baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2019502512-A (JP)
Title: 管状の音響導波管セグメントを備えた超音波外科器具
IPC: A61B17/32
Filed: 2016-12-14
Abstract: 超音波器具は、本体と、本体から遠位に延在するシャフトアセンブリとを含む。シャフトアセンブリは音響導波管を有する。この器具は、超音波ブレードを含むエンドエフェクタを更に含む。超音波ブレードは音響導波管と音響的に連通している。超音波ブレードは、ある材料又は材料の組み合わせでできた中実のコアシャフトによって画成されている。音響導波管の少なくとも一部は、中実のコアシャフトに連結された中空の管状部材を含む。
Patent JP-2019510702-A (JP)
Title: 包装スリーブ、包装体、および包装体の製造方法
IPC: B65D5/42
Filed: 2017-03-16
Abstract: 包装体（１５’、１５”）を製造するための複合材料製の包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）が図示および説明される。包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）は、前面（５）と、裏面（６）と、２つの側面（３、４）と、これら２つの側面（３、４）、前面（５）、および裏面（６）の両側に配置された底面（８）およびゲーブル面（９）と、筒状の包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）を形成するために複合材料の２つの端縁を接続する長手方向シーム（１１）とを備える。包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）は、いくつかの折り目線（２、２’）を有する。２つの側面（３、４）は、何れの場合も、側面（３、４）を通る二次折り目線（１８）を有する。包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）は、両二次折り目線（１８）に沿ってのみ折り曲げられる。複雑な形状を有する包装体の製造を可能にするために、包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）は、底面（８）の領域およびゲーブル面（９）の領域の両方において開口している。更に、このような包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）から製作された包装体（１５’、１５”）、ならびにこのような包装スリーブ（１０’、１０”）から包装体（１５’、１５”）を製造する方法、が図示および説明される。【選択図】図２Ｂ
Patent JP-2019517102-A (JP)
Title: バッテリーパック故障検出装置および方法
IPC: H01M10/44
Filed: 2017-08-28
Abstract: 独立した接地部を用いたバッテリーパック故障検出装置および方法が開示される。本発明に係る分散演算を通じたバッテリー管理システムは、負荷に電力を供給する第１バッテリーパック、前記第１バッテリーパックと連結されてバッテリーパックの電力供給を連結および遮断する第１リレーと前記第１バッテリーパックとの間に連結される第１接地部、前記負荷に電力を供給する第２バッテリーパック、前記第２バッテリーパックと連結されてバッテリーパックの電力供給を連結および遮断する第２リレーと前記第２バッテリーパックとの間に連結される第２接地部、および前記第１リレー両端の電圧および前記第２リレー両端の電圧を測定する電圧測定部を含む。【選択図】 図２
Patent JP-2019518280-A (JP)
Title: パーソナルアシスタントモジュールとの会話への選択可能アプリケーションリンクの組込み
IPC: G06F9/54
Filed: 2016-12-28
Abstract: ユーザがクライアントコンピューティングデバイスを操作する間にユーザにサービスするために、パーソナルアシスタントモジュールのインスタンスを動作させることであって、パーソナルアシスタントモジュールのインスタンスが、ユーザと、パーソナルアシスタントモジュールのインスタンスとの間の、メッセージ交換スレッドの永続的レコードへのアクセスを有する、こと、永続的メッセージ交換スレッドから発出するキューを検出すること、ユーザによって操作されたクライアントコンピューティングデバイス上にインストールされている候補アプリケーションを識別することであって、候補アプリケーションが、メッセージ交換スレッドのコンテンツに関連付けられる、こと、および、それぞれの候補アプリケーションに関連付けられたインターフェースをユーザにエクスポーズすることをクライアントコンピューティングデバイスに行わせるようにユーザによって操作可能な選択可能リンクを、クライアントコンピューティングデバイス上にレンダリングされたグラフィカルユーザインターフェースにおいて表示されるメッセージ交換スレッドのトランスクリプトに組み込むこと、を行うための、方法、装置、システム、およびコンピュータ可読媒体を提供する。
Patent JP-2019518123-A (JP)
Title: 潤滑ポリマー
IPC: C10M169/04
Filed: 2017-06-16
Abstract: 【解決手段】 潤滑剤組成物が開示され、潤滑剤組成物は、基油とアルキルメタクリレートコポリマーとを含み、アルキルメタクリレートコポリマーは、少なくとも、Ｃ６〜Ｃ１０アルキルメタクリレートモノマーから選択されるモノマー（Ａ）と、Ｃ１０〜Ｃ１８アルキルメタクリレートモノマーから選択されるモノマー（Ｂ）とを含み、かつモノマー（Ｂ）は少なくとも１種のＣ１２アルキルメタクリレートモノマーを含むか、または少なくともモノマー（Ａ）とモノマー（Ｂ）とを合わせることによって得られるコポリマーを含む。潤滑組成物の使用も開示される。
Patent JP-2021508386-A (JP)
Title: 車両内の争いを検出するためのシステムおよび方法
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2018-11-09
Abstract: 本開示の実施形態は、車両内の争いを検出するためのシステムを提供する。このシステムは、車両内の複数の画像を捕捉するように構成された少なくとも１つのカメラを含む。このシステムはさらに、少なくとも１つのカメラと通信するコントローラを含む。コントローラは、複数の画像から人間オブジェクトを検出し、それぞれの人間オブジェクトの深度情報を推定し、深度情報に基づいて争いを検出するように構成される。 【選択図】図５
Patent JP-2019521255-A (JP)
Title: 空間的ａｌｄ処理チャンバ内での堆積の均一性を高めるデバイス
IPC: C23C16/458
Filed: 2017-06-30
Abstract: 複数の凹部を有する頂面と底面とを有するサセプタを備えたサセプタアセンブリが説明される。ヒータは、サセプタを加熱するようにサセプタの下方に配置されている。サセプタの底面とヒータとの間にシールドが配置されている。シールドは、サセプタの全体にわたる堆積の均一性を高める。【選択図】図９
Patent JP-2019520165-A (JP)
Title: コンピュータ化された運動装置
IPC: A61H1/02
Filed: 2017-05-24
Abstract: 【課題】ユーザの具体的なニーズに合わせてカスタマイズされた調整可能なトレーニング・リカバリー機能を備えたシステムを提供する。【解決手段】システムは、複数のリンク及び複数のジョイントに連結されたユーザインターフェース部材、ブレーキならびにセンサを含む運動装置と、プロセッサとを備える。プロセッサは、センサから、ユーザによる前記装置の初期動きにわたるリンク又はジョイントの位置データを受け取り、検出された位置データから、ユーザインターフェース部材の位置座標を算出して基準軌道を決定し、基準軌道に基づいて終点空間を規定し、センサから、ユーザによる、装置の後続する動きにわたるリンクの位置データを受け取り、検出された位置データから、ユーザインターフェース部材の位置座標を算出し、後続する動作の位置座標および規定された終点空間に基づいて反復の完了を判定する。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2020111416-A (JP)
Title: Steel member reinforcement structure and reinforcement method
Inventor: MATSUDA SHINGO
IPC: E04G23/02
Filed: 2019-01-09
Abstract: To suppress the occurrence of fatigue cracking in an H-beam by appropriately reducing stress applied on the H-beam serving as a crane girder.SOLUTION: The reinforcement structure of an H-beam serving as a crane girder for supporting a mobile body on an upper surface is formed such that a reinforcement member is provided to the bottom surface of the H-beam, and slits are formed in the lower flange of the H-beam from the short-direction end of the lower flange toward a web of the H-beam. A plurality of slits are formed so as to sandwich the web of the H-beam along the longitudinal direction of the lower flange of the H-beam.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8
Patent JP-2020110314-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: OKAMURA GEN
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2019-01-11
Abstract: To provide a game machine capable of enhancing a player's interest in a game.SOLUTION: A performance is executed by performance execution means based on a fact that operation means that a player can operate is operated in a state that an effective period is established by effective period setting means. A specific period is established by specific period setting means in the effective period established by the effective period setting means, and whether or not the operation means is operated in the specific period is discriminated by operation discrimination means. A performance is executed by the performance execution means based on a fact that the operation discrimination means discriminates that the operation means is operated. Thereby, the player's interest in the game can be enhanced.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2020114908-A (JP)
Title: Sealant film
Inventor: YANAGISHITA YOSHIO
IPC: B65D65/40
Filed: 2019-01-18
Abstract: To provide a sealant film that has moderate rigidity (flexibility) while having excellent workability, and has both of heat sealability and easy peelability of aggregation peeling type.SOLUTION: A sealant film at least has a layer formed from a polyolefin composition (A) that contains an ethylenic polymer (A1) which is a copolymer of an ethylene and a C4-10 α-olefin and a polypropylene (A2), satisfying specific requirements, with the contents of the ethylenic polymer (A1) and polypropylene (A2), in mass ratio (A1: A2), of 20:80-90:10, and the sealant film has a thickness of 15-300 μm.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2020118706-A (JP)
Title: Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
Inventor: SHIMIZU TOMOFUMI
IPC: G03G5/04
Filed: 2019-01-18
Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that can improve charge stability and prevent crystallization of a photosensitive layer.SOLUTION: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating agent, a hole transport agent, a binder resin, and an electron transport agent. The hole transport agent includes a compound represented by the general formula (1). The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin having a repeating unit of a specific structure. The electron transport agent includes a compound represented by a specific structure.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2020115754-A (JP)
Title: Blood vessel formation promoter screening method, and preparation
Inventor: INUI ERIKO
IPC: G01N33/50
Filed: 2019-01-18
Abstract: To provide a blood vessel formation promoter screening method that is suitable for checking whether blood vessel formation is promoted or not, and a preparation containing a blood vessel formation promoter discovered by the blood vessel formation promoter screening method.SOLUTION: A blood vessel formation promoter screening method including using a coculture system containing a vascular endothelial cell and a mesenchymal stem cell, and a preparation containing a blood vessel formation promoter discovered by the blood vessel formation promoter screening method.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2020117344-A (JP)
Title: Information processing apparatus, printing system, and program
Inventor: MATSUI TAKAYUKI
IPC: B41J15/00
Filed: 2019-01-23
Abstract: To provide an information processing apparatus adapted such that when carrying out printing with a continuous sheet of paper and another continuous sheet of paper tied together, printing is prevented from being done on a portion not to be printed on the continuous sheet of paper.SOLUTION: An information processing apparatus is adapted such that if it is determined that when detecting a terminal end of a continuous sheet of paper to be carried to printing means, an operation is made to tie the continuous sheet of paper to another continuous sheet of paper, carrying the continuous sheet of paper through a user's operation at the detection of the terminal end is prohibited.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2020117974-A (JP)
Title: Block mat, manufacturing method for block mat, and revetment structure
Inventor: AKINAGA TAKUYA
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 2019-01-25
Abstract: To provide a block mat that can prevent water from passing through and that can efficiently be manufactured by using hardened concrete blocks.SOLUTION: A block mat has a plurality of concrete blocks that are fixed on a flexible sheet. The sheet includes a base material sheet on the concrete block side, and an impervious sheet on the opposite side to the concrete blocks. The base material sheet is a porous sheet. The concrete blocks, the base material sheet, and the impervious sheet are integrated by using an adhesive.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2020115815-A (JP)
Title: Protection tool
Inventor: KANO TAKUYA
IPC: A01M7/00
Filed: 2019-01-25
Abstract: To reduce a load on an operator engaged in patrolling a power transmission line erected in a mountainous area, and ensure his or her safety.SOLUTION: A protection tool 100 is composed by providing a hollow bar-shaped shaft 110 having a grip 130 at one end with: a reservoir 120 for holding a chemical solution inside; an injection mechanism for injecting the chemical solution in the reservoir 120 from the tip of the shaft 110 to the outside of the shaft 110 through a space inside the shaft 110; and an operation switch for receiving a chemical solution injection operation by the injection mechanism. Thereby, it is possible to reduce a load on an operator 600 engaged in patrolling a power transmission line erected in a mountainous area, and ensure his or her safety.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2020123822-A (JP)
Title: Electronic apparatus
Inventor: SEKIYAMA YOSHIO
IPC: H02J7/00
Filed: 2019-01-30
Abstract: To realize submerged detection of an electronic apparatus at low cost.SOLUTION: A transceiver (1) includes a pair of external power supply terminals (22) provided so as to be exposed on the surface of a device body (2) and to which electric power is input from the outside, a submersion detection circuit (30) that detects that the transceiver (1) is submerged by short-circuiting the external power supply terminals (22) each other, and a speaker (11), a liquid crystal panel (12), and an LED (13) that broadcast detection of submersion by the submersion detection circuit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2020121855-A (JP)
Title: Peeling device
Inventor: MAKINO TORU
IPC: B65H41/00
Filed: 2019-01-30
Abstract: To suppress production of chips when a sheet is peeled from a carrier film being a base layer, and suppress damaging of the sheet.SOLUTION: A sheet table 20 adsorbs and holds a laminated sheet 90 in which a sheet 94 is laminated on a carrier film 92 being a base layer, with a surface of the sheet 94 as an adsorbing surface of the laminated sheet 90, and with a surface of the carrier film 92 as an exposed surface of the laminated sheet 90. A blade 110 has a blade tip 110A pressed against an end part 92A of the carrier film 92 to fold up the end part 92A with respect to the sheet by the pressing. A clamp mechanism 120 peels the carrier film 92 from the sheet 94 by gripping and moving the end part 92A of the folded-up carrier film 92.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11
Patent JP-2020122189-A (JP)
Title: Surface-treated copper foil, copper-cladded laminate plate, and printed wiring board
Inventor: GOTO IKUHIRO
IPC: B32B15/20
Filed: 2019-01-30
Abstract: To provide a surface-treated copper foil that can have improved adhesion with a resin base material, particularly a resin base material fit for high frequency, and a copper-cladded laminate plate having excellent adhesion between a resin base material, particularly a resin base material fit for high frequency, and a surface-treated copper foil.SOLUTION: A surface-treated copper foil provided with a copper foil and a surface-treating layer formed on at least one surface of the copper foil. In the surface-treated copper foil, the average length RSm of the surface-treating layer is 3.3-5.2 μm. A copper-cladded laminate plate provided with a surface-treated copper foil, and a resin base material bonded to a surface-treating layer in the surface-treated copper foil.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2020123238-A (JP)
Title: Information processing device, information processing method, information processing program, learning method, and prelearned model
Inventor: SARUWATARI KEN
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2019-01-31
Abstract: To perform machine learning using the image of a defectless normal inspection object which is easily obtainable in multitude and thereby detect an abnormal inspection object having defects.SOLUTION: In the control unit of a tablet printing device, an information processing device detects an inspection object having defects using a set of image data of a defectless inspection object. The information processing device comprises: an image restoration unit for generating a restored image in which a hidden portion is restored from image data in which a portion of an inspection image, with an inspection object unknown to have or not have a defect imaged therein, is hidden; a determination unit for comparing the restored image with the inspection image and thereby determining whether or not there is defect; and an output unit for outputting the determination result. The image restoration unit is prelearned by deep learning so as to be capable of generating a restored image in which a hidden portion is restored from image data in which a portion of each of a plurality of learning images, with a defectless inspection object imaged therein, is hidden.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2019097195-A (JP)
Title: Receiver
Inventor: KAMIO HIROYUKI
IPC: H04N21/434
Filed: 2019-02-05
Abstract: To provide super high definition of a video in which application of logo data is extended and flexibility and transmission efficiency are enhanced.SOLUTION: In a transmission system, the logo data is modularized for each logo identification and logo type; the modularized logo data is distributed to a plurality of sections of common data table information; for the logo data, logo data distribution information indicative of a correspondence between the logo types and the distributed sections is defined and inserted in a logo data distribution descriptor of the common data table information; logo transmission description information is generated from logo management information including the logo identification and logo type of the logo data, and inserted in a logo transmission descriptor of a service description table information; the common data table information and the service description table information are multiplexed into a broadcast signal; and the multiplexed broadcast signal is transmitted.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 16
Patent JP-2020125643-A (JP)
Title: Tire stop for motor vehicle
Inventor: YOSHIDA TORU
IPC: E01F13/02
Filed: 2019-02-05
Abstract: To provide a tire stop for motor vehicle that is lightweight and portable, having a strong gripping force with a tire and the ground, having an excellent tire stopping effect, and with which there is no concern of damaging or puncturing a tire.SOLUTION: Provided is a tire stop for motor vehicle formed by fusing thermoplastic resin foamed particles together, in which at least a part of the surface that can come into contact with a tire and/or at least a part of the surface that can come into contact with a ground has a moat-like gap formed around the thermoplastic resin foam particles.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2020033534-A (JP)
Title: Polyarylene sulfide resin composition
Inventor: YAMANO NAOKI
IPC: C08L81/02
Filed: 2019-02-06
Abstract: To provide a polyarylene sulfide resin composition which is excellent in cold and heat resistance, has scarce mold contamination, has thin wall flowability compatibly, and is useful for applications such as water heater parts or automobile electric parts.SOLUTION: Provided is a polyarylene sulfide resin composition comprising: 100 pts.wt. of polyarylene sulfide resin (A), melt viscosity of which measured under conditions of a measurement temperature of 315°C and a load of 10 kg using a Koka-type flow tester equipped with a dice having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 2 mm is 100 to 2,000 P; 1-30 pts.wt. of at least one or more kinds of a modified ethylene-based copolymer (B) selected from ethylene-α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester-maleic anhydride copolymers and maleic anhydride graft-modified ethylene-α-olefin copolymers; 15-100 pts.wt. of glass fiber (C); and 0.1-3 pts.wt. of isocyanurate (D). A compounding ratio of the modified ethylene-based copolymer (B) and the isocyanurate (D) is in the range of (the isocyanurate (D))/(the modified ethylene-based copolymer (B)) (pts.wt./pts.wt.)=0.05-0.3.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2019071685-A (JP)
Title: Solid-state imaging apparatus and imaging apparatus equipped with the same
Inventor: SUZUKI SHIZUKA
IPC: H04N5/369
Filed: 2019-02-06
Abstract: To provide a solid-state imaging apparatus capable of more suppressing the occurrence of motion blur upon acquisition of a distance image of a photographic subject than ever before.SOLUTION: A solid-state imaging apparatus 100 is provided that is equipped with a plurality of pixels 20 arranged in the form of a matrix on a semiconductor substrate, each of the plurality of pixels 20 comprises: a photoelectric conversion unit 1 which converts received light into a signal charge; at least one read gate 6 which reads out the signal charge from the photoelectric conversion unit 1; a plurality of charge storage units 2 which store signal charges read by the at least one read gate 6; and a charge holding unit 10 which receives the transfer of the signal charge stored in the charge storage unit 2 from the one of the charge storage unit 2 and holds the received the signal charge and transfers the held signal charge to one of the plurality of charge storage units 2. Each of the plurality of charge storage units 2 includes a part of a transfer channel 4 and a part of a transfer electrode 5 partially overlapping with the semiconductor substrate in a plan view, and there are the plurality of the transfer channels 4 for each pixel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10A
Patent JP-2020127339-A (JP)
Title: Power system and power conversion device
Inventor: YOSHITAKE AKIRA
IPC: H02M7/48
Filed: 2019-02-06
Abstract: To provide a technique that prevents a reduction in efficiency of power control, while stabilizing a system.SOLUTION: A power conversion device 30 for a power system is connected to a power system 10 and is also connected to a first DC bus 14a. A power conversion device 40 for a solar battery is connected to a solar battery 42 and is also connected to a second DC bus 14b. The power conversion device 30 for the power system executes power control of the power system 10, by using a first control value derived based on a first command value for stabilization for adjusting the voltage of the first DC bus 14a to fall within a first range, and a first command value for control different from the first command value for stabilization. The power conversion device 40 for the solar cell executes power control of the solar cell 42, by using a second control value derived based on a second command value for stabilization for adjusting the voltage of the second DC bus 14b to fall within a second range, and a second command value for control different from the second command value for stabilization. The first range is narrower than the second range.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2020126024-A (JP)
Title: Vehicle control system
Inventor: FUKUDA HIROKI
IPC: B60W40/06
Filed: 2019-02-06
Abstract: To provide a vehicle control system with which it is possible to suppress the number of times a lane is changed and eliminate the sense of discomfort of a driver when lanes are automatically changed to a branch lane having a plurality of lanes.SOLUTION: The vehicle control system comprises: a route generation unit for generating a target route for the vehicle to change lanes from a main track to a branch lane in a branch section in order to head toward a destination; and a travel control unit for causing the vehicle to follow the generated target route. The branch lane includes a first branch lane on the most separate side from the main track and a second branch lane closer to the main track than is the first branch lane. The generation unit is constituted so that when proceeding from the main track to the second branch lane of the branch lane and heading toward the destination, it generates the target route on the basis of a branch demarcation line that demarcates between the main track and the branch lane in the branch section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2020134154-A (JP)
Title: Sheathed thermocouple
Inventor: HIURA HIROO
IPC: G01K7/02
Filed: 2019-02-13
Abstract: To provide a sheathed thermocouple which is not degraded and is not damaged in an early stage and maintains durability even under an aluminum high-temperature atmosphere.SOLUTION: The sheathed thermocouple includes, in a metal sheath 2, at least one pair of thermocouple elements 31 and 32 and an inorganic insulating material 4 for burying the space between the thermocouple elements 31 and 32 and the metal sheath 2. The metal sheath 2 has a multilayer structure having an inner layer 21 and an outer layer 22, and the outer layer 22 is made of pure nickel. The outer layer 22 desirably has a thickness of at least 0.06 mm and the inner layer 21 is desirably made of a nickel chromium-based heat resistance alloy.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2020132532-A (JP)
Title: Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, polyamic acid, and polyimide
Inventor: MATSUBARA MASAAKI
IPC: C07D307/89
Filed: 2019-02-14
Abstract: To provide a polyimide that has a hot melt processability at a lower temperature than the conventionally known hot melt moldable polyimide, and to provide a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride that is a raw material for the polyimide.SOLUTION: Since the polyimide obtained when the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (1) is used in the raw material, exhibits a high thermal decomposition temperature, and, in addition thereto, exhibits a lower glass transition temperature as compared with the conventionally known hot melt moldable polyimide, we have found that the problem can be solved.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2020132917-A (JP)
Title: Shaped metal material surface treatment liquid, method for manufacturing composite, and treatment solution applicator
Inventor: UEDA DAICHI
IPC: B32B15/085
Filed: 2019-02-14
Abstract: To provide a shaped metal material surface treatment liquid capable of easily bonding the shaped metal material to a resin composition molding.SOLUTION: The shaped metal material surface treatment liquid for forming a surface treated layer capable of bonding a resin composition molding to one shaped metal material on the surface of the one shaped metal material comprises: a phosphoric acid compound; an adhesion auxiliary agent being a metal oxide selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, V and Mo, a hydroxide or a fluoride; an organic solvent included by an amount of 5 mass% or more and 35 mass% or less to the total mass; and a resin, and has a viscosity of 2 mPa s or more and 50 mPa s and less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1