baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-574963-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the utilisation of coal-oil
IPC: C10L1/04
Filed: 1940-05-13
Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are obtained from the fraction of coal oil boiling between 100-280 DEG  C., obtained in the low temperature carbonization of coal to obtain smokeless coke, by passing the vaporized fraction over metallic catalysts heated to 600-700 DEG  C. Preferably the fraction of the coal oil boiling in the range 100-180 DEG  C. is used and is freed from its acidic and basic constituents and preferably from its olefinic constituents before treatment. Catalysts specified comprise iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese or mixtures thereof and may be used on supports, e.g. pumice.  The product obtained is redistilled to separate benzene, toluene, and ethyl benzene and higher boiling fractions which are recycled. The gaseous products may be used for heating the evaporation and reaction chamber furnaces or as starting materials in chemical syntheses.  In examples: (1) a coal oil fraction of boiling range 100-180 DEG  C. is treated at 700 DEG C. in presence of nickel pellets. The liquid product obtained was fractionated to give 16 per cent benzene, 16 per cent toluene, and 10 per cent ethyl benzene and a fraction boiling above 140 DEG  C. was recycled; (2) same conditions as in (1) but a copper catalyst was used obtained by reducing copper oxide needles at 220 DEG  C.; (3) as in (1) with a catalyst comprising a mixture of copper and iron filings; (4) as in (3) but the 145-180 DEG  C. fraction of the product was fractionated to isolate isopropyl benzene, mesitylene, tertiary butyl benzene, 1.2.4 - trimethylbenzene, indene, while the fraction boiling above 180 DEG  C. yielded tetrahydronaphthalene, naphthalene, a -methyl naphthalene, b  - methyl - naphthalene, 1.2 - di - methyl naphthalene, 1.2.5 - trimethylnaphthalene, anthracene, 2-methyl-anthracene, dihydropyrene, dibenzochrysene.
Patent GB-772203-A (GB)
Title: Locking device
IPC: G05G5/22
Filed: 1955-03-24
Abstract: 772,203. Door fastenings; wedge fastenings. HOLMBERG, A. March 24,1955, No. 8636/55. Class 44. [Also in Group XXIV] In a device which may be used for lock. ing doors, a rod 5 is clamped in a casing 1 by balls 6 urged by a spring 7 into a conical seating in the casing, the balls being axially displaced to release the lock by depressing a bifurcated wedge 12 straddling the rod and engaging a sloping surface 10 on a ring 9 engaging the balls or ball-cage. Where no cage is provided, a ring is interposed between the balls 6 and spring 7, said ring having a diameter smaller than that of the circle of balls. In a modification a double-acting clamping device comprises a casing containing two sets of balls which are housed in oppositely-facing conical seatings and are axially moved in opposite directions to release the clamp by a common central wedge.
Patent GB-491036-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of tertiary aliphatic amines
Filed: 1937-03-24
Abstract: Tertiary aliphatic amines are produced by a modification of the process described in the parent Specification by leading, in the vapour phase, aliphatic aldehydes, containing at the most 6 carbon atoms, secondary aliphatic amines, each alkyl group of which contains at the most 6 carbon atoms, and hydrogen over hydrogenation catalysts at elevated temperatures.  Dehydrating agents may be mixed with the catalysts.  In examples (1) acetaldehyde and diethylamine, (2) n-butyraldehyde and di-n-butylamine, (3) acetaldehyde and di-n-butylamine are passed with hydrogen at 120 DEG  C. over a nickel catalyst to yield triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine and ethyl-di-n-butylamine respectively.
Patent GB-1262636-A (GB)
Title: Cyclisable aromatic polyamides
Inventor: LINDSEY ALAN SIDNEY
IPC: C08G73/22
Filed: 1968-02-22
Abstract: 1,262,636. Cyclizable aromatic polyamides. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 14 Feb., 1969 [22 Feb., 1968], No. 8684/68. Heading C3R. Aromatic polyamides comprising a chain of repeating amide and aromatic groups (but no alkylene groups) with ortho or peri substituents cyclizable with the amide groups to benzoxazole or benzthiazole rings, which chain also contains non-cyclizable -CONH-, -CO.O- or -CO.S- groups may be prepared by reacting an aromatic polycarboxylic compound with a bis (o-amino phenol) or bis(o-amino thiophenol) or functionally equivalent derivative and also a third aromatic reactant containing 2 groups which are independently -OH, -SH or -NH 2  not in ortho or peri relationship. Numerous suitable reactants are mentioned. Reaction may be effected in solution or bulk. They may be cyclized at 200 to 450 C. and material partly cured at a lower temperature, e.g. 250 C., may be moulded at a higher temperature, e.g. 400 C. The prepolymer or partcured polymer may be coated on metal, glass or carbon and cured at 300 C. or prepolymer solutions may be used to form films or threads. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 1,181,531.
Patent GB-1287420-A (GB)
Title: Electroplating lines
Inventor: THOMAS FREDERICK RALPH
IPC: C25D19/00
Filed: 1969-02-18
Abstract: 1287420 Electro-plating plant ELECTRICAL & ENG SERVICES (VICTORTA) Ltd 18 Feb 1970 [18 Feb 1969] 8737/69 Heading C7B In an electro-plating plant comprising a line of tanks including at least one plating tank 12, a rectifier unit 3 supplying current to the plating tank is mounted between two tanks in the line (in space 23) and next to its associated plating tank, preferably such that it may be easily removed from the tank line for servicing, e.g. by mounting on wheels 4 with provision of rails 5. A carriage for transporting a plating barrel over and into the tanks may also be provided, e.g. mounted on rails 39, 40.
Patent GB-729140-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to smoke indicators
Inventor: COCKRAM REGINALD WILLIAM JAMES
IPC: G08B17/107
Filed: 1952-04-04
Abstract: 729,140. Turbidometers. PYRENE CO., Ltd. March 25, 1953 [April 4, 1952], No. 8744/52. Class 97 (3). [Also in Groups XXXVIII and XL (b)] In a device for detecting the presence of smoke by means of light diffused by the smoke either to the eye or to a photo-electric cell, the centre lines of the illuminating beam and the illuminated field intersect at an angle of less than 70 degrees. As shown, air is drawn from compartments under examination through tubes 12 and into chambers 2, around a central light source 6 and away through exhaust tube 10. The end of each of tubes 12 projects out of the inner wall of the chamber to a point near the light source, a portion of tube being cut away inside the chamber as shown. The light diffused from smoke-laden air in this space is diffused to an observer or a photo-electric cell 16 in the bottom of the apparatus.
Patent GB-375353-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to telecommunication systems
IPC: H04M11/04
Filed: 1931-03-21
Abstract: 375,353. Manual exchange systems. LIGNES TELEGRAPHIQUES ET TELEPHONIQUES, 26, Rue de la Pepiniere, Paris. March 21, 1931, No. 8765. Convention date, June 2, 1930. [Class 40 (iv).] A wayside station on a manual interoffice junction employs a calling signal that does not interfere with any conversation taking place over the junction and is only put into telephonic communication with it at the will of an operator. In the system described the calling signal for inter-office calls consists of 500- cvcle current modulated at 25 cycles and for wayside calls consists of 25-cycle current given by apparatus 13, the two signals being separated by filters 6, 7. When the junction is available the operator sends out 25-cycle current to energize 14 which energizes 16 which locks in series with 15 when 14 falls back (17 having been closed when the wayside box was opened). 15 maintains the conversation circuit until the operator again puts 25- cycle current on the junction to unlock 16 or until the contact 17 is opened. The device 13 may be a magneto or a vibratory device arranged to send a, signal too short to cause the disconnection of any other wayside station that may be connected. up. Alternatively the calling currents from the wayside station may be weaker than the control currents from the operator.
Patent GB-216622-A (GB)
Title: The manufacture of alkylated and aralkylated derivatives of vat dyestuffs
IPC: C09B49/12
Filed: 1923-03-28
Abstract: The leuco compounds of dyestuffs obtainable by sulphurizing anthracene compounds, for example as described in Specification 20132/06, are converted into new coloured products, some of which may be used directly as dyestuffs, by treating in the alkaline vat with alkylating or aralkylating agents; the agents specified are alkyl halides, alkyl sulphates, halogenated fatty acids and their esters, benzyl halides, and quaternary ammonium compounds containing at least one aromatic residue, for instance, trialkylnaphthyl- or dialkylbenzylarylammonium salts.  The following examples are given:-(1) dark blue compounds are prepared by treating the leuco compound of the brown vat dyestuff obtained from anthracene and sulphur chloride at 220 DEG  C. with ethyl bromide or benzyl chloride; (2) a vat prepared from the same dyestuff is warmed with chloracetic ester or chloracetic acid, the product from the latter dyeing wool in greyish blue shades; (3) the dyestuffs prepared by heating anthracene with sulphur according to Specification 20132/06 (Indanthrene Olive G), or that prepared by heating anthracene with sulphur chloride above 220 DEG  C., or those known as Hydron Olive G or Hydron Brown OG, are alkylated or aralkylated as in example 1.ALSO:Fast shades are obtained upon the fibre by producing thereon alkylated or aralkylated leuco compounds of sulphurized anthracene dyestuffs such as those described in Specification 20132/06, [Class 2, Acids and salts, Organic &c.], or those obtainable by heating anthracene with sulphur chloride.  For this purpose the fibre, dyed with the parent dyestuffs, is treated with an alkylating or an aralkylating agent in the presence of a reducing agent.  In an example, cotton dyed with the red-brown dyestuff obtained from anthracene and sulphur chloride at 220 DEG  C. is treated in a hot bath containing hydrosulphite, caustic soda, and trimethyl-a -naphthyl-ammonium chloride or dimethyl-benzylphenyl ammonium chloride (Leucotrope O); blue and greenish-blue shades are thus obtained; ethylene chlorhydrin and a -dichlorhydrin yield blue or black shades; the dyestuffs from anthracene and sulphur, or anthracene and sulphur chloride at a temperature above 220 DEG  C., yield in the same way brownish-grey to black shades.
Patent GB-523706-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to display and advertising devices
IPC: G09F13/18
Filed: 1939-03-20
Abstract: 523,706. Ornamental effects. MOORE, H. A. March 20, 1939, No. 8849. [Class 93] [Also in Groups XVIII; VII and XIX] 'Edge-illuminated devices for displaying, signs, jewellery, ornamentation and indicators comprise sheets 20, having at the rear incised circular depressions or recesses 22 the bottoms of which approach more nearly to the front face 28 of the sheet the further they are from the light source 26. The sheet 20 may be transparent or translucent and may be coloured or fronted by a translucent coloured sheet. It may be enclosed on three sides by a metal frame and be backed by an opaque coating &c. which may be reflective. The recesses have frosted sides and may be cylindrical or conical in form either wholly or in part. The sheet may be wedgeshaped and the recesses of equal depth from the rear face, as shown in Fig. 5. Letters &c. may be formed as channels of varying depth, with recesses either located at the bottom thereof or arranged as a border. Two relatively rotating discs 68, 70, Fig. 14, may have each a series of recesses 22 which increase in depth the nearer they are to the axis of rotation 72. The light-admitting edge may be forked and be fitted with a colour filter, or may be bent at an angle to the main sheet, and the bent-over portion be itself furnished with recesses. A plurality of the devices may be disposed around a neon &c. elongated lamp, and in one form the device may comprise a shop-window pelmet. When applied to an indicator, recesses are formed both in the moving pointer and in the surrounding index face, and a single screened lamp arranged centrally of several indicators may be used as a common source of light.
Patent GB-842269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a sealable synthetic resinous article
IPC: C08J7/043
Filed: 1957-03-18
Abstract: A composition for application to synthetic resinous surfaces to render them less permeable to organic liquids comprises a mixture of a co-polymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol and an etherified urea-formaldehyde resin.  From 20 to 90% of the former and 80 to 10% of the latter may be used.  The components are mixed in an organic solvent, e.g. a toluenemethyl ethyl ketone-xylol-butanol mixture, applied to the surface and cured by heat or irradiation, or both.  When curing is by irradiation, graft polymerisation between the coating and the substrate may take place.  U.S.A. Reissue Specification 24,062 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,059,706, 2,069,844, 2,547,684, 2,632,921, 2,704,362, 2,715,075, 2,715,076 and 2,715,077 are referred to.ALSO:A sealable synthetic resinous article having a surface characterized by enhanced resistance to permeation by organic fluids has on its surface a cured coating of a composition consisting essentially of a copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol and an alcoholic type urea-formaldehyde resin.  The composition may contain 20 to 90% of the copolymer and 80 to 10% of the ureaformaldehyde, and is applied in solution in an organic solvent by dipping or spraying or in the case of containers by filling and draining.  The coating may be cured by heating at 160 DEG -200 DEG F. for 30-120 minutes, or by irradiation, or by both heat and irradiation.  Catalysts such as sulphuric acid may be added. Examples are given of lining polyethylene and polymethylene bottles, and coating polystyrene sheets to be made into envelopes and sachets. The process is also applicable to other synthetic resins, rubber and its derivatives, and cellulose esters and ethers.  The surfaces may be pre-treated with sodium dichromate and sulphuric acid, or by flaming.  U.S.A. Re-issue Specification 24,062 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,059,706, 2,069,844, 2,547,684, 2,632,921, 2,704,362, 2,715,075, 2,715,076, and 2,715,077 are referred to.
Patent GB-770494-A (GB)
Title: Ultraviolet radiation absorbing compounds and photographic elements containing such compounds
IPC: C07D277/20
Filed: 1955-03-28
Abstract: 3 - Benzyl - 2 - phenylimino - 5 - o - sulphobenzal-4-thiazolidone (sodium salt) is prepared by refluxing together in glacial acetic acid sodium benzaldehyde-o-sulphonate and 3-benzyl-2-phenylimino-4 -thiazolidone, itself prepared by refluxing together 1-benzyl-3-phenylthiourea and chloracetic acid in ethanol containing sodium acetate.  3 - b  - Phenylethyl - 2 - b  - phenylethylimino - 4 - thiazolidone and 3 - benzyl - 2 - benzylimino - 4 - thiazolidone are similarly prepared from 1 : 3-di-(b -phenylethyl)-thiourea or 1 : 3-dibenzylthiourea respectively and chloracetic acid, and 3-n-hexyl-2-phenylimino - 5 - (o - sulphobenzal) - 4 - thiazolidone (sodium salt) and 3-benzyl-2-benzylimino-5-o-sulphobenzal - 4 - thiazolidone (sodium salt) are similarly prepared from o-sulphobenzaldehyde, sodium salt or o-sulphobenzaldehyde and sodium acetate respectively and 3-n-hexyl-2-phenylimino - 4 - thiazolidone or 3 - benzyl - 2 - benzylimino-4-thiazolidone respectively.  5 - Benzal - 3 - n - cetyl - 2 - phenylimino - 4 - thiazolidone is prepared by refluxing together 3 - n - cetyl - 2 - phenylimino - 4 - thiazolidone, benzaldehyde, piperidine, and ethanol.  The corresponding, 3-n-hexyl, 3-n-butyl, 3-n-decyl-, and 3-n-cyclohexyl-compounds are similarly prepared.  5 - [31 - (211 : 411 - Di - tert. - amylphenoxyacetoxy) - benzal] - 3 - phenyl - 2 - phenylimino - 4-thiazolidone is prepared by reacting the corresponding 5-(31-hydroxybenzal)-compound, itself prepared by refluxing together 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-phenyl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidone, with 2 : 4-di-tert.-amylphenoxyacetyl chloride in benzene containing pyridine. Specifications 680,474 and 748,189 are referred to.
Patent GB-812699-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, or relating to, nuts and other screwed parts
IPC: F16B37/00
Filed: 1956-03-22
Abstract: 812,699. Nuts &c. LITTMANN, M. March 21, 1957 [March 22, 1956], No. 8976/56. Class 89(1) A method of making nuts and other screwed-parts comprises pressing porousbodies of a desired form from metal or alloy-powders, sintering the bodies, and infiltrating the pores with resilientmaterial. The screw-thread may be applied during the pressing, or be cut or rolled-on before or after the infiltration. Suitable resilient-materials are liquidrubber, cork, leather, softwood, nylon, &c. The manner of infiltration depends on the state of the material, and may include, (a) preparing the material in a liquid or molten-state, and after infiltration, solidifying the material, (b) dissolving in a volatile, vaporizable, carrier - liquid or (c) preparing the material as a colloidalsuspension. The infiltration may be carried out in a normal-atmosphere, vacuum, or a protective at reducing-atmosphere.
Patent GB-606427-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to collagenous strands and method of making the same
IPC: D01F4/00
Filed: 1945-04-11
Abstract: Filaments are produced by extruding a fibre-free solution of collagenous material in an organic acid into a coagulating bath. The collagenous substance may be obtained from hides, skins, fascialata, or muscles of vertebrates.  Green-salted calf skin or kip skin may be used.  This may be prepared by removing the flesh and hair, leaving the clean corium, which is that lamination of the animal hide containing the greatest proportion of collagen. The corium may be cut into strips and covered with a dilute solution of an organic acid with pH of 2 to 4, e.g. 0.05 to 0.10 normal formic acid or 0.5 to 1.0 normal acetic acid.  The corium is allowed to swell for several hours in the acid solution at 10 DEG -30 DEG  C.  The mass is then mechanically disintegrated, e.g. in a shredder and the collagen gradually dissolves in the acid.  Any insoluble matter such as elastin, and hair fragments, is removed from the solution, e.g. by centrifuging and filtering.  The spinning solution preferably contains 5 to 15 per cent of collagen.  The coagulating bath may be formed by a strong salt solution such as a 35 per cent saturated solution of ammonium sulphate with sufficient ammonia to maintain a pH of 7.8, or a 25 per cent magnesium sulphate solution buffered to a pH of 7.8 by means of triethanolamine.  The filaments may be stretched during coagulation and setting, and by stretching in stages an extension of 700 per cent may be obtained.  When the wet filaments from the coagulating bath are twisted to form a strand considerable coalescence of the filaments occurs so that a unitary strand may be obtained.  The filaments or strands may be tanned and they may be used as surgical sutures or ligatures.ALSO:A fibre-free solution of collagenous material in an organic acid is extruded into a coagulating bath to form artificial threads.  The collagenous substance may be obtained from hides, skins, fascialata, or muscles of vertebrates.  Greensalted calf skin or kip skin may be used.  This may be prepared by removing the flesh and hair, leaving the clean corium, which is that lamination of the animal hide containing the greatest proportion of collagen.  The corium may be cut into strips and covered with a dilute solution of an organic acid with pH of 2 to 4, e.g. 0.05 to 0.10 normal formic acid or 0.5 to 1.0 normal acetic acid.  The corium is allowed to swell for several hours in the acid solution at 10-30 DEG  C.  The mass is then mechanically disintegrated, e.g. in a shredder and the collagen gradually dissolves in the acid. Any insoluble matter such as elastin, and hair fragments, is removed from the solution, e.g. by centrifuging and filtering. The spinning solution preferably contains 5 to 15 per cent of collagen.
Patent GB-1483470-A (GB)
Title: Electrophotographic copier element
IPC: G03G21/00
Filed: 1974-10-01
Abstract: 1483470 Controlling copying machines EASTMAN KODAK CO 1 Oct 1974 [1 Oct 1973] 09052/77 Divided out of 1483468 Heading G2H The subject-matter of this Specification is identical with part of that described in Parent Specification, but the claims are directed to a photo-conductive recording element provided with two sets of indicia suitably spaced for use for timing and image frame location respectively in controlling a photo-copying machine.
Patent GB-689007-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of seamed tubing
Inventor: DIXON HENRY JOHNSON
IPC: B21C37/087
Filed: 1950-04-18
Abstract: 689,007. Making composite pipes and electric conductors. BRITISH INSULATED CALLENDER'S CABLES, Ltd. April 18, 1951 [April 18, 1950; Nov. 8, 1950], Nos. 9054/51 and 27352/50. Divided out of 688,973. Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv). [Also in Group VIII] Welding; soldering.-A process for the production of a continuous seam in the wall of a long length of tubing by locally heating each elemental length of tubing to the seaming temperature is characterized in that the elemental lengths are twice heated to the seaming temperature by passing them through two heating zones in succession, the two heating zones being spaced apart in the direction of travel and each being followed by a cooling zone. In an embodiment of the invention as applied to a method of making tubes as described in Specification 688,973, two heating heads 1 and 2 are provided. One is located at the delivery end of a strip bending unit 3 in which a metal or thermoplastic strip 4 is gradually bent transversely of its length to envelope a tube 5 formed by a similar strip bending unit (not shown). The other head 2 is spaced apart from the head 1 in the direction of travel of the double-walled tube 7 issuing from the unit 3. Both heads are operative throughout normal running of the machine and are automatically rendered inoperative when the travel of the tube falls below the normal speed or in the event of a stoppage. The heads may comprise a diametrically split sleeve in which the upper part 1a (or 2a), which is heated, and the lower part 1b (or 2b), which is fixed, are held apart by a spring and pulled together into contact with the tube 7 by a solenoid controlled by a relay 10 responsive to the speed of travel of the tube. Each head is followed by a water-cooled die 11, 12. In operation, a seam is made and remade during normal running but in the event of a stoppage a length of tube will leave the first head without having been seamed and a corresponding length will leave the second head without its seam having been unmade and reseamed. On restarting, the unseamed length of tube will be seamed by the second head. The double heating may continue throughout normal running or merely for an initial period after starting up. The invention is also applicable to the seaming of metal tubes by soldering, wherein a ribbon of solder 6 is fed on to the tube 5 so that it overlaps the edges of the bent strip 4, or to brazing or autogenous welding.