Patent GB-584800-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the production of addition agents for lubricants
IPC: C07C2/86
Filed: 1944-05-02
Abstract: Condensation products made by adding a halogenated aliphatic material having more than 10 carbon atoms to a mixture of an aromatic compound, a Friedel-Crafts' catalyst, and a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, liquid and inert under the reaction conditions, the product of the per cent. of catalyst, based on the weight of the said halogenated aliphatic material, and the square of the per cent. by weight of halogen in said material being at least 400, are extracted with a solvent for halogenated hydrocarbons and the products incorporated in mineral lubricants to improve viscosity index and depress pour point as described in Specification 562,714.  This Specification describes the preparation of the condensation products but is limited to the use of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Other halogenated aliphatic materials which may be used are chlorinated beeswax, and chlorinated derivatives of substantially saturated hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene.ALSO:High molecular weight condensation products made by adding a halogenated aliphatic material having more than 10 carbon atoms to a mixture of an aromatic compound, a Friedel-Crafts' catalyst, and low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, liquid and inert under the reaction conditions, the product of the per cent of catalyst, based on the weight of the said halogenated aliphatic material, and the square of the per cent by weight of halogen in said material being at least 400, are extracted with a solvent for halogenated hydrocarbons to remove residual halogenated hydrocarbon therefrom.  The preparation of the condensation products is described in Specification 562,714 which is, however, limited to the use of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons.  Other p  halogenated aliphatic materials such as chlorinated beeswax and chlorinated derivatives of substantially saturated hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene may be used as described in U.S.A. Specification 2,339,493.  The liquid used for the solvent extraction preferably contains carbon, hydrogen, and at least one other element, and has a preferential solvent action for halogenated hydrocarbons as compared with aliphatic or araliphatic hydrocarbons.  Suitable solvents are esters such as ethyl or amyl acetate or isopropyl butyrate, alcohols such as methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl or ethyl isopropyl ketone, phenols such as phenol, cresols or catechol, amines such as aniline, n-amyl amine or pyridine, ethers such as ethyl, isopropyl or catechol monoethyl ether, nitro compounds such as nitro-ethane, heptane, hexane, benzene or toluene, amino-alcohols such as triethanolamine, 2-amino-1-butanol or 2-amino-1-methyl propanol, heterocyclic compounds such as furan, dioxane, pyridine or furfuraldehyde.  Mixtures of these may be used when the less powerful solvents may act as diluents. Diluents for one or both phases of the extraction, such as naphtha for the product phase and methyl alcohol for the solvent phase, may be present.  Preferred solvents contain at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and oxygen and/or nitrogen and particularly a number of oxygen atoms at least half that of the carbon atoms as in ethyl acetate.  The extraction is effected at temperatures up to about 300 DEG , preferably 150-250 DEG  F. and about atmospheric pressure, in batch or continuous concurrent or countercurrent operation.  The volume of solvent is desirably at least 50, preferably 100-1000 per cent of the product being treated. Preferably, the solvent is fed in countercurrent up a tower whose height is at least 3 times the diameter.  The halogen content of the product is reduced to below 2, and preferably below 1 per cent.  The products are incorporated in mineral lubricants to improve viscosity index and depress pour point as described in Specification 562,714. In examples, a 40 per cent concentrate of product in a paraffinic blend oil, chlorine content 5.7 per cent, is refluxed with successive portions of ethyl acetate, or of acetone or secondary amyl alcohol with a reduction of chlorine content of 70, 51 or 47 per cent respectively.