baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1181999-A (CN)
Title: 表层含有球状石墨与合金碳化物的铸钢件及其制备方法
Inventor: WANG YISAN
IPC: B22D27/18
Filed: 1997-10-22
Abstract: 一种具有特殊耐磨表层的铸钢件,其母体为中、低碳钢或低合金钢,表层含较高的铬、硅、镍等合金元素,表层组织中同时含有球墨和合金碳化物。其制备方法是将碳化硅、铬铁粉、镍粉等加粘结剂制成渗剂或渗剂薄片,涂敷或固定在铸型中,经烘烤预热浇入>1580℃的高温钢水,冷却凝固而成。该发明产品硬度、耐磨性高,综合性能好,能满足外硬内韧的使用要求,且工艺简单,生产周期短、成本低、投资少、可生产各种耐磨和耐热零件,有广泛的应用前景。
Patent CN-1198008-A (CN)
Title: Cmos结构半导体器件的制备方法
Inventor: ANDOH TAKESHI
IPC: H01L27/092
Filed: 1998-04-30
Abstract: 一种CMOS结构半导体器件制备方法,以第一加速能量将n型掺杂剂离子注入NMOS区中的第一对n型源/漏区的表面区和第一栅极的表面区,由此形成多个第一非晶区。以比第一加速能量低的第二加速能量,将n型掺杂剂离子注入进PMOS区的第二对p型源/漏区的表面区和第二栅极的表面区,由此形成多个第二非晶区。
Patent CN-1234337-A (CN)
Inventor: WANG JUE
IPC: B32B33/00
Filed: 1998-05-04
Abstract: 本发明涉及低成本生产光变色防伪材料的工艺,先按防伪材料的用途和色彩变化要求,用计算机设计好膜系,然后将物理汽相镀膜方法和溶胶涂覆方法紧密结合完成至少由反射层、介质层、吸收层三层组成的防伪材料的生产步骤。本发明的工艺不仅大幅度降低了生产成本,且纳米溶胶介质膜的折射率很容易通过改变纳米溶胶的组成而变化,因此用本发明生产的变色材料变色范围有更大的选择余地,可广泛应用于公众防伪、专家防伪或两者结合的防伪膜或防伪油墨。
Patent CN-1289376-A (CN)
Title: 金属镀液晶聚合物的方法和与其相关的组合物
Inventor: BEITINGER G
IPC: C23C14/02
Filed: 1999-01-27
Abstract: 液晶聚合物(LCP)可用钯溅射镀覆或离子镀覆,以产生钯镀覆的LCP部件。这些可使用常规或非常规高电流密度,如用铜以电解方式镀覆,以制得金属镀覆的LCP,其中金属与LCPs之间具有良好的粘合力,在电解镀覆之前或之后,金属镀层可被图案化。含有图案化金属表面的部件可被用作电路板或印刷线路板。
Patent CN-1311802-A (CN)
Title: 具有改善生物降解性的聚丙烯酸盐
Inventor: GANCET C
IPC: C08L101/16
Filed: 1999-06-01
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种基于含有不稳固点和可降解点聚羧酸的新型可生物降解的聚合物。这些聚合物是线形的或者是支化的。它们可以用在不同的应用里,特别是用在洗涤剂组合物中。
Patent CN-1332818-A (CN)
Title: 用于羧烷基纤维素的硫酸盐木质纤维
Inventor: HSIN HU SHENG
IPC: D21C9/10
Filed: 1999-12-29
Abstract: 本发明披露了一种硫酸盐木质纤维的生产方法,所述纤维的α－纤维素含量大于97%,粘度大于40厘泊。所述方法包括:用水使阔叶木片预水解,进行硫酸盐蒸煮,漂白和碱处理。所得到的纸浆能够转化成羧甲基纤维素超吸收剂,该吸收剂具有改善的性能、特别是高的“负载下的吸收性”。
Patent CR-20120638-A (CR)
Title: Métodos de terapia combinada para tratar enfermedades proliferativas
Inventor: DESAI NEIL P
IPC: A61K9/14
Filed: 2012-12-14
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona métodos de terapia combinada para tratar una enfermedad proliferativa que comprenden una primera terapia y una segunda terapia que puede incluir la administración de una cantidad efectiva de al menos otro agente.
Patent CR-20150359-A (CR)
Title: Nuevos compuestos bicíclicos y su uso como agentes antibacterianos e inhibidores de b-lactamasa
Inventor: MAITI SAMARENDRA N
IPC: C07D471/08
Filed: 2015-07-08
Abstract: Un compuesto de Fórmula (I): en donde: M es hidrógeno o un catión formador de sales farmacéuticamente aceptable;
Patent CR-20170036-A (CR)
Title: Inhibidores de la proteína quinasa c y métodos de su uso
Inventor: MICHAEL SCOTT VISSER
IPC: C07D413/14
Filed: 2015-08-28
Abstract: Se divulgan inhibidores de la PKC. Los inhibidores de la PKC son útiles para el tratamiento de enfermedades asociadas con PKC, incluyendo algunos tipos de cáncer. Los inhibidores de la PKC tienen eficacia mejorada en cantidades de dosis más bajas 5 para lograr la regresión del tumor, potencia mejorada, perfil PK, absorción, tolerancia gastrointestinal y selectividad de quinasa.
Patent CR-20170069-A (CR)
Title: Compuestos tricíclicos que contienen nitrógeno para el tratamiento de la infección por neisseria gonorrhoeae
Inventor: WIDDOWSON LOUISA KATHERINE
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 2015-08-20
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a métodos de tratamiento de la infección por Neisseria gonorrhoeae que comprenden administrar a un sujeto en necesidad de ello nuevos compuestos tricíclicos que contienen nitrógeno y las correspondientes composiciones farmacéuticas según lo descrito en el presente documento.
Patent CR-20170458-A (CR)
Title: Formación de haz de antena terrestre para las comunicaciones entre nodos de acceso y terminales de usuarios enlazados por un sátelite y sátelite para los mismos.
Inventor: BUER KENNETH;
IPC: H04B7/204
Filed: 2016-04-08
Abstract: Los sistemas de formación de haces de extremo a extremo (500) incluyen los relés de extremo a extremo (503, 1202, 3403) y las redes terrestres (502) para proporcionar comunicaciones a las terminales de usuario (517) localizados en las áreas de cobertura de haz de usuario (519). El segmento terrestre puede incluir los nodos de acceso geográficamente distribuidos (515) y un sistema de procesamiento central (505). Las señales de enlace ascendente de retorno (525), transmitidas desde las terminales de usuario, tienen múltiples trayectos inducidas por una pluralidad de trayectos de señal de recepción/transmisión (1702) en el relé de extremo a extremo y se retransmiten a la red terrestre. La red terrestre, mediante el uso de formadores de haz (513, 531), recupera los flujos de datos de usuario transmitidos por las terminales de usuario de las señales de enlace descendente de retorno (527). La red terrestre, mediante el uso de formadores de haz (513, 529) genera señales de enlace ascendente directo (521) a partir de combinaciones adecuadamente ponderadas de los flujos de datos de usuario que, después de la retransmisión por el relé de extremo a extremo, producen señales de enlace descendente directo (522) que se combinan para formar haces de usuarios.
Patent CR-20190218-A (CR)
Inventor: BRANDHUBER BARBARA J
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2017-10-10
Abstract: Se proporciona en la presente compuestos de la Fórmula I: y estereoisómeros y sales o solvatos aceptables desde el punto de vista farmacéutico de estos, en donde A, B, X1, X2, X3, X4, Anillo D y E tienen los significados dados en la memoria descriptiva, que son inhibidores de quinasa RET y son útiles en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades que se pueden tratar con un inhibidor de quinasa RET, lo que incluye enfermedades y trastornos asociados con RET.Provided herein are compounds of the Formula I and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, in which A, B, X1, X2, X3, X4, Ring D, and E have the meanings given in the specification, which are inhibitors of RET kinase and are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases which can be treated with a RET kinase inhibitor, including RET-associated diseases and disorders.
Patent CR-20200421-A (CR)
Title: N-(phenyl)-2-(phenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide derivatives and related compounds as hpk1 inhibitors for treating cancer
Inventor: STYDUHAR EVAN
IPC: C07D487/08
Filed: 2019-02-19
Abstract: <p>The present invention relates to N-(phenyl)-2-(phenyl)pyrimidine-4- carboxamide derivatives and related compounds of formula I as HPK1 (Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1) inhibitors for treating cancer, such as e.g. breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Preferred compounds are e.g. N-(5-Fluoro-2-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)phenyl)-2-(2- fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide and N-(5-Fluoro-2- (hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrrol-l(2H)-yl)phenyl)-2-(2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide.</p>
Patent CR-20200644-A (CR)
Title: Polycyclic carbamoylpyridone derivative
Inventor: TAODA YOSHIYUKI
IPC: C07D471/14
Filed: 2019-05-30
Abstract: <p>A compound represented in formula (I) is provided. (In the formula, ring A is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle; ring C is a benzene ring, etc.; R<sup>1</sup> is a halogen, etc.;<sup> </sup>R<sup>2a </sup>and R<sup>2b </sup>are independently a hydrogen, etc.; R<sup>3</sup> is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, etc.; R<sup>4 </sup>is a hydrogen, etc.; and n is an integer 1 to 3.)</p>
Patent CR-20210162-A (CR)
Title: System for the cleaning of rivers and streams
Inventor: CITTON ALEX
IPC: E02B15/10
Filed: 2019-08-05
Abstract: The invention is a system (1) for cleaning rivers and waterways (F) in general, comprising floating modules (10), and wherein each module (10) comprises a floating body (11) and a rotating body (12) provided with projecting elements (14) configured in such a way as to be positioned on the water surface, so that, when said rotating body (12) rotates due to the thrusting action of the water current, said projecting elements (14) move said floating debris in a direction which is determined by its rotation direction, towards an accumulation or recovery area (2).
Patent CR-20220076-A (CR)
Title: Anti-cd96 antibodies and methods of use thereof
Inventor: CHAND DHAN SIDHARTHA
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2020-08-31
Abstract: ., human CD96) and antagonize CD96 function. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors and host cells for making these antibodies, and methods of treating a subject using these antibodies.
Patent CR-20220479-A (CR)
Title: Bispecific antigen binding molecules targeting ox40 and fap
Inventor: STAACK ROLAND
IPC: C07K16/40
Filed: 2021-03-31
Abstract: The invention relates to novel bispecific antigen binding molecules, comprising at least two antigen binding domains capable of specific binding to OX40 and a particular antigen binding domain capable of specific binding to Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP), and to methods of producing these molecules and to methods of using the same.
Patent EC-SP961727-A (EC)
Title: Benzociclopentano oxazolidinonas que contienen heteroatomos lea 30900-ec
Inventor: ENDERMANN RAINER
IPC: A61K38/00
Filed: 1996-04-19
Abstract: El invento se refiere a benzociclopentano oxazolidinonas que contiene heteroátomos, procedimientos para su producción y su uso como medicamento, especialmente como medicamento antibacteriano.
Patent EC-SP993000-A (EC)
Title: Nuevas drogas del canal de potasio y sus usos
Inventor: GRIFFIN JOHN H
IPC: A61K31/39
Filed: 1999-06-08
Abstract: La presente invención se relaciona con nuevos compuestos multienlazantes que se enlazan a los canales de potasio (K+), y modulan su actividad. Los compuestos de esta invención comprenden ligantes de canales 2-10 K+, covalentemente conectados por un enlazante o enlazantes, donde los ligantes en su estado monovalente (p.e.,no ligados) se enlazan y son capaces de modular la actividad de uno o más tipos de canales K+. La manera de enlazarse los ligantes en conjunto es tal que los agentes multienlazantes así formados demuestran un efecto biológico y/o terapéutico incrementado, al ser comparado con el mismo número de ligantes no enlazados puestos a disposición por el enlace al canal K+. La invención también se relaciona a los métodos de uso de tales compuestos y a los métodos de preparación. Los compuestos de esta invención son particularmente útiles en el tratamiento de enfermedades y condiciones de mamíferos que son mediadas por los canales K+. Por consiguiente, la presente invenciónse relaciona también a composiciones farmacéuticas que comprenden un excipiente aceptable farmacéuticamente y a una cantidad efectiva del compuesto de la presente invención.
Patent FI-20000200-A (FI)
Inventor: NIEMELAE PEKKA
IPC: B65G15/48
Filed: 2000-01-31
Abstract: A conveyor belt for a continuously operated conveyor-type thermal treatment of a material bed includes metal conveyor belt elements that are connected to each other. Each conveyor belt element is formed with perforations in order to allow gas to flow through the conveyor belt. The perforations are distributed non-uniformly over the conveyor belt element and are located in at least two perforation zones. The perforation zones are separated from each other by perforation-free zones.
Patent FI-20001143-A (FI)
Inventor: PIIRONEN TAPIO TOIVO TARMO
IPC: A61H/
Filed: 2000-05-12
Abstract: This invention concerns a treatment layout for use in stretching a back, a hip and the feet, which treatment layout has a support part 1 to which is pivoted by a link 1b a frame 2. The invention is characterised in that, between the support part 1 and the frame 2, there is a turning apparatus 3, which turning apparatus 3 is an electrical, fluid or pressurised air driven apparatus, by means of which an angle of roll can be continuously adjusted between the support part 1 and the frame 2 without muscular force. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-20030912-A (FI)
Inventor: LEHTONEN KAI
IPC: F02M63/02
Filed: 2003-06-17
Abstract: An arrangement for controlling the fuel supply in a fuel supply apparatus, which arrangement comprises a body part including a space, through which the fuel to be injected flows during the operation, and a fuel inlet opening and a fuel discharge opening, which open into said space, the arrangement further comprising a piston member movably arranged in said space and a flow path to provide flow communication between the fuel inlet opening and the fuel discharge opening. The arrangement comprises at least one throttle section opening to the front of the piston member in the flow direction of the fuel, the cross-sectional flow area of which section is determined by the mutual positions of the piston member and the body part.
Patent FI-20041287-A (FI)
Inventor: PAJALA MATTI
IPC: D21G1/02
Filed: 2004-10-04
Abstract: A roll is supported at the middle thereof, for a paper, board or finishing machine is composed of two sections, a so-called inner shell (54′) and an outer shell (52′), supported by one another in the middle area of the roll (50′). The nominal stiffness of the manufacturing material of the inner shell (54′) of the roll is substantially greater than the nominal stiffness of the manufacturing material of the outer shell (52′) of the roll.
Patent FI-20110102-A (FI)
Inventor: JARVA MIKKO
IPC: A61B6/14
Filed: 2011-03-21
Abstract: An arm construction of an intra-oral x-ray device according to the present invention comprises at least two elongated support arms (55, 56, 55', 56') jointed to each other, into connection with a substantially first end of the first support arm (55) of which is arranged a radiation source (4) and in which the jointing between the support arms is implemented such that the successive support arms (55, 56, 55', 56') connect to each other from sides (68, 69) of the support arms facing each other.
Patent FI-20125267-A (FI)
Inventor: PITKAENEN TOIVO
IPC: B60G3/00
Filed: 2012-03-12
Abstract: The object of the invention is a tyre for a vehicle, which tyre comprises at least a surface layer (22) as well as an air space (20) and which tyre is configured to be disposed on the rim (13) of a wheel rim. The air space (20) is composed of a plurality of air channels (24) side by side, which are separated from each other with an essentially flexible wall material (25).
Patent GB-1051855-A (GB)
IPC: C09F1/00
Abstract: Anhydrous crude tall oil is fractionated, in two columns and with two passes, to yield in separate cuts, unsaturated C18 fatty acids and rosin acids.  The first pass includes the steps of introducing the crude oil at 450-550 DEG  F. with steam to the first fractionating column and withdrawing a top cut containing steam and light unsaponifiables, an intermediate cut of rosin and fatty acids, and a bottom cut of pitch and heavy unsaponifiables, followed by introducing the intermediate cut to the second fractionating column at an intermediate height and withdrawing a top cut containing low-boiling substances, e.g. C16 palmitic acid, a cut from the upper part containing unsaturated C18 acids and a bottom cut containing almost pure rosin acids.  The second pass introduces the cut from the upper part of the second column in the first pass to the first column, and a top cut containing C16 palmitic acid and an intermediate cut containing refined unsaturated C18 acids are withdrawn from the first column, the intermediate cut introduced to the second column, and three cuts, namely a top cut containing C16 palmitic acid, a bottom cut containing rosin acids, and a cut from the upper part of the column containing substantially pure unsaturated C18 acids finally obtained.  An example describes with the aid a flow diagram the fractionation of crude which may be flushed with steam under vacuum before the first pass.
Patent GB-1052231-A (GB)
IPC: A44C5/20
Abstract: 1,052,231. Bracelets. MAYLIN PRODUCTS Ltd. Dec. 17, 1962 [Dec. 18, 1961], No. 45293/61. Heading A3H. [Also in Division E2] A bangle 11 is closed by sliding lugs 14, 15 on the free ends into overlapping engagement, the edges of the bracelet being received in slots at the base of the lugs, and the lugs being maintained in engagement by the resistance of the bangle. The surfaces of the lugs may be serrated to increase adhesion and are set at an inclined angle to the bangle. A safety chain may interconnect the ends of the bangle. The bangle may comprise a spiral of metal.
Patent GB-1052331-A (GB)
IPC: B01F3/04
Abstract: 1,052,331. Aerating beverages by sonic vibrations. HOLSTEIN & KAPPERT MASCHINENFABRIK PHOENIX G.m.b.H. March 18, 1964 [March 28, 1963], No. 11345/64. Heading B1C. If an aerated liquid be subjected to sonic (or ultra sonic) vibrations while also being maintained under an external pressure above the saturation pressure, degassing is progressively slowed and, with further increase of the external pressure, eventually halted and the effect reversed so that dissolution of gas in the liquid is promoted. The external pressure must be selected so that during the negative component of the sonic pressure wave the resultant pressure on the liquid is still above the saturation pressure; an external pressure of 2-5 atmospheres is suggested. As shown liquid from a reservoir 1 is subjected to pressure by a pump 2, gas is injected or induced into it at 3, and the aerated liquid is subjected to sonic vibrations at 4.
Patent GB-1052382-A (GB)
Abstract: 1,052,382. Benzoxazines. ISTITUTO CHEMIOTERAPICO ITALIANO S.p.A. Oct. 9, 1963 [Oct. 17, 1962], No. 10224/66. Divided out of 1,052,381. Heading C2C. New 6 - nitro - 4 - oxo - 2 - haloalkyl - 2,3- dihydrobenzo-1,3-oxazines, wherein the alkyl group has 1-5C, are prepared by nitration using a concentrated nitric-sulphuric acid mixture.
Patent GB-1052617-A (GB)
IPC: B41F13/08
Abstract: 1,052,617. Printing-surfaces. DRUCKMASCHINENWERK PLANETA VEB. May 19, 1965, No. 21181/65. Heading B6C. In order to avoid bowing of a flexible printing forme when tensioned over a plate cylinder at or near the point where the forme enters a lateral groove containing the tensioning device, the surface of the cylinder near the edge of the groove is so machined that the locus of the centres of curvature is a continuous curve starting at the centre of the cylinder and ending at the centre of curvature at the point where the forme leaves the cylinder for engagement with the tensioning device. The curve may take the form of a parabola which merges with the circular cross-section of the cylinder at the edge of the groove.
Patent GB-1053460-A (GB)
IPC: B61D3/18
Abstract: 1,053,460. Railway vehicles for transporting cars. NIEDERS€CHSISCHE WAGGONFABRIK JOSEPH GRAAFF G.m.b.H. April 14, 1965 [April 16, 1964], No. 16037/65. Heading B7L. In a double deck multi-part rail vehicle for transporting cars each part comprises a lower deck having longitudinal supports 1 each upwardly bent at one end and provided with a vertical column 3 and a two-part column 4, 5, the columns supporting the longitudinal supports 2 of the upper deck. The end columns 4 are located between the buffers 6 and the bends K in the support 1. The upper support 2 has a pin 8 engaging in a slot in the associated column 4, and a stop 7 to engage the associated column 3.
Patent GB-1053939-A (GB)
IPC: D05C15/00
Abstract: 1,053,939. Tufting machines. CALLAWAY MILLS CO. Sept. 7, 1965 [Sept. 11, 1964], No. 38214/65. Heading D1G. A method of making tufted fabric comprises holding an increment of yarn substantially stationary relative to a reference point, and moving backing material relative to said reference point until said increment of yarn passes through said backing material. The method is performed on a tufting machine comprising means for feeding yarn to a stationary needle, and means for moving backing material towards and away from the needle. As shown, a tufting machine comprises a pair of spaced casings 11 interconnected by a casing 13 journalling a driven shaft 17. Eccentrics 23 on the latter actuate push rods 26 supporting a horizontal bar 29 engaging the lower surface of backing 30 moved over bar 29 by pairs 34, 35 of feed rollers. The upper surface of bar 29 is formed with transverse grooves 33, each of which is aligned with a fixed hollow needle 55. The needles are secured intermediately in a casing 57 and their upper ends pass through apertures 142 in a fixed plate 140. Yarn 50 is postively fed to the upper ends of the needles by pattern means 120 comprising intermeshing bars 130 on endless chains 129, the discharge point of each yarn being adjacent to and axially aligned with its associated needle. The needle walls are formed with passages communicating with casing 57, and compressed air is admitted to the latter via a duct 62 and a solenoid-actuated valve 63 controlled in synchronism with the rotation of shaft 17. The arrangement is such that valve 63 opens when bar 29 rises to pass the needle ends through the backing 30, whereby the air pressure releases the measured lengths of yarn from the needles to form a row of tufts. The backing is stripped from the needles by a notched plate 100 rigid with a vertically-slidable bar 105 carrying at each end a rack 108 meshing with a gear segment 109 on a lever 111 actuated via a pitman 112 from an eccentric 114 on shaft 17, plate 100 thereby moving in synchronism with bar 29. In a modification the yarn is drawn through the needles by suction produced in a casing disposed between casing 13 and the lower surface of the backing 30.
Patent GB-1143679-A (GB)
IPC: G03F3/10
Abstract: 1,143,679. Photo-sensitive materials and multi-colour prints therefrom. KALLE A.G. May 20, 1966 [May 22, 1965], No. 22652/66. Heading G2C. A light-sensitive material comprising a transparent, colourless, polymeric support coated with a P-benzoquinonediazide and/or a P-benzoquinoneimino diazide and an acid and alkali-fast dye. Colour proofing foils are produced by exposing the material to a colour separation negative and developing. If four materials containing yellow, red, blue and black dyes respectively are exposed to four colour separation negative, the resultant foils may be registered to produce a multi-colour image of the original. Registration may be aided by producing registration marks on the foils.
Patent GB-1143868-A (GB)
IPC: H01M8/18
Abstract: 1,143,868. Fuel cells. GENERAL MOTORS CORP. 26 Jan., 1967 [16 May, 1966], No. 3883/67. Heading H1B. [Also in Division C7] The invention comprises an electrochemical cell having a fluid electrolyte, at least one fluid electrode active material and an electrode which defines a reaction interface between the electrolyte and the active material comprising at least two different porous materials, one in contact with the electrolyte and comprising a non-conductive material wet by the electrolyte and the other in contact with the active material and comprising a conductive material not wet by the electrolyte, wherein the contact angles of the materials with the electrolyte differ by at least 30 degrees. One porous material may have a porosity of 10-50% and a pore diameter of 0À05-20 microns and the other material may have a porosity of 30-70% and a pore diameter of 0À03-100 microns. One of the materials may have a contact angle less than ¥ that of the other material with respect to the electrolyte and the electrode active material may be in contact with the material which is wet most. A typical embodiment comprises a Li/LiCl/Cl 2  fuel cell in which the Li electrode comprises a layer of stainless steel placed in contact with or plasma sprayed with a layer of AIN on its electrolyte side and the chlorine electrode comprises a layer of carbon, e.g. graphite, placed in contact with or plasma sprayed with a layer of ceramic, e.g. BeO, Al 2 O 3  or MgO, on its electrolyte side the carbon being of 80-100% purity and 0À05-0À5 inch thick and the ceramic being of 80-100% purity and 0À01-0À2 inch thick. The AIN may contain 5% SiC. The cell may operate at 610-650 C.