Patent GB-763584-A (GB)
Title: A new and improved method of and means for forming hollow articles from thermo-plastic material by blowing
IPC: A45D2/32
Filed: 1952-04-07
Abstract: 763,584. Blow-moulding hollow plastic articles. PARFREY, F. T. Dec. 16, 1952 [April 7, 1952], No. 10776/55. Divided out of 763,583. Class 87(2). A method of forming hollow articles comprises the steps of (1), Fig. 8, downwardly extruding a tube T of plastic material above a blowing nozzle 63 ; (2), Fig. 9, raising the nozzle so that it engages with the open lower end of the tube; (3), Fig. 9, closing a die A, B about the tube; (4), Fig. 10, forcing fluid under pressure through the nozzle into the tube to blow the tube to shape; and (5) displacing the formed article from the die. As the die halves A, B close, the tube is severed from the nozzle by a knife 89, Fig. 2. The die is then swung about pivots 68 to the broken line inclined position shown in Fig. 2 (the die being thus removed from the path of the continuously-extruded tube) by a fluid-pressure cylinder 81, and the article is blown. During blowing, compressed air leaves the article through a pipe 51, Fig. 10, which is concentric with nozzle 63, and a valve 54, Fig. 3, this valve being adjusted to obtain the desired pressure within the article (see Specification 763,583). The die is then opened, the nozzle is retracted, the blown article falls out of the die, and the die is swung back to the vertical position where it closes on another tube length that has been extruded whilst blowing has been taking place. In a modified procedure, for making long articles, the die, instead of being tilted to an inclined position, is moved bodily along rails 74 by means of a fluidpressure cylinder 78, the cylinder 81 being disconnected. The die halves A, B are cooled and are pivotally mounted on bolts 17, Fig. 3, in a member 18 fixed to a pneumatic cylinder 22 housing a piston 25 movement of which opens and closes the die halves via platform 28 and links 31. The top parts 35 of the die are pivoted at 36 on the halves A, B and are opened by a pull on rods 39 (when platform 28 descends) and closed by springs 43. The air tubes 51, 63 are moved by a pneumatic cylinder 49 housing a piston 52 and spring 56. The die and the pneumatic cylinders 22, 49 form a unit which is secured to a bracket 45 pivoted at 68 on a carriage 69 which may run on wheels 73 on rails 74. The knife 89 is moved by a pneumatic cylinder 87, Fig. 7, mounted on a plate 86 pivoted on a platform 84. The knife is pressed upward by a spring 92, Fig. 2, against a nut 91. The knife is held in the cutting position by the die A, B, but when the die moves away from the nozzle a spring 93 presses the knife away from the nozzle to allow the plastic tube to be extruded. Two dies may be fitted to the bracket 45, one being in action whilst the article made in the other is being cooled. The apparatus may be controlled manually or by automatic means including a photo-electric cell or a microswitch operated by the extruded tube. The formed article may be cooled by cool air and trimmed and finished by pincer means. A single extrusion machine may have four different nozzles, each co-operating with a blowing machine, for making four different articles simultaneously. By fitting different sizes of collar to the nozzle the latter may be used to blow different-sized articles.