic processes. KODAK, Ltd., SELWYN, E. W. H., and BOWYER, C. H. Jan. 11, 1938, No. 938. [Classes 97 (i) and 98 (ii)] A reversed monochromatic light-image of an object or transparency, i.e., an image in which the bright parts of the object appear dark and vice versa, is produced by projecting an image in substantially infra red light on a luminescent screen maintained in a luminescent state by radiation consisting substantially of wavelengths shorter than the visible, the luminiscence being reduced by the infra-red light. As shown an image of a transparency 1 is projected on to a fluorescent screen 8 by a source 2 of infra-red light, condensers 3, 4, a filter 6 and projection lens 5 and mirror 7, the screen being simultaneously irradiated by ultra violet light from a source 9, the intensity of which is controlled by a variable light-wedge 10 or by a diaphragm. The infra red beam may be similarly controlled. The screen 8 may be carried on a transparent or opaque support, and the former case a filter dyestuff is provided to absorb the ultra-violet light passing through. The transparency 6, which may be a negative, may be placed in contact with the screen to produce a positive image.
Patent HK-37593-A (HK)
Title: A mold clamping device
Inventor: TAKADA MINORU
IPC: B29C45/67
Filed: 1993-04-15
Abstract: Clamping cylinder 22 slidably receives a clamping ram 26 whose front end is fixed on a movable board 20 of (e.g.) an injection molding machine (21,23-25) and which has a chamber opening in its rear face. The interior of the clamping cylinder 22 is divided into a rear chamber W and a front chamber X by the large-diameter piston section of the clamping ram 26. From the inner rear wall of the clamping cylinder 22 there projects, a mold opening piston having a front end which slidably fits in the chamber in the clamping ram 26. The opening piston has a large-diameter piston section which divides the chamber into a rear chamber Y and a front chamber Z which communicates with the atmosphere. A hydraulic controlling device 31-37 controls the connection of the chambers X,Y and Z to each other and to an oil pressure source 40. Thus it connects the chambers X and Y to the chamber W for high-speed mold closure. It connects the chamber W to the oil pressure source 40 and relieves the pressure in the chambers X and Y for tight clamping; and it connects the chamber Y to the oil pressure source and connects the chamber W to both the chamber X and the relief means 32 for opening the mold. Preferably, the effective pressure receiving area of the chamber Y is to be equal to the cross-sectional area of the chamber section of the clamping ram 26.
Patent HK-94496-A (HK)
Title: Compositions and their use for treating gastrointestinal disorders
Inventor: PLACE GEOFFREY
IPC: A61K31/415
Filed: 1996-05-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions useful for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disorders. These compositions comprise a bismuth-containing agent, preferably a campyloabcter-inhibiting bismuth-containing agent such as bismuth subsalicylate and bismuth subcitrate, and a histamine-2 receptor blocking anti-secretory agent such as cimetidine. The present invention further relates to methods for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disorders in humans or lower animals by administering a bismuth-containing agent and a histamine-2 receptor blocking anti-secretory agent.