baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1487291-A (GB)
Title: Determining the boundaries of a speech utterance
IPC: G10L11/02
Filed: 1975-03-24
Abstract: 1487291 Speech boundary detectors WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 24 March 1975 [29 March 1974] 12245/75 Heading H4R The beginning and/or the end of a speech utterance is determined by adaptively encoding the speech (Fig. 1) and determining when the energy of the encoded speech signals exceeds a threshold. The speech input is compared with the level predicted from the quantized level in loop 14, 15 to produce a differential signal input to the quantizer 12 whose output, at e.g. 16 levels, is encoded 13 to produce a series of digital output code words C(i). The quantizing steps are automatically adjusted to take account of the signal variations by logic network 16. It is said that the code word energy, which is equivalent to the number of code word adaptations per unit time, indicates far better than the speech waveform energy, where the boundaries of an utterance lie. Voiced and unvoiced utterances show no significant difference in code word energy. An expression of this energy E(n) is taken as the sum over a window of 101 sampling instants of the square of the individual code components the average codeword energy is subtracted from each C(i) before evaluation of the energy expression. The D.C. level here is 7À5 but since this cannot be expressed easily in digital form, the terms C(i) are replaced by a(i) = [2C(i) - 15]<SP>2</SP> in the expression for E(n) and this leads to the equation E(n) = E(n - 1) + a(n+50)-a(n-50), where a(n + 50) and a(n - 50) represent the newest and oldest values of a. The circuit of Fig. 4 performs this computation to generate E(n) which then passes to a logic circuit (Fig. 5, not shown) which compares E(n) with a stored threshold between the values of E associated with "silence" and average measured speech. When the threshold is first exceeded a counter begins to increment and continues for as long as the threshold remains exceeded until a count of 320 samples, equivalent to 50 Ásecs. of speech, triggers an output pulse confirming that the original input is speech. Similarly when the threshold is crossed in the downward direction, a count of 1024 (160 Ásec.) produces an output confirming that speech has ceased. These outputs may be used to indicate to an operator that a speech utterance has occurred or to gate a register temporarily storing the code words before permanent storage without gaps between utterances.
Patent GB-1379709-A (GB)
Title: Off-set lithographic printing machine
IPC: B41F21/10
Filed: 1973-03-14
Abstract: 1379709 Rotary offset printing machines HEIDELBERGER DRUCKMASCHINEN AG 14 March 1973 [12 April 1972] 12259/73 Heading B6C In a sheet-fed offset litho machine comprising a copy sheet guiding and transferring pressure cylinder 14 which co-operates with an impression cylinder 1 to form a contact area 21 the pressure cylinder is covered with a rubber blanket 15 and co-operates with one or more steel cylinders 11, 16, the or one of which transfers the sheet to the pressure cylinder, so that the sheet being transferred is subjected to stretching in the or each contact area 20, 22, 21 between the pressure cylinder and the steel cylinder or cylinders. The stretched copy sheet is unlikely to distort further during any printing operations and in multicolour work this will tend to eliminate mis-registration. The pressure cylinder 14 may be mounted in eccentric bearings in order to adjust contact pressures.
Patent GB-656680-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to track vehicle fittings
IPC: B60B15/26
Filed: 1949-05-09
Abstract: 656,680. Vehicular endless tracks. SYMES, B. R. May 9, 1949, No. 12311. [Class 79 (i)] A fitting for wheeled vehicles comprises an endless track running on rollers mounted within the track and means for securing the track and rollers below a vehicle wheel so that the upper run of the track is in contact with the wheel and the track is free to make arcuate movements about the wheel axis. As shown the endless track 1 comprising a web 20 having a treaded surface 21 of vulcanized rubber or synthetic substitute is carried on the rollers 2 by guides 22. The rollers may be provided with radial projections on either side of the wheel (Fig. 7, not shown). The rollers are joumalled in side rails 17, the journals being lubricated by nipples 19. Secured to each rail 17 by a sprung steel comb 24 is a rubber sealing ring 23 preventing the ingress of dirt &c. between the track and the rollers. The tension of the track can be adjusted by a screw fitting 30. An eyeplate 26 secured to each end of each rail 17 is connected by a chain 3 having a quick-release hook-line 4 to a stirrup 5. The stirrup 5 is rotatably mounted on the axle of the wheel 7, stops being provided on the vehicle to limit the movement of the stirrup. In a modification (Fig. 9, not shown), the invention is applied to two axles, the endless track extending beneath two wheels, a stirrup being mounted on each axle.
Patent GB-1135447-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rechargeable electrochemical cells
IPC: H01M2/38
Filed: 1966-03-21
Abstract: 1,135,447. Rechargeable cells. YARDNEY INTERNATIONAL CORP. 21 March, 1966 [19 March, 1965 (2)], No. 12311/66. Heading H1B. To prevent the dendritic growths formed on a rechargeable anode from forming shorting bridges between the anode and counterelectrode during charging, a wiper is arranged in contact with the anode and the anode and wiper are moved relative to one another so that the dendritic growths are compacted into the surface of the anode. The anode may be zinc, copper, steel, or silver-plated steel and the counterelectrode may be an air or gas (e.g. halogens specifically fluorine and chlorine) electrode made of silver, gold, platinum or carbon with an anti-wetting binder, e.g. P.T.F.E. The anode may be charged against the air or gas electrode or against an auxiliary electrode of, for example, nickel or silver. As shown the anode 10c rotates and co-operates with resilient rubber rollers 7a, 7b which form the wiper. The wiper may be corrugated (Fig. 3, not shown) to increase the surface area of the anode. In Fig. 4 (not shown), a rotatable anode co-operates with rollers and is charged by a nickel screen auxiliary electrode and is discharged against an air electrode which incorporates a filter comprising a sheet of filter paper wetted by potassium hydroxide to remove carbon dioxide from the air supply. The rotating anode is connected to its stationary terminal by a mercury seal. The rotary anode may be driven by peripheral gearing (Figs. 5 and 6, not shown). In an alternative arrangement (Fig. 7, not shown), the anode is an endless loop driven past a pair of wiper-rollers and positioned between a pair of counterelectrodes. Alternatively, the wiper may be in the form of an endless loop of material driven over the electrode surface (Fig. 9, not shown) or in the form of blades carried by driven endless cords (Fig. 10, not shown). Finally, the anode may be sector-shaped and oscillated past a stationary roller (Fig. 8, not shown).
Patent GB-295061-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in devices for delivering measured quantities of liquids
IPC: B67D7/60
Filed: 1927-05-09
Abstract: 295,061. Livesey, J. W., and Fenn, A. G. May 9, 1927. Fixed-chamber apparatus.-Apparatus for delivering measured quantities of oil &c. comprises a chamber 1 to which the oil is admitted through a valve 43 and tube 21 carried by a piston 2 which is pressed down by a spring 32. The oil entering the space below the piston moves the chamber 1 relatively to the piston until the desired quantity has been admitted. The valve 43 is then closed and the delivery valve 6 opened, the oil being then delivered through the pipe 5 by the return movement of the chamber 1 under the action of the spring 32. The valve 43 is opened by a cam 51 and the valve 6 by lever arms 12. The downward movement of the chamber is limited by stops 38 which engage the piston. The quantity delivered is determined by a toothed member 34 carried by the tube 21 and adapted to be arrested by a rotatable stop 37 on the top of the chamber. Several teeth and stops may ba provided for the delivery of various quantities. A spring-controlled valve 27 in the tube 21 prevents drip when the valve 43 is closed. In another form, the valve 6 is opened by a cam operated by bevel gearing from the spindle carrying the cam for opening the valve 43. In another form, the valve 43 is raised by rack and pinion, and the delivery valve is a conical lift valve.
Patent GB-371169-A (GB)
Title: Machine for the production of highly elastic spring tubes
IPC: B21D15/06
Filed: 1931-04-27
Abstract: 371,169. Corrugating. MEYERKELLER ET CIE, AKT.-GES. METALLSCHLAUCHFABRIK, O., 45, Kellerstrasse, Lucerne, Switzerland. April 27, 1931, No. 12406. Convention date, Dec. 20, 1930. [Class 83 (iv).] Corrugated resilient tubes are formed by inner continuously running rollers which automatically adapt their position to an outer roller having a circumferential shaping portion which steadily decreases in width and increases in height. An inner roll 20, Fig. 3, is carried on a shaft 11 forming an extension of a shaft 5 driven from a belt pulley 7. A shaft 6 is keyed at 9 to the shaft 5 for rotation therewith, and carries a chuck member 12 in which is screwed a lining 13 in turn carrying a screwed spindle 17 on which the second inner roll 19 is mounted. Axial displacement of the members 13 or 17 controls the initial distance between the rolls 19, 20. Bushes 23, 24 are secured to the shafts 5, 6, and carry studs 37, 38 which are operated by a lever 49, Fig. 1, links 42, 43, 44, and levers 33, 34 to cause axial displacement in opposite directions of the shafts 5, 6, with symmetrical displacement of the rollers 19, 20. The work 22, Fig. 4, either initially corrugated as at 21, or with a cylindrical surface, is placed over the rolls 19, 20, a recess in the roll 67 permitting the insertion of the work. A clockwise operation of a handle 63, Fig. 1, separates the rolls 19, 20 and releases a stop 72 from the roll 67 to permit it to be driven by contact with the work. On immediate release of the handle 63 the rollers 19, 20 are urged by a spring 50 together against the rim 70 of the roller 67 which decreases in width and increases in height from the form of Fig. 4 to that of Fig. 5, the final part of the circumference remaining of constant shape to finish the corrugation. The corrugations of the blank 22, Fig. 4, may be formed by axial pressure on a rubber mandrel which abuts against a stationary support and is caused to expand radially to force the tube into a surrounding matrix.
Patent GB-1489646-A (GB)
Title: Oligomerisation processes
IPC: C07C2/12
Filed: 1975-03-25
Abstract: 1489646 Oligomerization catalyst GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CO 25 March 1975 [25 March 1974] 12436/75 Heading ClA [Also in Division C5] An olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises a laminar 2 : 1 layer-lattice aluminosilicate mineral possessing layer-lattice unit cells, each cell having an inherent negative charge balanced by cations exterior to said unit cell, said mineral corresponding to the following overall formula prior to drying and calcining where Y is selected from divalent metallic ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0À75 and mixtures thereof; (e.g. Ni, Co) Q is at least 0À95 mol. fraction silicon ions, the remainder consisting of tetravalent ions having an ionic radius not to exceed 0À65; (e.g. Ge) and C is at least one charge balancing cation and where e has a numerical value from 2 to 3 inclusive; w has a numerical value from 0À01 to 2 inclusive, with the proviso that the quantity ew have a numerical value from 0À02 to 4 inclusive; f has a value of 4 or less; x has a numerical value from 0À05 to 2À0 inclusive; y is the valence of the cation C; d is the number of cations C where the product dy=x+3 (e-2)w.
Patent GB-661128-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to building mechanism for packages of yarn
Inventor: PIMLEY GORDON HALDANE
IPC: D01H1/36
Filed: 1949-05-11
Abstract: 661,128. Yarn package building-mechanism. DOBSON & BARLOW, Ltd. July 16, 1949 [May 11, 1949], No. 12502/49. Class 120(ii). The traverse of the ring or spindle rail is controlled by stops operating reversing mechanism, the position of at least one stop being variable during the building of a package to shape it. The stops 38, 39 are carried by rails 7, 8 reciprocated by a rack and pinion 14, 15. The stop 39 is adjustably secured to the rails 7, 8 and the stop 38 is carried by a sliding bridge 37 having a groove 36 to receive a roller 34 adjustably secured to an arm 28 of a two-armed lever. The other arm 30 of the lever carries a roller engaging in a cam groove 33, the cam 24 being revolved by a rachet wheel 23 and pawl 45 as the rails 7, 8, carrying the members 24, 30, 28, 23, reciprocate. The ratchet 23 is indexed by a gear 25 and pawl 26. The pawl 45 is longitudinally adjustable to vary the rate of turning of the rachet.
Patent GB-399901-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to spanners
IPC: B25B23/142
Filed: 1932-04-30
Abstract: 399,901. Wrenches. BATHO, C., ROWAN, C., and BATEMAN, E. H., Civil Engineering Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham. April 30, 1932, No. 12509. [Class 61 (iii).] A rigid-jaw wrench head is connected to the handle so as to permit relative movement, and such movement is opposed in operation by a yielding resistance to indicate the torque applied to the nut &c. In the construction shown the operative resistance of the wrench head 1 pivoted at 3 to the handle 23 is opposed by a spring 19 through the intermediary of a second order lever 10 provided with a bent end 9 terminating in a knife edge 8 bearing on a hardened plate 7 and with a second knife edge 11 engaging the end 13 of the wrench head 1, the lever 10 being retained in position for proper engagement of the knife edges by a pin 14 engaging guide slots in the walls 5 of the channel section handle portion 6. A contact screw 20 engages a plunger 21 moving through a friction washer 22, which plunger may be graduated to indicate the torque or may actuate a dial or it may operate a mechanical device to ring a bell when the required torque has been reached. Or the relative movement between wrench head and handle may be arranged to close an electrical circuit for ringing a bell or lighting a lamp.
Patent GB-1304928-A (GB)
IPC: C07C239/00
Filed: 1970-03-16
Abstract: 1304928 Separating carbon dioxide TOYO ENG CORP and MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS Inc 16 March 1970 [15 March 1969] 12517/70 Heading B1L [Also in Division C1] Co 2  is removed from ammonia synthesis gas by separating a supply of said gas into two streams, the second of which is scrubbed to remove Co 2  before recombining with the first stream for use in the manufacture of ammonia and urea. The concentration of Co 2  in the recombined stream is controlled by varying the proportion of supplied gas passing through the scrubber. The scrubber reduces the partial pressure of Co 2  to 0.02-1.5 atmos. at a total pressure of 10 atmos. and a temperature in the range 85-130C. The scrub solution, preferably an aqueous solution of K 2 Co 3  and an ethanolamine, may be regenerated by heating and recycled.
Patent GB-528021-A (GB)
Title: A machine for grinding circular saw blades
IPC: B23D63/00
Filed: 1939-04-26
Abstract: 528,021. Sharpening saws. WAGNER, K. April 26, 1939, No. 12523. [Class 60] Relates to sawsharpening machines of the type in which the saw is inclined during the period in which the grinding wheel 1 is raised by a cam 4, and consists in indexing the saw 13 through change gearing 10, 11 driven by means such as a ratchet wheel 9 and a pawl on a lever 6 oscillated by a cam 5 on the same shaft as the cam 4.
Patent GB-1403877-A (GB)
Title: Rotary internal combustion engine
IPC: F02B55/16
Filed: 1974-03-21
Abstract: 1403877 Rotary I C engines NISSAN MOTOR CO 21 March 1974 [26 March 1973] 12662/74 Heading F1F A rotary internal-combustion engine of the Wankel type comprises a primary inlet 19 in the peripheral wall for a lean fuel-air mixture and an auxiliary intake channel 20 leading to an auxiliary intake port 49 located in the cavity side wall 5 at a point such that each working chamber A, B, C is open to the port 49 during the last portion of the intake stroke and the opening portion of the compression stroke, the auxiliary intake channel 20 supplying a rich fuel-air mixture and having a reed valve 51 for preventing back-flow of charge when the port 49 is in communication with a working chamber during the first portion of the compression phase. The port 27 may be replaced by a port in the end-face of the cavity Fig. 2 (not shown), and the auxiliary port can be located in the peripheral wall Figs. 9, 10, (not shown).
Patent GB-130176-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Ploughs particularly adapted for Motor-haulage.
Inventor: SWAN PETER SMITH
IPC: A01B3/46
Filed: 1918-08-08
Abstract: 130,176. Swan, P. S. Aug. 8, 1918. Controlling by contact with obstructions.-To throw out the clutch of a plough tractor when an obstruction is engaged or when the tractor moves backwards, a spring linkage connected with the draw-links C is employed. In this the nuts E<5>, E' on rods D<2> carry pins E<3>. E<4> engaging in slotted links attached to a lever E pivoted on the projection D<4>. The link E<2> is connected by a rod G to a declutching device, and, when owing to a share engaging an immovable obstacle, the angle between the links C and the plough frame is increased, the rod D<2> is pulled downwards against the pressure of the spring E<8>, the pin E' pressing back the link E<2> and moving the rod G. If the tractor backs, the rod D<2> moves in the opposite direction and the pin E<3> moves its link to operate the lever E and the clutch rod G. Another device for operating the declutching rod comprises a pinion operated by the movement of the lever E to move a circular plate mounted on slides supported by the axle casing C<1>, the clutch rod being connected to a strap encircling this plate. Another declutching arrangement, Fig. 13, shows the member B<2> connected to the tractor by links S, S', a cushioning-device W<1>-W<4> being provided. Rods S<4> are provided adjustably carrying cylinders S<6> within which move pistons S<5> on the ends of the rod S<3> pivoted to extensions S<2> of the axle casing. Springs S', S<8>, strong enough to resist an ordinary pull, are interposed between the ends of the cylinders and the pistons. Bands S' free to rotate on the cylinders S<6>, are connected by slotted links T, T<1> and pins T<2>, T<3>, to members T<4> rotatable on a shaft T<5> carried by the extensions S<2>. The shaft T<5> carries a pinion engaging a rack on the clutch-operating rod.
Patent GB-215576-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to supporting devices for portable breathing apparatus
IPC: A62B9/04
Filed: 1923-05-14
Abstract: 215,576. Drager, A. B. May 14, 1923. Respirators. - A device for supporting breathing apparatus on the body comprises an upper part b and a saddle-shaped lower part a extending partly round the sides of the body. The device is secured by a belt d and shoulder-straps e. A partition g is provided between the upper and lower parts to prevent radiation of heat from the purifying cartridge p to the breathing bag s. The oxygen cylinder f is secured to the saddle. The upper part is offset rearwardly so as not to hamper movement of the shoulders. The upper part b may be hinged to the lower part and is in that case arched. The device may be cast in steel or made of sheet metal.
Patent GB-749838-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ribbon feeding mechanism for typewriters, or the like
IPC: B41J33/00
Filed: 1953-05-08
Abstract: 749,838. Typewriters. CAMPI, G. May 8, 1953 [May 8, 1952], No. 12899/53. Class 100 (4). A duplicating ribbon mechanism is mounted on the carriage of a typewriter so that the ribbon 6 is fed relatively to the platen during carriagereturn movement and is fed integrally with the carriage past the typing position during letterspacing. The ribbon 6 is fed from a supply spool 5 around guide-plates 14<SP>1</SP>, 14, along the printing line to a pair of feeding rollers 11, 12 one above the other. Roller 11 is driven during a carriage return movement from a shaft 17  and bevel gearing 10<SP>1</SP>, 10 from a ratchet wheel 15 driven by a pawl 16 pivoted on a gear-wheel 1 engaging with a rack 2 screwed on the typewriter frame. During letter-spacing movement the gear-wheel 1 rotates counter-clockwise and the pawl free-wheels over the ratchet 15. The mechanism is enclosed by a cover 18 screwed to brackets 8, 9 attached to a transverse rod 3 on the typewriter carriage. In a modification, Fig. 6, the ribbon 58 is fed during a carriage return movement by a pair of rollers 43, 44 at each end of the carriage, and which may be separated for initially threading the ribbon into position. The ribbon 58 may be swung clear of the platen when not in use by ribbon guide arms 56 pivoted to brackets 51, which each have a spring locking pin 54 to fix the arms in operative position. A thin metal strip arranged flat above the horizontal section of the platen C immediately above the ribbon serves to separate the ribbon from the stencil &c. being typed. Tensioning of the ribbon may be by a coupling between the bevel gearing and the feed rollers, or by a spring clip 19.
Patent GB-1244812-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to semiconductors
IPC: H01L31/06
Filed: 1970-03-18
Abstract: 1,244,812. Semiconductor devices. SIEMENS A.G. 18 March, 1970 [20 March, 1969], No. 12944/70. Heading H1K. A semi-conductor device, which may be a silicon solar cell comprises a weakly doped body into which is diffused a highly doped region of the same conductivity type, and subsequently a dopant of the opposite conductivity is diffused into exactly the same region so that the PN junction thus formed substantially coincides with the junction between the weakly doped and highly doped regions of the body. The dopants may be boron and phosphorus. The depth of the highly doped surface region may be between 0À1 Á and 0À4 Á.
Patent GB-290974-A (GB)
Title: An improved portable electric power unit for use in dental surgery
IPC: A61C1/06
Filed: 1928-05-02
Abstract: 290,974. Roig, J. M. May 19, 1927, [Convention date], Driving-arrangements; casings and supports.-A portable dental engine comprises a small and light reversible electric motor 1 adapted to be mounted on the forearm of the user by means of a pivotally-connected hoop-shaped spring clip 2, and connected to a dental handpiece or other tool holder 4 by a. short flexible shaft 3. The motor is controlled by a foot-operated rheostat. The straight handpiece 4 may be replaced by an angular handpiece. The Specification as open to inspection under Sevt. 91 (3) (a) relates also to the mounting of the motor on the arm of the user by means of a strap and to the use of the apparatus for drilling, grinding and the like in various arts. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-528234-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of protective layers on aluminium or aluminium alloys of magnesium or magnesium alloys
IPC: C25D11/00
Filed: 1939-05-01
Abstract: 528,234. Anodic coating of aluminium and magnesium. MAGNESIUM ELEKTRON, Ltd., May 1, 1939, No. 13006. Convention date, June 28, 1938. Addition to 508,723. [Class 41] Aluminium and aluminium base alloys and magnesium and magnesium base alloys are provided with protective coatings by anodic treatment in a saturated or almost saturated solution of one or more neutral fluorides and/or one or more silicofluorides, the solubility of the single salt or mixture being, at least about 30 per cent. at 20‹C., to which is added a solution of substances capable of forming complex or additive compounds with the fluoride layer. Suitable additions comprise the water-soluble salts of titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, beryllium and zirconium. To prevent hydrolytic dissociation of these compounds small' amounts of an organic acid, preferably polybasic, such as citric, tartaric or oxalic acid, or of a solution of sodium fluoride may be added.