baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20090061628-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for quantizing vector
Inventor: LI LIXIONG
IPC: H03M7/30
Filed: 2007-12-05
Abstract: A method for quantizing vector. The method comprises: performing a quantization process on a vector to be quantized by use of N base codebook vectors and modification vectors for each of the base codebook vectors, deriving a base codebook vector and a modification vector used for quantizing the vector to be quantized, N being an integer larger than or equal to 1. According to the present invention, based on the method, a device for quantizing vector is disclosed. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the quantization of an input vector is done by introducing the modification vectors for the base codebook vectors, therefore the memory amount of the base codebook vectors is reduced effectively, and the calculation amount is merely the calculation amount required for going through N codebooks. Therefore, the complexity of the vector quantization could be decreased effectively.
Patent KR-20090059119-A (KR)
Title: Eccentric oscillating reduction gear and stabilizer shaft rotating device using eccentric oscillating reduction gear
Inventor: WANG HONGYOU
IPC: B60G21/055
Filed: 2007-09-20
Abstract: An eccentric oscillating reduction gear (11) produced at low cost without reduction in the ability of torque transmission. That portion of a case (12) that is in a region (50) in which inner teeth of the case (12) and outer teeth of a pinion (20) mesh with each other is adapted to be bendable in the direction of reducing the curvature radius of the case. Even if rotation of the pinion (20) causes a meshing load to be concentrated near a portion farthest from that portion of the meshing region (50) at which the inner and outer teeth ideally mesh, that portion of the case (12) that is near such a portion is bent in the direction of reducing the curvature radius. As a result, the meshing load is dispersed and equalized in the circumferential direction of the case (12).
Patent KR-20090064550-A (KR)
Title: Porous titanium oxide and method for producing the same
Inventor: WADA MASAYOSHI
IPC: A61K8/29
Filed: 2007-09-21
Abstract: Disclosed is a porous titanium oxide improved in ultraviolet protection ability, usability and transparency in the visible region. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a porous titanium oxide. The porous titanium oxide is obtained by adding an alkali into a titanium salt solution containing a polyhydric alcohol, and then heating and hydrolyzing the resulting. After addition of an alkali, an acid may be further added thereto and then the resulting is heated and hydrolyzed. Alternatively, after the heating and hydrolysis, the resulting may be subjected to a heat treatment with an acid. The porous titanium oxide has an average particle diameter of 0.01-1.0 mum and a specific surface area of not less than 50 m2/g.
Patent KR-20090093940-A (KR)
Title: Standalone positioning in 3g umts systems using an embedded or external gps chipset
Inventor: XIONG MICHELLE H
IPC: H04W64/00
Filed: 2007-10-15
Abstract: A communications device (101) for a 3G network (115) includes a user equipment (UE) processor (206) able to determine a standalone location based on a Standalone Position Method type or standalone position method transmitted in a radio resource control (RRC) measurement control message. The 3G network (115) may command the UE processor (206) to use a standalone positioning method by transmitting a standalone position method type or standalone position method command to the communications device (101). The UE processor (206) determines the standalone location using an internal positioning module (212) such as an embedded GPS chipset, or an external positioning module (218), such as a Bluetooth accessory.
Patent KR-20090103913-A (KR)
Title: RF Power Amplifier Stability Network
IPC: H05H1/36
Filed: 2007-10-23
Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) generator for applying RF power to a plasma chamber includes a DC power supply (B+). A radio frequency switch generates the RF power at a center frequency f0. A low-pass dissipative terminated network connects between the DC power supply (B+) and the switch and includes operates at a first cutoff frequency. The switch outputs a signal to an output network which improves the fidelity of the system. The output network generates an output signal fed to a high-pass subharmonic load isolation filter that passes RF power above a predetermined frequency. A low-pass harmonic load isolation filter may be inserted between the output network and the high-pass subharmonic load isolation filter, and a high-pass terminated network may connect to the output of the output network. The high-pass terminated network dissipates RF power above a predetermined frequency. An offline short or shunt network may connect between the output of the switch and the input of the output network for shorting the output of the switch at predetermined frequencies.
Patent KR-20090086626-A (KR)
Title: Power amplification device
Inventor: YAMAUCHI KAZUHISA
IPC: H03F3/24
Filed: 2007-12-05
Abstract: a DC power source for outputting a drain voltage; a Doherty amplifier which has a carrier amplifier and a peak amplifier connected in parallel and amplifies an RF signal; a voltage control circuit which outputs a first instruction so as to output a low voltage when the output power is below a predetermined value and a second instruction so as to output a high voltage when the output power is above the predetermined value; and a voltage conversion circuit which converts the drain voltage to a lower voltage and applies it to drain terminals of a carrier amplifier and a peak amplifier according to the first instruction and applies the drain voltage directly to the drain terminals of the carrier amplifier and the peak amplifier according to the second instruction. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009
Patent KR-20090083958-A (KR)
Title: Treatment of demyelinating disorders with soulble lymphotoxin-beta-receptor
Inventor: BROWNING JEFFREY L
IPC: C07K14/705
Filed: 2007-10-18
Abstract: Methods of treating a demyelinating disorder using inhibitors of the lymphotoxin pathway. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009
Patent KR-20090101222-A (KR)
Title: Modular intervertebral implant
Inventor: COPPES JUSTIN
IPC: A61L27/04
Filed: 2008-01-14
Abstract: An intervertebral implant component includes an inlay which fits into an endplate, where the inlay is prevented from moving relative to the endplate. Various embodiments of locking mechanisms for preventing movement are disclosed. In some preferred embodiments, a surgeon is able to see that the locking mechanism is properly engaged.
Patent KR-20090110316-A (KR)
Title: Glass for covering optical element and light-emitting device covered with glass
IPC: H01L33/56
Filed: 2008-02-06
Abstract: Disclosed is a glass for covering an optical element, which can seal an optical element at a temperature around 500°C. Also disclosed is a glass-covered light-emitting device which is covered with the glass. The glass essentially comprises 35 to 55% of TeO2, 20 to 50% of B2O3, 10 to 30% of ZnO and 0.1 to 5% of any one member selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, La2O3, Gd2O3 and Bi2O3 or a combination of two or more of them, has a (B2O3+ZnO)/TeO2 ratio of 0.9 or more, contains substantially no fluorine, and has a TeO2 content of 46% or less when the ZnO content is 15% or less, wherein each percentage is expressed on a molar basis in terms of oxide content.
Patent KR-20100084973-A (KR)
Title: Optical module
Inventor: TAMURA MITSUAKI
IPC: G02B6/42
Filed: 2008-11-21
Abstract: There is provided an optical module that does not cause dusting when an optical fiber is inserted into a fiber insertion hole. With this optical module, the reduction of optical coupling efficiency and the degradation of noise immunity characteristics are prevented. The optical module comprises a ferrule having a fiber insertion hole opened at an end face on which an electric circuit is formed, a photoelectric conversion element connected to the electric circuit and facing the insertion hole, and an optical fiber directly optically coupling with the photoelectric conversion element. The optical fiber includes a glass fiber and a protective coating, is positioned with respect to the insertion hole through the protective coating, and is held at the insertion hole while the glass fiber is not in contact with the insertion hole.
Patent KR-20100070311-A (KR)
Title: Method for producing liquid crystal composition
Inventor: KURISAWA KAZUKI
IPC: C09K19/02
Filed: 2008-10-28
Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a liquid crystal composition which is useful as a constituting member of a liquid crystal display device. This method for producing a liquid crystal composition is characterized in that two or more kinds of liquid crystal compounds, at least one of which has a melting point higher than 30°C, are irradiated with a microwave. This method for producing a liquid crystal composition enables to efficiently produce a liquid crystal composition wherein two or more kinds of liquid crystal compounds are mixed in a short time. A liquid crystal composition produced by this method has high reliability from the viewpoint of specific resistance.
Patent KR-20100007926-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor constructions, electronic systems, and methods of forming cross-point memory arrays
Inventor: MOULI CHANDRA
IPC: H01L21/822
Filed: 2008-04-08
Abstract: The present application concerns vertical stacks of memory units (14, 16, 18), with individual memory units each having a memory element (28), a wordline (22), a bitline (24) and at least one diode (26). The memory units may correspond to cross-point memory, and the diodes may correspond to band-gap engineered diodes containing two or more dielectric layers sandwiched between metal layers. Tunneling properties of the dielectric materials and carrier injection properties of the metals may be tailored to engineer desired properties into the diodes. The diodes may be placed between the bitlines and the memory elements, or may be placed between the wordlines and memory elements. Some embodiments include methods of forming cross-point memory arrays. The memory arrays may contain vertical stacks-of memory unit cells, with individual unit cells containing cross-point memory and at least one diode, and adjacent memory units being spaced from one another by a passivation material (20).
Patent KR-20100012874-A (KR)
Title: Programming error correction code into a solid state memory device with varying bits per cell
Inventor: ROOHPARVAR FRANKIE
IPC: G06F11/10
Filed: 2008-05-21
Abstract: Memory devices that, in a particular embodiment, receive and transmit analog data signals representative of bit patterns of two or more bits such as to facilitate increases in data transfer rates relative to devices communicating data signals indicative of individual bits. Programming error correction code (ECC) and metadata into such memory devices includes storing the ECC and metadata at different bit levels per cell based on an actual error rate of the cells. The ECC and metadata can be stored with the data block at a different bit level than the data block. If the area of memory in which the block of data is stored does not support the desired reliability for the ECC and metadata at a particular bit level, the ECC and metadata can be stored in other areas of the memory array at different bit levels.
Patent KR-20100010511-A (KR)
Title: Transport case for electronic component
Inventor: NAGAI KEN
IPC: B65D81/24
Filed: 2008-05-30
Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a transport case for an electronic component, which can reliably hold an electronic component, can remove static electricity to prevent breaking of the electronic component and the deposition of dust and can reduce the occurrence of a harmful gas (out gas) in the electronic component to a very low level. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A case body (1) comprises a body part (11) and a lid member (12). A sheet material (2) formed of a pressure-sensitive adhesive material comprising a curable composition comprising as indispensable components (A) a polyoxyalkylene polymer containing more than one alkenyl groups in its one molecule, (B) a compound containing at least two hydrosilyl groups in its one molecule, and (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst, is applied to the inner side bottom of the body part (11), and an electronic component (P) is attached to the sheet material (2) to stationarily house the electronic component (P).
Patent KR-20100083711-A (KR)
Title: Vending machine
Inventor: KASAI TAKESHI
IPC: G07F11/00
Filed: 2010-01-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A vending machine capable of enabling a user to check commodity contained in inside is provided to enable a user to check goods stacked on the top of a column. CONSTITUTION: If a rack(32) is drawn to a preset stop position, a temporary stopping unit temporarily makes the rack stop by being linked with the rack. A stop unit for a while separates the rack from the stop member. The rack is sent to the withdrawal position. The rack is stopped.
Patent KR-20110080291-A (KR)
Title: Control method of dual zone type air conditioner for vehicle
Inventor: KANG SUNG HO
IPC: B60H1/32
Filed: 2010-01-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A control method for a left and right independent air conditioning system for a vehicle is provided to offer pleasant environment by increasing wind load when controlling the temperature of left and right spaces independently and controlling a temperature control door according to the target temperature, thereby reaching the target temperature quickly, and to keep a seat without temperature controlled at the current state without a variation of temperature and wind load. CONSTITUTION: A control method for a left and right independent air conditioning system for a vehicle comprises the steps of: judging the cooling and heating loads of left and right spaces inside a vehicle; controlling an air conditioner to increase the wind load of the space with the relatively high cooling and heating loads; and controlling the opening of a temperature control door(130) of the space with the wind load increased according to the target temperature.
Patent KR-20110082344-A (KR)
Title: Secondary battery
Inventor: KIM DAE KYU
IPC: H01M50/171
Filed: 2010-01-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A secondary battery is provided to secure enough sealing property when a gasket is adhered to the outer circumference of a cap-up and a safety vent without the application of tar to an adhesive layer and to prevent the deformation of CID in the increase of internal pressure. CONSTITUTION: A secondary battery(100) comprises: an electrode assembly(110) in which two different electrodes and a separator interposed between the two different electrodes are laminated and wound; a can(120) accommodating the electrode assembly; a cap assembly(130) assembled on the upper part of the can; and a gasket(140) which is interposed between the cap assembly and the upper part of the can and maintains the insulation and the sealing between the cap assembly and the can.
Patent KR-20110083119-A (KR)
Title: Motor
Inventor: SMIRNOV VIATCHESLAV
IPC: H02K5/24
Filed: 2010-01-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A motor is provided to supply a preliminary load in an eccentric state by wheel effect, thereby enabling to make a load profile and load balance uniformly. CONSTITUTION: A motor(10) comprises a rotor case(22), a sleeve(52), and a sleeve housing(70). The rotor case is fixed to a shaft and rotates. The sleeve supports the shaft. The sleeve housing with an upper cap supports the sleeve. The upper cap has the diameter which is eccentric in an external diameter direction from the center of shaft. A pulling magnet is in outer circumference of the upper cap through an indentation and prevents a floating of the rotor case. The upper cap is press molded in order to have the eccentric diameter.
Patent KR-20110084001-A (KR)
Title: 결제 결과 제공 방법, 장치 및 시스템
Inventor: LEE JONG SOO
IPC: G06Q20/16
Filed: 2010-01-15
Abstract: 본 발명의 일 실시예는 결제 결과 제공 방법, 장치 및 시스템에 관한 것이다. 
본 발명의 일 실시예는 데이터 통신 커버리지로 진입한 이동통신 단말기를 인식하며, 인식된 상기 이동통신 단말기와 기 설정된 서버 간에 데이터 통신을 연결하며, 상기 이동통신 단말기의 단말기 식별자를 전송하는 액세스 포인트(AP); 및 수신된 상기 단말기 식별자에 근거하여 상기 액세스 포인트와 상기 이동통신 단말기 간의 데이터 통신 네트워크를 활성화시키며, 상기 이동통신 단말기의 가입자에 대한 결제 수행이 확인된 경우 상기 확인된 결제 수행 내역에 근거한 결제 결과 정보가 기 설정된 정보에 따라 식별된 특정 액세스 포인트를 통해 상기 이동통신 단말기로 전송되도록 하는 결제 서버를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 결제 결과 제공 시스템을 제공한다. 
본 발명의 일 실시예에 의하면, 사용자는 결제 결과를 이동통신 단말기로 제공받을 때, 이동통신사에서 제공하는 이동통신망을 이용하지 않기 때문에, SMS와 같이 부가 비용이 발생하지 않는 효과를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20110088007-A (KR)
Title: Composition comprising ursodeoxycholic acid for preventing or treating gastric cancer
Inventor: HAN SONG IY
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 2010-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition containing ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) for preventing or treating gastric cancer is provided to promote caspase activation and cell death receptor activation or expression. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing or treating gastric cancer contains 250-1000 uM of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) or salt thereof as an active ingredient. UDCA has an anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis through apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. A composition for inducing apoptosis contains UDCA or salt thereof as an active ingredient.
Patent KR-20110090604-A (KR)
Title: Method for mass production of human follicle stimulating hormone
Inventor: KIM CHANG HWAN
IPC: C12N15/85
Filed: 2010-02-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for producing a large amount of human follicle-stimulating hormone is provided to manufacture a therapeutic agent for infertility. CONSTITUTION: A method for producing a large amount of human follicle-stimulating hormone comprises: a step of transforming an animal cell line with an expression vector; and a step of culturing the animal cell line under the presence of DHFR inhibitor. The expression vector comprises: GC-rich repetitive sequence-deleted DHFR promoter and a gene encoding DHFR, which is operatively linked to the promoter; a promoter of CMV(cytomegalovirus) initial gene and a human follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit gene which is operatively linked to the promoter; and a CMV initial gene promoter or RSV(Rous sarcoma virus) promoter, and the human follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit gene which is operatively linked to the promoter.
Patent KR-20110092985-A (KR)
Title: Media management system and method
Inventor: KIM IG JAE
IPC: G06F9/06
Filed: 2010-02-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A media management system and method thereof are provided to easily upload and download streaming between a mobile device and an internet. CONSTITUTION: A server(102) transmits a media file to terminals(101,103). The media file includes media data, track data, and meta data between the media data and a terminal. The terminal includes a receiving module and a display module. The display module displays media data according to the meta data.
Patent KR-20110093074-A (KR)
Title: Degasser for rooftop waterproof rayer of concrete structure
Inventor: LEE SANG KEUN
IPC: E04D13/16
Filed: 2010-02-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A degassing apparatus for protecting a rooftop waterproof layer of a concrete structure is provided to extend the service life of a waterproof layer and a building by preventing rainwater from flowing into the building. CONSTITUTION: A degassing apparatus for protecting a rooftop waterproof layer of a concrete structure comprises a support unit(100), a degassing unit(200), and a cover unit(300). A coupling rod(120) with screw treads(122) is integrally welded in the support unit. A cutoff rod is inserted into the degassing unit and has a main body(210) and insertion holes(222). Vertical rods(250) are inserted into the insertion holes. The cover unit is placed on the main body of the degassing unit and protects the degassing unit. Multiple outlets(302) are formed in the cover unit and discharge gas to the outside.
Patent KR-20110096290-A (KR)
Title: Mounting assembly of stabilizer bar in active roll control system
Inventor: CHOI HYUN KYUNG
IPC: B60G21/055
Filed: 2010-02-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stabilizer bar mounting assembly at the active roll control system is provided to utilize the space between the complex peripherals of the vehicles lower part by forming the shape of the stabilizer bar into the multiple bending types. CONSTITUTION: A stabilizer bar mounting assembly(100) at the active roll control system comprises stabilizer bars(40a, 40b), an actuator, and an identity unit. The stabilizer bar is extended along the width direction of the vehicles and is connected to the left wheel and right wheel. The actuator changes the rigidity of the stabilizer bar according to the roll of the car body. The stabilizer has a multiple bending type shape. The stabilizer is connected to both sides of the actuator. The identity unit is mated with the rotary shaft of the stabilizer bar and rotary shaft of the actuator.
Patent KR-20110098294-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JONG YOUNG
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2010-02-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 터치스크린의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, PET 필름을 공급하는 단계와, 상기 PET 필름의 상부 및 하부에 각각 전도성 고분자 투명전극을 공급 및 인쇄하는 단계와, 상기 전도성 고분자 투명전극에 도전성 패턴을 인쇄하는 단계와, 상기 전도성 고분자 투명전극에 점착제를 공급하는 단계와, 상기 점착제에 보호필름을 공급하는 단계와, 상기 적층된 PET 필름, 전도성 고분자 투명전극, 도전성 패턴, 점착제 및 보호필름을 커팅하는 단계를 포함하고, 본 발명에 의하면 롤 타입 또는 졸 타입 공급수단에 의해 자동화공정으로 터치스크린의 제조가 가능한 터치스크린의 제조장치 및 제조방법을 얻을 수 있다.
Patent KR-20110098300-A (KR)
Inventor: JEONG SEON JU
IPC: H01L51/46
Filed: 2010-02-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 기판 및  상기 기판 상에 형성된 제1 전극 및 제2전극, 상기 제1전극과 상기 제2전극 사이에 형성되며, 정공수송층, 전자수송층 및 바이페닐계 화합물로 이루어진 광활성층을 포함하는 유기태양전지를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20100100674-A (KR)
Title: Electric fan and fan guard
Inventor: INAZUMI HIDEYOSHI
IPC: F04D25/08
Filed: 2010-03-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electric fan and a fan guard are provided to enable wind direction as well as wind speed to be changed and to enable the change of the wind speed and the wind direction to be easily made due to an accelerating wing. CONSTITUTION: An electric fan comprises a fan(1), a guard unit(2) and rectifying blades(3). The fan is installed on the head unit(80). The guard unit is divided into a front guard(2A) and a rear guard(2B). The front guard makes a circle when viewing from the front and has a bowl shape making evagination forward. The rear guard makes a circle when viewing from the front and has a bowl shape making evagination backward. The rectifying blades are radially extended around a round hole(7) when viewing from the front. The rectifying blades are arranged at regular intervals in a circumference direction.
Patent KR-20110100998-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI BYOUNG MIN
IPC: F41A19/60
Filed: 2010-03-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 발사관을 발사대에 접지시키는 발사관 접지장치에 관한 것으로, 발사대로부터 발사관의 표면으로 돌출 가능하게 구성되는 접지봉과, 접지봉과 발사대를 전기적으로 연결하는 접지선, 및 발사대에 설치되며, 접지봉을 발사관의 표면에 탄성적으로 가압하는 탄성부재를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20110101261-A (KR)
Title: 슬로싱 저감 방법, 및 그 시스템
Inventor: KWAK JONG HYUN
IPC: G01F23/00
Filed: 2010-03-06
Abstract: 유체 수송용 탱크의 파손이나, LNG 수송용 선박 등, 대형 선박의 파선을 가져오기도 하는 유체의 슬로싱 현상을 막기 위해, 내부에 슬로싱을 막기 위한 여러 형태의 칸막이를 설치하거나, 선박을 이중으로 제조하거나, 보다 두꺼운 강판으로 제조하는 등의 여러 방법을 사용하는 데, 이 때문에 선박의 제조 원가가 증가 되며, LNG 등의 수송 원가도 높아지고 있다. 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 선박의 파선이 심심치 않게 발생하여, 경제적 손실은 물론 환경에 커다란 악 영향을 끼치는 등 많은 문제점을 야기하고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 본 발명은 유체의 슬로싱에 의한 파괴력에 저항하는 원심력을 발생시키기 위해 유체를 회전시키는 슬로싱 저감 방법, 및 그 시스템을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20110102729-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM IL GYEOM
IPC: F24F7/08
Filed: 2010-03-11
Abstract: 본 발명의 일면에 의하면, 실내외의 온도를 측정하기 위한 온도측정부, 자연환기창의 창문 샤시가 개폐되었지를 감지하기 위한 창문개폐검출부, 창문개폐검출부에 의하여 자연환기창의 창문샤시의 문이 닫힌 경우에 있어서 온도측정부에 의하여 실내외 온도가 소정의 온도 이상으로 차이가 생길 경우 폐열회수를 통한 열교환과 동시에 환기가 이루어지도록 하기 위한 폐열회수교환부, 창문개폐검출부에 의하여 자연환기창의 창문샤시의 문이 닫힌 경우에 있어서 온도측정부에 의하여 실내외 온도가 소정의 온도 미만으로 차이가 있을 경우 자연환기가 가능하도록 하기 위하여 자연환기창의 창문샤시의 일측에 구비된 자연환기부, 폐열회수교환부와 자연환기부에 전원을 공급하기 위한 전원공급부, 및 이들을 제어하기 위한 제어부를 포함하는 에너지 절감을 위한 하이브리드 환기시스템이 제공된다.
Patent KR-20110106085-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM YUN SIK
IPC: B21D51/04
Filed: 2010-03-22
Abstract: 탱크 제작에 사용되는 금속 판재를 인양하여 자중에 의해 판재의 양단부가 하부로 처지도록 하여 별도의 절곡 장치 없이 원통형의 탱크를 제작할 수 있는 탱크 제조 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명에 따른 탱크 제조 방법은 판재를 절곡하여 원통형 탱크를 제조하는 방법으로서, 판재(10)를 인양하여 상기 판재(10)의 양단부가 지면 방향으로 처지게 한 후, 판재(10)의 양단부를 서로 맞대어 고정시키는 것을 특징으로 한다.