baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1364930-A (GB)
Title: Microscope employing a beam of chargedparticles
IPC: H01J29/84
Filed: 1971-08-18
Abstract: 1364930 Electron microscopes PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 18 Aug 1971 [21 Aug 1970] 38753/71 Heading H1D A microscope (e.g. electron microscope) includes an energy selection Wien type filter providing mutually transverse E and H fields in the same field space, also transverse to the charged particle path and in which the filter includes electrostatic and/or magnetic field producing means providing at least one multipolar focusing field for at least partially compensating for image focusing aberration introduced by the Wien filter. The field producing means may be quadrupolar and/or hexapolar fields. Fig. 1 (not shown), includes electrostatic two cylinder lens (5), (7), filter (1) and electrostatic two cylinder lens (8), (6). Filter (1), as in Fig. (2) (not shown), includes four electrostatic electrodes (8) and eight magnetic pole shoes (9), at least one being of adjustable strength. In operation at least one compensating multipolar field is formed as well as the energyselection field configuration. Electrodes (5), (6) are of high potential relative to electrodes (7), 8), lens (5), (7) decelerating and lens (7), (8) accelerating. Compensation of different order errors, one first order, and three second order, are discussed. Combinations include an electrostatic and magnetic quadrupolar lens producing focusing effect of a spherical lens and a second focusing error reduced by a magnetic hexapolar correction field, production of this being discussed in relation to the Fig. 2, arrangement, in most being differential poles with a corresponding increase or decrease in the pole strengths. Exit planes (2), (3) may be 5 cms. apart, the filter dispersion 20 Ám./v. and a resolving power 20 Š for a 100 keV. Fig. 3 includes objective lens 11, diffraction lens 12, projection lens 13, display screen 14, and filter 1 which may be elsewhere in the microscope or at a point beyond the final image, the screen 14 then having a 250 Ám. diameter aperture. The image may be scanned across the display screen and the filter output synchronously scanned across an output display screen. This arrangement enables removal of the filter without disassembly of the microscope. In Fig. 3, electrostatic lens 15 is preferably two-cylinder, a second corresponding lens 16 included, image 19 coincides with object focal plane 21, gap 23 may be displaced in direction of filter or the field strength in filter 1 varied to cover the entire energy spectrum. Filter 1 in position shown produces less aberrations since magnification (e.g. 150 x ) has already occurred. Lens 13 may magnify 125 Î. Lens 15, 16 preferably do not magnify.
Patent GB-1242391-A (GB)
Title: Oxidation of hydrocarbon oils
Inventor: COOK PATRICK SEYMOUR LAVINGTON
IPC: C09C1/50
Filed: 1967-08-23
Abstract: 1,242,391. Carbon black furnace. PHILBLACK Ltd. 22 Aug., 1968 [23 Aug., 1967], No. 38762/67. Heading C1A. [Also in Division F4] A reactor for oxidizing hydrocarbons to produce carbon black or soot free combustion products comprises a closed outer tube 2, a head 6, a refractory tube 12, 18 contained at least partially within the outer tube, a tangentially disposed outlet passage at the end of tube 12, 18 and a heat exchanger 26 in the outlet passage, oxygen containing gas being preheated in the heat exchanger 26 and then passed to the ignition zone in head 6 through the space between the refractory tube and outer tube via inlet 24. The air enters inlet 24 tangentially in the same spin direction as it leaves the refractory tube at the tangential outlet. Oil is atomized in nozzle 8 by air preheated in coils 30 and sprayed into heat 6 which is refractory lined. Cool air is introduced tangentially through aperture 10 (Fig. 2, not shown). Water spray is introduced into the section 18 through a spray 20 when carbon black is the desired product. If soot free products are desired, section 18 and spray 20 may be omitted. The inner tube 12 has a steel sheath 16 spaced from outer tube 2 by water cooled pins. A layer of fibrous refractory material may be interposed between sheath 16 and tube 12 to accommodate expansion. The outer tube 2 may be of steel insulated internally or externally.
Patent GB-1286822-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in touch detecting teaching machines
IPC: G09B7/06
Filed: 1968-08-14
Abstract: 1286822 Teaching machines BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Ltd 14 Nov 1969 [14 Aug 1968] 38851/68 Heading G5G In a teaching machine as disclosed in Specification 1,160,702 or Specification 1,286,823, in which the user must make a selection between visible items on a touch-sensitive screen or screens means are provided for making the "right-answer" item more brightly illuminated than the wrong answer ones. Such means provide 'adaptive cueing', i.e. can be used to train very young or backward children in the use of the machine. The degree of difference in the illumination of right and wrong answers may be variable between a state in which the wrong answers are not illuminated at all and one in which they are nearly as bright as the right one; such variation van be automatically controlled by the machine in accordance with the user's performance, e.g. by use of a performance computer as described in Patent No. 1,160,701. The means for making the wrong answer items less bright than the right ones may consist of means for reducing the voltage applied to lamps which illuminate them or in variable transmission filters associated with such lamps. The filters may be pairs of relatively rotatable polarizers or electro-optic devices whose transmission of light is varied by the application thereto of an A.C. electric field.
Patent GB-876830-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the impregnation of hardboard
IPC: D21J1/08
Filed: 1959-11-18
Abstract: 876,830. Proofing hardboard. STATENS SKOGSINDUSTRIER A.B. Nov. 18, 1959 [Nov. 20, 1958], No. 39038/59. Class 140. Hardboard is proofed against water, fire, mildew or insects by maintaining a pressure difference on opposite sides of the board, by subjecting the impregnating solution to a pressure of at least 1 kg./cm.<SP>2</SP>, whereby the impregnating liquid is forced through the board, the solvent being subsequently evaporated. As shown, the board 6 is supported on a sealing ring 4 in a chamber 1 which has a clamped-on cover 7 and is enclosed in an outer chamber 2. A pump 9 pumps impregnating liquid from a well 3 in chamber 2 and forces it, at pressures between 1 and 20 kilograms per sq. cm. regulated by a valve 12, into the chamber 1 beneath the board. Liquid emerging from the board escapes via wire mesh 6. The Specification describes the proofing of board (1) against termites with an aqueous solution of sodium pentachlorphenate, and (2) against fire with an aqueous solution of urea and phosphoric acid or a phosphate, preferably in molecular ratio 3 : 1 to 10 : 1, or such a solution in which the ingredients have been reacted with one another, in high concentration, e.g. 40-55% of solids. Treatment with aqueous solutions of urea or phenol resins is also mentioned. The board is subsequently heated to drive off the water, any reaction, e.g. the hardening or resins, being completed simultaneously. Alcohol or other solvent may be used instead of water. The board treated may be prehardened, or may be hardened after or simultaneously with the impregnation treatment.
Patent GB-1079299-A (GB)
Title: Method of extrusion
Inventor: BACHUS BENSON FLOYD
IPC: B29C48/92
Filed: 1964-09-25
Abstract: 1,079,299. Extruding expanded synthetic resin. WESTERN ELECTRIC CORPORATED Inc. Sept. 25, 1964 [Sept. 27, 1963], No. 39105/64. Heading B5A. In a method of producing an article, at least a portion of which is of expanded synthetic resin, the resin, and a heat decomposable blowing agent, e.g. polypropylene (black or white) and hydrodicarbonamide, are subjected to heat and pressure and extruded through the die of an extrusion moulding machine, the major portion of the total expansion of the material occurring before the material enters the die. In the embodiment shown, a pre-heated wire 11, Fig. 1, is coated with expanded resin 12 on passing through the die 17 of an extrusion machine 14, the wire and coating being cooled by quenching in a water trough 16 and passed through capacitance monitors 18, 19 and an eccentricity and diameter sensing device (not shown) to be wound on reels. The monitors 18, 19 variously adjust the process by signals sent to a capstan 13, to vary the speed of the wire 11 and to the trough 16, to vary the distance of section 24, which moves telescopically with respect to section 26, from the outlet of die 17. Materials are fed to the machine, preferably granules or pellets dusted with the blowing agent, and are worked towards a breaker plate 31, Fig. 6, by means of a screw feed 29 within a cylinder 27. The cylinder has independently controllable heaters (44 and 46-48), Figs. 3A, 3B (not shown), and the internal diameter of the cylinder decreases for most of its length towards the breaker plate 31. The material is thereby subjected to increasing temperature and pressure sufficient to decompose the blowing agent, but to prevent expansion. The pressure may be varied by varying the speed of the screw 29 or by changing the size of the openings in breaker plate 31. The material suffers a pressure drop, e.g. 5000 p.s.i. to 2600 p.s.i., at the plate 31 and expands within chamber 39 of extrusion head 32, the temperature of the head being maintained constant by means of a controllable heater 57. Preferably more than 90% of the total expansion takes place within head 32 with only a further minor expansion taking place between die 17 and trough 16. The machine is provided with pressure gauges as at 66 and 74 and air-cooling ducts 54 usuable to prevent overheating. A diagram giving temperature and pressure curves suitable for black polypropylene is given (Fig. 7, not shown).
Patent GB-1192829-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to devices for Determining the Dust Content of Flowing Gases
IPC: G01N15/06
Filed: 1967-08-25
Abstract: 1,192,829. Testing gases. ROBERT BOSCH G.m.b.H. 25 Aug., 1967 [26 Aug., 1966], No. 39203/67. Heading BIT. [Also in Divisions Fl and F2] Diesel engine exhaust gases are tested for soot content by drawing a gas sample through a section of filter paper 9, which is clamped across a bore through screw 13 by spring- loaded member 5 when piston 15 is withdrawn. Normally the piston is held in position shown by a latch (not shown), and slidable pins 14 hold member 5 back so that paper strip 9 can be wound from magazine (27) across the gas path to winder (28) (Fig. 1, not shown). The latch is released by squeezing rubber bulb (25), whereupon springs 21, 21' move the piston rightwards to draw the gas sample from tube 10 through the paper. Spring 8 moves member 5, to clamp the paper once the piston has moved a little way. The gas displaced from the right of the piston is exhausted through a valve (31), which is manually adjustable to deliver compressed air to return the piston to its starting place.
Patent GB-886006-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of ethylene and its homologues
IPC: C07C11/04
Filed: 1959-11-20
Abstract: Ethylene and other gaseous olefines are produced by cracking fossil fuels or synthetic hydrocarbons in an atmosphere of ethane, such that the partial pressure of ethane is at least 50% of the total pressure, at a temperature near but below the ethane dissociation temperature, e.g. 600 DEG C.-1000 DEG C. at atmospheric pressure.  The cracking may be effected by tubular furnaces, moving refractory furnaces, regenerative fixed refractory furnaces or partial combustion.  Ethane preferably provides 60%-100% of the pressure employed and may be used together with propane, butanes and amylenes; methane should not contribute, on average, more than 12.5% of the pressure.  Preferably ethane alone is used, is preheated, the hydrocarbon at normal temperature is sprayed into the ethane, the mixture passed through the heated reaction zone and quenched, e.g. with water, after 0.01-10 seconds.
Patent GB-1067590-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the determination of the stability and trim of ships under various load conditions
IPC: G06G7/70
Filed: 1964-09-29
Abstract: 1,067,590. Determining stability and trim. INSTYTUT MORSKI. Sept. 29, 1964 [Oct. 1, 1963], No. 39566/64. Heading B7M. [Also in Division G1] The stability and trim of ships in operation under various load conditions in compliance with general stability standards are determined by expressing these standards graphically for a given ship in the co-ordinate system (M, #), where M is the vertical moment and # is displacement, as a function M L =f(#) expressing the dependence, of the vertical limiting moment M L  on the ship's displacement #, and plotting on the same diagram points M s  whose coordinates represent the characteristic data for the load conditions under test, i.e. the displacement and the vertical moment, whereby the position of the point M s  relative to the curve M L =f(#) determines the stability of the load condition under test in relation to the stability standard. Similarly a point M T  can be plotted on a curve expressing longitudinal stability, the co-ordinates being M x  (longitudinal moment) and #. The slope of the line joining M s  to its origin indicates the height of the C.G. The position of the point M T  can be used to ascertain the longitudinal position of the C.G. and the trim of the strip. The positions of the points M s  and M T  are governed by the displacement and vertical and longitudinal moments of the unloaded ship and the additive effects of loads due to equipment, cargo &c. placed on board. These effects are determined at various convenient places or sending sections and conveyed to a device which plots the point M s  or M T  on the corresponding stability diagram. The conveying means may be mechanical (Fig. 8, not shown) in which the said effects are obtained via gearing, or electrically in which said effects are obtained via electrical resistances.
Patent GB-1385115-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for determining the granulometric curve of a number of particles of varying size
IPC: G01N21/59
Filed: 1972-08-24
Abstract: 1385115 Investigating a suspension of particles in a liquid COMPAGNIE INDUSTRIELLE DES LASERS 24 Aug 1972 [25 Aug 1971] 39569/72 Heading G1A In a device, Fig. 5, for determining the granulometric curve of a mixture of particles suspended in a fluid 2 mono-chromatic parallel light 1 is passed through the sample and a lens 3 thereby forms a diffraction pattern in its focal plane 4 where light passes via one 15 of a series of apertures which is of an isosceles trapezium shape, Fig. 2, 6 and 8, (not shown). The apex of the isosceles triangle, from which the shape is formed, is coincident with the optical axis 5 and the centre of the diffraction pattern. The radiation passing through the aperture is received by a photo-sensitive detector 8. The series of apertures are used to investigate various annular sections of the diffraction pattern to provide a series of intensity readings which are used (in a computing circuit 9) to solve a disclosed set of linear equations and provide information as to the percentages present of particles of several specified sizes. Several different ways of forming the series of apertures are disclosed: (i) A series of diaphragms, Figs. 14, 20, (not shown) having a different sized aperture is used and each diaphragm is placed in position behind the pattern then, after measurement, removed and replaced by another in the series. (ii) A series of isosceles trapezuim shaped apertures can be formed in a disc, Fig. 5 and 6 (not shown), which is rotated by a "step-by-step" motor and each one in turn is interposed behind the diffraction pattern, the photo-sensitive detector 8 being moved by a cam mechanism 21, 22, to the part of the diffraction pattern being monitored. (iii) A stationary diaphragm 24, Fig. 7, Figs. 8 and 9 (not shown) with an isosceles triangle shaped apertures 25 is used in combination with a moving slot aperture 27 whose slot 28 width varies as it is moved across the trangular aperture 25. As previously, the detector 8 moves with the slot 28, the slot 28 width and the position of the slot being controlled by cams 35 and a gear mechanism 40 associated with a "step-by-step" motor 37. The description includes a discussion, referring to graphs, Figs. 3 and 4, on determining the dimentions of the apertures.
Patent GB-1079361-A (GB)
Title: Cargo restraining apparatus
IPC: B60P1/52
Filed: 1964-02-11
Abstract: 1,079,361. Securing loads in vehicles; pallets. AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO. Feb. 11, 1964 [Feb. 11, 1963], No. 39610/63. Headings B8E and B8H. [Also in Division E2] Pre-loaded pallets are loaded into a vehicle such as aircraft over roller or ball anti-friction devices arranged in trays detachably secured to the vehicle floor, such as to the seat rails of an aircraft, to form tracks. The pallets are secured to the trays by locking mechanisms, as described in Specification 1,079,363. Each tray 16, Fig. 3a, mounting rollers 24 is secured to the track 42 of the seat rails of an aircraft by a locking unit such as 58, Fig. 8. Each unit 58 comprises screws 92 with locking elements 49 which are inserted in openings 52 in the tracks and then the elements 49 are moved beneath the intervening shoulders and are held in position by the shoulders 100 of an operating pin 98. The outer tracks 16 may be provided with adjustable guides 14, Fig. 9 (not shown), to prevent lateral movement of the pallets. Two examples of pallets used are described in one case, Figs. 19 to 23 (not shown), a simple board has recesses in its edge mounting hooks which are engaged by rings of a net enclosing and restraining the load while the edges of the pallet are secured to the trays 16 by the aforesaid looking mechanism. In the other example a pallet 236, Fig. 21, has an edge stripping 286 with recesses mounting rings 290 for attaching load restraining straps. As the stripping 286 does not extend to the corners of the pallet dogs 34 and 36 do not engage and a spring urged looking device 244 may be provided. These looking devices 244 are also provided at the ends of the trays 16. When a side loading door is used, Fig. 16 (not shown), the entrance loading plates are provided with ball-bearing mats to allow manoeuvring of the pallets on to the tray 16.
Patent GB-1036314-A (GB)
Title: Injectable solution of acetylsalicylic acid
IPC: A61K47/24
Filed: 1963-10-09
Abstract: A medicament which is intended to be administered by injection, especially by intravenous injection, comprises a sterile solution of acetyl salicylic acid in an aqueous solution of sodium glycerophosphate or of 2-amino-2-methoxy-1, 3-propane diol.  The medicament may be in the form of a double-ampoule, one ampoule containing the sterile acetylsalicylic acid in powdered form, and the other ampoule containing the appropriate volume of sterile solvent.
Patent GB-1154051-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Extrusion Apparatus.
IPC: B29B9/06
Filed: 1966-09-06
Abstract: 1,154,051. Extrusion pelletizers. REXALL DRUG & CHEMICAL CO. 6 Sept., 1966 [17 Sept., 1965], No. 39795/66. Heading B5A. In an extrusion pelletizer of the kind comprising a die plate (10), Fig. 1 (not shown), having orifices (11), and a heat-insulating die face plate (18) against which a cutter blade (19) is axially rotated, the orifices 11, Fig. 4, each terminate in a metal wear member 21, which members are distributed so that wear on the operative surface of the blade is substantially uniform. As shown, orifices 11 are disposed in radial rows with the radial gaps between each wear member being equal to the radial dimension of a wear member and with the wear members in one row being staggered by the radial dimension of a member relative to adjacent rows. Wear members 22 which do not surround orifices 11 may also be employed. In a modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), circular wear members are described. Die plate (10), Fig. 1 (not shown), is preferably heated by a circulating fluid, face plate (18) may be of synthetic resin or ceramic material and extrusion is preferable into a cooling liquid within a chamber (15).
Patent GB-1565599-A (GB)
Title: Stepping motor
IPC: G04C13/11
Filed: 1977-09-27
Abstract: A step motor for an electronic wristwatch is provided wherein the load on the rotor is reduced. The reduction in the load on the rotor is provided by the configuration of a rotor pinion supporting the rotor and the manner in which same is supported by the rotor support assembly. The rotor pinion includes first and second trunions respectively disposed in first and second bearings. The rotor pinion includes first and second shoulders axially recessed from the ends of the trunions by a predetermined distance so as to define a clearance between the respective shoulders and the respective bearings for each rotary position of the rotor.
Patent GB-1455408-A (GB)
Title: Welding apparatus
IPC: B23K9/028
Filed: 1972-08-30
Abstract: 1455408 Welding by fusion FOSTER WHEELER POWER PRODUCTS Ltd 7 Nov 1973 [30 Aug 1972 (2)] 40264/72 and 40265/72 Heading B3R Apparatus for rotary seal welding a tube 170 to a tube plate 172 comprises a gas-shielded arc welding head 134 adjustably mounted, by way of bolted-together slotted members 136, 140, on a laminated plastics body 62 journaled, by needle rollers 66, on a stem 10, the latter having releasably screw-threaded therein a slotted collet 61 expandable into engagement with the workpiece tube bore. The slotted members 136, 140 allow adjustment of the heihgt and angle of the head with respect to the workpiece tube plate and of the welding head operating radius. The collet 61 is expandable by a pull rod 11 which has a collet-engaging cam head 120 and is actuated by rotation of a member 108 acting on a rod-secured stop 110 and reacting on a cam track 102. Workpiece tubes of different diameters may be welded using different collets machined to suit the tube bores. The stem comprises serially-connected inner and outer annular cooling fluid chambers separated by an intermediate tube 12 and connected respectively to inlet and outlet tubes 20, 22. The welding head is rotated by a D.C. motor 82 via a gear-box 88 and gearing 92, 74. Current is fed to the welding head via a lug 150. The lower end of the stem 10 is surrounded by ceramic collars 44, 54, the former being secured by glued-in bearing balls 48.
Patent GB-1395995-A (GB)
Title: Ultrasonically joining cubic crystal structure metal members
IPC: B23K20/10
Filed: 1972-08-31
Abstract: 1395995 Welding by pressure INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 31 Aug 1972 [17 Sept 1971] 40394/72 Heading B3 [Also in Division C7] In joining two cubic crystal structure metal members together a layer of gold having a purity better than 99À98% and a Knoop hardness between 50 and 100 is formed on each member, each gold layer showing no internal structural variations when viewed optically at a magnification of 500, the members are held together with their gold coatings in contact and are vibrated at ultrasonic frequency to form a gold to gold bond. A glass fibre circuit board comprising a glass fibre body 121 with a copper layer 122 thereon plated with a layer 124 of smooth soft gold is held in a work-holder 100 and copper wire 126 plated with a layer 128 of smooth soft gold is ultrasonically vibrated by a tip 110 driven via a rod 108 from a magnetostrictive transducer 106, the wire being held against the board by a spring 112. Prior to plating the wire and board they are cleaned, the board by an abrasive cleaner and a sulphuric acid dip and the wire by dipping in a solution of thio-urea and acid and then in fluorboric acid. After rinsing, a gold strike is applied to each member in a plating bath using 15-25 amps per square foot (asf) of area and finally using a current density of 2-6 asf a smooth soft gold layer is provided on the board and using 2-15 asf a smooth soft gold layer is provided on the wire. Other cubic crystal structure metals such as nickel and permalloy (nickel-iron alloy) may be similarly bonded and the bonded members may be of different metals.