Patent GB-974473-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of copolymers
IPC: C10M145/14
Filed: 1961-02-22
Abstract: Oil-soluble addition polymers having polyoxyalkylene side chains which provide dispersant properties to the polymer are made by copolymerizing a preformed polymer with a monomeric mixture of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a polyoxyalkylene group and at least one other unsaturated compound, the polymerizable materials subjected to copolymerization being such as to render the final polymer oil-soluble.  Preferably, at least one unsaturated monomer is polymerized to the extent of 40 to 90% to produce a mixture of monomer and oil-soluble polymers, and then copolymerizing therewith at least one monomer of the formula: CH2=C(R*)COO(CnH2nO)x-R, wherein R* represents hydrogen or a methyl group, R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, phenyl, R1R2NCnH2n-, R1SCnH2n- or R1COOCnH2ngroup, where R1 and R2 represent C1-C12 alkyl groups, n is 2 or 3 and X is an integer of 2 to 30. The preparation of the preformed polymer is preferably carried out in solution in an organic solvent, e.g. toluene or mineral oil, in the presence of an initiator, e.g. a mixture of diisopropyl benzene hydroperoxide and diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.  The examples describe the partial polymerization of the following monomeric materials: (a) lauryl methacrylate, (b) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate, (c) cetyl-stearyl, lauryl-myristyl and n-butyl methacrylate, (d) lauryl acrylate, (e) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and di(lauryl-myristyl) fumarate, (f) lauryl-myristyl methacrylate and di(cetylstearyl)itaconate, (g) lauryl methacrylate and methacrylic, itaconic or N-n-butyl maleamic acid, or maleic anhydride, (h) di(lauryl-myristyl) fumarate and vinyl acetate, (i) vinyl butyrate and stearate, (j) n-butyl, lauryl and stearyl methacrylates, and (k) styrene and lauryl-myristyl methacrylate, and the copolymerization of the product with (i) methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate and mixtures thereof with 2-methyl -5- vinylpyridine, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, or N-vinyl -2- pyrrolidinone, (ii) ethoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, (iii) propoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate and methacrylate, (iv) butoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate, (v) hexanoyloxypolyethoxyethyl methacrylate, (vi) octylphenoxypolyethoxyethyl methacrylate, (vii) di-2-ethylhexylaminopolyethoxyethyl methacrylate, and (viii) tert.-dodecylthiopolyethoxyethyl methacrylate.ALSO:Detergency and dispersancy properties are conferred upon lubricating, fuel and hydraulic oils by the addition thereto of polymers having polyoxyalkylene side chains made by copolymerizing a preformed polymer with a monomeric mixture of at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound containing a polyoxyalkylene group and at least one other unsaturated compound, the materials subjected to copolymerization being such as to render the final polymer oil-soluble.  Exemplified copolymers are derived from long-chain alkyl acrylates, methacrylates, itaconates and fumarates and vinyl esters of long-chain fatty acids, and mixtures thereof with one another and with other monomers, together with acrylic and methacrylic esters of alkoxypolyethylene glycols, alkylaminopolyethylene glycols and alkylthiopolythylene glycols. Oils specified are mineral lubricants, diesters, alkyl phosphates and silicates, furnace oils, kerosene and jet fuels. In addition to the above copolymers the oils may also contain zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, sulphurized oils, phenol sulphonates, alkaryl and petroleum sulphonates, phosphate esters, silicones and other polymers.