Patent GB-639551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of preparing polybasic polymers from polysaturated fatty acids and the polybasic polymers resulting therefrom
IPC: C08F20/64
Filed: 1947-02-12
Abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the type obtainable by the hydrolysis of drying or semi-drying fatty oils are polymerized by heating with steam under pressure.  As an alternative to steam a small amount of water, e.g. a few per cent, may be used. Catalysts, e.g. mercuric and lead acetate, anthraquinone and Raney nickel may be present. Products are mainly dimers with a small proportion of trimers.  For further details of the reaction and the acids to be employed see Group IV(b).  Specification 639,550 is referred to.ALSO:Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the type obtainable by the hydrolysis of linseed oil are polymerized by heating with steam under pressure, (see Group IV (b)), and may then be heated at polymerisation temperatures with an equivalent weight of ethylene diamine to produce resinous products.  In example (1) the polymerized acid obtained from linseed oil fatty acids is heated with a chemical equivalent quantity of ethylene diamine first at 150 DEG  C. for 1 1/2 hours and then at 200 DEG  to 210 DEG  C. for one hour to give a polyamide condensation product.ALSO:Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the type obtainable by the hydrolysis of drying or semi-drying fatty oils are polymerized by heating with steam under pressure.  As an alternative to steam a small amount of water, e.g. a few per cent, may be used. Temperatures instanced are at least 260 DEG  C., preferably 330 DEG  to 360 DEG  C., pressures of steam instanced range from 40 to 400 lbs./sq. inch and are preferably 80 to 300 lbs./sq. inch and heating times vary with temperatures and pressures, but are usually within the range 3 to 8 hours.  Catalysts, e.g. mercuric and lead acetate, anthraquinone and Raney nickel may be present, mercuric acetate and Raney nickel giving the best results. Saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids normally obtained associated with the starting material may be removed either before the process by e.g. chilling, pressing or solvent extraction, or afterwards when the products are isolated by vacuum distillation. The process results in a high percentage of dimeric compounds with some trimers, the steam or water preventing decarboxylation, the percentages of dimers and trimers being determined by the molecular distillation of the methyl esters of products obtained from soy-bean, linseed and cottonseed fatty acids.  In examples: (1) linseed fatty acids of iodine value 190 and free fatty acid content of 99 per cent (as oleic) are heated for 7 1/2 hours at 350 DEG  C. and steam pressure of 380-463 lbs./sq. inch, samples being taken every hour and the neutralization equivalent determined, the product being isolated by vacuum distillation; (2) linseed oil fatty acids are heated for 3 hours at 350 DEG  C. under a steam pressure of 85 lbs./sq. inch in the presence of anthraquinone; (3) sardine oil is hydrolysed by heating with water at 260 DEG  C. under pressure and the wet fatty acids obtained are heated for 4 1/2 hours at 350 DEG  C. at a pressure of 250 lbs./sq. inch, the product being isolated by vacuum distillation; (4) linseed oil fatty acids are heated for 7 hours at 350 DEG  C. under a steam pressure of 300 to 400 lbs./sq. inch in the presence of lead and mercury acetates to give a product which is isolated as above; and in (5) soy-bean oil fatty acids are heated for 6 hours at 350 DEG  C. under a steam pressure of 300 lbs./sq. inch and the product obtained by vacuum distillation.  Specification 639,550 is referred to.