Patent GB-982842-A (GB)
Title: Electrical switching circuits
IPC: H01L27/08
Filed: 1961-07-31
Abstract: 982, 842. Shift registers. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. July 31, 1961 [Aug. 19, 1960], No. 27669/61. Heading G4C. [Also in Division H3] A shift register comprises a plurality of identical bi-stable stages connected in cascade, each stage comprising a semi-conductor device as described in Specification 842,352 and having an emitter 10, base 12 and two collectors 1, 2 each composed of two semiconductor layers as shown. The characteristics of the devices are shown in Fig. 2; with the base earthed, zero emitter current causes both collectors to be non-conducting, a defined value of emitter current (one unit) causes conduction in collector 1, a value of two units causes conduction in collector 2 alone and a value of three or more units causes conduction in both collectors. In the shift register of Fig. 6 each of the resistors 106, 108, 110 serves, in association with voltage source +V, as a constant current source of three units. The resistors 118,120 may be connected at their ends remote from the emitter of transistor 100 to potentials of zero value or of -V. When connected to -V they each serve as a drain of two units as also do resistors 126, 128, 134, 136, in like circumstances; otherwise they drain no current from the constant-current supply. Likewise when connected to voltages of -V, resistors 122, 124, 130, 132, 136, 138 each drain one unit from their respectively emitter supplies; otherwise they drain no current. Clock pulses effecting stepping are applied to terminals 121, 131, 135, those applied to terminals 121, 135 effecting transitions from zero to -V volts while those applied to terminal 131 being complementary thereto, i.e. terminal 131 is nomally of -V and is switched to zero volts during clock pulses. Reset pulses of -V are applied through resistors 118, 126, 134 to reset transistors 100, 102, 104 by setting them all momentarily to their zero states (no conduction in either collector), the third unit of current being drained through feedback resistor 124, 132 or 140 if not by virtue of the bias already applied to one of resistors 120, 122, 128, 130, 136, 138. Binary input signals applied to terminal 123 have either value O or -V; assuming a value of O volts, then after the reset pulse has passed, no current is drained through any of resistors 118, 120, 122, transistor 100 assumes its fully conductive state so that collector 2 assumes a potential of zero volts, there is no drain through resistor 124 and the three units of current flow into the emitter to maintain the transistor fully conductive. If on the other hand, the input at 123 is at -V, when current starts flowing again after the passage of the reset pulse, the transistor will assume the stable state in which one unit of current flows into the emitter so that collector 1 is at zero volts but collector 2 is at -V, the other two units of current then flowing through resistors 122 and 124. Consequently the input to transistor 102 is the same as that to transistor 100. Clock pulses applied to transistors 100 and 104 are equivalent to the application of a reset pulse and in the case of transistor 102 are equivalent to the removal of a reset pulse. Hence on the arrival of a clock pulse transistors 100, 104 are reset while collector 2 of transistor 102 sets itself at the voltage previously held by the collector 2 of transistor 100. Then after the passage of the clock pulse, the output from collector 2 of transistor 102 is transferred to collector 2 of transistor 104 so that the state previously stored in transistor 100 is now stored in transistor 104.