baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-899919-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in semi-conductive devices
IPC: H01L27/00
Filed: 1959-01-27
Abstract: 899,919. Semi-conductor devices. SHOCKLEY TRANSISTOR CORPORATION. Jan. 27, 1959, No. 2982/59. Class 37. A semi-conductor device comprises a body having at at least one PN junction, the inner region of which has a high concentration gradient to provide the characteristic breakdown voltage breakdown of the device, and the outer region a lower concentration gradient and a consequent higher voltage breakdown. The arrangement renders the avalanche breakdown voltage independent of changes in condition at the surface regions of the junction. Figs. 2 and 3 show a four-layer construction comprising three PN junctions 12, 13 and 14, the top and bottom layers and the central regions of at least one of the two inner layers having a higher impurity concentration than the remainder. If a voltage is applied to reverse bias the central junction, breakdown occurs first in the central region B while the outer portion H is unaffected. The voltage necessary to sustain conduction then falls and the device has a negative resistance characteristic. Fig. 5 shows an alternative arrangement in which masking and diffusing technique is used to provide a central P++, P+, N+, N++ region with surrounding regions of lesser gradient. A four-layer device of the required form may be produced by providing oxide layers on the top and bottom of a P-type silicon wafer, etching holes in the oxide layer, depositing boron from boron chloride in nitrogen at 1040‹ C., then at 1300‹ C. to diffuse the boron to produce an inner P+ layer, and etching away the remainder of the oxide layers. Additional N or P layers may then be applied to provide diodes or transistors. In a further example, a pit is etched through a P-layer on an N-type body, an acceptor impurity is then diffused into the pit to form a P+ layer, followed, if desired, by a further N-type layer over the pit and the surrounding portion. Fig. 9 shows an NPN transistor having a steep concentration gradient junction at the bottom of pit 36 produced in this manner; the base electrode may be at the edge of the central P-layer, or part of the upper N-layer may be removed to enable a top base electrode to be provided. A PNPN switching diode (Fig. 11, not shown) is also described.
Patent GB-664178-A (GB)
Title: Folding machine for flat articles such as sheets, towels and the like
IPC: D06F89/00
Filed: 1949-02-03
Abstract: 664,178. Folding sheets &c. MALOTT, C. S. Feb. 3, 1949, No. 3022/49. Class 42 (ii). A folding-machine for flat, limp articles such as sheets or towels, of the kind comprising a frame, co-operating folding rolls mounted thereon into the bite of which an article to be folded may be advanced, a support movably mounted on the frame and carrying an elongated folding bar extending parallel to said rolls and movable back and forth with said support along a path in a direction transverse to bar length and toward and from the bite of said rolls, and means for feeding the article in a plane parallel with the axes of said rolls and intersecting said path, whereby during advance and retreat of said bar the article is draped upon it and is so delivered to said rolls for folding, is characterised in that a clamping member movable with said bar and co-operating therewith is provided for clamping the article to the bar while it is being draped thereon. As shown, an article delivered by an ironer 10 is fed along conveyers 30, 31, 32, consisting of sets of endless ribbons, and delivered vertically between pressure fingers 41, 42. Fingers 41 are located on a roll 24 between the ribbons of conveyer 32 and act to strip the article from the conveyer ; fingers 42 are located over the ribbons and spaced slightly from fingers 41 to provide a light frictional drag on the article passing between them. The leading end of the article descends between a folding blade 44, carried by a bar 43 on arms 47, and a clamping rod 46, carried by springs 56 fixed to arms 47. Rod 46 carries spaced rubber sleeves and is biased by the springs towards blade 44, but is held apart from the blade in the position shown by engagement of hooked rods 57 with a crossrod 59. To reduce jar, the hooked ends of rods 57 are rubber sheathed. When one quarter of the article has descended, arms 47 are moved back by a half rotation of a cam 52 so that the article is clamped between rod 46 and bar 43 and carried back with blade 44, the remainder of the article descending in a loop in front of the blade. After three-quarters of the article has descended, a further half revolution of cam 52 causes arms 47 to advance again, bar 43 separating from rod 46 to release the article which is then carried by blade 44 between folding rolls 33, 34 which fold it at its quarter and three-quarter points. The article with a double transverse fold is delivered on to a table 65. Operation of cam 52 is timed according to the length of the article by a timer controlled by a switch 62, 63 actuated by the passing article. The machine comprises several lanes, side by side, which can operate independently on different streams of work, or can work together when an article overlaps two or more lanes. Specification 591,000 and U.S.A. Specification 1,607,407 are referred to.
Patent GB-735132-A (GB)
Title: Fluid pressure regulator
IPC: G05D16/16
Filed: 1953-02-03
Abstract: 735,132. Fluid-pressure servomotor-control systems; regulating volume of flow of fluids. GRATZMULLER, J. L. Feb. 3, 1953, No. 3073/53. Class 135. A pressure-regulating valve is resiliently urged to the closed position in opposition to the inflowing fluid and is actuated by a pressureresponsive member of which the control chamber is connected by conduits to both the upstream and downstream sides of the valve. The two conduits include valve members constituting a spring-loaded mechanism responsive to pressure downstream of the main valve, and when this downstream pressure attains a predetermined value, the auxiliary valve mechanism reverses to close the conduit connecting the upstream side of the main valve to the control chamber of the pressure-responsive member and to open the conduit connected to the downstream side. The unregulated pressure-fluid flows into a first unit at Pa, Fig. 5, past the regulating valve 2, and out to a distributing line Pd. Valve 2 is urged to the closed position by three springs 3 which are arranged symmetrically around the valve and act on the upper ends of plungers 6 supporting a plate 8 carrying the valve. The valve is opened when pilot pressure is applied at Pp to a diaphragm 4 maintained in contact with the upper ends of plungers 6. To control valve 2, the pressure in the distributing line is applied through a connection C 4 , Fig. 13, to the upper surface of a diaphragm 27 in the pilot unit. An increase in the distributing line pressure will lower the diaphragm against the action of its loading springs 25 to allow an inlet ball valve 19 to close and an exhaust ball valve 21 to open. The pressure acting on the diaphragm 4 of the regulating valve unit will then be dissipated through a passage (not shown), around the strut 20 separating valves 19, 21, past valve 21, and out through connection C 4 . A decrease in distributing line pressure reverses the valve system 19, 21 to allow pressure fluid from the inlet Pa of the regulating valve unit to flow in at 18, past valve 19, and through passage 24 to act on diaphragm 4 and so open valve 2. In its passage to the pilot unit, the pressure fluid from inlet Pa passes into a chamber 9, Fig. 8, through a series of restricting apertures 10 and a passage 11 to an outlet B 3 . The restrictions 10 serve the purpose of slowing up the rate of build up of the pressure of the fluid supplied to actuate diaphragm 4. The pressure downstream of the restrictions is applied to a spring-loaded diaphragm 16 and, when this pressure attains a pre-determined value, the diaphragm is lowered to allow a ball-valve 13 to open. The chamber 9 then has a direct connection to outlet B 3  and the restrictions are short-circuited.
Patent GB-1260382-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic colour processing
IPC: G03C7/30
Filed: 1969-01-20
Abstract: 1,260,382. Photographic colour processing. ITEK CORP. Jan. 20, 1969 [Jan. 22, 1968], No.3207/69. Heading G2C. In the colour photographic processing of photographic materials comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and containing colourforming material, the emulsion layer is hardened, subsequent to development, to render it stable to water of at least 140‹ F. The process is particularly for rapid negative and reversal processing. Preferably the emulsion layer is hardened with an aldehyde after it has been black-and-white developed and acidified with a solution (e.g. of acetic acid) containing a small-suppressing agent (e. g. an alkali-metal or NH 4  sulphate), the excess aldehyde is subsequently removed (e.g. with hydroxylamine).
Patent GB-469891-A (GB)
Title: Closing for bracelets, especially bracelets for wrist watches
IPC: A44C5/22
Filed: 1936-02-03
Abstract: 469,891. Bracelets. ROGERS, F. H. (Rodi & Wienenberger Akt.-Ges.) Feb. 3, 1936, No. 3217. [Class 43] [Also in Group XXV] The superposed ends of a bracelet are secured by means comprising a curved resilient plate hinged to the outer bracelet end and having locking means at its front and rear ends which engage with counter locking means on a slide carried by the inner bracelet end, a resilient guide bow on this latter end serving to clamp resiliently the outer bracelet end. A slide D of U-shaped cross-section is clamped in adjusted position on the inner end A of a bracelet by means of a pressure plate c, forced down by an eccentric plate g, hinged at h. A resilient plate k is hinged to the outer bracelet end B, and the bracelet is secured by positioning lateral extensions m, Fig. 4 (not shown), on the hinge of the plate k under projections n on the side walls of the slide, and then hinging down the plate k so that its front end o snaps under the front face of the hinge h. In a modification, Fig. 5 (not shown), the end o engages a transverse pin instead of the front face of the hinge h. In a further modification, Fig. 6, the front end of plate k engages with the rear face of hinge h, whilst a hook q, formed on the hinge of the plate k, engages with a transverse pin p<1>. In a still further modification, Fig. 7 (not shown), cams on the hinge of the plate k engage the pin p<1>, whilst lateral extensions of the rolled up front edge of plate k engage incisions in the front ends of the side walls of the slide. The inner end A of the bracelet is attached by a hinge w to a guide bow C, which resiliently grips the outer bracelet end B between the hinge w and the rounded under-surface of the transverse part u of the guide bow. The pressure is exerted by resilient axle arms x (which may overlap each other) or by an equivalent single resilient axle. Alternatively, the axle may be rigid, and the part u formed as a thin resilient plate of concavoconvex cross-section bent to grip the surface of the outlet bracelet end B.
Patent GB-764906-A (GB)
Title: Improved electric motor driven actuator control system
IPC: G05D3/10
Filed: 1955-02-07
Abstract: 764,906. Electric correspondence control systems. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION. Feb. 7, 1955 [Feb. 17, 1954], No. 3498/55. Class 40 (1). [Also in Group XXXVII] An actuator for a movable load has alternative fluid-pressure and electric motor drives; the presence of fluid-pressure from pump 24 causing inactivation of the motor control circuit and the release of a clutch whereby a screw-shaft 15 is free to rotate. A control valve 23 is operated by rocking a manual lever 47 to direct pressure-fluid to chambers 19 or 20 on either side of a piston 13 to effect actuator movement in opposite directions. The piston 13 has a rod 17 which is attached by clevis 18 to the movable load, and carries a nut 14 co-operating with screw-shaft 15 by means of balls 16. If the fluid-pressure system fails, the clutch is reengaged and the screw-shaft 15 braked to prevent movement of the piston 13. At the same time, the collapse of fluid-pressure in servo chamber 26 allows contacts 31, 32 to be moved into the path of a contact 42. If then the manual control lever 47 is moved clockwise, pressure is applied to a carbon pile 40, and force is transmitted from rod 48 to rod 46 so that contacts 42, 32 are engaged. The energization of coil 60 and closure of contacts 66, 68, excites the field winding 36 and armature 11 of the driving motor. The motor rotates in the direction to extend the actuator, the brake being released by energization of coil 72. The speed of the motor is controlled by the resistance of the carbon pile and is proportional to the force applied to the manual lever 47. When the actuator reaches its fully-extended position contacts 42, 32 disengage to de-energize the motor and apply the brake. When the control lever is moved counter-clockwise the motor is reversed as contact 42 engages contact 31, and, at the fully retracted position of the actuator, a limit switch 63 is opened to de-energize relay coil 61 and stop the motor. The contact block 30 is mounted on a movable part of the actuator which therefore acts as a follow-up device, so that, while force is applied to the control lever, the motor will continue to rotate, but when the lever is held stationary, the contact blocks 30, 42 will disengage and stop the motor with the actuator in a position corresponding to the final position of the control lever. Specification 732,465, [Group XXX], is referred to.
Patent GB-778550-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tea and like pots
IPC: A47G19/14
Filed: 1956-02-03
Abstract: 778,550. Teapots. MEDWAY & CO., Ltd., A. E., and CHIGNALL, J. H. Feb. 3, 1956, No. 3502/56. Class 66. A ceramic teapot has a groove 14, Fig. 1, at or adjacent to the junction of the spout 11 with the body 12, the groove 14 extending from the bottom of the spout up to at least the maximum horizontal width of the spout. A top metal cover 17, Fig. 3, with an insulating lining may be snapped over a peripheral beading 23 on a bottom metal cover 15 also lined with insulating material. The groove 14 allows the bottom cover 15 to flex therein whilst the top cover is secured in position. Since the battom cover 15 extends into the groove 14, any drips that run down the spout 11 cannot get inside the casing 15. A handle 17 and a base 18 are secured to the cover 15.
Patent GB-396767-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the removal of ash from furnaces
IPC: F23J1/02
Filed: 1932-02-05
Abstract: 396,767. Furnace ashpits. UNDERFEED STOKER CO., Ltd., Aldwych House, Aldwych, London, and KERR, H., 37, Oak Avenue, Shirley, Surrey. Feb. 5, 1932, No. 3508. [Class 51 (i).] In ash-disposing means for furnaces comprising a hopper or receptacle A adapted to contain water and to receive ash from the furnace stoker, and provided with means for discharging its contents into a sluicing channel G or other conveying device, the hopper is provided with a bottom B which normally makes water-tight contact with the hopper walls and is displaceable with respect thereto. The bottom B is bolted to brackets D carrying rollers E which run on rails F and is adapted to be displaced with respect to the body of the hopper by means of a rack H and pinions I. The hopper is made substantially watertight by means of gaskets C accommodated in grooves formed in the bottom edges of the hopper walls.
Patent GB-798758-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to machine guarding
IPC: F16P3/04
Filed: 1956-02-04
Abstract: 798,758. Machinery guards. WALDRON, J. D., [trading as APEX SHEET METAL WORKS]. Jan. 31, 1957 [Feb. 4, 1956], No. 3566/56. Class 80 (4). The guard 8 of a press or like machine is adapted to slide in guides 9 parallel to the reciprocable ram 7 and is opened automatically after each working stroke by means of a latch 15 pivoted on the ram 7 engaging under a plunger 16 on the guard. The plunger 16 is adapted to be retracted against spring pressure by a handle 21 to disengage from the latch 15 to allow the guard to be moved to the closed position shown. An electric switch 28 in the starting circuit of the machine is adapted to be actuated by an abutment 29 on the guard to allow the press to be operated when the guard is closed. On the downward working stroke the latch 15 rides over the plunger 16 but on the return stroke it engages the plunger to open the guard which must be again closed manually for a further working stroke.
Patent GB-564000-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to doors, panels, partitions, table tops and like articles
IPC: E04C2/38
Filed: 1943-03-04
Abstract: 564,000. Doors &c. WELLBY, A. T., and MANOR JOINERY WORKS, Ltd. March 4, 1943, No. 3'588. [Class 145 (ii)] [Also in Groups X and XIV] In a door, partition, table top, or other structure comprising a framework faced on both sides with plywood or the like, the frame members are formed of superposed plywood strips of such widths and lengths as to form grooves along the edges of some members to receive tongues on other members, or vice versa. Fig. 3 shows a door stile comprising inner plywood strips 17 of greater width than outer strips 18, thus forming a tongue engaged by grooves in the ends of the rails. The rails may be formed of wide inner plywood strips 19 and of narrower outer strips 20 which project at the ends of the rail to form the groove. A muntin may be formed of plywood strips 21, all of equal width, the outer ones 22 projecting to form grooves engaging the tongues on the rails. The exposed edges of the stiles may be formed with grooves between the outer plywood layers 29, Fig. 11, to receive tongues 31 on cover strips 32 extending also over the sheet 14 forming the door faces. Wood blocks may be provided for hinge and lock fixings, and the tongues may be cut away to provide housing for them.
Patent GB-489959-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to fuel-tanks for aircraft
IPC: B64D37/00
Filed: 1937-02-06
Abstract: 489,959. Fuel - supply tanks for aircraft ; valves. BRISTOL AEROPLANE CO., Ltd., FRISE, L. G., and MORGAN, W. G. Feb. 6, 1937, No. 3599. [Classes 69 (i) and 135] [Also in Group XXVII] A plurality of pipes 13, 16 leading from different points in the bottom of an aircraft fuel-tank are connected to a valve comprising a chamber 14 with valve seats 23, 25 and a valve member 22 which moves under the action of gravity to close one or another of the seats, a delivery pipe 19 being directly connected to the valve chamber 14. The valve closes the outlet from that pipe which leads from the higher part of the tank when it is tilted, and so prevents the possibility of air being drawn from it. In the valve shown, the gravityactuated member 22 consists of a ball operating in a cylindrical cage formed by fingers 21 extending from one of the end plugs 20 in which the conical valve seats are formed. Specification 125,023, [Class 69 (i)], is referred to.
Patent GB-831763-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in armored garment
IPC: F41H1/02
Filed: 1957-11-22
Abstract: 831,763. Body armour. FOSTER, L. W. Nov. 22, 1957, No. 36501/57. Class 141 An armoured jacket &c. comprises outer and inner fabric plies 19, 20 respectively, and armour plates 24 contained in horizontal rows of pockets between the two plies. The partly overlapping rows of pockets 21-23 are secured to the garment along their upper edges at 45, 49, 51 respectively, the rows being secured alternately to the outer and inner plies. The side edges of certain pockets may also be secured to one or both plies along at least part of their length, but the lower edges of all pockets are free. Adjacent pockets in each horizontal row overlap slightly as shown in Fig. 6. The armour plates 24 are curved sheets of pressed glass fibre. The yoke portion of the garment is padded at 18.
Patent GB-749670-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to jet reaction motors
Inventor: KRETSCHMER WILLI
IPC: F02K9/52
Filed: 1952-02-11
Abstract: 749,670. Generating combustion products under pressure. MINISTER OF SUPPLY. Feb. 11, 1953 [Feb. 11, 1952], No. 3621/52. Class 51(1). In a jet reaction motor one propellant is introduced into the combustion chamber as a spray through annular passages or series of passages directed transversely to the direction of gas ejection, at least one passage or series directed towards and one away from the gas ejection outlet, a second propellant being introduced into the chamber at a point more remote from the said outlet. Hydrogen peroxide is sprayed into the combustion chamber 12 via inlets 32 and 33 to paired annular passages or slits 15, 19 and 17, 21, while fuel is sprayed through inlets 34 and 35 to the swirl nozzles 25, 26, 27 and 31. Superheated steam passes in via the inlet 36 to the passages 28, 29 and 30 to ignite fuel and peroxide, its velocity being reduced by the member 39. Initially the fuel used may be such as to be spontaneously ignited when mixed with the hydrogen peroxide, kerosene being used when the combustion has become stable. Alternatively, the inner or outer set of peroxide nozzles and the associated set of fuel nozzles may be omitted, and then, in starting, the fuel and peroxide is supplied only to every other nozzle.
Patent GB-491010-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus making possible the permanent recording, automatically, of oral telephone conversations
IPC: H04M1/65
Filed: 1937-02-10
Abstract: 491,010. Substation apparatus; sets. TAYLOR, P. F. Feb. 10, 1937, No. 3956. [Class 40 (iv)] In order that conversations may be recorded phonographically, a telephone set is provided with a hollow base which accommodates an auxiliary microphone 2 and optionally an auxiliary receiver 3 if the other party's speech is to be recorded, the front of the base being hinged and provided with a gauze covered opening 5. The circuit connecting the auxiliary microphone to the recording apparatus includes a contact 7, 10 which is closed by a spring-urged lever 6 normally held in an inoperative position by the weight of the hand instrument 13 of a cradle set or of the receiver of a pedestal set. The recording circuit is also controlled by a manually operated switch 14, and a pair of coloured lamps 15 indicate whether or not a conversation is being recorded.