baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2022121660-A (JP)
Title: game machine
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-07-01
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine capable of enhancing amusement of a player toward games. 
     SOLUTION: A game machine includes: variable means which varies between a first state in which a ball entrance of a game ball to second ball entrance means is possible and a second state in which the ball entrance becomes more difficult than in the first state; variable performance means for varying the variable means from the second state to the first state on the basis of an establishment of a variable condition; special state setting means for setting a special state for facilitating a performance of a privilege game which is to become advantageous to a player through a performance of a game by flowing down game balls to a second flow path than to a first flow path, on the basis of an establishment of the specific condition; cancellation means for cancelling the special state on the basis of a fact that, after a performance of the privilege game, identification information is dynamically displayed and a dynamic display period thereof is finished; and variable condition setting means for determining an establishment of the variable condition if the privilege game is to be performed. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2024008055-A (JP)
Title: 分散型電源システム
IPC: H02J3/38
Filed: 2022-07-07
Abstract: 【課題】急峻な負荷変動が発生した際にも、電力系統側への逆潮流の発生を抑制できる全量自家消費型の分散型電源システムを提供する。【解決手段】分散型電源と、分散型電源から供給された電力を負荷に対応した交流電力に変換する電力変換装置と、電力変換装置による電力の変換の動作を制御する制御装置と、逆潮流の発生の検知に応じて電力変換装置の動作を停止させる逆電力継電器と、を備え、電力変換装置の制御部は、追従制御用の制御信号の入力を受けると、入力された追従制御用の制御信号に基づく電力を出力させるように、変換回路の動作を制御することにより、追従制御を実行し、危急制御用の制御信号の入力を受けると、予め決められた所定の電力を出力させるように、変換回路の動作を制御することにより、危急制御を実行する分散型電源システムが提供される。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2024008617-A (JP)
Title: 成形用樹脂組成物、誘電体基板およびマイクロストリップアンテナ
IPC: C08L63/00
Filed: 2022-07-08
Abstract: 【課題】高誘電率および低誘電正接を実現できる成形用樹脂組成物に関する技術を提供する。【解決手段】本発明の成形用樹脂組成物は、エポキシ樹脂（Ａ）、硬化剤（Ｂ）、高誘電率充填剤（Ｃ）および以下の式（Ｄ１）で示される構造単位を有するインデン樹脂（Ｄ）を含む。【化１】TIFF2024008617000022.tif45153（一般式（Ｄ１）中、Ｒ１からＲ７はそれぞれ独立して、水素または炭素数１以上３以下の有機基である。）【選択図】なし
Patent JP-2024010352-A (JP)
Title: 車両の解析装置
IPC: G01M17/007
Filed: 2022-07-12
Abstract: 【課題】車体の電気的な作用を解析することができる車両の解析装置を提供する。【解決手段】路面に対して絶縁状態に保持されている車体１が、走行することを含む外部要因による静電気で帯電する車両の解析装置であって、車体１の第１所定部位３と車体１の第２所定部位４との間に電圧を印加する電源６と、第１所定部位３と第２所定部位４との間に流れる電流値を検出する検出部７と、電源６から印加した電圧値と検出部７によって検出された電流値とに基づいて第１所定部位３と第２所定部位４との間のインピーダンスまたはアドミタンスを求める演算部１０とを備えている。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2023059226-A (JP)
Title: game machine
Inventor: MARUNO SHUJI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-07-12
Abstract: To provide a game machine which can carry out a control according to when a function of restricting an execution of a game is actuated.SOLUTION: When a specific ball number based on the number of prize balls having been given since a start of an electric power supply and the number of balls having been used in a game since the start of the electric power supply reaches an upper limit number, a specific function is actuated to restrict the execution of the game in a game machine. When the electric power supply is started and a movable body is operated, an end notification for suggesting or reporting that the operation is ended is executed. On the other hand, when the specific function is actuated and the movable body is operated, the end notification is not executed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2024011431-A (JP)
Title: 遊技機
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2022-07-14
Abstract: 【課題】リーチ演出のタイトル表示に関連して演出効果を高めた遊技機を提供すること。 
【解決手段】演出制御用ＣＰＵ１２０は、画像表示装置５に表示される飾り図柄がリーチ態様となった後、スーパーリーチ演出を実行可能である。スーパーリーチ演出は、対応するタイトル文字を表示させるタイトル表示パートと、演出結果が報知されるまでの導入パートと、を含んで構成される。そして、スーパーリーチ演出におけるタイトル表示パートの前に飾り図柄をリーチ態様で表示させ、タイトル表示パートにおいて、リーチ態様となった飾り図柄の表示位置を用いるようにスーパーリーチ演出に対応するタイトル文字を表示させる。 
【選択図】図１１－３２
Patent JP-2022136224-A (JP)
Title: Target, method for survey, and program
IPC: G01C15/06
Filed: 2022-07-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily perform a measurement for correcting a measuring function of a total station and a total station and a complicated laser scanner. 
     SOLUTION: A target 100 includes: a measurement target object with a three-dimensional structure; and a reflection prism 101. The reflection prism 101 is arranged in the top position of the three-dimensional structure and the reflection prism 101 has an optical center, which is also the apparent center of prism in refraction of light and is the position where light entering the reflection prism 101 is reflected. The top position of the three-dimensional structure and the position of the optical center of the reflection prism 101 agree to each other or apparently agree to each other. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2022,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022172173-A (JP)
Title: Image editing model training method and device, image editing method and device, electronic apparatus, storage medium and computer program
Inventor: Peng Haotian
IPC: G06T11/80
Filed: 2022-08-19
Abstract: To provide an image editing model training method, an image editing method and device, an electronic apparatus, a storage medium and a program which improve the efficiency of image editing.SOLUTION: An image editing model training method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a training sample set; selecting a description text sample and an image sample from the training sample set; determining a text direction vector based on the selected description text sample and a predetermined text template; inputting the text direction vector into a mapping network of an image editing model to obtain a bias vector; determining an image direction vector based on the selected image sample and the bias vector; calculating a loss value based on the text direction vector and the image direction vector; and determining that the training of the image editing model is completed in response to the loss value meeting a threshold condition.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2022167958-A (JP)
Title: Managing response to icing threat
IPC: B64D15/04
Filed: 2022-08-24
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anti-ice system for an aircraft. 
     SOLUTION: A system includes one or more sensors that are configured to generate data indicative of one or more of size, a shape, density and a type of air borne particles in the vicinity of an aircraft. The one or more sensors are coupled to a data conditioner that is configured to prepare the data for processing. The data conditioner is coupled to a reasoner that is configured to determine, from the data, severity of an icing threat to an airframe, at least one engine, and at least one air data probe. One or more controllers are coupled to the reasoner. The one or more controllers automatically operate an anti-icing mechanism for at least one of the at least one engine, the airframe, and the at least one air data probe depending on the icing threats determined by the reasoner. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022174217-A (JP)
Inventor: HIDAKA JUNJI
IPC: C07K16/00
Filed: 2022-09-12
Abstract: 【課題】ろ過が困難な抗体を精製可能な抗体の精製方法を提供する。【解決手段】抗体を含む溶液を用意することと、再生セルロースを含む多孔質中空糸膜であって、弾性限界圧力が２００ｋＰａ以上である多孔質中空糸膜を用いて溶液をろ過し、抗体を精製することと、を含む、抗体の精製方法。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2023166952-A (JP)
Title: 通知及びアプリケーション情報を提供するためのデバイス、方法、及びグラフィカルユーザインタフェース
IPC: G06F3/0481
Filed: 2022-09-22
Abstract: 【課題】より高速、かつ、効率的にステータス情報を閲覧し、アプリケーションを制御するための制御にアクセスする。【解決手段】コンピュータシステムは、１つ以上の入力を検出して、第１のイベントに係る第１のアプリケーションからの更新をサブスクライブし、第２のイベントに係る第２のアプリケーションからの更新をサブスクライブする。第１のイベントがアクティブで且つ第２のイベントがアクティブでないとき、ユーザインタフェースの第１の領域に第１のイベントの第１の表現を表示し、第１のアプリケーションの更新に基づいて第１のイベントの第１の表現に含まれる第１の情報を更新する。第２のイベントがアクティブで且つ第１のイベントがアクティブでない場合、ユーザインタフェースの第１の領域に第２のイベントの第２の表現を表示し、第２のアプリケーションの更新に基づいて第２のイベントの第２の表現に含まれる第２の情報を更新する。【選択図】図１３Ａ
Patent JP-2022179565-A (JP)
Title: System and information processing device
IPC: G07B15/00
Filed: 2022-09-28
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to automatically collect a charge without providing a tollgate or a ticket gate. 
     SOLUTION: An information processing device includes a point specifying unit. The point specifying unit specifies a charging point through which a mobile unit has passed using first position information that is position information of the mobile unit based on data obtained by a positioning unit mounted on the mobile unit. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022179619-A (JP)
Title: VCSEL module
IPC: H01S5/022
Filed: 2022-10-05
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a VCSEL module in which the VCSEL and switching elements are integrated and the VCSEL module can be miniaturized. 
     SOLUTION: A VCSEL module 150 has a VCSEL 316, a switching element 315 for the VCSEL 316 located under the VCSEL 316 and electrically connected to the VCSEL 316, a substrate 312 located under the switching element 315 and electrically connected to the switching element 315. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022179753-A (JP)
Title: Pipe joint assembling method
IPC: F16L21/08
Filed: 2022-10-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pipe joint assembling method which can rigidly fix a spigot pipe part and a socket pipe part by a simple constitution. 
     SOLUTION: A pipe joint assembling method comprises: a first process for fitting a ring member 31 into an annular recess 20a which is formed at an external peripheral face of a spigot pipe part 20; a second process for inserting a withdrawal member 32 having an annular integrated structure from a side of a first end part 20b of the spigot pipe part 20, and making it abut on a first side face 31a of the ring member 31; a third process for inserting an annular member 33 having an integrated structure from a side of a second end part 20c at a side opposite to the first end part 20b of the spigot pipe part 20, and making it abut on the withdrawal member 32; and a fourth process for inserting the second end part 20c of the spigot pipe part 20 into a socket pipe part 21, and fastening a flange part 21a, the annular member 33 and the withdrawal member 32 by a fastening member 35. By the abutment of a second side face 31b at a side opposite to the first side face 31a of the ring member 31 on the annular member 33, the movement of the spigot pipe part 20 to a direction in which the spigot pipe part is inserted into the socket pipe part 21 is regulated. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023001145-A (JP)
Title: Semiconductor device
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 2022-10-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a DCDC converter which achieves improvement in power conversion efficiency. 
     SOLUTION: A semiconductor device includes: a transistor which functions as a switching element for controlling output power and comprises a back gate electrode for controlling a threshold voltage in addition to a normal gate electrode; and a back gate control circuit for controlling a level of a voltage applied to the back gate electrode according to a magnitude of an output voltage output from a DCDC converter. By controlling potential applied to the back gate electrode by the back gate control circuit, the threshold voltage can be adjusted in such a manner that on-resistance is decreased when the output power is large and the threshold voltage can be adjusted in such a manner that an off-state current is decreased when the output power is small. in addition, the transistor functioning as the switching element is an insulated gate filed effect transistor having an extremely small off-state current. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023015085-A (JP)
Title: Substrate holder for use in lithographic apparatus
IPC: H01L21/683
Filed: 2022-10-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a substrate holder for use in a lithographic apparatus. 
     SOLUTION: Multiple support elements project from a main body surface, where each support element has a distal end surface configured to support a substrate. A seal unit may include a first seal positioned radially outward of and surrounding the multiple support elements. An upper surface of the first seal member may have a contact region configured to contact the substrate during loading and/or unloading of the substrate. A position of the substrate contact region may be arranged at such a distance from the multiple support elements that during the unloading of the substrate a force applied to the first seal member by the substrate is greater than a force applied to the multiple support elements by the substrate. A profile of the contact region, in a cross section through the seal member in the radial direction, has a shape configured such that during the unloading of the substrate the substrate contacts the seal member via at least two different points of the profile. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023009081-A (JP)
Title: Band piece, band and watch
IPC: A44C5/10
Filed: 2022-10-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a band piece that can be simplified in a structure and can be light-weighted, a band formed by connecting them, and a watch comprising them. 
     SOLUTION: A band piece includes: a first piece strip 6 including a protrusion 10 protruded into one end 6a of the piece connection direction, and a connecting recess 11 provided so that the protrusion 10 can be arranged in the other end 6b; a second piece strip 7 for covering the first piece strip 6 except a back side of this first piece strip 6; and a pin member 8 for connecting the first piece strip 6 with the second piece strip 7, and connecting with the other band piece 5. Accordingly, the first piece strip 6 can be covered with the second piece strip except the back side, and the first piece strip 6 and the second piece strip 7 can be connected by the pin member 8 in this state, so that parts count is reduced, and a structure is simple and can be assembled easily, and also only the second piece strip 7 is formed of metal, and thereby the band piece 5 can be light-weighted with a sense of quality. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023011736-A (JP)
Title: Nucleic acid-encapsulating aav empty particles
IPC: C12N7/01
Filed: 2022-10-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for encapsulating a nucleic acid in empty particles more easily and efficiently. 
     SOLUTION: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing nucleic acid-encapsulating empty particles of the adeno-associated virus (AAV), the method comprising the following steps of: (a) preparing a nucleic acid comprising (i) at least three sequences of A region-D' region of AAV ITR or (ii) sequences complementary to the A region-D' region; (b) introducing the nucleic acid of (a) to cells producing the empty particles of AAV; and (c) culturing the cells of (b). 
     SELECTED DRAWING: None 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023068659-A (JP)
Title: Electroluminescent material and device
Inventor: DAI ZHIHONG
IPC: C07F15/00
Filed: 2022-11-01
Abstract: To disclose an electroluminescent material and device.SOLUTION: An electroluminescent material is a metal complex containing a ligand represented by Formula 1 and can be used as light-emitting materials in electroluminescent devices. These novel metal complexes allow effective adjustment and control of an emission wavelength, can lower a driving voltage of the electroluminescent device and greatly improve the current efficiency, power efficiency and EQE of the electroluminescent device, improve a service life of the device, and can provide better device performance.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023001333-A (JP)
Title: Occupant protection system including expandable curtain and/or expandable bladder
IPC: B60R21/2338
Filed: 2022-11-10
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an occupant protection system for protecting an occupant of a vehicle during a collision involving the vehicle. 
     SOLUTION: An occupant protection system comprises: an expandable curtain comprising a first side, a second side that is separated from the first side, and a transverse portion extending between the first side and the second side; a first inflator configured to inflate the expandable curtain from a first stowed state to a first deployed state; an expandable bladder configured to nest between the first side of the expandable curtain and the second side of the expandable curtain; and a second inflator configured to inflate the expandable bladder from a second stowed state to a second deployed state, the first inflator being different from the second inflator. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2023075062-A (JP)
Title: Golf ball
Inventor: MOCHIZUKI TAKENOBU
IPC: A63B37/00
Filed: 2022-11-16
Abstract: SOLUTION: To provide a golf ball which is constituted by providing an intermediate layer between a core and a cover layer, in which the cover layer is formed of a resin material having polyurethane or polyurea as a main component, a value of lightness (Li) of a surface of a sphere (an intermediate layer covering sphere) where the core is covered with the intermediate layer is 25 or more according to an L*a*b* color system of JIS Z8781, and visible area light transmittance of the cover layer is 0.6% or more.EFFECT: A golf ball has a characteristic aesthetic appearance on a ball surface, maintains excellent spin performance and scuff resistance, and is useful for a professional player and an advanced level player.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2023086119-A (JP)
Title: Device and method for handling reception of multicast broadcast service transmission and small data transmission
Inventor: Lin rong mao
IPC: H04W72/56
Filed: 2022-12-07
Abstract: To provide handling a reception of a multicast broadcast service (MBS) transmission and a small data transmission (STD).SOLUTION: A communication device for handling a reception of a multicast broadcast service (MBS) transmission and a small data transmission (SDT) includes: triggering the SDT with a network, when at least one triggering condition is satisfied, in which the at least one triggering condition comprises that the communication device is not receiving first downlink (DL) data associated with the MBS transmission; transmitting uplink (UL) data associated with the SDT to the network or receiving second DL data associated with the SDT from the network; and receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message from the network to terminate the SDT.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3
Patent JP-2023026759-A (JP)
Title: Cartridge reproduction method, cartridge reproduction system, and cartridge
Inventor: SHIMIZU HIROKI
IPC: G03G21/18
Filed: 2022-12-12
Abstract: To provide a more simple and accurate method for assembling an information recording member during cartridge reproduction.SOLUTION: There is provided, a method for reproducing a cartridge detachably attached to an image forming apparatus body. A first cartridge before reproduction has a first storage member and a first frame body having a first attachment part to which the first storage member is attached. A second cartridge B2 after reproduction has a second storage member 80 and a second frame body 71 having a second attachment part 90g to which the second storage member 80 is attached. The first attachment part is formed integrally with the first frame body. The second frame body 71 is manufactured by attaching the second attachment part 90g to a removed part 71f of the first frame body from which the first attachment part is removed. The second attachment part 90g is located at the removed part 71f by using remaining shape parts 71g, 71h remaining on the first frame body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2023097389-A (JP)
Title: Resin laminate, metal-clad laminate, circuit board, electronic device and electronic apparatus
Inventor: IKEDA TOMOYA
IPC: C08G73/10
Filed: 2022-12-13
Abstract: To provide: a resin laminate of a polyimide resin, which has all of excellent heat resistance, dimensional stability typified by a thermal expansion coefficient, flexibility, adhesiveness, and high transparency, and in particular a suppressed increase in HAZE; and a metal-clad laminate and a circuit board including the same.SOLUTION: A resin laminate contains: at least two non-thermoplastic polyimide layers 2 having a thickness in a range of 12 μm or more and 200 μm or less, a total light transmittance of 80% or more, a Haze of 2% or less, having a layer constitution symmetric in the thickness direction with reference to the center of the thickness direction, and being composed of a non-thermoplastic polyimide; and at least three thermoplastic polyimide layers 1, 1' composed of thermoplastic polyimide, wherein the non-thermoplastic polyimide layers are laminated between the two thermoplastic polyimide layers and the outermost layer of the resin laminate is formed of a thermoplastic polyimide layer with glass-transition temperature of 250°C or more. A metal-clad laminate 6 includes the resin laminate and a metal layer 5.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2023103967-A (JP)
Title: Image processing device, image processing method and image processing program
Inventor: WATANABE HIRONOBU
IPC: G06Q50/26
Filed: 2022-12-16
Abstract: To provide an image processing device, an image processing method and an image processing program capable of improving examination efficiency.SOLUTION: An image processing device (an information processing device 100) includes: an application information acquisition part 11 for acquiring application image data, the image data of application documents of at least one attribute out of an application form containing application information of an applicant out of application documents submitted by the applicant and a certificate of the applicant; and an image processing part 30 determining the attribute of the application documents represented by the application image data, performing image processing of the application image data according to the attribute, and generating examination image data for use in examination of a content of the application information.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2
Patent JP-2023040070-A (JP)
Title: Target cell capture filter and target cell trapping method
IPC: G01N1/10
Filed: 2022-12-23
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a target cell capture filter for simply, efficiently and separately trapping a target cell contained in a biological sample such as blood in a short time that has improved a capture ratio per unit area. 
     SOLUTION: A target cell capture filter which has a capture surface capturing a target cell in liquid includes a plurality of notches which cause a part of the capture surface to elastically deform in the direction perpendicular to the capture surface and to form a gap. At least a part of the plurality of notches are a first group of notches whose shortest distances from a maximum deformation part of the notches to an outer edge of the capture surface vary from one another, and which have equal elastic deformation quantities with respect to impulse per unit area. 
     SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 
     COPYRIGHT: (C)2023,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2022538926-A (JP)
Title: Ｒａｎタンパク質関連神経学的疾患を処置するための方法
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2020-07-02
Abstract: 本開示の側面は、特定の神経変性疾患、例えばアルツハイマー病（ＡＤ）などのリピート関連非ＡＴＧ（ＲＡＮ）翻訳タンパク質に関連する疾患の診断および／または処置のための組成物および方法に関する。いくつかの態様において、本開示は、リピート関連非ＡＴＧ（ＲＡＮ）翻訳タンパク質（例えば、ＲＡＮタンパク質）の発現または活性を検出することにより、ＲＡＮタンパク質関連疾患を有する対象を同定することに関する。いくつかの態様において、本開示は、それを必要とする対象に、ＲＡＮタンパク質の発現または活性を低下させる剤を投与することにより、ＲＡＮタンパク質関連疾患を処置する方法に関する。
Patent JP-2022539861-A (JP)
Title: 細胞培養を増強するための組成物および方法
IPC: C12N1/00
Filed: 2020-07-06
Abstract: 本明細書では、細胞培養方法およびそれに関連する組成物の改良が提供される。一部具体的には、本明細書では、細胞分裂時間および生存率を増加させる組成物および方法、ならびにキットが提供される。また、本明細書では、エレクトロポレーションを実行するための組成物および方法が提供され、高レベルのエレクトロポレーション効率が達成され、細胞に対するエレクトロポレーションの有害な影響が減少する。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2022541656-A (JP)
Title: 自由空間推定のためのシステムおよび方法
IPC: G06V20/58
Filed: 2020-07-24
Abstract: センサ雑音、センサ可用性、障害物高、およびセンサからの障害物の距離を考慮することを含む、表面上で進行する自律車両と関連付けられる点群データにおいて自由空間を推定し、自由空間確率を割り当てるためのシステムおよび方法。システムおよび方法は、他の因子の中でもとりわけ、表面平面を決定し、点が表面平面上にあるかどうかに従って、点群点を分類することを含むことができる。いくつかの構成では、センサは、自律車両を囲繞する面積を走査し、事前選択された角度に及ぶ表面からの円錐におけるデータを収集することができる。本方法は、点群データを第１の事前選択されたサイズのセグメントにセグメント化することと、点群データ内の平面、平面内の平面点、および平面点のうちの少なくとも１つと関連付けられる非平面点を位置特定することとを含むことができる。