Patent GB-670310-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to extreme pressure lubricants
Filed: 1949-12-09
Abstract: A mixture of (a) aliphatic compounds containing sulphur and halogen, (b) phosphorized or phosphorized and sulphurized rosin derivatives, and (c) sulphurized or sulphurized and phosphorized esters of C12 or higher fatty acids is added to mineral oil base stocks to form a lubricating composition.  Compound (a) may be prepared by reacting a halogenated compound having an aliphatic chain (e.g. a chlorinated aliphatic acid, ester or hydrocarbon) with an inorganic sulphur salt (alkali or alkaline earth metal sulphide or polysulphide) so as to replace a portion of the halogen with sulphur.  Compound (b) may be prepared by reacting rosin acids, esters, alcohols, abietic acids and esters, hydrogenated derivatives of rosins and hydrogenated abietic acids and esters, and alkylsubstituted hydrogenated or unhydrogenated rosins and abietic acids and esters with a bielemental phosphorus compound (P4S3, P2S5, P4S7, P2O5 or PCl3) at a temperature between 150 DEG  and 300 DEG  F.  If a phosphorized and sulphurized product is desired, the rosin derivative may be heated with sulphur at 250 DEG  to 500 DEG  F. prior to phosphorization.  The sulphurized ester (c) is prepared by reacting esters such as sperm oil, lard oil, methyl oleate, degras (wool fat), isopropyl oleate, cottonseed oil, corn oil and peanut oil with 3-12 per cent of sulphur at 250 DEG  to 500 DEG  F.  If a sulphurized-phosphorized product is desired the sulphurized ester is heated with a bi-elemental phosphorus compound (P4S3, P4S7, P2S5, P2O5 or PCl3) at 150-300 DEG  F.  In an example the sulphur and chlorine containing aliphatic compound is prepared by bubbling chlorine through a mixture of about 40 per cent paraffin wax and 60 per cent kerosene to produce a mixture containing about 37 per cent chlorine.  This is condensed with sodium polysulphide by refluxing in alcoholic solution.  Specifications 508,335, [Group III], and 642,420 are referred to.ALSO:An extreme-pressure lubricating composition comprises a mineral oil base stock to which is added 1-20 per cent by weight of the total composition of an additive mixture comprising (a) aliphatic compounds containing sulphur and halogen, (b) phosphorised or phosphorised and sulphurised rosin derivatives and (c) sulphurised or sulphurised and phosphorised esters of C12 or higher fatty acids, the mixture containing 15 to 50 per cent by weight of component (a) and the ratios of components (b) and (c) being between 40 : 60 and 75 : 25.  Component (a) may be prepared by reacting a halogenated compound having an aliphatic chain (e.g. a chlorinated acid, ester or hydrocarbon) with an inorganic sulphur salt (an alkali or alkaline earth metal sulphide or polysulphide) (see Group IV(b)).  Component (b) may be prepared by heating P4S3, P4S7, P2S5, P2O5 or PCl3 with rosin acids, esters, alcohols, abietic acids and esters, hydrogenated derivatives of rosins and abietic acids and esters, or alkyl substituted hydrogenated or unhydrogenated derivatives of resins and abietic acids and esters.  If a phosporised-sulphurised rosin derivative is desired, the rosin derivative may be heated with sulphur prior to phosphorisation.  Specific rosin derivatives are methyl abietate, methyl ester of rosin acids, abietic acid esters of ethylene glycol, glycerol, octanol and isopropanol and esters of dihydroabietyl alcohol and dextropimaric acid.  Component (c) may be prepared by reacting 3-12 per cent by weight of sulphur at 250 DEG F.-500 DEG F. with esters such as sperm oil, lard oil, methyl oleate, wool fat, isopropyl oleate, cotton-seed oil, corn oil and peanut oil.  If phosphorising is desired, the sulphurised ester may be reacted at 150 DEG F.-300 DEG F. with P4S3, P4S7, P2S5, P2O5 or PCl3.  A preferred blend contains 20-40 per cent of component (a), 30-50 per cent of component (b) and 20-35 per cent of component (c).  The preferred lubricant composition contains 0.15-10 per cent by weight of (a) and 0.2-7 per cent by weight of (c).  In an example 10 per cent by weight of a mixture comprising 30 per cent by weight of a sulphurchlorine containing wax-kerosene mixture, 42 per cent of P4S3-treated sulphurised methylated rosin and 28 per cent sulphurised sperm oil is blended with a mineral oil of viscosity 939.3 SUS at 100 DEG F. Specifications 508,335 and 642,420 are referred to.