Patent GB-689569-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to solid synthetic detergents
IPC: C11D3/20
Filed: 1949-08-03
Abstract: A normally solid non-soap organic detergent material is mixed with a plasticizer having a solubility in water not greater than 75 per cent by weight at 20 DEG C. and consisting of a normally solid polyethylene glycol or a normally solid ester of a fatty acid containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule with a polyhydric alcohol, the mixture is dried to a moisture content not exceeding 5 per cent by weight, heated to a temperature between 110 and 170 DEG F. so as to render it plastic and workable, but not so as to liquefy it, and then plodded while in this condition, and the product is formed into cakes or bars.  Instead of drying the mixture, the detergent material may be dried before mixing in order to obtain a mixture containing not more than 5 per cent moisture.  Other substances, such as fillers, builders, colouring materials, emollients and germicidal substances, may be added to the mixture. Builders mentioned are inorganic phosphates or carbonates, borax, carboxymethyl cellulose and higher fatty acid alkylolamides, while the colouring materials may be organic or inorganic pigments or dyes, specifically titanium dioxide. Glycerine and olive oil are mentioned as emollients.  Sodium sulphate or other such salts may also be present in the mixture through their occurrence in the detergent material as the result of neutralization reactions in the preparation of the detergent material.  Detergent materials referred to are water-soluble salts, such as the sodium, calcium, barium or magnesium salts, of sulphated or sulphonated organic materials, or mixtures of such salts, nonionic detergents, and mixtures of nonionic detergents with the ionic detergents.  Specified detergent materials are sodium glyceryl monolaurate sulphate, dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate, sodium salt of a sulphonated benzene which contains an alkyl substituent of about 10-14 carbon atoms, sodium alkyl sulphonates produced from petroleum or similar hydrocarbons, sodium b -oleylethanesulphonate, sodium b  - oleylaminoethanesulphonate, polymerized ethylene oxide condensates and fatty acid polyoxyethylene derivatives.  Esters which may be employed as the plasticizer are the mono- and di-esters of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol with such fatty acids as stearic, palmitic, myristic, oleic and lauric and coconut oil fatty acids.  The drying of the mixture or of the detergent material may be effected by spray drying or roll drying, while the plodded mixture may be formed into bars by extrusion and then, if desired, cut into blanks and pressed into cakes.  The extrusion nozzle of the plodder may be heated.  The mixtures plodded and formed into bars or cakes in the examples are (1) sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of coconut oil fatty acids, zinc stearate, diethylene glycol monostearate, titanium dioxide and perfume, (2) sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of coconut oil fatty acids, aluminium palmitate, diethylene glycol distearate, titanium dioxide and perfume, (3) spray-dried sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of a mixture of coconut oil fatty acids and stearic acid, Italian talc, mono- and di-stearates of diethylene glycol, titanium dioxide and perfume, (4) sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of coconut oil fatty acids, sodium b -oleylamino-ethane sulphonate, boric acid, disodium diacid pyrophosphate, solid polyethylene glycols (M.W. about 1500-4000), glycerine, sodium soap of a mixture of tallow and coconut oil, Irish moss, titanium dioxide and perfume, (5) sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of coconut oil fatty acids, diethylene glycol monostearate, colouring material and perfume, (6) sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, diethylene glycol monostearate, zinc stearate, titanium dioxide and perfume, (7) spray-dried sodium salt of b -lauryl-ethane-sulphonate, magnesium stearate, diethylene glycol monostearate, titanium dioxide and perfume, and (8) spray-dried sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of a mixture of hydrogenated tallow and hydrogenated coconut oil, zinc stearate, diethylene glycol monostearate, titanium dioxide and perfume, and (8) spray-dried sodium salt of the sulphated monoglycerides of a mixture of hydrogenated tallow and hydrogenated coconut oil, zinc stearate, diethylene glycol monostearate, titanium dioxide and perfume. Specification 443,795 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,146,770 and 2,175,285 are referred to.