baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2007181051-A (JP)
Title: Image encoding device and method
Inventor: ISOMURA MASAICHI
IPC: H04N1/413
Filed: 2005-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image encoding device which is capable of ensuring that pixel data are encoded at the compression rate above a specified rate.  <P>SOLUTION: The device includes an irreversible encoding unit 110 which represents pixel data concerning encoding object pixels by fixed length codes at the specified compression rate and encodes the pixel data in an irreversible mode, a reversible encoding unit 120 which encodes the pixel data concerning encoding object pixels in a reversible mode making surplus codes for the fixed length codes remain when the compression rate of the pixel data concerning the encoding object pixels becomes higher than the specified compression rate or encodes the pixel data concerning the encoding object pixels in a reversible mode consuming the surplus codes added to the fixed length codes when the compression rate of the pixel data concerning the encoding object pixels becomes lower than the specified compression rate, a surplus code counter 140 which counts up the surplus codes and counts down the consumed surplus codes when the pixel data are encoded by the reversible encoding unit 120, and an encoding control unit 150 which makes the reversible encoding unit 120 continue an encoding operation within a range in which the count of the surplus code counter 140 does not amount to a value that indicates the compression rate lower than the specified compression rate.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007177177-A (JP)
Title: Ink composition, inkjet recording method, method for producing lithographic printing plate, and lithographic printing plate
Inventor: NAKAMURA IPPEI
IPC: C09D11/00
Filed: 2005-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ink composition hardenable with high sensitivity by irradiation with active radiation to form a high-quality image, and giving a sufficiently flexible hardened product obtained by the hardening of ink; an inkjet recording method using the composition; a lithographic printing plate capable of forming a high-quality image prepared by the ink composition and having excellent plate life; and a production method of the printing plate.  <P>SOLUTION: The ink composition comprises (A) a polymerization initiator, (B-1) an ester or amide of monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid having alkylene oxide repeating unit in the molecule, (B-2) a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having a weight-average molecular weight of <360, and (C) a coloring material. The composition is suitable for inkjet recording.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2006506603-A (JP)
Title: 発熱デバイスを冷却するための効率的な垂直流体輸送のための方法及び装置
IPC: G06Q20/20
Filed: 2003-10-22
Abstract: 熱交換器及びその製造方法は、熱源を冷却する接触層（１０２）を備える。接触層は、熱源に連結され、流体が流されるように構成される。更に、熱交換器は、接触層に連結されるマニホルド層（１０６）を備える。マニホルド層は個別化された孔の第１の組に連結され、第１の組を介して、流体を流通させる少なくとも１つの第１のポートを備える。更に、マニホルド層は、個別化された孔の第２の組（１１８Ｅ）に連結され、第２の組を介して流体を流通させる少なくとも１つの第２のポートを備える。第１の組の孔及び第２の組の孔は、熱源を適切に冷却するために、第１及び第２のポートの間で最短の流路距離を実現するように配置される。好ましくは、第１の組の各孔は、第２の組の各孔に対して、最も近い最適の距離に配置される。
Patent JP-2006512032-A (JP)
Title: 微小周波数オフセットのＰｏｓｔ−ＦＦＴ補正を達成する装置及び関連方法
IPC: C11D17/06
Filed: 2003-12-17
Abstract: 直交周波数分割多重（OFDM）システム（100）では、エアインタフェースを経たOFDM信号の受信機が、エアインタフェースのフレーム構造と部分的な周波数オフセット（例えば単一インタキャリア間隔より小さい周波数オフセット）を効率的に予測できるPost-FFT受信機のアルゴリズム（106）に含まれるトレーニングシンボル（110）を定義する。アルゴリズムは、増大したハードウェアの複雑性を使用する大きな周波数オフセット（例えば単一インタキャリア間隔より大きいもの）（126と128）を予測するために補正しても良い。アルゴリズムは、その最も簡単な実施形態では相関器のブロックを必要としない。周波数の検出そのものは、SNRが非常に低い環境での優れたパフォーマンスを特徴とする。しかしながら、ノイズに加えてタイミングエラーがある場合、システムパラメータは低いSNRで十分に良い性能を確固たるものにするように設計されても良い。
Patent JP-2006515491-A (JP)
Title: 広帯域無線接続通信システムにおけるスリープモード及びアウェイクモードでの状態遷移を制御するシステム及び方法
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2004-04-30
Abstract: スリープモードとアウェイクモードとを有する広帯域無線接続通信システムを提供する。加入者端末機は、加入者端末機から基地局へのスリープ要求に対する基地局の拒否応答が受信されると、スリープモードを制御する。基地局からの拒否応答が受信されると、加入者端末機は、待機期間の経過の後、基地局へスリープ要求を再伝送する。基地局からの拒否応答が受信されると、加入者端末機は、基地局からスリープ要求に対する非要求応答を受信するときまで基地局へスリープ要求を再伝送しない。
Patent JP-2006512878-A (JP)
Title: 移動通信システムにおけるブロードキャスト／マルチキャストサービスのための状態情報を提供する方法及びシステム
IPC: H04W4/06
Filed: 2004-09-16
Abstract: 移動端末からのＢＣＭＣＳサービス要請に応じて、基地局は、要請されたＢＣＭＣＳサービスが可能であるか否かを別途に通知する。従って、基地局は、放送オーバーヘッドメッセージに実際の放送に必要な放送チャンネル情報のみを含むことができ、ＢＣＭＣＳサービスが中断又は不能状態である場合、基地局は、移動端末にＢＣＭＣＳサービスの中止を知らせることができ、これによって、システム資源の負荷を減少させることができる。
Patent JP-2006519721-A (JP)
Title: ワイパブレードとワイパアームとを枢着結合するアダプタ
IPC: B60S1/40
Filed: 2005-02-11
Abstract: 本発明は、ワイパブレード（２４）とワイパアーム（１０）とをサイドロック系によって枢着結合するアダプタ（３８，６６）であって、アダプタ（３８，６６）が、長手方向にスリットを備えているほぼ円筒形の支承エレメント（４０，６８）を有していて、該支承エレメント（４０，６８）が、ワイパブレード（２４）の懸吊ボックス（２８）の側壁（３０）に設けられた貫通開口（３４）に挿入可能であり、かつ第１の端部における係止フック（５０）を用いて、貫通開口（３４）の縁部において固定可能であり、支承エレメント（４０，６８）がその第２の端部で接触面（５４，７８）と結合されており、該接触面（５４，７８）が対向して位置している側壁（３０）の外側に接触していて、少なくとも１つのクリップ（５８，８０）によって回動を防止されている形式のものにおいて、クリップ（５８，８０）が係止突起（６０）を有しており、該係止突起（６０）が支承エレメントの方向で突出していて、取付け時に懸吊ボックス（２８）の、対応配置された側壁（３０）の縁部に係止するようになっている。
Patent JP-2007181891-A (JP)
Title: Cutting tool exchange type rotary tool, exchange cutting tool used for cutting tool exchange type rotary tool and holder
Inventor: OSAWA JIRO
IPC: B23C5/26
Filed: 2006-01-06
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting tool exchange type rotary tool devised capable of sufficiently securing transmission torque between an exchange cutting tool and a shank.  <P>SOLUTION: A pair of engaging recessed parts 22a, 24a is provided on a mounting surface 20 of the exchange cutting tool 14 so as to be respectively inclined in the opposite directions at an angle θ1=θ2=5° against a flat surface (mounting surface 20) in parallel with each other to be point-symmetrical with each other against a shaft center ○<SB>1</SB>and at right angles with the shaft center ○<SB>1</SB>, and centering is automatically carried out in accordance with inclination in the opposite directions as they are fitted in engaging protruded parts provided on a head end surface of the shank in correspondence with these engaging recessed parts 22a, 24a and pressurized to each other by screw fastening. Additionally, it is possible to freely set shapes of the engaging recessed parts 22a, 24a and the engaging protruded parts as the centering is carried out in accordance with the inclination in the opposite directions, and it is possible to secure the large transmission torque by making a surface shape suitable for torque transmission with a large shaft cross-section area.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007186550-A (JP)
Title: Rubber composition for reinforcement of side part of tire and run flat tire
Inventor: HOCHI KAZUO
IPC: C08K3/36
Filed: 2006-01-11
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rubber composition for the reinforcement of the side part of a tire keeping the tensile elongation at break and improving run flat drivability.  <P>SOLUTION: The rubber composition for the reinforcement of the side part of a tire is produced by compounding 100 pts.wt. of a rubber composition composed of 20-80 pts.wt. of natural rubber and/or isoprene rubber and 80-20 pts.wt. of butadiene rubber containing syndiotactic crystals with 5-50 pts.wt. of silica having a pH of 7.0-12.0 as 5% aqueous solution.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007185289-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: OKADA KAZUO
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2006-01-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine which enables players to easily sustain their desires for games continuously.  <P>SOLUTION: When a ready for win state occurs simultaneously on more than one of a plurality of winning lines comprising a plurality of pieces of identifying information, an identifying information stopping game which enables the identifying information being variably displayed to be stopped and displayed by the operation of a stop operation button 84 is executed. When the stop operation button 84 is operated to stop with the stoppable identifying information set by a sub CPU 206 matched with the identifying information selected by a player using stop position selection buttons 85a and 85b, the selected identifying information is stopped and displayed at this stop operation timing. This enables the players to raise a desire for finding out the stoppable identifying information.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2006193149-A (JP)
Title: Negative pressure type brake booster
Inventor: LANGE ROBERT
IPC: B60T13/56
Filed: 2006-01-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brake booster, of simple structure, that can be manufactured at low cost.  <P>SOLUTION: A brake booster housing 4 is parted by a work piston 6 to a negative pressure chamber 12 and a work chamber 11. A negative pressure pump 30 is incorporated in the brake booster housing 4, or attached to an outer part of the brake booster housing 4.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2007194018-A (JP)
Title: Lithium secondary battery
Inventor: YOSHIMURA SEIJI
IPC: H01M4/505
Filed: 2006-01-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lithium secondary battery with excellent preservation characteristics, in one using lithium manganate of a spinel structure as a cathode active material.  <P>SOLUTION: In the lithium secondary battery provided with a cathode containing lithium manganate of a spinel structure as a cathode active material, an anode, nonaqueous electrolyte, a battery case for housing the cathode, the anode and the nonaqueous electrolyte, and a gasket for shutting off an inside and an outside of the battery case, the gasket is formed of polyether ether ketone or polyphenylene sulfide, on the surface of which a water-repellent made of silicon resin or asphalt pitch is coated.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007190763-A (JP)
Title: Device for manufacturing contact-bonding postcard
Inventor: NIINUMA HIDEYOSHI
IPC: B42D15/02
Filed: 2006-01-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a contact-bonding device with excellent performance which can easily apply a powder adhesive to a plurality of kinds of contact-bonding postcard paper of differing paper classification, and allows temporary anchorage of the adhesive and contact-bonds the postcard sheet.  <P>SOLUTION: Data on three different kinds of processing modes corresponding to four different kinds of postcards, i.e. a postcard 1, a postcard 2 and a postcard 3 and a postcard 4, are stored in EEPROM data table 30 of a control device. According to the data of these processing modes, the thin postcard 1 with 80 μm thickness and coarse texture is treated at 168°C temporary anchoring temperature, 178°C contact-bonding temperature and with 900 v transfer bias, and the comparatively thin postcard 2 of fine quality paper with 80 μm thickness, is treated at 168°C temporary anchoring temperature, 178°C contact-bonding temperature and with 1,200 v transfer bias. Further, the postcard 3 of fine quality paper with 120 μm ordinary thickness, is treated at 178°C temporary anchoring temperature, 188°C contact-bonding temperature and with 1,400 v transfer bias, and the postcard 4 of comparatively thicker fine quality paper with 150 μm thickness, is treated at 188°C temporary anchoring temperature, 198°C contact-bonding temperature and with 1,700 v transfer bias.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007195055-A (JP)
Title: Signal transmitter
Inventor: MATSUMOTO TAKEHIDE
IPC: H04L25/03
Filed: 2006-01-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inhibit the fluctuation with time of the edge of a signal generated by a cross talk regarding a signal transmitter.  <P>SOLUTION: The signal transmitter has a transmitting section transmitting a plurality of the signals and a receiving section receiving a plurality of the signals. The signal transmitter further has a cable housing a plurality of wirings transmitting a plurality of the signals output from the transmitting section to the receiving section respectively, and at least two delays delaying the signals. A first delay is arranged between the transmitting section and a first wiring in the cable transmitting a first signal, and a second delay is arranged between a second wiring in the cable transmitting a second signal and the receiving section. The propagation delay times of the first wiring for the cable and the second wiring for the cable are equalized, and the signal delay times of the first delay and the second delay are equalized. The first signal and the second signal are transmitted in the cable at timings displaced by the delay times of the delays.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2006191123-A (JP)
Title: Piezoelectric fan, cooling device using the same, and driving method therefor
Inventor: YAMAMOTO MITSURU
IPC: G06F1/20
Filed: 2006-01-23
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling device which is easily assembled and mounted to an electronic apparatus, is superior in thermal conduction efficiency and radiation performance, and is thinned in structure as a whole, by making the overall shape a flat plate shape or making an air-cooling part close to a flat plate shape.  <P>SOLUTION: A piezoelectric fan provided in an air-cooling means that is used in the cooling device of the electronic apparatus, has a structure in which an air blowing flat plate 202 is vertically vibrated by voltage control for a piezoelectric material 201 to blow air, and also has a structure in which elastic modulus of the material of the air-blowing flat plate 202 is made different by location.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
Patent JP-2007199815-A (JP)
Title: Memory control device and memory control method
Inventor: MATSUTANI TAKASHI
IPC: G06F13/362
Filed: 2006-01-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology capable of avoiding restriction of data transfer and operating each processing part efficiently, in an electronic device for performing data transfer between a plurality of processing parts and a memory.  <P>SOLUTION: The order of priority of data transfer to each channel is changed based on a relation between a data residual amount in FIFO buffers 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51 and a threshold TH. Hereby, each processing part 20, 30, 40, 50 can be operated efficiently by preventing data accumulation in the FIFO buffers 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51 from being removed, or by preventing the FIFO buffers 21, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51 from being filled with data.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007201003-A (JP)
Title: Method of manufacturing semiconductor substrate, method of manufacturing semiconductor device, and semiconductor device
Inventor: HARA HISAKI
IPC: H01L21/76
Filed: 2006-01-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor substrate which can manufacture a semiconductor substrate so that its size (area) is small, and to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, and the semiconductor device.  <P>SOLUTION: In the method of manufacturing the semiconductor substrate 41, a first supporter hole 21 and a second supporter hole 22 are first formed on a boundary between a first element isolation layer 12 and an SOI element forming region 13. Then, a supporter forming layer 27 is formed so as to cover the insides of the supporter holes 21, 22 and the top of a silicon layer 16, and after that, a supporter 26 is formed. By forming the first and second supporter holes 21 and 22 on the boundary, the areas of the supporter holes 21, 22 in the SOI element forming region 13 can be reduced.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007196098-A (JP)
Title: Multilayer coating method
Inventor: OTSUBO HIDEKI
IPC: B05D7/00
Filed: 2006-01-24
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multilayer sequential coating method which does not generate the application failure and does not deteriorate the roll performance by controlling the generation of foam.  <P>SOLUTION: In the multilayer sequential coating method which coats the second layer using the gravure coating system after the first layer is coated on the web in applying the coating liquid on the web, it is characterized by pressing the gravure roll which is narrower than the width of the coating of the first layer to the first layer and applying the same.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007202309-A (JP)
Title: Cooling structure of power semiconductor element and invertor
Inventor: KITAMI AKIO
IPC: H02M7/48
Filed: 2006-01-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling structure of a power semiconductor element which can control the temperature of the element easily and properly while attaining a size reduction, and to provide an invertor.  <P>SOLUTION: The cooling structure of the power semiconductor element is equipped with a plurality of chips 31 loaded on a loading surface, a cooling water channel 26 formed facing the loading surface, and fins 41 provided projecting from the inner wall of the cooling water channel 26 into the cooling water channel 26. The cooling water channel 26 has a straight portion 15 extending linearly and a connector 16 extending while bending. The fin 41 has a straight fin 42 and a wavy fin 43. The wavy fin 43 is arranged in a division of a portion of the straight portion 15. A chip 31 includes a chip 31D arranged facing the connector 16. The cooling structure of the power semiconductor element is furthermore equipped with a controller which controls the current flowing in the chip 31 based on the temperature information of the chip 31D.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007198022-A (JP)
Title: Adjusting method of growth base material and slope face seeding and planting construction method
Inventor: YOSHIDA HIROSHI
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 2006-01-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adjusting method of a growth base material capable of easily adjusting a material to the growth base material capable of forcibly feeding earth generated at a site by using air, and capable of preparing a growth base suitable even for germination growth of woody plants including spontaneous species.  <P>SOLUTION: This adjusting method of the growth base material adjusts the material to the growth base material capable of force feed in a pipe by air, by mixing and agitating a porous aggregate and/or a water absorptive-moisture absorptive material with and in the earth generated at the site, passed through a predetermined sieve.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007201358-A (JP)
Title: Electronic device case
Inventor: KANEKO NAOKO
IPC: H05K7/04
Filed: 2006-01-30
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To save a die manufacturing cost and to easily manage a die and a cover component by making a cover be in common to various kinds of internal connectors in an electronic device case.  <P>SOLUTION: A case main body 11 has a roughly rectangular bottom wall 12, a pair of side walls 13 and 14 of the bottom wall 12, and an end wall 15. A first opening 23 is formed at the end on the opposite side of the end wall 15. On the substrate 1, the internal connector 3 to which an external connector can be connected is provided on the end on the side of the first opening 23. On the cover 31, a second opening 43 to which the external connector can be inserted from above is formed at the end on the side of either one of the first opening 23 and the end wall 15 of the case main body 11. The cover 31 can be attached to the case main body 11 selected in a first attaching state wherein the second opening 43 is positioned on the side of the first opening 23 and a second attaching state wherein the second opening 43 is positioned on the side of the end wall 15.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007207288-A (JP)
Title: Paper base material for forming recording medium
Inventor: UMEYAMA HIROSHI
IPC: G11B7/2538
Filed: 2006-01-31
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a paper base material for forming a recording medium wherein the surface thereof is smooth and warpage of the base material and aggravation of surface smoothness thereof are not generated even when being reserved in the condition of high temperature and high humidity and which is stable even when a recording layer is formed on the paper base material to constitute a recording medium.  <P>SOLUTION: The paper base material wherein two or more papers are layered and the layered papers are sandwiched between plastics films is characterized in that the layered papers are layered so that the fronts and backs of the papers positioned in the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer are symmetrical. A plastics material can be reduced as compared with a conventional optical disk.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007202820-A (JP)
Title: Standing-up support apparatus
Inventor: KAZUNO HIROKI
IPC: A61G7/00
Filed: 2006-02-02
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a standing-up support apparatus reducing muscle power burdens during a standing-up action for a user in the state of an upright sitting position, guiding an attitude for performing the standing-up action by himself/herself or making him/her learn it, further preventing hands from being occupied by eliminating the need of holding a switch in hand and incorporating a switch operation in natural actions during the standing-up action.  <P>SOLUTION: In the standing-up support apparatus 5 installed to a motor-driven bed 1 provided with an elevating and lowering device for elevating and lowering a bed part, two operation switches 4 of the elevating and lowering device of the motor-driven bed 1 are provided to a part for the user to stand up utilizing hands, and the elevating operation of the bed part is performed by the elevating and lowering device when the two switches 4 are simultaneously depressed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2007208736-A (JP)
Title: Method and device for color processing
Inventor: MATSUOKA HIROCHIKA
IPC: H04N1/46
Filed: 2006-02-02
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize good gradation reproduction in various color conversions, such as color conversion by mapping, and that from a device independent color to a device color.  <P>SOLUTION: The color gamut information of mapping original and mapping destination is acquired. Based on the color gamut information of the mapping original, a mapping object color M is set in color gamut of the mapping original corresponding to the lattice intersection of a color conversion table (S501). A color hue value of the mapping object color M is changed to generate a proximity color Ni of the mapping color M (S502). Based on the color gamut information of the mapping original and mapping destination, the mapping object color M and the proximity color Ni are mapped in the color gamut of the mapping destination (S503). The mapping color of color gamut of the mapping destination corresponding to the mapping object color is calculated from the mapping result of the mapping object color M and the proximity color Ni (S504).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2006317903-A (JP)
Title: Electro-optical device, manufacturing method thereof and electronic equipment
Inventor: YAMAZAKI KOJI
IPC: G02F1/1345
Filed: 2006-02-03
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify a lamination structure and a manufacturing process and to enable high quality display in an electro-optical device such as a liquid crystal device.  <P>SOLUTION: The electro-optical device has data lines, scanning lines, pixel-switching thin film transistors disposed below the data lines and storage capacitors each having fixed potential side electrode, a dielectric layer, and pixel-potential side electrode that are disposed in an area including a region opposed to a channel region of the pixel-switching thin film transistor when two-dimensionally viewed on a substrate and disposed above the data lines. A pixel electrode is disposed above the storage capacitor for each pixel and a peripheral circuit is disposed in a peripheral area located around a pixel array area in which the pixels are arranged. The dielectric layer is formed, when two-dimensionally viewed on the substrate, in a non-opened area located between opened areas of the pixels and a peripheral dielectric layer area including a region opposed to the channel region of a peripheral-circuit thin film transistor which is disposed below the storage capacitor and constitutes the peripheral circuit.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT