Patent GB-404504-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of materials consisting of or containing polymerisation products of acrylic acid or its homologues or derivatives of thesesubstances or mixtures thereof
IPC: C08F20/62
Filed: 1933-03-23
Abstract: Polymerization products of acrylic acid or its homologues, or salts thereof, or those esters thereof in which the alcohol group of the monomeric ester contains at least two carbon atoms less than the acid group, or mixtures of these substances with one another or with other polymerizable substances, may be employed in finely pulverulent form for the production of lacquer coatings or films by directly applying the voluminous powder and then painting or spraying with an organic solvent or heating in a furnace.ALSO:Polymerization products of acrylic acid or its homologues, or salts thereof, or those esters thereof in which the alcohol group of the monomeric ester contains at least two carbon atoms less than the acid group, or mixtures of these substances, are manufactured in a voluminous form, either as a voluminous porous mass or as a voluminous powder, by carrying out the polymerization in a medium in which the monomeric substances are soluble to a substantial degree and in which they are wholly or partially dissolved initially, but in which the polymerization products are substantially insoluble.  Particularly suitable media are paraffin hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffin oil or mixtures thereof with benzines, or solid paraffin, ozokerite, ceresine or spermaceti. The polymerization may be carried out with or (generally) without the use of pressure and with or without stirring.  Polymerization catalysts, e.g. oxygen or substances yielding it, preferably superoxides, may be employed.  Temperatures of 60--120 DEG  C. are suitable, though higher or lower temperatures may be employed, whilst the period required may be 10--40 hours or a longer or shorter time.  The properties of the products vary according to the specific gravity of the solvent employed, the temperature of polymerization and the quantity of catalyst employed, and may also be modified by carrying out the polymerization together with other substances which may themselves be polymerizable or not, e.g. vinyl compounds such as vinyl esters, e.g. vinyl acetate, or styrene, softening agents such as linseed oil or isobutyl phthalate, or solvents other than the paraffin hydrocarbon, such as carbon tetrachloride or toluene.  The isolation or purification of the polymers may be effected in any suitable manner, advantageously by extracting with a low boiling point benzine or petroleum ether, or a mixture of petroleum ether with ether, ethyl acetate or benzene.  The products may be pressed in warm condition with the addition of softening agents, or with the addition of mononieric polymerizable compounds which advantageously contain water, in the presence of a catalyst, in either case if desired with the addition of filling materials, sulphur, cellulose or its esters, natural or artificial resins, e.g. urea-formaldehyde condensation products, p-toluenesulphonamide-aldehyde resins or polyhydric alcoholpolybasic acid condensation products, or drying or non-drying oils, which additional substances may be introduced before or after polymerization.  The products in finely pulverulent form may be used for the production of lacquer coatings or films by directly applying the voluminous powder and then painting or spraying with an organic solvent or heating in a furnace.  In examples: (1) acrylic acid methyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and the product is extracted with ether or petroleum ether, yielding a porous product; (2) methacrylic acid methyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil containing benzine, in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, producing a wax-like mass which after extraction with ether yields a voluminous white powder; (3) methacrylic acid is heated with paraffin oil, in which a portion dissolves initially, in the presence of an organic peroxide, to produce a soft mass which by extraction with petroleum ether yields a voluminous white power; (4) a mixture of acrylic acid methyl ester and vinyl acetate is heated in solution in paraffin oil and paraffin, in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, and the product is extracted with petroleum ether; (5) a mixture of methacrylic acid ethyl ester and acrylic acid methyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, the product being obtained as a powder by extraction; (6) a mixture of methacrylic acid ethyl ester, acrylic acid and acrylic acid ethyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil in the presence of isobutyl phthalate and benzoyl peroxide, yielding a porous mass after removal of the paraffin oil; (7) a mixture of acrylic acid methyl and ethyl esters is heated under pressure in solution in paraffin oil and benzine in the presence of wood meal and acetyl peroxide; (8) acrylic acid methyl ester is heated in solution in ozokerite in the presence of acetyl peroxide and the product is extracted with ether or petroleum ether, producing a porous mass; (9) methacrylic acid methyl ester is heated in solution in ceresine in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and the product is extracted with ether, yielding a fine powder; (10) methacrylic acid ethyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil and carbon tetrachloride in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and the product is extracted with ether, producing a porous material; (11) a mixture of methacrylic acid ethyl ester, methacrylic acid, acrylic nitrile, methacrylic acid methyl ester and styrene is heated in solution in paraffin in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, and the product is extracted with petroleum ether, yielding a powdery mass; (12) the sodium salt of acrylic acid is heated in solution in glycol in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and the product is extracted with methyl alcohol, producing a porous material; (13) methacrylic acid ethyl ester is heated in solution in paraffin oil to produce a wax like mass which by extraction with petroleum ether yields a fine powder; (14) methacrylic acid is heated with paraffin oil, in which it is not quite completely dissolved initially, to produce a wax like mass which by extraction with petroleum ether yields a fine powder; (15) acrylic acid is heated with paraffin oil, in which a substantial part dissolves initially, in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, to produce a wax like product which by extraction with petroleum ether yields porous lumps.  Specifications 304,681, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], and 340,004 are referred to.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also the polymerization of acrylic nitrile and contains an example in which this substance is heated in solution in paraffin oil in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and the product is extracted with petroleum ether, yielding a powder.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.