baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-813366-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for preparing alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl phenol sulfides
Inventor: DAVIDSON JAMES ROBERT
Filed: 1957-05-20
Abstract: An alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl phenol sulphide, particularly suitable for use as an additive in hydrocarbon lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines, is prepared by neutralizing an alkyl phenol sulphide with an alkaline earth metal hydroxide by a two-stage process (see Group IV (b)), and dehydrating the neutralized product at a temperature of at least 285 DEG  F.  The calcium or barium salt may be prepared, and the alkyl group of the alkyl phenol sulphide may contain 5 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. it may be tertiary amyl, tert. octyl, or nonyl.  The alkyl phenol sulphide may be a polysulphide.  The neutralization may take place in oil solution and a solubilizing agent such as a C8-C18 alcohol may be present.  The salts obtained are free from iendency to form sediment or sludge in lubricattng oils or concentrates even when other additives such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal petroleum sulphonates or alkyl benzene sulphonates are present. Lubricating oil concentrates containing 20-75 per cent by weight of the alkaline earth metal alkyl phenol sulphides and blends of such concentrates with concentrates containing 20-75 per cent of sulphonates may be prepared.  The salts may also be used as additives for other hydrocarbon liquids such as diesel and oil burner fuels.ALSO:An alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl phenol sulphide is prepared by pretreating an alkyl phenol sulphide with 3-15 per cent of the amount of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide required to completely neutralize it in the presence of 0.8-10 per cent by weight of water (based on the alkyl phenol sulphide) at a temperature of 130-160 DEG  F., then completely neutralizing it with alklaine earth metal hydroxide at 230-260 DEG  F. and dehydrating the neutralized product at a temperature of at least 285 DEG  F.  Calcium or barium hydroxide may be used.  The water present in the oretreatment may be free water or water of hydration in the alkaline earth metal hydroxide, e.g. barium hydroxide pentahydrate.  The pretreatment may be carried out with agitation and last for 0.1-2 hours and the time required for the final neutralization and for dehydration may be 0.3 to 2 hours.  The alkyl group of the alkyl phenol sulphide may contain 5 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. it may be tertiary amyl, tert. octyl, or nonyl. The alkyl phenol sulphide may be a polysulphide.  The pretreatment and neutralization may be carried out in oil solution and a solubilizing agent such as a C8-C18 alcohol may be present. The salts obtained may be used as additives for lubricating oils, diesel oils, and oil burner fuels.  U.S.A. Specification 2,518,379 is referred to.
Patent GB-776900-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in a continuous method of burning water containing peat
IPC: C10F5/00
Filed: 1955-06-03
Abstract: 776,900. Treating peat. STORA KOPPARBERGS BERGSLAGS AKTIEBOLAG. June 3, 1955 [Oct. 11, 1954], No. 16036/55. Class 50. [Also in Group XIII] Water is removed from peat by wet combustion, i.e. by the supply of oxygen or oxygencontaining gas under pressure and at a high temperature, the combustion being allowed to continue until nearly all the water is evaporated so as to produce a residue of organic substances, or inorganic substances if all the organic substances are consumed, the evaporated water and combustion products being passed through a heatexchange steam generator to produce low pressure steam free from combustion products. At least a part of the evaporated water is separated from the combustion products in the heat-exchanger, the combustion products being superheated at superatmospheric pressure and used in an engine coupled to the compressor for the combustion air. The steam from the heatexchanger may be superheated for use in an engine, and the heat for all the superheating may be obtained by combusting the organic residues. In an example, raw peat containing 30 per cent dry organic matter is treated in an autoclave at about 190‹ C. and 25 atmospheres. Compressed air is supplied, the evaporated water and combustion products passing through a heat-exchange steam generator producing steam at 5 atmospheres which is superheated to 500‹ C. and supplied to a turbine driving an electric generator. The combustion products leaving the heat-exchanger at a super-atmospheric pressure are heated to 550‹ C. to drive a gas turbine connected to an air compressor or electric generator. The residue from the autoclave is passed to a cyclone, the liberated water evaporating as the pressure is reduced, the steam being used to preheat the raw peat. A part of the residue is used for the superheating.
Patent GB-457774-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of foamed slag from liquid slag
IPC: C21B3/06
Filed: 1935-06-04
Abstract: 457,774. Porous slag. BJORKMAN, E. B., 25, Montague Street, Russell Square, London. June 4, 1935, No. 16069. [Class 70] Foamed slag is produced by admitting water or steam to a small quantity of liquid slag contained in pans a from above through jets d, e and from below through perforations in the bottom and sides of the pans and permitting the foamed slag to remain quiescent in the pans until solidified. The pans may be mounted in the form of an endless chain passing beneath a slag supply c. As shown steam may be blown or water may be sprayed through jets f on to the perforated sides and bottoms of the pans, surplus water collecting in a tank g. Alternatively an adjustable section of the chain of pans may be arranged to dip into a tank of water. The cooling of the foamed slag may be facilitated by blowing cold air or by sprinkling water on the slag and/or pans through jets h. After the pans have discharged their content of foamed slag they may be cleansed by water from a jet i.
Patent GB-1000683-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes for treating the surfaces of semiconductor arrangements
IPC: H01L23/31
Filed: 1963-04-24
Abstract: Immediately after etching, the surface of a semi-conductor device containing at least one PN junction is treated with a quinonoid or cyclo-ketonic compound containing at least one grouping of the type: <FORM:1000683/C6-C7/1> or <FORM:1000683/C6-C7/2> or with a mixture of such compounds.  The treatment must take place immediately after etching before an oxide film can form. During the treatment it is thought that a molecule of the compound co-ordinates with a surface semi-conductor atom originally carrying a hydroxyl group.  A compound used preferably has a melting point above 100  DEG C. so that the device may be dried after it has been treated. Examples given are 1:2 - dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin), 1:2:7 - trihydroxyanthraquinone, 1:3-dihydroxyanthraquinone, and 1-hydroxyanthraquinone. The compound may be applied by deposition from an alcoholic solution, by applying it as a paste with a silicone oil, or by using it to fill the casing in admixture with a siccative (e.g. silica gel, boron trioxide, or calcium oxide) or a molecular sieve (e.g. sodium aluminium silicate, or calcium aluminium silicate).  In the example given an alloyed or diffused junction device, which may be made of germanium, is etched, rinsed several times with distilled water, and immediately immersed in an alcohol bath containing the compound.  The device is then dried for several hours (e.g. 16 hours) at a temperature below the melting point of the compound used.  This may vary from around 100  DEG C. up to, in some cases. 250  DEG C. or higher.
Patent GB-237575-A (GB)
Title: Method of manufacturing acetic anhydride
Filed: 1925-06-22
Abstract: Keten is passed into acetic acid whereby acetic anhydride is produced without secondary products.  By continuing to pass the keten through the anhydride a solution of keten in the latter is obtained.  In an example, glacial acetic acid is employed as the starting material.
Patent GB-259517-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for advertising stockings
IPC: A47F7/10
Filed: 1926-06-26
Abstract: 259,517. Rogers, F. H., (Reklanova Ges.). June 26, 1926. Forms and models with characteristic movements.-Apparatus for advertising stockings comprises a hollow leg 1 up and down which the stocking is drawn. Up the middle of the leg 1 lies a guide rod 2 on which runs a bow-shaped slide 6 to which is hinged a spring-controlled lever 8, the end of which passes through a slot 9 extending the length of the leg. The lever 8 carries a knob 10 to which is attached a holder 11 comprising two curved arms built up of several hinged elements. The holder 11 is passed, together with an elastic band or steel spring, into a hollow seam at the top of a stocking drawn over the leg, the stocking being further secured by a hook 15. A tongue 17 clears the slot 9 during downward motion of the stocking. The slide 6 is actuated by an automatically reversed electric, clockwork, or other motor 24 located above or below the leg. The mechanism may comprise a cord 21, 23 attached to the slide 6 and passing round pulleys and a drum 20, or a rack and pinion, or screw and nut, may be employed.
Patent GB-140476-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in regulating mechanism for controlling speed of induction motors
IPC: H02K17/38
Filed: 1916-11-13
Abstract: 140,476. British Thomson - Houston Co., (General Electric Co.). Nov. 13, 1916. Alternating-current motors.-In speed-control. ling systems for induction motors in which the armature 32, Fig. 8, of a commutator machine is connected in cascade with the main motor 21, the speed is varied in a stable manner both above, below, and in the neighbourhood of synchronism by exciting the field-magnet winding 35 of the machine 32 from the slip-rings of the motor 21, this exciting voltage being opposed or assisted by a separate source in such a manner that the reactive component of the voltage in the said field circuit is caused to vary as the square of the slip frequency while the ohmic resistance component is controlled. The machine 32 is driven by a separate motor 31 and has main exciting-windings 35 connected between the secondary leads 80 of the motor 21 and the brushes of an exciter 40. The machine 40 has two exciting-windings 43, 44; the windings 43 are energized by a commutator frequency-changer 60 mounted on the shaft of the main motor; the windings 44 are connected to the motor secondary leads in circuit with resistances 50 and the interpole windings 36 of the machine 32. The ohmic drop in the exciting-circuit of the machine 32 is controlled or preferably kept constant at all speeds of the main motor by adjustment of the resistances 70; the voltage balancing the reactance, drop is controlled by variation of the resistances 50. The operating-arms of the resistances 50, 70 are usually mechanically connected. Resistances 64 may be inserted in the leads between the frequency-changer 60 and the windings 43. An additional electromotive force, derived from a transformer having its primary windings in series with the leads 80, may be impressed upon the windings 35. To improve commutation. the secondary windings of another transforme'.' may be arranged in circuit with the interpole windings 36. Fig. 10 shows a modified arrangement in which the exciter 40 is omitted, the windings 35 and resistances 70 being connected between the brushes of the frequency-changer 60 and a regulating-transformer 90; the main induction motor 21 is controlled at speeds remote from synchronism by adjustment of the transformer 10. and at speeds, near synchronism by adjustment of the resistances 70.
Patent GB-1455364-A (GB)
Title: Securing element for securing stacks of articles
IPC: B65D67/02
Filed: 1974-04-11
Abstract: 1455364 Stack securing elements P JOURNEE 11 April 1974 [9 Get 1973] 16258/74 Heading B8C An element for stabilizing a pair of side-byside stacks of articles such as wiper-blade containing packages 10, 11, 12, including a pair of convergent lateral branches 2, 3, each having hooking fingers 4, 5, and a lower branch 7 having an intermediate branch 8 adapted to lie between the stacks and provided at its free end with a head 9. More than one clip may be used per stack.
Patent GB-356178-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in inflatable articles
IPC: A47C27/08
Filed: 1930-05-27
Abstract: 356,178. Air cushions. NEW YORK RUBBER CORPORATION, 19, West 44th Street, New York, U.S.A. May 27, 1930, No. 16281. Convention date, Dec. 20, 1929. [Class 52 (iv).] Air cushions are made by superimposing two sheets of material with uncured rubber faces and applying pressure to unite the peripheral edges, there being introduced between the sheets 20, 21 members 25 of strip or tubular formation, also having uncured rubber faces, which are simultaneously united with the upper and lower sheets during the pressing operation to form reeds or ties. The dies 10, 11 of the press are preferably capable of receiving a heating fluid to effect vulcanization during the pressing operation.
Patent GB-860211-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lead-acid type electric accumulators
Inventor: ROBINSON ROBERT GEORGE
IPC: H01M4/14
Filed: 1958-05-21
Abstract: 860,211. Batteries. PRITCHETT & GOLD & E.P.S. CO. Ltd. May 8, 1959 [May 21, 1958], No. 16286/58. Class 53. An accumulator grid 1 pasted with lead oxides is provided with a mesh or net 6 which is pressed or rolled into the surface of the paste. The net is made of polyvinyl chloride or its copolymers, polyethylene, or polyesters, for example polyethylene terephthalate, and may be in the form of fine cloth or open non-woven fabric, the fibres of which are bonded together by fusion or cement.
Patent GB-529549-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for delivering can heads or the like from a stack for application to can bodies or like receptacles
IPC: B21D51/26
Filed: 1939-06-02
Abstract: 529,549. Applying covers &c. to cans &c. DAVIES, L. E. June 2, 1939, No. 16330. [Classes 125 (ii) and 66] [Also in Group XXX] Can heads &c. stacked between guides 24, are supported by pallets 30 on a reciprocable frame 16, which, when moved to its forward position brings pallets 32, 32<SP>1</SP>, 32<SP>11</SP>, into position to support the stack while the lowest cover is released by the forward movement of pallets 30 and slides down a chute into position for application to the can &c. Blades mounted on the slide function to separate the lowermost cover. Specifications 383,744 and 432,463 are referred to.
Patent GB-799493-A (GB)
Title: Dehydrocortical hormones
IPC: C07J7/00
Filed: 1955-06-08
Abstract: The invention comprises an 11b -hydroxy-21-acyloxy - 1,4,17(20) - pregnatriene - 3 - one represented by the formula: <FORM:0799493/IV (b)/1> wherein Ac represents the acyl radical of acetic acid, b -cyclopentylpropionic acid or succinic acid.  These compounds may be obtained by protecting the 3-keto group of methyl 3,11-diketo - 1,4,17(20) - pregnatriene - 21 - oate with an enol ether, cyclic ketal, or preferably with a pyrrolidyl enamine, then reducing the 21-carbonyloxy group with lithium aluminium, hydride or lithium borohydride, followed by hydrolysis, usually with acid, of the enamine group to regenerate the D 1,4-3-keto group and acylation of the 21-hydroxy group to produce 11b  - hydroxy - 21 - acyloxy - 1,4,17(20-pregnatriene-3-one.  Examples describe the production of the 21-acetoxy compound with acetic anhydride. Also mentioned are esterification using the acid chloride, the acid and by ester exchange.  Specifications 761,490 and 761,526 are referred to.
Patent GB-1464218-A (GB)
Title: Method of preparing polyalkylene acrylates
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 1975-04-22
Abstract: 1464218 Polyalkylene acrylates CELANESE CORP 22 April 1975 [22 April 1974] 16567/75 Heading C2C Monomeric acrylates are prepared by reacting a polyalkylene glycol or the ether-alcohol derivative of alkylene or polyalkylene glycol treated by heating with a hydrocarbon solvent and a caustic or sodium borohydride, with an α-# unsaturated monocarboxylic acid in a non- oxygen containing atmosphere in the presence of a catalyst and an inhibitor. The pre-treatment removes thermally unstable peroxides. The product may be further purified by extraction with an aqueous base and treatment with Fullers earth and charcoal. After the solvent and water may be removed by vacuum flask distillation followed by vacuum gas stripping in a rotary flask evaporator. Polyalkylene glycols with two free reactive groups and in which neither terminal hydroxy group has been etherified or one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been etherified. The unsaturated acids may be acrylic and substituted acrylic acids. Conventional catalysts and inhibitors may be used. An example describes the preparation of tetraethylene glycol diacrylate by direct esterification after pre-treatment with benzene, n-hexane and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Other diesters may be di-, tri, or tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, di- and tripropylene glycol dimethacrylates, and the corresponding acrylates. Polymers may be prepared from the monomers by conventional processes.
Patent GB-773779-A (GB)
Title: Machine for coating pipes electrochemically with bitumen
Inventor: ALSOP JOHN FRANCIS
IPC: C25D13/14
Filed: 1953-06-16
Abstract: 773,779. Coating pipes electrophoretically. GENERAL DESCALING CO., Ltd. June 10, 1954 [June 16, 1953], No. 16629/53. Class 41. An apparatus for hauling an electrode through a pipe to deposit bitumen on the interior of the pipe and for supplying electric current to the electrode comprises a cable 44 attached at one end to the electrode and at the other to a drum 38 on a winch W, an electric generator G, means, e.g. leads 48, con. tact shoes and slip rings, for passing current from the generator G to the cable 44, a source of power, e.g. an internal-combustion engine E, drive means for transmitting power from the engine E to the generator G and winch W, and a variable gear R in the drive means to the winch W whereby the speed of the winch may be adjusted in accordance with the current supply to the electrode. The adjustment may be manual or automatic, e.g. by electric relays, and, if manual, a warning light or bell may be actuated by solenoids when the current to the electrode varies by a predetermined amount. The drive to the generator G and gear R is by belts 23, 24, and from gear R to winch W by a chain. The fixed end of the cable 44 passes through the side of the drum 38 and is joined to a plug 45 connected electrically to coaxial slip rings rotaing with the drum 38 and engaging stationary shoes connected to the leads 48. Separate connections may be made to separate sections of the electrode. The return earth circuit is through a cable 50 on a drum 51. Specification 756,037 is referred to.
Patent GB-563466-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic controls for aircraft undercarriages
IPC: B64C25/22
Filed: 1941-12-26
Abstract: 563,466. Aircraft undercarriages. RUBERY OWEN MESSIER, Ltd., and ORLOFF, G. Dec. 26, 1941, No. 16686. [Class 4] A wheel-carrying member pivoted to a deformable frame incorporating a shock absorber connected to the airframe is retractable by a hydraulic jack against the resistance of spring returning means, the pressure fluid for the jack first releasing a locking device, for holding the parts in their extended position, and then opening a valve to permit the fluid to flow to the jack. A telescopic oleo-pneumatic shock absorber 11 is pivoted to the airframe at 12 and a casting 19 at the lower end is connected to the airframe by a radius link 13 which is roughly trapezoidal in plan. A swivelling wheel fork 25 is mounted in another casting 26 pivoted to the casting 19 at 27 and is normally locked in the extended position by a catch 48 pivoted to the casting 19 and engaging a transverse pin 50 on the casting 26. Rubber cables 39 urge the parts into the extended position. A jack 31 passing through a hole in the link 13 is connected between a bracket 44 on the shock-absorber and an eye 30 on the casting 26. Pressure fluid from a pump is supplied through a single pipe 53 and entering a small cylinder 45 depresses a piston 46, Fig. 4, having a piston rod 47 connected to the latch 48. Towards the end of the piston stroke a valve 58 on the piston is unseated as its stem 60 comes into contact with a cross-pin 62 and fluid can flow through the valve to a pipe 54 leading to the jack. A pipe 56 enables the undercarriage to be positively extended in an emergency but normally the cables 39 extend the under carriage when the pressure in the pipe 53 is released. The swivelling motion of the wheel is controlled by a shimmy-damper 29 as described in Specification 549,772, [Group XXXII].
Patent GB-145475-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in lifting-jacks for carriages
IPC: B66F15/00
Filed: 1920-06-21
Abstract: 145,475. F³rst, J. June 21, 1920. Jacks.-In a carriage jack of the lever type, the lever is made in three parts b, f, g which are hinged together, and is pivotally mounted in a support d. The lifting pillar a is pivotally mounted in the part b and is connected by a link c to the support d. The load is sustained by a pivoted support i which falls into position when the lever is raised. The support i is connected to a lever l by a spring k. When the load has been raised, the lever l is turned from the position shown in full lines to the position shown in dotted lines, thereby tensioning the spring k. To lower the load, the lever is raised slightly and the support i is withdrawn by the spring k.
Patent GB-151118-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to signalling systems with special reference to telephonic circuits
IPC: H04Q1/32
Filed: 1919-07-04
Abstract: 151,118. Graham, E. A., Rickets, W. J., and Sanftleben, E. A. July 4, 1919. Direct-call systems and apparatus; thermionic relays and repeaters.-The calling device of a direct-call telephone system is controlled by a thermionic relay the filament of which is connected in series with a condenser across the line. The filament 10, Fig. 1, of a thermionic relay 9 is adapted to be placed across the leads 1, 2 by means of a switch 12. The filament 10 is heated by pulsating or alternating current by means of a vibrator 13 at the distant station, a transformer 4, 14, or from a source connected to the leads 1, 2 through condensers 15, 16. The filament is connected in series with a condenser 11, and this circuit may contain a tuning inductance 17. The anode circuit of the relay 9 contains the winding 7 of a relav the armature 6 of which controls the circuit of a calling-device 5. A short-circuited winding 18 or a copper sleeve is provided on the core of the relay to prevent chattering of the armature 6. In the modification shown in Fig. 2, the calling device 5 is energized by an independent source 19 which may be connected to the anode circuit of the relay 9 by a lead 2a, in which case the lead 2<b> is dispensed with. In the modification shown in Fig. 3, the anode circuit of the relay 9 is inductively coupled to the filament circuit by means of a transformer 20, 21. In a further modification, an intermediate circuit containing a tuning capacity and inductance is placed between the windings 20, 21 of the transformer shown in Fig. 3, and the inductance 17 is dispensed with. Fig. 6 shows a two-anode relay 9 applied to the calling device 5 of a telephone system. The winding 29 of the induction coil 29, 30 functions as a tuning inductance, and the anodes 8 and 8<a> are connected to the terminals of the transformer windings 26, 27 inductively coupled to the winding 29 so that both halves of the wave may be employed. Specification 149,461 is referred to.