baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1531010-A (GB)
Title: Thermal method for controlling the optical properties of a liquid crystal and to devices for carrying out said method
IPC: G02F1/137
Filed: 1975-12-09
Abstract: 1531010 Controlling light COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 9 Dec 1975 [24 Dec 1974] 50452/75 Heading G2F The optical properties of a layer of liquid crystal material with a temperature dependent dielectric anisotropy #E (at a predetermined electric field frequency f) are controlled by subjecting it to an electric field of predetermined amplitude and frequency f (f may be zero) and altering its temperature from a first value T 1  to a second value T within the same mesophase temperature range. #E may have the same sign and different amplitude at T 1  and T 2 , or it may have different signs, or it may be zero at one temperature. In a first embodiment homogeneously aligned liquid crystal material becomes homotropically aligned as #E becomes positive. Variably birefringent and twisted nematic cells are referred to, in addition to the reorientation of cholesteric planes between parallel and perpendicular to the electrodes and the use of smectic material. In a second embodiment the change in #E causes a change in the dynamic scattering threshold electric field e.g. for nematic materials, and the amplitude of the applied field lies between the threshold at T 1  and T 2 . The field may be DC or a relatively low frequency field, or it may additionally have a high frequency component. In the first two embodiments, reversion to T 1 , drives the layer back to its first optical state. The speed of conversion between the optical states is a function of #E so that memory effects can be obtained or removed by ensuring that #E is small or large at the appropriate temperature. A third embodiment in which a homogeneously aligned cholestric layer has #E = 0 at T 1 , (f = F) Fig. 8, illustrates an extreme case. At T 2  #E is positive and homotropic alignment occurs giving a periodic refractive index variation and diffraction. Reversion to T 1  does not give the initial alignment since #E = 0, and it is necessary to change f to F<SP>1</SP> for a short period (steps c and d), so that #E is negative. A further optical change which is referred to is the transition from a cholestric to a homotropic structure. For display purposes the optical properties of selected parts of the film are controlled. Ther preferred means for heating the liquid crystal film is a deflectable laser beam, e.g. an infrared beam which is absorbed by indium oxide electrodes used for applying the electric field, although a matrix of resistors for local Joule heating is mentioned. If T 2  can be varied for each point of the film, for example by controlling the intensity or dwell time of the laser beam, the degree of optical change at each point may differ providing a grey scale image.
Patent GB-1467455-A (GB)
Title: Wheelchair
IPC: A61G5/00
Filed: 1975-10-27
Abstract: 1467455 Invalid chairs G M PERRY and J PEATMAN 27 Oct 1975 [23 Nov 1974] 50848/74 Heading A4J A chair for use with a commode, toilet or bath comprises pivotally inter-connected back, seat and foot rest sections rotatably mounted by roller bearings 24 on an apertured seat base carried by cantilever support 28 which may be telescopically adjustable in a chair base 12. The inter-connected sections may be moved to a position in which they are co-planar to allow a person to be transferred from a bed to the chair.
Patent GB-1205403-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of proteolytic enzyme preparations
Inventor: AUNSTRUP KNUD
IPC: C02F3/34
Filed: 1967-11-10
Abstract: 1,205,403. Proteolytic enzymes. NOVO TERAPEUTISK LAB ORATORIUM A.S. 4 Nov., 1968 [10 Nov., 1967], No. 51307/67. Heading C3H. [Also in Division C5] In a process of making proteolytic enzyme preparations, a strain of Bacillus alcalophilus Vedder is cultivated under aerobic conditions in a nutrient medium, containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources, of which the pH is maintained between 7.5 and 11, and the extracellularly-produced enzyme produced during the cultivation is recovered. The enzyme may be precipitated from the medium with alcohol.
Patent GB-1076000-A (GB)
Title: Cans with tearing tabs
IPC: B65D17/34
Filed: 1965-12-09
Abstract: 1,076,000. Making cans; extruding. SWISS ALUMINIUM Ltd. Dec. 9, 1965 [Dec. 9, 1964; Nov. 22, 1965], No. 52365/65. Headings B3A and B3P. [Also in Division B8] A metal can 3 with a tearing tab 6, Figs. 4, 5 (not shown), is made by impact extruding a can body with a projecting stud 4 at one end, placing an apertured tab over the stud and deforming the latter. The extrusion is performed by a convex punch having an end valve through which compressed air is admitted for removing the extruded body. The end may be left convex or may be pushed inwardly to concave form 2, Fig. 4 (not shown). After placing the apertured tab over the stud the latter is deformed by a rotating or vibrating punch 5, 10, Figs. 3, 7 (not shown). The tab may be turned inwardly at 15, Fig. 8 (not shown), or it may have a sharp edge 16, Fig. 10 (not shown), to facilitate tearing of the can along tear lines such as 11, 13, 17, Fig. 5 (not shown). These tear lines are formed by stamping in a die preferably in the inside of the can end 2 and may be deepest near the stud. Surface treatment such as lacquering the inside of the can may be performed before or after securing the tab. After filling the can, a cover is applied to the end opposite the tab.
Patent GB-1353530-A (GB)
Title: Steam traps
IPC: F16T1/08
Filed: 1971-11-11
Abstract: 1353530 Steam traps SPIRAX-SARCO Ltd 11 Nov 1971 [4 Dec 1970] 52509/71 Heading F4U An aperture A or a tube mounted in an aperture in the cover of a steam trap controlled by pressure and temperature has a temperature responsive device, e.g. a cartridge 6 which is separated from the steam by a heat conducting wall and operative at a predetermined temperature to release an optical and/or acoustical indication. As shown a compression spring 7 holds a pin 8 against a frangible cartridge 6, the upper end of the pin normally projecting from the aperture 8 to retain upright a pivotable indicating plate 10. The cartridge bursts at a predetermined temperature to allow the plate to fall. A number of other arrangements are described utilizing frangible cartridges. In one the bursting of the cartridge allows steam to escape, e.g. to operate a whistle.
Patent GB-1421214-A (GB)
Title: Gelled hydrocarbon compositions
IPC: C10L7/02
Filed: 1973-04-11
Abstract: 1421214 Gelled fuel DAI-ICHI KOGYO SEIYAKU CO Ltd and MITSUBISHI OIL CO 11 April 1973 [13 April 1972 8 July 1972] 52903/74 Divided out of 1421213 Heading C5G A gelled hydrocarbon composition comprises (a) at least 80 wt. per cent of a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 30 to 390 C. as a discontinuous phase, (b) at least 0À05 wt. per cent of water as a continuous phase and (e) at least 0À05 wt. per cent of a gelling agent which is a mixture of a non-ionic surface active agent having monoalkylene oxide or a polyalkylene oxide chain in the molecule and a carboxylic acid or its salt. The non-ionic surface active agent has the formula in which group Z is the residue of a compound from which an active hydrogen is removed and which is capable of oxyalkylation, OR is an oxyalkylene group, n = 1 to 2000 inclusive and m is a numeral determined according to the number of functional groups included in the group being able to be oxyalkylenated. An extensive list of mono, di and tricarboxylic acids are given for the carboxylic acid. The salt of the carboxylic acid may be an amine, an extensive list of which being given.
Patent GB-1060332-A (GB)
Title: Heating block for melt extruder
IPC: B29C48/69
Filed: 1964-05-07
Abstract: 1,060,332. Melt-spinning apparatus. CHEMCELL (1963) Ltd. May 7, 1064 [Feb. 26, 1964], No. 53099/65. Divided out of 1,060,331. Heading B5B. A heating unit N adapted for mounting downstream of pressure feed means (screw extruder S) for the controlled melting of thermoplastic materials, comprises a central perforate portion (heating passages 280) and a peripheral housing portion bounding the central perforate portion (surrounded by band heater 285) and upstream and downstream end faces 280a, 280b, extending across the central and housing portions and adapted to be generally perpendicular to the direction of pressure feed, the housing portion having a major portion of its peripheral surface smoothly contoured and adapted to make contact with external heating means 285, the central portion being formed with a multiplicity of elongate channels 280 extending therethrough from end face to end face, the upstream end face 280a being shaped to seat against said pressure feed means (S), the unit being composed substantially throughout of rigid heat conducting material, whereby heat from the external heating means 285 is disseminated substantially evenly through the material between the channels to cause thermoplastic material pressed against the central portion area of the upstream end face 280a to soften and melt at a controlled rate and temperature as it passes through the channels 280. The upstream end face 280a may be formed with a central recess and the downstream end face 280b may be formed with a central protrusion whereby the peripheral surface to be heated is offset upstream with respect to the central portion. Preferably, the unit is substantially made up of an integral cylindrcal block of metal, the central portion having a circular area, and the upstream and downstream ends of the channels having chamfered edges.
Patent GB-1196786-A (GB)
Title: Yeast and method for its production
Inventor: FANTOZZI ERIC
IPC: C12N1/04
Filed: 1967-11-23
Abstract: 1,196,786. Yeast. DISTILLERS CO. (YEAST) Ltd. Nov. 14, 1968 [Nov. 23, 1967], No.53280/67. Heading C6F. A method of preparing baker's yeast involves spray drying an aqueous suspension of yeast under conditions which will yield a product consisting of discrete particles whose average diameter is between 15 and 500 microns and which contains from 27 to 50% of dry matter by weight. The yeast suspension is spray dried with air or other gas (inlet temperature 50‹ -200‹ C., outlet temperature 20‹ -70‹ C) using a centrifugal atomizer or air jets contained within a drying chamber. The spray dried yeast is further dried on plastic trays in a drying cabinet or on a moving continuous belt without mechanical agitation or pressure, using recirculating air or nitrogen (temperature 20‹ -60‹ C., relative humidity less than 45%), to produce active dried yeast of 88-97% dry matter content. Gases used for the spray drying may be passed through filters, or treated chemically or by heat, to eliminate infection.
Patent GB-1368947-A (GB)
Title: Microwave heating apparatus and methods of microwave heating
IPC: H05B6/64
Filed: 1971-11-10
Abstract: 1368947 Microwave heating C E M TIBBS 10 Nov 1971 [10 Nov 1970] 53409/70 Heading H5H A method of heating an article in a microwave cavity fed with microwaves through the roof thereof, comprises locating the article at a sufficient distance above the cavity floor to avoid underheating the bottom of the article and locating below the article a plate of ceramic or other refractory material having a dielectric constant greater than air and of such a thickness that for the frequency of the microwave energy and for the dielectric constant of the refractory material, said thickness corresponds to approximately # to “ of a wavelength. The thickness of the plate is between “ and ¢ inch and its dielectric constant is about 9. It may be circular, oval, square or rectangular. Preferably it is made of alumina and supports the article or a vessel containing the article directly. It is stated that the refractory plate reduces underheating of the centre of the article.
Patent GB-1121150-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to trays
IPC: A47G23/06
Filed: 1965-12-17
Abstract: 1,121,150. Lap trays and desks. D. E. CAMERON. 25 Oct., 1966 [17 Dec., 1965], No. 53651/65. Headings A4A and A4X. A lap-tray (Fig. 2) which may also be used as a lap-desk (Fig. 4) comprises a substantially flat surface 20 of quadrilateral shape having the front edge parallel to the back edge located in a first plane, first support means 22 and 23 arranged laterally of said surface and extending perpendicularly therefrom in at least one direction and second support means 21 extending in said one direction from said surface and located in a second plane forming an acute angle with said first plane in the region of the back edge of said first surface and positioned centrally with respect to the back edge, the arrangement being such that when the support means 21 is placed on the lap, the surface 20 of the tray is horizontal, when the surface 20 is placed on the lap the support means 21 provide a lap desk and when the tray is placed on a flat surface the first support means 22 and 23 and, if necessary, the lower edge of the second support means 21 keep the surface 20 horizontal to the supporting surface. The support means 21 and/or the flat surface 20 may be made of transparent material so that when used as a desk articles inserted between the surfaces 20 and 21 may be viewed therethrough. The tray or desk (made of plastic material) may be modified (Figs. 8 and 9) to provide recesses for food 34 and cups 35 and 36, the said recesses also providing support means for the tray when placed on a flat surface and may include page holders 45 when used as a desk. The latter tray modification containing recesses may also include a removable trough 40 to fit into the deepest part of recess 34 with the aid of flanges 41 and 42 fitting on to the flat surface 20 of the tray. This latter tray modification may also include a detachable flat plate-like member 43 fitted with a rim 44 to engage on to the flat portion 20 and cover well 34. Another modification of the plastic tray has the well divided across the tray to form a deep well and a shallow well (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 10 and 11, not shown).
Patent GB-1445856-A (GB)
Title: Heat exchanger
IPC: F28D11/02
Filed: 1973-11-20
Abstract: 1445856 Mixing apparatus H LIST 20 Nov. 1973 [21 Nov 1972] 53735/73 Heading B1C [Also in Division F4]  In a heat exchanger for flowable material and comprising an elongated housing 1 containing a hollow rotatable shaft 13 from which sector shaped plate elements 20, 21, 22 extend radially outwardly in planes perpendicular to the shaft axis, there are one or more (Fig. 3) stirrer elements or bars 23 connected to the leading edges of the sector elements 20, 21, 22 and may be angled to move the material through the housing. There are a supply opening 9 and a discharge opening 10. There may be a scraper 26, and a weir 24 to control the level of material in the housing. Heating or cooling fluid is passed through both the hollow shaft 13 and elements 20, 21, 22 and through a jacket 2 surrounding the housing 1. Alternatively the material being treated may be heated by electrical means. A number of rotatable shafts may be disposed within a common housing (see Fig. 4 not shown). The stirrer elements can either be continuous, as shown, or be discontinuous (Figs. 5-8 not shown). In a further embodiment (Fig. 8 not shown) the heat exchanger is arranged for intermittent instead of continuous operation, the stirrer bars being angled to feed material from both ends of the casing towards the centre thereof, the material recirculates in the upper part of the casing.
Patent GB-1534949-A (GB)
Title: Gas analysing apparatus
IPC: G01N33/00
Filed: 1976-12-23
Abstract: 1534949 Solid electrolyte oxygen sensor KOMBINAT MESS-UND REGELUNGSTECHNIK VEB 23 Dec 1976 [30 Jan 1976] 53814/76 Heading G1N A sensor for measuring oxygen content of a gas stream comprises a solid electrolyte tube 1 closed at one end except for a capillary 3, carrying internal (4) and external (6) electrodes and surrounded by a furnace 12 having gas passages in a porous body; the tube 1 being attached at its open end to a metal, glass or ceramic air supply tube 35 through which pass the conductors 40 for the electrodes and to the outside of which are attached the furnace conductors 16 and the conduit for the gas stream, the air supply tube being surrounded by a protective tube 32. The solid electrolyte tube 1 and furnace 12 are surrounded by a filter 24, the capillary 3 leading into a tube 27 with side outlets 34 and closed end 29. Reference air is sucked through air supply tube 35 and the sensor by reduced pressure in the gas stream, but positive pressure can be applied if necessary.
Patent GB-1158270-A (GB)
Title: Production of Elastomers Containing Urethane Groups.
Inventor: KUNDE JOACHIM
IPC: C08G18/10
Filed: 1966-12-02
Abstract: 1,158,270. Polyesterurethanes. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. 2 Dec., 1966 [4 Dec., 1965], No. 54078/66. Heading C3R. Polyesterurethanes are prepared by reacting an hydroxyl group containing polyester of M.W. 500 to 5,000 which has been prepared by reacting adipic acid with a mixture of 45 to 90% by weight of 1,6-hexanediol and 10 to 55% by weight of 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol -1,3, first with a stoichiometric excess of an organic polyisocyanate followed by reaction with a chain extender which is preferably a diamine, hydrazine, a hydrazide or a glycol. If desired the reactions are carried out in the presence of an inert polar solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetramethylurea or dimethyl sulphoxide. Up to 50% by weight of 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3 may be replaced by 2,2-dimethylhexanediol-1,3. Suitable polyisocyanates are 4,4<SP>1</SP>-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate; p-phenylene diisocyanate; 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate; 1,6-hexane diisocyanate and 4,4<SP>1</SP>-diphenyl (thio) ether diisocyanates. The chain extenders may be ethylene diamine; propylene diamine; n-xylylene diamine; hydrazine; carbodihydrazide; adipodihydrazide; ethylene glycol and 1,4-butane diol. The resulting polymers may be used in the production of fibres or films. The preparation of polyesters from adipic acid and a diol mixture of 45 to 90% by weight of hexanediol-1,6 and 10 to 55% by weight of 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol- 1,3 is described in the examples. In Example 1, the ratio of hexanediol-1,6 to 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol-1,3 is 76À4: 23À6 and in Example 2 86À6: 13À4.
Patent GB-1114379-A (GB)
Title: Alkanol mixtures and ester thereof
IPC: C08K5/12
Filed: 1965-12-24
Abstract: Plasticizers for polyvinylchloride comprise the esters of dicarboxylic acids with an isomeric mixture of straight and mono-branched chain alkanols containing 7, 9 or 11 carbon atoms, said mixture having been made by hydroformylation of the C6, C8 or C10 olefines, obtained by aluminium trialkyl catalyzed polymerization of ethylene, followed by reduction of the resulting isomeric mixture of aldehydes. Specified acids are phthalic, adipic, sebacic and azelaic acids. Compositions comprising 100 pts P.V.C. and 50 pts by weight of the isomeric diheptanyldinonanyl- and diundecanyl phthalates are specified.ALSO:Isomeric mixtures of straight- and mono-branched chain alkanols containing 7, 9 or 11 carbon atoms are made by polymerization of ethylene using an aluminium trialkyl catalyst, fractionating the product to give isomeric mixtures of straight and mono-branched chain a -olefines containing 6, 8 or 10 carbon atoms, subjecting each mixture to hydroformylation using carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an Oxo catalyst and reducing the resulting isomeric mixture of C7, C9 or C11 alkanols.  On esterification, by known methods, with a dicarboxylic acid, e.g. phthalic, adipic, sebacic or azelaic acids, the alkanol mixtures yield isomeric ester mixtures which are used as plasticizers (see Division C3).  The hydroformylation is effected under conventional conditions.  The aldehyde reduction step can be achieved by using a reducing agent, e.g. sodium borohydride, or, preferably, by using catalytic hydrogenation. Examples relate to the preparation of isomeric mixtures of heptanol, nonanol and undecanol and to the esterification thereof using phthalic anhydride.
Patent GB-1218410-A (GB)
Title: A process for the manufacture of an electric resistance
Inventor: MEN PAULETTE LE
IPC: H01C17/00
Filed: 1968-11-25
Abstract: 1,218,410. Transistor logic circuits. P. LE MEN, M. MENORET and P. CONRUYT. 25 Nov., 1968 [29 Nov., 1967], No. 55770/68. Heading H3T. [Also in Division H1]  The Nor gate circuit shown in Fig. 3 has three inputs 10 1 , 102, 10 3  connected to the bases of identical transistors 11, 12, 13 having their collectors connected to the positive terminal 10 5  of a D.C. supply. Another such transistor 14 is embodied in the regenerative output stage.
Patent GB-1429021-A (GB)
IPC: B29C48/92
Filed: 1973-12-03
Abstract: 1429021 Automatic control of diameter SCHWERMASCHINENBAU-KOMBINAT ERNST THALMANN MAGDEBURG VEB 3 Dec 1973 [26 March 1973] 55893/73 Heading G3R In a system for controlling the diameter of an extruded plastics sheathed conductor or cable the ratio of draw-off speed to extruder speed is adjusted at intervals determined by a length measuring device, and for a time dependent upon the diameter error. The diameter is measured and compared with a reference in a device 4 which controls the time constant of a monostable multivibrator 9 via a timer 11. 9 is triggered by pulses from a divider 15 connected to a length measurer 3 to energize a relay 8 whose contacts connect the diameter error signal to a motor 5 driving ganged potentiometers 6, 7. Thus, this motor runs for a time and at a speed determined by the error. 6 adjusts the ratio of speeds via lines 1 and 2 while 7 provides feedback to the monostable multivibrator. None of the boxes are described in detail.
Patent GB-561535-A (GB)
Abstract: 561,535. Liquid pressure engines ; soot blowers. AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CO., Ltd., and BROWNLEE, R. I. Dec. 18, 1942, No. 18020. [Class 69 (ii)] [Also in Group XXVIII] A liquid pressure remote control system comprises master and slave portions each including an hydraulically - actuated valve admitting pressure liquid to a motor, the slave valve being supplied with pressure liquid in common with the master motor, whereby the two motors operate simultaneously. A system for operating soot blowers comprises pairs of master and slave motors 70, 72 and 71, 73 adapted to operate successively. To this end, change-over valves 10, 77, which control pressure supply to the slave and master motors 72, 70 respectively, are actuated after a predetermined number of blows to byepass the pressure supply to the next pair of motors. The master motor 70 is reciprocated by liquid supplied by a pump 75 through change-overvalve 77, line 78 and reversing valve 82 which is actuated by the pressure liquid at the end of the stroke to reverse supply to the motor. Pressure in line 78 also moves change-over valve' 10 and admits pressure liquid from a second pump 94 to the reversing valve 11 of the main motor. This valve is normally held in neutral position by springs 47, 48 and moved to the left or right by the pressure in the master motor, the supply pipes of which are connected to the valve. Valve 11 is thus actuated by the reversal of pressure to the master motor, to reverse the supply to the slave motor which may have a shorter stroke than the master. The system may incorporate the timing arrangement described in Specification 561,127. Specification 538,879 also is referred to.