Patent GB-1281571-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the removal of CO2 and/or H2S from gaseous mixtures
Inventor: GIAMMARCO GIUSEPPE
IPC: B01D53/14
Filed: 1969-07-11
Abstract: 1281571 Separating CO 2  and/or H 2 S VETROCOKE COKAPUANIA SpA and G GIAMMARCO 11 July 1969 [13 July 1968 18 July 1968 19 April 1969 23 April 1969] 35176/69 Heading C1A In a process for removing CO 2  and/or H 2 S from a gas mixture by contacting it with an aqueous liquid absorbent and then regenerating the absorbent in a regeneration phase operating at a pressure below that of the absorption phase, (1) a quantity of heat sufficient to cause desorption, in the regeneration phase, of at least part of the absorbed CO 2  and/or H 2 S is transferred  from the gas mixture to the absorbent while the absorbent is at a pressure substantially the same as it has in the absorption phase; and (2) the temperature of the gas mixture immediately prior to the transfer of heat is above 130‹ C. The gas temperature may be at least 180‹ C. and the quantity of heat transferred may be sufficient to provide, in the regeneration phase, steam which can assist with the desorption of the CO 2  and/or H 2 S. The heat transfer may be effected by direct contact between the gas mixture and the absorbent, and may be given up to the absorbent (A) after it has chemically absorbed the CO 2  and/or H 2 S, or (B) during the absorption. Specified absorbents are: alkaline carbonate or arsenite solutions which may contain arsenoius acid, tellurium and selenium compounds, amino acids, e.g. glycine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or boric acid. In one embodiment of (A) (Fig. 1), liquid absorbent flows countercurrent to a gas mixture fed in at the foot of an absorption column, such that absorption takes place largely in zone Z s  and heat transfer largely in zone Z i . A hot fraction F c  of loaded absorbent is withdrawn and fed to a regeneration column R where it expands to desorb the CO 2  and/or H 2 S and where it supplies regenerating heat to a relatively cold fraction F F  of loaded absorbent entering the top of R. The remaining heat (if any) needed to operate the cycle is supplied by reheater R i , heated by the feed gas mixture. In further embodiments of (A), (1) the hot fraction F c  is fed to an intermediate level of R; (2) prior to contact between the gas mixture and the absorbent, heat is transferred from the gas to a pressurized aqueous liquid, e.g. water, which is expanded in 1 or 2 stages to provide steam which is injected into the regeneration zone. In an embodiment of (B) (Fig. 5), partially loaded and heated absorbent is withdrawn at P, cooled and partially regenerated at E (by flash expansion or treatment with desorbent gases) and recycled for absorption of further CO 2  and/or H 2 S. The loaded absorbent from the foot of the absorption column is regenerated in R by heat supplied by re-boiler R i . The vapour obtained from E is fed into an intermediate level of R. In further embodiments of B, (1) (Fig. 6, not shown), a one-zoned absorption column and all the loaded absorption solution is withdrawn from the foot of the absorption column and fed to the top of the regenerating column. The flow rate and temperature of the absorbent solution is such that it becomes heated to a temperature at which the partial pressure of CO 2  and/or H 2 S in the gas mixture is 1À5-2 times the partial pressure of CO 2  and/or H 2 S in the solution. In (2) (Fig. 7, not shown), loaded absorbent is withdrawn from the foot of the absorption column and fed to a first regeneration zone. Partly regenerated absorbent is divided into 2 streams, one recycled to an intermediate stage of the absorption column, the other fed to a regeneration zone heated by a reboiler. In (3) (Fig. 8, not shown), all regeneration takes place in zone E.