baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1004744-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of forming copper films on silicous substrate
IPC: C23C18/18
Filed: 1964-06-03
Abstract: A copper film is formed on a non-porous siliceous substrate such as glass or ceramic by contacting it with an aqueous solution of a stannous salt such as the chloride, bromide, iodide or sulphide, then with an aqueous silver salt solution containing a reducing agent such as prepared by mixing an ammoniacal silver salt solution, e.g. containing silver nitrate, sulphate or chloride and NH4OH, with a reducing solution e.g. containing formaldehyde, dextrose or invert sugar, to deposit a "flash" silver film, and contacting the silvered substrate, e.g. by spraying, immersion, roll coating, brushing or screening, with a copper salt solution containing a reducing agent such as formaldehyde, in the presence of a nickel or cobalt salt. The copper salt solution is preferably alkaline, e.g. made by adding NaOH and contains the sulphate, nitrate, chloride, phosphate, bromide, iodide or acetate of Cu and Ni or Co ; copper formate or tartrate may also be used, and the solution may additionally contain sodium-potassium tartrate.  The copper film may be thickened electrolytically and provided with a protective film of plastic or other material, e.g. quartz, alumina, MgF2, Sn/Co/Fe/Ni oxide.  The method may be applied to the manufacture of solar energy reflectors, copper mirrors, insulating glass units and heat-insulating oven door units.  Specifications 819,179, 894,870 and U.S.A. Specification 2,838,810 are referred to.
Patent GB-1099152-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to aqueous dispersions of synthetic resins
IPC: B60G11/26
Filed: 1965-05-28
Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of synthetic resins are prepared by copolymerizing 20 to 40 weight per cent of vinyl chloride, 20 to 50 weight per cent of a vinyl ester with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the acid residue and 25 to 50 weight per cent of a compound of formula R1CH = CR2COOR3, where R1 is hydrogen or COOR3, R2 is hydrogen or methyl and R3 is a C4- 8 alkyl group, in aqueous dispersion in the presence of 2 to 6% by weight of the monomers of a non-ionic protective colloid, 0.1 to 3% by weight of the monomers of a non-ionic emulsifier, a polymerization accelerator and a buffer such that the pH is 4.5 to 5 at the beginning of the polymerization and not less than 3 at the end.  Polymerization may be effected in the presence of a plasticizer, e.g. dibutyl phthalate and citric, phosphoric and glycol esters.  The compound may be an ester of maleic, fumaric, methacrylic or acrylic acid, e.g. butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. The protective colloid may be polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone or hydroxymethyl cellulose.  The emulsifier may be a condensate of ethylene oxide with ethanolamines, sorbitol, fatty acids, amides or alcohols, tall oil or alkyl phenols.  Favourable particle size distribution may be obtained by first preparing a primary latex of the vinyl ester polymer in which the three monomers are subsequently polymerized. The accelerators may be water-soluble peroxides or persulphates.  The dispersions may be used as binders for pigments, e.g. in paints, and as cement and concrete additives, due to their stability to saponification.  Examples describe the copolymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate with (1, 2, 5 and 6) butyl acrylate, (3) ethylhexyl acrylate and (4) dibutyl maleate in aqueous media in the presence of ethylene oxide/nonyl phenol condensates, disodium phosphate, potassium persulphate and dibutyl phthalate together with (1 to 5) polyvinyl alcohol and (6) hydroxyethyl cellulose, in the presence of primary latices of polyvinyl acetate. Comparative examples describe dispersions of (7) polyvinyl acetate, (8) vinyl acetate/ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer, (9 and 10) vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers and (11) vinyl propionate/acrylic ester copolymers.ALSO:Additives to hydraulic cements comprise aqueous synthetic resin dispersions prepared by copolymerizing 20 to 40 weight per cent of vinyl chloride, 20 to 50 weight per cent of a vinyl ester with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the acid residue and 25 to 50 weight per cent of a compound of formula R1CH=CR2COOR3 where R1 is hydrogen or COOR3, R2 is hydrogen or methyl and R3 is a C4-8 alkyl group, in aqueous dispersion in the presence of 2 to 6% by weight of the monomers of a non-ionic protective colloid, 0.1 to 3% by weight of the monomer of a non-ionic emulsifier, a polymerization accelerator and a buffer such that the pH is 4.5 to 5 at the beginning of the polymerization and not less than 3 at the end.  The compound may be an ester of maleic, fumaric, methacrylic or acrylic acid, e.g. butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
Patent GB-307270-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to braking devices for films in cinematographic apparatus
IPC: G03B1/42
Filed: 1927-12-29
Abstract: 307,270. Oehmichen, E. Dec 29, 1927. Divided on 305,776. Kinematograph apparatus.-Means for controlling the tension of the film, placed between the gate and the feed or take-up reel, comprises a drum movable by the film to bring a braking drum into engagement with a brake shoe, the arrangement being such that slipping occurs only between the braking drum and its shoe. As shown, the film passes over rollers 11 and a drum 1 mounted in bearing blocks 4 carried by springs 6. The shaft 3 of the drum 1 also carries a brake drum 7, which, when the film loop shortens, engages a brake shoe 8 slidable in supports 9 and controlled by a spring 10. In a modification, the movable drum over which the film passes comprises discs engaging the film and spaced by discs of smaller diameter and less adhesion, the smaller discs being brought into engagement with spring-pressed brake shoes when the film loop shortens.
Patent GB-731619-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radio direction finders
Inventor: JOLLIFFE SIDNEY ARTHUR WALTER
IPC: G01S3/42
Filed: 1952-09-12
Abstract: 731,619. Radio direction-finding. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. Aug. 13, 1953 [Sept. 12, 1952], No. 22991/52. Class 40 (7). An automatic radio direction finder having a polarized directional aerial system, a receiver equipped with A.G.C. fed from the aerial, and an indicator for showing whether the received signal strength is sufficient for reliable direction indications to be given, is provided with an auxiliary omnidirectional aerial capable of receiving waves polarized in any direction the signals received by which are employed to control the gain of the receiver. The operation is such that the receiver gain is low when the directional aerial picks up a signal whose polarization differs from that for which it is designed. The signals picked up by the auxilary aerial are used to operate the sole gain control arrangement of the receiver. Signals received by an auxiliary aerial 2<SP>1</SP> capable of receiving signals of all polarizations are fed to a balanced modulator 7 and modulated to a depth of about 100 per cent by signals from local oscillator 8. The modulated signals are mixed at 10 with signals from the directional aerial 1 and the combined output fed to receiver 3. The detected output of the receiver is fed to direction indicator 5 which also contains an indicator showing if the received signal is sufficiently strong for reliable operation and to a band-pass filter 13 passing signals in a band centred on the local oscillator frequency. The speech modulation on the local oscillation frequency signal is fed out over speech channel 14, 15 and the modulation signal itself amplified in filter amplifier 11, rectified and smoothed at 12 and the resulting potential used as sole A.G.C. voltage for receiver 3. The direction finding receiver may be of the spinning goniometer type, a reference phase signal being fed to indicator 5.
Patent GB-418079-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to counting devices
IPC: G06M1/10
Filed: 1933-08-19
Abstract: 418,079. Counting apparatus. SIMON, Ltd., H., and BRIAN, J. C., Bird Hall Lane, Cheadle Heath, near Stockport. Aug. 19, 1933, No. 23196. [Class 106 (i).] The actuating arm of an electromagnetically operated counting mechanism is controlled by spring or resilient means in both directions, the stronger means being rendered inoperative by the electromagnet during the action of the weaker means. In the form shown the pivoted armature a of the electromagnet g is formed with an arm c carrying a pin d that engages the arm e of a bell crank lever controlled by a relatively strong spring f. The other arm h of the bell crank has pivoted thereto a slotted link i in the slot of which is engaged a pin k on the counter actuating arm j. To the arm j is attached a relatively weak spring u. In operation, when the electromagnet is energized the pin d rocks the bell-crank lever and the link i is raised thereby moving the end of the slot away from the pin k on the arm j which arm under the action of the spring u follows the movement to actuate the counter. When the armature is released the spring f returns the parts to initial position.
Patent GB-442551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to back-rests, book-rests and like supports
IPC: G03B42/02
Filed: 1934-08-13
Abstract: 442,551. Easel stands. WITHERS, S. A., 38, Harley Street, London. Aug. 13, 1934, No. 23329. [Classes 52 (ii), 52 (iii), and 52 (v)] [See also Group XX] A cassette rest for X-ray work, usable also as a book rest, back rest, or for like purposes, comprises means whereby the cassette may be adjusted in two directions, longitudinally on the support and towards or from it. Fig. 1 shows a device consisting of side members 1, 3 pivoted at 5 and spaced by a strut frame 6, 8. Each member 1 has a stepped part 12 adapted to support a cassette 13. In modifications the steps 12 are separate from the frame bars 1, and are bolted to them, or secured by spring catches, or are each formed of say, six separate blocks, each block being separately screwed to the frame bar 1. In another modification, the stepped part 12 is replaced by a perforated strip 26, Fig. 4, into which ledges 29 may be slipped. In other forms, the parts 12 are of wire, or are in the form of stepped metal strips mounted on a frame attached to the side members 1 by a parallelruler movement, or mounted slidingly on the members 1, on which they may be adjusted by using a looped upper end as a finger piece.
Patent GB-772922-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to radar apparatus
IPC: H04B1/66
Filed: 1955-08-12
Abstract: 772,922. Radar. SIEMENS & HALSKE AKT.-GES. Aug. 12, 1955 [Aug. 13, 1954], No. 23329/55. Class 40(7) In order to reduce the band-width necessary to transmit the information derived by a pulse radar to a distant location by radio or line means are used to add linearly all the response pulses returned by a reflecting object during a given period. In one embodiment in which the radar beam width is 2 degrees, beam speed of rotation 12 r.p.m. and pulse-repetition frequency 1,000 p.p.s. there will be 28 return pulses per period and by adding all these the bandwidth may be reduced by 28.1. It is however preferred to added them in sets of 14 and double the minimum possible band-width. For the purpose the incoming signals are applied to 14 recording leads 2a to 2o connected in parallel and evenly spaced round a rotating drum 1 of magnetic recording material. Other positions round the drum are occupied by a pickup head 3 and erase head 4. The drum is driven at such a speed that the magnetic material on its circumference travels the distance between two recording heads in 1 pulse recurrence period. Thus pulses are added arithmetically on the tape and the sum signals picked off at 3 and fed through amplifier 5 to gate circuit 6. The gate circuit is controlled by switching pulse generator 7 to allow only every 14th sum pulse to pass to record head 9 fixed against a second magnetic drum. This drum is rotated at such a speed that successive sum pulses are recorded immediately adjacent each other to a total of 14 such pulses. The earliest recorded of these is then wiped out by erase head 10, also controlled by gate circuit 10, each time a new pulse is recorded. The sum pulses are read back by pick-up head 11 (rotating inside the drum as shown) which travels at such a speed that the duration of each sum pulse is expanded to the time taken for the aerial beam to pass through the object or to an intergral sub-multiple of it. In the example given the expansion is to half such time, resulting in a reduction. of the bandwidth necessary in the transmission channel by 14 to 1. The pick-up head 11 is rotated at 13/14 of the speed of rotation of the drum 8 to produce this result. The recording heads 2a to 2o may be staggered axially so as to record on different "tracks" on the drum .1. 'The addition is then performed in the circuit of multiple, pick-up heads and an erase head is neccessary for each " track." In a modification (Fig. 2, not shown) only a section of the drum 1 corresponding to the distance between adjacent recording heads is coated with magnetic material and gating of the output of amplifiers 5 is therefore rendered unnecessary. The arrangements may be improved by reducing to as small a value as possible the distance between head 9 and the erase head 10 on the second storage drum 8..
Patent GB-1115564-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of lactams
IPC: C07D201/04
Filed: 1967-05-19
Abstract: Lactams are prepared by a reaction between a cyclic ketone and a hydroxylamine salt followed by rearrangement by contact with hydrogen chloride, characterized in that the ketone and hydroxylamine salt are heated in a nitrile at 40-150 DEG  C. after which hydrogen chloride is introduced and the mixture further heated at 40-150 DEG  C. whereby lactam hydrochloride is formed from which the lactam is obtainable.  The water formed in the first stage of the reaction is preferably removed, e.g. by azeotropic distillation before the addition of the hydrogen chloride. Examples describe the preparation of laurolactam, caprolactam, oenantholactam, and caprylolactam.
Patent GB-928561-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to distillation plants suitable for distilling sea-water
IPC: C02F1/04
Filed: 1961-06-28
Abstract: Water is distilled in a plant comprising tubes 7, inclined at an angle of 5 to 10 degrees to the horizontal, passing through a heating chamber 2 disposed on the inner face of the bottom 4 of housing 1, the chamber 2 being totally submerged by the water to be distilled. When heatingmedium is passed into chamber 2, the water circulates through the tubes and is boiled.  The steam passes through separator 14, where entrained water droplets are removed, and then <PICT:0928561/III/1> enters condenser 3.  Distilled water is withdrawn through connection 15.  The plant is suitable for distilling sea-water on a ship.  In the case of a motor vessel, the water from the motor cooling-jacket may be used as heatingmedium.  A multiple-effect plant is also described wherein the effects are disposed one above the other and the evaporator tubes of the individual effects are inclined in alternately opposite directions with respect to the side walls of the plant.
Patent GB-765886-A (GB)
Title: A new antibiotic ristocetin and a method of producing same
Filed: 1954-08-11
Abstract: An antibiotic, ristocetin, is produced by growing Nocardia lurida NRRL 2430, or a mutant thereof, in an aqueous nutrient-containing medium under submerged aerobic conditions until substantial antibacterial activity is imparted to said solution and thereafter recovering the antibiotic from the fermentation broth.  A temperature of cultivation of 22-32 DEG  C. and preferably 24-28 DEG  C. is employed.  The medium contains a source of (a) carbon, e.g. sugars such as glucose, dextrose, fructose and cellobiose, sugar alcohols, e.g. mannitol, glycerol and animal and vegetable fats and oils such as lard oil (b) nitrogen, e.g. animal and vegetable meals, e.g. rolled oats and soybean meal; corn steep liquor, molasses, peptone, meat extracts and ammonium nitrate; (c) trace minerals, e.g. sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium carbonate.  An antifoaming agent may also be present.  The antibiotic is recovered by treating the filtered fermentation broth with activated carbon, eluting with acidified aqueous organic solvent especially aqueous acetone at pH 3.0, removing the organic solvent, concentrating, adding methanol to precipitate impurities, evaporating to dryness, extracting first with hot absolute methanol and then with 50 per cent glycerol in methanol, and finally precipitating the antibiotic by the addition of methanol to the glycerol-methanol extract.  The antibiotic is effective against many gram positive pathogenic micro-organisms which are resistant to such wide spectrum antibiotics as oxytetracycline; it contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen; the sulphate has analysis of 50 to 53 per cent carbon, 5-6 per cent hydrogen, 3.5 to 5.0 per cent nitrogen, 0.8 to 2.0 per cent sulphur and 30-40 per cent oxygen; it is soluble in water, dilute acids and dilute alkalis; insoluble in methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ether, dioxane, chloroform and glacial acetic acid; and, when subjected to standard paper chromagraphy tests, comprises a major fraction which fails to exhibit a significant rate of flow with solvent systems comprising (a) n-butanol saturated with deionized water; (b) n-butanol saturated with deionized water with 2.0 per cent p-toluene sulphonic acid added to a-butanol layer; (c) n-butanol saturated with deionized water and 2.0 per cent p-toluene sulphonic acid and 2.0 per cent piperidine added to butanol rich layer; (d) methylisobutyl ketone satured with deionized water; (e) methylisobutyl ketone saturated with deionized water containing 2.0 per cent p-toluene sulphonic acid; and others; it gives a strongly positive test for carbohydrate with anthrone reagent and a strongly positive test for reducing sugars after hydrolysis; is inactivated by treatment with 0.1N sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 100 DEG  C. for four minutes followed by cooling and acidifying to approximately pH 2.0 with 0.1 N sulphuric acid.
Patent GB-653777-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to boxes of paper, cardboard, millboard and the like
IPC: B65D81/36
Filed: 1948-09-06
Abstract: 653,777. Boxes. STEVENSON & SONS, Ltd., H. SIPPEL, Ltd., B.,& J., PASLEY, J. A., and HODSON, A. Sept. 6, 1948, No. 23431. [Class 18] A cardboard box having a telescoping lid is convertible into a toy theatre stage. A portion of the box body 13 is cut off parallel to an end wall and inserted in the lid, the end of the portion forming a stage 14. A hole 12 is cut in the lid to form a proscenium, the top of the lid being printed to represent the front of a stage. An insert which may be folded and perforated to support the original contents of the box, has figures 10 printed on it which may be cut out and mounted by pins 16 in slots in the stage 14. Alternatively, the lid may be cut to form the stage and the body the proscenium.
Patent GB-855420-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to containers for storing fissile material
Inventor: ACKROYD RONALD TURNSTALL
IPC: G21F5/002
Filed: 1956-07-30
Abstract: 855,420. Storing fissile materials. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. July 17, 1957 [July 30, 1956], No. 23522/56. Class 39(4). [Also in Group XX] A container for storing fissile material under sub-critical conditions is filled with a cellular structure incorporating neutron moderating and neutron absorbing material arranged so that the cells are filled and drained with the filling and draining of the container. As shown in Fig. 1, the cells 3 are arranged vertically and are of hexagonal cross-section ; the cell structure is supported on a grid 5 so as to leave a free space below the cells. In another construction, Fig. 3 (not shown), the container is packed randomly with short open-ended tubes. The neutron absorbing material may be a mixture of rare earths sandwiched between layers of polyethylene which acts as the neutron moderator ; alternatively a ceramic having neutron moderating characteristics may be impregnated with a neutron absorber.
Patent GB-301854-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with steam generator installations for steamships
IPC: F01K15/04
Filed: 1927-09-07
Abstract: 301,854. Freeman, S. B., Martin, F. G., Ramsay, W., and Stone & Co., Ltd., J. Sept. 7, 1927. Drawings to Specification. Metal tubes.-Tubes for steam generators and condensers are lined with an electrolytic lining of chromium.
Patent GB-229965-A (GB)
IPC: B61D17/12
Filed: 1924-10-06
Abstract: 229,965. Christoph & Unmack Akt.- Ges. July 2, 1924, [Convention date]. Roofs and framing.-The cover plate on the sides of the clerestory portion of the roof of a railway or tramway vehicle is constructed as a pressed sheet-metal girder. The lateral and roof rafters a and b respectively, of iron, are riveted or welded together by an iron cross-tie c to the points d and e, the joints being stiffened by caps f, g. These iron girders are spaced for the clerestory windows and wooden rafters are attached to the iron rafters so that the roof boards w and panelling x may be secured. A pressed sheetmetal girder l is provided with windows and is secured to the iron rafters and the end wall m, Fig. 2.
Patent GB-505470-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrically controlled copying systems for milling and like machines
IPC: B23Q35/123
Filed: 1938-08-10
Abstract: 505,470. Electric control systems; copying milling - machines. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Aug. 10, 1938, No. 23599. Convention date, Aug. 13, 1937. [Class 40 (i)] [Also in Group XXII] In a machine for copying a pattern, such as a copy milling or grinding machine, wherein a universally mounted feeler follows the outline of the pattern, the feeler carries an auxiliary feeler which takes up a position relative to the main feeler dependent on the pitch of the felt curve and in consequence controls the speed of the feed motors of the tool and feelers so that the resultant movement is in the direction of the tangent of the pattern at any point. Fig. 2 shows the feeler system, the main feeler 10 being mounted universally and carrying three armatures 12, 13, 14 which co-operate with electromagnets M1, M2, M3 arranged in bridge circuits and controlling pairs of relays for the depth, vertical and horizontal reversible feed motors respectively. The auxiliary feeler 24 is carried on a sleeve 18 which is rotatable within the sleeve 17 by a motor 8 under the control of a magnetic system M4 operated by horizontal movements of the auxiliary feeler 24. The main feeler 10 is maintained in contact with the pattern by a spring 28 which is anchored to the sleeve 18 and a ring 29 rotatable on the feeler. The sleeve 18 also carries contacts K1, K2 which co-operate with fixed potentiometers P1, P2 to effect a speed control of the horizontal and vertical feed motors. The potentiometer arrangement is shown in Fig. 1, the potentiometers P1, P2 being supplied from series connected generators 2, 3 and effecting speed control and reversal of the feed motors 4, 6 in accordance with the positions of the contact arms K1, K2 as determined. by the operation of the motor 8 and the position of the auxiliary feeler relatively to the main feeler, i.e. in accordance with the pitch of the felt curve. The resultant movement produced by the feed motors. is such that, so long as the main feeler engages the pattern, the feelers move tangentially to the pattern. If the main feeler leaves the pattern, the magnet system M2 or M3 or both become operative to control the feed motors 4, 6 directly, the potentiometer control being rendered ineffective until the main feeler again engages the pattern. During this operation the main feeler is moved up to the pattern in a direction approximately at right-angles to the pattern. The motor control relays are operated by the magnet systems through electric discharge tubes. The auxiliary feeler may be adjusted relatively to the main feeler by manual push button control.