Patent GB-990076-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas turbine plants
IPC: F02C9/24
Filed: 1962-08-09
Abstract: 990,076. Gas turbine plant; pressure exchangers. ESCHER WYSS A.G. Aug. 9, 1962 [Aug. 9, 1961], No. 30658/62. Headings F1G and F1N. In a closed cycle type of gas turbine plant means are provided for transferring working fluid between the working fluid circuit and a working fluid reservoir for the purpose of varying the pressure level in the plant, working fluid expanding from a point of high pressure in the circuit to a point of lower pressure in the circuit, and working fluid alternating between the reservoir and the circuit being passed through a pressure-exchanger in such a manner that pressure waves produced in the pressureexchanger by the passage of the expanding working fluid effect a compression and transfer of the working fluid alternating between the reservoir and the circuit. The plant is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises a compressor 1 in which working fluid say helium is compressed from pressure p 2  to P1, the helium then being heated in a preheater 3 and then further heated in a heater 4 which may be a nuclear reactor. The heated gas is then expanded through a turbine 5 which drives the compressor 1 also a load 8, the expanded gas then passing at pressure p 2  through the heater 3 where it gives up heat to the gas discharging from the compressor. The gas is then cooled in the cooler 7 before passing back into the compressor. A working fluid reservoir 9 is provided, the gas being stored at pressure p 3 ; also a pressureexchanger 12 which is shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4. The pressure exchanger comprises a rotor 29 disposed within a casing 31, the rotor carrying axially-extending vanes 30 which provide channels 32. The exchanger is provided with two fluid ducts S, T at one end and with one fluid duct R at the other end. As shown in Fig. 1 the duct R may be connected through valve 13 and line 14 to a point 10 in the high pressure (p1) part of the closed circuit or through valve 15 and line 16 to a point 11 in the low pressure (p 2 ) part of the circuit. Similarly duct T may be connected through valve 17 and lines 18 and 14 to point 10 or through valve 19 and lines 20 and 16 to the point 11. The duct S may be connected through valve 21 and line 22 to the reservoir 9 which is at pressure p 3 . Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the pressure variation in the closed circuit and reservoir as. a function 'of the useful power delivery of the plant. In the low power range A, the reservoir pressure p 3  is greater than both pressures p 1  and p 2 ; in the high power range C the reservoir pressure p 3  is smaller than both pressures p 1  and p 2 , while in the intermediate power range B, the reservoir pressure p 3  is less than the maximum closed circuit pressure p 1  but greater than the minimum closed circuit pressure p 2 . To obtain a reduction of power in the range A, for example, the valve 13 is opened so that pressure p1 is applied to the duct R, the valve 19 is opened so that pressure p 2  is applied in the duct T, and the valve 21 is opened so that the reservoir pressure p 3  is applied to the duct S. In the range A pressure p 3  is the greatest and pressure p 2  is the least of the three pressures P 1 , p 2  and p 3 . The working fluid in the pressure-exchanger expands from pressure p 1  at point 10 to pressure p 2  at point 11, through the ducts R and T. Working fluid also passes through ducts R and S from the point 10 pressure p 1  to the reservoir pressure p 3 , pressure p 3  being greater than pressure p 1 . The two working fluid streams are passed through the pressure-exchanger in such a manner that the pressure waves formed on the passage of the expanded working fluid produce a compression and transfer of the working fluid from the circuit to the reservoir by way of the ducts R, S. The theory of the pressure exchanger is set forth in the Specification