Patent GB-674765-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to fuel oils
IPC: C10L1/10
Filed: 1949-09-16
Abstract: A basic polyvalent metal salt of an organic acidic compound or a mixture of such salts is added to a hydrocarbon fuel oil to prevent sludging or clogging in small orifices, e.g. in screens, through which it is required to pass the oil.  The fuel oil may be a distillate of B.P. about 300 DEG F to about 700 DEG F or a fraction obtained by thermal or catalytic cracking.  Cracked gas oils, fuel oils, furnace oils, burner oils, diesel fuel oils and kerosine and mixtures of cracked fuels with straight-run fractions are specified. A minor amount of a detergent and of a substance which enhances the solubility of water in the fuel oil may also be added.  (The term "detergent" does not include basic polyvalent metal salts of organic acidic compounds.)  The preferred polyvalent metal salts are those of general formula (RY)nM(XH)m where n and m are integers the sum of which equals the valency of the metal M, X is an oxygen, sulphur, selenium or tellurium atom, R is an organic radical and Y is an acidic group such as -CXX-, -X-, -SO3-, -SO4-, -PX4.  Such salts may be the calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel salts of saturated alkylmonocarboxylic acids having 8-20 carbon atoms, unsaturated alkyl monocarboxylic acids, hydroxyalkyl carboxylic acids, keto acids, aldehyde alkyl carboxylic acids, polycarboylic alkyl acids, acid products of hydrocarbon oxidations, aromatic acids, phenyl fatty acids, alicyclic acids, heterocyclic acids, sulphonic acids, phosphoros coutaining acids, xanthic, thioxanthic, carbamic, thiocarbonic, thiocarbamic and dithiocarbamic acids and phenolic compounds. Comprehensive lists are given in the Specification.  The addition of basic chromium naphthenates to hydrocarbon fuel oil in proportions of 0.001 to 0.1 per cent based on the oil, which addition is described in U.S.A. Specification 2,338,578, is disclaimed.  A concentrate containing 2-25 per cent (preferably 5-20 per cent) by weight of the polyvalent metal salt may be prepared and added to the fuel oil for use.  Suitable detergents include salts of naphthenic, aromatic and hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids, sulphonic acids and aliphatic acids, said acids containing substituent groups (amino, mercapto, hydroxide) or atoms (halogen, sulphur).  Phenates, carbamates, alcoholates, thiocarbamates and xanthates may also be used.  Such compounds are barium tertiary-octyl phenol sulphide and disulphide, barium ditertiary-amyl phenol sulphide, calcium iso-hexadecyl phenol sulphide, magnesium tertiary-amyl phenol sulphide, cobalt tertiary amyl phenol sulphide, barium dodecyl salicylate sulphide, the sulphide of the barium salt of the amyl ester of p-hydroxy dithiobenzoic acid, and calcium octyl phenol selenide.  The amount in the concentrate may be between 5 and 15 per cent, and preferably 10 per cent.  For enhancing the solubility of water in the fuel oil, glycol ethers, diols having 6 or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or ether alcohols may be added in amounts up to 50 per cent of the concentrate.  Many examples of such solutizers are listed in the Specification.  In the finished fuel, the proportion of basic polyvalent metal salt may be from 0.001 to 0.3 per cent and that of the detergent from 0 to 0.019 per cent. Foam inhibitors such as silicone liquids, fluoro-organic compounds, organic esters of mono- and polycarboxylic acids and mono- and polyhydric alcohols may also be added.  In an example a fuel oil containing moisture is compared with the same oil containing in addition basic aluminium and magnesium petroleum sulphonates, normal aluminium naphthenate, aluminium tristearate and normal copper petroleum sulphonate.  Specifications 587,624 and 613,424 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,236,933, 2,334,532, 2,357,866, 2,368,452, 2,395,713, 2,413,199, 2,414,773 and 2,416,397 also are referred to.