Patent GB-1106091-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to nuclear power plant
IPC: G21D5/06
Filed: 1965-03-26
Abstract: 1,106,091. Nuclear power plant. SULZER BROS Ltd. 26 March, 1965 [3 April, 1964], No. 12981/65. Heading G6C. A method of utilizing the heat of a nuclear reactor comprises feeding a working fluid in the liquid state to a heat exchanger outside the reactor, superheating the working fluid in the heat exchanger and then passing it to a turbine; on leaving the turbine, the vapour is passed through the reactor to be superheated, or further superheated if the vapour was still dry on leaving the turbine; the superheated working fluid passes from the reactor to the heat exchanger, where it heats the working fluid liquid feed. All the embodiments described use water as the working fluid, which may be used at supercritical pressure. In a first embodiment, Fig. 1, feed water passes from a tank 10 via a pump 11 to heat exchangers 6, 7, 8, in which it is superheated. Steam leaving the turbine 15 passes successively through reactor zone 2, heat exchanger 6, reactor zone 3 &c. until the steam leaves reactor zone 5, after which it passes to a low pressure turbine 26 and, via a condenser 27, back to the feed water tank 10. Steam entering each heat exchanger from the associated reactor zone is of course hot enough to vaporize and superheat the feed water fed to the heat exchanger. In a second embodiment (Fig. 2, not shown) the feed water is fed to two evaporators heated by h.p. turbine exhaust steam before it is superheated in a single dual flow superheating heat exchanger. As in the previous embodiment, steam leaving the h.p. turbine (68) passes successively in series flow through reactor sections and heat exchangers before being expanded in a 1.p. turbine. Two further embodiments (Figs. 4, 5, not shown) describe the application of the invention to a non-sectionalized reactor. In the first, feed water is superheated in a heat exchanger, expanded in a h.p. turbine and passed through the reactor, after which the flow is dividedone portion flowing to a 1.p. turbine and condenser, and the the other portion flowing through the heat exchanger and thence back to the reactor with the exhaust steam from the h.p. turbine. In the second, a similar arrangement is used to that just described, except that a portion of the feed water is fed into an evaporator in which it is vaporized by direct mixing with the steam which has just left the heat exchanger on its way back to the reactor. Two further embodiments relate to the use of a reactor through which some of the steam makes more than one pass. In Fig. 7, feed water from tank 161 passes via a pump 160 and preheaters 162, 163 to parallel flow heat exchangers 165, 166, where it is evaporated and superheated; exhaust steam from the h.p. turbine passes via line 164 to the reactor 175. The final embodiment, (Fig. 8, not shown), is similar to that illustrated in Fig. 5, in that there is a direct steam supply to a low pressure turbine. Start-up procedure.-An external supply of steam is necessary for starting up the embodiments described and broadly speaking it is necessary to bring the entire working fluid circuit to its normal power operating conditions of temperature and pressure before the reactor can be started up.