Patent GB-1196906-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Control Systems
Inventor: COWAN JAMES MACMILLAN
IPC: H02J13/00
Filed: 1966-06-29
Abstract: 1,196,906. Electric selective signalling. MERSEYSIDE AND NORTH WALES ELECTRICITY BOARD. 26 June, 1967 [29 June, 1966], No. 29085/66. Heading G4H. [Also in Divisions H3-H5] In a system of signalling over an A.C. power supply network unidirectional pulses are created in the voltage of the network at a predetermined point in the cycle of the voltage, the number of pulses, the polarity, or position in the cycle, conveying the information. The pulses may be created by drawing a direct current from one winding of a transformer of the system, causing the generation of a pulse, due to saturation of part of the transformer core, when the voltage waveform passes through zero in one direction, alternatively the pulses may be generated by the discharge of a capacitor through the line at a predetermined point in the voltage waveform cycle, the capacitor conveniently being charged from the supply network via a rectifier. The receiver may comprise a high-pass filter, a gate opened at predetermined times in the cycle of the power supply voltage together with a counter and/or a polarity discriminator. A transmitter for the D.C. loading pulse generator is shown in Fig. 3, in which power from a highvoltage supply is applied to a medium voltage supply network via a transformer TR2. Pulses are applied to the yellow phase line 15 by drawing current through controlled rectifiers SCR1, SCR2 and SCR3 such that flux in the R and B phase limbs of the core combines in the Y phase limb of the core causing pulses to be generated in the Y phase whenever the Y phase line voltage passes through zero in a predetermined direction. By reversing all the S.C.R.'s in Fig. 3 the pulses can be generated on a transition through zero in the other direction while rearrangement of the S.C.R.'s can provide pulses in any desired phase line. A transmitter switchable to provide pulses at either transition on any phase wire is described with respect to Fig.5 (not shown). A transmitter using capacitor discharge injection is shown in Fig. 12 in which capacitor C3 is charged to the peak voltage of the line through diode D5 and is then discharged through the line when S.C.R.9 is fired. In a modification of this capacitor discharge circuit, Fig. 28, the capacitor C4 is discharged into a resonant circuit formed by inductor L2, capacitor C5 and the inductance of the transformer winding 250, resonating at about 5 kc/s. The oscillatory waveform is coupled by the transformer into the H.V. supply and may be detected on other medium voltage networks connected to the same H.V. supply. Fig. 10 shows one form of receiver for unidirectional pulses of either polarity. In this arrangement a phase reference for the pulses is provided by TR3 from the line voltage. The pulses are supplied to the receiver via a filter 54 comprising a capacitor and a transformer and provided the pulses occur at the appropriate time relative the reference then either SCR7 or SCR8 is fired, depending on the pulse polarity, to cause the operation of relay A or B respectively to self hold over contacts A1 or B1. The relay is released by transmission of pulses of the other polarity to cause the other relay to operate and release the hold circuit of the previously operated relay. Relay contacts A3 and B3 provide the required control of the consumer's equipment 68A. In an alternative form of receiver, Fig. 22, pulses from filter 151 coincident with the appropriate reference phase at a gate 153 are counted in counters 154 to cause the appropriate switching action of the consumer unit according to the number of pulses transmitted and their phase. In another alternative receiver, Fig. 25 (not shown), a preliminary signal conditions a gate to allow a following signal to operate a switch unit. Fig. 18 shows a high voltage distribution system feeding a pair of medium voltage networks and provided with signalling and control systems comprising capacitor discharge transmitters 139 and 140 the signals from which are confined to the respective medium voltage distribution networks with a D.C. loading transmitter 136 which may be used to inject a pulse which is conveyed via the highvoltage lines to all the medium voltage networks connected to the high-voltage system and which may be received, e.g. at 137 and operate, via a switching unit 138, a capacitor discharge unit 139 to signal in the network 132.