baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-169780-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to passenger vehicles for railways and the like
IPC: B61D17/04
Filed: 1920-06-29
Abstract: 169,780. Spencer, A. June 29, 1920. Doors for passenger vehicles.-In a passenger railway vehicle, the entrance and exit openings or doorways are controlled by a rising or falling door constituted by a flexible shutter or screen constructed of laths and actuated by compressed air, which may be derived from the air brake system or by an electric or other motor controlled from within the vehicle. The door may be constructed of strips of wood attached to flexible webbing or laths of thin sheet metal strengthened at the edges and formed with inwardly projecting corrugations, which may be used as grips for opening the door by hand. The edges of the door slide in guides 2, which follow the contour of the roof and are common to both oppositely-disposed doors. In order to strengthen the door, the laths or some of them may have rings which slide on a vertical stanchion which serves to divide the entering and departing passengers. The shutter may be maintained in proper alignment by chains adapted to work on sprocket wheels.
Patent GB-966257-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of producing p-n junctions
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1962-05-10
Abstract: 966,257. Semi-conductor devices. SIEMENS-HALSKE A.G. May 10, 1962 [May 10, 1961], No. 17968/62. Heading H1K.  An element suitable for use in a transistor is made by epitaxially growing on a donor and acceptor doped monocrystalline semi-conductor body in which the impurity in excess has the lower diffusion coefficient a layer of the same semi-conductor by thermal decomposition of a gaseous compound thereof. The impurities are caused to diffuse into the layer in the deposition process or in a subsequent heating so that only the impurity with the higher diffusion coefficient reaches its surface. In a typical case in which a P+ germanium crystal containing boron, indium or gallium as acceptor and phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as donor has had pure germanium deposited on it the diffusion produces the impurity distribution shown in Fig. 1. Beyond the PN junction (collector) formed at 2<SP>1</SP> the net impurity concentration No - N A  rises to a maximum before falling again. Acceptor material may be alloyed into the high resistivity surface thus produced to form a low capacity junction (emitter), the internal higher conductivity region giving the N-type (base) zone a low overall resistance. The impurity distribution may be modified by incorporating donor material in the deposited material or by varying the rate of deposition. For instance by gradually increasing the deposition rate the distribution of Fig. 5 is obtained, while a sudden increase in deposition rate of 2<SP>111</SP> gives the distribution shown in Fig. 3. Recombination centre impurities such as gold and nickel, may be incorporated in the base crystal or deposited material if desired. If an N-type silicon base crystal is used suitable acceptor impurities are aluminium, gallium, indium and boron and antimony and arsenic are suitable donors. Phosphorus is also suitable if aluminium is used as acceptor.
Patent GB-1455743-A (GB)
Title: Data storage systems
IPC: G06F12/16
Filed: 1974-04-25
Abstract: 1455743 Data storage systems INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 25 April-1974 [13 June 1973] 18051/74 Heading G4A When a write access is attempted to a memory partition (e.g. a page of virtual memory) which has a set flag D indicating that an error was detected on previous use of that partition, data is transferred from the partition to another partition having a reset D flag and the write access is made in the new partition. To access memory, a real address, which may be translated from a virtual address, is used, 11, to enter a page frame table at a flag word i corresponding to the required partition. If the access is a fetch operation and is performed without an error being detected, the access is completed directly, whereas if a correctable (within the error correcting capabilities of the system) error is detected, the accessed word is corrected and the D flag bit of the flag word i is set before completion of the operation. Detection of an uncorrectable error causes setting of a B (bad) flag bit in the flag word i and entry into a recovery routine in which the data in the partition is either retrieved from back-up storage (C flag bit indicating the data has not been changed since transfer from the back-up store) or is regenerated from a preset check point. If the access is a write operation the flag word i is examined, 31, to check that the L (lock), F (fixed) bits are OFF, and the D bit, if set, is enabled by a mask bit M. With these conditions fulfilled, the L bit is set to inhibit further use of the partition i and a new partition j is allocated for example by scanning the flag words to find a partition with a reset D flag and a time since last use field greater than a threshold value stored in a register. The L bit of the flag word j is then set and data is transferred, for example byte by byte, from page i to page j the bytes remaining in the same relative addresses. Finally, the virtual address VA field, time since last use T field, and bits C, F, M are transferred from the i flag word to the j flag word, fields VA and T and bits C, V (valid) and L are reset in the i flag word, and in the j flag word bit V is set and L is reset to enable access to the relocated partition.  Exemplary hardware for performing the above operations is described.
Patent GB-897159-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of high-grade malleable iron castings
Inventor: MUELLER HERBERT
IPC: C21D5/06
Filed: 1960-05-23
Abstract: A method of producing malleable cast iron comprises  (a) making castings from a white malleable cast iron produced in a cupola furnace;  (b) graphitising annealing the castings at 950-1100 DEG C. for 5-20 hours;  (c) slow cooling the castings to 800-900 DEG C.; (d) quenching the castings from 800-900 DEG C.;  (e) tempering the quenched castings to produce a structure of granular cementite.   The treatment may be carried out in a neutral or inert atmosphere or in an atmosphere comprising 17% Co, 25% H2, and the remainder N2 which has a carbon potential of 0,6% at 1014 DEG C.
Patent GB-482595-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the illumination of dials of instruments and other surfaces
IPC: G01D11/28
Filed: 1936-06-30
Abstract: 482,595. Indicating-apparatus. BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION. June 30, 1936, No. 18123. Convention date, July 1, 1935. [Class 106 (iv)] [Also in Group XI] An instrument dial or other surface is illuminated by providing a solid rodlike light-conducting member around the edge of the whole or a part of the surface, light being sent into the member and means being provided on the member for deflecting the light on to the surface. In one form, Figs. 2 and 3, the lightconducting member is constituted by two semicircular glass or quartz rods 25, 26, between the upper ends of which members a lamp 40 is situated. The members are covered by opaque material 41 excepting for two slits 42, 43 on the side facing the dial. The surface of the material 41 facing the inside of the rods is made reflecting. The width of the slits increases with the distance around the members from the lamp, an even illumination of the dial thus being secured. The device may be made for attachment to an existing instrument, a plug 44 then being provided to lead the current supply to the lamp. An opaque light shield may be placed in front of the light-conducting member. When the device is built into the instrument, the lightconducting member 49, Fig. 6 is in one piece and is placed behind the cover glass 45. Light passes from the lamp 40 through the cover glass and is directed along the member 49 by inclined surfaces 54, 55 formed in the member. To prevent dispersion in the cover glass, a circle of glass 52 is removed and then cemented back into place. In another form the lamp may be placed in a glass member 60, Fig. 7, having bevels 63; 64 to reflect the light into the lightconducting members 25, 26. The light-conducting members may, in addition to the coating, have a ribbed outer edge, or may have notches or circular indentations to deflect the light rays on to the dial. Another form of lightconducting member is shown in Fig. 13, in which the surface of the member is coated with opaque material 41 excepting at the parts 68. In a further modification, Fig. 12, for illuminating a rectangular surface 46, the light-conducting member is formed as a straight rod extending along one edge of the surface.
Patent GB-421195-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pistons for internal combustion engines
IPC: F02F3/00
Filed: 1933-06-27
Abstract: 421,195. Pistons. BOSCH AKT.-GES., R., 4, Militarstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany.- (Assignees of Fischer, F. ; Muhlacker, Germany) June 27, 1933, No. 18235. Convention date, June 28, 1932. [Class 122 (i)] A piston is provided with an undivided skirt 22 separated from the head by a slot 20 and supported therefrom by vertical webs 28 starting from an annular web 29 of semicircular section. The lower por tions 27 of the webs 28 are widened to engage the skirt and may be corrugated. The bosses may be supported wholly by the webs which are flat at the bosses and cylindrical at their upper ends. Further transverse webs 30 may be provided.
Patent GB-1146894-A (GB)
Title: Electric circuit using field-effect transistors
Inventor: KIBLER LYNDEN UNDERWOOD
IPC: H03C1/54
Filed: 1966-04-27
Abstract: 1,146,894. Amplitude modulation; suppressed carrier; phase detectors. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. 27 April, 1966 [30 April, 1965], No. 18366/66. Headings H3A, H3R and H3T. An electric signal circuit comprises a pair of field effect transistors 25, 26, a first input signal circuit connected to the first gate 27, 28 of the transistors, a second input signal circuit connected to the second gate 41, 42 of the transistors and an output circuit connected to the drains 35, 36 of the transistor. In the modulator circuit shown, using a modulating signal Wm and a carrier Wc, because of the balanced circuit only a pair of sidebands are obtained Wc-Wm or Wc+Wm (Fig. 3, not shown), and the carrier and harmonics of the carrier are suppressed. Symmetrical or asymmetrical field effect transistors can be used. Bias voltage Vom is arranged to reverse bias gates 41, 42 and has a magnitude equal to the maximum voltage swing of the modulating signal. The bias voltage Voc is equal to the pinch off voltage of the transistors. The circuit may be used to convert frequency up or down or as a phase-sensitive detector by applying substantially equal frequencies at the two inputs and monitoring the output amplitude.
Patent GB-1187986-A (GB)
Title: Method of and apparatus for electrographically producing replicas
Inventor: CANTARANO MARCUS
IPC: G03G15/34
Filed: 1967-04-21
Abstract: 1,187,986. Electrostatic printing. M. CANTARANO. 21 April, 1967 [21 April, 1966], No. 18394/67. Heading B6C. Electrostatic printing on an unprepared copy sheet 4 is effected by coating the sheet with powder such as oxidized bronze powder prior to placing it sandwich-wise between electrode plates 6, 7, the " original " 1 and a dielectric 8. An electric field is established between the electrodes through the application of A.C. or D.C. of suitable strength and frequency (A.C.) and if the powder particles are non-conductive, whilst the image areas 2 of the original have a higher conductivity than the non-image areas 3 and the conductivity of the sheet 4 is between that of the areas 2 and areas 3 an inverse negative image arises on the sheet 4 whilst the original resembles a printing plate " inked " over the image areas 2 with the powder. If the particles are electrically conducting the image on the copy sheet 4 is still inverse but positive. A suitable printing apparatus is shown in Fig. 5 and comprises a metallic drum 12 which also forms one of the electrodes, a bush device 14 for spraying powder through a grid 15 to coat the surface of the drum and an endless belt 17 of dielectric material for pressing a web-form original 1 against this powder layer. An arcuate capacitor plate 18 forms the other electrode. A web 22 of copy paper is fed through the apparatus by an endless belt 20 being pressed against the powder image on the drum surface by the belt and an arcuate shaped capacitor plate 21. The upright positive image produced on the web 20 is fixed by a solvent spray 24. A further embodiment, Fig. 6, serves to produce a large number of copies from a single prepared original. An inverted original is used which through an aluminium bushing is secured to the drum which is sprayed with powder from a device 113. A grid 111 acts as an electrode and the conditions of electric field and relative conductivity are such that the powder is withdrawn from the blank areas 3 of the " original " and conducted through the grid. In order to clean the drums of the above apparatus it is expedient to cause the drum to effect a rotation amounting to twice the length of the original in the feeding direction of the latter, followed by a rotation in the opposite direction through an angle corresponding to the length of the original. At the same time a cleaning device for the original is arranged at the outlet of the apparatus.
Patent GB-309786-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to safety razors
IPC: B26B21/18
Filed: 1928-06-25
Abstract: 309,786. Jackson, L. Mellersh-, (British American Razors, Ltd.). June 25, 1928. Razors, safety.- The clamp plate 1 and guard plate 4 are formed as oblique parallelograms, the handle 7 being fixedly secured to the plate 4 and so flattened that its greatest diameter lies substantially at right angles to the ends of the plates. A stem 9 squared for securing in a milled knob 11 passes through the handle and carries a threaded socket 10 screwing upon a threaded pip 3 secured in the clamp plate 1. The shoulders 13 on the handle prevents withdrawal of the stem. The guard plate 4 is fixed to the handle 7 by pressing the handle into notches 8 around a hole in the plate. The pin 3, together with plain pins passing through the blade and the guard plate 4, are fitted into holes in the plate 1 when the latter is in a flat state, the bending of the plate to curved form clamping the pins thereon.
Patent GB-713663-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in high voltage electric current limiting fuses
Inventor: DANNENBERG KURT
IPC: H01H85/30
Filed: 1951-08-03
Abstract: 713,663. Fusible cut-outs. E. M. P. ELECTRIC, Ltd. Aug. 1, 1952, [Aug. 3, 1951.] No. 18433/51. Class 38(I). In a high-voltage currentlimiting fuse comprising a fusible element 3 connected between end caps 4, 5 of a container 10, and wound on a hollow ceramic former 11, a short section of the element 3 is shunted by an element consisting of a heating wire 7 and an indicating device. The latter is in the form of a spring plunger 23 actuated by a capsule 21 containing explosive material 22 which is fired on the heating of the wire 7 when the main element 3 blows, the whole device being accommodated in the former 11. An external wire 25 passing through an insulating sleeve 27 and connected to the heating wire 7 is brought out through an aperture 29, in the former 11 and either connected to the element 3, or to a few turns of wire 30 wound round the former. The wires 7, 25 may be of platinum, and ceramic beads 31 may be provided on the element 3 as an auxiliary breaking means. Sealing rings 16, 17 are provided, as in the fuse described in Specification 665,052. The plunger 23 may trip or operate an isolating switch or alternatively actuate a device which produces discolouration of the fuse when it blows.
Patent GB-795028-A (GB)
Title: Radioactive oil production
IPC: C10L1/12
Filed: 1956-06-14
Abstract: Radioactive isotopes are dispersed in oils by mixing the aqueous solution of the compound containing the isotope with an alcohol, emulsifying this mixture with the oil, adding a dispersant till the opaque emulsion becomes substantially clear and finally removing the alcohol, water, and dispersant by volatilization by heat.  The resulting dispersion may be used as a tracer oil.  The isotopes may be employed in the form of salts of the isotope in solution acidified with the salt forming acid or in alkaline solution, examples being As73, Be7, Ca45, and Cs134 as chlorides in hydrochloric acid solution.  Ag110 and Tl204 as nitrates in nitric acid solution, Ta181 as potassium tantalate in caustic potash solution and Tc99 as the ammoniate in ammonia solution.  The oil may be any fluid oil or any oil which may be liquefied by heat, examples including animal, vegetable and mineral oils.  The alcohol is any of the lower aliphatic alcohols, preferably containing less than 5 carbon atoms, isopropanol being particularly preferred.  Examples of suitable dispersants include halogenated benzenes and lower paraffins, methyl benzenes, triethylamine, butyl and amyl acetates and butyl "Cellosolve" (Registered Trade Mark).  Examples comprise (i) Cs134Cl in HCl solution, isopropanol, heavy medium oil, B.P. 210 DEG  C., and o - dichloro benzene in volume ratio 1:50:100:70; (ii) Ag110NO3 in HNO3, methanol, mineral oil of B.P. 170 DEG  C., and o-dichloro benzene in ratio 1:60:100:70; (iii) Cs134Cl in HCl solution, isopropanol, cod liver oil and monochlorobenzene in ratio 1:50:100:150; and (iv) Cs134Cl in HCl solution, isopropanol, olive oil, and orthodichlorobenzene in ratio 1:50:100:30.  In each case the water, alcohol and dispersant are volatilized off at 120 DEG  C.
Patent GB-1129754-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to swing doors
IPC: E06B3/80
Filed: 1966-04-27
Abstract: 1,129,754. Swing doors. H. C. SIGERISTKLEIN and B. C. SIGERIST-WYSS [trading as CARL SIGERIST & CIE] 27 April, 1966 [30 April, 1965], No. 18487/66. Heading E1J. A swing door comprises a panel 1 of flexible transparent synthetic plastics material which has one, or, as shown, two edlge strips 5 of similar material bonded to it along the supported vertical edge of the panel, and optionally, also along the top edge of the panel, and is supported by one, or two, hollow framing members, e.g. 7, along the reinforced edge or edges. The member 7 along the top edge in the embodiment described is formed in two parts, and the vertical framing member 3 (Figs. 1, 2, not shown), in one part.
Patent GB-904919-A (GB)
Title: Electron gun assembly
Inventor: EDEN SIDNEY JOSEPH
IPC: H01J29/48
Filed: 1961-05-23
Abstract: An electron-beam tube electrode may comprise an alloy of 45% copper and 55% nickel.
Patent GB-313855-A (GB)
Title: Means for forming boxes or containers with neck inserts
IPC: B31B50/00
Filed: 1929-06-17
Abstract: 313,855. Universelle Cigarettenmaschinen-Fabrik J. C. M³ller & Co. June 16, 1928, [Convention date]. Machines for making necked boxes. - A machine for making a necked box comprises a die 4 upon which a gummed neck piece e is applied and a counter-die 17 to the face of which the box blank z is fed and carried thereby against the die 4 which is pressed against the die 17 by a plunger 43 against the action of a spring 7; flexible fingers 23 carried by a sleeve 24 slidably mounted on the shaft 18 of the die 17 are then moved to fold the sides r of the blank down on to the gummed neck piece and pressers 27, mounted in slidable blocks 30, are actuated to press the sides of the blank into close contact with the neck piece. As shown these are four dies 4 mounted on a revolvable disc 3 and while a neck piece is being applied to the die 4<3>, a box blank is being folded upon the die 4 and a completed box is being ejected from the die 4<1> by the plunger 43 which pushes the die 4' and box between spring-pressed plates into a pile holder, spring-controlled fingers engaging and retaining the box as the die is retracted by the spring 7. The four pressers are spring-controlled in the blocks 30 which are actuated by bell-crank levers 38 connected to a ring oscillated in a stationary ring. The pressers 27 may be dispersed with and the flexible folding fingers mounted on bell.. crank levers pivoted on the die 17 and connected by links to a block slidable on the shaft 18 so that they turn over the sides of the blank on to the neck-piece and press them against it. The box: blanks are fed bv a pusher 14 from a magazine 9 through a guide 15 on to a stop 16.
Patent GB-579935-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in machine guns
IPC: F41A7/04
Filed: 1943-11-09
Abstract: 579,935. Machine guns. RICE, E. A. B., ROSE, A. G., CURTIS, S., NICHOLLS, K. H., and ROSE BROS. (GAINSBOROUGH), Ltd. Nov. 9, 1943, No. 18591. [Class 92 (ii)] A cocking mechanism for a machine gun comprises a cylinder 26, Fig. 3, housing a hydraulic ram 27 fitted with an arm 32 which is adapted to engage with the cocking stud 24 of the gun, a controlling valve 31 being provided to allow fluid under pressure to pass to one side of the ram or the other and means being provided for continuously urging the valve to the position in which it moves the ram to the inoperative position shown. The gun 11 shown is fitted in an aircraft turret as described in Specification 579,933, being mounted in a carrier member 12 which carries a bracket 28 on which cylinder 26 is mounted. A support 36 extends from bracket 28 and carries a casing 34 which has a guide slot for the cocking arm 32. Fluid under pressure is supplied to one or the other end of cylinder 26 by pipes 37, 38 leading to connections 39, 41, Fig. 5, of valve 31. The valve houses a plunger 54 which is urged upwardly by a spring 63 and has connections for fluid supply and exhaust pipes 68, 69. In normal position of the valve, fluid from pipe 68 passes through ports 71, 50 and 51 to reach annular port 45 which communicates with pipe 37, thus forcing ram 27 to the left, Fig. 3. When plunger 54 is depressed by hand, pipe 37 communicates with exhaust pipe 69 via ports 51 and 52, and annular port 46 which is connected to an annular port 74 communicating with pipe 69. At the same time, fluid under pressure passes from pipe 68 through ports 50 and 49 to annular port 44 communicating with pipe 38 and the ram is thus driven to the right, Fig. 3, to effect the cocking of the gun. The spring 63 restores the valve and thereby the ram elements to the inoperative position shown when the valve is released.
Patent GB-558724-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to valves
IPC: F16K15/14
Filed: 1942-12-31
Abstract: 558,724. Valves. TRICO PRODUCTS CORPORATION. Dec. 31, 1942, No. 18609. Convention date, Jan. 1. [Class 135] A non-return valve housed in. a recess 12 formed by depressing a wall of a container 11 comprises a valve member 18 bodily movable between the bottom of the recess which is provided with ports 21 and a conical cover. 14 the outer margin of which fits within the recess. The cover is held against a spacing washer 17 by a nut 30 engaging a tubular member 25 secured to the bottom of the recess by welding, soldering or riveting. A nipple 29 is secured to the member 25 which is provided with passages 27, 28 leading to the valve chamber. The ports 21 are formed in an annular groove to avoid damage to the valve member which may be formed of the material known commercially as "Fabricoid."