Patent GB-1180610-A (GB)
Title: Method and Means for Copying Printed Material
Inventor: HAMMONDS JOHN EDWARD
IPC: B41M5/00
Filed: 1967-05-05
Abstract: 1,180,610. Printing processes. J. E. HAMMONDS. 5 May, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 21090/67. Heading B6C. Copying documents.-In a method of copying documents utilizing differential adhesion, a document bearing printed indicia is brought into contact with an impression sheet comprising a layer of elastomeric material affixed to a substrate, the elastomeric material exhibiting a differential in adhesive bond strength between the inked and uninked areas of the document, the differential being such that the greater of the adhesive bond strengths is sufficient to cause a deformation in the elastomer but insufficient to deform the surface of the document, whereas the lesser of the adhesive bond strengths is insufficient to cause deformation in the elastomer. When the document and impression sheet are separated, a pattern of deformed and undeformed areas corresponding to a mirror image of the printed indicia remains on the surface of the elastomer. The image may be temporary, and may be fixed by a thin film of a polymer. The greater of the adhesive bond strengths is preferably that between the inked areas and the elastomer. The elastomer and the substrate may be transparent. Printing processes.-A partially deformed transparent impression sheet may be developed by applying a pigmented powder or liquid developer to the elastomer surface, which developer adheres only to the deformed areas. An opaque backing sheet of a colour contrasting with that of the developer may then be applied to the surface of the elastomer, whereby a true copy of the document is obtained, viewed through the impression sheet. A copy sheet assembly (Fig. 8, not shown), may be formed of an impression sheet (27) and a backing sheet (24) joined at one end (29) and separated by a release sheet (28) comprising a film coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, polypropylene or polyvinylidene chloride. Alternatively, a lantern slide may be formed by applying either a transparent backing sheet or no backing sheet. The elastomer need not be developed if the elastomer is such that the deformed areas become opaque. A black backing sheet may then be applied to the surface of the elastomer to form a white-onblack copy. The impression sheet substrate may be a thin polymeric film such as polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate or cellulose triacetate, or, particularly for lantern slides, it may be rigid, such as polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride sheets, or polytetrafluoroethylene glass. The surface of the substrate may be treated to receive the elastomer, e.g. with flash-dried casein. The elastomer must exhibit hysteresis under unloading after stress, typical examples being styrene-butadiene rubbers, nitrile-butadiene rubbers, modified nitrile-butadiene rubbers, polyisobutylene, modified polyisobutylene, including small quantities of isoprene or cyclopentadiene or chloroprene, polyurethane, polyisoprene rubbers, ethylene-propylene copolymer rubbers, or polybutadiene. The elastomer is preferably deposited from solution in a volatile solvent such as hexane, toluene, xylene, or a ketone or ether. The fixing film, if applied, may be polyvinylpyrrolidone applied from methyl alcohol solution, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose from water solution, or shellac from alcoholammoniated water solution. The developer may be carbon black or aluminium powder or Indian ink. Printing plates.-The partially deformed impression sheet may be employed as a planographic or hectographic printing plate, by using a suitable developer. If stamp pad ink is used, copies of the document may be made by contacting a copy sheet with the developed impression sheet. Alternatively, gentian violet may be used and the impression sheet used as a master for hectographic duplicating.