Patent GB-694074-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture and use of stable artificial resin emulsions
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1951-09-04
Abstract: A stable artificial resin emulsion is prepared by mixing a solution of a hardenable water-insoluble artificial resin in an organic solvent with an aqueous medium containing a reaction product of a protein with an alkylene oxide; the artificial resin used is a phenoplast or a methylol compound of a substance of amide character capable of forming a hardenable aminoplast with formaldehyde, in which methylol compound the oxygen atom of at least one methylol group is bound to an organic residue having more than three carbon atoms.  To form the resin the condensation product of formaldehyde with urea, thiourea, guanidine, biuret, dicyandiamide, melamine, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine or formoguanamine may be etherized with butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, octadecyl alcohol or benzyl alcohol, or esterified with pelargonic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, cerotic acid, stearic acid, fatty acid second runnings or colophony.  Suitable organic solvents are the alcohols mentioned above or benzine, xylene, toluene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, white spirit or paraffin wax.  The protein-alkylene oxide reaction product may be prepared by dissolving fish glue, casein or gelatins in a basic solution and adding ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or epichlorhydrin (see Group IV (b)).  Emulsification may be effected by adding the artificial resin solution to the aqueous medium with stirring, if desired at raised temperature.  Hardening catalysts, e.g. formic acid or ammonium thiocyanate, may be added to the emulsions to increase the water-resistance of films formed on drying.  The emulsions may be thickened by adding gum tragacanth, starch, methyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, or by forming three-phase emulsions by the addition of benzine, white spirit, benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, tetrahydronaphthalene, dipentene, turpentine or trichlorethylene.  The emulsions may be used as adhesives, for impregnating textiles or paper, or for fixing pigments on textile fabrics (see Group IV (c)).ALSO:A protein is reacted with an alkylene oxide to form a product suitable for emulsifying an artificial resin in an aqueous medium (see Groups III and IV (a)).  Fish glue, soya casein, milk casein, lactalbumen-free acid casein or gelatine is dissolved in water containing sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, triethanolamine, morpholine, cyclohexylamine, borax, sodium carbonate or trisodium phosphate, and the alkylene oxide is added. Ethylene oxide (in gaseous form), propylene oxide or epichlorhydrin (dissolved in alcohol) may be used.ALSO:Pigments are fixed on textile fabrics by using an artificial resin emulsion prepared by mixing a solution of a hardenable water-insoluble artificial resin in an organic solvent with an aqueous medium containing a reaction product of a protein with an alkylene oxide (see Groups III and IV (a)).  In an example an emulsion of a condensation product of melamine and formaldehyde etherified with butyl alcohol is mixed with an aqueous dispersion of copper phthalocyanine pigment and sulphonated castor oil, and with ammonium thiocyanate as a hardening catalyst; the emulsifying and dispersing agent is formed by reacting an ammonia solution of casein with ethylene oxide.  The mixture is combined with an emulsion thickener containing benzene, ethylene glycol and water, and is used for printing a cotton fabric.ALSO:A stable artificial resin emulsion is prepared by mixing a solution of a hardenable water-insoluble artificial resin in an organic solvent with an aqueous medium containing a reaction product of a protein with an alkylene oxide; the artificial resin used is a phenoplast or a methylol compound of a substance of amide character capable of forming a hardenable aminoplast with formaldehyde, in which methylol compound the oxygen atom of at least one methylol group is bound to an organic residue having more than three carbon atoms.  To form the resin the condensation product of formaldehyde with urea, thiourea, guanidine biuret, dicyandiamide, melamine, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine, or formoguanamine may be etherified by butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, octadecyl alcohol or benzyl alcohol, or esterified with pelargonic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, cerotic acid, stearic acid, fatty acid second runnings, or colophony.  Suitable organic solvents are the alcohols mentioned above or zenzine, xylene, toluene, chlorebenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, white spirit, or paraffin wax.  The protein-alkylene oxide reaction product may be prepared by dissolving fish glue, casein, or gelatine in a basic solution and adding ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or epichlorhydrin (see Group IV(b)). Emulsification may be effected by adding the artificial resin solution to the aqueous medium with stirring, if desired at raised temperature.  Hardening catalysts, e.g. formic acid or ammonium thiocyanate, may be added to the emulsions to increase the water-resistance of films formed on drying.  The emulsions may be thickened by adding gum tragacanth, starch, methyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, or by forming three-phase emulsions by the addition of benzine, white spirit, benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, tetrahydronapthalene, dipentene, turpentine or trichlorethylene. The emulsions may be used as adhesives, for impregnating textiles or paper, or for fixing pigments on textile fabrics (see Group IV(c)).