Patent GB-949249-A (GB)
Title: Sulphonation products of epoxidised higher molecular weight compounds
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1961-09-29
Abstract: Epoxidised unsaturated organic compounds containing 10 to 26 carbon atoms per molecule, and an epoxy oxygen content of up to 3% by weight, are sulphonated with sulphuric acid, of another sulphonating agent, present in an amount of more than 20% by weight of the epoxy compound.  Preferably the epoxy starting material contains 0.1-3, especially 0.8-1.5% of epoxy oxygen.  Indicated sulphonating agents are sulphuric acid, with or without a dehydrating agent such as acetic anhydride, phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide, sulphur trioxide and pyridine sulphuric acid adduct. Amounts of sulphonating agent specified are 20 to 40, preferably 25 to 35%. The washed product is neutralised with e.g. ammonia, sodium or potassium hydroxide or an alkanolamine. Indicated unsaturated compounds are alcohols, ether, carboxylic acids, esters and amides and especially animal, vegetable or synthetic oils, fatty acid derivatives thereof, or waxes, especially teaseed, rape, olive, neats' foot, sperm, seal sardine and shak oils, glycerine trioleate, esters, of fatty acids with fatty alcohols e.g. dioleyl adipate, linseed oil alcohol phthalate and interesterification products from castor oil with unsaturated alcohols.  Epoxidation is effected as in the parent Specification. The products are wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, washing, cleaning and rinsing agents and may also be used as tanning, bleaching and fat-liquoring oils for leather and artificial leather, and in the manufacture of paper, pasteboard and cardboard (see Divisions C5, C6 and D1). Examples are provided of the preparation of the sulphonates and their use in textile, leather and paper treatments.ALSO:Surface-active compounds made by sulphonating epoxidized unsaturated organic compounds having from 10 to 26 carbon atoms per molecule, and an epoxy oxygen content of up to 3% by weight, with more than 20% by weight of a sulphonating agent (see Division C2), are neutralized, e.g. with ammonia, NaOH, KOH or an alkanolamine, and used, alone or together with ethylene oxide condensation products, as emulsifying agents for mineral oil greases. Example (4) shows soluble and cutting oils containing, based on mineral oil, 0.3-20% by weight of sulphonated epoxidized neat's foot oil, and Examples (8), (9) and (11) show water-emulsifiable compositions containing respectively sulphonated castor, rape and shark oils added in the proportion of 6 to 4 by weight to mineral oils.ALSO:Surface active compounds made by sulphonating an epoxidized unsaturated organic compound having from 10 to 26 carbon atoms per molecule, and an epoxy oxygen content of up to 3% by weight, with more than 20% by weight of a sulphonating agent (see Division C2) are used in the treatment of leather. The compounds may be used in amounts of 4-6% by weight of fat-liquoring agents, tanning and bleaching oils in conjunction with vegetable tanning and also as plasticizing and thickening agents in leather finishing compositions. Examples show the use of products from sperm oil, glycerine trioleate, teaseed oil, a wax made from oleic acid and cetyl alcohol, castor oil, herring oil and shark oil as fat-liquoring, softening, plasticizing and dispersing agents in the leather industry.ALSO:A glazed coating is obtained on paper by using, in the coating colour, a surface active compound made by sulphonating an epoxidation product of an unsaturated organic compound having 10 to 26 carbon atoms per molecule, and an epoxy oxygen content of up to 3% by weight, the sulphonating agent being employed in an amount of more than 20% by weight, calculated on the epoxidation product; and neutralizing the acidic product.  Example 7 shows the use of a sulphonated castor oil epoxide.ALSO:Surface active compounds made by sulphonating epoxidised unsaturated organic compounds having from 10 to 26 carbon atoms per molecule, and an epoxy oxygen content of up to 3% by weight, with more than 20% of a sulphonating agent (see Division C2) are used, after neutralisation, in dyeing natural and regenerated cellulose as wetting and levelling agents and finishing textiles, in sizes based on starch, albumen or cellulose derivatives, and in the manufacture of paper, cardboard and pasteboard.  Indicated unsaturated compounds are mainly animal, vegetable and synthetic oils, or fatty acid derivatives thereof, or waxes.  In Example 1 sulphonated epoxidised sperm oil is used in the bath liquor in dyeing artificial silk and cotton and in Example 7 a product from castor oil is used as a 5 to 10% by weight addition to a coating colour used to produce a glazed paper.