Patent GB-993794-A (GB)
Title: Wax compositions
IPC: C08L91/06
Filed: 1962-02-12
Abstract: Wax/polymer compositions are made by polymerizing an addition polymerizable monomer charge in a substantially anhydrous liquid hydrocarbon medium in which the resulting polymer is insoluble, the polymerization being carried out in the presence of a polymeric dispersing agent which has in its molecule two distinct polymeric components, one of which has a preference for the hydrocarbon liquid and the other has a preferential affinity for the addition polymer, and dissolving a wax in the hydrocarbon liquid of the dispersion thus formed.  Preferred waxes are carnauba, paraffin, scale, bees, Japan and montan waxes, waxy polyethylene, oxidized hydrocarbon wax, a vinyl acetate/stearate copolymer, butyl stearate, chlorinated diphenyl and naphthalene, and N,N-dibutyl stearamide. The methods of polymerization are of the type involving the formation of a polymeric dispersing agent by grafting a part of the monomer charge on to a preformed polymer, which may be pretreated with an organic peroxide to develop active sites thereon.  Suitable preformed polymers are an isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, a butadiene-styrene copolymer, crepe rubber, and a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, butyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate. The examples describe the addition of waxes to dispersions of copolymers of:  (a) ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and, optionally, maleic anhydride, and (b) ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid, (c) acrylonitrile butyl acrylate and maleic anhydride, (d) acrylonitrile and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, (e) maleic anhydride and vinyl toluene, (f) methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and methacrylamide, (g) ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl toluene and methacrylic acid, and (h) vinylidene chloride, ethyl acrylate and itaconic acid, and also to homopolymers of (i) vinyl chloride and (j) vinyl acetate.  The resulting dispersions are used for coating various substrates and sizing cellulosic yarns.  Specifications 893,429 and 992,635 are referred to.ALSO:Surfaces of steel, aluminium, wood, leather, polystyrene and regenerated cellulose films are coated by applying thereto wax/polymer dispersions made by polymerizing monomer in a liquid hydrocarbon in which the resulting polymer is insoluble and which contains a dispersing agent formed by grafting a part of the monomer charge on to a preformed polymer, e.g. rubber, dissolved in the liquid hydrocarbon, and thereafter dissolving a wax in the hydrocarbon medium of the dispersion (see Division C3).  The examples describe the coating of surfaces of the abovementioned types with dispersions in hydrocarbons of methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile/butylacrylate/maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile/2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride/vinyl toluene, methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate, methacrylamide, ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/vinyl toluene/methacrylic acid, and vinylidene chloride/ethyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymers, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate, the dispersions having added thereto carnauba, paraffin, scale, bees, Japan and montan waxes. waxy polyethylene, oxidized hydrocarbon wax, a vinyl acetate/stearate copolymer, butyl stearate, chlorinated diphenyl and naphthalene and N,N-dibutylstearamide. Specifications 983,429 and 992,635 are referred to.ALSO:Cellulosic yarns are sized and cotton fabric is rendered water-repellant by applying thereto wax/polymer dispersions consisting of particles of an addition polymer suspended in a liquid hydrocarbon, the dispersion being stabilized by a dispersing agent formed by grafting monomer on to a preformed polymer, e.g. rubber, dissolved in the liquid hydrocarbon, and containing a wax dissolved in the hydrocarbon medium (see Division C3).  The examples describe: (14) sizing cellulose yarns with a toluene dispersion of an ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer containing dissolved butyl stearate, (15) sizing cellulose acetate yarns with a dispersion of a maleic anhydride/vinyl toluene copolymer containing dissolved montan wax, and (19) rendering cotton fabric water-repellant by applying thereto a dispersion in mineral spirits of a vinylidene chloride/ethyl acrylate/itaconic acid copolymer containing dissolved chlorinated diphenyl.  Specifications 893,429 and 992,635 are referred to.