Patent GB-783740-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to polyepoxide emulsions
IPC: C08J3/03
Filed: 1955-10-03
Abstract: Textiles are treated with polyepoxide oil-in-water emulsions which may be cured in situ to give improved shrink and crease resistance, and which consist of a polyepoxide as the dispersed phase and an aqueous dispersing phase containing an acid and alkali-stable non-ionic dispersing agent and a water-dispersible protective colloid. Non-ionic dispersing agents specified are partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having at least 6 carbon atoms, e.g. sorbitan or mannitan mono-laurate, -palmitate, -stearate, or -oleate; pentaerythritol mono- and di-stearate; 1,2,6-hexanetriol caproate; hydroxy-polyoxyalkylene ethers of the above esters; and di- and mono-ethers of polyalkylene glycols, e.g. phenyl polyethylene glycol monoether. Protective colloids specified are polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose; and homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated acids, e.g. methacrylic acid, with other unsaturated monomers, e.g. styrene. Preferred curing agents are those described in Specification 766,273, e.g. polybasic anhydrides, amines and salts of metals, the anions of which include two dissimilar elements. When using these agents to treat synthetic fibres, permanent starch finishes are obtained and meshing together of the fibres is prevented. The emulsions may be applied to the fibres or fabrics by spraying or impregnation by padding rollers. The treated fabric is dried at 120 DEG C. by exposure to hot gases and the emulsion is cured in situ at 100-200 DEG C.  Silk, jute, hemp, rayon, animal fibres, polyester, polyacrylic, polyvinyl, polyethylene, polyurethane, acrylonitrile, polyamide, polyvinyl fibres and glass fibres may be treated.  In examples, (III) an emulsion consisting of a polyepoxide, an alkyl phenyl polyethylene glycol ether, and a partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol is mixed with water and stirred until the emulsion is inverted.  Zinc fluoborate is added and the emulsion is used to pad rayon cloth which, after treatment, is dried and cured at 160 DEG C.; (VI) rayon cloth is similarly treated with an emulsion containing polyallyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol monostearate and hydrolysed polyvinyl butyrate; (VII) the epoxide employed is epoxidized glycerol trioleate.ALSO:Polyepoxide oil-in-water emulsions suitable for use as dressing and finishing agents and as coating compositions consist of (1) a polyepoxide as dispersed phase and as aqueous dispersing phase; (2) an acid- and alkali-stable non-ionic emulsifying agent, and (3) a water-dispersible protective colloid. There are specified as (1) polyepoxides-glycidyl polyethers of polyhydric phenols and alcohols having an epoxy equivalency greater than 1, including halogenated derivatives thereof; epoxidized triglycerides, e.g. trioleates and trilinoleates, the diacetate of epoxidized glycerol dioleate 1,4-bis(2,3 - epoxypropoxybenzene), 4,41 - bis(2,3-epoxypropoxydiphenylether), 1,8-bis(2,3-epoxy propoxy)-octane etc.; epoxyglycidyl polyethers of cardanol and like phenols having a long unsaturated side-chain; reaction products of polyhydric alcohols or phenols with a polyepoxide, e.g. reaction products of catechol and bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy ether; glycidyl ethers or novolac resins; polymers obtained from epoxy containing monomers and compounds having at least one polymerizable ethylenic linkage and obtained by addition polymerization through the ethylenic group, e.g. poly(allyl-2,3-epoxy-propyl ether); polyepoxy esters of polybasic acids; polyepoxy polyethers; (2) non-ionic emulsifying agents-partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having at least 6 and preferably 12-18 C atoms, e.g. sorbitan or mannitan mono-laurate, -palmitate, -stearate, -oleate; pentaerythritol mono- and di-stearate, -oleate; 1,2,6-hexanetriolcaproate hydroxy-polyoxyalkylene ethers of the above partial esters; di- and mono-ethers of polyalkylene glycols, e.g. phenyl polyethylene glycol monoether; (3) colloids-polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, copolymers of maleic acid, homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated acids, e.g. methacrylic, maleic and fumaric acids with unsaturated monomers, e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile, etc.; starch, gelatine, dextrine, &c. In the preparation of paints the emulsion may be mixed with metal fluorborates, perchlorate, persulphates, etc.; preferred curing agents are polybasic acids and polyamines and metal salts of inorganic acids having at least two dissimilar elements in the anion portion, as described in Specification 766,273. In examples: (1) a mixture of a glycidol polyether of bis-phenol, polyethylene glycol ether of sorbitan monolaurate and hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate was inverted by the gradual addition of water while stirring; the emulsion with the addition of zinc fluoborate as catalyst was used to pad rayon cloth which was then dried at 100 DEG C. and the epoxide cured in situ at 160 DEG  C. for 5 minutes; (II) with the addition of 5 parts urea-formaldehyde resin the emulsion was applied to steel panels and baked at 160 DEG  C.; (VI) polyallyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol monostearate, and hydrolysed polyvinyl butyrate were used to make the emulsion; (VII) as in VI using epoxidized glycerol trioleate; (IX) chlorendic anhydride was employed as curing agent.