Patent GB-1010987-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors
IPC: G21C19/16
Filed: 1964-09-14
Abstract: 1,010,987. Fuelling and servicing reactors. GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION. Sept. 14, 1964 [Sept. 17, 1963], No. 37456/64. Heading G6C. A reactor comprises a reactive core, means defining a passageway extending generally vertically above the core, a rod element supported within the core for generally vertical movement therein and spaced horizontally from the passageway when the rod is in its working position, and a device for facilitating vertical movement of the rod through said passageway, characterized in that said device includes a leg, means for lowering the leg through the passageway into the core and alongside the rod, and a grappler on said leg for guiding and supporting the lower portion of said rod. The reactor.-Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a reactor 40 includes a pressure vessel 42 surrounded by shielding material 44. The pressure vessel 42 contains a core 46 in which rod elements 48, such as fuel elements, dummy fuel elements, reflector rod elements, control rods, control rod guide tubes and the like, are operatively positioned in axially vertical position. With reference to Fig. 3, each rod element 48 has its bottom end 50 seated on a platform 52 of the core and slidably engaged with a part extending upwardly from the platform 52. In the present instance said platform is equipped with a fixed axially vertical dowel pin 54 extending upwardly into an axially vertical socket 56 in the bottom of the rod. The socket 56 and the dowel 54 on which the socket 56 snugly slides are long enough to hold the rod in a sufficiently vertical position to co-operate with the rod-handling devices later described. Hexagonal groups of rods 48 are positioned in the core generally as shown in Fig. 2, and one or more, in this case two, control rods 60 are provided for each group of fuel rod elements. Each pair of control rods 60 is below a passageway in the form of an access opening or nozzle 62 which contains a removable actuating mechanism for raising and lowering the control rods as required. The rod-handling machine.-When it is desired to replace a group of rod elements 48 as indicated by the dotted hexagon in Fig. 2, the control rods and control rod guide tubes and related mechanism are first removed by drawing them upwardly by a suitable means such as a hoist through the associate vertically aligned passageway 62 which provides direct vertical access to the upper ends of the control rods. Then those fuel elements 48 which are directly under the passageway 62, are removed in a similar manner. After the rods under the access passageway 62 have been removed, the refuelling machine 70 is operatively positioned in the access opening 62 and a transfer cask 72 is moved, as on a tracked bridge 74, into proper orientation to co-operate with said refuelling machine 70. With reference to Figs. 4-6, the refuelling machine 70 includes a head portion 76 adapted in this case to a reactor isolation valve or shielding shutter 80, which is secured to the reactor access passageway 62. Mounted for rotation on, and depending from the head 76, is a hollow main column 78 which is inserted into the access opening 62. The head 76 includes means (Fig. 7) in the form of an azimuth drive motor 79a operated from a remote control centre (not shown) and drivingly coupled with a ring gear 79b fixed to a stationary portion of the head 76 for rotating the main column 78 in azimuth. A brake 79c is coupled with the ring gear to hold the main column in desired azimuth position and an azimuth indicator device 79d, in the present case a selsyn motor, is also coupled to the ring gear and suitably connected with the remote control centre for indicating the azimuth position of the main column. With the main column properly positioned in azimuth, a rod element may be moved vertically, by means of the hoist of the transfer cask 72, through a port 81 (Fig. 7) and a passageway within the main column 78 to or from the rod element position shown in Fig. 4. With particular reference to Fig. 4, a main carriage 82 is mounted for vertical longitudinal movement within the main column 78 and carries a depending cross link mechanism 84 on which is mounted a vertically disposed rigid lower column or leg 86. Mounted for vertical longitudinal movement within the leg 86 is a grappler carriage 88 including a grappler 90 which is received in a circumferential peripheral groove 92 at the bottom end of the rod 48, thereby supporting the weight of the rod and holding it against horizontal movement. A safety platform or shelf 93 is adapted to swing out from the lower end of the leg 86 to a position immediately below the rod 48 for supporting the rod should it drop from the grappler 90. The leg 86 carries a vertically disposed sleeve 94 positioned above the grappler 90 and this sleeve telescopically receives the rod 48 so that the rod is retained against any appreciable horizontal movement relative to the leg. To remove rods not directly under the access passageway 62, the grappler carriage 88 is moved downwardly along the leg 86 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the fully down position shown by the grappler 90 in Fig. 6. The main carriage 82 may be moved downwardly in the main column 78 (from the position in Fig. 4) thus carrying the cross link mechanism 84 and the leg 86 downwardly to an intermediate position as shown in Fig. 5. As the main carriage 82 then continues its downward movement, the cross link mechanism 84 is caused to swing transversely of the main column carrying the leg 86 to the position shown in Fig. 6. The approximately horizontal motion of the leg 86 causes the grappler 90 to be positioned in the rod groove 92 whereupon the grappler is closed and the grappler carriage 88 is moved upwardly to unseat the bottom end of the rod from the stand-off pin or dowel 54 and to slide the upper end of the rod element into the sleeve 94. The leg 86 and rod 48 are then moved into alignment with the main column 78 by means of upward motion of main carriage 82 and consequent motion of the cross link mechanism 84. The leg 86 and rod 48 are telescoped upwardly within the main column to the position shown in Fig. 4 so that the top end of the rod element 48 is free to be grasped by the transfer cask hoist and, upon opening of the grappler 90, the element 48 may be hoisted into the transfer cask 72. Upon inserting a rod, the operating cycle previously described is reversed. While the main carriage 82 moves downwardly, the grappler carriage 88 may be moved downwardly along the leg 86 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown by the grappler 90 in Fig. 6. After the leg 86 has been moved horizontally to the position shown in Fig. 6, the grappler carriage 88 may be moved downwardly to engage the bottom end of the rod 48 with the dowel pin 54. The final downward movement of the grappler carriage slides the upper end of the rod element 48 out of the sleeve 94, and seats the rod on the platform 52. The grappler 90 may then be actuated to release the rod element which is now in its operative position in the core. The grappler 90 may be opened and closed only when in its extreme positions as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. The main carriage 82 may now be moved upwardly in the main column 78 to move the leg 86 sideways from the position shown in Fig. 6 back to the intermediate position shown in Fig. 5 from which position the main carriage may be telescoped upwardly to move the leg 86 back into the main column 78, or the main column may be rotated in azimuth and the leg 86 again moved horizontally upon lowering the main carriage to engage another rod 48 for removing the rod. The refuelling machine 70 may also be used to transfer rod elements 48 from positions within the core 46 to other positions in the core after several rod elements 48 have been removed from the core by above mentioned procedures. The mechanical details of the machine 70 are described with reference to Figs. 8-30 (not shown).