Patent GB-1007345-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to photopolymerisation
IPC: C08F36/04
Filed: 1963-10-16
Abstract: A polyboron compound of the formula M2(BnHn-p-qXpYq)m where M is a silver (I) or cerium (III) cation and X is halogen; Y is a hydroxyl group, a hydroxycarbyl oxyalkoxy group free of aliphatic unsaturation, or a hydrocarbyl carbonyl group free of aliphatic unsaturation; n is 10 or 12; p is between 1 and n inclusive; q is 0, 1 or 2, ptq is at most equal to n, and m is the valence of M, is used as a photoinitiator in the polymerization of cationically polymerizable substances by exposure to actinic light. Substances capable of cationic polymerization are most ethylenically unsaturated compounds, cyclic compounds such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, 3,3-bis-chloromethyl oxetane, trioxane, propiolactone, ethyleneimine, N-cyanoethyleneimine, e -caprolactam, pivalol actone, pivalothiolactine and 2,2-dimethyl propiolactain. Another group of substances capable of cationic polymerization comprise polymeric materials that contain vinylidene, cyclic ether, cyclic imine, lactone or lactem groups which can be polymerized further. The reaction may be carried out at - 100-50 DEG  C. for unsaturated monomers and 10 DEG  to 150 DEG  C. for cyclic monomers. The pressure may be 0.5 to 1.5 atmospheres and the polymerization may be carried out in bulk or in an inert diluent or a mutual solvent. Initiators specified are: Ag2B10F10, Ag2B10H6Cl4, Ce2(B10F6H4)3, Ag2B12F2H10, Ce2(B12F12)3, Ag2B12H2Cl10, Ag2B10Br10, Ag2B10H2Cl8, Ce2(B12H6Br6)3, Ag2B10H3Br7, Ce2(B12Br8F4)3, Ag2B10HBr9, Ag2B12F3Br3I6, Ag2B12F4Cl3Br2I3, <FORM:1007345/C3/1> Ag2B10H7I3, Ce2(B10H4I6)3, Ag2B12C11CoPh, Ce2[B10Cl8(COCH3)2]3, Ag2B10Br8(COC7H15)2, Ce2(B10Cl9OCH2CH2OCH3)3, Ag2B10Br9COPh, Ag2B10Cl9OH, Ce2[B10Cl8(OH)2]3, Ag2B12Br11OH, Ag2B12F12 and Ag2B10Cl8(OH)2. 0.001-5% may be used. Solvents specified are: pentane, cyclohexane, toluene, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.  Other additives may be soluble thickeners, fillers, pigments, dyes, plasticizers and thermal polymerization inhibitors.  The light used may be of 2500-7000 <\>rA wave-length. It is not necessary to exclude oxygen from the system.ALSO:There are described polyboron compounds of the formula M2(BnHnp- 9XpY9)m wherein M is a silver (I) or cermium (III) cation, and X is halogen, Y is a hydroxyl group, a hydroxy carbyloxyalkoxy group free of alphatic unsaturation, or a hydrocarbylcarbonyl group free of aliphatic unsaturation; n is 10 or 12; p is between 1 and n inclusive; 9 is 0, 1 or 2, p+g is at most equal to n and m is the valence of M.  Compounds specifically listed are Ce2[B12I10(OCH2CH2OCH3) 2]3 Ag2B12 Cl11CoC6H5, Ce2[B10Cl8(COCH3)2]3 Ag2B10 Br8(COC7H15)27Ce2 (B10Cl9OCH2CH2OCH3)3 Ag2 B10Br9COC6H5.  The B10 compounds are prepared from ammonium dicahydrodecaborate (NH4)2B10H10 which itself may be prepared by the reaction of a decaboryl bis-(lower dialkyl sulphide), e.g. decaboryl bis-(dimethyl sulfide) B10H12[(CH3)2S]2 with liqui ammonia at a temperature between -50 DEG  to 0 DEG  C.  The decabryl bis-(lower dialkyl sulphide) is prepared by allowing decaborane to react with a lower dialkyl sulphide at a temperature of at least 0 DEG  C. Compounds containing the (B10H10- p- 9XpY9)2- anion are made by direct substitution of the anion (B10H10)2. Hydrocarbyloxyalkoxy groups are introduced by reaction of the appropriate methylether with the appropriate polyboron acid. Halogene may be introduced directly. Hydrocarbyl carbonyl groups are introduced by reaction of an acyl chloride and a polyboron acid.  Compounds containing the B12 nucleus are prepared from the alkalimetal salts of the acid (H3O)2B12H12[(CH3)4N]2 B12Cl12 is made by reacting excess chlorine with Na2B12H12 in aqueous solution, first at 30 DEG  C. and then at 150 DEG  C., neutralizing with ammonia and precipitating the product by addition of aqueous (CH3)4NCl. [(CH3)4N]2 B12F11OH is made by reacting excess fluorine, diluted with nitrogen with N1B12H12 in aqueous solution at room temperature neutralizing with ammonia and precipitating the product by mixing with aqueous(CH3)4NCl. Hydrocarbyloxyalkoxy and hydrocarbonyl are introduced into the nucleus by the same methods which are used to introduce them into the B10 nucleus.ALSO:A photo-initiator for use in cationic polymerization comprises a polyboron compound of the formula M2(BnHn-p-qXpYq)w, wherein M is a silver (I) or cerum (III) cation; and X is halogen, Y is a hydroxyl group; n is 10 or 12; p is between 1 and u inclusive; q is 0, 1 or 2, p + q is at most equal to n and m is the valence of M. Especially preferred are the compound in which p = n, q is zero and all the halogens represented by X are the same.  Specific compounds mentioned are Ag2B10F10, Ag2B10H6Cl4, Ce2(B10H4F6)3, Ag2B12H10F2, Ce2(B12F12)3, Ag2B12H2Cl10, Ag2B10Br10, Ag2B10H2Cl8, Ce2(B12H6Br6)3, Ag2B10H3Br7, Cl2(B12Br8F10)3, Ag2B10HBr9, Ag2B12F3Br3I6, Ag2B12F4Cl3Br2I3, Ce2(B16H4I6)3, Ag2B10H7I3, Ag2B10Cl9OH, Ce2[B10Cl8(OH)2]3, Ag2B12Br11OH, Ag2B12F12, and Ag2B10Cl8(OH)2.  The B10 compounds are prepared by reacting ammonium decahydrodecaborate (NH4)2B10H10 with the appropriate halogen in aqueous solution; the corresponding silver or cerius salts are then prepared by conventional metathetical reactions.  Hydroxyl groups can be introduced into the B10 as follows; (NH4)2B10H10 is reacted with an amide in the presence of HCl, the intermediate boraneamide adduct is reacted with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to give the B10H9OH = anion. Compounds containing the B12 nucleus are prepared as follows: an alkali-metal salt of the acid (H3O)2B12H12 can be prepared by the reaction of the appropriate alkali-metal hydroborate, e.g. NaBH4 with diborane in the presence of an ether.  The crystalline product Na2B12H12.H2O hydrates and gives Na2B12H122H2O.  The free acid is obtained by acid exchange.  Halogens may be introduced as in the case of the B10 nucleus, and similarly converted to the silvo or cerium salt.  Specification 956,392, U.S.A. Specification 3,154,561 and French Specification 1,368,357 are referred to.