baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-I774396-B (TW)
Inventor: Yang quan-xi
IPC: H01R13/52
Filed: 2021-05-27
Granted: 2022-08-11
Abstract: 一種用於音訊介面中的狀態偵測裝置，包含：一第一電壓偵測電路、一第二電壓偵測電路以及一狀態判斷電路。該第一電壓偵測電路耦接於一音訊接頭母座的一第一接點與一第二接點，用以偵測該第一接點與該第二接點之間的跨壓，從而產生一第一偵測值。該第二電壓偵測電路耦接於該音訊接頭母座的一第三接點，用以偵測該第三接點上的電壓，從而產生一第二偵測值。該狀態判斷電路用以根據該第一偵測值判斷該音訊接頭母座的一進水狀態，以及根據該第二偵測值判斷插入該音訊接頭母座的一音訊接頭的一接頭類型。
Patent TW-I772071-B (TW)
Title: Keyboard device and a key structure
Inventor: LIU CHUN-YUAN
IPC: H01H13/70
Filed: 2021-06-22
Granted: 2022-07-21
Abstract: The present invention discloses a keyboard device including a plurality of key structures, each key structure includes a key bottom plate, a key cap, a connecting component, and at least one convex hull structure. The key cap is disposed above the key bottom plate. The connecting component is disposed between the key bottom plate and the key cap. The key cap moves up and down relative to the key bottom plate through the connecting component, and the connecting component includes at least one first hook portion. The convex hull structure is disposed on the key bottom plate, and the first hook portion of the connecting component is connected to the convex hull structure. The convex hull structure includes a top wall, a surrounding wall and a hole. The surrounding wall is connected between the top wall and the key bottom plate, and the hole is disposed on the surrounding wall. The first hook part of the connecting component passes through the hole and abuts against the top wall.
Patent TW-I793683-B (TW)
Title: 熔渣冷卻、粒化和污泥乾化的方法及裝置
Inventor: Xiao yong-li
IPC: C21B3/06
Filed: 2021-07-20
Granted: 2023-02-21
Abstract: 一種乾式粒化熔渣與污泥耦合乾化的製程及裝置，包括如下步驟：1)渣球混合均熱，高溫熔渣與鋼球充分混合、換熱，高溫熔渣的熱量被鋼球快速吸收而冷卻，並被破碎形成粒狀渣，鋼球吸收高溫熔渣熱量而升溫；2)污泥乾化，將高溫鋼球輸送至污泥乾化裝置，與注入的污泥混合，乾化污泥，當污泥含水率達到設定值後鋼球和污泥分離，鋼球和污泥分別排出。本發明利用高溫熔渣餘熱使鋼球升溫，並通過升溫後的鋼球乾化污泥，實現熔渣冷卻、粒化和污泥乾化的協同處理，解決了熔渣冷卻和污泥乾化兩大難題，而且大大提高高溫熔渣餘熱回收利用率。
Patent TW-I777686-B (TW)
Inventor: CHEN CHI YANG
IPC: G01D5/14
Filed: 2021-07-23
Granted: 2022-09-11
Abstract: The inventions is an electronic rotary encoder, which is used to install an A-phase signal and a B-phase signal on the vertical axis of a rotating object to obtain two encoding signals for calculating the speed and position. It includes, at least one Hall element is installed in On the side of the rotating object perpendicular to the axis of rotation, the output Hall signal is used as the A-phase signal square wave; two capacitors controlled by the A-phase signal control switch perform constant current charging and discharging to obtain the first voltage respectively And a second voltage; two buffer gates are controlled by the switch controlled by the A-phase signal, thereby 
outputting waveform signals of the first-X voltage and the second-X voltage; two comparators respectively input the first voltage and the first-X voltage, and the second voltage and the second-X voltage are compared and output a control signal through a latch; and a mutually exclusive OR gate is used to input a direction signal and the control signal output by the latch, to obtain the B-phase signal.
Patent TW-I784658-B (TW)
Title: 基板處理方法以及基板處理裝置
Inventor: NEGORO SEI
IPC: C09K13/00
Filed: 2021-08-09
Granted: 2022-11-21
Abstract: 於基板W形成有凹部95。凹部95的寬度係比凹部95的深度還短。在側面95s的上部的至少一部分以及側面95s的下部的至少一部分露了出表示單晶矽、多晶矽以及非晶矽的至少一個之蝕刻對象物。將已使惰性氣體溶解之鹼性的第一蝕刻液供給至基板W，藉此將蝕刻對象物予以蝕刻。在第一蝕刻液被供給至基板W之前或者在第一蝕刻液被供給至基板W之後將使溶解氣體溶解且溶氧濃度比第一蝕刻液還高之鹼性的第二蝕刻液供給至基板W，藉此將蝕刻對象物予以蝕刻。
Patent TW-I795898-B (TW)
Title: 功率分配裝置
Inventor: YE JIA-AN
IPC: H02J7/04
Filed: 2021-09-01
Granted: 2023-03-11
Abstract: 一功率分配裝置包括一插頭和至少二充電口設置於一外殼上；一充電單元和一處理單元設置於該外殼內；該充電單元電連接該至少二充電口和該插頭，而該處理單元電連接該充電單元；當該處理單元未接收到一觸發訊號時，該處理單元根據一標準分配供電模式控制該至少二充電口的輸出功率；當該處理單元接收到該觸發訊號時，該處理單元根據一第一模式控制該充電單元，並該充電單元對應控制該至少二充電口的輸出功率，使該至少二充電口靈活調整輸出功率，以更有效率的替電連接該至少二充電口的複數電子裝置快速充電。
Patent TW-I771202-B (TW)
Title: Uplink ack resource allocation in new radio
Inventor: WANG RENQIU
IPC: H04L1/18
Filed: 2018-03-13
Granted: 2022-07-11
Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling an UE to selecting acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) resources from a subset of a gNB resource pool. The example method may receive, from an gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) configuration indicating a UE-specific resource set that is a subset of a gNB resource pool. The UE may determine one or more ACK/NACK resources from the UE-specific resource set for an upcoming physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). In some aspects, the UE may determine the one or more ACK/NACK resources based on receiving, from the gNB, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) including a corresponding ACK/NACK resource configuration. In other aspects, the RRC may contain multiple resource subsets and the UE may determine the one or more ACK/NACK resources based on determining a size of a payload for a UCI to be transmitted on the PUCCH. The aspects may thus enable dynamic ACK/NACK resource allocation.
Patent TW-I779924-B (TW)
Inventor: RUAN YU-SHAN
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 2021-11-12
Granted: 2022-10-01
Abstract: A multiple authentication system and a multiple authentication method are provided. The multiple authentication system includes a first electronic device, a server and a second electronic device. The server determines whether a first position information of the first electronic device and a second position information of the second electronic device are identical. If the first location information and the second location information are identical, the server sends an operation prompt and an approval query to the second electronic device. The second electronic device determines whether a predetermined authentication operation is correctly performed. If the second electronic device is correctly performed the predetermined authentication operation, the second electronic device automatically recognizes a location of an approval button of the approval query, and simulates an approval button clicking signal to complete the verification of an authentication request.
Patent TW-I805138-B (TW)
Inventor: LIN YU-CHIEN
IPC: G06K19/12
Filed: 2021-12-20
Granted: 2023-06-11
Abstract: 本揭露公開一種可顯示儲存容量的儲存裝置，其包括一殼體、一儲存元件、一顯示模組以及一控制模組。顯示模組包含一容置顯示槽、一黏性液體及一磁性元件。黏性液體填充於容量顯示槽，且磁性元件可移動地設置在容量顯示槽。控制模組設置在殼體且包含一第一驅動電路、一第二驅動電路以及一控制單元。控制單元電性連接於第一驅動電路、第二驅動電路及儲存元件。第一驅動電路與第二驅動電路分別位於容量顯示槽的相反兩側。控制單元根據儲存元件的一當前容量控制第一驅動電路及第二驅動電路所提供的電流，以驅動磁性元件在容量顯示槽移動。
Patent TW-I790884-B (TW)
Title: 電動支撐桿
Inventor: WU CHI-WANG
IPC: B62D25/12
Filed: 2022-01-07
Granted: 2023-01-21
Abstract: 發明提供一種電動支撐桿其包括一驅動組件、一致動組件及一軸承。驅動組件包括一第一外管及容置在第一外管內的一驅動單元，第一外管之內壁設有一內螺牙。致動組件包括一第二外管及穿設在第二外管內的一傳動螺桿，第二外管軸向延伸出圍繞傳動螺桿間隔排列的複數彈臂，每一彈臂的外側面上分別設有一外牙結構且內側面上分別凸設有一勾部，第二外管插接第一外管，內螺牙螺接各外牙結構，且傳動螺桿的一端凸出第一外管而對接驅動單元。軸承套接傳動螺桿且該些勾部卡接軸承之外緣。
Patent TW-I799191-B (TW)
Title: System and method for knowledge-preserving neural network pruning
Inventor: YAN ENXU
IPC: G06N3/08
Filed: 2022-03-16
Granted: 2023-04-11
Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for knowledge-preserving sparse pruning on neural networks are described. An exemplary method includes obtaining a pre-trained machine learning model trained based on a plurality of general-purpose training data; training a task-specific machine learning model by tuning the pre-trained machine learning model based on a plurality of task-specific training data corresponding to a task; constructing a student network based on the task-specific machine learning model; simultaneously performing (1) knowledge distillation from the trained task-specific machine learning model as a teacher network to the student network and (2) network pruning on the student network; and obtaining the trained student network for serving the task.
Patent TW-I804270-B (TW)
Title: Automated commodity/service offering system and method
Inventor: CHOU PEI LIN
IPC: G06Q20/18
Filed: 2022-04-08
Granted: 2023-06-01
Abstract: An automated commodity/service offering system and method, to offer to potential customers a discounted price for a particular commodity/service. A price investigation device searches in a plurality of electronic malls to obtain a lowest market price for the commodity/service and an offering device calculates a discount price that is lower than the lowest market price but is profitable for the operator of the system, according to a profit value of the commodity/service.
Patent TW-I815550-B (TW)
Title: Battery exchange method and battery exchange system
Inventor: LIAO EN-YI
IPC: B60L53/68
Filed: 2022-07-13
Granted: 2023-09-11
Abstract: A battery exchange method includes: receiving, from a first battery exchange station, a first alert indicating an issue regarding a battery inventory of the first battery exchange station; receiving, from a mobile device, a second alert indicating that a second battery exchange station does not release a second battery in response to an insertion of a first battery in one of a plurality of battery slots of the second battery exchange station; and providing an authorization to acquire the second battery from the second battery exchange station to the mobile device if the first and second alerts are associated with the same battery exchange station.
Patent TW-I814501-B (TW)
Inventor: WANG CHIH-LING
IPC: G06F12/0802
Filed: 2022-07-25
Granted: 2023-09-01
Abstract: A mapping table re-building method, a memory storage device and a memory control circuit unit are disclosed. The method includes: receiving write command from a host system, wherein the write command instructs a writing of first data to a first logical unit; performing a programming operation according to the write command to store the first data and identification information of the first logical unit to a first physical unit; in response to the programming operation, updating a mapping table; detecting a table abnormal event related to the mapping table; in response to the table abnormal event, reading the identification information of the first logical unit from the first physical unit; and re-building the mapping table according to the identification information of the first logical unit.
Patent TW-I814652-B (TW)
Title: Defilming liquid
Inventor: LIAO TE-CHAO
IPC: G03F7/42
Filed: 2022-11-28
Granted: 2023-09-01
Abstract: A defilming liquid is provided. The defilming liquid includes a first solution and a second solution. The first solution includes potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and water. Based on 100 parts by weight of the first solution, a content of the potassium hydroxide is 60 to 80 parts by weight, a content of the sodium hydroxide is 5 to 20 parts by weight, and a content of the water is 10 to 20 parts by weight. The second solution includes alcohol ether solvent, copper protecting agent, and water. Based on 100 parts by weight of the second solution, a content of the alcohol ether solvent is 50 to 70 parts by weight, a content of the copper protecting agent is 10 to 20 parts by weight, and a content of the water is 10 to 20 parts by weight.
Patent ZA-200002310-B (ZA)
Title: Displacement machine for compressible media.
Inventor: KOESTERS HEINER
IPC: F04C29/00
Filed: 2000-05-11
Abstract: Shafts (3) for rotors (4) are driven by dedicated electric motors (6). The angular positions of these shafts are determined with synchro resolvers to help synchronize the rotors electronically. The shafts are fitted with gearwheels (7) for emergency synchronization. One or more gearwheels connect to the rotor for its shaft's resolver and to the shaft but can detached.
Patent ZA-200107628-B (ZA)
Title: Bacterial membrane fractions with adjuvant effect.
Inventor: LIBON CHRISTINE
IPC: A61K35/74
Filed: 2001-09-17
Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a membrane fraction of gram-negative bacteria, in particular Klebsiella pneumoniae combined with an antigen or hapten for preparing a pharmaceutical composition designed to direct the immune response towards a Th1 and/or a mixed Th1/Th2 type response directed against said antigen or hapten. The invention further concerns methods for preparing said membrane fractions and pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their uses for preventing and treating infectious diseases, in particular those involving paramyxovirus such as VRS, and cancers, in particular those with tumour-associated antigens.
Patent ZA-200110212-B (ZA)
Title: Improved silane functionalized olefin interpolymers and derivatives thereof.
Inventor: ARRIOLA DANIEL J
IPC: C08F290/14
Filed: 2001-12-01
Abstract: Silane functional polymers having uniform silane distribution, long chain branching or tertiary silane functionality and conversion thereof through coupling, hydrolysis, hydrolysis and neutralization, condensation, oxidation or hydrosilation are disclosed.
Patent ZA-200202146-B (ZA)
Title: Method for production of aryl alkylethers.
Inventor: BILLER EFIM
IPC: C07C43/20
Filed: 2002-03-15
Abstract: Aryl alkyl ethers can be produced by the reaction of hydroxyaromatics with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. This process achieves higher yields of aryl alkyl ethers and the formation of ring-alkylated products and dialkyl ethers is markedly reduced.
Patent ZA-200206460-B (ZA)
Title: Method for the normalization of islet signaling in diabetes mellitus and for its prevention.
Inventor: DEMUTH HANS-ULRICH
IPC: A61K31/401
Filed: 2002-08-13
Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for therapeutically treating mammals, including but not limited to humans, to increase the relative insulin producing performance of endogenous pancreatic ²-cells and to cause differentiation of pancreatic epithelial cells into insulin producing ²-cells. Oral administration of a DP IV inhibitor causes the active form of GLP-1 to be preserved longer under physiological conditions. The extended presence of GLP-1, in particular in the pancreatic tissue facilitates differentiation and regeneration of the ²-cells already present that are in need of repair. These repaired insulin producing cells can contribute to the correction and maintenance of normal physiological glycemic levels.
Patent ZA-200206727-B (ZA)
Title: Insulating glazing and method for making same.
Inventor: DEMARS YVES
IPC: E06B3/66
Filed: 2002-08-22
Abstract: An insulating glazing unit including at least two glass sheets separated by, e.g., a gas-filled cavity. An insert serves for spacing the at least two glass sheets apart and has an internal face facing the gas-filled cavity and an opposed external face, together with a mechanism for sealing the inside of the glazing unit. The insert is in the form of a substantially flat profiled strip that girds the perimeter of the glazing unit by its internal face being pressed against the edges of the at least two glass sheets and held fast by a fastening device.
Patent ZA-200207538-B (ZA)
Title: Use of fulvestrant in the treatment of resistant breast cancer.
Inventor: THURLIMANN BEAT
IPC: A61K31/4196
Filed: 2002-09-19
Abstract: The invention relates to the use of fulvestrant in the treatment of breast cancer in patients who have previously been treated with an Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) and an aromatase inhibitor.
Patent ZA-200300238-B (ZA)
Title: Closure with pressure release system.
Inventor: MAVIN GERRY
IPC: B65D41/34
Filed: 2003-01-09
Abstract: There is described a neck structure (10) in combination with a closure (40). The neck structure defines a neck opening (14) with a cylindrical sealing surface (18) surrounding the neck opening and an external neck surface (10). The closure comprises a cap formed of resilient material having a top (42) and a downwardly extending skirt portion (48) depending from the top. An annular plug (68) depends from an underside of the top and one or more ribs (80) are formed on an internal surface of the downwardly extending skirt portion. The annular plug and the one or more ribs are arranged concentrically and are dimensioned such that, upon application of the cap to the neck structure, the annular plug projects into the neck opening and engages the cylindrical sealing surface. At the same time the one or more ribs engage the external neck surface. The annular plug is adapted to flex away from the cylindrical sealing surface upon the build up of excess pressure within the closure whereupon circumferentially spaced ends of the or each rib define therebetween a path for the venting of fluid to release the excess pressure. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-200710758-B (ZA)
Title: A support device for transporting a catamaran
Inventor: FERCHAUD ERIC
IPC: B63B/
Filed: 2007-12-11
Abstract: The device has an elongated support chassis (1) with longitudinal ends equipped with anchoring units (4). A support unit (5) includes transversal beams (6) fixed transversely to the support chassis, and reunited by spacer (7) extending between the beams. The beams have ends that overhangingly extend with respect to the support chassis. The ends have a carriage (10) fixed to a return section, where bottom of the carriage extends below an upper surface of the support chassis.
Patent ZA-202211067-B (ZA)
Title: Hot rolled and heat-treated steel sheet and method of manufacturing the same
Inventor: ASTRID PERLADE
Filed: 2022-10-10
Abstract: The invention deals with a hot rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, made of a steel having a composition comprising, by weight percent: C: 0.03 - 0.18 % Mn: 6.0 – 11.0 % Mo: 0.05 - 0.5 % B: 0.0005 – 0.005% S ≤ 0.010 % P ≤ 0.020 % N ≤ 0.008 % and comprising optionally one or more of the following elements, in weight percentage: Al < 3% Si ≤ 1.20 % Ti ≤ 0.050 % Nb ≤ 0.050 % Cr ≤ 0.5% V ≤ 0.2% the remainder of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, said steel sheet having a microstructure comprising, in surface fraction, - from 10% to 60% of retained austenite, - from 40% to 90% of ferrite, - less than 5% of martensite, - carbides below 0.8%, - and an inhomogeneous repartition of manganese, characterized by a manganese distribution with a slope above or equal to -40.
Patent GR-1004089-B (GR)
Title: Filters for removing noxious substances from the cigarette smoke
Inventor: RAMMOS SPYRIDONAS
IPC: A24F7/04
Filed: 2002-06-20
Abstract: he invention relates to disposable filters removing the noxious substances of the cigarette smoke. Said filters are manufactured of special plastic or bio-degradable matter and have the size of the cigarette diameter; they are composed of the smokeinlet 1&5, the smoke treatment chamber 2, the body 3 and the housings 4 serving for the placement or removal of filters. According to the fig. 3, said filters are alternately positioned: first, it is inserted the filter 5 furnished with circular cone-shaped openings and then, the filter 1 with parallelogram-and cone-shaped openings. In any case, the small opening of the cone should be at the point wherethrough the smoke is conducted inside the chamber 2; the cigarette taste (heavy or light taste) depends on the number of filters fitted into the same cigarette.
Patent GR-1004969-B (GR)
Title: Use of a lecithin emulsifier for the production of processed meat products with plant sterols of plant sterols and plant oils or solely plant oils
Inventor: YFANTIS CHARALABOS KONSTANTINO
IPC: A23L13/40
Filed: 2004-10-21
Abstract: ethod of production of processed meat products with the addition of plant sterols and/or/or not, plant oils. The emulsion used for the incorporation of plant sterols and/or plant oils has lecithin as its principal ingredient that contributes significantly in synergy with the phosphoric salts and the caseins in stabilizing the meat mass produced and hence of the final product. The emulsion is prepared separately and then added to the meat mixture in the cuter device or the barrel, respectively. The above are applied in processed meat pr0ducts made of chopped meat such as the chopped cured meat (parizer), the mortadelle, sausages, etc, as well as processed meat products from whole pieces of meat such as ham, turkey filet, steaks, etc.The composition of the emulsion with lecithin as an ingredient and acting as a strong emulsifier is used for the first time in the preparation of traditional processed meat products and gives a product with a stable and uniform structure. With the above method, the plant sterols and/or the plant oils are fully incorporated into the processed meat product without the risk to be rejected from the remaining mass after the thermal processing and until its final consumption.The final product produced, due to the plan sterols it contains, aims at helping consumers with high cholesterol content in the blood, to reduce the cholesterol content.
Patent MX-336675-B (MX)
Title: Screening for anti-cancer compounds using netrin-1 activity.
Inventor: MEHLEN PATRICK
IPC: G01N33/50
Filed: 2007-02-28
Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention relates to an in vitro method for the screening of anti-cancer compounds based on the capacity for these compound to interact with netrin-1 receptor and/or to inhibit the dimerization of the intracellular domain of the netrin-1 receptor expressed in tumor cells. The invention also relates to a method for predicting the presence of metastatic or aggressive cancer, or for determining the efficiency of an anti-cancer treatment based on the measuring of the expression level of netrin-1. The invention further comprises kits and compounds as a medicament for the treatment of cancer such as metastatic breast cancer, related to the overexpression of netrin-1 by the tumor cells.
Patent MX-347987-B (MX)
Title: 6-, 7-, or 8-substituted quinazolinone derivatives and compositions comprising and methods of using the same.
Inventor: GEORGE W MULLER
IPC: C07D401/04
Filed: 2008-09-25
Abstract: Provided are quinazolinone compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, clathrates, stereoisomers, and prodrugs thereof. Methods of use, and pharmaceutical compositions of these compounds are disclosed.
Patent MX-347860-B (MX)
Title: Novel lipids and compositions for the delivery of therapeutics.
Inventor: MUTHIAH MANOHARAN
IPC: A61K47/00
Filed: 2009-11-10
Abstract: The present invention provides lipids that are advantageously used in lipid particles for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic agents to cells. In particular, the invention provides lipids having the following structure (I) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently for each occurrence optionally substituted C10-C30 alkyl, optionally substituted C10-C30 alkenyl, optionally substituted C10-C30 alkynyl, optionally substituted C10-C30 acyl, or -linker-ligand; R3 is H, optionally substituted C1-C10 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C10 alkynyl, alkylhetrocycle, alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorothioate, alkylphosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonates, alkylamines, hydroxyalkyls, Ï-aminoalkyls, Ï -(substituted)aminoalkyls, Ï-phosphoalkyls, Ï -thiophosphoalkyls, optionally substituted polyethylene glycol (PEG, mw 100-40K), optionally substituted mPEG (mw 120-40K), heteroaryl, heterocycle, or linker-ligand; E is O, S, N(Q), C(O), N(Q)C(O), C(O)N(Q), (Q)N(CO)O, O(CO)N(Q), S(O), NS(O)2N(Q), S(O)2, N(Q)S(O)2, SS, O=N, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic or heterocycle; and, Q is H, alkyl, Ï-aminoalkyl, Ï-(substituted)aminoalky, Ï-phosphoalkyl or Ï-thiophosphoalkyl.
Patent MX-336584-B (MX)
Title: Accelerator mixture and method of use.
Inventor: WEIBEL MARTIN
IPC: C04B24/12
Filed: 2009-12-03
Abstract: The invention concerns an alkali -free and HF-free accelerator mixture which contains aluminium in oxidation state 3, sulphate and hexaf luorosilicic acid, a process for the preparation of said accelerators and the use of said accelerators for the coating of substrates with concrete or mortar. Furthermore the invention relates to concrete or mortar containing accelerators according to the invention and the hardened layers produced by applying the accelerators to concrete or mortar. The invention relates also to the use of hexaf luorosilicic acid as a stabilizer.
Patent MX-338138-B (MX)
Title: Foaming agents containing fluorine substituted unsaturated olefins.
Inventor: WILLIAMS DAVID J
IPC: B01J37/00
Filed: 2007-12-18
Abstract: Various uses of fluoroalkenes, including tetrafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1234) in a variety of applications, including as blowing agents are disclosed.