Patent GB-646356-A (GB)
Title: Radio detection and location system
IPC: G01S13/42
Filed: 1945-05-17
Abstract: 646,356. Radiolocation. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. May 17, 1945, No. 12502. Convention date, Sept. 3, 1943. [Class 40 (vii)] A pulse radar system employing a directive aerial system radiating a narrow beam of radio-frequency energy, comprises means for rotating the beam so that its axis always lies on the surface of a cone and means synchronized with the beam rotation for so generating exploring pulses that a single pulse is radiated into each quadrant of a circular section of the cone during each beam rotation. The amplitudes of the echoes received in each of the four positions of the beam from a target selected by a strobe pulse are compared upon cathode-ray tubes to determine when the axis of the cone is directed at the target, the " up " and " down " signals being compared on one tube and the " left " and " right " signals upon another. A third cathode-ray tube is used for range presentation. In Fig. 6, the common transmitreceive dipole antenna DI is rotated by a motor M at 60 c/s. about the axis of a parabolic reflector which may be constructed of wire mesh and backed by a searchlight. The motor M is coupled by shaft SH to the transmitter TM so that the pulse recurrence frequency (240 p.p.s.) is synchronized with the antenna rotation frequency. Thus the antenna performs a conical scan and transmits four pulses, one in each quadrant, in each revolution. The transmitter TM produces a pulse A (see also Fig. 7) which is applied to the trigger circuit TG(A) at the instant of transmission of a radio frequency pulse, the output pulse C from TG(A) being of a length corresponding to the maximum range. The intensifier circuit IT(R) inverts pulse C to produce pulse D which unblanks the beam of the range oscilloscope CRO(R). The pulse C is also applied to a sweep generator SG(R) which produces a sawtooth output E which after amplification is applied to the horizontal deflection plates of CRO(R). The output of TG(A) is also applied to trigger circuit TG(B) which produces an output pulse F of variable length which is then applied to a trigger circuit TG(C) to produce pulse G which coincides with the variable trailing edge of pulse F, so that a variable delay is introduced by circuits TG(B) and TG(C). Pulse G is applied to the vertical deflecting plates of CRO(R) to form a pedestal as shown in Fig. 5. Also shown are two echo pulses which are applied to the same plates from the receiver RE and video amplifier VA. A commutator CO on the antenna motor M delivers a pulse B to the clipper amplifier CA once per revolution of the antenna when the lobe is in the " up " position and just before the instant of transmission of a pulse. The output of CA is applied to trigger circuits TG(D) and TG(E) which produce wave H and waves 11+12 respectively. These waves together with pulse G are applied as shown to selector circuits SE1, SE2, SE3 which produce a pulse coincident with the pulse G when the appropriate wave, H, I1 or 12, is positive. Thus circuits SE1, SE2 and SE3 deliver pulses J, K and L respectively. The intensifier pulses J and K are applied to grids of the elevation oscilloscope CRO(E) and azimuth oscilloscope CRO(A) respectively to unblank their beams. The displacement pulse L is applied to the vertical deflection plates of CRO(E) and the horizontal deflection plates of CRO(A). Received echo pulses are applied to the horizontal and vertical deflection plates of CRO(E) and CRO(A) respectively. Then, if as is shown in Fig. 5, the pedestal pulse G is made to coincide with an echo pulse, the echo received when the lobe is in the " up " position will be displayed on CRO(E) since that oscilloscope has been unblanked by pulse J and also the trace will be displaced upwards by pulse L. In the next lobe position, which we assume is the " right " position, CRO(A) is unblanked by pulse K to display the echo which is displaced to the right owing to the presence of pulse L. The third pulse for the " down " position will be shown undisplaced on CRO(E) and the fourth pulse for the " left " position will be shown undisplaced on CRO(A). Thus two traces will be shown on both oscilloscopes, the setting required, so that the aerial is pointing directly at the target, being indicated by both pulses of each pair being of the same length.