Patent GB-1030138-A (GB)
Title: Phosphate products suitable for preparation of fire resistant polyurethane foams
IPC: C08G18/38
Filed: 1963-11-11
Abstract: The invention comprises a product useful in the preparation of fire-resistant polyurethane foams having the residue of a polyol containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and 3 to 7 hydroxyl groups in chemical combination with phosphate groups, the phosphate content of the product being from 33-80 mole per cent of which 55-98% is present as the dibasic phosphate and the remainder as the monobasic phosphate, as determined by potentiometric titration; the product having an acid number of from 200-800 and a hydroxyl number of from 200-1200.  The term "polyol" is meant to include polyethers and polyesters which contain free hydroxyl groups as well as alcohols in which the hydroxyl groups are neither etherified or esterified.  The product is prepared by reacting a polyol having from three to seven carbon atoms and from three to seven hydroxyl groups with phosphorus pentoxide.  The solid materials are fused together in a mole ratio of phosphorus pentoxide to polyol of between 0.25:1-2:1.  It is preferred to carry out the process by adding a solid mixture of the phosphorus pentoxide and polyol to a molten portion of the polyol. The acid functions of the product must be neutralized prior to foaming by reacting with materials such as epoxides, amines and metal hydroxides. Then these products may be further reacted with epoxides or with a carboxylic acid and then with an organic diisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and a cross-linking catalyst to form a foam (see Division C3).  Polyols which may be used as starting materials include sorbitol, mannitol, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, a -methyl glucoside and mixtures of these: polyols having esterified hydroxyl groups include reaction products of the foregoing list with carboxylic acids such as maleic, adipic and phthalic acids; and polyols having etherified hydroxyl groups include reaction products of the foregoing list of unsubstituted polyols with epoxides such as propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and butylene oxide. Examples are given for the production of phosphate ester mixtures from sorbitol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, a -methyl glucoside and a reaction product of sorbitol and propylene oxide and for the oxypropylation of the products by treatment with propylene oxide.ALSO:A fire-resistant polyurethane foam comprises the reaction product of (a) an organic diisocyanate, (b) a foaming agent and (c) the neutral reaction product of an acid neutralizing agent with a composition which comprises the residue of a polyol containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and 3 to 7 hydroxyl groups in chemical combination with phosphate groups, the phosphate content of the composition being from 33-80 mole per cent of which 55-98% is present as the dibasic phosphate and the remainder as mono-basic phosphate, as determined by potentiometric titration; the composition having an acid number of from 200-800 and a hydroxyl number of from 200-1200 (see Division C2). The term "polyol" is defined as including polyethers and polyesters which contain free hydroxyl groups as well as alcohols in which the hydroxyl groups are neither etherified nor esterified. Suitable polyols include sorbitol, mannitol, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, a -methyl glucoside and mixtures of these; those having esterified hydroxy groups such as the reaction products of the foregoing list with such carboxylic acids as maleic, adipic and phthalic acids; and those having etherified hydroxy groups such as the reaction products of the foregoing list with epoxides such as propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and butylene oxide.  The compositions of the invention may be neutralized by treatment with e.g. epoxides, amines and metal hydroxides.  These products may then be further reacted with epoxides such as propylene oxide, ethylene oxide and butylene oxide, or carboxylic acids such as adipic acid, maleic acid and phthalic acid, and they are then reacted with an organic diisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and a cross-linking catalyst to form a foam. Examples are given for the production of polyurethane foams from toluene diisocyanate and oxypropylated derivatives of sorbitol phosphate, trimethylol propane phosphate, a -methyl glucoside phosphate, mannitol phosphate, glycerine phosphate, pentaerythritol phosphate and sorbitol polyether phosphate.