Patent GB-371343-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the production of artificial threads, filaments, ribbons and the like
IPC: D01F2/28
Filed: 1931-01-16
Abstract: In the manufacture of artificial filaments, yarns, ribbons, films, and similar products of organic derivatives of cellulose, the materials are produced under such conditions that they have a continuous structure and they are stretched by means of a moving body of aqueous or organic liquid.  They may be stretched continuously with production or subsequently.  The process is applicable to cellulose esters or ethers and particularly to cellulose acetate in solvents such as acetone, acetic acid, formic acid, ethylene or methylene dichloride with ethyl or methyl alcohol.  Diacetone alcohol, ethyl lactate, diethyl tartrate, or other high boiling solvent may be added to the spinning solution. For wet spinning baths, aqueous solutions of thiocyanates, zinc chloride, alcohol, acetic acid, formic acid, or ethyl lactate and sodium chloride may be used.  It is stated that water alone is not suitable as coagulating liquid since it results in products having a "discontinuous structure."  Alternatively, non-aqueous media such as paraffin, petroleum, toluene, nitrobenzene, hexachlorethane, aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, oils such as castor, sesame, or olein may be employed.  When the coagulating bath is used also for stretching it is preferably made of high viscosity and for this purpose, large proportions of sulphuric acid, Turkey red oil, Twitchell's reagent, benzene sulphonic acid, or sulphonated brown coal oil may be used. Starch, glucose, sucrose, lactose, mannite, dulcite, glycerol, or sulphite cellulose waste lye may be added to the coagulating bath which may be heated if desired.  It is preferred to spin downwardly into a descending column of coagulant but apparatus in which the coagulant flows horizontally in a confined path may be employed. Coagulation of the materials may be completed in further treatment baths where they may be subjected to further stretching.  The stretching by means of a flowing liquid may be applied to materials obtained by dry spinning processes.  Materials may be drawn from a bobbin or other package through a softening liquid and then <PICT:0371343/IV/1> <PICT:0371343/IV/2> <PICT:0371343/IV/3> <PICT:0371343/IV/4> carried into a funnel in which stretch is imparted by the rapid flow of liquid in the same direction as the material.  The softening liquid may be one of the substances mentioned as suitable for aqueous spinning baths or acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetin, butyl acetate, dibutyl tartrate, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, phenol, p-toluene sulphonamide, urea, thiourea, or ureoid bases.  These substances are preferably diluted with water or benzene.  The stretching liquid may contain softening agents or hardening agents. Mechanical stretch may be applied to the filaments in addition to the stretch imparted by the liquid.  The spinning solutions or the filaments may be treated in known manner for obtaining modified lustre, metallic effects, permanent or temporary dyeing, weighting, mordanting, or superficial saponification.  As shown in Fig. 3 coagulating medium enters through inlet 16 at the bottom of a cylinder 20 and flows over the upper edge of the cone 15 and down through the interior, carrying with it the bundle of filaments 18.  A truncated cone 27 ensures smoother flow of the liquid.  In Fig. 4, the liquid entering at 16 divides, part moving upwards into the cone 15 and part moving downwards and stretching the filaments 18.  In Fig. 5, the cone is perforated and provided with lips 28 which may project outwardly or inwardly.  In another modification, two or more cones are provided enabling the threads to be treated with different liquids.  The tubular part of the cone may be bent upwards if desired.  A baffle may be provided in the apparatus near the liquid inlet.  In Fig. 11, filaments 24 are passed through a softening liquid in the bath 26 and then are drawn through the funnel 15 and stretched by the current of liquid which enters at 16.  In wet spinning, the flow of coagulant may be induced by injectors or pumps or siphons.  Each spinning vessel may have two or more jets and a separate cone for each bundle of filaments, or a single cone with or without partitions may suffice.  Specifications 177,868, 179,234, 277,089, 318,467, 318,631, 322,557, 323,790, 324,662, 334,563, 334,853, 336,217, 338,490, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 340,324, 340,325, 340,436, 341,148, 341,388, 341,897, 343,062, 343,949, 346,678, 346,793, and 370,430 are referred to.