baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20030028195-A (KR)
Title: Automatic exchanging apparatus of wringer roll for chromium plating
Inventor: KOOG JUNG YEOL
IPC: C23C2/00
Filed: 2001-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: An automatic exchanging apparatus of wringer roll for chromium coating is provided to reduce time and labor required in wringer roll exchanging operation by automatically exchanging the damaged wringer roll when a wringer roll is damaged. CONSTITUTION: The automatic exchanging apparatus of wringer roll for chromium coating comprises a base(14) installed on the bottom of facility so that the base(14) is moved in a width direction of strip (S) by cylinder; an arm(12) installed on the base(14) so that the arm(12) is rotated toward the strip (S) by cylinder(19); a bearing block comprising a block body fixed to the end of the arm(12) and a block cover removably mounted on the block body by means of a locking member to rotationally support both ends of a wringer roll (R); a semicircular wringer roll stationary stand positioned on a rotational path of the bearing block, rotated by cylinder(34) and equipped with an electromagnet; and a wringer roll supply belt on the upper surface of which a groove is formed so that a plurality of new wringer rolls (R) are received into the groove, and which is proceeded toward the wringer roll stationary stand by a driving motor.
Patent KR-20030027374-A (KR)
Title: device for injecting liquid additive in top-loading washing machine
Inventor: JANG JAE WON
IPC: D06F39/02
Filed: 2001-09-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for injecting liquid additive for a washing machine is provided to prevent water from flowing backward, and supply a liquid additive to a precise position. CONSTITUTION: A device for injecting liquid additive for a washing machine includes a first chamber(100) located at one side of a top cover(2) for storing a liquid additive injected initially, a second chamber(200) provided at a side of an outer tub cover immediately below the first chamber and storing a liquid additive introduced from the first chamber by a chamber guide(201) slant upwardly, and an injection tube(300) protruded at a lower part of the second chamber downwardly for forming a predetermined space.
Patent KR-20030028874-A (KR)
Title: A response improving device for cvvt(continuous variable valve timing) device of engine
Inventor: SUNG GWAN GYEONG
IPC: F01L1/34
Filed: 2001-10-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A response improving structure is provided to achieve improved performance and fuel efficiency of engine by allowing for utilization of continuous variable valve timing(CVVT) device in a wide area of engine operation. CONSTITUTION: A response improving structure comprises a rotating force applying unit for constantly applying rotating force in the direction of advancing a rotor(106-1) of a valve timing controller(106). The rotating force apply unit is constituted by a torsion spring(10) mounted between the rotor and a case unit(106-2) of the valve timing controller. The torsion spring has one end(10-2) wound into coils(10-1) and connected to the case unit of the valve timing controller and the other end(10-3) connected to the rotor of the valve timing controller.
Patent KR-20030029184-A (KR)
Title: arthroscopic sheath with a probing tip
Inventor: KIM JEE HYOUNG
IPC: A61B1/00
Filed: 2001-10-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sheath with a probe is provided to allow for ease of medical operation without increasing the inner diameter of the sheath. CONSTITUTION: An arthroscope sheath has a protrusion arranged at an end of the sheath so as to serve as a probe. The sheath is specially useful when the need for pushing the semilunar cartilage of the patient backward arises during the suture of the semilunar cartilage. As a consequence, it is possible to reduce time and labor taken for the medical operation through the use of the sheath with the protrusion serving as a probe.
Patent KR-20030031232-A (KR)
Title: Method for searching phone numbers in personal terminal
Inventor: KIM YEONG UNG
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 2001-10-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for searching telephone numbers of a portable terminal is provided to search desired telephone numbers by a user, using minimum keys in a telephone number database of the portable terminal. CONSTITUTION: If a quick search is requested(S105), a controller displays a list of telephone numbers(S110). The controller detects whether a page move key is inputted(S115). If so, the controller moves to a corresponding page and displays the page(S120), and if not inputted, the controller detects whether an item move key is inputted(S125). If so, the controller moves a telephone number selection cursor to a corresponding item(S130), and if not inputted, the controller detects whether a numerical key is inputted(S135). If so, the controller moves to a page including a corresponding numerical address and displays the page(S140), and if not inputted, the controller detects whether a send key is inputted(S145). If inputted, the controller automatically dials to a telephone number of an address in which a telephone number search cursor is located(S150), and if not inputted, the controller detects whether a confirmation key is inputted(S155). If so, the controller modifies or deletes a telephone number according to a key operation of a user(S160), and if not inputted, the controller performs a corresponding operation(S165).
Patent KR-20030017287-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for dry treatment of waste
Inventor: KAWASAKI SEIJI
IPC: B02C13/16
Filed: 2001-10-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A drying treatment device for waste or the like is provided to prevent wastes from adhering to a wall surface and make the device compact. CONSTITUTION: A first chamber(1) is provided with a treatment tank and a waste input passage(2). A suction pipe(6) is attached to the upper side of the first chamber(1) and communicates with a vacuum pump. The treatment tank is provided with an oil heater and a stirring unit for stirring food sewage, which is a waste in the treatment tank. The treatment tank is divided into first to fifth tanks in a vertical direction by the oil heater. The stirring unit is an end mill of a self rotation type which is attached to a rotary shaft vertically rotating in the first and fifth tanks.
Patent KR-20030039097-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI JEONG DEOK
IPC: B01D53/75
Filed: 2001-11-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a methane gas refinery system for obtaining highly purified methane gas which is a promising clean energy, from bio gas from a garbage disposing system or a landfill. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises a desulfurizing apparatus(3) for desulfurizing methane gas using iron hydroxide, a cooling apparatus(2) for cooling the desulfurized methane gas, a methane purifying apparatus for purifying methane using two-step separated tanks(21,22) and fine activated carbon in a way of pressure fluctuation, wherein the activated carbon is filled in one tank(210) which is used for adsorbing carbon dioxide in the methane gas and the methane gas is collected in the other tank(22) via the activated carbon filled tank(21).
Patent KR-20030040994-A (KR)
Title: Structure for airtightness for a window glass of a rear door
Inventor: KIM HO UNG
IPC: B60J10/04
Filed: 2001-11-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: Sealing structure of a window glass for a rear door is provided to prevent noise, to reduce assembling process, and to improve appearance by sealing efficiently with integrally forming a glass run channel with a weather strip. CONSTITUTION: A glass run channel guides up-and-down movement of a main window glass(10) in a rear door frame, and a weather strip covers a quarter window glass(20) fixed in the rear door frame for sealing. A sealing unit(100) of the window glass of the rear door is manufactured by integrally forming the glass run channel and the weather strip. A reinforcing member(110) is inserted to the sealing unit to fix and support the sealing unit and guide motion of the main window glass, and composed of guide parts(111) fitting ends of the main window glass and the quarter window glass and a steel supporting part(112) integrally formed with the guide parts. Friction is minimized by coating the sealing unit with urethane(101,102), and noise is prevented by integrally forming the sealing unit.
Patent KR-20030041501-A (KR)
Title: Method for providing and certificating contents by using water mark
Inventor: LEE YUN HO
IPC: H04N5/913
Filed: 2001-11-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for providing and authenticating contents using a watermark is provided to chase the original unauthorized reproducer by using a specific key compounded with contents and prevent illegal copy by noticing that the illegal copy is traced. CONSTITUTION: A terminal of a user requests contents to the corresponding contents provider(S201). A web server judges whether the user is an authorized user(S202). A key generating server generates data for authentication including a specific key in one data field type(S204). The data for authentication is stored at a database server(S205). A contents compounding server compounds the specific key with contents wanted by the user(S206). The compounded data is transmitted to the terminal of the user(S207). The transmitted data is displayed by a browser of the terminal or stored at a storage space of the terminal(S208).
Patent KR-20030028355-A (KR)
Title: Large cargo ship
Inventor: SATO KAZUNORI
IPC: B63B43/10
Filed: 2001-11-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a large transport ship, which can solve a problem regarding the change of draught caused according to a loading condition of cargoes without using ballast water. CONSTITUTION: When the shape of a ship's bottom 1a from a bow 1h to a stern 1t is seen in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the ship's bottom 1a, it is convergently tapered toward a center CL in a width direction of the ship's bottom.
Patent KR-20030042773-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JONG HYON
IPC: F16L21/00
Filed: 2001-11-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of a resin pipe connecting socket by using a flexible pipe and structure thereof are provided to connect resin pipes evenly, and to prevent leakage by integrally bonding the resin pipe to the flexible pipe expanding and contracting with heating a stainless hot wire in supplying power to a copper ring. CONSTITUTION: A round flexible pipe(4) is extruded, and cut with 40 -100 cm. Holes are formed at both sides of the flexible pipe, and copper rings(6,6') are installed inside the flexible pipe. Stainless steel hot wires(7) are arranged circumferentially and connected to thick round copper rings. Copper rings are inserted to the flexible pipe, and rotated by a forming roller. A connecting socket(1) is manufactured by integrally fitting the copper rings and the stainless steel hot wires to the flexible pipe. Resin pipes are bonded firmly in the connecting socket by expanding and contracting the flexible pipe in heating the stainless steel hot wire.
Patent KR-20030044187-A (KR)
Title: Multipurpose display stand
Inventor: KIM YEONG GEUN
IPC: A47B57/00
Filed: 2001-11-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a display stand for multiple use which lets a case containing Kimchi moved to a mobile rack within a Kimchi refrigerator easily to shorten users' distance in moving so that it helps to relieve users' fatigue. CONSTITUTION: The display stand for multiple use is characterized by comprising the parts of: a support(10) which consists of a bottom frame(20) into which the Kimchi refrigerator with plural doors comes and a vertical frame(30) to keep proper height from the bottom frame upwardly; and the mobile rack(50) which is horizontally moved by a mobile tool(40) to get the doors rotated and then to open not less than one door among the doors.
Patent KR-20030048619-A (KR)
Title: Read-ahead shared data using global lock patterns
Inventor: PARK SEON YEONG
IPC: G06F15/16
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for first outputting shared data using a global lock pattern on a shared file system is provided to reduce a process delay time of a file system by previously reading and offering the shared data from a memory of other host or a disk of the shared file system when the global lock for reading and writing the shared data is requested from the host. CONSTITUTION: The shared file system of the host requests the global lock for the shared data through a global lock manager. The global lock manager finds out a block allotting the shared data requested from the host by receiving the global lock request. The global lock manager increases a count for the allotted block of the shared data requested by the host one by one. The global lock manager reads the shared data from the memory or the disk of the host having the allotted block of the shared data. The shared data is transmitted to the host.
Patent KR-20030048333-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus being capable of controlling size of document to be printed
Inventor: SHIN SEONG RYONG
IPC: B41J15/00
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for driving a printer are provided to prevent papers from being mismatched by automatically adjusting a size of a document according to a size of a printing paper. CONSTITUTION: A size of a printing paper is read(10). Then, it is determined whether or not a size of the printing paper is identical to a size of a document(12). If the size of the printing paper does not match with the size of the document, the size of the document is adjusted in match with the size of the printing paper by processing printing data given by a user(14). If the size of the printing paper matches with the size of the document, printing data given by the user are transmitted into a printer(18). Then, the printer performs a printing work based on printing data.
Patent KR-20030049364-A (KR)
Inventor: JU WON JAE
IPC: H04L27/22
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A QPSK receiver is provided to obtain an improved band margin and improve a frequency characteristic by applying a baseband interpolator to the QPSK receiver and forming a symbol recovery loop of a short block. CONSTITUTION: A delay/Hilbert filter(302) receives a complex signal from an A/D converter(301) and generates an I and a Q signal. A complex multiplier(303) is used for demodulating the I and the Q signals by using a tone signal received from a carrier recovery portion(306). A baseband interpolator(304) receives the I and the Q signals from the complex multiplier and interpolates a sample by using an offset value received from a mask flag generator(308). An SQRC filter(305) is used for filtering the interpolated I and Q signals. A timing recovery portion(307) detects and accumulates timing errors to generate a DC offset. The mask flag generator is used for generating a mask flag for a timing offset value and a mask clock.
Patent KR-20030049894-A (KR)
Title: Switching control circuit using an electric fuse
Inventor: HONG SUN YANG
IPC: H03K17/00
Filed: 2001-12-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A switching control circuit using an electric fuse is provided to control a resistance value and the current amount of a current mirror circuit without damages of internal circuits of a semiconductor device by using the electric fuse. CONSTITUTION: A switching control circuit includes a fuse resistance(15), the first switching element(Q4), the second switching element(Q5), a latch circuit(12), and a buffer circuit(11). The first switching element includes the first terminal connected to the fuse resistance, a control terminal for receiving a fusing signal, and the second terminal for receiving a supply voltage. The second switching element includes the first terminal connected to the fuse resistance and the second terminal connected to the control terminal of the first switching element to receive the fusing signal. The latch circuit latches an input voltage and inverts the latched voltage. The buffer circuit transmits an output of the latch circuit to an internal circuit of a semiconductor device. The fuse resistance is fused after the first and the second switching elements are turned off.
Patent KR-20030053309-A (KR)
Title: A wafer polishing apparatus
Inventor: KIM JIN HWAN
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2001-12-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for polishing a semiconductor wafer is provided to improve polishing efficiency of the wafer by making slurry freely move along a fine hole and a flexible groove that are formed in a pad of a polishing apparatus, and to improve productivity by effectively cleaning and removing the slurry in the fine hole of the pad in a dressing process. CONSTITUTION: An upper pad(32) has a plurality of fine holes for planarizing the surface of the wafer during a semiconductor fabricating process. A lower pad is attached to the lower surface of the upper pad. A table(15) on which the upper pad and the lower pad are formed rotates. A slurry tube supplies slurry as a chemical polishing agent, installed over the upper pad. Flexible grooves(33) that are connected to each other are formed in the upper pad, connected to the fine holes.
Patent KR-20030057686-A (KR)
Title: Liquid crystal displaying computer
Inventor: CHOI TAE SU
IPC: G06F3/14
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A computer for an LCD is provided to share the information of a computer system by installing a pair of LCD monitors and other respective peripheral devices to one computer system. CONSTITUTION: A computer main body(10) includes a main board having a CPU and various kinds of cards on each slot. The first and the second LCD(21,22) are connected to the computer main body(10). The first and the second input tool(31,32) respectively display the desired information through the first and the second LCD(21,22) by inputting a constant signal through the computer main body(10). The first and the second input tool(31,32) respectively comprise a keyboard and a mouse. Thus, the computer system shares the information of the system through respective LCDs(21,22).
Patent KR-20030057828-A (KR)
Title: Gas supplying device for gas oven range
Inventor: KIM HYEONG JONG
IPC: F24C3/00
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A gas supply device is provided to allow for a sufficient supply of gas even when the valve body and the gas inlet portion have positions deviating from each other. CONSTITUTION: A gas supply device comprises a mixing pipe(10) having an inlet portion(12) for supplying gas to a burner; a holder(30) having a hollow portion where the inlet portion is positioned, and a gas supply portion having an exit for supplying gas to the inlet portion and an entrance hole communicated to the exit, wherein the holder is fixed at the front surface of the mixing pipe in such a manner that the exit of the gas supply portion is disposed at the front surface of the inlet portion; a pipe(22) for supplying gas to the entrance hole of the holder; and a valve(20) connected to the pipe, and which supplies gas.
Patent KR-20030059481-A (KR)
Title: An enhanced flexibility modified-epoxy compound and the preparing method thereof
Inventor: KWON O WON
IPC: C08L63/10
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A modified epoxy resin composition for a powdered paint and its preparation method are provided, to improve the bending property and to enhance the adhesive strength and the glass transition temperature of a cured coat by increasing the crosslinking density. CONSTITUTION: The modified epoxy resin composition comprises 100 parts by weight of an epoxy resin; 3-10 parts by weight of a dicyandiamide curing agent; 5-30 parts by weight of a pigment; 0.1-0.6 parts by weight of a curing promoter; and 1-5 parts by weight of a common additive. The epoxy resin is prepared by dispersing a core cell rubber to a bisphenol-type epoxy resin to prepare a core cell rubber-modified epoxy resin; adding an isocyanate compound to the obtained core cell rubber-modified epoxy resin to prepare an isocyanate-core cell rubber-modified epoxy resin containing an oxazolidone ring at the epoxy main chain; and adding a polyfunctional amine compound to the obtained one to generate a branch to the core cell rubber-modified epoxy resin main chain; and has a number average molecular weight of 500-2,000, an epoxy equivalence of 250-1,000 g/eq, a softening point of 80-140 deg.C and a viscosity of 7-40 poise (175 deg.C).
Patent KR-20010082079-A (KR)
IPC: H01M10/48
Filed: 2000-06-12
Abstract: 본 발명은, 전극 및 이온전도체를 구비한 전기화학 소자의 열화 검출 방법이며, 전기화학 소자의 전기화학 특성을 검출하고, 얻어진 값을 전기화학 소자의 표준 전기화학 특성과 비교하여 전기화학 소자의 열화 정도를 추정한다.  이에 따라 이차전지 등의 전기화학 소자의 열화 정도 및 잔류용량을 높은 정밀도로 검출할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010072405-A (KR)
Title: 용접합금 및 용접용 제품, 용접재 및 용접재의 제조방법
IPC: B23K35/30
Filed: 2000-05-03
Abstract: 본 발명은 용착금속의 제조에 사용하기 위한 니켈, 크롬, 철 합금에 관한 것으로서, 상기 합금은 약 27 내지 31.5 중량%의 크롬; 약 7 내지 11 중량%의 철; 약 0.005 내지 0.05 중량%의 탄소; 약 1.0 중량% 이하의 망간, 바람직하게는 0.30 내지 0.95 중량%의 망간; 약 0.60 내지 0.95 중량%의 니오븀; 0.50 중량% 이하의 규소, 바람직하게는 0.10 내지 0.30 중량%의 규소; 0.01 내지 0.35 중량%의 티탄; 0.01 내지 0.25 중량%의 알루미늄; 0.20 중량% 이하의 구리; 1.0 중량% 이하의 텅스텐; 1.0 중량% 이하의 몰리브덴; 0.12 중량% 이하의 코발트; 0.10 중량% 이하의 탄탈; 약 0.10 중량% 이하의 지르코늄, 바람직하게는 0.002 내지 0.10 중량%의 지르코늄; 약 0.01 중량% 이하의 황; 약 0.01 중량% 이하의 붕소, 바람직하게는 0.001 내지 0.01 중량%의 붕소; 약 0.02 중량% 이하의 인; 및 나머지로 니켈과 부수적인 불순물을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010079934-A (KR)
IPC: E02F9/22
Filed: 2000-07-27
Abstract: 전회 연산한 밸브지령치(Y-1)가 중립영역(±α)에 있는지 판정하고, Yes에서는 중립불감대역 밸브지령치 연산처리를 행하고, No에서는 구동영역 밸브지령치 연산처리를 행한다.  후자의 경우, 레버지령치(X)와 전회의 밸브지령치(Y-1)를 사용하여 가속시, 감속·정지시, 역레버시인지의 조작상황을 판정하여 감속시, 감속·정지시, 역레버시의 최대 설정속도를 각각의 함수(ΔY =fmax1(X)) 등으로 부터 연산하고, 조작신호의 변화속도를 그 최대 변화속도 이하로 규제한 제어신호를 연산하고, 그 제어신호에 의해 유량제어밸브(3)를 제어한다.  이에 의하여 전기적인 조작신호로 유량제어밸브를 제어하여 액츄에이터의 동작을 제어하는 유압구동장치에 있어서 가속시, 감속·정지시, 역레버조작시의 어느 조작상황에 있더라도 최적의 최대 변화속도로 유량제어밸브를 제어할 수 있게 된다.
Patent KR-20010101161-A (KR)
Title: 페룰의 제조방법
IPC: C25D1/02
Filed: 2001-01-12
Abstract: 금속, 플라스틱 등의 선(9)의 1개, 또는 복수개를 모형으로 사용하여, 전기주조하고 나서 선(9)을 제거하는 페룰의 제조방법에 있어서, 선(9)을 직선형상의 길이 방향을 유지한 상태로써 회전시키면서 전기주조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 페룰의 제조방법을 채용하고 있다. 
     그리고, 이러한 방법에 기초하여, 전기주조품의 두께의 편중, 굴곡이 없어지고, 그에 따라 전기주조품의 구멍의 편심이 거의 없어져, 전기주조후의 막대 형상의 반제품의 단면이 완전한 원형을 얻을 수 있어, 굵기의 불균일도 감소시킬 수 있고, 또한 전기주조액의 교반에 액을 회전시켜 흐르게 하는 방법 등을 채용함으로써 교반을 용이하게 할 수 있으며, 또한 전기주조작업환경의 악화를 방지할 수가 있다.
Patent KR-20010101854-A (KR)
Title: 광중합가능한 비닐 에테르 기재 단량체 제제 및 특정 신규스피로오르토카르보네이트를 함유할 수 있는 중합가능한조성물
IPC: A61K6/891
Filed: 1999-09-01
Abstract: 비닐 에테르; 및 요오도늄염, 가시 광선 감광제 및 전자 공여 화합물을 포함하는 광개시제계의 반응 생성물인 광중합가능한 조성물을 제공한다.  이러한 단량체성/올리고머성 조성물은 에폭시드, 폴리올 및 스피로오르토카르보네이트를 포함할 수 있다.  본 발명의 한 실시 태양은 비닐 에테르, 스피로오르토카르보네이트 및 광개시제계를 포함하는 광중합가능한 조성물이다.  본 발명의 다른 실시 태양은 비닐 에테르, 에폭시드, 폴리올 및 광개시제계를 포함하는 광중합가능한 조성물이다.  본 발명의 또 다른 실시 태양은 비닐 에테르, 에폭시드, 폴리올, 스피로오르토카르보네이트 및 광개시제계를 포함하는 광중합가능한 조성물이다.  또한, 본 발명의 또 다른 실시 태양은 특정 신규 스피로오르토카르보네이트 화합물이다.  이러한 신규 스피로오르토카르보네이트 화합물 각각은 하나 이상의 에폭시 치환기를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20020002390-A (KR)
IPC: H01L21/314
Filed: 2000-03-06
Abstract: 본 발명에 따르면, 불소 첨가 카본막(103) 상에 SiCN으로 이루어지는 하드 마스크(105)를 형성한다. 이에 의해, 종래보다도 불소 첨가 카본막(103)과 하드 마스크(105)와의 밀착성이 향상되어 박리가 억제되게 된다. 또한, SiCN으로 이루어지는 하드 마스크(105)는 종래의 것에 비교해서 에칭의 선택비를 크게 취할 수 있는 동시에, SiN이나 SiC로 이루어지는 것에 비교하면 유전율을 작게 할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20010110655-A (KR)
Title: Working Liquids and Methods for Modifying Structured Wafers Suited for Semiconductor Fabrication
IPC: C09G1/02
Filed: 1999-06-08
Abstract: A family of working liquids useful in modifying exposed surfaces of wafers for semiconductor fabrication are provided along with methods of modifying exposed surfaces of wafers for semiconductor fabrication utilizing such a family of working liquids, and semiconductor wafers made according the foregoing process. The working liquid of the invention is a solution of initial components, the components comprising: an oxidizing agent; an ionic buffer; a passivating agent; a chelating agent selected from iminodiacetic acid and salts thereof; and water. The method of the invention comprises the steps of: a) providing a wafer comprising a first material having a surface etched to form a pattern and a second material deployed over the surface of the first material; b) contacting the second material of the wafer with abrasive in the presence of the working liquid; and c) relatively moving the wafer while the second material is in contact with the abrasive until an exposed surface of the wafer is planar and comprises at least one area of exposed first material and one area of exposed second material.