Patent GB-956590-A (GB)
Title: Process for dyeing cellulose textile materials and preparations therefor
IPC: C09B5/62
Filed: 1961-04-06
Abstract: The following intermediates are prepared:  4-(b -hydroxypropanesulphonyl) - 1 - amino-benzene from the corresponding nitro compound by catalytic reduction with Raney nickel in ethanol, 4 - (b :g  - dihydroxypropylsulphido) - 1 - nitro benzene by treating p-nitrothiophenol in ethanol containing sodium with glycerol chlorhydrin and  4-(b : g -dihydroxypropanesulphonyl)-1- aminobenzene by oxidation of the above with peracetic acid to the nitrosulphone followed by catalytic reduction with Raney nickel in alcohol.ALSO:Vat dyestuffs that contain at least one group imparting solubility in water and at least one sulphone group are employed to dye cellulosic materials.  The dyes may contain a radical -SO2-R, where R is a sulphatoalkyl group whose alkylene chain may be interrupted by hetero atoms such as O, S or N and wherein the sulphato group is preferably in the b -position. The dyes may be further substituted with halogen atoms or alkyl, alkoxy, acylamino or arylamino group, and they may be prepared (a) by condensing a vat dye containing sulphonyl halide or chlorotriazine groups with an amine containing a substituent -SO2R, (b) by sulphating a vat dye containing hydroxyalkyl-sulphonyl groups, (c) acylating an amino-anthraquinone with an agent containing an -SO2R group or (d) by oxidizing a suitable dye containing a sulphatoalkylene-mercapto group.  The vat dyes may be of the anthraquinone series including those with fuzed on carboxyclic or heterocyclic systems, the perylene-tetracarboxylic acid and the naphthalenetetra-carboxylic acid series.  Numerous dyes are specified, representative of which are those of the following formulae <FORM:0956590/C3/1> <FORM:0956590/C3/2> <FORM:0956590/C3/3> <FORM:0956590/C3/4> <FORM:0956590/C3/5> <FORM:0956590/C3/6> <FORM:0956590/C3/7> and the sulphuric acid esters of dyes of the formulae <FORM:0956590/C3/8> <FORM:0956590/C3/9> <FORM:0956590/C3/100> <FORM:0956590/C3/111>ALSO:Cellulose textile materials are dyed with vattable dyes in a process wherein at least one stage is performed in the presence of a reducing agent and a vat dye is used that contains at least one group imparting solubility in water, e.g.-COOH, -SO3H, -OSO3H or -SSO3H groups and at least one sulphone group.  The sulphone group is preferably of the formula -SO2-R where R is a sulphatoalkyl group whose alkylene chain may be interrupted by hereto atoms such as O, S or N atoms.  R is preferably an alkyl group containing the -OSO3H group in the b -position. Particularly valuable results are obtained with water soluble vat dyes in which an -SO2-CH2CH2-OSO3H group is attached directly to the anthraquinone nucleus or to an aroylamino group. The dyes may further contain usual substituents, e.g. halogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxy, acylamino or arylamino groups.  The dyestuffs may be applied to cotton, linen or viscose materials by dyeing, padding or printing techniques.  The dyebaths may contain neutral electrolytes, e.g. sodium chloride or sulphate.  Fixation may be achieved in the presence of an alkali at moderate to varied temperatures or by prolonged storage at room temperature. Specified reducing agents are sodium hydrosulphite, thiourea dioxide, sodium sulphide and hydrosulphide and glucose.  The vat dyes may also be prepared together with the reducing agent and neutral salt in the form of a paste or dry preparation.  Examples of dyeing and printing are given.