Patent GB-1061494-A (GB)
Title: Process of preparing lubricant additives
Inventor: LESUER WILLIAM MONROE
IPC: C10L1/22
Filed: 1965-02-04
Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises a major proportion of a mineral lubricating oil, from 0.01-0.5% of phosphorus as a Group II metal phosphorodithioate, e.g. the zinc or barium salt of <FORM:1061494/C4-C5/1> wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl radicals and a small amount, sufficient to reduce the tendency for haze-development and sedimentation at elevated temperatures, of an acylated amine formed by heating at above 80 DEG C. an alkylene amine of formula H2N-(Alkylene NH)xH, where x is preferably less than 6 and the alkylene radical is preferably a lower alkylene radical or a cyclic diamine such as piperazine with from 0.5 to 1 equivalent of each equivalent of the alkylene amine used of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid having at least 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical and an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic monocarboxylic acid, the ratio of equivalents of the substituted succinic acid to the monocarboxylic acid being from 1:0.1 to 1:1, and removing the water formed thereby.  The acylation with the two acids may be performed in two stages.  0.05-5% of the acylated amine may be used to improve the thermal stability of lubricating oils, 0.001-10% to impart detergent properties, and 0.001-5% may be used in fuel oils.  Data are given showing the antihaze or antisedimentation action of the reaction product of polyisobutene (M.W. 1000)-substituted succinic anhydride, stearic acid and a substantially tetraethylene pentamine polyalkylene amine mixture with zinc di - (4 - methyl - 2 - pentyl) - phosphorodithioate or the zinc salt of the reaction product of P2S5 with 4-methyl-2-pentanol and isopropanol; the detergent properties of specified acylated amines added to lubricating oil; and the reduction in spark plug and piston fouling achieved by the addition of an acylated amine to a mixture of petrol (which may contain tetraethyl or tetramethyl lead or ethylene dibromide or dichloride) and lubricating oil used as fuel for a two-cyle engine.  Data are also given relating to specified mineral lubricating oils containing specified amounts of zinc or barium phosphorodithioates and of specified acylated amines, in one case also containing barium mahogany sulphonate as sulphate ash, in another the sulphate ash of a barium salt of the hydrolysed reaction product of polyisobutene with P2S5, and in another chlorinated eicosane and dibutyl tetrasulphide. The oil-fuel mixtures may contain detergents such as the calcium or strontium salt of mahogany sulphonic acid, the basic barium salt of dodecylsulphonic acid, and the alkaline earth metal salts of the reaction products of polyolefins with phosphorus sulphides; and corrosion- and oxidation inhibitors such as 4,41-methylene-bis-(2-t-butyl-6-isopropylphenol), 2 - methyl - 6 - t - butyl - 4 - heptylphenol 2,6 - dibutyl - 4 - methylphenol, sulphurized heptylphenol, N,N1-dibutylphenylenediamine, N-phenyl-a - and b -naphthylamine, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurized dipentene, and the reaction product of turpentine with P2S5.ALSO:Acylated amines which may be used as lubricating additives are prepared by heating at a temperature above 80 DEG  C. an alkylene amine with from 0.5 to 1 equivalent for each equivalent of the alkylene amine used of an acidic mixture consisting of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid having at least 50 aliphatic hydrocarbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical and an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic monocarboxylic acid, the ratio of equivalents of said succinic acid to said monocarboxylic acid in said acidic mixture being from 1:0.1 to 1:1, and removing the water formed thereby.  The alkylene amine may have the general formula H2N-(Alkylene NH)xH, where x is an integer preferably less than 6 and the alkylene radical is preferably a lower alkylene radical.  Higher and cyclic homologues of such amines such as piperazines are also included.  The aliphatic monocarboxylic acids include saturated and unsaturated acids. Iso-aliphatic acids are particularly useful, i.e. acids having one or more lower acyclic pendant alkyl groups and such acids preferably contain a principal chain having from 14 to 20 saturated aliphatic carbon atoms and at least one but no more than 4 pendant acyclic alkyl groups.  Preferred isoaliphatic acids are mixtures of branch-chain acids prepared by the isomerization of commercial fatty acids.  The succinic acids (includes anhydrides) are normally derived from polyolefines having molecular weights of 750 or higher by reacting the polymer, which may be chlorinated, with maleic anhydride at a temperature from 150 DEG to 200 DEG  C.  The process for producing the acylated amines of the invention may be carried out by (1) heating the three reactants together or (2) reacting the alkylene amine with the hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid and reacting the intermediate product with the monocarboxylic acid.