baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1487467-A (GB)
Title: Current confining light emitting diode
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 1975-07-29
Abstract: 1487467 Semiconductor devices ITT INDUSTRIES Inc 29 July 1975 [8 Aug 1974] 31664/75 Heading H1K [Also in Division C4] In a light-emitting diode, having a stack of two or more layers of semiconductive material, one end face of the stack has an electrode provided with a hole communicating with a well which extends into the underlying semiconductive material and terminates short of the light-emissive P-N junction, the other end of the stack has a counter-electrode positioned opposite to the well, and at least one of the semiconductive layers is provided with a region of different resistivity, so that, in operation, the current flow is concentrated between the well and the counter-electrode. In an embodiment, Fig. 2, the diode comprises two N-type layers 10, 12 and three P-type layers 14, 16, 18 between the counter-electrode 22 in a silicon oxide layer 20 and electrode layer 24. Light emerges through an optical fibre 30 embedded in epoxy resin 28 contained in the well 26. Localized proton bombardment increases the resistivity in region 34, and causes current conduction to be confined to the paths 36. An alternative structure, Fig. 3, comprises three P-type layers 10, 12, 14, two N-type layers 16, 18, an undoped layer 38, and a low resistivity channel 40 produced by diffusing P-type material through the wall of well 26. In a further embodiment, Fig. 4 (not shown), the structure is similar to that of Fig. 3, except that the layer 18 is N- type material having a localized P-type region of low resistivity above counter-electrode 22. The semiconductor materials used for all the embodiments are GaAs and AlGaAs.
Patent GB-1428936-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for removing meat from animal bone
IPC: A22C17/04
Filed: 1974-07-17
Abstract: 1428936 Separating poultry meat and bones LAITRAM CORP 17 July 1974 [20 July 1973] 31674/74 Heading A2U Apparatus for separating meat, e.g. poultry meat, from bone comprises (a) a generally cylindrical drum 10-Fig. 2, open at both ends, the curved surface of which is formed of a series of cutting elements, (b) means 76 mounting said drum for rotation about its own axis, (c) means for revolving said drum about a second axis 12 at a rate of revolution greater than that about its own axis, (d) means 46 for supplying meat containing bone to the top of the drum, (e) means 96 for collecting meat from the outside of the drum and (f) means 106 for collecting bones from the lower end of the drum. In the apparatus shown, fowl pieces on the conveyor 16-Fig. 1 are fed via hopper 48 and chutes 50 to a pair of drums 10 and 11. Meat passing through the interstices of the drums is deflected by the inside surface of cover 22 on to rotating table 96 and deflected by plate 104 from table 96 to conveyor 17. Bones falling from the inside of the drums on to rotating table 106 are deflected by plate 111 on to conveyor 18.
Patent GB-397159-A (GB)
Title: An improved method of producing photographic pictures and kinematograph films in colour
IPC: G03C7/28
Filed: 1931-11-16
Abstract: 397,159. Colour photographs. GASPAR, B., 38, Innsbruckerstrasse, Schoneberg, Berlin. Nov. 16, 1931, No. 31702. [Class 98 (ii).] Relates to the production of reversed dyestuff images from diffusely-coloured, photographic and kinematographic metal deposit images, and consists in decolourizing, bleaching or destroying the dyestuff at the points of the metal deposit image by means of a reagent which itself is incapable of destroying the dye during the normal time of treatment, but which decolourizes, bleaches or destroys the dye by the formation of reaction products or complex compounds of the metal. Suitable classes of reagents are (a) nitrogenous organic compounds, exemplified by potassium thiocyanate, cystein salts, and phenylhydrazine ; (b) compounds of the urea group, exemplified by thiocarbamide, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, guanidine, and amido guanidine ; (c) indifferent inorganic sulphur compounds, exemplified by sodium sulphide and calcium polysulphide ; and (d) and (e) indifferent organic sulphur compounds or indifferent acids, exemplified by thiodiglycollic acid. The action may be increased or accelerated by the addition of acids, phenols, amino phenols and their substitution products, aldehydes, or sugar; or by adding, catalytically acting salts, e.g. of vanadium, uranium, molybdenum, or iron. Azo dyestuffs, particularly acid and substantive dyestuffs, are most suitable. The invention is applicable to colour photography and kinematography. Thus, a number of differently-coloured and sensitized layers may be poured one over the other ; or the dyes may be impressed, sprayed or otherwise applied to the support in the manner of a screen, admixed with sensitizers and filter dyestuffs. Suitable dyes for a three-colour material are Diamine Pure Blue FF, Mordant Yellow 66, and Diamine Fast Pink. Preferably the colours are fixed by mordant formation or deposition. By employing dyes which bleach out at different speeds, double tones may be produced ; further, dyes may be employed which form coloured reaction products at the points of the image, e.g. alizarine irridine. Films coated on both sides, and coloured on one side red and on the other blue-green, may be employed. Coloured pictures may also be obtained by applying colours by hand or stencils, e.g. the diapositive of a landscape may have the sky portion dyed an intense blue and the ground an intense green prior to treatment with the reagent. Darker or lighter colours may be employed to give particular effects. Diapositives required for copying purposes may be obtained from negatives by colouring with a dark dye and performing subsequent reversal. Silver and mercury images are referred to. Any remnant part of the silver image may be removed by a photographic reducing agent. Specifications 133,034 and 249,530, [both in Class 98 (ii), Photographic processes &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-1161071-A (GB)
Title: Catalyst Composition
IPC: C10G35/095
Filed: 1966-07-15
Abstract: 1,161,071. Reforming catalyst UNION CARBIDE CORP. 15 July, 1966 [16 July, 1965], No. 31783/66. Heading B1E. [Also in Division C5] A reforming catalyst composition comprises a crystalline zeolitic molecular sieve having a pore size sufficient to accept benzene and general formula where Q is alkali metal, M is calcium and/or manganese, M<SP>1</SP> is thorium and/or a rare earth element of atomic number 57 to 71 inclusive, (x+y+z) is 0.92 to 1, y is at least 0.7, b is 2.3 to 4, z has a positive value of up to 0.20 when 6 is greater than 3 and z is 0.04 to 0.20 when b is not greater than 3, p is zero to 9 and n is the valency of M<SP>1</SP>, the molecular sieve containing a hydrogenation agent. The molecular sieve may be zeolite Y or zeolite X, and preferably contains 0.05 to 2 weight % of Group VIII metal. The zeolite may be mixed with 25% to 75% by weight of total composite of an inorganic oxide diluent which may have hydrogenation activity or may carry a hydrogenation agent. The diluent may be an oxide of Cr, Mo or W; or an oxide of Al or Si, a co-gel of SiO 2  and oxides of Al, Zr, Ti, Th or mixtures thereof, or a clay such as kaolin, attapulgite, sepiolite, polygarskite, bentonite, montinorillonite, carrying as hydro= genating agent 0.05% to 20% Group VIII noble metals or Cr, Ni, Mo, W, Co, Ag, Cu, Re, Sn or Pb.
Patent GB-209253-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the utilisation of waste gases from furnaces
IPC: F23M20/00
Filed: 1922-11-22
Abstract: 209,253. Haller, J. G., and McLaren, G. Nov. 22, 1922. Heating air; feed-water, heating. - Flues C, bifurcated after entry into a chamber B, and looped and finally re-united before passing out of the chamber, are arranged so that the looped parts are vertical. A draught is thereby created sufficient to enable a chimney stack to be dispensed with. Air is heated by passing through the chamber and water may be heated by spraying on to the heated flues or into the heated air or by passing the heated air through coils in a water tank.
Patent GB-299891-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to glass run channels and automobile bodies incorporating the same
IPC: B60J5/04
Filed: 1928-11-02
Abstract: 299,891. Budd Manufacturing Co., E. G., (Assignees of Ledwinka, J.). Nov. 3, 1927, [Convention date]. Doors for passenger vehicles. - The glass run channel of a window, particularly the window of an all-metal motorvehicle door of the kind built. up of inner and outer panels formed as onepiece stampings, is constructed of two interconnected one-piece stampings of closed polygonal formation. In the door construction shown the outer and inner panels 20, 21 respectively are joined together at their meeting edges 24 to form the door overlap, and at their upper portions are connected on the two sides and top by crimped joints 23, Figs. 2-4, to the glass run channel 25, thus furnishing a window opening 22. The glass run channel is built up of two rectangular stampings which are adapted to fit one into the other and are of angle-section on the sides, Figs. 2 and 3, of channel-section at the top, Fig. 4, and have substantially plane portions at the bottom, Fig. 5. At the hinge side, Fig. 2, the two stampings are welded together and are also welded directly to the inner panel 21, while at the jamb side. Fig. 3, the two stampings are welded to each other and are connected to the panel 21 through the medium of a channel-membar 32 formed as an integral extension of one of the stampings. The stampings are strengthened at the sides and bottom by corrugations 26, 28, and at the top and bottom by the offsets 30, 27. Channels 34 are secured to the inner panel 21 to receive the glass in the lower part of the door.
Patent GB-897532-A (GB)
Title: Amplifier-regulating circuits
IPC: H03K3/30
Filed: 1958-10-08
Abstract: 897,532. Transistor circuits. RAMOWOOLDRIDGE CORPORATION. Oct. 8, 1958 [Oct. 14, 1957], No. 32167/58. Class 40(6).  An amplifying device which is subject to minority carrier saturation effects has an output transformer with its secondary winding connected back to the primary so as to prevent saturation. In Fig. 2 when the transistor is switched on by an input pulse the change of voltage at the collector beyond a certain value is prevented by conduction of a rectifier 24 connected to the secondary winding. The maximum current is limited by resistors 37 and 42 and switching action is assisted by feedback through a diode 54, though in Fig. 1, not shown, this is omitted. Fig. 3 shows a bi-stable circuit comprising two circuits such as are shown in Fig. 2 using a common transformer core and having the collector and base circuits cross coupled. Windings 68 are the primary windings, winding 67 is the secondary winding and diodes pairs D3, D4 and Dl, D2 correspond to 24 and 54 respectively. A further pair of windings 69 in the emitter circuits reduce the emitter voltages to zero when the circuit is non-conducting so as to increase the trigger sensitivity. The circuit is arranged to be continuously triggered by clock pulses between its two stable states and to be controlled so that an output pulse train of one phase represents a "NOUGHT" state and a train of the other phase represents a "ONE" state. The circuit has an input Cp for clock pulses 70 (Fig. 4b), an input Rp for reset pulses 71 occurring between the clock pulses, and inputs gF and gT for false (nought) and true (one) signals respectively (Fig. 4b). Gating circuits 60D1 and 60D2 are controlled by a memory capacitor 66c so that the clock and reset pulses are applied only to the transistor which is non-conducting. The circuit is such that in the absence of any input signals at gF or gT the circuit will normally be triggered one way by each clock pulse and the other way by the next reset pulse: The presence of a signal at gF or gT will however cause a short circuit of the clock pulse to the corresponding side of the circuit (Fig. 4b) so that if the circuit is in the state in which the clock pulse would normally cause switching, the switching is not effected. Thus normal switching is not effected and the output waveform changes its phase as at 85, the change of phase representing a change from "one" to "nought" or vice versa. If the circuit is in a state such that the clock pulse to the side of the circuit to which the input signal is applied would not have caused switching the short circuiting of the clock pulse will not cause a change of phase, as shown at n (Fig. 4b).
Patent GB-361553-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polishing buffs, discs, wheels, and the like composedof fabric
IPC: B24D13/08
Filed: 1930-10-28
Abstract: 361,553. Polishing-discs &c. BIAS BINDINGS CO., Ltd. and TURNER, J., Gorgie Road, Edinburgh. Oct. 28, 1930, No. 32285. [Class 60.] A polishing disc &c. is formed by rolling a strip of fabric cut on the bias, with the threads at 45‹ to the edges of the strip, into a ring, one edge of which has secured thereto a tape F forming a pocket to receive a wire &c. G along which the tape and fabric are gathered, the wire being formed to a ring, the diameter of which corresponds to that of the central opening E of the disc.
Patent GB-755192-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polishing devices
Inventor: HENDRICKSON FRITZ EUGENE
IPC: B24D13/06
Filed: 1954-11-08
Abstract: 755,192. Buffs. NORTON CO. Nov. 8, 1954, No. 32316/54. Class 60 A polishing device comprises an abrasive element adapted to be removably attached to a polishing wheel hub 24, Fig. 5, the element having at least one sheet of fibrous material 20, Fig. 11, which is provided with an adherent coating of abrasive on at least one surface and is pleated to form wave-like edges before being folded at 23. The sheet may be of paper or cloth with a coating of emery which is omitted or removed in the region 19 of the fold and the pleats may overlap either partially or completely as shown in Figs. 2 and 9 respectively. Slits 46 may be provided to improve flexibility and uncoated spaces may be inserted between the pleats to prevent rubbing and loss of abrasive. Each element may be formed from a number of sheets which are stacked before pleating and folding. In the preferred construction, one or more elements are placed about each of a number of steel or aluminium mounting tubes 52, Fig. 10, permanently secured to metal or fibre flanges 53 so as to form a cartridge which may be easily mounted on or removed from the wheel hub 24, Fig. 5, provided with a detachable flange 26 and a number of pins 34 to receive the tubes 52. The elements may, alternatively, be directly mounted on the pins 34 which may have a rectangular cross-section.
Patent GB-683770-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the manufacture of 4:5-diphenylphthalic acids and anhydrides
IPC: C07C63/331
Filed: 1949-12-16
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 4 : 5-diphenyl-phthalic acid and substituted 4 : 5-diphenylphthalic acid and the anhydrides of these acids comprises heating anhydroacetone benzil or a substitution derivative thereof with a monochloro- or monobromo-maleic acid or a monochloro- or monobromo-fumaric acid or a functional derivative of these acids.  The reactants may be heated together, e.g. at 150 DEG -250 DEG  C. in a solvent, e.g. nitrobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene.  A dehydrating agent, e.g. potassium bisulphate, may be added to the reaction mixture.  It is suggested that in the mixture anhydroacetonebenzil, i.e. 1 : 2-diphenylcyclo - pent - 2 - en - 4 - one - 1 - ol) is dehydrated to 1 : 2 - diphenyl - cyclopent - 2 : 5-dien-4-one which undergoes a Diels-Alder reaction with the halogenomaleic acid, and the adduct by loss of halogen acid and endocarbonyl group yields the desired product.  In examples: (1) to (5) 4 : 5-diphenylphthalic acid or anhydride is obtained by reacting anhydroacetonebenzil with (1-4) chlormaleic anhydride, (5) chlorfumaric acid, with different solvents and isolation methods. Similarly to (2) are prepared (no solvents and addition of alkali to yield the acid salt): (6) 4 : 5-di-(p-methylphenyl) phthalic acid; (7) 4 : 5-di-(p-chlorphenyl) phthalic acid; (8) and (9) 4 : 5-diphenyl-3-methylphthalic acid (from 1 : 2-diphenyl-3-(or 5-) methyl-cyclopent-2-en-4-one-1-ol); (10) 3 : 4 : 5-triphenyl-phthalic acid (from 1 : 2 : 3-triphenylcyclopent-2-en-4-one-1-ol.  For use in examples (6) and (7) are prepared 1 : 2 - di - (p - methylphenyl) - cyclopent - 2 - en - 4 - one-1-ol from acetone and p : p1-dimethylbenzil, and 1 : 2 - di - (p - chlorophenyl) - cyclopent - 2 - en-4-one-1-ol from p : p1-dichlorobenzil and acetone.
Patent GB-793071-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to high strength crystals
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1955-11-11
Abstract: <PICT:0793071/III/1> Single crystals are produced by deposition from the vapour phase by vaporizing the material to be deposited, exposing a substrate to the vapour, controlling the degree of supersaturation of the vapour by the adjustment of the temperature of the vapour according to the equation: <FORM:0793071/III/1> (where a  is the ratio of the partial pressure of the vapour to the equilibrium partial pressure of the vapour at the deposition temperature, a is the interlayer spacing of the material, p is the density of the material, o is the surface free energy of the material, k is Boltzmann's constant, R is the molar gas constant, B is equal to 1020 seconds-1, <\>pN is the surface nucleation rate for the material, and T is the deposition temperature in degrees Kelvin) and maintaining the deposition temperature of the substrate below that of the vapour so that two-dimensional nucleation of the material on the substrate is presented, whereby single, rod-like crystals are formed on the substrate.  Material 8 (Fig. 2) to be crystallized is placed in a container 5, which is evacuated at 9, the container then being heated by two furnaces 6 and 7.  The temperature of the furnace 7 is the deposition temperature T in the equation above, and is lower than the temperature of the furnace 6 which vaporizes the material.  The temperature difference is adjusted so that the proper degree of supersaturation of the vaporized material is maintained, and rod-like single crystals 10 are deposited on the upper walls of the container 5.  Examples of materials crystallized are cadmium, zinc, silver and cadmium sulphide, and the corresponding temperatures and values for a are given.
Patent GB-1447755-A (GB)
Title: Separating apparatus
IPC: B01D29/03
Filed: 1972-07-11
Abstract: 1447755 Filter apparatus NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP 30 Aug 1973 [11 July 1972] 32379/72 Heading BID  An apparatus for dewatering farm slurry comprises a screen 13, one or more rollers 38, 57 for expressing the liquid through the screen one or more sweeping members, e.g. brushes 32, for sweeping solid material from the screen and means for moving the rollers and the sweeping members across the screen in cyclical movement, the cycle having a first interval wherein a roller is urged against the screen and a second interval wherein the roller is removed from the screen to a position 50 wherein solid material collected on the roller can be released to fall clear of the screen. The rollers and brushes are suitably mounted on rotary arms 16, 17 with the rollers trailing the arms in the direction of rotation and spring biassed against the screen. Solids are swept by the brushes to outlet shoot 51. Extension tracks 50 are provided based the outlet end of the screen on which wheels on the ends of the rollers engage to rotate the rollers to and removal of solids adhering thereto. Scrape blades 42 may be provided for each roller and are arranged such that they are held away from the roller surfaces whilst the rollers are in contact with the screen, but are biassed into contact with the rotating rollers when the latter are away from the screen. A preliminary dewatering may be effected by a further screen 12 having rotating brushes 28 associated therewith to sweep the partially dewatered slurry onto screen 13. Filtrate collects in the lower part of housing 30 and is removed by outlet 31. The screens may be perforated screens or mesh screens.
Patent GB-189779-A (GB)
Title: Nozzle for spraying liquids with adjustable scattering effect
IPC: A62C31/00
Filed: 1922-11-27
Abstract: 189,779. Morisseau, J. H. Dec. 1, 1921, [Convention date]. Rotary conical valves. - A spray-nozzle with adjustable seattering effects comprises a conical nozzle h provided with a cock the plug c of which is arranged at an inclination to the axis of the nozzle. The nozzle h is mounted on a shell e, which rotates around the outside of the conical plug c. In a modification, the nozzle is fixed and 'the conical plug cock is mounted at an angle to its bore. By rotating the shell of the plug, the scattering effect of the nozzle may be regulated or the liquid supply entirely cut off.
Patent GB-355114-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of new 3-hydroxy-diarylamine-5-carboxylic acids and their arylides
Filed: 1930-10-28
Abstract: 3-Hydroxydiarylamine-5-carboxylic acids and their arylides are prepared by heating 3 : 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with at least two molecular parts of an aromatic arylamine, which may contain as substituent groups one or more halogen atoms, alkyl or alkoxyl groups, in the presence of an acid-condensing agent.  The arylide thus formed may then be saponified to give the acid.  The arylides of this series in alkaline solutions are distinguished by a great affinity for vegetable fibre.  In Examples: (1) 3 : 5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is condensed with aniline in the presence of hydrochloric acid, the resulting product is made alkaline with sodium carbonate and the excess aniline blown off with steam.  The alkaline solution is filtered from a resinous residue and then acidified to give the anilide of 3 : 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.  The resinous residue is boiled with water, dissolved in dilute caustic soda, filtered and acidified which precipitates the anilide of 3-hydroxydiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid.  This compound may then be boiled with caustic soda, filtered and acidified to give 3 - hydroxydiphenylamine - 5 - carboxylic acid.  (2) Zinc chloride is used as a condensing agent instead of the hydrochloric acid used in example 1.  (3) 3 : 5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-chloraniline are condensed together in the presence of hydrochloric acid, poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered.  The mass from the filter is boiled with water and filtered hot the cooled filtrate giving crystals of the 4-chloranilide of 3 : 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.  The residue is dissolved in dilute caustic soda, filtered and acidified giving the 4-chloranilide of 3-hydroxy-41-chlorodiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid which may further be saponified to give 3-hydroxy-41-chlorodiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid.  (4) 3 : 5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-toluidine (or 1 : 3-dimethyl-4-aminobenzene, or 4-anisidine) are condensed together in the presence of hydrochloric acid and the mass is poured into dilute hydrochloric acid and filtered.  The solid matter is boiled with dilute sodium carbonate and filtered the alkaline filtrates yielding on acidification the 4-toluidide (or the m-xylidide or 4-anisidide) of 3 : 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.  The resinous mass is dissolved in caustic soda, filtered and acidified to give the 4-toluidide of 3-hydroxy-41-methyldiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid (the m-xylidide of 21-41-dimethyl-3-hydroxydiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid or the 4-anisidide of 3-hydroxy-41-methoxydiphenylamine-5-carboxylic acid), which yields, on saponification, the acid.