Patent GB-830731-A (GB)
Title: Water-in-oil emulsion lubricant and hydraulic fluid
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1958-07-10
Abstract: An emulsifiable oil concentrate comprises 0.5 to 12% weight (based on the oil) each of:-(a) an oil-soluble basic salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid and a specified Group II metal; (b) an oil-soluble basic salt of an organic sulphonic acid and a specified Group II metal; and (c) an oil-soluble polychlorohydrocarbon thiocarbonate in a predominantly mineral oil.  The specified Group II metals are those having atomic numbers from 12 to 56, those mentioned specifically being Ca, Ba, Mg, Sr and Zn.  80 to 55 weight per cent of the concentrate are mixed with 20 to 45 weight per cent of water to give a water-in-oil emulsion lubricant and hydraulic fluid.  The term basic salt with respect to components (a) and (b) indicates that the amount of neutralizing agent, e.g. metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, used is in excess of that required to produce the normal salt; the excess may be between 25 and 1000%.  Aromatic carboxylic acids mentioned include C3-22 alkyl benzoic, C8-30 alkyl salicylic, e.g. lauryl- or stearyl-salicylic, C3-22 alkyl naphthoic, and hydrocarbon substituted resorcyclic and anthranilic acids.  Sulphonic acids mentioned are petroleum sulphonic acids having M.W. of 350 to 550; tetra-tertiarybutyl- and dinonyl-naphthalene sulphonic acids; diwaxbenzene and wax phenol sulphonic acids, and mixtures thereof. The polychlorohydrocarbon thiocarbonates may be represented by the formula R.CY3.R1Cln, wherein the Y's are S or O, at least one being S, R and R1 are hydrocarbon radicals and n is a whole number not greater than twice the number of carbon atoms in R1 but preferably at least 4.  They may be prepared by reacting polychlorohydrocarbons with less than the stoichiometric equivalent of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbon thiocarbonate, of which latter numerous examples are given containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Polychlorinated hydrocarbons mentioned are polychlorinated C2-30 hydrocarbons, e.g. alkanes (including cyclic and acyclic alkanes), naphtha, paraffinic lubricating oil, paraffin wax and rubber.  The final product normally contains 25 to 40% weight chlorine and 7 to 15 weight per cent sulphur.  Optional ingredients mentioned are 0.1 to 2% weight of antioxidants such as alkyl phenols, arylamines, metal thiophosphates, e.g. Ca or Zn dimethyl cyclohexyldithiophosphate and mixtures thereof; dyes, e.g. naphthol yellow, methylene blue or alizarin; and antifoam agents, e.g. dimethyl silicones having viscosities of 100 to 1000 cs./250 DEG  C.  The oil used may be entirely mineral having a viscosity of 50 SUS/100 DEG  F. to 150 SUS/210 DEG  F. or it may be blended with 5 to 40% of a fatty oil such as castor or lard oil and/or synthetic lubricants, e.g. olefine polymers; organic esters of organic and inorganic acids (e.g. di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate, tricetyl phosphate); or polymeric tetra-hydrofuran.  The mineral oil preferably has a viscosity of at least 50.  Five examples are given in which constituents (a) and (b) are calcium or barium salts and constituent (c) is a chloronaphtha alkyl trithiocarbonate or xanthate.  Specification 743,842 is referred to.ALSO:Polychlorohydrocarbon thiocarbonates having the general formula R.C(Y)3.R1Cln, wherein the Y's are oxygen or sulphur atoms, at least one being a sulphur atom, R and R1 are hydrocarbon radicals and n is a whole number which is not more than twice the number of carbon atoms in R1, are prepared by reacting polychlorohydrocarbons with less than the stoichiometrically equivalent amount of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal thiocarbonate, e.g. a hydrocarbon xanthate, monothiocarbonate or trithiocarbonate.  The polychlorinated hydrocarbons may be derived from alkanes or cycloalkanes, e.g. chlorinated naphtha, paraffinic lubricating oils, paraffin wax and rubber and are preferably derived from C2-30 aliphatic hydrocarbons. The resulting thiocarbonate preferably contain at least 4 chlorine atoms and may be used as lubricant additives (see Group III).  In an example, a polychlorinated petroleum naphtha is refluxed in acetone with potassium amyl trithiocarbonate yielding a polychloronaphtha-amyl thiocarbonate containing 35% chlorine and 10% sulphur.  Numerous other thiocarbonate reagents are mentioned including potassium benzyl xanthate and the compounds CH3.O.CO.SNa, CH3O.CS.ONa, C4H8S.CO.ONa and C6H5CH2. S.COONA. Specification 743,842 is referred to.