Patent GB-118843-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Primary Galvanic Batteries with Unalterable Electrolyte.
Inventor: JUNGNER ERNST WALDEMAR
IPC: H01M12/06
Filed: 1918-08-30
Abstract: 118,843. Jungner, E. W. Sept. 4, 1917, [Convention date]. Electrodes; electrolytes; connexions; connexions to carbons.-The materials for the electrodes and electrolyte are so chosen that the electrolyte is continuously regenerated during the working of the battery. Fig. 1 shows a battery in which zinc and carbon plates Z, Care immersed in a solution of sodium chloride. Zinc chloride and sodium hydrate are formed, which interact to give zinc hydrate and sodium chloride. The carbon plate is covered with a layer of depolarizing-substance, such as copper oxide, and is supported by floats f so as to be partly exposed to the air, which also acts as a depolarizer. The terminal wire P makes contact with the carbon by means of mercury Q. The waste zinc hydrate can be collected and reduced to zinc by electrolysis or by heating with carbon in an electric or or other furnace, and it can then be used again in the battery; or the zinc hydrate can be converted into zinc chloride or sulphate &c., or into zinc oxide, which can be used for paint. The copper-oxide depolarizer may be replaced by manganese dioxide or other metallic compound, or by mercury or finely divided copper or silver &c., and the zinc electrode may be replaced by other metals, such as tin, lead, aluminium, or iron. The electrolyte may be a solution of any salt the acid radical of which forms a soluble salt with the negative electrode while the metal part forms a soluble hydroxide. This hydroxide must be capable of precipitating an insoluble metal hydroxide from the soluble salt formed by the negative electrode. With the electrodes described above, suitable electrolytes are solutions of salts of the alkali metals such as sodium chloride. sodium sulphate, potassium nitrate, &c., and if tin, lead, iron, or aluminium are used, ammonium salts can be used as electrolytes. Neutral electrolytes are preferably made alkaline by the addition of a small quantity of sodium hydrate or ammonium hydrate or carbonate &c. In one example, the electrolyte consists of a. solution in 850 grm. water of 150 grm. sodium chloride and 2.2 grm. sodium hydrate, or of 150 grm. raw common sodium chloride and 11 grm. crystallized raw soda. Fig. 2 shows a form of battery in which the carbon electrode consists of pieces K of coke, graphite, &c. covered with smaller carbon granules k and a layer of copper oxide &c., the whole being contained in a frame I having a perforated bottom. Carbon plates C rest upon the granules k and are in contact with metal bars b through intermediate leaf springs F. The bars b are connected together by bars b', which form one pole of the battery. A porous covering p prevents evaporation and the formation of creeping salts. The negative electrode consists of a number of zinc plates Z which are strung upon metal rods r, as shown in Fig. 6, and spaced apart by metal springs s. The whole is supported by supports V, V<1> also strung upon the rods r. One pair of supports V<1> is shorter than the others, so that the electrode may be tilted and shaken to remove any deposit of zinc hydrate. For thise purpose a rod L, Fig. 2, terminating in a handle H may be fixed to the electrode, the rod L also serving as the terminal connexion. Specifications 5645/82, and 13853/90 are referred to.