Patent GB-1040028-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to encoders
IPC: H03M1/00
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: 1,040,028. Selective signalling. LITTON INDUSTRIES Inc. August 4, 1964 [Oct. 11, 1963], No. 31674/64 Heading G4H. [Also in Division G1] An optical vernier device, for use in increasing the accuracy of analogue-to-digital converters (encoders) for measuring linear or angular motion, is used with a member (an encoder disc) 13 (Fig. 2) bearing spaced-apart indicia 15, 17, 20 &c., in order to measure movement of the member 13, relative to a fixed point, less than the spacing of the indicia, and comprises a pair of photo-sensitive detectors 22, 24 which are illuminated differentially, correspondingly to the detected position of an index, by means of a movable optical member 21, a motor controlled by the detector output signals to move the optical member 21 in order to equalize the detector output signals and means 95 for measuring and signalling the resultant position of a second indicia-bearing member 33, whose position depends on that of the movable optical member 21. The disc 13 is mounted on a shaft 11, the angular position of which is to be determined digitally, and bears a pattern of binary valves in rows, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 with the most significant digits on the innermost rows and the least on the outermost ring, the indicia 15, 17 &c. in this ring being in the form of transparent slots in the disc. The disc 13 rotates on the primary shaft 11 and if stopped in any position, a coarse reading is obtained by an appropriate reader 90. Fractions of the distance between any two slots 15, 17 &c. are measured by the vernier device, comprising an optical wedge and a secondary code disc 33 which, in order to ensure a linear vernier output signal, rotates, on shaft 27, at a rate which follows a cosecant function each half cycle and which follows the traversing motion of illuminated slots under a mask 26. When the main encoder disc 13 stops rotating, one or two index slots 15, 17 will be located in the window of the mask 26, the width of the window being that of two slots and the opaque space between. Light from lamp 19 is collimated by lens 18 and passes through the slot or slots to give either one beam or two parallel beams which are directed on to the silicon detectors 22, 24. Depending on the position of the slot or slots and of the optical wedge, the detectors produce differing output signals which are analysed by the difference detection circuit (Fig. 1, not shown). The signals are amplified and applied to a signal chopper 70 to produce a signal which is 90 degrees phase-displaced relatively to the signals applied to the excitation winding of the motor 35. The chopper signal is filtered to remove voltage spikes and the square wave signal transformed into a sinusoidal waveform by amplifier 80. This signal is applied to the drive winding of the motor which causes the optical wedge to rotate and equalize the detector outputs, the difference signal consequently diminishing. The final position of the secondary code disc 33 is read by reader 95 and the signal combined with that from reader 90. The optical wedge may be constructed to have the same diameter as the main code disc 13 and be mounted coaxially with it, a plurality of photosensors being used in this arrangement.