baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IE-33754-L (IE)
Title: Lactims and lactams
IPC: C07D223/10
Filed: 1970-03-18
Abstract: 1278844 Preparation of O-alkyllactims INVENTA AG FUR FORSCHUNG UND PATENTVERWERTUNG 17 March 1970 [18 March 1969] 12848/70 Heading C2C O-Alkyllactims having at least 10 ring members are made by reacting the corresponding N- unsubstituted lactam with more than 1 mol. of the required dialkyl sulphate per mol. lactam and thereafter treating with an aqueous alkaline solution to saponify and thereby remove unreacted dialkyl sulphate. If desired, the O- alkyllactims may be isomerized to the corresponding N-alkyllactams, e.g. in the presence of a dialkyl sulphate.
[GB1278844A]
Patent IE-40695-L (IE)
Title: A process for the manufacture of cephem - 3- ol compounds
IPC: C07D501/60
Filed: 1975-02-25
Abstract: 1503581 Preparation of ceph-2- or -3-em derivatives CIBA-GEIGY AG 24 Feb 1975 [26 Feb 1974 5 June 1974 12 Aug 1974] 7625/75 Heading C2C Compounds IA and IB (R 1 <SP>a</SP> is H or a protecting group; R 1 b is H or acyl; or R 1 <SP>a</SP> and R 1 <SP>b</SP> together form a divalent protecting group; R 2 is OH or a group which with the adjacent -CO- group forms protected carboxyl; and R 3 is H, 1-7C alkyl or a protecting group) and the 1-oxides of the ceph- 3-em compounds are prepared by cyclization of a compound II followed, where necessary, by deprotection and/or other conventional modifications.
[GB1503581A]
Patent IE-800445-L (IE)
Title: Esters of glycerol.
IPC: A61K31/357
Filed: 1980-03-05
Abstract: Mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-esters derived from an acid of the general formula: R-OH in which R represents an acyl radical of the general formula: <IMAGE> in which n represents 0 or 1, m represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R1 and R2 each represent a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R3 represents hydrogen or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 being from 4 to 10 when R3 represents hydrogen and the sum of the carbon atoms in R1, R2 and R3 being from 6 to 15 when R3 is different from hydrogen, or R1 and R2 when they are taken together represent a tetramethylene, pentamethylene or hexamethylene radical and R3 represents a straight-chain alkyl radical and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, 2,3-epoxy-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, 2-buten-1,4-diol, 2-butyn-1,4-diol, diethyleneglycol, a cyclohexanediol preferably 1,2-cyclohexanediol, thiodiglycol, diethanolamine, N-R-substituted-diethanolamine, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and an alcohol of the general formula: <IMAGE> II in which p represents 0 or 1, R4 represents methyl, R5 represents methyl, ethyl, 2-methyl-butyl or R4 and R5, when they are taken together represent a pentamethylene radical, with the exception of glyceryl tri-(di-n-propylacetate). These esters are useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders and including, in particular, convulsive states and seizures, and disorders relating to the field of neuropsychiatry.
[US4423071A]
Patent IE-830507-L (IE)
Title: Tetrahydropyran derivatives
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1983-03-09
Abstract: There are provided antibiotics X-14873 A, G and H of the formulas <IMAGE> I wherein for X-14873A, R1 is CO2H and R2 is <IMAGE> for X-14873G, R1 is hydrogen and R2 is <IMAGE> and for X-14873H, R1 is hydrogen and R2 is <IMAGE> The compounds exhibit antibiotic activity. Also disclosed is a process to produce the above compounds.
[US4410712A]
Patent IE-33235-L (IE)
Title: Multi-layer panelling
IPC: B31F1/28
Filed: 1969-07-16
Abstract: Structural units, and method and apparatus for making the same. Two webs are advanced in spaced parallel predetermined paths. A foam material is deposited on the upper surface of the lower web and foamed to form a foam layer. An intermediate web is applied onto the foam layer. An intermediate layer of sound- or fire-retarding material is applied onto the intermediate web, and the space between the intermediate layer and the upper web has foam material introduced thereinto and converted into a foam layer, whereby to obtain an elongated structural laminar unit consisting of the various layers and webs which adhere to one another.
[US3650863A]
Patent FI-803758-L (FI)
Inventor: KUNG PATRICK CHUNG-SHU
IPC: C12N15/00
Filed: 1980-12-03
Abstract: Hybrid cell line for production of monoclonal antibody to an antigen found on normal human suppressor T cells. The hybrid is formed by fusing splenocytes from immunized CAF<sub>1</sub> mice with P3X63Ag8U1 myeloma cells. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the monoclonal antibody are also disclosed.
Patent IE-37824-L (IE)
Title: Conveyor unit
IPC: B07B13/16
Filed: 1973-06-19
Abstract: 1414786 Endless conveyers POWERSCREEN INTERNATIONAL Ltd 19 June 1973 [22 June 1972 26 Aug 1972] 29399/72 and 39925/72 Heading B8A A conveyer unit for attachment to a main conveyer 30 comprises a C-frame 10 connected to an endless conveyer framework 16 by a brace 21 and by a bearing 20. The framework is able to pivot on the bearing 20 and around a stub axle 11 to which the brace 21 is connected. An hydraulic motor 15 and an actuator 13 cause the framework 16 to rotate about a substantially vertical axis which passes through the bearing 20 and axle 11. An hydraulic motor 24 drives the belt 18 of the conveyer unit which also includes a feed boot 23 into which the main conveyer 30 discharges. The C-frame 10 is mounted for vertical adjustment on the conveyer 30 by hinge means and a screw member 25. Fig. 2, shows one of three alternative arrangements for mounting the conveyer unit on the main conveyer 30. In the construction shown in Fig. 6, a conveyer unit feeds the main conveyer 30 which is discharged by a further conveyer unit.
[GB1414786A]
Patent IE-40439-L (IE)
Title: Reconstructed tobacco having reduced nitrate.
IPC: A24B15/24
Filed: 1974-08-13
Abstract: Natural tobacco is extracted with water to produce a soluble extract and an insoluble fibrous residue. The extract is passed over an ion retardation resin to remove potassium nitrate from the extract. The resin is a rigid styrene-divinylbenzene cross-linked polymer lattice having attached quaternary ammonium groups, interwoven with a flexible linear acrylic acid polymer. Thereafter, the denitrated extract is recombined with the fibrous tobacco residue.
[US3847164A]
Patent IE-861708-L (IE)
Title: Preparing alcohol-free beer
IPC: C12C7/00
Filed: 1986-06-25
Abstract: A method of producing an alcohol-free or low alcohol beer comprising thermally breaking malt draff to obtain a malt draff mash from a substrate selected from the group consisting of a full- or a high-alcohol content beer brewing base or a protein fraction obtained from malt draff by digesting, boiling or autoclaving during the production of edible draff meal in a draff mash. The method homogenizes, extrudes and mechanically removes insoluble chaff from the brewing base prior to thermally breaking up the malt draff, cooling the malt draff mash to about 72 DEG C., emzymatically breaking up the malt draff mash by adding coarsely ground malt, heating the mash to 80 DEG -85 DEG C., adding thereto coarsely ground malt premashed in cold water to produce a wort with a final fermentation degree of at most 60% and a temperature of 70 DEG -74 DEG C., which is maintained until iodine normality is attained and subjecting the iodine normal mash to mashing.
[US5077061A]
Patent IE-38521-L (IE)
Title: Pharmaceutical composition
IPC: A61K31/225
Filed: 1973-11-16
Abstract: 1401360 Pharmaceutical compositions BIOREX LABORATORIES LTD 29 Nov 1973 [18 Dec 1972] 58355/72 Heading A5B Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of gastritis in dosage unit form comprise 1-100 mg of at least one non-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory active derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid (selected from the esters, hemiesters and hemiester salts thereof e.g. the disodium salt of glycyrrhetininc acid hemisuccinate, the salts of glycyrrhetinic acid with non-toxic organic bases; the salts of glycyrrhetinic acid and its hemiesters with bismuth, zinc or a metal of Group IIA, IIIA or VIII of the Periodic Table; and the amides of glycyrrhetininc acid and of acylated glycyrrhetininc acid), in admixture with 1-70% by weight, referred to the total weight of the composition, of at least one antacid, non-toxic aluminium compound (such as aluminium hydroxide, aluminium magnesium silicate, aluminium phosphate, or dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate). The antacid aluminium compound may be partially replaced by other known antacid compounds e.g. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate or sodium bicarbonate. The composition may be administered orally in the form of a tablet.
[GB1401360A]
Patent IE-882213-L (IE)
Title: Method for the recovery of steviosides from plant raw material
IPC: A23L27/30
Filed: 1988-07-20
Abstract: Steviosides can be obtained from dried material from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plants by extraction and purification, where an extract is obtained by treatment in water at a temperature from room temperature to about 65 DEG C and with stirring and subsequent filtration or centrifugation and is treated with calcium hydroxide, after which a precipitate is obtained by filtration or centrifugation and is treated with a strongly acid ion exchange resin and subsequently with a weakly basic ion exchange resin, and is filtered and dried.
Patent IE-882438-L (IE)
Title: Molluscicides
IPC: A01N35/02
Filed: 1988-08-10
Abstract: The use as a molluscicide of a chelate of aluminium (III) with a ligand of formula I or of iron (III) with a ligand of formula II I: [R<1>COCHCOCR<2>]<-> II: [R<3>NO.N=O]<-> in which formulae: R<1> and R<2>, which may be identical or different, represent: methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, dimethoxy methyl or diethoxymethyl and R<3> represents: C1-C6 alkyl, provided that when the alkyl group contains more than four carbon atoms the group is a branched chain alkyl group.
[EP0306160A2]
Patent IE-832761-L (IE)
Title: Aromatic compounds
IPC: C07C49/84
Filed: 1983-11-25
Abstract: Compounds of the structure: <CHEM> and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy, alkanoyloxy, aroyloxy, carboxyalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbalkoxy, alkanoyl, formyl, nitrile, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, carboxamide, halo, trihalomethyl, hydroxy, aryloxy, nitro, sulfamyl, thio, alkylthio, and R1 and R2 when taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a phenyl ring;  Z is C or N; X is -O-, S-, @NR4, -CH2Z1-, -CH=N-, -CH=CH, -C IDENTICAL C-, @C=O, -CH2ZCH2-, -CH=CH- or ZC=O-; Y is -CHCH2-, -CH=CH-, -CHCHR5- or -CH[C(R5)3]2- when R3 is monovalent or -C-CH2- when R3 is O;  R3 is O, OH, OR4, SH, SR4, NH, HHR4 or N(R4)2; and  M is an integer from 0 to 10;  wherein Z1 is O, S or NR4; R4 is H, alkyl, pyranyl or aryl; and R5 is H, alkyl or fluoro.
Patent IE-892884-L (IE)
Title: Microbicides
IPC: C07D493/00
Filed: 1989-09-08
Abstract: A macrocyclic compound of the formula I, <IMAGE> (I) in which the substituents have the following meaning: X is hydrogen or methyl, Y is hydrogen, -CHO, -COCH3, -COCH2OCH3, -COCH2OCH3, -COCH2NH2, benzyl, methyl or a silyl group, and A-B-C is the following C3-chain members: <IMAGE> <IMAGE> in which R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen, methyl, -CHO, -COCH2OCH3, -COCH2OCH3, -COCH2NH2 or a silyl group, and R4 and R5 are hydrogen, halogen or -COO(C1-C3) alkyl, is suitable for controlling and preventing plant diseases. A compound of this type can be employed in a customary manner in the form of plant-protecting agents formulated with carrier substances and extenders.
[US4954517A]
Patent IE-863073-L (IE)
Title: Bone stapler
IPC: A61B17/58
Filed: 1986-11-21
Abstract: A bone stapler having separable barrel and handle assemblies so that staples of different sizes may be driven, in which a driver engages or disengages a piston assembly upon relative rotation therebetween to engage housing portions of the barrel and handle assemblies, and the barrel assembly through which staples are driven can be rotated to any angle about its axis with respect to a manually grasped portion of the handle assembly to help orient the driven staple.
[US4648541A]
Patent NO-762681-L (NO)
Inventor: CROMER C F
IPC: H01H33/91
Filed: 1976-08-02
Abstract: Gasskompresjonshøyspenningsbryter.
Patent NO-792848-L (NO)
Inventor: GORKE KLAUS
IPC: B27K3/15
Filed: 1979-09-03
Abstract: An aqueous agent for treating wood and wooden materials, optionally containing customary additives, such as water-soluble wood protecting agents effective as insecticides and/or fungicides, comprises an organic binder drying by oxidation, said organic binder consisting essentially of the reaction product of an acid and a 1,3-butadiene substrate polymer modified to carry amino groups, wherein (1) the amino group carrying 1,3-butadiene polymer has a double bond content corresponding to an iodine number of at least 200 g iodine/100 g, of which a double bond content of at least 100, measured as iodine number, is derived from cis-1,4-structural elements of the 1,3-butadiene substrate polymer per se; (2) the amino group content of the amino group carrying 1,3-butadiene polymer is at least 50 mg-atoms of nitrogen/100 g of polymer; and (3) the 1,3-butadiene substrate polymer per se has at least 70 molar percent butadiene units and a molecular weight (Mn) of 500-6,000.
Patent NO-803030-L (NO)
Inventor: BASCHANG GERHARD
IPC: C07H15/04
Filed: 1980-10-10
Abstract: Phosphorylmuramyl peptides of the formula   <IMAGE>   are immuno-potentiating. In the formula, R1 represents optionally substituted alkyl or aryl, R2, R4, R6 and R7 represent, for example, hydrogen, R3 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R5 represents, for example, hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl or heterocyclyl-lower alkyl, and one of the radicals A1 and A2 represents a radical of the formula (II) <IMAGE> (II)  In the formula (II), T represents NH or O, Y represents an optionally substituted alkylene group, which may also be interrupted by one or two oxycarbonyl and/or iminocarbonyl groups, and W represents an aliphatic radical or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radical having more than 6 carbon atoms. The other of the radicals A1 and A2 represents free or etherified hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino or aminocarbonyl-lower alkylamino.
Patent NO-822462-L (NO)
Inventor: SCHOBERTH HANS
IPC: A21D13/02
Filed: 1982-07-16
Abstract: Disclosed is a bread flour comprising bread cereal flour, cereal bran and self-rising starch flour and method for making a leavened bread by preparing a dough having bread cereal flour, water, leavening agents, soy bran and self-rising starch flour which is subjected to baking, the said soy bran being in an amount equal to 10 to 30% by weight of the bread cereal flour and the said self-rising starch flour being in an amount equal to 2 to 8% by weight of bread cereal flour.
Patent NO-852953-L (NO)
Inventor: BASCHANG GERHARD
IPC: C07F9/09
Filed: 1985-07-24
Abstract: Described are phosphatidyl compounds of the formula I    <IMAGE>  (I) in which R1 represents C3-14-alkanoyl, benzoyl, the acyl radical of an  alpha -aminocarboxylic acid that is other than glycine, L-alanine and derivatives thereof having a substituted amino group, and of which the  alpha -amino group may be substituted by lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl or by benzyloxycarbonyl, or the acyl radical of a  beta -aminocarboxylic acid or an  alpha - or  beta -hydroxycarboxylic acid, T represents a group NH that is unsubstituted or is substituted by lower alkyl, or oxygen, Y represents dimethylene that is unsubstituted or is substituted by free, etherified or amidated carboxy, W represents hydrogen, and Z represents a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or hydroxymethyl group, in which at least one of the hydroxy groups is esterified by an aliphatic C8-30-carboxylic acid or is etherified by an aliphatic C8-30-alcohol, or each of W and Z represents a hydroxymethyl group that is esterified by an aliphatic C8-30-carboxylic acid or is etherified by an aliphatic C8-30-alcohol, and their salts, and processes for their manufacture. The mentioned novel compounds, and structurally related compounds that are likewise described and that belong to the state of the art, are used for the propylaxis and treatment of viral infections.
Patent NO-872298-L (NO)
Inventor: ENGELS JOHANNES CAROLUS AUGUST
IPC: C09J123/08
Filed: 1987-06-01
Abstract: Film provided with at least one sealable layer, which sealable layer comprises a copolymer of ethylene and a 1-alkene with at least four carbon atoms, which copolymer contains at least 2.5 moles % of the 1-alkene and to which copolymer 0.1-10% (wt) hydrotalcite with the empirical formula of Mg1-xAlx(OH)2Ax/n<n-> . mH2O, where 0 < x </= 0.5, A<n-> is an anion with valence n, and m >/= 0, and with an average particle size x not exceeding the thickness of the sealable layer and a distribution of the average particle size  sigma  < 0.5 x has been added.
Patent NO-874669-L (NO)
Title: Blanding for innblanding i et polymermateriale.
Inventor: TROTOIR JEAN-PAUL
IPC: C08K5/092
Filed: 1987-11-10
Abstract: En blanding består av (a) en karboksylsyreforbindelse som inneholder minst tre karbonatomer og (b) et amin som for eksempel etoksylert amin. Blandingen kan fremstilles ved konvensjonell pulverblanding eller teknikker for ^elteblanding. Blandingene kan innblandes inn i en olefin-polymer slik at det oppnås en polymerblanding som har en økt krystalliseringstemperatur og/eller forbedrede optiske egenskaper.
Patent NO-882433-L (NO)
Inventor: DUBOST BRUNO
IPC: C22C21/10
Filed: 1988-06-02
Abstract: The invention concerns a metal alloy with large lattice spacings (>than 1 nm), and consisting essentially of, by weight: at least one element selected from a group A consisting of Al, Zn and Cu, total group A elements being 44-92%; at least one element selected from a group B consisting of Ag, Ga and Au, total group B elements being 0-46%, with % group A+group B=88-92%, and   <IMAGE>   a group C element which is Li in an amount of 7.2-12%; at least one element selected from a group D consisting of Mg, K, Na, and Ca, total group D elements being 0-12%, with % group C+% group D=8-12%,   <IMAGE> and % group A+% group B+% group C+% group D=100%; said alloy additionally comprising elemental impurities in an amount of less than 1% each and less than 5% total, based on the total weight of the alloy.
Patent NO-892581-L (NO)
Inventor: CHIESI PAOLO
IPC: A61M15/00
Filed: 1989-06-21
Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for the administration of drugs in form of metered aerosol, consisting of an expansion chamber (3) comprising two coaxial tubes (1, 2) freely slidable within one another and detachable. The external tube (1) has an open end (4) and a tapered end (5) on which the chamber mouth-piece (9) is mounted. The internal tube (2) has an open end (10) which may be inserted into the external tube (1) and on opposite end (11) on which the mouth-piece of a conventional dispenser containing the active principale in form of pressurized aerosol is stuck. The apparatus allows a better penetration of the drug into the airways up to the deepest zones of the bronchial tree.
Patent NO-900305-L (NO)
Title: Sjoe-seismisk kilde.
Inventor: PASCOUET ADRIEN P
IPC: G01V1/02
Filed: 1990-01-22
Abstract: Det er beskrevet en kompakt marin akustisk kilde. Mer spesielt angår den foreliggende opp- finnelse en marin akustisk kilde som er i stand til å frembringe en sterk primærpuls samtidig som den i hovedsak undertrykker eller eliminerer uonskede sekundærpuls-derivater fra nevnte primærpuls.
Patent NO-900843-L (NO)
Inventor: MOODY GEORGE WILLIAM
IPC: G01F1/26
Filed: 1990-02-22
Abstract: A flow meter for measuring liquid and gaseous flow rates in a mixed fluid flow has one or more helical fins (17) positioned between a cylindrical sleeve (10) and a core member (11). Centrifugal effects resulting from fluid flow though channels (29) defined between fins (17) sleeve (10) and core (11) separate liquid and gaseous phases, and the gaseous phase passes through bores (28) in the core member (11) to a central cavity (19) substantially closed at an upstream end (12). Liquid flow rate is measured in a channel (16) between the sleeve (10) and core member (11) after removal therefrom of gas, and gaseous flow is measured at an open downstream end (14) of the cavity (19). Flow rates may be measured using, for example, venturis (16,32,33,27,30,31). After measurement of the flow rates the liquid and gaseous phases are allowed to remix.
Patent NO-901579-L (NO)
Inventor: ALLGEIER HANS
IPC: A61P9/10
Filed: 1990-04-06
Abstract: Unsaturated aminodicarboxylic acid derivatives of formula (I) <IMAGE> in which A represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 2 carbon atoms and R1 and R2 independently of each other represent free or esterified carboxyl groups, and their salts possess an outstanding and selective antagonistic effect on excitatorial amino acid receptors sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. They are prepared for example by converting Z3 in a compound of formula II <IMAGE> in which Z1 and Z2 stand for optionally protected hydroxyl and Z3 represents protected amino, into amino and, if present, protected hydroxyl Z1 and/or Z2 into hydroxy, and if desired converting one compound obtained into another compound of formula I, an isomeric mixture obtainable using this method being separated into the components and the particular preferred isomer being separated out and/or a free compound obtainable using this method being converted into a salt or a salt obtainable using this method being converted into the free compound.
Patent NO-920235-L (NO)
Inventor: ONG HELEN HU
IPC: C07D209/80
Filed: 1992-01-17
Abstract: There are disclosed various compounds of the formula below, <CHEM> where n, X and R1 through R4 are as defined in the specification, which are useful for alleviating various memory dysfunctions characterized by a cholinergic deficit such as Alzheimer's disease. Compounds of this invention also inhibit monoamine oxidase and/or act at central  alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and hence are useful as antidepressants. The invention relates also to intermediates and a process for the preparation of the above compounds.
Patent NO-930699-L (NO)
Title: Hoeyeffektiv vaeske/vaeske hydrosyklon
Inventor: KALNINS CHARLES M
IPC: B04C/
Filed: 1993-02-26
Abstract: Hydrosyklon (12) med høy effektivitet og liten diameter for å separere væske/væske-bestanddeler i en blanding. Et effektivt separasjonsområde L. i hydrosyklonens separasjonskammer begynner ved en hals med liten diameter D (28) hvor blandingens akselerasjon og hastig- het slutter å øke. Dette effektive område L. slutter ved et understrømsutløp (16) fra separasjonskammeret, og har et areal/volum-forhold som faller innenfor visse grenser for derved å fremme effektiv separasjon av blandingen, spesielt dråper med liten diameter som er dispergert i blandingen.
Patent NO-941412-L (NO)
Title: Framgangsmåte for regulering av karbonbalansen i en SI-smelteovn
Inventor: SCHOONOVER DAVID EARLE
IPC: C22B4/00
Filed: 1994-04-19
Abstract: Framgangsmåte for regulering av karbonbalansen i en Si-smelteovn ved å opprettholde konsentrasjonen av kalsium i produsert Si innen et område på 0.4-2.0 vekt%. Ovnens kalsiumutbytte er en rask og følsom faktor på ovnens karbonbalanse. Et kalsiumutbytte under 80 vekt% indikerer en negativ karbonbalanse i ovnen, et kalsiumutbytte over 90 vekt% indikerer en for høy karbonbalanse i ovnen, og et kalsiumutbytte i området 80-90 vekt% indikerer at ovnen er i karbonbalanse. I en foretrukket utførelse anvendes kalsiumutbytte i tilknytning til en parameter for harmonisk spenning og elektrodeforbruk for å regulere ovnens karbonbalanse ytterligere.