baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010075412-A (KR)
Title: 종형로 및 종형로용 웨이퍼보트
IPC: H01L21/673
Filed: 1999-09-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 종형로 및 종형로용의 웨이퍼보트에 관한 것으로서, 원호형의 웨이퍼지지부재에 의해 웨이퍼주연부를 면접촉에 의해 지지하는 종래의 종형로용웨이퍼보트에 있어서 웨이퍼의 열처리시에 일어나는 슬립의 발생을 방지하기 위하여, 웨이퍼 지지부재의 웨이퍼를 지지하는 측의 면의 웨이퍼삽입방향과 원호의 중심으로 45°의 각도를 위한 위치에 상기 지지부재가 상기 웨이퍼와 접촉하지 않도록, 홈형의 요홈부를 설치하여 슬립에 의한 디바이스특성으로의 영향이 삭제되고, 디바이스의 수율향상을 위한 기술이 제시된다.
Patent KR-20010090739-A (KR)
IPC: G01N21/01
Filed: 1999-09-30
Abstract: 가스 샘플의 교정 범위내에서 기체 종의 특정 농도 존재를 검출하는 방법 및 장치가 설명된다. 본 발명의 ILS 가스 검출 시스템(10)은 단순히 ILS 레이저(12) 및 광학 검출기(16)를 포함한다. 그러나, ILS 레이저(12)의 잠재적인 또는 동작가능한 파장 대역폭은 바람직하게 흡수 대역 또는 감시되는 내부공동(intracavity) 기체 종에 할당된 영역중 한 개내에 완전히 포함된다. 따라서, 교정 범위내에서, 기체 종의 존재는 ILS 레이저(12)의 출력 레이저 강도를 변경시킨다. 결과적으로, 본 발명의 ILS 레이저 방법을 사용할 때 흡수하는 기체 종의 농도를 정량적으로 결정하기 위해 ILS 레이저(12)의 출력 강도만을 감시할 필요가 있다.
Patent KR-20010089613-A (KR)
IPC: H04H20/00
Filed: 2000-11-22
Abstract: 사용자는 이동국(10)을 이용하여 방송국(70)에 대한 음악전달의 요구신호를 전달관리서버(60)에 송신한다. 이 요구신호에는, 전달받고자 하는 악곡의 악곡 ID와 원하는 전달지의 어드레스가 포함되어 있다. 전달관리서버(60)는 요구신호를 수신하여 비인기곡인 경우, 악곡 데이터와 그것을 복호하기 위한 복호키를 이동국(10) 또는 STB(40)에 반송하는 한편, 인기곡인 경우에는 복호키만을 이동국(10) 또는 STB(40)에 반송한다. 이동국(10) 또는 STB(40)는 비인기곡인 경우, 전달관리서버(60)로부터 수신되는 악곡 데이터를 그것의 복호키에 의해 복호하는 한편, 인기곡인 경우에는 악곡 데이터를 방송국(70)으로부터 공급되는 방송파로 수신하여 그것을 전달관리서버(60)로부터 수신된 복호키에 의해 복호한다.
Patent KR-20010103757-A (KR)
IPC: A63H30/04
Filed: 2000-02-04
Abstract: 프로그램 가능한 완구는 메모리 내에 저장된 프로그램 형태의 명령을 수행할 할 수 있는 마이크로 프로세서; 및 완구에 통합된 디스플레이를 포함한다.  마이크로 프로세서는 명령에 응하여 전기 및/또는 전자-기계 유니트를 제어하도록 조절되고 전기 및/또는 전자-기계 유니트로부터 신호를 수용하도록 조절된다.  디스플레이는 각각 마이크로 프로세서를 위한 명령을 표시하고 마이크로 프로세서의 프로그래밍을 위해 사용자에 의해 작동될 수 있는 다수의 아이콘을 포함한다.  완구는 이로써 시각적 사용자 인터페이스에 의해 프로그램 될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010104340-A (KR)
Title: Thermoplastic resin film with satisfactory printability
IPC: C08J7/044
Filed: 2000-02-03
Abstract: Described is a thermoplastic resin film having on a surface thereof a hydroxy-modified imine polymer containing repeating units represented by the following general formula (I) in an amount of 5 mol% or more based on the total of repeating units. This thermoplastic resin film has ink transfer, adhesion and aging stability, and excellent printability of generating no back ghost when offset printing using oxidation polymerization type ink is performed on both faces. <CHEM>
Patent KR-20010108206-A (KR)
IPC: C02F3/10
Filed: 2000-02-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 오염물을 제거하기 위하여 반응로에서 폐수를 처리하는 공정을 제공하는 것으로: 상기 폐수를 상기 오염물의 성질을 소멸시키고 오염물을 흡착하기 위해 바이오매스(biomass)와 혼합하고, 상기 폐수에 미분화된 제오라이트 물질을 투입하고, 상기 제오라이트 물질에 상기 바이오매스를 혼합하고, 상기 폐수로부터 고체를 침전시키기 위해 방치(allowing)하고, 산출된 폐액을 배출하는 것을 포함하고, 여기서, 상기 미세화된 제오라이트 물질의 상당한 부분은 100㎛ 또는 그 이하의 그레인(grain) 크기를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 공정을 제공한다. 
     또한, 본 발명은 폐수처리공정 상에서 폐수로부터 고체의 분리하는 최적의 방법을 제공하는 것으로: 다수의 희석된 샘플을 형성하기 위해 다른 희석제로 상기 다수의 폐수의 샘플을 희석하고, 각각의 희석된 샘플에 교반되지 않은 슬러지 부피 인덱스(SVI)를 결정하고, 제로(zero) 농도 인데스를 얻기 위해 본질적으로 제로 슬러지 농도에 교반되지 않은 슬러지 부피 인덱스의 상기 결정을 외삽(extrapolating)하고, 슬러지 성질의 단위가 없는 파라미터 표시를 얻기 위해 상기 폐수에 고체의 농도로 제로 농도 인덱스를 곱하고, 상기 파라미터를 최소화하기 위해 상기 공정을 조절하는 것을 포함하는 방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020001877-A (KR)
Title: Memory array with address scrambling
IPC: G11C8/00
Filed: 2000-05-11
Abstract: A memory array includes a plurality of storage cells (10) and a selection device (14) which selects a storage cell (10) for physical access due to a logical address (23) supplied via an address bus (20). The selection device (14) includes a scrambling device (15) which allocates a storage cell (10) in the memory array in predictable fashion by scrambling to a logical address (23) transmitted to one of the selection devices (14), the cell then being physically accessed.
Patent KR-20030060315-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SEONG HO
IPC: H01L29/788
Filed: 2002-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A non-volatile memory device and a fabricating method thereof are provided to increase a coupling ratio of a control gate to a floating gate by forming a depressed portion on a center of an upper portion of a floating gate, and to reduce electrode leakage by increasing thickness of gate interlayer dielectric layer. CONSTITUTION: A non-volatile memory device includes an isolation layer(110), a gate oxide layer(120), a floating gate(135), a gate interlayer dielectric pattern(160), and a control gate(170). The isolation layer is formed on a predetermined region of a semiconductor substrate(100) to define an active region. The gate oxide layer is formed on the active region. The floating gate is used for forming a sidewall of the isolation layer. The gate interlayer dielectric pattern is used for covering the floating gate and the sidewall. The control gate is formed on the gate interlayer dielectric pattern. A center portion of the floating gate is thinner than an edge portion of the floating gate.
Patent KR-20030060599-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for controlling display of data stream
Inventor: PARK HYEON SANG
IPC: H04N5/765
Filed: 2002-01-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system and method for controlling display of data streams are provided to allow a display device to control the size and position of a display area where an image of data stream is displayed according to an operation of a user. CONSTITUTION: A system for controlling display of data streams includes a stream source device(100), and a display device(200). The stream source device generates predetermined data streams. The display device is connected with the stream source device through a home network and receives the data streams generated by the stream source device to display the data streams on a screen. The display device is composed of an MPEG decoder(220) for decoding the data streams, a video display processor(230) for processing video data decoded by the MPEG decoder to display the video data on the screen, and a controller(210) for controlling the video display processor to adjust the size and position of a display area where the video data is displayed.
Patent KR-20020061179-A (KR)
Title: Method for annealing domain wall displacement type magneto-optical disc and magneto-optical disc
Inventor: MIYAOKA YASUYUKI
IPC: G11B11/105
Filed: 2002-01-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: To reduce the effect of the residual magnetic field of an annealing track on an information recording track, and to improve the error rate of a reproducing signal by controlling the polarity of an annealing magnetic field applied to the annealing tracks of both side sandwiching the information recording track. CONSTITUTION: By applying a specified magnetic field during laser annealing, residual magnetization is made uniform on a boundary between an annealing track and an information recording track, and the effect of the residual magnetization is reduced on the information recording track. Thus, an error rate is improved, and a reproducing signal higher in quality than that by a conventional method is obtained. Since the width of the information recording track is narrowed more than that the conventional method, the recording density of the magneto-optical disk is further increased.
Patent KR-20030063662-A (KR)
Title: o-ring sealing method
Inventor: HWANG UI SIK
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 2002-01-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for sealing an O-ring is provided to maintain a perfect sealing type and maximize a vacuum state by pressurizing a wave formed on the upper surface of the O-ring and a hemi-quadrangular structure formed on the lower surface of the O-ring while using a plate. CONSTITUTION: A wave is formed on the upper surface of the O-ring. The lower surface of the O-ring is a structure of a hemi-quadrangle type. Repulsive elastic force is generated by a plate with a groove between the O-ring and the plate in a high vacuum state to maintain a perfect sealing state. Various types of waves can be formed.
Patent KR-20030064160-A (KR)
Title: Hard Disk Drive Driving Determining Device Using Light Emitting Diode
Inventor: LEE GI TAE
IPC: G11B17/02
Filed: 2002-01-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for confirming the operation of a hard disk drive using light-emitting diodes is provided to allow a user to easily confirm the operation of the hard disk drive by making a plurality of light-emitting diodes sequentially emit lights. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for confirming the operation of a hard disk drive using light-emitting diodes includes a pin header(10), a timer(20), a decoder(30), a demultiplexer(40), and a light-emitting diode unit(50). The pin header has a driving signal terminal for generating a light-emitting diode driving signal and a power terminal for receiving drive power. The timer detects a regular light-emitting diode driving signal inputted from the light-emitting diode driving signal terminal of the pin header at a predetermined time interval and outputs a square-wave clock signal. The decoder receives the square-wave clock signal and counts the clock signal in 4-bit binary numbers. The demultiplexer receives the counted square-wave clock signal to divide the clock signal into a plurality of signals for driving the light-emitting diodes and indicates a driving power input state through the light-emitting diodes. The light-emitting diode unit is composed of a plurality of light-emitting diodes that receive the driving signals from the demultiplexer and sequentially emit lights.
Patent KR-20020070098-A (KR)
Inventor: GOTO TOMOYUKI
IPC: C09D183/04
Filed: 2002-02-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide an organopolysioxane composition having two kinds of curing mechanisms of photopolymerizability and condensation curability, and good adhesion, particularly immediately after irradiation with ultraviolet rays to an adherend. CONSTITUTION: The organopolysiloxane composition comprises (A) a diorganopolysiloxne having hydroxyl groups at both molecular chain terminals, (B) an organosilicon compound to be represented by formula (2) £wherein R4 is a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a halogenated phenyl group R5 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group R6 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group X is a hydrolyzable group Z1 is -R7-, -R7O- or -R7(CH3)2Si (wherein R7 is a divalent hydrocarbon group) Z2 is an oxygen atom or a divalent hydrocarbon group m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 0, 1 or 2|, (C) a condensation curing catalyst, and (D) a potopolymerization initiator.
Patent KR-20020024264-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DEOK HO
IPC: B07B9/00
Filed: 2002-02-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for selecting construction wastes is provided to attain high quality regenerated aggregate, to prevent the contamination of environment, and to solve any environmental restrictions related with washing water used for separating earth and sand with foreign impurities. CONSTITUTION: According to the apparatus for regenerating aggregate by using construction waste, earth and sand(6) mixed with foreign impurities generated after a first pulverization process is dropped into the apparatus through a conveyor(50a). Since strong wind generated by using a blower(10) is applied to the dropping earth and sand, the earth and sand that the specific gravity is high is received in a first hopper(40), and the earth and sand that the specific gravity is low is received in a second hopper(41). Dust scattered from the earth and sand is collected in a cyclone dust collector(30).
Patent KR-20030069373-A (KR)
Title: Solubilized Piroxicam Dispersible Tablets and it's Manufacturing Method
Inventor: DAHAN IMELDA
IPC: A61K9/20
Filed: 2002-02-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are a dispersible tablet containing solubilized piroxicam and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufactured dispersible tablet is easily eluted and absorbed and has excellent pharmacological activity. CONSTITUTION: A dispersible tablet is manufactured by dissolving 0.1-3 wt.% of L-arginine in 1-5 wt% of purified water containing ethanol; adding 0.1-30 wt.% of diethanolamine and 0.1-50 wt.% of piroxicam to the dissolution and dissolving them to give a mixed solution of piroxicam and L-arginine; and adding 1.0-60 wt.% of excipient, 1.0-30 wt.% of powder binding agent, 1.0-20 wt.% of a sweetener, 0.1-5.0 wt.% of lubricant, 0.5-25 wt.% of disintergrant to 1.0-20 wt.% of the mixed solution.
Patent KR-20030072097-A (KR)
Title: High tension strength concrete and method for constructing double concrete structures using the same
Inventor: PARK DAE HYO
IPC: C04B14/48
Filed: 2002-03-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a construction method of double-layered concrete structures which increase ultimate load, decrease bending crack, prevent propagation of cracking and improve durability by using high tensile strength concrete containing steel fibers. CONSTITUTION: The high tensile strength concrete comprises 186.5kg/m3 of water, 622kg/m3 of cement, 718kg/m3 of fine aggregate, 718kg/m3 of coarse aggregate, 69kg/me of silica hume 18.7kg/m3 of plasticizer and 157kg/m3 of steel fibers. The double-layered concrete structures are constructed by forming a first concrete layer(101) by pouring the mixture having high tensile strength into a form where reinforcing steel(101r) is placed, and then forming a second concrete layer(102) on the first layer.
Patent KR-20030072672-A (KR)
Title: Reticle equipped with pellicle
Inventor: JUNG YEONG BAE
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2002-03-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A reticle having a pellicle is provided to be capable of minimizing costs and improving productivity by using a separable pellicle structure. CONSTITUTION: A reticle includes a pattern(102) and a pellicle attachment portion(104). A pellicle(200) is provided with a reticle attachment portion(202). At this time, the pellicle(200) is provided with a soft pellicle and a hard pellicle. The hard pellicle is mounted and fixed on a reticle stage. The soft pellicle is separable, thereby minimizing costs and improving productivity.
Patent KR-20030073990-A (KR)
Title: High cycle fatigue tester using separative specimen jig
Inventor: PARK SUN CHAN
IPC: G01N3/04
Filed: 2002-03-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A high-cycle fatigue testing apparatus is provided improve reliability of a testing result of a high-cycle fatigue test and to linearly align a central axis of load in an easy manner by using two jig devices. CONSTITUTION: A sample jig(20) is divided into two semi-cylindrical jig sections, which are formed at outer portions thereof with male screws in such a manner that the sample jig(20) is screw-coupled into a female screw of a connection jig(10). The sample jig(20) is formed at a center thereof with a hollow section(21) in order to receive a test sample(30) therein. The hollow section(21) has a shape identical to a shape of a grip section(31) of the test sample(30). The hollow section(21) includes a first space section(21a) formed at an upper end thereof and a second space section(21b) having a funnel shape. The test sample(30) is movable between the first and second space sections(21a,21b). A diameter of the first space section(21a) is larger than a diameter of the grip section(31) of the test sample(30) in such a manner that a central axis of load automatically matches with an axis of the test sample(30) when load is applied thereto.
Patent KR-20020025175-A (KR)
Inventor: HEO NAM WUK
IPC: B29C45/28
Filed: 2002-03-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are nozzles of a hot runner system for forming plastics, which can be reused by exchanging valve gate tips without exchanging the whole nozzles when valve gates are worn away or damaged. CONSTITUTION: The hot runner system for forming plastics comprises a plurality of nozzles. And the valve gate tip(2), replacing the valve gate, can be exchanged to the part(1) of the valve gate, wherein a washer(4) for preventing shaking and for fixing the tip is inserted with the valve gate tip(2) in the outer circumference of the tip between the valve gate tip(2) and an ingate(3).
Patent KR-20030076786-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal dispensing apparatus
Inventor: KIM WAN SU
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2002-03-21
Abstract: PURPOSE:An apparatus for dispensing liquid crystal is provided to dispense liquid crystal on a substrate by controlling a needle with magnetic force, thereby simplifying a structure and reducing the manufacturing cost. CONSTITUTION:A liquid crystal container(124) is filled with liquid crystal, and gas is applied to an upper part of the liquid crystal container to give pressure to the liquid crystal. A needle sheet(143) is mounted at a lower part of the liquid crystal container and has an exhaust hole exhausting liquid crystal of the liquid crystal container. A needle(136) is inserted into the liquid crystal container to be movable up and down. The up-and-down movements of the needle is controlled by generating magnetic force at upper and lower parts of the needle. At the upper part of the needle, the magnetic force is generated by a solenoid coil(130) and a magnetic stick(132) mounted at the upper part At the lower part of the needle, the magnetic force is generated by the needle or needle sheet formed of a permanent magnetic material. The magnetic force of the upper part is stronger than the magnetic force of the lower part, so that the needle ascends to open the exhaust hole if power is supplied to the solenoid coil and the needle descends to close the exhaust hole if the power supply is terminated.
Patent KR-20030078547-A (KR)
Title: Method for generating a broadcasting received status information in digital broadcasting receiver
Inventor: CHOI MYEONG SEOK
IPC: H04N7/20
Filed: 2002-03-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for generating information on the broadcasting receiving state in a digital broadcasting receiver is provided to represent the information on the broadcasting receiving state of a selected channel such as the level or quality of digital broadcasting signals received via a satellite antenna. The information is displayed on a TV screen according to a single graph OSD signal. CONSTITUTION: A method for generating information on the broadcasting receiving state in a digital broadcasting receiver includes a tuner part(30), a Demux(31), an MPEG decoder(32), a signal synthesizing part(33), a level/quality detecting part(34), an OSD generating part(35), a control part(36), and a memory(37). The control part controls the operations of the tuner part and the Demux for selectively receiving broadcasting program desired by a user. The tuner part selectively tunes broadcasting signals of a user's desired channel among 1GHz band signals via an LNB provided to a satellite antenna. The Demux selects the desired program service and carries out the parsing of the broadcasting programs to audio, video and data.
Patent KR-20030002301-A (KR)
Title: A container installed an audio system
Inventor: JEON BYOUNG JIN
IPC: B65D88/12
Filed: 2002-04-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A container with an audio system is provided to broadcast job safety rules to workers and play music when loading or unloading freights. CONSTITUTION: In the container for loading freights, the audio system having a sound device and a battery(7) is mounted on an inner wall of the container. The sound device includes a sensor(57) for sensing an open state of a door; an automatic power switch(53) for supplying a power of the battery(7) to the sound device upon sensing the open state of the door; a voice chip(51) for generating stored voice data when power is supplied through the automatic power switch; and a radio receiving unit(52) turned on after the completion of data reproduction of the voice chip for receiving a radio broadcast signal.
Patent KR-20030083279-A (KR)
Inventor: EUM TEA BONG
IPC: B42D3/00
Filed: 2002-04-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A book cover is provided to effectively protect the cover regardless of the thickness of a book, to endow it with a book marker, and to allow the user to conveniently read a book even in a state that the book is fitted in the book cover. CONSTITUTION: The book cover comprises a pair of outer cover sheets(110), each having insertion portions(112) into which both front and rear covers of a book are fitted and perforating passage(114) formed by folding the ends thereof, elastic strings(120) fitted into the passages, and a binding member(130) for binding the strings fitted in the passages. By virtue of the elasticity of the strings, the book is fitted in the book cover regardless the thickness of the book, and the user reads the book even in a state that the book is fitted in the book cover.
Patent KR-20030083294-A (KR)
Title: a method for interlock shock controling at manual D →N of automatic transmission in vehicle
Inventor: SIM HYEON SU
IPC: F16H61/04
Filed: 2002-04-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A shift control method in shifting into the neutral range in an automatic transmission during forward travel of a vehicle is provided to prevent interlock shock in shifting from the D-range to the N-range by supplying hydraulic pressure to a brake according to travel condition. CONSTITUTION: Switching condition of a shift lever and rpm of an output shaft are detected in shifting the shift lever during traveling forward(S110). A release control signal of forward and neutral operation factors is output in shifting from the D-range into the N-range in case of rpm of the output shaft to be over the first predetermined value, and the rpm of the output shaft and the position of the shift lever are decided(S130). The opening degree of a throttle valve and the power condition are decided in case of the output shaft rpm to be less than the first predetermined value in shifting from the D-range into the N-range(S140,S150). The neutral operation factor combination signal is output at power-off in case of the opening degree of the throttle valve to be zero(S160).
Patent KR-20030085167-A (KR)
Title: Handphon mask cap
Inventor: SHIN SUK KYUN
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2002-04-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mask cap for a secret phone call of a mobile phone is provided to transmit a clear voice without bother other people in the case that a user of a mobile phone cannot answer a phone call in a conference or public place. CONSTITUTION: A mouthpiece(2) made of an elastic material is provided to be brought in touch with a mouth. An inserted piece(3) made of the elastic material is fixed at a microphone unit forming an ear phone, so that a mask cap(1) is fixed at the microphone unit. A fixing body(4) is formed between the mouthpiece(2) and the inserted piece(3). The user fixes the mouthpiece(2) at the microphone unit and brings the mouth in touch with the mouthpiece(2).
Patent KR-20030089165-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method for nangmyon of acanthopanax
Inventor: HA JONG WOO
IPC: A23L7/109
Filed: 2002-05-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of producing cold noodles(naengmyon) by using Acanthopanacis Cortex having a pharmacological action of treating hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetics or the like is provided. Therefore, the product has an effect of improving health, together with characteristic taste and flavor of Acanthopanacis Cortex. CONSTITUTION: Acanthopanacis Cortex is washed, steamed at 100deg.C for 50 to 60min, dried with hot air and then ground. Then, 7% by weight of Acanthopanacis Cortex powder is mixed with 81% by weight of wheat flour, 5% by weight of buckwheat flour, 5% by weight of sweet potato starch, 3% by weight of wheat starch, 0.5% by weight of sodium bicarbonate and 0.5% by weight of salt, the mixture is kneaded with water in a ratio of 2:8, extruded from a noodle-making machine and cut to a specified size.
Patent KR-20030090069-A (KR)
Title: A span wrinkle prevent machine
Inventor: KIM WOONG KI
IPC: D06C15/00
Filed: 2002-05-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for removing the wrinkle of textile is characterized by supplying smoothly spandex textile on shrinking and passing the textile on a curvature drum. The device prevents wrinkle and improves quality and texture. CONSTITUTION: The device for removing the wrinkle of textile comprises a hot water bath(1) storing hot water; a cold drum(2) storing cold water; guide rollers guiding the textile(S); the curvature drum(10) installed in the hot well(1) and supplied the textile(S) on following an circumference thereof; a hot water supplying nozzle(8) which is installed on an upper part of curvature drum(10), injecting hot water; and a tension roller(15) giving proper tension to the textile(S).