baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2030145-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for cleaning root vegetables from soil and trash
Inventor: AGEJCHIK VALERIJ ALEKSANDROVIC
IPC: A01D33/08
Filed: 1991-01-09
Granted: 1995-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: device comprises a rotating drum whose working surface is constituted by rotating rolls, a main auger arranged concentrically with drum, and a loading unit having a receiving tray and a conical housing installed in the drum with its larger base directed into the drum. Every other roll has the form of an auger which carries the material against the flow of material carried by the main auger; inner edge of the conical housing has cutouts in the form of circle arcs with their centers positioned at an equal distance to the nearby centers of adjacent rolls and with their radii equal to half the average diameter of the largest particles discharged as waste. Rolls located beyond the internal edge of the conical housing are plain and their diameter is smaller than that in the working part of the drum but not larger than the average diameter of particles discharged as waste. EFFECT: higher productivity. 5 dwg
Patent RU-2018466-C1 (RU)
Title: Aircraft rescue system
Inventor: ERMOLENKO VIKTOR S
IPC: B64D17/72
Filed: 1990-12-24
Granted: 1994-08-30
Abstract: FIELD: parachute technique. SUBSTANCE: rescue system has a streamlined container, having a cover and a housing with a connectable part in a cross plane, mutually joined by a keying device. A halyard is connected with the cover of the container. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 1 cl
Patent RU-2008827-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for incision of biological tissues
Inventor: BEZRUKOV SERGEJ V
IPC: A61B17/3201
Filed: 1991-02-22
Granted: 1994-03-15
Abstract: FIELD: microsurgery. SUBSTANCE: as one blade is wedge in cross-section, and the other, symmetrical figure; during bending towards blade with symmetrical cross-section, cutting edge of wedge-shaped blade gets screw rolling-on, and blades with symmetrical cross-section bends with no rolling-on. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2009364-C1 (RU)
Title: Nozzle for two-stage fuel injection into internal combustion engine
Inventor: VEJNBLAT MARK KH
IPC: F02M61/06
Filed: 1991-03-11
Granted: 1994-03-15
Abstract: FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: nozzle has closed sprayer 6 whose needle 8 is spring-loaded by spring 4 and positioned coaxially to sleeve 9 having precision conjugation with needle 8 and case 1 of sprayer 6. There are stops for arresting movements of needle 8 and sleeve 9 in the direction of spring 4. Magnitude of sleeve 9 stroke is less than magnitude of needle stroke. A stop of maximum displacement of needle 8 is positioned on sleeve 9. . The needle is provided with cylindric collar 12 which is coaxial to the needle. Outer diameter of the collar is less than diameter of conjugation of sleeve 9 with case 1 of sprayer 6. EFFECT: enhanced quality of spraying. 5 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2010022-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for ammonia gas control of wet-process phosphoric acid neutralization gas
Inventor: KIM ALEKSANDR A
IPC: C05B21/00
Filed: 1991-02-15
Granted: 1994-03-30
Abstract: FIELD: fertilizer industry. SUBSTANCE: method is characterized by measuring the phosphate pulp conductivity to control ammonia flow rate, with phosphate pulp being degassed prior to measurement of its conductivity. During neutralization process of phosphoric acid for production of which Karatau phosphorite-bearing rock is used as the raw material, the conductivity of phosphate pulp is maintained between 0.29 and 0.30 1/ohm cm. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 1 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2000531-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ERCHENKO GERMAN N
IPC: F28F1/04
Filed: 1991-04-25
Granted: 1993-09-07
Abstract: Использование: дл  конденсации пара  в энергетике и химической промышленности . Сущность изобретени : в вертикальной  трубе конденсатора с продольными канавками  1 на наружной поверхности и соответствующими  им выступами 2 на внутренней  поверхности в полости трубы размещены  равномерно по ее длине внутренние поперечные  кольца 3, установленные с нат гом  относительно вершины 4 выступоп 2 внутренней  поверхности трубы, При этом каждое  кольцо 3 может быть жестко соединено  с вершинами по крайней мере нескольких  выступов 2. В зоне установки каждого кольца  3 на вершинах 4 выступов 2 могут быть  выполнены дополнительные впадины под  кольца 3. В зоне установки колец 3 на вершинах  4 по крайней пере каждого второго-  четвертого выступа 2 могут быть выполнены  полусферические ребра, а на наружной поверхности  колец 3 - ответные пазы. Радиус  наружной поверхности каждого кольца 3  может превышать радиус окружности, проход щей  через вершины 4 выступов 2, при  этом на указанной поверхности каждого  кольца 3 выполнены ответные углублени   под выступы 2, а верхн   кромка кольца 3  имеет форму усеченного конуса. На наружной  поверхности трубы в зоне установки  внутренних поперечных колец 3 могут быть  установлены с нат гом внешние кольца. 5  з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил. 73 С ю о о о ел со о
Patent RU-2015833-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of monocrystal ingots production
Inventor: MINNEKHANOV GIZAR N
IPC: B22D27/04
Filed: 1991-05-12
Granted: 1994-07-15
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: method provides for charge melting; a casting mold overheating up to the temperature of alloy liquids; modification under temperature of 1570 - 1700 C by ultra-dispersed powder from group of carbide, nitride, carbonitride, oxycarbonitride; pouring of molten bath into a casting mold and directed crystallization. Before modification the molten bath is added with a brick, composed of dispersed powder of carbon in amount of 0.01 - 0.1 % of the charge weight and with particles sizes of 0.005 - 1.0 micron and other components. Composition of the brick is made on the base metal powder from group: nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum with the following ratio of components in the brick, mass%: carbon powder - 0.5 - 20, powder of metal from the group: nickel, iron, cobalt, aluminum - all the rest. EFFECT: method is used for monocrystal castings production.
Patent RU-2018846-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for determination mode of adrenal injury at children
Inventor: RZYANKINA MARINA F
IPC: G01N33/74
Filed: 1991-05-12
Granted: 1994-08-30
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: testosterone level is determined in blood sample, children of early age with serious modes of acute infections being examined. If testosterone content is 2.0-1.8 nmol/l then decompensated mode of injury is diagnosed, if said index is 2.1-2.3 nmol/l or more then compensated mode is diagnosed. Accuracy of proposed method is 71%. EFFECT: increases accuracy of the method. 2 tbl
Patent RU-2009631-C1 (RU)
Title: Double-knife cutting apparatus drive
Inventor: NAURYZBAEV RAKHIMZHAN K
IPC: A01D34/76
Filed: 1991-06-03
Granted: 1994-03-30
Abstract: FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: drive has a drive shaft with a double- stage crank on which crankpins bearings with housings are mounted, the housings are connected to brackets mounted on backs of the knives on both sides of the crank. The brackets are made with necks which also have bearings with housings, the necks are pivotally connected by one of their ears to matching housings of the double-stage crank, and by the second ones - to double-arm levers in pairs by flexible preliminary stressed links. All the housings are fitted on the bearings by flexible elastic bushes. EFFECT: improved operational reliability. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2020209-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KARGAEV LEONID A
IPC: E03D1/07
Filed: 1991-06-05
Granted: 1994-09-30
Abstract: FIELD: sanitary engineering. SUBSTANCE: flushing tank float is of an L-shaped cross-section and is installed for turning on closing element of feed valve. Tank siphon has a corrugated pipe and a flexible pipe. The latter is connected to a U-shaped pipe union of siphon. EFFECT: improved design. 5 dwg
Patent RU-2046119-C1 (RU)
Title: Pyrotechnical spark-flame composition of yellow fire
Inventor: MADYAKIN FEDOR PAVLOVICH
IPC: C06B33/08
Filed: 1991-06-28
Granted: 1995-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: manufacture of decorative candles. SUBSTANCE: the composition comprises (wt ) 44.54-53.30 colloxylin; 14.82-17.30 nitroglycerin; 14.82-17.80 diethylene glycol dinitrate; 0.53-0.64 dinitrotoluene; 6.00-12.00 titanium; 2.00-6.00 potassium- cobalt nitrite; 1.00-6.00 cryolite; 1.52-1.82 symm. diethyldiphenyl urea; 0.53-0.64 vaseline oil. The flame color intensity is 96.3-96.9% EFFECT: improved properties of the title products. 1 tbl
Patent RU-2047110-C1 (RU)
Inventor: MARTYNYUK NIKOLAJ PAVLOVICH
IPC: G01F23/56
Filed: 1991-07-08
Granted: 1995-10-27
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has filler neck, vertical upright with holes located in reservoir, float fitted in upright on surface of liquid fuel and ultrasonic generator rigidly connected with ultrasonic receiver and ultrasonic radiator, scale and fuel amount indicator. Above-float space of upright is brought in communication with filler neck by means of pipe line which is connected with it above nominal level of fuel in neck. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2002583-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SNOP VLADIMIR I
IPC: B22F3/14
Filed: 1991-08-27
Granted: 1993-11-15
Abstract: Использование: изобретение относитс  к порошковой  металлургии, к оборудованию дн  спекани  порошковых заготовок в газовой среде и в вакууме , а также дл  пропитки заготовок под давлением . Сущность изобретени : устройство выполнено  в виде герметично закрытого пробками контейнера , сообщенного с системами подвода и отвода  газа, в контейнере размещены теплоизол ционный колпак и нагреватель, образующие рабочую камеру,  и теплоизолирующа  подставка под заготовки  Устройство снабжено системой направлени  газовых  потоков в рабочей камере, содержащей не менее  двух замкнутых, закрытых с одного из торцов и  охватывающих друг друга вертикальных перегородок , образующих щелевые полости, при этом кажда  последующа - перегородка расположена закрытым  торцом оппозитно закрытому торцу предыдущей  перегородки, а щелевые полости сообщены  между собой и открытых торцов перегородок, теплоизолирующа  подставка под заготовку выполнена  из материала с адсорбирующей способностью,  ее верхний торец и нижние открытые торцы перегородок  расположены ниже рабочей зоны нагревател , а открытые сверху щелевые полости между  перегородками сообщены с системой отвода газа  2т.
Patent RU-2023750-C1 (RU)
Inventor: KHELMUT PROTTSER
IPC: E04D3/16
Filed: 1991-10-16
Granted: 1994-11-30
Abstract: FIELD: metallurgy; thermal treatment; application of uniform and lasting brown-patina coatings to surfaces of copper blanks such as rolled tapes and sheets; civil engineering. SUBSTANCE: this method prescribes roughing surfaces of copper blanks and then thermally treating these for 0.1 to 30 min within temperature range from 150 to 650 C. Additional chemical oxidation following heat treatment of copper blanks is also advantageous to improve adhesion of brown-patina coatings to surfaces of copper blanks. EFFECT: disclosed method allows producing copper products resistant to adverse atmospheric effects. 3 cl
Patent RU-2022587-C1 (RU)
Inventor: CHEBOTAREV GRIGORIJ A
IPC: A62C37/00
Filed: 1991-09-20
Granted: 1994-11-15
Abstract: Использование: в противопожарной обороне. Сущность изобретения: противопожарный автомат содержит ствол, цилиндрическую часть с размещенным в ней подпружиненными поршнем и клапаном, образующими камеру, и средства для подачи жидкости под напором и воздуха под давлением. Цилиндрическая часть снабжена золотниковой камерой с окнами, перекрываемыми подпружиненным золотником, а устройство для подачи жидкости подсоединено к камере, образованной между торцами поршня и клапана, причем пусковое устройство включает педаль, связанную тягой с клапаном, установленным в цилиндре. 1 ил.
Patent RU-2036483-C1 (RU)
Title: Gear for investigation of floor ground
Inventor: SUKACH MIKHAIL KUZMICH
IPC: G01V9/00
Filed: 1991-07-30
Granted: 1995-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: geological studies. SUBSTANCE: gear for investigation of floor ground includes on-board and submerged parts coupled with rope. Submerged part presents sealed frame manufactured in the form of hollow sphere which houses accelerometer, recorder, magnetic switch and power supply battery. Accelerometer is fabricated in the form of piezotransducer and matching amplifier which input is linked to output of piezotransducer. Recorder includes analog-to-digital converter which input is connected to output of matching amplifier and storage which input is linked to output of analog-to-digital converter. On-board part of gear has microprocessor control unit with button of stepping mode, internal semiconductor storage which input and output are connected to microprocessor control unit, network power supply unit and display panel which input is linked to output of microprocessor unit. Input of microprocessor control unit is connected to output of storage of submerged part and its output is coupled with the aid of two connectors to outer storage circuit and computer. EFFECT: expanded application field, enhanced investigative efficiency. 6 dwg
Patent RU-2008228-C1 (RU)
Title: Portable typewriter
Inventor: KHUDOBORODOV NIKOLAJ V
IPC: B41J3/36
Filed: 1991-10-15
Granted: 1994-02-28
Abstract: FIELD: typewriter. SUBSTANCE: typewriter has digit memory device 2, Cyrillic capital letter memory device 3, Cyrillic small letter memory device 4, Latin capital letter memory device 5, Latin small letter memory device 6, keyboard 10, control signal forming unit 11, electric pulse generator 13, a sign-synchronizing device, sign visual display indicator 21, pulse voltage converter 24, and a pulse inverter. 13-10-12 (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) -11, 24-11, (18, 19)-11, 25 -21. EFFECT: improved structure. 14 dwg
Patent RU-2028120-C1 (RU)
Title: Blender for blending single and/or multicomponent materials
Inventor: BONDARENKO ALEKSANDR N
IPC: A61C5/06
Filed: 1991-10-14
Granted: 1995-02-09
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: blender has plate-shaped blade 1 with spiral-shaped height onto working surface 2 provided with rotation drive 3. Removable plate with spherical hollow 5 is located onto support 4. Ultrasonic source 6 is mounted into the support and adjoins base of the support. Source 6 is connected with microwave current generator 7. Thermostatic switch system 8 is available in the support. EFFECT: improved efficiency. 6 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2050872-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GORBAN YURIJ I
IPC: A62C35/00
Filed: 1991-10-23
Granted: 1995-12-27
Abstract: Использование: пожарный монитор относится к оборудованию пожаротушения, а именно к управляемым пожарным лафетным стволам, и позволяет облегчить конструкцию, уменьшить габариты, повысить надежность. Сущность: в пожарном мониторе механизмы наведения встроены в корпус монитора и выполнены с двусторонним полым валом, используемым для шанирного соединения трубопроводов монитора. Полый вал соединен через стыковочный узел и червячную передачу с двигателем, установленным на корпусе. Для организации обратной связи по положению установлены позиционные датчики. Управление наведением осуществляется дистанционно или автоматически с пульта управления по заранее заданной программе. 4 ил.
Patent RU-2007662-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ANUROV YURIJ M
IPC: F23C7/00
Filed: 1991-09-17
Granted: 1994-02-15
Abstract: FIELD: devices for burning dust-like fuel. SUBSTANCE: pipeline 1 is suspended in two points 4 and 5 with weight-screen 9 installed in the middle. Portion of pipeline 1 inside furnace is screened from underneath and provided with longitudinal ribs 7 on the top. EFFECT: higher reliability and longer service life of pipeline. 5 cl, 5 dwg
Patent RU-2048676-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GUMEROV RIFTAT R
IPC: G01S1/32
Filed: 1991-12-03
Granted: 1995-11-20
Abstract: Сущность изобретения: устройство для измерения фазы радиосигнала содержит измерительный блок 1, включающий опорный генератор 2, синтезатор частот 3, усилитель мощности 4, антенный переключатель 5, смеситель 6, усилитель промежуточный частоты 7, усилитель-ограничитель 8, фазовый детектор 9, решающий блок 10, коммутатор-формирователь 11, приемопередающую антенну 12, блок ввода 13, блок вывода 14 и К фильтров фазовых измерений 15, ретранслятор 16, включающий опорный генератор 17, синтезатор частот 18, фазовращатель 19, усилитель мощности 20, антенный переключатель 21, смеситель 22, усилитель промежуточной частоты 23, усилитель-ограничитель 24, фазовый детектор 25, решающий блок 26, коммутатор-формирователь 27 и приемопередающую антенну 28. 2-3-4-12-6-7-8-9-15-13-10-11-9-10-13, 10-14-15, 11-5-12, 2-11-4, 2-9, 14-15-13, 10-3, 25-26-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25, 17-18-22, 27-20, 27-21, 27-25, 17-25. 8 ил.
Patent RU-2100964-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ILIZAROV G A
IPC: A61B17/11
Filed: 1991-12-27
Granted: 1998-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: medicine, traumatology, neurosurgery. SUBSTANCE: method deals with measuring defect length in position of maximal distance of renewed edges, fastened nerve is straightened out by movement of corresponding joint. A position obtained is taken to an initial one for next dosed movements at individual mode to provide atraumatic lengthening of a nerve. At the early postoperative period curative gymnastics of a joint should be done by carrying out its passive bending and unbending within movement amplitude limits. At period of nerve lengthening this amplitude is increased in strict correspondence with an individual mode of joint's movements. EFFECT: higher efficiency to exclude traction damages of a nerve at the early postoperative period and prevent complications associated with prolonged immobilization of a joint. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2013839-C1 (RU)
Title: Biological for maintenance personnel of outdoor high-voltage switchgear
Inventor: SVET VLADIMIR L
IPC: H02B5/01
Filed: 1992-02-27
Granted: 1994-05-30
Abstract: FIELD: shielding of attending personnel from electric field. SUBSTANCE: shield has steel rope 1 attached to posts 2. Upper ends of grounded conductors 3 are joined to rope 1 and their lower ends are engageable with horizontal displacement limiter 4 and may be furnished with weights 5. Displacement limiter 4 may be made as adjustable device. EFFECT: improved design. 3 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-2024392-C1 (RU)
Inventor: VAKHTOMIN VLADIMIR L
IPC: B28B7/38
Filed: 1992-04-28
Granted: 1994-12-15
Abstract: Изобретение относится к промышленности строительных материалов, а именно к смазочным составам, используемых при изготовлении бетонных и железобетонных изделий в металлических формах, для предотвращения прилипания изделий к форме. Эмульсионная смазка для металлических форм, включающая талловое масло, добавку и воду, согласно изобретению в качестве добавки содержит моно-, ди- или триэтаноламин при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: талловое масло 8 - 13; моно-, ди- или триэтаноламин 0,8 - 2,6; вода остальное. 2 табл.
Patent RU-2008054-C1 (RU)
Title: Guard of fencing weapon
Inventor: ZHUKOV OLEG P
IPC: F41B13/02
Filed: 1992-05-29
Granted: 1994-02-28
Abstract: FIELD: sports. SUBSTANCE: guard is intended for protection of hand holding weapon. Guard is manufactured from metal. It has cup-shaped body of constant thickness in section with profiled hole to pass bar of blade and recession to locate plate for its strengthening concentric on blade. Recession for accommodation of strengthening plate is made on side of concavity of body. Body proper is produced from solid steel sheet. EFFECT: simplified design and improved reliability. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2033750-C1 (RU)
Title: Apparatus to measure parameters of respiratory interchange of gasses
Inventor: LITKE SERGEJ V
IPC: A61B5/08
Filed: 1992-06-03
Granted: 1995-04-30
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: apparatus to measure parameters of respiratory interchange of gasses has oxygen concentration sensor, heating member 4, electronic-optical system of excitation and recording system. Oxygen concentration sensor sensitive member is made of thin aluminum plate, on which luminescent layer is applied. The layer is made of 10-20 mcm thick oxidized film with added organic complexes of platinum group metals. Recording system has photodetector 8 and air stream speed sensor 12, that are connected with processor through amplification and conversion units 9 and 10 correspondingly. Apparatus allows to measure instant values of oxygen concentrations in inhaling and exhaling air and to determine factor of used by organism oxygen at least during one breathing cycle. EFFECT: apparatus to measure parameters of respiratory interchange of gasses is used in medicine. 4 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-2060228-C1 (RU)
Inventor: BUDIKOV LEONID YAKOVLEVICH
IPC: B66D5/08
Filed: 1992-07-28
Granted: 1996-05-20
Abstract: Использование: в подъемно-транспортном машиностроении. Сущность изобретения: тормоз содержит шкив 7, взаимодействующие с ним тормозные колодки 6, размещенные на стойках 1 и 2. Стойки соединены между собой верхней тягой 3 и трехплечим подпружиненным рычагом 4, связанным со штоком поршня электрогидротолкателя. Маслопровод, соединяющий надпоршневую и подпоршневую полости гидроцилиндра, имеет регулятор расхода 9, золотник которого контактирует посредством коромысла с рычагом 4. 2 з. п. ф-лы, 2 ил.
Patent RU-2022429-C1 (RU)
Inventor: BESSONOVA SVETLANA V
IPC: H01S5/02
Filed: 1992-06-02
Granted: 1994-10-30
Abstract: Использование: в полупроводниковой квантовой электронике, в частности в технологии сборки когерентных излучателей - модулей со световодным выводом излучения для систем связи, контрольно-измерительной аппаратуры и медицинской техники. Сущность изобретения: для высокой воспроизводимости и ускорения процесса сборки после юстировки фотодиода относительно лазерного диода его основание закрепляют на контактной пластине, проводят юстировку последней относительно платы со световодом, соединяют контактную пластину с платой, устанавливают их на крепежном элементе, производя окончательное скрепление, а также юстировку и закрепление входного конца световода относительно лазерного диода. 1 ил.
Patent RU-2018603-C1 (RU)
Title: Способ сооружения перекрытий монолитного здания
Inventor: IVANOV IGOR E
IPC: E04G11/38
Filed: 1992-09-15
Granted: 1994-08-30
Abstract: Использование: при сооружении монолитных перекрытий в туннельной и щитовой опалубке. Сущность изобретения: способ сооружения перекрытия монолитного здания заключается в установке опалубки стен и перекрытия, бетонировании стен и перекрытия и последующем удалении опалубки с переопиранием отформованного перекрытия на временные опоры. Перекрытие бетонируют на самонесущую часть его толщины, затем после набора забетонированной частью распалубочной прочности производят переопирание этой части перекрытия на временные опоры и доформовывают перекрытие до проектной толщины. Перед формованием перекрытия до проектной толщины на самонесущую его часть укладывают теплозвукоизолирующий слой. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 1 ил.
Patent RU-2046175-C1 (RU)
Title: Universal drill reducer
Inventor: BARANNIKOV ALEKSEJ F
IPC: E21B10/00
Filed: 1992-02-19
Granted: 1995-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: drilling. SUBSTANCE: cutter holder in universal drill reducer has a seat in the form of through coaxial plane-conical hole narrowing toward connector. Lengthwise groove is communicated with plane- conical hole. The groove is of triangular cross-section. The connector has through coaxial conical hole. The conical hole is narrowing toward cutter holder and is communicated with its hole. EFFECT: easy changing. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2067982-C1 (RU)
Title: Method for production of polymers affected by cyclization
Inventor: KOVSHOV YURIJ SEMENOVICH
IPC: C08F8/48
Filed: 1992-08-10
Granted: 1996-10-20
Abstract: FIELD: production of synthetic rubber. SUBSTANCE: desired rubber containing isoprene units are prepared by heating of polymer in organic solvent. The process is carried out in the presence of cation active catalyst, compound having formula C 6 H 3 (R)(OH)(SO 3 H) where R is C 4 -C 12  alkyl is used as said catalyst. Quantity of said catalyst is 1-20 mass % as calculated for polymer. EFFECT: improves quality of desired product. 3 tbl