baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent PL-305840-A1 (PL)
Title: Separate running gear for rail vehicles
Inventor: MULLER DETLEF
IPC: B61F5/16
Filed: 1994-11-14
Abstract: The device combines a compensation device, which is located in the longitudinal centre axis (FML) of the bogie frame (2), with a centering device located above the centre of the bogie frame. This is to accommodate the opposite vertical movements of the outer transverse struts (2b) of the frame, which result from the drive or braking momentum, for the prevention of galloping, stabilize the individual bogie, and guarantee the cross movement of the waggon body above the transverse vehicle axis. The compensation device consists of a pendulum arrangement (6), with a coupling element, which acts as torsion bar (7). The arrangement is formed by hinged bars (6a,b), and the position of the bars on the transverse struts is determined by U-shaped holder units (8).
Patent PL-307133-A1 (PL)
Title: Tablet of improved biological accessibility, containing dichloromethylene biphosphonic acid as active substance
Inventor: PREIS WALTER
IPC: A61K31/66
Filed: 1993-07-24
Abstract: The invention relates to tablets with improved bioavailability of the active ingredient dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof and with a content of microcrystalline cellulose as pharmaceutical ancillary substance, to drug packs containing these tablets, to the use of the active ingredient dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid together with microcrystalline cellulose for producing a tablet with improved bioavailability, and to the process for the production of the tablet.
Patent PL-308463-A1 (PL)
Title: Drug injection catheter
Inventor: HOEFLING BERTHOLD
IPC: A61M5/00
Filed: 1993-10-13
Abstract: A catheter for the injection of a fluid, for example, medicine, into body cavities such as veins or other hollow organs is provided with a head which is insertable into the body cavity and includes hollow needles movably disposed therein between retracted and extended positions and with an operating mechanism mounted to the end of the catheter opposite the head and operatively connected to the needles for moving their front ends outwardly in contact with the walls of the body cavity for supplying the fluid or medicine through the hollow needles directly to the wall portions of the body cavities to be treated. A balloon may be disposed in front of the catheter head and may be inflated or deflated by way of a passage extending through the catheter.
Patent PL-311238-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of obtaining substituted aromatic amines
Inventor: STERN MICHAEL KEITH
IPC: C07C245/08
Filed: 1994-03-18
Abstract: A process for preparing substituted aromatic amines is provided which comprises contacting a nucleophilic compound and an azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable solvent system, reacting the nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable base and a controlled amount of protic material at a temperature of about 10 DEG  C. to about 150 DEG  C. in a confined reaction zone wherein the molar ratio of protic material to base is 0:1 to about 5:1 and reducing the product of the reaction of the nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound under conditions which produce the substituted aromatic amine. In another embodiment, the substituted aromatic amines of the invention are reductively alkylated to produce alkylated diamines or substituted derivatives thereof. In another embodiment, a process for preparing alkylated aromatic amines or substituted derivatives thereof is provided which comprises contacting a nucleophilic compound and an azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable solvent system, reacting the nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound in the presence of a suitable base and a controlled amount of protic material at a temperature of about 10 DEG  C. to about 150 DEG  C. in a confined reaction zone wherein the molar ratio of protic material to base is 0:1 to about 5:1, and reductively alkylating the product of the reaction of nucleophilic compound and the azo containing compound under conditions which produce the alkylated aromatic amine or substituted derivative thereof.
Patent PL-315784-A1 (PL)
Title: Vaccine against b-type hepatitis
Inventor: KARAYIANNIS PETER
IPC: C07K16/08
Filed: 1995-02-02
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB95/00208 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 28, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 28, 1995 PCT Filed Feb. 2, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/21189 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 10, 1995A variant or so-called "escape mutant" HBsAg protein or fragment thereof displaying the antigenicity of hepatitis B virus surface antigen is disclosed, in which the mutant protein or fragment thereof (mHBsAg) comprises a modified 'a' determinant in which at least two amino acids are inserted downstream of position 122 of the wild type HBsAg sequence. A vaccine comprising the mHBsAg is provided, as is a kit for diagnostic in vitro detection of anti-mHBsAg antibodies and an antibody preparation comprising anti-mHBsAg antibodies.
Patent PL-318505-A1 (PL)
Title: Fluidised bed furnace for performing heat treatment of waste materials
Inventor: MORIN JEAN-XAVIER
IPC: F23G5/30
Filed: 1996-06-05
Abstract: Fluidised bed reactor for the heat treatment of waste and heat exchange between the circulating solids and a heat exchange device such as an evaporator and/or superheater. The reactor contains an axially circulating fluidised bed (18-18') and at least a first (28) and a second (48) dense lateral fluidised bed established along the length of a first (11) and second (12) wall of the reactor. The waste is fed in at at least one point in the first wall, above the first bed. The reactor also contains at least one extraction pipe (39) for the non-fluidisable heavy elements, located at the base of the first bed.
Patent PL-318977-A1 (PL)
Title: Radio frequency circuit and memory in a thin flexible unit
Inventor: BRADY MICHAEL JOHN
IPC: G06K19/077
Filed: 1995-08-08
Abstract: The present invention is a novel thin and flexible radio frequency (RF) tag that comprises a semiconductor circuit that has logic, memory, and radio frequency circuits, connected to an antenna with all interconnections placed on a single plane of wiring without crossovers. The elements of the package (substrate, antenna, and laminated covers) are flexible. The elements of the package are all thin. The tag is thin and flexible, enabling a unique range of applications including: RF ID tagging of credit cards, passports, admission tickets, and postage stamps. <IMAGE>
Patent PL-323448-A1 (PL)
Title: Bone substituting substance and method of obtaining same
Inventor: LEE DOSUK D
IPC: A61L27/38
Filed: 1996-05-20
Abstract: The present invention provides a process for converting a standard inert amorphous calcium phosphate precipitate into highly reactive amorphous solids. The amorphous solids can be used to react with other calcium phosphate solids to form a poorly-crystalline synthetic hydroxyapatite that provides both bioactivity and structural integrity. This novel amorphous material can be reacted with other calcium phosphates at or below 37 °C to form a bone-like material consisting of poorly cyrstalline hydroxyapatite.
Patent PL-323681-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of and apparatus for automated learing and self-estimation of effects achieved
Inventor: COLLINS DEBORAH LYNN
IPC: G09B5/06
Filed: 1995-05-24
Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for automated learning and performance evaluation of a group of items by a user. The method, which can be practised on a digital computer, has steps of querying the user as to whether items are believed to be known or unknown, sorting the items into groups of perceived known and unknown items and generating a sequence of items to be displayed. The apparatus e.g. a digital computer, has input means for receiving a user's response, a display means for presenting the material to be learned and logic means for sorting the items. An important feature of this invention is that the user is tested regarding his belief as to whether the item is known or unknown, not as to his actual knowledge.
Patent PL-328272-A1 (PL)
Title: Methods of and compositions for detecting ligand pair bonds using non-fluoroscent labelling
Inventor: VAN NESS JEFFREY
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1997-01-23
Abstract: Methods are provided for detecting the binding of a first member to a second member of a ligand pair, comprising the steps of (a) combining a set of first tagged members with a biological sample which may contain one or more second members, under conditions, and for a time sufficient to permit binding of a first member to a second member, wherein said tag is correlative with a particular first member and detectable by non-fluorescent spectrometry, or potentiometry; (b) separating bound first and second members from unbound members; (c) cleaving the tag from the tagged first member; and (d) detecting the tag by non-fluorescent spectrometry, or potentiometry, and therefrom detecting the binding of the first member to the second member.
Patent PL-336260-A1 (PL)
Title: Carbaminic acid salts, methods of obtaining them and their application
Inventor: HRABALEK ALEXANDR
IPC: C07C219/18
Filed: 1998-04-01
Abstract: The invention relates to amino acid derivatives of general formula (I), wherein R1 is H or CH3, X is H or NR2R3, wherein R2 is H, CH3, COH or COCH3 and R3 is H, CH3 or COO-Z wherein Z is R2R3 NH+CHR1(CH2)nCOO(CH2)mCH2Y; Y is H, CH3 or NHR4, wherein R4 a COO-NH3+CH2(CH2)mOOC(CH2)nCH3, the meaning of group (CH2)m being selected from alkyls, secondary alkyls, monocycloalkyls, bicycloalkyls and tricycloalkyls having from 4 to 15 carbon atoms and n having a value of from 3 to 14. omega-Amino acid derivatives of the invention are prepared by reacting a primary or secondary or monocyclic or bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol with the reaction product of an amino acid or an N-substituted amino acid with thionyl chloride, whereafter the amino group, which has been released by an amine, reacts with carbon dioxide providing a derivative of carbamic acid, or by directly reacting a primary or secondary or monocyclic or bicyclic or tricyclic alcohol with an N-substituted amino acid in the presence of a condensing agent giving the corresponding ester of the N-substituted amino acid. Thus produced compounds of formula (I) can be used as transdermal penetration enhancers. Incorporation of from 0.1 w/w percent to 5.0 w/w percent of a compound of the invention as a transdermal penetration enhancer in the vehicle of a topically applied pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition enhances transdermal penetration of pharmaceutical agents through the human or animal skin. Included further are transdermal penetration enhancers consisting of at least one compound of formula (I).
Patent PL-346457-A1 (PL)
Title: Door hinge
Inventor: GARCIA SANZ MARIA DEL CARMEN
IPC: E05F1/12
Filed: 2001-03-15
Abstract: The hinge consists of male (1) and female (2) components mounted on a hinge pin (3). The male component rests directly or indirectly on an external axial thrust bearing (5) fitted with washers (6) or shims to adjust the height of the female component relative to the male one. The hinge also has a spring in the form of an elastic ring (8) which is held under compression by a peg inserted through the male component and into a hole in the hinge pin.
Patent PL-350849-A1 (PL)
Title: Method in connection with the production of paper or cardboard
Inventor: FREDLUNG MATS
IPC: D21F1/66
Filed: 2000-01-13
Abstract: Method for manufacturing paper or cardboard in one or more plies in order to achieve a paper or cardboard product with an even quality. The method comprises determining a fiber composition of a broke paper or cardboard waste broke, fractionating the broke; and conveying at least one fiber fraction obtained thereby to a given ply in the paper or cardboard. In this way the fractionating is controlled so that the fiber composition in the fiber fraction obtained corresponds to a fiber composition in the input paper pulp for the given ply.
Patent PL-352023-A1 (PL)
Title: Speeding up the separation of liquid phases containing polymers
Inventor: SADOWSKI GABRIELE
IPC: C08J3/09
Filed: 2000-05-12
Abstract: The invention relates to the acceleration of the separation of liquid phases which contain polymers by using branched instead of linear solvents.
Patent PL-354749-A1 (PL)
Title: Calcium complex of phosphorus containing ethylenediamine derivatives
Inventor: PLATZEK JOHANNES
IPC: C07F9/117
Filed: 2000-09-06
Abstract: The invention relates to the calcium complex of[[(4R)-4-[bis[(carboxy-.kappa.O)methyl]amino-.kappa.N]-6,9-bis[(carboxy-.kappa.O)methyl]-1-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)oxy]-1-hydroxy-2-oxa-6,9-diaza-1-phosphaundecan-11-ylic-acid-.kappa.N6,.kappa.N9,.kappa.011]1-oxidato(6-)]-, tetrahydrogen (MS-325) and its salts, pharmaceutical agents that contain these complexes for the production of agents for the reduction of effects that are caused by heavy metals as well as processes for their production.
Patent PL-357246-A1 (PL)
Title: Rgd (arg-gly-asp) coupled to (neuro)peptides
Inventor: DE JONG MARION
IPC: C07K14/595
Filed: 2001-04-26
Abstract: Use of a peptide compound, which comprises a first peptide part comprising at least once the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp, and a second peptide part coupled thereto, optionally via a linker, for the manufacture of an agent having biological activity preferably the compound is used for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical agent having an activity related to the affinity for tumors.
Patent PL-359361-A1 (PL)
Title: Method for forming multilayer release liners and liners formed thereby
Inventor: SU WEN-CHEN
IPC: B29C48/92
Filed: 2001-03-22
Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multilayer silicone release surface comprising a backing, a support layer on the backing, and a silicone layer of the support layer. The various layers of the multilayer release surface are deposited substantially simultaneously, as for example by a dual die or using curtain coating techniques.
Patent PL-360281-A1 (PL)
Title: Container with tamper-evident seal
Inventor: WINPENNY SIMON RICHARD
IPC: B65D27/30
Filed: 2001-07-31
Abstract: The application describes a container, bag, pouch or reusable envelope which is closed by one part ( 2 ) locating over a second part ( 1 ), the second part( 1 ) having an opening ( 7 ) for receiving the head ( 14 ) of a breakable seal ( 13 ) which locks into the opening in such a manner that it cannot be removed without breaking, the seal ( 13 ) in its inserted position locking the first part ( 2 ) in place over the second part ( 1 ) in a tamper evident fashion. The second part ( 1 ) has a shoulder ( 17 ) at either side of the opening ( 7 ) and the seal ( 13 ) has on its underside recesses ( 19 ) for registration with the shoulders ( 17 ). Typically said one part ( 2 ) is the fastener tab of the zipped opening of a reusable envelope and the second part ( 1 ) is the enclosure or chamber of a lock unit mounted on the envelope, adjacent one end of the zipped opening.
Patent PL-361742-A1 (PL)
Title: Prevention of the deposition of calcium fluoride
Inventor: HATER WOLFGANG
IPC: B01D47/00
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing the deposition of calcium fluoride in cooling or processed water.  The invention is characterised in that at least one water soluble salt is added to processed water, containing at least one of the following ions: magnesium cations, cations of trivalent metals, anions of oligo or polyphosphate.  The invention is also characterised in that it is particularly suitable for use with water which is used in one or more of the following ways: spray-water-cooling in extrusion casting systems, gas cooling, gas cleaning and humid dedusting of gases.
Patent PL-375104-A1 (PL)
Title: Stabilized fruit pulp composition and a puree composition comprising the same
Inventor: LEVI GUY
IPC: A23L21/15
Filed: 2003-08-29
Abstract: A stabilized fruit pulp is described. The stabilized fruit pulp has not been subjected to temperatures that exceed 90 degrees centigrade, has substantially no active polyphenol oxidase, and is suitable for use in puree compositions that can be used in dressings, dips and spreads.
Patent PL-396927-A1 (PL)
Inventor: BUCHALIK GABRIEL
IPC: E04B9/04
Filed: 2011-11-09
Abstract: Przedmiotem wynalazku jest panel wypelniajacy kasetonowego sufitu powieszonego bedacego kratownica odwróconych teowych ksztaltowników zawieszonych na ciegnach mocowanych do sufitu zasadniczego. Panel kasetonowego sufitu podwieszanego, stanowi poliuretanowa (PU) prostokatna plyta (1), korzystnie kwadratowa, która od strony pomieszczenia ma krawedziowe wystepy (2) ksztaltujace wglebna plytka niecke (3), a plyta (1) od strony niecki (3) ma nalozona folie (4), korzystnie polichlorowinylowa (PCV) opasujaca plyte (1) i mocowana przez klejenie do sufitowej strony plyty (1).
Patent PL-398720-A1 (PL)
Title: Oczyszczalnia scieków ze zlozem biologicznym
Inventor: ROSEN JAROSLAW PIOTR
IPC: C02F3/06
Filed: 2012-04-02
Abstract: Oczyszczalnia scieków ze zlozem biologicznym zanurzonym, zawieszonym zbudowana jest ze zbiornika wstepnego (1), bedacego osadnikiem gnilnym, polaczonego ze zbiornikiem (8) wyposazonym w zloze biologiczne. W pierwszym etapie oczyszczania scieki trafiaja do wstepnego osadnika gnilnego (1), gdzie odseparowane zostaja tluszcze i w procesie sedymentacji oddzielaja sie wieksze czesci stale zawieszone w scieku. Na dnie zbiornika wstepnego ciala (3) stale ulegaja fermentacji anaerobowej przez bakterie beztlenowe. We wstepnym osadniku (1), w warunkach beztlenowych, zachodzi proces podczyszczania scieków. Nastepnie scieki wydostaja sie z osadnika rura wylotowa poprzez umiejscowiony w koszu (5) filtr, wypelniony skala wulkaniczna puzzolana (6) i trafiaja do zbiornika (8), wyposazonego w zloze biologiczne, gdzie sa doczyszczane za pomoca bakterii tlenowych. Na dnie zbiornika (8) zainstalowane sa dyfuzory talerzowe (10), drobnopecherzykowe z samozasklepiajacymi sie gumowymi membranami, których zadaniem jest wprowadzanie do zbiornika tlenu z powietrza atmosferycznego do natlenienia zloza biologicznego. Nad dyfuzorami umieszczona jest prostopadle do osi zbiornika rama (13), wykonana korzystnie ze stali nierdzewnej, na której rozpiete sa zatopione wlókna poliestrowe (14), bedace nosnikiem bakterii tlenowych. Wlókna, zastosowane w zlozu biologicznym, dzieki swojej budowie o zwiekszonej powierzchni intensyfikuja przyrost masy biologicznej, tworzacej zloze biologicznej dzialajace na zasadzie osadu czynnego. Przebieg procesów biologicznych w zbiorniku (8) mozliwy jest dzieki nieustannemu przeplywowi cieczy przez zloze. Za przeplyw pionowy w zlozu odpowiadaja glównie dyfuzory (14) umieszczone na dnie zbiornika (8). Zastosowanie pompy recyrkulacji (15) umozliwia ruch cieczy znajdujacej sie w zbiorniku w kierunku poziomym. Przy pomocy pompy recyrkulacji (15) czesc cieczy, wychodzacej ze zbiornika (8), zwracana jest za posrednictwem rury recyrkulacji do wstepnego osadnika gnilnego (1).
Patent PL-399220-A1 (PL)
Inventor: HORODYNSKI JAN
IPC: E02B3/14
Filed: 2012-05-17
Abstract: Sposób polega na tym, ze dla umocnienia skarpy transportuje sie i uklada obok siebie na skarpie maty, przytrzymujac je za ciegna (3), rozmieszczone z obu stron maty. Maty sa utworzone z szeregów betonowych elementów (1), rozmieszczonych na przemian i nanizanych na dwa lub wiecej równolegle ciegna, przechodzace przez szeregi tych elementów. Elementy (1) maty raz lewa, a raz prawa polowa sa nanizane na ciegno, przy czym elementy te wykonane sa w postaci podobnych wieloboków z wybraniami dla zazebienia z elementami sasiedniego szeregu w osi prostopadlej do ciegien (3).
Patent PL-399794-A1 (PL)
Title: Sposób i zespól do nierównomiernego przekazywania kapsulek
Inventor: CIESLIKOWSKI BARTOSZ
IPC: A24D3/00
Filed: 2012-07-04
Abstract: Przedmiotem zgloszenia jest zespól do nierównomiernego przekazywania strumienia kapsulek w maszynie produkujacej filtry, z gniazd przyjmujacych (18) do gniazd odprowadzajacych (21), poprzez rowki prowadzace rozmieszczone na tarczach prowadzacych, który zawiera dwie tarcze prowadzace (5, 6) usytuowane jedna nad druga, przy czym rowek prowadzacy (5A) pierwszej tarczy prowadzacej (5) i rowek prowadzacy (6A) drugiej tarczy prowadzacej (6) krzyzuja sie tworzac co najmniej jedna komore prowadzaca kapsulki, przy czym przynajmniej jedna z tarcz prowadzacych jest ruchoma (5, 6), charakteryzujacy sie tym, ze gniazda przyjmujace (18) i gniazda odprowadzajace (21) rozmieszczone sa wzdluz obwodu tarcz prowadzacych (5, 6), tak ze odleglosci (S1, S2, T1, T2) pomiedzy kolejnymi gniazdami (18, 21) sa naprzemiennie rózne.
Patent PL-399939-A1 (PL)
Inventor: BEZIUK GRZEGORZ
IPC: H03K3/57
Filed: 2012-07-13
Abstract: Przedmiotem wynalazku jest uklad do generowania bipolarnych impulsów subnanosekundowych i nanosekundowych o wyjsciu symetrycznym, przeznaczony do pracy ukladach opartych o technologie ultra - szerokopasmowa UWB (ang. Ultra Wide Band), zwlaszcza w ukladach nadawczych radarów szerokopasmowych. Uklad ma polaczone w konfiguracji róznicowej, dwa symetryczne generatory (G1, G2) dodatnich impulsów unipolarnych, które podlaczone sa do zacisku napieciowego wyzwalajacego (Uwyzw) generatora zewnetrznego. Kazdy generator (G1, G2) na wejsciu ma uklad opózniajacy (OP1, OP2) polaczony poprzez uklad ksztaltujacy impuls (UK1, UK2) z baza tranzystora lawinowego (T1, T2), którego kolektor polaczony jest przez rezystor (Rc1, Rc2) z dodatnim biegunem zródla napiecia zasilajacego (+Uzas), natomiast emiter tranzystora lawinowego (T1, T2) polaczony jest z zaciskiem wyjsciowym ukladu (Uwy) i jednoczesnie przez rezystor obciazeniowy (Re1, Re2) z masa ukladu.
Patent PL-400805-A1 (PL)
Inventor: POPLONSKI JAROSLAW TOMASZ
IPC: C12P7/22
Filed: 2012-09-17
Abstract: Sposób wytwarzania 4'-hydroksy-7,8-benzoflawonu o wzorze 2, polega na tym, ze substrat, którym jest 7,8-benzoflawon o wzorze 1, poddaje sie mikrobiologicznej transformacji, przy uzyciu systemu enzymatycznego grzybów z rodzaju Verticillium. Zwiazek ten jest biologicznie czynny i moze miec zastosowanie w przemysle farmaceutycznym.
Patent PL-402535-A1 (PL)
Inventor: KALEMBASA DOROTA
IPC: C05F3/00
Filed: 2013-01-24
Abstract: Sposób utylizacji odchodów ferm norek polegający na ich kompostowaniu z dodatkiem słomy, oraz nawozów mineralnych charakteryzuje się tym, że do odchodów z ferm norek dodaje się słomę zbóż i/lub słomę miscanthusa, albo słomę ślazowca w ilości 15 - 30% wagowych, oraz nawozy mineralne w ilości 10 - 20% wagowych, po dokładnym wymieszaniu komponentów mieszaninę ułożoną w pryzmę napowietrza się, lub luźno układa się zapewniając w objętości pryzmy zawartość powietrza przez okresowe mieszanie. Pryzmę zrasza się. Proces kompostowania prowadzi się w temperaturze poniżej 70°C przez okres 2 - 3 miesięcy.
Patent PL-403257-A1 (PL)
Inventor: PACYGA PAWEL
IPC: F24S23/00
Filed: 2013-03-21
Abstract: Przedmiotem wynalazku jest kolektor sloneczny zbudowany z przezroczystej rury zakonczonej dennicami, rury medium roboczego umocowanej wspólosiowo wewnatrz rury zewnetrznej, pomiedzy którymi jest medium posredniczace oraz absorbera, w którym na co najmniej jednym wyprofilowanym ksztaltowniku (KS) jest uksztaltowany paraboliczny profil absorbera promieniowania (AB), wewnatrz którego znajduje sie rura wewnetrzna (RW) i rura zewnetrzna (RZ). Ponadto ksztaltownik (KS) uksztaltowany wokól czesci absorbera promieniowania (AB) zagietego na ksztalt rury zewnetrznej (RZ) ma z nim jeden element styku.
Patent PL-404453-A1 (PL)
Title: Krzywka do napędu kosza sitowego
Inventor: Kaliniewicz Zdzisław
IPC: B07B1/42
Filed: 2013-06-26
Abstract: Krzywka do napędu kosza sitowego charakteryzuje się tym, że ma postać asymetrycznej tarczy, której powierzchnię czynną stanowią wycinki połączonych ze sobą dwóch spiral Archimedesa, wznosząca i opadająca, wykonanych w stosunku co najmniej 3:1, a wielkość mimośrodu (s) odpowiada amplitudzie wychyleń kosza sitowego, przy czym przejścia jednej spirali w drugą są łagodnie zaokrąglone, a ich promień krzywizny jest dostosowany do krzywizny współpracującego z krzywką wodzika.