baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent FR-2794998-B1 (FR)
Inventor: SIMONNET JEAN THIERRY
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1999-06-21
Granted: 2001-07-27
Abstract: An organogel composition in the form of an emulsion of an oil phase dispersed in a glycol phase has a surfactant system capable of forming a lamellar phase in contact with the glycol phase, contains little surfactant and obviates the need to add surfactants based on lecithin. In an organogel composition in the form of an emulsion of an oil phase dispersed in a glycol phase with a surfactant system, the surfactant system contains nonionic surfactant(s) capable of forming a lamellar phase in contact with the glycol phase and has an HLB value of 1-10, the glycol phase comprises glycerol and glycol(s) and forms  NOTLESS  30 wt.% of the total composition; and the weight ratio of glycol phase/surfactant system is ≥ 20.
Patent FR-2795434-B1 (FR)
IPC: D03C3/20
Filed: 1999-06-25
Granted: 2001-08-10
Abstract: At a loom harness, where the warps are moved to form the shed for weft insertion, a common monitor (20,21) registers the presence of all the warps (1) moved by different electrical actuators (6), to establish the passage of at least one warp in a set position. A further monitor (10) registers the value (θ 0) of a parameter (θ ) of the actuator (6) command, according to the passage of the warp (1) in the given position. A warp (1) to be registered (S2) is shifted into the set position, and the parameter (θ ) for the actuator (6) command is selected during the warp movement in that position, and the selected parameter value (θ 0) is used as a reference value for the actuator (6) command. The first monitor (20,21) is mounted to the loom frame, with a transmitter (20) to generate a wave signal to be registered by a facing receiver cell (21) on the other side of the warps (1), which can detect a signal change. The transmitter (20) can be a helium-neon gas laser or a laser diode, which sends a laser beam (22), and the receiver (21) determines any change in the laser beam intensity while the warps (1) are in the beam path. The receiver can have a thread structure, aligned on a global direction (F2) parallel to the wefts. The first monitor can have a trolley moving along a support parallel to the warps, fitted with a receiver by a contact to act selectively with one of the warps. The trolley is integrated with an extension, to make contact with certain warps. The contacts between the warps and the extension generate a force to shift the trolley on its support. An Independent claim is included for a warp displacement action where at least one warp (1) is shifted by an actuator (6). The passage of at least one warp is registered (S2) at a given position. A value is selected of a command parameter (θ ) for the actuator during the passage of the warp in the set position, and the selected value (θ 0) is used as a reference value for the command of the actuator. Preferred Features: The selected parameter value (θ 0) is used for that parameter to determine at least one control value of the parameter matching at least one particular point in the warp (1) movement through the action of the actuator (6). A number of warps can be shifted by a single actuator, where their passage is detected at a given point, and a selected parameter value (θ 0) is used to control the actuator for at least one warp.
Patent HR-P990354-B1 (HR)
Inventor: ORJALES-VENERO AURELIO
IPC: A61P43/00
Filed: 1999-11-16
Abstract: 4-Supstituirani piperidini općenite formule (I), naznačeni time, da u njoj R1 i R2 predstavljaju nesupstituirane arilne radikale ili arilne radikale koji su mono- ili polisupstituirani halogenom (fluor, klor, brom, jod), alkilom, alkoksi, cijano, trifluormetoksi, trifluormetilom, benzoilom, fenilom, nitro, amino, amino-alkilom, aminoarilom, karbonilamino te njihove farmaceutski prihvatljive soli s anorganskim i organskim kiselinama. Patent sadrži još 5 patentnih zahtjeva.
Patent HU-223619-B1 (HU)
Title: Apparatus for treatement of blood product
Inventor: LE COMTE ROGER
IPC: B01F11/00
Filed: 2001-06-29
Abstract: The conveyor (10) carries cassettes (12) individually through a set path. The agitator (30) grips (32) the tube (18) in a stationary cassette along the path. It takes it out, agitates and replaces it. A sampling unit (34) includes a needle to extract a given quantity of sample from the replaced tube.
Patent HU-224280-B1 (HU)
Title: Filter, especially for vacuum cleaner bag
Inventor: SCHULTINK BAS
IPC: D04H13/00
Filed: 1999-05-11
Abstract: A disposable vacuum filter bag is constructed of layers which include a high-air-permeability first layer (10) positioned upstream in the direction of air flow of a second filtration layer (11). The second filtration layer (11) can be a meltblown fleece, a wet-laid filter paper, a dry-laid filter paper or a spunbond nonwoven. The first layer (10) can be made of a high-bulk meltblown nonwoven, dry-laid or wet-laid high-dust-capacity paper, spunblown modular nonwoven or microdenier spunbond nonwoven. A filter and a method for removing particles entrained in a gas where the filter has the same type of constructional features as the disposable vacuum filter bag are also disclosed.
Patent HU-226799-B1 (HU)
Inventor: BABA ISTVAN
IPC: C08K9/06
Filed: 2006-10-13
Abstract: A találmány szerinti műanyag szigetelőtestnek üvegrúd, üvegszál-erősítésű epoxirúd vagy nagy mechanikai szilárdságú epoxigyanta belső magja (1) van, amelynek egyik, vagy mindkét végére erőbevezető fémszerelvények (2a, 2b) vannak rögzítve és külső, ernyőzettel ellátott szilikonelasztomer burkolata van. Új jellemzői, hogy a belső mag (1), valamint az erőbevezető fémszerelvények (2a, 2b) azon felületén, melyet a szilikonelasztomer burkolat (4) fed, egy filmszerűen vékony, folyamatos zománcfestékréteg (5) van kiképezve (és a felületre égetve) és e köztes zománcfestékréteghez (5) kapcsolódik vízzáróan egy önmagában ismert ragasztórétegen (3) keresztül a külső szilikonelasztomer burkolat (4). HU 226 799 Β1 1. ábra A leírás terjedelme 6 oldal (ezen belül 1 lap ábra)
Patent HU-220816-B1 (HU)
Title: System with ground symmetric line system and with ground asymmetric line system and a matching circuit arrangement between them
Inventor: DR DEY
IPC: H03H7/42
Filed: 1994-09-28
Abstract: A transformer is in this case used which has an auxiliary winding in addition to a main winding for electrical impedance matching. The auxiliary winding results in the magnetisation current being adapted so that good electrical balancing is always provided even in the event of a serious electrical mismatch. <IMAGE>
Patent HU-222981-B1 (HU)
Title: Recombinant p53 adenovirus, methods and compositions
Inventor: ROTH JACK A
IPC: C12N15/33
Filed: 1994-10-28
Abstract: Described are simplified and efficient methods for preparing recombinant adenovirus using liposome-mediated cotransfection and the direct. observation of a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the transfected cells. Also disclosed are compositions and methods involving novel p53 adenovirus constructs, including methods for restoring p53 function and tumor suppression in cells and animals having abnormal p53.
Patent HU-222195-B1 (HU)
Inventor: PALMER BETHE M
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 1997-04-18
Abstract: A találmány tárgya próbaruhadarab előre meghatározott szabásmintáktárolására szolgáló tárolóeszközt tartalmazó, egyedi méretre szabó ésgyártó rendszerben történő alkalmazásra, amely próbaruhadarab megfelelegy előre meghatározott egyedi ruhadarab szabásmintájának, és amelypróbaruhadarab előre meghatározott méretű, egymással összevarrt„alkatrészek" sokaságából áll, és meghatározott méretek közöttikritikus méretekkel rendelkezik, valamint egy, a kritikus méretetazonosító és ezt egy megfelelő, a szabó- és gyártórendszerben tároltegyedi szabásmintával összekapcsoló kódja van. A találmány szerintipróbaruhadarabot az jellemzi, hogy az alkatrészek méretei egyhagyományos osztályozási rendszerrel és egy kettős osztályozásirendszerrel vannak megállapítva, ahol az alkatrészek elsőkéntmeghatározott kritikus mérete állandó, a többi méret pedig ahagyományos osztályozási rendszer felhasználásával kialakítottalapszabásminta alkatrészeinek méreteit követi. ŕ
Patent HU-220844-B1 (HU)
Inventor: EPKE THEODOR
IPC: A01H5/02
Filed: 1997-05-09
Abstract: A Pensam fajtanevű műskátlifajtát az jellemzi, hőgy közepes növésű,sők-közepes számú, szálas virágzatú, levelének alapszíne sötészöld,közepes nagyságú levéllemezén zőnális gyűrűvel, sők és nagy átmérőjűfélig telt, pirős, RHS 45 B színű nagyőn nagy, szőkásős élettartamú ésközepes-kőrai virágzású, a csapadékkal szemben jó ellenálló-képességűvirágjai vannak. ŕ
Patent HU-225768-B1 (HU)
Title: Push-fit tube couplings
Inventor: DUDLEY STEVEN JOHN
IPC: F16L37/091
Filed: 1996-07-05
Abstract: A tube coupling system comprises a coupling having a main body (2) which defines a tube receiving bore, the tube receiving bore being provided with a seal (4) to seal around the outer surface of a tube (T) received within the bore and being provided with tube gripping means such as a split ring (8) for engaging the outer surface of the tube. The system further comprises a release tool (21) which may be moved axially with respect to the bore to release the tube gripping means (8) from the tube (T). The release tool is removable and the tube gripping means has an outwardly facing tapering surface (28) which is engaged by a corresponding surface on the release tool. The tool is a two part or hinged sleeve to enable it to be placed over, and removed from, the tube (T).
Patent HU-224816-B1 (HU)
Title: Process for producing a-nor-seco-steroide compounds, seco-indoxylidenecarboxilicacid derivetives as intermediates thereof
Inventor: SANTA CSABA
IPC: C07C62/06
Filed: 1999-06-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the synthesis of 17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-1,3-seco-2-nor-5alpha-androstane-3-acid derivatives of formula (I)wherein the meaning of Z is carboxyl or formyl group andto the new secoindoxylidene carboxylic acid derivatives of formula (II)wherein R1 and R2 independently are C1-C4 alkyl or alkoxy group, hydrogen or halogen atom-which are intermediates for preparing the compounds of formula (I).The 17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-1,3-seco-2-nor-5alpha-androstane-3-acid derivatives of formula (I) are intermediates in the synthesis of oxandrolon (17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-2-oxa-5alpha-androstane-3-one), which is used as anabolic in therapy.
Patent JP-3047294-B1 (JP)
Title: 電子ビ―ム描画方法および描画装置、ならびにそれを用いて製作したデバイス
IPC: H01J37/305
Filed: 1999-02-26
Granted: 2000-05-29
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】リアルタイム追従偏向量を非常に小さく押さ え、グリッジノイズの生じない範囲のみで描画を行いグ リッジノイズの影響のない高精度な描画を行う。
【解決手段】追従偏向量演算部６でショット座標との差 分に偏向歪補正を演算した後、試料台位置の追従偏向量 を図形描画（ショット）のタイミングでサンプリングし た追従偏向量（同期追従偏向量）と同期追従偏向量を原 点としたリアルタイム追従偏向量とに分割し、同期追従 偏向量はショットのタイミングと同期してレジスタ１ ３、ディジタル演算器２１、ＤＡ変換器１５から出力す る。また、リアルタイム追従偏向量は、ディジタル演算 器１４、ＤＡ変換器１６を介してリアルタイムで出力す る。アナログ加算器１７でパターンジェネレータ１から の描画偏向データとともに前記両追従偏向量を加算し、 偏向器を駆動する。
Patent JP-2960391-B1 (JP)
Title: 化粧管
IPC: E04F11/18
Filed: 1998-04-01
Granted: 1999-10-06
Abstract: 【要約】
【課題】  加工時の作業性が良好な化粧管を提供する。
【解決手段】  その外表面１ａに磨き加工、メッキ加工 等の化粧処理が施された直管でなる化粧管１において、 上記外表面１ａ上に、その軸線と平行に管長方向に延び る直線でなる基準線Ｌを付設する。かかる化粧管１によ れば、該化粧管１の加工作業において上記基準線Ｌを加 工の基準として利用することで、作業性の向上が図ら れ、延いては該化粧管１を加工して得られる製品の製作 コストの低廉化が期待できるものである。
Patent NL-2016753-B1 (NL)
Title: Platooning method for application in heavy trucks
Inventor: ALBERTUS CLEMENS MARIA VAN DER KNAAP
IPC: G05D1/02
Filed: 2016-05-10
Granted: 2017-11-16
Abstract: It is aimed to provide a method for guiding a motor vehicle on the basis of image data when autonomously driving the motor vehicle in platooning formation following a leading vehicle, by a steering controller coupled to a steering system, and a headway controller receiving and controlling a vehicle’s interdistance relative to a leading vehicle, said method comprising: controlling, by the steering controller, the vehicle’s lateral distance relative to a first lane side, said steering controller receiving inputs from a first lane side detector mounted on a vehicles first front side location, and from a second lane side detector mounted on the a vehicles second front side location opposing said vehicles first front side location, wherein said first and second detectors are spaced apart over or wider than the vehicle’s width.
Patent NL-2018701-B1 (NL)
Title: Obstacle light optic and system
Inventor: THOMAS LEEUWANGH
IPC: F21W111/06
Filed: 2017-04-12
Granted: 2018-10-19
Abstract: An obstacle light optic having a collimating part, a first reflecting part and a second reflecting part. A light emitting element is provided that emits light towards the collimating part, wherein the collimating part reflects and collimates the emitted light towards the first reflecting part and the second reflecting part. The first reflecting part and the second reflecting part are configured to direct light from a light emitting element towards an exit surface at a single side of the optic only.
Patent NL-2018809-B1 (NL)
Title: Freeze-dried Coffee Powder and a Method for the Manufacture thereof
Inventor: JOE CHRISTOPHER WELSH
IPC: A23F5/32
Filed: 2017-04-28
Granted: 2019-05-24
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of a freeze-dried coffee powder, the method comprising: providing a coffee extract having from 40wt% to 55wt% solids; adding gas to the coffee extract in an amount of from 1NL/kg to 5NL/kg of coffee extract, to provide a gas-containing coffee extract at above atmospheric pressure; depressurising the gas-containing coffee extract to form a foamed coffee extract; cooling the foamed coffee extract to below -40°C without shear, or with low shear, to form a frozen coffee extract, grinding the frozen coffee extract to a powder; and drying the powder, wherein the step of cooling the foamed coffee extract to below -40°C comprises: (i) cooling the foamed coffee extract to a first temperature; (ii) cooling the foamed coffee extract from the first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature; and (iii) cooling the foamed coffee extract from the second temperature to below -40°C, wherein the first temperature is 1°C above a freezing point of the foamed coffee extract and wherein the second temperature is 3°C below the freezing point, wherein step (ii) has a duration of from 5 to 90 minutes, preferably 10 to 60 minutes.
Patent NL-2019944-B1 (NL)
Title: toepassing van kiezelzuurverbinding voor behandelen van onderdelen van dierenverblijven.
Inventor: MARTIN HENZEN
IPC: C09D1/02
Filed: 2017-11-20
Granted: 2019-05-24
Abstract: De onderhavige octrooiaanvraag heeft betrekking op een nieuwe toepassing van een of meer kiezelzuurverbindingen, te weten voor het behandelen van een of meer onderdelen van een dierenverblijf. Hierdoor wordt een manier verschaft om het uitlogen van chemische middelen uit (onderdelen van) dierenverblijven te verminderen of te elimineren. De onderhavige octrooiaanvraag heeft tevens betrekking op een kiezelzuurverbinding voor behandeling van ten minste een gedeelte van een dierenverblijf of inrichtingsdeel daarvan. Daarnaast heeft de onderhavige octrooiaanvraag betrekking op een gronderingssamenstelling, omvattende een of meer kiezelzuurverbindingen en water.
Patent NL-2020745-B1 (NL)
Title: Switching element control circuit and power module
Inventor: KENICHI SUZUKI
IPC: H03K17/14
Filed: 2018-04-11
Granted: 2020-12-02
Abstract: Provided is a switching element control circuit 100 according to the present invention which is configured to perform a measurement mode in which a threshold voltage of a switching 5 element 200 is measured and a control mode in which an ON/OFF operation of the switching element 200 is controlled in a switching manner, the switching element control circuit 100 includes: a threshold voltage measurement power source 10; a third electrode voltage control part 20; an ON/OFF state determination part 30; and a memory part 40 which stores the third electrode voltage applied to the third electrode as a threshold voltage of the switching element, wherein the third 10 electrode voltage control part 20 controls, in the control mode, the third electrode voltage based on information including the threshold voltage stored in the memory part 40 at the time of bringing the switching element 200 into an ON state. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a switching element control circuit 100 capable of reducing an switching loss of the switching element, capable of controlling an ON/OFF operation of the switching element with 15 certainty, and capable of increasing productivity of the switching elements.
Patent NL-2033097-B1 (NL)
Title: Method for remotely monitoring host based on chip-level privacy-preserving computation (ppc)
Inventor: FENG SHA
IPC: G06F21/62
Filed: 2022-09-21
Granted: 2023-12-14
Abstract: The present disclosure provides a remote host monitoring method based on chip-level privacy-preserving computation (PPC), including: Sl: allowing monitoring software in a user- 5 side host to start in a chip-level trusted execution environment (TEE), S2: determining whether the user-side host locally stores valid private data, directly going to step S4 if yes, or otherwise, going to step S3, S3: establishing a secure connection with a supervisor and capturing private data, and S4: allowing monitoring software running in the TEE to execute a related monitoring instruction based on the private data, encrypting and signing a monitoring result, and 10 transmitting the monitoring result to the supervisor. The present disclosure ensures validity, tamper resistance and security of monitoring information of the user with a TEE based on PCC, encrypts and signs the monitoring information based on an encryption key and a signature key of the supervisor, can locally store the monitoring information. 15 Fig. l
Patent PT-97944-B1 (PT)
Inventor: LAVASTRE SERGE
IPC: C07D295/108
Filed: 1991-06-12
Abstract: The invention relates to hexahydroazepine derivatives of formula: <IMAGE>  in which:   - A is a group chosen from the following: -CO-CH2-; -CH(OH)- CH2-: -CH2-CH2-; -CH=CH-; -C IDENTICAL C-;   - X represents hydrogen or a halogen;   - Y is a cyclohexyl group or, when X is hydrogen, a phenyl group; as well as their salts with inorganic or organic acids.
Patent RO-106646-B1 (RO)
Inventor: CONSTANCEANU EMILIA-SIMONA
IPC: A21C1/04
Filed: 1993-01-13
Abstract: Dispozitivul amovibil, de frământare
continua, a aluatului, se adapteaza pe mașinile de
frământat aluatul, in locul dispozitivului de
frământare discontinua, adaptare ce se realizează la
nivelul arborelui motor, care iese din batiul
mașinii. El este alcătuit dintr-un angrenaj format
din doua roti cu dantura înclinată, dintre care una
este montata pe arborele motor, ce iese din batiul
mașinii, intr-o carcasa fixata de batiu, iar cealalta
roata cu care angrenează prima este montata pe un
arbore antrenat, înclinat cu 30° fata de primul, in
alta carcasa solidara cu prima, in care arborele
antrenat este ghidat de doi rulmenți si este
prevăzut, la căpătui ce iese din carcasa, cu un braț
de frământare, in forma de furca cu doi dinți cu
profil spiralat, care rămân continuu, in aluat.
Patent RO-109680-B1 (RO)
Inventor: VASILACHE CONSTANTIN
IPC: H05B3/60
Filed: 1993-06-08
Abstract: Invenția se referă la un aparat
destinat încălzirii electrice, a spațiilor de locuit,
folosind energia stocată într-un fluid de acumulare.
Convectorul electric, cu acumulare a căldurii
folosește un fluid ce umple un rezervor metalic (1),
echipat cu niște termorezistenje electrice (2) și un
compensator de volum (3), întreg ansamblul fiind
acoperit de o carcasă (4) cu care este în contact,
prin niște punți termice (7), carcasa (4) fiind
prevăzută cu niște fante (a) acoperite de niște
clapete (5) ce pot fi deplasate de un sistem de
acționare (6).
Patent RO-112288-B1 (RO)
Inventor: STROE ELENA
IPC: C09D163/00
Filed: 1993-12-22
Abstract: Compoziţia pulverulentă pentru acoperirea suprafeţelor metalice, în scop anticorosiv, decorativ şi electroizolant, conform invenţiei, este constituită dintr-un amestec de răşini epoxidice plastifiate şi reticulate, agenţi de etalare, agenţi de plastifiere, pigmenţi şi materiale de umplutură. Procedeul de obţinere, conform invenţiei, constă în omogenizarea răşinilor epoxidice cu răşinile poliesterice în topitură, la 140...160°C, timp de 30 min.
Patent RO-116467-B1 (RO)
Title: Wood overform turning lathe
Inventor: PERJU COSTEL
IPC: B27C7/00
Filed: 1994-10-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a wood turning lathe by overforming a former bar, especially used in small carpenter's shops or small series handicraft industries. According to the invention, the lathe has both an overforming device (C) and a former bar (39) located at the front part of the lathe, on a longitudinal support (16), the overforming head (25) with the pick-up unit (38) sliding along a bar, actuated by a cable (27) operated by means of a hand wheel (28), and a grinding device (D) located at the back part of the lathe, namely in the cutting area, said grinding device (D) comprising a roller system (E) for supporting and guiding along a longitudinal bar, both devices being mounted simultaneously in distinct positions, the abrasive belt driving motor providing by its own weight a positive seat for the abrasive belt, when said belt is not pressed onto the working piece by the worker.
Patent RO-110179-B1 (RO)
Inventor: FRUNZA STEFAN
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 1994-12-21
Abstract: Procedeul de aliniere homeotropă, a
cristalelor lichide, nematice, interesează tehnologia
de realizare a dispozitivelor de afișaj, cu cristale
lichide, care funcționează pe baza efectului de
deformare a fazelor aliniate sau pe baza efectului
de difuzie dinamică, a luminii, și utilizează straturi
de aliniere, depuse prin spin coating, în alcătuirea
acestor straturi intrând complecși de cobalt, ale
căror soluții se prepară direct în forma necesară
depunerii, prin adăugarea cantității corespunzătoare
de sare metalică, peste soluția apoasă ligandului
organic, astfel încât să se asigure raportul molar
corespunzător pentru reactanții ion metalic și ligand
organic, după depunere straturile fiind tratate
termic.
Patent RO-114513-B1 (RO)
Title: Method and device for diagnosing steering-suspension assembly of a front-wheel driven motorvehicle
Inventor: SIMIONESCU PETRU-AURELIAN
IPC: G01M17/00
Filed: 1995-05-04
Abstract: The invention refers to a method and arrangement for diagnosing the steering and suspension of a front-wheel drive motor vehicle, in particular of the ball joints and bushings. According to the method, one of the front wheels is jacked up and replaced with a so called "standard wheel" of a given unbalancing.  The jacked wheel is then spun at various speeds using the vehicle's own engine, by engaging one of the low speeds of the transmission.  The vibratory response of the steering and suspension system are sensed using a vibration transducer (3) mounted on the steering wheel (1), which sends its signal to a vibrometer, the readings of which are then compared to predetermined acceptable values. The arrangement includes a disk (2) mounted on the vehicle's steering wheel (1) by means of elastic stripes (5) that go through perforations (a) and whose ends are fitted with a pin (6) and a hook (7), respectively, which are inserted into some symmetrical holes (8). In order to enhance the rigidity of the contact between the disk (2) and the steering wheel (1) protrusions (b) are provided, while concentric circles of various colours are drawn to help the operator with centering disk (2) on the steering wheel (1).
Patent RO-110601-B1 (RO)
Inventor: BODU TUDOR
IPC: B01D29/00
Filed: 1995-09-15
Abstract: Invenția se referă la o crepină pentru
filtre cu nisip, pentru filtrarea apei potabile sau
industriale. Crepină pentru filtre cu nisip, conform
invenției, este prevăzută cu o tijă (c) tubulară, care
are un orificiu (d), cu diametrul cuprins între 2 și
4 mm, situat la o distanță (D) față de capătul
inferior al filetului (b) M 24 și fante (e și f) cu
acces profilat, similare, raportul între lungimea (L)
a tijei (c) tubulare și lungimea (1) a fantelor (e și f)
fiind cuprins între 9 și '18. Invenția prezintă
avantajul amorsării rapide a procesului de spălare
bifazică aer - apă care este continuu și uniform,
asigurând crepinei rezistență mecanică, fiabilitate și
siguranță mărite în exploatarea filtrelor cu nisip.