Patent GB-762017-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for continuously carrying out reactions employing solid substances in the fluidised state
IPC: C01B32/336
Filed: 1954-04-09
Abstract: <FORM:0762017/IV(b)/1> An enclosed path 3, Fig. 6, terminating in a downwardly-facing converging entrance 4 within a chamber 1 is employed to convey a fine-grained mixture of salts of benzene sulphonic acids and alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides from a fluidized bed in said chamber to a bed in another chamber 2, maintained in fluidized condition by a stream of steam in parallel with that in the first chamber, the bed in the first chamber being maintained at a level above the lower edge of said converging entrance.  The reaction between the components manner and phenols are produced. Specifications 755,959, [Group XII], and 762,062, [Group XXX], are referred to.ALSO:An enclosed path (3) terminating in a downwardly-facing converging entrance (4) within a chamber (1) is employed to convey material, e.g. a catalyst in a hydrocarbon cracking process from a bed of material in said chamber to a bed in another chamber (2) said beds being maintained in fluidized condition by a continuously feeding a steady upward current of gas into said chambers and the <PICT:0762017/III/1> <PICT:0762017/III/2> bed in the first chamber being maintained at a level above the lower edge of said converging entrance.  The numerals relate to Fig. 6.  The apparatus may also be used for the dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, aromatization and alkylation of hydrocarbons or their synthesis from carbon monoxide or hydrogen, or in roasting ores or calcining calcium carbonate.  The wider end of the converging entrance is preferably given a short cylindrical section 26, preferred sizes and proportions are indicated.  More than one conduit may if desired be employed, as may a series of chambers containing fluidized beds arranged adjacently if desired, e.g. as described in Specification 755,959. In the latter case, heating or cooling pipes or other passages for a heat transferring medium may be arranged in the side walls of the chambers.  If desired the device to separate the gas from the solid, e.g. a dust collector or cyclone may be included in the conduit; this device may be situated in either chamber or between the chambers, and the gas outlet thereof may be arranged to open into either chamber, so that if desired it is possible to keep the gases in the chambers, which may be different, separate: thus a catalyst could be passed through the chambers in series and alternately be contacted with the reactant gases, and regenerated.  If a series of chambers (17) is used, they may be arranged in series as indicated in Fig. 5, on a grid with preparations 25 through which the fluidizing gas passes, and surrounded by a cylinder 16 in which a fluidized bed is maintained, solids entering the first chamber by conduit 5 and finally emerging from separator 18.  The bed in the surrounding cylinder may be used to regulate the temperature of the reaction, the solid or gas being simultaneously pre-heated.  A fluidized bed of solid material may alternatively be kept permanently in said cylinder and not discharged.  Such an apparatus may be used, e.g. for carbonization of coal (in chambers 17, coke being fluidized in the cylinder 16) or an endothermic reaction (e.g. cracking of hydrocarbons) in conjunction with an exothermic reaction (e.g. the regeneration of the cracking catalyst).  Specification 762,062 [Group XXX] also is referred to.