Patent GB-663619-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical frequency- and phase-modulation signallingsystems
IPC: H03C3/09
Filed: 1947-09-30
Abstract: 663,619. Frequency, phase and pulse modulation; radio signalling. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL, Ltd., BAILEY, C. E. G., and PAUL, D. H. Sept. 30, 1947, No. 26414/47. Class 40 (v). A circuit arrangement for frequency or phase modulation comprises a high-frequency source and a harmonically-related pulse source of lower frequency, one of the sources being modulated by the signal, means for comparing the phases of the two sources to give an output which is transferred to a frequency-modulating device associated with the other source. The transfer means includes a low-pass filter passing direct current and the effect is to interlock the two sources in harmonic relation as regards mean frequency and frequency deviation. The modulated wave may be passed through further retro-active and heterodyne stages before radiation from a transmitting aerial; and the system may be employed in both master and slave stations designed to transmit the same signal on the same wavelength. As shown in Fig. 1, a lower-frequency crystal oscillator 1 feeds its output to the suppressor grid of a pentode 5 across a diode 15; to the cathode of which the audio signal 17 is applied through a transformer 18. The pentode is connected as a blocking oscillator and the moment of blocking is determined by the suppressor grid voltage passing below a datum level. The pulses taken off at a transformer 19 are thus phase-modulated by the signal. Other means may be used for generating and phase-modulating the pulses, e.g. a delay line with the cores of its inductance coils variably magnetized by the signal current. The pulses are fed to a phase-comparing diode 21, Fig. 2, where they are mixed with oscillations of high frequency from the source 22. The phase comparer may take other forms, e.g. that described in Specification 628,866. The mixer output is taken through a low-pass filter 33 to the grid of a reactance valve 26 connected across the oscillator valve 22, modulated output being taken at the terminals 24a. The initial modulation 17 may be applied to the generator 22, and the modulated output taken from the lower-frequency source. In Fig. 4, the oscillator 34, signal source 35, phase modulator 36 and pulse generator 37 are as shown in Fig. 1 and the controlled H.F. generator 22 of Fig. 2 corresponds to the element 38 of Fig. 4. Its output is fed to a phase comparator 39 together with the output of a further H.F. generator 41. The output from the comparator 39 controls a frequency modulator 40 associated with the generator 41, the output of which is amplified at 42 and radiated. In Fig. 5, the phasemodulated pulses from the element 37 controls two generators 43, 44 operating at mean frequencies mf and nf, where f is the pulse frequency. The generator 44 drives a frequency multiplier 45 operating at a frequency pnf which is mixed at 46 with an oscillator tuned to (pn+m)f to give a difference frequency mf. This is compared in phase with the frequency mf from the generator 43, and the output controls a frequency modulator 40 associated with the source 41, which feeds the output stage 42. The system may be applied to a master station, Fig. 6, and a slave station, Fig. 7, for distributing the same intelligence on the same wavelength. At the master station, the phasemodulated source 37 of mean frequency f interlocks three oscillators 43, 44, 48 operating at frequencies mf, nf and rf. These co-operate as in Fig. 4 to radiate a frequency (pn+m)f from the upper aerial for general reception. In addition, for the purpose of control of the slave station, a frequency-modulated wave of mean frequency (pqn+r)f is generated at 41<SP>1</SP>, amplified at 42<SP>1</SP>, and radiated. This frequency is generated in the manner described above by the use of a multiplier 47 giving a frequency pqnf co-operating with the source 48 of frequency rf. At the slave station, Fig. 7, the frequency (pqn+r)f is received at the aerial 51, amplified at 52, and heterodyned at 53 by a frequency pqnf to yield the frequency rf. The phase of rf is compared at 55 with the same locallygenerated frequency and the output from 55 controls a frequency-modulator associated with the local source 49 of frequency f. In this way phase or frequency-modulated pulses are produced at 37 which govern the oscillations of mean frequency mf, nf, rf generated at 43, 44, 56. The frequency pqnf is produced by frequency multipliers 45, 47<SP>1</SP>. For re-radiating the intelligence on the frequency (pn+m)f, an oscillator 41 operating close to this frequency feeds a mixer 46 to which a frequency pnf is also fed from 45, yielding a frequency mf which is compared in phase at 39 with the output from 43. The output from 39 controls a frequency modulator 40 associated with the source 41. Specifications 472,686, [Group XXXV], and 29127/46 (as open to inspection under Sect. 91) are referred to.