baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20120119584-A (KR)
Title: Led lighting apparatus
Inventor: WOOH MOON SUCK
IPC: F21V15/01
Filed: 2011-04-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An LED lighting device is provided to prevent a light emitting unit of a chassis plate from being degraded by inserting foreign material between a chassis plate and a cover member. CONSTITUTION: A center plate(1) is formed along one direction. A pair of chassis plates(2) is combined with the center plate. A light emitting unit(22) is arranged in a pair of the chassis plate. A cover member(3) covers the center plate and the chassis plate. A sealing member(4) is arranged between the chassis plate and the cover member.
Patent KR-20120121079-A (KR)
Title: Wet Process Nonwoven Web and The Method for Preparing The Same
IPC: D04H1/44
Filed: 2011-04-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wet type ramie non-woven fabric and a method for fabricating the same are provided to enhance antibacterial property, biodegradability, moisture absorption, and swelling property. CONSTITUTION: A method for fabricating a wet type ramie non-woven fabric comprises: a step of cutting a ramie fiber into long fiber and short fiber(S11); a step of mixing the long fiber and short fiber in a weight ratio of 70:30~60:40 and beating(S12); a step of dispersing the ramie fibers(S13); a step of unevenly laminating the dispersed ramie fibers using a wet type lamination device to form a web(S14); and a step of pressing the web at 80-100 Deg. C(S15). [Reference numerals] (S11) Cutting process; (S12) Beating process; (S13) Dispersing process; (S14) Laminating process; (S15) Pressing process
Patent KR-20120124748-A (KR)
Title: Installing structure of protection covers for sealing in stern tube shaft
IPC: B63H23/36
Filed: 2011-05-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: An installation structure of a protective cover for sealing a stern tube shaft is provided to reduce personnel costs and time required for installing a protective cover and to remove accidents. CONSTITUTION: An installation structure of a protective cover for sealing a stern tube shaft comprises an oil leakage preventing seal installed between both ends of a housing and the exterior of a shaft. A protective cover(5) is fixed on the exterior of the oil leakage preventing seal and comprises semicircular caps. When the protective cover is winched by a winch, the semicircular caps surround the exterior of the oil leakage preventing seal by rotating on a hinge.
Patent KR-20110132518-A (KR)
Title: Curable resin composition
Inventor: INOUE KATSUHARU
IPC: G03F7/027
Filed: 2011-05-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A curable resin composition is provided to capable of reducing the cratering when coating an alignment agent solution on a pattern or a coating layer obtained from the composition. CONSTITUTION: A curable resin composition contains a resin, a titanium compound, and a solvent. The resin is an additional polymer containing the following: a structural unit originated from one compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid and unsaturated carboxylic anhydride; and a structural unit originated from a monomer including C2-4 cyclic ether and a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond.
Patent KR-20120136127-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for collecting intravaginal amniotic fluid
Inventor: YOON JAE MYUNG
IPC: A61B10/02
Filed: 2011-06-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A vaginal amniotic fluid collector is provided to eliminate the emotional anxiety and pain of mother and a complication generation risk by preparing a fixing member for fixing a collection member in a vaginal. CONSTITUTION: A vaginal amniotic fluid collector includes a collection member(20) and a fixing member(40) for fixing the collection member. The collection member is formed to collect amniotic fluid from a uterus. The collection member includes an accepting unit(22). The accepting unit includes an opening unit and a accepting groove on a side inserted into a vaginal. The accepting unit is formed of materials including natural rubber, urethane, or plastic. The fixing member is formed to fix the collection unit in the vaginal.
Patent KR-20120137967-A (KR)
Inventor: I GYU WON
IPC: G06Q50/20
Filed: 2011-06-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A processing and selling system of video content is provided to prepare a series of static frame images from a moving picture work, synthesize a photograph of a buyer and a video of a chosen person, and supply a processed video to the buyer. CONSTITUTION: A screen operation analyzer(3) interprets motion data of characters for each frame, and stores in an operation database(4). A chosen person from a skin exchange database(6) is integrated with the photograph of the buyer processed according to motion data and person information in a data reconfiguration database(7), and a static frame image graphic is completed. A data reconfiguration executer(9) converts the static frame image into a video signal by motion composer(8), and a caption generator(13) produces lines of chosen person in a subtitle. A data provider(14) transmits consecutive screen to the buyer. [Reference numerals] (1) Selection of video characters; (10) Expression analyzer; (11) Fashion analyzer; (12) Makeup analyzer; (13) Caption generator; (14) Data provider; (2) Image information extracting unit; (3) Screen operation analyzer; (4) Operation database; (5) Frame change information database; (6) Skin exchange database; (7) Information reconfiguration database; (8) Motion composer; (9) Data reconfiguration executer; (AA) Film; (BB) Picture of purchaser; (CC) Extraction of motion-body type corresponding to body type; (DD) Speech recording; (EE) Complex recomposition of graphic; (FF) Subtitle composition; (GG) Transmission
Patent KR-20120139294-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for managing mail using chunk
Inventor: LEE JASON
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2011-06-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mail management method using a chunk and a device thereof are provided to index an inherent string of the chunk, thereby reducing a chunk collection and the amount of index. CONSTITUTION: Mail is received(410). One or more chunks in the received mail are searched(420). It is checked whether or not one or more the chunks are in a chunk collection(430). A chunk registration step is performed for a chunk which is not existed in the chunk collection(440). A mail identifier is added for a chunk which is existed in the chunk collection(450). Indexing is performed for the chunk registered in the chunk collection(460). [Reference numerals] (410) E-mail reception; (420) Chunk search; (430) Chunk is existed within chunk collection?; (440) Chunk registration; (450) E-mail identifier addition; (460) Chunk indexing; (470) Mail search; (480) Reading; (AA) Start; (BB) End
Patent KR-20130002573-A (KR)
Title: 주방용 도마 살균기
Inventor: PARK SUNG HOON
IPC: A47L19/00
Filed: 2011-06-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 주방에서 사용되는 도마 살균기에 관한 것으로, 도마살균기의 형태가 덮개형태로 이루어지면서 들어올림이 가능하게 손잡이를 구비하고, 덮개의 내부에는 자외선이 내장되면서 덮개를 들어올릴 경우에는 전원이 OFF토록 하여 안전성을 확보하며, 자외선이 반사수단에 의하여 입체적으로 주사되면서도 별도의 스페이스를 구비하여 살균하고자 하는 물품의 높이가 높을 경우에도 사용이 가능토록 함으로써 작동이 안정적이고 경제적으로 이루어지도록 함은 물론 다양한 높이를 갖는 물품에서도 적용이 가능토록 한 것이다.
Patent KR-20130005858-A (KR)
Title: Human machine interface included protocol analyzer
Inventor: SHIN MOO SEUNG
IPC: G05B23/00
Filed: 2011-07-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A human machine interface in which a protocol analyzer is mounted is provided to display information for a communication device with a defect to a touch screen panel, thereby enabling a user to easily recognize a communication state of each connected device. CONSTITUTION: A memory (12) stores receiving protocol frames. A data transmitting/receiving unit(40) transmits and receives data to industry devices through communication drivers. An extraction module(16) extract the receiving protocol frame from response data. A detection module(17) detects whether or not a receiving protocol frame which corresponds to the extracted receiving protocol frame is existed. A conversion module(18) converts a detected communication state result into character data. A display module(13) displays the character data and the response data in a display device. [Reference numerals] (11) Control module; (12) Memory; (13) Display module; (14) Communication interface module; (15) Array module; (16) Extraction module; (17) Detection module; (18) Conversion module; (20) Touch screen panel; (30) Input receiver; (40) Data transceiver
Patent KR-20130006115-A (KR)
Title: Air-bag control unit assembly
Inventor: RYU JI SUNG
IPC: B60R21/16
Filed: 2011-07-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: An airbag control unit assembly is provided to reduce personnel costs with simplified work process because a housing and a cover are coupled by locking. CONSTITUTION: An airbag control unit assembly(1) comprises a cover(200) and a housing(300). A printed circuit board(100) is placed on the cover. The housing is coupled to the cover by locking. A space for receiving the printed circuit board is arranged inside the housing.
Patent KR-20130010313-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for optical pick-up
Inventor: JEONG SEONG YUN
IPC: G11B7/13
Filed: 2011-07-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical pickup device is provided to minimally irradiate reflected light on a photo detector and to prevent the deterioration of a signal due to the light reflected in a signal layer. CONSTITUTION: An optical pickup device(20) includes a light source(100), an optical unit(200) and a photo detector(300). The optical unit designates the path of light which emits from the light source. The photo detector senses the light. The photo detector has a rectangular shape with edges which are cut down.
Patent KR-20110103913-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM HYUN HWAN
IPC: A01G7/00
Filed: 2011-08-08
Abstract: 본원 발명은 식물재배용 보광, 전조재배 등을 위한 단파장 무전극 형광램프장치에 관한 것으로, 식물 광합성에 유효하고 광요구성이 높은 640nm675nm 파장영역과 적색 단파장 광원과 425nm455nm 파장영역을 갖는 청색 단파장 광원을 발산하는 식물재배용 단파장 무전극 형광램프로서, 식물의 성장에 필요한 양질의 적색과 청색 단파장 광원을 공급할 수 있는 단파장 무전극 형광램프의 특징을 가지고 있다. 
기존의 식물재배용 보광, 전조 재배용 조명램프가 불필요한 파장까지 발광시키는 삼파장, 오파장 형광램프 및 나트륨, 할로겐램프 등에 비하여 식물의 엽록소의 광합성 작용에 유효하고 광 요구성이 높은 특정파장의 빛을 공급함으로서 식물의 전조재배, 보광재배시 고에너지 효율과 절감효과를 기대할 수 있는 친환경 에너지절약형 제품이다.
Patent KR-20130016615-A (KR)
Title: 원적외선 방출 기능성 방석 카바
Inventor: LEE KYU JOO
IPC: A47C27/00
Filed: 2011-08-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 원적외선 방출 기능성 방석 카바에 관한 것으로 음이온 원적외선을 방출시키고 항균 살균 탈취력을 갖고 있는 토르마린(Tourmaline) 원석 분말에서 인체에 유해한 중금속과 이물질을 13단계 공정으로 정제시키고 토르마린을 실리카(Silica)에 탑재시켜 실리카 토르마린(Silica Tourmaline)으로 구성시키고 은(Ag)의 산화를 방지시키고 항균력을 높여줄 수 있도록 은(Ag)의 표면을 실리카(Silica)로 도포시켜 실리카 은나노(Silica-Ag-nano)로 구성시키고 실리카 토르마린 실리카 은나노를 합성수지재 PE에 첨가시켜 기능성 필름으로 구성시키고 섬유재판(천)에 합지시키고 표면에 다수의 기공을 구성시킨 다음 두겹으로 접고 가장자리를 접합시켜 공간을 구성시킨 기능성 방석 카바로 구성시키며 건조시킨 한약재(약쑥)를 부직포로 수평으로 포장시키고 평면이 유지되도록 누빈 다음 한약재(약쑥) 팩으로 구성시킨 다음 기능성 방석 카바에 내장시켜 원적외선 방출 방석 카바로 구성시키고 핫팩, 전기방석에 설치시켜 사용하도록 한다 
이러한 방법은 핫팩, 전기방석에서 발산되는 열에 의해 한약재의 기능 효과가 높아지고 기능성 필름 섬유재판에서 음이온 원적외선이 방출되어 방석 카바와 접촉되는 여성 인체 부위에 세균을 살균시키고 냄새를 제거시키며 혈액 순환을 촉진시켜 주는 효과를 갖게 된다.
Patent KR-20130017441-A (KR)
Title: Earphone and mobile terminal system having earphone
Inventor: CHUNG KI WOO
IPC: H04R1/10
Filed: 2011-08-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: An earphone and a mobile terminal system which applied to the earphone are provided to control the function of the mobile terminal by controlling the resistance value of a resistive unit, using key input unit of the remote controller. CONSTITUTION: A mobile terminal(100) comprises an interface unit(170) and a control unit(180). An earphone(200) comprises a power supply unit(210), a resistive unit(220), a microphone(230), a connector(240), and the first and the second speakers(251, 252). The power supply unit supplies a reference voltage to the resistive unit. A wiring of the power supply unit is separated between the connector and the first speaker. The wiring of the power supply unit is separated from the connector and the second speaker. The resistive unit is connected to the power supply unit and the microphone, respectively. [Reference numerals] (100) Mobile terminal; (170) Interface unit; (171) First speaker signal line; (172) Second speaker signal line; (173) Ground line; (174) Microphone signal line; (180) Control unit; (200) Earphone; (210) Power supply unit; (220) Resistive unit; (230) Microphone; (240) Connector; (251) First speaker; (252) Second speaker; (AA) L port; (BB) R port; (CC) M port
Patent KR-20130021034-A (KR)
Title: Method for generating interconnection diagram using cable schedule
Inventor: PARK SEONG GYU
IPC: G06F19/00
Filed: 2011-08-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for generating an interconnection diagram using a cable schedule is provided to share information of a cable connection diagram and to reduce a man hour for writing a drawing by updating a specific item about the cable schedule to a database. CONSTITUTION: A cable schedule and shield/color code data corresponding to the cable schedule are checked and added to a cable connection database. A condition for extracting data from the cable connection database is selected and the extraction and format of data are adjusted according to the condition. The extracted data is classified according to fixed standards. A cable connection diagram is generated based on the classified data. The cable connection diagram is applied to the cable schedule. [Reference numerals] (A1) Inputting and correcting a cable schedule; (A2) System administrator/predicted length; (B1) Inquiring section data, shield data; (B2) Checking the existence of a shield; (B3) Checking the application of a color code; (C1) Adding data to a connection DB; (C2) 1. Cable type/core/SQ as indexes; (C3) 2. Calculating the number of wire lines(whether or not to apply a shield); (C4) 3. Creating a wire number according to a color code; (D1) Sorting extracted data under conditions below(4); (D2) 1. CENTER EQUIP.(where TO EQUIP. and FROM EQUIP. are overlapped); (D3) 2. FROM EQUIP.(FROM part of data extracted based on TO EQ); (D4) 3. TO EQUIP.(TO part of data extracted based on FROM); (D5) 4. Aligning lines of data(matching lines of FROM/CENTER/TO EQUIP with each other); (EE) Checking and correcting a diagram(reflecting corrected contents to SCH.); (F1) Converting and copying arranged data into a diagram form(5-1); (F2) 1. Converting 1 line data into 3 line form for drawing a diagram; (G1) Editing the copied data into a diagram form(5-2); (G2) 1. Converting repeated identical contents into a diagram form; (G3) 2. Drawing lines and adjusting a graphic form; (HH) Outputting a diagram
Patent KR-20120087062-A (KR)
Title: Smart settop box and operating method for smart service and digital television service using single operating system
Inventor: CHOI SU KYOUNG
IPC: H04N21/40
Filed: 2011-08-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A smart set top box for providing a smart service and a television service in a single operating system and an operating method thereof are provided to guarantee a DTV stack and an android platform, thereby quickly supporting update of the platform. CONSTITUTION: A processor(610) operates an OS(Operating System) which includes a kernel and libraries which are made of drivers and binder drives for hardware. A memory(620) loads applications and a DTV(Digital Television) stack. The applications are designed by an API(Application Programming Interface) of a framework corresponding to the OS. The DTV stack includes DTV and security service functions. The processor provides a smart service and a DTV service in a single OS which allows communication between the application and the DTV stack.
Patent KR-20120024463-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG MYUNG SIK
IPC: B66D1/58
Filed: 2011-08-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 전동식 권양기의 과부하 보호장치에 관한 것으로써, 종래에는 권양기본체에 적정용량 이상의 과부하가 발생하여도 그 전원을 자동 차단하는 수단이 없으므로 전동기본체를 구성하는 여러 부품들의 파손이 발생되므로 권양기본체의 수명이 짧아지게 되고, 부품의 잦은 교체로 인해 유지보수비가 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있었다. 
이에 본 발명은 권양기본체(100)의 권양기받침대(110)를 바닥판(120)에 체결하는 앵커볼트(130)나 또는 와이어로프고정장치(300)와 근접된 와이어로프(310) 중 어느 하나를 이용하여 전원차단부(200)를 설치하고, 전원차단부(200)는 권양기본체(100)에 적정용량 이상의 과부하 발생시 그 반작용되는 응력을 이용하여 권양기본체(100)의 전동기 동력을 자동 차단하는 스위치를 구비시킨 것으로서, 권양기본체에 적정용량 이상의 과부하가 발생되면 권양기본체의 전원이 그 즉시 자동 차단되므로 전동식 권양기를 구성하는 여러 부품들이 과부하로 인해 파손되는 것을 효과적으로 방지할 수 있어 권양기의 수명 연장효과가 있고, 유지 보수비용을 상당히 절감할 수도 있는 것이다.
Patent KR-20130023475-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JONG HWA
IPC: E02D29/02
Filed: 2011-08-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 수류(水流)에 영향을 덜 받으면서 부유하여 떠내려 오는 각종 이물질로부터 보호받을 수 있는 서식생물 생활공간을 제공할 수 있는 호안용 옹벽블록에 관한 것이다. 
이를 구현하기 위하여, 본 발명에 따른 서식생물 생활공간을 갖는 호안용 옹벽블록은, 어도(魚道)의 양 절토(切土)면을 따라 조적(組積)되기 위한 옹벽용 제1블록바디;  상기 제1블록바디에서 어도를 마주하는 전방에 배치되는 서식생물 생활용 제2블록바디; 및  상기 제1 및 제2 블록바디의 상호 결합을 위한 중계수단;을 포함하여 이루어지되, 상기 제2블록바디는 하류 측을 향하여 개구되고 서식생물이 생활할 수 있는 내부 공간부를 갖는다.
Patent KR-20120002502-A (KR)
Title: Pocket type mask
Inventor: KIM YOUNG HO
IPC: A62B23/06
Filed: 2011-08-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pocket type mask is provided to prevent the generation of a gap around an inlet of a nose pocket, and protect the face of a user from wet air. CONSTITUTION: A pocket type mask comprises the following: a front filter including symmetrically installed plural vertical wrinkle units; a bag type filter(10) including a rear surface filter, and an insertion unit for inserting the nose of a user; a wearing supporter(20) closely attaching the rear surface filter to left and right sides of the nose, and securing the internal space of the bag filter; a wearing string(30) for user to hang the mast on the head or ears; and a three-dimensional space for putting the nose.
Patent KR-20130023927-A (KR)
Title: Connecting structure for connector of bellows pipe
Inventor: JUNG MIN HWA
IPC: F16L47/12
Filed: 2011-08-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A connector combining structure of a corrugated pipe is provided to be able to easily connect and separate each corrugated pipe and connector by a fixing plate, and to prevent the separation of the connected corrugated pipe and connector to be fixed securely. CONSTITUTION: A connector combining structure for a corrugated pipe comprises a pair of fastening protrusions(100), a fixing plate(200), and a separation protection part. A pair of fastening protrusions are formed in the position corresponding to each other in both sides of peripheral part of a connector(20) based on the caliber center of the connector. The fixing plate is respectively combined to a pair of fastening protrusions in a rotatable manner, and is inserted into and seceded from a groove of a corrugated pipe(10) to fix and separate the corrugated pipe and the connector. The separation protection part is formed with both ends protruded to both sides of the fastening protrusions on the upper side of a pair of fastening protrusions, and prevents the fixing plate, in the state that the corrugated pipe and the connector is fixed, from rotating to be released.
Patent KR-20130024427-A (KR)
Title: Shaft for fluid dynamic bearing
Inventor: JUNG SEUNG KYU
IPC: F16C33/10
Filed: 2011-08-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A shaft of a fluid dynamic bearing is provided to actively preventing a spring-back phenomenon, thereby precisely forming a radial groove more precisely. CONSTITUTION: A shaft of a fluid dynamic bearing comprises a hollow shaft member(110) and a reinforcing member(120). A radial groove is formed in the outer periphery of the hollow shaft member by a form-rolling. The reinforcing member is filled at a portion of an internal space of the hollow shaft member corresponding to a forming position of the radial groove. The hollow shaft member and the reinforcing member are formed of metal of different density.
Patent KR-20130031513-A (KR)
Title: Resistor and capacitor high power control apparatus for light emitting diode lamp
Inventor: PARK JAE DUK
IPC: H05B37/02
Filed: 2011-09-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A resistor-capacitor power supply control device for high-power LED(Light-Emitting Diode) bulbs is provided to achieve uniform current quality by minimizing the variation range of a voltage supplied to a load according to the variation of the commercial input voltage of a high-power LED light source. CONSTITUTION: An AC(Alternating Current) filter part(1) protects a circuit from an instantaneous overvoltage or a surge current of an AC current applied from a power supply in order to be supplied to an LED bulb. Each of individual voltage control parts(2-1,2-2,···,2-n) drops and controls the voltage for an AC current applied from the AC filter part. Multiple individual AC-DC(Alternating Current to Direct Current) converting parts(3-1,3-2,···,3-n) input the AC currents applied from each of the individual voltage control parts and convert to DC currents. Multiple individual current control parts(4-1,4-2,···,4-n) convert the DC currents applied from each of the individual AC-DC converting parts to the currents suitable for an LED light source.
Patent KR-20130031542-A (KR)
Title: Killing machine for duck
Inventor: KIM SUN YU
IPC: A22B3/10
Filed: 2011-09-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A scarificator for ducks is provided to cut a carotid near the neck of a duct while preventing the shaking of the neck. CONSTITUTION: A scarificator for ducks has a transfer part(41) in front of the upper side(24) of a main frame(20). By the driving part(43), the shaft(45) of the transfer part is rotates. A screw(47) is mounted at the opposite side of the driving part. A guide part consists of a guide bar(31) guiding the neck of a duck; a coupling part(33) coupled to the guide bar; a holding part(35) supporting the coupling part; and a hinge part(37) which is rotatably mounted to a bracket(39) fixed to the main frame. A tension part(51) is connected to a hinge part. A knife part(70) is connected to the side of the main frame and a circular knife(72) rotates.
Patent KR-20130039128-A (KR)
Title: Auto bead chipping unit using face cutter
Inventor: CHOE WOO HYEON
IPC: B23C3/12
Filed: 2011-10-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: An auto bead chipping unit using a face cutter is provided to ensure the good quality of a working object and the uniform dispersion of construction by preventing movement while chipping. CONSTITUTION: An auto bead chipping unit using a face cutter comprises a base unit(100), a chipping unit(200), a magnet unit(300), and a changeover unit(400). The base unit moves along the surface of a working object. The chipping unit is adjustably mounted in the base unit in position and height. The chipping unit partially removes the weld reinforcement of a welding bead on the surface of the working object by rotating through an operation force. The magnet unit is mounted on the base unit, keeps the base unit to be in touch with the working object surface by a magnetic force, and prevents the movement of the chipping unit. The changeover unit is mounted in the base unit, turns on or off the magnetic force of the magnet unit for keeping or releasing the touching state with the working object surface, and changes the moving direction of the base unit.
Patent KR-20130042099-A (KR)
Title: The construction method of shield tunneling
Inventor: WI SUNG BAE
IPC: E21D9/04
Filed: 2011-10-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A non-excavation tunnel excavation method is provided to ensure safety for workers, to facilitate to work, and to save costs by reusing an excavator. CONSTITUTION: A non-excavation tunnel excavation method comprises the following steps: forming a vertical mine by excavating both sides of an installation place and indenting upper and lower guide pipes(100,200) into the vertical mine; forming a support beam(30) and indenting a front head(1) which is formed by installing upper and side indentation boxes(10,20) and a bottom plate to the ground ; engaging a rear body(50) to the rear side of the front head for indenting into the ground and installing a partition inside the rear body; and installing a beam for supporting the partition and forming a concrete structure inside a space surrounded by the partitions.